THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

CONDUCTED BY

C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.

Gr. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. McLACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.

LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

SECOND SERIE8-VOL. VIII

[VOL. XXXIII.]

" Believing that, by simply asking an abstract question, I am less likely to
provoke investigation and discussion than by expressing an opinion that can be
contradicted and disproved, I will conclude by expressing an opinion to which I am
not wedded, and from which I shall be glad to be converted, but still an opinion
founded on such evidence as I have been able to obtain." — J. TV. Dunning.

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mb. Van Voorst's Successors),

1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

1897.

a^"^-

b^

LONDON

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE, N.W

MDCCCXCVII.

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4

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THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. VIII.

[VOLUME XXXIII.]

LDPIDOPTERA OBSERVED IN G-LEN LOCHAY.
BT KENNETH J. MORTON, E.E.S.

At page 260, vol. vi, 2nd ser., I gave an account of the Neuroptera
observed in Glen Locliay, Perthshire, during a holiday spent there in
June, 1895. The following notes deal with the Lepidoptera taken on
the same occasion. My thanks are due to Mr. Barrett for his assist-
ance in naming the smaller species.

The late Dr. Buchanan White wrote regarding Breadalbane* (in
which district Glen Lochay is situated) that it had more alpine and
boreal plants than any other district in Britain, but few alpine and
boreal insects, while in Rannoch just the reverse was the case. The
botanical part of this proposition has no doubt been proved by the
researches of many botanists in both districts, but I fear the entomo-
logical work done in Breadalbane and Eannoch respectively is so much
out of proportion that a fair comparison can hardly be made as regards
insects. I do not know whether Dr. White ever modified his opinion
or not ; but I may say about Neuroptera his conclusions as above
stated hardly hold good, seeing j^schna horealis and SomatocMora
arctica, dragon-flies truly alpine and boreal in their distribution, are
both found in Breadalbane as well as in Eannoch. Perhaps with
regard to Lepidoptera also, the contrast has been too strongly drawn.
My own list contains a number of alpine species, although I did not

* Eut. Mo. Mag., vol. iv, p. 248.

A

AKY, 1897.

2 [January,

work with that special knowledge of this Order which is essential to
success. The conditions suited to alpine insects are quite as favoura-
ble, in most respects, in the one district as in the other ; in woodland
species Breadalbane may be weak ; as Dr. White pointed out, there
is less wood there than in Eannoch.

Butterflies were abundant, and at least twelve species were seen.
Of the whites, P. hrasisiccc was nearly always in evidence, although
usually represented by single specimens ; P. napi was frequent, and
I think P. rapcB also occurred, although I do not appear to have kept
examples. Argynnis Selene and A. Euphrosyiie were both common,
the latter most numerous in the earlier part of the month and later
giving place to A. Selene. Vanessa urticae occurred in hibernated ex-
amples, and several broods of larvre ; another Vanessa (probably V.
Atalarita) was seen. A single (J of i". Janira was taken on the last
day of my stay. Coenoni/mplia Typhon, var. Laidion, was especially
abundant on a high lying boggy tract (over 1500 feet), and occurred
singly elsewhere, but was less generally distributed than E. Epipliron :
it shows an extensive range of coloration on the upper-side, running
from (males) dark brown (almost as dark as in var. PhiJoxenus, but
duller in tone) through different grades of tawny to a pale bleached
looking condition (females) ; on the under-side ocellation may be ab-
solutely non-existent or highly developed, reaching in the hind-wings
to six eye spots with white pupils, the greater development, however,
in no way indicating an approach in other respects to the typical form
of Typlion, and in the fore-wings there is an equally great but not
correlative variability in the transverse bar, which may be absent, re-
duced to a wavy line, or increased to a pale elongated blotch. C.
Pamphilus abundant, some of the examples large and brightly coloured.
JErehia Epiphron was widely distributed on the hills both to the north
and south of the River Lochay, and was abundant on some of the
grassy slopes ; one day during a long excursion I had this interesting
little butterfly as a pretty constant companion for several miles. First
noticed about June Sth, but the examples then seen probably belonged
to a small colony which had established itself at a lower elevation
than usual (below 1000 feet), and it was not till ten days or so later
that the species was out on the high grounds. Lyccena Astrarche,
var. Artaxerxes, was common on a Reliantheimim bank of a small burn.
L. Icarus very common. L. minima abounded on a small sandy flat
on the banks of the Lochay. Some of the butterflies went to consider-
able elevations, following the course of the hill streams. To see the two
f ritillaries, L. Icarus and Artaxerxes, C. Pamphilus, joined more rarely

1897.J 3

by a straggling E. Ejyipltron, all flying about in a sheltered hollow, was
a picture of butterfly life not often enjoyed in these northern parts.

Macroglossa bomhyliformis (the narrow bordered species) flew
sparingly over the moist ground in the low-lying part of the G-len, and
a few specimens were secured hovering over Pedicularis. Nemeopliila
russula was taken one day on the lower ferny slopes of Meal Grhaordie.
N. plantaginls exceedingly common, and ranging far up on the hill
sides ; the var. Iwspita frequent and easily recognised on the wing.
Hepialus humuli swarmed on the low ground, and H. velleda was of
course everywhere. Bomhyx quercus, var. callunce, flew over the
moors commonly, and the opportune advent of some magnificent females
bred from Arran larvae proved its existence in greater number than
would otherwise have been supposed. Drepana lacertinaria taken oc-
casionally at dusk ; D.falcataria, var. pallida, beaten during the day
from birch and oak, some of the examples very large and pale.

Cymatophora duplaris, L., flew very commonly late on warm
evenings, and was occasionally beaten from birch during the day.
Acronycta psi, a few at rest ; Xylophasia rurea common ; Busina tene-
brosa ; Aqrotis strigula ; Noctua plecta, N. hrunnea, Hadena dentina,
and II. rectilinea. Cucullia umbratica frequent. Habrostola tripar-
tita, one example. Plusia chrysitis, pulchrina, gamma and interroga-
tionis, all more or less common ; the last two flew by day, but all four,
along with C. umbratica, were irresistibly attracted in the evening by
the flowers of the melancholy thistle {Garduus heterophyllus). Anarta
myrtilli frequent. Bhytometra viridaria not rare.

Bumia luteolata ; hawthorn was scarce in the part of the Glen
where I lived, and so was this usually common insect. Metrocampa
margaritaria, just coming out at end of June. Amphydasis betularia,
one (J from oak. Boarmia repandata common. Bsodos coracina,
locally common on the hills both north and south of the river. Asthena
luteata, common on the banks of the river. Acidalia fumata common.
Cabera pusaria frequent ; C. exanthemaria common. Scodiona belqiaria,
a few specimens; B. atomaria, everywhere. Bupalus piniaria, scarce
on account of the absence of Scotch fir on the ground worked. Lo-
maspilis marginata common_; Larentia ccesiata common ; L. salicata
very common on rocky ground, and extending far up the hills ; L.
viridaria, the usual pest. Emmelesia albulata common ; E. adcequata,
one of the commonest Geometers. Bupithecia pulchellata, pygmceata,
satyrata, var. callunaria, castigata, nanata, vulgata, were the only
"pugs" taken. Hypsipetes ruberata one; Melanthia ocellata very
common. Melanippe hastata, one worn specimen ; M. tristata common

A 2

4< [January,

and fine ; 31. sociata and montanata common. Coremia munitata, a
few ; C. designata, frequent ; and C ferrmjata common. Camptogramma
hilineata common. Cidaria corylata very abundant ; G. suffumata, a
few on the hills ; Q. silaceata. Tanaqra chcBrophyllata very common.

Scoparia atomalis common ; /S*. miwalis ; S. alpina, was most fre-
quent at a high elevation on Meal Ghaordie and also seen elsewhere.
Pyrausia ostrinalis common, and ascending the hills to a considerable
height ; although so common, it is not easy to forget this bright little
insect, which was quite a feature in some places over 2000 feet as it
flew in great numbers over the pretty pink-starred cushions of Silene
acaidis. Herhula cespitalis also common on the hill sides. Scapula
alpinalis* just coming out towards the end of the month in the same
localities as E. Epiphroii. Botys fuscalis abundant.

The " plumes " were represented by Platyptilia oclirodactyla,
Mimceseoptilus hipunctidacfyla, and Aciptilia tetradactyla.

Cramhus pratellus ; O. furcntellus, seen on one occasion only near
the top of Meal nan Tarmachan, where two examples were taken on a
very hot day ; C. inquinatellus very common locally ; C. lioj'tuellus.

Of the Tortrices ai)d Tinecs,! can do little more than give the names : — Tortrix
ribeana, viburnana, and ministrana. Amphisa Qemingana. Penthina pruniana,
Staintoniana, marginana. Sericoris irriguana, Daleana (metallicana) . Mixodia
Schulziana, common everywhere on the hills ; M. palustrana. Cnephasia politana
and musculana. Bactra lanceolana. Phoxopteryx unguicella, biarcuana, myrtillana.
and Lundana. GrapJiolitha subocellana and Penkleriana. Pcedisca bilunana,
Halonota Pflugiana and trigeminana. Dicrorampha plumbana. Catoptria ulice-
tana and cana. Euposcilia nana, angustana, and ciliella. Xanthosetia zcegana.
Conchylis straminea.

Tinea rusticella and cloacella. Lampronia rubiella. Incurvaria (Ehlmaniella.
Nemophora Schwarziella. Prays Ctirtisellus. Plutella cruciferarum. Pleurota
bicostella. Depressaria arenella. (Ecophora pseudospretella. Endi'osisfenestreUa.
Qlyphipteryx Thrasonella and Fischeriella. Argyresthia conjugella and sorhiella.
Qracillaria syringella. Gelechia longicornis, terrella, ericetella, proximella, tri-
parella. Coleophora Fabriciella and nigricella. SchrecJcensteinia festaliella.
Elachista atricomella, obscurella (?), albifrontella. Tischeria complanella. Hue-
culatrix aurimaculella (nigricomellaj.

Larvpe of many kinds were abundant, but these I neglected, and
thus no doubt lost the opportunity of adding some interesting species
to my list.

Uddingston, N.B. : October, 1896.

* Meyrick gives " Perth to Ross" as the range of this species ; it occurs, however, in Stir-
lingshire, Dumbartonshire, and the adjoining parts of Argyleshire.

1897.] 5

LIFE-HISTORY OF ARISTOTBLIA TETEAaONT:LLA, Stn.
BY EUSTACE E. BANKES, M.A., EE.S.

Seeking comfort from the well-worn adage, " Better late than
never," I will now proceed to put on record an interesting discovery
made between three and four years ago. On May 4th, 1893, 1 started
off on a long expedition to the saltmarsh in this district, where
Aristotelia tetragonella had been taken by the Eev. C. E. Digby and
myself in the previous year, as recorded in Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, vol.
iv, p. 46 (where in line 18 of my note I accidentally wrote "hind
margin" for "dorsal margin"), intent on making a thorough search
for the then unknown larva of this very local species which has never
yet been found outside England. After reaching and carefully sur-
veying the spot, I soon noticed some small plants of Qlaux maritima
looking brown and sickly, and at once felt pretty sure that the wished-
for prize was within my reach. Such proved to be the case, for in
due time from the larvae then secured about two dozen imagines were
bred from June 17th to July 4th. I also reared the moth in 1894,
though only three specimens of it which emerged July 13th to 30th
from larvae collected on May 19th, and again this year when a nice
series appeared, June 19th to July 10th, from larvae brought home on

May 12th.

LARVA.

The following description of the full-fed larva was mainly drawn
•up on May 6th, 1893, and slightly amplified on May 21st, 1894, and
May 13th, 1896. I follow such well-known writers as Messrs. Buckler
and Stainton, and Drs. Chapman and Wood in counting the head as
the first segment of the larva.

Length, 7'5— 8 mm. Greatest breadth, 1-1 — 1-2 mm.

Read polished, clear amber-yellow, much narrower than the prothoracic seg-
ment ; upper mouth-parts dark, but here and there showing orange-red ; ocelli
distinct, black, polished. Prothoracic segment yellowish-white, with a polished dark
brown dorsal plate, nearly straight on its anterior and semicircular on its posterior
margin, and divided across the centre into two equal parts by a yellowish-white line.
Body, which only narrows abruptly from the broad mesothoracic segment to the
head, but tapers gradually towards the anal extremity, is, with the exception above
mentioned, of a beautiful crimsonish coral-red : skin smooth and shining. The
interstices between the first four segments showing broadly and conspicuously
whitish as the larva crawls. On the anterior part of the sixth segment there is
above each side a conspicuous white spot, and in some individuals an oval dark internal
blotch, presumably representing embryo testes, shows distinctly through the back of
the ninth segment. Warts extremely small and inconspicuous, black and polished,
resembling black pin-points. There are no noticeable lines, though they are here

g [January,

and there just traceable in glimpses of a yellowish-white colour. Bristles pale, but
very short and inconspicuous. Anal segment yellowish- or reddish-white, with a
small blackish-brown polished plate. Ventral surface clear yellowish-white under
the first four and the last segments, but tinged with red under the intermediate
ones. Legs polished, horny, blackish, ringed with yellowish-white, somewhat paler
internally. Frolegs semitransparent watery-white, with the usual dark rings near
the extremities.

In its earlier stages the larva has the body clear shining amber-
yellow like the head ; it afterwards assumes a reddish tinge, which
gradually deepens and asserts itself more and more strongly as it
approaches maturity. In other respects the young much resembles
the full-fed larva, except that its black warts, though quite small, are
much more distinct.

The egg is probably laid on the stem of the food-plant, Qlaux
maritima, in June or July, and if, as seems likely, it hatches that
same year, the larva presumably, since there is no evidence of a second
brood, hibernates while very young ; at any rate, it is still quite small
in the spring when it proceeds to feed up. It certainly enters the
central stem close above the surface of the ground, and then burrows
downwards, completely hollowing out the subterranean portion of the
stem, and neatly ejecting its deep crimson-red frass through the
entrance hole, beside which it forms a small heap. It lives entirely
inside the hollow tube thus formed, and upon reaching the very base
of the stem whence the separate rootlets spring, it penetrates into one
of these and continues its downward course, hollowing it out as far as
it can go, and living in the gallery: it then retraces its steps back to
the base of the stem, and entering another rootlet treats it in a similar
manner. I have sometimes found the larva as much as four inches or
so below the surface, generally of course head downwards, but occa-
sionally, when it is retracing its steps and has found room to turn
round, in the reverse position : when extracted from its burrow it is
fairly stout, and by no means so slender as one would expect from its
habits. If one plant is not sufilcient, it readily moves to another and
begins work upon it in the same manner ; at first some of the leaves
of the infected plant turn brown, and gradually the whole plant
sickens and begins to die away. In confinement a few larvae, when
apparently unable to find the special parts they prefer, enter the growing
stems of the shoots even comparatively high above the ground, eating
out their contents and living in the hollow tubes thus formed, the frass
being ejected through holes near the upper ends of the mines. When
full-fed the larva leaves its burrow to seek a suitable spot for pupa-

1897.] 7

tiou : it is rather subject to the attacks of an ichneumon-fly which
has not yet been identified. In collecting the larvje, it is absolutely
necessary to carefully cut up a small deep sod round each infected
plant, and this is by no means easy in our locality for them, as the soil
largely consists of a very tough fibrous mass of generations of rush
roots, well saturated with water.

PUPA.

Descriptions of the pupa made on June 16th, 1893, and July 7th,
189i, agree with a later one made on June 8th, 1896, which last, being
rather more ample than the previous ones, is given below. The speci-
men described had assumed the pupal stage only a few days previously.

Length, 4 mm. Greatest breadth, I'l — 1'2 mm.

Rather long and thin, somewhat flattened dorsally and ventrally, and tapering
gradually towards the anal extremity. Skin smooth, polished, and shining : hairs
and bristles mostly short and inconspicuous. Eyes showing through as dark spots.
Antennal cases lying between, and of almost equal length with, the wing-cases.
Sead rather broad and rounded, blackish-brown above, paler beneath. Thoracic
segments orange-brown. Wing-cases orange-brown, reaching to the middle of the
sixth abdominal segment : round their extremities is seen, on the last segments over
which they project, a broad margin, noticeably paler than the ground-colour. Ab-
domen brownish-orange, with its third and following segments obscurely darker on
the dorsal surface anteriorly, the posterior margin of each being dingy orange
with no tinge of brown in it. Extremity of anal segment blackish, armed with
several orange-coloured hooked bristles. In both sexes the only " free " segments
are the fifth and sixth abdominal ones.

The pupa is enclosed in a neat elongate white silken cocoon
coated with sand, and spun on the surface of the soil or attached to
stems close to it ; in confinement the cocoon is sometimes spun against
the side of the flower-pot.

Dr. Chapman has kindly furnished me with a most careful and
detailed description of the pupa from the specialist's point of view,
but since it would be obviously out of place in a short notice, I must
forbear to reproduce it here.

It may be as well to mention that Mr. J. Hartley Durrant has
obligingly examined the neuration, &c., of the imago for me, and finds
that the species belongs not to Gelechia, Hb. (as now restricted), to
which genus it has been referred iu the original and subsequent notices
in this Magazine, but to Aristotelia, Hb., in which Mr. Meyrick has
rightly included it in his Handbook.

The Rectory, Corfe Castle :

November Uth, 1896.

§ [January,

GELECHIA (SITOTROGA) CEREALELLA, Oliv.
BY C. G. BAEEETT, F.E.S.

I am indebted to Mr. Charles Whitehead, of Barming House,
Maidstone, for an opportunity of studying this species in all its stages,
and although the subject may not be entirely novel, I think that some
details will be of interest. Mr. AVhitehead writes, " It is rather in-
teresting to corn growers and dealers that Gelechia cerealella comes
over from the United States of America in maize. The maize I have
simply swarms with it ; moths keep coming out, and I find the larvae
and pupae in the grains. I had it from the United States in June, and
from the end of that month the moths have been emerging. I presume
that it was infested when it came over, it could not have become so
here, as it has been in large glass-topped cases ; indeed, I have never
heard before of its doing any harm in granaries in Great Britain. It
is the " Augommois moth " which has done so much harm in France,
and is so destructive in many parts of the United States. There are
evidently two broods there at least. I have now traced it through all
its stages. I have to-day (October 27th) found three eggs o?i tvheat
among which I put moths a fortnight ago."

Some of these eggs, with larvae, pupae, and moths Mr. "Whitehead
has very kindly sent me. The eggs are ovate, a little wrinkled, yellowish
or pale yellow-brown, becoming in time more pinkish. They are thrust,
in a little group, into the tiny crevice which runs down the furrow of
the grain of wheat. Probably they are forced into the chaffy portion
at the base of a grain of maize.

The larva seems to be yellowish throughout. When full grown it is one-fourth
of an inch in length, excessively sluggish, with extremely small head partially with-
drawn into the second segment ; legs and prolegs minute and obscure, body thick,
excessively wrinkled ; segments deeply divided. Head pale yellowish, with a brown
spot on each lobe, and very small, darker brown jaws. Body, with the minute legs,
fatty-yellow, shining, devoid of markings. So stupidly inert as apparently to be fit
only to lie in a cavity of the grain and eat the starchy contents, packing away its
excrement in white granules in the cavity behind it. Probably it feeds in more than
one grain, but it liollows out all the softer portion, and if it leaves the grain, does so
by a small round hole which is closed by a round lid, of the skin not entirely re-
moved. Probably the same is done before pupation, whicli takes place in the larval
cavity, lined for this purpose with white silk.

The pupa is ovate and rather short, thickest across the base of the abdomen ; at
first pale yellow, unieolorous, so that the organs are not very perceptible, but after a
time these become more distinct, the head-cover bent down ; eyes dark and round,
placed almost underneath, the front of the head being produced forward and very
fully rounded ; limb cases well marked ; wing-covers very long, narrow, and ex-

1897.] 9

tending to witliin a short distance of tlio anal extremity ; all these portions light
brown, smooth, shining, and without sculpture ; segmental rings'yellowish, rounded
up rather fully ; anal segment extremely blunt ; cremaster broad, with short, widely
divergent points.

The pale yellowish moth is sufficiently well known to require no
description here ; the only exception to the monotony of its colour is
in the fronts of the anterior tibiae, which are dark smoky-brown ;
indeed, there are not many instances among the Lepidoptera of so
great constancy in colour from the egg to the perfect insect.

No alarm need, I think, be felt at the immigration of the insect

now noted ; it appears unable to maintain itself in our moist climate.

In my own experience the moth has been taken in plenty about the

granaries of the docks at King's Lynn, yet no instance of its spreading

abroad among the barns or grain stores of Norfolk was, so far as I can

ascertain, ever observed.

39, Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E. :
November tth, 1896.

TEN DAYS' COLLECTING (COLEOPTERA) AT BRANDON, SUFFOLK
BT CLAUDE MORLET, F.E.S.

On September 16th last, I met Mr. Ernest Elliott, E.I.Inst., who
came from the opposite direction, at Brandon Station, and we imme-
diately settled down to work the Coleopterous fauna of the district.
The weather during the second half of September was anything but
propitious for Entomology, being very wet and often cold, but, with the
elements thus against us, the appended condensed list will show that
deserted Suffolk (for who has collected here since Kirby's day, when
it was one of the most prolific of the English counties?), at least in
the N.W., can hold its own with most districts as far as Coleoptera
are concerned.

Licinns depressus, very sparingly, from Tlietford to Lakenheath, under stones
and upon the roads— upon the heath and in the fen — and never near chalk. Of
Anchomenus several species were taken : ^. ^raciVis, swept in the marshes at dusk,
and at the base of willows, with A. piceus, A.viduus,var. mass^w.?, and A.fuliginosus
(abundantly), amongst which latter one or two curiously convex, rufous varieties,
with dark legs and a strong basal depression on the elytra, occurred. Amara con-
sularis, rarely, under stones, with A. ftilva. Harpalus picipennis*' and, on the
sandhills at Lakenheath, many H. anxius. Oodes kelopioides, rare, at the base of
-willows, in the marshes. Calathus fuscus and flavipes, abundant, with a single

» This is, perhaps, the first British record of Harpalus piciiiennis aud //. anxius from a
inland locality. — G. C. C.

1Q [January,

Pterostichus versicolor, upon Thctford Warron and in the Lakenhcath sandpits.
Hydroporus granularis occurred in a ditch in Cliildenhall Fen, and Ochthehius
(Bratus in a pond at Elveden. Cercyon minutus and Fhilonthus micans were taken
from moss by the Little Ouse. Quedius semianeus and Q. lateralis, the latter in
fungi, with Autalia impressa, Homalota aterrima, and H. longicornis, and seven
others of the genus. Ocypus cupreus, brunnipes, and compressus, beneath stones,
occasionally. Stenus cicindel aides, hiiphthahnus, and pttsillus, and Jlomalium ccesum
(abundant), were obtained by sweeping, and <S. biguttatus and Stilicus orbiculatus
from beneath a piece of matting, with Falagria ohscura, at the base of a poplar,
in the fens. Microglossa nidicola, abundantly, upon one plant of Senecio Jacobaa
and LaLhrobium terminaium and brunnipes, at the base of willows. Great numbers
of Epipeda plana, and a few Prognatha quadricorne, were found under bark of
a prostrate aspen at Undle Hall. Micropeplus margaritce, common, at the bottom
of a bracken stack near Downham. Staphylinus stercorarius, Choleva Watsoni,
and other common carrion feeders were taken from dead rabbits. Exochomus
quadripustulatus was quite a pest, occurring everywhere, from the sandy, fir-planted
plateaux to the swampiest fens, and specimens showing fine variations of the
dorsal markings were secured. Olibrus pygmcBus, apuringlj, on Achillea millefolium,
and Phalacrus caricis, commonly, on reeds ; Coccinella hieroglyphica and Scymnus
capitatus were swept in the fir plantations. Only three species of Meligethes were
seen : the ubiquitous M. aneus and M. murimis, which was common on Echium
vulgare, with a few 31. obscuriis. All the Brachypteri were found in Linaria flowers.
A few Atomaria apicalis, and one or two A.fuscipes, occurred upon reeds. Abrmus
globosus was taken from moss on willows, and Hydnobius punctatissimushy s\reepmg
Teucrium on Session Heath.

Psammobius sulcicoUis was found, for the first time in Suffolk since Stephens'
record, under a stone on Thetford Warren. Very few species of Aphodii were seen :
A. porcus, two by Mr. Elliott, A. sordidus, and obliteratus, the two former on
Palmer's Heath, being the best — all in stercore ovino, with Onthophagus ovatus.
Geotrupes TyphcBus, sparingly, at Maidcross Hill. Cryptohypnus riparius, singly,
beneath willow bark, by the Little Ouse. Of Phytophaga a great number of species,
mostly of the commonest, were noticed. Bruchus cisti, common, on Cytisus
scoparius. Donacia bidens, one ( ? very late), swept in the marshes at dusk.
Chrysomela didymata, on thistles, at Lakenhcath, and C. distinguenda, fairly common,
on Trifolium, at Brandon. Oaleruca lineola was swept sparingly from Lythrum
salicaria, by the Wangford Drain, with many Aphthona lutescens and ceerulea and
Haltica oleracea, Thyamis gracilis, Psylliodes chalcomera,chrysocepkala, and picina
(seen) ; and in a ditch at Lakenhcath Mr. Elliott took Cassida equestris. Thyamis
fuscicollis and Phyllotreta melcBna (one $ ) also occurred. Apion was represented
by about eighteen species, of which A. Spencei, vorax, marchicum, tenue, confluens,
pomona, vicinum (common), &ndi fuscirostre (in great numbers upon Cytisus) were
the best. Orchestes ilicis, which I have always found rare in Suffolk, was swept
with Hylastes ater beneath pines, and Mecinus circulatus in the White Fen.
Cleonus sulcirosfris occurred in the sand-pits, and was also swept from Teucrium
scorodonia ; Trachyphlaeus scabriculus, Erirrhinus vorax and tortrix, were found
upon Populus tremula. Sitones grisetis was obtained very sparingly on broom at
Downham, and a ditcli at Lakenhcath, but it was net taken about the sand-hills ;

1897.] 11

S. humeralis and S. flavescens put in an appearance by promiscuous sweeping, as also
did Phytobius quadrituberculatus. Nanophyes lythri was abundant upon Lythrum,
and Oymnetron noctis in the flowers of Linaria vulgaris, but we failed to find the
rare O. linaricB, which Mr. C. Gr. Barrett took in the allotments here in 1871.* In
one field at Town Street we found two of Mr. J. J. Walker's capturesf— J5arw
abrotani, common at roots of Reseda lutea, and Ceiithorrhynchus asperifoliarum,
one only, at those of Echium vulgare, together with C. geographicus, in some
numbers. In all we noted just over three hundred species of Coleoptera between
September 16th and 26th, but could nowhere find the " Brandon Sandhills," the
nearest being at least two and half miles out of the town — at Wangford.

Everton House, Berners Street,

Ipswich : November, 1896.

WATER-BEETLES FROM THE ISLAND OP TONG^ATABU.
BT J. J. WALKER, R.N., F.L.S.

A few weeks ago my friend Dr. V. Gunson Thorpe, R.N.jF.R.M.S.,
Surgeon of my old ship, the " Penguin," during her second surveying
commission, kindly gave me a little tube containing some water-beetles
of two species, which he had taken in the island of Tongatabu (lat,
21° 5' S., long. 175° W.). This locality appearing to me to be of more
than ordinary interest, I submitted the insects to Dr. Sharp, who has
kindly determined the larger one as a form of Hydaticus Goryi, Aube,
the other being our well-known Bhantus pulverosics, Steph. This
latter species is of enormously wide distribution, its already known
range (cf. Sharp, Monogr. Dytiscidae, Trans. Royal Dublin Soc, vol. ii,
ser. 2, p. 609) extending from the South of England eastward through
Central and Southern Europe, North Africa, Mesopotamia, China,
Japan, and Java to Australia, New Caledonia, and New Zealand ; a
closely allied species, R. annectens, Sharp, having been described from
Samoa. It is, to say the least, somewhat startling to receive a British
water-beetle from an island on the opposite side of the globe, almost
in the centre of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Hydaticus Goryi is
recorded from Australia, New Caledonia, and Malasia. Dr. Thorpe
informs me that Tongatabu is a low island composed of upraised coral,
entirely destitute of streams or ponds, the only source of fresh water
being the rain, caught in tanks or pits, cut in the solid coral rocks by
the natives, and it was in these "catch-pits" that the beetles were
taken. They had communicated to the alcohol in which they were
preserved a pleasant scent, somewhat resembling that of orange-peel,
a scent I have noticed in some Chinese species of Hydaticus, but not
in any of our British DytiscidcB, so far as my experience goes.

23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness :
December 5th, 1896.

* cf. Ent. Animal, 1872, p. 42. f cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxii, pp. 86, 87.

1 2 [January,

OS PLAGITEMTSUS : A HAWAIIAX GENUS OF LONGICORN
^ COiE'OPr^iZ^.— SUPPLEMENT.

Br D. SHARP, M.A., F.E.S.

Since the previous descriptions of the species of PlagitTimysics
were written I have received from Dr. Gestro, of the Genoa Museum,
another distinct form, discovered by the distinguished Italian traveller.
Signer d'Albertis, upwards of twenty years ago.

Plagitiimysus Albeetisi, n. sp.

Gracilis, fusco-7'ufus, lirothorace femoribusque nigrieantihus. his basi tes-
taceo : elytris parum ornatis, sordide testaceis, undique dense punctatis, ad
suturam tantum obsoletius albido-lineatis, ante lineas vage fuscescentibus.

Long., 13 mm.

Of the form of P. varians, but distinguished by the vague coloration, which has
a peculiar faded appearance. Antennaj red. Head red, more or less suffused with
black. Thorax black above, dull, tlie usual bands of white pubescence excessively
indistinct though broad ; on each flank a definite, shining, impunctate space. Elytra
narrow, densely punctate, without any glabrous area ; close to the suture there may
be detected on each a very faint line of white pubescence, diverging before reaching
the base ; in the fork formed by the divergence of the two lines there is a more or
less indistinct dark area. Legs very long, tibiee obscure red, the posterior pair
coarsely hirsute.

West Honolulu ; February 25th, 1874. Signer d'Albertis,
Three male individuals. Some time ago another individual of the
species from the same source was sent to me to be named by Frere
Belon, of Lyons,

In the characters of Plagithmysus, given in the previous volume,
there is a serious verbal error : — on p. 238, line nine, the word " thick "
occurs twice ; the second occurrence is erroneous ; instead of " longer
than the basal thick part," it should run, "longer than the basal part."

Cambridge : December, 1896.

ON COCCUS AO AVIUM, Douglas.

BY R. NEAVSTEAD, F.E.S.

Coccus (Gymnococcus) aqavium, Doug.
I feel sure this interesting species should be placed in the genus
Ripersia ; but at the same time the highly chitinised antennae of seven
joints, and the somewhat unique structure of the anal ring are
abnormal ; I have not seen a similar structure in any Dactylopid
hitherto examined.

1897.]

13

It has no relation to Coccus, for in this latter the anal ring is
without hairs in amj stage (Cockerell must be mistaken in saying that
Coccus tomentosus has a setiferous anal ring). I have much pleasure
iu appending structural details, and also drawings.

? adult. Antenna (fig. 2) highly chitinous, with wide articulations ; 3rd joint
with a spine.

Mentum biarticulate.

Anal ring of six hairs (fig. 3), the chitinous
portions in three equal parts ; each separated
from the other ; the orifice never circular, but
crescent-shaped, as in the genus Coccus.

Legs short, chitinous, and scarcely longer
than the antennae ; tarsi longer than tibiae.

Dermis (fig. 4), above with numerous
short conical spines.

Anal lobes obsolete, in tlieir place a long
hair.

Larva clearly dactylopid.

Anal lobes obsolete ; indicated by hairs,
as in the adult. Antennae (fig. 1).

Anal ring as in the adult, but all the parts
proportionately smaller.

Dorsum with six rows of short conical spines, not truncate as in Coccus,

Grosvenor Museum, Chester :

November 26tk, 1896.

[I am disposed to agree with Mr. Newstead, and am always glad
to have my errors of commission and omission corrected. — J. W. D.]

The CEstrid of the Indian Elephant bred. — In the note on this subject which
appeared in this Magazine for September, 1896, p. 212, there is a mis-statement. As
a fact the larvae live in the stomach and intestines of their host, and pass out by the
latter. In Pharyngobolus they live in the throat. There are three different species
on the Elephant : —

1. Cobboldia elephantis, Cobb. Indian Elephant. Larva and imago known.

2. Cobboldia loxodontis. African Elephant. Larva known.

3. Pharyngobolus africanus, Br. Larva in the throat of the African Elephant, and

very different from those of the two former species, both of which live in the
stomach and intestines. Imago unknown.
— Fb. Beatjer, Vienna : December, 1896.

Lipoptena cervi, Linn., in Dorset. — I have just received specimens of this fly from
my friend J. C. Mansel Pleydell, Esq., taken on his estate at Whatcombe, Dorset, last
summer off the roe deer. The only other English captures were two specimens in

14 [January,

the New Forest by Mr. George Samouelle in September, 1821. One of these is in
my collection, the other in the National Collection at South Kensington. It is ad-
mirably figured in Curtis's British Entomology under the name of HcBtnohora
pallipes. Dr. B. White records its occurrence in Grlen Tilt in the Scottish Naturalist,
vol. iv, p. 185. An allied species, Hippohosca equina, Linn., occurs commonly in
the New Forest, but is not confined to it, as it is found as far west as Glanvillea
Wootton.— C. W. Dale, Glanvilles Wootton : December 10th, 1896,

Pt/cnoscelus indicus at Bognor. — Mr. Guermonprez has recently shown me a
specimen of Fanchlora {Pyoioscelus) indicus, Fab., taken at a house in Bognor. It
is a wide spread insect, being apparently indigenous to India and Ceylon, but is also
found in the United States and in Mexico. I am not aware that this species has
been before taken in this country, but possibly it may yet become naturalized like
80 many other cockroaches. — Malcolm Bukb, Bellagio, East Grinstead : December
llth, 1896.

Limnophilus elegans, C, at Rannoch. — My friend Mr. Wm. Eeid handed me
two specimens of Trichoptera which he had taken for me at Eannoch this year
during May in Carrie Wood ; these proved to be Neuronia ruficrus, Scop., and the
much rarer Limnophilus elegans, Curt. Of the latter he thinks that he saw more,
although he did not trouble about them, thinking that they might belong to a
common species. The capture of this latter species is of great interest, as it verifies
a record by Mr. McLachlan, who, in his " Trichoptera Britannica," says, " I saw
(but did not capture) a single specimen at the Black Forest, Rannoch." Probably
the reason why this sjjecies has eluded capture by Trichopterists at Rannoch is that
we do not visit the locality during the month of May, my own visits have hitherto
been during April and after the middle of June. — James J. F. X. King, 207, Sau-
chiehall Street, Glasgow : November, 1896.

Great abundance of Salesus guttatipennis. — Nearly a year ago (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
February, 1896, p. 41) I recorded the finding by my friend Mr. G. C. Dennis, of
York, of Halesus guttatipennis in profusion at Pickering, in North- East Yorkshire.
The species up to that time had been so exceedingly rare in Britain — only three
specimens having been recorded, and all taken singly — that I determined if possible
to visit the locality myself this autumn, to fill up my series, and also secure speci-
mens for all my Trichopterist friends. Mr. Dennis was at Pickering about October
20th, and found that the species was then out in large numbers ; but it was not
until the 28th that I was able to join him, and see its habits for myself. On that
morning I started off, although the previous night there had been keen frost, and the
ground was still perfectly white with it a great part of the journey from Huddersfield
to York, where I was joined by Mr. Dennis. We reached the ground at Pickering
about 11.30 a.m., by which time the sun fortunately was shining brightly, and we
soon found that my misgivings, owing to the frost, were quite groundless. Halesus
guttatipennis was seen to be flying freely (quite naturally, and without being dis-
turbed) in the sun, and settling on the bushes and hedgerow of hawthorn, on the
river side. The sun, however, very soon became overcast, and with it the flight of
the insect entirely ceased. Ou that account they were still easier to catch, as they

1867.]

15

became comparatively lethargic, and where the bushes could be beaten over an
umbrella they came out in numbers into it. Other bushes were searched, and the
insects were found settled on the twigs all over the bush, from close to the ground
(and even among the grass and rubbish under the bushes) to the topmost twigs.
From one particular hawthorn— a small one too— we must have boxed quite a
hundred specimens, probably more. With them occurred Chatopteryx villosa in
considerable numbers, and also a few Anabolia nervosa, but the last was evidently
nearly over.

The part of the river on which H. guttatipennis occurs in such profusion is
most ordinary in appearance, with no aquatic plants growing in it, and flowing
through meadows of grass, &c., and with only a few trees and bushes on its banks.
On one side (the side we alone worked), at a short distance from the water, a low
hawthorn hedge borders the footpath, and nearer the water a few isolated hawthorn
and alder bushes. The hawthorns seemed to be the greatest attraction to the Tri-
choptera, probably, however, because they afforded the best shelter. Both Mr. Dennis
and myself had soon boxed as many specimens as we felt disposed to set, and we left
the ground about 3.30 p.m.

Some of my captures were not killed for several days, and on November 1st I
was greatly astonished to find in one of the boxes a male H. guttatipennis paired
with a female C. villosa ; the pairing lasted to ray knowledge for some hours, and
probably for a still considerably longer period. The time when H. guttatipennis is
"out" is apparently from the middle of October to the middle of November.— Geo.
T. POERITT, Crosland Hall, Huddersfield : November 11th, 1896.

Female of Megalocercea erratica dimorphic— Mr. W. Chaney, of Woodside,
South Norwood, has lately sent me some S and ? examples of a Jfe^aZocer^a, calling
my attention to the short legs and antennse of the females, and pointing out that
although the specimens of this sex looked very different from those of erratica, the
males taken in the same locality were apparently identical with the typical form of
that species. Had I received the females only, I should certainly have thought they
were specifically distinct. The basal joint of the antennae is very little longer than
the pronotura, the rest of the antennse is distinctly shorter than in the typical ? ,
and all the legs are considerably shorter and stouter ; in colour this form agrees
with the var. ockracea, Fieb., but I cannot find that either Fieber or Keuter mentions
the shorter limbs as characteristic of the variety. The males taken with these
females are, as Mr. Chaney says, to all appearances typical erratica. The specimens
■were found in a marshy place near Woodside on September 4.th, 1895 ; and Mr.
Chaney writes, " it was then just coming out commonly, many of the specimens
being immature ;" he also says that a day or two later his son brought him specimens
of the same form from the chalk hills near Caterham ; so that it would appear not
to be particular as to its style of locality. It is a form which I do not appear to
have met with myself, but it is one which might be easily overlooked in the field.—
Edward Saunders, St. Ann's, Woking : December Uh, 1896.

Albinic aberration of Dichrorampha senectana, Gn.— On June 3rd of the present
year I was fortunate in taking on the Isle of Purbeck (Dorset) coast a beautiful

10 [Jiinuiu-i',

male albino of the rare and extremely local Dichrorampha senectana, G-n. The
antennae, palpi, head, thorax and abdomen are creamy-white, the antennae being
ringed with fuscous. The fore-wings are glossy creamy-white, inclining to pale
grey towards the costa and termen, thickly irrorated for the most part with pale
ochreous scales ; the ordinary pale costal geminations, as well as all the usual
metallic-leaden bars and the transverse lines, together with the indications of the
dorsal blotch, are clear shining white; the terminal black dots are only just traceable ;
the cilia are white, with the base narrowly, and the apical portion broadly, fuscous.
The hind-wings are glossy whitish ; the cilia white, with the basal and apical portions
pale fuscous. The under-sides of tlie wings, the legs, and other parts of the insect
are all proportionately pale. It is by far the most extreme form that I have ever
seen of any species of Dichrorampha. — Etjstacb E. Bankbs, The Rectory, Corfu
Castle : November ISth, 1896.

[A somewhat similar aberration of another species of this genus, labelled
" England, Knaggs," stood in Zeller's series of plumbagana, Tr. It is, however, cer-
tainly not that species, the shape of the termen being quite different, and it must bo
an aberration of either petiverella, L., or qucBstionana, Z. It is very palo, shining,
whitish-ochreous, almost cream-coloured, and the hind-wings are still paler, the head
and thorax are perhaps slightly darker than the fore- wings, and the abdomen is pale
wliitish-cinereous. The dorsal blotch on the fore-wings is pale buff, and the two
ante-apical metallic costal streaks of the typical form ai-e very indistinctly indicated
by a darkening of the ground-colour, three very pale cinereous spots represent the
normal dark black terminal spots, the usual black spots preceding the dorsal blotch
being still less distinct, and the other markings are not apparent ; the cilia are
shining white.

In considering this specimen to be a form of qucBslionana rather than of peti-
verella, I am guided by the shape of the dorsal blotch and by the direction and
position of the ante-apical costal streaks, but I have long been doubtful to which
species it should be referred. The specimen is a J , and is now in Lord Walsing-
ham's collection. — John Hartley Dubeant].

Caradrina ambigua, Fb., in the Isle of Purbeck. — I am pleased to be able to
record the occurrence in the Isle of Purbeck, S. E. Dorset, of the very local Cara-
drina ambigua, Fb., which has already been found both in Hampshire (Isle of Wight)
to the east and in Devonshire to the west of this county. A beautiful specimen,
captured near Swanage in the summer of 1892, has recently been received for iden-
tification from Mr. Percy M. Bright, and another, taken in the same neighbourhood
about the end of August of the present year, was discovered by me when looking
through Mr. Frederick Whitehead's captures last month. I am not aware that this
species has been met with in Cornwall as yet, though it very probably exists there,
but it has certainly occurred, and in a few localities pretty freely, in every other
county on the south coast of England, and seems on this side of the channel to be
especially attaclied to the actual coast line. — Id. : December 1th, 1896.

Zeiigophora fiavicollis, Marsh, at Colchester. — While beating for larvae I was
agreeably surprised to find a specimen of this rare beetle in my umbrella, and by

1S!)7.] 17

visiting the spot frequently I met with several othei's ; but it seems to be a very
scarce species, and I could find it nowliere else in the district, though I looked for it
in all directions where the conditions seemed favourable.* — Beknap.d S. Harwood,
Colchester: November 20th, IS9G

Saprinus cp.neus, F., and immundus, Gyll- — While collecting Coleoptera last
August at Deal, I met with eight examples of a Saprinus in a small piece of dung
on the sand-hills. An examination at the time led me to I'efer them to "S. aeneus, F.
I have just been looking at them more critically, and find among them some speci-
mens having the characters of immundus, Gryll., others with those of cBneus, P., and
yet others which are intermediate between them.

From the circumstances in which these specimens were found, there is a strong
presumption that they are all one species ; and although I have no doubt that S.
ceneus and immundus are good and distinct species, and that these must probably be
referred to the latter, it appears to me that none of the characters given in our
books will serve to separate them satisfactorily.

Let us examine the characters given by one or two authors : — Fairmaire and
Laboulbene (Faune de France, p. 276), who copy from Marseul (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1853, p. 462), make the junction of the fourth dorsal stria with the sutural stria
(««eM.s), or the reverse {immundus), the great point. Acloque (Faune de France,
p. 252) agrees witli Fairmaire, but makes a strong feature of the entire absence of
the third dorsal stria in immundus. Cox (Handbook Col. Brit., vol. i, p. 419) appears
to have copied Fairmaire as regards the junction of the stria;, but makes immundus
a dull, and eeneus a very shiny, insect. (Fairmaire says of immundus, "assez luisant ").
Fowler (Col. Brit., vol. iii, p. 210) makes the principal distinction lie in the shiny
space on the elytra being comparatively large outside the fourth dorsal stria {ceneus),
or the reverse {immundus^, and says the latter may be easily distinguished from
ceneus by its darker and less metallic colour, and by the much closer punctuation of
the elytra. He, however, says no reliance can be placed on the absence or presence
of the junction between the fourth and sutural strife.

Now, in the eight examples referred to, the fourth stria is sometimes joined to
the sutui'al stria, and sometimes free. The third stria is indicated in some, and
totally wanting in others. The anjount of the punctuation outside the fourth stria
is very variable, making the smooth space outside the stria as long as, or much less
than, that within. Nor is the colour constant, though they are all much less dull
than examples sent me by Mr. J. J. Walker from Yarmouth. On the other hand,
they have none of them the brassy lustre of ceneus taken in the London distinct.

I believe Canon Fowler has alluded to this difiiculty before in the Ent. Mo.
Mag., but I am unable to give the reference. The hope that some Coleopterist who
has studied the genus may be able to give some constant character to separate these
species induces me to again call attention to the subject. — E. A. Newbery, 12,
Churchill Eoad, Dartmouth Park, N.W. : November l&th, 1896.

[The note in the Ent. Mo. Mag., referred to by Mr. Newbery, will be found in
vol. xvi, p. 275 ; I do not there speak of any difiiculty in distinguishing the species
which appear to be quite distinct, but merely refer to the untrustworthiness of the
characters drawn from the sutural strise ; S. immundus is a darker and less metallic

* I found tliis in.sect in abmiduiicf uu ynuiig uspeiis at Mendel in tbe Au.stvian Tyrol in 3\i\y
last.— G. C. 0.

1 V{ Mantiair,

insect, and though certainly " assez luisant" compared with many insects, is of a
duller appearance than 5. csneus, owing to the closer punctuation, which covers a
larger part of tlie elytra than in the latter species ; the small shining space outside
the dorsal stria in 5. immundus compared with the larger space in -S. feneus, is an
almost infallible character, but, in the rare cases of intermediate specimens, it will be
found that the teeth of the tibiae will often afford a good character, as, in fresh
specimens, they are distinctly larger in S. immundus ; considerable abnormalities,
however, in the teeth of the tibia of the Risterida are not uncommon, and occa-
sionally they appear to get partially, if not altogether, worn away ; it must be
admitted that in several of tlie species considerable difficulty is likely to arise if one
character only is considered ; although by taking all the characters into account, it
is usually quite easj- to distinguish the species. — W. W. F.]

Hypera tigrina, S^c, at Dover. — It may interest Coleopterists to hear that
Hypera tigrina may still be taken in its old locality at the top of the cliffs east of
Dover. I captured three fine specimens last August, on wild carrot. At the roots
of the same plant, Harpalus parallelus (?), sabnlicola, &c., occurred. Olibrus
parliceps was obtained by sweeping only the chalk downs.

By sweeping Lotu/s, &c., on the Folkestone Road, Apion subitlatum and Waltoni
were found, while a patch of Onobrychls near St. Radegund's yielded Apion live-
scerum and Jiavimanuin, and a single specimen of Gymnetron labile. — Id.

Coleopfera in the Cardiff district. — The past season has been by no means an
unprofitable one, and particularly marked by abundance of individuals in many good
species. In the early spring I can record a few specimens of Evcesthetus scaber,
TrogopMceus pusillus, Homalium planum and iopterum, and Coryphium. For a short
time towards the end of May a Mallhodes, which seems likely to turn out nigellus,
was abundant on tlie banks of the Taff, where Hyperaspis, Uydroporus septentrio-
nalis, and Limonius cylindricus also occurred. A month later the dry bed of the
river was alive with Bembids, the commonest by far being B. prasinum, punctulatum,
and testaceum ; B. decorum, tibiale,femoratum, and concinnum also occurred, but I
did not get atrocaruleum, which was found last yeai*. Other collecting yielded
Mordellistena abdomiiialis (1), Choragus Sheppardi (I), Mycetophagus atomarius,
JEncephahis complicans, Phyllotreta sinuata, P. crucifercB (a pest on turnips this
summer), and Lissodema i-puxtulattim (1). Autumn collecting has produced single
specimens of Lehia chlorocep/iala, Apteropeda globosa, Chrysomela didymata, and
Pseudopsis sulcata ; fungi have been swarming with Gyrophcena Iftvipennis, and in
a bit of marshy ground Longitarsus ochroleucus was plentiful, with a few Hippuri-
phila Modeeri and Aphthona atroccBrulea. Aphodius parous was common in
October. — B. Tomlin, The Green, Llandaff : December lOth, 1896.

Coleoptera in the Hastings district. — The following are among the most note-
worthy Coleoptera taken in the Hastings district during a fairly successful season : —
Gyrinus distinctus and Suffriani in ditches, on the " saltings," in January, and at
Winchclsea, in July ; Haliplus obliquus and Cnemidotus impressus, singly, in the
saltings; Dichirotrichus ob.toletus, sparingly, under stones near the beach ; Uydro-
porus vittula and dorsalis, fairly abundant, in a pond at Evvhurst. Gyrinus urinator,
about twenty, by netting the lower part of submerged posts in the river Rother, in

1S97.J ] 9

January ; two were also taken on the surface in May, but. none have appeared tliis
summer. AxinotarsKS jmlicarius, a single specimen, at Winchelsea, near which
place were taken Abdera hifasciata (1) and Lissodema Ai-pustulatum, in June ; the
same day I took, within a square half mile, about twenty Coccidnla scutellata, by
beating sedges and sweeping the surface of the water, a dozen Donacia cinerea, and
about as many D. braccata ; I afterwards took about two dozen more D. cinerea, by
picking them off the reeds just at dusk. With the C. scutellata I got a stray
Choragus Sheppardi, one Hypera Julinii, two Eubrydilus velatus, four Phiftobius
notula, and one P. Waltoni ; a dozen or more of the last named were swept from
Polygonum amphihium at Ewhurst, with one Rhinonciis inconspectus. From an old
hedge at Ewhurst I got several each of Acalles turbatus, Pogonocharus dentatus,
Apion pubescens (from willow), Tetratoma ancora (1), Clinocara minor (1), and a
couple of the Homopteron, Issus coleoptratus. By sweeping on a railway bank a good
many Cryptocephalus morcei and Centhorrhynchidius Chevrolati, Orche.ifes pra-
tensis (6), and Conopalpus testaceus (1) wei-e obtained, with several (Edemera lurida,
a few Mordellistena pumila, eight Cassida obsoleta, and one C. hemisphaerica. In
the Eastbourne district, a few Cryptocephalus bilineatus, and one Aphanisticus
pusillus occurred in an old chalk quarry, and from ditches I got a number of Scirtes
orbicularis, about thirty Laccophilus variegatus, and one Bagous nodulosiis, with a
good many Donacia dentata and bidens, in July, and in September four L. varie-
gatus and nine Hydrophllus piceus, one of which had apparently just recently
emerged, as its elytra were quite soft. Athous difformis, which used to be so local,
seems to be spreading, as I have taken it in fair numbers at places so far apart as
Winchelsea and Ewhurst.— W. W. Esam, Eagle House, St. Leonards: November
13th, 1896.

Xantholinns distans, Kr., in Caithness. — In the month of August, 1892, I took
a few examples of a Xantholinns amongst loose stones in a stone heap on the cliff,
east of Tliurso. At the time I thought they were immature specimens of the com-
moner kinds. On examining them at home afterwards, I came to the conclusion
they might possibly be the rare X. distans, Kr., and placed them under this species in
my collection. Lately, through the kindness of Mr. J. J. Walker, who has compared
them with an example from Loch Callater in Mr. Champion's collection, they have
been identified as true X. distans. If I remember correctly, the species was not at
all uncommon in the stone heap.

I should also like to take the opportunity of correcting a mistake in my list of
Coleoptera from the Thurso district, given in Vol. xxix of the Ent. Mo. Mag., p. 14"i.
In that list, Tachinus pallipes must be removed, and the name Tachinus proximus
substituted for it. The specimens of this last species were very variable, but all, I
think, undoubted T. proximus. — Alfred Thornley, South Leverton Vicarage,
Lincoln : December, 1896.

ituarir.

Arthur Dowsett, F.Z.S., F.E.S., died somewhat suddenly at his residence at
Reading on November 6th, aged 60. He was widely known as a Naturalist in the
fullest sense of the term, and had amassed large ornithological and entomological

20 [JannJiry,

collections. He was one of the founders of the Feading Natural History Society,
and had been its President since 1882. His decease will be greatly mourned by a
large circle of friends, to whom his habitual courtesy and wide knowledge had much
endeared him. But nowhere can his loss be more deeply felt than at the town in
which he had so long resided, and by the Members of the Society over whose affairs
he had so long presided. He was elected a Fellow of the Entomological Society of
London in 1874, and of the Zoological Society in 1876.

Societies.

Birmingham Entomological Society : Ocioler I2th, 1896. — Mr. E. C.
Bradley in the Chair.

Mr. Bradley exhibited a specimen of Antithesia salicella arranged in a natural
position of rest on an oak leaf, to show its striking resemblance to a bird excretion.
Mr. W. Harrison, six females of Lasius umbratus, taken in Edgbaston, only about
one and a half miles from tiie centre of Birmingham. This capture was all the
more remarkable as Mr. Martineau had never met with the species in the Midlands ;
and although it was not usually uncommon, yet he did not know of any other local
record for it. Also a specimen of Vanessa L-album which had been taken by Mr.
B. May, of Moseley, about the year 1877, at rest on a tree trunk at Henley, in
Arden. The capture was somewhat discredited at the time, but there does not seem
to be the slightest reason for doubting its genuineness. Mr. May has long since
given up Entomology and parted with all his collections, excepting this one specimen.
Mr. Harrison also showed a continental specimen for comparison ; that from Henley
was decidedly smaller and darker. Mr. A. H. Martineau, an imago and full
grown larva of Ammophila sabulusa obtained under the following singular conditions.
His brother w^atched the wasp engaged in burrowing, at Newquay ; after he had seen
it make its hole, fetch a larva and store it in the hole, lay an egg with it and then
fill up the hole, he caught the wasp and dug up the larva, which was a fat green
Noctua, and placed them together in a match box, where he left them and forgot
them. Some time afterwards, chancing to open the box, he found the wasp, but the
Hoctua larva had quite disappeared, and in its place was a full-grown wasp larva,
which had hatched and developed under these uncongenial conditions. — Colbran
J. Wainwright, Hon. Secretary.

Cambridge Entomological and Natural History Society: November
13<A, 1896.— Dr. Sharp, President, in the Chair.

Mr. Fleet exhibited a copy of the first number of a work by Thomas Denny,
entitled, " Illustrations of Lepidopterous Insects found in the vicinity of Cambridge."
It contained several coloured plates, and was printed and published at Cambridge,
but bore no date. Also some specimens of Zygcena exulans from Braemar and
Noctua sohrina from Eannoch. Mr. R. Farren, some "Jumping Beans;" the
" Bean " is the seed of a Mexican euphorbiaceous plant inhabited by a Tortrix larva,
whose movements cause the seeds to roll about and even to make short jumps.

iHtt;.

21

Mr. Rickard, some British beeUes and a common earwig with very long " forceps."
This latter gave rise to some discussion on the wings and flight of this insect, Dr.
Sharp expressing the opinion that it seldom resorts to flight. — C. J. Wilkinson,
Hon. Secretary.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society:
November 12tk, 1896.— T. W. Hall, Esq., F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. R. Adkin exhibited long and varied series of Acidalia marcjinepunctala in
illustration of his paper. Colonel Partridge, two dwarf red bred specimens of a
second brood of A. trilinearia, from Epping Forest. The annulated spots, which
appear in the other members of the genus, were developed in these examples. Mr.
Tutt had seen some of Mr. Merrifield's specimens bred under abnormal temperature,
and they closely resembled these in the spots and colour. Mr. Auld, a specimen of
Zygctna lonicerce, from Chattenden, witii semi-diaphanous under-wings in part.
Mr. Lucas, specimens of Periplaneta australasice, from Kew Gardens and Bishop's
Waltham, consisting of males, females and immature (wingless) examples, and said
that the females had the yellow ring to the pronotum wider than in the male. Mr.
Tutt, (1) specimens of Orrhodia vaccinii, very close in their coloration to &h. glabra
of O. erylhrocephala ; (2) a series of Zygcena exulan.i, from Le Lauteret, the smallest
from about 9000 feet elevation, where the herbage was sparse, the larger were from 7000
to 8000 feet elevation ; (3) two specimens of Lithosia lutarella, of the deep yellow form
found all over the high Alps ; they were seen assembling in large numbers one very
damp morning, in company with Acidal ia flaveolaria and CJeogene latearia ; (4) both
sexes of Acidalia ochrata, and stated that our British species is the perochraria of
Stephens ; (5) a series of the very beautiful Psecadia pusiella, a Tineid found in
abundance at La Grave, and looking much like a large form of Cerostoma .lequella.
Mr. Barrett, on behalf of Mr. Day, of Cheshire, a series of forms of Tephrosia
biundularia taken in March and May ; also, a very fine series of the Unst forms of
Noc-tua /estiva, sent to him by Mr. J. J. F. X. King. Mr. Tunaley stated that he
had frequently found late T. crepuscularia at the same time as early T. biundularia,
in Sutton Park, Birmingham. Mr. R. Adkin read a paper, entitled, "Notes on the
occurrence of Acidalia marginepunctata, and observations on the early stages of the
second brood of Cyaniris {Lycand) argiolus." A discussion took place, Messrs.
Tunaley, Tutt, Mansbridge and Barrett taking part, all bearing testimony to the
value of Mr. Adkin's close observation of the latter species.

November 26th, 1896.— C. G. Barrett, Esq., F.E.S., Vice-President, in the
Chair.

Mr. Barnett, of Royal Hill, Greenwich, was elected a Member.

The Meeting was devoted to a special exhibition of varieties, and was largely
attended.

Mr. Mansbridge showed series of Abraxas grossulariata, including the Leeds
smoky forms ; of Folia chi, including var. suffusa and v. olivacea, with the beautiful
West Riding form ; and of Eibernia aurantiaria, with many melanic forms. Mr.
Oldham, Brenthis (Argynni.i) Euphrosyne with few markings on upper wings in
contrast to well marked hind-wings ; a xanthic Epinephele Janira and putty coloured

22 [January,

and jellow females of OdonesHs potatoria. Mr. Adkiii, tlie various forms of Boarmia
7'epandata, Camptogramma bilineata (including black Irish specimens), B. cinctaria
and Thera juniperata, with beautiful specimens of Cidaria corylata, v. alhocrenata,
Abraxas grossulariata, black Acidalia marginepunctata, black-banded EuboHa
bipunctaria, banded Anaitis plagiata and unicolorous Ematurga atomaria.
Mr. Mitchell, specimens of Saturnia panonia (carpini). — (1) dark female; (2)
gynandromorphous form bred from Wicken, and un example of Chrysophanus Phlaas
with the large and elongate spots nearly forming a band. Mr. Dollman, a series
showing the variation of O. potatoria ; a dwarf Anthocharis cardamines, and an
example of the same species with the dark tips of the primaries suffused and
extending inwards. Mr. Ashdown, a series of Coccinella hieroglyphica varying from
entirely testaceous, through spotted forms to entirely black, all from Oxshott. Mr.
Barrett, series of the following species from very many localities : — Melanippe
hastata, M. tristaia, M.Jluetuata, Boarmia repandata (including some very fine black
forms), Eupithecia togata (including the very dwarf race), E. extensaria, E.
sobrinala and E. Sterensata. Mr. Auld, the first known bred British Callimorpha
Hera, v. Ititescens, series of Spilosoma luhricipeda, with its v. zatima and v.

Jasfiata, together with a number of intermediate forms ; a broad banded A.
plagiata ; and vars. of Dicycla oo, Abraxas tirticte (without dorsal spots), and
Lomaspilis marginata. Mr. Levett, vars. of Callimorpha dominula, bred, from
Deal, three of which were the yellow form. Mr. Mera, three vars. of Arctia Caja ;
(1) with iinier half of fore-wings almost completely white ; (2) witli white markings
of fore-wings only slightly indicated ; (3) white almost covering fore-wings and black
on hind-wings much diminished ; a Cidaria silaceaia, pale brown with paler lines,
reminding one of C. reticulata ; Hadena thalassina with absence of usual markings
and of almost uniform smoky-grey ; an Arctia villica with smoky hind-wings, and
one with black suffused over all the wings j and a Brenthis {Arggnnis) Euphrasy ne,
with confluent spots across the centre of both wings. Mr. Turner, the most
distinctive forms of Hibernia leucophearia, Gnophos obscuraria and Oporabia
dilutaria ; a Canonympha Typhon, wth a series of well developed ocellations and a
large white patch on the upper-side of the hind- wing, from Carlisle ; and on behalf
of Mr. Wilkinson, of Carlisle, a very variable series of Melitcea Aurinia {artemis),
including several good aberrations. Mr. H. Moore, Exotic Orthoptera, including
(1) Locusta peregrina, from several localities, showing great variation in density of
colour ; (2) Fachytylus migratorius, v. cinerascens ; (3) a long series of (Edipoda

fasciata, from many places, and varying with the soil upon which it rests ; and some
ten species of American (Edipodidcs. Mr. T. W. Hall, conspicuous varieties of
the following species -.—Arctia Caja (one with almost black secondaries) ; Spilosoma
lubricepeda (one of v. zatima, taken at Wicken) ; Sesia culiciformis (yellow banded) ;
Folia xanthomista (v. statices) ; Demas coryli (banded) ; Mamestra persicariee
(unicolorous black) ; Xylina conspicillaris, and many other species. Mr. Frohawk,
his grand scries of under-sides of Enodia (Epinephele) hyperanthus, varying from
extreme v. Arete to the beautiful v. lanceolata, and vars. of Papilio Machaon,
including a very dark tawny form bred from Wicken. Mr. Tutt, his specimens of
Melampias Melanipits and M. Pharte upon whicli he bases his opinion that they are
only forms of one species, and his series of the hitherto supposed distinct Canonympha
Iphis and C. satyrion. Mr. Dawson, a dark male of I)ryas (Argynnis) Paphia,

18ii7.] 23

somewhat approaching v. valezina of the fL'inale ; Shetland forms of Camplogramma
hilineata; a var. Schinidlii of C//rj/soj>kaiius Phlaas; ami a Tceniocampa incerta
with much intensified transverse lines. — Hy. J. Tukneu, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London: Nore'nber ISth, 1890. — Professor
Raphael Meldola, F.R.S., President, in the Cliair.

Mr. Malcolm Burr, of " Bellagio," East Grinstead, Sussex ; Mr. Gr. H. Q-alo, of
the Public Works Department, Hong Kong; and Mr. A. E. Wileman, of the British
Consular Service, Yokohama, Japan ; were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. Tutt exhibited a series of the oelireous form of Tephrosia bistortata, Goetze,
known as ab. ahiefaria, Haw., captured by Mr Mason in March, 1895 and 1895,
near Clevedon, Somerset; also a series of the second brooil of the same species (ab.
consonaria, St.), bred from ova laid by the Clevedon specimens. He also exhibited
a series of Tephrosia crepu.srtdaria, Hb. {blundularia, Esp.), taken by Dr. H. Corbett
at Doncaster ; a peculiar variety of Hipparchia Semele, captured by Mr. H. S.
Clarke near Ramsey, Isle of Man ; also a series of Pluaia bractea bred from ova
laid in July last. The eggs and larvse have been sui>jected to forcing treatment,
with the result that the moths emerged in October. Mr. Tutt also exhibited a very
dark specimen of Polia chi ab. oliracea, captured at Meldon Park, Morpeth, by
Mr. Finlay. Dr. Sharp called attention to Mr. Ernest Green's plates of the
CoccidcB of Ceylon, which were exhibited on a screen in the room, and said that he
was inclined to consider the Coccidee as a distinct order of Insects, but at present
the evidence was liardly sufficient to warrant this. He asked Mr. Green if he could
give him any information with regard to tlie development of the wings in the male.
Mr. Green said that in the males of the Coccidre the wings first appeared in the
penultimate stage as small projections on the sides of the tliorax. These wing-pads
grew to a certain extent without any further ecdysis. Though the insect was then
quite inactive, and took no food during the stage, the rudimentary wings and legs
wore free from the body, and were capable of some slight movement. After the
final ecdysis the wings of the imago were fully expanded, and assumed their natural
position before the insect left the sac, or puparium, in which the resting stage had
been passed. Mr. McLachlan and others continued the discussion. Mr. Bethune-
Baker exhibited a yellow spider from Orotava, which was of the exact colour of the
flowers it usually rested upon, and which had been observed to catch Vanessce
which settled on these flowers. Mr. Barrett said he had noticed a spider with the
same habit on the Ox-Eye Daisy in Surrey. Mr. Bethune-Baker also exhibited a
very curious dark variety of Arctia Caja, bred by Mr. Moore. Professor Meldola
stated that it had been of late found difficult to store bristles in the City owing to
the ravages of a moth, of which he exhibited living specimens of the larvse and
pupae. Mr. Barrett said that the moth was Tinea biseJlieUa. Mr. Blandford stated
that the bisulphide of carbon treatment might be found to be of advantage if it
were practicable, but more would have to be ascertained with regard to the extent
and character of the ravages before anything could be determined upon. Mr.
Merrifield, Mr. Green, and others took part in the discussion which followed.
Mr. Blandford called attention to the use of formalin as a preventive of mould,
and said that it would probably be found of use in insect collections ; an object
once sprayed with this substance never became mouldy afterwards. Professor

2-i [January. IS'.tT.

Meldola said that formalin was another name for a solution of formic aldehyde : it
is now used in the colour industry, and is, therefore, produced on a large scale.
Mr. Newstead communicated a paper, entitled, " Xew CoccidcB collected by the KeT.
A. E. Eaton in Algeria." — H. Goss and W. W. Fowleb, Hon. Secretaries.

December 2nd, 1896.— Dr. David Sharp, M.A., F.R.S., Vice-President, in
the Chair.

Dr. Sharp exhibited the series of Longicorn CoJeoptera of the genus
Plagithmysus from the Hawaiian Islands, of which a pi-eliminary account had
recently been given by him elsewhere. He said that these examples were the result
of Mr. Perkins' work for the Sandwich Island Committee, and afforded a fair
sample of his success in the other Orders, which would be found to have completely
revolutionized our knowledge of the entomological fauna of these islands. He
stated that Mr Meyrick had recently informed him that the Geometridce would '.
increased from six species to forty-four, and that the genus Plagilhniyftus showed an
almost equal increase ; and that the working out of tlie specimens was very difficult,
owing to the variability of the species and to their being closely allied. Mr.
Malcolm Burr exhibited a specimen of a cockroach, Pycnoxcelus indicun, Fabr., taken
in a house at Bognor, Sussex. He said this was the first record of the occurrence
of the species in England. According to De Saussure, it was distributed throughout
India, Ceylon, Mexico, and the United States. Mr. P. Crowley, a remarkable
variety of Abraxas grossulariata taken in a garden at Croydon last summer. Mr.
Tutt, some Micro- Lepidop'tera from the Dauphine Alps. Several specimens of
Psecadia pusiella, Rom., showing considerable difference in the width of the black
zigzag band crossing the centre of the fore-wings longitudinally. The species was
taken at La Grave, in a gully at the back of the village. A large number of
specimens were secured, chiefly resting on the trunks and branches of two or three
ash and willow trees growing on the bank at the side of tlie gully. A few specimens ,
however, were obtained drying their wings on the grass on the bank, but Mr. Tutt
stated that he failed to find pupa-cases. The captures were all made on the
mornings of August 7th and 8th. In spite of the striking conspicuousncss of the
insect when set out for the cabinet, it was by no means easy to detect at first on the
tree trunks. Mr. Tutt also exhibited specimens of a " plume " which had been
named Leioptilus (Alucita) scarodactyla. It was exceedingly abundant on the
Artemisia growing on the roadside just below La Grave. There could be little
doubt, he thought, from the habits of the insect, that the Artemisia had been its
food-plant. He also exhibited specimens, from Le Lautaret, of Sericoris rivulana,
Oelechia spuriella, Sophronia semicoxtetla, Pleurota 2^i/''0]>ella, CEcophora stipelLi,
and B utal is fallacel la. The latter were chiefly interesting from the fact that they
were taken at an elevation of about 8,000 feet. Lord Walsingham made some
remarks on the specimens. Lord Walsingham read a paper, entitled, " Western
Equatorial African Micro- Lepidoptera." A discussion ensued, in which Dr. Sharp,
Herr Jacoby, and others, took part. — H. Goss, Hon. Secretary.

Committee of the Entomologioai, Society of London foe the Pro-
tection OF British Lepidoptera — At a Meeting held on November 25t]i, it was
resolved to invite the co-operation of local Societies throughout the L^nited Kingdom,
and to ask them to furnish information as to proceedings likely to cause the extermi-
nation of local species of Lepidoptera. Communications will be received by the Hon.
Secretary. — Chas. G. Barrett, 39, Linden Grove, Nunhcad, S.E.

February, l.SiiT.] 25

OCCURRENCE IN IRELAND OP PLATYPTILlA TES SUE A DACTYL A,
L., == FISCHERI, Zell.

BY C. G. BARRETT, F. E. S.

AraontT some Micro-Lepidoptera recently forwarded for examina-
tion from Ireland bj Mr. W. F. de Yismes Kane, I fonud a single
specimen of a small " Plume " not recognisable as a British species,
but approaching more closely to Platt/ptilia tesseradactyla than to
any other known to me, yet differing somewhat in colour from Swiss
examples of that species. At my request Mr. Kane promptly sent
several more specimens, with the following remarks : — ■" They were
taken by myself and the Hon. R. E. Dillon in the first week of June,
1895, at Clonbrock, flying in the sunshine to the flowers of a species
of Gnaphalium on a dry bank alongside of a bog. Mr. Dillon had
taken a series of them in a previous year, but I could not name them,
and fancied that they must be Zetterstedtii. They have been in a
store box since awaiting identification, and I therefore included a
specimen for your opinion. I may mention that I subsequently took
a single specimen on June 11th in the sanie year in another Galway
locality. They are fairly plentiful in the restricted area where we
found them at Clonbrock, but I should think could be easily extermi-
nated there if worked for persistently. The other little whitish plume
{Aciptilia tetradactyla) was also flying in the same spot."

About these specimens thei-e can be no doubt. They, like the
first, are whiter than Continental specimens, with the dark markings
grey rather than brown, but otherwise having every character of P.
tesseradactyla.

It bears some resemblance to Platypiilia gonodactyla (trigonodactybis) , but is
less than one-half its size, being in fact decidedly smaller than the occasional dwarf
second brood specimens of that species. Fore-wings narrow at the base, but rather
suddenly broadened behind and shortly angulated at the apex, so as to present a
rather stumpy appearance ; pale grey-brown dusted with white, and having two
oblique, white, transverse stripes toward the hind margin, one of them crossing the
base of the fissure, and the other crossing both lobes ; immediately before the first
of these is the usual dark costal triangle, of a dark grey-brown ; preceding this, in
the middle of the costal margin, is a small dark cloudy spot, a pair of similar spots
lies on the dorsal margin before the middle and a pair of minute dark dots at the
base of the fissure ; cilia sharply white. Hind-wings dark fuscous with a golden
gloss; cilia smoky-brown, except at the tip of each lobe, where is, in each case, a
dash of pale yellow, on the dorsal side halfway down the third lobe is a darker
fuscous tuft in the cilia. Antennae pale brown, barred with white ; head and front
of thorax pale umbreous, hinder part of thorax white ; abdomen whitish-brown ;
legs whitish, the tibia; of the hinder pair having a brownish cloudy dash before each
pair of spurs.

26 [Fobmaiy,

Of its larva Sorhagen says, " It lives till the winter in the pith of
the flower stem of Gnaplialiiim dioicum and G. arenaruim, also of
Antennaria dioica. In the spring it feeds in the larger young shoots,
pupating in the larval habitation." Dr. E. Hofmann says, " Larva on
Antennaria dioica in May, imago in June."

Frey, under the name of Fischeri, says of the distribution of this
species, " In the south in Tuscany, in the north in Livonia and Fin-
land, widely distributed, found also in Bohemia, Silesia, Austria, and
Switzerland, both in the valleys and on mountains as high as 60U0 feet.
In the mountain regions on the wing at the end of July and in
August."

Gnaphalium dioicmti and arenarium do not appear to be known as
British plants, but w^e have closely allied species in the same genus,
and considering the wide distribution of this species, which Wocke
gives as "Northern Europe, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and
Persia," it is somewhat remarkable that it is not known as an inhabi-
tant of Great Britain, and our friends in Ireland are to be congratu-
lated upon having added so interesting and distinct a species to the
fauna of the United Kingdom. As already hinted, Swiss specimens
have a decidedly browner, warmer tinge of colour than those now
recorded.

39, Linden GroTe, Nundead, S.E. :
January 1th, 1897.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVA AND PUPA OF DEPSESSARIA
PULCHERLilMELLA, Stn.

BY EUSTACE R. BAKKES, il.A., F.E.S.

Although the larva of Depressaria 2'>ulcherrimeUa , oi w'hich species
the imago was first described by Stainton in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
V, 164-5 (1849), has now been known for the last forty years and more,
I am not aware that a description of it, or the pupa, has ever been
published in any English or continental work ; it may, therefore, be
useful to sup[)ly the omission.

LARVA.

The following description was taken on May 31st, 1S96, fi'om a
larva, almost full fed, found near here on the preceding day.

Length, 13 mm. Greatest breadth, 18 mm.

Head rather narrower than the prothoracic segment, polished, pale whitish-
vellow tinged with green, with some scattered brownish bristles ; upper mouth-parts
brownifih ; ocelli consisting of fiTe small, round, polished, black dots, placed in a

1897.J 27

semicircle, on each side of the head. Prothoracic segment decidedly narrower than
the succeeding ones, with a slightly polished pale yellowish-green undivided plate,
on which are several minute black polished dots emitting brownish bristles. Thoracic
segments and abdomen together of the usual Depressaria shape, of fairly uniform
width in the middle and tapering thence towards both extremities, somewhat semi-
transparent pale yellowish-green ; the dorsal vessel shows distinctly as a dark green
central line through the entire length from behind the prothoracic segment, and on
either side of it is a broad but ill-defined rather dark gi-een subdorsal line ; skin
smooth, rather glossy. Warts and spiracles polished, black, emitting brownish
bristles. Anal plate inconspicuous, slightly polished, greenish-yellow ; its surface is
remarkably uneven with several black polished raised spots, emitting brown bristles,
standing on distinct mound-like prominences. Ventral surface pale yellowish-green
with some minute black polished warts. Legs semitransparent, yellowish watery
white. Prolegs semitransparent, watery-white.

I have as yet only found the larva living in a slight silken web
among, and feeding or\, flowers and young seeds of Conopodium denu-
dafum, Koch (= Bnniumflexuosum, AVith.), from flowers of which it
was bred years ago by Dr. Colquhoun (Ent. Ann., 1856, p. 51 ; 1858,
p. lOG). It also feeds on other plants, and sometimes adopts different
habits, for von Ileinemann bred the imagines, which were duly iden-
tified by Stainton (Ent. Ann., 1870, p. 8), from larvae found by himself
in rolled-up radical leaves of Pimpinella saxifraga, as recorded in
Schmet. Deutsch. u. d. Schweiz, iii, 181, where he adds that, according
to Schmidt, it feeds on Valeriana officinalis. Besides the above,
Sorhagen (Kleinschmet. d. M. Brandenburg, 329) mentions Cnidium
vetiosum and Dauciis, but does not give his authorities for these food-
plants, and both he and Meyrick (HB. Br. Lp., 629) speak as though
the invariable habit of the larva is to live in rolled leaves, which is
certainly not the case.

PUPA.

The pupa was thus described on June 8th, 1896, after it had been
in that state only a few days : —

Length, 7 mm. Greatest breadth, 26 mm.

Very broad anteriorly, gradually tapering posteriorly, flattened dorsally. Skin
smooth and highly polished ; hairs and bristles pale and inconspicuous. Eyes
showing through as indistinct dark spots. Antennal cases lying between, and of
equal length with, the wing-cases. Head and prothoracic segment dingy reddish-
orange. Meso- and meta-thoracic segments dingy greenish-orange. Wing-cases reach-
ing to the end of the fourth abdominal segment, dingy greenish-orange, as are also
the limb-cases. Abdomen dorsally dingy orange slightly tinged with green ; on its
second and following segments is a green dorsal line, becoming less distinct posteriorly ;
segmental diyisions clearly defined ; anal segme;it orange-red, armed with some
orange-coloured hooked bristles. Ventral surjace to end of wing-cases dingy greenish-

28 [February,

orange, posteriorly clingy orange tinged with green. In the specimen under notice,
which proved to be a female, the only " free " segments were the fifth and sixth
abdominal ones.

The pupa was enclosed in a slight white silk cocoon in a flower-
head of Conopodium denudatum, but apparently such a site is rarely, if
ever, chosen in nature, for although I have I'epeatedly found flower-
heads recently tenanted by larvae, it has never been my good fortune
to come across the pupa. The imago appeared on June 18th, 1896.

The Rectory, Corfe Castle :

January 8th, 1897.

CCENONYMPHA TIPHON AND ITS VARIETIES.
BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.E.S.

In these days when the number of sjiecies of our British butterflies
is apparently shrinking, it seems rather paradoxical to say the list of
tbem is growing longer. The increase is due to the giving of names
to so-called " aberrations," in many cases based on characters so trivial
that the only conclusion one can come to is that their authors have
been bitten by what, I think, the late Dr. Dohrn used to call the
"Mibi-hund."

For instance, Mr. Tutt, in a recently published book on Britisb
butterflies, gives a diagnosis of a n. ah. of the var. Laidion of Coeno-
nympha Tiphon, Rott., to which he applies the name ohsoJeta, but the
differences between this diagnosis and that given of the var. are hardly
worthy of consideration. The var. Laidion (using the name to designate
what Mr. Barrett calls the mountain form of C. Tiphon, of which form
there are before me extensive series from Eannoch, Breadalbane, and
the Rothiemurchus district) has a facies of its own quite apart from
ocellation. In the latter respect there is a perfect gradation of forms
ranging from those in which no trace exists of ocellated spots to others
in whose hind-wings are six eye-spots with white pupils. I take it
the name laidion was originally applied to an aberration of the typical
form (Tiphon), in which the eye-spots had reached the vanishing point.
In applying the name to a race, the types of the race must be held to
be those examples with practically no spots, and it would therefore
have been more logical (although quite unnecessary) to apply a name
to the other extreme.

Mr. Tutt justifies the application of such names on the ground
that they serve to mark the extreme of variation in a certain direction.
But this is exactly what the name ohsoleta in the present case does

1897.] 29

not do, for reading Mr. Tutt's diagnosis as it must be read, very exactly,
to be of any meaning, the aberration has a trace of a spot in the hind-
wings. His extreme, therefore, is not the real extreme, for the spot
may quite disappear.

The application of names in such cases appears to me perfectly
futile. And it would be endless, because there are other points which
would equally demand I'ecognition {e.g., the dwindling and disappear-
ance of the pale transverse bar on the under-side of the fore-wings).

Mr. Tutt makes a mistake in connection with the distribution of
O. TipJion, through his rendering Staudinger's geographical reference
" septentrionalis " as " southern." The Continental range is Northern
and Central Europe, not Southern and Central Europe as stated.

Turning for a moment to Erehia (Btliiops, the aberration ohsoleta
is found again to the front. The form is no doubt so named because
it is supposed to represent the extreme of reduced ocellation, but, if
so, it again falls short of the mark. The figure shows ohsoleta to have
at least two very well marked eye-spots with pupils, but an example
has occurred in which eyes-pots are obsolete and only traces of the
pupils remain. I think the superlative of ohsoleta would furnish a
very good name for this remarkable individual, but I should not care
to apply it lest something more extreme should turn up.

Uddingston, N.B. : October, 1896.

ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF THE SCALE-LIKE ORGANS WHICH LIE
BETWEEN THE ROOTS OF THE WINGS AND THE SCUTELLUM
OF DIPT ERA.

BY R. H. MEADE.

Baron C. R. Osten Saeken has lately published an interesting
little paper* upon these small lobes or scales which are very conspicu-
ous in the higher Muscidoe. They have received very different names
from different entomologists. The term alulce or winglets has been
most frequently used by those in Britain, as Westwood, Walker, &c.,
but it is incorrect, for they have no real alliance with the wings ; the
halteres or poisers being considered as the representatives of the second
pair of wings of the Hymenoptera, &c. The name alula has also been
applied by Low and others to the axillary lobe of the wing, sometimes
called lohulus (Afterlappen or Fliigellappen, Schiner), which is a more
correct application of the term.

-These scale-like flat processes are usually named Schuppchen by

• Berliner Entom. Zeitschrift, Bd. xli, Jahrg., 1896, Heft 1, -285.

30 [February.

the German Dipterists, cuillerons by the French, and squamce by the
Swedish. Robiueau Desvoidy divided the Muscidce into two great
divisions by the difference in size (the presence or comparative absence)
of these organs, naming them calypteratcs and acalypterata from the
Greek word Kalupteer, a cover. These divisional terms have been
generally adopted ; why, then, have the names ceased to be applied to
the organs themselves ? R. Desvoidy used the term cnhjpta sometimes,
but he abandoned it for the rather curious one of cuilleron, or bowl of
a spoon. Haliday used the name calyptra in some of his publications,
but the only author who has adopted it altogether is Rondani. It
seems to me to possess a claim over all the others, especially when
applied to the Muscidce.

The two scales constituting these organs are in some respect
independent of each other, the larger one being attached to the scu-
tellum, and lying behind or rather beneath the other, while the smaller
one is connected with the wing, and moves with it independently of
the other. Osten Sacken would, therefore, give the two scales different
names, calling the lower and larger one the tegula, as it covers the
poiser, and the smaller one antltegula. The term tegula has exactly
the same meaning as calyptrum, only one is derived from Greek
and the other is Latin, and has no advantage over it. I think,
therefore, that we are bound to call these scales calyptra, as that
name has the claim of priority, and is especially applicable to the
calypterated Muscidce.

Bradford : December, 189G.

ON THE BIOLOGY OF CAMAROTA FLAVITARSIS, Meio.
BY DR. PAUL MARCIIAL.

In the No. of this Magazine for November, 1890, there is an
interesting note by Baron C. li. Osten Sacken " On Camarota as a
noxious insect." I would remark that I have already given the biology
of Camarota flavitarsis in my note " Sur les Dipteres nuisibles aux
ce'reales observes a la Station Entomologique de Paris en 1894 " (C.
"R. Acad. d. Sci., Paris, Sept. 10th, 1894). Rondani only observed the
adult flies, which were mixed with Clilorops reared from wheat ; he
says nothing of the earlier history of the insects.

The stems of wheat attacked by Camarota are arrested in their
growth, and do not attain more than 30 cm. in height, the ear not being
developed. The maggot, observed on June 15th, attacks the terminal
portion of the stem ; it destroys the axis lengthwise, begiuniug from

1897] 31

the upper part, and leaving behind it separated brown fibres. "When
it meets with the uppermost knot, or before meeting with it, it under-
goes its change to pupa, which turns upward, so that the flj which
will escape from the cephalic extremity may find an exit. I have
found as many as four or five pupae in the same terminal stem, some
lying in its axis, but most of them placed in the sheaths of the leaves.
When the perfect insect emerges, and before it has expanded its
wings, it creeps between the sheaths, in order to escape at the superior
extremity. It sometimes happens, therefore, that the sheaths, being
contracted by drying, press close against the axis, and all means of
exit being prevented, the insect perishes without being able to escape.

The maggot is distinguished from that of Chlorops by the two
large stigmatical prominences at its posterior extremity, which, seen
from above, have a very characteristic form, reminding one of a hatchet.
The pupa presents the same characters, and at its anterior extremity
are two little cephalic horns furnished with several nodosities nearly
as in Oscinia.

The wheat stems from which I reared Camarofa flavitarsis during
1894 came from the Departements of Haute Garonne and Tarn.
They also furnished a pretty large number of another interesting fly,
JElachiptera cornuta, Meig.

Paris : December 30th, 1896.

HINTS ON COLLECTINO ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA.
BY EDWAED SA.UNI)EES, F.L.S.

It has been suggested to me that a few remarks on the above
subject would be of interest to some of the readers of this Magazine,
and therefore I will try and give some of my own experiences in the
matter and hope they may possibly be useful to others. It is
eminently a healthy occupation, as it is on fine, sunshiny days in
spring, summer and autumn that the best results are to be obtained;
dull, hot days in summer and early autumn are not to be despised,
but dull days in early spring and late autumn are practically useless,
and of course wet ones are so at any time. The Aculeates seem to
have a very keen perception of the atmospheric conditions, as I have
occasionally observed that on apparently fine mornings there are
scarcely any Hymenoptera about, and that when this is so, clouds
usually come up rapidly and the day is useless for the purposes of
collecting these insects. Aculeates are not early risers, nor do they

82 February,

sta}" out late; in early spring they will not appear in this country as
a rule {i. c, with the exception of Hive and Humble Bees), before
about lu a.m., nor will they be found, with the exception of a few
stragglers, much after 3 p.m. In high summer they are sometimes
about as early as 8 a.m. and stay out till 5 or 6 or sometimes even
later. For collecting purposes the morning hours and mid-day^ in
spring are by far the best ; in hot summer the morning and later
afternoon {i. e., after 3 p.m.). The hours from 12 to 3 in very hot
weather 1 have generally found most unproductive. It is probable
that most of our solitary spring bees attain the imago state and are
ready to emerge in the late autumn or early winter of the preceding
year, as on several occasions specimens have been dug up in this state
at these seasons. They therefore only await suitable weather to
appear ; it is, however, rarely that any are met with at large before
the middle of March. Hymenopterists have, therelbre, the whole of
the winter to arrange and study their captures and need not trouble
themselves to re-commence collecting till the weather becomes inviting.
Of course, ardent collectors can dig in banks in winter or collect
perforated bramble stems during their walks, on which I shall have
more to say later on, otherwise it may be taken for granted that if
the weather is unpleasant by cold or damp, it is not worth while to
go out collecting.

The apparatus necessary is very simple — a wide mouthed bottle
with a tube through the cork, such as those used for Coleoptera, and a
net are the only needful impedimenta. The bottle should have a lump
of cyanide at the bottom, well wedged down with blotting paper,
over which a piece of white note paper may be placed with advantage,
the object being to prevent the possibility of any dampness getting
to the insects ; it is well, therefore, to arrange the white paper so
that it comes well up the sides of the bottle in the form of an
inverted cone, taking care to widen out the apex of the cone so as to
allow plenty of room for the specimens. It is wonderful how many
such a bottle will hold, and also what apparently large insects will go
down the tube ; humble bees, for instance, which, on account of their
hairy coats, often look much too large, will be found to go down easily
when invited to do so. Some entomologists prefer to wrap up the
cyanide in paper and to fill the rest of the bottle with loosely crumpled
pieces of tissue paper, the object being to prevent the specimens from
dying in a heap and possibly damaging each other. If the use of
cyanide be objected to, bruised laurel leaves will answer the purpose,
the only difficulty being to keep the bottle dry, and dryness is an

1897.] ^':]

essential, as the least wet tends to cui'l the wings up at the end and
to mat the hairs of the body. The objection to cyanide in the eyes of
many collectors is that it renders the specimens very rigid ; thej
can, however, be relaxed by placing them in a laurel bottle afterwards,
but personally, as I do not set my specimens, this rigidity does not
cause me any inconvenience. Another inconvenience of cyanide is that
in some cases the yellow colour of insects will be turned red if left in
the bottle too long ; if, therefore, the captures cannot be set the same
day, they should not be left in the bottle over night, at any rate, if
there are any brightly coloured specimens amongst them.

The other necessary to the collector is a net. This, to my mind,
should be as small as possible ; the one I use myself is on a ring of
about !S inches diameter, and is made of the very finest white net
obtainable, 22 meshes to the inch will be fine enough to hold any of
the aculeates. The net should not be too long, about once and a half
the length of the diameter of the ring is a convenient length, and the
end of it should be kept as widely rounded as possible, as a pointed
net is often very inconvenient ; the best sort of ring I believe to be
a diminutive, steel, landing-net ring, which will fold up, with a
"universal" screw, this sci-ew (which is known throughout the fishing
world) and ferrules to fit it can be obtained in most of our towns. The
stick is the next important thing and should, I think, be light and short ;
two feet long is quite enough for ordinary purposes, and for quick work
shortness is indispensable, and although at times a longer one may be
useful, the inconvenience of carrying about and changing the sticks
is such that it is probably scarcely worth while to do so. Pocket sticks
can be obtained made on a telescopic principle, which I have found
especially handy and useful.

Equipped with a net and a killing bottle a collector is prepared
to go out and try his luck. In early spring he will find the catkins
of the sallows {i. e., the short catkined species of Salix) offer the
most attractions to the Hi/menoptera ; these plants, on bright, sunshiny
mornings, often seeming alive with insects. The difficulties of the
entomologist now begin ; there are probably dozens of Hive Bees,
many flies, and a few Andre^ias, some of which latter may be rare, and
it is often no easy matter to tell them apart ; a hive bee, a large $
Andrena, such as 7'osce, nigrocenea or tibialis, and a large Eristalis fly
are very much alike to an unexperienced eye; by degrees, howevei",
one begins to recognise them by the peculiarities of their flight, &c.
A hive bee, when flying, droops its legs and never shows the white
pollen of the sallow on its tibiae, it also hums ; an Eristalis is more

34 [February,

rapid and jerky in its flight, turns more suddenly and sits down with
less deliberation ; a $ Andrenn is silent in its flight, flies steadily,
settles down composedly and generally shows a lot of yellowish or
whitish pollen on its legs, or, if fresh from the burrow^, the yellow
hairs of the tibise in many species will betray them, 'i'he ^ Andrenas
rarely settle, but fly round the branches, often near the tops, which
renders them very difficult to capture ; they are much slimmer insects
than the females and may generally be known by their almost incessant
and steady, though rapid, flight. Diptera of the same size are usually
sure to settle before long, or to turn suddenly in their flight.
Eapidity in flight of course depends greatly on the temperature, on a
cold day the insects are far less lively than on a hot one, and it is
curious to observe the immediate disappearance of most of the
Aculeates the moment a cloud shadows the sallow and their rapid
re-appearance when it has passed. The earliest Andrenas to appear
are probably ClarJceUa, Gwynana^ apicata and albicans, but they are
rapidly followed by the rest of the spring species, prcBCOx, tibialis,
minutula, nifjrocenea, roses, race Trimmeraiia, apicata, bimaculata,
thoracica, piJipes, cineraria, nitida, fidva, helvoJa, varians, dorsata,
jijzeliella,f'ulvicrus,a\\ these frequent sallows, although some are local
and rare ; cineraria, for instance, though common in some localities,
has never occurred, so far as I know, in this neighbourhood, apicata,
bimaculata and dorsata are also local species. On the other hand,
Gwynana, albicans, Trimmerana, Glarlcella, tibialis and nigrocenea seem
to occur nearly everywhere, at least in the South of England ; the
males always precede the females a day or two in their appearance.
With the Andrenas a few Salicfi are often to be found, and usually a
few species of Nomada ; borealis is the first of this genus to appear,
being parasitic on A. ClarJceUa, inquilines are, however, found in
greater numbers round the burrows of the Andrenas, but these
burrows are not always easily found, when, however, they can be
discovered, the collector will learn more by watching the banks where
they occur than by collecting the insects off their food-plants, for
there he will find both sexes flying about together, their inquilines and
other pai'asites which belong to them, as well as those miserable
individuals which are so distorted by stylopization that they cannot
flv any distance ; luckily for their race, such specimens are rare, T
have, however, met with them on several occasions. Once, on the
"Croft" at Hastings, I found a specimen with four of these parasites
in it, which could scarcely do more than tumble about, its body being
inflated to nearly twice its usual bulk. I may here remark that it is

1897.] 35

always worth while to secure stylopized individuals, as there are many
questions as to the effects of stylopization which have not yet been
definitely answered. In cases where the bee is only attacked by one
Sfylops it probably flies about as freely as any unaffected specimen,
and the presence of the parasite will only be detected by the yellow
seed-like portion which projects between the abdominal segments.
In early spring, besides Salix, Veronica cliavKedrys is attractive in
sheltered lanes to Andrena minutula as well as to small Halicti.
Dandelions also, should always be looked at, as some Andrenas and many
species of Halicfus are specially attracted by them. Amongst the
earlier bees to put in an appearance is Anthophora pihpes, the tawny
males and jet black females of which may be seen darting about from
flower to flower on sunshiny mornings, looking like diminutive
Humble Bees, from which the white spotted face of the male and the
yellow^ tibial scopse of the female will at a glauce distinguish them.
After the first rush of spring bees, which lasts to about the end of
April in this part of England, there is generally more or less of a
pause in the appearance of the Aculeates. The early Andrenas are
still about, but are so shabby and weather-beaten as to be hardly
worth capturing.

(To be continued).

DESCRIPTION OP AN ANOMALOUS HEMIPTEROUS INSECT.
BY DR. D. SUARP, M.A., F.R.S.

Colonel Bingham has kindly given me a Hemipterous insect of a.
highly anomalous nature, which I believe to belong to Carcmochelis,.
Fieb., a genus which was characterized in 1861, but as no species was
assigned to it, has remained a mere name.

Caecinochelis Binghami, n. sp.

Pallide argillaceus, spinosus, antennis etiam fortiter spinosis ; scutello
perelongato angusto, medio carinato, lateribus spinosis. Long., 6^ mm.

Hah. : Burma (Colonel Bingham).

The specimen is evidently immature, so that the colour and the relative lengths
and widths of tlie more flexible parts cannot be accurately stated. The head is
elongate, cylindrical but strongly spinose, the eyes placed far from the thorax, near
the front part of the head. The proboscis is short and stout, forming a loop with
the head, it is only of two joints, though it appears to be three-jointed owing to the

36 [February,

thick setee being free at the extremity, these latter are received on a very deep broad
depression of tlie prosteriium. Antennae short, four-jointed, inserted on the top of
the head, and contiguous ; basal joint long, strongly spinose, 2nd and 3rd joints
shorter, also spinose, terminal joint a little dilated, not spinose. Prothorax rather
long, much narrowed in front, anterior part densely spinose, posterior part 4-carinate
with spines on the ridges, punctate between the ridges. Elytra free from spines,
coriuni small, clavus membranaceous like the large membrane itself, the latter
traversed by three or four coarse veins. Scutellum narrow even at the base, where
it is of the same width as the space between the middle two thoracic carinte ; it is
carinate at the sides and along the middle, the carinse being spinigerous, the middle
one only minutely so, and not at the base ; the scutellum extends very nearly to the
tip of the body. Connexivum strongly spinose. Mesosternum larger than meta-
sternum, the middle coxte touching the hind pair, a longitudinal carina between
them, a transverse one in front of them. Front legs with long dependent cosse,
small trochanters, tliick femora, one side of each of which is produced to form a
process, at the base of which the altered tibia is articulated ; these two processes
are in opposition along their inner margins, which are densely and minutely dentate ;
thus they have something of the appearance of the claws of crabs or lobsters ; but
they are curved.

The above characters certainly bring this insect near to Fhymata,
though the form of the head suggests a close relation with Rcduviidce ;
the shape of the head is, however, the only character of much im-
portance by w^hich the insect departs from Pltymata.

Colonel Bingham met with one specimen on the Pegu Hills in
April, 1888. The insect probably uses the front legs like a INJantis
does.

The genus Carcinoclielis was proposed by Fieber in 1861 (Europ.
Hemip., p. 34), and certain brief generic characters were given in the
table of Fhy mat idee, but no reference was made to any species. In
M. Severin's valuable Catalogue general des Hemipteres, iii, p. 29, the
genus is given, and as species is mentioned " alutaceus, Fieber (non
descriptus), Patria ignota." Under these circumstances it must re-
main doubtful whether this genus was that intended by Fieber or not :
as the character from which he derived the name applies to Colonel
Bingham's insect, I have thought it better to adopt the generic name,
but the minor part of the appellation I have preferred to disregard
altogether. I have great doubt whether it is proper to adopt even
the generic name ; for it appears to me to be a very improper pro-
ceeding to characterize a genus without any species for it ; so that I
hope the course I have adopted will not be considered as evidence that
I think that a generic name proposed without any species has claim
to priority.

Cambridge : December 2Slh, 1896.

I

m>7.]

AN ATTEMPT TO ELUCIDATE AND TO FIX THE TYPES OF

TORTRIX, TINEA and ALUCITA,
THREE OF THE LINN.EAN SUBDIVISIONS OF PEAL/ENA, L.

BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, MA., LL.D., F.R S.,

AND

JOHN HARTLEY DURRANT, F.E.S., Memb. Soc. Ent. de France.

As Professor Grote has recently on more than one occasion con-
fessed his inability to determine the types of these subdivisions, and
as one of them seems to be used incorrectly, no apology is necessary
for publishing the conclusions arrived at after careful study extending
over several years, especially as it is hoped that the results obtained
will have the merit of finality, being based on a stricb application of
the Law of Priority. The elucidation of these Linnsean subdivisions
is attended with unusual difficulty, not only on account of the loose
and illogical manner in which some of them have bepn treated by
writers subsequent to Linnssus, but also because at the outset we have
to face the much debated question whether these subdivisions can be
accepted as genera attributable to Linnaeus himself.

It is usually considered that Linnaeus w^as the originator of that
binomial system which is in use at the present day, and so far as the
special name is concerned this assumption is certainly correct, but in
the Lepidoptera (to which all these remarks apply exclusiuely') Linnaeus
cannot be said to have described a single genus — his assemblages of
species under a distinctive heading are of not less ordinal value than
the groups which are now called Families, and therefore the sub-
divisions of these heterotypical assemblages more nearly approximate
what we now call a genus. From a modern point of view the so-called
genera as well as their subdivisions are for the most part of no sys-
tematic value, and it is only the fact that these names obtained priority
for groups of species whose sole claim to recognition rests in the
restrictions made and the definitions applied to them by subsequent
writers that renders it necessary to discuss them all.

If we regard the Linnaean names Papilio, Sphinx and Phalcena
as genera, then it is obvious that those designations which were used
in plural form in subdividing these three large assemblages were not
considered as of equal value with the whole group of which they were
component parts. Though confining this enquiry to three only of the
subdivisions of Phalcena, the same arguments apply equally to the
other trinomial subdivisions proposed by Linnaeus.

It is certain that Linnaeus did not consider these subdivisions as
genera, for they are not numbered, whereas all the Linnaean genera

38 [February,

are numbered consecutively ; thus in the Sjstema Naturae (edn. X),
pp. 18-19, Vi-e find: —

" Mammalia— Generum Characteres compendiosi " (1 Homo to

39 Delphiniis). On pp. S3-85 : — " Avium — Genera Characteres
Avium" (40 Vultur to 102 Caprimulgiis). On p. 196: — "Amphibia —
Generum Characteres" (103 Testudo to 118 Acipenser). On pp.
212-3 :—" Characteres Piscium " (119 Murcena to 109 Pegasus). On
pp. 342-4: — "Insecta" (170 Scarahceus to 213 Jidus).

It will be observed that each of these headings differs in form :
in the tabulation of the fishes we have only "Characteres Piscium,"
both "Pisces" and "generum" being omitted, and in the Insecta,
" Generum characteres insectorum " is left out ; but the names in these
Orders were regarded as genera is evident from the fact that the nu-
merical sequence is maintained throughout, and moreover, in a footnote
to the twelfth edition under the Ixsecta we find (p. 537 = t357) : — •
''''Genera Naturalia Auctorum metamorphosi demonstranda vitam scien-
tise largiuntur," &c. This edition is practically the same as the tenth as
regards its classification, but the numbers of the genera are somewhat
higher through the introduction of additional genera, e. g , Scarahceus
is No. 189 (instead of 170), and Julus No. 274 (instead of 243).

To each of these genera a short diagnosis is appended, and by
turning to the table we can see what Linnaeus really regarded aa
genera in the Lepidoptera.

In the tenth edition, p. 343 (and in the twelfth, p. 538, but num-
bered 231-3) we find:—
(Order) "III. LEPIDOPTERA."
(genera) " 203 Papilio — Antennae extrorsum crassiores. Alae erectae.

204 Sphinx — Antennae medio crassiores.

205 PHAL-aENA — Antennae introrsum crassiores."

It is therefore evident that Linnaeus did not regard e\t\iQV Bomhgx,
Noctiia, Geometra, Pyralis, Toi^tria; Tinea or Alucifa as genera, but
employed them as subdivisions or subgenera, and this conclusion is
borne out by a footnote on p. 496 of the tenth edition (edn. XII,
809) : — " PhaUenae dividendae, quo facilius inquirantur," &c., and here
a brief diagnosis to each of these subdivisiors is given.

If it be objected that the names of these subdivisions cannot be
accepted as genera until they were so called by a subsequent author,
then it follows that the term genus must be applied to the groups
which we now call Rhopalocera and Heterocera, and that PaplUo and
Plialana must be used in lieu of these names. It is obvious that
in the Lepidoptera the term "genus" is not now used in the sense in

1897.] 39

which it was applied bj Linnaeus, but are we to waste our time in ar-
gument about the meaning of the word "genus" and to endeavour to
restore this term to the sense in which it was used by Linnaeus, or are
we to strive to bring the work of the author of the Systema Naturae
into line with modern thought and methods ? Linnaeus himself per-
ceived the necessity for subdividing his so-called genera, and we shall
not be wrong in following his lead. The names Papilio and Phalcena
should be altered in termination in accordance with the value they are
held to possess (but should be attributed to Linnaeus), and should be
substituted for Bhopalocera and Heterocera which they antedate, on
the other hand the subdivisions of these Linnaean genera should be
attributed to Linnaeus as " genera " in the modern acceptance of
the terra.

TOETEIX, L.

Ty^e—Tortrix viridana, L. (Stph., 1829).
ToBTRicEs, L., Syst. Nat., X, 496, 530 (1758).

The original definition as given on p. 496 is: — " Alis obtusissimis
ut fere retusis, planiusculis," to which the following restriction is
added on p. 530: — "Tortricum Larvae contorquent & filo connectunt
folia, quaevorant & intra quae se recipiunt."

The type of Tortrix, L., must be one of the species enumerated
by Linnaeus (Nos. 202 to 225), and it must conform to the original
definition and to the restriction based on the habits of the larvae that
were then known. The subsequent writings of Linnaeus did not
affect the type of this genus.

Poda, Ins. Mus. Grtec, 93 (1761), enumerated two species as
belonging to Tortrix, of these prasina, Poda, = quercana, Schiff.
(Jbicolorana, Fuessl), and the other, avellana, Poda, is considered to
represent corijlana, F., both non-Linnaeau species, consequently the
type was not affected.

[Geoffroy entirely omits reference to Tortrix, L., and Fabricius in
1775, by an error of judgment, transferred the Linnaean name Pyralis
to the group which Linnaeus had designated Tortrix, raising it to
generic rank and enumerating nearly all the species known to Linnaeus,
but in his writings he did not indicate the type of his genus. Lamarck,
Syst. An. sans Vert., 287 (1801), re-described Fyralis, F. {nee L.),
and cited viridana, L., as the type].

Toerner, Diss. Ac. Upsal., Ill, 259 (1801), raised Tortrix to
generic rank under its own name, and re-described it thus : — " Tortrix :
antennae filiformes. Alae ampliatse, obtusse : margine exteriore curvo,"
but mentions no types. [N.B. — It is stated that Thunberg was really
the author of these " Dissertationes."]

4:0 [February,

Haworth, Prod. Lp. Br., 15 (1802), removed jyrasinana, L. (=
fngina, Hw.) to " Noctuse viridse," a very proper correction of a
Linnajan error, unfortunately, however, Lp. Br., ^94-6 (1S12), he
replaced it ii] Tortrix, but his previous restriction, which was justified,
must be held to exclude this species from being a possible type of
the genus.

Leach, Edinb. Encycl., 135 (1815), quotes /»r«5ma?j«, L. (=^fagana,
Lch.), as the type of Tortrix, but this species cannot be accepted as
the type, for it does not conform to Linnaeus' description of the habits
of the larvas of the genus, and it had been excluded by Haworth in
1802.

Frolich, Enum. Tortr. Wiirt., 9-11 (1828), and Treitschke, Schm.
Eur., VII, 228-30 (1829) : VIII, 45 (1830), do not affect the type, but
Stephens, Cat. Br. Ins., II, 168 (1829), enumerates only one of the
species included in the genus by Linnaeus, which fixes the type as
ViRiDANA, L., and in 111. Br. Eut. Haust., IV, 60, 68 (1834), Stephens
gives reasons for considering this species the type. In this he has
been followed by all subsequent writers with the exception of Du-
ponchel, who Hist. Nat. Lp. Fr., IX, 19 (1834), erroneously cited
cratcegana, Hb., as the type. It will be observed that whether we
study this genus under its original Linna^an name or under that of
Pi/ralis, F. («(?c L.), the results are the same, viridana, L., is the type,
and as it is an eminently typical species about which there has never
existed an}'' doubt, it is to be hoped that it will be impossible to assail
its claims to be regarded as the type of Tortrix, L.

TINEA, L.
Type — Tinea pellionella, L. (F., 1775).
TiNE^, L., Syst. Nat., X, 496 (1758).

"Alis convolutis fere in cylindrum, fronte prominula." On p.
497 it is remarked that the "Tineis subcutaneis " have only fourteen
feet, but this is a mere note on the structural characteristics of a
certain section of Tinea, L., and in no way affects the question of
type.

In the Fauna Suecica, II (1761), Linnieus omits Phahetia Tinea
hella, L., which therefore ceases to be a possible type, and in the same
year Poda, Ins. IMus. Graec, 94 (1701), enumerated two only of the
species placed in Tinea by hinuisus, granella, Li., and j)enio?iella, L.
Linnaeus, Mus. Lud. Ulr., 399 (1764), mentions only PhalcBna Tinea
bella, L., but his previous action and that of Poda ])revent this species
from being accepted as the type.

isyr.] 4L

Poda's restrictiou (by eliminatiou) of the genei-ic name Tinea
to the rough headed clothes' moths has been accepted by all subsequent
authors. Both granella, L., and peJlionella are quoted by Geoffroy,
Hist, abrege Ins. Paris, II (1762), but Fabricius, Syst. Ent., 655, 667
(1775), subdivided Tinea, L., into Tinea (L.),F., and Alucita, F. {nee
L.), and while vot^uuwgpeUioneJIa in Tinea removed t/ranella to his new
genus, to which by an error of judgment he applied the Linnaean name
Alucita. By this action Pellioniclla, L., was constituted the type
of the genus Tinea, and it was cited as such by Lamarck, Syst. An.
sans Vert., 288 (1801).

There appears to be no reason for objecting to the acceptance of
this species as the type, and if Linnseus' expression, " fronte prominula"
were used in the modern sense it might be taken that he himself indi-
cated that the true Tinece with rough heads constituted the typical
portion of his genus ; it is possible, however, that he intended to
refer to the projecting palpi of some of the species which he included,
but as his expression is ambiguous, we are bound to accept the limita-
tions of our predecessors, whose action restricted his assemblage of
heterotypical species to that generic conception which we now know
as Tinea, L.

ALUCITA, L.

Type — Alucita pentadactyJa, L. (Poda, 1761).

ALUCiTiE, L., Syst. Nat., X, 496 (1758).

" Alis digitatis fissis ad basin." Poda, Ins. Mus. Grsec, 94, pi.
II, 14 (1761), enumerated and figured one species only of the possible
types of this genus Pentadactyla, L., which action, three years after
the publication of the name, definitely fixed the type of the genus.

Geoffroy, Hist, abrege Ins. Paris, II, 24-5, 90-3 (1762), created
the genus Pterophorus at the expense of Alucita, and placed the
following species in his new genus : 1, pentadactyla, L. ; 2, mono-
dactyla, L. (= didactyla, GeofCr.) ; 3, liexadactyla, L.

Fabricius, Syst. Ent., 671 (1775), adopted Geoffrey's name, in-
cluding Geoffrey's three types, but adding more species.

Lamarck, Syst. An. sans Vert., 288 (1801), re-described Ptero-
phorus, citing as its type fentadactylus, L., F., &c., but this action was
not admissible, this species having already been constituted the type
of Alucita, L.

Latreille, Prec. Gen. Ins., 148 (1796), created the genus Orneodes,
omitting to cite the type; subsequently, however. Hist. Nat. Crust.
Ins., Ill, 418 (1802) : XIV, 258 (1805), this omission was remedied,

^2 [ FebniaiT,

and hexadactylus, L. (F., GeofEr., &c.), was cited as the type. By this
action and Poda's the genus Pterophorus, Geoffr., became monotypical
with the type monodactylus, L.

For many years the name Alucita has been wrongly used for
Jiexadacti/la, the work of Latreille having been overlooked or ignored,
but Mejrick has very properly re-instated Ortieodes, Ltr., for this
species.

Wallengren, Kongl. Yet. Ak. Handl., Ill (7), 20 (1859), cited
monodacfyhis^ L., as the type of ''^ Pterophorus (Geoffr ), auct. ;" this
appears to be a luck}^ accident rather than the result of conclusions
founded on historic research.

Meyrick, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, 487, employs AJiicita for
mono dactyl us and Pteropltorus for pentadacfylus, but it appears now
that such usage is incorrect.

The synonymy of the genera discussed under this heading should
be corrected thus :^

PTEBOPKOlilDM.

ALUCITA, L.

Type — Alucita pentadactylus, L. (Poda, 1761).

Alucita, L. (1758), = Aciptilia, Hb. (182G), </or»jrt??^, = Aciptiltjs,

Z. (1841), = *Pteeophoeus (Geoffr.), Meyr.

PTEROPHORUS, Geoffr.

Type — Alucita monodactyla, L. (Ltr., 1805).

PTEEOPHORrs, Geoffr. (1762), Wlgrn., = fOiniEJiATOPHOEUS, AVlgrn.

(1859), = §Leioptilus, Wlgrn. (1859), = :[:Oedematopuoeus, Wlgrn.

(1875), dormant, = *Alucita (L.), Meyr.

ORNEODID^, Meyr.
= Alucitidje, auct.

ORNEODES, Ltr.

Ty\)e^Alncita hexadactyla, L. (Ltr., 1802).
Obneodes, Ltr. (1796, 1802), = Ripidopiioea, Hb. (1805), dormant,
= EucHiEADiA, Hb. (1826), dorma?if, ^ *Alucita (L.), Z., auct.

It is satisfactory to be able to limit Pterophorus to monodactyla,
failing which possible acceptance the name would have sunk as a
synonym of Alucita, L., and the use of the well-known names Ptero-
pTiorus and PterophoridcB would have been lost in synonymy.

The names noted as "dormant" are capable of future employment
should a genus be required for any of their possible types.

Merton Hall, Thetford :

Jaimarj/, 1897.

1397.] 48

Aporia cratcegri in Kent. — In view of recent discussions with regard to the
increasing scarcity of this butterfly in Great Britain, it may be of interest to your
readers to know tliat I have received a letter from an entomologist (Mr. T. B.
Kingsford) now in Canada, but till recently resident in Kent, in which he tells me
that in the season of 1893 he met with Aporia cratmgi so freely that he could have
taken twenty or thirty specimens in a single day. Mr. Kingsford describes to me
the exact locality in which he found the butterfly ; but this, for obvious reasons, I
suppress. — Theouoee Wood, 23, Brodrick Road, Upper Tooting, S.W. : January
12th, 1897.

Variation in Lyecena minima. — This species has frequently a vague trace of a
hind marginal series of compound spots ; one, at least, of the spots is usually distinct
enough to the unaided eye, and a weak lens will discover traces of more. At first
I thought these spots might be peculiar to Scotch examples, but it is evidently a
more generally distributed condition, as I find a Brighton specimen received from
Mr. Goss has them. This character has no doubt been already noticed, and probably
even recorded. I allude to it because I can find no reference to it in any of the
British descriptions or figures I can lay my hands on at the moment. — Kenneth J.
MoETON, Uddingston, N. B. : December 2lst, 1896.

Lithocolletis cerasicolella, R.-S., in Kent. — Having found larvse of the above
species in this district, and bred moths from them, it may be of interest to record
the fact of its occurrence in the South of England. The mines are to be found
tolerably abundant in most woods throughout this part of the county, where the
food-plant {Prunus avium) occurs. The larvte, like many others of the genus, are
greatly infested with parasites, so that a large number collected often leads to most
unsatisfactory results from a Lepidopterist's point of view. It appears strange that
this moth should so long have been overlooked in a district so much worked as it
was and is by many keenly interested in the Tineina. — Benj. A. BoWEE, Lee,
Kent : January 20th, 1897.

An unrecorded locality for Hesperia lineola, Ochs. — On the 13th of last July,
when on a pilgrimage after Micros to the saltings byCliffe Fort, I was struck, whilst
walking across the Cliffe Marshes, by the great quantities of some Hesperia ; these,
on examination, proved to be lineola, or perhaps it would be more accurate to say,
the majority proved to be, as there was a small percentage (about two) of linea and
sylvanus. The season being such an early one it was difficult at this date to obtain
fine specimens, though the worn condition might be principally owing to the perfect
struggle that was going on for possession of the few flowers yet remaining in bloom.
As this butterfly has been taken at Canvey Island and the Isle of Sheppey, it is not
surprising to find it in the Cliffe Marshes, the last two localities being very similar,
and only separated by the river Med way. — Id.

Semarkable aberrations of Stigmonota dorsana, Fb., and Dichrorampha Feti-
verella, L. — Mr. P. B. Mason's collection contains a most striking aberration of
Stigmonota dorsana. The ordinai-y white blotch on the dorsal margin is merely

44) [February,

represented by two round white spots, of which the upper and larger marks the usual
position of the apex of the blotch, whilst its base is marked bj the lower one which
is much smaller and is situated close to the margin itself; the space between them
is occupied by the ground-colour. The specimen is a male, and was probably
captured near Darlington by the late Mr. J. Sang.

In the collection of the Rev. C. R. Digby I found an example of Dichrorampha
Petiverella, taken by him at Scale, Surrey, on August 1st, 1894, which exhibits a
somewhat parallel form of aberrance to that noticed above. The yellowish blotch
on the dorsal margin is replaced by two yellowish spots separated by a band of the
ground-colour. The upper spot, representing tiie apex of the blotch, is circular,
while the lower one takes the shape of a semicircle, of which the broad base rests
on the dorsal margin. — Eustace R. Bankes, The Rectory, Corfe Castle : November
20th, 1896.

Autumnal Coleoptera in the Chatham district. — In October last I met with
Colon viennense, Hydnobius punctatissimus (black and testaceous forms), Acalles
roboris, and a few fine specimens of both sexes of Anisotoma cinnamomea, by sweeping
on the clialk hills at Queendown Warren. At that apparently inexhaustible locality,
Cobham Park, a fine pair of the rare Xantholinus glaber occurred to me in November,
in wet rotten wood at the foot of an old ash tree ; Quedius chrysurus and Q. scitus,
which I had not seen in the Park for at least twenty years, turned up in the same
situation, and Megacronus inclinans was found for tiie first time in tlie district under
dead leaves, along with Cholera nigricans, C. fusca, C. morio, ^c. Tetratoma
Desmaresti was taken at Woodstock Park, near Sittingbourne, by sweeping under
oak trees at the end of October. — James J. Walker, 23, Ranelagh Road,Sheerne83 :
December 5th, 1896.

Mycetophagus quadripustulatus, Linn. — Amongst a number of beetles recently
found by Mr. W. H. Tuck at Bury St. Edmunds, and kindly presented to me, I find
an interesting variety of this common species. It has the two reddish-yellow spots
on each elytron connected along the middle of the disc by a longitudinal vitta, the
posterior spot being large and transverse, and extending to near the suture and outer
margin. There are several named varieties of this species {bipustulatus, impustulatus,
and ruficollis, Schilsky), but none agreeing with the insect described. Mr. Tuck
has also found M. quadrigtiltalus and M. midlipunctatus, as well as the usual form
of M. quadripustulatus, at Bury. — Gc. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking : November
2.Qth, 1896.

Bagous diglgptus, Boh., at Ipswich. — While sweeping some dead reeds in a
little ditch that runs parallel with the River Gipping hardly outside the town, on
the 24th of April last year, I took a weevil quite unknown to me. Mr. E. A. New-
bery, kindly examining it a second time, said he thought it must be the very rare
B. diglgptus, which I believe has previously been recorded for England only from
Burton-on-Trent, and Mr. G. C. Champion has been good enough to confirm Mr.
Newbery's provisional identification. I am rather fond of working the marshes at
dusk in the spring and autumn for hibernating beetles, and it was so dark when I

18M7.J -45

swept the Bagous that I had to take my net home before I could examine its
contents. May not the insect be nocturnal in its habits, and this in some measure
account for its rarity? Mine was evidently a hibernated specimen, come up for a
breath of genial spring-night air. — Claudk Moeley, Everton House, Ipswich :
November 28th, 1896.

Sapriiius ceneus, F., and Sapi'inus immundus, Gyll. — In tlie January number of
this Magazine Mr. E. A. Newbery expresses a hope that some Coleopterist who has
studied the genus Saprinus may be able to give some constant character to enable
Entomologists to separate these two species. In 1868, according to the Munich
Catalogue, tlie genus consisted of 292 species, and about 110 species have been de-
scribed since. Herr J. Schmidt is the best and perhaps the only living authority
on the genus as a whole, but it may be taken for certain that tlie characters of nearly
all the species are well marked, and that the superficial variations in dorsal sculpture
etc., are only misleading to those who do not " look a beetle all over." Mr. Newbery
at the time of writing probably had only one species before him, as the insects are
not very similar, nor does it require any knowledge of the genus per se to see their
differences. In Pascoe's list of Coleoptera, S. ceneus stands next to ■!?. immundua ,
but in the European Catalogue there are several intervening species, and the insects
are so far unlike that it did not occur to Marseul to compare them together. In the
"Monograph" he merely placed them with others in the same section.

Perhaps the two most important characters noted by Marseul are : (1) in <S.
immundus (Mon., p. 408) the prosternal stri* are divergent at both extremities, and
in S. ceneus (pp. 413, 414) the prosternum is narrowed in the middle and the striae
are divergent before and behind ; in otlier words, the keel of the prosternum is
■wider in <S. immundus (especially in the median area) than in iS. ceneus, but the striae
are somewhat similarly divergent in both. (2) in *S. immundus the mesosternal
marginal stria is interrupted ; in S. ceneus it is entire. Marseul also gives a sexual
character for S. ceneus, viz., a shallow impression in the metasternum of $ , which
does not exist in S. immundus.

These are salient and reliable characters, and there are two others equally so :
(3) in iS. ceneus the tarsi are relatively long and slender, and in S. immundus they
are shorter and moi'e robust. (4) in iS. aneus the femora are comparatively nar-
row and the punctuation vague and feeble ; in S. immundus the femora are broader
and distinctly and somewhat densely punctulate. The last two characters are
conveniently seen in the intermediate pair of legs, but the tarsi on the anterior pair
are the best to examine.

Marseul says that the sutural striae of <S. aeneus are sometimes entire, sometimes
not, p. 414 ; it is a character of small importance, as the dorsal strise vary in most
of the Saprini. — G. Lewis, 5, Archer's Road, Southampton : January 2nd, 1897.

Rare Aculeate Hymenoptera. — In a box of Aculcates that I sent to Mr. Saunders
to look over were the following four species which he wished me to record : — Crabro
aphidum — of this very rare insect Mr. Saunders says, he possesses the (J, but has
never seen the 9 ; he marks my specimen aphidum, ^ , with a query. Halictus
atrifornts — one cJ , Sutton Coldfield, August, 1895. Passalmcus monilicornis — one

An [Februarj-,

? , Sutton, July, 1895. Odynerus Itevipes-ivro, in June, 1893, Wyre Forest ; Mr.
Saunders says, he does not think it has been taken for years, but Wyre Forest
must be a good locality for it, as Mr. Martineau also has taken sjveral there.

Other species perhaps worth noting captured last year are : — Ponera eontracta
— one ? of this rare ant in my garden in July. Crahro tibialis and clavipes—a,ho
from Sutton. Tlie following from Bournemouth -.—Formica exsecta, Crahro pal-
■mipes and varius, Wesmaeli, elongatulus, Eumenes coarctata and nests, one ? as late
as September 9th, Halictus leucozonius, prasinus, leucopus and punctatissimus, An-
drenafuscipes, coitana and Afzeliella, Nomada alboguttata. — Ralph C. Beadley,
Sutton Coldfield : January, 1897.

Boreus hiemalis near Edinburgh.— 1 am glad to find that this insect is again
being found in Britain, after having been overlooked (there can hardly be any other
explanation) for many years. In the " Annals of Scottish Natural History " for
January, 1897, Mr. William Evans, F.R.S.E., of Edinburgh, records it from seven or
eight localities at the foot of the Pentland Hills in October and November last, and
apparently not rare. He says the favourite habitat is an old moss-grown wall or
tree-trunk, and the mode of capture is by shaking the moss over paper in the
ordinary way. — R. McLachlan, Lewishara, London : January 5th, 1897.

Roddies.

BiHMiXGHAM Entomological Society : November l&lh, 1896.— Mr. G-. T.
Bethune-Baker in the Chair.

Mr. W. H. Wilkinson exhibited a collection of insects made in the Madeira
and Canary Islands in February, March and April last, and gave an account of his
visit to the Islands and of the collection. He visited Funchal (Madeira), Orotava
(Teneriffe) and Las Palmas (Grand Canary), Orotava being the best collecting ground.
He found Anosia Plexippus and A. Chrysippus very plentifully, especially the former,
in Grand Canary ; Vanessa Callirhoe was also common in Grand Canary ; Vanessa
cardui and V. Euntera both occurred ; Gonoptera Cleopatra was common. Dia-
dema Bolina from Orotava, a species only discovered there last year, and Deilephila
tithymali from Las Palmas, a species peculiar to the Canaries, and many others.
Mr. Betliune-Baker said that the most interesting species in the collection were
Pararge xiphia from Madeira, and P. xiphioides from Grand Canary, two closely
allied but distinct species, peculiar to the Madeiras and Canaries respectively ; also
Lyccena Webbiana, of which there were four specimens, this being an interesting little
species restricted to the Canaries. He called attention to the fact that the
G. Cleopatra from these Islands differ decidedly from the Mediterranean form of
the species. He also showed series of Pieris brassic<B and P. Wollastoni from
Madeira, and P. cheiranthi from Canary, and pointed out the curious fact that
Wollastoni, although nearer to the European brassicrt than cheiranthi, is as yet the
more widely divergent species ; also a series of Lycmna JVebhiana ; also Anthocharis
Charlonia from Algeria, a species which he said also occurred in the Canaries. Mr.
Kenrick said that the most curious feature in the Canary Islands fauna was the
occurrence of American forms. Vanessa Euntera occurred only in the Canaries and
America, and A. Plexippus, which is common in the Canaries, is an American species.

1897.] 47

Mr. Bethune-Baker said that in working at the moths he had noticed American
affinities in several groups, particularly in the genus Phlogophora, which was much
more American than European. Mr. Bradley, for Mr. J. W. Moore, a remarkable
vai'iety of Arctia Caia, bred from a lot of larvse collected locally and reared under
natural conditions ; the markings were all in tlieir usual positions and forms, but
the whole insect was of a rich dark brown, the markings on the hind-wings showing
black, and on the fore-wings a lighter brown. Mr. J. T. Fountain, Argynnis Aurinia,
from Umberslade ; a bleached Specimen of Epinephele Janira, from Wyre Forest ;
a specimen of Vanessa lo, from Kniver Edge, the two sides of which were unequal
in size ; a specimen of Vanessa Atalanta, with white spots in the red bands, from
Bournemouth, and anotlier from Himley, near Dudley, with the red bands broken.
A specimen of Apatura Iris, in which the bands of the fore-wings on the upper-
side were small and bent inwards, and on the under-side were only shown as paler
bars, not white ones ; the under-sides were altogether very slightly marbled, nearly
plain, with less wliite on the fore-wings than usual ; the purple iridescence on the
upper-sides could be seen on all the wings at once, not on one side only at a time,
as usual. Mr. W. Bowater, a lot of butterflies, unnamed, collected about 500 miles
up the Niger river. Mr. Kenrick said that one Pieris seemed to be new to him.
Mr. H. Taylor, Luperina cespitis, from Yardley ; Eiigoiiia erosaria and Tethea
subtusa, from Wyre Forest, and Cirrhoedia xerampelina taken this autumn at
Stechford. Mr. G. W. Wynn, Gortyna flavago, from Sutton ; Neuroiiia popularis,
from Yardley ; Hoporina croceago, a bred series from Wyre Forest ; Trichiura
crataegi, from Wyre ; Asphalia diluta, from Sherwood Forest, and CaJocampa exoleta,
from Sutton. Mr. Or. H. Kenrick, Tephrosia crepuscularia and linndularia, and
expressed the opinion that they were but one species and that locally it was single
brooded and consisted of light and dark forms mixed. Mr. H. Foster Newey, a
number of drawings of larvse. A communication from Mr. R. W. Fitzgerald was
read, giving a list of the Macro-Lepidoptera collected and observed by him within a
radius of four miles of Uley, near Dursley, Glos. It contained the names of 286
species, and included Vanessa Antiopa, taken on November 3rd last ; Chaerocampa
porcellus, abundant this year; Setina irrorella (1)) ; Xanthia aurago, common in
1895 ; Folia flacicincta; Chariclea umbra, one at sugar, 1896; Phibalapteryx tersata
and vitalhata, &c. Mr. R. C. Bradley, a collection of Diptera, &c., made at Bourne-
mouth during the first fortnight of August this year ; it included Geranomyia unicolor,
Xanthogramma ornata, Myopa fasciata, Miltogramma punctata, and conica, Idia
lunata, &c., the last species is only in Mr. Verrall's list of reputed British species.

December 2lst, 1896.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Bethune-Baker showed, for Mr. Abbott, three specimens of a Lyccena taken
by Mr. C. B. Antram at Upfield, Sussex; they were females, and were suffused
with blue, and were believed by the captor to be hybrids between Icarus and Agestis.
Mr. Bethune-Baker said they were a not unusual form of the female of Icarus, which
he had from several localities. Mr. R. C. Bradley, Emmelesia ericetata from Inver-
ness-shire, &c. Mr. P. W. Abbott, a fine bred series of Agrotis Ashworthii ; they
had been reared from eggs laid this year by a bred pair, and had been got through
by forcing ; he also showed a yellowish specimen of Arctia Caja, and a specimen of
A.fuliyinosa, in which the black markings of the hind-wings had been splashed

48 'February, 1897.

across the fore part of the wings. Mr. Martineau, a very fine plioto shde by Mr.
R. W. Chase, of larvse of Sphinx lignstri. Mr. Bethune-Baker, spiders taken by
Mr. W. H. Wilkinson in the Canaries and Madeira. — Colbrax J. Wainwbight,
Hon. Secretary.

Lancashire and Cheshiee Entomological Society : December \Uh, 1896.
— S. J. Capper, Esq., F.L.S., F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

A paper was read by Dr. J. Harold Bailey, entitled, " Notes on a day's Beetle
Collecting in Shropshire," in which he recounted the various species taken, and
stated it was a ground over which the late Charles Darwin had often worked for
Coleopterous insects. Mr. H. B. Prince, a paper, entitled, " Experiences in
Lepidoptera in 1896." The author, after referring to the general scarcity of
insects in 1896, especially in the autumn, drew attention to the controversy now
going on as to whether Lepidoptera were over collected to extermination, which
led to considerable discussion. Mr. Pierce stated that no one who had ever visited
the fen district and such places as Barnwell Wold could for a moment believe that
over collecting could account for the disappearance of Poltfommatus dispar or
Lyccena Arion. That Liverpool Entomologists were especially favourably situated
for noticing local species, and mentioned Nys.tia zonaria, which in some seasons
■was so abundant that it was impossible to walk without treading on larvae at
each stride, every now and then had gradually disappeared entirely from a locality,
and would certainly have been lost had they not been re-introduced by Mr. Gregson
and others. Bomhyx trifolii was very similar, but efforts to re-establish Lycana
Arion and Orgyia dispar had entirely failed, even for one season, although the
latter had been tried many hundreds of times in different parts of the country.
The opinion of those present being that it was not man but other agencies that
accounted for certain species disappearing from Great Britain. Dr. Bailey exhibited
a large number of Coleoptera, the result of the day's collecting. Mr. Prince,
Lepidoptera to illustrate his paper. The President, a long series of Argynnis
Paphia and Melitaa Artemis. Mr. Pierce, Vanessa c-album and var. Mutchinsoni.
Mr. Webster, pieces of wood infested by Cossus ligniperda, fi'om a garden at
Huyton. — F. N. Pierce, Hon. Secretary, The Elms, Dingle, Liverpool.

Entomological Society of London : Sixty-Fourth Annual Meeting,
January 20th, 1897- — Professor Eaphael Meldola, F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

It was announced that the following gentlemen had been elected as Officers and
Council for the Session 1897-8 : — President, Mr. Roland Trimcn, F.R.S. ; Treasurer,
Mr. R. McLachlan, F.R.S. ; Secretaries, Messrs. W. F. H. Blandford, M.A., F.Z.S.,
and F. Merrifield ; Librarian, Mr. G. C. Champion, F.Z.S. : and as other Members
of the Council, Sir G. F. Hampson, Bart., B.A., Rev. Canon W. W. Fowler, M.A.,
F.L S., and Messrs. H. Goss, F.L.S., M. Jacoby, O. Salvin, F.R.S., J. W. Tutt, and
G. H. Verrall. Professor Meldola delivered an Address. A vote of thanks to the
retiring President was moved by Lord Walsingham and seconded by Mr. Salvin, and
carried ; Prof. Meldola replied. A vote of thanks to the other OfTicers was moved
by Prof. Poulton, seconded by Mr. Trimen, and carried. Messrs. McLachlan and
Goss replied.

^ T'^^'^^^^'^^^^'Y''*^

49

arch, 1897.]

ON THE BAELY STAGES OF METSIOCNEMUS FPSCIPJIS. Mo.

BY CLAUDE MORLEY F.E.S., &c.

I was fortunate enough to obtain many curions '^ "^

interior of .otten stn.p. .atn.ated with --~;;^^;^-"t;

Bentley Woods, near
Ipswich, and also in
Epping Forest, during
the early spring of last
year. Not recognising
them, and thinking they
might be of interest, I
placed them, together
with a large piece of
their pabulum, beneath
a bell glass. They be-
came pupae during the
last week of February,
from which the imagines
were emerging from
March 14th to 20th. I
subsequently sent a pair
to my friend Mr. F. V.
Theobald, B.A., F.E.S.,
who was good enough to
name them for me.
The larva is cylindri-
__ eal, of a dark slate-

^^' ' .• ^ colour, and, when f ull-
^•^'^■^''''^' fed, about 2i lines long.

+

It is ..regarious, and, like that of various Tentkredinid^. .s found
feeding side by side in an almost straight row ; this is more especally
Z caL when the larva is young, since, when nearly matured, one o
two sometimes stray to a little distance. Each segment bears several
bristles, which appear to perform a very necessary dnty^ Th damp
wood in which the larva, live is, of course, excessively liable to the
attacks of mould, and were it not that these bristles catch and hold
the damp at a distance from them (absorbing -t rn some way I do no
unders. nd) very few would escape this dreaded foe to the nisect
world Ver; curious the larva looks covered, at a measurable distance
from its body, by a silver coating of dew-drops. ^

50 [March,

The pupa (figs. 1 and 2) is yellow and shining, with a little
horn at the base of the wing-covering, and a peculiar projection
on each side of the anterior margin of the disc of the thorax, which,
when the pupa is alive, tapers from apex to base, as shown in fig. 1, but
after the insect has emerged, its base shrivels, leaving an almost
orbicular ball at its apex. The pupa never entirely casts off the skin
of the larva, but retains it at the base of the fifth segment. The fly
emerges usually early in the morning, and soon dies. All my speci-
mens are decidedly dull and not " rather shining," as described by
Mr. Theobald.*

Everton House, Tpswicli :
January, 1897.

ON THE USE OF THE TERM TEGULA IN DIPTERA.
BY D. SHARP, M.A., F R.S., &c.

Dr. Meade is quite right in protesting against the use of the term
tegula for the calyptron of flies. The word is applied in other Orders
of Insects to quite other parts connected with the wing, and it would
be unfortunate if it should receive the application originally proposed
for it in Diptera by Baron Osteu Sacken. I do not, however, under-
stand the memoir of Osten Sacken referred to by Dr. Meade (Berl.
Ent. Zeitschr., 1896, p. 2S5) in quite the same way as our distinguished
British Dipterologist has done, for it appears to me clear that Osten
Sacken in it declines to justify the use of the terms tegula and
antitegula, and suggests that in place of them (see p. 288, I. c.) the
terms squama and antisquama should be used in a correct nomenclature.
In such case the calyptron would mean the squama when it acts as a
covering for the halter. This would be the more convenient nomen-
clature, because there are cases in which the squama does not act as a
calyptron. Thus we could describe the Tahanidce as possessing an
erect squama, but it would be scarcely connect to call it a calyptron.
Hence the reformed nomenclature proposed by Baron Osten Sacken
seems to mc to meet all the requirements of the case, and we can only
hope that he will himself consent to use it, instead of continuing the
incorrect application of the term tegula.

Cambridge : February, 1897.

"An Account of British Flies," vol. i, p. IS

1897.] 51

OCCURRENCE OF " SADENA" MAILLARDI, IliiB., IN THE
SHETLAND ISLES.

BT C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S.

When looldng over the recent captures of my friend Mr. Percy
M. Bright in the Shetland Isles, a few days ago, I was struck with the
singular appearance and unusual shape of the fore-wings of one of
his specimens of Grymodes exuUs ; indeed, it reminded me much more
of Mamestra hrassiccB than of the more usual variations of C. exulis.
Further examination and comparison with a specimen of ''■ Hadena''
MaiUardi in my own collection, and figures of that species in the
works of Hiibner and Herrich-Schaffer, make it quite clear that this
specimen belongs to that form, which is given rank (with doubt) as a
distinct species by Staudinger.

The antennae of this specimen, wliich is a male, are finely ciliated, dark brown ;
head and thorax pale grey-brown dusted with black, and the thoracic crests tipped
with the same; abdomen pale yellowish-brown, with a small black-tipped crest on
the basal segment ; fore-wings long, with a rather straight costa, the apex acutely
rounded, and the hind margin rounded and very oblique ; colour pale yellowish-
brown, abundantly dusted with black and marbled with brown ; basal line black,
abbreviated, and interrupted ; first line also black, indented, and forming three long
irregular curves ; second line blackish, obscure, indented throughout so as to form a
series of small crescents, each of these three lines edged with a line of pale ground-
colour ; subterminal line dusky yellowish-white, indented and irregular, edged
inwardly with small, cloudy, black, triangular spo.ts ; orbicular stigma ovate, oblique,
whitish-brown edged with black, and throwing off an oblique pale streak to the
costal margin ; reniform stigma dark brown edged with whitish and margined with
black, and forming the most conspicuous marking on the wing, being set off by a
ratlier blackened space beyond it; claviform stigma black margined, but obscure ; in
the space between the second and subterminal lines is a row of very faint, round,
■whitish dots (which in the figures are much more conspicuous) ; cilia dark brown
dashed with yellowish. Hind-wings pale smoky-brown, with the central lunule, a
slender transverse stripe beyond it, and the hind margin, darker ; cilia brownish-
white.

As before remarked, from the comparative narrowness and acute-
ness of its fore-wings, their generally mottled appearance, and the
white-edged i-eniform stigma, it bears a curious resemblance to Ma-
mestra hrnssicce, but this is purely casual ; its character of markings is
that of O. exulis, and among the Shetland specimens is another with
the fore-wings a very little broader and more blunt, the edging of
the stigma yellow, and a larger proportion of ochreous among the
marbling, thus leading on to the more usual specimens from that
locality in which the ochreous lines and streaks are so characteristic.
The shape of the fore-wings in On/modes exulis is notoriously incon-

52 [March.

stant, indeed, one of Mr. Bright's specimens (a female) has them of
unusual breadth ; and taking all circumstances into consideration,
although I am satisfied that this remarkable example is genuine
" Hadena " Maillnrdi of Hiibner, Herrich-Schiiffer, Hofmann, &c., it
appears equally certain that it is only one of the numerous variations
of Cri/modes exulis. Any one who looks at the figure labelled e^rw/Zs in
Professor Hofmann's recently published work, and observes that it is
drawn from one of the most obscure and dull looking forms of that
insect, will fully understand how natural it is to believe the form
Maillardi to be a distinct species. It is recorded as occurring in the
Alps, the Pyrenees, and the mountains of Norway, but I know of no
previous example in the British Isles.

39, Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E. :
January 1th, 1897.

TERACOLUS AUXO, Lucas, REARED FROM EGGS LAID BY
T. TOPHA, Wallenge.

BY GUY A. K. MARSHALL, F.Z.S.

In a not yet published paper recently read before the Zoological
Society I attempted to give a revision of the genus T<?ra<?o/ws, chiefly in
order to demonstrate the extreme seasonal variability of the majority of
the species. The assumption, however, that the differences exhibited
are seasonal, and not specific, was based entirely on observations in the
field, and not on breeding experiments ; but, considering that several
observers, both in India and South Africa, had independently arrived
at precisely similar conclusions on the subject, I felt quite satisfied
that the evidence was sufficiently reliable ; and, indeed, no one who
has had an opportunity of observing these insects in nature for several
seasons could possibly have any doubts on the matter. Apparently
it is the opinion of some entomologists that such evidence is inadequate,
and should not be accepted as proof of seasonal dimorphism until
one form has been actually bred from eggs laid by the other, and,
therefore, during a short visit last October to the Lower Tugela Eiver
in Natal, where the commoner TeracoU are fairly plentiful, I deter-
mined to obtain, if possible, some definite proof in support of my
beliefs. Although to some extent successful, I was disappointed at
not being able to accomplish more, but, unfortunately, it was an
exceptionally poor spring, and butterflies were unusually scarce, and,
moreover, I was a little too late, as the dry-season broods were prac-
tically over, being replaced by intermediate and early wet-season

1897.] 53

forms, which would not suit my purpose, as I wished to breed wet-
season specimens from eggs laid by dry-season ? s. However, I
obtained eggs from dry-season ? s of three species, but in only one
case was I successful in rearing the larvfe, viz., T. Topha, Wallgr.

On October 27th, I observed a ? of typical T. Toplia flying round
a straggling shrub (one of the Cappaondce) , on which I saw her deposit
four eggs. These were at first of a light yellow colour, but became
pink afterwards ; they were of the usual Pierid shai)e — elongate,
subfusiform, and fluted longitudinally. On the 30th, three larvae
hatched out, one of the eggs being infertile. The description of the
full-grown larva and pupa is as follows: —

Larva. — Uniform pea-green, with a narrow yellow lateral line, wliich does not
extend on to the thoracic segments. Upper surface smooth, with no trace of hairs
or tubercles.

Pwpa.— General shape not unlike that of T. Pleione, Kl. (P. Z. S., 1896, pi. x,
fig. 18), but decidedly more slender, and the wing-covers rather less prominent. Its
most distinct feature is the long cephalic horn, which is nearly as long as thorax,
and curves slightly backwards. Colouring adaptive, varying from pale pinkish-sandy,
with darker mottling through every sliade, to uniform pale green. The brown tints,
however, predominate, even when tlie pupae are attached to the leaves of the food-
plant, being probably influenced by the brown stems of the shrub, as the only pure
green pupae I ever obtained were from larvae which pupated when the supply of
food-plant happened to consist only of young twigs, which were entirely green.

The development of these larvae was very rapid, the larval stage
occupying only 12 days in two instances, and 13 in the third ; the
pupal stage in all cases occupied 8 days, thus making 23 days from
the laying of the egg to the emergence of the perfect insect. Two
of the specimens emerged on November 19th, and the third on the
20th, all of them being undoubted cJs of T. Auxo, Lucas ; thus defi-
nitely proving that T. Toplia is only a seasonal form of that species.

It is perhaps worth noting that although the larvae were reared
under precisely similar conditions, the imagos differed somewhat in
the development of the black markings on the upper-side. The two
earlier specimens had the hind marginal border in the fore-wings com-
paratively narrow, and had no sign of black along the inner edge of
apical patch. This is the early wet-season form. The third example,
however, had the border slightly broader and more thickened towards
posterior angle, and also exhibited a trace of black scaling along inner
edge of patch, thus showing an approach to the more heavily marked
full wet-season form. Although I am of opinion that the augmenta-
tion of the upper-side black markings in Teracolus is probably due
directly to climatic causes — as opposed to the protective action of

54, [March,

natural selection, which has probably influenced the under-side colora-
tion— yet in this particular instance the cause of the difference in the
specimens is by no means apparent, as they were reared under
absolutely identical conditions, and I certainly hesitate to attribute it
to the fact that one of them was a day longer in the larval stage.

Estcourt, Natal :

January, 1897.

SOME FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON BRITISH OAK GALLS.
BY G. C. BIGNELL, F.E.S.

Andricus (ApniLOTiiRix) corticis. — According to Cameron's
Monograph, vol. iv (Ray Soc), on the Oak Galls, the time of the
appearance of this fly is July ; from my observations it is March and
April. AVhen collecting galls in Cann Wood, in December, 1892, I
found a cluster of galls of A. corticis embedded in new bark growing
over an old wound caused by a cart wheel two or three years previously ;
in removing the galls I accidentally opened one during the Work of
removal, and I then observed that the fly was perfectly mature and ready
to emerge, its companions, however, did not make their way out until
March 4th following.

Andricus (Aphiloturix) globuli. — Cameron and Adler state
that this fly appears in April ; my experience is January. I was very
fortunate in obtaining galls from Dr. Chapman of Hereford on October
]3th, 1894, at this time they were quite ripe and falling to the ground.
In January, 1896, from 2nd to the 14th, I bred 25 flies out of 238
galls received ; relying on the above authorities, I did not keep a
sharp look out for them, consequently I have no doubt many escaped
in December.

Andricus ramuli. — With reference to my note, Ent. Mo. Mag.,
September, 1895, I mentioned having only bred males ; from a gall
obtained at Loddiswell last June I bred males and females, the great
majority, however, were the latter.

Andricus (Aphilothrix) fecundatbix. — A few notes I have
of this species may be of some assistance to a future writer on oak
galls. In August, 1887, I collected a number of these galls, and as
the flies did not appear in April, 1889, I made a search in June and
opened several ; those operated upon contained fat, full grown larvse.
1 placed one in a glass tube, on September 10th it had changed to pupa,
and on the 23rd to a fly. In May, 1890, 1 opened the remainder, about

isor.j 55

a dozen galls, and the inmates were still in the larval stage. Having
succeeded with the other in a glass tube, I placed these in similar
receptacles, two only changed to pupa, one on June 30th, 1890, and
emerged on July 25th, the other passed its excrement on July 8th,
changed to pupa on the 14th ; eyes began to colour on the 21st ; the
ocelli darkened on the 25th ; by August 5th the whole insect was
coloured dark green, two days later it was black ; on August 14th,
1890, the perfect fly appeared. Others obtained in September, 1890,
produced flies March 19th, 1892 ; another lot was obtained in Sep-
tember, 1893, and arrived at maturity April 13th, 1895.

Andricus pilosus.— Cameron does not state when these flies
appear, he simply says, "galls found on ^ catkins in May," which is
correct, and galls obtained by me in May, 1888, produced flies on
June 10th following, and those collected in May, 1S95, produced flies
on May 22nd. No parasite is mentioned; I have, however, bred
Pteromalus tibialis in June.

Drtophanta folii (= scuTELLAEis). — Camcron states, at page
123, that it "delivers the fly in October." My experience agrees with
that of Dr. Adler, viz., that the fly emerges in Januaiy or later,
according to the weather ; if it is a continuous sharp frost in early
spring it will remain in the gall until a thaw sets in ; I bred them in
1894 from January 18th to 25th.

Dryophanta longiventris. — At page 125 Cameron says, gall
" found in August, and becoming ripe in October, when the flies leave
them." I do not find this to be the case, those that I bred came out
in December, and in one instance four came out on the 31st.

TeIGONASPIS EENUM (mEGAPTERa) = BlORHIZA EENUM.

Cameron does not say when this apterous species may be expected to
emerge from the galls. On October 21st, 1893, 1 gathered a quantity
of these galls, they were then fully ripe and falling to the ground ; on
January 17th, 1895, I discovered three apterous flies walking about
the flower pot in which I kept the galls, and on examining the galls
that remained I found the flies had all escaped ; I presume, therefore,
that they emerged in December, 1894. On referring to Dr. Adler's
book, I find that was also his experience. With regard to the sexual
form of this species, megaptera, the gall Cameron says appears in
May, but he does not say when the flies emerged ; I have always bred
them during the first half of June.

Stonehouse, Plymouth :

February 8th, 1897.

5(5 [March,

NOTES ox OLIGOTOMA INSULARIS, McLach. {EMBIIDM), AND ITS
IMMATURE CONDITIONS.

BY E. C. L. PERKINS, B. A.

This interesting species is found throughout the Hawaiian group,
but not at high altitudes, 2000 feet above sea level being probably
about the limit of its range. The places frequented by it are very
various : in the mountains it is generally found in the interior of dead
branches ; lower down, on or under the bark of trees ; and on the
dry and barren lowlands of the lee side of the islands, beneath the
rocks which strew the ground.

In any case the insects spin webs resembling those of spiders,
consisting of simple tubes, others more diffuse containing tubes, and
sometimes simple masses of web. In these tubes they live, at least by
day, but the winged males fly rather freely at night, and are readily
attracted by the lights in houses. On the dry rocky ground the}' are
sometimes the most abundant element of the scanty fauna, one or more
being found under nearly every stone. Even as many as a score of very
minute individuals will inhabit a single mass of web ; of adults three
or four under one rock is a common number, or about a dozen adults
and younger individuals mixed. Under rocks I have found the num-
ber of adult females to far exceed that of the males, which may have
been partly due to season, or to the activity of the latter, which fly
away on acquiring their wings. Sometimes the female will run off
with great speed when disturbed like the most active earwigs ; pro-
bably such individuals have, at the time when they are exposed, strayed
from their webs, for, as a rule, they keep hidden in these until they
are dx'iven out. Within their tubes they run with ease and quickness
backwards or forwards ; when exposed they prefer to run backwards,
and the speed with which they do so is quite remarkable.

The first trace of wing formation that I could detect was in an
individual not greatly inferior in size to the adult male. This begins
as a slight modification of those lateral portions of the meso- and
metanota which are curved downwards, but apparently includes also a
portion of their true dorsal surface. The boundaries are defined by
the slight difference in colour of the parts which form the rudiments
of the wings, for these parts are lighter in colour than the rest of the '
nofa, though of the same chitiuous texture. They are also delineated
by very faintly impressed lines, extremely difficult to see except in
very favourable position and light. Already the inferior lateral
margins of the nota appear to be slightly raised or reflexed, and the
apices of the wing rudiments project slightly beyond the posterior

1897 ] 57

margin of their respective segments, as minute free lobes. These lobes
can be seen with a fairly powerful lens, and are obvious with the aid
of a microscope.

In a later stage the inner margin of the basal half of the wing-
pads is still firmly attached to the whole length of the side of the now
obviously triangular nota ; but their line of union is now marked by
deep grooves, whereas in the earlier stage the triangular shape was
only apparent by indistinct darker lines on the pale ground-colour,
and very faint and indistinct impressed lines. The free apical lobes
have now greatly increased in size, and are equal in length to that of
the nota, of which they are outgrow'ths, so that the front wing-pads
now extend as far back as the middle of the hinder pair, or about as
far back as the base of the metanotum. Hairy themselves and with
fringed margins, each bears a red-brown longitudinal line near its
outer margin — probably the large radial vein of the mature insect, in
which this vein is itself bordered on each side with reddish colour.
The part of the wing-pads attached to the nota {i. e , the basal portion)
is still more chitinous than the free apical jmrts, which are somewhat
thick and swollen. Two individuals, however, agreeing in all other
respects, had the w'ing-pads more of the texture of the adult, so it is
not improbable that this condition may have been attained by another
moult.

In the adult the wings are again greatly increased in length, and
have become thin, soft and flimsy. The meso- and metanota form two
triangular pieces, one behind the other. The main attachment of the
wings is at the anterior angles, but along the whole length of the sides
of the nota is a thin fringe, arising from the base of wings, and ob-
viously a part of them. This fringe is now the only trace of the
firm connection of the inner margin of the bases of the wing with
the whole sides of the nota, as exhibited in the earlier stages.

The female has no such complicated structure of the nota, but
they remain through life in much the same condition as in the young
of either sex. The abdomen of the female is cylindrical and com-
paratively stout, that of the male flattened and depressed. Apart
from the very different structure of the notal sclerites, and the absence
of wings, the female has comparatively less developed eyes, and the
joints of the antennae moniliform— decidedly less elongated than those
of the male.

In the Cambridge Natural History ("Insects," Part 1, p. 351) a
reproduced figure is given of Oligotoma Miehaeli, McLach., which, but
for the presence of wings, agrees pretty well in general form with the

58 [March,

female of the Hawaiian species, of which that sex is always wingless.
But the structure of the uieso- and metanota of the male of the latter
and the mode of the attachment of the wings, make it very doubtful
whether the two species could be placed in the same genus. I imagine
Oligotoma insularis to be a highly abnormal species. In the book
mentioned above we read (/. c, p. 352), "When they" (Embiidcs)
" bear wings,* there is no modification or comhi7iation of the segments
for the purposes of fight, the condition of these parts heing, even then,
that of iniiigless insects : so that the Embiidce that have wings may be
described as apterous-like insects provided with two pairs of inefficient
wings." From the great difference between the meso- and metanota
of the (^ and ? of the Hawaiian species, it is evident that the simple
structure of the latter sex is not always present in the former. The
more complicated structure of these parts in the (^ appears partly at
least for the purpose of packing the wings flatly on the back and se-
curing them so, for it is almost as difficult to extend these as the wings
of ForfcuJa.

In one group of specimens captured I found a (^ with only the
stumps of the wings remaining. It is probable, however, that this
had been caused by some predatory creature, and not that they had
been voluntarily removed.

Lahaina, Maui, Hawaiian Islands :
January, 1897.

COLEOPTEEA, &c., IN THE NESTS OF ACULEATE RTMEXOPTERA.
BY W. H. TUCK, M.A.

Since the publication of my list of Inquilines in wasps' and bees'
nests (Eut. Mo. Mag., 2nd ser., vii, pp. 153-155) I added last autumn
the following : —

VespA CEABEO. — Lathridius minutus, Cryptophagus scanicus, C. badias.

V. GEEMANICA. — Quedius hrevicornis, Philonthus laminatus , P. ebetiinus,
LcemophlcBUS ferrugineus, Oxytelus inustus, Apioti assimile.

V. TULGAEis. — Notiophilus pahistris (probably a casual intruder), Bemhidium
fampros, Ilomaluta gregaria, H. sodalis, liomalium exiguum, Cryptophagus dis-
tinguendus.

V. SYLVESTEis. — Dromius linearis, Niptus hololeucus.

BOMBUS TEEEESTEis. — Heterothops 4:-piinctula, Antherophagus nigricornis.

B. MUSCOEUM. — Metahlettis truncatellus (I found quite 30 in one nest only),
Homalota ignobilis, Tachyporus tersus, T. humerosus, T. brunneus, Medon proplnquus,
Tachinus marginellus, Plectroscelis concinna.

The italics are mine.— R. C. L. P.

1897.] 50

Also Antkocoris sylvestris, Lyctocoris campestris, and Rhyparochromus chiragra
(Hem.-Heteropt.).

I took a iew Diptera, but I hope to obtain many more in tbe early
summer from the old nests which I have preserved.

As I was very successful in finding Metcecus, I devote a special
paragraph to it.

I got 49 out of 41 nests. Only a dozen nests, however, contained
it:— August 1st, 12; 4th, 2; 10th, 8; 15th, 2; 22nd, 2 ; 23rd, 2 ;
31st, 1 ; September 1st, 7 ; 7th, 4 ; Sth, 4 ; I4th, 4 ; 17th, 1. Several
nests examined after this date showed signs of the parasite, but it had
departed, as this wasp {V. vuJr/r/ris) was very early in 1896.

I consider the period given the best for this work, but in a late
season 1 have taken Metcecua as late as October 2nd.

The following table shows the different results of other years : —

1891 ...

Nests opened.
... . 11 ..

Nests with MeUecus

3

1892 ..

5 ...

... . 0

1893 ...

17 ...

4

1894 ...

17 ...

2

1895 ...

15 ...

1

From this it may be inferred that any one attempting this work
must have plenty of leisure, and be prepared to undergo much labour.
He should know, or be told of, every nest (say) within a mile radius of
his house. (I give a small reward for the discovery of each wasp's nest,
provided it has not been tampered with.) He should be able to tell
at a glance, by the flight and manner of the wasps, whether they are
of the right kind, viz., V. vulc/aris (the small "anchor-faced" wasp),
and to form an opinion, by the number of workers going in and out, of
the proper time to take the nest ; and also, of course, to take it properly,
and bring it home intact for examination after digging it out.

The nests in banks with rough herbage, or inside, and by the edge
of woods, are the most productive, and certain banks facing south often
contain the host and parasite year after year. The nests in open fields
rarely yield anything. A nest of V. germanica, although close by,
never contains the parasite, which I have taken in tree-stumps, and
once in a hot-bed in a walled garden (August Ist, September 7th).

The parasite is reared either \n the male or worker cells, generally
near the edge or quite in the centre, and it is very often impossible to
tell without tearing away the lid, whether the cell contains a wasp or
parasite, which, when liberated, rushes quickly out, and often takes to
flight.

QQ [March,

Further than this, I fear that the life-history of Met cecus para-
doxus is still a mystery, especially as to how the females pass the winter,
and how the species is propagated when the seasons are adverse to
the wasps.

It is quite possible that the nests of V. riifa may also contain
MetcEcus, but 1 have had no opportunity of studying this wasp,
which is rare in East Anglia.

Bury St. Edmunds :

January 2Sth, 1897.

Strophosomu.tfuhicornis, Walton. — On April 18th last, while beating the young
hazels and birches in a wood in this neighbourhood, I noticed S. capitatus in pro-
fusion, and, as the specimens sliowed great variation in size and colour, I captured a
very large number for examination, expecting to find S.fulvicoruis, Walt., amongst
them. In this I was not disappointed, as there were several examples agreeing
sufficiently well with Walton's description. The uniformity in the colour of the
depressed scales, and the shorter, sparser, and finer suberect hairs (or hair-like scales)
on the elytra — two of the main characters relied upon by Walton — prove to be of
no specific value when a long series is examined. In some specimens {fulvicornis,
Walt.) the seriate, suberect hairs are extremely short, fine, and widely scattered on
the elytra, becoming longer and more distinct on the apical declivity ; and in others
{capiiatus, De Geer) they are long and conspicuous throughout. Another character
relied upon by Walton is the subremotely punctured thorax in S. fulvicornis, and
the rugulosely punctured thorax in .S. capitatus ; but when the scales are removed
I am unable to detect any difference. The largest examples are extremely like S.
coryli, from which they differ in having the suture of the elytra not denuded of
scales at the base, the elytra themselves rounded at the sides below the shoulders
(instead of subparallel, as in S. coryli), and the thorax less constricted behind, and
more transverse. <S. fulvicornis, reinstated as a distinct species in Fowler's
"Coleoptera of the British Islands" (v, p. 190) (1891), and in Sharp and Fowler's
" Catalogue " (1893), cannot, in my opinion, be regarded as anything more thsin an
extreme form of the very variable iS. capitatus, De Greer (= obesus. Marsh.).
Walton himself rather doubted the distinctness of his species, his description having
been taken from three specimens only, these being from Parley Heath. — G. C.
Champion, Horsell, Woking : February 2nd, 1897.

Zeugophora- flavicoUis, Marsh. — British specimens of this species, which has
recently been found, singly, by Messrs. F. Waterhouse and B. G. Rye, on Wimbledon
Common, and, in some numbers, by Mr. B. S. Harwood, near Colcliester, have the
legs entirely yellow or reddish-yellow, as described by Marsham, in 1802, in his
" Coleoptera Britannica " (p. 217), and as figured by Stephens.* Weise [Naturg.
Ins. Deutschl., vi, p. 58 (1881)] describes three forms of Z.^duicoW/s, taking the one
with infuscate or black hind femora as the type (though Marsham distinctly states

* 111. Brit. Ent., Mand., iv, t. 22, fig. 4.

1897.] Gl

that his insect has pale legs) ; he gives as varieties : — a, austraUs, Weise (femoribus
posticis rufo-flavis), and, b (elytris sub humeris rufo-flavis). Our British insect
belongs to liis var. a, and the name australis, Weise, cannot, of course, be used for
it, as the definition applies exactly to the form described by Marsham. I captured
a long series of the form with dark hind femora at Mendel, in the Austrian Tyrol,
at an elevation of about 4000 feet, in July last ; these specimens are not nearly so
large as any of the British examples I have seen, some of them being very small.
They were found upon Populus tremula, the only food-plant mentioned by Weise.
Z. scutellaris, SufFr., in one of its varieties (frontalis, Suffr.), closely resembles Z.
flavicollis, but may be known from it by the moi-e pubescent body, &c. ; it is the
only European species of the genus not found in Britain. — Id. : Jan. 23rd, 1897.

Notes on the Coleoptera of the Liverpool district, 1896. — The Liverpool district,
which comprehends S.W. Lancashire and W. Cheshire, shai'ed in the general climatic
conditions common to the rest of the country during last year. An exceptionally
mild winter, an early spring, a hot and extremely dry May and June, were succeeded
by a general break of the weather in July, and a late summer, wet and inclement
beyond the average.

It may be interesting to record the salient features of such a year, as regards
the local Coleoptera. There seems no reason to doubt that the correlation between
atmospheric conditions and the absence or abundance of any species of insect is
fundamental and persistent, although often indirect and always exceedingly complex.
Did, however, annual records exist over a sufficient number of years, giving on one
hand accurate meteorological statistics, and on the otlier the observed entomological
phenomena of any certain district, it is certain that such observations would afford
valuable material for investigation into what seems one of the most difficult problems
of entomological biology — the disparity between the annual scenes of individual
occurrences in any sequence of years, the extraordinary extremes experienced by the
same species in seasons of scarcity and seasons of abundance.

In this district the most prominent features of the past year were : — early
appearance and brief continuance of all species up to the end of June ; comparative
scarcity of Oeodephaqa and Staphylinidre ; abundance of Phytopliaga ; particular
relative abundance of Longicornia ; extreme paucity of imaginal life during July
and August ; and almost utter absence of usual autumnal fungivorous species.

Turning more to detail, we have to record as species not previously noted in our
district: — Silpha obscura, Aphthona ccerulea (Payk.), Ernohius mollis, Apion
rufirostre, A. radiolus, A. cBneum, Hypera suspiciosa, Bagoiis tempestivus, Cceliodes
quercus, Ceuthorrhynchus marginatus, and Cionus scrophularice.

Of species of whose previous occurrence we have only single records during a
period of some twenty-five yeai's, we can report Heptaulacus villosus, PogonochcBrus
bideniatus, Strangalia arniata, Adimonia tanaceti, and Cassida obsoleta. Carabus
nitens, lost to local collectors for many years, occurred again this spring at Formby,
one of its old localities. MalacMus bipustulatus was abundant in June, having
only occurred in two previous years, and then very rarely. Clytus arietis, more
plentiful than in any previous year of which records have been kept. C. mysticus,
abundant in a single and very circumscribed locality. Gastrophysa raphani, gene-
rally a scarce insect, in the utmost profusion in May, and again in July, in certain

P2 [March,

localities. Ceuthorrhynchvs lUura, a species of which only a few specimens had been
occasionally met with, was exceedingly abundant on thistles, in June, all over the
district. Clonus scrophularice and C. pulchellus, the former new to the district, and
tlie latter only recorded once previously, were by no means rare on Scrophularia
and Verhascum i-especlively.

The above are some of the most noticeable features of the past year, as repre-
sented by the local Coleoptera. Of course, none of the species mentioned are by any
means generally rare, but their occurrence may be, perhaps, interesting, as showiuj^
how a local fauna may be modified by iiillucnces probably climatic. — W. E. SiiAUP,
Ledsham, Cheshire : February, 1897.

A'epophilus Bonnairei, Sign., on the Irish Coast. — The south-western distribution
in England of this interesting marine Hemipteron would naturally lead to an ex-
pectation of its occurrence on the south coast of Ireland. It is satisfactory,
therefore, to be able to record the capture of a specimen by my friend and colleague
Mr. A. R. Nichols. While engaged in collecting marine invertebrates near Dun-
garvan, Co. Waterford, for the Royal Irish Academy Flora and Fauna Committee,
he found the insect under a stone below high-water mark. — Geo. H. Caepentee,
Science and Art Museum, Dublin : January, 1897.

Food-plants of riatyptilia tesseradactyin, L. — I am afraid that in my notice
of the occurrence of this insect in Ireland {ante p. 25) I inadvertently gave one of
its food-plants two difPerent names — deriving that portion of my information, of
course, from continental authors. My old friend the Kev. E. N. Bloomfield writes,
quoting Mr. Hemsley of the Kcw Herbarium — " Onaphalium dioieum is a synonym
of Antennaria dioica. The name Gnaphalium arenarium has been applied to at
least four different plants, various species of Helichrysnm, and Gnaphalium luteo-
albiim, probably the plant intended. This (Jersey cudweed) grows in Jersey and
Guernsey, but is not wild in Britain.

With respect to Gnaphalium (Antennaria) dioieum, Bentham says, ''Abundant
in Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and many parts of England, descending occasionally
nearly to the coast level ; general habitat, mountain heaths, common in Northern
Europe, Asia and America to the Arctic Regions, and in the great mountain ranges
of Central and Southern Europe and Russian Asia."

I am greatly indebted to my friend for this correction ; the group of plants is
obscure, and the species often hard to determine. Little doubt need, I think, be
felt that the latter plant (Gnaphalium dioieum) is the food of this little "plume "
in its newly discovered Irish localities. — CnAS. G. Barrett, 39, Linden Grove,
Nunhead, S.E. : February, 1897.

Colias Hyale in Scotland. — I took a specimen in a clover field on August 5th
last. I saw it flying in the field, and was at once struck by its unusual colour, so
gave chase, but was not at once able to capture it. It did not, however, leave the
field, and after waiting some time my chance came at last. It settled on some clover
near, and with a cautious approach and a quick down sweep of the net I landed it
all right. I need not say that I was astonished when I saw what I had got, but I
misnamed it C. Edusa, and have not before mentioned the capture because my book

1897.] G3

said that it was one of our common species. — J. R. Mallocii, Bonliill, Dumbarton-
shire : February, 1897.

[This specimen, which Mr. Mallocii has allowed me to examine, is of great in-
terest, not only from the extreme rarity of the species in Scotland, but also from its
remarkable beauty. It is of the more yellow variety, and the black borders of both
fore and hind-wings are more fully developed than in almost any individual of the
species which I have seen ; so much is this the case that I do not at all wonder
the captor should have supposed it to be the pale var. {Helice) of Colias Edusa. —
C. a. B.J.

Noctua depttiicta and Mania maura and its vars. in Roxhurglishire. — When
sugaring some trees here for NoctucB in the beginning of August last I took a
specimen of Noctua depuncta on a trunk of spruce fir, settled amongst common in-
sects such as T. pronitba, X. polyodon, &c. Mania maura at the same time was not
uncommon on the trunks (I note this species, not having taken it in this district
before), and I took a series of eleven fine specimens, including the coppery-brown
coloured variety, and another intermediate between the typical form and it, with the
orbicular and reniform spots having a distinctly paler outline, and also the marginal
border of hind-wings and the blotch or spot at apical angle of fore-wings much
lighter in colour and more distinctly defined. — A. Elliot, Caverton, Roxburgh,
N. B. : February 3rd, 1897.

Cedestis Gysselinella, Dup., in Norfolk. — As Mr. J. H. Durrant, in his note
(Ent. Mo. Mag.jSer. 2, vii, 228) on the occurrence of Cedestis Gysselinella at Merton
during the past season, says that he learns from Mr. Barrett that it is an addition
to the Norfolk list, it will doubtless interest them both to know that the insect had
been previously captured in that county by the Rev. C. R. Digby, who secured three
specimens, for the identification of which I am responsible, at Rockland on June
20th, 1893. During his visits to Norfolk Mr. Digby has met with several other
good local species, but as I believe that all of them are well known to occur there,
it is needless to mention them by name. — Eustace R. Bankes, The Rectory, Corfe
Castle : December 16th, 1896.

Albinic aberration of Catoptria ulicetana, Hw. — On May 10th, 1892, 1 captured
on the Isle of Purbeck (Dorset) coast an interesting male albino of Catoptria ulice-
tana, Hw. The fore-wings, which are in fair but not first-rate condition, are glossy
white tinged with cream-colour, especially towards the termen. The usual leaden-
metallic lines situated on either side of the ocelli are traceable, but are shining silvery-
white ; these are the only markings visible, nor are there any indications of the ocelli
themselves or of the ordinary costal strigulse. The hind-wings and all the cilia are
glossy white, and the other parts of the insect are proportionately pale. Fortunately
I had no difiiculty in identifying the specimen, for its flight, as well as its general
appearance when in the net, enabled me to recognise it at once as this species. —
Id. : January 9th, 1897-

Philopotamus montanus in February. — I noticed a fine specimen of this species
in our porch to-day, no doubt attracted the previous night by the light. Is not this
a very unusual date for this species ? — C. A. Beiggs, Rock House, Lynmouth :
February 17th, 1897.

[Certainly most unusual. — R. McL.].

64.

Societies.

Cambridge Entomological and Natural History Society: November
IZth, 1896.— Dr. Sharp, President, in the Chair.

Mr. Jones exhibited a local imago of Smerinthus tilicB with both its wings
deformed and correlative variation of marking. Mr. Rickard read a paper discussing
some questions in connection with the formation of Lepidopterous pupse, making
reference to the so-called " Poultoii's Line " and the criticisms of Dr. Chapman and
Mr. J. W. Tutt thereanent. He said tliat the proboscis of the pupa of the Death's
Head Moth is 40 mm. long, that of the imago is but 14 or 15 mm. He suggested
that the brevity might be in connection witli the habit of extracting honey, and also
that the reason why it was so rarely found in bee-hives in (his country might be
found in the construction of the hives. The object disclosed by the last moult of a
Lepidopterous larva resembles neither a caterpillar nor a pupa, but is much more
like the imago. There is also present a thick coating of gelatinous-looking material
enveloping the entire organism ; the external surface of this material rapidly hardens
and takes on the special form of the pupa. As the lower portion of it solidiGes it
shrinks away from the enclosed imago, with the result that the pupal imago is left
loose inside the pupal envelope, the only organic connection seeming to be the
tracheae that connect the imaginal with the pupal spiracles. Proof of the accuracy
of this statement is afPorded by tlie presence of wing-cases on the pupae of wingless
female moths. Thus the female of the " Vapourer," for instance, possessed imaginal
wings of average size at the last larval moult, such wings being subsequently
re-absorbed. The contradictory statements of Professor Poulton and Mr. Tutt are
easily reconciled if we suppose that the Professor's observations were made at an
early stage of pupal existence, while Mr. Tutt's were made immediately before
emergence of the imago.

January 15fh, 1897. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. Fleet exhibited a good specimen of a large weevil (Cleonus nehuJosns) from
the crop of a stone curlew purchased in the market ; it was suggested that a probable
locality for botli bird and beetle was Brandon. Dr. Sliarp,a fine mass of the cocoons
oi Aphomia sociella, picked up in the neighbourhood ; also some remarkable Dipterous
larvae, viz., an undescribed Tabanid larva from the New Forest, with feet disposed
all over the body, and somewhat allied to Tabanus spodopterus — he thought it
might he the hirva of Atylofits ; larva of Scenopinus fenestralis from Bucks; he
called attention to the importance of ascertaining whether this larva is injurious as
commonly supposed, or whether it is present in woollen goods only to destroy other
larvae, sucli as those of the clothes' moth ; larvae of Microdon found in Portugal by
Colonel Yerbury, which show no sign of segmentation ; also Idolothrips spectrum
sent by Mr. Froggatt from New South Wales.

January 2dth, 1897. — The President in the Chair.

The President exhibited a specimen of a large click-beetle of the genus Chalco-
lepidius, and showed that if the anterior parts were separated from the afterbody
and then replaced, the front part would be propelled to a distance from the body ;
he therefore concluded that the explanations ordinarily given of the jumping of the

1897.] 65

click-beetles were unsatisfactory, and he suggested that it might be found that the
act really depended on an elasticity arising from the mode in which the parts of the
mesothorax and elytra were sliaped and fitted together. Mr. Eickard read a paper
upon " Jumping Beans." He said that probably the larva, after consuming all the
kernel of the nut, attacked the shell ; in this endeavour to obtain food it breaks its
way out of the nut, while the struggles supply the motive force to which the jumping
is due. He thought that the actual motion was merely mechanical, and determined
by the formation of the Euphorbiaceous seed. — C. J. Wilkinson, Hon. Secretary.

Lancashire and Cheshire ENTOMOLoaicAL Society : February 8th, 1897.
— S. J. Capper, Esq., F.L.S., F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

The Eev. R. Freeman gave a lecture, entitled, " Elementary Biology and
Anatomy of Insects," in which he traced the connecting links from the protoplasmic
amoeba to the perfect insect, describing in detail the organs of nutrition, the nervous
system, breathing organs, &c., of insects. The lecture was fully illustrated by dia-
grams from the author's preparations. Mr. John Watson, of Manchester, exhibited
specimens of Belenois teutonia and nisea from Australia, and showed transitional
forms from the New Hebrides, proving that these two species must now be considered
as only local forms of the one ; he also showed Eurycus Cressida and form from
North Queensland. The Rev. A. M. Moss, a curious bronze coloured variety of
Amphidasis prodromaria captured by himself at Windermere. Mr. Gregson, a box
of asymmetrical specimens of Lepldoptera ; the collection included two fine varieties
oi Arctia Caja, the upper wings of one specimen being very different. — F. N. Pierce,
Hon. Secretary, The Elms, Dingle, Liverpool.

The Annual Meeting was held on Monday, January 11th, in the Class Room
of the Free Public Library, William Brown Street. The President occupied the
Chair. Mr. F. N. Pierce, Hon. Sec. pro tern., read the Report of the Council, from
which it appeared that nine meetings had been held during the past year, at which
valuable papers had been read, and many interesting exhibits shown. The following
OflBcers were appointed for the ensuing year : — President, Mr. S. J. Capper ; Vice-
President, Rev. F. Freeman : Hon. Secretary, Mr. F. N. Pierce ; and Hon. Treasurer
and Librarian, Mr. H. Locke. The following gentlemen were elected on the
Council :— Mr. W. E. Sharp, Dr. J. W. Ellis, Messrs. W. Webster, B. H. Crabtree,.
and Douglas Walker. The President then delivered his Annual Address.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society:
December lOtfi, 1896.— C. G. Barrett, Esq., F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. Brooks exhibited a very long series of Acherontia Atropos, bred from pupae
obtained at Long Sutton this year; one specimen was much lighter on one side
than on the other, it was suggested that a deficiency of fluid in the wings through
injury was the cause. Also a very long series of TriphcBiiaJlmbria, hved from larvae
collected near Rotherham. Many specimens were light and only very few of the
dark form. It was stated that the colour variation was by no means sexual, and

(56 1 March,

tended to follow the parent coloration. Mr. Mansbridge, a long and very variable
series of Agrotis auxiiiaris, from N. America, taken in 1893, and read a paper on
the exhibit, describing the forms of variation, life-history, and distribution of the
species. Mr. Barrett, two specimens of Agrotis subgothica, said lo liave been
captured by Eaddon of Barnstable, and also forms of A. tritici of the v. subgothica.
A discussion ensued in whicli it was conclusively proved, by reference to Doubleday
and others, that the bona fides of Eaddon could not be relied on. Mr. Adkin read
an addendum to his previous paper on Triphcena comes (orbona), giving more
detailed evidence of the occurrence of the species and its var. Curtisii in various
localities. He also exhibited some Shetland forms of Camptogramma bilineata, one
having a dark fascia, broad and CDniplete, with a pale central blotch. Mr. Dennis,
microscopic slides showing the striking distinctions between the antennae of
Hgbernia aurantiaria and H, defoJiaria.

Januarif \Ath, 1897. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. Koutledge exhibited specimens of Acronycta menyanthidis from Carlisle,
with white thorax ; Xylophasia rurea from North Devon, light grey with fine
lines ; Agrotis segetum, with silvery fore-wings and unusually white hind-wings ;
Noctua c-nigrum, with the c reduced to two spots ; and a Triphcena pronuba from
Epping, with lunules on the hind-wings. Mr. R. Adkin, Tephrosia crepuscularia,
bred, spring brood, March and April, and summer brood, June, some of the latter
being equal in size to the former; T. biundularia, bred, May, all from the London
district. Also, on behalf of Mr. W. F. de V. Kane, Dianthcecia capsophila from a
small island off the Kerry coast, with examples from Howth and Isle of Arran
(Galway) for comparison ; the Kerry specimens were unusually dark for the species
and were bred. Mr. Hewett, of York, a varied series of Taniocampa miinda from
York, including a fine mahogany-coloured form ; a melanic variety of T. cruda ; a
scries of vars. of Abraxas grossidariata, var. Varleyata bred from a wild larva ; the
various forms of Arctia liihricipeda, including a series of intermediate forms ; a
preserved hybrid larva from ovum laid by a female T. munda taken in cop. with a
male T. stabilis at York, 1896 ; series of vars. of A. sylvata {ulmata) ; three females
of Odonestis Rotatoria of the male coloration ; and three vars. of Saturnia carpini.
Mr. Barrett, on behalf of Mr. Kane, a specimen of Boarmia repandata, \. destri-
garia, Phothedes captiuncula, and Aciptilia tetradactyla, from Ireland ; also a
series of Etipithecia consignata, bred in and in continuously since 1874-, and only on
one occasion some ten years ago had a wild strain been introduced. At first they
gradually decreased in size, but after the introduction of a wild strain and the
sleeving out process they increased in both size and deptii of colour. Mr. Tutt, a
long series of Acherontia Atropos bred by Mr. Burroughs of Kainham, showing con-
siderable variation in the colour of the " skull," and said that he did not consider
the species adapted to exist in this country. They were forced. Mr. South, a series
of Tephrosice from Japan. Mr. Bacot, series of the same from Epping, &c. Mr.
McArthnr, a living larva of Aplecta occulta, anA a bred series of Heliothis peltigera.
Mr. Young, of Kotherham, ver^' long series of Spilosoma lubricepeda, var. zatima and
T&r. fasciata, and a var. very closely resembling var. Deschangei of 5. menthastri ; it
was noted that all British entomologists who bred this species obtained intermediate
forms freely, while it was not so on the continent. To illustrate his paper Mr. Hewett

1*.:.] 67

exhibited very long series of both broods of T. crepuscnlaria and also series of T.
hkindidaria ; these were from fifty or sixty diffei'ent localities. Most of the known
forms were shown, as well as pi-eserved larvae. On behalf of Mr. de V. Kane, the
latter species from Irish localities ; and both species from Swansea on behalf of Mr.
Robertson. He then read a most exhaustive paper on these two species, and in-
cluded in it were the observations and experiments of more than fifty well-known
entomologists, who had been interested in this question. In the discussion which
followed Mr. South asked (1) Did any character exist by which the species could be
separated with absolute certainty ? (2) Which was the commoner species? To tlie
former no answer was forthcoming, but to the latter Members agreed that T. cre-
puscnlaria was very local, while T. biundularia was more common. Mr. Barrett
was of opinion that, as a result of Mr. Hcwett's paper, all distinctions between the
two were now completely swept away. Mr. Tutt thought that here were examples
of recent evolution, in fact, we had species in the making as in the case of some of
the ZygazYKe. He insisted that the naming of the two forms and the consideration
of them as distinct, although very closely allied, was a matter of convenience ne-
cessitated in our comparisons with continental and Asiatic representatives. Messrs.
Carpenter, Bacot and others continued the discussion.

January 2S>th, 1897. — The President in the Chair.

This was the Annual Meeting, and devoted to receiving the Eeport of the
Council, the reading of the balance sheet, and the Address of the retiring President.
The Officers and Council elected for the ensuing year were : — President, R. Adkin,
F.E.S. ; Vice-Presidents, R. South, F.E.S., and J. W. Tutt, F.E.S. ; Hon. Treasurer,
T. W. Hall, F.E.S.; Hon. Librarian, H. A. Sauze; Hon. Curator, W. West,
Greenwich ; Hon. Secretaries, Stanley Edwards, F.L.S., F.E.S., and Hy. J. Turner,
F.E.S. ; Council, Messrs. C. G. Barrett, F.E.S., A. W. Dennis, H. S. Fremliu, F.E.S.,
W. Mansbridge, F.E.S., A. W. Mera, Hy. Tunaley, F.E.S., and Col. C. Partridge.
Mr. South then delivered his Address. — Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : February 3rd, 1897. — Mr. Roland
Teimen, F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

The President appointed as Vice-Presidents The Rev. Canon Fowler, M.A.,
F.L.S., Mr. R. McLachlan, F.R.S., and Professor Meldola, F.R.S.

Mr. F. Bates, Mr. D. D'A. Wright, and Mrs. E. Brightwen were elected
Fellows of the Society.

Mr. Champion exhibited an extensive series of CoJeoptera collected by Mr. R.
W. Lloyd and himself in July last in the Austrian Tyrol, and containing about 450
species, including 35 of Longicornia and about 20 of Otiorrhynchus (the most
characteristic beetles in the places visited) ; he also exhibited about 85 species of
Coleoptera from Cintra, Portugal, collected by Col. Yerbury, the most interesting
being Carahus lusitanicus, F. ; also, on behalf of Mr. W. H. Harwood, two speci-
mens of the rare Zeugophora JlavkoUis, Marsh., from Colchester. Mr. Barrett
showed specimens of the true Platyptilia tesseradactyla, L. {= P. Fischeri, Zell.),
new to the United Kingdom, and taken in Co. Galway by Mr. W. F. de V. Kane

68 [March,

and the Hon. R. E. Dillon. The species was widely distributed in North and Central
Europe, often occurring at a considerable elevation, and was said to feed on Gnapha-
lium. Mr. Tutt stated that he had found it to be common in the Alps among
Fetasites ; and Lord Walsinghara spoke in support of the identification. Mr.
McLachlan exhibited cooked locusts {Schistocerca peregrind) received from the Rev.

A. E. Eaton, and sold under the name of " Djerard " in the market of Biskra, Algeria.
They were cooked whole, but the abdomen only was eaten. Mr. Tutt exhibited
for Mr. H. B. Prince some Lepidoptera from the Cheshire coast, and for Mr. W. H.

B. Fletcher some typical specimens of Zygana Ochsenheimeri, ZelL, from Piedmont,
and also some hybrid Zygsenids, obtained by crossing Z. Ochsenheimeri $ with Z.
filipendidcB ? . The hybrids were fertile inter se. The males of the cross exhibited
very markedly the characters of the male of Z. Ochsenheimeri ; on the other hand,
the females (with two exceptions) strikingly resembled Z. filipendulce. Mr. Tutt
also showed, for Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson, a number of obscure British Micro-Lepid-
optera, many of which had been regarded as new species. The validity of the
determinations was questioned by Lord Walsingham, Mr. B. A. Bower, and others,
and the first named speaker strongly deprecated the practice of positively recognising
or describing such obscure forms, particularly when British, from single or worn
specimens. A suffused aberration of a Grelechiid taken at Witherslack, and described
under the name of Lita intermedia (Ent. Rec, ix, p. 36), was referred to Lita

fraternella. A paper was communicated by Dr. A. Gr. Butler, F.L.S., on "Seasonal
Dimorphism in African Butterflies," which led to a long discussion, chiefly on the
so-called " dry-season " and " wet-season forms." Mr. Merrifield stated that he had
been unable experimentally to modify the colour and markings of Lepidoptera
by variations in humidity. Mr. Tutt believed that Mr. Doherty had obtained " wet-
season forms " of Oriental species by keeping the pupa in a moist atmosphere. — W.
F. H. Blandford and F. Meerifield, Ron. Secretaries.

[In the Report of the Annual Meeting {ante p. 48) the name of Prof. Meldola
was accidentally omitted in the list of the Council. — Eds. J.

NOTES ON COCCIDM FROM THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.

Br E. ERNEST GEEEN, F.E.S.,

WITH ADDITIONS BT E. KEWSTEAD, F.E.S.

By the courtesy of the Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew, I
was able, in May last, to carefully examine the plant-houses, and to
collect specimens of the various Coccids affecting the plants. The
time at my disposal was insufficient for the examination of all the
buildings, the large Palm House being left over for another visit. I
had no opportunity of returning to the work, but Mr. E.. ^^ewstead,
of Chester, spent several days at the Gardens in July, and paid
especial attention to those houses unvisitcd by me, resulting in the
discovery of several interesting species, particulars of which he has
himself <iivcn below.

1897.] Q9

The plants at the Gardens are too well tended and looked after
to harbour many insect pests, but my day's collecting produced six-
teen distinct species, five of which (as I am informed by Mr. Newstead)
are new to the British lists. These are, of course, introduced species,
and are likely to occur only in plant-houses ; but no catalogue of the
British Coccids would be complete without those species affecting
plants under glass.

The following is a list of my captui'es at Kew. In giving the
name of the host-plant, I have mentioned the country from which it
comes ; but it must not be supposed that the parasite has in every
case been imported with the plant. In many cases the Coccids have
doubtless strayed from neighbouring plants ; and some species are
practically omnivorous.

AspiDiOTUS ALOES, Boisd. — On a plant of Agave Palmer i I found
a colony of insects answering well to Signoret's description of A. aloes.
The scales were, however, very light straw colour instead of white.
The insects were crowded on the bases of the leaves, and had insinu-
ated themselves within the yet unfolded leaf buds. This species has
not previously been recorded from the British Isles.

AspiDiOTUS Picus (Riley). — A young tree of Garcinia camhogia
(the gamboge tree), labelled from Ceylon, supported a large colony of
these insects. ^ and ? scales, in all stages, were present on both
surfaces of the leaves. Prof. Comstock quotes this species as an
injurious pest on young orange trees in the United States.

[Abundant also on Lonchocarpus Barteri, Benth., and Eugenia
malaccensis, L. — R. N.]

AspiDiOTUS NEBii, Bouche. — A few specimens of this insect were
found on the fronds of a palm, Aristea major (from Madagascar).

AspiDiOTUS PEESONATUS, Comst. — This species occuri-ed in abund-
ance on Tillandsia corallina (from Brazil) and Tillandsia confertijlora.
The small, highly convex, black scales, and the curious lobe at the
cephalic extremity of the $ , make it impossible to mistake this insect.
It has not previously been recorded from the British Isles. The
original examples, described by Prof. Comstock, came from Cuba.

PiNNASPis PANDANi, Comst. — A few small scales collected on
Pandanus conoideus (from Malay) appear to belong to this species,
but the material was insufficient for a satisfactory determination.
There seems to be some question as to the possible identity of P.
pandani, Comst., with Mytilaspis huxi, Bouche. With respect to
Prof. Comstock's name for the species, I note that in his Agr. Report,

>JQ [Maivb,

1880, p. 324, the insect is described as Mytilaspis (?) pnndanni, n. sp.,
and is said to have been collected upon Pandannis ; while in the
" Second Eeport on Scale Insects," 1883, p. 118, the name has been
altered to Mytilas'pis 'pandani (with one "w")? ^'^^ is said to occur on
Pandanus. The earlier name was presumably the result of a mistake
in the name o£ the food-plant. Prof. Cockerell is responsible for the
alteration in the generic name.

[In the Palm House LicuaJa grandis, CaJamnus Leioisianiis, G.,
and Chrysalidocarpus luteseens, Wendl., were dreadfully infested with
this pest, which is the most difficult of all the DiaspincB, in this
country, to eradicate. — R. N.]

DiASPis BoiSDUVALii, Sign. — This was one of the most widely
distributed Coccids in the plant-houses. I found it occurring upon
the following plants, amongst others, Heliconia metaUica (from
Brazil), Nannorhops Ritchiana (from Afghanistan), ^chmea mexicana
(from Mexico), Pitcairnia hromeJuefolia (Cuba), P. Jatifolia and P.
alta, Bactris acanthocarpa, Euterpe speciosa. It appears to be parti-
cularly partial to monocotyledonous plants. The scales, ($ and ? ,
occurred on both surfaces of the leaves, and varied in character
according to that of the surface upon which they were situated.
Where there was an epidermal layer of fibrous or scurfy matter, the
scales themselves were found to be similarly clothed. The natural home
of the species is uncertain ; it was originally described by Dr. Signoret
from examples affecting orchids in plant-houses at the Luxembourg.

[In England palms are the favourite food-plant of this species,
but at Kew I only found it upon Cocos Romanzqffiana, Ch. — E. N.]

Chionaspis aspidistra, Sign. — A few examples on Cocos plumosa
(from Trinidad), the insects affecting both surfaces of the frond.
The living ? insect was of a dull purple-red colour. Eggs and newly-
hatched larvae were present beneath the scale. The pellicles being
very transparent, the darker body of the insect was visible through
them. I found no ^ scales. The same insect occurred upon Heliconia
metallica.

Lecanium HEMisPHiEKicuM, Targ. Tozz. — I fail to find any good
specific distinction between L. hemisphcericum, Targ. Tozz., L. coffece.
Walk., and L.Jilicuni, Boisd. Typical hemisphcericum appears to be
the larger form of the three, and usually of a darker colour. L. coffece
(as I know it from Ceylon) is of a brighter reddish tint, with more
distinct dark margins. L. filicum seems to be a still smaller and
slightly angular form occurring usually upon ferns. The derm-cells.

1897.] 71

the legs and the anteuual formula} are identical in all thi'ee forms ;

and the marginal hairs in all are flattened and slightly dilated at the

extremity (fig. 1). Coffece ?ivn\. JiJicum

can scarcely rank as more than varieties

of hemisph(srlcum. I note that Pi'of.

Cockerell, in his recently published

"Check-List of the Coccidcs'" (Bulletin

of the Illinois State Laboratory of Fig. i_

Natural History, vol. iv, pp. 318— 339), is of the same opinion as

regards the first-named, and suggests the propriety of the second

being in the same position. At Kew I find the typical form on Cycas

Jenkinsiana (from India). The variety coffece (which Mr. Newstead

informs me is new to our British lists) occurred on Goffea liherica,

Stangeria schizodon (from Natal), Ei^anfhemum cinnaharinuin, Glero-

dendron speciosum, Boivenia spectahllis (from Queensland), and

Casimeroa edulis (the Mexican apple). The dermal cells on the dried

scales appear as closely studded paler dots on the darker ground.

Yar.JiUcum occurred on several species of fern, and on Nepenthes

Rafflesiana.

[Typical forms occurred on Eugenia malaccensis ; var. Jilicum,
Doug., on Leucadendron argenteum, and var. coffece on Coffea arabica. —
R. N.]

Lecanium hesperidum, Linn. — I found this species upon both
surfaces of leaves of BertoJonia Marchandi. The insects were ranged
along the prominent nervures of the leaf. The adult females covered
newly excluded larvae. The same species occurred on Lucuma multi-
flora and Dalbergia lanceolaria. I did not notice it upon any citrus
plants, where it might with reason have been expected.

[Also in the open air on Hedera amurensis, November, 1896. —
E. N.]

Lecanium longultjm, Doug.^Upon leaves and twigs of Cassia
flstula (from India). I note that Mr. Douglas has also recorded this
insect from Kew. His examples were taken upon Averrlioa caramhola
and Spathopliyllum hlandum.

Lecanium niguum, Nietn. — There were examples of this species
upon leaves of Seliconia metallica (from Brazil). The colour of the
mature $ varies considerably. It is as often a deep chestnut colour
as black. I agree with Mr. Maskell in considering that L. depressum,
Targ.-Tozz., and L. hegonice, Doug., are identical with, or at the most,
varieties of, Nietner's species.

72

:Maich. 1897

Lecanium ole^, Bern. — Typical examples occurred rather plenti-
fully upon plants of Aralia elegantissima. A few scales on Croton
eJuteria (cascarilla bark, from W. Indies), though rather smaller and
more rugose than the type, can hardly be separated from this species.
They answer also to the description of L. testudo, Curt., as defined by
Mr. Douglas from examples taken in Kew Gardens on Brexia. Mr.
Douglas points out the similarity of the two species, and I note that
Prof. Cockerell, in his recent Check-List, has classed testudo as a
variety of olece. Mr. Douglas mentions that the chief apparent
difference is that olece bears smaller white specks on the scale ; but
these specks being merely a waxy secretion, their comparative size
cannot be considered of specific importance. Upon leaves of Avicen-
nia nitida (the white mangrove, from Brazil) I found a still smaller
form that I am unable to separate from the above species, and the
same small form occurred on JEIceodendron orientale, Carissa spinarum,
and Catesbcsa spinosa. This form has the white waxy flakes very
prominent and conspicuous. These flakes are, I believe, remnants of
an earlier test, which has become broken up and the parts separated
by the growth of the insect. Consequently, in the large well-developed
typical form they will be more widely separate and apparently smaller ;
while in the small stunted examples the separation between the parts
is not so great, and, in comparison with the size of the insects, the
specks appear large and prominent. Upon the '' white mangrove " I
found a few of the ^ puparia. As is not unusual in the Lecaniince,
examples of the male are not at all common. Dr. Signoret had seen
only females, and Prof. Comstock states that he had
failed to find any of the males in America. Dr. Antonio
Berlese in his recent work (Le Cocciniglie Italiane
viventi gugli Agrumi) figures the male puparium. The
^ scales referred to above were all empty, except one,
which covered a pale greenish pupa with dark brown,
median, longitudinal stripe. The scale was of the
usual form (fig. 2), colourless, transparent, glassy,
studded with irregular waxy plates, as in the $ , those
on the median line being most defined and very
prominent.

PuLViNAniA FLOCciFEEA, Wcstwood. — Upou the leaves of two
orchids, Auguloa Cloivesii Siud Lt/casfe Skinneri — the insects apparently
preferring these two species from amongst the many others in the house
— I found numerous specimens of a,Fulvinaria with a long flattish fluted

Fig. 2.

April, 1897.]

73

Fig. 3.

ovisac. From the external characters I supposed
it to be P. camellicola, Sign. But a more careful
examination showed the antennae (fig. Sa) to be
8-jointed, which precludes this determination,
camellicola being credited with six joints only, of
which the 3rd is remarkably long. The antennal
formula in the species under examination is 3, 2,
4 (1, 8), 5, 6, 7 ; the 4th joint without hairs. The
marginal hairs of the body (fig. Sb) are flattened
and divided at the tips, but lying edgeways to the
plane of the body, they often appear to be simple
and tapering. Mr. Newstead tells me that speci-
mens from Camellia in his collection also prove
upon examination to have 8-jointed antennae. AVe
are fortunately saved the necessity of erecting a
new species for this insect, it having been already (as I am iuformed
by Mr. Newstead) described and figured by Prof. Westwood (Gar-
dener's Chronicle, 1870, p. 308, fig. 52) under the name of Coccus
-flocciferus. It is probable that the examples recorded by Mr. J. W.
Douglas as occurring on the orchids Oncidium papilio and Calanthe
natalensis, at Kew (Ent. Mo. Mag., April, 1887, p. 243), and others
from Exeter on Camellia (Ent. Mo. Mag., September, 1886, p. 81),
which were determined from external characters only, will be found
to be this same species. It is, therefore, doubtful whether the true
P. camellicola really occurs in the British Isles.

Dacttlopius citri, Boisd.— This is almost an omnivorous species,
and quite cosmopolitan in its range. I noted the insects in all stages
upon fifty or more different plants at Kew.

[Mr. G. JNicholson, the Curator, has recently sent me leaves of
Hedera amiirensis infested with this species ; and, as they were
gathered from the outside of Museum No. 2, are of gi'eat interest, as
being the first recorded occurrence of this pest in the open air in
England. It is hoped the first hard frost will kill off the whole
colony.— E. N.]

Dactylopius longispinus, Targ.-Tozz. — This species occurred
on Stangeria schizodon (from Nsita,\), Flacourtia sepiaria (from India),.
Adiantum, and several other plants. Mr. Newstead informs me that it
has not previously been recorded from the British Isles. But there
seems to be some confusion about the identity of the several species
of Dacti/lopius that occur commonly in plant-houses. This is uii-

74 [Apiil,

doubtedly the insect described by Dr. Targioni-Tozzetti under the name
of D. longispmus, but Dr. Siguoret treated this name as a synonym of
D. adonidum, Linn., and I note that Prof. Cockerell, in his " Check-
List of Coccidce,'^ follows Signoret in this determination. There is,
however, considerable doubt about the identity of Linne's species. The
name adonidum has been frequently applied to the very common and
widely distributed species now generally recognised as D. citri. It
would seem advisable, therefore, to retain the name of longispinus,
which has been in use for many years, to designate the species with
very long waxy processes, of which the terminal pair are frequently
longer than the body of the insect itself ; c/^ri being recognised by
its stouter form, and the very short marginal processes. Dr. Antonio
Berlese has pointed out many small structural differences between
the two species.

Oethezia insignis, Doug. — This species seems especially partial
to plants belonging to the natural Order Acanthacece. The same fact
was noticeable in Ceylon, where the insect became a serious pest upon
ornamental plants in the Government Botanical Gardens at Peradeniya.
It was particularly noticeable at Kew upon Sfrobilanthes gossipinus
(an Indian plant), also upon Manettia hicolor (from Tropical America).
I was told by the attendants that this insect was known amongst them
by the name of "the Kew bug," and that constant attention was
required to prevent its increase.

Bearsted, Maidstone :

September loth, 1896.

ADDENDA BY K. NEWSTEAD.

In order to prevent the repetition of names, and to economize
space, I have ventured to give, in the form of bracketted notes, a few
remarks on the species enumerated in Mr. Green's interesting paper.
I have now to add, as the result of my pleasant and profitable visit to
the Royal Gardens, the following species as additional to the fore-
going list : —

AspiDioTus CTDONi^, Comstock ; (J and ? scales. — Numerous on
the dead wood projecting from the trunk of the large sugar palm
{Arenga saccharifera, from the Malay Archipelago) ; but, judging
from the appearance of the scales, the insects had long since been
dead. They were badly parasitized, and attacked by fungi, which,
together with the use of insecticides, had apparently destroyed the
whole colonv.

1897.]

75

DiASPis CALTPTROiDES, Costa, ? . — The numerous white scales
of this species were abundant on several species of Cacti ; and for
some unaccountable reason were crowded together, in favourite spots,
in little masses five or six deep. This and the preceding species are
new to Britain.

Parlatoeia Pergandei, var. crotonis, Cockerell ; ^ and ?
scales. — Common on several species of croton.

Lecanium perforatum:, Newstead, ? . — Swarming on the Caryota
and other palms ; their flat shining bodies looking remarkably like
detached fish-scales. Undoubtedly the species is partial to the above
plants ; but it also occurred freely on Eugenia malaccensis, Diospyros,
Bp. (Mauritius), and Coccohha, sp.

Planchonia (Asterolecanium) bambus^, Boisd., $. — Very
common on Bamhusa vulgaris, and other species of bamboo, both upon
the stems and leaves. Their presence is marked by small yellow
stains on both sides of the infested leaf. I did not observe the ^ in
any stage.

Coccus TOMENTOSUS, Lam. — $ adult covered with, or resting upon,
cottony material at gestation ; colour, dark crimson ; ovate ; segmentation dis-
tinct. Antennae (fig. 1) very short, tapering, scarcely so long as the tibia and tarsus
together, of six joints ; 1 very broad and flat, somewhat resembling a quoit ; 2 often
only indicated by a very thin strip of chitine ; 3 longest ; all the joints are widely
separated, and the apical one has a few short hairs. Mentum monomerous; filaments
short. Legs stout, strong, and chitinous ; digitules simple. Anal orifice (ring),
indicated by a lunular piece of chitine, is without the spiny hairs common to many
genera of the Coccidee. Dermis (fig. 3) above with numerous truncate spines of

Kig. 5. Fig. 4. Fig. 2. Fig. 6. Fig. 1. Fig. 3. Fig. 7.

varying sizes and length, and numbers of irregular groups of compound spinnerets,
exactly corresponding to those one finds in the DiaspincB ; ventrally there ai'e
numbers of small isolated spinnerets and a few minute spines. Anal lobes perfectly

76 [April,

obsolete; their position is indicated by a couple of truncate spines, and within them
a group of, usually, four compound spinnerets. Long., 2 — 275 mm.

? , 2nd stage, more elongate than the adult, but in other respects it scarcely
differs.

<J dark crimson ; has two very long white caudal filaments. Antennae (fig. 4,
4th and oth joint) of 10 joints, of these the 1st is the shortest; all, with the
exception of the Ist, with several large, tuberculate, spines ; joints 5 — 10 with two
to three long, slender, knobbed hairs ; last joint (fig. 2) with three long stout spines,
in addition to the smaller ones. Legs with a two-jointed tarsus ; the articulation
of which is clearly visible when the tarsus is bent slightly upwards (fig. 5), but
when it is curved inwards the joint appears as a narrow raised ring of chitine
(fig. 6), and apparently fused.

Larva elliptical ; colour dark crimson. Legs very long ; digitules ordinary.
Antennffi (fig. 7) of six joints. Mentum monomerous ; unexpanded filaments much
longer than the body. Anal orifice as in the adult ? . Dorsum with three longi-
tudinal rows of truncate spines ; and there are spines of the same character at the
margin.

Hah. : lioyal Gardens, Kew ; on Opunfia fulgida, recently im-
ported from Arizona. At the time of my visit the adult $ were
nearly all dead ; but there were quantities of them, as also of the
immature ? ; and I was fortunate in rearing half a dozen ,^ . The
larvae simply swarmed, and were actively engaged passing up and
down the long barbed spines of the food-plant, evidently enjoying the
intense heat of the mid-day sun.

The constancy of G-jointed antennae, and the comparatively small
size of the $ is very marked ; for this reason I at first considered my
examples as a distinct and undescribed var. Now, thanks to Mr.
Cockerell, I have been able to examine a long series of C. tovientosus,
which were collected by Dr. Duges in Mexico, and find the number of
antennal joints to vary ; usually there are 7, but 6 joints are not
infrequent ; and small adult ? containing well formed larvae are not
rare, but the average size of the Mexican examples is much larger than
the British.

C. confusits, Ckll., differs from the above, only, in having much
larger groups of compound spinnerets, and longer truncate spines. Of
the former those near the margin of abdominal segments are the
largest, and consist of about 50 to 90 spinnerets, or more.

It may be couTenient here to add that the cochineal of commerce
(C. cttcfi, Lin., Sign , $ ) may be recognised from either of the above by
its much larger size, and the total absence of dermal truncate spines.
Signoret (Essai, p. 381) makes no mention of these latter, and I am
therefore of opinion that that author had the same species under
observation as myself.

1897. J 77

The absence of anal lobes ; the curious non-setiferous anal ring
in all stages ; the short degenerate antennae ; and grouped spinnerets ;
are common to all three species mentioned above ; and may be con-
sidered the salient generic characters of the ? .

I am inclined to think the two-jointed tarsus of the (^ of more
than specific value, and that it will be found to exist in all the species
of this genus. Siguoret makes no reference to such a character, and
other authors have apparently overlooked it.

Chester : November, 1896.

P.S. — I have examined specimens of Aspidlotus aloes, Boisd., as
recorded by Mr. Green, p. 69, and fail to separate them from typical
A. nerii, Bouche.

Erratum. — p. 71, for Lecanium hemisphcericum, " var. Jilicum,
Dougl.," read "vav.JiJicum, Boisd."

Marc?i, 1897.

TEPHROSIA CREPUSCULARIA AND BIUNDULARIA.
BY JOHN E. ROBSON, F.E.S.

I refrained from replying earlier to my friend Mr. Barrett's comments in my
last note, not that I was at all shaken in my opinion, but I had not seen IMrs.
Bazett's specimens, and Mr. Barrett intimated that as I had not seen these, and
others to which he referred, I was scarcely in a position to pass judgment. Yet I
was not so ignorant as he assumed. I had carefully examined Mr. Tutt's lengthy
series, not with a cursory glance at a Society's meeting, but at my leisure in his
own house. I had seen a long i-ow of the second brood of crepuscularia, bred by
Mr. Henderson, who also sent me the females which deposited the eggs. I had
further had considerably over thirty years' acquaintance with biundularia in our
own woods.

Now, thanks to the great kindness of Mrs. Bazett, I have before me as I write
the specimens which have revived this discussion. I have further had the great
advantage of considerable correspondence with Entomologists who are familiar
with these insects, and though I have not seen the foreign specimens which caused
Mr. Barrett to suggest there was but one species, I venture to think I am in a
fairly well-informed position for discussing the question.

I must plead guilty to carelessness in writing my former communication. I
made Mr. Barrett say, " the second brood of biundularia were actually more tinged
with brown than the type,^' when he really said, " than the others^ I understood
him to mean that the second brood of biundularia were browner than the first
brood. Hence I suggested that if the grey second brood of crepuscularia were
"obviously" biundularia, s,o we should say the (brown) second brood oi biundularia
were " obviously " crepuscularia. This, it appears, was not what Mr. Barrett meant,
and it was the misunderstanding that led to the error.

78 [April,

But what does Mr. Barrett mean ? He says that Mrs. Bazett's specimens,
bred from undoubted crepuscularia ova, and emerging in July, are " obviously
biundularia." Is this intended to mean that vphat we call hiundularia are a second
brood of what vfo call crepuscularia ? The specimens on which the statement is
founded are " not more than one half the size of the parents," and the parent
crepuscularia are certainly as large as ordinary hiundularia. But putting this
aside, how can insects emerging in July be " obviously " a species which emerges
two months earlier ? How can we explain the appearance of hiundularia in so
many places where crepuscularia never occurs ?

Mr. Barrett makes considerable use of my statement that I had " only once
had a second brood of hiundularia here." We are accustomed to call an autumn
emergence a second brood. This was all I meant, but I should perhaps have been
more explicit, and said, " I only once had hiundularia emei'ge in autumn," and then
but two or three out of a large brood. The fact, correctly stated, will not bear the
inference Mr. Barrett draws from the words I used. I never saw bitmdularia in
the woods in the autumn, but had I done so, I fail to see how that would have
strengthened Mr. Barrett's position. He also refers to the date of some specimens
taken by Mr. G. 0. Day, of Knutsford, but whilst I admit the importance of dates in
the controversy, the day of the month is of little consequence unless we know the
year. 1893, when Mr. Day's early specimens were taken, was an excessively early
season, spring insects v/ere on the wing a full month before their usual time, and I
know of other hiundularia taken in March that year. Mr. Holland, of Reading,
for instance, took one on March 26th.

To my thinking, this is all very much beside the mark. It is easy to under-
stand slight irregularities in appearance, particularly with species] emerging rather
early in the year. With a cold February and March and a warm April, the last
examples of the earlier species will scarcely be on the wing ere they will be joined
by the first of the later species. That they do not mix and pair is clear from the
fact that each still bears the same distinguishing characteristics as when they were
first differentiated.

Much of the confusion in reference to these species arose from the nomencla-
ture. Stainton called the early insect laricaria, and the later one crepuscularia.
Newman called the early one crepuscularia, and the later one hiundularia, and this
crossing of names led to endless blunders, whilst, to make matters worse, Newman
figured typical hiundularia for crepuscularia, and gave a figure for hiundularia
which does not resemble the ordinary form of either species. It is much to be
regretted that Stainton's names were not retained. Had we called the early
species laricaria, it would have emphasized the preference this insect displays for
larch woods, an important factor in the controversy. By this cross naming and
figuring collectors were led astray, many tried to make both species out of the
common one, without any wrong intent, and even yet hiundularia is sent out for
the rarer insect. But the better informed Lepidopterists now know the type forms
of both, and if we take the Reading examples alone, as specimens from a district
where both occur, they are abundantly distinct. Apart from the difference in
colour, the second line in Mrs. Bazett's crepuscularia is very distinctly double, with
a paler space between the lines, the outer lino of the pair being in most cases
as clear and well defined as the inner. The small second brood specimens, though

i8!ir.] 79

not brown like the earlier brood, still have this marking clearly double, and the
outer line well defined. Only one of the biundularia has this outer line at all
distinct, and this not nearly so much so as the least distinct of the others. But if
there is not a guide enabling us always to separate the specimens, I must still
demur to Mr. Barrett's conclusion. Will he " undertake always to separate the two
species " in C. russata and immanata, in A. tritici and aquilina, or tritici and cur-
soria from the wing markings only, and many more might be named ? Surely in
these days of X rays we are not to assert that what we cannot see is not there. I
may perhaps be allowed to point out another difference in Mrs. Bazett's series,
and leave others to see if the distinction is constant. Melanic specimens of both
species occur, and Mrs. Bazett has examples of both. In melanic biundularia the
subterminal line is clearly and distinctly shown as a serrated white line on all
wings. In her melanic crepuscularia the line is there, but not nearly so distinct,
it is more like a series of short dashes than a continuous line. Mr. Barrett
describes a melanic specimen in Mr. Day's series, of which he says it is " smoky-
black, without markings, except that the subterminal white line is distinct on all
the wings," thus agreeing with Mrs. Bazett's examples of the same form.

There is much more that could be said, but my remarks have already reached
an inordinate length, and I have not been able to condense them.

Hartlepool : Fehruary l^th, 1897.

[This controversy must now cease. It can be re-opened at a future date should
any very important new facts come to hand. — Eds.]

TINEA COCHYLIDELLA, Stn., AN ABERRATION OP T. RURI-
COLELLA, Stn.

BY EUSTACE R. BANKES, M.A., F.E.S.

Among the original types of Tineina in the collection formed by
Mr. J. W. Douglas, which, through the hospitality of the owner, Mr.
Philip B. Mason, I have been able to examine at leisure, and about
which I hope to contribute future notes, one of the most interesting
is the still unique specimen described by Stainton in Ins. Brit. Lep.
Tin., p. 32 (1854), as Tinea cochylidella, n. sp. Stainton there gives
the month of capture as " June," but the reference number " 4758 "
on the pin of the insect is shown by Mr. Douglas' diary to mean that
it was taken at Sanderstead by himself on July 7th, 1852. As the
result of a very careful examination made last spring, I have no
hesitation in saying that it is a strongly aberrant specimen of T.
ruricolella, Stn., and that the synonymy should therefore be : —
Tinea ruricolella, Stn , Syst. Cat., p. 7 (1849).

ab. cochylidella, Stn., I. B. Lep. Tin., p. 32 (1854).

The moth, which is a male in fine condition, agrees absolutely in

80 r April,

size and shape with ruricoJella, and the ground-colour is similar though
a trifle paler, but all the markings are very indistinct and ill-defined.
One can, however, trace the pale interrupted plical spot, the dark
costal bar, the pale discal spot beyond the middle, and the row o£ dark
spots at the base of the apical fringes, w-hich are all present in ruri-
coJdJa, and the head and hind- wings agree exactly with those of that
species. The oblique dark plical spot differs from that in typical
ruricolella and cloacella, being continued to the dorsal margin instead
of ending abruptly before it, but the shape of this spot is very variable
in both species, and individuals occur in which it reaches the margin.
The cilia, although showing a dark apical line as usual, are unicolorous
pale greyish-ochreous instead of being chequered with fuscous, as
in ordinary ruricolella, but this is only to be expected in an aberration
in which all the markings tend to become obsolete.

It will be noticed that I treat ruricolella, Stn., as distinct from
cloacella, Hw., whereas some authors, including Mr. Meyrick in his
" Handbook," sink the former as a variety of the latter: my reason
is that, after studying these forms, I am by no means convinced of
their identity, but am inclined to think that Stainton was right in
separating them, and would lay stress as he does (Man., ii, 292) not
only on the difference in the markings, but also on the much neater
and smoother appearance of ruricolella as compared with any of the
numerous known varieties of cloacella. I have never been so fortunate
as to meet with genuine ruricolella in nature, but the late Mr. W.
Machin, who, in 1893, bred a few specimens of it, without any cloacella,
from fungus collected in Swanscombe Wood, Kent, and sent them to
me for determination, was strongly of opinion that they represented
a species truly distinct from the latter.

The Rectorj, Corfe Castle :

February 10th, 1897.

HINTS ON COLLECTING ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA.

BY EDWABD SAUNDEES, F. L. S.

{Continued from page 35).

Amongst the early spring Aculeates I ought to have mentioned the
Humble Bees and their Cuckoos, and the Wasps. Of all these, the
females hibernate in an impregnated condition and come out on the
first suitable spring days to recommence w^ork. Humble Bees may be
found at this season either buzzing about banks looking for suitable
localities for their nests, or at the flowers of sallows, almonds, furze

n97.] 81

or, one may say, of almost any flowering plants. Their Cuckoos
bave much the same habits, only they do not store pollen. It may be
worth while to remind collectors that early in the spring no worker
Humble Bees are about, so that small specimens looking like workers
of terresfris or hortorum will probably prove to be females of Jonellus
or so)'oensis, species which are rare with many collectors, probably
because they are overlooked. Wasps have much the same habits as
Humble Bees, and every one knows that Queen Wasps are amongst the
earliest insects on the wing. Even Queen Wasps should be carefully
examined, as the rare V. austriaca may easily pass unnoticed. Any
wasp that has the eyes touching the mandibles and the tibiae with
projecting hairs, may be set down for certain as the rarity.

Towards the end of April and during May a good many fresh
species of Aculeates begin to appear. Of course a great deal depends
on the " earliness " or "lateness" of the season as to times of
appearance, but in May, if the weather be bright, one will probably
find some of the earlier Fossorials, especially amongst genera such as
Pemphredon, Diodonfus, Passalcscus, Crabro, &c., which begin to appear
now, although they may be found all through the summer. Many of
these make their burrows in stems of brambles and other plants, or in
dead stumps. They require very careful collecting, as, owing to the
general resemblance of the species to each other, it is often impossible
to feel certain what species one may be bottling, and it is very
annoying on one's return home to find a specimen of a rarity amongst
a lot of common species without having the slightest idea where it
was taken. I always think it is worth while to examine a specimen
of any obscure species which one may notice frequenting a definite
locality, at once, as it is quite easy to hold a living specimen in the
left hand while one examines it with a lens in the right, and this
proceeding often saves the lives of many specimens of common species
and enables one to secure rarities which might otherwise pass unnoticed.
The rarities to be looked for in the Pemphredon group are P.
(Ceratophorus) morio, and P. Wesmaeli. The former has been till lately
one of our very rarest Hymenoptera, but it has been taken in the last
few years at Blackheath by Mr. Beaumont, and at Bury St. Edmunds
by Mr. Tuck. It may be recognised by the short stout tubercle on
the face between the eyes. The latter is very like the commoner
Shuckardi, but has a larger head and a more strongly and coarsely
punctured mesonotum, and in the ? a deeply emarginate clypeus.
Most of the species of this genus are fond of basking in the sun
on leaves of brambles, or in gardens on currants, gooseberries or

82 [Apiil-

Jerusalem artichokes, a habit common to many Andrenas and other
Mymenoptera. The species of Diodontus frequent banks and may be
often found in great numbers flying up and down in front of their
burrows. D. miniitus is common everywhere, and as it is the only
species with yellow mandibles it may be recognised at once, the other
two with black mandibles are less abundant. Various species of
Grabro also appear in May ; these may be found in similar localities
to Pemphredon, &c., the males often basking on leaves, the females
either burrowing in wood or banks. The flowers of umbelliferous
plants are favorite resorts of species of this genus and of many other
genera of the Fossorials ; they frequent these in order to catch small
Diptera, &c., with which they provision their cells. The species of
Passaleecus are generally to be captured in bramble flowers or on
or near palings. The various species of ants are getting active
during this month, and a few species of Pompilus and Prlocnemis are
to be found. This year (1897) Pompilus viaticus was found as early as
March 2nd. Gate posts and old stumps are likely localities at this
time of year ; Sapyf/a quinquepunctata frequents them in many
places, and the rare ^S*. cJavicornis should be looked for, but as this
appears to be chiefly a midland species it would more probably be
found in June. It is a narrower and more elegantly shaped insect
than quinquepunctata, has longer, thinner, and more suddenly clubbed
antennje, and both sexes have the abdomen entirely black, with the
exception of the pale lateral spots, which are yellow in clavicornis,
whereas in quinquepunctata they are creamy-white. During May
species of Gorytes and Nysson are also to be found. Among the
AntJiophila, females of Sphecodes and Halictus are generally abundant
and in good condition, and may be found either round their burrows
in banks or on flowers, especially the yellow flowers of Compositce, but
H. sexnotatus, one of our rarest species, I have only taken on Scrophu-
laria and bryony. Should any collector be lucky enough to meet with a
^ Spliecodes in spring it will probably prove to be the rare S. ruhicundus
recently introduced to our list by Mr. F. L. Sladen. So far as is
known this is the only species of the genus in this country that has a
spring male. Prosopis sometimes appears in May, but the majority
of its species occur in June and July ; at this time of the year the
flowers of furze are attractive to many species of Andrena, and
among them A. Wilkella and similis, which, as a rule, appear in May.
The rare A. hucephala and its rarer inquiline Nomada lateralis should
be looked for on blackthorn flowers, both have been found on Boxhill
by Mr. Beaumont. The cJ of the Andrena may be known by

1897.] 83

its very large head ; tlie Noinada from all our other species except
horealis by its entirely black thorax and black scape of the antennae.
The still rarer Andrena ferox is probably to be found late in May or
early in June, and A. chn/sosceles, nana, fasciafa, humilis, labialis,
fulvacjo and cingulata generally appear during this month. Chry-
sosceles and nana usually on TJmheUiferce ; fusciata, humilis and
labialis on dandelions ; angustior on Hieracium pilosella or Ranun-
culus, cingulata on Yeronica chamoedrys. Nomada ochrostoma, the
messmate of A. labialis and WilJcella, N. Jlnvoguttata of nana and
N. ftrruqinata of fulvescens appear soon after their hosts. An
occasional Ccelioxys or Megachile may occur, and a few of the
Osmias and Anthophora retusa, this last very closely resembles pilipes,
especially in the $ , but may be known by its pale calcaria and by the
rather shorter pubescence ; the ^ is more brightlj" coloured as a rule
than British specimens of pilipes, and may be known at once from
them by the absence of the very long hairs on the intermediate joints
of the middle tarsi. The two species of Melecta known at once from
all our other long tongued bees by their black bodies with snowy-
white spots of pubescence on the sides of each segment, are now about,
occurring round the burrows of Antliopliora ; M. armata is the
inquiline of A. pilipes, 31. luctuosa of retusa. The latter species is
by far the rarer of the two and may be known by the somewhat square,
not punctiform, spots of white pubescence on the apical segments.
Most of the species of Odynerus appear in May ; some of these are
rare, and are only known from a very few localities. O. Icevipes
burrows in bramble stems and therefore should be looked for where
the plant abounds ; O. reniformis has as yet only occurred at Chobham
and near Virginia Water Station, on sandy spots, making a tubular
entrance to its nest which projects about an inch above the soil, this
tube should betray its whereabouts at once, but it is probably easily
washed away by rain. O. spinipes, which is a far commoner insect,
makes curved tubes of a somewhat similar nature in banks. O.
crassicornis is one of the rarest species, but so little is known about
it that it can only be kept in mind and looked for generally, it is
about the size of a (^ antilope, but belongs to the section which has
the first segment of the abdomen longitudinally impressed towards
the apex.

In May and early June the best localities for collectors of
Aculeata are sheltered lanes and the outskirts of woods where
flowers abound, banks, sand pits, &c., with a southerly aspect, dandelions
and other yellow composite flowers, UmbellifercB, blackthorn and

84 [April.

whitethorn flowers, furze and Labiates. Buttercups occasionally attract
good species, notably Andrcna anrjustior and some Halicti. Old tree
trunks, gate posts, &c., should be watched ; even brick walls, and
certainly stone ones, when the sun is on them, afford possibilities of
the chase, as species of Osmia, Odynerics, and even Prosopis sometimes
make their cells in their crevices. The species which inhabit bramble
stems mostly appear in May, and those who have collected pierced
stems during the winter will do well to expose them now to the sun.
One year I collected a very large number and tied a small muslin bag
over the end of each. I cannot say that the result was encouraging,
but a great number of Pemphredon lethifer appeared and a great
many parasitic IcJineumonidce, a few Crahros and a few species of
Passalcecus gracilis. >.'otwithstanding this poor result I think it is
a method quite worth following up, especially for any one who has
time to put the stems out in the sun and see that they are not exposed
for too long ; I feel sure that I killed a great many of the inmates of
minejby putting them in a conservatory, where the sun simply dried
them up. Frequently full fed larvae will live on to the second year,
so that it must not be taken for granted that everything has emerged
from the stems because the usual time for emergence has passed.
After the middle of June it is well to cut open the sticks and see if
anything is left. Some collectors extract the larvae and pupa3 and breed
them in glass tubes ; I have never tried this, but I believe the result
has been found satisfactory.

{To he continued).

THE DIRECT PHOTOaRAPHIC ENLAEQEMENT of ENTOMOLOGICAL

SPECIMENS.

BT T. A. GEEALD STRICKLAND, F.E.S.

As I have been doing some enlargements of Coleopfera lately, nof
minute insects suitable for photo-micrography, but fair sized ones, I
think perhaps Entomologists, who have some slight knowledge of
photography, may like to have a few hints on the direct enlargement
of insects generally. When I say direct, I mean that the enlargements
are made direct in the camera, without the use of an enlarfrino' lantern
or smaller negatives. Any sized camera will do, if the stretch of
hfUow.'i is long enough ; but, personally, I use a 12 X 10 camera, and a
7i in.xS in. lens, of about 4i in. focus. The specimen to be photo-
graphed is pinned in the centre of an easel (a drawing block propped
up with books does nicely), and placed, in a good light, exactly in the
front of the lens, as in the diagram.

So

It is necessary that the specimen should bo exactly opposite the
centre of, and parallel to, the lens, otherwise the photographic result

will be distorted by violent perspective. I rack the camera out nearly
as far as it will go, and then move it further from, or nearer to, the
object, till I get it rouylily in focus, finishing off with the rack and
pinion. Use the largest aperture of the lens to focus with, and then
stop down to get the necessary sharpness. This arrangement is simple
and excellent, unless you wish to enlarge to scale, when, of course,
more care must be used, such as measuring the image on the focussing
screen, &c. With r45 stop, and an ordinary rapidity isochromatic dry
plate, I find 30 minutes' exposure, in a large bay window, about right
for a dark coloured beetle. I give this time merely as a rough guide,
as, of course, exposure depends so much on the actinic power of the
illuminant, and the colour of the specimen. At night, with the object
lighted with lamps, the exposure would pi'obably be treble or more.
If, after all due care has been exercised with regard to the lighting,
you still have slight shadows, they can be blocked out from the
negative with ordinary sepia (moist water colour) thinned to the
consistency of cream with black writing ink, and applied carefully
with a camel's hair pencil.

When I wish not to enlarge, but to photograph an insect natural
size, I proceed as follows: — Say the camera we are using is what is
known as a | plate, cut a sheet of white card exactly the size of the
plate, in this case, 6| in.x4f in., and place it opposite the lens (as
the drawing block is placed for enlarging), and focus it till it precisely
Jills the ground glass or focussing screen. On pinning the insect in
the centre of the card it will be found, on the screen, to be practically
the natural size. This dodge saves measuring, or any trouble of that
kind. I generally print my results on gelatino-chloride paper, com-
monly known as P.O. P., matt or glossy, but as they are enlarged
negatives, any printing process will suit.

Lantern slides can, of course, be made from the negatives by
reduction or contact with little trouble. I usually glaze my prints, as,
though perhaps not artistic, it brings out the detail, which is what we

86 l-M^'ii,

require for this kind of work. I feel sure that any Entomologist that
takes up this branch of photography will find it of great, and in-
creasing, interest.

Oakleigh, neai' Ascot, Berks :
February, 1897.

[Mr. Strickland has submitted to us the photograph of a beetle enlarged about
four diameters by this simple process. It is perfectly free from shadow, and the
details are brought out in a remarkably clear manner. — Eds.]

COLEOPTERA IN A BAG OF SUFFOLK FLUVIAL REJECTAMENTA.

BY CLAUDE MORLEY, F.E.S., &c.

In Stephens' " Mandibulata " we often come across the term,
" In a flood, Suffolk, Kirby, MSS." The Eev. AV. Kirby, F.E.S., ap-
pears to hav^e worked the country between Ipswich and Barham very
thoroughly in and about 1S04, and an account of the contents of a
bag of refuse collected, perhaps, on the very spot where he took his
nearly a century ago, will be interesting, especially since, I believe,
such a haul as two dozen Trachys troglodi/tes has not been reported
for many years, though Mr. Saunders met with the species at Lowe-
stoft about 1865.* There have been considerable floods here, as
elsewhere, during the early spring, and quite a quantity of debris
strewed the water-meadows on either side the river Gipping on
February 9th, when I filled a bag (10x22 in.) from one particular
heap, and took in it 152 species, of which the following may be worth
quoting : — Metahletus truncateUus, HeJophorus ajfinis and niihihis,
Ilyohates forticornis (one only), Homnlota angustula, fungi, \. clien-
tula, vicina, triangulum (several), depressa, &c., H. anal is was present
in enormous numbers, the bag must have contained several thousands,
Falagria ohscura, Oligota atomaria (not uncommon), Ilggronoma dimi-
diata (four or five), Conurus lividus and immnculntus, Philontluis
sanquinolejitus, eheninus, &c , Medon melanoccplial us, Stilicus affinis,
Stcnus circularis (one only), dccJaratus, pusillus, &c., Trogophloeus
corficinus and elongatulus, Homalium oxyacantlice, Tychus niger (very
common), Pselaplius Heisei, Scydmcenus collaris, Claiubus armadillo,
Gholeva cisteloides, Corylophus cassidioides, Scymnus frontalis, Psam-
moschus bipunctaftts (common), Atomaria atricapiUa, mesomelas, nana,
analis, pusilla, fuscata, and rufcornis, Ephistemus gyrinoides (rare
hereabouts), Simplocaria semistriata, Parnus anriculatus, Aphanisticus

* Cf. Ent. Ann., 1865, p. 51.

1897.] _ 87

pusiUus (i), Trachijs troqlodytes (23), Galerucn tenelJa, Prasocuris
heccahungcB, Aphthona ci/anella, Cassida sauffuiiiolenta (1), PhjjUotreta
hrassicce (common), Apion temce, &c., Strophosomus faher, SracJri/soiiius
echinatus, Alophus triguttafus (I), Sitones crinitus, &c., Tychius to-
menfosus ? (three or four), Coeliodes fuliginosus (several), &c , &c.

A day or two ago I brought home another bag full, but only-
found three more of the Trachys, and added Bemhidiuvi gilvipes,
Othius melanocejjhalus, and another Cassida sanguinolenta.

Ererton House, Ipswich :

March lOth, 1897.

Morning collecting around the electric lamps. — The illumination of Kingston-
on-Thames by the electric light about three years ago has made this district a most
valuable one for the collector of moths. Night time is considered by the majority
of collectors to be the best ; but having worked the lamps successfully in the mornings
for three years, I may safely say that this is the better plan. It has many advan-
tages, and the only disadvantage that I have found is that it entails early rising.
From 4 to 6 a.m. is the best time, after this there are too many interruptions from
the men employed by the Corporation to sweep the roads ; in so doing they sweep
away many of the finest moths, wliich generally rest in the gutter.

For collecting implements you will require a long bamboo fishing rod and a
strong cyanide bottle.

The modus operandi is very difPerent from that employed by those who collect
at night time. Starting at the first lamp in the street, you look carefully to see if
there are any specimens asleep on the lamp itself; if there are, touch them slightly
with the rod, and they will flutter quietly to the ground without attempting to fly
away. Having bottled these you look carefully on the ground, shop fronts, pave-
ment, or any wood or stone in the neighbourhood of the lamp, and you will almost
be sure to find a few more specimens ; indeed, some moths are not to be found on
the lamps at all, such as the two " thorns," Ennomos tiliaria and fuscantaria, and the
" Sallow " Xanthia verago. When first I started collecting, I used simply to look on
the lamps and ignore the shop fronts, &c. ; I thus used probably to miss a good
many which I should otherwise have taken.

The following is a list of the chief moths I have taken during the past three
years : — Cossus ligniperda, only one specimen. Sphinx ligiistri, one. Smerinthus
ocellatus, S. populi, S. tilice, were very common ; indeed, the hawk moths were very
well represented. Hepialus lupulinus, Arctia Caja, Spilosoma luhricipeda, Hitmia
crateegata, were in countless numbers. Selenia illunaria, Odontoptera bidentata,
Ennomos tiliaria, E. fuscantaria, Fhigalia pilosaria, Biston betularia, were mode-
rately common. Memerophila abruptaria was very common. Oi Boarmia repandata
one was taken. Abraxas grossulariata was common, but rather worn. Hibernia
leucophearia as usual was common, and there were some good varieties. Dicranura
furciila, one was taken, rather worn ; 2). vinula was very common, and I took some
fine specimens. Pygcera bucephala was in fine condition. Notodonta camelina one

88 [April,

was taken ; y. dictcea was in great numbers, but tliere were more females than males !
N. dictcBoides, two were taken ; J\r. ziczae one. Acronycta psi, rather common.
Leucania pollens, SIT taken. Calamia Zuioia, eight were taken in good condition.
Axylia putris, one was taken. Ztuzera cesculi, two were taken. Mamestra brassicee
was swarming. Grammesia trilinea, three or four in good condition. Agrotis
segetum, common. Xanthia cerago, X.gilvago, rather common. Phlogophora meti-
culosa, swarming in countless numbers, some lamps were covered with them. Eu-
plexia lucipara, two or three were taken. Plusia gamma was common, but rather
hard to capture, as it generally flew away when touched. Catocala nupta was
common, but most of the specimens were badly battered. Anchocelis litura, common ;
A. pistacina, very common in the roads, hiding under stones, paper, &c. Folia
flavicincta, two specimens. Hadena chetiopodii, common on the globes.

From the above list it appears that this method of taking moths is far superior
to that of going at night time, when you have to get a long net and work away for
hours sometimes for a single moth ; and you always have a crowd of urchins
following you wherever you go, whereas, by going in the morning you escape these
ti-oubles. — Bertram G. Coopkk, Tiffin's School, Kingston-on-Thames : Feb., 1897.

[Our correspondent is a lad 15 years of age, and the above was embodied
in a paper read at the Natural History Society of the School. His energy and
industry are highly commendable. — Eds.].

Note on the food of Bucculatrix artemisice, H.-S., in Britain. — It may be
within the remembrance of some of your readers that in these pages (vol. iv, first
series, p. 36) I added to our fauna a new Bucculatrix, B. artemisice (or artemisiella),
of which unfortunately I secured only a single specimen, and, to my regret, the
species has not since been taken in this country. It is with a view to inducing some
of your readers to look for the insect that these few lines are penned. On the con-
tinent, the food of this Bucculatrix is Artemisia campestris, but my larva was taken
on a yarrow leaf, which much perplexed Mr. Stainton, who asked (Annual for 1870,
p. 159) : " Is it pot.bible that this insect (artemisice) can be an extreme aberration
of cristatella, Z. ?" But, as I told my friend at the time, Artemisia vulgaris (mug-
wort) was common enough in the locality in which the capture was made, and as
there was a gale from the S.W. on the occasion, it might easily have been blown
from a neighbouring plant of mugwort. Then, again, I do not think B. artemisice
can have anything to do with cristatella, for the reasons that the larva, from the
first brood, of the latter is green, and full-fed at the beginning of May, whereas
that of the former was, so far as ray memory serves, whitish or drab, and it did not
pupate till the middle of June.

There is yet, however, the possibility that B. artemisice may really feed on both
yarrow and Artemisia, for which we have a precedent in the case of Eupithecia
absynthlata and succenturiata, which will eat indiscriminately the flowers of either
plant ; or, again, it may here feed on Achillea, while abroad it affects Artemisia,
just as the opposite is stated to occur with Fhorodesma smaragdaria. Still, it is
my firm belief that the occurrence of my larva upon yarrow was purely accidental,
and that the species will be found upon Artemisia vulgaris, if sought for between
the beginning and middle of June on the south coast. Of course, it should also be

1897.] 89

looked for on Artemisia campestris, a much scarcer plant in this country, the chief
habitat of which seems to be dry sandy heaths in Norfolk and Suffolk, especially
in the neighbourhood of Thetford and Bury, — H. G. Knaggs, Folkestone : February,
1897.

Sericoris pahistrana in Durham. — When collecting in a large wood in a
western portion of this county on May 25th, 1896, 1 was fortunate in meeting with
this species in considerable numbers ; it occurred upon a dry hill-side amongst
stunted fir trees, flying up from the grass — altitude probably 500 ft. above sea
level. It may be well to mention that, although the hill-side was dry, there was
marshy ground both on the top and at the bottom of it, but no specimen was found
on the top part, and very few on the marshy portion below. I have gone carefully
through the late Mr. Sang's diary (which is in my possession) and cannot find any
record of the species, although he had been in the habit of collecting in this part
of the county ; probably he had never been there at the right time.

My friend, Mr. B. A. Bower, of Lee, identified the species for me, but at his
suggestion I sent specimens to Lord Walsingham, who confirmed his identification.
With the exception of one specimen {vide Ent. Mo. Mag., 2nd series, vol. v, p. 50),
it had not been recorded for England. — J. Gardner, Hartlepool : Feb. 2^th, 1897.

Agrotis cinerea in Worcestershire. — On May 17th last, while collecting in Wyre
Forest, a moth came to my trap which, although obviously one of the Agrotidoe, I
was unable to name, and I have only recently made the interesting discovery that
my capture is Agrotis cinerea. It is much larger than usual English specimens, and
of quite a diSerent colour, which I may best describe as reddish-brown, with
umber-brown markings. The reniform spot is very dark and conspicuous. I may
mention that I have referred the specimen to Mr. Barrett, who unhesitatingly
pronounces it to be A. cinerea. Having no knowledge of any previous Worcester-
shire specimens, I venture to place the capture on record, — George W. Wynn,
192, Lozells Road, Birmingham : March, 1897.

Bees in February, 1897.— On Februaiy 26th I saw a ^ Andrena Givynana in
my garden, and, as the next morning was particularly warm and sunny, T visited a
favourite sandy bank within a few minutes' walk, and secured early specimens of
the following bees : — A. Gwynana, both sexes (abundant), A. Clarkella, $ , A. thora-
cica, $ (two specimens, one exceptionally large and fine, the other exceedingly
small), A. minutula, $ , Halictus minutissimus, $ . Anthophora pilipes, $ , was also
out, and the workers of Lasius niger were running about busily in the sand.

Six species of British bees all out together in February must surely be a
"record."— F. D. MoKict, Woking: ilfarcA, 1897.

Andrena angustior, Kirby, $ , with 12-jointed antennce. — In looking over some
Andrenas that I took six or seven years ago in Warwickshire, I have come across a
very curious specimen of Andrena angustior. It is certainly a (J , for I have ex-
tracted the armature and the hidden ventral segments ; but the antenuEe resemble
those of a ? , being both r2-jointed. Mr. Saunders, as well as myself, has examined

II

90 tApril,

the insect, and there seems no doubt that it is a genuine monstrosity. It is most
unusually large for a J angustior; but, except the antennae, its structure seems
perfectly normal. — Id.

Notes on Diptera taken in 1896. — With the exception of a fortnight at Bourne-
mouth, my collecting was confined to my own garden and neighbourhood (being
unable through ill-health to visit my favourite localities) ; nevertheless, several
interesting species were taken, a few of which are additions to the Midlands.

Merodon equestris — not uncommon in my garden, May 30th. Syrphus later-
narius — this usually rare insect was taken freely on the morning of July 5th,
mostly males ; at the same time, Chrysogaster splendida (1). Arctophila mussitans
— three fine specimens in the park. Chyliza leptogaster (1), Trephritis miliaria —
both taken in my garden, and are additions to the district. Acidia lychnidis — com-
mon in the garden. Scellus notatus — one S (garden), first time in this district ;
as I had only previously taken $ s (Weymouth) I was pleased to meet with it.
Erigone vngans— common in the park on pine needles. Mycophaga fungorum —
occurred both in the house and garden. Tetanocera olen^ — very common, crawling
over raspberry leaves covered with honeydew. Ditomyia ferruginea — one speci-
men taken in 1895 undoubtedly represents Walker's species, and this year I
captured a $ ,all black, which may prove to be a new species; hardly any Dipterists
seem to have met with Ditomyia in this country. Limnohia nitida — this is
recorded for the first time from Sutton Park ; it occurred freely on September 6th
and 7th amongst broom bushes, but was very difiBcalt to capture, owing to its
habit of crawling right into the centre of the bushes, and very seldom taking *'ight;
In other localities I have taken this species in May, so probably this was a sec^'-
brood.

The following were captured at Bournemouth : — Geranomyia unicolor, 8 speci-
mens of this delicate " daddy " on the pier; Miltogramma conica, and punctata (12) ;
Scopolia carbonaria ; Myopa fasciata (3) ; Syrphus nitens (1) ; Oneomyia atra ;
Xanthogramma ornata{^) ; Eutolamus trigonus ; Ensina sonehi. At Christchnrch :
Frosena siberita and Idia lunata, the last named being in the reputed species in
Mr. Verrall's list. — Ralph C. Bradley, Sutton Coldfield : February, 1897.

Metric cnemus fuscipes, Mg. .- a correction. — It would appear that among the
larvae of this species taken {ante p. 49) were some of a Ceratopogon, and it is to
this latter, and not to M. fuscipes, that the pupae figured belong. Baron Ostea
Sacken, who called my atteuiion to the error, thinks they might be C. geniculatus,
Guer. (= C bipunctatus, L-), but Mr. Verrall thinks they approach, though are
probably distinct from, C. piceus, Wtz. I sent Mr. Theobald, at the time, specimens
of both the above species, which unfortunately were damaged in transit, but I have
now posted him others, which will, I hope, prove more satisfactory. Mr. Verrall
adds that the Ceratopogon is quite distinct from bipunctatud, L., as indeed appears
to be the case, since neither the figure of the larva nor pupa in Mr. Theobald's
"British Flies," is like those taken by myself. — Claude Moeley, Everton House,
Ipswich : March, 1897.

Cryptocephalus x'O'rvulus, MUll. (fiavilahris, Fair.). — Mr. W. H. Bennett, of
Hastings, has recently sent me for examination a male example of an interesting

1S07.] 91

variety of this species, one of several found by himself and Mr. Donisthorpe, on
birch, at Battle, Sussex, in August, 1895. This insect is entirely black above, with
the sides and under surface bluish-violaceous. It is the C. barbare(B of Stephens,
and possibly the var. c of C. flavilahris, Gyllenhai (Fauna Suecica, iii, p. 623) —
" supra niger, subtus nigro-cseruleus ;" C. flavilabris, Gyll. (nee Fabr.), is, however,
treated by Weise as synonymons with C. ccerulescens. Sahib., which has not been
recorded from Britain. The present insect has the seriate punctures on the elytra
very coarse and transverse in shape, making the interstices appear transversely
wrinkled. The trochanters are testaceous. Gyllenhai queries his var. c of C.
flavilabris as being the C. barbarem of Linnaeus and Marsham ; but, according to
recent writers, C. barbarew, L., is a black variety of C. lO^maculatus, L. (= 10-
punctatus, L.). Mr. Bennett informs me that he has taken the ordinary form of
C. parvulus, Mxill., in the same wood, bat not in company with the black variety.
Stephens, misled by the name, gives "barberry" as the food-plant. — G. C. Champion,
Horsell, Woking : March I2th, 1897.

Coleoptera in Richmond Park, cfc. — I met with the following CoJeoptera in
Richmond Park in June last : — Epipeda plana, BoUtochara bella and B. lucida,
Mycetoporus lucidus, HomaJlum oxyacanthce, Lathrimceuin atrocephaluin. From a
rotten beech stump I obtained Euplectus nanus and E. signatus, Liodes humeralis
and L. orbicularis, and from old trees in difPerent parts of the Park, Anobiuni
denticolle (2), Anitys rubens (dead specimens only), Dorcatoma chrysomelina, Aspi-
diphorus orbiculatus, Mycetophagus piceus and M. quadripustulatus, and a single
specimen of the very rare Scraptia fuscula. At Claygate I found Megatoma undata
on an old willow, and at Leith Hill, Elater balteatus, Ceuthorrhynchus alliarice and
CcBtiopsis Waltoni. — W. H. Bennett, Hastings : March, 1897.

Neoclytus caprea. Say, and N. erythrocephalus, F., two North American
Longicorns bred in this country. — While cutting up last January an especially fine
ash trunk for the use of the wheelwrights employed by Messrs. Bass and Co., the
workmen found numerous larvae and some fully grown specimens of Neoclytus
caprea, Say, together with a pair of N. erythrocephalus, F. I made particular
enquiries, and found that, without doubt, the tree had grown at Carrick-on-Suir.
How this Irish tree became infested with these two species of North American
Longicornia I am unable to say, but both larvae and beetles were lively enough
■when brought to me. I have to thank Mr. Champion for their identification. —
Philip B. Mason, Trent House, Burton-on-Trent : March 9th, 1897.

The sale of the SalU collections at Paris on February 2bth to 27th, 1897.— The
late M. Salle was always specially interested in the Coleoptera from different parts
of America, and hia boxes comprised several separate collections, viz., (1) from
North America, (2) Central America, (3) the Antilles, (4) Venezuela, (5) other parts
of South America. The North American collection was relatively the most im-
portant : the CicindelidcB and Elateridae became the property of M. Fleutiaus ; the
StaphylinidoB, Glavicorns, Lucanidce and Coprophaga passed into various hands; the
other Families were bought by M. R. Oberthiir. The original collection from
Central America was acquired long since by Messrs. Godman and Salvin for the
"Biologia," but M. Salle had replaced it by means of duplicates and new acquisi-

02 [April,

tions. Thus to some extent it was of less interest, but it, nevertheless, contained
some great rarities, such as Pantodinus Klugii, Barm., (J , from Guatemala, a superb
series of Zop/ients, &c. M. Oberthiir obtained the Carabidce, Rutelidw, Dynastidce,
CetoniidcB, and Teiiehrionidce. The Longicorns were bought by M, Argod. The
eutire collection from the Antilles, remarkable for its Longicorns {e.g., Solenoptera) ,
and its Curculionidce (Diaprepes, Prepodes, Lachnopus) now belong to M. Oberthiir.
The collections from Venezuela and other parts of South America were dispersed,
but M. Oberthiir obtained the greater part, and amongst others the types of Ancis-
troma, the Pteroplati, Ac. M. Salle possessed a large number of boxes from-
Guerin-Meneville's collection, and in these were numerous types ; in addition the
quantity of duplicates of his own collecting in Mexico was considerable. The
Coleoptera realized £500 altogether. The Guerin-Meneville collection of Hemiptera,
containing several types, was obtained for the Paris Museum. — Eds,

The Larv^ of the British Butterflies and Moths : by (the late) William
Buckler, edited by Geo. T. Porritt, F.L.S. Vol. vii (the first portion of the
Oeometrce). 8vo, pp. xv and 176, and 22 chromo-lithographic plates. London: Ray
Society, 1897.

At length the series of vols, occupied by " Buckler's Larvae " seems to be within
measurable distance of completion. Another vol. will conclude the Geometridce,
and it remains to be seen whether the Ray Society will publish the scattered and
disconnected materials in band for the succeeding divisions. The present vol. ex-
tends to Larentia on " Manual " arrangement, and on the 22 plates are figured nearly
500 larvae ; sometimes seven or eight varieties of a single species are represented.
For the first time in the series chromo-lithography has been employed, and the
result seems to us eminently satisfactory. Even in the larger larvae it was found
practically impossible to satisfactorily reproduce Mr. Buckler's exquisite work by
hand, and we incline to the belief that for the smaller forms, with infinitely delicate
details, a continuation of the former practice would have resulted in disastrous failure.
The figures in the vol. before us, if not up to the delicacy of the originals, improve
under a hand magnifier, a result practically impossible by hand colouring other than
by the master brush of Buckler himself. The number of species of which no figures
are given is inconsiderable. But there are many blanks (mostly common forms) in
the letter-press. Most of the descriptions appeared in former vols, of this Magazine,
either by Mr. Buckler or by his friend the Rev. J. Hellins. Where these failed the
editor has republished descriptions by himself and others. We note one omission.
No description appears of Sterrha sacraria, whereas it was amply attended to by
Mr. Hellins in Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. ii (1865). Each vol. of this series is about the
cheapest guinea's worth that has ever been offered in the way of standard illustrated
works on British entomology, and from the small number of copies printed hardly
likely to be found in second-hand catalogues at reduced prices.

Eleventh Report of the Injurious and other Insects of the State
OF New York, for the year 1895 : by J. A. Lintner, Ph.D., State Entomologist.
8vo, pp. 236, and introduction, with 16 plates. Albany : University of the State of
New York. 1896.

1897.J 93

In this volume Dr. Lintner has given a more than usually varied Report, ex-
tending over several Orders of Insects, with full details. It is impossible to specify
these in the space at our disposal. We note, however, that the little House Ant
{Motwmorium pharaonis, L.) has been known to clear a house of bed bugs in a single
day, so it is not an unmixed evil. An appendix gives a list of insects affecting the
apple tree in America, in which no less than 356 species are mentioned, mostly
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera.

The Hemiptera-Homoptera of the British Islands : by James Edwards,
F..E.S. 8vo, pp. 271, and 2 plates ; large paper edition, with 28 coloured plates-
London : L. Reeve and Co. 1896.

Mr. Edwards has already done good work at this group, and published an exhaus-
tive account of the British genera and species of the Cicadina in the Transactions of the
Entomological Society of London for 1886 (Part II) and 1888 (Part I). The present
volume is in great measure a reproduction of these articles, with the addition of the
Psyllina ; the latter are carefully compiled, and the descriptions are clear and full.
Four new species are added, viz., Liburnia Tkoulessi, Fsi/lla concinna, Psylla
hrunneipennis, and Psylla venata. There is a useful introduction and two good
structural plates. In his preface Mr. Edwards notices the meagreness of the records
of localities, and rightly ascribes it to the paucity of collectors of the group ; but
we think mere might have been found, and at all events more advantage might have
been taken of Dr. Power's collection, which has apparently been overlooked. The
records, however, will probably be largely increased by the publication of the work,
which will be of very great service to all who desire to study the British Homoptera.
The large paper edition contains twenty-eight coloured plates ; the great majority
of the figures are plain and easy to recognise, and, taken together with the descrip-
tions, they ought to render the identification of the species an easy matter.

The Butterflies of North America. Third Series, Pt. xvii : by W. FI.
Edwards. 4to. Houghton, Mifflin and Co., Boston and New York. 1897.

We infer that this Part is not only practically the last of the Series, but also
of the entire work. If so, it brings to a conclusion a monumental enterprise com-
menced by the author nearly thirty years ago (1868), and carried ou with a single-
ness of purpose that is most commendable. Most of the Parts have been noticed
in this Magazine as they appeared. Of the work as a whole it may be said that it
commenced at a time when the number of North American species was very
uncertain, and of the transformations, distribution, and habits little was known.
Thanks largely to the energy of Mr. Edwards the biology of American species is
almost as well known as of those of Europe, and in some respects better knswn,
for there is probably no European work in which the larval details are delineated
iu the same minute manner. It is an ouvrage de luxe, but at the same time probably
the most important faunistic work on Butterflies that has ever appeared.

(ibituaru.

James B. Hodgkinson, F.E.S., was born at Preston on October 27th, 1823, and
died at Ashton-on-Ribble, a suburb of the same town, on February 17th, 1897.
About 1827 his family removed to Carlisle, and an acquaintance with Mr. T. C.

94 l^Vril,

Ileysham, a prominent border naturalist, probably developed in young Hodgkinson
the taste for ornithology and entomology that afterwards became so apparent.
Subsequently he was apprenticed to an engineer, and worked for many years as
such as a journeyman. When about 40 years of age he, with others, set up in
business as a cotton spinner. This business was afterwards given up, and he es-
tablished himself as a yarn agent, from which he retired a few years ago. He
probably published no lengthy paper, yet the Natural History aud Entomological
journals, dating from vol. ii of the " Zoologist" (1814) down almost to the date of
his death, gave constant evidence of his untiring activity; but literary work was
not his strong point, as numerous editors (who usually had to rewrite his notes)
could testify. In this connection it is stated that he kept no notes or accounts of
his business transactions, but relied solely on a wonderful memory. It was as a
collector that Hodgkinson stood prominently forward. He was emphatically a
field naturalist, and his keen eye and an aptitude, bordering on intuition, enabled
him to make several notable additions to the British Lepidoptera, and especially
amongst the Micros, and also to discover the habits of many others previously rare
or little known. Combined with this aptitude he had all the secretiveness of the
old school. A prominent feature in his character was an abhorrence of having
anything in his collection without a name, and this in some instances led to his
hastily publishing new names in cases where presumed experts had declined to
give any definite opinion. Possessed of a strong constitution, with untiring energy,
his outdoor work was continued almost to the last, and he amassed a collection of
British Lepidoptera scarcely second to any. His death leaves a prominent blank
in the ranks of our Lepidopterists, especially in the North of England, where,
years ago, he was one of a numerous band of contemporaries, of whom Mr. C. S.
Gregson is almost the only survivor. He leaves a widow, two sons and five
daughters to mourn his loss.

Cambridge Entomological and Natural History Society : February
12th, 1897.— Dr. Sharp, President, in the Chair.

The President showed a remarkable stridulating apparatus in a larva of the
Coleopterous genus Passalits, recently sent by Mr. C. Hose from Borneo. This
larva possesses two pairs of largely developed legs, while each leg of the third
pair remains a mere rudiment, but is much altered in form so as to be like a small
paw with four or five chitinous digits at the extremity wherewith to play on a
striated area on the coxa of the leg before it. He remarked that Passalid larvae are
very abundant in logs in the tropics, and that Mr. Champion had informed him
that he had heard stridulation proceeding from such logs in Panama. The President
also said it was difficult to imagine what use such an elaborate organ could be to
larvae, especially when they led a life of the kind mentioned. He also demonstrated
the stridulation of Coleoptera by means of a large individual of the Longicorn genus
Batocera, which produced a rather loud sound when the appropriate movements
were made. Mr. Fleet exhibited some Coleoptera, including the blister-beetle and
Apion astragali, taken at Cambridge some years ago by Mr. Rippoii. — C. J.
Wilkinson, Hon, Secretary.

1897.] 95

February 26tli, 1897. — Thk President in the Chair. Professor Newton,
Professor of Zoology, was elected an Honorary Member. Mr. Harmer, of King's
College, was elected President for the following year. Dr. Sharp exhibited a larva
of one of our common Geotrupes, and called attention to its stridulating organ, in
which one pair of legs work upon the pair in front of them. He said that this
beetle in the imago state also possesses a stridulating organ, but it is situated in a
different position anatomically, and therefore not corresponding with the larval
organ. The latter is lost in the imago, and it is clear that this elaborate structure
exists solely for the larval state, but Dr. Sharp acknowledged that he was unable
to guess what use such a structure could be to a larva, leading, as this does, an
underground life, and having, as far as we know, no relations with the lives of other
individuals of its own species that could be influenced by any sound it might
make. — L. Doncaster, Hon. Secretary.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
February llth, 1897. — R. Adkin, Esq., F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Barrett exhibited specimens of a species new to Britain, Platyptilia
tesseradactyla, taken by Mr. de V. Kane in the West of Ireland. Mr. Routledge,
a fine var. of DianthcBcia conspersa, bred from Orkney. It was generally ochreous,
the usually white markings being grey. Mr. Tutt, dead larvae of Hepialus Iwpulinus
which had been attacked by a fungus. Living larvee were also shown which had
nibbled the dead ones. On behalf of Mr. Fletcher, of Worthing, he exhibited a
series of hybrid Zygcenidm, from continental Z. Ochsenheimeri and British Z.
JilipendulcB. Also, on behalf of Mr. Prince, of Cheshire, a large box of common
species showing the local forms and range of variation. And on behalf of Dr.
Chapman, the living larva of Bryophila perla, showing its silken gallery to which
it retires during the day. It was noted that the species did not hibernate, but fed
all the winter. Mr. McArthur, a specimen of Aplecta occulta, just bred from a
Rannoch larva. Mr. Adkin, a series of the same species, part taken and part bred
from larvae taken at the same locality. They were of good size and very darkly
marked. The remainder of the evening was devoted to the exhibition by means of
the lantern of some sixty photo-micrographic slides of insect anatomy, by Mr. F.
Clark, aided by Mr. Fnrneaux, F R.G.S. Some of the prepared objects from which
slides had been made were kindly lent by Mr. W. West, of Streatham Mr. Clark
first showed, by means of diagrams, his method of making the slides, and then
went on to exhibit various forms of antennas, the tracheae, several forms of the
tongue, the compound eye, scales of Lepidoptera, hairs of common larvffi, and a
most interesting series of the parasites of man and animals. The large screen
used had been bought by Mr. Edwards and most kindly presented to the Society,
which is now admirably equipped with its lantern and all appliances for
demonstration purposes.

February 25th, 1897. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. Bishop, of Kingston-on-Thames, was elected a Member.

Mr. Billups exhibited for Mr. Sauze' some seventy species of Diptera, Coleoptera,
Neuroptera, &c , which had been taken during the last year. Mr. Tutt, specimens
of Aglais {Vanessa) urticoe, var. ichnusa, from Corsica, and remarked that Mr.
Merrifield's experimeniis had resulted in only an approximation to this var. He

96 i:^P"i' i**-''-

also showed specimens of Thais Cerisyi, var. Deyrolli, from S. E. Europe. Mr.
Adkin, two series of Fachnohia hyperborea (alpina) , one from Rannoch and the other
from Shetland, and made remarks on its local variation and its unaccountable
intermittent appearance. Tn the discussion which followed Mr. McArthur gave hia
experience of its appearance in alternate years. Mr. Tutt sugs^ested that the species
still retained its boreal habit of remaining two years in a larval condition. Mr. Adkin
instanced Retinia resinella as having a precisely similar habit. Mr. Mansbridge,
a smoky var. of Spilosovta lubricipeda, from York. Mr. Tunaley, a large number
of species from Aviemore to illustrate his paper, including long and very varied
series of Erebia cethiops, Eupithecia sobrinata, Larentia didymata, Thera simulata,
T. firmata, Cidaria immanata, Emmelesia minorata, Pccdisca ophthalmicana, Qelechia
populella, and others, especially selected to show the range of variation occurring
in that locality. Mr. Tunaley then read his paper, entitled, " Notes and Observations
on a holiday in the Rothiemurchns Forest of Scotland, from July 29th to Sept. 10th,
1896." In a few words he described the geographical surroundings and the
geological formation of the district, together with an account of the weather he
experienced and some remarks on the necessary equipment for collecting among
the Scotch mountains. He then took the more prominent species and described
the variations, peculiar habits of life and their protective resemblances. Several
of the species were noted as having different times of appearance at different
elevations, e. g., E. cethiops. He said that Cloantha solidaginis at rest on a fir post
closely resembled a piece of curled bark, and pointed out the extensive variation
in the central band of T. juniperata. The paper was interspersed with apt remarks
on Scotch characteristics, and terse descriptions of the environment of each species.
In the discussion which followed Mr. Tutt compared the habits of E. cethiops in the
Alps with the species in Scotland, and also contrasted the allied species E. ligea,
■which hid in the fir trees on the disappearance of the sun. Mr. Barrett said that
Epinephele Janira also roosted at times in the branches of trees at sunset. —
Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary

Entomological Society of London : February Vjth, 1897. — Mr. R.
McLachlan, F.R.S., Vice-President and Treasurer, in the Chair.

Messrs. Champion and Jacoby exhibited the collection of Phytophagous Coleoptera
made by Mr. H. H. Smith in St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines for the West
India Exploration Committee of the Royal Society. Mr. F. C. Adams exhibited
rare Diptera taken in the New Forest during the preceding year, and including
Callicera oenea and Nephrocerus flavicomis. Mr. M. Burr showed an example of an
undetermined species of Locust taken in the Post Ofiice at Bedford Street, Strand,
and six new species of Acrydiidce of different genera. The Secretary exhibited a
Cicada larva from which a fungus, pi-obably Cordyceps sobolifera, was growing,
which had been sent to the Society from Venezuela, with an inquiry as to its real
nature. The Rev. Dr. Walker showed a series of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and
Diptera, collected in the Orkney Islands during the previous season. Mr. Tutt
exhibited bred examples of the extreme radiate variety of Spilosomn lubricipeda.
This variety occurred naturally in Heligoland, and its existence in Great Britain
was probably attributable to accidental importation. Mr. Jacoby and Mr. Champion
communicated a " List of Phytophagous Coleoptera obtained by Mr. H. H. Smith in
St. Vincent, Grenada and the Grenadines, with descriptions of new species." —
W. F. H. Blanufoki) and F. Merruield, Hon. Sees.

May, 1807.) 97

ALEOCHARA (BARYOBMA) SUCCICOLA, Tiioms., A BRITISH INSECT.
BY Q. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Under the name A. moesta, Grav., two species are confused in
British collections. One of them is common and widely distributed :
this is the A. succicola, Thorns., not hitherto recorded from Britain ;
the other, the true A. mcesta, Grav., appears to be very much rarei',
and of the thirty specimens repi'esenting A. moesta in my collection,
two only are referable to it (from the London district, and the Isle of
Sheppey respectively), all the others belonging to A. succicola. The
tv/o insects, which are placed in different subgenera of Baryodma by
Mulsant and Rey, may be distinguished by the following characters : —

Maxillary palpi with the thii-d joint long, and gradually widening outwards
(subg. Polychara, Muls.and Rey) ; head and prothorax coarsely punctate ;
hind body very sparsely punctate moesta, Grav.

Maxillary palpi with the third joint shorter and sub triangularly dilated (subg.
Homoeochara, Muls. and Rey) ; head and prothorax finely punctate ; hind
body still more sparsely punctate, appearing almost impunctate...

succicola, Thorns.

The difference in the form of the maxillary palpi was not noticed
by Thomson in his description of A. succicola (Skand. Col., ix, p. 216
[1867]). Ganglbauer (Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa, ii, p. 38, 41
[1895]), gives the synonymy of the two species as follows : —
moesta, Grav. succicola, Thorns.

sparsa, Heer. sparsa, Fairm. and Laboulb.

latipalpis, Muls. and Rey.

But, according to Mulsant and Key (Aleochaires, p. 135), A.
succicola, Thorns. (1867) = A. sparsa, Heer (1838), and if that is
correct Heer's name will have to be used for the insect desci'ibed by
Thomson. A. cursitor and A. rufipes, Steph. (1832),* are more likely
to belong to this species than to A. moesta, under which name they
are placed by Ganglbauer. In any case it is quite obvious that the
common insect described by Thomson in 1867 must have been pre-
viously known, and the name succicola can only be provisionally used
for it. Dr. Sharp, at my request, has examined his British exponents
of A. onoesta, and he informs me that with one exception (a specimen
from Glasgow) the whole of them belong to A. succicola. This latter
is extremely variable in size and colour, specimens occurring with
reddish elytra or antennae (these forms sometimes doing duty for
A. hrunneipennis, &c., in collections) ; the dilated subtriangular third

* The types of these species cannot now be identified with certainty in the Stephensian
collection : two specimens are placed under A. cursitor, one of which is A. nitida, and the other
A. succicola, and three under A. rufipes ; these latter being Micruglosaa nidicola !

I

98 ^^'-''J'

joint of the maxillary palpi is a conspicuous character in small speci-
mens, in which it is of about the same length as the slender fourth
joint.

In one of my two specimens of A. moesta the hind body is as
smooth as it is in A. succicola, the punctuation varying a little in
both species.

A. succicola and A. moesta are both widely distributed on the
continent, the latter also occurring in North America ; A. succicola
extends southwards to Gibraltar and Corsica,* and is also found in
Madeira; A. moesta is much more local, and there are specimens
of it from Savoy, Cauterets, and Lake Baikal, in Dr. Sharp's
collection.

Horsell, Woking :

March 29ih, 1897.

PLATYSTETHUS ALUTACEUS, Thoms., A BRITISH INSECT.
BY Or. C. CHAMPIOX, F.Z.S.

I possess a male specimen of this insect found by myself many
years ago in the London district, probably at Morden, Surrey, in
1869 ; and Mr. Keys, of Plymouth, has recently sent me two others,
females, to name, these latter having been found by him at Slapton
Ley, Devon, during the present month. P. alutaceus is closely allied
to P. cornutus, Grrav., the two apparently having been regarded as
forms of one species by Erichson, Kraatz, and Fairmaire, but they
may be separated by the following characters : —

Upper surface shining, very finely alutaeeous ; the elytra with a more or less distinct
testaceous patch ou the disc and very distinct scattered punctures...

cornutus, Grav.

scybalarius, Runde.
viaxillosus, Peyron.
degener, Rey.

Upper surface dull, more distinctly alutaeeous, the elytra especially; the latter

black, and with very shallow scattered punctures... a/?<^a6-e(«, Thoms.

cornutus, Gyll.
tristis, Rey.

The above mentioned British specimens agree well with others
from Corfu, Asia Minor, and Morocco {Walker) in my collection. In
all these examples the elytra are duller and more distinctly alutaeeous
than in any of the numerous British and European examples of P,
cornutus that I have examined. The colour of the elytra is perhaps

• The A. mcesla of my Corsican list (Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond., 1894, p. 233) belongs to A.
succicola.

1897.] 99

variable iu both insects, and not to be relied upon as a specific cha-
racter. In both P. cornutus and P. alutaceus the elytra are margined
at the apex, as well as along the suture. P. alutaceus is widely dis-
tributed on the continent.

Horsell, Woking :

April nth, 1897.

ON THE HABITS OF CIDARIA RETICULATA*
BT THE EEV. AUTHUIi MILES MOSS.

Having been made acquainted by a friend with the food-plant,
the wild balsam (^Impatiens noli-me-tangere) , and seeing from Newman
that July was the month for the moth, I determined to go and search.
It was July 4th, 1892, and, as though by inspiration, I went straight
to a spot in Westmoreland where I had an idea that I had seen the
plant, I found it at once, and within five minutes was rewarded — to
my intense joy and more intense astonishment — for a beautiful fresh
specimen of C. reticulata flew up out of the balsam and settled on a
nettle leaf before my eyes.

I W'ent hot and cold in turns lest I should miss it, but was soon
able to breathe freely when I saw it safely in the net. I could hardly
believe my eyes, for my hunts are by no means always successful, and
on this occasion I had not dared to anticipate success. I succeeded
in catching two more that afternoon, missing another ; they were not
such good specimens as the first, and as the season had been very hot,
I do not doubt that they were out before the end of June.

I paid several more visits and caught ten or a dozen altogether,
but never saw many at one time, and generally succeeded in missing
as many as I caught. The balsam grows in patches over an area of
(roughly) 400 yards in length and 100 in breadth, on a very steep side
of a hill, among loose slatey stones and moss-covered rock, and
generally under the shade of trees and saplings. These circumstances
combined will perhaps furnish an excuse for my being so clumsy as
generally to miss one-half of what I saw, and several times I nearly
sprained my ankle.

I generally found the moth sitting on a tree trunk, though occa-
sionally it started out of the food-plant when the latter was plentiful ;
but I never found it sitting on a rock or stone. Sometimes when it
was difficult to net I succeeded in bottling it straight off, but often
lost the specimen in the attempt, as it flies very sharply, generally over
the top of branches ten or a dozen feet from the ground, and settles

* Read at the Meeting of the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society on March sth, ISy?.

1 i

100 *''y.

iu oue of the leaves, so that it is very clifBcuIt to follow, and in such
a ease I generally lost it. In one instance I missed one among
bracken, gravel and rubbish under the net, and believe that it feigned
death.

Other places where the plant grows even more luxuriously have
yielded me nothing. I know of half a dozen such, and have searched
them carefull}'' for both imago and larva. There seems to be nothing
to account for its absence. I visited the original spot in September,
and found larvae commonly, almost one on every plant, but was not
successful with them.

In 1893, a colder and consequently later season than 1892, 1 found
no moths before July 20th and larvae not till October, and then not so
plentifully. I obtained aboiit thirty, and sleeved them out on a pot
of growing balsam iu the garden for the winter. Probably as many
as 75 per cent, were ichneumoned, the parasite being a large fly for so
small a moth ; its cocoon is grey, with two parallel dark rings round it.

I had no opportunity of getting either imago or larva in 1894-,
but bred three imagines from the previous year's larvae about July
20th. In October I found most of the balsam plants torn up by the
roots. Conferred with Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson, of Preston, on the
subject, and he and I wrote letters to Magazines on this apparent act
of vandalism. Mr. Gregsou has since suggested, and with great pro-
bability, that the balsam had not been torn up to exterminate reticulata,
but in order to find the larvae of the lovtv'w, Pentliina postremana !
July, 1895, showed that my fears about its extinction were unfounded,
but there were certainly very few imagines of reticulata, and I did not
find a single larva in Octobei", which may have been too late. In 1896
I caught three of the moths and missed as many more.

The larva shows a decided preference for the green seeds in the
pods over the leaves, though it will eat these also. It is very similar
in appearance to a long narrow seed-pod, and generally rests in the
same position under a leaf, holding on to the midrib, and the head
hanging down, though sometimes it is on a stalk. The seed-pods
bend when eaten into, instead of bursting as usual. The larva is of a
delicate green with a very faint red dorsal stripe, more noticeable at
the extremities than in the middle. It spins a rather tough cocoon in
the soil, and changes to a very small dumpy pupa. In this state I
have heard of its being found by collecting the loose soil and rubbish
round each plant, the larva not wandering far away, but I have never
myself taken it in this way, probably many would be destroyed in
the process.

1897.1

101

The late Mr. Hodgkiuson knew of this spot, and of two others
M'hich have unfortunately been destroyed since. I am confident that
the insect does not occur in the other half dozen places where I have
carefully searched. No doubt it has other localities if energetically
pursued, for which I have neither time nor opportunity.

26, Hamilton Square, Birkenhead :
March, 1897.

OX THE DISTRIBUTION OF GELECHIA SUPPELIELLA, Wlsm.,
AND PELIELLA, Tr.

BY EUSTACE K. BANKES, M.A., F.E.S.

Lord Walsingliam, when writing his very interesting paper (Ent. IMo. Mag., Ser.
2, vii, pp. 250-1) on Oelechia suppeliella, was evidently not aware that this species
had occurred out of England ; it may therefore be useful to record some further
facts as to the distribution of it and its close ally. In the Stainton continental
collection the series standing as " peliella " consists of ten specimens, of which three,
labelled respectively " Zeller, 11/50," " Soutli G-ermany, Staudinger, 1/76," and
"Germany, Staudinger, 12/77," are suppeliella, while the remaining seven are
peliella and are labelled as follows, one " e. I. 3/7/59, R. acetosella, Soden, Schmid,"
two " Heyne, 3/73," one " South Germany, Staudinger, 1/76," one " Germany,
Staudinger, 12/77," two " Silesia, Staudinger, 7/1/90." The note-books contain no
furtlier details of any consequence about them. In the Frey collection tlie series
labelled " O. peliella, Tr." is composed of three specimens only, of which the first
and second are from " Breslau," while the third is from " Frankfixrt" : all three are
fine suppeliella. Next below follows a set of four specimens of which the first alone
bears a label, which reads " G. alacella, Dii^., Z., H.-S., Frankfiirt :" this means that
Frey identified them all as alacella and that they all came from Frankfiirt, but, as a
matter of fact, the two first only are alacella while the last two are very fine peliella,
Tr. ! Frey recognised the distinctions between the latter species and suppeliella, but
was deceived as to their real identity. Since Zeller sent Stainton suppeliella in 1850,
his own collection will most likely reveal other spots for it, and doubtless some of
the many continental localities recorded by Stainton, Sorhagen, and others, for peliella
really refer to its ally : in any case the above facts serve to show that both insects
are widely distributed in Germany. In his note in Ent. Mo. Mag., XXV, 161, Mr.
Warren does not mention the locality where he collected the larvae which now prove
to have been suppeliella, so it may prevent future uncertainty to state that it was
near West Wickham, where Messrs. Douglas and Stainton had already taken the
imago many years before. The species also occurs at Sandy, in Bedfoi'dshire, where
two examples in my collection were taken by the Rev. G. H. Raynor on June 29th,
1883.

I regret to say that my efforts to find British examples of peliella have so far been
in vain, nor do I know any reason for supposing that it occurs in this country. The

] 02 [May.

first important English notice of reputed " peliella," just previously included but
■without comment in Stainton's Syst. Cat. (1849), was published in Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond. V, 200 (1849), where Mr. J. W. Douglas gives a description, and adds that
he only knows one Britisli specimen which was taken by Mr. Stainton at Wickham.
His description leaves it uncei'tain whether he had peliella or xiippeliella before liim,
but he now says that it was taken from Stainton's Wickham example. The Stainton
British series of so-called "peliella'^ consists of 16 specimens arranged in two
parallel columns, and the individual described by Douglas must be one of the two
top specimens, for no others were taken before 1852. Of these two, both mounted
in the same early style, the left is unlabelled, while the right is labelled " 1489," but
since the number is unpreceded by Stainton's special " S," his note-books contain no
explanation of it. The latter moth, which is suppeliella, is rather worn, and from this
fact, and from its colour, which is not " black-brown," it is clear that the former is the
one described by Douglas and taken by Stainton at West Wickham in or before 1848.
It is in fine condition, and the position of the first discal, which lies exactly above
the second plical, blackish spot proves that it is suppeliella, ihow^ its ground-colour
is browner, more uniform, and less white-sprinkled than usual. The remaining
fourteen are likewise all suppeliella, the note-books showing that the second, third,
and fourth specimens in each column were captured at West Wickham on July loth,
1852, while the other eight are labelled "e./.W. Wickham, Gr. H. \_rectius, "G. W." —
E. R. B.] Bird, 4.4. 89."

Lord Walsingham says (Z.c.) that Stainton's descriptions in I. B. Lep. Tin., p. Ill
(1854), and Nat. Hist. Tin., IX, 106-15 (1865), were undoubtedly taken from the
ivMQ peliella, because of the position assigned to the two important spots: with all
due deference to him, however, I believe that the former must have been made from
suppeliella, for when it was written Stainton had no true peliella, but eight British
and one continental suppeliella, and his remark that the upper is " hardly posterior "
to the lower spot, while implying that in Gelechice as a rule it is decidedly posterior,
is strictly applicable to these, for in one British specimen the upper spots are clearly
a little posterior to the lower, and on the right wing of another the upper projects
distinctly beyond the lower and smaller spot. Seeing that Stainton (I. B. Lep. Tin.,
p. Ill) uses the term " rather posterior " when describing alacella, his words " hardly
posterior" would be quite inappropriate if referring to true peliella, in which the
spots stand much more obliquely. The description in Nat. Hist. Tin. was doubtless
based chiefly on the single G-erman peliella bred in 1859, which was the only example
Stainton then possessed, but it was clearly modified so as to include the suppeliella,
for he speaks of the upper spot as " very little posterior " to the lower,
although in the figure (presumably made from the same individual) it is
decidsdly posterior, and he obviously alludes to suppeliella in the remark
" caught specimens are paler and of a greyish tinge." The description in the
" Manual " (1859) was evidently taken from suppeliella as was also the figure
in Morris' "British Moths" (1870). Thanks to Mr. P. B. Mason's kindness I have
examined his own and Mr. J. W. Douglas' series of supposed peliella ; the former
consists of 11, the latter of 6 specimens, and all arc suppeliella. Four of Mr.
Mason's examples were bred from W. Wickham, but the history of the others is
uncertain : of Mr. Douglas', one was taken at Dulwich Wood, June 3rcl, 1848, four
at W. Wickham on June 5th, 1848, and one on July 22nd, 1853.

1897.] ] 03

After critically examining nearly 100 suppeJiella, mostly bred, I find that the
position of the first discal spot, which is usually exactly above the second plical spot,
distinctly varies from a little anterior to a little posterior to it, while in peliella it
varies from only a little to considerably posterior to it : thus the range of position
is from the same point thoiagh in opposite directions in the two species. The black
spots, though somewhat inconstant in size, are, as a rule, larger, more blot-like, in
suppeliella, and its colour is less uniformly dark, owing to the presence of many
more whitish scales. Lord Walsingham's remark on Duponchel's original figure of
peliella is especially interesting, because in the published figure the upper of the
two most important spots is omitted, although in the description mention is only
made of three black spots, of which one is " near the base " and two " in the middle."

The Rectory, Corfe Castle :

January 4<th, 1897.

[When describing Gelechia suppeliella [Ent. Mo. Mag. XXXII, 250-1 (1896)]
I was unable to examine the series of peliella in the Zeller Collection, and could
not thei'efore, attempt to deal with the distribution of these two closely allied species.
Zeller's series oi peliella consisted of 27 specimens, of which 8 are peliella and 19 are
suppeliella, and his specially labelled exponent of " Gelechia peliella, Tr., Dup. 297,
11., H-S., 484" is not that species but suppeliella. The majority of the specimens
are simply dated, no locality being indicated, while several have no labels whatever.
I am greatly obliged to Mr. McLachlan for having informed me that the specimens
with dates but without localities would, in the majority of cases, prove to have been
collected either at Grlogau or at Meseritz, and that the obituary notice of Zeller,
Ent. Mo. Mag., XX, 1-8 (1883) would furnish the actual dates at which he had
collected in various localities. With this clue little difficulty has been experienced
in assigning the proper locality to these merely dated specimens, and the localities
thus obtained for the two species from this collection are as follows —

Gelechia peliella, Tr. (8 specimens). 1 " N. Langenau, Sd w., 12, 49 ; " 1 Meseritz
(= " l^jQjQS ") ; 1 Grross Glogau (=; " 24^jQjbb ") ; the remaining 5 specimens have
no labels.

Gelechia suppeliella, Wlsm. (19 specimens). 3 Frankfort-on-the-Oder, or Gross
Glogau (=" 6/6/34 ; " "11/6/34"); 2 Gross Glogau (= "20/7/42," "6/7/56");
5 Meseritz (= "28/6/62," "19/6/64," "19/7/66"); 1 Griinhof, bei Stettin
(="22/7/70"). Of the remaining specimens, one on a shoi't white metal pin is
undoubtedly of English origin, and was probably received from either Douglas or
Stainton, it is labelled " 112 " and " 1521 " (the " 15 " being prefixed in red pencil) ;
a second " Posen, Gnadenf., 1857 ; " a third " Heroldella, Zttst., Oct., 47, 56 ; " a
fourth " Fr., 20/6 MiJll." (?= Frankfort) ; anotlier specimen has an undecipherable
label, while the remaining three have no labels.

In the Isis, 1839, 199, Zeller wrote, " Viele Exemplare, Glogau, Frankfurt."
Three specimens only can be identified as having been in Zeller's possession at that
time, and of these two are dated "6/6/34" and the third "11/6/34;" an unset
specimen labelled " Fr., 20/6 Miill." (the year being omittedj may have been the
authority for the record " Frankfurt," supposing that the other specimens captured
in 1834 were taken at Glogau — -but this is uncertain.

104 -'''^y-

Heinemann's description, Schin. Deiitscli. Tin., 211 (1870) appears to hare been
taken from the true joe/ee/^a, for he writes of the critical spots, "die zwei vordern
schriig gestellt," and again "die beiden Tordern schrag iiber einaiider," but we
cannot deal with his localities, for it is possible that his series may have contained
both species.

Although it was obvious that Snellen's description, Vlind. Ned. Micr.,639 (1882)
also referred to pellella, for he writes of the same spots, " de onderste der beide
eerste staat iets meer wortelwarts dan bovenste," yet I am glad to be able to confirm
my opinion by a quotation from a letter from Mr. Snellen, dated 21st Nov., 1896 : —
" Wliat I liave as jse^/eZ/a from Oesel and Livonia (v. Nolcken) and this country"
(i.e. Holland) "are all rightly peUella, Tr., Wals., and my description" (in de
Vlinders van Nederland) " also undoubtedly applies to that species, but besides
these I have one specimen more, received from Mr. de Graaf, and formerly seen by
the late Mr. Stainton, who declared it to be also peUella. Mr. de Graaf, however,
could never agree with Mr. Stainton's identification, on account of the paler and
less uniform colour of the fore-wings and the different position of the two first
dark spots (being *, instead of .*). This specimen answers very well to Lord
Walsingham's description of siipj^elleJla. Afterwards I captured a second, and bo
I think I may admit that the species also exists on the continent." Mr. Snellen
asks further whether suppeliella can be identical with ignorantella, H.-S., 510.
Herrich-Schaffer's figure would be comparable to peUella rather than to suppeliella
so far as the critical spots are concerned, but it differs from both in having the outer
spot in line with the upper critical spot (not with the basal spot) and in having an
oblique yellowish streak from the costa to the lower critical spot. Mr. Snellen also
refers to a paper by Major Hering, Stett. Ent. Ztg., LIV, 96-8 (1893) wherein it is
suggested that ignorantella, H.-S. = ochrisignella, Nik. The type of ochrisignella,
Nik., is in the Zeller Collection, and while closely allied to peUella, seems to me to
be nearer to Herrich-Schaffer's figure of perpetuella (511), while perpetuella, Zell.
Coll., is more like ignorantella (H.-S., 510) but at present I am not disposed to
dispute Major Hering's conclusions.

Mr. J. W. Douglas (in litt. 17, XI, 1896) writes, " I cannot suppose that Stainton
described his peUella from a foreign specimen — all his habits are against such a
notion." Mr. Durrant has examined Stainton's British series of peliella and
confirms Mr. Bankes' opinion that they are all suppeliella. In suggesting tliat in
the Insecta Britannica Stainton's description was taken from peliella and not from
suppeliella, I simply relied upon the description, which could only be properly applied
to peliella, but as Mr. Bankes has proved tliat at the time this description was made
Stainton did not possess peliella, there can be little doubt that it was drawn up
somewhat loosely from a British specimen, but I was only able to judge from the
description itself and not from the specimens described.

The distribution of these two species appears to be as follows : — peliella, Lapland ?
(Zetterst.) ; Livonia ; Oesel ; Germany ; Holland ; Corsica : suppeliella, Germany,
Holland, England. — Walsingham, Merton Hall, February Qth, 1897].

i89r.j 105

Captures of Coleoptera during the fast tweloe months.— li may interest some of
the London Coleopterists to liear of the following captures of Coleoptera durhig the
past twelve months. At Oxshott, in the early spring, in and about the nests of
Formica fuUginosa, the usual run of Myrmedonia humeralis, laticollis, &c., with an
occasional Mirroglossa gentilis ; and, in the sandpits, Cardiophorus asellus and
Atemeles emarginatiis. At Portland, in April, Trichonj/x Mdrkeli, one specimen, in
company with Claviger foveolatus. At Epping Forest, in April and May, Mgceto-
phagus atomarlus, Litargus hifasciatus, Triplax russica, and Xyleborus saxeseni, in
fair numbers, in old beech logs, with an occasional Ditoma crenata and Sihanus
unidentatus. At the New Forest the best thing obtained in the early part of the
year was Pediacus dermestoides, two specimens of which were captured on April
30th, under bark. At Bookham, May 17th and 24th, by beating hawthorn, Orso-
dacna humeralis (1), Clytus mysticus, Ischnomera cmrnlea, and Hedohia imperialis ;
also Callidium violaceum, in some numbers in old pine posts near the station ;
Asemum striatum* two specimens, from old pine stumps not far from the village,
and Crepidodera helxines, var. cyanea, Marsh., on aspen bushes. At Richmond
Park, on May 23rd, I had the pleasure of taking my first specimen of Ischnodes
sanguinicollis, flying in the early morning, near the old locality ; Scraptia fascula
(1) and Xylophilus pygmcBus also occurred in the same place. At Mickleham, July
18th — September 20th, 'the following were the most noteworthy captures : — Licinus
depressus (3), Chrysomela gottingensis, Choragns Sheppardi (2), Ceuthorrhynchus
echii, trimaculatus, and asperifoliarum, CeuthorrhyncMdius horridus, and Pogono-
chcerus dentatus. At Brent Knoll, Somerset, October 23rd — 25th, Anisotoma furva,
one, flying in the hot sunshine, and abundance of Cicindela maritima, amongst other
commoner species. At Bos Hill, December 2'bi\\,Lebia chlorocephala ; this finishing
my list of captures for 1896.

So far, this year, although the season has hardly commenced, seems to be
decidedly in advance of that of 1896. The following local species have already
been observed : — At Brent Knoll, Somerset, January 5th, Brachytarsus varius, two
specimens, from moss and lichen siftings off old apple trees. At Richmond Park,
February 14th, Opilo mollis, one specimen, under bark of a plane tree. At Dormans,
Sussex, February 20th, Endomychus coccineus, sixteen examples, under the bark of
an old willow. At Dorking, March 9th, Leptinus testaceus (6), from a rodent's nest
under an old barn ; and O rthochcetes setiger and Hyperaspis reppensis, in moss. At
Richmond Park, March 14th, Prognatha quadricornis, in profusion, under beech
bark. At the New Forest, March 21st, Anobium denticolle. With regard to this
interesting capture, the following observations as to its life-history may be worth
mentioning : — The tree attacked was an old oak, and contained three distinct colonies,
two of which were in the larval stage, and for obvious reasons left alone. The
perfect insect pupates in a small cell about half an inch from the surface in the
rottenest wood. The male, on emerging, bores through to the cell of the female, where
copulation takes place, in which condition I had the pleasure of taking six specimens.
The female then proceeds to bore into the more solid wood, depositing the eggs in
the boring, somewhat after the manner of various Scolytidce. The males do not
appear to live long after copulation, as I saw several quite dead, but pei'fect, in the

* An interesting record, showing that this boreal insect is gradually establishing itself in the
south of England, it having bean recently found in the New Forest also.— G. C. C.

lOG [>i^>y.

old cells of the female. This may in some way account for the rarity of the species,
and I should say from the appearance of the distinct colonies that the insects very
seldom leave the tree until forced to do so, as there was no trace whatever of an
external boring on the old oak in question. I have to thank a friendly Thymalus
Umbatus for this discovery, as I should never liave thought of searching where there
was no external working visible. At Wimbledon Common, March 25th, Stylops
meliifcB, four males and six females ; these were taken by catching specimens of
Andrena roxcB, race Trinimerana, hovering round the sallow bloom. They are not at
all difficult to detect, the females only of the Andrena apparently being attacked, and
the presence of the StyJops is made manifest by the somewhat moribund appearance
of the bees, and by their apparent inability to collect pollen, the healthy females
having their legs covered with pollen. — Bertram Geo. Kte, 212, Upper Richmond
Road, Putney, S.W. : March tWi, 1897.

Coleoptera in Jersey. — In June last I had a brief stay of three days in Jersey.
Only a portion of that time was available for collecting ; but perhaps a list of
the species met with may not be without interest. Coleoptera were distinctly less
abundant than on the coast here, both beating and sweeping producing very few
epecies, while Geodephaga were very sparingly obtained under stones. I had only
been in the Island a few hours, however, before I found in the rocky pools on the
coast, close to St. Helier's, Ochthebius Lejolisi in plenty ; it occurred under exactly
similar conditions to those which prevailed at Ilfracombe, where I first met with it
in the previous June. With it were a few specimens of Helophorus, which proved
to he nothing better than eeneipennis. I found afterwards that the Ochthebius oc-
curred all round the coast, at every place where I was able to try for it. Other
epecies found on the shore included Cillenus lateralis, Diglossa tnersa, Aleochara
•ohscupella, Cafius xantkoloma, and Homalium riparium. Some sandy flats yielded
'Onthephagus taurus in plenty, accompanied by O. vacca and O. nuehicornis, Copris
luno/ris, Aphodius fossor, A.Jiinelarius, A. ater, and A. merdarius, Saprinus eeneus
:and Mister unicolor being less common at the same spot. From the dodder a single
fepecimen of Smicronyx cicur was obtained by beating, and in a little hollow I found
Cryptocephalus vittatus, Dolichosoma nohile, Malachius viridis, and some numbers
•of a minute Mordellistena which is at present undetermined. Other species met
with include Harpaliis latus, H. anxius, and //. serripes, Hydroporus lepidtts,
JLnaspis thoracica and A.fasciata, Silpha obscura, Phalacrus corruscus, CalUdium
ir-ariabile, Luperus nigrojascialtts, Otiorrhynchus rugifrons, Apion fuscirostre, A.
malvce, and A. hcematodes, Trachyphlceus aristatus and T. scaber, Canopsis Waltoni,
Strophosomns retustis, Sitones hispidulus and <S. cambricus, Polydrusus confluens,
Bruchus ater, and Caulotrypis ceneopiceus, the last mentioned abundant in oak and
.tamarisk. — W. H. Bennett, 15, Wellington Place, Hastings : March 9th, 1897.

Libellula fidva, Midi., and j^Eschna mixta. Lair., in Suffolk. — Picking up
'things at random at Beccles in 1892, 1 took single specimens of these two uncommon
.and local species. The former was secured in its native marshes, which, along tlie
vwhole of the north border of Suffolk, represent the ancient coast line of the German
•Ocean, and the latter in a window of a house not far from the original site of the
•Saxon lighthouse, now occupied by the Church. I did not know the species at the

ISiiT.] 107

time or I should probably have turned up more of eaeh, since these marshes are
undoubtedlj a fine liabitat of Iseiwoptera generally. Beceles is now ten miles
inland. — Claude Morlet, Everton House, Ipswich : March 2.1th, 1897.

Astata atiqma, Panz., tf'c, near Ryde. — I was able to give but very little time
to entomology last summer, and what few days I could spare were mostly rainy.
Towards the end of June, howevei-, I got a few Aculeates, the best being a $ Astata
stigma on the sandhills at St. Helen's. Pompilus ritftpes was plentiful at the same
place, iioth sexes of Colletes picistignia occurred at Spring Vale on ^cAJ^/ea. At
St. Helen's I got C.fodiens and C. marginata ; of the latter only two males. An-
drena pilipes and Caelioxgs vectis on Ruhus at Sandown. — Gr. E. Feisby, Leonie
Villas, Park Koad, Ryde, Isle of Wight : March I8th, 1897.

Tephrosia bistortata {c rep use til aria), and T. crepiixcularia (biitndularia). — It will
be remembered that last year Mr. Barrett, in writing of specimens of a second brood
of one of the Tephrosice captured in a wood near Reading in July, referred them to
T. crepuscularia (biandularia) because T. bistortata did not occur in this particular
wood. The specimens to which I refer were exhibited on September 10th last at a
Meeting of the South London Entomological Society. Being doubtful as to the
absence of T. bistortata {crepuscularia) from this wood, I went on the 22nd inst.
to look for it, and took two, one in a larch plantation, the other from a beech
trunk near the same plantation. I again visited the wood on the 24tli inst. and
captured two more ; this time both specimens were taken from larch trunks. The
assumption that T. bistortata was absent from this wood is, therefore, erroneous,
and the insects taken last July should in all probability be referred, not to a second
generation of T. crepuscularia (biundularia). but to a second generation of T. bis-
tortata (crepuscularia). — J. Claeke, Reading : March ^Ith, 1897.

[Received before the publication of the editorial note on p. 79 ante. — Eds.].

lUuieiu.

Monograph of the Bombtcine Moths of Ameeica Noeth of Mexico.
Part I, Family I, NotodontidcB : by Alpheus S. Packaed. 4to, pp. 287, with 49
plates and 10 maps. Washington : National Academy of Sciences. 1895.

There is every reason to believe that this important memoir, although dated
1895, was not distributed until 1896 was well advanced. This is unfortunate, because
it did not enable writers of papers dealing with similar subjects to embody the
author's views, but some of the conclusions were foreshadowed in separate papers.
It is necessary to deal with the work from two standpoints. Firstly, Dr. Packard
tells us that for some years he has been collecting materials for a general work on
N. A. Bombycine Moths, of which this is the first instalment. It is exhaustive in
the highest degree, the descriptions are minute, the local information of the fullest
(so far as obtainable), and the plates are mostly excellent. The figures of the perfect
insects are executed from photographs (a plan we think not entirely free from
objection) ; those of the transformations are coloured ; the anatomical details are
very full ; and as a somewhat novel feature the disti-ibution of the species of the
larger genera is indicated on maps. But the systematic portion is preceded by a

lOS t^'^'J-'

series of chapters on Lepidoptera as a whole, in which the subject is treated from
the most modern ideas, including Dr. Chapman's suggested classification from the
pupal characters. The author is not a Natural Selectionist pur et simple. As to
phjlogeny, the author suggests that the Lepidoptera, Trichoptera,and Diptera may
have had a common ancestry, the Lepidoptera being first differentiated, and the
Diptera last. Prof. Comstock's division into Jugaicz and Frenatce is not accepted, and
probably with reason. The Order is divided into two sub-orders, (1) Laciniata
(= EriocephalidcB) and (2) Haustellata, including all the rest (with Micropteryx).
The chapter on a rational system of nomenclatui'e in neuration of Lepidoptera (as
opposed to the empirical practice of using numbers only) is suggestive and useful.
But we are still much in the dark as to the terms " costa," " subcosta," and " radius,"
as used in other Orders, the inference being that the anterior edge of the wing in
Lepidoptera is usually not regarded as a " nervure " in an anatomical sense, and is,
therefore, not equivalent to the " costa " in most other insects. Here we must
stop ; we have before us a masterly work. — R. McL.

(©bituarn.

Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer. — The death is announced of this well-known Lepi-
dopterist at Vienna, on January 15th last, aged 65. For many years he was
attached to the Entomological Department of the Vienna Natural History Museum.
His name will always be prominent in connection with the Lepidopterous portion of
the results of the voyage of the " Novara," but he also published many papers,
chiefly in the " Verhandlungen " of the Zoological-Botanical Society of Vienna.
He was noted for his courtesy, to which some of our own countrymen wlio from
time to time visited the Austrian capital can testify, and was instrumental in
establishing an Entomological Society in that city, but we know not if it is still in
existence.

Br. John Hamilton, of Allegheny, Pa., U.S.A., died in Florida, whither he had
gone to recruit his health, on February 12th last, witiiin a few days of completing
his 70th year, he having been born in Ohio on February 17th, 1827- He practised
as a physician in Allegheny for many years, and did not publish anything on ento-
mology until about 1882, since when his contributions, especially concerning
Coleoptera, have been numerous. Possibly one of the most important is his
" Catalogue of Coleoptera common to North America, North Asia and Europe "
(Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1894), an abstract of which (so far as regards British species)
was given by Mr. Champion in the Nos. of this Magazine for June and July, 1895.

The late Mr. Alexander Napier.— The printer of this Magazine, from itd com-
mencement in June, 18G4, passed away on April 8th, aged 71. He began as a
compositor on a daily newspaper, and in 1850 set up for himself at 52, Seymour
Street, Euston Square, subsequently enlarging his office by the addition of the
adjoining premises, and gradually establishing a considerable business, in which he
was a working hand until quite recently, assisted by members of his family, and by
the foreman (Mr. Bradbury), whoso services date from 1857. The Editors pay a
tribute of respect to the memory of an upright, worthy man.

1S07.] 109

Roddies.

Birmingham Entomologicai Society : February Vcith, 1897. — Mr. R. C.
Bradley in the Chair.

Mr. Bradley showed an unusually large specimen of Cinibex st/Ivarum, from
Sutton. Mr. A. H. Martinean, bramble stems containing pupse of Aculeate
IJymenoptera, and explained how to collect them in this manner ; also Cocci of
cochineal, as imported ; also VespcB to show their position during hibernation ;
they hang on by their mandibles with their legs all di-awn up and their wings under
the body, the wings to some extent supporting the body. Mr. Or. W. Wynn,
varieties of Cerastis vaccinii and spadicea taken at sugar at Hanbury Park ; one of
vaccina had a pretty chestnut thorax with chestnut marginal bar and fringes and
some at the base of the fore-wings, the rest of the fore-wings being greyish, giving
the appearance of a chestnut insect with greyish bars. Mr. Fountain, local bred
Nyssia hispidaria. Mr. C. J. Wainwright, rare Diptera, including Orthoneura
brevicornis, a pair from Sutton ; Chrysogaster virescens, females, from Sutton ; and
Ckeilosia Bergenstammi.

Ilarch loth, 1897.— Mr. CI. T. Bethune-Baker, President, in the Chair.

Mr. R. C. Bradley showed various Lepidoptera. Mr. A. H. Martineau,
Odynerus Icevipes, from Wyre Forest, a rare insect which he said seemed to be well
established at "Wyre, as Mr. Bradley had also taken specimens there on another
occasion. Also he showed Sphecodes niger ^ . Mr. Bethune-Baker showed two
drawers containing a portion of the Fapilionidcs, with the genus Farnassius and
allied genera. They included Liiehdorfia Puziloi, from Vladivostock, Sericinus
Telamon from Eastern Asia, Ismene Helios from Samarkand, etc., and a fine variety
of Doritis apollinus from Asia Minor. — Colbran J. Wainwright, Hon. Sec.

Cambridge Entomological and Natural History Society : March 12th,
1897. — Dr. Sharp, President, in the Chair.

Dr. Sharp exhibited, on behalf of Dr. Haviland, part of his magnificent
collection of Termites. His method of preparation consists in placing the various
forms of a species found in one nest, in glass tubes divided into compartments by
cotton wool, and filled with spirit. A photograph of a Termitarium of Termes
malayanuii, taken in situ after it had been sectioned, showed the royal cell in the
middle of the structure, and the chambers for growing fungi — this species being
a fungus grower — about the periphery. Portions of this nest and individuals taken
from it were exhibited. The nest is composed of thin, fragile laminae, of a pottery
like structure, but the royal cell, composed of this substance, is very thick and
solid. The fungus-chambers are not constructed of clay, but of comminuted
vegetable matter, subsequently cemented together. The specimens taken from
this nest included two queens and one king from the royal cell, large and small
soldiers, and large-headed and small-headed workers. — L. Doncastek, Hon. Sec.

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society : March 8th, 1897,
— S. J. Capper, Esq., F.L.S., F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. F. Birch read a paper, entitled, " An Excursion to Cassiopeland, with a

110 [May,

sample of its Entomological Fauna," in which he graphically described a visit to the
grand Langdale Pikes in Westinoi'eland in search of this, the only Alpine species of
butterfly occurring in England, which he was successful in capturing along with
Crambus furcatellus, and other rare mountain species. The Rev. A. M. Moss read
a paper, entitled, " Notes on Cidaria reticulata from Windermere," in which he
recounted his experience in taking this rare and beautiful moth from its curious
food-plant, Impatiens noli-me-tangere, both in the larval and imago stages. Both
papers were well illustrated by numerous specimens. Mr. Moss also exhibited a
drawer of Bombyces with life-histories. Mr. T. G. Mason, a long series of Tcenio-
campa opima, bred a week previously. Mr. John Watson, Colias Hyale, and
varieties poliographus and Simoda, and C. Erate, variety sareptensis and ah. erio-
ptera, a.\id C. liomanovi. — F. N. Pierce, Hon. Sec, 1, The Elms, Dingle, Liverpool.

The South London Entomological and Natiteal History Society :
March Wth, 1897.— R. Adkin, Esq., F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Lucas exhibited living nymphs of the Dragon-fly, Pyrrhosoma minium,
from Oxshott. Mr. Tutt, a pine branch with a nest of a gregarious Europterid moth
sent from Cannes by Dr. Chapman. It was presumedly that of Cnethocampa
filyocampa. He then gave the results of a recent examination of the ova of Tephrosia
crepuscular la (bistortata) and T.biundularia,i\\usiriiiing his remarks with blackboard
diagrams from drawings made under the microscope that day. There were three
distinct batches of ova ; 1, of T. crepuscular ia, 2, of T. biundularia, and 3, of the
result of a cross between the two species, a female of the former and a male of the
latter. The shape and texture of the three batches were all differentiated. Those
of T. biundularia were smaller, somewhat oval in shape, of a yellow colour and
more opaque, whilst those of T. crepuscularia were cylindrical with rounded ends,
of a pearly-green, slightly transparent and iridescent. The ova which were the
result of the cross were intermediate in size, slightly more rounded at one end than
the other, and more variable inter se than either of the other batches, which were
remarkably constant in their characters. He was indebted to Mr. Bacot for the
opportunity of examining these batches side by side under the microscope. That
gentleman had succeeded in breeding the species at the same time, and had forwarded
him the ova on the same day as they were laid. He did not know whether each
batch was the product of a single female or not. Mr. Tutt then referred to the
alleged occui-rence of T. biundularia in Morayshire, and said that the opinion of
several Members was that Mr. Adkin's specimen was only T. crepuscularia. Mr.
Home's specimen from the same district was now exhibited, and he (Mr. Tutt) said
that it was identical with the Perthshire specimen and of the same type as the
Central European forms of 2'. crepuscularia. Mr. Montgomery, larvae of Mania
maura, which he had obtained from Mr. Young, of Rotherham. Mr. Adkin,
specimens of Arbraxas grossulariata, in one of which the yellow band extended
across two-thirds of the hind-wing, and in the other the yellow colour was reduced
in intensity to a very pale buff. He also showed an Arclia Caja, with fore-wings
much suffused with brown and with the blue-black blotches of the hind-wings much
run together. A long discussion then took place on the protection of insects in
danger of extermination, and finally the following resolution was adopted : — "That

1897.] Ill

the thanks of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society be
given to the Committee of the Entomological Society of London for the Protection
of Species of Insects in danger of extermination ; that the Society strongly approves
of the work, and that the Members present pledge themselves to use their personal
efforts to further the objects of the Coaimittee.

March 2oth, 1897.— The President in the Chair.

B. H. Waters, Esq., of 48, Finsbury Pavement, E.C., was elected a Member.

Mr. McArthur exhibited specimens of Melanippe hastata from various localities,
and said that he had never taken the species in Shetland nor had he seen the food-
plant there. Rev. E. Tarbat, a gynandromorphous specimen of Melanargia Galatea.
taken at Swanage. The markings of the under-side followed those of the upper,
Mr. Mansbridge exhibited a bred series of Anchocelis rujina, from Huddersfield,
which were less uniformly tinted than the southern examples of this species usually
are. Mr. Tutt, specimens of Phigalia pedaria (pilosaria) taken near Bradford by
Mr. Butterfield, who reported the dark varieties as much more common this year
than he had noticed before, and attributed the variation to scarcity of food, especially
as the examples were small, thinly scaled and badly pigmented. Mr. Mansbridge
said the black was of a different kind to that of the melanic specimens he had seen
from the West Riding. Mr. Tutt reported that Mr. Clarke had taken Tephrosla
crepuscularia this spring from the wood which Mrs. Bazett had asserted did not
produce it, and so confirmed the statement made by Mr. Henderson last October.
Rev. E. Tarbat also reported the species from woods near Reading. Mr. Turner,
living larvse of Cleora Ucheiiaria, taken in Ashdown Forest, and remarked on their
wonderful resemblance to the lichen on which they fed. He also made a few remarks-
on the district in anticipation of the proposed visit of the Society at Whitsuntide.
'Mr. Adkin, BerieB oi Abraxas ffrossulariata,hred from Perthshire larvae, including
a noticeable var. with fore-wings having a broad white central band with a large
circular black discoidal spot, and hind-wings also having a large discoidal spot. A
paper, entitled, " Representative Species," by Professor A. Radcliffe Grote, A.M.,
was then read by Mr. Tutt. It showed at some length the identical and parallel!
species which existed in the two continents. The evidence pointed to a continuous
land connection between the nearctic and palsearctic regions. Mr. Tutt said that he
had no doubt that the two faunas had been distributed from the circumpolar region
while a subtropical climate existed there. It was announced that the Proceedings
for 1896 were now ready for distribution to Members.

April 8t7i, 1897.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. South exhibited the following Geometrida from Europe and East Asia : —
Eustroma reticulata and var. oerosa, the latter larger and more golden-yellow ;
Cidaria silaceata, Chinese specimens, both larger and smaller than European ;
C. corylata, Eastern examples very similar; C. ^iea^a, some Chinese specimens,
larger and more yellow ; Melanippe procellata, some were larger than European
and some with ground colour suffused with a fuliginous shade. Mr. Lucas,
specimens of an exotic earwig, Anisolabis annulipes, which could be distinguished
from other British species by two white joints near the tip of the antennae. The
distinctly ringed femora give it its speciiic name. It was found in 1894 at
Tavistock, but the specimens exhibited came from Surrey. Mr. Adkin, a fine

112 :>>^y'

series of red forms of Tceniocampa gracilis from the New Forest and Rannoch. Mr.
Tutt read a most interesting paper, entitled, "Some Considerations of Natural
Genera and Incidental References to the Nature of Species." — Ht. J. Turner,
Jlon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : March ^rd, 1897. — Mr. R. Trimen,
F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. George W. Bird, of the Manor House, West Wickhani, Kent ; Mr. Alfred
H. Martineau, of Solihull, Warwickshire; Mr. Hubert C. Phillips, M.R.C.S., of 83,
Shirland Gardens, W. ; Mr. William A. Vice, M.B., of 5, Belvoir Street, Leicester ;
and Mr. Colbran J. Wainwright, of 147, Hall Road, Handsworth, Birmingham ;
were elected Fellows of the Society.

The Secretary announced that the Committee appointed to consider the question
of the protection of British insects in danger of extermination, had unanimously
resolved that it was desirable to form an Association, the members of which should
agree to discourage, by their own example and by their influence, the excessive
collecting of all those species of Lepidoptera which from their habits appeared to be
in danger of extermination ; that this resolution had received the approval of the
Council, who would refer the matter back to the Committee, in order that definite
proposals for the formation of such an Association might be drafted, and it was
hoped to lay these proposals before the Society for discussion upon April 7th.
Mr. Champion exhibited, on behalf of Messrs. Godman and Salvin, a portion of
the Elateridm, and the Celrionida and Ehipidocerida recently worked out by him
in the " Biologia Centrali-Americana." The Elaterida included 531, the Cehrionida
29, and the Rhipidocerida 14 species, a large proportion of which were described as
new. He also exhibited a specimen of Eudectiis Girandi, Redt., found by himself
at Mendel, in the Austrian Tyrol, in July last. This is a rare European species of
StapJtyiinidce, a black variety of which {E. Whitei, Sharp) had once been found in
Scotland, on the summit of Ben-a-Bhuird. Mr. Jacobj showed a Halticid beetle,
taken in Mashonaland by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, and remarkable for a prolongation
of the hind tibia beyond the tarsal articulation, into a very long serrated process.
Mr. Elwes showed a series of PapilionidcB of the Machaon group, from North
America, including P. Machaon and P. oregonia from British Columbia, P. Brucei,
P. Pairdii, and P. Zolicaon from Glenwood Springs, Colorado, and the latter species
from British Columbia. He stated that there was a tolerably complete gradation
from P. oregonia (= Machaon) through P. Brucei to P. Zolicaon, that none of the
characters which had been relied on for separation were of real value, and that the
structure of the genitalia afforded no assistance. Although P. Bairdii appeared to
be very distinct in appearance and habits, it was associated with the other forms in
Colorado, and Mr. W. H. Edwards stated that he had bred both P. Bairdii and P.
oregonia from eggs of the same female of either of the two forms. Mr. J. J. Walker
mentioned that he had bred P. Zolicaon from larvae found on Siiim, at Esquimalt,
Vancouver Is., and that neither larva nor pupa was distinguishable from that of P.
Machaon. Mr. O. II. Latter read a paper on " The prothoracic gland of DIcranura
vinula, and other notes," in continuation of his previous communications on the subject.
A fresh use of the formic acid secreted by the larva was described ; it was employed
to alter the silk secreted in spinning the cocoon, in order to convert it into the well-

1897.] 113

known horny mass. If the acid was prevented from acting, as by supplying the
larvae witli bits of blotting paper soaked in an alkali to be utilized in making the
cocoon, the silk thus protected from the action of the acid retained its usual fibrous
structure. Sir George Harapson communicated a paper on " The Classification of
two sub-families of Moths of the Family Pi/ ralidce— the HydrocamplncB and <Sfo-
pariante."

March 17fh, 1897.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Henry Hague, care of the Clydesdale Bank, 30, Lombard Street, E.C., was
elected a Fellow of the Society.

Mr. Butterfield, present as a visitor, exiiibited a series of thirty-three male and
six female Phigalia pedaria, taken near Bradford, Yorkshire, on February 14th to
17th, 1897. Twenty-one males were typical in having a greater or less development
of transverse bars. The remaining twelve were without bands, and varied in colour
from black to smoky-olive ; they were decidedly less in point of size, ranging from
l-j^j' i"^- to 1^-^ in., as against 1~ in. to l^i in. in the banded forms, and were also
poorer in scales and slightly deformed. He had only met with this variety once
before in the last twenty years, and suggested that the eruption of small, black, and
depauperized forms might have been produced by dryness and want of food in the
larval conditions, the trees having been extensively defoliated in the preceding year.
Mr. Tutt agreed with this view, in the course of the subsequent discussion. Mr.
Porritt said that the melanic variety had occurred to his knowledge for several years
in the Bradford district, and that similar varieties, e. g., in A. hetularia, showed no
signs of depauperisation. Mr. Kirkaldy exhibited an example of the rare macro-
pterous form of Velia currens, Fabr., taken at East Grrinstead, and one of Cicadetta
montana, Scop., from Brockenhurst. Mr. Burr exhibited a series of grasshoppers
with red and blue hind-wings of the Family (EdipodidcB, to show the remarkable
variation in colour seen in this group. Red, blue, and yellow forms are found alike
in the same species, the blue being due to the failure of the red pigment, and
therefore an incipient albinism, the yellow being a further form of albinism. Mr.
Champion communicated a paper on the Elaterida and Rhlpidoceridce collected
by Mr. H. H. Smith, at St. Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines, and exhibited
the specimens. Dr. Forel also communicated a paper on the Formicida, collected
by Mr. Smith in the same islands. — W. F. H. Blandfoed and F. Meeeifielo,
Hon. Sees.

April 7th, 1897.— The President in the Chair.

The following Memorandum of an Association for the Protection of Insects in
danger of extermination, which had been drawn up by a Committee appointed for
the purpose and approved by the Council, was laid before the Society and signed
generally by those present : " We, the undersigned, being desirous of protecting
from extermination those rare and local species of Insects which are not injurious to
Agriculture nor to Manufactures, do hereby agree, by our own example and by the
exercise of our influence over others, to discourage the excessive collection and
destruction of those species of Insects which from their peculiar habits are in danger
of extermination in the United Kingdom.

"We further agree to accc))t for the purposes of this Association such list o-f

K

114 [May.

species in need of protection as shall be drawn up, and, if necessary, from time to
time amended bj the Committee of the Entomological Society of London appointed
to that end."

The draft of alterations and additions to the Society's Bye-Laws, recommended
for adoption by the Council, was read for the first time. Mr. McLachlan showed,
on behalf of Mr. Gerald Strickland, a magnified photograph of Brachycerus apterus,
obtained by direct enlargement in the camera, and extremely clear in definition and
detail. Mr. Tutt exhibited some of the silk used by Tephrosia bistortata to cover its
ova, and discovered by Dr. Riding. It was contained in a pouch at the extremity of
the abdomen in the form of dense bundles about 2 mm. long, and resembling in
miniature locks of wavy flaxen hair. Hitherto all such coverings were supposed to
consist of scales from the anal segment. Papers were communicated by Prof. Miall,
F.R.S., on "The Structure and Life-history of Limnohia replieata" and by Messrs.
Godman, F.R.S., and Salvin, F.R.S., on " New Species of Central and South
American Rhopalocera." — W. F. H. Blandfoed, Hon. Sec.

SUPPLEMENT TO "A SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH FSYCHODID^."
BY THE EEV. A. E. EATON, M.A., F.E.S.

{Continued from 2nd series, vol. \n, page 211).

Classification of Species of the 4th Section of Pericoma.

A. Radius linked to or confluent with the cubitus at a distance beyond the anterior
basal cell less than the cell's apical width.

* Bristling hair wanting on the subcosta, prsebrachial and anal nervures ; its
endings on the pobrachial branches and postical arranged in a re-
entering angulate line with one another. Penultimate (15th) joint
in the $ antenna; bulbose, with a short, cylindrical or filiform beak ;
scape clad with hair, mingled with a few short inconspicuous scales ;
. 1st joint obovoid, slightly compressed ; 2nd shorter and globular; 3rd
subequal in length to the 4th, bulbose, with a tapering beak and an
ample verticil of hair ; the succeeding joints bulbose with filiform
beaks ; for articular appendages, an inner verticil of short, dense, soft
hair or a pair of opposite expanded fascicles of hairlike scales. Superior
(J genital appendages similar in pattern to those of species of the 3rd
Section.
A. Bristling hair in parts of the wing extended beyond the shortest line
drawn from the end of the subcosta to the end of the postical
nervure ; its endings on the posterior radius and cubitus distant
from the radial bifurcation, and approximated to each other
beyond its ending on the anterior radius, which is near the bifur-
cation ; its ending on the anterior pobrachial opposite that on the
posterior radius ; that on the cubitus either in line with these or
a little beyond them ; its endings on the pobrachial branches and
postical nervure in an obtusely or almost rectangulate line with
one another, the angle re-entering 27. P. ustulata.

1897.] 115

A. A. Bristling hair wholly interior to the sliortest line drawn from the end
of the subcosta to the end of the postieul nervure ; its endings
on the radial branches and cubitus distant from the radial bifur-
cation, and approximated to one another in a slightly oblique line
with that on the anterior pobrachial, which is the outermost ; its
endings on the pobrachial branches and postical nervure disposed
in an almost right-angled line with one another, the angle re-
entering 26. P.fratercula.

B. Radius confluent with the cubitus at a distance beyond the anterior basal cell
equal to or greater than the cell's apical width. Bristling hair wholly
interior to the shortest line drawn from the end of the subcosta to the end
of the postical nervure.

+ Bristling hair on the i-adius extended, if only for a short distance, beyond the
bifurcation.

B. Bristling hair in most parts of the wing extended beyond the shortest
line drawn from the end of the subcosta to the end of the axillar
nervure ; wanting on the subcosta, preebrachial and anal nervures ;
its endings on the radial branches and cubitus distant from the
radial bifurcation, and approximated to one another in an oblique
or subtransverse line neai'ly abreast of the end of the subcosta.

h. Endings of the ranks of bristling hair from the anterior radius to
the postical nervure disposed in an obtusely, angulate, trans-
verse, zigzag line, commencing and terminating opposite the
end of the anal nervure, and having the salient angle at the
cubitus, the re-entering angle at the posterior pobrachial.
Penultimate (15th) joint in the $ antenna spheroidal, not
beaked ; 16th small, globular and apiculate or bulbose ; scape
densely squammate ; let joint elongate, about twice the
length of the 2nd, which is obovoid ; 3rd joint short, subequal
to the 4th, and provided with a well-furnished verticil of
hair ; 3rd-14tli joints bulbose ; the beaks, stout and tapering
to about the 8th joint, become slender, and from about the
11th to the 14th filiform : for articular appendages, a dense
inner verticil of long, fine, soft hair 28. P. ealiginosa.

b.h. Endings of the ranks of bristling hair from the anterior radius to
the postical almost in a straight line with oiie another, re-
ceding successively posteriorly very gradually to a small
extent inwards : $ unknown Species No. XIV, Alg.

B.B. Bristling hair wholly interior to the shortest line drawn from the end
of the subcosta to the end of the axillar nervure ; wanting on the
subcosta, praebrachial and anal nervures ; its endings on the radial
branches and cubitus approximated to the radial bifurcation.

J? Endings of the ranks of bristling hair on the radial branches and
cubitus placed as it were at three corners of a rhombus,
having its fourth corner at the radial bifurcation ; the
endings of those on the pobrachial branches and postical

K 2

1 Hj [May,

ncrvure stand in a straight transverse line with the ending on
the cubitus, a little interior to its ending on the posterior
radius, which is the outermost. Penultimate (14th) joint in
the 3 antenna spheroidal, not beaked ; 15th rather smaller,
globular and apiculate or bulbose ; scape densely squamate ;
1st joint subovoid, subequal in length to the 2nd, which is
globular ; 3rd joint elongate, slightly stouter than the 4th
and apparently longer, although (by micrometer) of the same
length as it; 3rd-13th joints pastiniform, each furnished
with a pluriseriate outer verticil of hairs, and an inner verticil
of denser, long, fine, soft hairs, enclosing articular appendages
in the form of two opposite expanded, concave, ovate fascicles
of coherent soft hair, similar to minute membraneous striate
grass glumes 29. P. incerla.

tt 13ristling hair on the radius confined entirely to the stem {prcBfurca).

B.B.B. Bristling hair nowhere (unless on the postical nervure) extended
beyond the shortest line drawn from the end of the subcosta to
the end of the axillar ; its ending on the radius conterminous
with the stem, or very nearly so, and opposite or approximate to
its ending on the cubitus. Penultimate (14th) joint in the ^
antenna obovoid or spheroidal, not beaked ; 15th apiculate ; 1st
joint short, obovoid ; 2nd subglobular ; 3rd ovoid or bulbose, with
a short stout beak, shorter than the 4th joint, and furnished with
a small verticil of hairs ; 4th-13th joints bulbose, with the beaks
long and filiform ; articular appendages long, slightly oblique,
curved subspirally half a turn.

b^ Bristling hair wanting on the subcosta, radial branches, prsebrachial
ami anal nervures ; its endings from the radius to the postical
ncrvure disposed in an obtusely, angulate, transverse line
with one another, with the angle re-entering and at the an-
terior pobrachial nervure ; loth joint in the S antenna very
small; scape densely squamate Species ?fo. XV, Alg.

b^^- Bi istling hair wanting on the subcosta, radial branches, prsebrachial,
anal, and probably on the posterior pobrachial ; its endings
from the radius to the axillar nervure disposed in an oblique
slightly zigzag line with one another, liaving obtuse salient
angles at the cubitus and postical nervure ; 15th joint in the
$ antenna bulbose, associated with the last pair of articular
appendages so as to appear amidst the surrounding hairs
figure of 8-shaped ; scape clothed with hairs and a few in-
conspicuous scales 30. P. revisenda.

27. Pericoma ttsttjlata (Haliday, MS.), Walker.
P. ustulata, idem, Ins. Brit. Dipt., iii, 258 (1856) ; Etu., arite,
2nd ser., vol iv, 12S, and vol. v, pi. iii, P. 27— 27a (details).

1897.] 117

Pobrachial bifurcation adjacent but exterior to tlie shortest line drawn from the
axil of the radial fork to the end of the asillar nervure. Of the seventeen small
black hair-spots (all within the region of bristling hair) enumerated in the Synopsis
(l. c), two or three near the base of the wing are often ill-defined or wanting ;
altogether there are reckoned 8, marking the endings of ranks of the bristling hair :
1 at the radial bifurcation, preceded by 1 on the radial stem ; 1 on the cubitus near
the same bifurcation, and 1 nearer the cross vein ; 1 by the pobrachial bifurcation
on the base of the anterior branch, and 1 at the base of the stem ; 1 on the
postical near this last bifurcation ; 1 on the axillar nervure adjacent to the fold
of deflection, and 1 at the end of the anterior basal cell. The short appressed
blackish hairs at the endings of the nervures do not constitute conspicuous spots.
Hair of the head and body similar in tint to the lighter parts of the wings ; the
tint warmer from some standpoints than from others, and darker on the notum.
Legs light yellowish-brown, or tow colour, annulate or banded with dark brown or
blackish-brown in sis places, viz. : narrowly close to the tip of the femur ; narrowly
at the base, and more broadly in the middle, and close to the tip of the tibia (these
annulations are sometimes confluent on one side of the tibia) ; broadly from near
the base almost to the apex of the 1st joint, and again throughout the 3rd, 4th, and
all but the extreme tip of the 5th joint of the tarsus.

Beneath the wings in both sexes, at the inner extremities of the subcosta
and axillar nervure, on the nameless nervure incurrent from the inner margin, and
on the nervures bordering the anterior basal cell, are some very narrow linear scales.
Season, June to September.

Walker's coliection did not contain any specimen of this species.
The name \ustulata is applied to this insect in the sense of the old-
fashioned English term, " spark-ed," used to describe a spotted cow.

26. Pericoma i'ratercula, Etn.
P. fratercula, ante, 2nd ser., vol. iv, 128, and vol. v, pi. iii, P. 26
(detail).

Pobrachial bifurcation distinctly beyond the shortest line drawn from the axil
of the radial fork to the end of the axillar nervure. The fascia and the spot on the
axillar, mentioned in the diagnosis {I. c), mark the endings of the ranks of bristling
hair, the fascia being, however, completed posteriorly by the declinate hairs at the
end of the axillar nervure. The cubitus should have been named, with the radial
branches, as contributing hairs to the foremost spot. Apart from the spots, the
bristling hair from certain standpoints matches with the light brownish-grey hair
of the body and the longer of the hairs of the legs, but from other directions the
hair on the notum between the wings is a darker brown. Legs dark brownish,
glossed with the lighter colour narrowly at the tips of the tibiae and of the tarsal
joints ; with change of posture the gloss is liable to be more diffused, especially on
the last four joints in the tarsus. Hair of antennae medium sepia-brown.

The distribution of scales on the under-side of the wings is limited almost as in
P. ustulata ; but there are in addition similar scales, interior to the fold of deflection,
on the inner border of the costa and on the posterior mai-gin, as well as some on the
mediastinal nervure. Season, May, June, August, and September.

118 [May,

Reference has already been made to the resembhince between this
species and F. morula (Subsect. C, 25), which likeness suggested its
name. In the field, the place of insertion of the radius cannot, of
course, be made out ; but the difference in position of the pobrachial
bifurcation, mentioned above, and the black spot of bristling hair on
the axillar standing inwards out of line with the other spots of
bristling hair, suffice for the recognition of P. frntercuJa while in the
tube of the collecting bottle.

28. Peuicoma caliginos.\, Etn.
P. calirjinosa, ante, 2ud ser., vol. iv, 128, and vol. v, pi. iii, P. 28
(detail).

Bifurcation of the pobrachial nervure distinctly interior to the shortest line
drawn from the axil of the radial fork to the end of the axillar nervure. The fascia
across the bases of the forks marks the exterior limits of the ranks of bristling hair
from the anterior radius to the postical nervure ; it is interrupted at the prffibrachial
and anal nervures (where the hair is smooth and not denser than elsewhere), and is
completed posteriorly by the dense decumbent hairs beyond the bristling hair on the
axillar nervure. Except on the mediastinal nervure, a well-marked parting divides
the bristling hair from that beyond it, and the exterior hairs next to the parting lie
outwards in fascicles so as to produce the outer fascia from the end of the postical
nervure, which is interrupted at the prsebrachial nervure ; beyond this fascia the
hairs spread more thinly, except just at the endings of the pobrachial branches and
prsebrachial nervure, where they again lie close together in the usual fashion ; fringes
very long towards the base at the posterior margin, and long at the base of the costa.
Hair of the head and body fuligineous, very long at the sides of the abdomen ; $
genitalia of the usual pattern. Hair of the antennae warm sepia-brown ; indumen-
tum of tiie scape in the $ black, spreading at the apex of the 1st joint. Legs black-
brown or fuliginous, with a relatively dull gloss on the tarsus.

Beneath, at the base of the wing, the distribution of scales in both sexes is
much the same as in P. incerta (29), q. v. Season, June to August.

Psychoda hicolor. Banks, " The Canadian Entomologist," xxvi, 333
(1894), may be suspected to be related in some degree to P. caliginosa
and its kindred ; but the descriptions of this author are too pre-
Schinerian in style for purposes of classification, and leave open the
alternative possibility of its having nearer affinity with species
scheduled above under Pericovia, Section III, Subsection E, especially
with the Algerian species No. XIII.

29. Pericoma incekta, Etn.

P. incerta, ante, 2nd ser., vol. iv, 128, step 3«, and vol. v, pi. iii,
P. 29 (detail).

Pobrachial bifurcation very little interior to the shortest line drawn from the
axil of the radial fork to the end of the axillar nervure. The broken light haired or

1897.] 119

tow-coloured band from the radius to tlie postical nervure.and the like-coloured tuft
before the end of the axillar iiervure, mark the endings of ranks of the bristling
hair, which, as in P. cahiginosa (28), is distinctly parted from the exterior smoother
hair ; the hairs immediately exterior to the parting lie hardly so close together as in
that species, and hence produce a less distinctly defined, dark, transverse band ; the
small patch of the lighter colour at the base of the wing, extending outwards to
about the fold of deflection, and to the end of the basal cells, matches with the long
dorsal hair of the abdomen, includes the fringes of the alulae and the fringe of the
costal radicle or callus, while, beyond the fold, the costal fringe remains dark ; the
broad, dark haired interval between this patch and the light haired band is backed
by scales on the under-side in the male, but by flattened hairs in the female.
Indumentum of the head, palpi, scapes of the antennae, and the bases of the long
hairs surrounding, on the anterior portion of the notum, a rounded patch of elongate,
appressed, glossy white scales, blackish or rich sooty-brown in the male ; the re-
maining pubescence of the notum from many standpoints is of a light colour,
slightly browner than that of the dorsum in this sex ; but in the other sex all
matches in colour with the dorsal pubescence from the vertex of the head to the
metanotum. Hair of the flagellum of the antenna warm sepia-brown. Ventral
pubescence and indumentum of the legs sooty-brown or brownish-black ; the legs
■without lighter markings, but the tibial and tarsal fringes glossed from some stand-
points with tow colour.

Beneath the wings in the $ , for some distance from the wing-roots, all of the
nervures ai-e clad with linear-obovate or linear scales, and some are distributed along
the inner edge of the fringes at the commencement of both of the margins ; long,
acuminate, flattened hairs succeed the scales, and then follows hair of ordinary
texture, commencing nearly beneath the inner border of the light haired band. In
the ? the scales are more restricted in their outward range. Season, May, June,
and August.

30. Pericoma betisenua, Etn.
P. revisenda, ante, 2nd ser., vol. iv, 129, and vol. v, pi. iii, P. 30
(detail).

Pobrachial bifurcation distinctly interior to the shortest line drawn from the
axil of the radial fork to the end of the axillar nervure. General hue of the wings
Tarying, with change of illumination, from light greyish-brown to fawn colour;
costal fringe dense, and from some positions browner beyond the fold of deflection
than the disc, while the fringe of the costal root or callus becomes blackish towards
the roots of the hairs, the disc appearing so thinly hairy as to present the aspect of
an iridescent wing, with brown fringes and blackish markings, blue predominating in
the iridescence ; from other standpoints, the fringes partly or entirely match in
colour with the disc, or the bristling hair can be made to match with the lighter
hair of the thorax ; the parting between the bristling hair and the smoother hair is
less manifest than in P. caliginosa (28), and the pair of blackish spots at the parting
lie in the smoother hair. From certain positions the wing-margin is defined by a
thin dark line, set off by a light gloss on the short hairs at the base of the posterior
fringe. Pubescence of the head and thorax light fawn colour, or whitey-brownish-
grey ; that of the abdomen readily assumes the same tint, although changing as

lO(-) [May, 1S97.

readily in most pai-ts to blackish-grey when shifted about. The legs are of the same
light or dark colour throughout, the hue depending upon the age of the specimen ;
the gloss on the tarsus at the best is dull.

Beneatli, at the base of the wing in both sexes, scales are limited in their dis-
tribution almost absolutely to parts interior to the fold of deflection, the exceptions
being a few very narrow linear scales at the very commencement of the posterior
margin, and some on the nerve-roots bordering the anterior basal cell. Season,
September ; an earlier brood has not yet been observed.

This species, as stated previously, might easily be mistaken for a
small form of P. soleata (21) ; but the difference in the texture of
the pair of dark spots— smooth-haired in No. 30, ruffled-up in No. 21
— facilitates their distinction.

Sectiox Y of Pericoma ; British species, Nos. 31 and 32.

Kefer ante, 2ud ser., vol. iv, 32, step 5, and vol. v, pi. iv, P. 31
(details).

Affinities, according to the place of confluence of the radius and
cubitus, and to the distribution of bristling hair on the wing, nearest
witii Pericoma, IV, B t, f^s previously stated in the Affinities paragraph
under that head. In the matter of the prothoracic air-nipples, per-
sistent in the male fly, and in the character of the indumentum
beneath the wings in this sex, the present Section has something in
common with Pericoma, III, B. The shortness and equality in length
of the basal cells are marked features, in which it is approached by
Psychocla, I. The form of wing no doubt had most to do with the
position assigned to these species by Haliday and Van der Wulp or
Schiner, who rank them between Pericoma, I, and JJlomyia.

In the Synopsis, loc. cit., the number of joints in the antenna^ is
mis-stated ; and before the synonymy of the species mention ought to
have been made of the persistent prothoracic air-nipples of the male
fly, which are claviform and clad with appressed scales. Antennae in
J 10-jointed ; the scape squamate w^ith elongate scales (black in
these species), and the flagellum furnished with whitish-grey or very
light sepia-grey or fawn coloured hair, the colour changing with the
pose; 1st joint obovoid-oblong, not quite one and half the length of
the 2nd, which is snbglobular ; 3rd joint hardly shorter than the 1st,
and very little longer than the ith, ovate, tapering to a short, stout
beak ; after the Srd joint the remainder diminish very gradually in
stoutness without much difference in length, and by a gradual length-
ening of the beak become fusiform-ovate ; the beaks nowhere exceed
three-eighths of a joint in length, and after the 12th joint gradually
shorten ; hair arranged in pluri-seriate verticils, that leave the tapering

June, 1897.] 121

base and beak of each joint glabrous ; the verticils at first cupuliforui,
but increasing and afterwards diminishing in amplitude jjari passu
with the length of the beaks, and, therefore, widest and shallowest
from the 8th to the 12th joints. Articular appendages of the flagel-
lum present in the form of concave digitate fascicles of capillary
filaments, difficult to distinguish from an interior verticil of soft
capillary scales, unless the hair be partly removed.

Bristling hair of the wing wholly interior to the shortest line
drawn from the end of the subcosta to the end of the anal nervure ;
wanting on the subcosta, proebrachial and anal nervures in both sexes,
and in the ,^ of one species wanting also on the axillar, but when
present on this last nervure extended farther in the ? than in the (J ;
its endings from the anterior radius to the postical nervure lie in an
obtuse salient curve or angulate line with one another, having the
angle or the summit of the curve on the cubitus.

Whenever generical dismemberment of the current genera Peri-
coma and Psychoda comes to be executed, it would seem from their
bibliography that Pericoma should be restricted to species of the
present Section, and Psj/choda to species syntypical with Ps.
phalcenoides, L. A rather different employment of these names was
proposed by Mr. N. Banks, in " The Canadian Entomologist," xxvi,
329 (1894), and Westwood previously, in his " Introduction to the
Modern Classification of Insects," cited in the General Synopsis quite
a different insect as the t3^pe of Psijclwda ; but the disposal of these
names seems to be governed by the publications of Curtis and Haliday.*

* Curtis, in British Entoroology, xvi, 745 (1839), to illustrate the genus Psychoda of older
authors, which was co-extensive with Psychodidce, published a whole figure with details of Ps.
sexpunctata. Curt., and some details of one or possibly two other larger species of the Family,
notably T, thorax and head in lateral profile (omitting parts of appendages) of Ps. awiculata,
Hal., MS., exhibiting a pair of persistent prothoracic air-nipples, and fig. 9, a wing of (one would
suppose) the same species. In the accompanying text Ps. sexpunctata is desci-ibed, and on the
next page follows an abstract synopsis of the British species of Ps7/cho(la by Haliday, in which
are scheduled four genera, lettered A to D, and ten species numbered consecutively, irrespective
of the genera. Of these, A, fiaccopteryx (= Ulnmyia.J is an offset of the ancient Psychoda ; B is
the residuum of Psychoda ; C, Trichomyia, and D, Sycorax, are new forms. The list of species
under B, P.tychoda is headed by 2, anriculata, Hal., MS. ; and among the remainder, 3, ocellaris,
Lat., Meig , 6, nubila, Meig., 6, sexpunctata, Curt., and 8, phalanoides, L., D.G. (with 8b"3 nervosa^
Schr. , the last), may be cited to show the plan of classification.

Haliday subsequently, in Walker's Insecta Britannica, Diptera, vol. iii (1856), established two
genera in place of the B, Psychoda, of 1839, and making them precede Ulomyia, re-adju.sted the
sequence of the species accordingly ; the plates are by Westwood. The first genus, Psychodw
'restricted), comprised two .species, viz.: Ps. phalcenoides, h., and sexpunctata, Curt., mention
being made of a third, humeralis, Meigen ; the second, Pertcoma, Hal., MS., eleven species, com-
mencing with acute-winged and ending with broad and obtuse-winged species, some of those
with acute wings being ranked here with hesitation (instead of in P.tychoda), pending fuller
investigation. It will sufiice to cite in this place (2) P. soleata, Hal., MS., p. 257; (4) ocellaris,
Meig., and (5) canescens (=notabilis, Etn.), p. 258 ; [S) palastTis, Meig. iquotiug as synonymous
auricv.lata [Hal., MS.], Curt., B. E., 74.5), p. 259; (9) nubila, Meig. : (10) fusca, Macq., and (11)
calceata, Meig., p. 260. The sjmonymy attributed to the species of Pericoma, concerned in Curtis's
figures is misleading ; auriculata, Hal. , MS. , could not have been the palustris of Walker's volurne,
because this .species has no prothoracic air-nipples in the adult ; nor can the wing in question
belong to the P. canescens fnotabilis. Etn.) of the same work, as is alleged at p. 254, being quite
of a different foim to the wing of that species. It concerns, in fact, a species of the present 5th.
Section of Pericoma, and there is no reason why 't;>oth the figure of the wing and that of the head
and thorax might not have been drawn from one and the same individual fly. The main point,
however, is that at p. 254 reference is made to Curtis's dissections of a Pericmaa in B, E., 745,

L

122 [June,

31. Pericoma fusca, Macquart.

^.—Psijchodafusca, Macq., Ins. Dipt. Nord France [110 (1824)],
or 167 (1S2G) ; id., Hist. Nat. Ins. Dipt. {Suites a Buff on), i, 164
(1834).— P6-. + tristis, Z^tt., Dipt. Scand., xii, 4887 (1855), [«ec* Meig.].
— Pericoma + tristis, Schiner, Fn. Aust. Dipt., ii, 634 (1864), \nec*
V. d. Wulp]. — P. fusca, ! Etn., ante, 2nd ser , vol. iv, 32, step 5, and
vol. V, pi. iv, P. 31 ( J «fc ? , details).

? .—Psychoda calceata, Meig., Sjst. Eeschr., vi, 272 (1830) ; Zet.,
Dipt. Scand., ix, 3706 (1850). — Pericoma calceata, Walli., Ins. Brit.
Dipt., iii, 260 (1856) ; Schiner, Fn. Aust. Dipt., ii, 634 (1864) ; V. d.
Wulp, Dipt. Neerl, i, 318 (1877).

(? . Base of wing, interior to the parting of the bristling hair from the smoother
hair, darkened by the indumentum of the under-side, and so contrasted with the
further portion in depth of tint, mucli as if the hair had been tliiiined out with a
squeeze. The dark spots contiguous with the parting contrast in this sex only very
faintly with the other bristling liair, yet form an abbreviated broken transverse
band, narrowed posteriorly and touching the axil of the radial fork, but well beyond
that of the pobrachial nervure. Axillar nervure in tliis sex without bristling hair,
tabescent and slightly undulate, with the rising arch exterior to the hollow : anal
nervure arched a little more strongly from the cross vein to the margin and gently
sinuate across the curvature ; both nervures clad with long, prostrate, tristichous
hair, the middle rank overlying the nervure, shorter than the others that are spread
outwards from it and applied to the membrane. Subcosta for some distance beside
the stem of the radius, in high relief, a narrow fold in the membi-ane intervening
between them, as usual. Fringe of the alula dense and remarkably long (the
longest hairs would reach from the radial bifurcation to the end of the axillar
nervure), constituting a well-furnished fascicle or tuft of brown hair, which appears
to be laid along the axillar area (the fringe of the margin thereabouts being deflected)
and is a little longer than that area. Hair of the humeral tuft and commencement
of the costal fringe, long, very dense, and spreading.

At the base of the wing, beneath the region of bristling hair, all the nervures
are squaniate : from the i-adius to the postical nervure the scales are of moderate
length, linear, at first subobtuse, then acuminate, distichous, divergent, and partly
subsecvuid, partly appressed to the membrane ; farther out the scales are succeeded
for a short space by flattened hair and this by ordinary hair likewise distichous.
On about the first half of the subcosta the scales are of similar form, but very dense,

.ind that the wing there figured is stated to be that of a Pericoma ; while to illustrate the two
genera here under consideration, Westwood, in pi. xxvi, figures certain details of Psychoda
tex2^iinctalo, Curt., and the head and thorax "of a Pericoma ;after Curtis;."

In Walker's cabinet, under the label Psychoda paluxlris, are three rows of four specimens
each, composed altogether of six specimens of U lamina fulipinoKa, four of Pericoma nubila, aTid
two of P. iiolabilis—i\ 6 at the beginning and a 5 at the end of the lowest row. So perhaps the
citation of auriridaia under (8) paLtistris in his book may have been Walker's doing, on the sup-
position that the 6 n'ltabilis, because of the air-nipples, must have been Haliday's insect,
regardless of the form of the wing, and without troubling to compare the specimen before him
with the description of palustris.

* Ps. Iriftis, Jleigen, Syst. Beschr., vi, 272 (]830'i, measuring only 1 lin., is likely to have been
one of the minor species closely resembling P. snleata t21). P. t trittis, V. d. Wulp, Dipt. Neerl.,
i, .319, on accoiuit of the position of the central cross vein and the length of the basal cell, is
scheduled, loe. cit., with P. nubila (6).

1897.1

123

closely imbricate and appressed ; tlien lying gradually looser tlicy presently became
distichous and acuminate : on the mediastinal nervure the scales are distichous,
more slender and longer; and along the opposite part of the costa interior to the
fringe are some rather shorter slender scales lying obliquely. Anal nervure as it
were beautifully plumose, being beset near the base with extremely long, compressed,
capillary scales succeeded gradually by very long, silky hairs, arranged (both scales
and hairs) in two divergent crowded ranks : the anterior rank slanting forwards ;
the posterior, longer and denser, pendant and in length subequal to the neighbouring
portion of the marginal fringe. Axillar nervure also with distichous scales and hair
much shorter than those last mentioned or the fringe ; the scales acicular, and the
hair very fine and silky.

Fringes or beard of the hinder pairs of legs dense long and shaggy on the
tibia, and dwindling on the 2nd tarsal joint to nothing : on tiie sole, the gloss at
the tip can be made to extend to the 4th joint. In the fore leg, the coxa in front
and the femur beneath are densely bearded with long acicular or linear scales.

$ . The dark blotch upon the radial branches does not extend inwards to the
bifurcation. Axillar nervure of normal strength, slightly sinuate, clad in its basal
half with bristling hair. Fringe of the alula in no way remarkable. Beneath at the
wing-roots are some acuminate scales, restricted almost entirely to parts interior to
the fold of deflection, and succeeded almost immediately beyond this by flattened
hairs of ordinary character and arrangement.

The contrast between the white gloss of the last four tarsal joints in tlie $ and
the sombre tint of the three penultimate joints in the ^ , caused all previous authors
to reckon the sexes distinct species : but Zetterstedt possibly overlooked it in
specimens lie caught in cop. The accompanying differences in the contour and
under-clothing of their wings are also very remarkable.

After discovering the confusion of species of this Section,
mentioned ante, 2nd ser., vol. vi, 209 (Sept., 1895), much difBculty was
experienced in adjudicating finally upon their respective synonymy,
and in the meanwhile one working-hypothesis after another had to be
reluctantly abandoned. For a short time the possibility of reviving
Meigen's name calceata for one of them was entertained : hence the
superseded nomenclature issued in Mr. Richardson's note, supra, p. 65
(March, 1896). But a few days later, opportunity was taken to
examine Mr. Dale's collection in order to see whether any specimens
were still extant likely to be those referred to by Haliday under this
name in Walker's work, his reference governing its application. Both
of the species occur at Glanvilles Wootton, and both were intermixed
under one label in the cabinet ; but the only specimens among them
mounted on old fashioned pins of ancient date were a male and a
female of the present species. At the same time on comparison of
Curtis's figure of the wing with actual specimens, it was recognised as
a representation of the wing of a male of the next species : hence

L 2

]^24 (June,

the s^^nonymy now promulgated. Among the specimens referred to
in the volume for 1S95, p. 209*, those labelled Seaton, or Penselwood
Common, belong here.

32. Pericoma auriculata, Hal. MS.

Psychoda auriculata (ITal. MS.) Curt. Brit. Ent., xvi, 745, fig. 9
(wing), and probably fig. T. (1889), [undescribed].

Pericoma Xfmcn, Walk., Ins. Brit. Dipt., iii, 2(50 (1S5G) ; ? V. d.
Wulp, Dipt. Neerl., i, 31S (1877).

$ . Base ot" wing, interior to the parting of the bristling from the smoother hair,
subequal in depth of tint to the region beyond : a broad band of dark hair, faintly
defined, extends along the parting from the anterior radius to the postical nervure,
without quite touching tlie axils of the forks, and except at its commencement
(where it is narrowed a little) maintains a tolerably even width. Anul and axillar
nervures from certain standpoints rendered more noticeable than the other veins
through a difference in their under-clothing ; the former rather more prominently
arched than the latter and inclined slightly backwards ; the axillar above, clad in its
basal half with bristling hair. Fringe of the alula in no way extraordinary ; the
longest hairs would not reach beyond the limit of the bristling hair on the last
nervure : marginal fringe of the concave axillar area more or less obliquely deflexed ;
the margin in this part scale-clad below the fringe, with the scales for a short distance
at its commencement imbricate and subappressed to the border, but soon divergent
in two ranks, — one rank lining or mingling with the hair of the fringe and composed
of acicular scales hardly half the length of the hairs ; the other rank, of shorter,
very narrow linear scales, obliquely appressed to the membrane. Axillar and anal
nervures, beneath, also squammate througliout ; the scales for the most part linear,
disticlious, obliquely divergent and secund, or reclinate upon the membrane, but
becoming freer and acuminate towards the end of the anal, and finally hair-like.
Anteriorly the scales are acuminate from the commencement, and gradually become
more and more restricted in extent, giving place to flattened hair, succeeded by
ordinary hair much sooner than in P. fusca ; hence the wing of the <? in P.
auriculata has a more feminine aspect than the wing of the other male, although
lacking the dark spots of the female. Fringe of the costal callus, or humeral tuft,
in well-preserved specimens, densely fasciculate and relatively very long, extending
to subopposite the radial bifurcation, along and partly behind the fringe of the
costa, in a way that makes this seem to be doubled back or somewhat revolute at its
commencement. Gloss on the tarsus limited to the extreme apex of the terminal
joint. In other respects very similar to P. fusca, and in general colouring quite as
dark as the female of that species.

? . Just like the female of P. fusca (31) : identifiable by association with (he
male.

Ilaliday's description (ef. P. X fusca, Walker, op. cif.) applies
better to the present species than to No. 31, because he calls attention

* Walker's iippliciition of the name P. fusca was followed in loc. cit. To make the paragraph
coiifiirm to the synonymy here adopted, the parenthesis alhiding to the SjTiopsis should be
trar.sfeired to after " .\Iacquai-t."

1897.] 125

to the clothing of the anal and axillar nervure^t, and P. auriculata ,^
is the one in which this is most noticeable in comparison with that of
the other nervures. He uses, it is true, the terms "deep black
hairs ; " but the scales might readily enough be designated hairs by
any one using a weak lense. A "hoary" gloss is apt to appear on
the humeral tuft when the specimen is shifted about. The specimens
that were formerly distributed under the synonym % fii'^f^'^^ can be
readily identified by the localities Exwick or Stoney Stoke inscribed on
the circular pin-labels in the donor's handwriting.

Walker in his Noies on the. Wing-hones of the Two-tvinged Flies,
" The Entomologist," vii, 127, fig. 22 {Psychoda '^Pericoma]), published
in 1874, gives a kind of synthetical-type figure of a wing. Taking
for its outline the wing of possibly Ps. phalcenoides, L., he seems to
have devised a parody on the neuration of P. ocellaris, Lat., for the
interior details. The anal nervure is a secondary vein, connected at its
inner extremity with the axillar and linked to the postical nervure
some distance out ; while this last in its turn is linked at its inner end
to the pobrachial nervure alone. Hence the posterior basal cell has
a wide, oblong, truncate cusp. At the inner end of the prsebrachial
nervure, the cross veinlets diverge from each other at an acute V-like
angle. The mediastinal vein is produced beyond the cross veinlet,
almost to the costa, and the part beyond the veinlet is at least twice,
if not more than twice, the length of the nearer portion.

(To he continued). 15 1 \'i ^^" "

i^^i

FUETHER NOTES ON THE BEITISH SPECIES OF THE GENUS

SOLENOBIA.

BY C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S.

My remarks upon species of this genus, as represented in these islands, in 1895
(Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxxi, p. 163), procured me valuable help from several friends,
for which I am very grateful.

Mr. J. W. Sidebotham, M.P., brought, in the first place, the specimens which,
in his late father's collection, represent the species known here as S. triquetrella.
These (also referred to by Dr. Chapman, aw^e, p. 79) are, unfortunately, only females,
but with them are the cases in which they had lived, with the pupa skins still pro-
truding from them, as is the curious habit of the Jemales in certain species of the
present genus. In the absence of any male specimens, it is difficult to determine
their species.

Afterwards, Mr. Sidebotham most kindly brought the long series from his
father's collection which represent <S. inconspicuella, and that representing a possibly

126 f^-^""^'

new species, at the same time remarking tliat althou^li he had given tliem a careful
examination, he had failed to find any specific distinction. Of these series, one
consists of 18 males, 5 females, and some cases, the other of 22 males, 11 females,
and some cases. The first series is labelled, " Millstone grit stones. Brushes, near
Manchester ;" the second, " J«con«/>Jci<ei/a, tree boles at Prestwich Wood." Here,
then, precisely, are the two forms referred to by Edleston (Intelligencer, vol. v,
p. 146) : " Herewith I send for your examination six bred male specimens of -S'.
inconspicuella, and a card with females and cuaes, also seven males of my triquetre/la
(partly bred), and three females and cases. The cases of inconspicuella are found
here on beech trees in Prestwich Wood, and the moths appear early in April, and
are most sluggish creatures. The cases of triquetrella are found on large millstone
grit stones on the moors (occasionally on stone walls) ; in order to get them it is
necessary to turn over these big stones (not a very easy job), as these little rascals
prefer the side nearest the ground. These insects appear in the perfect state from
May 1st to 20th, and are vertf active on the wing ; and what is very singular in this
genus, one rarely gets a female. The female chrysalis is seen projecting from the
case, the insect is missing ; what females I possess are chiefly bred ; the anal aper-
ture in the female is considerably less woolly than in inconspicuella."

As Mr. Edleston'e collection ultimately passed, I believe, into the possession of
Mr. Joseph Sidcbotham, there can be, I think, little or no doubt that the specimens
now before me are actually those with reference to which the above remarks were
penned, and their appearance amply confirms the (editorial) remarks of Mr. Stainton
at the end of the article of which I have quoted a portion : " On a close scrutiny of
the insects sent, and a comparison of Bruand's work, we have come to the conclusion
that the triquetrella of that author is in point of fact our Inconspicuella — the tri-
quetrella of the Grerman authors being a larger, darker, insect — -and we cannot
ourselves distinguish the triquetrella of Mr. Edleston from his inconspicuella,
individual specimens of the former differing more from one another than they do
from inconsp icuell a ." This last statement is emphatically true. There are two or
three specimens in one of the series in which the purplish-grey colouring of the
nervures and reticulations is so spread over the fore-wing that the pale spaces are
obscured, in one of them quite lost, whereas no such difference exists in the colour
or markings of the two series. One important point, touched upon by Edleston,
seems to have been ignored by Bruand, and even by Stainton, since nothing is said
of it in the " Manual," nor in the " Insecta Britannica, Lepidoptera, Tineina." This
is the woolly patch near the termination of the abdomen in the female. This woolly
tufting, as will be recollected, is found in the females of the genus Fumea, as a ring
at the extremity, and gives them a very curious appearance. In the two series under
notice a great uniformity exists in the appearance of a woolly or downy patch — not
round the anal segment — but on its under-side, and that of the penultimate segment,
and as this patch is of a pure satiny-white, it is readily observed under a lens, and
is, in fact, so conspicuous that I cannot understand Edleston's statement that in one
series this is considerably less woolly than in the other ! To me they appear iden-
tical. The same patch is visible in my own series of ? inconspicuella ; and so far as
the evidence at present goes, I think that Mr. Sidebotham is justified in the opinion
that all the specimens of these two series belong to one species — our inconspicuella.
In all these females the ovipositor is much protruded, the third telescopic joint being

1897.] 127

in many of them visible. In this respect, among others, the three females labelled
triquetrella differ altogether. They are broader in shape, and the anal segment is
finished off by a broad triangular blackish plate, beyond which in neither instance is
the ovipositor visible ; moreover, there is apparently no such broad white downy patch
on the under-side of the abdomen, as in inconspicuella, and only a ftiint indication
in one of them of a ring of downy scales ; the head and attendant plate in these
are shining brown, and except that they are a shade larger, they agree in other
respects, as Dr. Chapman has pointed out, with $ inconspicuella. But when the
card upon which these three ? specimens are gummed was turned up, there appeared
upon its under-side this (quite unexpected) inscription, " Pentland Hills, ? ," and
upon examining the card upon which the accompanying cases are gummed, the same
inscription appeared, with the further information, " by Logan." All which shows,
or appears to show, that instead of the supposed triquetrella having occurred near
Manchester, they had, so far as these specimens were concerned, been obtained by
Mr. E. Logan, of Duddingstone, Edinburgh, on the Pentland Hills ! This was a
surprise — and a hint. I wrote at once to Mr. Wm. Evans, of Edinburgh, to whom
I am indebted for much of what I know of the Micro- Lepidoptera of the Forth
district, and begged him to turn his energies in this direction. Promptly and
repeatedly he searched rocky places and walls on the Pentlands until he found cases,
though but in small numbers, which he sent to me, accompanied by lichen and moss
scraped off the stone surface where they were found. I did what I could for them,
provided them with such fresh powdery lichen as could be obtained, kept the old
food as fresh as I could, even (knowing the tastes of some of their allies) put in dead
insects to tempt them to feed, but without success. One pupa protruded itself from
its case, but the moth would not, or could not, emerge, and so far the result in this
direction is failure. But I do not think that my friend will allow himself to be
beaten in one season.

In the meantime Mr. A. H. Hamm, after much searching, had come upon a
colony of cases, evidently of this genus, in the Reading district. He says : " The
cases were found at the end of March, usually by searching at the foot of fences, but
a few upon pieces of dead wood, and even stones. Some of the larvse were fairly
lively, walking about my box, but the majority were evidently in pupa. The ? s
commenced to emerge in the first week in April, and continued to appear until about
the last week in that month. None came out in May. They commenced to deposit
eggs almost directly they emerged, and I considered the eggs large for so small an
insect. All duly hatched, the young larvse constructing a case almost immediately,
but I failed to induce them to feed." From the cases which he sent me also none
but females emerged (and ichneumons, of course), not one male. Some degree of
pleasurable excitement was caused in May by the appearance of a winged moth from
among these cases, but it proved to be only a female Xysmatodoma melanella, of
which the case is quite sufficiently like that of a Solenohia to be readily overlooked.

With reference to the females last mentioned. Dr. Chapman writes me : " Mr.
Hamm has sent me specimens of a Solenohia of which he has only reared females,
which, however, he tells me were freely fertile. The case is of a form very distinct
from that of S. inconspicuella and (?) triquetrella. The pupa shell is distinctly
smaller than theirs, and the colour is less ruddy, but I can find no definite structural
difference. The $ has two more joints to the antennae than they have ; the tarsal

128 [June-

joints are the same. The seventeen joints of tlie flagellum of the antenna are all
clear and distinct. In the inconspicuella group (or species) the first three joints
are not unfrequently, to all appearance, beginning to coalesce. In some specimens
there are apparently no joints, but only depressions where the joints should be, and
similarly the two penultimate joints seem to be uniting. The total length is not
diminished, the articulation seems to be present, but anchylosed. Though the
specimens are preserved ones, I think that these observations are correct, as similar
appearances are not present in the other articulations. A case and pupa-case,
apparently identical with those, has been sent me by Dr. Freer, from Rugeley."

In general appearance, these females differ from all the preceding, since in them
the head, plate, and abdominal triangular shield are shiny black or brown-black, and
the whole surface darker ; in most of them the ovipositor also is black, and more or
less protruded, but not to the length of those of inconspicuella ; the broad patch of
white satiny scales is absent, but there is in some of them a narrow band of similar
scales round the anal extremity. The cases are coal-black. I do not think that
Mr. Haniin, either, will be satisfied without a further attempt to discover the male of
this species. Probably the most likely method would be to look for them on the
wing, but to reach a place several miles from home in time for such early risers as
these is not always easy. Lord Walsingham tells me that, when recently in Corsica,
the only time at which the species occurring there were to be found on the wing was
at, and soon after, sunrise. So soon as the sun began to get hot they disappeared.
Here the sun is not hot so early, and it will be remembered that Messrs. Bradley
and Martineau took S. Wockii at 8 and 9 o'clock a.m.

My record during 1896 is of very little but failure, and I only note the
results as a basis for future work, and a record of what has been attempted. That
there is much jet to be accomplished is only too plain. Eeferring back again to the
late Mr. Edleston's remarks in our old Intelligencer, I observe that he says : "These
Solenobice arc a very difficult group ; it is impossible to know much about them
without a deal of attention to their habits. Those from the cases found on granite
rocks in North Wales may some time or other be bred. Another species occurs in
extraordinary numbers on an old limestone wall between Conway and Llandudno ;
it is like none that I know of ; I bred an apterous female out of a lot of three cases
which I thought were not going to produce anything, and it was of a yellowish
colour, and exceedingly active on its legs. Again, on some fir trees in the centre of
a large wood at Rudheath, Chesiiire, I met with some twenty cases from which I
bred a single female. Then there are cases on beech trees, which I find at Dunham
Park ; for years these only produced females ; these larvje take two years to arrive
at perfection." Adding to these the form which used to be found (and possibly
exists still) in profusion on field fences near Brandon, and which produced females
in plenty, but no males, we have a fair indication of work yet to be done in clearing
up the question as to whether all these apterous females belong to one species (which
hitherto we have, from faith rather than knowledge, called lichenella), or whether,
as now seems probable, there is a series of such species.

I nmst not omit to notice one gleam of light in all this obscurity. In the
collection of the late Mr. H. Doubleday, at Bethnal Green, there are, under the head
of triquetrella, two male specimens, as well as females and eases. Unfortunately,
as in the rest of the collection, these are not labelled, nor is there any indication in
a catalogue, or elsewhere, of their origin.

imtr.j _ 229

These two males are six-tentlis of an incli in expanse of wings — that is to say,
about one-tenth broader than those of S. inconspicueUa — a sufficiently noticeable
difference in siie in these minute creatures ; and their fore-wings are a little broader,
especially behind, so as to produce a fuller anal angle ; colour whitish, with the
nervures pale brown, and between them fainter regular cross-lines, which give it a
delicately chequered appearance ; very pretty, and devoid of the dusky clouding
which sometimes obscures the reticulations in S'. inconspicueUa ; hind-wings semi-
transparent, whitish, with brownish nervures, but no cross reticulations ; the
nervures are furnished with rather long divergent scales ; cilia rather darker at the
apex ; antennae notched, brown ; head and thorax rough from raised scales ; female
with well formed legs and antennae, a glossy dorsal shield, and a very pure white
anal tuft, beyond which the ovipositor sheath is short and broadly wedge-shaped.
The cases are very black.

When I first saw these I thought it probable that this species was identical
with Mr. Sidebotham's triquetrella, and that Mr.' Doubleday had received male
specimens from Mr. Logan, or else cases from which he had reared them ; but this
conclusion would appear to be unsound in view of a notice (forwarded to me by
Mr. Evans) by Mr. Logan in the "Naturalist," 1852, p. 231, of finding " on May
13th, 1851, on the wall of a sheep-fold on the Pentlands considerable numbers of
tlie cases of one of those singular insects called by the Germans ' Sack-tragers,'
the enclosed insects being still in the pupa state, but quite ready to burst their
envelope, as all emerged in the course of a few days after, and were without a
single exception females." " Without both sexes it is difficult to determine the
species, but it would appear to be closely allied to the continental Taleporia
lichenella." This, J fear, deprives us of all indication of the origin of Mr. Double-
day's specimens, and leaves this larger Solenobia to be re-discovered.

39, Linden Grove, Nunhead :
December, 1896.

P.S. — I append some notes on these specimens with which I have been favoured
by Lord Walsingham : —

[We have examined your SolenobicB with great care. Those from the millstone
grit are decidedly the same as those from Prestwich Wood, and we cannot separate
them from the true inconspicueUa.

The three supposed triquetreUa, ? , appear to us to agree with a species sent
to me by Rebel as inconspicueUa. The case is identical, and the ? has the same
olive shade. They are not inconspicueUa, and they are not triquetreUa, but are
probably NickerUi, Hein., which he rightly differentiates from WocJcii, as well as
from inconspicueUa. The case of triquetreUa is less triangular, and apparently
always roughened at the end in the ? , and more or less all over in the $ . Mr.
Hamm's Reading species appears to be quite distinct. The ? is blacker than that
of pineti, although the cases are very similar. The cases ci)llected by Mr. Evans
at Pentland appear to be of the same species as those from Reading, but are
decidedly distinct from those collected by Logan, also from the Pentlands. Little
or nothing more can be done until males are bred of those species still unidentified.

— WALSI.\GHA^f.]

130 [June,

THAUMATOXEURA I NO PIN ATA, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES
OF CALOPTERYQINM.

BY ROBERT McLACHLAM, F.R.S., &c.

At the recent sale of the collections formed by the late Mr.
Reginald Chohnondeley, of Condover Hall, Shrewsbury, I obtained
the few Odonafa, solely on account of a large Calopterygine, which
was evidently something unknown, but the remarkable nature of which
1 did not fully realize until after it came into my possession.

The former owner of the collection valued insects, and other
natural productions, solely for their beauty or forms, and cared little
for names, and nothing for localities, so I am unable to say whence
this specimen came ; but as the pin (or rather skewer!) was similar to
those used for some other insects in the same collection which were
Chinese or Japanese in origin, 1 hazard a conjecture that it may
belong to the same region.

THAUMATONEUEA, n. g.

Head* broad ; eyes large, globose, very prominent. Thorax robust. Legs
moderate (only the anterior present). Abdomen slender, cylindrical (the apical
portion absent). Wings elongate, broad, ohtase, petiolated at the base to beyond the
1st nervule in the lower basal area ; afterwards the inner margin is gradually
rounded to before the middle (more so in the posterior), and then slightly sinuate
to before the apex. Nodus placed near the base, at about one-fifth of the length of
the wing. Pterostigma large, dilated beneath, its inner edge very oblique, so that the
lower edge is much longer than the upper. Only three to five ante-nodal nervules, of
which only the first two are continued below the subcosta. Post-nodals very numerous.
Post-stigmatical area densely reticulated. Upper basal area empty, the lower unth
two nervules. Quadrilateral regular, oblong, empty, slightly more than half the
length of the upper basal area. Arculus angulated, its sectors separated at the base,
the lower arising from about its middle, the upper slightly above. Nodal sector
arising at about the middle of the length of the wing ; sub-nodal at about the nodal
point ; the median befoi-e the nodus. Post-costal area very broad, much dilated
before its extremity, owing to the arching of the second sector of the triangle, with
many branches. Reticulation dense, especially on the inner margin ; two to four
long supplementary sectors interposed between each sector ; all the sectors (including
the supplementary and the branches in the post-costal area) strongly curved at their
ends.

The insect on which this genus is founded has the aspect of a
gigantic EupJicea, of the broad-winged group. There can be little
doubt that it belongs to the Legion AmpJiipteryx of De Selys, and is
perhaps most nearly allied to the genus AmpJiipteryx ; but it differs

The bead has been detached, but apparently belongs to the insect.

18<t .] 131

from it (and its allies), and from any other known genus of recent
OalopterygincB, in the position of the nodus, in which it shows a distinct
analogy with the Agrionince. The form of the pterostigma is as in
Amphipteri/x and Devadatta {Tetraneura, Selys). The number of
ante-nodals is practically as in the Agrionince, because the last two or
three are finer than the others, and do not extend below the subcosta.

Thaumatoneura inopinata, n. sp.

Adult t?. Body deep black. A rounded orange coloured spot on the frontal
orbits. Pronotum narrowly edged with orange at the sides. Thorax (damaged
above) with four equidistant slender yellow lines on each side ; one humeral, two
lateral in the sutures, and one margining and continued round tlie pectoral area.
Legs black (only anterior present), femora dingy yellowish, tibiee with long black
spines. Abdomen bronzy, a fine yellowish, dorsal, longitudinal crest ; the segments
(after the second) with fine and close transverse corrugations.

Wings hyaline, with a very broad, dark brownish-black, opaque band (in which
there are irregular pale points where the pigment has not developed) in all the
wings, occupying the space from the nodus to beyond the middle (or more than one-
third of the entire length in the anterior, and one-half in the posterior) ; internally
the edge of this band is ill-defined, shading off gradually, and causing the otherwise
hyaline basal portion of the wings to be somewhat smoky ; externally it is well-
defined, but irregular in the anterior, where it is excised below the costa, then
roundly dilated, and afterwards somewhat concave ; in the posterior the external
edge is nearly regularly concave, with a slight projection before the middle ; beyond
this band the wings are hyaline. Pterostigma (length, 5t mm.) and reticulation
black. About 70 post-nodals in the anterior-wings.

Length of abdomen (26 mm. to end of 4th segment*). Length of posterior
wing, 48 mm. Greatest breadth of anterior wing, 13 mm., of posterior, 14 mm.

Sab. ? (China or Japan ?).

Lewisham, London :

3Iat/ 15th, 1897.

ON THE OCCURRENCE OF BLENNOCAMPA ATERRIMA, Klug,

AT KEW.

BY DR. A. GIJNTHER, F.R.S., P.L.S., &c.

I first noticed this saw-fly in my garden at Kew in 1892t on a
clump of Solomon's Seal, which I had obtained from a neighbour. No
specimen of the insect had been noticed, then or before, in the original
location of the plant, and there were only a few individuals in the

* From analogy the entire abdomen should be of exceptional length. There is nothing to
indicate that the I'ortion that remains has at any time been detached. This is mentioned
because there were some extraordinary cases of " reparations " in the collection ; for instance,
an example of Sieboldias Albardce, Selys, with the abdomen of JEachna cyanea ; and the curious
Stilbopteryx costaCis ( Myrmeleonidcv) with the head of an JEschna ! !

t Cf. W. F. Kirby, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., xui, p. 528 aSM).

132 [June,

year of its first appearance in my garden. By leaving the plants and
the soil undisturbed the insects increased in numbers in successive
years, so much so that last year I found it advisable to establiali
another colony at a distance from the first by planting a second clum
and transferring some of the larvae on it. In this I have been quite
successful, flies on both clumps emerging this year on the same day,
April 26th, about a week in advance of the usual time of their
appearance ; the males seemed to emerge a day before the females,
and are much more numerous and active. However, even in the
brightest sunshine, they never fly to a greater distance than a couple
of yards from their food-plant. Pairing commenced the day fol-
lowing the first appearance of females. Our ordinary birds, tit-mice,
robins, &c., will not touch this saw-fly, either in its larval or perfect
condition.

If any of the workers at British saw-flies should wish to possess
specimens, I will supply them with pleasure on receipt of a small box,
but I cannot undertake to mount them. Should any one who hai)pens
to grow the food-plant wish to establish a colony, I have no doubt
that I could spare 40 or 50 larvae in about four weeks' time.

2, Lichfield Eoad, Kew Gardens :
April 2dth, 1897.

OCCURRENCE OF APTERYOIDA ARACHIDIS, Yersin (FORFT-
CULID^), AT QUEENBOROUGH, KENT.

BY J. J. WALKER, B.N., F.L.S.

In the " JN'aturalist's Journal" for March, 1897 (British Ortho-
ptera, p. 17, t. 1, fig. 8), Mr. Malcolm Burr records the occurrence
in Britain of the cosmopolitan earwig, Apteri/gida arachidls, on the
strength of five examples taken by me last year in the Queenborough
Chemical Works, and deposited in the National Collection. This
earwig had for some time been familiar to me in my occasional visits
to the works in search of Coleoptera, but, to my shame be it spoken, I
had hitherto taken very little notice of it, beyond securing a few
specimens for identification, which it has remained for Mr. Burr to
effect. On going specially to look for the creature on the 9th inst. I
found it quite plentiful, and in all stages of growth. It was most
readily obtained by turning over the sacks of " greaves," or the fibrous
residuum of meat which had been boiled down for tallow ; and it
appeared to have a decided preference for tliose sacks, the contents of
which had been still further exhausted of their fatty matter at the

1S97.] 133

works by the agency of benzine. When disturbed, the Apterygida
runs off into the nearest dark corner with great speed, and is altogether
more rapid in its movements than its familiar garden relative ; and
A om its rather soft and delicate texture it is by no means easy to
secure without damage.

With it occurred a single very immature but fully grown example
of another species of Forjiculidce, which Mr. Burr thinks may be
Anisolabis annuJijyes, Lucas, recently recorded from Tavistock by Dr.
Harold Swale (Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, vol. v, p. 12i). Most of the
" greaves " I was informed were received from the London tallow
melters to be converted into manure ; but as many tons of bones from
all parts of the world are stored in the same building, there can be no
doubt that Apterygida arachidis is an imported insect, which will pro-
bably be found throughout this country if looked for in similar places.
At any rate, like its Coleopterous companions, Dermestes, Necrohia,
Alphitohlus, Omosita, Carcinops 1^-striata, &c., it finds a congenial
home at Queenborough, and like them also is an insect of almost
world-wide distribution. Mr. Burr (Joe. cit., p. 18) says, "It is a
cosmopolitan species, being first described by Tersin from specimens
taken at Marseilles. It was also found on the ship in the jS^ovara
Expedition (Brunner), and in New Guinea (Dohrn), Mombas, East
Africa (Gerstaecker), and in Mexico, Burmah, Australia, Islands of
Pacific and Indian Oceans, and various ports in Asia, Africa, and
America (de Bormans)." The original specimens appear to have been
taken among ground or pea-nuts (Arachis Tiypogcea). What I believe
from memory to have been the same species used to occur commonly
among our stores in H.M.S. " Penguin," but I regret to say that no
specimens were preserved.

In conclusion, I may add that it will give me much pleasure to
supply specimens of Apterygida arachidis to any entomologist who is
interested in the Forjiculidce.

I am indebted to Mr. Burr for an account of its synonymy, which
is as follows : —

Apteetgida AEACHIDI3, Yersin.

Forficula arachidis, Tersin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (3), viii, p. 509, t. 10, figs. 33—35

(1860) ; Scudd., Ent. Notes, v, p. 51.
Chelidvra arachidis, Brunn., Prodr. Eur. Orth., p. 21.
Sphingolahis arachidis, de Borm., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Orth., p. 12 ; Ann. Mus. Civ.

Genova (2), xiv, p. 406.
Apterygida arachidis. Burr, Brit. Orth., p. 17, t. 1, figs. 8, 8a (Xat. Joum., 1897).
Forficula Wallacei, Dohrn, Stett. Ent. Zeit., xxvi, p. 88 (1865).
Sphingolahis Wallacei, de Borm., Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova (2), vi, p. 448.

1 34 [June,

Forficula {Apterygida) gravidula, Gerst., Arcli. f. Nal., xxxv, p. 221 (1869) ; Glied.-

Fauna Ins. Sans., p. 50, t. 3, fig. 9.
Sphingolahls gravidula, de Borm., Ann. Mus. Civ. Geneva (2), siv, p. 407.

Mr. Burr thus describes it :— Dark castaneous. Antennas with 12—14 joints.
Pronotum square, the lateral margins pale, and the hinder margins straight. Wings
absent. Feet testaceous, the femora sometimes fuscous towards the base. Male
anal segment square, impressed in the middle, with no tubercles ; the branches of
the forceps small, with a tooth inside at the base and another at the apex. Sub-
genital lamida hexagonal. Female anal segment like that of the male ; branches
of forceps short, curved in at the apex. Length of body, $ ? , 8 ram.

Differs from A. albipennis in its darker colour and hairless body, and also in
the position of the tooth on the forceps of the male.

23, Kanelagh Eoad, Sheerness :
April 12ih, 1897.

OCCUERENCE OF EXOMIAS CBAEYPEITHESJ PYRENMUS, Seidl.,

AT PLYMOUTH.

BT G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z S.

This insect, not hitherto recorded from Britain, has been found
occasionally by Mr. J. H. Keys in the Plymouth district since the
year 1888, and it appears to be not at all rare in several places in that
neighbourhood. He has captured specimens of it at Eadford, Lipstone
Park, Bovisand, and Whitsand Bay — at roots of grass, in faggots,
under bark, and also^by beating hawthorn. B. pyrencBus is treated
by Dr. Seidlitz (Die Otiorhynchiden, p. 73 [1868]) as a variety of
B. araneiformis, Schrank (= hrunnipes, Oliv.) ; but it is certainly
a good species, and by no means confined to the Pyrenees, as he
supposed. M. Bedel, who has been kind enough to compare one of
the Plymouth examples with the tv])es of B. pi/renceus, 8eidl., which
are contained in the Brisout collection in Paris, is also of opinion that
it should be regarded as distinct. He informs me that he has taken
it in the Forest of Cerisy, Calvados, Prance. The two species may
be readily separated by the following characters : —

Rostrum in the S strongly, in the ? feebly, dilated at the apex ; prothorax with
very coarse, deep, scattered punctures; elytra convex in the ^ , a little flattened
on the disc in the ? , coarsely seriate-punctate, the punctures not very closely
placed, becoming much finer and sliallowcr towards the apes, and placed in
shallow striae, which are sometimes obsolete, the interstices flat or feebly con-
vex ; body glabrous, or very finely and sparsely pubescent...

araneiformis, Schrank.
{hrunnipes, Oliv.).

Rostrum feebly dilated at the apex in both sexes, and also more parallel ; prothorax
somewhat closely and coarsely punctured, a narrow snioolli space down the

1897.] ] 35

middle excepted ; elytra convex in both sexes, very coarsely and deeply punctate-
striate, the punctures closely placed and the striae deep to the apex, the
interstices more or less convex ; body distinctly pubescent, the elytral inter-
stices each with a regular series of decumbent hairs pyrencBus, Seidl.

lu both species the anterior tibiae are incurved at the apex in the

male, and straight in the female, and also emarginate on the inner

side towards the tip. Dr. Seidiitz describes the rostrum as broader

in B. piirencBiis, but this is due to its more parallel shape. From B.

pelJucidiis, Schonh., apart from the more slender femora in the male,

the present insect may be known by the shorter pubescence, this

character also separating it from the European B. mollicomus, Ahr.,

the latter also having a more curved rostrum. I am indebted to Mr.

Keys for living and dead specimens of B. pyrenceus for examination.

M. Fauvel, too, has sent me an example from Caen ; he says it is to

be found in woods throughout Calvados.

Horsell, Woking :

May 8th, 1897.

THE LEMA ERICRSONI, Sttffr., OF BRITISH COLLECTIONS :
SYNONYMICAL NOTE.

BT G. C. CHAMPION, P. Z S.

The insect standing under this name in British collections should
be referred to L. septenfrionis,W else {= ^richsoni, Thoms.,«ec SufEr.),
it agreeing much better with the description of the latter than with
that of L. Ericlisoni, Suffr. "We have two forms of it : — one, found
as yet only in Ireland, having the thorax pitchy-black ; the other,
found in the south of England, with the thorax metallic-green and the
elytra relatively a little broader.

L. septentrionis is described by Weise (Naturg. Ins. Deutschl., vi,
p. 63) as being " more slender than L. Erichsoni, Suffr., and nearly as
elongate as L. melanopa, L. ; sky-blue, the thorax darker, nearly black,
the head generally greenish. The latter shaped as in L. Erichsoni,
but rather more distantly, strongly, and deeper punctured. The
thorax very similar to that of L. Erichsoni, but distinctly narrower
and deeply constricted before the base, the constriction rather re-
motely impressed with deep punctures of different sizes, but more
finely and evenly punctured at the sides, where the constriction is
more shallow ; the disc scarcely visibly and not closely punctured, very
shining, with large punctures nearly arranged in row^s towards the
anterior angles and in three longitudinal rows on the middle. The
elytra moderately shining, coarsely punctate-striate, the striae deep,
the interstices very narrow, partly touched by the punctures."

13G [June,

The British specimens agree sufficiently well with this descrip-
tion, the only important difference being in the colour of the thorax,
which is evidently variable, as shown by the difference in this respect
between the Irish and English examples. It has been suggested by
Crotch, Fowler and others that the Irish insect is a " concolorous "
form of L. melanopa, Linn. ; but this is certainly not the case, as it
differs from that species in its less elongate shape (this being particu-
larly noticeable when a long series of both sexes is examined), and in
having the thorax distinctly wider behind the constriction, and the
femora less strongly clavate. The Irish examples before me show no
sign of variation ; they are from three sources — from Waterford
(Power), Queenstown {J. J. Walker), and one sent me many years
ago by the late R. llislop, without precise locality.

Of the form with the metallic-green thorax I have seen three
specimens : — one found by Mr. W. H. Beimett near Hastings ; one
found by Mr. Donisthorpe at Eye ; and one, without locality, in Mr.
Waterhouse's collection. There is also a single very old discoloured
example of the same species in the Stephensian collection.

I am indebted to Herr E. Reitter for a specimen of L. JErichsoni,
Suffr., and to Prof. Gr. Thomson for an example of his L. Erichsoni,
for comparison. The latter was re-named L. septenfrio7iis by Weise,
and treated as a distinct species.

L. septentrio7iis is recorded by Weise from Miiggelsee, near Berlin
(whence I have seen two examples), and Southern and Central
Sweden {Tliomson) ; it lives on a species of Nasturtmm. L. Erichsoni,
Suffr., is very widely distributed in Northern and Central Europe,
and also occurs in the Caucasus.

Horsell, Woking :

May nth, 1897.

HINTS ON COLLECTING ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA.

BY EDWARD SAUNDERS, P. L. S.

{Continued from page 84).

As Midsummer approaches the best time for collecting Aculeates
begins ; it lasts till about the middle of August, and July is perhaps
the best month of the whole year. Almost any locality now will
produce something, so long as the sun shines, but localities should be
chosen with care. It is probably a wise rule to consider what ai'e the
special features of the district to be collected over, and to collect as
much as possible with reference to these. For instance, the main
features of the part of Surrey where Woking is situated are its

isnr ] 137

heaths, and undoubtedly the rarities of the district are chiefly to be
found among the Fossorials, &c., which frequent them. When staying
at the seaside I always prefer to keep as much as possible to the
coast; in wooded districts probably the woods will most repay the
collector; in mountainous districts the hills ; and so on. It is also, I
think, a wase rule, especially in hot weather, to choose localities, if
possible, near at hand, if a long walk has to be taken a lot of time is
loi^t, including the best hour, i.e , from 9 to 10. It is well to be on
the collecting ground by 9 at the latest ; personally I prefer to be
there by 8.30, but this is not always easy to manage unless your
ground is quite close at home. As the heat of the day increases the
Tossorials, especially the Pumpilidcs, are much more difficult to catch,
as they become far more vivacious and rapid in their movements. In
the early morning the latter sneak about and only take short jerky
flights, and so are more easily seen and captured, whereas later in the
day they alight on the ground for a second, vibrate their wings, ^nd
are off again before a net can be got near them.

Heath -collecting, in which I include sea side dunes, sandy cliffs,
etc., will not repay the Hymenopterist till tow^ards the end of June in
the south of England, and not till the middle of July further north.
For the sake of simplicity I propose first of all to confine myself to
the heath and sand loving Ants and Fossorials which occur in the
summer, and to treat of the other Fossorials and Antliophila later on.
About Midsummer many of the ants swarm, and it is wise to visit any
nests which may have been noticed, in order to get the winged forms.
On arriving on a heath a spot should be selected where there is a certain
amount of bare sand exposed, and which offers attractions in the way
of flowers ; a natural hollow in the side of a common sloping towards
the south, or the broken bank above a roadside, or any exposed sandy
slope, especially when dotted over with heathery hillocks, is a good
spot to begin upon. Stand still and watch the ground and the flowers
and the surroundings generally, and before long something will stir.
Probably, if you are in a good locality, the whole place will be full of
life, but I have often been early on a spot which I have known to be
a favourite one, and had to watch for some time before the twitching
of the leaf of some plant betrayed the movement of a Pompilus or
some allied creature. The Pompilidcd may always be known when
running by their short, jerky, uneven sort of motion, which very much
resembles that of an ant. All the red-bodied species should be
captured, as they are so closely allied that it is impossible to tell them
apart in the field. When I say should be captured, I mean if the collector

138 L-IuHe,

can capture them, as they are, of all insects, the most difficult to
secure. They sneak about under the heather, &c,, where the net
cannot be used, and as soon as one comes out into the open it flies, but
the flight is a short one, and ihe moment which offers the best chance
of success is when it alights again. If it alights on the sand the net
should be pounced down over it and the hands should immediately
press the ring into the sand, as it will dive under the ring if possible.
If it alights on a twig of heather or a bramble bush, the collector
must use his discretion as to whether to strike at it or not ; he will
have no time to ponder, and the object will be quickl}' secured or the
net ruined, in accordance with the skill or the clumsiness of the
performer.

The rarities to be looked for amongst the sand-loving PompiUdcB
are Pompilus unicolor and hicolor, both of which may be recognised by
having only two submarginal cells in the front wings, and the former,
whi^h is the greater rarity of the two, by its narrow head and very long
prothorax, its male being entirely black. P. sericeus'i^ another of our
greatest rarities, which has not been recognised since F. Smith's
time, it is probably a northern species ; it is black, with an arcuate,
not angulate, posterior margin to the pronotum. P. WesmaeU, whose
(J has a pendent spine from the apical ventral segment ; P. minutulus,
whose ^ has its hind tibiae suddenly incrassated towards the apex ;
and P. consohrimis, which has the propodeum clothed with fine, erect
hairs, and the red segments of the abdomen not margined at the apex
with black; are also among the desiderata of most of us. The closely
allied genus Saliiis, whose species may be known from those of
Pompilus by the serrate posterior tibiae of the $ and the punctured
forehead of both sexes, also contributes rarities. S. affinis, recognisable
hy its transversely rugose propodeum ; ^S^. nofnfiis, by its black ^ with
red femora and black calcaria ; CaUcurffus hi/alinnfus, whose ^
closely resembles that of the preceding, but has long white
calcaria, whilst the $ has a broad brown band near the apex of the
front wings and the abdomen black and red, and Pseudagenia, which
may be known by the white sides of the face in the (J and the large,
square, third submarginal cell and the black colour of both sexes.
The species of Pompilns and Salius are identical in habits and
behaviour, and are often not to be distinguished generically in
the net. The two species of Ceropales should be looked for on
umbelliferous flowers ; they occur in sandy districts, but are different
in their habits to Pompilus ; C. variegatus, with the base of the
abdomen red, is a great rarity. Another heath and sand-loving

1897.] 139

genus is Astata, of wbich we have two British species, neither
of which is common, although hoops is far from rare in some
places. An Astata delights to bask on the very hottest sand, and
will fly off with great rapidity at a very slight alarm, but will come
back again, after a short flight, on to the very same spot ; they are
most interesting insects, A. boops provisions its nests with Hemiptera.
Tachytes and Miscophus are two other genera whose species inhabit
similar localities to Pompilus, Astata, &c. Tachytes pectinipes is a
fairly common species, and behaves rather like a Pompilus, but is
easier to capture ; unicolor is much rarer ; and of lativalois 1 only
know a single British .example (a c^) taken by myself at Deal many
years ago, it may be known from pectinipes by the rich golden
pubescence of the face in the ^ , and by the wider apical dorsal valve
or pygidium of the ? . Miscophus is like a diminutive Tachytes, and
is most difficult to catch, its very small size and extreme agility giving
it quite a fair chance against the collector. Both the British species
are rare, but concolor is frequently tciken on the West Surrey heaths ;
maritima so far has only occurred at Deal ; Gorytes tumidus is also a
heath species, with habits of flight, &c., very like those of Tachytes.

The greatest of the British rarities, which has not been recorded
in this country for over forty years, is Dinetus pictus ; it has been
found at Windsor and Ascot, and will no doubt turn up again, as it
probably escapes notice. I believe it has habits of flight rather similar
to those of Astata, loving to bask on the hot sand, but it is a small insect,
and somewhat coloured like the sand itself, so that I always feel one
might pass it over, although it is amply distinct from anything else.
Along the sides of the roads and among the heather the species of
AmmophiJa love to course up and down ; their ridiculously long bodies
will betray them at once. There are two other very interesting genera
which frequent heaths, Cerceris and Oxyhelus. Cerceris may be known
in all its British species by the wasp-like colouring of the abdomen
and the deep constrictions between the segments ; the species are very
particular as to the food they lay up for their larvse, some even, so it
is said, always selecting the same species of beetle for the purpose.
C. ornata almost always selects an Ralictiis, and I have never seen it
carrying anything but cylindricus, but how far its knowledge of that
very difficult genus may extend it would be presumptuous to say.
C arenaria and interrupta carry off weevils, and labiata likes Halticidce ;
Cerceris is generally to be found flying about among the heather and
herbage. Closely allied to Cerceris, hut with an oval shaped abdomen,
is the rare Philanthus triangulum, which preys on the honey bee ; this

140 (June,

used to be taken at Sandown, Isle of Wight, on sandy cliffs, and is
recorded from Byfleet, Surrey, but it has not been found, though
carefully sought for, for many years. Oxyhehxs uniglumis, which is a
very common species in sandy localities, hunts flies, and may be
constantly seen dragging its victims towards its burrows ; it will sit
sunning itself on a bank, its silver-haired face shinning with an extra-
ordinary lustre in the sunshine, it also frequents thistle-heads and other
flowers. There are three other British species, but all are rare:
mandihularis is a Woking insect, but has occurred also in several
places along our coast ; mucronatus has occurred to me at Hayling
Island on Senecio, &c. ; and nUjripes has not been found for very many
years, and sadly wants looking for. The Gral}ro-\\VQ neuratiou of the
wings, the spotted abdomen and spinose scutellum will distinguish an
Oxijhelus from the species of any other genus.

Running about on the bare patches, &c., of sandy heaths, the
apterous females of the four British Mutillidcs are to be occasionally
found, they are all more or less rare, Mutilla rufipes is the least so,
Myrmosa melanocephala is rarer, and Methoca ichneumonides and
Mutilla europcea are both of considerable rarity. The first two I
take at intervals every year at Woking, and I believe they occur
generally on sandy commons ; Methoca is far rarer, but occurs at
Chobham and Oxshott and Bexhill ; the last I have only seen at
Bournemouth. The winged males of the species frequent flowers,
that of Metlioca being exceedingly difiicult to meet with.

Of the habits of the MutilUdcB very little is known ; they are,
doubtless, parasitic insects, and occur sporadically. If their hosts
were better known, it would, of course, be easier to give directions as
to where to look for them. Among the species of Crahro several are
distinctly sand-loving ; the rare scuteUatus is fond of burrowing into
the sand where it is level, I have caught the females entering their
burrows. The males bask on leaves, &c., and probably on the hot
sand also, but I have rarely met with them ; they would most likely
occur in June, the females I took on the ]5th July, when I could see
no signs of males : pahnnrifin and Wesmneli occur on the Woking
heaths, but I do not think they are exclusively heath species, in fact,
many of the insects mentioned above occur elsewhere, but if a
collector wants a good chance of meeting with them he should visit a
sandy heath or sandy seashore ; sandhills such as those at Deal,
Sandwich, Lowestoft, Hayling Island, &c., yield very excellent results,
and, doubtless, those on the less frequented parts of our shores still
harbour species that do not figure in our list.

{To he continued).

1S97.] Ul

Lepyrus hinotatus at Wellington College. — On March 31st of this year I h;ul
tlie luck to take a single specimen of this very rare species, which the Rev. H. S.
Gorham kindly identified for me. I found it floating in an open tank at Wellington
College.— L. M. Bucknill, Thornfield, Bitterne, Southampton : Mai/, 1897.

Coleoptera in. the Boll in Valley in 1896. — The Bollin Valley (about 12 miles
south of Manchester) has long been a favourite locality with Manchester entomolo-
gists. Rising on the borders of Cheshire and Derbyshire east of Macclesfield, the
River Bollin flows through the rich Triassic Plain of Cheshire to open into the
Mersey near Warrington. It is probably the least polluted of the rivers within the
Manchester 15-mile radius, due to its flowing through a district almost entirely
agricultural. Macclesfield adds some impurities to the river, but less year by year,
owing to the measures taken by the River Mersey Committee. Coarse fishermen
still obtain good sport in its waters, amongst the fish taken being the Shouler or
Graining (the Lenciscus lancastrenais of Yarrell), a variety of dace found only in
certain Lanchashire and Cheshire rivers : in Lancashire the Alt, and in former years
the Irwell and its tributaries have produced this species.

Having taken Bembidiiim paludosum and Bledius suhterraneus on the banks of
the Bollin in the summers of 1887, 1888 and 1889, I determined, on July 11th of
last year, to renew my acquaintance witli these species if they still occurred there.
Though time only permitted of an hour's searching of the north bank between Hale
and Castle Mills, I was fortunate in capturing seventeen Bemhidium paludosum and
twenty-sis Bledius subterraneus. The former species occurs running rapidly on wet
sandy stretches close to the water's edge, presenting in the sunshine a most striking
appearance, the elytra flashing with a play of rose-pink, purplish and coppery tints.
These hues unfortunately fade a day or two after the specimens are killed and set.
The Bledius occurred running on or flying over the dry sandy and clayey banks of
the river.

Besides these two species, which were the special objects of my search, I ob-
tained eighteen Bledius pi alii pes along with the B. sulterraneus, also one Tachi/usa
seiiula and three T. flavitarsis ; accompanying the Bembidium were a few Elaphrus
riparius. Pressing down the mud close to the water's edge produced a series of
Heterocerus inarginatus, which rose to the surface and attempted to take flight.

A second visit to the same locality on the afternoon of July 19th produced,
after two hours' collecting, twenty-seven Bembidium paludosum, one B.femoratum,
one AmarafuU'a, thirty-seven Bledius subterraneus, six B. pallipes, ten Tachyusa
constricta, seven T. scitiila, sis Falagria obscura, twelve Heterocerus marginatus,
and two Limneliius truncatellus. From cracks in the banks two Trechus discus, one
T. secalis, and seven Clivina collaris were obtained, whilst buried just beneath the
surface of dry sand a single specimen of Mgialia sabuleti occurred. — J. Haeold
Bailey, 128, Broad Street, Pendleton : May 3rd, 1897.

ISarly appearance of Formica riifa. — I think it is worth recording the very
early appearance of Formica rufa. I took twelve winged females running over the
surface of a large hillock made by this species, in a wood near Shaughbridge on
April 22nd.— G. C. Bignell, Stonehouse, Plymouth : April 27th, 1897-

14i2 [June,

Biorhiza terminalis. — In tlie last Monograph published on the Oak Galls it is
stated that the King Charles apple, the gall so much sought after by boys, on May
29th, produces not infrequently wingless females. Never having obtained any such
from galls collected in South Devon, I should be glad to receive galls of this species
from any other part of England not later than the middle of June. — Id.

Hyetodesia vagans. Fin., near Birmingham. — Mr. Meade, in his new descriptive
list of Anthomyidce, says of this species, " I received a pair of typical specimens from
M. Schnabl, of Warsaw, but have not seen an English one. I include it in the
British list because it has been recorded by Walker and others." Having a small
series in my collection which I considered represented this insect, I forwarded a pair
to Mr. Meade for examination, and he returns them as quite correct, and very well
marked specimens. The flies occur in Sutton Park at the end of May and beginning
of June on palings. I have taken two males and five females. It is placed among
the reputed species in Mr. Verrall's list, but may now be restored to its original
position.— Ralph C. Bradley, Sutton Coldfield : May ^th, 1897.

Variety of Vanessa urticcB. — A very beautiful variety of Vanessa urticce has
just been brought to me for examination by Mr. Walliss Penn-Gaskell, a young
gentleman who, to all appearance, has not as yet left behind the " lucky " stage of
the young collector. In this specimen the second and third costal black spots are
united by a purple-black cloud, the dorsal black spot is enlarged and angulated,
almost diamond shaped ; the two small black spots usually placed just outside it are
totally absent, and the area in which they should lie is of a deep rich red with but
faint trace of any yellow cloud ; the blue spots of the hind margin are moreover
pushed inward by an unusual breadth of blackened margin. In the hind-wings
this last peculiarity is even more conspicuous, the black border being very broad,
and, at the same time, the large black space from the base is so extended that of the
usual orange-red space there is but a partial narrow band. Altogether the specimen
approaches in colour, and absence of the two small black spots of the fore-wings, to
the South European variety Ichnusa ; but differs from it in the far greater extent
of black margin and black surface in the hind-wings, in these respects approaching
nearer to the variety figured by Noel Humphreys on the illustrated title-page of his
" Genera and Species of British Butterflies." Of the present specimen Mr. Penn-
Gaskell writes, " It was taken flying over the road leading to Kanmore Common
from the Station at Bookham, Surrey, on June 27th, 1896. A good number of or-
dinary V. urtica were flying at the time about the flowers in a cottage garden close
by."— Chas. G. Baeeett, 39, Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E. : May lOth, 1897.

Temperature Experiments and Hybridity. — The very remarkable series of speci-
mens illustrating variation caused by temperature, exhibited by Mr. Merrifield and
Dr. Standfuss at the Royal Society's Conversazione on May 19th, and also Dr.
Standfuss' hybrid Lepidoptera, will be on view for a short time in the Insect Gallery
at the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), Cromwell Road. — Eds.

Baron de Selys-Longchamps. — At the meeting of the Societe Entomologique de
France, April 28th, the death of my venerable friend was reported by the President.
It is happily untrue ; he is in perfect health. — R. McLachlan, May 2\st, 1897.

im.-\ 143

Societies.

Cambridge Entomological and Natural History Society : April 30th,
1897.— Dr. Sharp, F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Dr. Sharp called attention to a peculiar structure which he detected some years
ago in Chrysinidia madagascarensis, better known as Urania rhipheus. On each
side of the second abdominal segment there is an ear-like opening, usually much
concealed by overlapping scales, giving entrance to a chamber which extends to the
middle line and forwards towai-ds the base of the abdomen, so that a considerable
space in the anterior and upper part of the abdomen is occupied by the chambers.
At the anterior external part of this depression or chamber there is a second vesicle-
like chamber formed by a delicate membrane. He considered this structure to be
some kind of sense organ, and thought it must be of great importance to the creature,
as it occupies a large area of the abdominal region. It is independent of sex, and
apparently occurs in all the members of the Families Uraniidce and Epiplemidai.
M. Oberthiir had kindly supplied him liberally with dried specimens for the exami-
nation of this organ, but fresh individuals, or some well preserved in spirit, are
necessary before any of the finer details of the structure can be ascertained. — L.
DoNCASTER, Hon. Secretary.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
April 22nd, 1897. — R. Adkin, Esq., F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Malcolm Burr, Bellagio, East Grinstead, Sussex, was elected a Member.

Mr. Barrett exhibited the only known Scottish specimen of Colias Hyale, cap-
tured in Dumbartonshire by Mr. Malloch ; he also exhibited a var. of Cryniodes
exulis taken by Mr. Percy Bright in Unst, which form was at one time considered a
distinct species, and termed Radena Maillardi, together with the same species from
Rannoch and Iceland. Mr. Auld, a varied series of Cucullia chamomillce from Lewis.
Mr. R. Adkin, a series of Hybernia marginaria [progemmaria) , the progeny of a pair
received from Mr. Hewett, of York ; about sixty per cent, of the males were of the
black form and followed the parents, while the whole of the females were dark ; he
also made remarks upon the scaling and pigmentation. Mr. Mera, a larva of Calli-
morpha Hera, which had fed all the winter and was in its last stage. Mr. Step, the
following specimens of Spider Crabs from Portscatho : — Macropodia rostratus, male
and female, with a card of dissections to show sexual differences, curved hooked
hairs, upper and under-sides of the chelae, &c. ; Inachus dorynchns and I. leptochirus ;
Fisa tribiilus, with a red sponge covering the whole of the carapace ; and photo-
graphs of Maia squinado. The Secretary then read a paper on the above exhibits,
communicated by Mr. Step, entitled, " Some British Spider Crabs."

May IZth, 1897-— R. South, Esq., F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. Stanley Edwards exliibited a small scorpion which he had captured at
Digne, in the South of France, together with a specimen of the Field Cricket from
the same locality ; he also exhibited a pupa of Charaxes Jasius, and stated that Dr.
Chapman had sent him larvae of this species from Cannes earlier in the year. Mr.
Tutt made remarks upon the condition of vegetation and insect life as observed by
Ml'. Edwards and himself during a week's holiday at Easter in the S. E. of France.
The weather there was superb, but yet the vegetation was, at 1900 feet above the

2j,j. [June, 1.'>H7.

sea, but little- in advanpo of that in the S. of England. Witli the development of
insect life there was no oomparison, for in one day he had seen no less than 52
species of Lepidoptera. In the corner of one field were to be seen all our three
Melita^ce flying together. Mr. Lucas exhibited a mature and two immature speci-
mens of an Indian species of cockroach (Leucophfea sui-iiuimeiixis, = indica) taken
in the forcing pits at Kew Gardens. Mr. Montgomery, young larvse of Apamea
ophiogramma in the stems of the ribbon grass, and contributed notes on its habit of
leaving its old burrow and selecting a new stem. Mr. South, a series of Amphidaxyx
strataria (prodromaria), and remarked on their small size, while the larvae had been
unusually large. Mr. Auld, a varied series of Boarmia cinctaria taken this year in
the New Forest. Mr. II. Moore, specimens of the rare insect, Pseudopontia para-
doxa, with drawings showing its anomalous venation, its bi6d scales, and the isolated
position of each scale on the wing membrane ; he contributed notes on the species
which he said had come from Mombasa, E. Africa, and about the position of which
there was the widest divergence of opinion ; some authorities placed it in the
Rhopalocera, some in the Geometers, and some among the Bombyces. Mr. Turner,
on behalf of Mr. Clarke, of Reading, specimens of Tephrosia crepuscularia, taken
in the wood which Mrs. Bazett had said did not produce the species. Mr. Tutt
read a paper sent by Prof. Grote, A.M., entitled, " Autumnal Notes from the Butter-
fly Camp by the shores of Lake Erie." — Henry J. Tuener, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : May bth, 1897. — Mr. R. Tkimen,
F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. C. H. Peers, of Harrow Weald, was elected a Fellow of the Society.

Mr. J. J. Walker exhibited an earwig, Apterygkla arachidis, Yersin, new to
Britain, and recently found in large numbers in chemical works at Queenborough.
It had been probably imported among bones. Mr. Burr also showed a complete
series of the British species of FurJicididcB. Mr. Enock, eggs of Stenopsocus crtici-
atus, L., containing parasitic larva) of Alapfux fnsculus, Hal., the male of which
would probably prove to be Alapius niinimicx, Hal. Mr. Merrifield, the results of
temperature experiments on the pupffl of Pieris Daplidice, Melitcea Didyina, and
other species ; he thought that changes produced by abnormal tem))erature8 might
be classed as follows: — (1) enhancement or diminution of intensity of colour
without alteration in the form of the markings; (2) substitution of scales of a
different colour, scattered or in groups ; (3) imperfection in the development of
scales or their pigment. Mr. Tutt, a series of insects collected at Cannes in March,
and remarkable for their early emergence. Dr. Dixey read a paper on " Mimetic
Attraction," in which he dealt with the steps by which wing pattern, as in South
American Pierinre, could be modified in various directions so as to secure a mimetic
result, and with the theories of mimicry put forward by Bates and Fritz Miiller.
Mr. I'landford exhibited and discussed scries of homoeochromatic and mimetic
neotropical species of butterflies, chiefly of HeliconiidcB and Ileliconioid Danaidce.
The discussion was continued by Prof. Poulton, who showed similar groups of several
genera, remarkable as having been collected and sent to England as examples of a
single species, and by the President, and it was ultimately adjourned to June 2nd. —
W. F. H. Blandfobd and F. Merrifield, Hon. Secretaries.

July, 1897. 1 145

LIST OF ADDITIONS, &c., TO SHARP AND FOWLER'S CATALOGUE
OF BRITISH COLEOPTERA (1893).

BY G. C. CHAMPIOK, F.Z.S.

Some few species having been omitted from this Catalogue, it is
worth while calling attention to them, and to give a list of the others
since recorded, with synonymical notes. The additional species or
varieties are marked thus *, and those omitted from Sharp and Fowler's
Catalogue with a f-

Caralus cancellatus, 111 Reinstated. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxi, p. 2G5. One

specimen found at Pouladar, West Cork.
*A)iisodactj/lKS nemorii'agus,J)u{t8...^nt. Mo. Mag. xxxii, p. 253. A. atricornis
var. atricornis, Steph. (Steph.) is a variety of this species, and not
of A. binotatus, F., as previously supposed.
Typical form aud variety both found at
Woking.

'^AmarafameUca,Zimxa. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxii, p. 97. Chobham and

Woking.

Bembidium tricolor, Bedel Ent. Mo. Mag., xxix, p. 250.

riparium. Fowl.

* „ virens, Gyll Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxi, p. 263. Loch Maree.

*Ochthebius Lejolisi, Muls. & Rey ...Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxi, p. 181. Ilfracombe.
*Aleochara succicola,Thoma Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiii, p. 97. Generally dis-
tributed.

Quedius mesomelinus, Marsh One specimen of the variety found at Bury St.

*7ar. nigrocceruleus, Rey Edmunds, iu a nest of Bombus Jiortormn.

Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxii, p. 50.

* „ ri/?arjz<*, Kelln Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxii, p. 80. Porlock, Somerset.

fPhilontkus umbratilis, Grav Evidently omitted by accident.

*Platystethus ahitaceus, Thoms Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiii, p. 98. London district

and Slapton, Devon.

*fNeuraphes planifrons, Blatch. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxvi, p. 93 (April, 1890).

Sherwood Forest. This species is included
in Heyden, Reitter, and Weise's Catalogue
(1891) . It is allied to N. Sparshalli, Denny.

*Epurceanana,'Reitt Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxii, p. 4. Thorpe-le-Soken,

Essex. One specimen.

*\ Trichopteri/x angusta, Matth Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), iii, p. 192

(1889). Three specimens. Leicestershire.
Mr. Matthews states that this species may be
distinguished from others bj its inter-
mediate size, long and narrow form, very
short elytra, and long abdomen.

*fPtilium incognitum, Matth Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), iii, p. 195 (1889).

Wicken Fen. Mr. Matthews remarks that
this large and very distinct species has,

N

146 [July,

owing to the parallel lines on its thorax,
been confounded with Ft. afflne, Er., but,
with the exception of the thoracic lines,
differs entirely from that species in size,
form, colour, and sculpture. J

Telephoni.ifgH rat us, Mann Ent. Mo. Mag., xxix, p. 143. Ben Cruachan,

*var. cruachanus, Cliitty Scotland.
Latheticus oryza;, C. O. Waterh.

striolatus, Fairm Eev. d'Ent., xi, p. Ill {Lyphia). Obock. Mr.

Waterhouse'e name has twelve years' pri-
ority.

Falorus Ratzelurgi, Wissm Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxii, p. 27.

melinus, Sharp & Fowl. Cat.
ambiffuus, Woll.
floricola, Mars.

* „ suhdepressus, Vi^oW Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxii, p. 27. London granaries.

hifoveolattts, Baudi, Seidl.
Alphitophagus hipustulatus, Say ...Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxi, p. 283. Say's name has

quadripustiilatus, Steph. nine years' priority.
Anaxpin ruficoUis, F.

*var. alpicola, Emery ...Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxi, p. 207. Putney.

Lema septentrionis, Weise Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiii, p. 135.

Erichsoni, Sharp & Fowl. Cat.

Zeugo phora flavicollis, Marah The name anstralis, Weise, must fall as a

australis, Weise. synonym. Ent. Mo. -Mag., xxxiii, p. 61.

Crgptocephalus parvulus, MiM The variety recorded from Hastings. Ent.

fvar. barbarecB, Steph. Mo. Mag., xxxiii, p. 90.

„ hipunctatus, L The variety recorded from Woking. Ent. Mo.

*tvar. r7*ojwso»i,Weise. Mag., xxviii, p. 193 (July, 1892).

Confounded with C. hipustidatus, F., in
collections.
*Otiorrhynchus auropunctatus,Gj\\... 'EiTit.M.o.M&g.f-LXi.i, p. \ZZ. Found in num-
bers on the coast of Ireland, in tJic counties
of Dublin, Meath, and Louth.

*Exomias pyrenaus,Se\(\.\ Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiii, p. 134. Found in

numbers in the Plymouth district.
Strophosomus capiiaiu.i, De Gecr ...S.fnlticornis is a variety of S. capitatus. Ent.
\a,v .fulvicornis,Yf aXt. Mo. Mag., xxxiii, p. 60.

Liosoma pyrencpum, Bris At my request, M. Bedel has recently compared

var. troglodytes, Eye. a specimen of L. troglodytes, Rye, with the

type of L. pyrenreum, Bris. It appears only
to differ in having the thorax more regu-
larly punctured, the upper surface less
shining (the thorax appearing duller), and
the general shape perhaps less oblong. The

X Misplaced under the genus PUnidluni in the Zoological Record for 1889 (Ins., p. 105).

small size is of no importance, as L. pyre-
nceum varies greatly in this respect. In M.
Bedel's opinion the insect cannot be regarded
as more than a variety or subspecies of L.
fyrenceum. Both forms occur in France :
L. 'pyrennum in the Pyrenees, Gascony, and
on the Central Plateau ; ajid L. troglodytes
in Normandy (Forest of Cerisy, Calvados).
The latter name is sunk as a synonym in
Hcyden, Reitter, and Weise's Catalogue
(1891).

*Cionu.i longicollis, Bris Ent. Mo. Mag., xxx, p. 100. Portsdown, Hants.

CeuthorrhyncJddius mixtus,

Muls. & Rey...C. nigroterminatus, Woll. (^ Crotchi, Bris.),
not synonymous with C. mixtus, Muls. and
Key. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxii, p. 30.

Horsell, Woking :

June 9lh, 1897.

HERMAPHRODITE EARWIG (CHELISOCHES MORIO, Fabr.).
BY MALCOLM BUKE, F.Z.S.

While looting through a number o£ earwigs which I have recently
received from Borneo, Java and Celebes, my attention was struck by
the curious shape of the forceps of two Chellsoches morio, Fab. They
are distinctly hermaphrodite, the right branch being male in form and
the left female. The number of visible segments is nine, as is the
case in male earwigs, whereas the female has only seven visible.

Brunner remarks (Prod. Eur. Orth., p. 4) that hermaphrodite
forms are not uncommon in earwigs, and de Bormans records the phe-
nomenon in the fine species Labidura (?) pugnax, Kirb., from Burmah
(Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., 2nd Ser., vol. xiv [1894], p. 377), in which case
also it was the right branch that had the male form. I am not aware
whether asymmetry occurs also in the internal sexual organs.

Of the specimens referred to, one is from Bua-Kraeng in Celebes,
and the other from Pengalengan in Java.

ChelisocJies morio is a very variable and a widely distributed spe-
cies, being found in all the Islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans,
and in Japan, Burmah, New Zealand, Mauritius, east coast of Africa,
and recently a pair has been taken in one of the artificially heated
houses at Kew Gardens

Bellagio, East Grinstoad :

3Iay 23rcl, 1897.

148

[July,

FORFICULA LESNEI, Finot, A BRITISH INSECT.
BY MALCOLM BTJRE, F.ZS.

In the Ent. Mo. Mag., 2nd series, vol. vii, p. 230 (l^QQ) , Forficula
pubescens. Gene, is recorded as having been taken at the Warren,
Folkestone; the same specimen is figured m pubescens in British
Orthoptera, pi. 1, fig. G (Naturalist's Journal, Suppl., March, 1897).
M. de Bormans, after attentively examining the figure, has called my
attention to another recently described species, J''. Lesnei, Finot, which
is very closely allied, and suggested that the earwig in question is
really to be referred to the latter. I have again examined the insect,
and compared it with the description of Finot, and his figures of this,
pubescens, Gene, and decipiens, Gene, and think that it is a true Lesnei.
But there is no reason ihaX pubescens should be yet struck off the list
of our British species, as it is possible that the earlier records of its
capture refer to true pubesce7is ; and Mr. Eland Shaw's words in his
Synopsis (Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxv, p. 358, 1889), that the legs of the
forceps are "almost contiguous for their whole length," seem to point
to pubescens.

Lesnei chiefly differs from pubescens in the shape of the forceps,

and the distinction between these two species and decipiens may be
seen by the accompanying figures, which M. de Bormans has been
kind enough to send me.

F. pubescens is peculiar to the South of Europe, and is not a
species that is likely to be imported in shipping. F. Lesnei has been
found in grass and rough herbage in September at Trouville, Calvados
and Villers-sur-Mer by M. Lesne, and at St. Germain, near Paris (de
Bormans in Hit.).

In pubescens the dilated part of the male forceps is considerably
longer than in Lesnei, and in Lesnei than in decipiens, and at the apex

1897.] 149

of the dilated part in puhescens and Lesnei there is a small blunt
tooth, which is wanting in decipiens ; the branches of the forceps meet
at the apex in puhescens and decipiens, but do not do so in Lesnei,
which is also of a darker and more uniform colour than the two other
species ; the wings are abbreviated ; the antennae have 12 joints.

Long. Corp., ^ , 6 — 10 mm., $ , 8 — 9 mm.

Long, forcip., ($ , 2 — 4 mm., ? , 1"5 — 2 mm.

Forficula Lesnei, Finot, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (vii), clxsxix, 1887 ; id., Faune de la

France, Insectes Orthoptercs, p. 68, fig. 2 in text, 1890.
Forficula puhescens. Burr, Ent. Mo. Mag., 2nd series, vol. vii, p. 230, 1896 ; Brit.

Orth., p. 16, pi. 1, fig. 6, 1897.

Bellagio, East Grinstead :

June 5th, 1897.

EAKE HTMENOPTERA AND BIPTERA IN CORNWALL.
BY THE REV. T. A. MARSHALL, M.A., F.E.S.

On page 140 of this vol. Mr. Saunders mentions localities for
some of the scarcer Aculeata. May I be permitted to add that Methoca
occurs not uncommonly in this district ? The precise spot is on the
sandy banks of the river Lyuher, north of Nottar Bridge, where I
have seen six or seven at various times, and made some captures. The
ground was formerly poisoned by the vernal overflow of the stream,
impregnated with metallic matter from the mines in the hills, but is
now nearly recovered, owing to the stoppage of mining. Myrmosa
melanocephala is quite common at the same spot, and may be taken ad
libitum late in the summer. But I have met with no ^ of either
species.

The following are either new to the British fauna, or for other
reasons interesting ; they are the more remarkable from the general
entomological poverty of the district ; it is worth while to seize the
opportunity of placing them on record.

I have been gratified by the re-discovery here of Haliday's long
lost genus Neoneurus (Ent. Mag., vol. v, p. 213) ; I have taken
both sexes by sweeping flowers in the fields. The wings only of the
insect were known, as drawn by Haliday, and copied by Van Vollen-
hoven. They differ widely from those of any other Braconid. I have
named the species N. Halidaii, and placed it provisionally as an
aberrant form of the Areolarii, next after Orgilus, with description
and figure, in Andre's " Species."

150 [July.

Another Braconid new to England is Acampsis nltcrnipes, Wesm.,
lately found by Mr. Bignell in some numbers in the Bickleigh Woods
near Plymouth. It is singular that this conspicuous insect should so
long have escaped our researches. Its systematic place is next after
SpJicsropyx {Jthytidofj aster in the catalogue).

Another parasite unknown as British hitherto, is the Tryphonid
Polyhlastus anniilicornis, Giraud (Ann. Soc. Fr., 1S71, p. 4()G). Only
one w'as captured by Giraud near Vienna, and regarded by him as a
great rarity. I find it here occasionally in hedges; it varies much in
size ; no ^ has yet occurred.

In the neglected Orders of insects it is easy to increase the
British list, but I forbear to mention other species, as their number
would prove excessive. However, I cannot omit the fact that the
scarce Dipteron, Merodon equestris, is now flying in some numbers in
my garden, but it is so wary as to be almost unapproachable ; two
captures in a day is the utmost success to be expected. In the same
garden Criorrliina herherina is an occasional visitant.

Botusfleming, Cornwall :

June 5th, 1897.

DEFOLIATION OF COEK TREES IN TUNIS BY OCNEIIIA DISPAIL
BY THE RET. A. E. EATON, M.A., F.E.S.

Any one visiting Ain Drahan in the Khroumirie (Tunisie), from
La Calle or Tabarka, last July, could see, while passing along the
slopes of Djebel Bonoucla and Kef el Keba'i, that something had
happened to the forest thereabouts. The cork trees from about 1900
to 2200 feet above the sea, for a couple of miles or more, looked very
much like alders in flower beginning to show leaf. They had been
stripped of their leaves by a larva, and their summer shoots caused
the reddish-brown residua to be sparsely picked out with green ; but
the whole season's growth of cork must have been abortive. It was
only Quercus suher, L., that was ravaged ; Q. Mirbeckii, Dur., was
untouched. The moth was out in profusion on July 21st — males
fluttering about the trees in the sunshine, as numerous as leaves
falling in an October breeze ; females, a dispersed host, coupling and
laying eggs amidst remnants of deserted webs and empty pupa shells
that dangled loosely from the trunks and branches.

Here and there females stood close together in a row on the part
of a tree from which cork had been harvested (about ten moths to a

1897] 151

length of sixteen inches), and the row could be seen fifty yards away ;
but on the rough bark they were less conspicuous, and they harmonized
well in colour with the lighter surfaces of chinks and seams, without
exactly matching the tint. Among the crowd were a few triplets in
cop. ; there were also some cripples ; but the moths seemed to be
tolerably constant in pattern of markings. Some straggling larvae
were still afoot, varying in grade, and badly off for food. Jf all the
eggs hatch out in one season, starvation it would seem awaits the
brood. Several big black carnivorous beetle larvae were climbing up
from the ground to feed apparently upon the larvae, but they usually
let themselves drop down on being approached, and were not observed
seizing anything. Ichneumonidce were numerous.

[This account of the larvae of 0. dispar by Mr. Eaton is very
interesting. Lucas, in his " Exploration scientifique d'Algerie," re-
cords the insect (see page 377) from the woods round Lake Tonga in
the district of La Calle in the years 1840-42 ; but I can trace no
further record of it in North Africa till the year 1S81, wdien Oberthiir
mentions that Dr. Codet saw the larvae in the neighbourhood of Sebdou
(Etudes d'Entomologie, p. 76). The Rev. A. E. Eaton has found
it in its old locality, so we may conclude it has remained there
since Lucas's time, but it is curious that it has not (apparently) ex-
tended much into Algeria, for M. Oberthiir would be sure to have had
plenty of so large a species sent him had it been common there. —
Gr. T. Bethune-Bakee].

REMARKS UPON METHODS OF KILLINQ BIPTERA.
BY n. H. MEADE.

In February last Mr. Saunders commenced in this Magazine some
interesting " Hints on Collecting Aculeate Hymenoptera,''' in which he
gives directions for preparing a cyanide bottle for the killing of his
captures. Until lately I have been in the habit of treating Dijytera
in the same manner as he suggests, viz., killing them with the fumes
of cyanide, but I have never been quite satisfied with the plan. This
salt (cyanide of potassium) is very deliquescent, and it is almost
impossible to keep the inside of the bottle dry, even when it is partly
filled with scraps of blotting paper. I always found that if any
number of flies remained together in the bottle, even for a short time,
some of them would become damp and discoloured, and if a few only
were left for many hours, or until the next day, they often became

152 [July,

blackened and spoilt. Bright or yellow-coloured species, such as
Syrpliidce, are especially liable to change. Under these circumstances
I thought that I would look out for some other salt which would give
off poisonous fumes without being deliquescent, and it struck me
that perhaps benzoline (the smell of which is destructive to mites),
might answer the purpose if the fumes were sufficiently concentrated.
Upon making a trial I find that it answers admirably ; some of the
salt crushed or in small crystals must be placed at the bottom of a
phial or small wide mouthed bottle, then covered with a little cotton
wool and wedged down and fixed with some paper. The quantity of
benzoline must not be very small, for the fumes are scarcely so deadly
as those of cyanide, and require to be strong. I find that a bottle
so prepared will kill flies in a few minutes, and the specimens take
no harm if they remain in the bottle until the next day unless there
are a large number of them together.

There seems to be no deliquescence of the benzoline, as the salt
remains hard and dry, and the insides of the bottle do not get damp,
though closely corked up ; the evaporation also goes on very slowh^
so that the bottles will last a very long time without replenishing. I
do not think that Mr. Saunders' plan of having a tube through the
cork would answer in the use of benzoline, as it is necessary to keep
the bottle tightly corked.

Bradford: June Wih, 1897.

ODONATA COLLECTED BY THE EEV. A. E. EATON IN ALGERIA:

WITH ANNOTATIONS.

BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., &c.

Since the end of 1892 my friend Mr. Eaton has passed the greater
part of his time in Algeria, and has made extensive collections, which
he has most liberally handed over to specialists. The Neuroptera have
come to me, and I herewith give details of what he has found among
the Oclonata. He did not visit the Province of Oran, and paid very
little attention to Dragon-flies while in the Province of Algiers, so
that the greater part come from the eastern Province of Constantino.
He secured 31 species (or about two-thirds of those recorded from
the country), amongst which three, viz., Onychogomphiis Genet (in two
races, very interesting), jMschna rufescens and Enallagma cyathigerum,
are additions to the Fauna. I am also able to describe the hitherto
unknown $ of Onychogomphus Costw.

In the course of working out the materials certain observations,
critical and otherwise, have occurred to me, and have been incorporated.

18!I7.] 153

Sub-fam. LIBELLULIN^.
Stmpeteum Ponscolombii, Selys. — Medea, July 5th, 1893, and
Biskra, May 26th, 1894.

Stmpeteum steiolatum, Charp. — A few examples from Con-
stantine in June and October, 1894, and October, 1895.

Stmpeteum meeidionale, Selys. — A few examples, Bone, June
4th, 1896 ; Lac des Oiseaux, June 18th and 25th, 1896.

Stmpeteum sanguineum, Miill. — Ain Kriar, June 22nd, 1896.

Teithemis eubeineevis, Selys. — Lac Tonga, June 24th and July
13th and 16th, 1896; Lac Houbeira, June 11th, 1896. I have never
seen European (typical) examples of this species. Do Selys remarks
that Algerian examples are larger than those from West Africa. I
am quite of the same opinion, and they also seem more robust, with a
larger pterostigma, &c. I find no apparent differences in the genita-
lia of the second segmeut.

Ceocothemis eetthejea, Brulle. — A few individuals, varying
much in size and intensity of colour, from Biskra, Bone, La Calle and
Lac Tonga at varying dates. One example from Biskra is ticketted
" January 9th, 1895," but I suspect an error on my part.

Caceegates leucosticta, Burm. — About a dozen examples from
Lac Tonga, Lac Houbeira and Lac des Oiseaux in June and July,
1896. Mr. Eaton remarks that the species is gregarious in habit. The
females have the wings entirely hyaline.

N.B. — De Selys (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxxi, p. 23), possibly copying from
Brauer (Verhandl. z.-b. Gcsell. Wien, xviii, p. V36), used the specific name " uni-
fasciata, Oliv.," for this insect. There is no such name in the Encyc. Method.,
and I know not where else to look for it. Rambur's unifasciata is the same species,
but his name was original.

Oetheteum teinaceia, Selys. — Lac Tonga, Lac Houbeira and
La Calle in July, 1896, seven examples.

N.B. — This species was placed in Lepthemis by Brauer ; latterly it has been
located in Orthetrum, which is nearer its proper position. But it (and others) will
probably be found hereafter in a new genus, differing from Orthetrum typically in
having the sectors of the triangle in the posterior wings distant at their origin.

Calvert (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xviii, p. 127) calls attention to the fact that
Karsch (Ent. Nachr., xvii, p. 59) differentiates Orthetrum by {inter alia) its
having the above-mentioned sectors separated at their origin, but in error, for in
typical Orthetrum (Newman) such a condition only occurs accidentally. In examin-
ing a very large number of specimens of European species, I find this condition to
exist in only about one per cent.

In Lib. Sabina, Drury, which used also to be placed in Lepthemis, but now in
Orthetrum, in all examples from Asia (therefore typical) and Polynesia these sectors

154 [J«iy.

are widely separated at their origin, and in the genitalia of the second segment there
is a pencil of stiff hairs on either side of the anterior lobe, as described by Hagen
(Revue Odon., p. 289) in ampullacea, Schnd. (a synonym of Sahina). But in the
African examples to which Selys (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxxi, p. 22) gave the varietal
name of " afrlcana," the sectors under consideration arise practically from the same
point, and there is no pencil of hairs on the genitalia of the second segment, thus
proving that the two forms are not only distinct as species, but will probably
eventually be placed in different genera.

Ortheteum chrtsostigma, Burm. (harhara, Selys). — Biskra,
May 20th, 1894 ; Aiu Kriar, June 20th, 1S96 ; Lac des Oiseaux, June
25th, 1896; La Calle, July 15th, 1896; five examples in all, varying
in size.

Orthetrum Eamburii, Selys. — Nearly twenty-five examples,
varying very much, from Biskra, various dates in May, 1894, and Ain
Kriar, June 20th, 1896. These are a puzzling lot, but I think I have
correctly identified the greater part of the males by the genitalia of
the second segment ; one or two proved uncertain (owing perhaps to
individual conditions at the time they were captured). One very im-
mature female, presumably belonging here, has the costal portion of
the wings strongly tinged with yellow (it may be ccerulescens, F.). O.
Hamhurii is the nearest ally of 0. coerulescens ; the latter is reported
from Algei'ia, but I have seen no specimens from that quarter that I
can refer to it with certainty.

Orthetrum cancellatum, L. — La Calle, June 16th, 1896 ; Lac
Houbeira, first half of July, seven examples.

Orthetrum kitidinerve, Selys. — Biskra, May 18th, 1894 ; Con-
stantine, first half of June, 1894 ; Ain Kriar, second half of June,
1896 ; seven examples. In immature females the body is ochreous
and almost entirely without mai'kings.

Sub-fam. GOMPHIN^.

ONTCHoaoMPHUS FORCiPATUs, L. — Two ^ from Constantine, June
]2th, 1894, and June 6th, 1895. These may be regarded as of the
" race meridionale," but the amount of dark coloration on the abdo-
men, &c., is greater than in most examples from the south of Europe.

Ontchogomphus Cost,!:, Selys {Genei ^ , Selys, olim). — I have
before me six ^ and two ? from Biskra in May and June, and Con-
stantine in June. The general ground colour is pale ochreous, and
the brown markings on the thorax are sometimes scarcely visible ; in
very adult individuals the thorax becomes whitish pulverulent. The
legs remain wholly pale, excepting a short brownish or blackish line
on the femora externally near the apex.

1897.] 155

In the ^ there arc 10-13 antcnodals and 6-7 postnodals in the anterior wings.
The size varies as follows: — posterior wing 21-27 mm., abdomen (cum append.)
30-34i mm. ; the examples from Constantino are larger than those fi'om Biskra.

? (not hitherto described). Generally as in tlie (? (the bands of the thorax
wholly wanting in one individnal). Occiput hardly differing from that of the ^.
The blackish articulations of the segments of the abdomen, and false sutures, less
marked than in the J . Margins of the 8th segment only slightly dilated laterally.
Appendages longer than the 10th segment, yellow, straight, lanceolate, very acute ;
between them is a shorter, conical, yellow process. Vulvar scale yellow, small and
short, deeply notched in the middle, the sides forming short cones. 9-11 antenodals
and 7-9 postnodals in anterior wings. Length of posterior wing, 27 mm. ; abdomen,
33 mm. (both examples are from Constantine).

Ontchogomphus Genei, Selys. — Three (^ and two $ from Biskra
in April, May and June, and ^ and ? from Lac Houbeira. At first
I was disposed to consider the examples from the separate localities
represented two distinct species, those from Biskra having the abdo-
iKen less darkly marked, and there is no dark hand on the top of the
front before the ocelli ; to these I was inclined to apply the name Genei
(as represented by the original type from Sicily), and this opinion was
strengthened by the fact that one ? has the small black teeth on either
side of the edge of the occiput as mentioned for the type (Mon.
Gomph., p. 52), but these teeth are absent in the other $ from the
same locality, which otherwise is similar. The examples from Lac
Houbeira I inclined to consider 0. Hagenii, Selys (with excelsus, Costa,
as a sononym). In these the abdomen is somewhat heavily marked
"with black, there is a hroad blackish ba?id at the top of the front before
the ocelli (no trace of teeth on the edge of the occiput in the $ ), and
the characters generally are as in Costa's types of O. excelsus (from
the island of Sardinia), from which O. Hagenii (type from Abyssinia)
seems to differ only in the abdomen being still more blackish at the
extremity. Also it is possible that the inferior appendage (seen from
beneath) is rather more dilated at its extremity in these latter
examples.

In all the foregoing the superior appendages are truncate and
slightly excised* at the tips if viewed from beneath.

N.B.- — The Upper Egyptian and Nubian 0. pumilio, Rb., is distinct ; apart
from its small size and pale colour, the tips of the superior appendages are entire or
acute, the inferior appendage sliglitly different, and there is a marked difference in
the form of the anterior lobe in the genitalia of the second segment.

I think it will eventually be proved that Genei, excelsus and Hagenii are local
races of one species ; that excelsus is more allied to Hagenii than to Genei ; and
that both Genei and excelsus (as races) occur in Algeria.

* Not /fplit a.s is represented in Hagen's figure (Mon. Gomph., pi. 3, fig. ie).

15G [J"iy.

GoMPHUS LucASiT, Selja.— Constantinc, end o£ May aud first
half of June, two (^ , three $ .

Sub-fam. .ESCHNINtE.

Anax roEMOSUS, v. d. L.— Medea, pond W. of Oued Gargua,
about 2000 feet, July 5th, 1893 ; Biskra, April 14th, 1894 ; Lac Hou-
beira, July 3rd, 1890.

tEschna CYAj!ficA, Milll., variety (or aberration ?). — Azazga, Sep-
tember 13th, 1893, one S-

This example is in several respects aberrant. On the face the nasus is wholly
fuliginous, except at the sides ; the black T-spot on the top of the front has its head
exti'etnely broad : the principal triangles are symmetrically four-celled in the an-
terior wings and three-celled in the posterior, in each case the horizontal nervule
dividing the first cellule being absent : the anal triangle in the posterior wings is
symmetrically only two-celled, owing to the absence of the perpendicular nervule
dividing the upper half. The spots on the thorax above are reduced in size. But
in the markings of the abdomen, and in anal structure, it is absolutely typical.

tEschna affinis, v. d. L. — Ain Kriar and La Calle in June,
common.

^SCHNA EUFESCENS, V. d. L. — Ain Kriar, June 20th, 1896,
common.

Sub-fam. CALOPTERYGIN^.

Caloptertx HiEMOERnoiDALTS, v. d. L. — A few examples, Biskra,
May, 1894 ; Constantino, May, 1895 ; Le Tarf and Lac Houbeira,
July, 1896.

Caloptertx exul, Selys. — About a dozen examples of this sin-
gular form (the wings being hyaline in both sexes) from the same
locality near Constantino in which it was originally found by Lucas
more than fifty years ago.

Sub-fam. AGEIONIN.E.

Platycnemis subdilatata, Selys. — Constantino, June 12th,
1894 ; Biskra, May 20th, 1894 ; Oued Bou Sba, June 2nd, 1896 ; Le
Tarf, June 16th, 1896 ; Mines of Kef Oum Teboul, July 16th, 1896 ;
Lac Houbeira, July 11th, 1896. I have before me 12 ^^ and 4 ? ,

N.B. — The specimens indicated above vary very much. As in pennipes. Pall.,
there are two main varieties, and evidently quite independent of locality or season.
But there is no blue variety of subdilatata ; the ground colour of this is whitish,
differing in the presence or absence of dark bands on the abdomen ; intermediate
conditions exist. Most, not all, of the females have no dark abdominal bands except
at the apex. I think it would be very diiEcult to separate the pale form of the (J of
pennipen from that o{ subdilatata if unaccompanied by the ? , and with no stated
locality, for I fail to realize the given character that the superior appendages in
subdilatata are more deeply bifid.

1897.] ]57

IsCHNUEA Graellsii, Rbr. {maroccana, Kolbe). — Apparently
generally distributed in May, June and July. About 25 examples.

N.B. — After a comparison of specimens from Portugal, Marocco and Algeria, I
have arrived at the conclusion tliat A. maroccana, Kolbe, is not distinct. I alluded
to this subject in 1889 {of. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv, p. 349) when writing on some
Odonata from Marocco, and I then called attention to a valuable observation by
Kolbe on the structure of the dorsum of the 2nd abdominal segment. I find it
occurs in both sexes, and to a smaller extent also in /. Oenei, but not in elegans or
seneffalensis.

Enallagma ctathigerum, Charp. — Constantine, May 28th,
1895, one (^ .

Ageion Lindenii, Selys. — Le Tarf, Lac des Oiseaux, Oued Bou
Sba, and other places in the district, in June and July, seven ^ .

Ptrehosoma tekellum, Vill. — Ain Kriar and Mines of Kef
Oum Teboul in June and July. The only ? is of the var. in which
segments 1. 2, 3 (except at apex), 8, 9 and lU of the abdomen are red,
and all the others black, above.

Lestes vieidis, v. d. L. — Constantine, October 14th and No-
vember 6th, 1894, two S ■

Lestes vieens, Charp. — Medea, July 5th, 1893 ; Constantine,
October 11th, 1891; Bone, June, 1896; Lac des Oiseaux, June 15th.
1896 ; Le Tarf, June 17th, 1896 ; apparently common.

The only example from Constantine is a <? in which the green of the body is
replaced by bronzy-black (almost as in Sympycna), with a cupreous tinge on the
broad infra-humeral area ; otherwise normal.

Lestes baebaea, F. — Medea, July 5th, 1893 ; Constantine, May
25th, 1895 ; Lac des Oiseaux, June 15th, 1896 ; Le Tarf, June 17th,
1896.

Sympycna fusca, v. d. L. — Bone, Constantine and Biskra, in
January, February, June and October. Common.
Lewisham, London : April, 1897.

P.S. — An excursion to Ain Drahan in Tunisie on July 21st, L896,
produced the following, viz., Orthetrum Hamburii, 0. nitidinerve, Ca-
lopteryx hcdmorrlioidalis, Agrion Lindenii and Lestes virens, one example
of each.

Chrysopa flava, 'Scop., in South Australia. — In a small collection of Neuroptera
from Adelaide, sent to me for determination, I find an undoubted <? of this common
British species, which seems to have established itself there, and will no doubt
prove beneficial. Probably it was introduced (in the pupa stage ?) with plants from
England or some other part of Eui'ope. But Australia has many native species of
ChrysopidcB, whereas they are unaccountably absent in New Zealand. — R. McLach-
lAN, Lewisham, London : May \st, 1897.

158 [July,

Early appearance of Formica rufa. — Does Mr. Bigncll intenrl to convey that
April 22nd is an early date for the emergence of the winged females of this species
{vide ante p. 141) ? If so, he is undoubtedly correct ; but if, on the other hand (as
the heading would show), he considers it early for the whole species, he is at least a
month too late. I have watched a very strong colony of this most interesting
species for the last five years, and can testify that the date of emergence of the 5 a
(as much farther north as is Ipswich) is never later than the end of March : they
were fetching and carrying in full force on March 23rd, 1895. The winged S s and
? 8 are generally to be met with from the middle to the end of May, but are rarely
seen during the heat of the day, unless the nest be disturbed. Perhaps Mr. Saunders
can tell us why this species periodically deserts its nests in the late autumn and is
found to possess a brand new one, with all parts complete, some twenty yards or so
distant the next spring ? Possibly because they want more " elbow room." — Claude
MoELET, Everton House, Ipswich : June, 1897.

[Forel, in his " Fourmis Suisses," mentions that Formica rufa occasionally moves
away from its old nest and constructs another, but he does not mention any periodical
movement of this sort. It would be very interesting to know whether these move-
ments are yearly, and if so, for how many years they have been observed. I think
Mr. Bignell in his note probably only alluded to the time of appearance of the
female ; the workers, as Mr. Morley rightly remarks, are much earlier in appearing.
— E. S.].

An assemblage of parasitic Hymenoptera in Devonshire. — On May 5th I was
wandering through an oak coppice, Bickleigh Woods ; the buds on the oaks were
bursting and the rudimentary leaves protruding, but not enough to give shelter to any
flies. I, however, came to a small beech, about six feet high in full leaf, the number
of leaves I should say did not exceed eighty ; to my astonishment it was literally
covered with ichneumons ; I boxed about eighty, some of the captures are certainly
worth recording. I visited the spot three days after, and still the little tree
attracted some dozens under the shelter of its leaves, the only leaf shelter to be
obtained for a considerable distance from the cold winds and heavy rainy clouds
which threatened to deluge the earth at any moment.

Eumesius albitarsus, Curt. — I believe this apparently rare species has not been
taken in England since Curtis's time ; he says, " This remarkable genus is so ex-
ceedingly rare that only three specimens of the first species {crassicornis, Grav.)
have been discovered, and but one each of the others {serricorm's, Hal., and albi-
tarsus, Curt.), and the females are unknown," plate 660, 1837. J. Giraud, however,
appears to have taken two specimens (male and female) in Austria, 1857, and
described both.

On May 5th I obtained three males, on the 8th four males and four females,
and on the 11th six of each sex, making a total of twenty-three. A change in the
weather took place, the bright suimy days following expanded the oak leaves and
plenty of shelter was soon at hand.

For the benefit of those interested I will mention the difference between tlie
sexes, which is very little : — the antcnnte in the female are compressed as in the
male, but only slightly dilated ; the yellow markings on head and thorax and the

1897.] 159

white hind tarsi of the male are wanting in the female, all these are blaek ; the base
of the abdomen, as in the male, is black ; the other segments a brighter eolour, and
may be ealled red ; the red at the apex of the first segment is rather broader, and
there are four black dots on the second and two on the third and fourth ; OTipositor
concealed.

When I obtained these I also got several larvre of Asteroscopus sphinx (=
Petasia cassinea), each with seven to nine white eggs on the surface of the skin ; I
had an idea that these might produce E. albitarsus, but, unfortunately, they shed
their skins about four days after, removing the eggs in the operation.

Phtjtodietus vetulus, Gr., was the most abundant in the above assemblage, for I
boxed forty-three males and twenty-three females ; my first acquaintance with this
species.

Ichneumon fabricator, Fab. — This species came next in the order of numbers ;
these, however, were all males.

Acampsis alternipes, Nees. — This is a new genus and species to the British list
of Braconidce. I secured them in the same locality as mentioned above, on May
8th and 11th ; ten males and five females {vide ante, p. 150).

Perilampus violaceus, Dalm. — This beautiful Chalcid, I obtained on May 11th,
three specimens ; Colonel Yerbury kindly sent me one he captured in the New
Forest on June 13th, 1894. This species looks quite out of place in our variable
climate, having quite the appearance of an exotic production. — G. C. Bignell, Stone-
house, Plymouth : June 8th, 1897-

Saturnia pavonia feeding on Phamnus frangida. — I found a colony of this larva,
about to moult for the third time, on Rhamnus frangula near Virtuous Lady Mine
on the 8th inst. — Id.

TcBtiiocampa miniosa on bramble and blacMhorn. — A larva of this species was
discovered by Mr. F. C. Lemann spun up for the third moult in a terminal shoot of
bramble, no oak occurring for some distance. The same afternoon I beat one out of
bramble. — Id.

The Cimex in the nests of domestic fowls. — M&nj years ago the late Dr. Power
told me that a correspondent had informed him that he once saw a number of
Cimiees in the nests of his hens, but no specimens were sent ; so the matter
passed, and, as far as I know, the subject has never since been noticed. Flor, in his
" Khynchoten Livlands " (i, 673, 1860), under Acanthia lectularia, after saying that
this " lastige Wanze ist ein treuer Begleiter des Menschen wo dieser seinen Wohnsitz
aufgeschlagen hat," observes (p. 674), " Sie halt sich, wie man versichert, audi in
Tauben-und-Hiihnerstallen (pigeon and henhouses) auf." This shows that the
species, now well known to be distinct, C. columbarius, was not differentiated. And
as there is still no certainty what the species in fowls' nests really is, I venture to ask
any who may possess or have access to fowl-houses to investigate the matter, secure
any examples of Cimex they may find, and send them (dead) to an expert for scien-
tific examination. — J. W. DoUGLAS, 153, Lewisham Koad, S.E. : June 13th, 1897.

160 [July.

Muscular energy in a Tipula's leg after death. — A curious case of muscular
energy came under my notice last year, of which I made a careful note, but until I
found it again a few days ago I had forgotten to record it. A daddy longlegs flying
round the lamp in my brother's room one evening, dropped one of its legs. This
fell on a piece of paper, and my brotlier noticed that it continued to move ; so he
watched it, and for more than an hour (in fact, till he left it and went off to bed) it
kept up a rythmical contraction of the tarsal joints towards the tibifE, 85 times a
minute. I do not know if similar cases have been recorded, but I thought it was
worth notice. The leg was entire, having been broken off at the coxa. — Edwaed
Saundees, St. Ann's, Woking : June 12th, 1897.

[An experience of my own may be relegated to the same class of reflex pheno-
mena. Having struck at a large ^schna at rest on a twig, the head was seen to
tumble down, whereas the rest of the insect flew away in an undecided manner for a
considerable distance. Upon picking up the head I noticed that the insect had been
eating a fly at the time. The mandibles continued working as if nothing had
happened, and the masticated portions of the fly passed out at the back of the head.
— E. McLachlan].

Medon ripicola and Scopceus sulcicollis at Pit/mouth. — Mr. A. Ford having
been good enough to send me an example of the first-named insect, I at once
suspected that I had a full series of the beetle, taken some years ago, doing duty in
my collection as Lithocharis ochracea. On forwarding a few of them to Mr. G. C
Champion he kindly confirmed my suspicion. I have recently taken some thirty
specimens of it, and in tlie same locality a single example of Scopceus sulcicollis,
also named by Mr. Champion. — J. H. Keys, 1, Sea View Avenue, Lipson, Plymouth :
June 1st, 1897.

Hydroporus marginatus,Dufts.,in Hampshire. — I had a day or two's collecting
at Chilbolton, near Stockbridge, in Hampshire, at Easter, and was fortunate enough
to find a fresh locality for this species. It occurred plentifully in very small rain
water ponds which were quite dried up at the end of May, while at Ramsbury I
have always found it in running water. I have some specimens to spare for any
friends who may wish to have the species, if they will write to me for it. — R. W.
Lloyd, St. Cuthbert's, Thurleigh Road, Balham, S.W. : June 11th, 1897.

Harpalus cupreus at Sandown, I. W. — After an interval of eight years I have
had an opportunity of going to Sandown to see if I could again find Harpalus
cupreus, Stepli., and Cathormiocerus socius. Boh. I was fortunate enough to obtain
a few specimens of each species at the old localities, but it was exceedingly hard
work, as they both seemed much rarer than formerly. — Id.

An afternoon among the Coleoptera in the Chatham district. — Saturday, June
12th, was an ideal summer's day — calm, hot, and cloudless — and as the afternoon
was at my disposal, I resolved to make the most of it in the way of collecting.

1897.] IGI

Arriving at Snodland soon after mid-day, I commenced operations by taking Donacia
ajffinis freely on rushes, within five minutes' walk of the railway station ; and by
sweeping the luxuriant herbage in the damp thickets and meadows close to the
town, the following species were obtained, among many others : — Ceuthorrhynchus
tirticce (4), on Stachjjs, as before : this is a curiously local species, occurring in only
one spot a few yards in extent ; 3Ialac7iius marginellus, six examples by brushing
flowers, besides one or two more lost by reason of its extreme activity in the net ;
Anthocomus fasciatus, Telephorus oralis and T. figuratus, Dryophilus pusillun,
Psylliodes picina, LimiwbarLi T-album, and Bagous alismatis (both common),
Rhinoncus gramineus, Poophagus siiymorli, Apion pubesrens and A. unirolor, &e.
About 4 p.m. I took the train back to Hailing, and walked across the chalk downs
to the south side of Cobham Park, taking on the way Melandrya caraboides (new
to my local list) , R hag onycka unicolor, Ceuthorrhynchidius nigrinus, Ceuthorrhynchux
asperifoliarum, and Thyamis exoleta, on Echium, the latter literally in thousands,
Lamprosoma concolor, Apion Spencei (common on Mercurialis perennis), Liodes
orbicularis, and a single example of Dryoccetes coryli. Arriving at Cobham Park,
a pair of the scarce and pretty little Trachys pumila was a welcome sight in the
sweeping-net, it being new to the district ; and while brushing about in the hope of
finding more, Homalota scapularis (several), Throscus carinifrons, Plagiogonvs
arenarius, Anisotoma punctulata (several of both sexes), and Qymnetron melanarius
turned up, among others. Soon afterwards I made the best capture of the day, this
being an example of the very rare Mordella aculeata, which occurred by brushing long
grass at the edge of the Park. Returning through Cobham Great Wood, I had just
time (at the risk of missing my train home) to examine a few felled and barked oaks
at the Strood end, where Oxytelus insecatus, Pediacus dermestoides, Callidinm
variabile, and Acalles roboris made a good finish to a very satisfactory afternoon's
work.

I may here record the occurrence to me for the first time in the Chatham dis-
trict of HcBinoiiia Ciirtisi, having taken a few specimens at the end of May on
Potamogeton pectiuatus in a shallow ditch at Cuxton. As at Sheerness, it was
accompanied, but very sparingly, by Bagous limosus, Gryll. (petrosus, Wat. Cat.),
Dytiscus circumflexus, &c. — James J. Walkee, 23, Ranelagh Eoad, Sheerness:
June UtA, 1897-

The Entomological Society of London and Colonial Entomologists. — At a
Special Meeting of the Society held on June 2nd, an alteration in the Bye-Laws was
made, which should have the eifect of causing an influx of new Fellows resident in
our Colonies, &c. Hitherto all British subjects, whei-ever they were located, have
been liable for the Admission Fee of Two Guineas. Under the new rule British
subjects and foreigners alike residing permanently abroad are exempt from the Fee.
This we think is a salutary alteration, and one that should obviate what has often
been a source of misunderstanding. Of course it is prospective only, and does not
affect any existing Fellow ; neither does it concern any one one who, for pleasure or
profit, may be temporarily located out of the United Kingdom. — Eds.

1U2 i;''"iy'

Descriptive List of the British ANTHOMXiDiE : by R. H. Meade, F.R.C.S.
In two Parts, pp. 79, 8vo. London : Giirney and Jackson. 1897-

This is a Second Edition of tlie List published by Mr. Meade in this Magazine
for 1881 — 83, and revised to date. As the author is an acknowledged authority on
this special group of Diptera, it cannot fail in being useful. About 250 species are
tabulated and briefly described, contained in 32 genera. The addition of an Index
■would have rendered it more complete.

Economic Entomology for the Farmer and Fruit Grrower, and for use as a
Text Book in Agricultural Colleges and Schools : by John B. Smith, Sc.D. Pp.
481, 8vo. Philadelphia and London : J. B. Lippincott Company. 1896.

This is a general introduction to Entomology, in which the economic element
is more prominent than is usual in such works. It is divided into three parts, viz.,
"Structure and Classification," "The Insect World," and "Insecticides, Preven-
tives, and Machinery." Prof. Smith's name is sufficient guarantee for its general
accuracy, and it should prove useful as a Text Book for those pi'incipally interested.
Of course it is unequal, because some groups although large in extent have no special
economic bearing, and are passed over in few words in consequence. There are
nearly 500 illustrations (some of them whole page) in the text, most of them good,
many excellent. Almost all have done duty before, and for accuracy and beauty of
finish, none surpass those to which the familiar monogram of " C. V. R." is attached.
A very few are distinctly bad, such for instance as Nos. 41, 82, 191 and 473. And
we make bold to say that the perfect insect in fig. 44 has no connection other than
ordinal with the larva and case placed by its side, and that the name assigned to it
is wrong. The work should be in the library of all interested in Economic Ento-
mology as a book of reference.

ituari).

Dr. Fritz 3IuUer. — Johannes Friedrich Theodor Miiller (better known as " Fritz "
Miiller) died at Blumenau in the Province of Santa Catharina, Brazil, on ]May 21st.
He was the son of a clergyman, and was born at Windisch-Holzhausen on March
21st, 1822, and came of a family of Naturalists, of whom his younger brother
Hermann, who pre-deceased him, was one of the most prominent. Fritz was
educated for the medical profession, but appears to have settled down to scholastic
duties in Germany until about 1852, when he lost his appointment during the
political troubles of the time, and emigrated to the newly founded German colony
at Blumenau in Brazil, establishing himself as a farmer ; but he soon after accepted
a position as teacher of mathematics at Desterro, situated on an island close to the
Brazilian coast. He returned to Blumenau about 1867, and remained there until
his death. Long before proceeding to South America Miiller had made a reputation
for himself as an observant philosophical naturalist, and the luxuriance of animal
and vegetable life in his semi-tropical Brazilian home gave a strong impulse to his
studies in the same direction. In 1863 appeared his work " Fiir Darwin " (of which

1897.] 163

an English translation by Mr. Dallas was published in 1869, undei- the title, " Facts
and Arguments for Darwin "). Both he and his brother Hermann had early beeome
enthusiastic disciples of Darwin, and the latter regarded him as one of the first, if
not the first, of observers of the day. It may be said that his studies embraced the
whole field of zoology and botany, yet it was on insects that some of his most re-
markable observations were made, and several special papers on Diptera, Lepidoptera,
and Trichoptera could be mentioned as models of close and accurate biological
details. And naturally he laboured under considerable disadvantages owing to his
isolated position. This entailed much correspondence with specialists in Europe
and elsewhere, who recognised in him a man of genius of the first water, even if
they did not in all cases fall in with his philosophical views to the fullest extent.
His closely written letters, with explanatory drawings, were always full of interest.
His published papers at the time of his death probably numbered about 150, of
which some appeared in the Trans. Entomol. Society of London, of which he was
elected an Honorary Member in 1884. — R. McL.

Committee for Protection or Insects in danger of Extermination. —
At a Meeting of the Committee held on June 2nd, it was resolved that the following
species of Lepidoptera, being local species in danger of extermination, be more
particularly recommended for protection, in accordance with the final paragraph of
the Memorandum of Association : —

Papilio 3Iachaon, L., Leucophasia sinapis, L., Pieris cratagi, L., Melitcea
Athalia, Esp., Meliteea Ciiixia, L., Apatura Iris, L., Llmenitis Sibylla, L., Thecla
pruni, L., Polyommatus Avion, L., Cyclopides Paniscus, Fab., Hesperia Actceoti,
Esp., Ti'ochilium scoliarforme, Hlib., Zygcena meliloti, Esp., Zygana exulans, Hoch.,
Nola strigtda, Scliiff., Nola centonalis, Hiib., Nola albulalis, Hiib., Eulepia cribrum,
L., Porthesia chrysorrhcBa, L., Clisiocampa castrensis, L., Drepana sicula, Schiff.,
Dipthera Orion, Esp., Acosmetia caliginosa, Hiib., Dianthoecia irregularis, Hufn.,
Plusia orichalcea. Fab., Epione vespertaria, L., Fidonia conspicuata, Schiff., Scoria
dealbata, L., Cidaria reticulata. Fab., LitJiostege griseata, Schiff., Agrotera neino-
ralis, Scop., Pterophortts rhododactylus, Schiff.

Further resolved that a copy of this list be forwarded to every Society co-
operating with this Committee, with an explanation (where necessary) that the
Committee does not desire to hamper any local Society in any more stringent action
proposed to be taken by it for the protection of local species.

Also resolved that each such Society be invited to delegate one of its Members
■who shall be received as a Member of this Committee. — Chas. Gr. Barrett, Hon.
Secretary, 39, Linden Grrove, Nunhead, S.E.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
May 21th, 1897.— Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Bainbridge Prest, M.A., of Sydenham, was elected a Member.

164 !J"iy.

Mr. South exhibited a box of Tephrosirr, which lie had purposely mixed as
regards dates and localities ; he asked for information as to names, but no one
essayed to pick out the two forms. Mr. Auld, larvse of Boarmia roboraria and
Limenitis Sibylla from the New Forest, and also larvse of the two PhorodesmcB, P.
bajularia and P. smaragdaria, and remarked on the close similarity of the former
in its covering of oak remnants to the groups of brown scales enclosing the buds on
the oak twigs. Mr. Moore, male and female specimens of the remarkable Mexican
Pierid, Pifrisilia proterpia, a bright and rich orange-coloured insect. Mi. Tutt,
specimens of Ascalaphiis coccajus, a Neuropterous insect allied to the Ant Lions
from Digne, with notes on its histojy, variation and occurrence ; it was originally
described as a butterfly. Mr. Edwards, a living Mantis sent from Cannes by Dr.
Chapman ; he had had it some six weeks, and it fed readily upon small cockroaches
and flies ; he also showed young larvae of Saturnia pavonia, from ova laid by a female
taken at Digne. Mr. Adkin, series of Cidaria suffumata from various localities, in-
cluding Foi-res, Dover, Boxhill, and Loch Lagan ; those from the latter locality were
var. piceala. Mr. Tunaley, specimens of the resinous nodules of pine sent him from
Scotland, from which he had bred Hefinia reainella ; he also showed sections of the
Biime, and made remarks upon the peculiarities of the cocoon and the method of
emergence of the species. Dr. Cliapman exhibited among other insects a living
specimen of Charaxes Jaslus, which had just emerged from the pupa of a larva
taken at Cannes. Mr. Step communicated a short paper, entitled, "Note on a
Variety of Portumis marmoreus," a crab taken at Portscatho, and sent for exhibition
coloured drawings of the same. Mr. Tutt read a paper, entitled, " Spring Butterflies
on the Riviera," and exhibited a large number of species in illustration. — Henkt J.
Turner, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : June 2nd, 1897. — Mr. R. Teimen,
F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

The President referred to the great loss the Society had sustained by the
death of Dr. Fritz Miiller, one of its Honorary Fellows, and to his distinguished
services in the cause of entomological science, and especially in forwarding the theory
of the Origin of Species.

Dr. Chapman exhibited the larva of Eriocephala Allionella. Mr. Jacoby, a fine
example of the large Hepialid, Leto T'enux, from Plettenburg Bay, S. Africa. The
President said that the insect afforded an interesting ease of localized distribution,
being confined to an area of about fifty by fourteen miles, whereas the larva fed in
the wood of Virgilia capensis, a common and widely-distributed leguminous tree.
The insect was very conspicuous, and could not have been overlooked in other
localities. Mr- Burr, a pair of gynandromorphous earwigs, Chelisoches morio, Fabr.,
from Java, with ordinary males and females for comparison. In both specimens
the right branch of the forceps was of the male, and the left branch of the female
form. The lion. Walter Rothschild, a series of specimens of IJudamonia brachyura,
Drury, and E. Argiphontes, Kirby, to show the differences between these two West
African Saturniid moths. The distinctness of the latter species had been doubted,
as until recently it was only known by the unique examples in the Dublin Museum,

1897.] 165

and the three published figures of these were materially different from each other.
A comparison of the scries exhibited showed the two species to be abundantly dis-
tinct. Mr. Kirkaldy, fifty specimens of Notonecta glauca, Linn., to show the
extreme range in size and colour of this widely-distributed species. The discussion
on Mimicry and Homoeochromatism in Butterflies was then resumed by Dr. Dixey,
who replied to the comments of Prof. Poulton and Mr. Blandford on his paper. He
did not regard the phenomenon of reciprocal convergence as necessarily a demon-
strable feature in Miillerian mimicry; it was merely potential. With respect to
mimet'c Pieridcv, he did not consider that they were invariably protected, but that,
in certain cases, they were shown to be so by the indications of convergence
exhibited by the models. Mr. Elwes thought, from his personal experiments as a
collector, that there was too much assumption about both the Batesian and Miil-
lerian theories. In many supposed cases ho doubted whether the so-called models
were protected by taste or smell. He had previously referred to the extraordinary
superficial resemblance between two Fieridce found in the high Andes of Bolivia, and
two others found at similar elevations in Ladak, and was inclined to think that;
similar conditions of environment produced similar effects. Mr. J. J. Walker, Sir
George Hampson, and Col. Yerbury gave evidence, from personal experience in the
Tropics, as to the extreme rarity of butterfly-destruction by birds. The President
admitted its rarity in Africa, but stated that he had seen birds, especially the Drongo
shrike, chasing butterflies. Mr. Blandford called attention to a recent paper by
M. Piepers, who, as the result of twenty-eight years' observation in the Malay
region, had seen four instances only of butterflies, two of which belonged to the
" protected " genus Euplcea, being attacked by birds, and had been driven to the
conclusion that the phenomena of mimicry had nothing to do with natural selection.
Papers were communicated by the Rev. F. D. Morice, on " New or little known
SphegidcB from Egypt ;" and by Prof. A. R. Grote, on " Changes in the Structure of
the Wing of Butterflies." A Special Meeting was then held at which the proposed
amendments and additions to the Society's bye-laws were adopted. — W. F. H.
Blandford and F. Meerifield, Hon. Secretaries.

OBSERVATIONS ON COCCIDJS (No. 16).

BY R. NEWSTEAD, F.E.S.,

CURATOR OF THE GROSVENOR MUSEUM, CHESTER.

The following observations apply chiefly to a small, but remarkable,
collection of Coccidcs found associated with ants in various parts
of the world, which were kindly sent to me by E. Wasmann, of
Exaeten, near Koermond, Netherlands, early in the spring of 1896.
Yery little can be said of the external coverings of the insects, as
they were all preserved in spirit.

TTLOCOCCIJS, n. g.

? adult with a series of large, projecting, marginal tubercles ; anal tubercles
large. Anal ring and antennae as in Dactylopius.

166

[July,

Tylococcus madagascaeie>'sis, n. sp.

? adult (fig. 1) ovate, frequently narrowed behind ; at the extreme margin of
the body a series of 29 — 31 large projecting
tubercles (fig. 2), each bearing at the extremity
several short stiff spines, and at the sides a
few fine hairs and small circular spinnerets.
Anal lobes, a little larger than those at the
margin, have a single long hair at the apex,
and a few short spines. Antennae (fig. 3) of
8 joints ; 3 and 8 longest ; 1 and 2 a little
shorter and widest ; 4, 5, 6, and 7, shortest
and equal ; all with a few fine short hairs
Mentum biarticulate, has many fine hairs at
the apes. Legs stout, shorter than antennae ;
digitules very slender. Anal ring with six very long hairs. Dermis above with four
large eye-like glands : two above the rostrum, and two on the penultimate segment.

Long., 150 — 2 mm.

Hah. : Madagascar, in iiests of Crematogaster ScheiiJci, For. This
most remarkable insect clearly belongs to the DactyJopiidoe, and is
unique in having the large marginal tubercles.

Dacttlopius hirsutus, n. sp.

? adult short-ovate. Antennae (fig. 1) of 8 joints ; 4, 5, and 6 shortest, and
in length equal ; 8 much the longest, and slightly fusiform. Mentum biarticulate,
long, conical, with three or four long hairs at apex, and one or two at the sides ;
unexpanded filaments a little longer than mentum.
Legs short, stout, about one-third longer than antennae,
with a few short isolated hairs ; digitules of the tarsi
simple ; those of the claw more dilated and stouter.
Anal ring with six long hairs. Anal lobes minute, each
with a number of hairs of the same length as those of
the anal ring ; the usual long hairs are wanting in all
the specimens examined. There are two large eye-like
glands just behind the antennae, and two on the last abdo-
minal segment. Dermis above thickly set with long fine
hairs. Long., 2 — 2"50 mm.

? second stage short-ovate, attenuated beln'nd. Antennre of 6 joints, of which
the last is much the longest and widest. Mentum biarticulate. Anal lobes normal ;
each with a single long hair, and several others almost as long. Anal ring of six
hairs. Dermis above with fewer, but longer, hairs than those in the adult ; those at
the margin still longer, and almost forming a fringe. Dorsal glands as in the adult.
Larva with very long hairs at margin and on the dermis above ; those of the
latter forming three broad longitudinal lines.

Hah. : Bombay district, in a hollow bamboo, with nests of Cre-
matogaster sp., and Sima nigra, J.

Collected by Mr. Eob. Ch. Wroughton.

18517.]

16:

&i^- </'■?/•

The hirsute character of the dermis, and the unique habitat, are
the distinguishing features of this species.

RiPEBSIA rORMICICOLA.

Rqjersia fonnicicola, Maskell, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 1891, p. 38.

The examples before me show a great variation in size, and in the
character of the antennae. The smallest specimens (1-25 mm. long)
have comparatively long 6-jointed antennae (fig. 1). A second form,
about the same size as the preceding, presents 7-
jointed antennae ; each joint being clear and distinct.
And a third form, much larger (2-50 mm. long), has
shorter antennae (fig. 2) and legs. Mr. Maskell's de-
scription {I. c), and some specimens he has sent me,
agree in every way with the small examples desci'ibed
above, which, I presume, are second stage ? , or early
adults. The example having 7-jointed antennae may
be an intermediate form ; and the larger specimens are,
I presume, the old adults.

The specimens were collected by Mr. "W. W. Smith in nests of
Monomorium nitidum at Ashburton, New Zealand.

I have also two early adult ? , taken by Mr. R. C. Wroughton in
company with Icerya fonnicnrum, and Grematognster suhiuda, M. ;
this is the first recorded occurrence of the species outside New
Zealand.

The figures are drawn to one and the same scale.

ElPERSIA EUROP^A, n. Sp.
$ adult widely ovate, densely clothed with white mealy wax ; segmentation
more or less distinct. Antennae (fig. la) of 6 joints ; 3 and 6 are longest, and in
length nearly equal ; 4 and 5 equal, and much the shortest ; all with long fine hairs.
Mentum doubtfully biarticulate, thickly set with long hairs. Legs ordinary;
anterior pair shortest ; tibiae wide ; upper digitules wanting ; lower pair simple,
slender hairs. Anal ring with six long hairs ; intervening spaces with a double
circle of minute tubercles ; those of the inner circle longest. Anal lobes minute;
each with a single long hair, and several minute ones, and a number of rather large
circular spinnerets. Dermis above crowded with small circular spinnerets and
minute hairs. Long., 1—1-50 mm.

Hah.: Guernsey (W. A. Luff, 1895); Watville, Guernsey
(Brockton Tomlin, August, 1896), on roots of various plants in ants'
nests. Near Rheim, Grermany (E. Wasmann, 1896), with Lasius
alienus,Y.

Mr. Tomlin says : " The Coccid is very plentiful under stones in

168

[July, 1897

ants' nests for about a mile on both sides of S. Sampson's harbour."
And, in reply to a letter in reference to the habits of this species and
R. Tomlinii, Newst., Mr. Tomlin sent the following interesting com-
munication : "I have visited Moulin Haet, the original locality of B.
Tomlinii, and secured a supj)ly of what I talis to be that species.
They live high up on the cliffs in the nests of a largish black ant,
though I found some under stones where there was never an ant to
view. On the other hand, the species I sent last week (iJ. europcua)
lives under atones, loithin a few yards of high-water mark ; the ant is
different, and though there are nests of two or three other species of
ants living all along the shore as plentifully as this kind, yet the
Coccid never favours their nests, as far as I could discover (and I
made a point of ascertaining this). The ants show great eagerness
in carrying them off, and are very reluctant to relinquish their burden.
What strikes me particularly about this insect is the way it occurs on
the under surface of the bare stones. I turned up one yesterday
with between 40 and 50 of all sizes dotted about the stone. It is
infrequent in the actual nest on plant stems, though I have secured an
example of this habitat to send you." August 26th, 1896.

KlPERSIA TUAIIDA, n. sp.

9 adult ovate, tumid, and extended behind. Antennae (fig. 1) of 7 joints ; the
last longest and fusiform ; 2, 3, and 4 shorter and subequal ;
5 and 6 shortest. Mentum biarticulate ; filaments short.
Legs rather long, slender; tarsi short ; a little more than a
third the length of the tibise ; digitulcs absent, but they
may have been broken away, as a slight scar was traceable
at the point where they are usually attached. Anal lobes
obsolete ; and in the specimens before me there are no hairs
to indicate the position of the lobes. Anal ring large, with
six long hairs. Dermis above almost hairless ; but with
many circular spinnerets placed very close together.

Long., 275— 3-50 ; wide, 1-75— 2-50 mm.
? , second stage. Mentum biarticulate ; filaments a
little longer than mentum. Antennae (fig. 2) of 6 joints ; 3 and 6 are longest ; 2
as long as 4 and 5 together. Anal lobes minute. The latter and each abdominal
segment at the margin with a few minute spines.

Hah. : Flemcen, Algeria, with Gamponotus Etlii, var. concolor,
For. M. Forel collector.

The seven-jointed antenna?, and the tumid character of the body,
are the distinguishing features of this species. The absence of hairs
on the anal lobes may be of importance; but my series is much too
small to be certain of the constancy of this character.

of/g.a //^./.

A-Ji'ii-st, lS!>r

1G9

TCEETA FORMICARUM, 11. sp.

opaque

P 3rd stage (fig. 1) short-ovate. Dermis ahove deiisely clothed with very long
hairs, and has very nmny large circular spiunerets (fig. 3). Antenna (fig. -)

of six joints, 1 to 5 tapering, and of these 3 is the longest, 6 longest of all ; each
ioint, with a few short hairs and the last with three or four long ones Legs
trong, opaque, much longer than the antenn., and with n.any long ha.rs ; d.g.tules
to claws and tarsi replaced by simple fine hairs. Eyes subcon.cal, placed close to
the base of the antenna.. Kostrum very short, apparently b.art.cu ate ; apex at
each side with three or four long, broad, bifurcate hairs (fig. 4). Anal nng simple,
without hairs, but the dermal hairs surrounding it more """"^^^^^j! ^^^^^ ^.^^ ^^

Larva (fig. 5) short-ovate ; eyes, antenna, and hairs, semi-opaque, brown Eyes
as mthe ? described above. Antenn. (fig. 6) six-jointed ; joint 1 very broad;
2, 3, 4 and 5 almost equal in length ; 6 club-shaped and
longer than 4 and 5 together, has four very long hairs
and numerous shorter ones ; there are several short hairs
on the other joints. Mentum apparently inonomerous,
has the bifurcated hairs at apex as in the ? . Legs
normal. Anal ring simple. The six caudal hairs are
,. very long and stout. Dermis almost covered with hairs,
as in the ? .

Rah. : Bombay District, in company with
Bipersia formicicola, Maskell, in nests of
^ Crematogaster subnuda, Mz. Collected by Mr.
jf^'^''- R. C. Wrougbton.
TbTdiicovery of a subterranean Icerga associated with ants is
very remarkable indeed ; were it not for this fact 1 should certainly
not have established a new species from the material at hand. At
the same time the characters are distinct,audlfeel justified in d.scnbmg

170

it. Icerya Palmeri, R. and H. (Insect Life, Vol. iii, p. lOi), was
established from similar material, but the habitat was in no way
remarkable.

Kekmes, sp. ?
A single ? taken at Perregaux, Algeria, with Aphcenogaster
testaceopilosa, L. The specimen was of small size, perfectly spherical,
and of a brilliant crimson colour. It is not possible to determine the
species or to describe it.

KERMICUS, 11. y.

? . Insect in all stages with the anal lobes perfectly obsolete.
? . Adult apparently naked, apodous, and without antennsB ; anal ring with
many hairs ; nientum monomerous.

Kermicus Wroughtoxi, n. sp.

$ . Adult hemi8])herical, shining, piceous ; surface very finely rugose under the
microscope, margins with large irregular depressions ; venti-al surface very flat and

"^W

<F^S-

W>^f

covered with a layer of white secretion ; segments above widely separated and faintly
indicated, beneath they are very narrow and sharply defined. On the ventral
surface, between the thoracic and first abdominal segment, on each side, a large,
almost hemispherical, tubercle. Kostrum lying in an ovate cavity or recess.
Spiracles opening info large depressions. The foregoing characters are external and
can be seen without preparation. After treatment with potash and viewed by
transmitted light, the ventral ai'ea appears as shown in fig. 1. At A. A. are seen
tlie ventral tubercles with their strong internal walls. Mentum monomerous ;
filaments short, resting in a cavity formed in the chitinous wall of the thoracic and
first abdominal segment. At the base of the rostrum are two large elongated glands
(fig. 2) with faintly reticulated surface, and above them several others of the same
structure, but smaller and of irregular outline. Spiracles (fig. 3) very large. Dermis
thickly set with circular glands of various sizes. Anal ring very small, with 17
hairs. Diam., 10 m.m. High, 4 50 m.m.

$ . Second stage closely resembling the adult, but the segmentation above more
pronounced and the colour pale yellowish-brown.

Diam., 2-50—4 m.m. High, 1-50—2 mm.

Larva (fig. 4) ovate. AntennjE (fig. 5) of 7 joints ; 1st much the widest, and

1807.] 171

about the same length as the last ; 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of equal length. Rostrum short,
apparently monomerous. Anal ring with 17 hairs, 9 on one half, 8 on the other.
Legs ordinary, digitules simple. Margin with a fringe of very long hairs, and the
dorsum above is almost covered with much shorter ones.

Hah. : Bombay District, attended by Pecophylla smaragdria, F.,
where it was collected by Mr. E. C. Wroughton. The name of the
food-plant is not given.

Externally the adult ? bears a very strong resemblance to a
Kermes, but the absence of anal lobes in all stages of the $ precludes
it from that genus. The character of the larva, too, is very marked,
and its 7-jointed antennae are abnormal, but I do not think we can
consider such a character of generic importance, as some ^ larvae are
said to possess the same number of joints to the antennae. At the
same time all my examples present 7-jointed antennae ; the character,
therefore, must be common to both sexes.

Chester : November, 1896.

HARP ALUS EUFICORNIS, ¥., DESTRUCTIVE TO RIPE
STRAWBERRIES.

BY ROBERT McLACHLAK, F.R.S., &c.

It is now at least ten years since this very common " Ground
Beetle " was first sent to me as destructive to strawberries. At first
I was thoroughly incredulous, and inclined to think it was in search
of other creatures which were the real depredators. There now seems
to be no doubt of the truth of the accusation.

In the No. of this Magazine for December, 1895 (p. 283), Canon
Fowler mentions that Miss Ormerod had sent him examples of the
beetle for determination, with a note that it was destructive to straw-
berries. In the Journal of the Eoyal Agricultural Society for
December, 1895, Mr. Cecil Warburton, Zoologist to the Society, enters
at some length into the question.

This summer the attacks seem to be most serious, and I hear of
growers for market who have lost nearly all their crops from this
cause. The beetles do not appear to eat the flesh of the fruit, but
extract the juice till the berries collapse. There can, I think, be no
doubt that the presence of the beetles is more or less directly con-
nected with the '' mulch " or litter placed round the plants, primarily
as manure, and secondly to prevent the ripe fruit from touching the
ground (Mr. "Warburton has already slightly alluded to this subject).

172 [August,

The litter harbours the beetles by day, and from it they sally forth at
night to attack the fruit. Thousands could be destroyed by turning
over the litter in the day time, and it might be possible to saturate it
with some substance that would render it noxious to the insects
without communicating any flavour to the fruit. This is a matter for
suggestion and experiment.

Lewisham, London :

Jidii \hth, 1897.

DIANTHCECIA LUTEAGO, tab. BARRETTII, IN CORNWALL AND

NORTH WALES.

BY C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S.

My friend Major A. Ficklin, returning a day or two ago from a
trip to the Land's End, Cornwall, has brought with him some insects
of unusual interest, in four specimens of Dianthoecia Bnrrettii, or to
be more strictly accurate, D. luteacjo^ var. Barrettii. These examples,
two of which, (J and ? , are in exquisite condition, are, with the
exception of a specimen taken some years ago by Mr. W. C. Boyd in
North Devon, the only known English examples of this curiously local
species. They represent a local race different from those hitherto
known, though leaning more toward the Irish variety than to the one
previous English specimen ; but the light clouding at the base of their
fore-wings, and also in the hinder area, is extended and of a di.stinctly
glaucous hue, while the pale middle cloud is less distinct, and the
broad oblique stripe consequently less noticeable. The hind margin
appears also to be slightly more dilated, and the fore-wings consequently
broader and more blunt, but this may arise in part from the perfection
of the cilia. All were taken at dusk hovering at flowers of Silene
maritima, and were the result of careful scrutiny of this attractive
plant night by night for a fortnight. It does not therefore appear
that the insect is more common on the Cornish cliifs than on those of
Howth.

At the same time Mr. F. C. Woodforde has sent for examination
a fine female of the same species taken by him early this month in
Carnarvonshire, North Wales. This specimen is darker than any
previously seen, and without the tinge of purple in its brown colour, this
being replaced by a greyer black tinge, and the pale shades are scarcely
so large as in typical specimens, while the apex is certainly more pointed.
This is the first instance of which I have any knowledge of this species
in North Wales, and the specimen is of a form quite unlike that reared

by Mr. AV. F. H. Blandford from a larva found in South Wales. The
local races of this insect are extremely interesting, more especially
as none of them show any tendency toward the type of Uteago as
known on the Continent.

39, Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E. :
June 2Qth, 1897-

THE DIAMOND-BACK MOTH : PLUTELLA CRUCIFERARUM, Z. (1843),

A SYNONYM OP CEROSTOMA MACULIPENNIS, Crt. (1832).

BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D.. F.R S.,

AND

JOHN HARTLEY DURRANT, F.E.S., Memb. Soc. Ent. de France.

In defiance of such rules as govern the use of names by adherence
to the ordinary law of priority, our little friend has passed under many
an alias, and it is time that his godfather's authority should be quoted
and his proper title restored. There are those who think that some
apology is necessary in such cases, but if a man's name were John he
would quickly call upon the person who dubbed him Richard to show
cause or climb down.

No apology is asked in this case, and none will be offered.
Much confusion in nomenclature existed between the honeysuckle
feeder and the smaller species feeding upon various CrucifercB until
Zeller, in 1843, rightly restricted the Linnsean name xylostella to the
honeysuckle feeder, and called the smaller species cruciferarum, Z.
Unfortunately, in Staudinger and Wocke's Catalog xylostella, L., was
applied to the smaller species, cruciferarum, Z., being cited as a syno-
nym ; this error was corrected in the errata on p. 425, but the correction
has been much overlooked, and at the present moment in the Exhibition
Gallery of the British Museum cruciferarum is still wrongly called
xylostella.^

In the synonymy as given in Staudinger and Wocke's Catalog,
p. 281, No. 1626, will be found on lines 2 and 3—

" maculipennis Curt ; Stph. p. 342 ; Wd. 1548 ;"
Dr. Wocke should have traced this synonym to its origin, for as

cabinet. There is only one specimen labelled -'xyloBUaa, and )^^J^'''''^^^^^l^'^^;. p.ofessor
published works.— W. and D.

171 [August,

Stephens' citation of 1834 was anterior to Zeller's paper of 1843,
it was obvious that if the synonymy were correct, Curtis's name
was entitled to precedence over Zeller's. The name maculipennis was
first used by Curtis in the first edition of his " Guide" in 1831, but
being unaccompanied by description or citation cannot be regarded as
the correction of a known error, and must be treated as merely a MS.
name. On the second page of the explanation of Plate 420 in the
British Entomology (1832), however, the species was amply described
under the name Cerostoma maculipennis, and it is obvious that Curtis's
type was a $ of Plutella cruciferarum, which must therefore sink as a
synonym of maculipennis, at least until authority can be shown for
the use of an earlier name if such exist. A careful search has so far
failed to disclose any evidence that the species was known (as distinct
from the honeysuckle feeding xylostella') to any entomological author
preceding Curtis. Under Curtis's name Stephens, in his '' 111 ustrations,"
described the same species, but Wood, while correctly referring to
annulateUa and maculipennis in the text of his Index, p. 223, Nos.
1547 and 1548, unfortunately transposed his figures on the plate, so
that maculipennis, Wd., text, = *annulatellus, Wd., fig. 1547, and annu-
latellus, Wd., text, = *maculipennis, Wd., fig. 1548. Stainton, in the
List of Specimens of British Animals in the British Museum, XVI,
Lepidoptera on pp. 43-5 (1854), gives the correct synonymy (as above),
but omits to sink cruciferarum as a synonym of maculipennis. He
quotes the date of Curtis's PI. 420 as 1835, but this cannot be correct,
for this plate and its accompanying letter-press is cited by Stephens
in the part of his Illustrations dated 31-XII-1834 (vol. IV, p. 342),
and the explanation of Plate 4GI is quoted in the Magazine of Nat.
Hist., IV, 437 (IX, 1833), in a letter dated by Prof. Babington
2-VIII-1833, showing that Curtis's plate was probably correctly dated
1832.

The following is the synonymy of the Diamond-back moth,
omitting references which have no bearing on the nomenclature of
the species : —

Plutella maculipennis, Crt.

= cruciferarum, 7t. ; n. syn. = galeatella, Mab.

[n. g. maculipennis, Crt., Guide, 186, No. 1031, 3 (1831) MS.] : Cerostoma
maculipennis, Crt., Br. Ent., PI. 420 (expl. p. 2) (1832), ? ; Stph., 111. Br. Snt.,
Haust. IV, 342 (1834) ; Crt., Guide, 2 edn., 214, No. 1031, 3 (1837) ; Wd., Ind.
Ent., 223, No. 1548 (1839) : Cerostoma *annulatellus, Wd., Ind. Ent., PI. 49, 1547
(1839) ; Plutella cruciferarum, Z., Stett. Ent. Ztg., IV, 281-3 (1843) ; Stn., Syst.

18J>7 ] 175

Cat. Br. Tin. and Pter., 10 (1849), (? : Plutella macuJ ipennis , Stn., Syst. Cat. Br.
Till, and Pter., 10 (1849), ? ; Plutella hrassicella. Fitch, Rp. Nox. Ins. N. Y., I,
170-5 (1856) ; Plutella limbipennella, Clem., Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil., XII, 6 (1860),
S • Plutella mollipedella, Clem., Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil., XII, 6 (1860), ? ; Plutella
*xylosteUa, Stgr. and Wk. Cat., 281, No. 1626 (1871) : Plutella cruciferarum, Stgr.
and Wk. Cat., 425, No. 1626 (1871) ; Stn., Ent. Mo. Mag., XIX, 251 (1883) ; Tinea
galeatella, Mab., Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 1882-83, VI, Zool. Ins. Lp., 34, PL III, 10
(1888).

As the Diamond-back Moth, alias Pliotella cruciferarum, Z , is
probably the only Tineid known by name to the general public, having
been so freely mentioned in newspapers and the reports of economic
entomologists throughout the world, it is very sad to have to lead the
non-entomological student of insect scourges and pests into the regions
of synonymy, and to ask him to unleami. the name cruciferarum, 7i.,
and to substitute for it maculipennis, Crt., an older and forgotten

name.

" Till old age and experience hand in hand
Lead him to death, and make him understand.
After a search so painful and so long.
That all his life he has been in the wrong." — Anon.

Merton Hall, Thetford :
June, 1897.

MICRORRHAGUS PYGMMUS AND OTHER COLEOPTERA IN THE
BLEAN WOODS, KENT. •

BY J. J. WALKER, R.N., F.L.S.

On June 2lst I went to Whitstable for a day's collecting in the
extensive tract of woodland between that town and Canterbury, known
as the Blean Woods. These woods are chiefly composed of oak and
birch, with a good sprinkling of beech, hazel, sallow, and aspen, the
undergrowth in parts consisting largely of heather {Callmia vidt/aris),
and it looks a very promising locality for all orders of insects. In a
recent clearing, Goccinella distincta, Fald. {lahilis, Muls.), occurred in
fair numbers, chiefly on young shoots of oak and birch in the vicinity
of nests of Formica rw/a, which were exceedingly numerous throughout
the woods. This fine ladybird had been taken here many years ago
by Mr. G. C. Champion {cf Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. I, vol. iv, p. 187),

]7(; • c^^^'iy"'"!^-

and curiously enough, on the following day I swept up a single

example on the Sheppey cliffs, a surprising capture in this locality.

While working for the Coccinella, I took Lahidostomis tridentata (one

?), and CJytlira ^-punctata, quite commonly; Elater halteatus,

Rhynchites puhescens, PoTydrusns micnns (common, but worn), Xylehorus

Saxeseni (on felled oaks), &c. Sweeping in shady paths produced,

among many other species, Amphicyllis ylohus, Antherophagus pallens,

Conipora orbiculafa, Rhaqonycha unicolor (3), Rhinonciis denticollis,

and, best of all, a fine ^ Microrrhagus pygmaus, this being the first

record of its occurrence in Kent, as far as I am aware. Tillus

elongatus turned up on the window^ of a house to which I had

adjourned for some much needed liquid refreshment ; and by brushing

under an old hedge, quite close to Whitstable, a small series of

Crypt ocephalus frontalis was taken, in company with Molorclius

umbellatarum (both sexe>i) , Ccel iodes exiqiius, Sunius intermedins, &c., &c.

A second visit to the Blean Woods, on July 8rd, produced three

more examples of Microrrhagus pygmceus (2 (J, 1 $ ) by sweeping

under oak trees, and I was again so fortunate as to obtain Mordella

acuJeata, of which two specimens were swept off a very small patch of

ox-eye daisy {Chrysanthemum leucanthemuni) ,^u^t at the entrance of the

woods from the Whitstable side. Three examples of the queer little

Rhytidosomus globulus, seen alive by me for the first time, were also

very welcome ; they occurred singly at long intervals, and came off

young shoots of as[)en and sallow^ Coccinella distincta was still fairly

plentiful, though less so than on my previous visit ; and Colo7i

brunneum, Zeugophora subspinosa, Cln'ysomela varians, Melasoma

longicolle, Mordellistena incequalis (one very large example), Byctiscus

betuleti, Depordus megacephalus, Rhinoncus denticollis (1), and many

commoner species, turned up in the sweeping-net. Antherophagus ni-

gricornis came out to the number of half-a-dozen (all ? except one) from

a few sprays of honeysuckle flowers which I had plucked and put in my

hat to take home. Previous to my entering the woods, Cryptocephalus

frontal is agam occurred, but only three examples. Choragus Sheppardi

was swept off short grass by the roadside, and by beating a dead

hedge, Throscus oblusus w'as obtained quite plentifully, along with

Cis aliii, Gracilin pygmcea (common), Lissodcma i-pustulatum, and other

beetles usually found by this method of collecting.

23, Kaiiolagli Road, Shccrness :
Juli/ ofk, 1897.

IS97.] 177

HINTS ON COLLECTINa ACULEATE EYMENOPTERA.

BY EDWARD SAUNDEBS, F. L. S.

{Continued from page 140).

Many of our Midsummer Fossorials are attracted to the flower
heads of umbelliferous plants. Salius exaltatus, pasillus, &c., are
particularly partial to them, as is abo Geropales maculata, and possibly
the rare variegata as well. The ^ of Mijrmosa frequents them, and
many species of Crahro. The two species of Tiphia are particularly
fond of Daucus carota, femorata sometimes occurring on it in large
numbers. The two species of Agenia should be looked for in and
around decayed stumps ; they are both rare but have a pretty wide
range of distribution, hircana being recorded from the New Forest
and from as far north as Cumberland, variegata ranging from Ventnor
to Yorkshire. Mr. V. E. Perkins says that the latter sometimes nests
in gate-posts, the rubble of stone walls, or in sandy banks; both
species may be easily recognised by the two dark bands across the
front wings, although in the (^ these are very faint.

The species of Mimesa appear about the middle of June, one of
their number, M. atra, being of extreme rarity in this countxy. They
are fond of flying round shrubs and settling on leaves, after the
manner of Pemphredon, &c., but they also occur on flowers. The
species are very closely allied, so that collectors should examine their
captures very carefully, the length and shape of the petiole of the
abdomen and the puncturation of the thorax and especially of its
mesopleurse are the chief distinguishing characters.

Among the Anthophila the various species of Golletes appear
towards the end of -June ; Daviesana is common in many localities
and frequents chamomile- looking flowers, such as Anthemis, &c. ;
succincta generally occurs on Erica ; fodiens on Senecio ; picistigma
on chamomile flowers or on Achillea millefolium ; marqinata on Dutch
clover or thistles. The large C cunicularia appears to be an early
spring species, occurring at Sallow blossoms in a few localities near
Liverpool. Daviesana often forms extensive colonies in banks ; near
Bexhill last July I found it in great abundance, accompanied by almost
equal numbers of its parasite, Epeolus productus, and one could not
help wondering whether the Epeolus would gradually cause the
extinction of the Collefes, which would mean the extinction of itself
also, or what would happen to re-adjust the balance between the two.
All the species of Prosopis may be found in June and July.
Most of them frequent bramble flowers or wild mignonette, but I

178 (August,

have taken the males of P. cornuta and both sexes of P. Masoni on
Achillea millefolium. This latter, I am informed by M. Vachal, is
probably synonymous with clistans, Eversmann, but I do not propose
to change the name until I am certain on this point, as the synonymy
of the species with dilated scapes is very complicated. The very rare
P. dilatata was also taken by Mr. Billups on Achillea. F.
punc/uktfissima, Smith, has not been recorded since its capture by
that author at Birch Wood, previous to 1855.

The males of HaUcfus and Sphecodea begin to appear about the
end of June or the beginning of July, increasing in numbers as
August approaches ; they mostly frequent the flowei's of yellow
Composites and thistles, although they may be found on other flowers.
The males of cylindriciis and albipes are often met with in great
numbers, those of the former species varying exceedingly in colour,
some having the body quite dark, others with the intermediate
segments red. The rarities in Halictus are — sexnotatus,\{\iose ? ,as I
mentioned before, occurs on Scrophularia and Bryony, and whose ^
I have never had the good fortune to meet with, but which should
occur on the same plants as the $ ; quadricinctus, which has occurred
of late years near Seaford and Eastbourne, and also on the cliffs at
St. Margaret's Bay on yellow composites ; longulus, Smith, of which
very little is known, and which occurs in the. Isle of Wight at
Bonchurch, Ventnor and Freshwater ; a good series of both sexes
would be a great assistance in determining its value as a species ;
Icevis, Kirby, which is still known as British only by the original
specimen in Kirby's collection, taken at Nacton, Suffolk ; it is so like
villosulus that it might easily be overlooked, but the impunctate body
will distinguish it at once, the thorax is shining and sparsely
punctured, very much as in that species ; maculatus, the ? of which
has occurred near Fairlight and at Weybridge and Blackwater, but no
male has been recorded from this country, and gramineus, which has
not been taken since Smith's time, when it was found on Cove
Common, Hants. Halictus is a genus which would repay study from
any collector, as the species are very closely allied, and there is great
probability of new species yet being found.

Several of the rarer species of Andrena are to be found in July
visiting the flowers of brambles, these are chiefly the second
broods of the species which visit sallows in the early spring, but the
second broods are less numerous, as a rule, in individuals than the first ;
for instance, A. rosce, the typical form of which appears in July, used
to be considered a great rarity, and as a matter of fact, is far from

1S97.] 179

common anywhere, whei-eas, one of its spring forms, Trimmemna, is
exceedingly common. The females of the second brood are mostly
more or less reddish on the abdomen, but there appear to be two
forms in the second brood as in the first, a red bodied form {r^osce
true), which corresponds with the spring spinigera, and a duller, more
hairy form which appears to represent the spring Trimmerana, but in
both spring and summer broods intermediate varieties occur. A.
bimaculata, race decorata, Smith, is also a Bramble species closely
resembling rosce in general appearance, but distinguishable at once by
the clathrate basal area of its propodeum ; dorsata {comhinatd) and
gioynana (Jiicolor), the names in brackets being the old names of
the second broods, visit the same plant, as also a second brood of
pilil^es, thoi'acica, Afzeliella, and minictula, and the strictly summer
species coitana and lucens ; this last is probably overlooked, as the ?
is exceedingly like that of coitana, but its less closely punctured
mesonotum and scutellum will distinguish it, and the ^ is abundantly
distinct in the absence of the white clypeus. Bryony is attractive to
several species, especially to Andrena florea, also a red bodied species
like roscB and himaculata, but known from either of them by the clear,
distinct puncturation of the abdomen.

Andrena Hattorfiana and Oetii, two of our most beautiful species,
frequent the species of Scahiosa and appear in the latter half of July.
The former is generally found on S. {Knaiitia) arvensis, the latter on
one of the blue species. JVomada armata, our largest and rarest
species, associates with Hattorfiana, but is very rarely met with.
Senecio jacohcea (ragwort) attracts A. nigriceps and tridentata, the
latter being a great rarity, which has occurred, so far as I know, only
in the neighbourhood of Bournemouth and Norwich ; the other species
of the nigriceps group visit other plants, simillima being fond of
Ruhus, fuscipes of Erica, and being often very abundant on our
Surrey heaths, and denticulata generally occurring on thistles.
A. argentata is a very local species which occurs in scattered colonies
on the heaths around Woking and Chobham, and extends as far as
Bournemouth ; it burrows in exposed sandy spots, and is sometimes
accompanied by the rai*e little inquiline Noinada alboguttata.
July and August are the best months to look for it ; I have generally
found it flying backwards and forwards near its burrows, very close
to the ground, and consequently very difiicult to catch. The
Nomada flies more steadily and is easier to secure. Macropis lahiata,
which is a very local insect, and until Mr. Enock found it at
Woking, one of our greatest rarities, occurs annually along the

180 CAugust.

Woking Canal on Lysimachia vulgaris, in August ; it bas been
taken also at Norvvicb on tbistles, and I find it bere occasionally on
those plants, but tbere is no doubt that it prefers the Lysimachia.
On the Continent there is an inquiline bee which associates with it,
Epelioides ccecutiens, but this is found on Lythrum salicaria (purple
loose-strife) ; as this plant is also common along our canal, I have
hopes that the Epelioides may possibly be found here also, although
it has not been recorded from so far north as England.

Dasypoda hirlipes, which is one of our handsomest bees, may be
found at this time of the year in sandy places, but it is local. At
Littlehampton it used to be abundant ; it is a most interesting insect
to watch at its burrows, especially when it returns home with its
enormous tibial brushes covered with pollen ; like most of the
Andrenidce it is usually found in colonies. Cilissa hcemorrhoidalis is
an August insect and frequents the bells of Campanula rotitndifolia,
which it creeps into and is quite hidden from view ; it is not a common
species ; I have taken it several times by sweeping ; the other species,
leporina, is commoner, and visits various flowers.

The two species of Panurgus are both far from rare ; they visit
yellow composites, the males often spending the night in them curled
up among the rays. On our sandy commons both occur freely,
and the rare Dufourea occasionally, i. e., twice in ten years ! Tellow
composites again are the attraction.

Of Eopliites as a British insect we only know the two examples
taken by the Eev. E. N. Bloomfield in \\\s garden at Guestling. It is
exceedingly like an Halictus, but has only two submarginal cells in the
front wings, it is also browner in tint ; this appearance is due to the
brown hairs with which tbe insect is covered. It occurs in Sweden,
so there is every hope that it will again turn up here. In July and
August several species of Nomada may be found associating with the
second broods of Andrena. N.fucata, a rare species, associates with
the second brood of fulvicrus (formerly called extricata by Smith),
jacohcBcB and solidaginis occur on thistles and ragwort, but their hosts
are not known for certain. N. Boherjeotiana appears in July ; it is
a rare species and generally occurs singly ; on the heaths here 1 have
met with it two or three times on the same ground where Andrena
analis is found, so I suspect it may associate with that species.
N. dbtusifrons is also a July species ; Mr. Bridgman thinks it associates
with A. coitana, so it should be looked for where that species is found.

(To he continued).

1897.] 181

A NEW BRITISH: CHRYSID : HEDYCHRIDIUM C0RIACEU3I, Dhb.
BY THE UEV. F. D. MOEICE, M.A., F.E.S.

I have for some time been expecting that this widely distributed
species would turn up in our own country, and to-day (July 7th) I
was greatly pleased by finding it in this neighbourhood.

It is almost exactly like our common species, minutum, Dhb.
(? = ardens, Coq.) ; and though it is in no collection that I have seen,
I have little doubt that it is mixed with minutum in some cabinets ;
but the pubescence is distinctly shorter; the puneturation of the
thorax much finer, and more even and close, giving a dull, coriaceous
effect (whence Dahlbom's name) ; and the postscutellum is deep
• blue, while in minutum (at least, in British specimens) this part is
brassy or greenish.

Unfortunately, I do not know the exact spot where I found the
insect, as I did not recognise it till my return, when I picked it out
from among four or five of the common species in my collecting
bottle ; but it was certainly taken within a mile or two of the village
of Ottershaw, on the road between Woking and Chertsey.

In my Synoptic Table (Ent. Mo. Mag., June, 1896, p. 126), the
Division numbered 10 should now read as follows : —

10. Thorax somewhat smooth ; its puneturation remote ; abdomen with long

scattered hairs at apex integrum.

Thorax closely punctured, abdomen merely pubescent at apex.

(a) Thorax coriaceous, dull ; postscutellum deep blue coriaceum.

{b) Thorax coarsely and unevenly punctured, brilliant ; postscutellum brassy...

minutum.

{== ardens, auctt.).
Brunswick, Woking :

July 1th, 1897.

NOTES ON SOME BRITISH SYMENOPTERA.
BY THE EEV. F. D. MOEICE, M.A., F.E.S.

Among various Hi/menoptera which I have taken this year, chiefly
in the neighbourhood of Woking, the following appear to deserve
record : —

Xiplijjdria dromedarius, F. — Several males in a decayed willow
trunk at Ripley (June 28th and 29th) ; F. Smith says it is common
in such situations, but I never met with it before, and to judge from
foreign price lists, it must be considered a rarity on the continent.

182 [August,

Chrijsisfulgida, Linn. — Three males on a gate-post near Byfleet
(June 14th) ; six females on palings at Woking (July 10th).

Chri/sis succhtcta, Ijinn. — A female on an umbellifer {(Ena7itJie
crocata ?) near Ripley on June 29th ; two more females on a low
road-side bank at AVisley, in the same district, on July 1st ; and a
fourth in a similar spot at Woking on July 6th.

Sedycltridium roseum, Rossi. — Three females at Chobham (July
8th).

G^abro aphidum, Lep. — A female flying about a hedge at Ripley
(June 28th). This is one of our very rarest species, and I believe it
is long since any capture of it has been recorded. I have several
times re-visited the spot, but no other specimen has occurred.

Some of the rarer Blimesidce seem to be less rare than usual here
this year. Within a radius of ten or twelve miles from Woking 1
have taken several specimens each of Mimesa Shickardi, Wesm.,
equesfris, Fab., and Dalilhomi, Wesm., besides our commoner species,
bicolor, Fab., and unicolor, v. de Lind.

Tachysphex unicolor, Pz.— One ^, Chobham, June 24th ; one $,
Oxshott, June 21st.

Astatus stigma, Pz.— Two females at Chobham (July 7th and 8th).

Odynerus {ILoplopus) reniformis, Gm. — Several females burrowing
in their old locality at Chobham in June. I could find no males, and
was disappointed in being unable to ascertain that any species of
Chrysid was parasitic upon it. (In spinipes burrows a few miles off,
I found Chrysis hidentata, Linn., in immense numbers, besides a few
specimens of neglecta. Shuck., and a fair sprinkling of ignita, Linn.
All these kinds I watched in the act of entering the wasp's tubes.
Chrysis cyanea, Linn., occurred in the same spot, but I think only
accidentally ; I did not see it attempt any of the tubes, and several
of its frequent victim, Osmia ccerulescens, were burrowing close by).

Odynerus (^SymmorpJiUH) gracilis, Brulle. — I have taken males in
several localities round Woking this June, but no females.

Andrena amhigua, Perkins. — This recently described species seemed
to be quite common at Stoke d'Abernon, near Cobham, on May 17th.
I took many males and two females. The former were only dis-
tinguishable by their antenna) from the males of A. varians, the latter
only by the puncturation of the clypeus from the females of A.
helvola.

Andrena proxivia, Kirby. — Two females at Swanage (June 4th

1S97.] 183

and 5th). I had received this species from the same locality some
years ago, and was particularly anxious to secure some males of it.
But, even at that period, the males were apparently over. I could
not find a single specimen. Perhaps, like other Andrenidcs, the species
may have appeared unusually early this season.

Brunswick, Woking :

Jult/ 7th, 1897.

Habits of Formica rufa. — I thought my note on Formica ntfa on page 141 would
have been understood by readers of this Magazine, but it appears, by the remarks on
page 158, that I was mistaken, and fearing othei's may have doubt, I here observe
that the whole community must have been at work many weeks before the 22nd
April, the day on which I observed the winged females, seeing that the parents have
first to be aroused from their lethargy caused by hibernation, — the eggs deposited,
larvfe hatched and fed, and the pupa stage got through, before the said females could
appear. They may have been^out several days before, as the locality is nearly ten
miles from my house.

My experience (about 45 years) with F. rufa does not agree with tlie writer's
remarks on the periodical desertion of its nest. The nest from which my
observations were made has been in existence for the past ten years to my
knowledge, how much longer I cannot say ; the extreme west side of it has been
given up in consequence of receiving the beat of the weather, causing the material
composing that part of the nest to decay ; the extension, not separation, has taken a
north-easterly direction. I should think that this hillock, old and new, would, at
its base, measure forty feet in circumference. A new colony within a hundi-ed yards,
would, I feel certain, not be permitted by the old one. I visit the nest in my
country rambles, sometimes three or four times in the year, and season after season
I have found the inhabitants of the old colony strengthening their numbers by
bringing home F. rifa from a new community that has been trying to start a sepa-
rate habitation. Some twenty years ago (August, 1877) I knew of a similar colony
which existed for several years ; I believe the destruction in that instance was by the
gamekeeper, who took all for feeding his young pheasants that were hatched at the
breeding station* ; there must be a cause for the periodical desertion of the nest, or
supposed desertion, and I would suggest that the space between the old and new
nest has been caused by the gamekeeper or bird-fancier turning over the contents
of the nest in search of so nailed " ants eggs," in reality the pupae, or by the same
operation being performed by a bird of some sort ; I have known a woodpecker
consume a small colony, in winter, by daily visits. — G. C. Bigneli, Stonehouse,
Plymouth : Juli/ 14,th, 1897.

* The material of which the nest was composed was removed with the ants, and a note by
me on the same nest entitled, " F. rit/a strengthening its nest by taking workers from other
uests," will be found in Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xvi, pp. 267—8 (May, 1880). -G. C. B.

184 [August,

Notes on Setina irrorella on the Cotteswolds. — This species is not, as many
writers suppose, exclusively a littoral one, as for many years a specimen or two has
occurred now and then at one or two localities at a high elevation on the
Cotteswold Hills, in Gloucestershire. This season, I have been able to discover a
little of its habits, and took a fine series of specimens, both male and female, which
are very different in appearance to the common English forms as taken on the South
Coast. The Gloucestershire specimens seem to be an intermediate variety between
the coast form as it appears in our cabinets, and the Alpine one known as Setina
aurita, which occurs at high elevations in different parts of Europe, and shows, I
think, pretty conclusively, that what we call <S. irrorella, S. aurita, and >S. ramosa
are only climatic variations of the same species. Most of the Gloucestershire
specimens have all the colour and opacity of aurita, although the spots are not so
large, while a few seem to approach nearer in colour and transparency to those taken
on the South Coast. Where it occurs it seems to be confined to a very small area
among high grass, and I could find no special lichen growing ; the stones are a sort
of coarse oolite. A few eggs which one of the females captured presented me with
have hatched, but the larvae do not seem to touch either of the lichens I have
offered them. — Geoege Harding, 9, Belle Vue, Clifton : July l^th, 1897.

Acidalia contiguaria near Penmaenmawr. — A short visit to Penmaenmawr in
North Wales last week produced a few Acidalia contiguaria. The species was
only just getting well out, and consequently in fine condition. Agrotis Ashworthii
was evidently not yet on the wing, as careful searches in places where some years I
had found it to be not uncommon, revealed no trace of it. This was not surprising,
as the weather was totally against mountain species, cold almost as January, and the
wind often so violent one could hardly stand. — Geo. T. Porkitt, Crosland Hall,
Huddersfield : July 12th, 1897.

Immunity of the Turkish oak (Quercus cerris) from the attacks of the larva of
Tortrix viridana. — Last year, when most of the oaks in Windsor Forest and this
neighbourhood generally were entirely denuded of their foliage by the ravages of
the larvae of T. viridana, so as to give them the appearance of mid-winter, I noticed
one large oak tree {Quercus cerris) at Sunninghill in perfect leaf. It was particularly
conspicuous, as there are a number of common oaks near it that were eaten quite
bare. This season T. viridana is not nearly so plentiful, but still there are a good
number on all the oaks except this one. The people about here have a saying that
when the oaks loose their spring foliage from the attacks of caterpillars, that the
second (or July) crop remains on the trees till Christmas ; but this certainly was not
the case last autumn, as I took note the trees shed their leaves at the usual time, and
I must say I expected they would. — T. A. Gerald Strickland, Ascot : July, 1897.

Fidonia piniaria at Glendalough. — I spent three days at Glendalough at
Whitsuntide, but the weather was not favourable for collecting. I found Fidonia
piniaria, which I had not taken before, abundantly, though I only secured males.
It is not recorded in Birchall's list for any ascertained locality.— G. V. Hart,
Woodside, Howth : June tllh, 1897.

1397.] 185

Re-occurrence of Porthexia chrysorrhna, L., at Sheernesa. — This moth has been so
rare of late years, that I record with mueli pleasure the occurrence of its larvae rather
plentifully about a mile from Sheerness. Early in the year the winter nests of the
young larvte were fairly numerous on the top shoots of one hawthorn hedge, which,
unfortunately, was clipped close in April, and the numbers of the insects greatly
reduced thereby. A few nests escaped the general destruction, and the larvae are
just now full-fed and spinning up. This is the first time that I have seen Porthesia
chrysorrhcBa alive in any of its stages since 1872. — James J. Walkee, 23, Ranelagh
Eoad, Sheerness : June 23r«?, 1897.

Osphya bipunctata, F., S{c., in Monks Wood. — On June 3rd Dr. Sharp, in
company with Mr. Bateson and myself, went to look for Osphya bipunctata in Monks
Wood ; the day, however, was unfavourable, and we only found two specimens, both
females. It was perhaps too late in the season, but I believe that the insect must
have been scarce this year, for I find that Mr. Pegler, of Retford, who went to look
for it somewhat earlier, only found one male. Among other insects we found Clytus
mt/sticus (commonly), Tetrops prcBusta, Mordellistena abdominalis (male and
female), Dermestes murinus, Nitidula rufipes, Achenium humile, Melandrya cara-
hoides, Bruchus rufimanus (beaten ofP hawthorn), Haltica coryli, and Magdalinus
pruni. Among the Hemiptera- Homoptera, Centrotus cornutus was not uncommon,
while the Heteroptera were represented by Pentatoma hcBtnorrJioidale and a colony
of the very local Piezostethus cursitans, which occurred under the bark of a fallen
tree ; the best Lepidoptera seen were some good varieties of one or two species of
Hepialus and Macroglossa bombyliformis ; we also found some rather good Aculeate
Hymenoptera, which I believe have not yet been determined. — W. W. FowLEE, The
School House, Lincoln : July 2nd, 1897.

The Cimex in the vests of domestic foiols. — Seeing a note regarding Cimices in
fowls' nests by Mr. Douglas (p. 159 ante), I think perhaps the following informa-
tion may be acceptable. The Cimex found in fowl roosts and pigeon boxes is the
same both in France, Germany and England, and is the species described by Jenyns
as Acanthia columbaria. It is a large brownish bug, about a quarter of an inch in
length, and which I have figured in my work on The Parasitic Diseases of Poultry
(Gurney and Jackson). Only once have I had any enquiry made regarding these
parasites in England, where they are far from common, owing to the great improve-
ment in recent years in poultry keeping. Railliet* refers to them and points out
how they so torment the birds as to cause them to desert their eggs, which may be
seen covered with the bugs' excrements. Should I receive amongst the numerous
enquiries sent me any more of these Cimices, I shall send them to some expert, as
mentioned in Mr. Douglas' note, in case the insect referred to by Railliet and others
is not correctly named. — Feed. V. Theobald, Wye Court, Wye : July 12th, 1897.

Natural History Specimens and the Foreign Sample Post. — The agitation com-
menced by Lord Walsingham some years ago with a view to the transmission by
sample post of specimens of Natural History from this country to places abroad,
has at length been, to a certain extent, successful. At the Postal Congress recently
lield at Washington, permission was given to send specimens to countries within the
Postal Union, but unfortunately the Convention giving effect to that decision will
not come into operation until January 1st, 1899 ! — Eds.

" Sur uuc Punaise qui attaqiic les Poules (Bull. d. 1. Soc. d. Med. A'et. Pratique, 1890, p. 9ft).

Q

186 [August,

#bituarn.

Willem Roelofs. — Information has been received of the death of this well
known Coleopterist while on a journey from The Hague to Brussels. He was Dutch
by birth, but was for many years resident in Brussels, and was known as an artist of
distinction, and especially as a landscape painter. He was one of the foundation
Members of the Belgian Entomological Society (1856), and was its President in
1878-79. As a specialist he studied the CiircidionidcB, and published many memoirs
on the Family, mostly in the " Annales " of the Society above named.

Hemipteea GrMNOCEEATA ExTROP^, Tomc V: by O. M. Kefter. 4to,
pp.392. 10 plates (8 coloured). Helsingfors. 1896.

The 5th Vol. of this important work brings it up to the end of the Capsaria,
and is devoted entirely to the genera and species of that division ; it also contains
a systematic as well as an alphabetical index, the latter including all the synonyms
of the genera and species, and concludes with a Supplement giving a conspectus of
the genera, followed by a separate one of the 8]5ecies, both treated dichotomously.
Vol. I, pp. 1-187, plates 1-8, dealt with the Plagiognatharia. Vol. II, pp. 1-312,
plates 1-5, with the Oncotylaria, followed by additions and corrections to Vol. I.
Vol. Ill, pp. 313-568, plates 1-5, with the Nasocoraria, Cyllocoraria, and Dicy-
pharia, followed by addenda and corrigenda to Vols. I and II, and a " Dispositio
Synonimica " of the species and genera contained in Vols. I to III, and of the Family
divisions. Vol. IV, pp. 1-179, plates 1-6, contains the seven divisions from Boopi-
docoraria to Pilophoraria, and the synoptical tables connected therewith. In these
five Volumes we are supplied with an exhaustive treatise on the subject ; the de-
scriptions are detailed, and are preceded by full synonymy, the synoptical tables
are carefully worked out, and the structural and coloured plates are excellent. No
work of like importance has been produced on the Hemiptera, and it is to be hoped
that now the most difficult part of the work, i. e., the Capsida, is nearly completed,
we shall soon have the entire work before us.

^ocietn.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society:
June 10th, 1897.— Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. James N. Smith, of 28, Eastdown Park, Lcwisham, was elected a Member.

Mr. Mansbridge exhibited a larva of Tephrosia crepuscuJaria beaten from yew,
and a short series of imagines bred as a second brood from larvae taken at the same
place last year ; he stated that the larvae of T. biundularia from both Yorkshire and
Epping were quite distinct from the larvae of T. crepuscularia in marking and color-
ation. Mr. Tutt remarked that the young larvae of both species were similar to the
young larvae of the Ennomids, in being black with more or less complete white rings,
but said that such similarity did not necessarily show close relationship always. Mr.

1897.] 187

Malcolm Burr, a few insects from the island of Socotra, and said that at a casual
glance the Fauna seemed to represent a transition from the Palsearctic to the Ethi-
opian Region. Mr. Lucas, Ichneumons which had emerged this year from last year's
cocoons of Zi/gcena trifoUi, and also an earwig {Chelisoches morio) from Java, of which
species two examples have recently been taken at Kew. In the discussion several
curious instances of parasitism were noted. Mr. Tutt mentioned a parasite on the
larvae of Melitcea Aurinia, which had three separate emergences during life of its
host. Mr.Hall said that a particular ichneumon was entirely confined to the young
stage of Cucullia verbasci. Mr. Adkin, a series of both captured and bred specimens
of TcBwiocampa gothica from Loch Loggan ; the captured examples were largely
gotJiicina forms, while the latter were very typical, although the ova were from
females of the former variety. — Ht. T. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

LOCAL LISTS OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.
BY CHAS. G. BAREETT, F.E.S.

In the course of an attempt to arrive at the actual distribution
in these islands of some of the rather more obscure British species, I
find myself more than previously impressed with the great value of
carefully and accurately drawn up local lists. It is not only that the
range of species well known to have but a local distribution requires
to be accurately ascertained, but that species usiially held to be
everywhere abundant prove to be averse here and there to limited
districts. One instance will illustrate this as well as a dozen. Few
species are more generally common in this country than Hadena
oleracea ; a constant inhabitant of gardens, it also affects cultivated
lands, fields, waysides, river sides, and ditches, even the margins of
salt marshes, and other sub-saline spots, in greater or less abundance;
yet in the seven or eight years during which I worked assiduously the
Haslemere district — portions of Surrey, Sussex and Hants — I saw in
all but two specimens of this species.

I have before me a paper of admirable intention — a plan, with
rules, for a proposed " Fauna of the Counties of Kent, Surrey, Sussex,
Hants and Berks " — of the Counties, that is, lying south of the Thames
and most nearly approaching the Metropolis. This plan was brought
forward by the South London Entomological Society in 1886, and
apparently with considerable support and good hope of successful
completion within a reasonable time. The subject was brought up
again the following year by the President of that Society, but I regret
to say that very little has been heard of it since. It was probably an
undertaking too extensive, abstruse and elaborate to be carried out
by the Members of that Society ; but if even the Lepidoptera (of

Q 2

ISS [August.

which it is understood that a considerable list was compiled) had been
published, it would have been, to me, a welcome and useful instalment.
Further, it was, I believe, hoped that similar work would have been
done for the Metropolitan Counties north of the Thames ; and so far
as Middlesex is concerned, a useful " preliminary " list was published
by Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell in the " Entomologist," 1891—2 ; but so
far as I know there is not in existence a collected record of the
Lepidoptera of the London suburbs before the rapid disappearance of
these insects, which has characterized the last few years, commenced ■
Yet Mr. S. T. Klein's catalogue of 130 species taken in thirty-six
hours at Willesden, Middlesex, ought to have stimulated some one to
follow up the theme in so rich a district.

For Harrow, in the same county, a list of 469 species has just
been drawn up, with great care, by Messrs. J. L. Bonhote and N. C.
Rothschild. Two or three of the species would seem to require con-
firmation by strong evidence, but, as a rule, great accuracy has
evidently been attained, the unusual course being taken of furnishing
the names of the captors for even the most abundant species. Intended,
as it is, as a guide and sort of Manual for the boys of the Harrow
School, much information is incorporated as to species not found in
the district, and carefully drawn-up tables of the species in the larger
genera are furnished ; the list being also extended beyond the ordinary
Macro-Lepidoptera to include the Pyralides, Crambina, and Pteropho-
rina. Whether the Harrow School collectors are such complete
neophytes as to require an E^iglish name, however unsuitable, for every
species, is a question which the authors, as " old boys," should be best
able to answer.

For the county of Kent I know of no general catalogue. A list
of over 500 species, extending to the Phyciiidce, occurring in the
Rochester and Chatham districts, was contributed to the "Rochester
Naturalist " by Mr. W. Chaney in the years 1884 to 1888. It is care-
fully drawn up, with notes of localities, dates and habits, and apparently
very accurate.

Previously to this my old friend Dr. H. G. Knaggs had, in 1870,
published a list of the " Macro-Lepidoptera of the neighbourhood of
Folkestone" in the same count}'^, for the Folkestone Natural History
Society. This list, extending to over 400 species, is full of notes upon
the habits and times of appearance of the species, and of great value.
It also contains notices of a few Micro-Lepidoptera.

Besides these I have a MS, list by Mr. J. J. AValker of nearly
400 species found by him in the Isle of Sheppey, including, besides

18!>7.] 189

the Mncro-Lepidoptera, Pi/ralites, Cramhites and Pterophorina, aud
enriched with notes of the habits of the species ; and there is in the
Magazine of Natural History, 1832, a list of 45 species of butterflies
occurring in the neighbourhood of Dover, with full and numerous
notes on their varieties, by the Eev. W. T. Bree, M.A., showing clearly
that the richness of that district in butterfly aberrations was then fully
as great as it is now.

For Sussex also I find no genei-al list, but the county is rather
more fully represented —

In the " Proceedings of the Eastbourne Natural History Society,"
1885 — 6, is a list of the Macro- Lepidopf era of East Sussex, numbering
about 600 s])ecies, with localities, by Mr. J. H. A. Jenner, drawn up
with considerable care and general accuracy.

A similar list, but including notices of the habits of many of the
species, and extending to the Tineina, for West Sussex, was drawn up
some years ago by Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher, M.A., and printed for him
at Bognor, but without date. This extends to between 600 and 700
species, and is more especially complete in the smaller families.

Eor the district round Hastings and St. Leonard's the E,ev. E. N.
Bloomfield, M.A., has recorded the results of his own collecting and
that of friends for many years, producing a catalogue of upwards of 1000
species. This, as a matter of course, includes a very large number of
Micro-Lepidoptera, and has been drawn up with extreme care as to
accuracy, but does not furnish any further information except as to
the relative rarity or commonness of the species. It is contained in the
" Natural History of Hastings and St. Leonard's and the vicinity,"
1878, and two Supplements, 1888 and 1888, and published by the
Hastings and St. Leonard's Philosophical and Historical Society.

I cannot find that any general list exists anywhere for either of
the rich counties of Surrey and Hants. This is the more astonishing,
since the latter county contains those two localities celebrated above
all others, the New Forest and the Isle of Wight, while the former is
that probably most frequented by London entomologists. I have my
own list of something like 1100 species found in the Haslemere dis-
trict (which extends into Surrey, Hants and Sussex), but otherwise
am obliged to depend for those two counties upon the multitudes of
captures recorded in this and other Magazines.

Dorsetshire is better provided. It seems that a first edition of
the " Lepidoptera of Dorsetshire " was published in 1886 by the
Dorset Field Club ; this I have not seen. Mr. C. W. Dale's second
edition of the same, brought out by himself, reaches the dimensions of

190 [August,

a small book. It records about 1450 species, a number unprecedented
in any other county, and though in so large a number it is hardly
possible but that inaccuracies exist, it is generally reliable and of great
value, containing, as it does, not only notes of localities and occasionally
of habits of species, but also of the early captures of Mr. John Curtis
and the author's father, Mr. J. C. Dale, whose vast collection was the
resort and treasury of some of our earlier authors.

Tor that portion of Dorsetshire known as the Isle of Purbeck a
most accurate and reliable list of over 900 species (extending like the
last through the Tineidce) by Mr. E. R. Bankes and the Kev. C. R.
Digby, is published, with a plate, in the " Proceedings of the Dorset
Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club," 1885. It contains
notices of the food as well as of the habits and localities of very many
of the species, derived from the personal experience of the authors.
Its value is enhanced by a Supplement of 156 species by the same
authors, published through the same medium in 1889, and with it a
fine plate of some of the more remarkable species.

Devon also has received a fair amount of attention. In 1864
(and doubtless in previous years) a " Catalogue of the Lepidoptera
of Devon and Cornwall," from the pen of Mr. J. J. Reading, was
published in the " Transactions of the Plymouth Institution." The
only portion in my possession is that of the " Noctuina^'' amounting
to 214 species, and furnishing much information as to localities. From
the introduction it appears that the Rhopalocera, and also the Sphingina
and Bomhycina, had previously been catalogued ; but I find no indica-
tion of any list of the Geometrina or following groups.

In 1878 a far more complete and elaborate list, comprising 1100
species, with abundance of useful observations, forming a good sized
volume, compiled by Mr. E. Parfitt, was published in the " Transactions
of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science." The
author even extends his remarks to fossil insects, though, so far as
Devon is concerned, these are not Lepidopterous.

I have further been obliged by Mr. J. Basden Smith, of Plymouth,
with a marked list of about 350 species of Macro-Lepidoptera found
in that district ; and by the late Major John Still, with the results of
his researches on Dartmoor and on the south coast of the county.

For Cornwall and the Scilly Isles a list of nearly 800 species,
including the Tineidce^ was published in 1893 — 4 in the " Transactions
of the Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society." It con-
tains information of interest about many of the species, and appears
to be generally accurate, though there are some species included which
seem to require confirmation.

1897.] 191

For Somerset and Gloucestershire we have a very full and complete
" Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the Bristol district," by Mr. Alfred
E. Hudd, published in the " Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists'
Society," 1877— 18S4. It extends to 13U0 species, with plentiful
notices of habits, localities and food-plants ; and is drawn up with
considerable accuracy and close research. Probably few local lists are
more complete than this, since Bristol was for many years a grand
nucleus of entomological work, and Mr. Hudd availed himself of the
results of many years' keen collecting by well known residents.

In the case of Gloucestershire a further valuable contribution
has been made by Mr. C. Granville Clutterbuck in a MS. list of the
Noctuce of the district lying round the city of Gloucester, with notes
of their habits. This is, I hope, only an instalment of a more complete
list for that district.

For the county of Wilts 1 find no collected list, and even isolated
notices of captures are few, yet the county contains Marlborough,
Newbury and Savernake Forest.

For the county of Berks I find no completed list, but in the
" Entomological Magazine," 1834-, is a notice of 253 species taken,
mainly at light, at Burghfield, Seading, by the Rev. C. S. Bird, which
contains a few useful notes ; and for the poi'tion situated within ten
miles of Eeading, Mr. William Holland has furnished a very full and
accurate MS. Catalogue of 1085 species, with numerous localities and
notes. The ten mile radius, however, includes a small part of Hants
and an extensive range of Oxfordshire.

Beyond this 1 find no Oxfordshire list, except a small Catalogue
of 90 species, with useful notes, of those occurring in the vicinity of
Aylesbury, published in the '' Zoologist," 1854, by the Eev. Joseph
Greene; nor does there appear to be any for the rich county of
Buckingham.

For Hertfordshire a good deal has been done by Mr. J. Hartley
Hurrant in the " Transactions of the Hertfordshire Natural History
Society," by his " Contributions to the Knowledge of the Entomological
Fauna of Hertfordshii'e," 1S81, in which a large number of notices by
other entomologists and from the older works on the subject are added
to the results of his own collecting, but unfortunately without bringing
all into a consecutive list ; and previously, in 1885, by a " List of
Lepidoptera observed in the neighbourhood of Hitchin and Knebworth,
Herts," which simply furnishes the names of the species observed.

Huntingdonshire appears to possess no separate local list, but it
is included with Cambridgeshire, and portions of Northamptonshire,

. 192 [August, 1897.

Suffolk, and even jS^orfolk, in the " List of Fenland Lepidoptera,'''
compiled by the late Mr. James Baldiniij, and published in the work
of Mr. S. B. J. Skertchly, entitled, " The Fenland, past and present."
This list, which extends through the Tineidce, contains 1300 species,
with copious notes of localities and other information, and is tolerably
complete and very reliable, containing the results of the working of
many excellent entomologists. With it is a valuable introduction
treating of the more rare and local species, and also drawing attention
to those which are perplexingly absent.

The Rev. W. Bree's interesting list of 45 species of butterflies
then to be found about Polebrook, Northamptonshire, published in the
"Zoologist," 1852, must not be overlooked, giving as it does much in-
formation about species no longer found there.

Strange to say there appears to be no collected list for Essex, the
county in which Epping Forest is situated, and in which Mr. H.
Doubleday resided and worked during a long life ; though in the
" Magazine of Natural History," 1837, is a Catalogue by Mr. Edward
H. Burnell of 200 species found by him in the neigbourhood of
Witham, which is the more interesting from its noting the presence of
species which have since disappeared from the east of England. 'A list
of the butterflies of the county, with abundant localities and general
information, by Mr. E. A. Fitch, was published in the "Essex Natu-
ralist " in 1891 ; and the author, who is admirably qualified for the
task, promised me details of further groups ; but for the performance
I am still waiting !

A list of 300 species collected on the borders of this county and
Suffolk by Mr. W. Gaze (an excellent and most diligent entomologist
fifty years ago) was published in the "Entomologist," 1842, but it is
only a list of names.

Suft'olk. In the " Naturalist," 1857 — 8, is an admirable list of
the Butterflies, Sjyhinrjes, Bombyces, and a small portion of the NoctucE
of Suffolk, by the Rev. J. Gi'eene, assisted by the Rev. H. H. Crewe
and Mr. C. R. Bree. Unfortunately it came to an untimely end in
company with the Magazine in which it appeared. From the abund-
ance of information respecting larvae and pupa> furnished, the remainder
of the MS., if it could be found, would be well worthy of publication,
even after the lapse of forty years.

A far more complete list is the " Lepidoptera of Suffolk," by the
Rev. E. N. Bloomfield, M.A , published in 1890. It extends to the
end of the Tineidce, and comprises between 1100 and 1200 species.
The author has taken the utmost possible pains to secure accuracy,
and has furnished much information as to localities and habits.

Soptunibor, 1897.1 Y9^S

Norfolk. The " Sketch of the Natural History of Yarmouth,"
by C. J. and J. Paget, published at Yarmouth in 1834, contains, besides
Catalogues of the birds, insects of various other Orders, and plants, a
list of 220 Lepidoptera, the majority found in Norfolk ; also notes.
My own list, published in the " Transactions of the Norfolk and
Norwich Naturalists' Society," 1874 and 1884, contains 1350 species,
with localities and other information. More recently I have been
obliged by the Rev. C. T. Cruttwell with a valuable MS. list of his
captures in the south of the county, especially among the Tineidce ;
and by Dr. Carlier, of Edinburgh, with a similar list of the Macro-
Lepidoptera noticed by him around Norwich.

For Herefordshire the only list with which I am acquainted is
that by Mr. Thos. Hutchinson, published in the " Transactions of the
Herefordshire Field Club." It comprises nearly 1300 species, mainly
the result of many years' work by Mrs. Hutchinson and her family in
the Leominster district, and of Dr. John H. Wood, in that of Ledbury
and elsewhere, but unfortunately it is merely a list of names, and
furnishes scarcely any other information.

In the " Handbook of Birmingham," an article appeared from
the pen of Mr. W. G. Blatch upon the Lepidoptera of that district,
comprising part of the counties of Warwick, Worcester, Stafford, and
even small portions of Salop and Nottinghamshire, but that work
being out of print, and not readily obtainable for constant reference,
Mr. Colbran J. Wainwright has obliged me with a MS. list for that
district of 300 species of Sphinges, Bomhyces, and Noctiice, to be
followed by further instalments when required. This is very carefully
drawn up, and furnished with numerous localities.

Except as touched in this list, I find no catalogue of the Lepi-
doptera of Worcestershire, Nottinghamshire, or Salop, nor do I know
of any for Bedfordshire or Northamptonshire.

The " Lepidoptera of Burton-on-Trent and neighbourhood," by
Messrs. P. B. INlason, J. P., J. T. Harris, and others, published in the
" Transactions of the Burton-on-Trent Natui-al History and Archaeo-
logical Society," 1885, is a valuable contribution to our knowledge of
the species inhabiting Leicestershire and portions of Derbyshire and
Staffordshire. It includes the Micro-Lepidoptera, comprises 1000
species, and furnishes very numerous localities. Unfortunately, it is
a matter of some research to ascertain to which county some of these
localities belong

In 1891, a list of the Macro- Lepidoptera of Leicestershire, by
Messrs. F. Bouskcll and C. B. Headly,was published by the Leicester

K

1Q^ (September,

Literary and Philosophical Society. It contains much information as
to localities, but is unfortunately marred by the inclusion of a number
of species obviously recorded in error, and by an unusual number of
printer's blunders.

For North Staffordshire, the Eev. T. W. Daltry has obliged mo
with a MS. list of the Bovibt/ces, Noctuce, and Geomeirce of that
district, comprising 360 species — a very useful list, Avith localities, and
much information.

For Derbyshire, there is in the " Entomologist," 1895, a list of
440 species of Macro-Lepidoptera, by Mv. F. AV. G. Payne, but a large
portion of the information therein coincides with that contained in
the Burton-on-Trent list already noticed.

The only list for Lincolnshire which has come under my notice
is that in the " Entomologist," 1894, by Mr. W. D. Carr ; it includes
only the butterflies, Sphinges, Bomhijces, and Noctuce, amounting to
213 species, but seems pretty accurate, and is enriched with notes on
the habits of many of the species.

The " Lepidopterous fauna of Lancashire and Cheshire," by Dr.
John W. Ellis, published originally in the " Naturalist," but brought
out as a neat volume in 189U, is the principal and by far the best
Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of these two counties. It combines
with more modern information the details of one or two small local
lists to which I have not access, and furnishes localities, and in some
cases other useful information regarding 1350 species, including the
TineidcB. Care is also taken to show details for each county separately,
and a short account of the geological formation of the district is given
in the introduction. Included in it is doubtless much of the informa-
tion furnished in 1855 in a " List of the Lepidopterous Insects of the
district around Liverpool," by Mr. C. S. Gregson, published in the
"Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Historical Society."

Yorkshire is also represented by a very neat volume, the " List
of Yorkshire Lepidoptera,'' by Mr. G. T. Porritt, F.L.S., published in
the " Transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union," 1883. It
records 1340 species, including Tineidce, and along with numerous and
widespread localities in that great county, furnishes great numbers of
references and much other useful information. I do not know any
local lists more complete, or more neatly and accurately got up than
this, and that for Lancashire and Cheshire. The only other Yorkshire
list known to me is that of 460 species, compiled by Mr. Robert Cook,
and published in the "Entomologist," 1842. This includes many
Micro- Lepidoptera, but gives only their names.

1897.] ] 95

A " Catalogue o£ the Lepidoptera of jS'orthumberland and Dur-
ham " was published in 1858, by Mr. George Wailes ; but it only-
extended to the butterflies and Spliingidw, of which he recorded 53
species, furnishing references to many of the older authors, and
extremely copious notes. That it should never have been extended to
other groups has always been a ground for regret. Now I am glad
to find that Mr. J. E. Eobson is drawing up a complete Catalogue,
which, in his hands, is certain to prove of great value. For present
use he has obliged me with the portion of it which refers to the
Noctucd, with promise of further help in the future.

For Westmoreland I find no collected list.

In Cumberland Mr. G. B. Routledge has furnished a MS. list
of 400 species observed within a few miles of Carlisle ; and I have
had the opportunity of noting down particulars of a large collection
made in the same county by Mr. G. Dawson. There is also in the
" Entomologists' Record," vol. vi, a list of nearly 400 species, found
near Keswick by Mr. H. A. Beadle, which seems to be carefully
drawn up.

The poverty of records in Wales is most extraordinary. For
thirty or forty years past the Liverpool entomologists (at least) have
been assiduously working in North Wales, and no collected record of
their work, so far as I know, exists ! In South Wales there are in
this Magazine and elsewhere short lists of captures by Sir J. T. D.
Llewelyn, Capt. Robertson, Mr. Holland, and others, but I know of
nothing aspiring to be called a Catalogue, unless I claim that title for
my own meagre MS. list of 750 species taken in South Pembrokeshire,
probably the poorest entomological district in the Principality.

In Scotland the state of things is very different. In the
"Naturalist," 1851-2, is a list of about 380 species found in the
West of Scotland, with copious notes, by Mr. John Gray, which
is carefully worked out, and, with the exception of one or two evi-
dent errors, is I think quite reliable ; and still earlier, in the "Annals
and Magazine of Nat. Hist., 1839, in the "Fauna of Twizell," by Mr.
P. J. Selby, is a list of 360 species taken in Berwickshire. In 1871,
the late Dr. F. Buchanan White brought out " Fauna Perthensis :
Part i, Lepidoptera,''' published by the " Perthshire Society of Natural
Science," containing a list of 550 species, including Pyralides, Cram-
bites, and a few Tortrices : a valuable list of the species found in that
richest of Scottish counties — Perthshire — very reliable, and enriched
with much useful information.

Immediately after this, 1872 to 1879, he brought out in the

R 2

]^9G September,

" Scottish Naturalist " his " Insecta Scotica — Lepidopfera :" a list of
the 3Iiicro- Lrpidopfera of Scotland, amounting to nearly 500 species,
showing their distribution into thirteen districts ; these being so
arranged as to divide the country in accordance with its natural river-
basins. Much other information is given as to food and time of
appearance of the larvae, and dates and habits of the perfect insects,
with their natural range of distribution. Lest this should be in-
sufficient, he further sent me, before his death, a MS. list of the
species, corrected to date, and indicating more distinctly their distri-
bution in Scotland.

Previously to this, a list of 480 species, under the title of " The
Lepidopterous insects of Midlothian," by Dr. W. H. Low^e and Mr.
R. F. Logan, was published in the " Naturalist," 1852; and in the
'Zoologist," 18G1, a list of 384 species "found within the province
of Moray," by the Rev. George Gordon, M.A. Both tbese, so far as
they relate to Macro- Lepidoptera, are incorporated with Dr. White's
general list ; but as both contain a considerable number of Micro-
Lepidoptera as well, they are still valuable.

In 1879, the late Sir Thomas Moncrieffe published, in the "Scottish
Naturalist," a list extending to GOO species, of the Lepidoptera
inhabiting an area of one mile round his own house at Moncrieffe
Hill, Perthshire — a very useful and valuable paper, including all
groups of the Z<?^^Jop^era, containing an immense amount of informa-
tion, and even dealing largely with specific and local variation.

For the Clyde Valley I have a MS. list, undated, but at least
thirty years old, by Dr. T. A. Chapman, of species taken by himself,
his late father, Mr. Thomas Chapman, and a few' friends. This extends
to 560 species, and docs not include Tineidce ; it is a useful and
reliable list, with many notes. More recently (1870), in "Notes on
the Fauna and Flora of the AVest of Scotland," Mr. J. J. King
furnished a list which extends to the Tineidce, and includes 680 species,
but only refers to a portion of the same district lying on the nortb
side of the Clyde. It is carefully drawn up, and gives numerous
localities.

For Roxburghshire a list of between 300 and 400 species has
been published by Mr. Adam Elliot in the Proceedings of the Berwick-
shire Naturalists' Club, with notes on a few of the insects, and he
has since obliged me with the names of such additional species as
have occurred. Moreover, he has just published, in the "Annals of
Scottish Natural History," a revised list of species captured by himself,
in which a considerable number of lU icro-Lepidoptera are added.

ist»7.] 197

In 1892 Dr. E. W. Carlier contributed to tbe " Annals of Scottish
Natural History " a list of over 100 species found at Balerno, Mid-
lothian, with numerous notes. This does not extend to the Ilicro-
Lepidoptera. The latter are, however, included, and very fully
represented, in " Notes on Lepidoptera collected in the Edinburgh
district" by Mr. W. Evans, F.R.S.E., published in the same periodical
in the present year. The writer, in the Macro-Lepidoptern , mentions
only the more important and scarcer species, but goes very thoroughly
into the later groups, furnishing the results of his own assiduous
collecting of them for the last two or three years, supplying localities,
notes, and indeed almost all that we know about the Micro-Lepidoptera
of the Forth district.

In vol. vii of this Magazine is a paper by Dr. E. Buchanan White
upon the Lepidoptera of Strathglass, w^herein he recorded about 200
species ; but with this exception, I find no connected list of species
for Inverness-shire, Aberdeenshire, Kincardineshire, Argyleshire, or
Sutherlandshire, although all these are well known and rich collecting
districts.

It is quite otherwise with the Isles, notwithstanding that their
species are, apparently, far less numerous. In the " Entomologist,"
1888, are lists of 146 species in the Hebrides, 108 in the Orkneys,
and 96 in the Shetland Isles ; and although these are mainly the
results of working in one or two islands in each group, an extension
of the investigation to other islands does not appear greatly to increase
the number of species ; but thirteen additions are made to the Shetland
List by Messrs. J. J. F. X. King, Percy M. Bright, and Wm. Keid, in
their record of "Ten weeks' collecting in Unst " in this Magazine for
January, 1896.

For Ireland the first collected list seems to have been that by the
Rev. J. Greene and the Rev. A. R. Hogan, published about 1856 by
the " Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Association ;" this,
which I have not seen, is said to have contained 636 species.

These were further included, with numerous additions, in the
" Lepidoptera of Ireland," by the late Mr. Edwin Birchall, published
in this Magazine for 1860-7. This extended to 1000 species, including
the Tineidcp, with numerous interesting notes, but also some apparently
erroneous entries. After his spending many years in verifying or
correcting these doubtful entries, and in extensive collecting in
various previously unworked portions of Ireland, a very full Catalogue
is at the present time in course of publication by Mr. W. F. de V.
Kane, in the "Entomologist." In the Macro- Lepidoptera, now com-

\Q:^ [September,

pleted, is a large amount of valuable information u[)on localities and
the variation of species, but it still contains records of species which
require confirmation. These seem to be derived from a considerable
list of species observed at Clonbrock, Co. Galway, by the Hon. E. E.
Dillon, published in the same magazine. A considei'ation of the
species therein included, as compared with the Lepidopterous fauna
of the rest of Ireland, seems to lead to the conclusion that groups of
rare or local species must have transferred themselves from various
spots in the South of England, or of the continent, to that one
favoured, far west locality ; and that they must have, in a considerable
degree, altered their habits and modes of life by the way.

In the "Irish Naturalist," 1893, is a list of 2(jO species of Mncro-
Lepidoptera taken in the neighbourhood of Londonderry, drawn up
by Mr. D. C. Campbell ; and he, with his brother and Mr. J. N. Milne,
have furnished some information as to the Micros of that district ;
the same has been done by the Rev. W. F. Johnson and Mr. C. A.
Watts for Armagh, Donegal, and Belfast; at the other end of the
country the Rev. W. W. Flemyng has supplied much information for
Waterford ; and intermediately the Rev. J. Bristowe and Mr. G. V.
Hart for Dublin and the surrounding districts. I think that the only
other important contribution to our knowledge of Irish Lepidoptera
is Col. C. E. Partridge's record in this Magazine for 1893 and 1S95,
of his own and Capt. E. W. Browne's captures at Enniskillen.

It would be absurd to close this slight sketch of our progress in
local knowledge of our Lepidoptera without referring to the com-
prehensive Catalogue by Mr. J. Jenner Fust, published in the
" Transactions of the Entomological Society of London," 1868, in
which the distribution was given of all the then known species in-
habiting Great Britain and Ireland, so far as had then been investi-
gated. This paper, which is of a most elaborate character, and must
have cost an enormous amount of work, shows the distribution of each
species as to, in the first place provinces, and in the second sub-
provinces, in the manner adopted with reference to wild flowers in
the " Cybele Britannica." The whole of the British Isles are therein
divided into eighteen provinces, and thirty -eight sub-provinces, and to
these the species of Lepidoptera are assigned by Mr. Fust in the two
tables, to which also he adds a summary. By the nature of these
lists or tables localities and general information are excluded, and the
authorities are only generally funiislicd in the introductions.

{To be continued).

18-17] 199

HINTS ON REARING BOMBYX RUB I.
BY JOHN E. ROBSON, F.E.S.

A difficulty has always been expeinenced in rearing Boinbyx rubi
from its earlier stages, because the larvse, which are full fed in
autumn, cannot then be induced to pupate, and can only be hibernated
by a very full exposure to the changes of the weather. This may
appear a simple matter, but it does not prove so easy of accomplish-
ment, for, besides exposure to the severity of the winter, they also
require to experience the more genial effects of the direct rays of the
sun in spring. To combine these, yet to confine the larvae, generally
proves so difficult that very few ever reach the pupal state.

On our sandhills, where the larvae swarm in autumn, they retire
below the surface when full-fed, and, remaining there during the more
severe weather, emerge in spring to bask in the rays of the morning
sun, retiring again after mid-day as it declines. They do not go far
down, and are always susceptible to warmth after the new year. I
once noticed them out so early as January 10th, but that is quite an
exceptional date, as the day was unusually warm for the time of year.
Generally speaking March is well in before they appear in any num-
bers, but any really warm day may bring them out.

I have had occasion to cross a portion of our sandhills at least
twice a week during the greater part of this year. This has given me
an opportunity of observing them in their natural habitat, and also of
obtaining a large number to rear at home. I saw them first on
February lOth ; it was exceptionally fine for the time of year, with a
west wind and hot sun. I picked up about 50 as I crossed— a walk of
about half a mile. I could easily have obtained very many more by
w^alking to and fro. On the 13th, an equally warm day, they were
just as numerous, and I took 20 or 30 more.

I had found long ago, that when a number of them were enclosed
in a breeding cage with moss to spin in, one disturbed another and
prevented them making their cocoons, only a small proportion reaching
maturity. To prevent this I had placed each larva in a separate chip
box {\\ oz. size). In these they spun up readily, but there was always
a proportion of circular cocoons, in which the larva had not length to
straighten itself out before pupating, resulting in a crippled pupa
that never produced an imago. Attributing it to the shape of the box,
I now enclosed each in a separate paper box two inches square. These
were numbered and dated and placed on the shelf over the kitchen
fire. Most of the earliest batch had spun their cocoons by the 14th,
and by February 20th they all had done so.

200 [September,

I was over the ground again mi February 14th, but the weather
had changed since the preceding day, when they were out in abundance.
A cold ensterly wind was blowing now, and not a solitary larva of B.
ruhi could be found. This cold weather continued with more or less
severity until M:irch 21st, ruhi remaining in close concealment all the
time. On this day the wind veered round to the west, the sun shone
brightly, and the temperature was high, but I had not the opportunity
of noting the degree ; rubi larvae were out in numbers far exceeding
anything I had seen before. Several collectors were on the ground,
and to my knowledge more than a thousand larvse were taken off this
short range of sandhills. Yet no perceptible difference appeared in
the numbers about, notwithstanding so many being taken. I took a
considerable number, and treated them exactly as the others, isolating
them, and placing the boxes, all numbered and dated, in the same warm
situation. These commenced to spin within 2t hours, but the larva?
continued to crawl about out of doors for another fortnight, though,
after the 25th, their numbers diminished very rapidly. The last day
on which I noticed them was April llth, when I found nine.

On April 4th an imago from the iirst batch appeared — a female.
As I would not disturb them too much, the following particulars are
of periods commencing when the larva* were taken, and ending with
the appearance of the imagines I cannot give the date of pupation.
The first batches (those taken on February 10th and 13th) produced
imagines in an average of 58.' days, the longest period being 64 days,
the shortest 58. Those found six to nine weeks later (March 21st to
April 11th) only took an average of 28 days, the longest period being
35 days, the shortest 21. In all cases the first to appear were females,
the males emerging three or four days later.

It was necessary to open the boxes and remove the cocoons before
the inmates emerged. I again found a number of perfectly circular
cocoons. The chip boxes were two inches across, not a great space
for so large a larva. In the paper boxes there was a length of three
inches from corner to corner, which was more than enough. It seemed
strange, that with abundance of space, they should spin these circular
cocoons (one of which was only three quarters of an inch in diameter),
in which they could not straighten themselves out. In two cases the
larva» had not changed when I opened the boxes ; I therefore tore the
cocoon open, and found the contracted larva? curved, back outwards,
and not able to straighten out, but when they cast the larval skins the
pupae were all right, and both produced perfect imagines. In all the
olherrs the pupa? were bent round, and more or less imperfect on the

1897.] 201

under-side. One only produced an imago ; it was hopelessly deformed,
and unable even to use its legs. One pupa in an ordinary cocoon was
exceedingly small, and it produced the smallest imago (a male) that I
have yet seen ; it is not more than quarter the size of a fully developed
moth, and bore evidence of starvation in having the wings almost
devoid of scales. The pale lines too, which form the edge of the band,
are in close contact for their entire length, so that in lieu of a band
there is merely a double oehreous line. Other two males, both
undersized, had these lines in contact on the inner margin and partly
across, three or four had them closely approximating, with a portion
of the area (usually darker than the rest of the wing) filled up with
the same pale oehreous scales. The curves of these marginal lines
vary very much, and are not always alike on both wings. There is, as
might be expected, considerable diversity in shade, but all are cold
brown, never approaching the richer red-brown of southern examples.

There is rather less variety in the markings of the females, but
they are of the same character. The curves of the margin of the
band differing, and sometimes approaching each other on the inner
margin. In one specimen, with a band of average width, the space
between the margins is all pale whitish-grey. No corresponding spe-
cimen appears among the males, where the band is only pale when
narrow. Some of the females have a tendency towards the brown
hue of the males, and these are all large and evidently well nurtured
specimens.

The most interesting point is that the earlier found larvge, though
pupating almost as quickly as those found later, were so much longer
in producing the perfect insect. All were exposed to the same con-
ditions after capture, and I would have expected them to remain about
the same time in pupa ; yet the earlier found larvae required from 53
to 64- days to produce the imago, and the later ones only 21 to 35 days,
some of them being, therefore, three times as long in pupa as others.
May we deduce from this a reason why they cannot be forced through
in autumn. Though pei-fectly full-fed, they are evidently not mature,
and require eight or nine months for the slow internal changes neces-
sary. The autumn larvae will die rather than spin their cocoons.
Four or five months later they will spin and pupate, but the needed
time is taken in the pupal state. A somewhat parallel case may be
cited in Lyccena Ahus, which remains nine or ten months as a full-fed
larva.

Hartlepool : August \st, 1897.

202 [September,

FOUR NEW SPECIES OF ARROPALA.
BY G. T. BETHUNE-BAKER, F.L.S.

Arhopala sangiea, n sp.

cj . Upper-xide : primaries exceedingly pale silvery-blue, almost as pale as
argentea, Stgr., bluer towards the outer margins, ■with a subtriangular apical patch
of rich, deep, dark purple; costa very narrowly black, outer margin broadly black, de-
creasing in width very rapidly from the second median nervule. Fringes black, tipped
■with white from the second median nervule. Secondaries very pale, beautiful slightly
silvery-blue, losing the silvery tint beyond the extremity of the cell. Costa greyish
to the subcostal nervule, outer margin very finely black. Tail, at the end of the
third median nervule, rather long, black, tipped ■with white, on each side of which
is a small blackish marginal spot. Fringes black tipped ■with ■white, abdominal fold
■whitish. Underside dark greyish-brown, with all the spots and fascise broadly
marked out with white, as follows : primaries, a fine short white line from base to
the second cell spot, three large increasing cell spots, over the second and third are
smaller spots up to the costa, all these spots are bordered broadly laterally with
white, so as to appear more fasciae than spots, the transverse fascia very irregular,
the first small spot beginning very near the third cell spot, the second shifted
outwards, third and fourth confluent, shifted still further out, fifth right inwards,
its outer lateral edging being almost confluent with the inner edging of the fourth
spot, and its inner edging being practically confluent with the outer edge of the
third cell spot, sixth spot shifted yet further in, with its inner white border pro-
jected right inwards to the second cell spot ; submarginal fascia continuous, very
distinct from the costa to the inner margin, rather broadly edged with white, and
following the line exactly of the wing margin ; outer margin bordered with white,
very finely intersected by the nervules ; subdiseoidal area with a whitish patch in
the middle ; submedian area white, with a brown central spot. Secondaries with a
short white streak over the costal vein, extending about a third along the costa.
Four basal spots, none completely encircled, the upper three touching each other,
the fourth shifted inwards, being hook-shaped, and touching the last spot of the
transverse fascia, these are followed by three spots below each other across the centre
of the cell, cell closed by a large quadrate spot, laterally edged, below which the
usual one is marked by a long white dash extending nearly to the transverse fascia,
which is very irregular, the first spot having its inner edge confluent with that
of the second spot, which is also confluent with the outer edge of the quadrate cell
spot, second spot larger, with its outer edge shifted outwards, third and fourth spots
shifted right outwards and confluent, the inner edge touching the outer edge of the
previous spot, fifth shifted inwards, sixth slightly inwards, but inclined rather
outwards, seventh angular spot shifted right inwards, quite dislocated, and confluent
with the eighth long spot, which forms as it were a long extension of it ; submarginal
fascia distinct, broadly bordered with white ; marginal line white ; lobe spot and
one on each side of tail velvety-black, the middle one being almost obliterated by
very pale silvery-blue metallic scales, the other two edged above by the same
coloured scales. Expanse, (J , 44 mm.

Hah. : Sai^iiiv.

i«97.] 203

This lovely little species will come between aronya, Feld., and
argentea^ Stgr., but may be known from either by the very distinct
colouration of the upper surface, which is very close indeed to that of
Thcha, Hew., but is much more silvery and with very much less purple.

Akiiopala Brahma, n. sp.

$. Ujjper-side : botli wings rich purple, much the same colour as Hercules,
Hew., but not lustrous, though in some lights there is a slight lustre visible ; costa
of primaries with an exceedingly fine brown marginal line ; fringes brown, with no
anteeiliary line at all to either primaries or secondaries ; eosta of secondaries rather
broadly brown, and abdominal fold brown. Under-side : both wings very dull
greyish-brown, with all the markings inclined to obsoletion, specially in the prima-
ries ; the only marking really visible in the primaries is the transverse band, which
is just discernible, it is apparently composed of five spots, the first three placed in a
slight arc, the fourth and fifth directly below each other and shifted very slightly
inwards. In the secondaries the four basal spots are present, the upper two being
barely discernible, the three below each other across the cell are fairly distinct, as
also is that closing the cell, below which is a trace of a small triangular one ; trans-
verse band composed of eight catenulated spots, the third being shifted right
outwards, just touching the outer edge of the second, fourth shifted slightly outwai-ds,
fifth and sixth with a very slight outward inclination, seventh angular spot dislo-
cated right inwards and touching the eighth spot; there is a slight trace of a
submarginal fascia, a very fine |iale ante-marginal line. Expanse, 42 mm.

9 . Both wings bluish-purple. Primaries broadly blackish-brown to near end of
cell, where this colour suddenly widens and forms a large subtriangular blackish angular
patch ; outer margin broadish, decreasing rapidly from the second median nervule
to the anal angle. Secondaries with broad brown costa and narrow brown outer
margin, increasing slightly as it neavs the anal angle ; abdominal fold greyish. The
only ? before me has been stained to a very dull violet, but nearly a third of the
left secondary is of the original colour, and I have taken this as the ground-colour
of the whole wing. There is no doubt as to the discolouration. Under-surface
precisely as in the male, but all the markings larger and fairly distinct, and in the
primaries the three increasing cell spots and that in the lower median angle are
discernible, all the spots ax"e light edged, those of the primaries are more obscure
than the secondaries. Expanse, 45 mm.

Hah. : Perak.

This species will come next to hypomuta, Hew. ; it can, however,
be recognised by its larger size and the brighter purple of the upper
surface, also by the obsoletion of markings beneath, the transverse
bands being different in shape, and by the lack of any metallic scales
at the anal angle of the secondaries.

AlinOPALA IJANENSIS, 11. Sp.
S . Upper-side : both wings pale azure blue, slightly lustrous ; primaries with
the costa broadly blackish almost to the cell margin, and increasing in width towards

204 - [September,

the apex, where it is very broadly blackish ; posterior margin broadly black, de-
creasing towards the anal angle ; secondaries, costa and posterior margin broadly
dark grey, the latter being slightly sprinkled with bluish dustings ; abdominal fold
pale greyish ; tail brown, of moderate length, tipped with white. Under-side : both
wings chocolate-brown, the spots are almost of the colour of the ground surface,
being patterned-out more or less finely with white ; primaries with a large basal cell
spot, followed by a very large one all across the cell, which is confluent with the
third still larger and very irregular spot closing the cell ; between both the second
and third spots and the costa are one or two small spots, all these spots have broad
whitish margins, which do not extend round the upper edge, beneath the third is a
largish spot in the lower median angle ; the transverse catenulated band is very
irregular, composed of six or seven spots, the first on the costa very small, the second
shifted far out, the third inwards, the fourth slightly outwards, the fifth a large spot
well inwards, the sixth well outwards as to its inner margin, but the outer margin is
confluent with that of the fifth spot, but has an outward inclination, below this is a
small detached spot (sometimes absent) ; submarginal row present, fairly distinct,
but ill defined ; subdiscal area dark ; submedian and median area and spaces between
the cell spots pale gi'eyish ; the costal and apical areas have a purplish tint ; secondaries
with a broad tapering costal streak of dark brown, beneath which is a trace of a
greyish dusted narrow streak, rather ill defined and indistinct, except just in the
cell ; at the extreme basal tip of the costa is a dark spot, four rather indistinct basal
spots, second and third quite small, the third largish and rather indistinct, followed
by three, the central of which is across the centre of the cell, whilst the third one
below it is large, irregular, very finely margined with whitish and shifted well
outwards ; in the subcostal angle is a small dark spot, whose outer lower edge
touches the long irregular spot closing the cell, below which is a largish spot in the
lower median angle ; transverse band irregular, composed of eight spots, the first
indistinct, second distinct and shifted outwards, third further out, and fourth still
further outwards, but with an inward inclination, fifth well inwards, sixth outwards,
seventh angular spot right inwards, completely detached, and touching the eighth
spot; submarginal row indistinct ; the anal area is sparingly dusted over a con-
siderable space with metallic-blue scales ; in the interspace beyond the tail is a very
large black marginal spot and a small one at the extreme angle, between which there
is a slight indication of another. Expanse, 48 — 50 mm.

? exactly like the $ in every respect, except that the blue of the upper surface
is very slightly less in its extent. Expanse, 48 — 50 ram.

Hah. : Perak (Guuong Ijan).

This species is very close to suhfasciata, Moore, but it can be
readily recognised by the different colour of the blue, which is not at
all silvery like Moore's species, the blue is also of less extent, and it
is a more robust looking insect. On the under-side it is more uniform
in tone, lacks the light distinct irroration in both wings, and markedly
lacks the broad, very distinct, creamy stripe extending from the base
to the apex of the secondaries.

It will come next to suhfasciata, I\Ioore.

1897.] 205

Arhopala gunongeksis, n. sp.

S . Upper-side : both wings azure blue, purplish in side lights ; primaries with
the eosta of medium width, black, increasing towards the apex ; outer margins very
broadly black, also increasing towards the apex ; secondaries with very broad blackish
margins all round ; abdominal fold grey. Under-side : both wings pale brown with
a tinge of olive, with darker spots palely encircled ; the primaries with tliree slightly
increasing cell spots, all small, below the third a smaller one in the lower median
angle, and a trace of anothei* below the second ; transverse band composed of five
indistinct spots, the first three very oblique outwardly, the fourth and fifth below
each other and shifted inwards ; submarginal row indistinct ; submedian area paler ;
secondaries with four small basal spots below each other, the third shifted slightly
outwards, followed by four larger spots below each other with an inward inclination,
the fourth of these is really the eighth spot of the catenulated baud, which has
become detached therefrom ; cell closed by a subovate spot, below which is a small
triangular one ; transverse catenulated band composed of seven spots, the second
shifted well outwards, third well out, fourth further out, fifth slightly inwards, sixth
very slightly outwards, seventh angular spot well inwards and detached ; submarginal
row distinct, three spots of silvery pale blue metallic scaling, beneath which is a
trace of two dark spots. Expanse, 36 mm.

$ . Upper-side : both wings paler than the S > and with narrower margins.
Under-side : both wings just like the <J , but greyer. Expanse, 30 mm.

Sab. : Perak (Grunoug Ijan).

Tbis species is somewhat near Deva, B.-B., but the blue is by no
means so brilliant and lustrous, and the broad margins in the ^ at
once differentiate it ; it is one of the rare instances where both sexes
have nearly the same extent of blue.

Edgbaston, Birmingham :
June, 1897.

DYSCRITINA LONGISETOSA, Westw., IS A FORFICULID LAEVA.
BY E. EENEST GREEN, F.E.S.

'Tou will be pleased to hear that I have at length completed the

history of Dyscritina. After keeping two specimens for a long time

in captivity they rewarded my patience by developing into very

ordinary -looking earwigs, with well -developed wings and normal

forceps, and I have since caught a specimen on the wing, attracted by

my evening lamp. Before the final change — at the penultimate

ecdysis — -the caudal appendages were abruptly abbreviated, nothing

but the long basal joint being left ; but this basal joint retained

its previous character, and had no resemblance to the forceps of the

perfect insect.

I am preparing a paper for the next Meeting of the Entomological

Society, in which I shall give an account of the transformations of

this curious insect.

Eton, Punduloya, Ceylon :

July 20th, 1897.

206 - [Sei>tcniber,

ON THE STRIDULATORY ORGANS OF TEOX.
BY DR. D. SHARP, F.E.S.

Probably almost every one who has handled a living specimen
belonging to this extensive genus is aware of its power of producing
sound ; a sound which can be felt when the insect is handled, as well
as heard. Hitherto, the way in which the sound is produced has not
been made out. Lacordaire (Gleuera des Coleopteren, iii, p. 151) says,
"ail the species, when seized, contract the head and legs and produce
a sound caused by the rubbing of the abflomen against the elytra."
Harold says, in his Monograph of the genus (Col. Hefte, ix, p. 13),
" the upwards directed portions of the sides of the ventral rings,
which are covered by the elytra, are very finely gj'anulated, and by
rubbing against the inner surface of the elytra produce the well-known
chirping which the creatures emit when handled." Leconte and Horn
say (Classif. N. Amer. Col., p. 247), '' the genus Trox possesses a
distinct stridulating organ ; it is an elliptical plate with pearly re-
flections occupying the upper part of the extreme face of the ascending
portion of the first ventral segment, and is covered by the elytra ; on
the inner surface of the elytra, near the margin, about opposite the
metathorax, is an oval, smooth, polished space, which has probably
some connection with the stiMdulating organ." On examining these
structures I was struck with the fact that they are totally dilferent in
their sculpture from all the other stridulating organs that have been
detected in beetles ; and at the same time they appeared to me very
ill-adapted to perform the function ascribed to them. I according!}^
made a careful examination of two different species of Trox, and was
soon rewarded by finding the usual form of Coleopterous stridulating
organ, though the parts are different in their positions from those of
any other beetles, so far as we know at present.

The elytra of Trox are so closely fitted together that they can
withstand great pressure. If taken off and examined it is found that
there is on the apical half of each, quite close to the suture, a fine
raised carina, the surface of which is beautifully striated. On
scratching this surface with a knife-edge, sound such as is characteristic
of Trox is heard. In order to scratch these strise there exist on the
penultimate dorsal segment two fine, sharply raised, ridges. One of
them is placed on the anterior margin of the segment, and in a large
North American species (which I am unable to name, sent me from
Arizona by Mr. Wickham) attains great perfection ; the second ridge
is placed just in front of the posterior margin of the segment. In

i8j»7.] 207

the South African Trox peniclllatm* the structures are similarly
situate, though the thape of the penultimate dorsal plate is rather
widely different.

These structures are beautifully developed, and have no doubt
escaped notice because the striate ridges are very slender, so that their
characteristic sculpture will not be seen unless looked for.

As regards the structure alluded to by Leconte and Horn, I
believe it has no connection with the stridulatory apparatus. A much
more extensive and highly developed system of similarly prepared
surfaces exists in the Passalid(B in connection with the spiracles, and I
incline to the opinion that these structures will be found to be con-
nected with respiration. The inner faces of the elytra of many beetles
have a beautifully pearly or minutely polished surface at the spot
where they are in apposition with the chief abdominal spiracle on each
side of the body. The presence of this area appears in fact to be the
rule rather than the exception in Goleoptera.

Cambridge : July 2lst, 1897.

A CUEIOUS HABIT IN CERTAIN MALE PERLIBM.
BY C. A. BRIQGS, P.E.S.

The Perlidce are such bad subjects for the damp box that I always
bring home my specimens alive in glass-topped boxes, killing and
setting them at leisure. It is owing to this that I noticed the curious
habit to which I refer.

One day while sitting with a number of full boxes on the table
before me, my attention was aroused by a low but distinct tapping
noise, which I ultimately traced to boxes occupied by ^ GJdoroperla
grammatica. At first I thought it was a case of stridulation, but
further observation showed that the noise was entirely caused by
percussion, and was produced by the i^ curling upwards the last seg-
ment of the body and striking the bottom of the box violently with
the under-side of the next segment, just where there is a little hard
protuberance ; the caudal setae being violently agitated at the same
time.

I have since watched a great number of specimens, and though I
have occasionally noticed the rapping while the insect was on the side
of the box, 1 have never noticed it while the insect was clinging,

* The specimen examined is from the Hedjaz province of Arabia, whence the species has,
I believe, not been previously recorded.

208 [September,

under-side up, on that which for the time was the top o£ the box, nor
have 1 knowMi it produced by the ? s. A similar, but very much
louder noise is produced by the (J of Perla cephalofes, and, I think,
also by that of P. maxima. In the case of P. cephalotes the noise is
sometimes nearly as loud as that produced by a mouse nibbling behind
a wainscot. P. cephalotes gives three or four raps only at a time, but
Ch. grammatica gives three or four series of raps in quick succession,
each series consisting of four raps.

I do not at present see the object of this habit, which I have only
observed in confinement, and which did not seem to produce any par-
ticular effect on ? s in adjacent boxes, nor can I find any meutiou of
it in the few authors who have written on the group. Is it an instance
of " calling," confined to ^Js, so many of which in this group have the
wings more or less abortive ?, or is it an expression of rage ? Slapping
the floor with the stomach seems a curious way of expressing the
feelings !

Rock House, Lynmoutli, N. Devon :
Augunt nth, 1897.

[Mr. Briggs' valuable observations should be followed up and
further elucidated, and especially as to whether it is the motion only,
or the sound produced by the motion, that is the essential factor. The
bottom of a chip or cardboard box is a resonant surface, the like of
which would scarcely occur to the insect in a state of nature: a dead
leaf would probably be the nearest. It would be interesting to know
the behaviour of pairs ( (^ ? ) of the insects or of several of each sex
confined in the same box. — R. McLachlan.]

THE CIMEX IN THE NESTS OF DOMESTIC FOWLS.
BY J. W. nOUGLAS, F E S.

Since the publication of the notes on this subject ([)p. 159 and
185, ante), I have become aware that one of the Bulletins of the
U. S. Department of Agriculture* contains, among other matters of
much interest, copiously and excellently illustrated, an account of
Acanthia inodora, A. Duges.f a species infesting poultry in Mexico, with
a figure of it prepared from specimens forwarded by Dr. A. Duges.

* Bulletin No. 5, n. s. U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Division of Entomology. Insects affecting
domestic animals : an account of the species of importance m North America, with mention of
related forms occurring on other animals. Prepared under the direction of the Entomologist, by
Herbert Osborn, Professor of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa Agricultural College, Ames, Iowa.
Washington, 1896. pp. 1 — SOti.

t La Naturaleza, 2nd Series, vol. ii, 1892, p. 169, PI. viii, 8 tigs.

189V.] 209

The insect is not described in this paper, but referring to the
figure the writer of the article says, p. 161 : —

" It will be seen that the form is quite distinct from that of the ordinary house
bug, especially in the excavation of the prothorax in front, which is very slight, the
lateral angles not projecting forward on the sides of the head."

Jenyns' descriptions of his three species — columbaria, hirundinis
and pipisirelli are copied in full ; A. hirundinis is figured entire, and
an antenna of hirundinis, lectularia and inodora are figured side by
side to show the different proportions of the joints in each.
Prof. C. H. Tyler Townsend writes of A. inodora : —
" There exists in Southern New Mexico a Cimicid, known by the Mexican name
of "Coruco," which is an unmitigated pest to poultry in this region. When the
insect once gains access to the hen-house it soon swarms in great numbers, infesting
the inmates and roosts, and covering the eggs with the excrementa, which show as
black specks. It is a very difficult pest to exterminate, and has been frequently
known to spread from roosts to dwelling houses, where it proves more formidable
than the bed-bug. This insect also exists in western Texas."

These particulars are very much like those quoted by Mr. Theobald
(p. 185 ante) ; still the European species may not be the same as the
American, nor yet identical with A. columbaria or lectularia, as seems
to have been generally assumed, and so the matter is worthy of
investigation.

153, Lewisham Road, S.E. :
August, 1897.

NOTES ON SOME TENTHREDINIDM, WITH ADDITIONS TO THE

BRITISH LIST.

BY THE EEV. F. D. MOEICE, M.A., F.E.S.

Since the beginning of this year 1 have been in correspondence
with the well-known authority on TenthredinidcB, &c., Pastor Konow
of Teschendorf (Mecklenburgh), who has rendered me the greatest
possible assistance in determining British specimens, as to whose
identity I was either doubtful or altogether in the dark. Herr Konow
finds among my specimens (which were nearly all taken either in
Surrey or in Warwickshire) several which are additions to the British
list, and a few which may prove to be new species. Of these,
however, I shall at present say nothing. They are mostly isolated
specimens, and some are (most unfortunately) "carded," so that it is
impossible to examine them properly ; nor am I yet in a position to
give a complete list even of those, which are certainly species known

210 [September,

on the Continent, bnt not recorded from Eiii^land. The following
will be, accordingly, only a sort of " interim report," in which I shall
mention a few of Herr Konow's determinations of my captnres, and
add such stray notes as occur to me on particular species.

1. Tenthredopsis litterata, Geoff. (= Thomsoni, Knw.). — The females of this
species (see Cameron, Mon., iv, p. 153) figure in collections under a variety of names,
cordata, microcephala,femoralis, &c. They differ widely in colour, but may be
known in all cases by the very large hypopygium. Mr. Cameron says he has never
seen its real male, that which he had assigned to it in liis first volume being really
the male of Coqueberti (= ignolilis. Cam.). I have taken, however, several speci-
mens of the true litterata {S) both in Surrey and in Warwickshii-e. It is very
unlike any of the forms of its ? , its colour being a pale orange-red with whitish
and dusky markings on the head and thorax ; and it differs from all other British
species in having the last ventral segment widely emarginate at the apex.

2. Tenthredopsis nassata, L. — Plerr Konow identifies a ? taken by me this year
at Byfleet (Surrey) as nassata, L., var. tutea, F. (= rufata, Knw.). Mr. Cameron
(vol. iv, p. 157) says, " neither among my Continental nor British species can I find
a specimen which I can identify as nassata, Knw." This species, then, is apparently
new to our list.

3. The nassata of Cameron (vol. i) is named by Konow Raddatzi, n. sp. Of
this T have taken several specimens, vvhicli includes Konow's three varieties, inornata,
sagmaria, and dorsata.

•t. Tenthredopsis spreta, Lep. (= obsctira, Knw.). — This species also appears to
be " new to Britain." I have taken a (J in Surrey and a ? hi Warwickshire.

5. Tenthredopsis Coqueberti, Klg. (= ignobilis. Cam.). — This is perhaps the
commonest species in Surrey. I have taken it abundantly h\ several localities.

6. Tenthredopsis campestris, L. (= scutellaris, Pz.). — Konow notes a $ in my
collection taken at Virginia Water, " = fidviceps, Steph. !"

7. Allanttis distinguendus, de Stein. — I have taken this pretty species at Vir-
ginia Water. It is new to our list, and indeed has only very recently been discovered.

8. Dolertis ariceps, Thoms. — I have taken this species both in Surrey and in
Warwicksliire. Mr. Cameron seems not to know it as a British insect. It is like a
small pratensis, L. {=^ fulviventris, Cam.), but with distinctly shorter antennse.

9. Dolerus Thomsoni, "Kiwr. (= brevispina, Thoms., non Zadd.). — I have a ?
from the neighbourhood of Woking. According to Konow this species is Cameron's
anticus ; but to this Mr. Cameron demurs (Mon., iv, p. 164-), considering his species
to be the true anticus, Klg., and not Thomsoni. If he is right, we must have both
species (anticus and Thomsoni) in England, and the latter will be an addition to
our list.

10. Genus Loderus, Knw. — This genus has been separated from Dolerus to
embrace the species with " oblong" eyes. I have taken this year, in this neighbour-
hood, all the three British species belonging to it, viz., palmatus, Klg., vestigialis,
Klg., and p/'a^oruw. Fall. The last of these is only previously recorded as British
in Mr. Cameron's second volume (p. 220) from a capture by Mr. E. Saunders at
Chobham.

18!I7.] 211

11. Strongylognsler cincjulatus, F. — ^Though the ? of this is common, the $ is
said to be extremely rare. Mr. Cameron (Mon., i, p. 189) says, "I have only suc-
ceeded in getting one (? , which I bred," and " Mr. F. Smith . . . has taken in
all only five or six males." This spring, at Swanage, I found both sexes abundant
on ferns. I took five males, and could easily have secured a long series if I had
known that there was any object in doing so.*

Further remarks I reserve for a future occasion. I have already
alluded to the unfortunate fact that some of my specimens are
" carded," and therefore not determinable vrith certainty. At Herr
Konow's advice I have wholly abandoned this method of preparing
TenthredinidtiB, and venture to call the attention of collectors to a
sentence in one of his letters, which I shall personally always bear in
mind in future — " Aufgeklebte Hymeaoptern fiir wissenschaftliche
Untersuchungen vollig unbrauchtbar sind." Generally, in the Ten-
thredinidas, it is as necessary to examine the ventral surface as much
as the dorsal, and sometimes {e. g., in Tenthredopsis) even more so.
iSometimes, too, an insect is not determinable for certain without a
good view of the mouth, or the mesopleurse, or the under-side of the
legs, or the claws, all which parts are liable to be hidden in carded
specimens

Woking: August 12th, 1897-

Local Lists of British Lepidoptera. — One would suppose that all the workers
in the broad field of Natural History, more particularly those who make the British
insect fauna their chief study, would thoroughly endorse Mr. Barrett's remarks
{ante p. 187) on the usefulness of local lists ; but as one of the sponsors to the
" Fauna of the Counties of Kent, &c.," proposed by the South London Society, to
which he refers, I have grave reason for doubt whether any great amount of interest
is taken in such matters by the general body of Entomologists. Such lists to be of
any real value must be accurate, well up to date, and something more than mere
lists of names, and it was upon these lines that the South London Society proposed
to work. Evidently to attain such ends, something more than the " dry bones " of
published I'ecords would have to be resorted to, and the co-operation of a large
number of workers throughout the districts embraced in the scheme would have to
be sought. With a view to obtaining this, a note, accompanied in many cases by a
plan, &c., was widely circulated and accepted in a manner that appeared to portend
a successful result ; but the extreme apathy ultimately manifested, especially by
those outside the Society, proved only too clearly the utter want of interest in such
matters by the general body of Entomologists. Under such circumstances it is not
surprising that the somewhat elaborate machinery that the Society had prepared for
carrying out the project has been allowed to remain at a standstill.— Robt. Adkin,
Lewisham : August, 1897.

* I found the males commonly near Croydon at the end of May and beLnninuH- of June, 1867
-R. McL. ■

212 [September.

Deilephila gain in Devon.— I should Vike to record the capture of a larva of
Deilephila r/alii liere on the 7th inst. ; it spun up on the surface of the sand on the
13th. — C. F. BoNTXALL, Cofton Rectory, Starcross, Devon : August Ibth, 1897.

The larvcE of Depressaria heracleana. — In my garden a root of Heracleum
giganteiim annually puts forth numerous stems which in due time are crowned with
large, showy umbels of white flowers. But this year tlie full development of these
has been arrested, the stems being contorted and tightly drawn together, so as to
form in each instance a bulky mass, inside which are two or three Lepidopterous
larvae, which, as well as the said structures, are described and figured in " The
Natural History of the Tineina," vi, p. 112, pi. iii, fig. 2, as of Depressaria herac-
leana. I had supposed that these receptacles were formed to serve as lairs from
which the larvse made floral raids at night, the imago having crepuscular or nocturnal
habits, and was therefore much surprised on the 14th inst. to see several instances of
a larva stretched at full length on the top of what remained unconsumed of an
umbel, actively engaged in nibbling the uncxpanded flower-buds, and this in bright
sunshine, temp. 102° Fahr. ; f hey were naked, and not ashamed of the destruction
they had caused all round. I also saw one large larva rapidly descending a flower-
stem, among or over the green Aphides with which it was covered. This voluntary
exposure to the heat and light of a summer day I do not think has hitherto been
recorded. To-day I noticed in two or three places that white frass is exuding from
small holes in the stems, thrown out, doubtless, by larvse which have retreated there
to undergo their pupal change. " Nous revenons toujours a nos premieres amours,"
and I am glad of this opportunity to express the pleasure I have in renewing an
entomological liaison formed more than -i" years ago. — J. W. Douglas, 153, Lewisham
Road, S.E. : Jnlg \Wi, 1897.

Cimices in birds' nests ?. — As pigeons and swallows are known to harbour each
a particular species of Acanthia, it is not unreasonable to expect that other birds,
especially such as use the same nest or habitat year after year, e. g., sparrows,
jackdaws, starlings, woodpeckers, &c., have each their special attendant bug, one,
moreover, not yet known to science. Who will go up and explore ? It might easily
be done by the aid of a (boy) deputy, a ladder, a bag, a shilling, and a policy of
accident-insurance, given always the opportunity and the will. — Id.

Harpalus ruficornis, F., destructive to ripe straw/jerries. — When I penned the
few notes under this heading that appeared in the August No. of this Magazine
(p. 171 ante) I had overlooked Miss Ormerod's extended notes on the same subject
in her "Report" for 1895 (published early in 1896), which should be consulted by
all interested. From direct observation, and information received, her experience
and my own agree in the main. I would, however, repeat that in my opinion the
" mulch " or litter placed round the plants is mainly responsible for harbouring the
beetles, and that attention to this point will probably be the means of discovering a
method of lessening the evil. — R. McLachlax, Lewisham : August, 1897-

Some recent captures of British Coleoptera. — Among my captures this year are
the following : — New Forest — at Easter, Scaphidium quadrimaculatum and Mesosa

im.] 213

nubila, in decayed wood. In May, on the whitethorn, Caloxoma inquKsltor (abundant),
Corymbites bipustulatus, Ch/tus mysticus, Grammopfera prfsusta (6), and Pogono-
cheerus dentatus.

On the Downs between Horsley and Mickleham — In March, Chrysomela
goettiugensis. In May, Hedobia imperialis. During June and July, Cytilus varius,
Hoplia philanthus, Dascillus cervinus, Phytoecia cylindrica, Cryptocephalus ochro-
stonia, Mordella fasciata (abundant), Mordellistena abdominalis, M. humeralis, and
Clonus blattaricB ; also Molorchus minor and M. umbellatarum by sweeping under
fir trees.

At Wicken Fen — In July, Silis ruJicollis,Anthocomu.i terminatus {Q) , Agapanthia
lineatocollis, Oberea oculata {$ and ?), and Cteniopns sulphureus (4), the last
being unexpected so far from the coast. — W. J. Ashdown, Leatherhead : July 31st,
1897.

Tachys parvulus, Dej., Sfc, in Cornwall. — During a recent visit to Cornwall
(June 19th — July 15th), spent partly at Portscatho, Gerrans Bay (a few miles to the
east of Falmouth), and partly in the Scilly Islands and Penzance, a few interesting
Coleoptera and Hemiptera were met with, some of which have not been recorded
from so far west. The following species were observed on the mainland :* — Tachys
parvulus, Dej., sparingly, in three different localities in Gerrans Bay, at the base of
the cliffs, in sandy places kept moist by the percolation of freshwater from the high
ground above. This minute Tachys was somewhat doubtfully introduced as British
by Canon Fowler (Col. Brit.,i, p. 98), upon the authority of a single specimen found
at Wallasey in 1884', but subsequently placed by him amongst the doubtful species.
It is smaller than any of our other British Caral/idee, and may be easily known
from T. bistriatus by the deeply impressed dorsal strife of the elytra, the differently
shaped thorax, &c. T. parvulus is not rare in France, occurring both inland and
on the coast. Bembidium pa^lidipenne. 111., rarely, in damp sandy places, Gerrans
Bay ; -B. rufescens, Guer., common, in a dried-up watercourse, Gerrans Bay. Cillenus
lateralis, Sam., sparingly, Portcuil, on the muddy banks of the river running into
Falmouth Harbour. Lymnaum nigropiceum, Marsh., singly, on the beach, Port-
scatho. Aepus marinus, Strom, and A. liobini, Lab., rarely, Portscatlio and Falmouth,
in their usual habitat. Harpalus melancholicus, Dej., in some numbers, at White-
sand Bay, Land's End, in the sand ; M. tenebrosus, Dej., and H. ignamis, Dufts.,
rarely, Gerrans Bay. Amara bifrons, Gyll., and A. aulica, Panz., Whitesand Bay ;
A. ovata, Dej., Portscatho ; A. lucida, Dufts., Land's End. Agabus paludosus, F.,
and Uydroporus lituratus, F., in fresh water pools on the rocks, Portscatho.
Ochthehius Lejolisi, Muls. and Key, in abundance in various places in Gerrans Bay,
and also at Falmouth, in stagnant, shallow, brackish pools on the rocks occasionally
reached by high tides. It seems extraordinary that this insect so long escaped
observation in this country, as it occurs apparently in almost every suitable place
along these western coasts. The insect readily takes to wing, and must be constantly
shifting its quarters as the pools dry up. Many pairs were seen in copulation
swimming back downwards, and larvsB were noticed in the same pools. O. bicolon,

A list of the Scillonian species will be given in a subsequent paper.

2]^4 [Scptcmhi;!-,

Germ., Portscatho. Helophortis granuJaris, Thorns., and II. ceneipennis, Thoms., in
rock pools, with the Ochthehitis. Cercyon depressus^ Steph., under seaweed, Port-
scatho. Uomalota longula, Heer, abundant, in the damp sand, with the Tachys, at
Gerrans Bay ; H. plumbea, Wat., common, under seaweed. Actocharis Readingi,
Sharp, in some numbers at Falmouth, under stones below high-water mark, in the
locality discovered several years ago by Mr. J. J. Walker. Most of the specimens
were taken from the under-side of the stones, those in the sand and shingle generally
escaping. Diglossa mersa, Hal., with the preceding, Falmouth, and also at
Portscatho. Cafius fucicola, Curt., C. xantJioloma, Grav., and var. variolosus.
Sharp, and C. sericeus, Ilolme, under decaying seaweed, Portscatho. Actohius
signaticornis, Key, in damp places, with Homaloia longula, Portscatho. Ocypus
aier, Grav., Portscatho and Land's End. Trogophlosus halophilus, Kies., about
the rock pools, Portscatho. Silpha lavigata, F., Land's End, Penzance, and
Portscatho. Gnathoncus nauHetensis, Mars., under seaweed, Portscatho. Saprinus
virescens, Payk., fragments of a dead specimen picked up at Portscatho. Oehina
hedera, Miill., Portscatho. Opatrum sahulosum, Gyll., Land's End and Portscatho.
Heliopathes gihbus, F., common. Land's End, Penzance, and Portscatho. Cteniopns
sulphureus, L., Portscatho and Land's End, abundant, typical form only. Anthicus
tristis, Schmidt, common, under decaying seaweed, Portscatho. Nacerdes melanura,
Schmidt, Portscatho. Otiorrhynchus rugifrons, Gyll., and 0. ligneus, Oliv., Land's
End and Portscatho. Trachyphlaeus scaber, L., iStrophosomus retusus, Marsh., Port-
scatho. Exomlan pyrenceus, Bris., sparingly, by sweeping herbage on the batiks of
a stream, Portscatho. Ceulhorrhynchidius Dawsoni, Bris., Phytobius i-tuberculatus,
F., and Hypera suspiciosa, Herbst, Portscatho. Lamprosoma concolor, St., in a
rock pool, Portscatho. Chrysomela Banksi, F., Portscatho. Amongst the Hemi-
ptera, Geotomus pitnctidalux, Costa, occurred commonly at Whitesand Bay, Land's
End, in the original locality ; Dieuckes luscus^ F., at Portscatho; and Aepophilus
Bonnairei, Sign., singly, with the Actocharis, at Falmouth. — G. C. Champion,
Horsell, Woking : August llth, 1897.

Telmatophilus sparganii, Ahr. : note on male characters. — The males of this
species, like those of T. caricis, differ from the females in having the hind femora
incrassate, the hind tibiae arcuately dilated externally at the base (thus appearing
bowed), and the last ventral segment impressed in the middle. These characters
have not been noticed by English writers, and they appear also to have escaped the
observation of Kiesen wetter (Ins. Deutschl., iv, p. 671), who describes the sexual
peculiarities of three species of the genus. It is probable, however, that he
had females only of T. sparganii before him. Jacquelin Duval's figure (Gen.
Col. d'Europe, iii, t. 52, fig. 260) evidently represents a male, though the sex is iiot
stated. In the other European species of the genus, all of which it may be noted
are found in Britain, the males appear only to differ from the females in having the
last ventral segment fovcolate. This chai-acter I have not been able to verify in T.
brevicollis, my specimens apparently being all females : Kiesenwetter (op. cit., p.
672) states that the last ventral segment is broadly and deeply fovcolate. I am
indebted to Mr. Bennett for specimens of both sexes of 2'. sparganii from Wiu-
chelsca. — Id.

1S97.] 215

Application for Britlih Platt/pezidm. — I have been studying and describing
British Si/rphidcB, Pipunculidm and Platypezidce for the last few years, and while I
think I have seen and described nearly all the Syrphidce and PipunculidcB, I have
lamentably failed in the genus Plati/peza, and I may even admit that, after more
than thirty years' collecting, I have not seen a good pair of even one species of
that genus, tliough about a dozen species occur in Britain. I possess various good
specimens of CaZ/j/»^«a ; but of P/«<z//'e2a, though I have twenty or thirty of P.
modesta for instance, I have not seen a single male fit for description. If any one
can send me good specimens of Platypezidce I shall be glad to see them, and will
undertake to quickly return them ; and I may add, that I would very willingly
name any Pipunculidce, or difficult species of SyrphidcB belonging to such genera as
Chrysogaster or Pipiza. — G. H. Veeeall, Sussex Lodge, Newmarket: August, 1897.

Myrmoaa melanocephala in Warwickshire. — With the exception of a ? taken
by Mr. Martineau last year in Sutton Park, I believe this species has not been re-
corded from Warwickshire. Making a note to look for it this year, I had quite
forgotten it, when I accidentally came across the insect in the following manner.
On July 11th in the afternoon, working a stone wall in the road close to my house
for Crabros, I found a parasitic Metopid, and not being satisfied about the species I
went again at 6 o'clock in the evening hoping to take more, when, to my surprise, I
found a ? melanocepliala crawling on the wall. Acting on this T visited the wall
daily, until, on the morning of the 14th, between 9.30 and 10, I was rewarded by
taking two females and seven males. The males were crawling about the wall and
taking short flights, reminding me much of a Phytophagous Hymenopteron.

I visited the wall for several days, morning, noon and evening, but no more were
seen. Doubtless I had luckily hit upon the time the males were just emerging at
9.30, but as the wall was in the shade at that time, it is possible they may emero-e
earlier in a different situation. This capture is interesting, as Mr. Saunders, in his
work on the Hymenoptera, says, " little is known of its habits ; males occur on
flowers."— Ralph C Bradley, Sutton Coldfield : August, 1897.

Ceropales variegata near Hohmvood. — In August last year (1896) I was fortu-
nate enough to secure a ^ of the exceedingly rare Ceropales variegata in this
district. According to Mr. Ed. Saunders this insect is only known to have occurred
on five occasions in Grreat Britain, the last of these being as far back as 1876. I was
in doubt at the time as to where I took it, but yesterday (July 31st) I took both
sexes of the commoner C. maculata flying over a patch of the common heather
which I remember visiting on the day I secured C. variegata last year, and I have

little doubt now that it was taken at this spot and under similar conditions.

C. H. MoETiMEE, Wigmore, Holmwood, Surrey: August \st, 1897.

^oqiiittcs.

Birmingham Entomological Society : July Idth, 1897. — Mr. Q-. H. Ken-
rick in the Chair.

Mr. Bradley showed cocoons and imagines of Apanteles formosus, an ichneumon

21(3 [September, 1897.

parasitic on U. sanibucata, the cocoons being suspended from leaves, 4;c., by means
of long filaments ; also a male Sirex gigas from Sutton. Mr. Kenrick, some
Lepidoptera from Inverness-shire — Anarta melanopa, which he said was not long
ago supposed to be confined to Rannoch, but was now known to occur throughout
Inverness-shire at 3000 above the sea level, and he had also seen specimens from still
another locality ; these came from a spot nearly on the borders of Inverness-shire
and Perthshire, where the insect was common ; lie also showed from the same county
Hadena glauca, which was common, Scodiona helgiaria and Nemeophila plantaginis,
with dark females, which he believed to be var. hospiton. Mr. Chase, living larva)
of Eriogaster lanestris. — Colbran J. Wainweight, Hon. Secretary.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society:
June 2ith, 1897. — Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. W. H. Drury, F.R.H.S., of Kingston-on-Thames, and Mr. J. Sandison, of
Wimbledon, were elected Members.

Mr. South exhibited the series of Zygaena filipendulce taken in Middlesex, and
referred to at length in the Entomologist, July, 1897 ; he was unable to draw any
fine distinction between var. hippocrepidis and the type, and remarked that it was
necessary that conaiderahle attention should be paid to the ZygcencB before any cer-
tainty could be expressed as to the specific value of the various forms. Mr. Adkin,
series of Cyaniris {Lyccena) argiolus bred from ova and larvee taken last autunni at
Eastbourne (Proc. S. Lond. Ent. Soc, 1896, p. 110), and contributed notes.

July Zrd. — Field Meeting at Reigate.

July Sth. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. A. Perry, of Anerley, was elected a Member.

Mr. Lucas exhibited nymph cases of Anax formosiis taken by himself and Mr.
W. Prest at the Black Pond, Esher, in June. Mr. Auld, a fine bred series of Phoro-
desma hajuJarIa from the New Forest. Mr. Malcolm Burr, a small collection of
Orlhoptera from the Persian Gulf, collected by Mr.'J. H. Hiles ; they were chiefly
European species (see Entomologist, July, 1897). Mr. Ficklin, three specimens of
Dianthaecia luteago, var. Barrettii, from Cornwall this year ; they were very different
from the Irish form, being grey. This was interesting, as being the second well
authenticated occurrence of the species in England. Mr. Mera, a bred series of
Hadena dissimUis (suasa) from Essex, including a spct-imen having all the mai'kings
converted into longitudinal streaks. Mr. Turner, a bred series of Cleora lichenaria
from Ashdown Forest, and series of several species of Coleoptera, including Stran-
galia melanura from Ranmore Common, Clonus scrophularicB from Chalfont Road,
and Leptura livida from Canvey Island. Mr. R. Adkin, series of Eupithecia
satyrata, var. Curzoni, bred from Shetland larvae, and contributed notes. — Hy. J.
Turner, Hon. Secretary.

October, 1807.1 217

A PRELIMINARY LIST OF COLEOPTERA AND REMIPTERA OF
THE SCILLY ISLANDS.

BY a. C. CHAMPION, F. Z. S.

Very little appears to have been done in the way of entomological
collecting in the Scilly Islands, and a list of the Coleoptera and Semi-
ptera met with during my recent visit (July Gth to July 15th) may be
of some interest from a faunistic point of view. Making my head
quarters at Hugh Town, St. Mary's, I visited in turn Tresco, Samson,
Bryer, St. Martin's, St. Agnes, and Arthur, but was unable to land on
Annet, Kosevear, and others, when I made the attempt, the sea being
too rough at the time. Most of the outer coast is very rocky and
unsuitable for work, but on the inside there are several beautiful sandy
beaches, well sheltered from the wind, as on Tresco, though the sand
is too coarse and gritty on some of them to be of much use ; these
beaches having a fair amount of coast plants, such as Euphorbia para-
lias, Qlaucium, Erodium, Cakile, CritJimum, Eryngium, Salsola, &c.
The rough higher ground is mostly covered with furze, heather, and
bracken, the latter growing right down to the beach. On the slopes
of the larger islands most of the available ground is under cultivation
(chiefly Aarcissus and other spring flowers), divided up into small
squares, separated by hedges of Veronica or EscaUonia, or else by
stone walls, upon which there is an abundance of Mesemhryantliemum
in places, these cultivated patches being neaidy all choked with weeds
at the time of my visit. On several of the larger islands, as on Tresco
and St. Mary's, there is a certain amount of fresh water and marshy
ground. Altogether, some of the islands looked likely enough for
collecting, Tresco especially, but the result of nine days' work amounted
only to 102 species of Coleoptera and twelve of Hemiptera ; the very
dry weather prevailing at the time of my visit may, however, partly
account for the paucity of insect life. The Coleoptera observed were
nearly all of the commonest description, while in the Hemiptera tbe
hitherto very rare (as British) Emblethis verhasci was abundant on
two of the islands (Tresco and Samson), this being, in fact, the only
interesting species met with.

The following list could no doubt be considerably augmented if
the smaller dung- and seaweed-frequenting StaphyHnidce, &c., were
properly collected, and doubtless a good deal more could be done in a
general way earlier in the season, in April, May or June. Mr. J. J.
Walker has supplied me with a list of Coleoptera (40) collected by
him on St. Mary's on July 28th, 1879, and the llev. H. S. Gorham a

218 [October.

list of his captures (1.1) on the same island on August 16th, 1893.
Their additions to uiy list are mentioned below, and the captors indi-
cated by initial letters ; those not otherwise noted were found by
myself, and by Mr. Walker also if marked with a *, and by Mr.
Gorham if marked with a f. The total number of species of Ooleoptera
enumerated is 126, twenty-one of these having been taken from Mr.
Walker's list and three from that of Mr. Gorham.

COLEOPTERA.

Notiophilus aquaticus, L., St. Marj'sf. Broscus cephalotes, L., St. Mary's*t,
common. Harpalus riijicoryiis, F., St. Mary's* and St. Agnes, common ; U. eeneus,
E., St. Mary's*, St. Martin's, St. Agnes, abundant and very variable ; S. rubripex,
Dufts., St. Mary's (J. J. W.) ; JI. consentaneus, Dej., St. Mary's*, St. Martin's, St.
Agnes, sparingly, on the sandy beaches ; H. tardus, Panz., St. Mary's and Tresco.
Amara trivial is, Gyll., St. Mary's, St. Martin's, St. Agnes, Tresco and Samson,
abundant, on the sandy beaches, and very variable ; A. ovata, F., St. Mary's ; A.
familiaris, Dufts., St. Mary's (J. J. W.), Tresco ; A. bifroiis, Gyll., St. Mary's, not
rare ; A. apricaria, Sturm, St. Mary's. CaJathus cisteloides, Panz., St. Mary's*t,
St. Agnes ; C. mollis, Marsh., St. Mary's*t, St. Martin's, St. Agnes, abundant, on
the sandy beaches ; C. melanocephalus, L., St. Agnes, St. Mary's*t. Anchomenus
marginatus, L., St. Agnes, common, on the banks of a pond, St. Mary's (J. J. W.) ;
A. parurnpunclatus, F., St. Mary's (J. J. W.) ; A. albipes, F., St. Mary's. Ptero-
siichus strenuits, Panz., St. Mary's (J. J. W.). Olisthopus rotundatus, Payk., St.
Mary's. Bembidium littorale, 01., St. Mary's. Aepus marinus, Strom, St. Mary's.
JDemetrias atricapillus, L., St. Mary's. Metabletus foveola, Gyll., Tresco.

Agahus bipustulatus, L., St. Mary's (J. J. W.). Philhydrus maritimus, Th.,
Samson. Ochthebius LejoUsi, Muls. & Rey, St. Mary's, two specimens only, in a
rock pool ; O. margipallens, Latr., St. Mary's and St. Agnes. Helophorus brevi-
palpis. Bedel, St. Mary's. SphcBridium scarabceoides, F., St. Mary's, Arthur.
Cercyon depressus, Steph., St. Mary's ; C. tinipicnctatus, L., St. Mary's.

Aleochara bipunctafa, 01., St. Mary'sf ; A. nitida, Grav., St. Mary's, Tresco ;
A. grisea, Kr., Tresco ; A. algarum, Fauv., Tresco. Homalota vestita, Grav., S.
analis, Grav., H. indubia, Sharp, H. sordida. Marsh., H. pilosiventris, Th., St.
Mary's ; H. fungi, Grav., St. Mary's, Tresco, St. Martin's. Tachyporus pusillus,
Grav., St. Martin's. Tackyusa sulcata, Kics., Diglossa mersa, Hal., Falagria obscura,
Grav., Hypocyptus longieornis, Payk , Heterothops binotata, Er., and Quedius boops,
Grav., St. Mary's ; Q.fulgidus, F., Tresco. Creophilus maxillosus, L., St. Mary's.
Ocypus olens, Miill., St. Mary's ; O. ater, Grav., St. Mary'sf, St. Agnes ; 0. cupreus,
Rossi, St. Agnes. Philonthus eeneus, Rossi, St. Agnes ; P. variiis, Gyll. (H. S. G.),
P. sanguinolentus, Grav. (11. S. G.), P. cruentatus, Gniel. (H. S. G.), P.fitnetarius,
Grav., P. trossulus, Nordm., P. varians, Payk., and P. quisquiliarius, Gyll., var.
dimidiatus, Er.*, St. Mary's. Cajius fucicola, Curt., St. Mary's, St. Agnes ; C.
xantholoma, Grav., and var. variolosus, Sharp, St. Mary's and Tresco. Xantholinus
tricolor, F., St. Mary's* (already recorded from Scilly) ; X. linearis, 01., St. Mary's
(J. J. W.). Paderus fuscipes, Curt., St. Mary's (J. J. W.). Omalium riparium,
Th., St. Mary's.

1897. 219

Ptenidium puncfatttm, Gyll., and P. evanescens, Marsh., St. Mary's. Saprinus
maritimus, Steph., St. Mary's. Olihrus ceneus, F., St. Mary's (J. J. W.) ; 0. con-
simili.i, Marsh., St. Agnes. Mellgethes picipes, Sturm, St. Mary's (J. J. W.).
Micramhe vini, Panz., Tresco and St. Mary's*, abundant on furze blossom. Melan-
ophthalma gilbosa, Herbst, and M.fulvipes, Com., St. Mary's and Tresco. Simplo-
caria semistriata, F., St. Mary's, Tresco and Samson, abundant, at the roots of
JSrodimn, Euphorbia, &c., on the sandy beaches.

Coccinella 7-punctata, L., C. W-punctata, L., and Rhizohius litura, F., St-
Mary's, St. Agnes and Tresco.

Onthophagus fracticornis , Payk., St. Martin's. Aphodius erraticus, L., A.
fastens, F., A. nitidulus, F., A. merdarius, F., St. Mary's; A. rufescens, F., Arthur.
Aigialia arenaria, F., St. Mary's. Geotrupes spiniger, Marsh., St. Martin's ; G.
typhccux, L., St. Mary's (J. J. W.). Serica brunnea, L., St. Mary's and Tresco.
Cetonia avrata, L., St. Mary's, Arthur and St. Martin's ; seen on Mesembrtfanthemum
flowers, on the walls.

Agriotex lineatus, L., St. Mary's ; A. palUdulus, 111., St. Mary's (J. J. W.)
CypTion variabilis, Thunb., St. Mary's*. Dasytes flavipes, F., St. Mary's.

Heliopathes gibbns, F., St. Mary's*t, Tresco, St. Martin's, St. Agnes, Samson,
Artluii', common on all the sandy beaches. Crypticus quisquiliiis, L., St. Mary's*,
Tresco and St. Agnes, sparingly, with the preceding. Phaleria cadaverina, F., St.
Mary's. HeJops striatus, Fourcr., St. Mary's. Lagria hirta, L., St. Mary's (J. J.W.,
H. S. G.), Tresco.

Otiorrhynchus snlcatus, F., and O. rttgifrons, Gyll., St. Mary's* (the latter has
already been recorded from Scilly) ; O. ligneus, 01., St. Mary'sf and St. Martin's,
common, as on the Cornish coast, under stones and at roots of plants ; O. atro-
apterus, De G., St. Mary's and St. Martin's ; O. ovattts, L., St. Mary's (J. J. W.).
Molytes coronatus, Goeze, and Philopedon geminatus, F., St. Mary's. Strophosomus
retvsus. Marsh., St. Mary's and St. Martin's, at the roots of plants, on the coast, as
on the mainland of Cornwall. OrthochcBtes setiger. Beck, St. Mary's and Tresco, at
roots of plants on the sandy beaches. Sitones puncticollis, Steph., St. Martin's.
Apion frumentarium, Payk., and A. carduorum, Kirby, Tresco, the latter abundant
on thistles ; A. loti, Kirby, A. hydrolapatlii, Kirby, A. pisi, F., St. Mary's (J. J. W.).
Hypera punctata, F., and H. variabilis, Herbst, St. Mary's (J. J. W.). Ceuthor-
rhynchus ericce, Gyll., and C. quadridens, Panz., St. Mary's (J. J. W.). Ceuthor-
rhynchidius troglodytes, F., St. Mary's (J. J. W.). Coeliodes quadrimaculatus, L.,
St. Mary's (J. J. W.).

Cryptocephalus minutus, F., St. Mary's. Longitarsus jacobcece, Wat., and L.
femoralis, Marsh., Tresco, on ragwort. Spkceroderma testaceumi, ¥., Tresco. Psyl-
liodes marcida, 111., St. Mary's (J. J W.).

Note. — Psammohius ccesus, Panz., has been recorded by Mr. Dale from Tresco
(Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxii, p. 41) ; but I cannot help thinking that this insect must
have been accidentally introduced with some of the numerous foreign plants tliat
are constantly being brought over for cultivation in the gardens of Tresco Abbey.

HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.

Pentatoma haccarum, L., Tresco. Emhlethis verhasci, Fabr., Tresco, Samson

OQQ [October,

and St. Mary's ; commonly at Tresco and Samson, singly at St. Mary's, at the
roots of Euphorbia and Erodium, in all its stages, running with great speed
when disturbed. Stenocephalus agilis. Scop., St. Martin's and Tresco, vrith the
preceding, not rare. Nysius thymi, Wolff, Rhyparochromux chiragra, Fabr., Stygnus
arenarius, Hahn, and Scolopostethus decoratus, Hahn, St. Mary's. Plinthisus
brevipennis, Latr., Monanthia cardui, L., Tresco. Peritrechus luniger, Schill., St.
Agnes. Myrmedobia inconsplcua, D. & S., Tresco. Curixa lugubrii, Fieb., St.
Mary's.

Horsell, Woking :

September 2nd, 1897.

NOTES ON THE SPECIMENS OF SOLENOBIA TBIQUETEELLA AND
CHALYBE PYEAUSTA IN THE DOUBLEDAY COLLECTION.

BY JOHN HARTLEY DURRANT, F.E.S., Mf.mb. Sod. Ent. dk France.

Having read Mr. Barrett's notes on the specimens of Solenohia
triquetreJla in the Doubleday Collection {vide ante, 128-9) I visited
the Bethnal Green Museum last June with named exponents of all
the allied species, and also of those near Chalybe pyransta. The
Doubleday specimens representing Solenohia triquetreUa are quite
distinct from triquetreUa, ¥. R. (which is probably the same as tri-
quetreUa, Hb.) ; the cases differ quite as much as the perfect insects.
The Doubleday specimens appear to me to belong either to a strongly
marked form of Wockii, or more probably to a species intermediate
between Wockii and inconspicueUa, having the facies of the latter
•with the colouration of the former, but with a more distinct pattern.
There are no specimens in the Zeller or AValsingham Collection which
quite agree with them, but until a series is obtained it will be im-
possible to decide whether they represent a new species.

The specimen labelled Chalyhe pyrausta is the true Ethmia py-
rausta, Pall. ; it is rather small, but is readily recognised by the
discal spots being arranged thus • . ", it could, therefore, only be
confused with. JlavitibieUa, H.-S., from which it is at once separated
by the greater number of yellow abdominal segments and by its paler
colour: andalusica, Stgr., and chrysopyf/a,7j.,(W^Gv in having the discal
spots thus •• •, and are separated inter se by the greater number of
yellow abdouiinal segments found in andalusica. The history of this
specimen is unknown, but as only one specimen has been taken in the
British Islands, it is either that captured by Mr, Buxton (which has
disappeared), or it is a foreign exponent of the species.

Morton Uiili, Thotford :

August Vllh, 1897.

18^7.] ■ 221

APROiEREMA, n. n.

(= *Anacampsis, Auct., nee Crt.), type Tinea anthyUldeUa, Hb.
BY JOHN HARTLEY DURKANT, P.E.S., Memb. Soo. Ent. dk France.

Lord Walsingham has already pointed out that *Anacampsis, Stgr.
Cat., Meyr., does not contain Curtis' specified ty^e poptclella, CI., and
that the restoration of this type to its proper genus renders TachyptiUa,
Jlein., a synonym of Anacampsis, Crt. (nee Stgr. Cat.), [vid' Wlsm.,
Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXI, 41, 43 (1895) : Pr. Z. Soc. Lond, 1897, 79].

* Anacampsis (Stgr. Cat.), Meyr., HB. Br. Lp., 581 (1895), is thus
left nameless, and I am at present unacquainted with a name that can
be used for this genus, it is however possible that one may lie dormant
which may eventually be rescued from oblivion, meanwhile benefit
only can accrue from naming what is now^ nameless ; I would therefore
propose APEO.EREMA (= not the thing chosen before), with the
type. Tinea anthyllidella, Hb., for the genus as defined by Meyrick,
which has so long been wrongly known as Anacampsis.

Merton Hall, Thetford :

August \ 2th, 1897.

HABITS OF ME TOPI A LUUCOCEFSALA, Rossi.

BY a. C. BIGNELL, F.E.S.

I visited a field of sand, the remains of crushed ore from a
disused mine in the Meavy Valley, near Yelverton, on July 8th, for
the purpose of seeing what Hymenoptera had taken possession of this,
the only sand to be found for many miles. During the day I fre-
quently saw these Dipterous flies poking their heads into any hole
they could find. At last I saw one of them disappear into a hole ; I
quickly placed my glass-bottomed box over the aperture ; in a few
seconds it re-appeared, and was duly made prisoner. I still kept
watch over the hole, and to my delight saw a female wasp, Grabro
peltarius, alight close to it with a Dipterous fly ; she was in the act of
entering when I placed a box over her, with the result that she also
was a prisoner. Since then I have captured several of these inquisitive
flies, and find that they are viviparous, having found five or six larvae
in each box by the next morning, the last capture producing sixteen
in thirty-six hours.

From these observations I do not wish to convey that they only
attack Crabro peltarius, for I have found them hunting for other
victims niter peltarius had disappeared. During July, in addition to

222 (October,

Crahro peltarius, I saw burrowing in the sand in the same locality
Mimesa hicolor, Oxyhelus unic/Iuwis, Andrena pilipes and alhicrus.
After the above remarks may I ask the question — Is M. leucocephala
a parasite on the wasp larva, or does it only consume the food pro-
vided for it ?

Prom observations made at several visits to this field of sand, I
believe that M. leucocephala has taken the place of the ChrijudidoB as
a parasite on bees, &c'., in this locality, for I only saw one Chrysid
during my several visits to this spot in July and August.

Stonehouse, Plymouth :

August 24th, 1897.

[In Rondani's " Rcpertorio degli insetti parassiti," Bull. Soc. Ent.
Ital., iv, p. 328, and v, p. 227, Miopia arfji/rocephala, Eossi, is given as
parasitic on Philanthus and Bembex. —Eds.].

HABITS OF SERICOMYIA BOREALIS, Fln.
BY THE EEV. E. N. BLOOMFIELD, M.A., F.E.S.

In the year 1881 there was an interesting correspondence on the
subject of the habits of S. borealis; and in my letter, Ent. Mo. Mag.,
Vol. xviii, p. 159, I asked, " Can any of your readers supply informa-
tion on its life-history ? "

Until lately, I have had no response, except from Messrs. Swinton
and Ilellins, I. c, p. 189, but seeing a notice in the Naturalist's Journal
for May, 1896, by Mr. C. J. Watkins, of Painswick, that S. horenlis
had been bred, I wrote to him for further particulars, which he has
most kindly supplied, and he has also sent bred examples to the
British Museum.

Three specimens were bred by Mr. W. Sim, of Gourdas, Fyvie,
Aberdeenshire, and Mr. Watkins has sent me several extracts from
bis letters. He says : —

" I have succeeded in breeding the beautiful fly >S. borealis ; it comes from one
of the rat-tailed larvae. We were cutting peat turf for fuel in May, 1894, when I
found the 'long tails ;' they were in a shallow pool or puddle where fuel had been
dug the previous year. The turf was well covered with vegetation common to peat
mosses, and some of the sods being too fragile for wheeling away had been tossed
back into the pit, but turned upside down. It was in the decomposing mass that I
found the maggots surrounded by water ; their colour might be called dull grey."

" I regret to say I did not see their transformation. I put them in a tin
canister half filled with damp Sphagnum, and though I examined them now and

1897.] 223

again they were all hatched out before I saw them. One thing is certain, that is,
they pass all their stages in the course of the year, as there were no pools at the
place previous to 1893."

" The situation is damp, and the pits, though filled with stagnant water, never
become putrid or offensive."

" The breathing apparatus of the larvfe was much longer than in some of the
rat-tailed maggots I have seen. The tail of the pupa case Cwhich is full half an inch
long) is only about a quarter the length of the larval tail. Can you tell me if they
have been bred before ? "

Perhaps some of your readers can answer this latter question. I
may add that Mr. Sim sent the three pupa cases and three specimens
bred from them to Mr. Watkins, who has kindly forwarded one for
my inspection. »

Guestling Rectory :

August, 1897.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW DIPTERON OP THE GENUS PHOROCEEA
INHABITING BRITAIN.

BY R. H. MEADE, E.R.C.S.

Fam., TaeliiniidoB. Gen., Phorocera, R. Dsv.

Sub-gen , CampylochcBta, End., Br. et Brgm.

P. INCEETA, sp. n.

(? $ . Ohlonga suhcylindrica cinerea ; frons suhprominens ; frontalia
ampla, vitta lata nigra ; genes hirsutce ; antenncB articulo tertio crasso ; arista
incurva, segmento secundo parum elonguto ; palpi nigri; thorax suhstriatus ;
abdomen fasciis transversis nigris sublutiatis striatus ; alee venis transversis
apicalibus flexis, et fere in apice alarum excurrentibus ; pedes tibiis omnibus
extra, longe setosis. Long., 6 mm.

Forehead rather prominent ; face a little oblique ; eyes hairy, widely separated
in both sexes but rather nearer together in the male than in the female ; frontal
stripe black, and twice as wide as the sides of the frontalia, which, together with the
face, are white and somewhat glistening ; cheeks ciliated with fine hairs ; facial setje
long, placed rather wide apart, and not many in number, but extending upwards to
near the end of the frontal bristles ; antennae black with the third joint thick and
about three times the length of the second ; arista rather short and bent, thickened
for two-thirds of its length, and having the second joint a little elongated (especially
in the male) ; palpi small and black ; vibrissae large ; thorax whitish-grey with four
rather indistinct stripes, the central pair being short and narrow ; dorso-central
bristles three behind the suture ; scutellum grey and immaculate ; scales of calyptra
large and white ; halteres yellow ; abdomen conico-cylindrical in both sexes, grey
with the first segment nearly black, and the three following ones marked with black
interrupted transverse bands or marks on their hinder edges, which assume a some-

224 [October,

what semilunar shape ; anal segments of the male small and incurved ; wings clear
with yellowish roots, fourth long veins bent at a rather obtuse angle ; apical cross
vein curved, and terminating near the apex of the wing ; outer cross vein oblique
and straight ; legs black, tibiae all furnished on their outer surfaces with a number of
long, strong, irregular bristles.

The Ecv. E. N. Bloomfield sent three specimens of this fly for
my inspection in July last, which had been taken at Ipswich by Mr.
Claude Morley. I had also the pleasure of examining another (by
the kindness of Mr Grimshaw) belonging to the Museum of Science
and Art. in Edinburgh, which was captured by the Rev. Alfred Thornley
at Treswell in Nottinghamshire, and presented by him to the Museum.
The Keeper of the Natural History Collection (Dr. Traquar) kindly
allowed me to describe it.

The genus PJtorocera contains a number of species which vary so
much in many of their characters, that they have been separated and
placed in different subgenera by Rondani and Brauer and Ber-
genstamm. Only one species has been referred by these authors to
the sub-genus CampylochcBta, viz., P. schistacea, Mgn., which, like P.
ineerta, Mde., has hairy cheeks and a bent arista, &c. ; it differs from
it, however, in many other characters, having pale palpi and tibiae.

Bradford : September 6lh, 1897.

ON THE BEITISH SPECIES OF THE GENUS OBEYS OPS (FAMILY

TABANIDJi).

BT ERNEST E. AUSTEN.

According to Mr. G. H. Verrall's "List of British Dipfera"
(1888), our native species of the handsome but bloodthirsty flies,
known as Chrysops, are three in number, namely, Chrysops ccecutiens,
L., quadraius, Mg., and relictus, Mg., and the supplementary list of
"Reputed British Diptera'''' contains no addition to this total. The
British Museum has recently received two entirely black male speci-
mens, which on casually glancing at them I took to be merely the
common Chrysops ccecutiens, L. On making a closer examination,
however, I at once saw that they must be distinct.

The features which first attract attention are the larger hyaline space at the
apex of the wing and the much more pronounced and clearly defined transverse
fenestra on the inner (proximal) margin of the transverse band. The greater extent
of the clear space at the apex of the wing is due to the apical blotch (" Spitzenfleck "
of Schiner) being much reduced in size, and to the fact that the outer (distal) margin
of the transverse band is concave instead of convex. The transverse band does not

1807.] 225

quite reach the posterior margin of the wing, about the last quarter of what would
be its full extent being obliterated. The wing itself is considerably narrower than
in Chr. ccecutiens, the anal angle being rounded ofP so that the posterior margin is
more nearly parallel to the anterior. But it is on examining the face and cheeks in
these specimens that the greatest difference fi'om Chr. ccecutiens is seen.

In the three recognised British species of Chrysops there is on each side of the
face below the antenna a shining black tubercle, which may or may not be united
below with its fellow of the opposite side, but which is, in any case, separated by a
vertical patch of yellow pollen from a small shining black fleck on the cheek {i. e.,
the space beneath the eye) ; the posterior margin of the cheek is also clothed with
yellow pollgn, so that the cheek-fleck is still further defined, and in fact, is often
entirely surrounded by pollen. In the two male specimens which we are examining,
however, the face and cheeks are wholly shining black and entirely devoid of poUinose
markings, the facial tubercles being continuous with the tumid cheeks.

There seems little doubt that these specimens (for which the Museum is indebted
to Captain Savile Reid, wlio took them on Studland Heath, near Swanage, Dorset,
on August 8th, 1895) belong to Chrysops se^w^cra^js. Fab., which consequently must
be added to the British List. They work out as C. sepulcralis both with Schiner's
table ("Fauna Austriaca," Diptera, I, pp. 40,41), and also with that given byLoew
(p. 615) in his paper, entitled, " Versuch einer Auseinandersetzung der europaischen
Chrysops-Arten " (Verhandlungen der k.-k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellscliaft in
Wien, viii Bd., 1858, pp. 613-634). In his notes on the species Loew writes {loc.
cit., p. 622), " The entirely black colour of the antennce and legs make it readily
recognisable. Moreover, it is conspicuously distinguished from all other European
species known to me by the fact that the shining black cheek-tubercles not only cover
the entire cheeks, but also extend at the orbits high up on to the face, and there com-
pletely coalesce with the facial tubercles." This is precisely what we find in the
specimens from Studland Heath. On the following page, however (p. 623), Loew
appends a note which is worth translating in extenso ; he writes — " I possess a
female, taken near Konigsberg in Prussia, which is either a highly remarkable variety
of Chr. sepulcralis, or belongs to a species which has still to be described. It re-
sembles Chr. sepulcralis in the coloration of the antennae and legs, in the formation
of the facial and cheek-tubercles, as well as in the marking of the wings ; it is,
however, somewhat larger and almost entirely clothed with black hair, so that a
scanty clothing of yellowish hair is only found on the middle of the upper-side of
the thorax, on the scutelFum, and on the middle of the posterior margin of the
second and third abdominal segments besides ; in particular the otherwise uniformly
black colour of the hair of the abdomen is very noticeable. I should have felt no
hesitation whatever in regarding this female as a new species, had not the examina-
tion of a considerable number of male specimens of Chr. quadratus taught me that
the colour of the hair is not constant in all species of Chrysops, and if the not
altogether faultless condition of the solitary specimen in my collection had not
warned me to be specially cautious."

Now, although Loew does not say so explicitly, it is to be inferred from this
note that in normal specimens of Chr. sepulcralis the dorsum of the thorax and the
pleurae are clothed with yellow hair much as in Chr. ccecutiens or Chr. relictus. Schiner

22G [October,

says nothing about the colour of the hair, and the only description of the body of
the insect that he gives is to the effect that it is— " Black, but little shining, only
the posterior margins of the abdominal segments whitish." Fabricius' original
description (Entomologica Systematica, iv, p. 374) likewise omits all reference to the
hair, and characterizes the body much in the same terms as those employed by
Schiner — "Corpus totum atrum, minime nitidum, immaculatum." Fallen did not
know the male of Chr. sepulcralis, but with reference to the female he writes {Diptera
Suecise, " Tahanii," p. 11, 4) — " Thorax niger, pilosus : pilis lateralibus sublutcis."
Meigen (" Systematische Beschreibung," ii, p. 74) says — " Body clothed with fine,
silky, somewhat yellowish hairs, which are more distinct at the margins of the ab-
dominal segments. PleursE clothed with reddish-yellow hairs." And lastly,
iJetterstedt (" 2)j^^era Scandinaviae," i, p. 127) writes — " Totus ater, vix maculatus
nisi pleuris fulvo-pilosis, segmentorumque margine fulvo-ciliatis."

Thus there seems to be a general consensus of opinion among writers whom
we may call the immediate successors of Fabricius that in Chr. sepulcralis the
pleurae at any rate are clothed with yellow or reddish-yellow hair. I have spent
some time in endeavouring to discover the opinion of more modern authors upon
this point, but without much success. Pandelle (" Synopsis des Tabanides do
France," Revue d'Entomologie, T. ii, 1883, pp. 165-228), who, by the way, considers
(loc. cit., pp. 224, 225) Chr. quadratus, Mg., relictus, Mg., and sepulcralis, F., to be
mere colour varieties of Chr. ccecwtiens, L. (!), writes (p. 225) with reference to Chr.
sepulcralis — " Sa pubescence est brune ou d'un gris livide." Dr. Gobert, in his
" Revision des Especes Frangaises de la Famille des Ihbanida" (Memoires de la
Societe Linn^enne du Nord de la France, T. 5, 1883, pp. 55-105), does not mention
Chr. sepulcralis at all.

In the specimens from Studland Heath the thorax (pleurce as well as dorsum)
is entirely clothed with black hair, and the only trace of yellow hairs is to be found
on the abdomen, where, in the case of one of the specimens, the posterior margins
of the third, fourth and fifth segments show evidences of a scanty clothing of short
golden-yellow hairs, though on the third and fourth segments these are confined to
the median line ; on the ventral surface of this specimen the second segment alone
shows scattered yellow hairs ; in the other individual the second abdominal segment
is the only one which shows any yellow hairs — a few on the ventral surface and
above on the posterior margin in the median line. In having the pleuree clothed with
black hair our specimens agree with the description of Chr. melanopleurus, Wahlb.
(see Zetterstedt, " Diptera Scandinavise," viii, p. 2943), wnatever this may be, which
Loew declares (loc. cit., p. 627) he is unable to recognise in any species known to
him. On the other hand, Wahlbcrg describes the first and second segments of the
abdomen of the male of his species as being testaceous-yellow at the sides, while his
description of the abdomen of the female is suggestive of the female of Chr. relictus.

On the whole, since our specimens agree so perfectly with the description of
Chr. sepulcralis as regards face and wings, and taking into consideration Loew's
remark on the variability of the hair in males of Chr. quadratus in the note quoted
above, it seems to me that we shall be quite justified in regarding them merely as a
melanic variety of Chr. sepulcralis. Tliry may be a local race ; among British
Diptera a difference from Continental specimens in the colour of the hair is by no

1897.] 227

means uncommon, and when further specuuens have been collected it may be found
that the present case is simply another instance of this peculiarity. Loew's abcn-ant
female referred to in the note translated above was somewhat larger than usual, but
the two males from Studland Heath are in no way abnormal in this respect ; they
ai'e slightly smaller than the average male of the common Chr. ccecutiens.

I look forward with much interest to the capture of a British specimen of the
female Chr. sepulcralix ; our Old British Collection contains no trace of the species,
and, as it happens, the sole representative of it in our General Collection of Diptera
is a somewhat imperfect female from Germany, collected nearly forty years ago, and
without any nearer locality. In the wholly shining face and the shape of the
transverse band on the wing, this specimen agrees with the English males ; the base
of the wing, except the costal margin, is hyaline, as is the case in the females of our
other British species ; in the coloration of the hair this female appears to be
normal, the dorsum of the thorax, scutoUum, pleuroe, first and second segments of
the abdomen, and the posterior margins of the two following ones being sparsely
clothed with sliort golden-yellow hairs. The specimen is rather smaller than the
males from Studland Heath, measuring 8 mm. (3 J lines) in length.

As to the distribution of Chr. sepiilcralis, Loew says that the
species is known to extend over Scandinavia (Zetterstedt gives a
number of localities), Eastern Russia, and the whole of Germany.

I append a

TABLE OP THE BRITISH SPECIES OF CRRYSOPS.

1. Outer margin of dark transverse band across wing concave ; face (except imme-

diately beneath base of antennae) wholly shining, facial and cheek-tubercles
confluent sepulcralis, F.

Outer margin of transverse band across wing, at least anteriorly, convex ; face
not wholly shining ; facial and cheek-tubercles on each side separated by a
pollinose stripe 2.

2. Middle tibiise black, in $ sometimes brownish at the base ccecutiens, L.

Middle tibite brownish-yellow 3.

3. Second abdominal segment witli a large median black blotch ((?), or small spot

(^) qtiadratus, Mg.

Second abdominal segment with a double black blotch, consisting of two back-
wardly directed triangles with their bases resting on the anterior margin,
where they are in contact ; in (J 3rd abdominal segment also (frequently the
4th as well) with a wider and less distinct double blotch relictus, Mg.

Chrysops ccecutiens is, of course, the common species with us, and
may be met with everywhere in suitable localities ; Chr. relictus is less
common, and Chr. quudratus is apparently rare and local. The British
Museum possesses but a single male of Chr. quadratus, taken at Holne,

228 [October,

Dartmoor, by Lieut.-Col. Ycrbury, July Gtli, 1S9G ; there are females
in the collection from the New Forest (Col. Terbury, July — August),
and Guestling, Hastings (Eev. E. N. Bloomfield). It is stated by
Schiner (loc. cif., p. 41) that the wing of the male Chr. quadratus is
" entirely brownish, the usual hyaline places being in this case only
paler." Such is not the case in the male from Holne, but the males
of Chr. relictus, of which the Museum possesses a series, have the apex
of the wing largely infuscated, the apical blotch being continued down
the posterior margin until it joins the transverse band, leaving merely
a somewhat ill-defined lunate fenestra between itself and the median
portion of the band. The median basal spot on the second abdominal
segment of the female Chr. quadratus is sometimes deeply emarginate
posteriorly, when it is evident that it is nothing but the base of
the black furcate mark seen on the same segment in the female Chr.
ecBCutiens.

Similarly the double blotch on the second abdominal segment in
both sexes of Chr. rehcfus is due to the thickening of the rami of the
fork. Occasionally, in somewhat discoloured specimens, the bifid
character of the blotch on the second abdominal segment of the male
Chr. relictus cannot be made out with clearness, and the specimen
might then perhaps be confused with Chr. quadratus ; in such a case
the consideration of the other characters, such as the coloration of
the wing-tips and the amount of orange-yellow on the third abdominal
segment, will probably lead to the correct solution of the difficulty.
Of Chr. relictus the Museum possesses a satisfactory series of speci-
mens, including males and females from Torcross, S. Devon, May 24!th
to 26th, 1S93 (Lieut.-Col. Terbury) ; a male from Lyndhurst, New
Forest, July 4th, 1894 (Lieut.-Col. Yerbury) ; two females from
Leenane, Co. Galway, July 14th, 1892 (E. E. Austen) ; and a female
from Brockenhurst, New Forest, August 17th, 1893 (W. -R. Ogilvie
Grant).

The little band of students of British Bipiera is slowly increasing
in numbers, and doubtless the I'ecruits are anxious for a chance of
distinguishing themselves. Additions to the British List may be found
elsewhere than among the Syrphidce or Tachinince, and the present
paper has been written in the hope of attracting some measure of
attention to one of the less popular groups.

British Museum (Natural History),

Cromwell Road, London, S.W. :
August 2lst, 1897.

1897.] 229

CILISSA 3IELANURA, Nyl., A SPECIES NEW TO THE BRITISH
LIST, AND OTHER BEES AT ST. MARGARET'S BAY.

BY F. W. L. SLADEK.

A few visits to St. Margaret's Bay this year have been productive
of some rare bees, which may be worth recording.

Halictus quadricinctus , Fab. — This species occurs over a small area in company
■with H. rubicundus. It is partial to the heads of Centaiirea. In the first week of
Angust I met with the males on C. scabiosa, also a few young females in the early
morning before the males were about. Towards the end of the month the females
appeared in some numbers on C. nigra, which was growing close to the burrows.

Andrena simillima, Smith, was taken on Eupatorium, large clumps of which
grow at the foot of the clilf. I also saw worn females at bi'amble flowers. The
females burrow into the chalk. A. nigriceps occurs further along the coast, but I
have not yet taken it at St. Margaret's Bay.

CiLISSA MELANURA, Nyl.

Closely resembles C. leporina, but the <J has the hairs of the face white, with
one or two black hairs on the inside of each eye, antennae in that sex entirely black ;
thorax in the $ with the hairs above pale, with a slight fulvous tinge in front in
fresh specimens, in the $ shining, the hairs pale fulvous, in both sexes the hairs are
intermixed with black in the centre of the mesonotum ; fore-wings in both sexes
slightly broader than in C. leporina, their apices less acute, nervures dark piceous ;
abdomen subtriangular in both sexes, in the S with the first and second segments
clothed sparingly with pale hairs, the remaining segments sparingly with black hairs,
the second, third, and fourth with a narrow apical band of short white pubescence,
narrower on the fifth ; in the ? shining, the first segment with a few pale hairs,
second, third, and fourth segments with a narrow apical band of short white
pubescence, apical fringe black, not very dense ; terminal joint of the tarsi in both
sexes nearly black ; scopce in the ? greyish-white, turning into black at the apex of
the metatarsi.

The males of this insect were first noticed on August 10th, coursing up and
down a small strip of Bartsia odontites, which was then coming into bloom. Mr.
Saunders has kindly examined a specimen of each sex, and finds them to be referable
to this species, which is new to the British list. Unfortunately I met with only one
good specimen of the female. The species is closely allied to C. leporina, but it is
distinguishable in both sexes by the more triangularly-shaped abdomen with nar-
rower bands of shorter white pubescence, by the dark piceous nervures of the wings,
and by the terminal tarsal joint of each leg, which is black, not testaceous as in C.
leporina. The male has the antennae longer, entirely black, lacking the ochreous
hue so characteristic of fresh specimens of male leporina, and their joints much
more arcuate.

Among other local bees taken at St. Margaret's Bay, but which
I have met with elsewhere along the coast, may be mentioned the
following : — Prosopis Mnsoni, Saund., appears at the foot of the
cliff, first on mallow, attracted afterwards to Achillea and other

nqn [October,

flowers; CoUefes picistiff ma, Thorns., on cbaraomile flowers; Halictus
xanthopus, Kirby, this year the males did not appear until about
September 13th ; Osmia aurulenta, Panz., nests in snail shells.

Ripple Court, Ringwould, Dover :
Sept. \Uh, 1897.

NOTES ON SOME BRITISH HYMENOPTERA (No. 2).
BY THE KEV. F. D. MOEICE, M.A., F.E.S.

In continuation o£ my paper headed as above in the August
number of this Magazine, 1 have a few further observations to offer.

Sedychridmm integrum, Dhb. (Eut. Mo. Mag., June, 1896, p.
121). — I have taken two more specimens of this Chrysid at Chobham
(July 13th and 15th of this year), and have now seen in all six
British examples of it, of which five hail from Chobham, and one
(Coll. F. Stnith) is without note of locality,

Fompilus (Aporus) unicolor, Spin. — I found two males of this
great rarity at Woking on July 10th, and a third in the same spot on
the following day. All three were skipping over the leaves of a little
oak plant by the road side near the Maybury canal bridge. Hoping
to secure a female, I watched the spot for several days afterwards,
but without success. However, the time was not quite wasted, as I
took at intervals on the same plant several other good Pojnpilidcs
(especially both sexes of Salius affinis, V. d. I/ind., and a $ of Fom-
pilus minutulus, Dhb.), and also quite a series of the males of
Myrmosa vielanocephala, F. The latter I had seen before only on
flowers, and never in any quantity ; but on this occasion they almost
swarmed on the oak leaves, and wholly neglected the numerous flowers
{FotentiUa, Achillea, &c.) which grew all round. I saw no females
near, but the ground was thickly covered with vegetation, among
which any number of them might have been lurking unobserved, and
possibly this may have been the reason why the ? Aporus also
escaped me.

Crahro (Lindenius) Panzeri, V. de Lind. — Two females of this
species (new to Woking) occurred on the same occasion, not actually
on the oak plant referred to above, but on flowers very near it.

Spilomena troglodytes, V. do Lind. — One (J (unusually large) in
a gate post near Byfleet (July Ist).

Astatus hoops, Schr. — Several times in July (once as late as
4 p.m.) I found females of this species carrying prey to their burrows
in a sandy spot on Chobham Common. This prey consisted of SeJiirus

18!)-.] 23J

hicolor and Piezodorus liturafus in a larval state. F. Smith says that
he has caught this insect preying on OxyheJus uniglumis, L. This seems
a priori most improbable ; and though on the above and many other
occasions I have seen Asfatus and Oxyhelus burrowing side by side in
great abundance, I never could see a sign of hostility between the
two species. Each seemed quite unconscious of the other's presence,
though they were often close enough together to be taken in a single
sweep of the net. I cannot help thinking that some accidental
occurrence of this kind may have misled Mr. Smith ; otherwise, his
observation seems to me simply inexplicable.

Prosopis cornuta, Smith. — On August 9th I found my first British
specimen (a ? ) of this extremely rare species on Daucus carota in a
large field very near my house. This field, I regret to say, is being
rapidly covered with new buildings, and will probably soon cease to be
available as a hunting ground. Next day, by diligent search in the
same spot, I secured three more specimens, all females. All were on D.
carota, though Achillea millefolium — the plant on which Mr. Saunders
took the males of this species at Hollington, near St. Leonard's —
grew abundantly close by. For some reason the latter plant seemed
on the present occasion quite unattractive to any kind of insect,
while the carrots swarmed with Diptera and Hyinenoptera. I took
on them many Pompilidce of various kinds, but mostly common, a
few specimens of Prosopis brevicornis, Nyl. (all females), and many
kinds of Sphecodes, es])ec\a,\\y reticulatus, Thorns, piMicficeps, Thoms.,
and similis, Wesm.

Megachile versicolor, Smith. — Mr. Saunders has bred this bee from
broom stems, and also found it burrowing in the ground. At West
End, Chobham (July 30th), I caught a female in the act of nidifying
in an old stump or root of gorse, which was lying quite loose on the
edge of a sandpit. I picked the stump up (it was only a few inches
long), and brought it home. As it appears to contain several com-
pleted cells, I hope to rear something from it next year.

The above note reminds me that last winter I gathered some
bramble stems in this neighbourhood for rearing, but was not particu-
larly successful with them. I got, however, one (^ of Odynerus
Icevipes, Shuck., which emerged on May 14th, two others having
unluckily perished just before completing their pupation. I was also
surprised to find four or five naked larvae, which I had set down as
Pemphredons, develop in a glass tube into females of Prosopis com-
munis, Nyl. I had thought that all species of Prosopis spun cocoons,
but these certainly did not do so.

Brunswick, Woking :

August, 1897.

232 [October,

Local Lists. —One would most certainly suppose that all workers in the broad
field of British Entomology do most strenuously endorse Mr. Barrett's remarks
{ante p. 187), and there is but one reason for not doing so, which is, that a certain
school of the more advanced students of the science do but little field work. Every
Collector loves surely to have something to go on. When he first visits a new
locality his first question runs — "Is there a list of its Insect Fauna?" When told
yes, he hastens to obtain a copy, in which he finds (if the list is drawn up as a
list should be) every species hitherto taken there, notes as to its distribution, with
exact localities and references to all works and periodicals in which it is mentioned
from that particular county or district. As Mr. Adkin very justly says, accuracy is
a sine qua non, as indeed it is throughout the whole gamut of entomological record
and research, and interesting notes and quotations certainly make a reference-
work more readable, but at the same time bulkier and hence less handy. Every
field entomologist who cannot appreciate the value of a reliable list of the insects of
the district he happens to be working, must have his bump of originality and
pioneerism abnormally developed! — Claude Moeley, Everton House, Ipswich:
September 6th^ 1897.

Position of ovipositing Satyrus Semele. — It is just possible that the above
may have escaped the notice of Lepidopterists, though that such is the case is, in
view of their numbers, not very probable. I had great facilities for observing the
females of this species during oviposition at the extreme point of Beachy Head last
August, and was much struck by the peculiar and (one would think) uncomfortable
position invariably assumed. The insect would fly some three yards and, alighting
on the grass, remain immoveable for about two minutes ; then she would suddenly
begin to walk till, espying a suitable blade, she seized one near. Letting herself
down by muscular force, like a man on the horizontal bar, she curved her abdomen
beneath her and, extending it, carefully placed a white egg on the selected stem.
With a jerk she stood on her legs again and, after waiting for a moment as though
to regain " breath," flapped away to the nest favoured tuft of grass. The extremely
backward position of the anterior wings is also notable. — Id.

London sulurlan Lepidoptera. — Yor some years London entomologists have
become mournfully conscious of a great decrease in the number of species obtainable
in the suburbs. Whether caused by extended building or the smoke of continually
augmented numbers of chimneys, or by the ubiquitous sparrows, it has long been
obvious that with increasing tree accommodation there is a sad decrease in insect
tenants. It is, therefore, with some gratification that I chronicle any (even the
smallest) indication of a return of species to old haunts. Smerinthus populi had
become almost a rarity here for several years ; this season the moths have been seen
on the tree trunks as of old, and the larva is certainly more generally in evidence.
Then <S. ocellatus, in the larva state, has re-appeared both on sallows and willows,
and several larvse, wandering in search of a soft place to bury in, Iiave been picked
up in the road close to my house. No doubt they came from the willow bushes on
the water-works embankment. S. tilim larvae have also been found, but this is not
a re-occupation, since the species is always resident with us. The scarcity of moths on
the wing has been most extraordinary, but of this complaints come from the country

!«''•] 233

also ; it is therefore the more cheering to be able to announce that the beautiful
swift moth, Ilepialiis si/lvinus, has been found about this and the adjoining gardens,
and that, as in Mr. Stainton's time, CEgoconia quadripuncta has shown itself indoors.
— Chas. G. Barrett, 39, Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E. : September 12th, 1897.

Local Lists of British Lepidoptera. — Several additional lists have been brought
under my notice since the commencement of my paper on the subject, all of which
I hope duly to record ; but should like to make the catalogue as complete as possible,
and shall be thankful for further help, or hints. Several friends have also made
suggestions, and I hope before leaving the subject to make a few remarks respecting
future work in this direction. — Id.

Sjihinx convolvuli at Nunhead. — A few days ago a female of this grand moth
was found in the Cemetery here by one of the workmen, and sent by the hands of
his children to me. Its condition is by no means improved by the process, and it is
hardly a cabinet specimen, but the occurrence of such a visitant in the outskirts of
London seems well worth recording. — Id.

Drawings of Eggs of Lepidoptera. — Some drawings of extreme beauty, of eggs
of Lepidoptera, have recently been executed by Mr. E. Wheeler, 71, Queen's Road,
Clifton, Bristol. He is anxious to extend his series, and asks us to state that he will
be greatly obliged to any one who will furnish him with two or three eggs of any
species, more especially among the Heterocera. — Eds.

Lepidoptera at Poyntzpass, Armagh, in 1897. — The early part of this year was
of a most unfavourable nature for Lepidoptera. The spring was late and wet and
cold. Sallows proved a blank, but I obtained a single Xylocampa lithorhiza on my
bedroom window. Butterflies were late in making their appearance. Vanessa iirticcB
did not occur till April 18th, and Pieris napi not till the 26th of the same month.
A spell of fine weather in May brought out Euchloe cardamines and Pararge Mgeria
in abundance ; the latter is remarkably plentiful here. At the end of June and
during the early part of July sugar proved fairly successful ; among my captures
were : — Leucania lithargyria, L. comma, Gonophora derasa, Thyatira batis (I only
took a single specimen of this pretty moth, and this was the only one I saw), Axylia
putris (also decidedly scarce), Euplexia lucipara, Noctua festiva, N. plecta, N.
c-nigrum (common), N. triangulum (a single specimen), N. rubi, Rusina tenebrosa
(quite in numbers), Hadena oleracea, H. pisi, H. thalassina , H. dentina, Eurois
adusta (a fine series, many of them very dark), Grammesia trilinea, Phlogophora
meticulosa (a solitary specimen on July 5th), Acronycta psi, A. rumicis (nice speci-
mens, in good order; A. psi also occurred on wall of house), Habrostola triplasia (a
single specimen on July 17th). In August sugar was a complete failure, night after
night the only visitants were X. polyodon and T. pronuba. While driving between
this and Tanderagee I took a nice specimen of EuboJia palumharia. On July 29th
I captured CrocaUis elinguaria here, and on the 30th I took a couple of Hydrocampa
nymphealis in marshy ground at Loughgilly. " Whites " were plentiful, and the
larva of P. hrassiccB was very abundant on cabbages and Brussells sprouts, and gave

U

234

rOctubcr,

miicli trouble pit-king. I noticed with some surprise that a lot of savojs close to
the attacked plants were untouched. I did not see a single Phtaia, though I have a
number of their favourite turncap lilies in my garden. — W. F. Johnson, Acton
Glebe, Poyntzpass : September Isf, 1897.

Pieris Daplidice at Dover. — On August 27th last, while my son was taking
Lycana Adonis he came across a female Pieris Daplidice. I have shown this
specimen to Mr. Sydney Webb, of Maidstone House, Dover, who confirms the
identification. — A. Stagey, 34, Clarendon Street, Dover : September, 1897.

Pieris Daplidice in. North Kent. — See Mr. Butler's notes on Hemiptera, p. 236.

Lepidoptera in Ross-shire. — Whilst staying a day or two at Gairloch, Ross-
shire, early in Si-ptember, I noticed the following species, which have not, I think,
been previously recorded north of the Caledonian Canal, viz. : — Acalla aspersana —
common in one locality near the shelter of some rocks on the hillside ; variable and
strongly marked. Chelaria Huebnerella — several amongst birch, and also at Strome
Ferry. Cerostoma costella — one on the outskirts of a small wood.— E. Metrick,
Elmswood, Marlborough : September 6th, 1897.

Ochsenheimeria vacculella common at BrocJchy.- — Collecting in the neighbour-
hood of Brockley the present month I had the good fortune to meet with numbers
of Ochsenheimeria vacculella in the crevices of the bark on poplar, elm and willow.
Judging by the number of dead insects in the spiders' webs on the trees, I conclude
that it must have been most plentiful. — Percy Kichards, 3, Salisbury Villas, Stuart
Koad, Peckham Rye Park, S.E. : September, 1897.

[It is ten or twelve years since we were startled by the sudden appearance of
this hitherto rare species, in plenty, at Lewisham and elsewhere in South London.
Since then it appears to have scarcely been seen. Mr. Richards' captures (which I
have examined) seem to suggest that it has again been plentiful, and this is rendered
more probable by the circumstance that the insect has also been found this season in
Suffolk by the Rev. C. T. Cruttwell, and by a correspondent of the Rev. E. N,
Bloomfield at Ipswich. — C. G. B.j.

SpHomi/ia speciosa in the New Forest. — I was fortunate enough to secure a fine
female specimen of this fJy on May 12th last, in the same glade at Brockenhurst
where in June, 1896, 1 found so many males. This and one male were all I saw this
year during the fortnight I was in the Forest ; no doubt the unfavourable weather
was the reason. — Gertrude Ricahdo, 3i, Kensington Mansions, S.W. : August
Z\st, 1897.

Note on the habits of Bombus Latreillellus. — I have recently taken several nests
of Bombus Latreillellus, and have established them in the garden, joining two weak
nests together. The males leave the nest early in August, and return to the mouth
of the hole, which generally has been used by a mouse or a mole, about the middle
of the month, and wait for the young queens to come out. Often a queen will peep
out of the hole and run back, and the first male on the spot will follow her in. This
habit occurs with no other Bombus I believe.

i«'M 235

In a nest of B. lapidarius I found 16 female Psithyri in a torpid state (August
17th). There were no queens in the nest, but about 25 workers and 12 males. This
nest was in a rat's hole, and contained several Quedii (mesomelinns) and a large
colony of wax-moth larvae. — W. B. Tuck, Tostock, Bury St. Edmunds : August
3l8t, 1897.

The parasitism of Ichneumon {Leistodromus) nycthemenis, Grav. — l have lately
bred a specimen of this rare insect, whose habits were pi-eviously unknown. Both
Gravenhorst and Wesmael have recorded it on the Continent, the former twice
over, once as /. ttycthemerus, and again as /. quiiique-punciatus ; it is easy to see that
these two names are synonyms. Wesmael has given a good coloured figure of the
species. No mention of it as indigenous occurs (I believe) except in Desvignes's
Catalogue of the Ichneumonidae in the British Museum, where a specimen may be
seen ; and I have never heard of any further captures. By sweeping a Syrinya
which grows on my lawn I obtained last July two green sluggish larvae with black
narrow heads, which at first puzzled me, as they had scarcely a Lepidopterous ap-
pearance. I fed them on Syringa for a few days, when one of them shrivelled and
died ; the other, after doubling its size, changed to a pupa, which I at first con-
jectured to be that of a Thecia, but doubtfully, as no Thecla has ever been seen in
my garden. Further enquiry, however, showed it to belong to the " holly-blue "
{Argiohis), and it agreed fairly well with Buckler's figure. This identification is
confirmed by the fact that Argiolus is one of the common insects of the garden,
flying about the holly trees, on the blossoms of which the caterpillar feeds. The
two caterpillai's of which I speak fell out of the Syringa, and were fed afterwards
upon the leaves of the same tree. I should state that this Syringa grows so close to
a variegated holly that the branches intermingle, yet not on the side where the
caterpillars were found. The larva of Argiolus, then, will certainly feed upon
Syringa as well as upon holly and ivy. In about a month I found that the surviving
chrysalis had produced the handsome parasite above named, remarkable for the five
yellow spots on its abdomen {quinque-punctatus, Grrav.). — T. A. Marshall, Botus-
fleming, Cornwall : September 2nd, 1897.

Tlneyrius bred from Depressaria heracJeana. — On reading Mr. Douglas's note
at p. 21 2 of this vol., I am reminded that I collected last June a number of these
larvae from tlie flower heads of Heracleum giganteum, with a view of obtaining
parasites. About twenty passed through their changes and became moths, the last
six were parasitized. Their enemy was a minute Encyrtus, the specific name of
which I cannot pretend to give. It infests each larva in prodigious numbers. The
victims when about to perish become of a brighter yellow, without the bluish or
greenish tinge which belongs to healthy subjects. They crawl away from tlieir nests
in the tops of the umbellate plants, and fix themselves at random about the breeding
cage. In a day or two they are found dead, elongated and swollen ; their semi-
transparent cuticle shows their inside to be crowded with pupae of Encyrtus, packed
as closely as grains of corn in a sack. A fortnight suffices for the development of
these pai-asites, which emerge to the number of 100 or more from each larva. The
stiff empty skin preserves the form and, in many cases, the colours of life, much
resembling an artificial preparation. The facts of this case are entirely conformable

U 2

OQfi [October,

to the observations of Prof. Eugnion relative to the development of another species
of Encyrtus from a Hyponomeuta. The book is inaccessible to me just now, but the
figure there given of a Hyponomeuta larva stuffed with Eiicyrtus pup:c might serve
(mutatis mutandis) for tliat of the Depressaria above noticed. — Id.

Coleoptera from Hoy, Orkney. — The following is a list of the contents of a
small bottle received through the kindness of Mr. W. L. Greening, of Warrington,
and collected in the Island of Hoy during the summer of 1895. The list contains
no unexpected names, nor any special rarities, and is only interesting as representa-
tive of the Coleopterous fauna of part of the extreme northern limit of the British
Islands. The captor not being a Coleopterist it may be assumed that the species
enumerated were abundant on the occasion of his visit. Cicindela campestris*
(dark form), Carabus ylahratus, C. arven.si.s* C. catenulatvs (very small), Nebria
brevicollis, Clivinafos.ior, Taphria nivalis, Calathus mollis, C. micropterus, Amara
lifrons, Bembidium littorale, Ocypus olens, Queditis trisfis, Xantholinus glahraius,
Simplocaria semistriata, Athous tiiger, Chrysomela sanguinolenia,* Apion Spencei,
A. heematodes, and Otiorrhynchus blandus, the last the most abundant of thein all.
— W. E. Shaep, Ledsham, Cheshire: August 30th, 1897.

Bothynotus pilosus and other Hemiptera in North Kent. — While collecting on
August 27th in some woods between Heme Bay and Canterbury, I had the good
fortune to take a fine specimen of the rare Hemipteron, Bothynotus pilosus. It was
a brachypterous ? , and was obtained by sweeping amongst long grass by the side of
a path in the wood. This capture is interesting as giving a new locality for the
insect intermediate between those in Sussex and Norfolk from which it has previously
been recorded. Other interesting captures during August were Corizus capitatus by
sweeping and Pilophorus cinnamopterus plentifully on young fir trees in the same
woods ; Teratocoris antennatus plentiful in all its stages and in both sexes in a
marsh amongst Scirpus marifimus at Hampton, near Heme Bay ; T. Saundersi
(chiefly females) jilentiful amongst long grass, and especially Juncus compressus, in a
salt marsh near Whitstable ; Cyrtorrhinus iiaveolus much less commonly in the
same place ; Henestaris halophilus in profusion in a salt marsh at Swalecliffe, and
Peritrechus nuhilns in a marsh at Hampton, chiefly in the folds of a piece of tarred
canvas, which was evidently its head quarters, as it contained large numbers of
exuvise ; Plagiognatlms albipennis on Artemisia, Myrmedobia distinguenda in thatcli,
and one developed 9 oi Nabis Jlacomnrginatus by sweeping, at Swalecliffe. Choro-
soma Schillingi and Allodapus rufescens were also present in small numbers in the
Swalecliffe marsh, and Monanthia dumetortim was common in hedges. One morning,
while on my way down to the sea for a dip, I saw a beautiful specimen of Pieris
Daplidice settle on a flower just in front of me, but having at hand no better ap-
pliances than a beetle net and a straw hat, I managed to miss it, and it sailed away
to be no more seen. — E. A. Butler, 39, Ashley Koad, Crouch Hill, N. : September
13th, 1897.

Query respecting Acanthia ciliata, Eversmann. — Under this name, in the
" Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou," 181-1, p. 9, Dr.

* These species have also been found iu Hoy by Mr. McArthur. G. C. C.

1897.] 237

Edouardo Eversmann described and figured a species of house-bug which, although
admitted as a distiuct species, does not appear to have come under general notice,
and in Britain there is no mention of it by any author. Fieber, in his " Europaischen
Hemiptera," p. 15 (1861), quotes Eversmaun's description, but except saying " In
Russland," makes no remark, and he does not appear to have known the species.
Flor, in his " Rhynchoten Livlands," does not allude to it. Now that attention is
being directed to the different species of Acanthia (or Cimex, as some still prefer to
call the genus), it seems desirable that the claims to recognition of this species, in
Britain at any rate, should not be forgotten or overlooked. Eversmann's description
(in Latin) as to the chief characters is to the following effect : — " Much smaller than
A. lectularia. Body broadly ovate (length, 1\ times the breadth), flat, rugulose,
greyish-red, opaque, covered with grey or lutescent hairs, and laterally ciliated with
longer hairs. . . . Antennae 4-jointed ; 1st joint short, cliivate ; the other three
joints of neai-iy equal length to eacii other, cylindrical, but the 2nd a very trifle
longer and thicker than either of the others. Clypeus quadrate, rounded in front.
Thorax transverse, in front broadly emarginate, the lateral margins very slightly
elevated, subparallel, anteriorly deflected. Abdomen roundly elliptic. Rostrum as
long as the thoi'ax, triarticulate, joints of equal length.

" This Acanthia, Vi\\\c\\ in some years has appeared in many houses of tlie City of
Kazan, differs from A. lectularia not only in form but also in its habits; it does not
inhabit socially in chinks and joints of the bedsteads, like A. lectularia, but walks
about singly and slowly on the walls and bed -coverings, always appearing as if torpid
with cold. Its puncture of the human body produces large and persistent tumours,
it is also more painful than the puncture of A. lectularia, which is easily accounted
for by its longer proboscis."

It would be of intei'est to know if this species still exists in Kazan only, or if,
considering the difficulty of disestablishing Acanthice, it is not only prosperously
domiciled there, but has also extended its ravages into other towns and countries.
And yet, except reported on by an entomologist, how is it to be guaranteed whether
the settlers or migrants (as the case may be) are ciliata or lectularia, or if the honours
of the situation are equally divided between the species ? Possibly some competent
brother will note and reply. — J. W. Douglas, 153, Lewisham Eoad, S.E. : August
20th, 1897.

A hint as to breeding loood-feeding insects. — Many years ago my lamented friend
Mr. Stainton was in the habit of receiving wood-feeding Micro-Lepidoptera from
Herr Miihlig, of Frankfurt a/M, who obtained them from a friend, a Coleopterist,
in that city, whose name I never heard. This entomologist was the possessor of a
glasshouse, but whether it was specially constructed or only a disused greenhouse, I
never knew, nor does it particularly matter. During the winter he obtained from
the neighbouring forests a supply of dead or decaying wood, and stored it in this
glasshouse in question, not allowing it to become too dry. During the season for the
emergence of the perfect insects the house was kept constantly closed, and the
insects that came out were readily captured on the glass. In addition to Coleoptera
there were of course many other insects, and being in need of species of the genus
Rhaphidia (which preys upon wood-feeding larvaj), I induced Mr. Stainton to try
and obtain some from his correspondent. The first attempt I well remember was not

238 [October.

successful ; in lieu of Rhaphidia there came a copious supply of the Siricid
Xiphidria droniedariux. But explanations produced many specimens of Rhaphidia
subsequently, amongst which was a supply of Rh. nigricoUis, Albarda, then an un-
described species, and as yet, so far as I am aware, known otherwise only by a
single specimen. And now as to the application of this hint. I am of opinion that
it would well repay any entomologist in this country living in a suitable district
(say the vicinity of the New Forest), and having a suitable structure, to follow the
example of the German Coleopterist. It is very possible that by this means many
insects only acquired by dint of much trouble and hard work, and often of apparent
great rarity, might easily be obtained, and at home. — R. McLaculan, Lewisham :
July 2-Hh, 1897.

The Rev. Andrezv Matthews, 3/..4., the well-known specialist in Trichopterygidce
and other Micro-Coleoptera, died at Gumlcy, Leicestershire, on September l-4th, in
his 83rd year. He had been rector of the parish for 44 years. A further notice
will appear nest month.

FUETHER COCCXD NOTES ; WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NeW SpECIES, AND DIS-
CUSSION OF Points of Interest; by W. M. Maskell, Registrar of the University
of New Zealand, Corr. Mem. Eoy. Soc. of South Australia. Trans. New Zealand
Institute, 1896. pp. 293—331, 5 plates.

Mr. Maskell has once more given a retrospect of the discoveries of new species
of CoccidcE, chiefly Australian, but some also from China, Japan and India, with
observations on some species already more or less perfectly known, and we are glad
that this work has again fallen into his capable hands. The absolute novelties are
less in number than in some former years, yet some of them are very remarkable in
structure and size. In the latter respect the extremes are very noticeable, one
species, Parlatoria perpusilla, from West Australia, being only -joth inch diameter,
the smallest Coccid known ; another, Lecanium mirijlcum, from Australia, on Acacia
pendula, half an inch long, one-third of an inch wide, and quarter of an inch high,
being the largest.

The figures on the plates are from the author's own drawings.

There are some very pungent remarks on the work of incompetent writers, and
an example is given of the published views of merely literary men on Natural
History subjects, which are here designated " inconceivable rubbish," and would be
quite laughable if they were not of serious import, being addressed by an influential
paper to readers unable to discriminate. It may be doubted if caustic criiicism,
however deserved, is beneficial to the objects of it, ■who will rather be confirmed in
the belief of their own superiority. — J. W. D.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
July 22nd, 1897.— Mr. A. W. Dennis in the Chair.

Mr. Ashdown exhibited a living specimen of the rare and local Longicorn,

is'J7.] 23n

Oberea oculata, taken at Wicten Fen. Mr. Bedgeley sent for exhibition a specimen
of the Dragonfly ^schna oyanea which had been taken in the Borough on July
18th.

August 12th, 1897.— Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. McArthur exhibited a fine bred series of Toxocanipa cracccB from North
Devon. Mr. Edwards, young larvae of CaUimorpha Hera, which he had just re-
ceived from the French Alps, where the imagines absolutely swarmed. Mr. J. N.
Smith, on behalf of Mr. Fitzgerald, a remarkably smoky variety of Melanippe
montanata, one of a pair taken at the same time and place. Mr. Tolhurst, the
curious telescopic larvte of Eristalis tenax from a tank of foul water in his garden.
Mr. West, of Greenwich, specimens of the Hemipteron, Atractotomus mail, which
he had taken on whitethorn at Lewisham. Mr. Ficklin, larvee of Dianthoecia nana
from the Land's End. Mr. South, two bred specimens of Peronea permutana from
Eastbourne, which differed very considerably from the Wallasey type. Mr. Adkin,
a small brood of Abraxas grossulariata, which exhibited none of the peculiarities of
the female which deposited the ova.

August 2Qth, 1897. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. Tutt exhibited the egg of Polyommatus Corydon, which had never been
previously described, and remarked on its beautiful reticulated appearance ; a living
Mantis from Aix-les-Bains, which had fed ravenously on cockroaches ; a Tlpula with
beautifully marked wings ; and specimens of an Orthopteron which was abundant
and active on the wing about 9 a.m. near Susa, and remarked on its protective
colouration : on behalf of Mr. Tuck, of Bury St. Edmunds, he also exliibited a nest
of Vespa rufa, which had been attacked by the larva of Aphomia sociella, and which
was about a foot deep in a bank ; part of the nest of Bombus lapidarius, attacked
by the same species, and which had been taken from a rat's hole in a pigstye ; and
further, a nest of Bombus Latreillellus similarly attacked, taken from a mouse's hole
in a pasture : they were all taken during the few previous days. Mr. Adkin, series
of Bryophila muralis {glandifera) and B. perla from Poole, with series from East-
bourne for comparison. Mr. McArthur, specimens of Larentia salicata from North
Devon, small and dark compared with those from other localities ; a second brood
specimen of Smerinthus populi ; and a series of good varieties of A. grossulariata
bred this year.— Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

ON A COLLECTION OF COCCIBM, PRINCIPALLY FROM CHINA

AND JAPAN.

BY W. M. MASKELL.

During the year 1896 Mr. A. Koebele, so well known as an en-
ttusiastic helper of fruit growers in their warfare against insect pests,
made a journey through the Far East with a view to collecting Coccidce
and other injurious insects. The modern facilities for traffic and easy
communication have greatly increased the spread of these pests, and
Mr. Koebele's principal object appears to have been to obtain, as far

240 [October, 1807.

as possible, a knowledge of their parasitic enemies, so that these
might be utilized as checks if haply they could be introduced in
sufficient numbers with their hosts. The collection of Coccids which
he obtained was forwarded to Washington, where Dr L. O. Howard
has been for some time engaged in the systematic study of insect
parasites. It was necessary to ascertain as accurately as possible the
generic and specific positions of the Coccids collected, and with this
view specimens of each were forwarded to me for identification. On
the whole, more than a hundred parcels were sent to me, some of them
containing large numbers of specimens, and I have been able to
identify the majority of these, completing the work by about the end
of June in this year. In some cases, on account of injury from
mould or other fungus, or from destruction by insect parasites, I found
it impossible to make sure of the specific characters ; but the great
majority were in a condition to give sufiicient clearness, and the list
which I here give shows the result.

There are only about thirty insects in the collection which I can
consider as new species, or new varieties of known species. In these
cases I am giving here a brief general account, in order that Dr.
Howard (to whom I have already sent their names) may, if he possesses
their parasites, employ these names without the necessity of referring
to them as "MS.," a thing which is always to be avoided if possible.

Each parcel of specimens sent by Mr. Koebele (with a few ex-
ceptions) was marked with a number ; and in this list I have noted
each, with the attached letter K. The numbers were not consecutive,
and I suppose represent their position in Mr. Koebele's general insect
collection. In nearly every case the food-plant is also given, with the
locality. A few of these insects have been mentioned by me in my
paper of 189G, lately published in vol. xxix of the Transactions of the
New Zealand Institute.

LIST OF SPECIES.

AspiuiOTUS auranlii, Maskell (K. 1124, 1364 (?), 150G) : on Citrus, Ficus,
Palm, a " spiny shrub," and two unnamed plants, Hong Kong, Formosa. I am not
absolutely sure about No. 1364.

Aspid. camellicB, Boisduval {A. rapax, Coinstock), (K. 1551) : on Cercis sili-
quastrum, Amoy.

Aspid. cydonite, Comstock (K. IIIG, 1547) : on Casuarina, Sandwich Islands,
and on Hibiscus, Uong Kong.

Aspid. ci/donife, CJomstock, var. tecta,var. nov. (K. 1561) : on " Ohio," Sandwich
Islands. A variety in which the insect agrees with the type, but the puparium is
flatter and is subcortical, with a covering of bark-cells.

Aspid. dictyospermi, Morgan (K. 1528) : on Erythrina indica. Hong Kong. A
slight variation from the type, but the differences are unimportant.

November, 1897.1 241

A.ipid. destructor, Signoret (K. 1304.) : on Pandaniis, Formosa.

Aspid. fic-us, Riley (K. 1514) : on Machilus Thunbergii and Quercus cuspidata,
Japan ; on (?), Formosa.

Aspid. implicatus, sp. nov. (K. 1498) ; on Campanula (?), Formosa, the plant-
name is indistinct. Very minute ; pnpariura wjiite, circular, convex ; pellicles in-
conspicuous ; entangled amongst the hairs of the plant. The spinnerets variable ;
in some specimens wanting, in others only five, in three groups.

Aspid. longispina, Morgan (K. no number) : on " Kukui," Sandwich Islands.

Aspid secretus, Cockerell, var. lobulata, var. nov. (K. 1513) : on Bamhusa, Japan,
In this variety there is a small lobe on each side of the terminal median lobe.

AoNlDiA elceagnus, sp. nov. (K. no number) : on Elceagnus macrophylla, Japan.
The puparium is very small, reddish-brown, very slightly convex ; pellicle yellow.
The abdomen ends in very irregular projections, something like those of A.corniger,
Green, but less conspicuous.

DiASPiS amygdaU, Tryon (K. 1127, 1220, 1221, 1410) : on Rhus and Burdock,
Hong Kong ; on Ori.va japonica,3a.'pB,r[; on Oleander, Amo'^ ; on Loranthus, Cejlon.
The pellicles in many of these specimens are very dark red, and I am inclined to
make them var. rubra ; others are more like a form which Mr. Green originally
named geranii, afterwards merged in the type.

Diasp. roscB (Sandberg), Signoret (K. 1265, 1477, 1480, 1502, 1524, 1537, 1540) :
on Elceagniis macrophylla and Trachelospermum jasininioide, Japan ; on Ailanthns
glandulosus, Swatow ; on Cycas and Cinnamomum, Hong Kong ; on Myrtus, China ;
and on Actinodaphne, Hong Kong.

Diasp. rosce, Sandberg, var. spinosa, var. nov. (K. 1545) : on Smilax, Japan.
Differs from type in the browner colour of the adult female and in the more nume-
rous spines on the abdomen. The pellicles are yellow. I do not at present think
that this is the same as Diasp. fagrcecB, Green, an insect in Ceylon.

Paklatoeia proteas, Curtis (K. 509, 1130, 1514, and two without a number) :
on Citrus, Canton ; on Myrtus, Macao ; on Citrus and Camellia, Formosa ; on
Camellia and Machilus, Japan.

Pari, proteus, Curtis, var. virescens, Maskell, 1896 (K. 1255, 1272, 1429) : on
Rose, Japan ; on " liliaceous plant," Formosa ; on Pyrm sinensis, Hong Kong.

Pari, sinensis, sp. nov. (K. 1571) : on Orange, Hong Kong. Puparia completely
encrusting the twigs and massed together. Abdomen of female exhibiting the
generic fimbriated hairs, but these are very much less numerous than in any re-
ported species.

Pari, zizyphi, Lucas (K. no number) : on Citrus and Psidium, Formosa.

Mttilaspis citricola, Packard (K. 1202, 1535, 1548) : on Taxus cuspidata and
probably on Quercus, Japan ; on an unnamed plant {Citrus ?), Amoy.

Mytil. pallida, Green (K. 1516) : on Willow, Japan. Probably a var. of M.
citricola.

Mytil. Crawii, Cockerell (K. 1515) : on Quercus, Japan.

Mytil. Crawii, Cockerell, var. canaliculata, Maskell, 1896 (K. 1229) : on Quercus,
Japan. A form differing only very slightly from M. Crawii is on Machilus Thun-
bergii, 3&^B,n (K. 1514).

242 (November,

Mf/tU. flava, Targioni-Tozzc3tti, var. hawaiiensis, Maskell (K. 1133) : on Pyrus
sinensis, Amoy.

Mytil. Oloverii, Packard (K. 1530) ; on (?), Ilong Kong.

Mytil. pornorum, Bouche (K. 1490, 1499, 1533) : on Ailanthus glandulosus and
Stillingia sehifera, Hong Kong. I believe this identification to be correct, but have
not yet definitely fixed it.

Chionaspis Irasiliensis, Signoret (K. 1407) : on Thea, Formosa. In my paper
of 1896 I agree with Mr. Newstead's proposal to attach this as a variety to C.
aspidistrcB.

Chion. eugenicB, Maskell (K. 1389) : on Palm, Hong Kong.

Chion. eugenicB, Maskell, varieties (K. 1227, 14. 6, 1517, 1544, 1549) : differing
slightly from the type; 1517 is a small form, 1496 and 1549 have larger lobes; on
grass. Hong Kong ; on Qaerctis acuta and Celtis occidentalis,Ja]yan ; and on Myrtus,
Amoy.

Chion. graminis. Green (K. 1470) : on Bambusa tessellata, Japan.

Chion. prunicola, Maskell (K. 1484) : on Eugenia, Japan.

Chion. vitis. Green (K. 1414) : on Machilus velutinus, Japan.
Note. — Pending the publication of Mr. Green's Part II of his book on the CoccidcB
of Ceylon, the foregoing identifications of his species of Chionaspis are
more or less uncertain, but are probably correct.

IscHNASPis filiformis, Douglas (K. 1482) : on Palm, South Australia.

POLIASPIS pini, sp. nov. (K. 1494) : on Pinus densiflora, Japan. Puparium
white, narrow ; abdominal lobes very small.

FlOBlNiA hamhusa, sp. nov. (K. 1534) : on Bambusa Fortunei, Hong Kong.
Second pellicle exceedingly elongated and narrow, thin and translucent, with an
irregularly serrated margin, and small lobes. Adult female very elongated, with
two terminal lobes.

Fior. camellice, Corastock (K. no number) : on Citrus and Psidium, Formosa.

Fior. camellicB, Comstock, var. minor, Maskell, 1896 (K. 1431) : on Ficus,
Amoy, and Camellia, Formosa.

Fior. nephelii, sp. nov. (K. 1417) : on Nephelium longana, China, Queensland,
Formosa. Insects inhabiting minute pits in the leaf. Puparia very small, brownish,
the pellicles yellow. Adult completely enclosed by the second pellicle, and very
difficult to extract. Second pellicle terminating with a median depression, the sides
of which are minutely serratulate. Adult female ending in a deeper depression
without serrated sides. Larva with many longish marginal spines.

Fior. pinicola, sp. nov. (K. 1529) : on Pinus sinensis, Hong Kong, and Cupressus
juniperinus, Formosa. Puparium yellowish-white, elongated ; second pellicle with
margin of abdomen wavy, having a few spines, and ending with a median depression.
Adult with a similar terminal depression, and a few spines and oval pores. Larva
without marginal spines.

Fior. signata, sp. nov. (K. 1495) : on Bambusa tessellata, Japan. Puparium
broadly pyriform, transversely striated. Second pellicle broadly elliptical, abdomen
ending with irregular striations and spines. Adult female ending with very incon-
spicuous lobes and serrations, and also with some spines.

Fior. tenuis, sp. nov. (K. 1510) : on Bambusa, Japan. Puparia usually massed

1897.] 243

close to junction of a leaf with its stalk ; very small, whitish. Second pellicle very
thin, hard and brittle, almost enclosing the adult. Adult extremely small, yellow,
ending with a very irregular spiniferous margin and almost obsolete lobes. The
larva bears some short conical spines on the cephalic margin, like spikes.

Ceeonema japonicum, sp. nov. (K. 1476, 1478) : on Ilex crenata, Japan. The
general characters are Lecanid, but the conical spinnerets which produce the
characteristic curling white waxy secretion are not submarginal (as in the type
species C. banksice in Australia), but are arranged longitudinally on the median
dorsal region ; consequently the secretion curls outwards towards the margin instead
of inwards as in C. banksice.

Lecanium coffecB, Walker (K. 1224) : on Gardenia florida, Formosa.

Lee. ficus, sp. nov. (K. 1349) : on Ficus, Swatow. Adult female yellowish-
brown or brown, elliptical, rather convex. Antennae of eight joints. Epidermis
with some oval spots. This form is allied to L. anthurii, Boisduval, and to L. mini-
mum, Newstead, but differs suiBciently. As regards L. terminalicB, Cockerell, I find
no mention of the antennae.

Lee. geometricum, Green (K. 1434) : on Laurus canariensis. Hong Kong.

Lee. globulosum, sp. nov. (K. 1541) : on Stillingia sehifera, Hong Kong. Adult
female sub-globular, brownish-yellow or yellow. Antennae short, of seven joints ;
feet slender and short. The distinctly Lecanid characters of the larva separate this
from Kermes.

Lee. hesperidum, Linn. (K. 1560) : on Carica papaia, and on " Ohia," Sand-
wich Islands.

Lee. longulum, Douglas (K. 1 .506) : on Ficus, Swatow.

Lee. notaturn, sp. nov. (K. 1475, 1478) : on Thea, on Ilex crenata, and on
Pittosporum, Japan. Adult female brown, elliptical, flattish, with a dorsal longi-
tudinal carina. Antennae with eight joints. On the dorsal carina there are two
longitudinal rows of small irregularly polygonal cells, quite different from tlie
conical spinnerets of Ceronema japonicum. Male yellow, with rather long terminal
spike.

Lee. olece, Bernard (K. 163) : on Vine, Hong Kong.

PuLViNAEiA psidii, Maskell (K. 1277, 1373, 1504, 1507, and two without a
number) : on Citrus, Houg Kong and Formosa ; on Citrus, Pittosporum, and Eurya
japonica, Japan.

Peosopophora quercus, Cockerell (K. 1281) : on Quercus cuspidata and Quer-
cus salicifolia, Japan.

Planchonia delicata. Green (K. 1495) : on Bambusa tessetlata, Japan.

Planch., sp. indeterm. (K. 1558) : on Quercus, Japan.

Eriococcus exiguus, sp. nov. (K. 1525), on ?, Hong Kong and Formosa.
Extremely minute : sacs yellowish or whitish, entangled in the hairs of the plant,
and very loosely felted.

Erioc. graminis, sp. nov. (K. 1523, 1546) : on Grass, Hong Kong. Sacs pure

white, elliptical, felted. Adult female dull greenish-brown ; antennae with six

joints, feet normal. Dorsum bearing a good many slender and shortish spines.

Allied to E. pallidus, Maskell.

X 2

244 [November.

Dactylopius, sp. indeterra. (K. 1592) : on Gras.t, Japan. All anteiinis and
feet being broken o£P, the species cannot be fixed.

Dact. ceriferus, Newstead (K. 1553) : on Psidium, Hong Kong.

Dact. cocotis, Maskell (K. 1562) : on Hibiscus, Hong Kong. There is a sliglit
variation in the antennal formula which may perhaps at a future time separate this.

Z)aei.^ra»»t«w, Maskell (K. 1501) : on Grasj, Hong Kong. This determination
is subject to future revision.

SPH.EROCOCCUS (?), sp. indeterm. (K. 1492) : on Pupulus tremula, var. villosa,
Japan. Insect semiglobular, intense dull black in colour, so extremely hard as to
resist prolonged boiling ; on turning it over only a hard black flat plate is visible,
vrithout organs, but the atrophied feet can be made out. On the dorsal region are
six small pits. The earlier stages were not sent, and the genus is for the present
left uncertain.

Sphcer., sp. indeterm. (K. 1515) : only two specimens, clearly of this genus,
with small test of yellow wax ; on Quercus, Japan.

Sphar. graminis, sp. nov. (K. 1520) : on Grass, Hong Kong. Insects covered
by sacs of white cotton (similar to tliat of Eriococeus). Adult female dark brown,
globular, losing feet and antenn®. Abdomen ending in a small depression. Epi-
dermis covered with numerous circular spinnerets.

SphcBr. parvus, sp. nov. (K. 1521) : on Cherry, Japan. Insects covered by very
loose cotton almost forming distinct sacs. Antennse and feet wanting. Epidermis
with a few scattered spinneret orifices.

Sphmr. tokiotiis, Cockerell (K. 1259) : on Bamhusa, Japan.

ICEBYA seychellarum. West wood (K. no number) : on Citrus, Formosa.

Tachardia decorella, Maskell (K. 1532, 1539) : on Gardenia florida. Hong
Kong.

In addition to the foregoing, the collection included the following
insects, not Coccidcs : —

Family Psyllid.*; ; genus Tkioza. Pupse only of a species of this genus, in
small pits on leaves of Camphor, Japan. The number on the parcel is indistinct.

Family Aleurodid^ ; genus Aleurodes (K. 1130) : on " climbing plant,"
Japan. Very minute black pupse of this genus, with white fringe.

In my paper of 1896 (Trans. N. Z. Inst., vol. xxix) I reported
the following species from Mr. Koebele's collection: —

Aspidiotus Rossi. Chionaspis thee.

-^OP-M'- Chion. eugenicp.

Asp. destructor. n- • • ;;•

^ rwriiiia camellia, var. minor, var. nov.

.Asp. e g , \. . Ceroplastes rubens, var. minor, var. nov.

Biaspis amygdali. Eriochiton cajani.

Parlatoria proteus, Mallophora sinensis, sp. n.

var. virescens, var. nov. . .„

Pari, zizyphi. Dactylopius ceriferus.

Mytilaspis Craioii, Monophlebus Burmeisteri.

var. canaliculata, var. nov.

Wellington, New Zealand :
July 20th, 1897.

1897.} 245

SOME KEMARKS ON THE CHARACTEES OF ADALIA, Muls., AND
COCCINELLA, Linn.

BT BEETRAM &. EYE, E. E. S.

Mulsant (Spec. Col. Trim., p. 36) and Fowler (Col. Brit. Islands,
iii, p. 158) separate these genera by tlie form of the coxal lines on
the first segment of the abdomen, and the shape of the presternum
between the anterior coxae. Crotch (Eevision of the CoccinellidcB, p.
105) leaves Coccinella uncharacterized.

Of the characters mentioned by Mulsant and Fowler the form of
the coxal lines appears to be the only reliable one upon which any
division can be based ; but this has been rather ambiguously expressed,
and, when taken with the prosternal structure, it is almost impossible
to determine the genus of but very few of the species 1 have ex-
amined.

In the genus Adalia the prosternum is stated to be rounded and
smooth, but unfortunately this is not the case in A. hipunctata, which
has it distinctly flat and with a short carina at the apex. In Coccinella ,
however, it is flattened, and usually shows traces of at least two carinas.

Nevertheless, the two genera may be separated without much
difiiculty by the form of the coxal lines, except in immature specimens,
when the shrinking of the abdomen makes the tracing of the lines
rather uncertain.

The following table will explain the differences between the two
genera : —

Coxal lines on the first abdominal segment semicircular and continued to the side
margin, never reaching below the middle of the segment, sometimes slightly
evanescent towards the margin Adalia, Muls.

Coxal lines straight or slightly curved, and terminating on the apical margin of the
segment, never continued to the side Coccinella, Linn.

In some of the species of the genus Coccinella there is a slight
depressed line that in some lights looks like a continuation of the
raised coxal line, but on close examination it will be found that it
terminates before it reaches the coxal line. This fact has no doubt
given rise to certain varieties of C. hieroglypMca, L., being mistaken
for the var. fenestrata, Weise, of A. ohliterata, L.

From a study of these characters it will be found that C.
10-punctata {variabilis) must be placed in the genus Adalia, and it
will also raise the question whether A. bothiiica, Payk., is not a variety
of that species.

212, Upper Richmond Road, Putney, S.W. :
September 1st, 1897.

246 [November,

HINTS ON COLLECTING ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA.

BY EDWARD SAUNDERS, F. L. S.

{Concluded from page 180).

In the last part of my notes I mentioned Rophites as having been
taken by Mr. Bloomfield in his garden at Guestling ; this is incorrect,
as it was captured in the wood near his house on Centaurea nigra ;
how I got it into my head that it was taken in his garden I do not
know, but I am glad to be undeceived, as I always felt a little doubt-
ful as to whether it might not have been introduced somehow with
some foreign plant. In the locality where it occurred, which I know
personally well, any chance of importation from abroad is almost
precluded.

The species of Megachile are to be found throughout the summer,
the earliest appearing about the beginning of June, although July is
probably the best month for them. They seem chiefly to frequent
thistles and bramble flowers, but I have found versicolor visiting Lotus
corniculatus in some numbers ; this was in the very early season of
1893, when the hot weather had no doubt tempted them out before
either brambles or thistles were in good flower, and later in the year I
have found it on thistles. M. argentata occurs as a rule near the coast,
and as it lines its burrows with the petals of Lotus it probably visits
that flower also for pollen. There is only one very rare species of this
genus in Britain, viz., M. ericetorum ; this has not occurred since
Smith's time, who captured a $ and ? at Wey bridge in 1844. I have
kept a sharp look out for it in this neighbourhood for many years, but
have not seen anything that even looked suspiciously like it ; it is a
very distinct species, and recognisable at once by the band of pale
pubescence widening at the sides of the abdominal segments. Several
of the species of Ccelioxys occur with those of Megachile, and like
them visit bramble flowers, thistles, &c. In this country C. veetis
seems to associate with M. maritima, rufescens and elongata, so far as
I have observed, with M. circumcincta ; but on the continent Friese
says the former occurs with species of Anthophora, and he mentions
C. quadridentata as an associate of AntJiophora parietina. Near
Chobham I have taken quadridentata on a bank, where earlier in the
season I have found Anthophora retusa, so that I suspect it is asso-
ciated with the latter species in this country. Aiithidium manicatum
should be looked for on Lamium purpureum, and other Labiates ; its
habit of stripi)ing the stems of plants with its mandibles of their woolly

18!i7.] 247

coating is a very interesting one to watch ; although a local insect,
it is abundant in some localities, and the very much larger size o£ the
^ , in comparison to that of the ? , is very striking. The three
species of Sielis are all rare, aterrima is the least so, and S-maculata
the rarest ; they associate with species of Osmia, the latter with
O. leucomelana, from nests of which species in bramble stems it has
been bred ; aterrima and phceop'era associate with 0. fidviventris, and
are also taken occasionally at flowers. I have found aterrima on the
tall garden Veronica, and have received phceoptera several times from
Mr. W. H. Tuck, who takes it round the burrows of Osmia near Bury
St. Edmunds.

Ghelostoma Jlorisomne and campanularum both burrow in wood,
and neither of them is rare ; the former is found in May and June,
and the latter, which frequents the flowers of the harebell, in June,
July, and August. Of Reriades very little is known in this country.
Brentford (Kirby) and Dulwich (Ingall) are the only localities
recorded. I have pointed out in my " Hymenoptera Aculeafa,'" p. 311,
the doubtfulness of the second locality. The species is a wood
burrower, so should be looked for round posts, dead trees, &c. Most
of the Osmias occur in June, and several are very rare ; hicolor and
aMrw7^??^« make their nests in old snail shells; ecBrulescens,fulviiientris,
and pilicornis in wood, although the former sometimes burrows in
bard banks ; rufa usually in the mortar of walls, &c., but sometimes
in banks, snail shells, or wood, in fact no sort of locality seems to come
amiss to it ; xanthomelana makes its cells at the roots of grass ; parie-
tina under stones, &c. ; leucomelana in bramble stems or banks ;
hicolor occurs in chalky and limestone districts ; parietina is very rare,
and only occurs in mountainous and limestone districts ; xanthomelana
appears to be very local, but has been found in recent years in the Isle
of Wight and in Gloucestershire, and several older localities are
recorded for it; the others are pretty generally distributed, although
leucomelana and spinulosa are not recorded from the north. Ceratina,
which could hardly be overlooked on account of its steel-blue colour,
appears to be strangely scarce in this country ; a good many localities
are recorded for it, and yet I have scarcely seen any specimens taken
in recent years ; Mr. Harwood, of Colchester, meets with it, but I do
not know of any other collector who takes it : it visits the flowers of
Echiiim, and nests in bramble stems. Eiicera longicornis is another
bee which no one could overlook, although they might wonder to what
genus its female belonged ; it is local, but abundant in many localities,

24(S [November,

appearing in May; I have found it in numbers at Chobham on Saro-
thamnus scopariu><, accompanied by its inquiline Noinada sexfasciata.
The lon<^ antennse of the males can be seen easily when the insects fly.
There are two species of Anthophora which appear in the summer,
furcata and quadrimaculata, the former is not a common insect, but is
widely distributed over the southern half of England ; the latter is
very local, but not uncommon where it occurs ; both have a very high
pitched note when flying, and visit labiate plants, such as Lamiwn
purpureum, &c. ; furcata makes it cells in decayed wood, quadrimaculata
in banks, &c. Saropoda himaculata has also a very shrill hum, and is
a most active little bee, darting from flower to flower with great
rapidity ; the eyes of the male are particularly beautiful, being of a
pale greenish tinge with darker spots, which seem to show through
from a deeper level ; it is abundant in many localities, especially in
sandy places, such as Chobham, &c. It is scarcely distinguishable
generically from Antlwphora, and Friese, in his Monograph of that
genus (which he calls Podalirius), includes Saropoda therein. In
July and August the males of most of the species of Bomhus and
Psithyrus aj)pear, as also those of Halictus and Sphecodes, in fact
August or early September is the best time for collecting the species
of these genera, as the sexes may then be found together, whereas in
the early part of the year only the hibernated females appear, also
the specimens are in their best condition at this time of year, having
only recently emerged. The female Halicti are not now to be found so
frequently at flowers, but are seen round their burrows ; the males,
on the other hand, often swarm on thistle heads, &c., especially those
of cylind7'icus and aJhipes ; the great similarity of the s])ecies makes
them very difllcult to study, and still more difBcult to recognise in the
field. There are two very rare species of Bomhus to be looked for in
this country , pomorum and Cullumanus, the former has only occurred
at Deal, the latter at Southend ; pomorum is coloured somewhat like
Japidarius, but the abdomen is clothed with hairs which gradually
shade from black at the base into browiiish-red at the apex, whereas
in Inpidarius the division between the black and red is clearly defined.
Cullumanus re^QvabXes pratorum, but the posterior metatarsi are fringed
with much shorter hairs, and the face of the ? is broader and squai'er.
Neither of these rarities has been recorded for many years as having
been found in this country. Bombi and Halicti may sometimes be
found as late as the end of October ; 1 remember well taking a consider-
able number of species of both genera on the East Cliff, Hastings, on
the 20th of that month, but then the weather was unusually warm and

1897.] 249

sunny. In August and September most of the ants belonging to the
Myrmicidce swarm, and a look out for the winged forms should be kept.
These are often picked up in the sweeping net when searching for
Coleoptera and Semiftera. As a rule, after the middle of September
it is not worth while to go out specially for Aculeate Hymenoptera,
unless the weather is particularly favourable.

1 will conclude these notes with a few remarks on preparing
and storing specimens after they are safely brought home. If the
object of the collector is thoroughly to know the creatures which
he is dealing with, then his first endeavour should be so to prepare
his specimens that he can freely examine every part of them ;
fortunately for those to whom time is an object, this preparation is
very simple ; the specimens may be either pinned through the meso-
thorax, leaving the wings and legs to arrange themselves, or they may
be glued on to narrow points of card, so that only a very small part of
the under-side of the thorax is hidden ; for small species I think the
latter plan is certainly the best, as a pin, however fine, often almost
destroys the mesonotum and renders any examination of its sculpture
practically impossible ; whereas if the card is cut into quite a sharp
point, and the insect poised just at the apex, only an infinitesimal
part is hidden, and if turned on one side this even is of no consequence,
as the other side will be exposed. Care should be taken when possible
to open the mandibles and stretch out the tongue, and also to extract
the armature of the ^ specimens, which may be done (easily after a
little practice) by inserting a fine needle at the apex of the body.
Much as one may admire the symmetry of beautifully "carded"
specimens, one is obliged to condemn them as unscientific, as one can-
not examine either the mandibles, or the under-side, or the sides of
the thorax under the wings, nor, as a rule, can one get a good view of
the claws, as they are generally more or less clogged with gum ; all
these parts present valuable specific characters, and to hide them
renders the determination of the specimens often absolutely impos-
sible. Souie entomologists pin their captures and spread out the wings
as is done in the case of butterflies and moths ; even this, I think, is
objectionable, as the extended wing prevents a strong lens from
approaching the mesopleurge near enough to be used. To make a
collection look nice should, I think, be au object with every collector,
but one cannot too strongly urge the importance of sacrificing every-
thing which hinders practical scientific examination. It is a great
advantage to get the specimens high up on the pins, by this method
more room is left for labels beneath, and the insects are less liable to

250 [November,

be eaten by mites, &c , which do not find it easy to walk up the pin,
also a strong lens can be brought to bear on the thorax, which is
impossible if the pin projects far above the surface of the insect.
Long fine pins are most difficult to manipulate ; it is therefore better,
when a fine pin is required to use a short one and to " stage " it, i. e.,
to pin it through a piece of card and then put a long strong pin
through the latter.

By this method all one's specimens, large and small, can be
brought up to one level, and thereby examination is materially assisted.
The pins I use for small species are the finest made for "Micros]''
silver pins should be employed, if possible (as they will not verdigris),
but they are so expensive that their use is almost prohibitory ; for
large species and for cards I use No. 1 of Kirby Beard's series. If
glue has to be used, any of the liquid glues that are sold, such as
" Le Page," &c., will answer the purpose. The card for staging should
be good, as some of the common card sold is so rotten that it will not
hold the pins firmly.

Every specimen should be labelled, and as much information as
possible should be put on the label : the locality and date of capture
should always be given, and a number may be added referring to a
journal in which fuller data may be recorded. I find it convenient to
record in my journal the walk taken and the localities visited, and the
rarer species captured on each day, as by this plan a record is kept
from which one can see where rarities have occurred, without reference
to the specimens themselves, so as to revisit the localities on future
occasions. If insects are received from other collectors the original
labels should be retained, and a new one stating from whom the speci-
men was received, &c., added.

There is always a difference of opinion amongst entomologists as
to whether cabinets or boxes are best for housing one's captures. I
have been used to boxes all my life, and, therefore, am possibly
prejudiced in their favour — anyhow, for Hymenoptera I greatly prefer
them, and use the shallow single-sided ones, which are supplied by
Mr. 0. E. Janson. These are only just deep enough to take the full
length Vienna pins so largely used on the continent. The great
advantage of these shallow boxes is that the insects are brought close
to the eye, and a lens can be used without removing them from the
box ; at the same time I must remark that double-sided boxes are
more economical.

As a preservative from the attacks of mites, &c., naphthaline is
probably the most efilcieut ; personally I use it in the form of

im.2 251

Fleming's " Mikado Moth Papers," which I pin on to the lids of the
boxes. This plan, however, will only do for single-sided boxes ; for
double ones, the naphthaline balls on pins, supplied by naturalists, are
the best.

If a cabinet is used, care should be taken to get a good one, with
thorougly well fitting drawers and glasses, good ones are expensive,
but in the long run they will repay the purchaser.

It is always a great pleasure (when one has the time) to arrange
or re-arrange one's collection, and at this time of year when collecting
for the season is nearly over, one begins to think how this may best
be done, at any rate how the season's captures may most conveniently
be incorporated. Plenty of room should be left, as available space is
always a desideratum, and the sizes of the species should be carefully
considered before fixing their allotted space ; good clear labels, giving
the generic and specific names, should be used : the former preceding
the species which make up the genus, the latter following each species
in order. A collection neatly arranged, properly named, and carefully
labelled, is of great scientific value, and at the same time is a source
of great pleasure to the owner.

St. Ann's, Woking :

Octoher 1st, 1897.

FLESH-FLIES BRED FROM SNAILS.
BY E. H. MEADE, F.R.C S.

In a small collection of Snrcophagce (most of which had been bred
from locusts in Algeria) sent to me for identification by M. Jules
Kiinckel d'Herculais, of the Paris Museum of Natural History, there
was a pair belonging to iS. privigna, of Eondani (a species closely
allied to "S. carnnria, L.), which M. Kiinckel said had been bred from
Helix lactea in Algeria. This is not a new occurrence, for Mr. C. H.
Tyler Townsend, of Las Cruces, N. Mex., described in Psyche (Feb.,
1892) a small Sarcophaga which he had bred from a snail, the Helix
thyroides, Say, and which he named S. helicis. The interesting point
connected with this circumstance is this : were the larvae of the fly
true parasites, or were they deposited upon the snail after its death ?,
in accordance with the more common habit of these insects to feed
upon carrion and decaying fungi,

Bradford : September, 1897.

252 [November,

PS EN CONCOLOR, Dahibom :

A NEW BEITISH FOSSORIAL ACULEATE.

BY THE RET. P. D. MOBICE, M.A., F.E.S.

The only species o£ Psen at present on the British list is pallipes,
Panz. (= atratus, Dahlb., Thorns., Andre, &e.), but I am now able to
add a second, viz., concolor, Dahlb., of which I took a ? on June 14th
o£ this year at Byfleet. I did not record the capture at the time, as
I hoped to find both sexes. But evidently, for this season at least,
that hope must be abandoned, so it seems useless to delay this notice
any longer.

Psen concolor is very like a large example of pallipes, but there is little diffi-
culty in distinguishing the two species. They differ most conspicuously in the
sculpture of the head, and especially of the tubercle or carina between the antennae.
(1) This, in pallipes, is shaped like an inverted T — *• «■> the lateral branches of the
carina start from a point decidedly lower in the face than the insertions of the
antennae, and run past these, transversely, towards the eyes ; whereas in concolor
the form is rather that of an inverted Yj the branches running obliquely, rather
towards the "genae" than the eyes, starting higher up between the insertions of the
antennae, and hardly extending beyond them. (2) The face of concolor below the
tubercle is foveated, while in pallipes it is flat or, if anything, a little convex. (3)
The base of the longitudinal carina in pallipes is much more dilated than in concolor ;
and is excavated above into a wide, nearly square, or rather " lozenged," fovea, which,
in concolor, is represented only by a narrow longitudinal groove. (4) The brow,
from the antennae and the tubercle upwards to the ocelli, is smooth and shining in
concolor ; in the other species it is much duller, and somewhat rugose, the punctura-
tion also is far coarser.

Thomson points out another character in connection with the (exterior) pair of
longitudinal impressed lines on the mesonotum. These in concolor are very long
(" ultra medium extensis "), while in pallipes they are short and inconspicuous.
My specimen shows this character strongly.

While examining ray insect in search of other characters, I noticed that its
apical ventral segments were not fringed, as in fresh examples of pallipes, with
silvery sericeous hairs. I was not sure, at first, whether this was a specific difference,
or merely a consequence of " rubbing " in the particular insect. But, as the speci-
men appeared to be in very good condition, 1 concluded for the former alternative,
and I now find that the absence of these fringes is mentioned by the late Edm.
Andre (Species, vol. iii, p. 183) as characteristic of concolor.

The (J of concolor I have never seen, but it must be instantly recognisable by its
brow, which is smooth and shining, as in the ? . I gather, too, from the descrip-
tions of it given by Ihomson, Tournier, and Andre, that it has also the branches of
the frontal carina oblique; though only the last of these authors positively says so.
Dahibom, however (Sphex, Suppl., p. 429), says, on the contrary, that these "ramuli,"
though oblique in the $ , are transverse in the ^. In his original description of
the species (Sphex, p. 6), he speaks as if the (J was as yet unknown to him.

1897.] 253

M. Tournier, who has bred both sexes, remarks that he has ob-
tained them from twigs of Berheris and ash, but never from bramble,
the latter always producing atratus. I have generally found atratus
(i. e., palhpes) in palings, mud-walls, thatch, &c , and I believe that
my specimen of concoloi' came from an old gate-post. Most of the
bramble-piercing insects {e.g., Pcmpliredon, Trypoxylon, Prosopis,&c.)
seem ready to bore, or perhaps to utilize existing holes, in various
materials, and not to confine themselves exclusively to bramble-stems.

It is quite likely that other British examples of Psen concolor
may exist in collections, mixed with the common species. If so, they
may easily be distinguished by the characters given above, and it would
be very desirable that their possessors should record them.

Woking : October, 1897.

An important proposed work on the Iloths of the World. — We have much
pleasure in reprinting the Prospectus of this gigantic National undertaking. — Eds.

" Prospectus of a Series of Volumes on the Lepidoptera Phalcence of the Whole
World, to be published by the Trustees of the British Museum.— Tae Trustees of the
British Museum having sanctioned the publication of a series of volumes on the
Moths of the World, and entrusted Sir George Hampson with the commencement
of the work, I beg to call your attention, as being interested in the classification of
the Lepidoptera, to the following scheme, which has been approved of for the work.
The chief want of entomologists working at this subject at the present time is a
comparative analysis of the genera in each family, on the lines of the classification
originated by Herrich-Schiiffer and Lederer for the European fauna, and amplified
of late years by Snellen, Meyrick, J. B. Smith, E. L. Ragonot and others, for various
groups of the Paleearctic, Nearctic, Oriental and Australian faunas, and it is thought
that the best way to supply this want is by the publication of such a work as the
following.

(1). The size of the work to be large 8vo, similar to the Catalogues of Birds,
Reptiles, &c., each volume to consist of about 500 pages, the exact number
being regulated with a view to completing the classification of a family or
subfamily ; each volume to be complete in itself, with its own index.
(2). The general arrangement of the work, and of each family and genus, to be from
the more specialized to the most generalized forms, the arrangement being
modified so as to make the system as natural as possible.
(3). The work to contain synopses and descriptions of the families, genera, and
species of Moths, every described species, about which any exact information
can be gained, being included, references only being given to those whose sys-
tematic position cannot be ascertained with tolerable exactitude, and no new
species being described except such as are represented in the British National
Collection.
(4). No catalogue of specimens will be included, but a somewhat full and minute

254 ( November,

account of the range of the species, references to all " types," to collectors'
names wlien known, and to series of specimens of which an account is given
in published works.
(5). The " type " of each genus will be indicated by being placed after the reference

to the genus, whether it be retained, treated as a subgenus or synonym.
(6). The references to the species will be confined to the original reference, to one
for each synonym, with dates of publication, to the best figure of the species,
to the best description and figure of the early stages, and to such faunistic
works and catalogues as are of most general use and importance.
(7). Local races will be treated as sub-species under sub-headings, with their own

references and synonymy.
(8). Each genus, and all the more prominent sections of genera, will be illustrated
by process blocks in the text, showing the facies of a typical species of the
genus or section, and all the more prominent details of structure on which
the genus is founded.
(9). An atlas of coloured 8vo plates will also be issued, giving half-figures of as many
as possible of the species which have never before been satisfactorily figured,
especially of " types " in the British Museum. This will be issued in parts,
as is convenient, and will be sold separately from the volumes ; it will contain
no letter-press except the explanation of the plates, giving the names of the
species figured, references to the pages of the volume in which the descrip-
tions will be found, and the country where the species is found.
(10). The order of the families will, in the main, follow that adopted by Mr. E-
Meyrick in his recent work on British Lepidoptera, and commencing with
the SyntomidcB will work down through the ArctiadcB and Agaristidce to the
NoctuidcB and LymantriadcB ; then, beginning again with the SaturniadcB
and their allies, will work downwards by the Sphingidce to the NotodontidcB,
Geo7netridcB,a,x\6i UraniadcB; thenhy the LasiocampidcB, Limacodidce, Cossidce,
Psychidce, and Castniadce to the ZygcBtiidcB ; then by the Drepanidce and
Thyridldre to the Pyralidce, Sesiadae, and Tineidte ; and ending with the
HepialidcB and Micropterygidce.
It is obvious that complete success in carrying out the above scheme will depend
on the willingness of entomologists and museums to lend specimens of described
species which are not available in London, and the authorities of the British
Museum (Natural History) hope that as much help in this way, as possible, may be
given when a])plication is made for the loan of specimens, which, when examined
and figured, will be carefully packed and returned, the Museum paying the carriage
going and coming. — (Signed) W. H. Flowee, Director."

A proposed new work on the Macro- Lepidoptera of New Zealand. — We have
received from Mr. G-. V. Hudson, F.E.S. (of Wellington, N. Z.), the prospectus of a
somewhat ambitious work on the above subject, which is ready for publication pro-
vided that sufiicient support is guaranteed. Two hundred and thirty-four species
are described, and with full details of habits and transformations (much of which is
original). The size is 4to, and there will be two plain and eleven coloured plates
with over 500 figures from the author's drawings. The subscription price is one
guinea per copy (the issue limited to 500 copies). The author appeals to colonial

183'-] 255

entomologists principally, but his now long experience should render the work ne-
cessary and useful to a larger circle. The prospectus says that " all technical
descriptive matter is printed in small type, so that these portions may be easily
passed over by those " who desire to do so. This is rather a novel reason for the
practice of using small typo in such cases. We were under the impression that the
usual object was to economize space. — Eds.

Occurrence of Cramhus perlellus, var. rostellus, in Rons-shire. — On some coast
sandhills near Q-airloch, Ross-shire, early in September, I met with several exainples
of a Crambus which I cannot distinguish from specimens of rostellus taken in the
Engadine. The form known as rostellus differs from typical perlellus by its smaller
size, unicolorous, very glossy, yellowish-grey fore-wings, and darker hind-wings ; it
appears to be locally constant where it occurs, and is often regarded as a good species,
though I prefer at present to look upon it as a vrell marked local form. On the
continent it is an alpine form, and its occurrence in Scotland on the sea-level, fre-
quenting Elymus in such a way that it must be supposed to have fed upon it, is
certainly curious. The climate of the Scotch locality is far from cold, but the
rainfall is very heavy. — E. Meteick, Elmswood, Marlborough : Sept. 30th, 1897.

Epione vespertaria ("parallelariaj in Moxhiirghshire, 1897. — I believe I am correct
in stating that Epione vespertaria (parallelariaj has not previously been recorded
as having occurred in Scotland. The followings facts relative to the capture of this
species in Roxburgshire this season will therefore be of great interest. My friend
Mr. W. Renton, of Hawick, having informed me that he had taken E. vespertaria
near that town, I asked him to be good enough to furnish me with full particulars
as to time, place and date of capture, and also a specimen for identification, as I
thought it just possible that he might have mistaken E. apiciaria for E. vespertaria,
having occasionally seen specimens of the former doing duty for the latter in col-
lections. Mr. Renton very kindly at once forwarded me an undoubted female E.
vespertaria, t\\o\xgh somewhat smaller than those from this locality ; three specimens
were captured, one male flying and two females at rest on the grass ; date of capture,
August 26th, 1897 ; time, 7 to 7.30 p.m. — William Hewett, York : September, 1897.

Larva of Eugonia autumnaria at TFalmer. — I find in the Magazines scattered
references to the capture of Eugonia autumnaria {alniaria) on the Kent coast, but
have not^come across any record of the larva being taken. I think, therefore, that
it may be of interest to state that I found a larva of that species on a wall in the
Dover Road, Walmer, on August 14th last, and reared from it a ? specimen on the
21st inst. — GrEO. C. Griffiths, 43, Caledonia Place, Clifton, Bristol: September
2nh, 1897,

Lepidoptera in South-East Dorset. — During the month of September in south-
east Dorset I tramped a great number of miles in pursuit of the partridges which
, were exceptionally plentiful on most estates, and made the following observations on
Lepidoptera. Pyrameis Atalanta was decidedly common and P. cardui was oc-
casionally met with, but Colias Edusa was not noticed at all, nor have I seen a
single specimen of it this year. Chrysophanus Phlceas was well to the fore, but the

25G [November,

most abundant species was without doubt Plusia gamma, which swarmed in every
field. Of the Micros, Stenopteryx ht/bridalis and Plutella maculipennis (^ cruci-
ferarum, Z.) were in evidence, but not very numerous, and in a piece of rough
common I disturbed from among the gorse bushes two or three fine examples of
Depressaria pallorella, and succeeded in boxing one of them without incurring the
displeasure of my host, though the pursuit of the others had to be abandoned for
fear of so doing. Besides the above, a few plebeian insects which call for no com-
ment, such as Aglais urticce and Pieris rapcB, were seen, but no rarities were met
with, which was sadly disappointing. — Eustace E. Bankes, Burwarton, Bridgnorth :
October 17 tk, 1897.

Recent captures of Coleopfera in Kent and Surrey. — Three or four afternoons'
collecting near Sittingbourne, in September, have produced the following species of
Coleoptera, cliiefly by sweeping long grass under some oak and beech trees : —
Anisotoma cinnamomea, one very large and finely developed ^ ; A. dubia and Cyrtusa
pauxilla; Pocadius for ruyineus {also in puff-balls, with one example of Coenocara
bovistcp) ; Rhizophagus parallelocollis, Monotonia spin i col lis, eir\d Conipora orbicu-
lata, all rare ; Aphodius sticticus and A. obliteratus, commonly, also in dung ; Cis
alni ; Phloiophilus Edwardsi and Tetratoma Desmaresti, a few examples of each ;
Anisoxya fuscula (1), Apian pomonce and A. vorax, both in profusion ; Trachodes
hispidus, Orchestes ilicis, Sibinia primita, Balaninus cerasorum (1), &c. Beating
dead sticks in hedges produced another Anisoxya fusc^da, with Homalium iopterum,
Lissodema 4:-ptistulatum, Pogonochcerus hispidus, and P. dentatus ; Acalles turbatus
in plenty, &c.

Other captures within the last few weeks include Macrocephalus (Anthribus)
albinus, of which I beat two $ examples out of dead hedge sticks near Frenshani,
Surrey, on September 4th ; Colon viennense c? , and Rhinoncus bruchoides, at
Woking, the latter occurring rarely on Polygonum hydropiper in company with
Phytobius Walfoni, which was rather common ; Aphodius consputus in profusion
(and almost to the exclusion of other species of the genus, though A. porous oc-
curred with it) in sheep dung on Chatham Lines, September 25th; Sitones meliloti,
rather commonly on the ripe seed vessels of Melilotus officinalis in a chalk pit at
Frindsbury, near Strood, and Anisotoma riigosa bj' sweeping at Cobham Park on
October 2nd. — James J. Walker, 23, Kanelagh Road, Sheerness : Oct. \lth, 1897.

Coleoptera near Southampton. — It may interest some Coleopterists to know tliat
during the past August I found, in the neighbourhood of Southampton, several
somewhat rare beetles, chiefly by sweeping, a method which one usually finds is
almost useless by the end of July. The following were some of the captures : —
Rhinonchus bruchoides, several on Polygonum ; Sibinia primita, common by sweep-
ing ; Smicronyx jxtngermanniae, on heath ; Balaninus rubidus, by sweeping ; Dory-
tomus pectoralis, common on sallow ; Strophosomus retusus, by sweeping heath and
boating faggots.— L. il. Buckxill, Wellington College, Berks : October, 1897.

[It is true that sweeping is usually unproductive in August, although I have
taken many good things during this month ; in September, however, and in October,
sweeping in damp woods is very profitable ; insects often come up on the grass on
foggy warm days, when everything is dripping, and the net can be wrung out after
every sweep. — W. W. F.].

1897.] ^ 257

Coleoptera from the Lincolnshire coast. — At Saltfleot, in 1896, Cillenus later-
alis, Bembidium concinnum and varium were common on the muddy banks of the
Withern. Pofjonus chalceus occurred also commonly in the salt marsh. During a
short stay at Trusthorpe, near Mablethorpo, in June, 1897, I got the following
more or less interesting species : — Amara oua^a, very common on the sandhills, often
picked up dead. Trechus micros, a few examples from cracks in the clay underlying
the sand. Saprinus metallicus, Herhst, this insect was not uncommon on one or
two hot days, on the tops of the highest sandhills, and several were taken flying.
Dascillus cervinus, a number of specimens were found on the shore, washed up by
the tide, often half dead ; probably they had been brought down by one of the large
drains from inland districts. Nauerdes melanura, L., several specimens on woodwork.
Psylliodes chrysocephala, var. anglica, P. This pretty variety occurred rather com-
monly with the type on low herbage near Sutton. On August 26th, I had a day on
the foreshore of the Wash, south of Boston, and found Pogonus chalceus abundantly,
with Dichirotrichus puhescens and obsoletus. Harpalus puncticollis, occurred in
numbers in the concave seed-heads of Daucus carota. Phalacrus corruscus, Mi-
craspis sedecimpunctata, both pretty common, and Anthicus antherinus. — Alfbed
Thorniey, South Leverton Vicarage, Lincoln : October, 1897.

Pityogenes bidentalus, Hhst., feeding on birch. — I received lately from Mr. J.
Worley, of Leicester, a fine series of this insect which he had taken " from under
dead birch bark." It was plentiful in this situation. Is the insect known to attack
other trees in addition to pine or fir? — Id.

Xyela julii, Breb. (pusilla, Dalm.J, at Oxshott. — When looking over some of
my captures Mr. McLaehlan detected a ? of this very rare and curious little sawfly,
taken by me at the above-named locality on May 3rd, 1896. — Alfked Beaumont,
The Eed Cottage, Pond Road, Blackheath, S.E. : September 28th, 1897.

[This insect is seldom seen in British collections. It has the aspect of a pigmy
Lyda, to which genus it is perhaps allied, but with extraordinary antennae, and the $
has the terebrant apparatus exserted and greatly elongated. — R. McL.].

Myrmosa melanocephala in Warwickshire. — In my note on this insect in the
September number, I stated that I believed the record from Sutton Coldfield was
the only one for Warwickshire. Since then 1 have received a letter from the Rev.
F. D. Morice, who informs me that he recorded a (J from Rugby, Ent. Mo. Mag.,
October, 1891, and also took a ? the following year. This I think proves that it
must be a rare insect in Warwickshire, or so keen a Hymenopterist would surely
have met with it more freely. — Ralph C. Bradley, Sutton Coldfield : October
Uh, 1897.

Mesochorus tetricus, Holmg., bred in England. — I had the pleasure of receiving
a batch of cocoons of Apanteles octonarius from the Rev. C. D. Ash, Skipwith, he
having obtained them from Notodonta dromedarius ; from these cocoons I bred
Mesochorus tetricus (the hyperparasite) as well as the maker. I believe this is the
first record of its being bred or recofiuised in England. — Gr. C. Bignell, Stonehouse,
Plymouth : September I5th, 1897.

258 [November,

Phorocera incerta, Meade, at Ipswich. — It may be of interest to state that this
fly, described as new to science by Mr. Meade last month, is in all probability quite
. common in the woods near Ipswich, where I found it sitting on the trunks of large
oak trees in the more open spaces in some numbers (though I only took seven speci-
mens, as I did not recognise it as a rarity), together with Exorida dubia and
perturhans, Bibio laniger, Spilogaster duplicata, and CallipTiora azurea, on April
26th, 1897. I certainly intend to search for more next year, and if successful, shall
then hope to give myself the pleasure of sending specimens to any of " the little
band of students" of Eritish Diptera, as Mr. Austen happily terms them, who care
to have the species. I have sent a specimen to him for the National Collection.—
Claude Mobley, Everton House, Ipswich : October, 1897.

The species of Chrysops in the Lea Valley. — Referring to Mr. Austen's most
interesting paper on the British species of Chrysops in the last number of this Maga-
zine, I may mention that the staple species of the genus in the Lea Valley is Chr.
relictus, which is abundant. The usually common Chr. ccecutiens, on the contrary,
is so scarce that in three seasons' collecting I have only met with a single example
(a 9 )> which I captured on July 4th, 1895, on the Edmonton Marshes. I have,
however, some recollection of a previous capture by a friend on the Marshes at
Tottenham in 1894. Chr. quadratus I have never taken, and I much doubt that it
occurs in the valley. — F. Beansden Jennings, 152, Silver Street, Upper Edmonton,
N. : October 8th, 1897.

Cimices in birds' nests. — On the 3rd instant I put my suggestion (p. 212, ante)
into practice by procuring a lad and a ladder, and having three large sparrows' nests
brought down from the eaves of this house, and that was nearly all the result, for
the close examination of them over a newspaper afforded only two earwigs. Well,
one swallow does not make a summer, nor did three sparrows' nests give a harvest of
Acanthice, yet I am not discouraged by this failure of the first experiment ; it only
goes to show that there were no Acanthia there, not that they do not exist in other
nests, and the problem has yet to be solved. — J. W. Douglas, 153, Lewisliam Road,
S.E. : September 8lh, 1897.

Forjicula Lesnei, Finot,at Wallingford. — I am very pleased to be able to record
a second capture of Forjicula Lesnei, Finot, in England. Mr. Horace Donisthorpe
has very kindly given me a specimen {$) taken by him at Wallingford, in Berkshire,
in September, 1892. — Malcolm Bukr, Bellagio, East Grinstead : Sept. 22nd, 1897.

6bituar}).

2'Ae liec. Andrew Matthews, who died at Gumley, Leicestershire, on September
14th, at the advanced age of 82, had been Rector of the parish for 44 years ; he was
the son of the Rev. Andrew Hughes Mattiiews, and was born on June 18th, 1815
(the day of the Battle of Waterloo). His father was himself a naturalist, and a

i8'.»7.] 259

contemporary of Stephens and Curtis, and other leading entomologists of the time,
and he was brought up from ehildhood with a taste for ornithology and entomology.
In 1833 he entered at Lincoln College, Oxford; after taking. his degree he was
ordained by the Bishop of Oxford to the Curacy of Middleton Stoney in Oxford-
shire, and in 1853 he was presented to the living of Gumley. In 1860 he married
the daughter of Mr. John Dodd.

Before the death of his brother (the Rev. Henry Matthews, to whom he was
much attached) he did a great deal of ornithological and entomological work in
conjunction with him, and in 1849 the two brothers published "The History of the
Birds of Oxfordshire and its neighbourhood." It was, however, towards entomology
that Andrew Matthews had always had a special bent, and like most others, he
appears to have been first attracted towards Lepidoptera. The writer of this notice
remembers his relating the story of his purchasing a whole boxful of Chrysophanus
dispar, taken in Yaxley Fen, at a halfpenny a piece, and how some years after,
hearing that they were fast becoming valuable, he bethought him of his store, and
on examining the box found them all devoured except one or two, which he gave to
his informant ; fortunately, however, the magnificent series in his own collection,
together with many other rare Lepidoptera, are yet intact.

The Coleoptera, however, always had the greatest attraction for him, and at a
time when the smaller beetles were almost entirely neglected, he took up the
minutest group of all, the Trichopteryffidcp, and studied them thoroughly; the result
was the appearance in 1872 of his chief work, " Trichopterygia lUustrata," a quarto
volume, illustrated by his own most carefully executed drawings, iu which the full
anatomy is given in detail, as well as figures of the various species. His other works
have been the following : — " An Essay on the British species of the genus MyllcEna,"
published in the Cistula Entomologica ; "A Synopsis of European Trichopterygidm,"
which appeared in L'Abeille; and "A Synopsis of North American TriehopterygidcB:"
he also published a Catalogue of British Coleoptera in conjunction with the writer
of this notice. In 1888 he was engaged in a description of the TriehopterygidcB of
Central America for the Biologia Centrali- Americana, and in his 80th year he com-
pleted a second volume of his " Trichopterygia lUustrata," fully illustrated, as the
first volume was, by his own hand from microscopical dissections. The MSS. and
drawings are now in the hands of Mr. P. B. Mason, of Burton-on-Trent, and it is
hoped that they may soon be published.

While collecting material for his work on the TriehopterygidcB in Sherwood
Forest and elsewhere, Mr. Matthews found a large number of very rare beetles, some
of which, such as Flegaderus dissectus, several species of Euplectus, and some of the
Lathridiidce, had hardly ever been taken before in England.

Besides being an entomologist and ornithologist, Mr. Matthews was an excellejit
amateur horticulturist, and for years exhibited at the Botanical and Horticultural
Societies in London, often carrying off first class certificates.

While speaking of him, however, from other points of view, we must not forget
that he never allowed his scientific work to interfere with his work in the parish;
his Church was beautifully kept up, and the services would have done credit to many
a town Church ; by his parishioners he was much beloved and respected. / ■ —

But for his retiring disposition, much more would have been heard of him, but

Y 2

260 [November,

he always preferred to keep himself at home, and verj seldom left Gumley, except
for a short collecting expedition in Sherwood Forest, or in order to visit some parti-
cular friends of similar tastes. He was most generous in helping those younger than
himself with knowledge and with specimens. The writer of this notice is especially
indebted to him for many notes on localities and habitats, and for the descriptions of
the TrichopterygidcB in the " Coleoptera of the British Islands," toI iii, as well as
for other assistance.

Mr. Matthews was as keen an observer as White, of Selborne, and in many ways
resembled him ; in the closeness of his work, however, he far surpassed him ; and
there have been very few writers indeed in the field of Natural History who have
carried on such minute and accurate work as was involved in his delicate dissections
and drawings to so advanced an age. — W. W. F.

Joseph William Dunning, M.A., F.L.S. — It is with deep regret we announce
the death on October 15th of Mr. Dunning, so long and so sympathetically connected
with the Entomological Society of London. A fuller notice will appear in due
course.

The death of Morris Young, F.E.S., of the Free Museum, Paisley, has recently
been announced. A detailed notice will be given next month.

oqicties.

BiHMiNGiiAM Entomological Society : August IGth, 1897. — Mr. G-. T.
Bethune-Baker, President, in the Chair.

Mr. Bradley showed JEschna grandis from Sutton, and said that it was quite
unusually common there this year, both in the park and in his garden. He also
showed Molophilus murimis from his garden, where he had taken a fair series this
year, although it had not been seen there before. Mr. A. H. Marti neau showed
larvffi, pup.T, and imagines of Anthophora furcata, to illustrate its life-history ; also
Salius fuscus from Wyre Forest with a large gpider it had captured ; also Mimesa
bicolof, ^ and ? , from Coleshill ; and Ammophila sabuloaa from Wyre Forest. He
also said, apropos of a note by Mr. E. Saunders in the July number of the Ent. Mo.
Mag., on " Muscular energy in a Tipula leg after death," that he had watched a
dissevered leg of a harvest bug {^Acariua) move spasmodically round a plate for 35
minutes. He also said that ho once removed the abdomen from a living wasp, and
tlien supplied it with liquid food ; it drank up the food -until it had deposited a
large bead of it behind ; he then attached a cork body to it, and the insect flew
across the room, though of course badly and not straight, as the balance had not
been restored. Mr. J, W. Moore showed a little lot of Lepidopiera from the Fens,
where he had collected them last Whitsuntide, awd wliich included Senta maritima,
with var. wismarlensis ; a fine series of Leucania obsoleta ; a single Tapinostola
elymi ; Acronycta leporina ; Lifhostege griseata, &c. ; also from Scotland, Arctia
ftdiginosa ; bred Hadena pisi, which were small, dark, and more marbled than
usual ; and Acronycta myriccB ; also a series of Agrophila sulpkuralis from Tudden-

im.] 2GI

ham. Mr. G-. T. Bethune-Baker exhibited two drawers from his collection, con-
taining the genus Aporia, and parts of the genera Parnassius and Pieris. He
pointed out how naturally Parnassius run into Aporia through Mnemosyne, in
which all the red and some of the black markings have gone, and Stubbendorfii, in
which the dark colour is nearly confined to the nervures ; also th&t Aporia runs into
Pieris through Aporia Hippia and Pieris Melete.

September 20th, 1897.— Mr. E. C. Bradley in the Chair.

Mr. Or. W. Wynn exhibited a nice series of Taniocampa opima, bred from larvce
from the Cheshire coast ; also the following insects (all bred) from Wyre Forest : —
Orgyia gonostigma, Notodonta trepida, Asphalia ridens, Qeometra papilionaria,
Amphydasys prodromaria, and a nice little series of Endromis versicolor, reared
from a colony of thirteen larvse found ; also Leucoma salicis bred from larvae found
neg,r Coventry ; a nice series of Melanthia albiciUata from Sutton larvse, and Heca-
tera serena found near Kidderminster. Mr. J. T. Fountain showed a series of
Dianthoecia capsincola bred from larvae found locally at Small Heath, &c. ; also a
specimen of Lyccena argiolus ? , which was small, and with the right wing bleached,
the outer portion being whitish and the basal half blue as usual ; also a specimen of
Lycmna Corydon 3 from Swanage, with the white of the hind marginal spots so
much extended, that on the fore-wings the black was only left on the nervures, and
on the hind-wings the white appeared as large submarginal spots with small dark
centres. Mr. R. C. Bradley, Cynomyia mortuorum, which he had taken the day
before at Droitwich ; he had not known of this species formerly in the Midlands.
Mr. P. W. Abbott, three specimens of Aporia crateegi, taken by Mr. H. Douglas
Stockwell near Dover on June 22nd last ; also he showed, in conjunction with Mr.
Albert J. Hodges, short series each of Leucania albipuncta, Caradrina ambigua,
Heliothis peltiger, and Laphygma exigua, all taken in South Devon during August
last. Mr. and Mrs. Abbott and Mr. Hodges between them secured twenty-four
L. exigua, and three other entomologists working near them obtained the same
number. — Colbean J. Wainweight, Hon. Secretary.

Cambridge Entomological and Nattteal Histoey Society : October
\Uh, 1897.

Mr. Rickard exhibited a specimen of C. Celerio taken recently in Cambridgeshire,
and an imago of Car/?oca/).sa 5n/<j7aw*, reared from the so-called "jumping bean;"
also some small ichneumons bred from a probably Deltoid larva ; he said that they
were peculiar in that they did not kill their host, and he believes that they inhabit
the alimentary canal of the caterpillar, and escape by the anus ; he had seen the
caterpillar carrying the cocoon made by one of these larvae, holding it with the anal
claspers for some days, as if to incubate it. Mr. Farren, a var. of -D. conspersa from
Shetland, C. corylata var. alhocrenata from Rannoch, and T. gothica \ a,r. gothiciyia
from Loch Laggan. Dr. Sharp, several South American cocoons of two species, one
Bombycoid, the other Psychid : one of the former contained a large ichneumon
cocoon in which again were smaller ones of another species, while two others had

262 [November,

been used by a Mason wasp and a leaf-cutting bee respectively to make their nests
in ; the Psychid cocoons were tubular, about 4 in. long and ^ in. thick, the females
being largest, and it appeared that the female moths never leave the cocoon, for one
of them was found hardly free from the large chrysalis, embedded in soft scales, and
almost maggot-like in appearance. Although the larvae spend a large part of their
life in these cocoons, yet a large proportion were found to have been killed by
pai'asites. Mr. Bedford, three varieties of E. hyperanthiis, taken near Brockenhurst
at the end of June ; in the first a female belonging to the " lanceolate " type, all
the parts of each ocellus were correspondingly enlarged, the central pupil in some
being considerably elongated ; in the second, a male, the aberration affected the fore-
wings only, and consisted in a tendency for the yellow band of each ocellus to spread
over the surface of the wing, forming irregular and quite asymmetrical blotches, the
rest of the ocellus being quite normal ; the third case was that of a male in which
the right hind-wing only was abnormal, both the black and yellow bands of all the
ocelli, except that nearest to the anal angle, being so much enlarged as to run into
one another, forming a black streak surrounded by yellow covering the greater part
of the wing and traversed by the wing rays, which were dusted over with yellow
scales, the pupils of three of the ocelli were quite normal, that of the fourth (next
to the costal margin) was barely visible. — L. Doncastee, Hon. Secretary.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society:
September 9tk, 1897.— Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Spindler exhibited a remarkable var. of Epinephele Tithonus, in which the
whole of the black mai'kings were absent, while the fulvous colour was of the normal
depth. It was taken at Luggershall, Sussex. Mr. South, several unusually dark
Scotch forms of Spilosoma menthrasti, being second generation descendants of Moray
parents. Mr. Turner, an unusually grey specimen of Mamestra abjecta, taken in
the Greenwich marshes ; a small red form of Agrotis tritici from Woolmer Forest,
Hants ; series of under-sides of Enodia hyperanthus from Carlisle and Chattenden,
to show the contrast in the ground colour, the former being of a grey appearance,
while the latter were deep and rich ; a larva of Heterogenea limacodes from Wester-
ham ; and larvae of Acidalia immorata from Alpine ova. He remarked upon the
undoubted Acidalia-Vike habits and appearance, and said that they fed readily upon
knotgrass. Mr. West, of Greenwich, specimens of the local Hemipteron, Dictynota
fuliginosa, taken on broom at Plumstead. Mr. Adkin, series of Satyrus Semele,
from Eastbourne and Bouniemouth,for comparison, with examples set to show their
natural resting positions on the ground. Mr. Tutt remarked that allied continental
species had precisely the same habits. Mr. Lucas, specimens and drawings of the
scarce dragon-fly, Agrion merciiriale, which he had taken in the New Forest. Mr.
Dennis, under the microscope, ova of both Polyommatus Corydon and Plehius .Kgon,
the former of which had not yet been described. Mr. Tutt, a cabinet drawer con-
taining his series of Erebia Nerine and its near allies, together with photographs of
the famous -Mendelstrasse, in illustration of his paper, which he then read, entitled,
" A gregarious butterfly, Erebia Nerine : a reminiscence of the Mendelstrasse, with
notes on the Lepidoptera of the serpents of the Mendelstrasse."

1897.] 263

September 23ri, 1897. — The President in the Chair.

Dr. Chapman, F.E.S., of Elmscroft, Red Hill, was elected a Member.

Mr. Malcolm Burr presented to the Society's Museum an almost complete
collection of British Orthoplera. Mr. Auld exhibited series of Tapino.ttola Bondii
fi'om Folkestone ; of Caradrina ambigua, from Devon, where it has been somewhat
common this year ; of Dianthceria nana from Shetland ; and of TcBniocampa gothica
also from Shetland. Mr. Adkin, a bred series of D. nana from Shetland larvae,
showing much variation ; on behalf of Mr. de V. Kane, a specimen of Larentia
Jlavicinctata taken in Antrim. Mr. Tutt, on behalf of Mr. Dutton, a very fine and
variable series of Abraxas syhata (uhnata) ; a good proportion of the specimens
were smoky or partially smoky, and these seemed somewhat thinly scaled, and as
they were slightly crumpled and difficult to set, Mr. Dutton had suggested that the
aberrations were due to malnutrition. Mr. Tutt also showed three species of
Ascalaphun which he had captured in the Southern Alps, together with two species
of Ant Lion. Mr. Burr, a specimen of Phyllocrania illudens, a Mantis from Mada-
gascar, with the leaves with which it is found ; it is an extraordinary example of
adaptation to surroundings, being very difficult to find, even when attention is called
to it in a small box. Mr. Turner, specimens of the Hawk Fly, Asilus crabroni-
formis, from Seaton, Devon, and a series of the Hemipteron, Enoplops scapha, taken
over a very restricted area in the same locality on the leaves of Coltsfoot. A paper
was read, entitled, " The British Day Butterflies, and the changes in the wings of
Butterflies," communicated by Prof. A. Eadcliffe Grote, A.M., in which he at some
length explained his views as to the evolution of the venation, illustrated his remarks
by, and applied his theory to, the British Butterflies, criticised the work of Mr.
Meyrick, and more fully explained himself to his own critics.

October \Uh, 1897.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Mansbridge exhibited varieties of Abraxas grossulariata bred this season
from Horsforth larvae. The line of variation was similar to that observed in former
years, viz., a gradual suffusion of the fore-wings with the black (lolour. Mr. South,
small specimens of Pieris rapce, taken at Folkestone by Mr. Sabine, having an
additional spot on the hind-wings. He noticed a similar peculiarity in some speci-
mens of P. napi, and said that the same variation occurred in the allied Chinese
Pierids. Two specimens of Callimorpha dominula, v. rossina, from Dover, and a
bred series of Acidalia inornata were also exhibited by Mr. South. Mr. H. Mont-
gomery, on behalf of Mr. E. Montgomery, a series of bred P. napi, including
specimens with traces of an additional spot, and read notes on the variation shown
in the series. He also exhibited a uniformly xanthic specimen of Epinephele
Tithonus, and a specimen of A. grossulariata, having an additional complete band
on the hind-wings. Mr. McArthur, a specimen of Arctia Caja, with perforated
wings, which had been caused by the larva changing on the sandy bottom of the
cage, a piece of grit piercing the wing-case. Mr. Cockerell communicated a note
upon a peculiar case of protective coloration observed by him in Mexico. Mr.
Ficklin, a series of Polia flavicincta from Cornwall, small, but brightly marked.
Mr. Lucas, an immature form of a locust sent him from Kew Gardens. Mr. West,
of Greenwich, series of Acanthosoma tristriatum from juniper bushes at Box Hill,
and Pantilius tunicatus beaten from hazel. Mr R. Adkin, specimens of Nonagria

264 [November, 1897.

arundinis {typhce) bred from Shorehara pupae ; one was of a reddish-black, and
another mahogany on the fore-wings. He made some remarks upon the cleansing
of the bodies of these and similar insects. A considerable discussion ensued on this
subject. — Hy. J. TuBNEE, Ron. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : October Qth, 1897. — The Rev. Canon
FowLEB, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. W. fl. Bennett, of 15, Wellington Place, Hastings ; and Mr. B. Tomlin,
of 59, Liverpool Road, Ch .ster ; were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. Merrifield exhibited specimens of Aporia cratcegi and Argynnis Paphia,
subjected to high and low temperatures during the pupal stage. In both species
the examples which had been cooled were much darkened. Mr. Tutt showed for
comparison the extremes of over 500 examples of A. cratcegi, bred or captured in
Kent between 1860 and 1868, but none were so marked as those which had been
artificially treated. Mr. Tutt showed a remarkable melanic aberration of Nemeophila
plantaginis, in which all trace of the pale ground colour of the hind-wings was lost ;
also a series of Abraxas ulmata, captured during the past summer by Mr. Dutton
in the neighbourhood of York. Previously aberrations of the species had been
rare, but a large number of this series were suffused with blue-grey or smoky-
ochreous. Many of the aberrant forms were cripples. He also showed, for Dr.
Riding and Mr. Bacot, bred specimens of both broods of Tephrosia bistortata from
Clevedon, Somerset, and bred specimens of T. crepuscularia and its ab. delamerensis
from York. Hybrids were exhibited between T. bistortata ( ^ and ? ) and T. cre-
puscularia (? and (?), between the former and the form delamerenns (? and ^),
and between the two latter crosses. The offspring of the first crosses were roughly
divisible into two groups following the parent forms, those of the second tended to
become mongrel in appearance. Hybridization led to the production of continuous
broods, and certain broods tended to produce males only. The coloration became
more intense with increase in the duration of the pupal stage. Dr. Dixey drew
attention to the experiments on hybridization recorded in Dr. Standfuss's " Hand-
buch der Paliiarktischen Gross-Schmetterlingen," and gave a summary of the results.
Mr. Champion showed, for the Rev. J. H. Hocking, an example of the long-bodied
moth, Satacoma agrionata, from New Zealand ; also one of Protopaussiis Walkeri,
Waterh., from China, the subject of a later communication ; and specimens of the
rare British Hemipteron, Emblethis verbasci, F., from the Scilly Isles. Mr. Jaeoby
showed a Halticid beetle, with a singular abnormality, the side-margin of the pro-
thorax being split and embracing a long process. Dr. Chapman exhibited and
described varieties of Spilosoma lubricipeda and Acronycta psi bred by Dr. Riding.
In the latter species the characters of the different races were very stable. Mr. Burr
exhibited a Mantis, Phyllocrania illudens, from Madagascar, with a close resemblance
to the dead leaves among which it lived, some of which were shown with it. A new
British Coccid, Kermes variegatus, from Kent, was exhibited by Mr. Waterliouse.
Mr. Gr. C. Griffiths read a paper on " The Frenulum of the Lepidoptera." Mr.
Kirkaldy communicated a " Preliminary Revision of the Notonectidre, Part I ;"
and Mr. Waterhouse a " Description of a new Coleopterous Insect of the family
Paussida." — W. F. H. Blandfoed and F. Mebeifield, Bon. Sees.

December, ISO". I 2G5

A DAY IN KIEBY'S COUNTRY.

BY CLAUDE MORLEY, P.E.S., &c.

I set down the following account of the best day's collecting I
have done this year, no less because I traversed ground over which
Kirby, Denny, Marsham, and Stephens collected nearly a hundred
years ago, than as an example of the beneficial effects upon insects
of very capricious meteorological influences during the previous
week. On June 10th I trained to Chiydon Station, walking thence
along the banks of the Gipping, through about a mile of Barham parish,
to Great Blakenham, over the river. Striking across country I came
out upon the Little Blakenham chalk pits, and so found my way back
to Bramford Station. I carried only a sweeping net, and consequently
missed many Symenopfera and Diptera.

Taking the insects more or less in order, and the beetles first —
HomaJota vicina and succicola were common at Cossus burrows in an
old willow by the Gipping, and S. pagana and depressa swept from
herbage, together with Philonthus eheninus, Stenus paganus and
nitidiusculus, Hypocyptus longicornis, &c. Antliohium sorbi (not re-
corded from Suffolk since the publication of Stephens' "Illustrations),"
and Byturus tomentosus and samhuci, occurred sparingly on JJmheUi-
ferce, and Meligethes lumhuris (new to Suffolk) and rujipes upon other
flowers, of which there were quantities. By turning over some pieces
of timber, about to be converted into hurdles, in a wood at Great
Blakenham, I took the first Suffolk specimen of Wiizophngiis jjaraUelo-
collis. Atomaria linearis and many other common Clavicornia were
taken by sweeping. The first specimens of Corymhites quercus, var.
ochropterus and Telephorus lateralis recorded from the county were
swept in Barham, by the river, with numbei'sof T. testaceus and JlaviJa-
hris, and MaltTiodes minimus : T. hcemorrhoidalis, Antliocomus fasciatun,
and M'llachius ceneus also occurred sparingly. Priohiiim castaneum was
found singly at Little Blakenham, and Tetrops prceusta (which is very
erratic in its appearance here) was beaten, with Bruclius rujimanus,
from umbels at Great Blakenham. By sweeping the reeds at Barham
Donacia qffinis, Psylliodes picina, Crep>idodera aurafa and smaragdina
(the last new to Suffolk, though I have subsequently taken it at
Southwold and Ipswich) were noticed, and C cliloris was not uncommon
on willow leaves, basking in the sunshine with Psylliodes ajjinis. The
only locality I know for Butopliila ceruta is at Great Blakenham ; here
it occurred not uncommonly on the outskirts of the wood already
referred to. Several black Isoinira murina, which form has been un-

z

2(jg [December,

usually prevalent this year, GSclemera nohilis, many common Anaspis,
and Mordellisfena pumila, frequented Umbellifeya;. Apion cnrduornm.
nigritarse, &c , were also common, with Phi^llohius pomonce, Exomias
hrimnipes, Clonus puIcJielJiis, Baqous tempestifus, B'linoncus jyerpendi-
cularis, Amalus scortiUii^n, MngdaJis pruni, &c. By sweeping long
grass, several Tychius curtus, not noticed in the county since Stephens'
record in the '" Manual," wei^e secured. Of Ccuthorrhynehus hirtulus
I obtained one specimen, probably from TJrivia verna,v;\\\A\ is common
hereabouts. A couple of dead Scolytus mulfhtrintus in an elm I'ailing
at Darnford Hill complete the Coleopfc7-a.

The only species of Hemiptera V had not befoi'e taken in Suffolk
were Gnathoeonus nlhoniaryinatus and a Psallus (probably varinns).
Great numbers'were, however, abroad, e.g., Glohiceps flavonotafus awA
Cnlocoris striatellus in the woods, Dicyphus annulatus, Eupteryx atro-
puncfata {in cop.), &c., on flowers. In the Neuroptera also, an
additional species was taken, viz , Ilydropnyclie angudipennis. GScetis
(lacustris?) . Pa7iO)-pa germanico and Plafycnemis pennipes also occurred.
The Diplera comprised some interesting species. Hcsmatopota
pluvialis ^ and Lepiogaster cylindrica on flowers ; one ^ Chrysopilus
auratus, swept from aquatic plants, and a pair of Dioctria rufipes (in
cop.). There were very few Syrpliidce about, and those of the com-
monest : Chilosia variabilis, Chrysogaster Macquarfi, SJiingia rostrata
$ , Chrysocldamys cuprea, &c. UmbeWiferoe proved very attractive to
Exorista vulgaris, Macquartia clialybeata (both new to Suffolk), P//yfo
melanocephala and nigra, Siphona geniculata, Mydcea impuncta, Antho-
myia radiciim, and Caricea tigrina. In a spider's web I found a dead
Lucilia {ilJustris ?) (new to Suffolk) . Many common things, Anthomyia
pluvialis, &.C., were sitting on gates and palings in the sunshine. Ee-
turning to the marshes,! met with Cordylurapudica somewhat commonly,
with Limnia unguicornis, Dorycera graminum (new to Suffolk), and
several NotipliilcB, &c., and on flowers in the chalk pits were Sarcophaga
hcBmatodes, Trypeia onotroplies, and the curious little Orellia [= Gony-
glossum'] Wiedemanni {wevf to Suffolk). The Hymenoptera were repre-
sented by Crabro chrysosolmus in the chalk pits and C. leucostomus at
Darnford Hall, both sitting by their nests on posts ; Gorytes mystaceus,
SaUctus 4:-nofntus, nitidiusculus, and leucozonius were attracted to
Umbel! iferce, and a fine patch of Bryonia dioica blossom in the corner
of a field yielded Nomada alternata ? , Anthophora pilipes ? , Bombus
aqrorum $ , A7idrena nigrocenea (commonly), one A. clirysosceles ? , and
one A. proxima ? ; this last rarity has not been recorded from the
county since Kirby took, I believe, the first British specimen here, as

1S07.] 267

recorded in his " Monographia Apum " in 1802. One or two nice
Tenthredinidce were found upon the attractive Umhelliferce. Tenthredo
hicincta was very common, and with it occurred T. livida, T. cordata
var. mieroeephala 2 , find T. nigricolUs. Hoplocampa cratcBcji was
beaten from May blossom at Bramford, with one or two other common
species : Cladius padi, Ceplius pygmcBus, &c. Amongst the Iclineumo-
nidoB I recognised Ichneumon sarcitorhcs, Exetastes albitarsus, and
Tryplion rutilaior. One, a ? Hemifeles, was apparently parasitic upon
the Crahro chrysostomus, as I found them haunting the same boring
in the post. I also boxed various small and undetermined Braconidce,
Proctotrypidce, and Clialcididce, which close the result of six hours'
collecting in Suffolk.

Everton House, Ipswich :
October, 1897.

KERMES TARIEOATUS, Gmeiin, ?: A COCCID NEW TO BEITAIN

BY K. NEWSTEAD, F.E.S.,
CURATOR OF THE GROSVENOE MUSEUM, CHESTER.

Mr. Chas. 0. "Waterhouse has been most fortunate in discovering
this remarkable species. In a letter dated September 25th, he says :
" I only found five, on rather thick stems, close to a bud or knot in
each case. They were on oak shrubs in a wood, which I believe is
part of the Blean Woods, Heme, Kent, September 7th." Two of the
specimens, old adults, in most perfect condition, have been kindly
given to me for identification. The largest measures 7 mm. in
diameter, is pale yellowish-brown, with about seven interrupted trans-
verse bands of a bright chestnut colour ; the smallest specimen
5 mm., and has the colour-pattern much less bright. They are hard,
hollow, chitinous spheres, containing only the effete skins of the ova ;
the larvae having escaped, will probably be found hidden beneath the
protecting buds on young shoots of the oak. In comparison with
Austrian examples, ours are much larger, and of a more fulvous
colour. But as I do not possess a long sei'ies from either country, I
am unable to state if such characters are constant. I should feel
very grateful to any collectors who may be searching for galls if they
would look for this species, and forward examples to me, in order that
this, my preliminary description, may be made as complete as possible.

Chester : October 19th, 1897.

Z 2

268 ' December,

LOCAL LISTS OF BRITISFI LEPIDOPTERA.
BY CHAS. G. BAHRKTI, F.E S.
{Con chtded from page 198).

By tbe ]<indiies3 of friends I am enabled somewLat to extend tbis
catalogue of local lists.

In the London district a list of nearly 200 species of Macro-
Lepidoptera of Highgate, Finchley, and Muswell Hill, with localities
and interesting notes, compiled by Master (now Dr.) F. A. Dixey,
was published in 1S74 by C. C. Harris, High Street, Highgate, and
was supplemented two or three years later by further species and
information in the " Cholmoleian," by a schoolfellow. Dr. Dixey has
favoured me with a sight of these; they are very carefully and
accurately drawn up.

For Sussex, a " Natural History of Brighton," by Mrs. Merrifield,
mother of one of the present Secretaries of the Entomological Society
of London, published, in 1860, by \V. Pearce, Brighton, contains — ■
along with chapters on the geology of the district, its Crustacea,
marine and freshwater Mollusca, fishes, birds, insects, and plants, with
local lists — a catalogue of over 1000 species of Lepidoptera, including
TineidcE, drawn up with great care by Messrs. H. Cooke, J. N. Winter,
and others. The description of locality in which each species is found
is indicated, and the list seems to be very complete, so far as our
native species were then worked out.

Dorset. Mr. C. W. Dale requests me to " contradict an error "
earlier in this paper {ante, p. 189) as to the publishing of the first
edition of the "'Lepidoptera of Dorsetshire." He says: "The
nominal publisher, as in the second edition, was Henry Ling, Dor-
chester. Both editions were actually brought out entirely at my own
expense." Mr. Dale's public spirit is to be commended, as he informs
me that their publication resulted in a considerable pecuniary loss ;
one learns from his experience rather to send the local list, when com-
pleted and made interesting by notes upon the species, to a magazine
for publication I He has most kindly furnished me with a copy of
the first edition, which I find to contain a catalogue of 1300 species
of JLepidoptera, with localities and some notes ; and lists of the rarer
species in other Orders found in the county, compiled by himself.
He also published in 1H7S, at his own expense, a " History of Glan-
villes Wootton," Dorset, in which a catalogue is furnished of 910
species of Lepidoptera, all of course included in his later county list.

In the same county a " List of Portland Lepidoptera" by Mr. N.

1897.] 269

M. Eicbardson, B.A.,to whom I am indebted for a copy, was published
in last year's " Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Anti-
quarian Field Club." Nearly 600 species are enumerated, and much
accurate and valuable information is furnished with reference to the
scarcer or more interesting forms. It is further embellished with a
plate of three of the more local species of Tineidce drawn by Mrs.
Kichardson with an accuracy and finish not often seen.

With regard to Wiltshire, my previous remarks must be modified,
at least so far as the eastern district thereof is concerned ; Mr. W.
F. H. Blandford, one of the Secretaries of the Entomological Society
of London, has obliged me with a list, drawn up by himself when a
lad at school, of 960 species of Lepidoptera taken in the Marlborougli
district — which includes Savernake Forest— published in the "Pro-
ceedings of the Natural History Society of Marlborough College,"
in 1881 : a very carefully drawn up and creditable paper for so young
an aspirant. In it he refers to a previous list by Mr. Edward Meyrick
in the Eeport of the same Society for 1877; and Dr. N. Manders,
Surgeon-Major, has now written from Colombo, Ceylon, as follows: —

" A very complete list of the Lepidoptera of the Marlborough district will be
found in the Reports of the Marlbro' College Natural History Society. This Society
was founded some thirty years ago, and a record of the insects captured has been
kept year by year. The first complete list was made by Mr. Meyrick in 1873, the
year he left the school. The second complete list, with large additions made chiefly
by Mr. Meyrick, was compiled by myself in 1877. Since then two lists have been
published— in 1882 and 1892— the latter by Mr. Meyrick. This list is of great
value, and comprises 1010 species captured within ten miles of Marlborough. Since
that year other species have been added, bringing the number up to close on 1100.
The reports are now of real scientific interest, and are of value, as showing in many
instances the decline and disappearance of an insect, and its re-appearance after a
long interval without apparent cause. I may instance MelUcea Artemis and Thecla
w-album among others."

Mr. Meyrick has most kindly sent me a copy of this list for
1892, and I quite concur with Dr. Manders as to its completeness and
value ; moreover, he has furnished the names of between thirty and
forty species which have been added in subsequent years. He tells
me that so far as the remainder of Wiltshire is concerned, two species
only are known by him to exist which have not been noticed in the
Marlborough district.

For Gloucester and Somerset, a paper communicated to the
" Bristol Naturalists' Society," by Mr. George Harding (to whom I am
indebted for a copy), and published in their Proceedings for 1895-6,
contains a few additions to Mr. lludd's list, and also the extension of

270 [Ducember,

many species there noticed only in one county to the other, with
further information of value.

For the county of Grloucester alone a list of nearly GOO species
of Macro- Lepidoptera has been drawn up by Mr. C. J. Watkins, of
Painswick, who has obliged me with a copy. It is published in Messrs.
Witchell and Strugnell's " Fauna and Flora of Gloucestershire ;" is
drawn up with care and accuracy, and contains a good deal of in-
teresting information.

In Oxfordshire, Mr. Malcolm Burr has furnished rne with a list of
176 Macro-Lepidoptera found in the neighbourhood of Radley, in a
neat little pamphlet, "The Fauna and Flora of Radley and the neigh-
bourhood," by the Radley College Natural History Society. It
includes, in addition, lists of other insects of several Orders, with
other information, and is a creditable production.

In Northumberland I ought to have mentioned that Mr. Selby's
"Fauna of Twizell " includes a large number of species for that
county, probably more than for Berwickshire ; part of which were
incorporated in Mr. Wailes's list, and the rest will doubtless appear
in that of Mr. Robson.

In Scotland, Professor J. W. H. Trail has very kindly sent me
the " Transactions of the Natural History Society of Aberdeen," for
1878, wherein I find a catalogue of the " Lepidoptera of Dee "
(Aberdeenshire and Kincai'dineshire), drawn up by himself, extending
to 460 species, and including some of the Tortrices. It contains a
great deal of interesting and valuable information on other Orders.
He further draws my attention to a list of the Lepidoptera of the
same district, by Mr. Wm. Reid, published in the " British Naturalist,"
1891 — 3, which contains a few additional species and further informa-
tion, but which I had overlooked.

Upon seeing my previous remarks i*especting the earlier Irish
lists, the Rev. W. W. Flemyng, with his usual kindness, sent from
Portlaw, Waterford, for inspection, his copy of the " Natural History
Review," vol. i, 1854, which contains the Rev. Joseph Greene's list of
the Lepidoptera of Ireland. This consists of 415 species, with some
notes, and also indications of the sources from which a portion of it
was obtained. The errors which it evidently contains seem mainly to
be attributable to a previous list made out, with an excess of credulity,
by Mr. A. H. Haliday, whose attention was really directed far more
strongly to other groups.

It thus appears that we have general county lists for Dorset,
Devon, Cornwall, Gloucestershire, the Cambridge Feu district, Suffolk,

18!i-.] 27]

Norfolk, Herefordshire, Leicestershire, Lancashire, Cheshire, and
Yorkshire ; with considerable lists for portions of Kent, Surrey,
Sussex, Berks, Middlesex, Wilts, Somerset, Oxfordshire, Hertfordshire,
Huntingdon, Northamptonshire, Essex, Lincolnshire, Warwickshire,
Worcestershire, Staffordshire, Derbyshire, Cumberland, Northumber-
land, and Durham ; but very many of these are confined to the
Macro- Lepidopt era, and some of them are for very restricted districts.

In all Wales I cannot find a single collected county list !

Scotland has been worked out in districts more than in counties:
the most complete lists are for Eosburghshire, the Edinburgh district
with Midlothian generally, the Clyde Valley, Perthshire, the Dee
district, and some few of the Isles in each group. In Ireland a good
deal of work has been done, uiore especially in the coast counties, but
the lists separately published are mainly for very restricted areas
rather than for counties, and here, as in Wales and Scotland, large
fields of work are still open.

A friendly critic may, and sometimes does, say that a list of
species occurring in a certain restricted area, having purely arbitrary
limits, is not of especial scientific value ; and he may point to the
large extent of Yorkshire or Devonshire, and enquire whether a
catalogue of the insects of Eutland will be of equal value, or why,
for comparison with other counties, we do not call for a separate list
for each Riding of Yorkshire ? and queries such as these are always
more or less effective, especially in the direction of hindering work ;
but apart from the special personal interest felt by the natives of each
county in its productions, it is not possible fully to w^ork out the
geographical range of every species, except from information affecting
well known and recognisable areas.

I am tempted, however, in this connection to draw attention to
work of a nature which has not as yet been in any complete degree
carried out. Take, for instance, the county w^ithin which I am at
this moment writing, Surrey. The soil under my feet is London clay —
and a very tenacious clay it is here at any rate. This London clay
occupies the northern portion of the county nearly to Croydon,
Leatherhead, Kingston, Hipley, and Farnham ; it is not all heavy, and
there is a good deal of sand included with it. Beyond is a strip of
chalk— Purley, Croydon, Caterham, Dorking, to Guildford ; beyond
this a strip of greensand (upper and lower) and gault — Reigate,
Godalming, Haslemere, and thence southward ; while the rest of the
south of the county is wealden and allied strata. All these formations
produce numerous species of Lepidoptera, the majority of course

272 [December,

extending over the whole, but the more scarce, local, and interesting
species being usually limited to one of these geological series. Every
entomologist of any experience knows, for instance, bow many species
are found upon the chalk, in plenty, which are either unknown upon
other formations or only seen as casual visitors. Kent is divided into
the same formations, in much the same order but in different propor-
tions, and with, in addition, chalk and greensand again in the extreme
south. In Sussex the order as in Surrey is reversed ; in Hants and
Dorset the wealden is omitted, while in the latter the oolite appears,
and provides a rich entomological locality in the Isle of Portland. Now
we have a list for the Isle of Portland, all the species in it therefore
occur upon oolite. But oolite (with the allied sand and clay strata)
runs in some form through portions of Dorset, Somerset, Gloucester-
shire, Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire, into Lincolnshire; and in
the series most closely allied to that of Portland further into Dorset,
as well as into Wilts and Bucks.

Of how great interest would be a catalogue, with localities, of
the Lepidoptera of this whole oolite district, and particularly of that
of the Portland series !

Again, there is chalk, as already alluded to, in Kent at Margate
aud Ramsgate, from Deal and Dover through that county, and Surrey,
narrowly to Farnham, where it spreads out broadly into North Hants,
northward into Berkshire, westward into Wilts, but also turns south-
ward and back to the south-east by Bishop's Waltham, Midhurst,
Arundel, to Brighton, Newhaven, and Beachy Head. From Wilts
westward it occupies a large portion of Dorset ; and on the north by
a narrow passage between the London clay and the greensand, extends
round into North Berks, Oxfordshire, Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire,
and through the western portions of Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, to
near the sea at Holkham and Blakeney. Across the Wash it appears
again at Burgh, passes in a rather narrow strip northward through
Lincolnshire to the Humber, re-appears beyond Hull, and occupies a
large portion of the east of Yorkshire to Filey and Flamborough Head.
Now taking Polyommatus Corydon, P. Alsus, and P. Adonis, Hes-
peria comma, Agrotis cinerea, Acidalia ornata, Melanippe rivata and
M. procellata, Phihalapteryx tersata and P. vitalbata, Euholia hipimc-
taria, Phoxopteryx comptana, Argyrolepia subbainnanniana, Pancalia
LeuwenhoeckeUa, Parasia carlinella, and many other well known chalk
species which do not occur to me afc this moment, what an interest
there will be in tracing the course aud limits of each species ; how
faithfully it accompanies the chalk, whether it extends to the bordering

rm ] 273

greensand, and how inany of the species plentiful upon it in the
southern counties attain its most northern limit in Yorkshire. Then
a further series of enquiries suggests itself as to how far these species
follow the chemically allied, though far removed, and much hardened,
carboniferous, and other limestones which lie in strips and spots in
Devon, all along the "southern portions of South Wales, and even
in the extreme north of the Principality ; also in larger extents
in Derbyshire, Lancashire, East Yorkshire, Westmoreland, Cumber-
land, and Northumberland. That some of them do extend their range
on to portions of this formation is certain, since I have found
Polt/ommatus AJsus and Melanippe rivata not scarce in South Pem-
brokeshire, where also Euholia bipunctaria was very common, and the
beautiful little Eanychia cingpXalis inhabited sheltered slopes of the
limestone cliifs.

Devon is a county of contrasts. Its large middle area is millstone
grit, this is edged on the north and south by a broad strip each of
carboniferous limestone ; north of this is red conglomerate of lime-
stone and sandstone (Exmoor district) ; south of the southern strip
of limestone the great granite mass of Dartmoor ; eastward, green-
sand, new red sandstone, and retl marl; to the south, slate-limestone
and sandstone, with spots along the coast of blue lias and other
limestones, with mica and other slates. How interesting would be a
knowledge of the species peculiar to each of these formations ! To
which of them is it that we owe the sudden extension and increase of
Caradrina amhigua ?

But it is in Yorkshire that the most herculean task is to be
found: — to allot the 1340 species to their proper soils ! A county of
complicated and extraordinary geology, the formations placed mainly
in parallel strips running in some degree north and south. Com-
mencing on the eastern side, the southern half is broadly composed of
land recovered from the sea, formerly salt-marsh, now pastures ; to the
west of this is the great baud of chalk already alluded to, with its
usual narrow border of greensand ; north of it alternate bauds of
oolite, coral-rag, and lias, or closely allied formations, the latter also
baunding the greensand and other bands already alluded to ; west of
this are succeeding broad bands of new red sandstone with its allied
formations, magnesian limestone, millstone grit, and coa,l measures.
There is magnificent work for my friend Mr. Porritt, if he will take
it up !

These are mere suggestions, roughly thrown out ; it would be easy
to extend them. Other formations, besides the chalk and the oolite, lie

274 [December,

in roughly parallel bands running through many counties ; a com-
plete Lepidoptera-iaaua of each would be intensely interesting ! Other
counties, very many of them, are divided into blocks, patches, and
strips of various formations ; to separate their insect inhabitants
accordingly would be good local work, and would lead on toward the
more complete insect-history of each geological formation. There is
here work in plenty in two directions for those whose scientific zeal
and capacity mounts a little above the mere accumulation of an
immense collection by means of purchase and exchange.

Before concluding I ought to remark that I make no claim to a
knowledge of geology, and may have made mistakes. This is an en-
tomological paper, purely, and has been drawn up with the help of
Sir Roderick Murchison's and other geological maps. Therefore, if I
have not in all cases given the accurate name of a local form of some
large formation, allowances may safely be made, and. the errors
corrected.

39, Linden Grove, Nunhcad, S.E. :
October 15th, 1897-

HOMALOTA (DILACRA) PRUINOSA, Kkaatz, AN ADDITION TO THE

BEITISH LIST.

BT G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Some time ago Mr. E. G. Elliman, of Cheshani, Bucks, sent me
some specimens of a very distinct looking Homalota to name, and as I
failed to identify the insect at the time, and the species was unknown
to Dr. Sharp, I sent an example to M. Fauvel for his opinion. He
informs me that it is S. (Dilacra) pruinosa, Kraatz {= Fleischeri,
Epp.), and the species must therefore be added to our list. Mr.
Elliman's specimens were captured at Chesham during May and the
beginning o£ June, running swiftly among grass, &c., in the bright
sunshine, on a chalky cart track. M. Fauvel states that the species
is known to him from Moravia, Vienna, Nice, Marocco, Algeria, Tunis,
and Syria. Kraatz's type was from the Italian coast, and that of
Eppelsheim from Austria. I possess an example of it from Point
Scropha, Greece (/. J. Walker^. H. pruinosa is nearest allied to H.
fallax, Kraatz, and H. luteijyes, Er., these three species being the only
European representatives of Thomson's section or genus Dilacra. The
present insect may be readily identified b}^ its narrow, parallel shape,
dull surface, dense, exceedingly fine punctuation, and fine, close pu-
bescence. It is smaller, narrower, and more parallel than II. fallax

1897.] 275

or H. luteipes, and has joints 5 to 10 of the antennas more or less
transverse. The male, according to Eppelsheim [Wien. ent. Zeit.,
xi, p. 294 (1892)], has the seventh ventral segment slightly produced,
with the apex rounded.

Horsell, Woking :

November 5t/i, 1897.

NEUROPTERA OBSERVED IN 1897, CHIEFLY IN THE NEW FOREST
AND IN THE FENS.

BY KENNETH J. MOETON, F.E S.

In July of the present year I had a long-looked-for opportunity
of paying a visit to the New Forest, and the following notes are in
greater part based on the results of collecting there. Possibly they
do not add very much to our knowledge, and to those fortunate
Neuropterists whose circumstances allow them to collect south of the
Thames, they may have but a pallid interest ; at the same time a few
species are referred to which do not seem to fall in every one's way.

It would be superfluous to attempt an}^ general description of
collecting in the New Forest ; plenty of records no doubt exist of
first and other impressions. But I may say that I found it delightful
and fully up to expectations. For a few days I had the pleasure of
my friend Mr. McLachlan's companioushio and suidance, and I cannot
refrain from saying that I received much courtesy and help from others
upon whom I had no claim.

On the way north 1 stayed in Cambridgeshire for a week or so,
and thence made excursions into the neighbouring counties of Hun-
tingdon and Northampton. The principal results there were in
Lepidoptera, and 1 had the opportunity of seeing the flight of Apatura
Iris for the first time. The capture of four of the British species of
Thecla in and around the same wood within one week seems note-
worthy ; the species were Thecla hetulcB, quercus, iv-album and pruni.
The last was of course much worn, and the first just appearing.

To a Neuropterist who has collected in some of the well-watered
parts of Scotland or Ireland, the comparative scarcity of caddis-flies
in the New Forest does not excite wonder ; on the other hand, the
number of species of dragon -flies is surprising. But perhaps with
so many conspicuous day-flying insects to distract attention, my col-
lecting of the more retiring species may have been less thorough than
it ought to have been.

276 [December,

In any case, the dragon-flies stand in the front rank of my
captures. The number of species taken in the various localities during
the period of about three weeks, namely twenty-five, represents a very
respectable proportion of the British list, and they are as follows : —

Sympetrum striolatum, Clip. — this was seen everywliere, and was especially
common in Monkswood. S. sanguineum, Miiller, was found both in Cambridgeshire
and in Monkswood, but was not common ; perhaps too early. .S. scoticum, Don. —
New Forest and elsewhere.

Lihellula quadrimaculata, L. — common in New Forest, it was as usual in num-
bers at Thorney in Cambridgeshire. L.fulva, MuUer — near Ringwood I had the
good fortune to secure a ,? of this species, fully adult, and having the abdomen in a
beautiful blue condition, wliich Air. McLachlan informs me he had rarely hitherto
seen in the British examples that have come under his notice.

Platetrum depressum, L. — stray specimens in beautifully adult coloration in the
New Forest and Monkswood.

Orthetrum ccBrulescens,¥. — the most conspicuous dragon-fly in the New Forest.

Cordulia anea, L. — frequent at a pond near Ringwood, but getting frayed in
the wings.

Cordulegaster annulatus, Latr. — common in New Forest, but not seen with
certainty elsewhere.

Anax formosus, V. de Lind. — This fine insect, wliich I had never seen alive
before, was evidently nearly over. Only one was seen in the New Forest, and
another was taken near Heme, a veteran <? in perfect colours, but with frayed wings.

JEschna cyanea, Miiller, and grandis, L. — neither species was taken, although I
think both were seen in the south, but in Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, and
Northamptonshire, both were taken, and the latter was very common.

Brachytron pratense, Miiller — a very fine ? taken in Monkswood, must surely
have been a late straggler.

Calopteryx virgo, L. — common along all the New Forest streams.

Lestes nympha, Selys — the day after my arrival in Cambridgeshire was dull and
damp, and I feared would prove useless for collecting dragon-flies. However, I
made at once for the locality whence I had previously obtained a single $ of L.
nympha, and was particularly gratified to find, by sweeping the herbage in one
ditch, that L. nympha was not only there but was in numbers, which were not
subsequently exceeded when the sun was shining and the insects in flight. L.
sponsa was also present with L. nympha, but for the first day or two they were
evidently in much less mature condition than the latter species. The later appear-
ance of L. sponsa is referred to by Dr. Ris in a recently published paper (Mitth.
Bchw. ent. Gesell., 9, p. 433), and he also mentions that in Switzerland L. tiympha
is apparently intensely local. L. sponsa was of course very common nearly every-
where.

Platycnemis pennipes, Pallas — seen only near Brockenhurst, where it was
common.

Ischnura elegans,Y. de Lind., and Enallagma cyathigerum, Chp.— common.
Agrion pulchellum, V. de Lind. — common at Thorney. A. piiella, L.— common.

1897.] 277

A. mercuriaJe, Cliarp. — in company with Mr. McLaclilan I took the species in some
numbers in the locality pointed out by him, where he had found it the previous
year, and a few days later it was observed rather more commonly near Emery Down.
Mr. McLachlan's suggestion that it is probably not uncommon in the New Forest
(Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xx, 1st series, p. 255) will no doubt prove correct. Pyrrho-
soma minium, Harris — common. P. tenellum, Villers — common at some of the New
Forest bogs ; the form of the $ with black abdomen is not infrequent. Erythromma
najas, Harris — a good many examples seen at an old brick hole near the Thorney
river, flying over water lily leaves.

With regard to the several interesting dragon-flies which are
apparently exclusively confined to the south-western counties, and
which used to be taken by the old collectors, Ischnura pumilio, V. de
Lind., is the one which has longest eluded the investigations of more
recent workers, and seems still to await re-discovery. It is evidently
much more fastidious about the conditions of the water it inhabits
than I. elegans, which lives almost anywhere, and it is said by Dr. Eis
to be found in Switzerland only at ponds and waters with a clay bottom,
and to avoid peaty waters. Those searching for I. pumilio should also
bear in mind that the flight of some dragon-flies is of very short du-
ration. According to Ris, I. 2JU')}nlio in Switzerland flies for a short
time at the beginning of June, and soon vanishes to re-appear again
in August.

Amongst the Triclioptera the most interesting species found in the New Forest
was Phryganea minor, Curtis, which occurred abundantly about a dried-up pond in
one of the enclosures by sweeping the herbage in the evening, and by disturbing
them from the chinks of the bark of the surrounding trees during the day. Only
one example was found away from this main locality ; nearly all taken were females.
P. varia. Fab., was also taken, and one of the larger species seen but not identified.
Limnophilus luridus, Curt., is a very characteristic insect of the Forest. The other
members of the genus Limnophilus taken were L. grixeus, L. auricula, L. rhombicus,
L. centralis, L vittatus, and L. sparsus. GlyphotceHus pellucidus, Oliv., was not
uncommon. Isolated examples of Sericostoma perxonatum, Spence, occurred here
and there, one J being very curious in having hoary patches on the fore-wings ; no
difference from the normal form seems to exist in the genitalia as far as I have been
able to examine these. Goera inlosa, F'., was represented by a few rather small
examples. Leptocerus bUineatus, L., was the only noteworthy species of its family
found in the Forest. Holocentropus dubius, Ramb., occurred at a pond near Ring-
wood. These are the more important caddis-flies noticed. The Hampshire Avon
must be a fine stream for Trichoptera, but when it was visited the early summer
species appeared to have already passed off.

In the other Neuropterous groups there is little to record. Only a single
Rapliidia {R. notata. Fab.) was seen. Hemerobiiis concinnus, Steph., was disturbed
occasionally from fir trees when these were being knocked for Phryganea minor.
Ckrysopidee abounded, but they appear to belong to the ordinary species. Panorpa

278 [Deccinher,

communis and P. germanica both occurred, the former being the more common.
Of PerlidcB, Nemoura variegala, Oliv., was the only common species, and the only
other that was noticed at all was Isopteryx tripunctata. Scop.

Perhaps, on the whole, the time chosen for iny excursion was
ratlier late. The results, however, cannot be regarded as unsatisfactory.

13, Blackford Koad, Edinburgh :
October, 1897.

PLhizophagus punctulatus, Guillebeau : synonymical note. — In the Bulletin de
la Societ6 Entomologique de France, 1897, p- 226, in a posthumous paper by F.
Guillebeau, a new Rhizophagtis is described under the name of R. punctulatus, upon
three specimens from Nantua, Eastern France. This insect, from the description,
is evidently conspecific with R. oblong icollis, Blatch and Horner [Ent. Mo. Mag.,
xxviii, p. 303 (1892)], from Sherwood Forest and Bagots Park. R. punctulatus is
stated by Guillebeau to differ from R.ferrugineus and R. parallelocoUis by the fine
punctuation of the thorax and the shortness of the second joint of the antennje, and
from R. nitidulus by its ferruginous colour and the absence of the fovea upon the
last ventral segment. I possess an example of R. oblongicollis, obtained from the
Eev. T. Blackburn's British collection, without locality attached. — G. C. Champion,
HorsoU, Woking : November 8th, 1897.

Bagous nodulostis, OylL, at Pevensey. — On May 3rd, when collecting near
Pevensey with Mr. Donisthorpe, we were fortunate enough to meet with two or
three specimens of Bagous nodulosus. It was apparently difficult to get, as several
subsequent visits only produced a few examples, but a little later in the year I was
fortunate enough to obtain a nice series. They are extremely sluggish, and, not-
withstanding their large size, are more difficult to detect than any of the other
species of the genus, as far as my experience goes ; I found the best way to get them
was with the water net. After dragging the aquatic vegetation very violently and
repeatedly I took the whole of the mass in the net home, and found that repeated
examinations were necessary before all the specimens were detected. To give some
idea of how long they will remain without moving, I might mention that one speci-
men, when placed on a sheet of white paper, was fully ten minutes before it gave a
sign of life. Other species that occurred in the same ditch were — -6 a</o«5 alismatis
and B. glabrirostris (common), Thryogenes svirrhosus (in numbers), Hypera Pollux,
Cnemidotus impressus, Agabus Sturmi, Copelatus agilis, Hydroporus angustaius,
Hydrobius oblongus, and Hydrophilus piceus. — W. E. Bknnett, 15, Wellington
Place, Hastings : October 25th, 1897.

A note on three British Histeridce. — There are three genera in the Histeridce,
i-ecognised by those who more particularly study the Family, which are not yet
generally acknowledged by entomologists in England. Saprinus maritimus, Steph.,
is a typical Pachylopus (Erichson, 1834), a genus belonging to both the Old and
New Worlds, but unlike Saprinus in being restricted in its number of species.
About ten or twelve only are known, against about 400 of ISaprinus. Kissister

1897.] 279

(Marseul, 1862) is also a natural genus, the lypo being Cardnops minima, Aube, of
the Munich Catalogue ; I have met with only two species. The third genus is
^a/acr?7«s (Schmidt, 1893), for ^lcrj7w* /Jttwr^M/M, Aube, and its allies. The name
of Marseul's genus is incorrectly given as Kisaiter by Gemminger and Harold, and
also by Scudder.— G. Lewis, Southampton : October 20th, 18 j7.

Hyohates glabriventris and Odontcevs mobilicornis in Bucks. — On the afternoon
of June Gtii last [ met with two specimens of the former species wiiilst sweeping in
a somewhat moist and sheltered wood, situated between the Chiltern Hills and some
miles distant from this town. That this myrmecophilous species should be taken in
this manner is most likely accounted for by the fact, that the atmosphere at the
time was remarkably still and warm. On the morning of the same day I had noticed
one or two common species of Amara taking flight from the roadway in bright
sunshine, and rising some eight or nine feet into the air, not I believe a common
occurrence, and one which gives some idea of the state of the atmosphere.

Odontceus mobilicornis. — During June of this year Dr. Churchill, of this town,
sent me a nice $ specimen of this rare beetle, which he captured in a room of his
house after dark, it havhig probably been attracted by light. — E. Geo. Elliman,
Chesham, Bucks : October 19th, 1897.

Dytiscus lapponicus in the Island of 3Iull. — Having occasion to visit the Island
of Mull during July, I wended my way to the locality of Dytiscus lapponicus, and
was fortunate enough to secure a nice series for myself, leaving me with a few dupli-
cates for my friends. I noticed that the species was not to be captured except
during sunshine, and that the female was much the more scarce. — J. J. F. X. KiNQ,
207, Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow: November, 1897.

Acallia aspersana in Unst. — At page 234 of the present volume Mr. Meyrick
mentions having taken Acallia aspersana at Gairloch, Ross-shire. He says he thinks
it had not been previously recorded north of the Caledonian Canal. At page 8, vol.
vii (1896), I record the species as common on all the moors in the Island of TJnst.
—Id.

Lepidoptera in south-east Dorset. — Since my former note was written (ante
p. 255) I have learnt from my brother that he saw a specimen of Colias Edusa at
Corfe Castle on October 16th. I might add that Fararge Egeria was decidedly
commoner than usual during September in south-east Dorset, and that Argynnis
Aglaia and Selidosema ericetaria (= pluniaria, Hb.) were, in their seasons, much
more plentiful in their haunts on the Purbeck Hills than I have ever seen them
before. — E. R. Bankes, Charlton House, Radstock : October 26th, 1897.

Colias Edusa at Seaton. — What a mild autumn we have had ! A Colias Edusa
haunted our neighbouring cliffs, and was seen there as late as October 29th. — A. E.
Eaton, Woodlands, Seaton : November 10th, 1897.

Coleophora potentillce, Stn., in Kent. — As there does not appear to be any
account published of Coleophora potentilla occurring in Kent, it may be of interest

280 [December,

to state that I found the larrte of this moth last montli at Chislehurst. They were
in considerable numbers on a species of Riibus and PotentUla tormentilla, but re-
stricted to an estremelj limited area. — B. A. Bower, Lee, Kent : Nov. 6tk, 1897.

Pluxia monefa, Fab., at Lee, Kent. — On June 30th last I caught in the garden
here a specimen of the above hovering over the blossoms of foxglove. The evening
was an ideal one for PlusidcB at flowers, as quantities of Flusia gamma, several
chrysitis, and two H. triplasia were also attracted by them. It is doubtful if moiieta
is well established here, as a bed of its food-plants grown for the purpose of inducing
the females to visit and deposit ova, has so far been unproductive. — Id.

Holocentropus stagnalis. Alb., near Ipswich. — Amongst some Trichoptera cap-
tured by Mr. Claude Morley I find several specimens of H. stagnalis from the marshes
at Bramford near Ipswich, April 23rd, 1897, where it was very common amongst
reeds in one particular pond. It was first noticed as British by Mr. J. E. Fletcher,
near Worcester, early in May, 1886 {cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxiv, p. 43), and Mr. King
has recorded it from near Westport in Ireland {ibid., xxv, p. 235). I feel pretty
certain that examples from East Anglia came under my notice years ago, before it
had been differentiated, and were probably passed over as aberrant individuals of
H. picicornis, St. — E. McLachlan, Lewisham, London : November 18tk, 1897.

Anisolabis annulipes, Lucas, at Qv.cenhorovgh. — In ray notes on Apterygida
aracMdis {ante, p. 133) I recorded the occurrence in the Queenborough Chemical
Works of a very immature Forficulid, which Mr. Malcolm Burr considered might
be Anisolabis annulipes, Lucas. A search for the creature by Mr. W. W. Esam
and myself, early in September, resulted in the capture of two or three mature
specimens, which placed its identity beyond doubt ; and on October 2l8t I found
several more all fully grown. They were obtained in one place in the yard of the
works, among bones and rubbish under some old sacks and barrels. As the Aniso-
labis is decidedly less active than its companion Apterygida, besides being of a
harder texture, it is much more easy to secure without damage. — J. J. Waikee,
Sheerness : November 8ih, 1897.

Crabro aphidum, Lep., in Ireland. — On the 29th of last June I look a ? of this
rare Crabro in my garden here. It has been kindly identified for me by Mr. Edward
Saunders. — Percy E. Freke, Step House, Borris, Co. Carlow : October 2bth, 1897.

Nomada guttidata, Schenck, at Ipsicich.~^I am delighted to be able to record
the occurrence of a bona fide British specimen of this species, of which Mr. Saunders,
to whom I am indebted for its determination, possesses a single ? without locality,
as recorded by him in his Hymenoptera, p. 293. My example is also a ? , and was
taken from a flower of one of the yellow Composites in the woods to the south-west
of Ipswich on May I7th, 1897. — Claude Morley, Everton House, Ipswich:
October 22nd, 1897-

Notes on rare Diptera in the New Forest in 1897. — In Vol. xxx, p. 255, of
this Magazine I recorded the capture of the first British specimen of Mallota eris-
taloides, Lw., taken in Park Ground Enclosure on July liOth, 1894, and although

1897.] 281

always on the look out during the following seasons, I never met with it again until
this summer whilst collecting with Col. Yerbury on June 23rd in Ehinefield, or
(according to the Ordnance Map) Yinney Eidge Enclosure. It was a glorious
bright hot day, and I was fortunate enough to secure three and the Colonel one
specimen, in addition to otlier good Diptera. We tlierefore decided to work the
same ground on the following day, and were rewarded with four and three Mallota
respectively. After this we eacli took one in Park Ground Enclosure, making a total
of thirteen, and then the species appeared to be over. On the 2'M\ I also took one
Physocephala nigra, De G-., and on the 25th, in my garden at Fern Cottage, one ?
Nephrocerus flavicornis, Lw., which makes the third British specimen taken by
myself, and completes a good record for three successive days. On June 8th I took
in the garden a pretty fly, identified by Mr. Austen as Neottiophilum preeitstum, Mg.,
and in writing about the same he stated, " Tliere is in the general collection a single
male of the true N. prcBUstum, but unfortunately without any locality, and I think
that there is little doubt you have again secured a good insect," &c.

On July 3rd, which is about a month before the usual time, I netted a female
Melanostoma hyalinatum. Fin., but as I left Lyndhurst soon afterwards cannot say
whether it was fairly abundant as in 1895. Keturning in August I took a single
male on the 16th, and then saw no more, so conclude the species was, like several
others this autumn, over before the usual time.

Having so far reported successes, I now give an instance of failure, as I think
the early appearance of Callicera cenea, F., in 1897 will be of interest to Dipterists,
and warn them to be on the look out for this beautiful insect during June in similar
hot and early seasons. The weather at Lyndhurst throughout the month was ex-
ceptionally fine, the sun heat being almost tropical, and on the 11th I visited the
beautiful drive at Yinney Ridge, planted on both sides with rhododendrum bushes,
which were in full bloom at the time, but C. anea was certainly not amongst the
Diptera I expected to find. Nevertheless, during the day I saw three specimens
flying about the blossom, but through bad luck and bungling failed to secure any of
them, altliougli I had one safely in the net, and then lost it through not quite closing
the pill box, for which mishap I partially blame the swarms of Simulidce, which
were a great nuisance and nearly blinded me. I told Col. Yerbury about this, and
a few days afterwards he secured one in almost the identical spot where I saw the
last of the three, and on June 22nd he took further specimens in quite another part
of the Forest. I also heard of one taken by a lady in a garden at Lyndhurst. —
Feed. C. Adams, St. Ermin's Mansions, S.W., and Fern Cottage, Lyndhurst : iS'o-
vember, 1897.

©bituarj).

Joseph William Dunning, M.A., F.L.S., <^c., who died on October loth last,
was the only son of Mr. Joseph Dunning, an old and respected solicitor of Leeds,
and was born there on November 5th, 1833. In due time he was sent to the educa-
tional establishment of Mr. Peter Inchbald near Huddersfield, and remained there
some years : Mr. Inchbald was an enthusiastic natui'alist, and his establishment
proved a nursery for incipient entomologists {cf., Ent. Mo. Mag , 1896, p. 164). He
afterwards went to read with an English clergyman at Paris. He entered at Trinity
College, Cambridge, graduated in 1856, and took his M.A. degree in 1859 ; he also

282 [December,

obtained a Fellowship, and was for some time Tutor of his College. He was called
to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1861, and soon made for himself a high reputation as
a convejancer and a careful and safe Counsel in Court. He also did literary work
in connection with his profession, and edited (or re-wrote) a new edition of " Jarman
on Wills," a standard authority on the subject. In October, 1890, Mr. Dunning
had a paralytic or apoplectic seizure, permanent recovery from which seemed, and
proved, hopeless, and in July, 1891, he retired from practice. Not long after his
temporary recovery he visited the Pyrenees, taking with him his only son, who had
just been called to the Bar: to his fatlier's great grief the youiig man died after
a brief illness. The end came from another attack of the same nature as the first,
and a widow now mourns the loss of husband and child.

When a schoolboy Dunning was in the habit of spending his summer vacations
at Bi'andon. He was there so fortunate as to re-discover Agrophila sidphuralis, and
"awoke and found himself famous" {cf. Staintoii's Manual, vol. i, p. 295). Soon
after this, in 1849, when only sixteen years old, he joined the Entomological ^'ociely
of London. When at Cambridge, in 1857, he was influential in establishing an
Entomological Society there ; a similar Society had been established at Oxford in
the previous year ; and the two combined and produced an "Accentuated List of
British Lepidoptera" in 1858, the object of which is indicated by the title, and in
the compilation of which Dunning did the lion's share. In after life he did but
little in the way of writing what he would have termed " scientific " papers, much
of what he did write being more of a philological nature, for he was a profound
classical scholar, and his ear resented any offence in this direction ; he was also a
linguist, and had a remarkable faculty for being able to translate almost any European
language (the Sclavonic perhaps excepted) almost at sight, although he had pre-
viously made no attempt in that particular direction. Possibly his chief scientific
])aper was that " On the genus Acentropus" (Trans. Ent. Soc, 1872, with Supple-
ment in 1878). That most critical paper showed what he could have done had
time allowed, and inclination prompted. It also showed how greatly his legal
education and acquirements influenced him in other matters. An example of his
reasoning may be seen by an extract from that paper chosen as the " motto " on the
title-page of our present volume.

In 1862 he was elected one of the Honorary Secretaries of the Entomological
Society of London, a post which he held until his retirement in January, 1871- He
entered upon ofiicc at a time when the Society was in anything but a flourishing
condition, crippled for want of funds, and disturbed by recent internal dissensions,
lie set lo work vigorously, and henceforward the welfare of the Society seemed the
one thing he had at heart. Its publications were fearlessly and impartially edited,
regardless of the not infrequent indignation of careless authors. Whenever, as was
very frequently the case, the financial condition at the end of a year seemed almost
hopeless, he forthwith supplied the necessary funds, and when there was no apparent
excuse for a direct donation, it was furnished indirectly in the way of adding some
expensive work to the library, and by means still more occult, for some of his
material help was rendered in a way that was known only to one or two of his
colleasiues. As his help was rendered impartially, the publications did not suffer
at the expense of the Library, or vice versa. It is not for the writer of this notice
who was his co-Secretary for a few years to specify his numerous acts of munificence.

1897.] 283

Suffice it to say, that he also paid the heavy expenses incident on the acquirement
of a Royal Charter of Incorporation in 1885, and it was hoped that this important
event in tlie history of the Society would have taken place during his Presidency
(1883-84), but it was not to be. Of a truth the Entomological Society of London
has reason to be deeply grateful to the memory of J. W. Dunning.

In private life he was reserved, but in social intercourse was always genial
and humorous, and his short speeches on festive and other occasions were marked
not only by the wide knowledge exhibited, but also by the polished manner of
their delivery. — R. McL.

Capt. Edward Yerbury Watson, F.Z.S., cfc. — -News has been received by tele-
gram of the death of this gallant officer and accomplished entomologist on November
8th, through a shot fired into camp when with the Tirah field force on the Indian
frontier expedition. He at the time held the position of Deputy Assistant Com-
missary General on the Indian Staff Corps. He joined the North Lancashire
regiment as Lieutenant in 1884. As an entomologist he turned his attention
especially to the Hesperiidce, and in 1893, during a furlough, he published in the
Proc. Zool. Soc. an attempt at a generic subdivision of that most difficult Family,
which will probably form the groundwork for future students. And he was also the
author of several other papers, published here and in India. His connection with
the Entomological Society of London commenced in 1891.

Morris Young, F.E.S., died somewhat suddenly so long ago as February 26th
last, but his death has only recently been generally known. His age was 76. Of
his early history we know little, but for many years he was a schoolmaster at Paisley.
He published little, and mostly only short notes. What may have been the first of
these appeared in the " Intelligencer," vol. i (1856), on a Lepidopterous subject, but
it was as a Coleopterist that he was best and widely known, and he added several
species of beetles to the British List. Yet he was more than a Coleopterist, more
than an Entomologist, for his knowledge in all branches of Natural History was
most extensive. In 1870 the Paisley Free Museum was opened, and Morris Young
was asked to be Curator. He accepted the position, although a salary of only £90
per annum was attached to it, and although it entailed the abandonment of his
previous occupation. But he was a man of simple tastes and few wants, and the
position was one after his own heart. He presented his very extensive entomological
collection to the Museum, and devoted all his energies to his duties, his skill as a
taxidermist saving the institution much expense in preparations. Some yeai's ago
he came into some money, and he then helped the Museum financially, and we un-
derstand he bequeathed to it the sum of £500 (the interest to be applied towards
extending the Entomological collections), and also all his books, &c. He was a
bachelor, and shy and reserved amongst strangers, but at the Museum and in company
with men of kindi'ed tastes all this was changed, and one saw only the enthusiastic
naturalist full of his subject. His loss will be severely felt amongst the none too
numerous band of Scottish entomologists. He joined the Entomological Society of
London in 1886.

The Rev. Peler Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., for 44 years Vicar of Rowiugton
Warwickshire, died on November 1st, aged 82. He was an accomplished geologist,
and one of the earliest to take up the study of British Fossil Insects, to which
subject he devoted much of a long life. His published papers are very numerous, a
large number of them having appeared in the reports of various Midland Natural
History Societies. From a more general point of view he was perhaps best known

284 [December, 1807.

by his " Historj of the Fossil Insects of the Secondary Eocks of Britain," an 8to
volume of 130 pages, with 10 plates by Westwood, and a section chart, published in
1845, now very scarce, and probably still the only separate work (as distinct fronn
papers and reprints) that has appeared on Fossil Entomology in this country. He
joined the Geological Society so long back as 1834.

^OJltCtg.

Entomological Society of London : November 2rd, 1897. — Mr. R. Teimen,
F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

The President announced the death, on October 15th, of Mr. J. W. Dunning,
formerly Secretary and President of the Society, and referred to the great interest
he had always taken in the Society's affairs. The Treasurer also spoke warmly of
Mr. Dunniiig's continued liberality to the Society in times of financial straits, and
of his successful efforts in procuring the Royal Charter, the cost of which he had
defrayed.

Mr. Selwyn Image, of 6, Southampton Street, W.C., was elected a Fellow of
the Society.

Mr. J. 3. Walker exhibited specimens of Anisolahis annulipes, Luc, an intro-
duced species of earwig taken among bones at the chemical works at Queenborough,
and of Braehysomus hirtus, Boh., a rare weevil, taken among dead leaves at Chat-
ham. Mr. Janson, a variety of Melanargia Galatea of a clear yellowish-creara
colour, without trace of the usual black markings. It was captured between Dover
and Walmcr in 1843, and was still in perfect condition. Lord Dormer, a remark-
able openwork cocoon of an unknown Japanese moth, constructed from the larva)
hairs. Mr. Jacoby, fine examples of both sexes of the Australian Ilepialids,
Charagria Ramsayi, C. splendens, and Hepialus Daphnandri. Mrs. Nicholl, a
selection from the butterflies collected by her this year, in June and July, in the
Albarracin Mountains in Aragon, containing several additions to the list of the
district published in Madrid by Seuor Zapater and Herr Max Korb. The species of
greatest interest were Erehia Zapateri, Oberth., Canonympha iphioides, Staud.,
Satyrus Prieuri, Pier., and its fulvous 9 var. Uhagoni, which was observed to be
much more attractive to the males than the normal form was ; ArgynnU Hecate,
Esp., and Parna.isius Apollo, L., of which a female variety occurred with red-
centred ocelli on the upper-side of the fore-wing. The Rev. H. S Gorham, examples
of the following rare beetles from the New Forest : Notiophilus rufipen, Velleius
dilatatus, four specimens, of which two were found in copuld, and Trichonyx
sulcicollis ; also a single example of Lytfa vesicaforia from Shirley Warren. Mr.
Tutt, a series of NoctucB, taken at Romford by the Rev. W. Claxton, all of
aberrant form ; and, for Mr. J. Merrin, a specimen of Aglais urticce with a
silvery costal spot on the under-side of the fore-wings, a series of 3IelitcBa Aurinia,
and an example of Syrichthus malvce, ab. taras, taken near Gloucester. Mr.
Kirkaldy, a complete series of species of the genus Notonecta, L., specimens of
the larva and imago of tlie very rare Deinostoma dilatatnm, Say, from Arizona, and
specimens of Antipalocoris Marshalli, Scott, from Ceylon, which was previously
recorded from Corsica alone. Papers were communicated — by the President, on
" New or little-known Species of African Butterflies ;" and by Mr. E. Meyrick, on
"New Lepidoptera from Australia and New Zealand." — W. F. H. Blandfobd
and F. Mekkifield, Hon. Sees.

END OF VOL. VIII (Second Seeies).

INDEX.

PAGE

CoNXniBUTORS i

General Index ii

Special Index —

Coleoptera viii

Diptera ix

Hcmiptera ix

Special Index {continued)—

Hymenoptera x

Lepidoptera xi

Neuroptera xi

Orthoptera xii

Genera and Species new to Scibkcb ... xiii

■ > ., ,, ,, ,, Britain ... xii

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.

PAGE

Adams, F. C, F.E.S 280

Adkin, R., F.E.S., P.S.L.E.S 211

Ashdown, W. J 213

Austen, Ernest E 224

Bailey, J. Harold, M.B 141

Bankes, Eustace R., M.A., P,E.S....5, 15, 16,
26, 43, 63, 79, 101, 256, 279

Barrett, C. G., F.E.S. ..8, 24, 25, 51, 62, 125,
143, 163, 172, 187, 232, 233, 268

Beaumont, Alfred, F.E.S 257

Bennett, W. H., F.E.S 91, 106,278

Bethune- Baker, G. T., F.L.S 150,202

Bignell, G. C, F.E.S... 54, 141, 142, 158, 159,
183, 221, 237

Blandford, \V. F. H., M.A., F.Z.S 68, 96,

113, 114, 144, 165, 264, 284

Bloomfield, Rev. E. N., M.A., F.E.S 222

Bontnall, Rev.C. F., M.A 212

Bower, B. A., F.E.S 43,279,280

Bradley, Ralph C 45, 90, 142, 215, 257

Brauer, Dr. F 13

Briggs, C. A., F.E.S. 63,207

Bucknill, L. M 141,256

Burr, Malcolm, F.Z.S 14, 147, 148, 258

Butler, E. A., B.A., B.Sc, F.E.S 236

Carpenter, G. H., B.Sc, F.E.S 62

Champion, G. C, F.Z.S 44, 60, 90, 97, 98,

134, 135, 145, 213, 214, 217, 274, 278

Clarke, J 107

Cooper, R. G 87

PAGE

Dale, C. W., F.E.S 13

Doncaster, L 95, 109, 143, 262

Douglas, J. W., F.E.S 159, 212, 236, 258

Durrant, J. Hartley, F.E.S. .15, 37, 173,220,

221
Eaton, Rev. A. E., M.A., F.E.S 114, 150,

279

Elliman, E. G 279

Elliot, A 63

Esam, W. W 18

Fowler, Rev. Canon, M.A., F.L.S 24, 185

Freke, Percy E., F.E.S 280

Frisby, G. E 107

Gardner, J., F.E.S 89

Goss, Herbert, F.L.S 24

Green, E. Ernest, F.E.S 68, 205

Griffiths, G. C, F.E.S 255

Giinther, Dr. A., P.R.S 131

Harding, G., F.E.S 184

Hart, G. V 184

Harwood, B. S 16

Hewett, William 255

Jennings, P. B 258

Johnson, Rev. W. F., M.A., F.E.S 233

Keys, J. H 160

King, J. J. F. X., F.E.S 14,279

Knaggs, H. G., M.D., F.L.S ".88

Lewis, George, F.L.S 45, 278

Lloyd, R. W., F.E.S 160

PAGE

McLachlan, R., F.R.S....46, 130, 152, 157, 171,
212, 237, 280

Malloch, J. R 62

Marchal, Dr. P 80

Maishall, G. A. K., F.E.S 52

Marshall, Rev. T. A., M.A., F.E.S. ...149, 235

Maskell, W. M 239

Mason, P. B., F.L.S., M.R.C.S 91

Meade, R. H., F.R.C.S 29, 151, 223, 251

Merrifield, P., F.E.S. ...68, 96, 113, 144, 165,

264, 284
Meyrick, E., B.A., F.Z.S 234,255

Morice, Rev. F. D, M.A., F.E.S 89, 181,

209, 230, 252

Morley, Claude, F.E.S.. ..9, 44, 49, 86, 90, 106,
158, 232, 258, 265, 280

Mortimer, C. H 215

Morton, Kenneth J., F.E.S 1, 28, 43, 275

Moss, Rev. A. M 99

Newbery, E. A 17, 18

Newstead, R., F.E.S 12, 68, 165, 267

Perkins, R. C. L., M.A 56

Pierce, P. N., F.E.S 48, 65, 110

Porritt. G. T., F.L.S 14, 184

Ricardo, Miss Gertrude 234

Richards, P 234

PAGE

Robson, John E., F.E.S 77, 190

Rye, Bertram G., F.E.S 105, 245

Saunders, Edward, F.L.S 15, 31, 80, 136.

160, 177, 246

Sharp, Dr. D., M.A., F.R.S. 12, 35, 50, 206

Sharp, W. E 61,236

Sladen, F. W. L 229

Stacey, A 234

Strickland, T. A. Gerald, F.E.S 84, 184

Theobald, F. V., M.A., F.E.S 185

Thornley, Rev. A., M.A., F.LS 19, 257

Tomlin, B., F.E.S 18

Tuck, W. H., M.A 58,234

Turner, H. J., F.E.S 23, 67, 96, 112, 144,

164, 187, 216, 239, 264

Verrall, G. H., F.E.S 215

Wain Wright, C. J., F.E.S. .. 20, 48, 65, 109.

216, 261

Walker, James J., R.N., F.L.S. 11, 44, 132.
160, 175, 185, 256, 280

Walsingham, Rt. Hon. Lord, M.A., LL.D.,
F.R.S., &c. 37, 103, 173

Wilkinson, C. J 21

Wood, Rev. Theodore, F.E.S 43

Wynn, G. W 89

GENERAL INDEX.

PAGE

Aberrations of Stigmonota dorsana, F., and Dichrorampha Petiverella, L. ... 43

Acalla aspersana in Unst ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 279

Acanthia ciliata, Ev., Query respecting ... ... ... ... ... ... 236

Acidalia contiguaria near Penmaenmawr ... ... ... ... ... 184

Adalia, Muls., and Coeeinella, L., Some remarks on the characters of ... ... 245

Aepophilus Bonnairei, Sign., on the Irish coast ... ... ... ... ... 62

Agrotis cinerea in Worcestershire ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 89

Aleochara (Baryodma) succicola. Thorns., a British insect ... ... ... 97

Algeria, Odonata collected by the Rev. A. E. Eaton in ... ... ... ... 152

Androna angustior, Kirby, (J , with 12-jointed antennae ... ... ... ... 89

Anisolabis annulipes at Queenborough ... ... ... ... ... ... 280

Aporia crattegi in Kent ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... 43

Aproaerema, n. n. (= Anacampsis, Auct., nee Curt.) ... ... ... .. 221

Apterygida arachidis, Yersin (Forficulidse) at Queenborough, Occurrence of... 132

Arhopala, Four new species of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 202

Aristotelia tetragonella, Stn., Life History of ... ... ... ... ... 5

PAGE

Astata stigma, Panz , &c., near Ryde ... ... ... ■• ••• ■■■ 107

Bagous diglyptus at Ipswich, 44 ; nodulosiis, G-yll., at Pevensey ... ... ^78

Bees in February, 1897 ... ... ... ■• ••■ ... 89

Biorhiza terminalis .. .. ... ... •■■ ••• •• 142

Blennocampa aterrima, Klug, at Kew, On the occurrence of ... ... 131

Bombus Latreillellus, Notes on the habits of ... ... ... ••• •• 234

Bombyx rubi, Hints on rearing ... ... ... ... ... ... 199

Boreus hiemalis near Edinburgh .. ... ... .. •• ... 46

Bothynotus pilosus and other Hemiptera in North Kent... ... ... 236

Bucculatrix artemisiae, H.-S., Note on the food of, in Britain ... ... ... 88

Calcpteryginse ; Thaumatoneura inopinata, A new genus and species of ... 130

Camarota flavitarsis, Meig., On the Biology of ... ... ... •-. ... 30

Caradrina ambigua, F., in the Isle of Purbeck ... ... . .. ... 16

Cardiff district, Coleoptera in the ... ... ... ... ... ■• 18

Catoptria ulicetana, Albinic aberration of .. ... ... 63

Cedestis Gysselinella, Dup., in Norfolk ... ... ... ... ... ... 63

Ceropales variegata near Holmwood ... ... ... ... ... ... 215

Chatham district, Autunnial Coleoptera in the ... ... .. .. 44

Chrysid, A new British : Hedychridium coriaceum, Dlilb. ... ... ... 181

Chrysopa flava, Scop., in South Australia ... ... ... ... ... ... 157

Chrysops in the Lea Valley, The species of ... ... ... ... ... 258

Chrysops (Tabanidae), On the British species of the genus ... ... ... 224

Cidaria reticulata, On the habits of . . ... ... ... ... .. ... 99

Cilissa melanura, Nyl. : a species new to the British list, and other bees at St.

Margaret's Bay 229

Cimei in the nest of domestic fowls, The ... ... ... ... 159,185,208

Cimices in bird's-nests ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 212,2.58

Coccid new to Britain, Kermes Tariegatus, A ... ... ... ... ... 267

Coccidse from the Royal Gardens, Kew, Notes on... ... ... ... 68

Coccidse, Observations on (No. 16), 165 ; On a collection of, principally from

China and Japan ... ... ... ... . . ... 239

Coccus agavium, Douglas ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... 12

Ccenonympha Tiphon and its varieties ... ... ... ... ... .. 28

Coleophora potentillae in Kent ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 279

Colias Edusa at Seaton, 279 ; Hyale in Scotland .. ... ... ... ... 62

Colonial Entomologists, The Entomological Society of London and ... ... 161

Coleoptera at Brandon, Suffolk, 9 ; Captures of, during the past twelve months,
105 ; from Hoy, Orkney, 236 ; from the Lincolnshire coast, 257 ; in a bag
of Suffolk fluvial rejectamenta, 86; in Jersey, 106 ; in Kent and Surrey,
Recent captures of, 256 ; in Richmond Park, 91 ; in the BoUin Valley, in
1896, 141 ; in the Cardiff district, 18 ; in the Chatham district. Autumnal,
44 ; An afternoon among the, 160 ; in the Hastings district, 18 ; in the
nests of Aculeate Hymenoptera, 58 ; of the Liverpool district, 61 ; of the
Scilly Islands, 217 ; List of additions, &c., to Sharp and Fowler's Catalogue
of British, 145 ; near Southampton, 256 ; Some recent captures of British. 212
Crabro aphidum in Ireland ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 280

Crambus perlellus, var. rostellus, in Ross-shire ... ... ... ..." ... 255

Cryptocephalus parvulus, Miill. (flavilabris, F.) .. ... ... ... ... 90

PAGI-:
Deilophila galii in Devon ... .. .. .. ... ... ... ■ 212

Depressaria heracleana, The larva of, 212 ; pulclierrimella, Stn., Description of

the larva and pupa of ... ... .. ■■ ... .. ... 26

Diamond-Back Moth, Plutella cruciferarum, Z. (1843), a synonym of Cerostoma

raaculipennis, Crt. (1832) ... 173

DianthcEcia luteago, var. Barrettii in Cornwall and ?forth Wales ... 172

Dichroranipha senectana, Gn., Albinic aberration of ... 15

Diptera and Hymenoptera in Cornwall, Rare, 149 ; the New Forest, Eare, 280 ;
On the terminology of the scale-like organs which lie between the roots
of the wings and the scute! lum of, 29 ; On the use of the term tegula
in, 50 ; Remarks upon killing, 151 ; taken in 1896, Notes on 90

Dipteron of the genus Phorocera inhabiting Britain . . . . ... 223

Dyscritina longisetosa, Westw., a Forficulid larva ... ... ... ... 205

Dytiscus lapponicus in the Isle of Mull ... ... ... ... 279

Eggs of Lepidoptera, Drawings of ... ... ... .. ... 233

Encyrtus bred from Depressaria heracleana ... .. .. 235

Epione vespertaria (parallelaria) in Roxbarghshire in 1897 . ... ... 255

Eugonia autumnaria, Larva of, at Walmer ... ... ... ... ... 255

Exomias (Barypeithes) pyrena;us, Seidl., at Plymouth, Occurrence of ... ... 134

Fidonia piniaria at Glendalough ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 184

Flebh flies bred from snails ... ... ... ... ... 251

Forficula Lesuei, Finot, a British insect, 148; at Wallingford ... ... ... 258

Formica rufa, Early appearance of, 141, 158 ; Habits of .. .. .. 183

Grails, Some further remarks on British oak ... ... ... ... 54

Gelechia (Sitotroga) cerealella, Oliv., 8 ; suppeliella, Wism., and peliella, Tr.,

On the distribution of .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 101

Glen Lochay, Lepidoptera observed in ... ... ... ... ... ... 1

Habits of Cidaria reticulata ... ... ... ... .. ... 99

" Hadena" Maillardi, Hiib., in the Shetland Isles ... ... ... ... 51

Halesus guttatipennis. Great abundance of .. ... ... ... ... ... 14

Harpalus cuprous at Sandown, 160 ; ruficornis, F., destructive to ripe straw-
berries 171,212

Hastings district, Coleoptcra in the ... ... ... ... ... ... 18

Heraiplera of the Scilly Islands ... ... ... ... ... . 217

Hemipterous insect, Description of an anomalous .. ... ... ... ... 35

Hermaphrodite earwig (Chelisoches morio, Fab.) .. ... ... ... ... 147

Hesperia lineola, Ochs., An unrecorded locality for ... ... ... ... 43

Histei'idte, Note on three British ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 278

Holocentropus stagnalis. Alb., near Ipswich ... ... ... ... ... 280

Homalota (Dilacra) pruinosa, Kraatz : an addition to the British list ... ... 274

Hydroporus marginatus, Dufts., in Hampshire ... ... ... .. ... 160

Hyetodesia vagans. Fin., near Birmingham ... ... ... ... 142

Hymenoptera and Diptera in Cornwall, Rai'e, 149 ; Hints on collecting Aculeate,
31, 80, 136, 177, 246; in Devonshire, an Assemblage of parasitic, 158;
Notes on British, 181, 230; Rare Aculeate ... ... ... ... ... 45

Hypera tigrina, &c., at Dover ... .. ... .. ... ... ... 18

Ichneumon (Leistodromus) nycthemerus, Grav., The parasitism of ... .. 235

PAGE

Ilyobates glabriveiitris ill Bucks ... ... . . .. ... ... ... 279

Jersey, Coleoptera in .. .. .. ... ... ... ... ... 106

Kcrnies variegatus, Gm., a Coccid new to Britain.. ... ... ... ... 267

Kew, Coccidse from the Royal Gardens, Notes on ... ... ... ... 68

Kirby's Country, A day in .. .. ... ... ... .. ... 265

Lamps, Morning collecting round the electric ... ... ... ... ... 87

Larva and pupa of Depressaria pulcherrimella, Stn., Description of, 26 ; of

Eugonia autumnaria at Walmer ... ... ... ... .. ... 255

Larvae of Depressaria heracleana .. ... ... ... 212

Lema Erichsoni, Suffr., of British collections : a synonymical note ... .. 135

Lepidoptera at Poyntzpass, Armagh, in 1897, 233 ; iu Ross-shire, 234 ; south-
east Dorset, 255, 279 ; Local Lists of British, 187, 211, 233, 268 ; London
suburban, 232 ; (Macro) of New Zealand, A proposed new work on the,

254; observed in Glen Loehay . .. ... ... ... ... 1

Lepyrus binotatus at Wellington College ... ... ... ... ... ... 141

Libellula fulva, Miill., and ^schna mixta, Latr., in Suffolk ... ... ... 106

Limnoplulus elegans, C, at Rannoch ... ... ... .. ... ... 14

Lipopfena cervi, L., in Dorset .. ... ... ... ... ... 13

LithocoUetis cerasicolella, H.-S., in Kent ... ... ... ..43

Liverpool district, Coleoptera of the ... ... ... . ... 61

Local lists, 2.32 ; of British Lepidoptera 187,211,233,268

Lycsena minima, Variation in ... ... ... ... ... ... 43

Medon ripicola and Scopeeus sulcieollis at Plymouth ... ... ... ... 160

Megaloceraea erratiea, Female of, dimorphic ... ... ... .. ... 15

Mesochorus tetricus, Holmg., bred in England ... ... .. ... 257

Metopia leucocephala, Rossi, Habits of ... ... ... ... ... 221

Metriocnemis fuscipes, Mg. : a correction, 90 ; On the early stages of ... 49

Microrrhagus pygmseus and other Coleoptera in the Blean Woods, Kent 175

Moths of the World, An important proposed work on the ... 253

Muscular energy in a Tipula leg after death ... ... ... ... 160

^lycetophagus quadripustulatus ... ... ... ... ... ... 44

Myrmosa melanocephala in Warwickshire .. ... ... ... ... 215,257

Natural History specimens and the foreign sample post ... ... 185

Neoclytus caprea, Say, and N. erythroceplmlus, F., two N. American Longicurns

bred in this country ... 91

Neuroptera observed in 1897, chiefly in the New Forest and in the Fens .. 275

New Zealand, A proposed new work on the Macro-Lepidoptera of .. 254

Noctua depuncta and Mania niaura, and its vars. in Roxburghshire ... 63

Nomada guttulata at Ipswich ... .. ... .. ... 280

Obituaries :— Brodie, Rev. Peter Bellinger, M.A., F.G.S., 283 ; Dowsett,
Arthur, F.Z.S., F.E.S., 19 ; Dunning, Joseph William, M.A.,
F.L.S., 260, 281; Hamilton, Dr. John, lOS ; Hodgkinson,
James B., F.E.S., 93 ; Matthews, Rev. Andrew, M.A., 238,
258 ; Miiller, Dr. Fritz, Hon. F.E.S., 162 ; Napier, Alexander,
108 ; Roelofs, Willem, 186 ; Rogenhofer, Alois Friedrich,
108; Watson, Captain Edward Yerbury, F.Z.S., 283 ; Young,
Morris, F.E.S 260.283

PAGE

Ochsenlieimeria vacculella common at Brockley ... ... ... ... ... -'-SI

Ocneria dispar, Defoliation of cork trees in Tunis by ... ... .. .. 150

Odonata collected by the Eev. A. E. Eaton in Algeria ... ... 152

Odontseus mobilicornis in Bucks ... .. ... ... ... .. 279

Qilstrid of the Indian elephant bred ... ... ... ... ... 13

Oligotoma insularis, McLach. (Embiidse), and its immature conditioi s .. ... 56

Orkney, Coleoptera from Hoy, ... ... ... ... 236

Osphya bipunctata, &c., in Monks Wood ... ... ... ... ... ... 185

Perlidee, A curious habit of certain male ... ... ... ... ... .. 207

Philopotamus montanus in February ... ... ... .. 63

Phorocera incerta, Meade, at Ipswich ... ... .. . .. ... 258

Photographic enlargement of Entomological specimens. The direct 84

Pieris Daplidice at DoTer ; in North Kent ... ... ... ... 23-4

Pityogenes bidentatus, Hbst., feeding on birch ... ... .. 257

Plagithmysus : a Hawaiian genus of Longicorn Coleoptera (supplement) ... 12
Platyptilia tesseradactyla, L., = Fischeri, Zell., Occurrence of, in Ireland, 25 ;

Food-plant of .. ... ... ... . ... .. 62

Platypezidee, Application for British .. .. ... ... ... ... 215

Platystethus alutaceus, Thoms., a British insect ... ... ... ... ... 98

Plusia moneta at Lee, Kent ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 280

Porthesia chrysorrhoea, L., at Sheerness, Re-occurrence of ... ... ... 185

Psen concolor, Dahlb. : a new British Fossorial Aculeate ... ... ... 252

Psychodidse," Supplement to " A Synopsis of British ... ... ... ... 114

Pycnoscelus indicus at Bognor ... ... ... ... ... ... 14

Reviews : — "The Larvae of British Butterflies and Moths :" by (the late) W.
Buckler, vol. vii, 92; "Eleventh Report of the Injurious, Sic,
Insects of the State of N. York :" by J. A. Lintner, Ph.D., 92 ;
" The Hemiptera-Homoptera of the British Isles :" by J. Edwards,
F.E.S., 93; " The Butterfiies of North America :" by W. Edwards,
93 ; " Monograph of the Bombycine Motha of America, North
of Mexico," part i :" by Alpheus S. Packard, 107 ; " Descriptive
List of the British Anthomyidae :" by R. H. Meade, 162 ;
" Economic Entomology for the Farmer and Fruit-grower :" by
J. B. Smith, Sc.D., 162; " Hemiptera Gyninocerata Europse :"
by O. M. Reuter, 186 ; " Further Coccid Notes :" by W. M.

Maskell 288

Rhizophagus punctulatus, Guillb. : synonymical note ... ... .. ... 278

Salle collections at Paris, The sale of the ... ... ... ... ... ... 91

Saprinus aeneus, F., and immundus, Gyll. ... ... ... ... ... 17,45

Saturnia pavonia feeding on Rhamnus frangula ... ... ... ... ... 159

Satyrus Seraele, Position of ovipositing ... ... ... ... ... ... 232

Scilly Islands, A preliminary list of the Coleoptera and Hemiptera of the ... 217

Selys-Longchamps, Baron de ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 142

Sericomyia borealis, Fin., Habits of... ... ... ... ... ... ... 222

Sericoris palustrana in Durham ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 89

Sctina irrorella on the Cottes wolds ... ... ... .., ... ... ... 184

vu.

PAGE

SociKTiES :— Birmingham Entomological Societj, 20,40,109,215,260; Cam-
bridge Entomological Society, 20, 64, 94, 109, 143, 261 ; Com-
mittee for the protection of British Lepidoptera in danger of
extermination, 24, 163 ; Entomological Society of London, 23,
48, 67, 96, 112, 144, 164, 264, 284; Lancashire and Cheshire
Entomological Society, 48, 65, 109; South London, &c., Society,
21,65,95,110,113,163,186,216,238 .

Solenobia, Further notes on the British species of the genus, 125 ; triquetrella
and Chalybe pyrausta in the Doubleday collection. Notes on

Sphinx convolvuli at Nunhead

Spilomyia speciosa in the New Forest

Stridulating organs of Trox ..

Strophosomus fulvicornis, Walton ...

Suffolk, Coleoptera at Brandon,

Tachys parTulus, Dej., &c., in Cornwall

Tseniocampa miniosa on bramble and blackthorn ...

Tegula, On the use of the term, in Diptera

Telmatophilus sparganii, Ahr. : note on the male characters

Temperature experiments and hybridity ...

TenthredinidsB, Notes on some, with additions to the British list

Tephrosia bistortata (crepuscularia) and T. crepuscularia (biundularia), 107
crepuscularia and biundularia ..

Teracolus Auxo, Lucas, reared from eggs laid by T. Topha, Wallengr. ...

Tiiaumatoneura inopinata, a new genus and species of Calopteryginse ...

Tinea cochylidella, Stn., an aberration of T. ruricolella, Stn.

Tongatabu, Water beetles from the Island of

Tortrix, Tinea, and Alucita, An attempt to elucidate and fix the types of, 37 ;
viridana ; Immunity of the Turkish oak (Quercus cerris) from the attacks
of the larva of ...

Trox, On the stridulating organs of...

Vanessa urticae, Variety of ...

Water beetles from the Island of Tongatabu

Wood feeding insects, A hint as to breeding

Xantholinus distans, Kr., in Caithness

Xyela julii, Breb. (pusilla, Dalm.), at Oxshott

Zeugophora flavicollis, 60 ; at Colchester ...

262

220
233
234
206

60

9

213

159

50
214
142
209

77
52
130
79
11

184
206
142

11
237

19
257

16

SPECIAL INDEX.

COLEOPTERA.

PAGE

Abdera bifasciata 19

Actobius signaticornis 214

Actocharis Reading! 214

Adalia bothnica 245

Agapanthia lineatocollis 213

Aleocbara succicola 97

A mara consul aris 9

Anisotoma cinnamomea, 44, 256; furva,

105; punctulata, 161 ; rugosa 256

Anisoxya fuscula 256

Anitys rubens 91

Anobium denticolle 91, 105

Anthocomus tenninatiis 213

Aphaiiisticns pnsillus 19, 86

Apbodius consputus 256

Apion pubescens 19, 161

Ascmum;;striatum 105

Athous difforniis 19

Bagous diglyptus, 44 ; nodulosus 19,278

Balaninus cerasonim, 256 ; lubidus 256

Baris abrotani 11

Bembidium paludosum, 141 ; prasinum... 17
Carabus arvensis, 236 ; glabratus, 236 ;

nitens 61

Cardiopborus asellus '.. 105

Cassida hemispbiEi-ica, 19 ; sanguinolenta 87

Catbormiocorus sociiis 160

Ceutborrhyncbus alliariiB, 91 ; uvticiB ... 161

Choragus Sbeppardi 18, 19, 105, 176

Cis alni 256

Clinocara minor 19

Clytus mysticus 61,105, 185,213

Coccinella distincta 175

Colon viennense 44, 256

Conipora orbiculata 91,176,256

Couopalpus testaceus 19

Corymbitos bipustulatus 213

Cryptoceplialus frontalis, 176 ; parvulus

var. bai'bareae 90

Diglossa inersa 214, 218

Donacia cinerea 19

Dryocaetes coryli 161

Dytiscus circumflexus, 161; lappouicus... 279

Eubrycbius velatus ... 19

Exomias pyrenseus 134,214

Grammoptera pi'sausta 213

Gyrinus distinctus, 18 ; Smffriani, 18 ; uii-

natoi' 18

Haemonia Curtisi 161

Halacritus 279

Harpalus cupreus, 160 ; melancbolicus,

213; picipennis, 9 ; tenebrosus 218

Heptaulacus villosus 61

Homalota (Dilacra) pruinosa 274

Hydaticus Goryi H

Hydnobius punctatissimus 10,41

Hydropbilus piceus 19, 278

Hydroporus marginatus, 160 ; septentrio-

nalis 18

Hypera julini, 19 ; tigrina 18

Ilyobates forticornis, 86 ; glabriventiis ... 279

Ischnodes sanguinicollis . 105

Kissister 278

Labidostomis tiidentata 176

Lebia cblorocephala 18, 105

Lema Erichsoni, septentrionis 135

Leptinus testaceus 105

Lepyrus biuotatus 141

Licinus depressus 9, 105

Macrocepbalus (Anthribus) albiuus 256

Mecinus circulatus 10

Medon ripicola 160

Megacronus inclinans 44

Megatoma undata 91

Mesosa nubila 212

MetiBcus paradoxus 59

Microrrbagus pygniaeus 175

Molorcbus minor, 213; urabellatarum .

176, 213

Mordella aculeata 101, 176

Mordellistena abdominalis, 18, 185, 213;

humeralis, 213 ; inajqualis 176

Mycctopbagus atomarius, 18, 105; multi-
punctatus, 44 ; piceus, 91 ; quadri-

guttatus 44

Neoclytus caprea, 91; erytbrocephalus ... 91

Nitidula rafipes 185

Oberea oculata 213

PAGE

Octhubius Lejolisi 106,213,218

Odontaeus mobilicornis 279

Onthophagus taurus 106

Opilo mollis 105

Orchestes pratensis 19

Osphya bipunctata 185

Pachylopus 278

Pediacus dennestoides 105, 161

Phyllotreta siuuata 18

Phytoecia cylindrica 213

Plagithmysus Albertisi (sp. n.), Sharp ... 12

Platystethus alutaceus 98

Psammobius caesus 219

Pseudopsis sulcata 18

Quedius chrysurus, scitus 44

Rhinoncus denticollis, 176 ; inconspectus 19
Rhizophagus punctulatus, oblongicoUis... 278

Rhytidosomus globulus 176

Sapvinus immundus 17, 45

Scopseus sulcicollis 160

Scraptia fuscula 91, 105

Silis ruficollis 213

Strophosomus fulvicornis 60

SM;ylops melittis 106

Tachys parvulus 213

Telmatophilus sparganii 214

Tetratoma ancora, 19 ; Desmaresti 44, 256

Throscus carinifroiis, 161 ; obtusus 176

Tillus elongatus 176

Trachys pumila, 161; troglodytes 86

Xantholinus distans, 19 ; glaber 44

Zeugopbora flavicollis 16,60

DIPTERA.

Arctopbila mussitans 90

Callicera senea 281

Cataaronota flavitarsis 30

Chrysogaster splendida 90

Chrysops caecutiens. 224, 227 ; quadratus,
225, 227 ; relictus, 225, 227, 258 ; se-

pulcralis 225, 227

Cobboldia elepbantis, Icxodontis 13

Ditomyia ferrugiuea 90

Geraiiomyia unicolor 90

Hyetodesia vagans 142

Idia lunata 90

Limnobia uitida 90

PAGE

Lipoptena cervi 13

Mallota eristaloides 280

Merodon equestris 90, 150

Metopia leucocepbala 221

Metriocnemus fuscipes 49,90

Neottiophilum priEUstum 281

Nephrocerus flavicornis 281

Oucomyia atra 90

Pericoma auriculata, 124 ; caligiuosa, 115,

118 ; fratercula, 115, 117 ; fusca, 122 ;

incerta, 116, 118 ; revisenda, 116, 119 ;

ustulata 114, 116

Pbaryngobolus africanus 13

Phorocera incerta (sp. n.), Meade 223, 258

Physocepbala nigra 281

Sarcophaga privigna 251

Scellus notatus 90

Sericomyia borealis 222

Spilomyia speciosa 234

Syrplius laternarius, nitens 90

HEMIPTERA.

Acanthia ciliata, 236; inodora, 208; lec-

tularia .'.209, 237

Aepophilus Bonnairii 62, 214

Allodapus rufescens 236

Aonidia elaeagnus (sp. n.), Maskell 241

Aspidiotus aloes, 69, 77 ; aurantii, 240 ;
camellia^240; cydoniae, 74, 240; tecta
(var. n.), Maskell, 240; destructor,
241 ; dictyospermi, 240 ; ficus, 69,
241 ; implicatus (sp. n.), Maskell,
longispina, 241 ; nerii, personatus, 69 ;
secretus, lobulata (var. n.), Maskell... 241

Bothynotus pilosus 236

Carcinocbelis Bingbami (sp. n.), Sharp .. 35'
Ceronema japonicum (sp. n.), Maskell ... 243
Chionaspis aspidastrae, 70; brasiliensis,

eugeniag, graminis, pruuicola, vitis... 242
Cimices (Acanthia?) iudeterm. ..

159, 185, 212, 258
Coccus agavium, 12; cacti, confusus, 76;

tomentosus 75

Cyrtorrhinus flaveolus 236

Dactylopius ceriferus, cocotis, 244; citri,
73; hirsutus (sp. n.), Newstead, 166;
graminis, 244; longispina 73

PAGE

Diaspis amygdali, 241 ; Boisduvalii, 70 ;

calyptroides, 75 ; rosa; 241

Dictyonota fuliginosa 262

Dieuches luscus 214

Einlilethis verbasci 264

Eriococcus exiguus (sp. n.), Maskell, gra-

minis (sp. u.), Maskell 243

Fiorinia bambusaa (sp. n.), Maskell, ca-
melliaj, var. minor, Maskell, nephelii
(sp. n.), Maskell, pinicola (sp. n.),
Maskell, signata (sp. n.), Maskell, te-
nuis (sp. n.), Maskell 242

Geotomus punctulatus 214

Henestaris halophilus 236

Icerya formicarum (sp. n.), Newstead, 169;

sej'cbellarum 244

Ischnaspis filiformis 242

Kermes variegatus 267

Kermicus (g. n.), Newstead, Wroughtoni

(sp. n.), Newstead 170

Lecanium cofFese, ficus (sp. n.), Maskell,
geometricum, globulosum (sp. n.),
Maskell, 243 ; hemispbaericum, 7C ;
liespei'iduni, longulum, 71, 243 ; mi-
rificura, 238 ; nigrum, 71 ; notatum
(sp. n.), Maskell, 243 ; oleae, 72, 243 ;

perforatum 75

Megaloceraa erratica, dimorphic 15

Myrmedobia distinguenda, inconspicua... 236
Mytilaspis canaliculata (var. n.), Maskell,
citricola, Crawii, 241 ; flava, Gloverii,

242; pallida, 241 ; pomorum 242

Orthezia insignis 74

Parlatoria Pergandei, crotonis (var. n.),
Cockerell, 75 ; perpusilla, 238 ; pro-
teus, virescens (var. n.), Maskell, si-
nensis (sp. n.), Maskell, zizypbi 241

Peritrechus nubilus 236

Pilophorus cinnamopterus 236

Pinnaspis pandani 69

Plagiognatlius albipennis 236

Planchonia bumbusse, 75 ; delicata 243

Poliaspis pini (sp. n.), Maskell 242

Prosopophora quercus 243

Pulvinaria floccifera, 72 ; psidii 243

llipcrsia agavium, 12 ; europa;a (sp. n.),
Newstead, formicicola, 167; tumida

(sp. u.), Newstead 108

Sphaerococcus graminis (sp. n.), Maskell,

parvus (sp. n.), Maskell, tokiouis 244

Tachardia decorella 244

Teratocoris anteunatus, Saundersi 236

Tylococcus (g. n.), Newstead, 105 ; mada-

gascariensis (sp. n.), Newstead 166

HYMENOPTERA.

Acampsis alternipes 150, 159

Allantus distinguendus 210

Andrena proxima 182, 266

Andricuscorticis, fecundatrix, globuli, 54;

pilosus, 55 ; ramuli 54

Astatus stigma 107, 182

Biorrhiza terminalis 142

Ceropales variegata 216

Cbrysis fulgida, succiucta 182

Cilissa melauura 229

Crabro aphidum, 45, 182, 280; Panzeri... 230

Dolerus sericeps 210

Dry ophanta folii, longi ventris 55

Eumesius albitarsus 158

Halictus atricornis, 45; prasinus 46

Hedychridium coriaceum, 181 ; integrum 230
Ichneumon fabricator, 159 ; n^'cthemerus 235

Jlegachile versicolor 231

Mesochorus tetricus 257

Methoca 149

Mimesa Dahlbomi, Shuckardi 182

Myrmosa melanocephala 149,215,257

Neonurus HaHdaii 149

Nomada alboguttata, 46; guttulata 280

Odynerus la;vipes, 46 ; reniformis 182

Pas&alaecus raonilicornis 45

Perilampus violaceus 159

Phytodietus vetulus 159

Polyblastus annulicornis 150

Pompilus unicolor 230

Ponera contracta 46

Prosopis cornuta 231

Psen concolor 252

Tenthredopsis fulvipes, nassata, spreta ... 210

Trigonaspis renum 55

Xyelajulii 257

LEPIDOPTERA.

PAGE

Acalla aspersana 234, 279

Acidalia contiguaria, 184 ; fumata 3

Aciptilia tetradactyla 4

Agrotis cinerea, 89 ; porphyrea 3

Amphysa Gerningana 4

Aporia crataegi 43

Arhopala Brahma, ijaneiisis, 203 ; gunon-
geiisis, 205 ; saiigira (spp. n.)) Beth.-

Baker 202

Aristotelia tetragonella 5

Bucculati'ix aurimaculella, 4 ; arteme-

siella 88

Caradrina ambigua 16

Catoptria ulicetana 63

Cedestis Gysselinella 63

Chalybe pyrausta 220

Cidaria reticulata, 99 ; silaceata, suffu-

mata 4

Coenonympha Typhon 2, 28

Coleophora Fabriciella, 4 ; potentillae ... 279

Colias Edusa, 279 ; Hyale 62

Coremia munitata, propugnata 4

Crambus furcatellus, 4; perlellus, var.

rostellus 255

Crymodes erulis 61

Deilephila galii 212

Depressaria heracliana, 212, 235 ; pallor-

ella, 256; pulcherrimella 26

Dianthoecia luteago 172

Dici-anura furcula, vinula 87

Dici'orampba Petiverella, 16, 43 ; quest-

ionana, 16 ; senectana 15

Emmelesia blaiidiata 3

Ennomos fuscantaria, tiliaria 87

Epione vespertaria 255

Erebia Epiphion 2

Eriocephala AUionella 164

Eugonia autumnaria 266

Eupithecia pulchellata, pygmaeata, saty-

rata 3

Fidonia piniaria 184

Gelechia longicornis, triparella, 4; peli-

ella, subpeliella 101

H adena Maillardi 51

Hepialus sylviuus, 233 ; velleda 3

Hesperia lineola 43

Lasiocampa quercus, var. callunae, 3 ;

rubi 199

Lithocolletis cevasicolella 43

Lycsena agestis, v. Artaxerxes, 2 ; Al8us...2, 43

PAGE

Macroglossa bombyliformis 3

Mania maura 63

Melanippe hastata, tristata 3

Mixodia palustrana 4,89

Noctua depuncta 63

Notodouta dictsea, dictaeoides, ziczac 88

Ocbsenheimeria vacculella 234

Ocneria dispar 160

ffigoconia quadripuncta 233

Pentbina marginana, Staintoniana 4

Perouea aspersana 234, 279

Pieris Daplidice 234, 236

Platyptilia ochrodactyla, 4; tesseradac-

tyla 25,62

Plusia chrysitis, interrogationis, 3 ; mo-

neta, 280 ; pulchrina 3

Plutella maculipennis (cruciferarum) ... 173

Porthesia chrysorrhoea 185

Psodos coracina 3

Saturnia pavonia 159

Satyrus Semele 232

Scoparia alpina, atomalig, muraua 4

Scopula alpinalis 4

Sericoris irriguana, metallicana 4

Setina irrorella 184

Sphinx convolvuli 233

Sitotroga cerealella 8

Solenobia inconspicuella, 125 ; lichen-
ella?, 128; Nickerlii, 129; trique-

trella 125, 220

Tsaniocampa miniosa 159

Tephrosia biundularia, crepuscularia ...23, 67,
77, 107, 110

Teracolus Auxo, Topha 52

Thecla betulae, pruni, w-album 275

Tinea cochylidella, ruricolella 79

Tortrix viridana 184

Vanessa L-album, 20 ; urticsB 2,142

Xantbia cerago, 87 ; gilvago 88

NEUROPTERA.

.^schna mixta 106

Agrion mercuriale 277

Boreus hiemalis 46

Cacergates leucosticta 153

Calopteryx exul 156

Chrysopa flava 167

Xll.

PAGE

Gomphus Lucasii ^^

Halesus guttatipennis ^^

Hemerobius coucinnus 277

Holocentropus(lubius,277; stagnalis ... 280
IschnuraGraellsii,157; pumilio 277

277
Lestes iiymplia

Libellula fulva 106,276

Limnophilus elegans, 14 ; luridus 277

Oligotoina insularis

Onychogompbus CostsB, 154 ; Genei ...... 156

Orthetrum chvysostigma, 154, 157 ; niti-
dinerve, 154; Ramburii, 154, 157;

^ • • .163

tnnacna

277
Phryganea minor

Platycuemis subdilatata 1°°

Thaumatoneura iuopinata (g. et sp. n.),

McLach ^^^

Trithemis rubrinervis ^^^

ORTHOPTERA.

Anisolabis annulipes ^80

Apterygida arachidis

Chelisodies morio

Dyscritina longisetosa

Forficula Lesnei 148,258

. 1- 14

Pycnoscelus indicus

ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH INSECT FAUNA BROUGHT
FORWARD IN THIS VOLUME.

HYMENOPTERA.

COLEOPTERA.

PAGE

SPECIES.

Aleocbara succicola, TAoOTS. 97

Eioinias pyrenaeus, Seifi? l^*

Homalota (Dilacra) pruinosa, Kr 274

Platystethus alutaceus. Thorns 98

Tachys pavvulus, Dej. (confirmed as

British) 21^

DIPTERA.

SPECIES.
Phorocera incerta (sp. n.), Meade 223

HEMIPTERA.
SPECIES.
Kermes variegatus, Ghneltn 267

SPECIES.

Acampsis alternipes, TTem 1^0

Allantus distinguendus, rfe S<em 210

Cilissa melanura, JVV 229

Dolerus ajriceps, r/t0J«4 210

Hedychridium coriaceum, Da/J?6 181

Mesocborus tetricus, ifoim^r 2o7

Neonurus Halidaii, ilfars/i 1^9

Polyblastus aniiulicornis, 6-iraud 160

Pseu coucolor, Da/ii6 252

Tenthredopsis nassata, L 210

spreta, iep 2l0

LEPIDOPTERA.
SPECIES.
Crambus perlellus, var. rostellus, Lah.
Platy ptilia tesseradacty la, L

25

ORTHOPTERA.
SPECIES.

Forficula Lesnei, J' Jno< 1*^

Pycnoscelus indicus, F. (introd.) 14

LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES, &c., DESCRIBED
IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.

PAGE

PAGE ljcca.x\mm ficus, Maskell, SwatotK 243

SPECIES.

Plagithmj'sus Albertisi, Sharp,

Hawaiian Islands

12

DIPTERA.
SPECIES.
Phorocera incevta, Meade, England

223

globulosum, „' Song Kong . . 243

Tiotatum, „ Japan 243

Parlatoria sinensis, „''' Song Kong .. 241

Poliaspis pini, „ Japan 242

Ripersia europsfia, Newstead, Guernsey,

Germany ... 167

tumiJa, „ Algeria ... 168

Sphserococcus grarainis, MaskeV, ""*■"

Song Kong 244

parvus, „ Japan... 244

Tylococcus madagascarieusis, Newstead,

Madagascar 166

HEMIPTERA.
GENERA.

Keemicus, Newstead 170

Tylococcus, „ 165

SPECIES.

Aonidia ela?agnus, Maskell, Japan 241

Aspidiotus implicatus, „ Formosa 241

Carcinochelis Binghami, Sharp, Surma.. 35
Ceronema japonicum, Maskell, Japan ... 243
Dactylopius hirsutus, Newstead, Somhay 166
Eriococcus exiguus, Maskell, Song Kong

and Formosa 243

gramiuis,
Fiorinia bambusse,
nephelii,

pinioola,

signata,
tenuis,

Song Kong 243

242

China, Queens-
land, Formosa 242

Song Kong,
Formosa 242

Japan 242

242

Iceiya formicanim, Netvstead, Bombay... 169
Kermicus Wroughtoni, „ „ ... 170

LEPIDOPTERA.
GENUS.
AvnoxR^EMA, Durrani 221

SPECIES.
Arhopala Brahma, Beth.-Baker, Malay

Peninsula 203

ijanensis,
gunongensis,
sangira, \

203
205
202

NEUROPTERA.

GENUS.
ThAUM ATONEUEA, ilfciac7i 130

SPECIES.

Thaumatoneura iuopiuata, McLach.,

locality uncertain 131

5 5^ "^S;

Second Series, No. 85.] tanUAET 1897-.^-^'^.. n rPMpe-Cf/.

[No. 392.] JAINUiliiX, Lovr^ -^--^^

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MOSTHLY MAGAZIIE.

EDITED BY

C. Gr. BAERETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLEE, M.A., E.L.S.
a. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, E.E.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D, F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. VIIL

[VOL. XXXIII.]

"J'engage done tous k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute aUusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus oonrtoiae "—LahoulMne.

LONDON :

GUENEY & JACKSON (Mb. Van Vooest's Successobs),
1, PATEENOSTER EOW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTEK, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

B. H. M:EBK:, Naturalist,

56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,

Supplies ^utomolosists iDltft eberg liequisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PETCED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OP STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Not, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, witli Brass Screw, 2

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints, 3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18,for Beating, &c„ 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz..

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, Igd.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16x11, 8/6 Tin Y. (id- 5 Brass Y> !/> for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
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Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
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show room for cabinets

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THE

EBTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. Or. BAEEETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, E.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, P.E.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, E.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. VIII.

[VOL. XXXIII.]

"J'engage done tous k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Laboulhene.

LONDON ;

GUENEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Sdccessoes),
1, PATEENOSTEE EOW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FEIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIKR, PRINTER, SEYJIOUIi STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

B. H. MiKEK, Naturalist,

56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.VV.,

Supplies i£utomcilogi!3t9 toitlj ebcvp Jl^equisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PETCED CATALOGUE ON EECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints, 3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18,for Beating,&c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, l^d.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16x11,8/6 Tin Y, 6d. ; Brass Y. 1/, for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage. 2/6 ; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottie, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoiine, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FORKIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Cataloi^ue on receipt of Stamp.
Entomological Cabinets, froTn Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock

show room for cabinets
Cabinets of eveet desceiption made to oedee. Estimates given.

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A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIEKCE. PRICE 6a.

" Nature " contains Oriijinal Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
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[Peice Qd.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MOBTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAERETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, F.E.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. VIII.

[VOL. XXXIII.]

"J'engage done tous k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulhene.

LONDON :

GUENET & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),
1, PATEENOSTEE EOW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE. ^^

E. H. M:EE]K, Naturalist,
56, RROMPTON ROAD, LONDO.NT, S.W.,

Supplies ISntomologists bjitlj ebei*^ J^cquisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON BECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, uheu accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints, 3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net. 26 x 1 S, for Beating, &c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/C, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box. 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/(3, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, l^d.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £i

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc (Jval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16x11, 8/6 Tin Y. 6d. ; Brass Y. 1/. for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage. 2/6 ; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready tor use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
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show room for cabinets
Cabinets of evert description made to order. Estimates given.

"NATURE,

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE 6a.

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THE

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EDITED BY

C. G. BAEEETT, F.E.S. W. W. EOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, E.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, E.E.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S. 35^^
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. VIII.

[VOL. XXXIIl.]

'-\

"J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise."— -Laboulbeme.

LONDON :

GUENEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),

1, PATEENOSTEE EOW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIKR, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

B. H. M:I5BK:, Naturalist,

56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,

Supplies ISntomologists bitj) ebeiji l^equisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PBTCED CATALOGUE ON EECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints, 3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18,for Beating,&c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz..

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, l^d.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 grosa.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £'i

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16x11, 8/6 Tin Y. 6d. ; Brass Y. 1/, for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6 ; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
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SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS

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''NATURE,

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contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the moie
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Second Series, No. 89.] yrxY 1897
[No. 396.] ^^ '

[Price 6d.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. M'LACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. VIIL

[VOL. XXXIII.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus conrioise."—Lahoulbene.

LONDON :

GURNEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Voorst's Successors),

1, PATERNOSTER ROW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTEK, SEYJIOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

E). H. IVLKHIK:, Naturalist,

56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDOX, S.W.,

Supplies ISntomolocjists Ijoitft eberp Jlrqiussitr

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PETCEB CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies'" Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints, 3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18,for Beating,&c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz..

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, l^d.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Ciiip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £'i

fmproved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, Aj, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16x11,8/6 Tin Y> Gd. ; Brass Y> 1/. for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6 ; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready tor use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Henzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRHTSH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
Entomological Cabinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS

Cabinets of every description made to order. Estimates given.

"NATURE,

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE 6<1.

" Nature" contains Oris^inal Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication atnonji men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals ; Keports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World ; and Notes ou all
matters of current scientific interest.

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO " NA'i'URK."

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0

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... 0 7

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Quarterly

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Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILLAN and CO., Ltd.
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> fy, o n-i %: -K

Second Series, No . 90.] ttjne X^: O d '± 4 [Pmce Qd.
[No. 397.] ' .,, r:-- ' ^

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZISE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLER, M.A.,F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, E.Z.S. R. M'LACHLAN, E.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, E.E.8. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGIIAM, MA., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. VIII.

[VOL. XXXIll.]

"J'engage done tous k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise."— Labowtbene.

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Voobst's Successobs),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

E. H. ]>d:H:KK:, Naturalist,
56, !'>RO\IPTON ROAD, LONDOX, S.W.,

Supplies Entomologists bjitlb ebei*^ Jaequisitc

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PBTCED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate alten'iou.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, i

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x l8,for Beating,&c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6.

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of KiHing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, l/G, 1/8, 1/10, iV 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, l^d.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £?>

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16 x 1 1, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d. ; Brass Y. 1/. for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6 ; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Henzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK
DEALER IN BRI'ITSH AND FORI'.IGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Sta up.
Entomological Cabinets, from Twelve Shillings t > Forty Guineas, kept in stock

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS

Cabinets of every description made ro ordeii. Estimates uiven.

"NATURE,

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE 6d.

" Natl'kk" contains Orit^inal Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leadinj^ Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals ; Keports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World ; and Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.

SUBSCIIIPTIONS TO "NA'PURK."

£ X. d.
Yearly 18 0

Half-yearly 0 14 6

Quarterly 0 7 6

Mone/ Orders to be made p lyable to MACMILLAN and CO,, Ltd-
Office: 29, Bedford Street, Strand, London

(To all place3 Abroad j.

£ s.

<;.

Yearly

1 10

6

Half- Yearly

0 15

6

Quarterly

0 8

0

--l^^^lVtA'

Second Series, No. 91.] ttttv ioo^t
[No. 398.] JU1.Y, 1897.

[Price Gd.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAEEETT, E.E.S. W. A\^. FOVVLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
a. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, E.E.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, E.L.S.
LOED WALSINGIIAM, M.A,, LL.D., E.E.S., &c.

SECOND SEHIES-VOL. VIII.

[VO-L. XXXIIl.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute pei-sonnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulhe^ie.

LONDON

GUENEY & JACKSON (Me. Yan Yooest's Successoes),
1, PATEENOSTEE EOW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIKR, PRIMKK, SEYilOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

E. H. M:E3d]K:, Naturalist,

56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,

Supplies ISntomologists Mt\) eberg jl^eqiusitc

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PETCED CATALOGUE OIN" RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net. 26 x 18, for Beating,&c., ()/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/(3, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz..

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, Ijd.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 grosa.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £?>

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16 x 1 1, 8/6 Tin Y, Cd. ; Brass Y. l/» for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6 ; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK
DEALER IN BRIIISH AND FORF.IGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
Entomological Cabinets, from Twelve Shillings t:) Forty Guineas, kept in stock

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS

Cabinets of every description made to order. Estimates given.

"NATURE,

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE 6d.

" Nature" contains Oritjinal Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scienti6c writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals ; Koports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World ; and Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO "NATURE."

(To all places Abroad). £ .«. d.
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Half- Yearly 0 15 6

£ s. d.

Yearly 18 0

Half-Yearly 0 14 6

Quarterly 0 7 6

Quarterly 0 8 0

Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILLA-N and CO., Ltd.
Office: 29, Bedford Street, Strand, London.

1 Second Series, No . 92.] . -rjp yrorp , oq^
! [No. 399.] AUGUST, 1897.

[Peice Gd.

THE

^-^ayvfi"^

if)

ESTOMOLOGIST'S'

'y-Nr^r

MONTHLY MAGAZIHE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAERETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, F.E.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. VIII.

[VOL. XXXIIl.]

.88

"J'engage done tous k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulbene.

LONDON :

GUENEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),

1, PATEENOSTEE EOW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRmXER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

E. H. M:H:KK:, Naturalist,

56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,

Supplies Untomolosists toitlj cbcr^ laeqiiisitc

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PRICED CATALOaUE ON" BECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive imrnediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/

Pocket Folding Net, .3 Brass Joints,;V6 & 4/6 Balloon Net. 2G x 18,for Beating,&c., 6/

Telesnope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, Gd., 1/, 1/6, cSt 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killin? Bo'c, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of KiUing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/0, 1/8 1 10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any sizo, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixei, 1/ per oz.,

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, l^d.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete,.,10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16 x 1 1, 8/6 Tin Y. Gd. ; Brass Y. V. ''"»" Cane Nets.

Breedins Cap^e. 2/6 ; with Two Compartments, 5/

Till' New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK
DEALER IN BRIITSH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
Entomological Cabinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock

show room for cabinets

Cabinets of every description made to order. Estimates given.

"NATURE,"

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIEKCE. PRICE 6d.

" Nature" contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication amon;^ men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which app.^ar in foreign journals ; Keports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World ; and Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.

SUBSCRirTiONS TO "NATUUK."

£ .<!. d.

Yearly 18 0

Half-Yearly 0 14 6

Quarterly 0 7 6

Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILLAN and CO., Ltd-
Office: 29, Bedford Street, Strand, London-

(To all places Abroad).

Yearly

Half-Yearly

Quarterly

1 10

d.
6

0 15

6

0 8

0

^ t1 6 N

'^

^'^''"flo'i'nni''^^"^ SEPTEMBER. ISST^^':; [Pbice 6d.

[No. 400.]

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAERETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. M'LACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., «fcc.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. VIIL

[vol.. XXXIII.]

" J' engage done tons a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulhene.

LONDON:

GURNET & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOPIN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEY510UR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

E. H. M:ii:E]K, Naturalist,

56, RROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,

Supplies ISntomologists iMitf) ebcc|) itequtsitc

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PETCED CATALO&UE ON EECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net. 26 x 18, for Beating,&c., 0/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, &. 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of KilUng Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, Ud, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, l^d.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y. 6d. ; Brass Y. 1/. for Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
Entomological Cabinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

show room for cabinets

Cabinets op eveet desceiption made to oedee. Estimates given.

^'NATURE,

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OP SCIENCE. PRICE 6a.

" Nature" contains Orifjinal Articles on all subjects coming within the domain ol
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals ; Koports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World ; and Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO " NA'i'URK."

£ s.

d.

fTo all places AbroculJ.

£ s.

a.

Yearly

1 8

0

Yearly

1 10

6

Half-yearly

0 14

6

Half-Yearly

0 15

6

Quarterly

... 0 7

6

Quarterly

0 8

0

Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILLAN and CO., Ltd.
Office: 29, Bedford Street, Strand, London.

071122

V^

^'^'''fSoi.f '^^"^ OCTOBER, TJST'-^ [Peice 6d.

THE

EHTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZISE.

EDITED BT

C. G. BAEEETT, E.E.S. W. W. FOWLER, M. A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. M'LACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. VIIL

[VOJL. XXXIII.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter duns leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulbenc.

LONDON :

GURNEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successors),

1, PATERNOSTER ROW.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PR1NTP:R, bEYilOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

B. EC. MiBIdjK:, Naturalist,

56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,

Supplies iSntomolosiJSts iDttlj t'ottn aaequistte

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PETCED CATALOaUE ON EECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto 7/6

Ladies^ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw 2/

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints, 3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18,for Beating, &c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/0,

Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, lOd, lid, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8 1/10. & 2/ each

Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,

Exchange Lists, Id. (Postage, l^d.)

Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gro^is.

Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6

Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.

The Entomologist's Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, ,£3

Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Dittn, covered in Green Cloth,

Book Pattern, 16x11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d. ; Brass Y, V> fo^ Cane Nets.

Breeding Cage, 2/6 ; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6

The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
Entomological Cabinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock

show room for cabinets

Cabinets op eveet desceiption made to oedek. Estimates given.

"NATURE,"

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OP SCIENCE. PRICE 6a.

" Nature" contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most endncnt scientific wntors of the day. it also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommimication anions; men ot
Science ; Accounts of tlie leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals ; ueports of ^^e PrcK-eedings o
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World; and N..te^ on all
matters cf current scientific interest.

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO " NATURK."

£ s. d. (To all places Abroad). ,^,^- '^

Yearly 18 0

H.iU- yearly 0 14 6

Quarterly 0 7 6

Yearly 110 6

Half- Yearly 0 15 6

Quarterly 0 8 0

Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILLAN and CO., Ltd-
Office: 29, Bedford Street, Strand, London.

Second Series, No. 95.] ATrv^ruA/nji?!? icn^r ' r-o i?j
r-KT Aohi JNIOViiMBLK, 1897. [Peice Ga.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BT

C. G. BAEEETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, F.E.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. VIII.

[VOL. XXXIII.]

"J' engage done tons k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus oouvtoiae."— L ah oulb en e.

LONDON :

GUENEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),
1, PATEENOSTEK EOW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

E. H. MiEKKI, Naturalist,

56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDO.NT, S.W.,

Supplies iSntomolocjists b)itlj ebcrg Jctequisitc

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PBTCED CATALO&UE ON BECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6

Ladies' Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/

Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints, 3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net. 26 x 1 8, for Beating, &c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,

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>f^7^j^;|'>^.

Second Series, Ifo. 96.] -nT^nx^^/r^^'J^--'^'

[No. 403.] DECEMBE^,-i.-8^. [Peice Qd.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BAEEETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLEE, M.A., F.L.S.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. E. M'LACHLAN, F.E.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.RS. E. SAUNDEES, F.L.S.
LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. VIIL

[VOL. XXXIll.J

"J'engage done tous h, eviter dans leure ecrits toute personnalite,
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NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON BECEIPT OF STAMP.

„ . , ■„/i t,,. Pnst nmop Order, will receive immediate attention.

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Tefesoope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 ^'^-^''}-^ ^^'ZIIbL^ .^r^ei 2/6
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Rnttle of Killing: Fluid, yd
Corked getting B.wd. 6d, 7d, M 9d, .Od, ul 1/, l/i, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8. 1/10, * V e.=h

«*»^™^.^°tu ««* f p".": FoSe, 'led, 1/ pe, 0...

Entomological Pins, any size. Gilt or Flam, 1/ P^' "'J*' ^^ v

BCHeS'S'Si";, 1/ Wmow ^'^'lii-^-^J^r- '" '""■

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Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

rupd i^igg rlirJ 'xi(\ Ai 5/ &6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,

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EXCHANGE.

Duplicates : ^gialia rnfa in exchange for other local Coleoptera. — R. Wilding,
13, Wentworth Street, Liverpool.

DupUcntes : 600 species of British Coleoptera. Desiderata: very numerous. —
A. Ford, Rosemount, Heaminglov? Eoad, Boscombe, Bournemouth.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON -Meetings for the
Session 1897-8.—
Wednesday, December Ist. 1897, and (Annual), January 19th, 1898.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

From this date the First Series of this Magazine (1864-1889) can
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May 29th, 1893.

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%* Now ready — The Exchange List and Label List compiled by Mr. Ed. Meyrick,

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ElSTTOlvdlOLOa-IO^^lL. F>iisrs.

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C O N T E N T S. PAGE

A day in Kirby's country. — Claude Morley, F.E.S 265

Kermes variegatns, Gm. : a Coccid new to Britain. — R. Newstead, F.E.S 267

Local Lists of British Lepidoptera (concluded). — C. G. Barrett, F.E.S 268

Homalota (Dilacra) pruinosa, Kraatz : an addition to the British List. — G. C.

Champion, P Z.S 274

Neuroptera observed in 1897, chiefly in the New Forest and in the Fens. — K.

J. Morton, F.E.S. 275

Hhizophagns punctulatas, Gnillebeau : synonymical note. — G. C. Champion,

F.Z.ti 278

Bagous noduloans, Gyll., at Pevensey. — PF. H. Bennett, F.E.S. 278

A note on three British Histeridse. — George Lewis, F.E.S. 278

Ilyobates glabriventris and Odontsous mobilicornis in Backs. — E. Q. Elliman... 279

Dytiscus lappoiiicus in the Island of Mull. — J.J. F. X. King, F.E.S 279

Acalla aspersana in Unst. — Id 279

Lepidoptera in south-east Dorset. — E. R Bankes, M.A., F.E.S 279

Coliaa'Edasaa.tSeaton.— Rev. A. E. Eaton, M.A., F.E.S 279

Coleophora potentillas, Stn., in Kent. — B. A. Bower, F.E.S 279

Plusia moncta, F., at Lee, Kent.— W 280

Holocentropus stagnalis, Alb., near Ipswich. —B. McLac/iZaJi, F.R.S 280

Anisolabis annulipes, Lucas, at Queenborough. — J. J. Walker, R.N., P.L.S. 280

Crabro nphidum, Lep., in Ireland — Percy E. Freke 280

Nomada guttulata, Schenck, at Ipswich. — Claude Morley, F.E.S 280

Notes on rare Diptera in tho Now Forest in 1897.— F. C. Adams, F.E.S 280

Obituary. — Joseph William Dunning, M. A., F.L.S., &o... 281

Gapt. Edward Yerburg Watson, F Z.S., &c 283

Morris Young, F.E S. 283

Ker. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M. A., F.G.S 283

Society. — Entomological Society of London 264

Title Page, Index, &c i — xiv

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TUESDAY, DECEMBER l-lxii.— BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.

|\fR. J. C. 8TEVENS will Sell the above by Auction at his Great
•''-'- Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, on Tuesday, Decembkk 11th, at
half-past 12 precisely, the remaining portion of the Valuable Collection of British
Ijepidoptera formed by the late J. B. Hodgkinson, Esq., F.E.S., comprising part of
the TineiB, the Pterophorida) and duplicate specimens ; also the Collection formed
by the Rev. A. Watthkws, of Gumley ; and other Collections, Books, Cabinets, &c.
On view the day prior, 10 till 4, and Morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.