).',^

THE*

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

CONDUCTED BY __J

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S. ^

W. W. FOWLEE, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

G. T. POERITT, F.L.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.R.S.

J. J. WALKER, M.A., R.N., F.L.S.

LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

SECOND SEEIES-VOL. XVII,

[VOL. XLII.]

" To the attentive eye, each moment of the year has its own beauty.
The tribes of birds and insects, like the plants, punctual to their time,
follow each other, and the year has room for all." — Emerson.

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mb. Yan Yooest's Successoes),

10, PATERNOSTER ROW.

1906.

LONDON

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE, N.W.

MDCCCCVl.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XVII.

[VOLUME XLII].
THE COLEOPTjERA OF LUNDY ISLAND.

BY NORMAN H. JOT, M.R.C.S., F.E.S.

Lundy Island was first visited by a Coleopterist in June, 1844,
when Mr. YV^oUaston stayed for five days on the island and collected
sixty-five species (Zoologist, vol. iii, p. 897) ; among these were two
of special interest, PsylUodes luridipennis, Kuts., and Ceuthorrliynchus
contractus, v. paJlipes, Crotch, two forms which had not occurred else-
where. AVollaston again made an excursion to the island in July,
1845, stopping nearly a week, and adding eighty-eight species to his
list (Zoologist, vol. V, p. 1753). In the Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. vi, p.
134, Mr. E. Smith gives a description of two short visits in August,
1864, in quest chiefly of ir?/?«e?2op^6'rff, enumerating eight more species
of Coleoptera ; and, again, in Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xi, p 111, the same
author records the capture in August, 1874, of twenty-two additional
species, thus making a total of 183 species. I find, however, that Mr.
Smith has made several mistakes in recording a species a second time,
and Mr. Wollaston has marked some of his with a ?, so that the com-
plete list should only amount to 164. Considering the shortness of
the expeditions made by Wollaston and Smith, and the number and
interest of their captures, it is surprising that there is no record of
the island having been searched for Coleoptera during the last thirty
years ; and it was on this account that I determined to make a short
stay there last August, hoping to add a few more species to the local
list ; nor was I disappointed, as out of 164 species collected in a little
over two days ninety- seven are new to the list. One of these,
MelanophtTialma distinguenda, Com., has not before been recorded
from Britain, and another I here describe as a new^ variety under the
name IStenus ossium, v. insularis, var. n.
'aet, 1906.

n [January,

Liincly Island, situated off the north coast of Devon, is distant
about fourteen miles from Hartland Point, and thirty/ from the Welsh
coast. It is an isolated rock of granite, some 3| miles long by half a
mile broad, rising more than 400 ft. directly from the sea. It is almost
treeless, the vegetation consisting chiefly of heather, grass, bramble and
bracken, usually the most unproductive ground for Coleoptera. There
are a few boggy places, which, however, were nearly dried up m
August, and several ponds of clear water in the rock which harboured
a good number of water beetles. Exposed as the island is to the full
force of the Atlantic Ocean one must expect a rough passage out to
it, and consider himself lucky if he can leave on the day appointed.
There is only one landing place, a little bay well sheltered from the
prevailing SW. winds, but fully exposed to the east, so that a change
of wind may mean a delay of many days in getting off. Indeed
there are tales of excursionists being detained even for weeks !

I found beetles extraordinarily plentiful both in species and in-
dividuals, and nowhere more so than on the western cliffs, where
Wollaston says that the continual south-westerly gales seem to be
inimical to all life but biul-life. I passed a whole day in exploring
about half a mile of this coast, and spent most of the time on the
very edge of the cliff while examining the roots of grass and plants.
This was most fascinating collecting ; beetles were everywhere, and
everything had to be bottled ; and when one found time to rest for a
moment it was to glance downwards at the Atlantic waves breaking
against great granite rocks four hundred feet directly below, or to
occasionally watch a fine buzzard or peregrine falcon sail by on out-
stretched wings. The almost dried up carcase of a sheep that had
fallen into a crevice in the rock near here was a lucky find. Several
species new to the island were shaken out of the wool and bones,
including Clamhus pubescens, Eedt., and Gercyon terminatus, Marsh.

Examining grass and moss in an ordinary grazing meadow was
most productive, and about two hours were thus spent on the last
day when sitting under a wall to get out of the rain, anxiously waiting
for the excursion steamer from Ilfracombe to come in sight. I had
no time to explore the north end of the island, where, however, the
land is very bare. The cliffs on the east side are not nearly so steep
as on the west, and are covered with very thick vegetation. I was
somewhat surprised at taking Apteropeda orhiculata, Marsh., and
JEncephalus complicans, Westw., by sweeping here in the morning.

The local Fsylliodes and Ceutlwrrhynclius were feeding in some

1906.] 3

numbers on the wild cabbage, which seems only to grow at the south-
east corner of the island. The Ceutliorrliynclius I found was accom-
panied by the type form, seven specimens belonging to the type out
of thirty-four taken. It is curious to note that just two-thirds of
my specimens w^ere maimed in some way, one antenna or a tarsus
being often missing.

"Wollaston remarks on the fact that none of the characteristic
beetles of the North Devon coast are found on the island, and many
species occur on Lundy which are absent from the neighbouring
Devonshire coast. This is not so surprising w^hen we consider how
very different the two coasts are geologically. There is no sand on
Lundy Island, and no granite on the North Devon coast. He suggests
that the Coleopterous fauna more nearly resembles that of the Welsh
coast (where, however, granite does not occur either) ; and he in-
stances the abundance of Cteniopus sulplmreus, L., in both localities.
I only had two days' collecting on the North Devon coast, so can
form no opinion on this point, but it is just worth recording that I
found the somewhat local Falagria tJioracica^ Curt., very common both
on Lundy and at Woolacombe. Since waiting the above I have had
the opportunity of seeing the MS. of the Devonshire list of Coleopfera,
and I find there are twenty-four species recorded from Lundy Island
which are not recorded from the rest of the county.

Lundy Island is evidently an exception to the rule that the insect
life on an island is poorer both in individuals and in species than the
adjoining mainland, for I do not think I have ever seen beetles more
numerous. There must be exceptional conditions prevailing to account
for its possessing two species not found elsewhere in the British
Islands, and two distinct varieties peculiar to it, and also for this
reason it is probable that it has for a very long time been separated
from the mainland. The climate no doubt is very favourable, being
even more equable than on the north coast of Devon, and it has a
considerably less rainfall. As might almost be expected, the Phyto-
phaga are on the whole abnormally small ; all my specimens of
Crepidodera ferruginea, Scop., belong to a distinctly small race.

As Wollaston's Lundy list of Coleoptera is not easily accessible,
and as so many of the names are now obsolete, I have thought it best
to give a complete list of the Coleojptera of the island, marking my
own captures not included in Wollaston's and Smith's lists with an *
I have little doubt there is still a large number of species to be
discovered.

A2

^ [January,

I have to tbaok Canon Fowler for mueli help in the identification
of many of my specimens, and Mr. Tomlin for working out Wollas-
ton's old names.

Cicindela campestris, L, ; Carahns gramdatus, L., C. nemoralis, Miill. ; *Notio.
philus higuttatus, F., *N. substriafuf;, Wat., N. aqnaticus, L. ; Nehria hrevicollis,
F. ; Badiater hipudulatus, F. ; *Bradycellus harpalinus, Dj. ; ^Rarpalua rufi-
harhis, F,, *H. rufioornis, F., S. seneus, F., *II. ruhripes, Duft., H. latus, L., *H.
tardus, Pz., H. honestus, Duft. ; Anisodactylus hinotatus, F. ; PteroaticJius versi-
color, Stm., P. madidus, F., P. vulgaris, L., P. nigrifa, F., P. strenuus, Pz., *P. striola,
F. ; *Jniara tibialis, Pk., ^. trivialis, Gyll., ^. contlnua, Th., ^. plebeia, Gryll. ;
Calathus cisteloides, Pz., C. melanocephalus, L. ; AneJionienus albipes, F., ^. viduus,
Pz. ; Olisthopus rotundatua, Pk. ; *Bembidinm lampros, Hbst. ; Trechus lapidosns,
Daws.. T'. minutus,¥. ; Demetrias atrioapillus, Tj. ; Dromius linearis, 01., *D.nigri-
ventris, Th. ; Metabletus foveola, Gyll. ; Halipliis lineatocollis, Marsh. ; *Lacco-
philus ohscuriis, Pz. ; *lIi/droporus gi/llenhali, Schiod., *iZ^. palustris, L., ^. er^;/-
throcephalus, L., if. rufifrons, Duft., i7. memnonius, Nic, jff^. planus, F. ; Agabus
nebulosus, Forst., ^. chalconotus, Pz., ^. bipustnlatus, L- ; *Acilius sulcattis, L. ;
*IIydrobius fuscipes, L. ; ^Anacsena limbata, F. ; ^HelocTiares punctatus, Shp. ;
Laccobius mimitus, L. ; Berosux luridus, L. (?) ; Limnebius truncatellus, Thunb. ;
Helophorus aquaticus, L., if. xneipennis, Th., iZ". brevipalpis, Bed ; ^Sphseridium
hipustulatum, F. ; Cercyon littoralis, Gyll., C. hxmorrhoidalis, F., *C. unipunctatus,
L., *C. terminatus, Marsh., *C. analis, Pk. ; Megasternnm boletophagum, Marsh. ;
Aleochara fuseipes, F., *^. cuviculorum, Kr., ^. lanuginosa, Gr., *^. succicola, Th.,
A. nitida, Gr., ^. ^nsea, Kr. ; *Jlfifro_9'?o«.ya ^M^wra/?.?, Sahib. ; Drusilla canalicu-
lata, F. ; ^Homalota circellaris,Gr., *II. analis, Gr., *II. trinotata,Xr.,*ff. sericea,
Muls., *-2". atr anient aria, Gyll., *^. sordida, M&rsh., *JE[. fungi, Gr. ; *Gnypeta
labilis, Er. ; *Falagriathoracica, Curt. ; * JSncephalus complicans, Westw.; *Oligota
punctulata, ^eer ; Tachyporus obtusus, Jj., *T.formosus, Mat., T. solutus, Er.,*T.
chrysomelinus, L., ^^T. humerosus, Er., 2". hypnorum, F., *r. pusillus, Gr., T.
brunneus, F. ; *TacMnus rufipes, De G.,. *P. marginellus, F. ; Quedius tristis, Gr.,
Q. rufipes, Gr., Q. boops, Gr. ; Ocypiis olens, Miill., O. cupreus, Eoss., *0. ater, Gr.,
O. compressus , Marsh. ; Philonthus intermedius, Bois., *P. xneus, Koss., *P. poiitus,
¥., *P. varius, Gyll., *P. cephalotes, Gr., *P. cruentatus, Gmel., P. varians, Pk.,
*P. agilis, Gr., *P. trossulus, Nord. ; Cafius xantholoma, Gr. ; Xantholinus glabratus,
Gr., X. linearis, 01. ; Sfenus .speculator, Lac, *yS. ossium, var. insularis, var. nov.,
(S. impressus. Germ., **?. latifrons, Er, ; Oxytelus complanatus, Er., *0. tetracarin-
atus, Block ; Homaliuni rivulare, Pk., *^. allardi, Fairm., *ir. excavatum, Steph.,
*£". striatum, Gr. ; *Clambus pubescens, Redt. ; Necrophorus humator, Goez., iV.
t>es^^^a^or, Hers. ; ^^S^7j9Aa tristis. 111.; *Choleva watsoni, Spence ; *Scydmsenus
collaris, Miill. ; *Ptenidium nitidum, Heer ; *Subcoccinella 2'i-punctata, L. ; Coc-
cinella ll-punctata, L., *C. T -punctata, L. ; Hyperaspis reppensis, Hbst. ; Scymnus
suturalis, Thunb., ^iS". testaceus. Mots. ; *Rhizobius lHura, F. ; ^Mycetsea hirta.
Marsh. ; Orthocerus niuticus, L. ; ^Sister cadaverinus, Hoff. ; Brachypterus pu-
bescens, Er., 5. urticx, F. ; Cercus rufilabris, Lat. ; lEpurxa xstiva, L. ; *Omosita
colon, L. ; Meligethes viridescens, F., iLf. lugubris, Stm., *Jbr. obscurus, Er. ; *Coni-
nomus nodifer, Westw. j *Enicmus minutus, L., ^. transversus, 01. j Corticaria

1906.]

crenulata, GryW. ; MelanophthaJma gibhosa, Hbst, *M. distingue ada, Com., *M.
/uscula,^mx^.; *Crgptophagus setuloms, SUn., *C. qffinis, Stm. ; *Micramhe vini,
Pz. ; Atomaria fuscdpes, GylL, *A. munda, Ev., A. atricapiUa, Steph., *A. hero-
linensis, Kr., *A. apicalis, Er. ; *J£phistemu.s ggrinoides, Marsh. ; Bt/rrhus pilula,
L. ; Farnus prolifericornis, F. ; ^Aphodius erraticas, L., A. fossor, L., A. ater,
De a., *A. rufipes, L. ; Geotrupes typhceus, L , *(?. s^ercorariws, L., O. sylmticus,
Pz. ; >Ser/ca hrunnea, L. ; Ce^o«m aur«iJ«, L. ; Lacon murinus, L. ; Melanotus
rufipes, Hbst. ; Adrastus limbatus, F. ; .-i^rio/e* sputator, L., ^. ZJ«ea^M5, L. ; Do-
lopius marginatus, L. ; Corgmbites holosericeus, F. ; Telephorus hxmorrhoidalis,
F. ; Rhagonycha testacea, L. ; Pdlothrix nohilis, 111. ; P^^/inws pec^mtcor«i>, L. ;
*Lema melanopa, L ; Cryptocephalus fulims, Goez. ; Chrysomela hanJcsi, F., C.
t,aria«., Schal., C. %pe>vci, Forst. ; *PA^io;* tumidulus, aerm. ; Longitarsus
luridus, Scop., X. melanocephalus, De G., L.femoralis, Marsh., *X. ^m«7^m*, Gyll.,
i.. ^a6«?z^s, F , *Z.. jacoicc^^E, Wat., *L. gracilis, Kuts., ii. Zajm"*, Diift. ; Haltica
oleracea, L. ; Phyllotreta atra, Pk. ; Sphseroderma cardui, ayll. ; Apteropeda
orbiculata,Mavsh.; 3Iantnra chrysanihemi, Koch ; Crepidoderaferruginea, Scop.;
*C;ia?^oc/iema /^or^e«^i.s, Yoxxvc. ; *Plectroscelis concinna,U^v^h.', PsyUiodes luridi-
permis, Kuts., *P. ««i9^ Eoch, P. dulcamara^,Koch,'^P. chaleomera^lW.; Selops
striatus,¥onvc.', Cistela murina,L.', Cteniopus sulphureus,h.; Meloe proscarabcBUS,
L. ; Khynchites minutus, Hbst. ; ^Apion cruentatum, Walt., A, hxmatodes, Kirb.,
^. rufiroslre, F., 4. ajorican^, Hbst., *4. bohemani, Th., .4. nigritarse, Kirb., .4.
^«e«»z, F., ^. raciioZM^, Kirb., A. carduorum, Kirb., ^. striatum, Kirb., ^. scw^e^-
^are, Kirb., A. marchicum, Hbst., ^. violaceum, Kirb., .4. AetmiZe, aerm. ; Otiorrhyn-
chus lign^us, 01., *0. sulcatus, F., 0. rngifrons, Gyll. ; Strophosomus retusus,
Marsh. ; Polydrusus chrysomela, 01. : *Philopedon geminatus, F. ; Si^one* ^i^;?i-
cZmZm*, i ., -S. flavescens. Marsh., -S. puncticollis, Staph., <S. sulcifrons, Thunb. ;
JBT^^^em jo'M^c^a^a, F., *^. i^oZj^^owi, L. ; Tychius lineatulus, Steph., T. ^omenZo.sM^,
Hbst.; Miccotrogus picirostris.Y.', Sibinia primita, Uhst. ; Anthonomus comari,
Crotch; *Mecinus pyraster, Hbst.; OroiiYis cyaneus, L. ; Co^Z/orfes quadrimacu-
latus,L.', Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Pk., C. eWca^, Gyll., C. erysimi,F., C. con-
tractus, Marsh., and v. pallipes, Crotch, (7. quadridens, Pz. ; CeuthorrhyncUdius
troglodytes, F., C. dawsoni, Bris.

Description of /S^efiz^s ossium, v. insularis, var. nov.f
This variety differs from the type form in being decidedly smaller, narrower, and
more shining ; the elytra especially are narrower in proportion to the thorax, and
have the depressions much less marked ; the punctuation of the thorax, elytra,
and hind body is not quite so thick ; and the femora have the ring of black less
developed.

Bradfield, Reading :

December, 1905.

t T did not take the type form on the island.

Q [January,

NOTES ON TORTRIX PRONUBANA, Hb.
33T EUSTACE E. BANKES, M.A., F.E.S.

At the request of Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher, who has most gene-
rously added to my collectiou the example of Tortrix pronuhana re-
corded by him in Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, xvi, 276 (1905), I append
some information about this handsome species, which may be readily
recognised by the rich orange colour of the hind-wings. These
notes are mainly an abridgement from the more detailed account of
it given by Milliere in his " Iconographie et Description de Chenilles
et Lepidopteres Inedits," i, pp. 382-5 (1859), but the description of
the imago (J*) is made from the Bognor specimen.

IMAGO.

(J. Exp. al., 15-7 mm. Antennae moderately ciliated, dark brown, annulated
■with whitish, with a wliitish lateral stripe from base to apex externally. Head and
thorax dark red-brown. Fore-wings rich brownish-grey with two oblique dark red-
brown fasciae, one stretching from the middle of the costa, where it is narrowest, to
the tornus, above which it unites with the other, which extends broadly along the
termen, being widest on the costa, and obscurely reticulated with bluish-grey ;
dorsum dark red-brown towards the middle ; cilia ochreous-red, more red at the
base, but blackish-grey at the tornus. Hind-ioings rich orange, with a broad black
marginal line, and some scattered black scales ; cilia orange, with a deep orange
basal line dusted with black along the middle. Underside of both fore- and hind-
wings rich orange, with the dorsum and lower half of the termen of the former
broadly blackish-brown, this colour stretching far up the wing above the tornus ;
cilia of all the wings rich orange, slightly deeper at the base, but blackish-brown at
the tornus of the fore-wing. Abdomen black, ringed with ochreous ; anal tuft orange.
The 9 J according to Milliere, is a little larger than the ^ > and is paler, es-
pecially on the fore-wings, on the under-sides of which the dorsal margins, instead of
being broadly black, are merely tinged with dark grey.

Von Heinemann (Schmet. Deutsch. u. d. Schweiz, Kleinschmet.,
B. i, H. i, pp. 37 — 8) says that the ground-colour of the fore-wings
varies from ochre-yellow to cinnamon-brown, and I gather that their
markings are also rather variable.

LARYA.
Fusiform, wholly green. Dorsal area, between the subdorsal lines, from the
2nd to the 10th segment, dark green. Lateral area, between the subdorsal and
the spiracular lines, glaucous-green. The spiracular line alone is well defined ; it is
broad, continuous, wavy, and yellowish-green. Ventral surface inclining to bluish.
Head large, heart-shaped, testaceous, bordered with brown from cheek to cheek.
Ocelli large, black. Prothoracic plate with three cuneiform spots pointing for-
wards. Spiracles minute, white, black-ringed. Trapezoidals pale green, fairly
distinct. Hairs long, whitish. Legs and prolegs greenish (Milliere's description
condensed) .

190(5.]

The larva, whicli hatches out about the end of November, feeds at
first on the parenchyma of a tender leaf, resting beneath it during
the day, and after the second or third moult it, devours all the edible
parts of the leaves, spinning them together and living between them.
It grows slowly during the winter, becoming full-fed in February or
March, when it pupates, either amongst moss, or between the united
leaves of its food-plant. It is polyphagous, and has been found
on AristolocUa (spp. var.), Arbutus unedo, Asphodelus racemosus^ Bos-
marinus officinalis. Euphorbia (spp. var.), Thymus vulgaris Bobinia
pseudacacia, Bhus coriaria, Pistacia lentiscus, Passerina thymel^a,
and in great abundance on Smilax aspera : these plants represent no
less than seven distinct Natural Orders, viz., AristolochiacecB, Ericace^,
LiliacecB, LabiatcB.EuphorbiacecB, LeguminoscB, Anacardtacece, and Ihy-
meleacece ! Milliere says that 75 °/, of his larv^ yielded the Dipterous
parasite, Morinia bigoti, Mill.

PUPA.
Elongated, entirely black, slightly lustrous, with the abdominal segments
showing a roughened surface, and the anal extremity blunt, rather raised, and armed
with minute hooks (Milliere).

The moth emerges, in Southern Europe, from the middle of Feb-
ruary to the end of April. One can only suppose that Mr. Fletcher s
capture is a representative of a second generation, although Milliere
doubted whether the insect had more than one brood, even m the
South of France. He mentions that T. pronubana is exclusively
southern, and, in the well-known " Catalog " by Staudinger and Kebel
(1901) where it follows viridana, it is given as an inhabitant ot
Southern Europe, North- West Africa, and Asia Minor. The occur-
rence of this species in England is, therefore, all the more remarkable,
and leads one to suppose that it must have been more or less
recently imported from the " sunny south " with plants, and to hope
that it will succeed in permanently establishing itself with us.

Norden, Corfe Castle :

November Qth, 1905.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE.

When writing the above, I had forgotten some interesting notes on this species
by the Rev. F. E. Lowe, published in Ent. Rec., xii, 316-7 (1900). In Guernsey
^ Mr Lowe finds the moth abundant in September amongst Euonymus {japomcus?,
Nat. Ord. Celastrine., E. R. B.), on which it is clear that the larva there feeds.
The males fly from 8-10 a.m. in bright sunshine, but the females are very lethargic.
The egcs are vivid green, and laid on the leaves in patches. In Ent. Rec, xvn, 340,
where The capture of a specimen at Eastbourne, by Mr. H. Cooper, last autumn is
mentioned, Mr. Tutt states that T. pronubana is double-brooded in the south o
France, and this is doubtless the case elsewhere. It may have reached England
with plants from the Channel Islands.-E. R. B. : December ISth, 1905.

Q I January,

ON THE BRITISH SPECIES OF HYDROTMA, Dsv.
BY PEECY H. GRIMSHAW, F.E.S.
(^Continued from Vol. XLI, p. 245).

8. — II. ARMIPES, Fin. Male : Eyes bare, contigTioun, arista slightly and
gradually thickened at base, practically bare. Thorax hluiah-hlacJc, shining, but
not highly polished, shoulders dusted with greyish. Abdomen covered with a
usually dense yellowish-grey or bluish-grey tomentum, base of 1st segment and a
tapering dorsal stripe black. Front femora on the ventral surface near the base
with about a dozen very peculiar and characteristic bristles, which are stout, with
an enlarged and truncated apex, and arranged roughly in two rows, the two nearest
base much the longest and stoutest. Middle femora on basal half of ventral sur-
face with about four bristles similar to the last. Hind femora on ventral surface
with a single median strong spine, with an enlarged and truncated apex like those
on the other femora ; hind tibias with an antero-rentral row of about eight eX'
tremely long and fine hairs, which are regularly disposed, and occupj'the apical half, I
ventral surface with a row of very short fine hairs in apical two-thirds, and an
ante-median tuft of about a dozen very long and fine bristles. Wings hyaline or '
slightly tinged with yellowish-brown, calyptra slightly tinged with yellow, halteres
black. Size, 5 — 6 ram.

Female : Frons blacJc, ocellar triangle cinereous, slightly shining, but not
polished. Thorax cinereous, vei^y slightly shining, in front with a trace of two
blackish lines. Abdomen uniformly cinereous and slightly shining. Front femora
with a complete row of seven to nine postero-ventral bristles. Middle femora with
a row of five to six ventral bristles near base ; tibias with two posterior bristles at
about one-fourth and one-half from apex respectively. Hind femora as in ^ ,
except that the ventral spine is absent ; tibias with two dorsal bristles, one sub-apical
and the other about the middle, bXso one antero-ventral uxeAva-n bristle a little longer
than the latter, and slightly nearer the apex. Wings more hyaline thaii in J ,
calyptra hardly tinged with yellowish.

Appears to be common and widely distributed. I have seen
specimens from many parts of the country, from Eastbourne to the If
Forth district, and Mr. Verrall records it as far north as Inverness, i'
The dates range from May 6th to October 27th. I received four
females from Mr. Verrall, two of which were sent as meteorica^ L.,
and one as alhipuncta^ Ztt. After comparing these with a female j
taken in cop. by Dr. J. H. Wood I found that they belonged to the 11
present species, and my opinion was confirmed by the use of Stein's
paper. From alhipuncta, Ztt., the female may be distinguished by its
dark halteres, and from meteorica, L., by the characters given in
the key.

9. — H. ALBIPUNCTA, Ztt. {fasciculata, Meade). Male : Eyes bare, contiguous j
arista slightly thickened at base, only slightly pubescent or almost bare. Thorax
shining black, shoulders iohitish-cinereous. Abdomen bluish-cinereous toith a distinct

1906.] 9

black dorsal stripe. Front femora on ventral surface with four to five strong spines
near base, their apices blunt and very slightly enlarged. Middle femora with two
to three strong ventral spines near base, similar to those on the front femora. Hind
femora about the middle of the ventral surface with a pair of closely applied spines
as long as the greatest breadth of the femora, and veith blunt apices ; hind tibiae
on the ventral surface with short fine hairs in apical two-thirds, and about the
middle a characteristic tuft of three or four strong bristles, which converge at the
apex, and are about three times as long as the tibia is broad. Wings tinged with
yeilowish-brotvn ; calyptra sometimes faintly tinged with yellow, halteres brownish-
yellow. Size, 4 — 5^ mm.

Female : Frons a^id ocellar triangle dark slaty-grey, not shining. Thorax
blackish-cinereous, slightly shining, with a faint indication in front of three narrow
blackish stripes, shoulders light cinereous. Abdomen cinereous, with the faintest
trace of a dark dorsal stripe. Middle femora as in the preceding species ; middle
tibix with tivo posterior bristles, at one-fourth and one-half from apex respectively,
and one anterior bristle at about one-third from apex. Hind femora as in ^ , ex-
cept that the ventral spines are absent ; hind tibiae with a single subapical dorsal,
one median antero-dorsal, and one to iioo post-median antero-ventral bristles. Wings
quite hyaline, calyptra as in J , halteres brownish-yellow, and even lighter than in J .

Of this species I have examined eighteen males and one female.
It appears to be widely distributed but not common. The single
female was taken in cop. by Dr. J. H. Wood in his garden at Tar-
rington, May 18th, 1902, and this sex was previously unknown. The
males were taken chiefly in the South of England, e. g., Ivybridge,
Newmarket (Yerrall) ; Hay, Torcross (Yerbury) ; Felden, Herts
(Piffard) ; one Ilkley (Meade), and one Burley-in- Wharf edale, York-
shire (P. H. Gr.) ; and lastly, one in Arran (Yerrall), which is the
only Scotch specimen I have seen. Yerrall gives Tongue in Suther-
land as a locality. The dates range from May 9th to October 10th.

10. — H. MILITARIS, Mg. {impexa,'Lvi.). Male: Eyes bare, contiguous, arista.
distinctly pubescent, very slightly and gradually thickened towards base. Thorax,
including shoulders, deep shining black, with hardly a trace of tomentum. Abdo-
men bluish-cinereous, base of 1st segment and a slender dorsal stripe blackish, the
latter sometimes only indicated by a brownish streak. Front femora with a row of
about a dozen very strong postero-ventral bristles in basal half. Middle femora
with a series of about six very strong sub-basal bristles on the anterior edge of ven-
tral surface, and co-extensive with these about the same number of smaller and
weaker spines on posterior edge of same surface ; those of anterior row stand on
little warts or bosses, which are very prominent and characteristic. Middle tarsus
with a fringe of long, wavy hairs at the apex of 3rd, and on the whole of the last two
segments. Hind femora on the postero-ventral surface with a dense row of short
fine hairs near base, and two very long and fine hairs at one-third and two-thirds
from base respectively. Hind tibix with three to four long antero-ventral bristles
in apical half. TFings hyaline, or slightly tinged with brownish, posterior transverse

[January,

10

vein unusually long, quite straight, and rather oblique, a little more than its own
lencrth from the middle transverse vein, so that the last two sections of the 4th
longitudinal vein are of approximately equal length Aeross the end of the discal
ce\\i^^ dusky patch of microscopic hairs, which is characteristic of this species.
This patch is continued across the 5lh longitudinal vein almost to the land margin
of the wing, and its inner edge runs exactly parallel to the posterior transverse
vein. Calyptra with the margin of the lower scale strongly tinged with orange.
Salteres with blackish head and lighter stem. Size, 5^—6^ mm.

Female : Frons dull black, or sometimes with a slight reddish-brown tinge
behind the antenna, usually with a very slight greyish tomentum when viewed
from the front; ocellar triangle and orbits shining, but not conspicuously so.
Thorax black and polished, unicolorous, shoulders slightly greyish. Abdomen uni-
formly blackish-cinereous, but apical segment lighter, being covered with cinereous
tomentum. Front tibiae with a subapical dorsal bristle, and a small antero-dorsal
bristle at or a little beyond middle. iMiddle tibi^ with one small antero-dorsal
bristle at one-fourth from apex, three about equidistant postero-dorsal bristles, and
one ventral bristle at about one-fourth from apex. Hind femora on postero-ventral
surface with a few short hairs at base and apex, and ttvo long, fine hairs as in S , but
not quite so conspicuous ; hind tibise with one subapical dorsal, two antero-dorsal,
and two postero-dorsal bristles, a dense series of tiny postero-dorsal bristles near
apex as in (J , and two to three antero- ventral bristles in middle portion. Wings as
in $ ,hxxt posterior transverse vein is upright, not oblique, and shorter, patch of
microscopic hairs absent ; last section of 4th longitudinal vein a little longer than
penultimate. Calyptra and halteres as in $ .

A very distinct and tolerably common species. 1 have seen over
sixty specimens, from localities ranging from Devonshire and the New
Forest to Golspie, and bearing dates from June 8th to August 20th.
It was also taken by Haliday in Ireland.

11.— H. TUBBKCULATA, Rond. Male: Eyes bare, contiguous ; arista slightly
pubescent and thickened at the base. Thorax blue-black and polished. Abdomen
hlue-blach when seen from behind with a very slight tomentum, which leaves an
indistinct central dorsal stripe, which is broad on the 2nd segment and much nar-
rower on the 3rd. Front femora with two rather inconspicuous teeth, the anterior
one bifid at the tip ; front tibia: with a fringe of fine and short postero-ventral hairs
in apical half. Middle tibix with two to three postero-dorsal bristles in apical half,
middle third oi anterior surface with a regular fringe of short erect h^iv^, posterior
surface fringed in its apical three-fourths with regular fine hairs, which are slightly
recumbent, as long as the postero-dorsal bristles, and nearly twice the length of the
hairs in the anterior fringe. Eind femora with a row of antero-ventral bristles, of
which about /j;e to six nearest the apex are very long and conspicuous, the rest ex-
tremely short ; hind tibise with one long dorsal bristle at one-third from apex and
one small one quite near apex, one antero-dorsal, and one anterior^ristle about
middle. Wings usually with a strong brotonish-yellow tinge, last section of 4th
longitudinal vein usually three times as long as the penultimate, calyptra brownish-
yellow^ halteres blackish. Size, 5— 5i mm.

1906.] ] X

Female : From deep black, with only a slight trace of greyish touientum ;
ocellar triangle and orbits shining ; sides of face black and highlij polished opposite
base of antennae, below dull with grey tomentum. Thorax black, more highly
polished than in the male. Abdomen shining black, not so bluish as in the male.
Middle tibix with two to three postero-dorsal bristles in apical half. Hind femora
with five or six long antero-ventral bristles in apical half; hind tibiss with one
dorsal bristle at one-third from apex, two antero-dorsal bristles, one of which is
subapical and the other about the middle, and one antero-ventral bristle about the
middle. Wings hyaline, venation as in male ; calyptra clearer than in male ;
hal teres blackish.

This interesting species, which has not hitherto been recognised
as British, was sent to me in both sexes by Dr. J. H. Wood and Mr.
C. W. Dale. By the former it has been taken at Ashpertou Park,
Shobdon Marsh, Woolhope and Stoke Wood (all, I believe, in Here-
fordshire) ; while the latter sent me specimens from Glanvilies
Wootton, Chichester and Charmouth, some of which were taken no
less than fifteen years ago ! The dates of capture range from May to
September 24th.

{To be continued).

Notes on Irish Coleoptcra. - While spending a holiday last June at Rosses
Point, Sligo, I had the pleasure of capturing four beetles which are new to the Irish
list. These are : Pkilonthus lepidus, G-rav., Steaus incrassatus, Er., Platystethus
capito, Heer, and Saprinics immimdus, Gryll. ; the first and last were captured in
stercore bovino, the other two crawling on the sand among herbage. There is a fine
stretch of sandhills at Rosses Point with a level plain behind, where were numerous
suitable spots for Bledius. Of this genus I obtained five species, viz., arenarius,
Payk. ; pallipes, G-rav., fuscipes, Rye, longulus, Er., and erraticus, Er., but none
were in any profusion except arenarivLs ; Dyscldrius politus, Dej., and D. glohosus,
Herbst, were plentiful, and I also obtained a few D. impunctipennis, Daws. Mrs.
Johnson came upon a couple of Tachypus pallip)es, Duft., one afternoon ; we
returned to the spot sevei-al times before we really got at them, and then we found
plenty, both there, t.e., on the headland at Drumcliff Bay, and in a depression among
the sandhills. I think they were only emerging, for many of those taken were
somewhat immature. They were not easy to detect, from their habit of sitting quite
still beside a stone under a plant. I took a single example of Xantholinus crihri-
pennis, Fauvel, in stercore bovi^io ; in fact Staphylinids were mostly thus met with ;
seaweed was a complete failure. Aphodii were pretty plentiful, but as on a former
occasion I could only get one of A. fastens, ¥., while A. pusillus, Herbst, was plenti-
ful, and I got a good supply of them ; of the others I need only mention A. scybala-
rius, F., and A. depressus, Kug. Longitarsus lasvis, Duft., was taken in some
numbers by sweeping among ragwort, &c. Mrs. Johnson took a specimen of
Nacerdes melannra, Schmidt, but as she supposed it to be merely an extra-sized
Telephorus fulvus, she neglected to secure more examples.

[January,

12

Rhynchophora were not at all well represented. I had hoped to meet with
the large white form of Philopedon ge7nmat'us,¥., but could only find a few of the
type ; no others need be mentioned but Sitones grisevs, F. It will be noticed that
I have not mentioned any water beetles, and this for the very good reason that
they were almost unrepresented, none bul the commonest species were taken, and
these not in any number. Evidently they were in the larva or pupa stage, most
likely the latter, for I saw hardly any larva.. The locality is one which I am satis-
fied would repay further search ; owing probably to the cold,late, wet sprmg. insects
were late, and not at all abundant.

Among some beetles sent to me by a friend from Wexford was a specimen of
Psederus caligatus, Er., a species not hitherto recorded from Ireland.

My captures at home have not proved of any interest, and a day at Lough
Neagh proved most disappointing, not even my old friend PelopUla turning up,
though I think Mrs. Johnson and I turned every stone that could possibly have
concealed it. I have to thank Mr. J. J. Walker for kind help with some of my
Sligo captures.-W. V. Johnson, Acton Glebe, Poyntzpass : November 1th, 190o.

Farther records of some Suffolk Coleoptera.-Smce the publication in 1899 of
Mr. Morley's " Coleoptera of Suffolk." I have had few opportunities of working up
the fauna of the county, but sundry visits of a day or so brought to light, inter aha,
the following species ; those marked * are additions to the county list, the others
being noted because of the scarcity of recorded localities for the species m the
county : Dichirotrtchus obsoletus, Dej., is to be found not uncommonly at Benacre
Broad. Platyderus ruficollis, Marsh., Lowestoft Denes, rarely. Cgmindis axillaris,
F., locally common at the roots of marram grass on the Kessingland Sandhills m .!
1899, and rarely on the Herringfleet Hills this year. Dromius ./^m«, Rossi, in ,
some small numbers on several occasions at Oulton Broad, but it is extremely
local. Deronectes depressus, F.,* one specimen at Barnby Broad, G.ix.99, in a ditch,
with numerous D. assimilis, Pk. A single S Rydaticus transversalis , Berg.,*
occurred in the same ditch, 10.iv.03. Gijrmus elor,gatus, Aube, at Oulton. Hydro-
philns piceus, L., locally abundant at Barnby Broad. April, 1903. Enochrus
bicolor, GylL, not uncommon in many places in the Lowestoft district. Aleochara
cuniculorum, Kr., at Gorton Cliffs in a sand martin's burrow. Ocyusa tncrassata,
Kv * one specimen at Oulton Broad, 27.xii.01. Ischnoglossa prolixa, Grav.,
Oulton Broad. Fhilonthus proximus, Kr., in Cossns burrows at Oulton Broad.
Fhilonthusfumarius,Grviiv.,* one specimen at Benacre Broad, 23.viii.02, in flood
refuse. Cryptobium glaberrlmum, Herbst,* at the same locality in 1899 and 1902.
Stili.cusgeuiculatu.s,¥v.,m haystack refuse at Barnby, thus confirming Stephens'
record of the species for the county. Stenus guttula, MiilL, on the Gorton Gliffs,
commonly. Coprophilus striatulas, F., at Oulton Broad. Lesteva muscorum,
Duv.,* taken by Mr. W. E. Sharp in flood refuse at Oulton Broad in April, 1903.
Bythinus punctloolUs, Denny, Barnby Broad. Bryaxis sanguinea, L., commonly ati
Benacre and Oulton Broads. B. helferi, Schmidt, is not uncommon at Benacre.
Broad. CAoZem /u.ca, Panz.,* a J at Oulton Broad, in June, 1898. Cryptarcha\
strigata, F., in Cossus borings in an alder at Oulton Broad. Tenebrioides maun-
tanicus, L., L^mophlceus ferruglnem, Steph., and Silvanns surinamens>s, L.,*'
abundant in a flour mill at Lowestoft in August last. Cryptophagus populi, Payk.,^'

1906.] 13

one specimen at Barnby Broad, 20.viii.03, under the bark of a small dead fir.
C. affinis, Sturm, at Oulton Broad. C. cellari.t, Scop., not uncommon under sacks
in the flour mills above mentioned. Atomaria hasalis, Er.,* fairly abundant in
haystacks on Oulton Marshes. A. apicalis, Staph., in the same locality. A. gutta,
Stepb., in refuse at Benacre Broad. TeJepJiorus thoracicus-, 01.,* two specimens at
Oulton Broad, July, 1898. T. ovalis, Grerm., not uncommon in the same locality.
Piinus tectu.s, Boield.,* Niptus crenatus, F., and RMzopertha pusilla, ¥.,* abundant,
in August last in the flour mill at Lowestoft, and Anohium paniceum, L.,* scarce
at the same place, Bonacia thalasxina, Grerm.,* two specimens at Oulton Broad,
S.viii.CS, and D. hraccata, Scop., not uncommon on reeds at the same place.
Hifdrothassa aucta, F.,* not uncommon in haystacks on the Oulton Marshes on
several occasions. Longitarsns castaneus, Duft.,* one specimen at Oulton Broad in
flood refuse, 28.iii.02. Phyllotreta tetraatigma, Com., at Oulton Broad. Chxto-
enema sahlbergi, Gryll.,* one specimen at Oulton Broad in sphagnum, 21. v. 04.
Triholium ferrnginenm, F., T. confu.sum, Duv.,* and Latlieticus oryzae, Wat.,* in
the flour mill at Lowestoft ; the two latter species in vast numbers. Tetratoma
fungorum, F., in a fungus on an alder at Barnby Broad in company with Myceto-
phagns muJtipuneiaf.us, Hell. Aplon trlfoUi, L., at Oulton Broad. Hgpera ftiixpi-
ciosa, Herbst,* a 9 fit Oulton Broad in flood refuse, 28.iii.02. Erirrhlmis
scirpi, F..* one specimen at Benacre Broad in reed refuse, 5.ix.05. Bagous glabri-
rostris, Herbst, two specimens at Barnby Broad in refuse. Sihinia primifa,
Herbst, a single specimen on the Kessingland sandhills. Oi/mnetron viUoauhis,
Gryll., at Oulton Broad. UnhrycJiim velatm, Beck, at Benacre Broad. Litodac-
tylvs leucogader, Marsh.,* one at Oulton Broad, S.ix.OO. Phytohius quadritu-
berculatus, F., from the same place, and Calandra gt-anaria, L., and C. oryzx, L.,
both common in the flour mill before referred to. — E. C. Bedwell, " Elmlea,"
Clevedon Road, Xcr' iton, Surrey : October 18th, 1905.

Otiorrhynchus rugifrons, Gyll., in Miller's Dale. — On the 9th of May last I
captured a single specimen of this usually maritime species in Miller's Dale, Derby-
shire ; it occurred amongst dwarf plants at the edge of a broad slab of limestone.
This seems to be the most inland locality at which it has hitherto been found in
Britain. Canon Fowler, in his " Col. Brit. Islands," gives only two localities at a
distance from the coast, viz., Lancaster and Bath.— J. Kidson Tayloe, 35, South
Avenue, Buxton : November 27th, 1905.

Amara anthohia in the London District. — As Amara anthohia is such a recent
addition to the British list, a record from the London district may be of interest.
On May 6th I took a female specimen at Carshalton, as it was running over a path,
but at the time thought it was merely familiaris. On comparison with the South
Kensington specimens it seems very distinct from lucida in size, and in the posses-
sion of the ecutellary pore, and agrees in all respects with the Leighton specimens of
anthohia, so I feel sure as to its identity.— H. Gr. Attlee, 153, Beechcroft Road,
Upper Tooting, S.W. : November 21st, 1905.

Tortrix pronubana, Hb., at Eastbourne.— On October 12th last my friend Mr.
Harold Cooper sent me a fine male specimen of Tortrix pronubana, Hb., which he

[January,

14

had taken some twelre days before at rest on a curtain in his drawing-room, at
Eastbourne. In Slaudingor's " Catalog" this insect is reported fro™ South Europe
North-west Africa, and Asia Minor; but in the late Dr. Mason's colleot.on I found
in a drawer containing a number of foreign types two specimens of p™»uba«a,
<? and V. labelled from Guernsey.-SEIWTX Imagb, 20, Ktzroy Street, W. :
December 2>nd, 1905.

Aculeate Hymenoptera at Fillans, Perthshire: Jane 9th to July 5t/^ 1905 -
Favoured by gloriously fine weather (after four consecutive wet -asons spent in he
Highlands), I am able to make a substantial addition to my Fort Wilham hst of
captures recorded in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for December, 190t.

8t. Fillans is charn.ingly situated in the Perthshire Highlands, sheltered by
the hills on all sides it enjoys a climate exceptionally mild and genial for Scot and.
Wild flowers of great variety are abundant, and here and there one finds httle
patches of gravel and sand bank so dear to Aculeates ; yet with all these advantages
one has to confess that Aculeates (with the exception of a very few species) are
extremely rare. On the other hand, Diptera are far too numerous and much too
energetic in their personal attentions, and are at times a positive nuisance.

°Amon.st the Diptera there were a number of species closely resembhng:
Aculeates, mimics or under-studies, but in this case the principals were not to be-
found. Have they been supplanted and suppressed by the irrepressible Drptera,,
or will their turn come later on? This may suggest a little problem for futurecj
observation and study. Saw-flies were common and more in evidence than I have
usually found south of the Tweed.

Again and as ever I have to thank Mr. Edward Saunders for his kindness m,

naming my captures :— ^ ta n

Formica rnja, Linn., 2 $ , P. Jnsca, Linn., common ; Lasius flavns, De G-eer,
common; Myrmica rubra, Linn., common; Leptothorax acervorum,¥ah., not un-
common; Pompilus pectir^ipcs, V. de L., rare; Salius parvulus, Dahlb., rare :||
Crahro dimidiatus, Fab., rare, C. vagus, Linn., rare, C. anxius, Wesm., rare, C.pal
mvpes, Linn., rare; Nysson spinosus, Fab., one specimen ; Cevopales maculata, Fab.
one specimen ; Vespa vulgaris, Linn., rare, 7. rufa, Linn., rare, F. norv.,tca. Fab.
common ; Andrena albicans, Kirb., rare, A. coitana, Kirb., rare, A. anahs, Panz.
rare A. fucata, Smith, rare, A. minufuZa, Kirb., rare ; Nomada ochrostoma,Kivh.^
rare' N. flavoguttata, Kirb., rare, N. Um, Thoms., rare, 1^ Jabriciana, Linn., rare ■
Bombus hortorum, Linn , rare, B.lapid.arius,hh^u., rare, B. terre.im,Linn., common
B pratorum, Linn , common, B. agrorum. Fab., very common ; Psithyrus campesPn^
rare, P. quadricolor, Lep., rarc-G. A. James Rothney, « Pembury," Tudor Roao
Upper Norwood : October 2Sth, 1905.

Food and habits of Xanthandrus eomtus, Rarris.-ln the July Number «
Ent Mo. Mag. (1905), p. 150, I gave some details of this Dipteron as a parasite .
Easiula hyerana at Hyeres. Perchance this may not have been seen by studenii
of Diptera, being imbedded in Notes on a moth.

At Hyeres, Hastula hyerana may be described as having a gregarious larv
and the fly larva preyed upon those of the moth, following them in their burror
and destroying large numbers of them. This was a somewhat isolated observati-

1906.] 15

as regards the fly, and I am glad to be able now to supplement it with further
observations, which go to show that I his is the usual, possibly the only, manner of
life o{ Xanthandrus cointus, and justify my publishing a further note on the species,
for the benefit of students rather of Diptera than of Lepidoptera.

In Sicily this spring I looked for and found larvae of H. hyerana, which were
by no means rare, but here, instead of being gregarious, they were quite solitary,
a fact to be dealt with in further notes on H. hyerana. As regards X. comtus,
however, the result was that I found no trace of the fly in connection with it. I
attributed its absence to the fly being possibly absent from the Sicilian fauna, but I
also thought that possibly the isolation of the individual larvse, rendered them here
an unsuitable prey for this parasite.

I was lucky enough to meet with proof that the latter was almost certainly the
reason that H. hyerana is here free from its attacks.

Having collected some larvae of AcrocUta consequana, I found some time
after I had had them at home, that larvae of X. cotntus were present with them,
and I bred specimens.

Now it so happens that A. consequana in the Riviera, is a solitary larva, and
there I never met with X. comlus with it. But in Sicily it is gregarious, gre-
garious in this sense, that though each larva occupies its own special bud or shoot, a
bush of Evphorbia in which it occurs, usually has a large number of larvae on it, up
to a good many dozen, the Euphorbia bushes it affects being large and thick, and
from three to five or more feet high, quite different from the more herbaceous
growth of the species of Euphorbia on which one finds it in the Riviera.

X. comtus, therefore, occurs in Sicily, and we may, I think, assume that it
would attack H. hyerana, if that species afforded a sufficient number of larvae on
one plant. Of course, it is possible that it does attack S. hyerana and other soli-
tary larvae here, but it is inevitable that when it does so the larvae would perish
when it had destroyed its solitary prey and could find no others.

These flies emerged from April 15th onwards, much the same dates as those
bred from H. hyerana at Hyeres.

It so happened, however, that I again met with the larva of X. comtus this
year. On August 8th, in the valley below Le Laularet, towards Monetier, at
about 5500 ft., I found two or three bushes of Bhamnus pmnilus, of which every
shoot, nearly every leaf, contained a half-grown Tortrix larva, probably of Ancylis
A derasana. A day or two after I brought some of these home, there appeared
amongst them larvae of X. comtus, of which I bred two some weeks later.* Here
again the prey of the fly was a quasi-gregarious Tortrix larva. So abundant were
these larvae, that I concluded they were full fed or nearly so, and of some small
species ; for the simple reason that there would be no food for them if they had to
grow to any size, however, they grew very much larger, and it is certain that if the
fly allowed any larvae to escape it, then it benefited these survivors, which must
otherwise have perished of starvation.

There is a possibility of mistake in piecing together portions of life-histories
from the Mediterranean coast and 6000 ft. elevation in the Alps, but it is clear that
X. comtus feeds especially on the larvae of Tortrices when there are many on a plant.
It seems also most likely that there are several broods during the season. By
collecting Tortrix larvae of similar habits in places where X com^w* occurs, it ought

[January,

16

r,ot to be difficult to show how far its habits are the same in England as in the
other localities in which I have met with it.-T. A. Chapmak, Betula, Reigate :
October, 1905.

A further note on the late J. W. Don^las-The late Mr. Douglas in his early
days was an ardent Lepidopterist. In 1842 he added Notodonta tritophus to the
British list, and recorded it in the " Entomologist " for that year. Newman a so
states in his " British Moths," p. 231, " the caterpillar was once taken at St. Usyth,
in Essex, by Mr. Douglas, who succeeded in rearing the moth." He was also the
first to take Pachnobla alpina in Britain, as Messrs. Humphrey, and Westwood, m
their " British Moths," state : "The specimen from which their figure was made
was that taken by Mr. Douglas on Caivn Gower, Perthshire, in 1839." With the
exception of one captured by James Foxcroft in 1854, Mr. Douglas' specnnen re-
mained unique up to 1874, when others were taken. But Mr. Douglas' chief woi«k
was amongst the Micro-Lepidoptera, and his Monograph of the old and then difficult
genus, Qelechia, in the Transactions of the Entomological Society for 1849, was at
the time a very useful paper. In the same volume he figured and described Anchylo-
pera suharcuana ; in fact, he was so good a Micro-Lepidopterist that Stamton
associated him with himself as one of his assistants in the "Natural History
of the Tineina," and named after him a Depressaria , and also the genus
Douglasia. Mr. Douglas was also a good Coleopterist, and wrote an interesting
article on the food and habits of Velleins dilatatns in hornets' nests (Ent. Mo.
Mag vol XV, p. 260). Anisoxya fuscuJa at Lee (Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xii, p. 83),
was also a notable capture. It may be as well to call to mind also his article on
the Colorado Beetle (Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xiii, p. 181). In the Neuroptera his best
capture was Borem hyemaUs, at Croydon (Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. iv, p. 156). His
paper on the PsylUd^ (Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xiii), and on Aleurodes (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
vol. xiv), filled a gap which was very much wanted ; well written and containing a
fund of information are his articles on Entomological localities, interspersed with
suitable poetical quotations from Shelley, Horace, &c., altered and adapted to cir-
cumstances.-C. W. Dale, Glanvilles Wootton : November \st, 1905.

A. Natural History of the British Butterflies; their world-wide;

VARIATION and geographical DISTRIBUTION. A TeXT BoOK FOR STUDENTS >

ASD Collectors. By J. W. Tutt, F.E.S. Parts 1 and 2, pp. 1-8, 81-124. .

London : Elliot Stock, 62, Paternoster How, E.G. Berlin : Friedlander und Sohn, ,

11 Carlstrasse, N.W.

Two parts of Mr. Tutt's long-expected work on the limited number of Diurnal J
Lepidoptera included in the fauna of the British Islands are before us, the first off
these bearing the date November 1st, 1905. In each part four pages are devoted too
general considerations of the group, the two parts already issued containing a lucidd
and highly interesting account of the eggs and egg-laying habits of Butterflies, andd
the commencement of a chapter by Mr. A. E. Tonge on his method of photographing?
the eggs themselves— a highly successful example of which is given on Plate I. Mr

1906.] 17

Tutt commences the descriptive portion of bis work with the UrhicoUdes, his
reasons for adopting the Linnean title for the superfamily hitherto generally known
as the Hesperiides, and familiarly as the " skippers," being fully set forth on p. 82.
An excellent general account of the superfamily is followed by the consideration of
three species -^(fop^a lineola, A.flava (thaumas), and Thymelicus actseon. These
are treated with the same exhaustive fullness of detail -bibliographical, distribu-
tional, and biological— with which we are already familiar in the four volumes of
the "Natural History of the British Lepidoptera," so well known and highly ap-
preciated by all students of the Order. This is a sufficient indication of the scope
and value of the work now under notice, and it would appear that at least we shall
be in possession of that long hoped-for desideratum— a complete and up-to-date
account of our British Butterflies, compiled from all sources, ancient and modem.
Mr. Tutt is to be heartily congratulated on his successful execution of the work so
far, and we trust that his health will enable him to complete the present portion of
his great contribution to our knowledge of our native Lepidoptera at a not far
distant date.

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society: The first meeting of

the Autumn Session was held in the Royal Institution, Liverpool, on Monday,

October 16th, the President, Mr. Samuel J. Capper, F.E.S., in the Chair, and

was probably the largest and most successful in the history of the Society. The

following exhibits were particularly noteworthy : Mr. W. A. Tyerman showed a

lovely bred series of Pyramels cardui from Waterville, Ireland. Mr. F. N. Pierce,

series of Abraxas grosstdariata with many vars. from Wallasey larvae. Dr. W.

Bell, two cases of beautifully preserved larvae on their food-plants. Mr. W. Mans-

bridge, bred series of Peronea permutana, P. aspersana, and P. hastiana from

Wallasey; Catoptria expallidana (Wallasey), Pxdisca corticana—^&rt of a long

and variable series- (Delamere), and Ephippiphora populana (Crosby). Mr. C. E.

Stott, a light var. of Dicranura vinula bred from a batch of Blackpool ova. Mr.

Richard Wilding, a series of Polia chi from Montgomeryshire. Mr. C. F. Johnson,

some very dark vars. of Macaria liturata (Delamere), one black and one asymme-

1 trically marked var. of A.grossulariata from Stockport larvae, bred series of Acronycta

leporina, including very dark suffused specimens (Rixton Moss), and of Boarmia

repandata and Acidalia contiguaria (N. Wales). Mr. a. L. Cox, captures in

Hunts, including Toxocampa pastimim, Acidalia ruhiginata, Dicycla oo with var.

renago, Hadena atriplicis, Cymatophora octogesima and C. or. Dr. P. F. Tmne,

melanic forms of Aplecta nehulosa, A. grossulariata, Xylophasia polyodon, red

vars. of Smerinthus populi and specimens of the Tarantula spider (British Guiana),

and of a Mygale which preys on humming birds. Mr. J. E. Robson, Synia muscu-

losa, Micra parva, Leucania extranea, L. vitellina and L. favicolor, L. alhipuncta

(Bournemouth), Xylomyges conspicillaris (Taunton), Pachetra leucophxa {Or. T.

Porritt) and Anerastia banhesiella (E. R. Bankes). Dr. Cotton, Zygxna pilosellse

[January, . }

18 !

Lanes.), O.o».o..~ '^'-'Zt c'^Z^^, o^ '^^^^ "^ L.inostoUful..,
fesHva with dark margins. Mr. F. C- Tlomp o g ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^

Sunithecia venosata, Dianthceca capsrncoU and Ma.uc a

!

.„a ^c;.aK» i».i«aW«. an fron, South .''-°-^^^^^^;^^.f„ :w (Monkswood),

^„^.ro« y«~"o, ^.noa„» T ":::,;;; /North Wales), Melanippe ri.ata

le 0 By^relia .nca (Ulverston), and Ar.y.nis selene (Wnder.ere)^
ehe,teO,i'y ^ ^^,,^^^.^„ „.de by Mr. George

Moor; a case of ^o^-F ™ _^ ^ Donisthorpe, BiloHa oynogUs..,

Dukinfield and C. B. Williams. Mi g ,j,^^li p.yUiode, luridi-

p.„>. and Ceutkorrkynckus oontractn. var. i"""'^- ^"'^/^ ^
!l„„,Aaa(».« .»««, a blind species from eaves in Noith Italy.

r. ., v,„lf nf the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Mr. R. Newstead
,-.:d ttfli-e.ee of the Tsetse fly (alo.ina pal^alis, Kob. DesvO, also
exhibited "- "; J'' ^„, „t (,,^„,,,, ,u from Kasongo (Upper Congo),

living p»P^ °f '';; PJJ^^,, jl,. w, J. Lucas sent a pair of the rare dragon-
taken by Drs. Dut on -™ ^^. ^^^^^ ^^ittaker, three excellent

t:::: m" rrscaree nemiptcn, .«.. ..^.«. taken at
photographs o^ Dr. R. J. Cassal sent specimens of a very rare

inchopleroi J horned-poppy at Swanage (Tomlin). F. pubes-

::;ics of lifeddstory cards of British beetles.-J. R. le B. ToM.iK and E. J. B.
SOPP, Son. Secretaries.

THK SOUTH LOKDOK E»XOMO.O«I0AL ANP NATUBAL HiSTOET SoCIBXT

nJ;; :;..... -'. >005._Mr. II..H M... B.Se., ^^esiae", iii^he a,a.
Mr T M. B. Carr exhibited a variety of A.lais urtic. taken at Chalfont Eoad
■ V V'.he blue marginal spots are absent and the black basal area is mor
in which be blue "-S-^P ^^,^„ by him during the Society

extendea than usual. Mi. ^o -.^^e J ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^

'^':!:t:r^^Z^t^^^ on sallowmasleeve. (.) C.«

1006.] 19

(lie ocelli much more pronounced; and (3) Erebia nsihiops (blandina), two speci-
mens bred from ova laid by a Yorkshire 9 . Mr. Colthrup, a very fine variety of
I Polt/ommatus corydon in which the marginal markings of the hind-wings were
I developed and coalesced into radiating streaks. Mr. J. W. Kaye, a fine bred series
of Thecia pruni from Monkswood larvae. He pointed out the variable and unstable
character of the orange markings of the ? . Mr. Joy, a bred series of Cyaniris
nrgiolus, being about half of a brood of which the remainder were apparently going
over the winter as pupae, and gave notes on his method of breeding. Mr. Turner
read a paper entitled " Notes on the genus Coleopliora^^ and illustrated each
species mentioned by a life-history showing imago, cases at different stages, posi-
tion in life, and the leaves showing larval depredations.

Thursday, September l^tTi, 1905.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Edward Hill, of Dorville Road, Lee, was elected a Member.

Mr. Stonell exhibited a number of varieties of British Lepidoptera, including
]iale Orthosia suspecta, pale and dark Noctua sobrina, Tseniocampa gracilis, var.
pallida, &c. Mr. Cowham, a fine richly banded Dicycla oo from Woodford.

Messi's. Harrison and Main (1), Nemeopliila russula, a series bred from
Delamere Forest ova ; and (2) CaUimorpha dominula, bred from Deal. Mr. Sich,
the two specimens of Argyresthia illuminatella fi'om Hailsham, Sussex, which had
been determined by Mr. Meyrick as new to the British fauna. Mr. Kaye (1), a pair
of black Boarmia gemmaria {rhomboid an' a) ; and (2) a much suffused Cleora
glabraria from the New Forest. Mr. Ashdown, specimens of the local Hemipteron,
Eysarcoris melanocephalus taken in Surrey, and the rare E. seneus from the New
Forest. Mr. West, various Coleoptera : Sibinia potentillse on Spergula arvensis,
S. primifa on grass, and Rhinoncus bruchoides on Polygonum, by sweeping in
Darenth Wood in August. Mr. Joy, a fine variety of Cupido minima, having the
usual submarginal row of dots on the hind-wings elongated into streaks of consider-
able but varying length. Mr. West (Ashtead), a photograph showing a cluster of
Mania maura in a corner of a room, where for years they had been accustomed to
assemble. Mr. R. Adkin, specimens of Emmelesia unifasciata that had emerged in
August of this year from pupae of 1900. Some individuals had emerged in 1901,
1902, 1903 and 1904, and a few pupae still remain over. Mr. F. Noad-Clarke read
a paper, " Practical Hints in Microscopical Manipulation."

Thursday, October 26th, 1905.— The President in the Chair.
Rev. E. Tarbat exhibited a specimen of Pseudoterpna pruinata (cytisaria) from
Mortehoe, in which the usual green colour was replaced by a rich yellowish-brown ;
it was in bred condition. Mr. Kaye, an extremely light form of Boarmia ahietaria,
j bred from a Box Hill larva. It was noted that this species was generally much
darker now than years ago in that locality, but none were as light as the specimen
shown. Mr. Step, New Zealand " vegetable caterpillar " and the fungus Cordyceps
rohertsii, which attacked it. Mr. West (Grreenwich), the following Hemiptera :
Dryraus sylvaticus var. ryei, uncommon under dead leaves ; D. pilicornis, very
local ; and Berytus crassipes, rare, under stones ; all from Box Hill. The remainder

B 3

[January,

20

of the meeting was devoted to an exhibition of lantern slides by the .ernb.^
illustrating anin.als and plants in nature, protective resemblance xn insects, ^nseet
metamorphoses, and views, &c., taken during the Field Meetings.

Tkurs'lay, November dth, 1905.-The President in the Chair.

Mr Stonell exhibited (1), a picked series of Heliophohns Insipidus, to show the
very slight variation in British specimens; (2) a long series of T.nioca^^pagotlnca
and its var. gotMcina, extremely varied, some of the latter form having the
-gothica" mark obsolete; (3), Callimorpha dominuK with yellow hmd-wings;
(4) Mjeria (Sesia) tahaniformis from the Gregson collection; (5), extremely aark
forms of Agrotis nigricans ; and (6), a melanic Larentia muUlstrigaria. Mr. Moore, a
collection of Ortkoptera from South Africa. Messrs. Harrison and Main a short
series of Acidalia aversata bred from a ? taken at Bude. Six were reddish and
banded like the parent, five were ordinary putty coloured, four with no band one
with a very dark band. Mr. E. Adkin (1), specimens of Pararge egena from
Shaldon, Sept. 21st, 1905, one of which was extremely dark compared with others
taken at the same time ; (2), a series of Dryohota {Hadena) ^roi.a, reared from ova ;
he read notes on the breeding and habits of the larvae. Mr. Main, pupa cases of
Pyrameis atalanta and P. cardui, and also pup* of Pieris napi, showing great varia-
tion in the number and intensity of the black markings. Mr. Goulton, abox of
insects he was presenting to the Society's collections, including a series of Geometra
vernaria Mr. Rayward, a very fine series of bred Polyommatus hellargus from
Reigate, and contributed notes. Mr. Scourfield, F.R.M.S., then gave an address on
« Mendel's Law of Heredity," and exhibited specimens and diagrams m illustration
of his remarks.— Hy. J. Tuener, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society op London: Wednesday, November Voth, 1905.-
Mr. F. Meeeipield, President, in the Chair.

Mr W R Dewar, Government Entomologist, Orange River Colony ; Mr.
William George Sheldon, of Youlgreave, South Croydon; and Mr. Francis C.
Woodbridge, of Northcroft, Cornwall Road, Uxbridge; were elected Fellows of the

Society.

Mr Arrow exhibited a flower-frequenting beetle from the Transvaal, illustra-
ting a remarkable device for the cross-fertilization of flowers, one of the front feet
being tightly clasped by the curiously formed pollinia of an Asclepias. Mr. Arrow
remarked that he had seen no similar instance among the Coleoptera. Mr. W. J.
Kaye a remarkable specimen of Agrotis trUici, bearing a close resemblance to
A agatUna. It had been taken this year at Oxshott flying over heather m company
with agatUna,^nd was a good example of syncryptic resemblance brought about
by the common habit of resting on heather. Mr. W. J. Lucas, a specimen of
Forficula auricularia taken by Mr. R. A. R. Priske at Deal, in September, 190.,
having the left cercus normal, while the right was that of var. forcipata. Dr. F A
Dixey forms of South African Pierine butterflies, taken by him this year in Natal
and Rhodesia, during the dry season of the present year, together with specimen.

1906.] 21

of the same species for comparison, taken in the same localities during the rains.
He said that the exhibit illustrated the fact now widely recognised that these forms
varied in general correspondence with the meteorological conditions prevailing at
'the different seasons. Mr. Edward Harris, series of Hemeropliila ahruptaria, bred
ithrough two seasons by him, and showing the proportion of raelanic in light forms
ifroni combinations of the several parents— light and dark. Mr. Selwyn Image,
a (? specimen of Tortrix pronuhana, Hb., taken by Mr. Harold Cooper at East-
bourne, either at the end of September or the beginning of October last, and sent
to him on October 12th. The insect, which is about the size of T. hergmanniana,
is new to the British list. Commander J. J. Walker communicated a paper
entitled " Hymenoptera-Aculeata collected in Algeria by the Rev. A. E. Eaton,
M.A., and the Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A. ; Part ii, Diploptera," by Edward
Saunders, F.R.S., F.L.S.

Wednesday, December' 6th, 1905.— The President in the Chair.
Dr. O. M. Renter, of Helsingfors, Grand Duchy of Finland, was elected an
Honorary Fellow of the Society.

Mr. Charles William Mally, M.Sc, Associate of the Society of Economic
Entomology of Washington, U.S.A., Government Entomologist for the Eastern
Province of the Cape Colony, and Mr. Howard Powell, of Rue Mireille, Ilyeres,
France, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. K. Joi'dan exhibited a series of varieties of the Mediterranean Carabus

)fnorbill,osus, showing all intergradations from the ordinary morbillosus with broad

prothorax and costate and catenulate elytra to the Moroccan aumonti, which has

narrow thorax and smooth elytra. Mr. H. St. J. Donistliorpe, specimens of

Ptinus pusillus, Sturm, recently discovered in a corn factor's shop at Edmonton.

This species, which is common in France and Germany, has not been recorded

hitherto in Britain. Mr. A. J. Chitty, a hermaphrodite Proctotrupid, probably

3ne of the Spilomicrinse, Ashm. ; a sand-wasp without wings taken by Mr. Pool,

running on a beech trunk, and named by Mr. E. Saunders as Didineis l'unicornis,'F.;

and a J specimen of Apio7i semivittatum, Gyll. {germari, Walt.), taken many

years ago by Mr. Walton near the Tivoli Gardens, Margate, together with a $

i>f the same species discovered while sweeping long grass near the Chequers Inn,

Deal, on September 26th, 1904. Mr. F. B. Jennings, a <? and ? example of the

, jDipteron Helophilus transfugus, L., taken from thistle heads in the marshes at

J lEdmonton last July, and a specimen of Stenopteryx hirundinis, a parasite on

f Iswallows and martins, found on Box Hill, Surrey, in August. Mr. G. T. Porritt,

specimens of Odontopera bidentata ab. nigra, and stated that the melanic form was

rapidly increasing in the Wakefield district of South Yorkshire. Dr. F. A. Dixey,

specimens of South African Pierine butterflies taken by him in the dry season this

year, further illustrating their forms ; and with them, for comparison, specimens

iaken by other collectors during the rains. Mr. O. E. Janson, a <? and ?

>f Ornithoptera chimxra, Rothsch., and some remarkable species of Delias collected

•ecently by Mr. A. S. Meek in the mountain region of British New Guinea.

jlPommander J. J. Walker, on behalf of Mr. A. M. Lea, Government Entomologist

,j|)f Tasmania, a specimen of the Buprestid beetle Cyria imperialis, Don., having, in

[January,

22

1 e ^.r. m. thp left side, two supplementary fore-legs

„rigi«at,ns from separate co.« M.^ /c,,,,,,,^ t„„ egg. deposited in

Trfropium crau./.a,,-, Sharp, bred by th "-• j,^,^^^ „,, „„iq„e

Ju,,Ustinthebarkof a,arehatLe,ghto^B„ z„d ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^

speeimen of D.pr..sar,a emmteiia, St., from » " Cerorfoma

Secies was added to t,. B,^ish List ^. ^ Z:ZIZ^^'^- ^-'.
a^verelU, L., discovered by Mrs. Huteh.nson near Hereford.hire

1881, and only tal.en. as regard, Brita.n, .n Porset ^^ -' ^ 'J^^^^.^^^.^^ „f ,,,

<--irM '"rdT:rb;r:o:r:ii"r::ngthe me^od of

unusual to find a p, edaceu „„™„i,c. together with a specimen ^

Id also of the month parts of the imago, to illustrate the paper read by h>«
On he Erne gence of »f.™.l... /.r»«aW«." Mr. Martin Jaeoby a pape,

-r rMV;^^;: r thf ^:::o •:::;:; cc:;
!:Lr:H!;:::':ithXriptionsof.ewspeeies..._H..ow...B...

Hon. Secretary.

ANTIPODEAN FIELD NOTES.
III.-A SKETCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGY OF SYDNEY, N.S.W.

BY JAMES J. AVALKER, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

{Continued from vol. xli, page 270).

TvNO plants, both among the most remarkable forms in the An

tralian flora, may be specially alluded to as each possessing a litt

Coleopterous fauna of exceptional interest. The first of these is .

-Burra^N-onc" iMacrozamia spiralis, Mig.), of the natural Ord

1906.] 23

Ci/cadecc, a pliiiit not unlike a dwiirf palm, with somewhat prickly
fern-like fronds four or five feet louu^, growing shuttlecock-fashiou
from a very short stem, and producing large "cones" of bright red
fruits, the hard kernels of which were formerly much esteemed as
food by the aborigines after due ])reparation. This plant is not
common near Sydney, but on March 9th, 1901, I found it at Woy
Woy, on the Hawkesbury estuary, growing in great abundance in
open sandy " bush." On the fronds a fine large brow^n Sagrid, Carpo-
phagus hnnhsicB, Mad., occurred in some numbers, as well as a curious
and very active little stout yellow and brown Buprestid, Xyroscelis
crocata, Lap. et Gory, without any of the metallic lustre of its allies,
and looking like a small splinter of wood at first sight ; I afterwards
found it freely on the Macroznmia at Fremantle, W. A. By searching
at the base of the fronds, among the young shoots which form a sort
of " heart," two very interesting weevils, Tranes sparsus, Boh., and
T. internafus, Macl., were found commonly, also a singular snow-white
Coccid {Dactylopius sp.) which secreted a large quantity of sticky
white wax, and was accompanied by a very pallid species of the
Nitidulid genus Bracliypejplus. I found the two latter insects subse-
quently in the Illawarra, in the heart of the " cabbage palm," Livis-
tona australis.

The well known " Grass-trees " {Xanthorrhoea hastilis, R. Br., X.
australis, E. Br., &c.), the abundance and singular appearance of
which give a distinctive character to the drier parts of the Sydney
" bush," are, especially when dead and decaying, the exclusive habitat
of a number of very interesting CoJeoptera* The stem or trunk of
a " Black-boy," as the plant is often called, may attain a height of six
feet or more with a diameter of fully a foot, and when living it is
crowned with a great mop-like tuft of coarse rigid foliage, sufficiently
ilike grass to account for its popular name ; from this head protrudes
|a slender spike sometimes six feet long, crowded towards its end with
jvery numerous minute greenish-white, somewhat lily-like flowers.
iWhen dead, the trunk may be said to consist of a cylindrical core of
|an open fibrous texture, usually saturated with moisture, and about
jthree inches in diameter ; this is enclosed in a shell or case of a
I radiated structure, formed of the persistent bases of the leaves, per-
meated with the fragrant yellow resin of the plant, and almost always
^Icharred on the outside by past bush fires. Between this outer case,
Which, when old, is easily demolished by a good kick, and the core,
%- " -

* Cf. Froggatt, The Entomology of the Grass Trees, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1896,
f| pp. 73-87, pi. IX.

[January, 1906.

24

err .1 s.«.i.« " «f r.:t,:;rlr,::;:.:

forms of iZu-teri</<. (PMysoma, Ahrmis, &c.), al o

cyhndneal gr y Long^eon. S^ py Cos.onid weevil, ^,A««ooo.,«..
f --— ; te niniy present. Throughout the summer the
teurrturit -spotted dL' b.ue Buprestid, CUsei. n.,nacuUt^,
CCbe found in plenty feeding on the foliage .i.h. .ore rarely.

'' • .^inv weevil Acantholopus marshami, Kirby.
^'^^r: r:eLrf:r .o...J at Sydney .ay be said to co.-
.1. . month of crenial but not excessive warmth,
"-'''' ^rr'lTJ tellsof unclouded sunshine. This and
"oti-nth are undoubtedly the finest and most pleasa,^ o
the toUovMng Australian " bush to best

t t: 'r'lrge .^o^ln of the bushes and small trees now
advantage. A ^"^^ J ^^„^,^,„, „,3tes covered wath a

eome n.to flow r and ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^.^^^_^^ .^ ^^^^^^^.^

f ?il Z -;: erfeet bla.e of bloom. The early Australia.

lo the flower ng.time of a great many fine annual plants

SThe a if aden with the fresh scent of the young ^..«^^.»

Tv Twith the still more delicious perfume of acres of golder.

Itl^ed "t"t" iAeae^^ spp). With the flowers a host «

bit "r chiefly plant-feeders, maKe their appearance, but only a fe

he 1 adin. forms of these can be here referred to. Among thi

'ei wWch resort to the wattle-bloom, are the earhest o

T' ' rous and highly characteristic local forms of the Bupre.

?r~";c e -me beautiful little metallic-green species c

i; and MeUUsis, others occurring on the yellow-flowered Leg,

t 1,, of the .'enus PuUen^a. AVith ihem are vanoi

February, 1906.] 25

the beautiful but very scarce Aplineope sericata, Pasc.) having a
striking superficial resemblance to the numerous ants found in their
company. A little later in the season, the large and very handsome
Frosted-green weevil, Ghrysoloplius spectahilis, Fab. — well meriting its
local name of the " Australian Diamond-beetle," abounds on the
s\\attle foliage, and even more plentifully in some places, the large
ough spiky dark-brown weevils of the genus Lepfops (L. fribulus,
^'ab., L. hopei, Fahr., &c.) ; the first-named of these the Sydney boys
all "wattle-pigs." The conspicuous bright-red Rhinotia hcemoptera,
[irby, several species of BeJus, not unlike Lia^us in aspect, but usually
lore elongate in build, and a host of smaller forms 06 RhyncJiopJiora^
requent the wattles, and a very singular little shining black weevil,
^yrmacicelus formicarius, Chevr., rather like an exaggerated Apion,
lay be found commonly walking on their trunks, usually in company
;^ith ants. Several brilliant little metallic-green " chafers " of the
onus DipJmefipJiala, and the Buprestidse Cisseis similis, Saund.,

leucosticfa, Kirby, O. cupripennis^ Chevr., Agrilus australasice,

et G., and (at Ourimbah) the lovely little velvety-green Nascio
tultissima, Olliff, are more or less plentiful ; and among the Longi-
3rns are the large stout marbled-grey PentJiea vermicularia, Don.,
le smaller grey species of Hehecerus, and the beautiful sage-green
ympliyletes nigrovirens, Don. The large silky-brown PacJiydisstts
iriceus, Newm., is sometimes found under the loose wattle-bark, but

apparently not common near Sydney, though its larva is very
Bstructive to the trees in some parts of the colony. Numbers of
hytophaya of moderate or small size {CrypfocephaJus, Difropidtcs,
^lapJwdes, Calomela^ Paropsis, &c.) and of Coccinellidce, including
>me rather fine forms of Rhizohius, and the celebrated Novius
irdinalis, Muls., are to be beaten off the wattles throughout the
immer*

The various species of Eucalyptus, especially the young shoots or
whipstick gums " that spring up from the stumps of large trees

en felled, produce a great variety of interesting Coleoptera by
J^ating or shaking into the umbrella, and of these perhaps the most
lijoticeable from their diurnal habits, and among the most abundant,
ote the species of the Rutelid genus Anoplognathus. Of these the
4rliest to appear is the beautiful but not very common A. veJictinus,
old?., a large light-brown species covered with irregular white pubes-
gufnee which gives the insect a curious mealy look. This is succeeded

i|w

1 • c.
,n s. w

Insects of the Wattle Trees," by W, W. Froggatt, F.L.S. Agricultural Gazette of
Wales, July, 1902, pp. 1-20.

C

0« [February,

by the splendid" King-beetle," A. viridicenetcs, Don., brilliant metallic-
green witb red legs, nearly an inch and a half long and of very stout
build, and perhaps the finest species of the genus ; and the smaller but
somewhat similar A. analis, Dalm., the most abundant species in the
neighbourhood of Sydney. A. porosus, Dalm., rugosus, Kirby, olivieri,
Dalm., and cTiloropyrus, Drap., the last being the smallest as well as
the latest to appear, are of a light ochreous or brown colour with
greenish or opaline reflections, and the first two of these abound even
in the city gardens, attacking among other trees the Peruvian ScTiinifs
molle. All these beetles, with the exception of A. velutinus, lose
much of their beauty when dead and dry, and this is also the case
with the fine Melolonthid Xi/Jonychus eucalypti, Boisd., which is,
when alive, of a very beautiful though fugitive pale verditer-green
tint; the apple-green colour of Sohizognathus prasinus, Boisd.,
another handsome and not rare species, being much more permanent.
About Christmas, the two fine dark-bronze species of Bepsimiis, ceneus,
Fab., and manicatus, Swartz, conspicuous for the almost monstrous
development of the hind femora of the (^, appear ; the latter species
especially abounding at Rose Bay and other open places to such an
extent as to bend down by their weight the small branches on which
they congregate in clusters of hundreds of individuals ; and when
the bushes are shaken or stirred up, they fly off with a loud hum like
a swarm of bees. The Rhynchoplwra attached to the gum-trees
include a great variety of singular forms, the large rough brown
convex species of Gherrus, and the curious spiky EurTiynclius, being
perhaps the most conspicuous. In the PhytopJiaga are very many
pretty species of CrypfocepJialios and the allied Cadmus, the small
pubescent, metallic-green species of Edusa, the lovely Endomy chits ^
like scarlet and black Pliyllocharis cyanicornis, Fab. (found in th 5
lUawarra but rarely), and most characteristic of all as well as most
numerous in species and individuals, the eminently Australian genus
Paropsis. It is not unusual for seven or eight species of these pretty,
convex, almost hemispherical beetles, to fall into the umbrella when a
single small Eucalyptus bush is shaken, and the range of variation in
size and colour-pattern in the various forms is very striking. Some,
as P. sexpustulata, Marsh., reticulata, Marsh., marmorata, Oliv., &c.,
are fine insects, fully equal in size to our Clirysomelm, while others
(P. hamadryas, Stal, chlorotica, Chap., &c.) are no bigger than a large
Scymnus ; several species bear so close a resemblance in shape, size,
and detail of colouring to the forms of CoccinellidcB that occur with
them, as only to be distinguished from them on a close inspection.
A large section of the genus is characterized, when alive, by brilliant

1906.] 27

golden or other metallic markings, but these disappear entirely in
dried specimens, the insects fading to a uniform dull-brown tint ;
and the beautifully delicate green tint of one or two species found
on the " wattles " is equally fugitive.

Many other native trees and shrubs yield their quota of interest-
ing Coleoptera. Thus on the " Sassafras " in the Illawarra and else-
where are found the beautiful golden-yellow ladybird Tliea qalbida,
Muls., a Stenus (coeruleus,Wa.t.) of a most brilliant deep metallic-green
colour, and a fine large shining black Apion, probably A. aJhertisi,
Pasc. ; while a handsome nodose brown weevil of considerable size
and very stout build, Amisalliis tiiherosus, Boh., is obtained not rarely
I by beating Clematis aristata, R. Br., in blossom. On the " Port
Jackson Fig " {Ficus australis, AVilld.), a very pretty little black and
white species of Balaninus {amoenus, F.) is common in early summer ;
and by splitting open the small twigs of this tree, Hylesinus porcatus^
Chap., may be obtained freely enough. The conspicuous golden-yellow
cones of flowers of the curious Banksias (locally termed " honey-
suckle"), though full of honey and attractive to many insects, do
not appear to be particularly so to Coleoptera, a few weevils
{Myossita, &c.) being all that I have ever found on them. One of
the finest of the Australian Buprestidce^ however, Gyria imperialis,
Don., is exclusively attached to the Banksia, and passes its early
stages in the solid wood of the tree, often inflicting a large amount
of damage.* The perfect beetle appears about the middle of
November, and from its large size and brilliant deep yellow colour
banded with black, is a most conspicuous object, either flying in the
hot sunshine, or basking, as it loves to do, on the foliage of the dwarf
Banksias ; it does not appear to be attracted by flowers of any kind.
Carpophagus hanhsicd^ Macl., also occurs on the leaves of these trees,
I The '* she-oaks " {Casuarina spp.) produce, besides many small but
interesting weevils, &c., three noteworthy species of B upr est idee ;
Germarica casuarince, Blkb., a little linear bronzy-black fellow, barely
a line in length, the smallest member of the family with which I am
acquainted ; Paracephala murina, Thoms., a cylindrical dull-bronzy
Agrilus-\ikQ form, which may be bred from large hard woody galls on
the twigs of the plant ; and a very beautiful little yellow-spotted
'deep blue species of the curious genus Astrceus. This latter insect,
when beaten into the umbrella, skips about actively much after the
fashion of an Orchesia, a habit unique among the Buprestidce, as far
as my experience goes.

(To he continued).

* Cf. French, " Handbook of the Destructive Insects of Victoria," Part III, p. 67, pi. XLIV
figs. 1—4. Melbourne, 1900.

G 3

28 [February,

mesophl:eps silacellus, hb., a lepidoptekous genus

AND species new TO BRITAIN, IN SUSSEX.
BY EUSTACE R. BANKBS, M.A., F.E.S.

I have great pleasure in adding to the List o£ British Tineidce
the pretty MesopJileps silacellus, Hb., which was taken sparingly on
the downs near Brighton, during June and July last, by my friend
Mr. A. C. Vine, who subsequently sent me some specimens for
determination. A comparison of these with Hiibner's and Dupon-
chel's figures, and then with the series in the Frey and Stainton
(continental) collections, proved that they were unquestionably
referable to this species, and it is highly satisfactory to find that one,
at least, of the six Palsearctic species of the genus Mesophleps is
indigenous to Britain. In Staudinger and Eebel's Catalogue (1901),
this genus, which stands between PaUodora and Ypsolophus, is
assigned to Herrich-Schaffer, with the reference" Hb. 1818 "inserted
in brackets, but it may well be attributed to Hiibner, though with the
approximate date " circ. 1827 " instead of " 1818," for in spite of the
title-page of the Yerz. bek. Schmet., being dated " 1816," it is certain
that the part relating to the Tineidce was not published until about
ten years later. Hiibner {op. cit., p. 405) characterizes Mesophleps as
having the shallow indentation near the middle of the costa of the
fore-wings marked with a dark line, but Herrich-Schaffer (Syst.
Bear. Schmet. Eur., v, 43) separates it more satisfactorily, and says
that it is only distinguished from Gelechia by the palpi, of which the
middle joint has sharply-pointed scales above and below, those above
towards the base being the longest and most erect, while the terminal
joint is short and slender, and springs obliquely aside from the end of
the middle one.

It may be useful to add a description of this attractive species,
made from specimens most generously added to my collection by Mr.
Vine out of the very limited number that he secured.

Antennse dirty raw sienna-brown, narrowly annulated with fuscous. Palpi with
the long, porrected, thickly-scaled, middle joint, whitish above and internally, dark
brown beneath and externally, and the slender, short, rather erect, middle joint
whitish, obscurely clouded with brown near the apex externally. Head whitish.
Thorax and tegulse pale straw-yellow. Fore-wings rather long, narrow, and of
nearly uniform width to the tornus, pale straw-yellow, with a black spot on the fold,
and two, in a line, beyond and above it on the disc ; the outer half of the costa is
more or less clouded with walnut-brown, and this clouding, interrupted at the apex,
extends irregularly along the termen, and stretches inwards so as to form a blotch
beneath the outer discal black spot ; cilia brownish straw-yellow (sometimes par-

I

1906.] 29

tially brown-speckled) up to a deep fuscous dividing line, and dark brown beyond
it, but paler at the tornus ; this deep fuscous line appears to mark the actual
termen of the wing, but in reality the termen, which is often impossible to trace
from above though clearly visible from beneath, lies about -75 ram. inside this line.
Under-side silky brownish-grey, more brown towards the costa posteriorly, with the
dorsum broadly pale ochreous ; cilia grey-brown with an ill-defined darker line.
Alar, enp., 13-5— 17-5 mm. Hind-wings trapezoidal, very broad posteriorly with the
termen somewhat emarginate below the apex, satiny-grey ; cilia ochreous-grey.
Under-side concolorous with upper-side. Abdomen dorsally grey, with the first two
segments clothed with short hair-like golden-brown scales except along the anterior
margin, ventrally fuscous. The rather long ovipositor of the ? is often extruded
in dried specimens.

The ground-colour of the fore-wings seems to be constant, but in some indi-
viduals the spots and the brown clouding (which varies somewhat in shade) are
much less well pronounced than in others. The fore-wings show a little variation
in the colour of the under-side, and much in expanse in both sexes, though the
females average larger than the males.

Mr. Vine, who only found the moth in one restricted spot, tells
me that it is on the wing from about 7 to 8.30 p.m , during favour-
able weather, and that its flight is so slow and heavy that it has no
chance of escaping the net. In Stainton's " Tineina of Southern
Europe," it is given as occurring " in dry grassy places towards
evening," early in May (p. 58), and " on mountain-slopes and pasture-
fields " in May and June (p. 92). In the " Catalog " by Staudinger
and Eebel, M. silacellus is entered as an inhabitant of Central and
Southern Europe, Galicia, Livonia, Northern and Central Italy,
Dalmatia, and Bithynia. Unfortunately I have failed to find any
notes on its life-history, which appears to be entirely unknown ; we
must hope, however, that, through Mr. Vine's energy, it will be dis-
covered before long.

The imago bears no resemblance to any other species in the
British List, although some of our earlier authors, including Haworth
and Stephens, erroneously applied Hiibner's name, whether as
" silacea " or " silacella,'' to Metzneria lappella, L., of which M. metz-
neriella was regarded by Ilaworth as a variety.

It seems truly remarkable that the well-worked County of
Sussex should have yielded the three latest additions to our Lepi-
dopterous fauna, viz., Argyresthia illuminatella, Tortrioc pronubana,
and Mesophleps silacellus !

Norden, Corfe Castle :

December I8th, 1905.

30 [February,

UELP-NOTES TOWARDS THE DETERMINATION OF BRITISH
TENTHREDINID.E, &c. (12).

BY TUE EEV. F. D. MORICE, M.A., F.E.S.

{Continued from Vol. XL, p. 248).

NEMATIDES (continuedj ; MICRONEMATUS, CRYFTOCAMPUS,
CRCESUS, HOLCOCNEME.

In my last paper (November, 1904) I defined the normal Genera
of Nematides as those in which {a) the humeral cell is petiolate, and
(fi) the intercostal nerve strikes the subcosta distinctly before the
point at which the latter receives the cubitus. Of these normal
Genera Cameron admits three, viz., Crossus, with three British species,
JEuura, with live, and Nematus., with no less than 107. Thomson
treats the whole of them (and also Dineura) as subdivisions of his
enormous genus Nematus ; while Konow revises Thomson's sub-
divisions in certain cases, but on the whole accepts them and erects
them into Genera, thus breaking up the whole unwieldy mass into
eleven genera of manageable extent, and distinguished by real
(though minute) differences of structure and to some extent by their
general " facies," viz., Gryptocampus, Htg., Pontania, Costa, Pteronus,
Jur., Amauronemattts, Knw., Croesus, Leach, Holcocneme, Knw.,
Nematus, Jur., P achy nematus, Knw., Lygcsonematus, Knw., Pristiphora,
Latr., and Micronematus, Knw.

Three of these genera can usually be separated from the rest on
a single character. Thus, Cryptocami^us (= Euura, C.) lacks the
second cubital nerve, so that the 2nd and 3rd cubital cells are confluent,
and form one exceedingly elongate area. The same condition, how-
ever, may occur in abnormal specimens of almost any genus. And a
beginner must beware of confusing the absence of a second cubital n.
with the absence of 2. first (as often in Pristiphora). In both cases
the result is three cubital cells instead of four ; but the proportions of
the three cells to one another are utterly different in the two cases.

CroesiLS, and its close ally Holcocneme, are separated by a much
more satisfactory difference — the structure of their hind legs. In
Holcocneme these have the tibias and tarsi considerably dilated and
flattened, or rather hollowed out, from base to apex, and in Croesus
the same character is carried to a paradoxical extent ; while in all the
other genera the leg- joints are parallel-sided, slender, and cylindrical.
(See fig. 10). Exactly similar differences exist, of course, among the
Aculeates {e. g.. Apis, Halictus, Vespa, &c.).

1906.]

31

Fia. 10. — Hind tibia and metatarsus of

(a). Croesus septentrionalis, L., ?
(b). llolcocneme crassa, Fall., ? .
(c). rteronus miliaris, Pz., ? .
(c^) . Croesus latipes, ^ .

MiCSONEMATUS, KoDOW.

Another genus wLich is easily separated from the rest is Micro-
nematus. I know only one British species, viz., monogynicE^ Htg.
This is an excessively small insect (2 to 8 mm. long), black, except
that the legs are partly white, with a broad ovate abdomen, emar-
ginate clypeus, claws armed with subapical tooth (not bifid), short
pilose saw-sheath ( $ ), and short filiform antennae {i. e., they do not
taper towards the apex as they manifestly do in the vast majority of
the Nematids). Mr. Cameron's description of his N. hihernicus
seems to suit this insect, but the absence or faintness wliicb he notes
of the 1st cubital n. is not a constant character. I have specimens
both with and without it. (See Cam., vol. iv, p. 191). On the whole
I believe that hihernicus, C, is a Micronematus monogynice, Htg., like
my own specimens, and that his crassispina {nee Thoms.) is probably
the same, although in vol. iv he classes it as a Fontania, which it can
hardly be if its saw-sheath is " not projecting beyond apex of abdo-
men." Neither in hihernicus nor crassispina does Mr. Cameron men-
tion the claw characters ; and though he tells us in Vol. iv that the
former is not a Micronematus, he does not enumerate it under any of
the other genera. I have taken monogynice at Box Hill in early spring
at Prunus spinosus flowers, and the late Mr. Beaumont often sent me
specimens of it. The stigma is unicolorous, and dusky, or even
black in fresh specimens, but seems to fade after death.

Cetptocampus, Hartig.
Returning to Cryptocampus, of which, as of Micronematus, the
species are small and black-bodied on the whole, but in which the

32 [February,

abdomen is narrow and elongate, the stigma pale at tbe base, and
(as said above) the 2nd cubital n. absent. I only know for certain
three of its species r.s British, which I distinguish as follows : —

TABLE FOR BRITISH CRYPTOCAMPUS SPECIES.

1. Face, including clypeus, quite black in both sexes ater,3\x\'.

At least the apex of clypeus in the ? , and nearly the whole face in the J ,

whitish or yellowish ; 2.

2. Larger— often quite 5 mm. long. Apex of saw-sheath ( ? ) viewed from above

(not laterally) rounded. Claws (according to Thomson) with sub-apical

tooth, and gense buccate medullarius, Htg.

{= pentandrte, Thorns, and Cam.).
Smaller — scarcely 4 mm. long, or less. Apex of saw-sheath (?) viewed from
above sharply pointed. Claws bifid saliceti, Fall.

Ater is probably identical with angustus, C. A specimen in Dr.

Caprou's coll., called angustus, so far as I can see, does not differ

from others named for me by Konow as ater. In some of these

the tegulse are absolutely black, in others merely a little dusky.

I do not know the species described by Cameron as nigritarsis

and Jlavipes, nn. spp., and think it better in these papers to say as

little as possible about forms unknown to me in nature. But I may

mention that Konow considers that the latter =^ testaceipes, Br., an

insect which I have not seen.

From CrgptGcampus we ought, perhaps, to pass next to the genus
most closely allied to it, viz., Pontania. But, as I have already men-
tioned the leg-character by which Croesus and Holcocneme species
may be so easily recognised by collectors, I will endeavour to dispose
of these two genera now, reserving Pontania, &c., for my next paper.

Cecesus, Leach.
With Croesus (though we have apparently only three species, and
those the same that are described by Cameron) 1 have had for some
time past great trouble. This was due partly to mistakes into which
I was led by Mr. Cameron's statements as to the coloration of the
species, which are sometimes incorrect, and even self-contradictory ;*
and partly to an unlucky accident, by which some specimens bred by
Miss Chawner separately from larvae of latipes and septentrional is got
somehow confused and wrongly labelled — at least, that was the con-
clusion to which I came after long puzzling over them, and on sending
them to Herr Konow for his opinion he assured me that such must
undoubtedly have been the case.

* He says, «. g., tliat in latipes, 6 , " the apex of the abdomen is entirely brownish-red," and
shortly after that it has " part of the sixth "(? segment) " and the seventh and eighth entirely
black."

1906.] 33

I believe that now, after a long correspoiidence with Ilerr Konow,
I can separate the species with tolerable certainty. But it must be
admitted that the imagines of latlpes and septentrlonalis are some-
times excessively hard to distinguish ; and but for the fact that their
larvae are totally dissimilar, it would be almost impossible to regard
them as specifically distinct.

{To be continued).

A NEW GALL-INHABITINa BUO FROM BENGAL.
BY DR. G. HORVATH.

Mr. T. T. Kieffer has been kind enough to send me for determi-
nation an Indian species of TincjitidcG, which I found to be un-
described. With my best thanks to Mr. Kieffer, I am glad to give
the description of this new species as follows : —

StEPHANITIS GALLAEUM, 11. sp.

Vesicula antica et membranis marginalibus pronoti elytrisque hyalinis albido-
reticulatis, pills brevibus erectis griseis parce vestitis; capite nigro, bucculis albidis,
fere ubique seque altis et antice ultra apicem tyli pauUo proraiiaulis ; antennis
flavo-testaceis, articulo quarto nigro, articulo tertio articulo hoc 2^ longiore :
pronoto disco dense subtilissimeque punctulato, fusco-castaneo, antice nigro, vesi-
cula antica oblongo-ovata, parum elevata, ante basin antennarum vix extensa,
carinis discoidalibus rectis, parallelis, carina raediana parum elevata, humili, cum
vesicula antica seque alta, uniseriatim areolata, carinis duabus lateralibus sat dis-
tinctisj sed baud areolatis et antrorsum usque ad lineam transversara fictam, ad
apicem posticum vesiculae anticse ductam extensis, membranis marginalibus late
explanatis, irregulariter triseriatim areolatis, apicem versus latioribus, extus leviter
arcuatis, antice oblique truncatis et paullo productis, angulo apicali externo rotun-
dato, processu postico basi nigricante, apice hyaliuo, areolato ; elytris abdomine
multo longioribus et latioribus, mox ante medium fascia transversa subinterrupta,
ante apicem litura obliqua, prope marginem suturalem vitta abbreviata et pone
apicem spatii discoidalis macula subtriangularia nigro-fuscis, plus minusve confluen-
tibus notatis, vesicula discoidali parum elevata, membrana costae lata, basi biseria-
tim dein triseriatim, ad sinum costalem quadriseriatim et ante apicem triseriatim
areolata ; corpore subtus nigro, limbo postico segmentorum pectoris brunneo, mar-
gine antico prosterni, carinis sternalibus pedibusque flavo-testaceis, tarsis apice
nigricantibus. <? . ? . Long. corp. 3, cum elytris 4^ mill.

This species differs from the other Steplianitis by the less developed
prouotal hood and by the little elevated median carina of the pro-
notum, the two lateral carinse being long and much produced
forwards. It was found by Prof. A. Haas in the vicinity of Kurseong,
Bengal, and is there very common on the galls of Machilus gamhlei.
I profit by this occasion to make some synonymical remarks on

34 [February,

the genus Stephanitis. This genus was founded in 1873 by C. Stfd
(Enum. Hem., iii, pp. 119 and 123) for two species from Europe (pyri
Fabr., and oherti^ Kol.) and one from Brazil {mitrata, Stal). But a
year afterwards the same author restricted (6fv. Vet.-Ak. Eorh., 18745
p. 53) his genus to the two European species. It seems that this
fact has escaped the attention of Mr. Gr. C. Champion, who has fixed
(Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 58) >S'. mitrata as the type of
Stephanitis, removing from it the two European species. As a con-
sequence of this arrangement Mr. Gr. W. Kirkaldy has proposed
(Entomologist, 1904, p. 280) for the last two species the generic
name Mcecenas.

It is evident, however, that the name Stephanitis must be re-
served for the Palsearctic (and Oriental) genus, with which the
genus Cadamicstus, established by Mr. W. L. Distant (Aun. Soc. Ent.
Belg., 1903, p. 47) for two Indian species is synonymous. In con-
sequence it is the Neotropical genus which requires a name, and for
which I propose the name Galliphanes. The synonymy of the two
genera will be : —

1. Stephanitis, 8tal (= Cadamustus, Dist., = Mwcenas, Kirk.).

Type : pyri, Fabr.

2. Calliphanes m. (= Stephanitis, Champ., nee Stal). Type:

mitratus, Stal.

Budapest, Uungarian National Museum :
December, 1905.

RARE DRAGON-FLIES IN NORFOLK.

BY H. J. DOBSON, F.E.S.

No Neuropterist can read Mr. G. T. Porritt's articles on his
captures in the Norfolk Broads for two seasons without a desire to
visit these lovely waters, hence I determined to learn something of
the rare Odonata that make their home in the midst of the Broads,

I selected the first week in July last as likely to bring me the
most success, and arrived on the spot on the afternoon of the 5th. In
the evening I made arrangements with a man for the coming day to
row me to various Broads and parts of the river that Mr. Porritt had
kindly informed me were likely to yield the best things ; however, on
the Gth my boatman failed to turn up, and it was 12 o'clock before I
could secure another, who fortunately took a keen pleasure in the

1906.3 35

hunt, and moved the boat with great skill. In the course of half an
hour I had sighted JEscJina Isosceles, but that was as far as I got ;
seeing and catching being two very different things with these crafty
insects.

The next dragon-fly I saw, which stirred up my ambition to
secure it, was Lihellula fulva, and it was no small pleasure to pin it in
my collecting box. The total result for the day was ^schna isosceles
(3c^, 1 ? ),' Orthetriim cancellatum (5c^, 1 ? ), Libellula fidva (6 c?),
&nd Br achi/ Iron pr a fenss (I ^). The female O. cancellatum was se-
cured after much trouble, while depositing her eggs on a water lily
leaf. The following morning we were on the water by 10.30 o'clock,
the day was exceedingly hot with scarcely a breeze. I found the
weather suited the dragon-flies better than it did me, for although I
put more hours into sport, yet I put fewer captures into my box, for
the brilliant hot sunshine made them very shy. In one instance we
tried for three-quarters of an hour to take an /E. isosceles, gently and
quietly moving the boat till we got within four yards of it, but always
to find it moved as quickly as the boat did ; at last a false stroke with
the net settled the question for ever, as it always does with this insect,
for let it once know you want it, away it flies out of sight.

While our boat was gliding among the water lilies in trying to
take this insect I noted Lestes sponsa, and plenty of Erythromma
naias, Agrion imlchellum, A. puella, and a few Libellula quadrimacu-
lata. I took a very nice suffused specimen of the last species, and
also secured one Gordulia cenea. My total bag of the three rare
species for this day numbered only ten, so I determined to go over
the same water again on the following day. We started at the same
time, and the weather was a repetition of the previous day. I secured
after several hours close searching two M. isosceles, which brought
my number up to seven. 0. cancellatum was well in evidence, I saw
three ? s, all of which are now in my cabinet ; I also took a couple
of cJs of the same species, and the same number of L.fulva. Of the
last insect I had now secured eleven, but I regret that not a single ?
was among the number.

It will be observed that this article treats only of Odonata, but
1 may add that I devoted a good deal of time to Hymenoptera and
Lepidoptera ; and while " sugaring " for the latter I had some very
interesting experience with JE. isosceles. It appeared to me that
many of these fine dragon-flies leave the water at sunset and come
into the lanes to get their evening meal prior to roosting in the tops
of high trees.

30 [February,

On July 10th I watched some hali'-dozen whirling round a tree,
catching scores of small flies ; they kept well out of the reach of my
net, and finally disappeared at seven minutes to 9 o'clock, but this
time hardly conveys a fair idea of how late they may remain on the
wing, inasmuch as it was just as dark on this evening at a quarter-past
nine as it was on the previous day at a quarter to ten p.m. I was
sorry I had to leave the locality on the next morning, or otherwise I
think I might have had some good evening sport with this very local
JEschna.

Ivy House, New Maiden, Surrey :
November 6tk, 1905.

NOiES ON SOME COLEOPTERA IxMPOKTED INTO OUR
NORTHERN PORTS.

BY RICHARD S. BAGNALL, F.E.S.

Owing to the large amount of timber which comes into the
chief northern ports, Newcastle, Hartlepool, and Sunderland, many
interesting beetles of foreign origin have been discovered about our
quays and timber yards. This imported timber, which is chiefly used
for " pit-props," comprises pine, fir, larch, birch, and sometimes alder,
and is shipped from the Baltic ports, &c. Jn the light of the recent
remarkable captures in Britain of certain Longicorns (previously
unknown as indigenous), 1 think a list of these imported insects will
prove to be interesting, as many of the Longicorns herein recorded
may yet be found breeding with us, and perhaps owe their origin to
the Hartlepool " pit-props," which are used in collieries far and wide.
The species recorded from Hartlepool ^vere mostly captured by
Mr. Gardner, to whom I am greatly indebted for his kindly help in
preparing these notes. Mr. Donisthorpe has been kind enough to
identify several of those recorded in the following list, which also
includes those recorded by Bold.

MacTonychus {?) parumoculatus, Hardy : an evidently exotic species found by
Hardy in an old collection of beetles, said to have been made in the Newcastle
district. Chrysohothris chrysostigma, L. : Mr. Grardner has taken an example of this
European Buprestid at Hartlepool. Nitidula flexuosa, V. : sands at South Shields
(Bold). Sinoxylon cinaie, Lesne : an Indian Bostrichid injurious to bamboos, &c. ;
several examples were recently found in some furniture (at Newcastle) which originally
came from India. Semanotus^indatus,Ij. : Hartlepool, two examples. Tetropium
luridum, L., var. ? : Hartlepool, several specimens. Callidiwn violaceum, L.,
Phymatodes variabilis, L. : several specimens of each species have occurred at

1906. ] 37

Hartlepool ; I have had the larvae of 0. violaceum sent me from Liverpool. Clytus
arcuatus, L. : Bold records two. examples from the district ; Mr. Gardner has taken
it not infrequently at Hartlepool, and I have heard of the " hornet-beetle " (which
I can only refer to this species) as having been found with timber at Sunderland.
Molorchus minor, L. : Mr. Grardner has taken about a dozen specimens of this
interesting and peculiar Longicorn at Hartlepool. LeiAura testacea^ L., Strangalia
puhfiscensy F., and 8. revestita, L. : Hartlepool, one example of each ; S. revestita is
in the doubtful list of Beare and Donisthorpe's " Catalogue." S. aurulenta, F. :
a few taken by Mr. Robson at Hartlepool, " probably" introduced with birch. Acan-
thocinus xdilis, L. : In the Entomologist's Annual, 1874, p. 55, Mr. Gardner gives
an interesting account of seeing this species in great numbers at Hartlepool : I have
other records from Newcastle, Sunderland, Hartlepool, Durham, Winlaton, and
Burnopfield, and have recently had it sent me from Long Houghton, Chester Moor,
Byer Moor, Winlaton, and other'colliery districts. Pogonochferus fasciculatus, De G. :
taken in great numbers at Hartlepool, and probably imported from Norway; I also
have two or three other species of the genus not yet determined. Monohammus
sartor, F. : one example has been taken at Sunderland, whilst several have occurred
at Hartlepool. M. sutor, L. : I have notes of this species from Hartlepool, Sunder-
land, Durham, Newcastle, Stockton, and near Burnopfield. M. titillator, F. :
Mr. Robson has taken an example of this fine Longicorn at Hartlepool. Saperda
scalaris, L. : Hartlepool, probably introduced with alder. CalUgrapha signati-
pennis, Stal : a Mexican species, recorded by Bold as having been found in a
greenhouse (imported with plants ?) near Newcastle. Blaps gages, L. : the second
example recorded from Britain ; taken by Mr. Frank Winter, Newcastle, from a case
of St. Michael oranges from Ponta Delgada, Azores ; I had the insect sent me for
identification whilst still alive. I afterwards learned that this huge Blaps had been
immersed for some time in a bath of chloroform, with which the captor thought he
had successfully killed it. Our common species (B. mucronata), too, seems quite
indifferent to most poisons or anaesthetics. Pissodes gyllenhali, Schon. : Sunder-
land, with pit props (small larches and Scotch firs) from Norway ; Bold speaks of it
being exhibited by a miner as " the Norway wood louse." P. piniphihis, Herbst :
Sunderland and Hartlepool. Cryplialus tilix, Panz. : one example, Hartlepool (or
Teesdale ?). Pityogenes chalcographus, L. : the examples recorded from Sunderland
are, I feel sure, introduced ; Mr. Gardner has seen this small Scolytid flying in clouds
in the Hartlepool timber yards. Tomicus sexdentatus, Born : one example, Hartlepool
(or Teesdale ?). T. typographus, L. : Hartlepool (or Teesdale ?) ; Mr. Newbery
kindly identified these Scolytidx, and, excepting the Pityogenes, there is some doubt
as to whether they were imported or not ; Mr. Gardner unfortunately did not keep
data of these captures, and considering my recent (indigenous) finds of the same
family, viz., Dryoccetes autographus, Ratz. (Gibside), D.alni, Georg. (Derwent Valley),
Tomicus acuminatus, Gyll. (near Hylton), and T. laricis, F. (near Gibside), there is
no reason why the insects above mentioned should not occur with us, though for the
present I prefer to regard them as introduced.

Of course, many other species, mostly of a cosmopolitan character have been
introduced into the Northumberland and Durham district, of which I may mention
the following: — CaZosoma sycophanta, L. (Newcastle), Carpophilus, Orthocerus,
Lsemoplilceus ferrugineus, Steph., Silvanus surinamensis, L., S. Uderdatus, F.

38 [February,

(Newcastle), various Dermestes, Attagenus, Gibhium, Anohium paniceum, L., Hhizo-
pertha, Lyctus canalicidatus, F. (Hartlepool), Triholium ferrugineum, ¥., Gnatho-
cerus, Palorus ratzebiirgi, Wiss., Alphitohius diaperinus, Pz., A. piceus, 01. (Hartle-
pool), Bruchus pisi, L. (Newcastle), B. rufim.anus, Boh,, Murmidius ovalis, Beck
(Benton), Lucanus cervits, L. (Sunderland, S and ? ), Pissodes notatus, F. (from
Scotland ?), &c.

Truly this is a land of refuge for poor cast out foreigners !

The Groves, Winlaton-on-Tyne :
Novemher 9th, 1905.

Some BucJcinghamshire Coleoptera. — North of that great bend of the Thames
which runs up from Maidenhead round to Reading, the outliers of the Chiltern
hills come down in complicated undulations almost to the river valley. Here are
repeated tlie familiar features of the North Downs — the steep, hot slopes, the dry,
brookless coombs, the rough, scanty vegetation of the chalk — its viper's bugloss, its
St, John's- wort and masses of marjoram. But these hills are crowned in all their
heights and covered over half their slopes by detached and frequent beech woods ;
the trees supply the staple industry of the district whose centre is High Wycombe,
and in the form of kitchen chairs are exported over half the globe. These woods
are generally traversed by numerous footways ; gamekeepei's and enclosures are in-
frequent, and the whole region appeals with considerable force to the itinerant
Entomologist. I was so fortunate as to spend a few days among these valleys last
year, and although, of course, their Coleopterous fauna is very similar to that of
other chalk districts, a record of some of the less common species captured may
not be without interest, as they have been, so far as I am aware, unexplored.

My collecting was limited to a day or two in March and in September, and
with the exception of a little sweeping on the latter occasion, was restricted almost
entirely to sifting dead leaves in the woods and to cutting and shaking out the
thick moss which grew by the sides of them.

The first process was not unremunerative, the dead beech leaves lay in thick
masses in the hollows, and sifting them over a sheet was an easy task. Besides
common species which I do not enumerate, Badister sodalis was abundant, Choleva
wilJcini, very common ; C. spadicea and C. angustata, rave. Among the Staphy-
linidas, Oxypoda spectabills, Mycetoporus lucidus, Euryporus picipes (which I had
never before taken), Quedius lateralis, Q. picipes, Q. fumatus, Philonthus funii-
gatiis, and P. umhratilix, perhaps deserve mention, Medon hruniieus also was very
abundant among these leaves.

Moss along the borders of the woods and on the banks of the deep cut lanes
produced Lehia chlororephala, Pselaphus heisei and Bryaxis fossulata (commonly),
Bythinus burrelli (rarely), Cerylon faqi, Subcoccinella 2^-punctata, Mniophila mits-
corum (frequent), Apion eheninum, A. fiUrostre, A. Jlavimanum, Liosoma ohlongu-
lum (rarely), Ty chins Jun ecus, and TrachypMoeus squamulatus ; here also unex-
pectedly occurred a specimen of Lathridius hergrothi, perhaps introduced in the
seed corn with which the adjacent field had been sown.

1906.] 39

A few hours' sweeping in September resulted in the abundant capture of a
dark form of Lonqitarsus pusillus. This appears to be the Thyamia collaris of
Stephens, and is probably synonymous with L. reichei of British Collections.
Other more or less common contents of the net worth notice were Micrurula
melanocephala, Meligethes luguhris, Phyllotreta consobrlna, Longitarsus pulex,
Apion pallipes, A. trifolii, A. apricans, A. atomarium, A. viciniim, A. ononis, and
A. waltoni, Ceuthorrhynchidius horridus, Coeliodes cardui, and Rhinoncus hru-
cJioides. In a fungus on a tree stump, Qyrophena strictula was abundant, and
Haploderus aelatus swarmed in a heap of hedge trimmings.

From a Coleopterist's point of view, the defect of so well wooded a district is
the absence of old and decayed timber of any kind — a fact explained by the con-
stant and systematic felling of most of the timber as it reaches a certain size for the
chair factories ; the absence of water is of course a feature common to all clialk
districts.

The above samples, however, taken during a few hours, and at by no means the
best times in the year, suggest a not uninteresting fauna to the student and fair
results to the collector, as the reward of systematic work in this district. — W. E.
Sharp, South Norwood : January, 1906.

Coleoptera from old birds' nests. — I have had exceptional opportunities this
autumn for examining old nests in hollow trees, and have found several species of
Coleoptera which are generally regarded as very rare in some numbers. The three
chief trees I examined were: 1. A very ancient and quite hollow elm, which con-
tained an old owl's nest and a great quantity of debris and rotten wood. 2. An
ash, which had probably been weakened by a lightning stroke and then attacked
and hollowed out by Dorcus paraUelopipedus, L., which was still at work in it.
At the bottom of the hollow was a large heap of wood debris, bats' dung, and old
straw from a starling's nest. 3. A beech with an old green woodpecker's hole in
the trunk, which had been occupied by the usual sequence of lodgers, viz., green
woodpeckers, starlings, and bats. At the bottom of the hole there was a small
quantity of debris, consisting chiefly. of the remains of insects rejected by the bats,
and bats' dung. Four species of Qoleoptern I found in all these trees, viz., Hister
metdarius, Hoff., Dendrophilus pundatus, Hbst., and Trox scaber, L., which were
common, and Quedius brevicornis, Th., of which I took 16 specimens altogether.

Coleoptera from the rotten wood and owl's nest in elm ti-ee : — Microglossa
gentilis, Mark, (in numbers) ; Quedius ventralis, Ahr. (1) ; Philonthus fuscus,
Gr. (1) ; Choleva colonnides, Kr. (30) ; Euplectus pundatus, Muls. ; Qnathoneus
nannetensis, Mars. ; Attagenus pellio, L. ; Isclmodes sanguinicollis, Pz.

Coleoptera from ash tree : — Microglossa pulla, G-yll. ; Quedius microns, Gr. ;
Hapala/rxa pygmasa, Pk. ; Clambus pubescens, Redt. ; Neuraphes rubicundus,
Schm. (7) ; Eupledus pundatu.s, Muls. ; E, nanus, Reich. ; Ptenidium gressneri, Er. ;
Abraeus granulum, Er. ; Cryptophagus bicolor, Stm., and a large number of larvae of
what I hope will prove to be Eryx ater, F., as many remains of this beetle were also
found.

Coleoptera from bat's nest in beech: — Microglossa marginalis, Gyll. (1);
PMlonthus fuscus, Gr. (3) ; Quedius ventralis, Ahr. ; Ptenidium gressneri, Er.

40 [February,

Neuraphes ruhicundus I have before taken in association with bats (see Ent.
Mo. Mag., Vol. xl, p. 279, where it is recorded erroneously as N. carinatus, Muls.).

Philonthus fiiscus I took from the intact but damp and rotten wood ; I have
taken it before in such situations and vinder damp bark in company with Quedius
ventralis. Quedius hrevicornis was always found in the loose debris, in just such
a place as one would expect Q. inicro'ps, G-r., a species it much resembles in habits.
As I find I took Microglossa suturalis from the fresh nest of a great-tit in June,
I have obtained all the five members of this genus in birds' nests during the year.

I examined the ddbris from another hollow ash, which contained a nest of the
honey bee, but did not find a single insect. — Noeman H. Joy, Bradfield, near
Reading : November 26th, 1905.

floleoptera from a wine cellar. — I have on several occasions examined a wine
cellar near here with small results ; but a few minutes' sifting there in October this
year produced: Hypocyptus ovulum, Heer ; Orthope^'us atomarius, Heer ; Mycetxa
hirta, M arsh. ; Anommatiis\2-striatus,Mn]\. ; Lathridins bergrothi,'Reitt. ; Enicmus
minutus, L. ; Corticaria fulva, Com. ; Atomaria nigriventris, Steph. ; Niptus holo-
leucus, Fall. ; and Pentarthrum huttoni, Woll. It is interesting to note that six of
these species are without pigment, i.e., are of a light yellow colour.- -Id.

Smicrus filicornis, Fairrn., at Bradfield, Berkshire. — Canon Fowler has kindly
identified a small Trichopterygid which I took in March this year as Smicrns fili-
cornis, Fairm. It was obtained by sifting dead leaves and bracken. — Id.

Ptinux tecfus, Boield., in Scotland. — In the early part of November my friend,
Mr. Evans, sent me some specimens of a species of Ptinus which he had taken
freely in a flour mill near the Carnegie Park, Dunfermline, on October 28th. The
specimens were soon identified as fectua. I paid a visit to Dunfermline on Nov.
25th and found that the insect was abundant all over the flour mill ; with it
occurred Cryptophagus cellaris, Scop,, and Niptus hololeucus, Fall. ; both these
species, however, were far less abundant than the' Ptinus. During the present
month I contributed a short paper to the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh on
the introduction of P. tectus into Great Britain and gave details as to the rapid
way in which it appeared to be spreading throughout the country. During the
meeting I was informed that a specimen of the species had been taken by Mr. Or.
Ellison in August, 1905, at Stromness, in the Orkneys, among hops in a bakehouse.
All the places in which this species has been taken in G-reat Britain so far, are
either seaports or in the immediate neighbourhood of ports. — T. Hudson Beare,
10, Regent Terrace, Edinburgh : Deeemher 19ih, 1905.

Megacronus formo.'ius, Gr., as British. — Stephens records this species from
near Swansea. He writes (III. Mand., vol. v, p. 168), " Very rare in England ; taken
near Swansea, and I believe within the metropolitan district." There is a specimen
in the Stophensian Collection labelled " Swansea," and there is no reason to suppose
it was not taken there. — Horace Donisthorpe, 51, Kensington Mansions, London,
S.W. : December, 1905.

1906.] 41

Cubocephalus nigriventris, Thorns., parasitic on Tetropium. — When I was
working for the Tetropium discovered at Market Bosworth by Mr. Bouskell, I dug
an Ichneumon out of the cell of the beetle, which I gave to Mr. Morley. He now
tells me this is Cubocephalus nigriventris, Th., and has never been bred anywhere
before. It has been observed in Norfolk and Devon, and its range extends through-
out Northern and Central Europe. The Ichneumon has red legs, as also has Mr.
Bouskell's form of Tetropium {T. gabrieli, Weise ?), and is probably rare in this
country. — Id.

Diptera in Dumbartonshire in 1905. — During the past summer I devoted con-
siderable time to collecting Diptera, the records of which are very incomplete for the
West of Scotland. I met with considerable success, adding many species to our
rather meagre list. In the Dolichopodidce I met with about 50 species, including
Dolichopus festiviis, D. signatus, D. griseipennis, Hercostomus nigripennis, Hypo-
phyllus obscurellus, Gymnopternus celer, Chrysotus cilipes, Argyra confinis (six
specimens), Porphyrops micans, Hydrophoras nebulosus, Liancalus virens, Camp-
sicnemus loripes, C. scambus, Ectomus alpinus, and Teuchophorus spinigerellus, all
of which are new to the local list. In the other families I also turned up a few
additions to the list, viz., Follenia vespillo, Cyrtoneura pabulorum, Pogonomyia
aljncola, Phorbia muscaria (at sallow bloom), Macrorchis means, M. meditata,
Hylomyia Jlavipennis, Chortophila buccata, Mydxa longitarsis? (1 ^ )> Mydasa
vespertina, Hydrotn'a militaris, H. similis, Palloptera saltuum, Spilographa zoe^
S. alternata (bred from hips of wild rose), Verrallia aucta, Platypera atra, Urellia
stellata, Chilosia Iwnesta, C. bergenstammi, 0. grossa, C. albipila, Conops 4i-fasciata,
Helornyza rufa, H. ustulata, Blepharoptera spectabilis ?, Pegomyia latitarsisy
P. hcemorrhoum, Merodon equestris (flying among Narcissi at Strathloven), Syrphus
guttatus (very common at Spirxa in garden at Strathloven), Chrysogaster splendens,
and C. solstitialis (both occurred along with guttatus) , Macquartia afinis, Coelomyia
molUssima (very common in several parts of the locality), Sepsis punctum (one
specimen), and CarpJwtricha guttularis (two specimens), Xylota sylvarum (one
specimen), Platycliirus discimanus (common at sallow on the hills in May),
Tephritis miliaris, Balioptera tripuncta (one specimen), B. combinata (common),
Em-pis borealis, flying alongside hill streams early in the year, Clinocera fontinalis,
common in marshes, along with Parhydra Utoralis. All of these species are new to
our published list. I have a large number of specimens still unnamed, and I hope
that before the next season opens I may be able to identify all of them. Already I
possess lUO species that have not been previously recorded for the Clyde district,
and that number will, I have no doubt, be augmented by half, as the result of a
season's collecting. — J. R. Malloch, Bonhill, Dumbartonshire : December^ 1905.

Retarded emergence of Leiocampa dictieoides, Esp. — In November, 1903, I
received three pupae of Leiocampa dictxoides from Kent ; these yielded perfect
imagines during 1904, on the following dates : June 12th ( ? ), June 13th ( ? ), and
July \Uh (^),all three pupae having been kept in the same cage throughout!
July 14th seems a remarkably late date for a species that is normally out in May
and June, and had the freshly-emerged moth been captured at large then it would
have been only natural to suppose that it was an early representative of the second

D

42 [February,

brood, which is sometimes fully out at the beginning of August. The approximate
hour of emergence of one of the three specimens is quite unknown, but of the
other two, one left the pupa between 8 and 10 p.m., while the other was expanding
its wings at 10.50 p.m. From Mr. Tutt's " Practical Hints," ii, 49, we learn, how-
ever, that the imagines resulting from some larvse, collected by the Rev. C. F.
Thornewill in 1891, emerged during the afternoon. — Eustace R. Eankes, Norden,
Corfe Castle : January Qth, 190(5.

[In Yorkshire we are never surprised to see either L. dictxoides or L. dictxa
on any date between the end of May and middle of July. — G. T. P.]

Abundance of Limnophilus elegans in the Isle of Man. — Referring to the note
on Limnophilus elegans (Ent. Mo. Mag., July, 1905, p. 47) Dr. R. T. Cassal
followed up his discovery with vigour last June, and soon found that the species
was quite an abundant insect in the Northern portion of the Isle of Man. He was
able to fill up my series with 30 additional specimens, and had still enough left to
enrich the collections of others of our Trichopterists. For a species, the British
known specimens of which, up to last year, could probably have been counted on the
fingers of one's hands, this is very satisfactory. Another less noteworthy, but yet
interesting species which Dr. Cassal sent me for determination, among his captures
in the same district in 1905, was Limnophilus xanthodes. — GrEO. T. Poeeitt,
Huddersfield : January bth, 1906.

Tortrix pronubana in Guernsey. — This pretty species was not noticed in
Guernsey before the autumn of 1898, when the Rev. F. E. Lowe took two speci-
mens. Since that time it has become abundant, appearing in the perfect state
during September and October. The larvse are usually found feeding on the leaves
of Euonymus in hedges, but in the summer of 1900 I had a number of these larva?
brought to me which had been found in a greenhouse feeding on grapes. Several
bunches were each tenanted by tw^o or three larvse which had spun the berries
together and were living between them. — W. A. Luff, Brock Road, Guernsey :
January, 1906.

Tortrix pronubana, lib. — The following additional information as to the food-
habits of this species may be of interest. In a letter to me dated August 9th, 1899,
Mr. W. A. Luff, of Guernsey, wrote as follows : " A short time ago a gentleman
brought me sevei'al Tortrix larvse which he said were doing great damage to the
grapes in his greenhouse, eating into the ripe berries. I was successful in breeding
one specimen of the moth which turns out to be Tortrix pronubana, the species
captured by Mr. Lowe last year." — E. N, Bloomfield, Guestling Rectory :
January 9th, 1906.

A Butterfly Passenger. — In the first week of August on going over from Ryde
to Stokes Bay I saw a beautiful ^ specimen of Jjycxna argiolus on board the
steamboat, flying merrily up and down the deck, and occasionally settling on the
various pots of flowers that were on board. — C. W. Dale, Glanvilles Wootton :
January \Zth, 1906.

1906.] 43

3Irs. Emma Sarah II ut chins on. — It is with deep regret that we have to record
the death, after a long illness, of Mrs. E. S. Hutchinson, whose name has been
familiar to two generations of English Lepidopterists. The daughter of Commander
Thomas G-ill, R.N„ a distinguished naval officer, she was born in 1820, at Llyswen
Yicarage, Breconshire, and married, in 18i7, the Rev. Thomas Hutchinson, Vicar
of Kimbolton, Herefordsliire. There being no Vicarage house, they resided at
G-rantsfield, where Mr. Hutchinson, who held the living for 62 years, and was an
ardent botanist, died in July, 1903, aged 88, and his widow passed away on
December lOth last, in her 86th year.

Much interested from an early age in Natural History, the subject of our
notice gave no special attention to the insect world until her eldest son, when five
years old, captured with great delight a specim.en of Ourapteryx samhucaria. The
spark was thus fanned into a flame which never died out, and she thenceforth
devoted herself with untiring zeal and energy to the study of the Lepidoptera^
though by no means neglecting her gai*den, of which she was passionately fond.

Mrs. Hutchinson, who showed exceptional skill in rearing butterflies and moths,
added considerably to our knowledge of the life-histories of various local species,
including, to use the names that she employed, Vanessa c-album, Eupithecia con-
signata, E. irriguata, &c., either by recording her own observations, or by supplying
friends with ova or larvae wanted for description. Numerous collections have been
enriched by her with these and other treasures, such as Acidalia degeneraria, while
" The Entomologist " and " The Young Naturalist " contain scattered notes from
herself or her children in which are recorded their captures, in the Leominster
district, of many rarities, e.g., Acronycta alni, Dicranura hicuspis, Xylina semi-
brunnea, the two above-named Eupithecix and Cerostoma asperella^ for which the
only other known British locality is Grlanvilles Wootton, Dorset, where, however, it
has not been seen since 1831. It is worthy of mention that, after obtaining ova
from a female captured in 1874, she, with her daughter's assistance, continued to
rear E. consignata until the time of her death, no fresh blood being ever introduced
— a wonderful instance of the closest in-breeding being successfully carried on for
31 years without any loss of fertility or diminution in size !

By her kindness, liberality, and enthusiasm, Mrs. Hutchinson endeared herself
to many personal friends, and to a still wider circle of correspondents, amongst
whom were numbered, of a past generation, Doubleday, Newman, Stainton, Buckler,
Hellins, and other noted Entomologists.

During her long life our esteemed friend suffered many sorrows and bereave-
ments, all borne with exemplary resignation and fortitude, as evidenced by letters
penned to the writer during some of her darkest days. Of her family of three sons
and four daughters, all of whom inherited their parents' love of Natural History,
one son and three daughters pre-deceased her, and, during the last three and a half
years of her life, she lost husband, son, daughter, and sister-in-law ! To her eldest
son, Mr. Thomas Hutchinson, an ex-President of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field
Club, as well as to his brother and sister, we would offer the sincere sympathy of
British Entomologists. — Eustace R. Bankes.

D 2

44 [February,

Birmingham Entomological Society: October I6t7i, 1905.— Mr. G. T.
Bethune-Baker, President, in the Chair.

Reference was made to the death of Mr. J. W. Douglas, who was one of the
Honorary Members of the Society, and had been so since its commencement.

Mr. W. Harrison showed Pheosia tremuJa, CI. {dict^.a, Esp.), from Selb; Oak,
which he tliought was a new locab'ty for it, also a series of Nonagria typhx, Thnb.,
from Sandwell Mill Pond, and other local insects. Mr. G. H. Kenrick, a small
collection of butterflies made in Mexico during a recent hurried visit to that
country ; he remarked that the first three butterflies he saw on leaving the city of
Mexico to collect were Pyrameis atalanta, L., P. cardui, L., and Vanessa antiopa,
L. Mr. N. S. Searle, various Lepidoptera from Norfolk, Cirrhcedia xerampelina,
Hb., and ArsUoncJie venosa, Blch., from Feltwell Fen, and Leucania ohsoleta, Hb.,
from Denner. Mr. J. T. Fountain, some larvfe which he believed to be Apamea
unanimis, Tr. ; they were found in abundance on the Stratford Canal, near Yardley,
living in tubes turned up out of the leaves of a sedge-like grass.

November 28th, 1905.— The President in the Chair.

Eev. F. D. Morice exhibited the whole of his collection of British and Palae-
arctic Chrysididpe ; the British species filled one box, and comprised a nearly
complete set of those known to occur in this country, including such rarities as
Hedychridiuni coriaceum, Dahlb., of which five specimens were shown, probably
all that have been taken in this country ; the Palaearctic series filled six boxes,
and were a wonderfully rich and complete lot. Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, a
very fine collection of Lepidoptera received from New Guinea, and also by means
of a lantern a number of slides illustrating the country in which the specimens
were taken.— Colbran J. Wainwright, Hon. Secretary.

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society : The second ordinary
meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Royal Institution, Liverpool, on
Monday, November 20th, 1905, the Vice-President, Mr. Richard Wilding, in the
Chair. Communications were read from Miss Hannah Johnson and Mr .C. W. Dale.
Eleven new Members were elected, and seventeen candidates for membership were
proposed. Lantern demonstrations were given by Messrs. Oscar Whittaker and
Oulton Harrison. Mr. Whittaker's fine series of Micro-slides, specially prepared
by himself, dealt with the Orders Ooleoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera, Amongst
the subjects shown were excellent preparations of the antennae of Hydrophilus
piceus, Acilius sulcatus and Melolnntha vulgaris; maxillary palpi o( Acilius sulcaius
and Creophilus maxillosus ; antenna, tongue, tarsus of fore-leg, &c., of the Hover-fly,
Eristalis tenax ; head of the common gnat, Culex pipiens, showing the beautifully
feathered antennae of the male ; parasites, of different ages, from the peacock ; a
series of slides of Coriota geoffroyi ; fore-leg of C. pneusta ; elytra of C. sahlhergi
and Notonecta glauca ; antennae of C. geoffroyi and N. glauca arranged for com-
parison, &c. Much information of an interesting and instructive character was
imparted during the exhibition. Mr. Oulton Harrison's demonstration consisted of

I

1906.]

45

a long and beautiful series of lantern slides from photographs of Lepidopterous ova,
larvffi, and imagines, by Mr. Hugh Main, B.Sc. Amongst those shown and
described were the following: magnified ova of H. ahruptaria ; A. atropos, on
potato ; pnpffi of M. stellatarum ; C. lychnifis, feeding on black mullein seeds ;
V. vinula, vesting for moulting; E. versicolor; M.pisi; 0. potatoiia, on coltsfoot;
ova of B. ruhi, on sweet gale; larvae of G. quercifolia; S. lulricipeda; magnified
antenna of 0 antiqua, and female of the same species depositing her eggs ; exposed
pup* of N. arundinis in stems of bulrush ; larvoe of P. snmragdaria on sea worm-
wood ; a series of photographs of moths at rest, to show the protective value afforded by
the various tree-trunks, lichens, &e., on which they usually settle ; larvse, at different
ages, chrysalids, and imago of P. macliaon ; winter and summer forms of the pupa
of L. sinapis ; chrysalis of I. sihylla ; a series of slides showing larvae of P. atnlanta
in their natural surroundings, also pupae and imagines of the same species ; ova of
M. aurinia on the devil's-bit scabious, &c., &c. The undermentioned exhibits
were shown : Cahera pusaria and the variety rotnndaria, by Mr. W. Mansbridge,
in exhibiting which he dealt with the question of specific or varietal value for the
latter insect. Three specimens of Limnophilus elegans, one of the rarest of the
European caddis-flies, captured at Ballaugh, Tsle of Man, and presented to the
Society by Dr. E. T. Cassal. Pterostichus parumpunctatus, from Gibside (R.
Bagnall) ; Thanashmi^ fonnicnrius from Monks Wood (R. Tait, junr.) ; and the
earwig, Apterygida media, from ITuntingfield, Kent (H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe) by
Mr. E. J. B. Sopp, F.R.Met.S.-E. J. B. Sopp and W. Delamerr Hakrison,
Hon. Secretaries.

Annual Meeting.
The Annual Meeting was held in the Royal Institution, Liverpool, on Monday,
December 18th. In the absence of the President, Mr. S. J. Cappee, F.E.S , Mr.
Richard Wilding, Vice-President, occupied the Chair. The following were
elected Members of the Society : The Right Hon. Lord Avebury, P.O., D.C.L.,
LL.D., George Arnold (University of Liverpool), Eustace R. Bankes, M.A., F.E.S.,
Geo. C. Champion, F.Z.S., F.E.S., Thos. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S., Chas. W.,
Dale FES, Rev. H. S. Gorham, F.Z.S., F.E.S., Herbert Goss, F.L.S., F.E.S.,
Martin Jacoby, F.E.S., Gervase F. Mathew, F.L.S., F.E.S., R.N.. Professor Raphael
Meldola, F.R.S., F.C.S., F.E.S., Frederic Merrifield, F.E.S., President of the
Entomological Society of London, Claude Morley. F.E.S., David Sharp, M.A.,
M.B.,F.R.S.,H. R. Sweeting, Colonel Charles Swinhoe, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S., Gerald
M. Taylor, M.A., Rev. A. Thornley, M.A., F.E.S., Commander J. J. Walker, M.A.,
R.N., F.L.S., and Lieut.-Colonel John W. Yerbury, R A., F.Z.S., F.E.S.

The Secretary then read the Report of the Council, an eminently satisfactory
one. The Treasurer, (Dr. J. Cotton) then presented his Balance Sheet which
showed a substantial and increased balance at the bank.

The Annual Address by Mr. Horace St. J. K. Donisthorpe, F.Z.S., F.E.S.,
Vice-President, was then communicated.

On the motion of the Chairman a very cordial vote of thanks was accorded
Mr. Donisthorpe, whose paper it was resolved to print in full in the proceedings of

the Society.

The following officers were elected to serve during 1906 : Fresident, Samuel

46 [February,

J. Capper, Esq., F.E.S. Vice-Presidents : Professor T. Hudson Beare, B.Sc,
F.E.S., F.R.S.E. ; Richard Wilding ; J. H. Bailey, M.B., Ch.B, ; E. J. B. Sopp,
F.R.Met.S., F.E.S. ; Professor E. B. Poulton, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., and J. R.
Charnley, F.Z.S., F.E.S. Hon. Treasurer : J. Cotton, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., L.S.A.
Hon. Secretaries : H. R. Sweeting, M.A. ; W. Mansbridge E.E.S., and W. Dela-
mere-Harrison. Hon. Editor: J. R. le B. Tomlin, M.A., F.E.S. Hon. Librarian :
F. N. Pierce, F.E.S. Council : H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe, F.Z.S., F.E.S., A. Tippins,
W. A. Tyerman, B. H. Crabtree, F.E.S., J. Kidson Taylor, J. F. Button,
W. Webster, M.R.S.A.T., F. R. Dixon-Nuttall, F(R.M.S., Rev. T. B. Eddrup, M.A.,
C. E. Stott, R. Tait, jun., and P. Edwards, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., L.S.A. The
following were re-apppointed Recorders : Coleoptera, J. R. le B. Tomlin ; Hymen-
optera, Edward Saunders, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.E.S. : Lepidoptera, F. N. Pierce ;
Diptera, C. R. Billups, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., and E. E. Lowe, F.L.S. ; Neuroptera,
W. J. Lucas, B.A., F.E.S., Orthoj)tera, E. J. B. Sopp, and Hemiptera, Oscar
Whittaker.

Exhibits were shown as follows : British Lepidoptera by Mr. R. Tait, jun.
Three cases of West African I^epidoptera, captured on the Gold Coast during May,
1905, by Mr. W. A. Tyerman. S. carpini, as a weasel, a case of mimicry, by Dr.
P. Tinne. The stick insect, Tirachoides speetahilis, from New Guinea, by Mr.
J. J. Richardson. Mecostethus qrossu^, L., from the New Forest, pi'esented to the
Society by Mr. W. J. Lucas. CreopMlus maxUlosus, L., with a red thorax, from
Ashton-on-Mersey, in November (R. Tait, Jun.), a perfect specimen of the green
cockroach, Panchlora virescens, Thunb., captured amongst bananas in Manchester
(H. Garnett), and the Central American earwig, Apterygida linearis, Esch., from
the Liverpool Docks, by Mr. Sopp, and identified by Mr. Malcolm Burr. — E. J. B.
Sopp, J. R. le B. Tomlin, W. D. Haeeison, Hon. Secretaries.

FURTHER NOTES

ON THE CAPTURE OF AMAUA ANTHOBTA, Villa,

AND THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF A. FAMILIARIS, Duft.,

A. ANTHOBTA, AND A. LUCID A, Duft.

BY THE REV. GEORGE A. CRAWSIIAY, M.A.

{Concluded from No. 494, Ent. 3Io. Mag., page 161.)

On presenting specimens of A. antltohia to British Coleopterists
I find that some difference of opinion exists as to its specific value,
a few being inclined to regard it as a variety either of A. fainiliaris
or of A. lucid a.

It is interesting to note, in connection with this, that Schaum
united anthohia and familiaris under one species (Ins. Deutschl. i,
p. 533), while Dejean united lucida and familiaris. The large
majority of Coleopterists, however, appear to regard anthohia as
distinct. I have carefully examined 300 examples of anthohia taken

1906.] 47

by various Coleopterists at Leighton, Deal, Shirley, King's Lynn,
Oxford, New Forest, Chatham, Paris District, &e. ; 350 examples
of familinris, chiefly from Leighton ; upwards of 100 lucida from
Deal, Isle of Wight, S. Issey (Cornwall), King's Lynn, South])ort, &c.,
and I am of opinion that anthohia is a fairly good species. It pos-
sesses distinctive characters, some of which are a little difficult
perhaps to detect in isolated individuals, but apparent when viewed
in a good series, and when series of each species are set beside each
other for comparison.

Various continental Coleopterists have described the insect, but
no description I have seen seems to me to bring out fully the
differentiating characters of the three species,

(1) Size — Both Putzeys (Mem. Soc. Koy, Sci. Liege, 1866,
p. 184?) and Ganglbauer (Die Kafer von Mittel-europa, i, p, 320)
make anthohia of the same size as familiaris. In my experience it is
intermediate between familiaris and lucida. The three species over-
lap, but antlwhia, in the examples before me, never attains the greatest
size of familiaris ; it averages about \ mm, less, in length, than this
species, nor does it occur as small as the smallest lucida.

The following statistics of averages taken on a hundred speci-
mens of each species (all the familiaris and anthohia being from
Leighton, and the lucida from various localities) show this : —

mm. mm. mm, mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm.
4i : 5 : 5i : 5i : 51 : 6 : 6i : 6^ : 6! : 7 : 7i

A. familiaris {lao) 1 : 0 : 1 : 22 : 26 : 19 : 16 : 14 : 1

A. anthohia {\Q0) 2:2 : 7 : 14 : 39 : 19 : 16 : 1

A. lucida (100) 7 : 11 : 14 : 34 : 23 : 11

Average size, approximately. Range.

A. familiaris 6i mm 54 mm. — 74 mm.

A. anthohia 6 mm 5 mm. — 6f mm.

A. lucida 5^ mm 4f mm. — 6 mm.

It was the smaller size of anthohia as compared with familiaris
that first induced me to take a few specimens of the former for
examination.

(2) Coloration— (a) where the three species take a bronze shade
anthohia is always of a brighter shade than either familiaris or lucida.
Moreover, a dark greenish-blue shade occurs rarely in lucida, which
I have not seen in either of the others.

(h) Anthohia is always the most shining of the three, the (^
being slightly but perceptibly more so than the (^ ^ oi familiaris
and lucida, and the ? more markedly so than the ? ? of the two

48 [February, 1906.

latter species. This lustre seems to be due to a more superficial
reticulation of the upper surface in antlwhla.

(c) In the colour of the legs anthohia is distinct, the red being
of a colder and more umber shade than is the case with the other two
species.

This character is constant in my long series taken at Leighton
Buzzard, and is best distinguished when a number of individuals of
each species freshly killed are placed close together on their backs in
separate batches, and the batches side by side. In this way the black
under-sides show up the different shades of red in the legs, which are
mostly folded over them. The difference is visible when the batches
are composed either entirely of mature specimens or of specimens of
all degrees of immaturity mixed. I have submitted batches of
anthohia and familiaris to different people who have readily dis-
tinguished this difference, among them Mr. E. A. Waterhouse. This
gentleman first called my attention to the greater brightness of the
$ anthohia as compared with the ? familiaris in some thirty examples
which I had sent him.

(3) General outline — In anthohia the elytra have the appearance
of being wider behind the middle than in familiaris or luclda. This,
I think, is actually due to the narrowing of the elytra at the base
proportionately, to meet the contracted base of the thorax, whereas
in familiaris and lucida the thorax is widest at the base, and the base
of the elytra proportionately so. This character is not sexual. It is
variable and very marked in some individuals.

(4) Smaller thorax — As a rule the thorax in anthohia is not only
shorter but smaller than in familiaris and lucida, thus enhancing the
heavy appearance of the insect behind.

(5) Prescutellary j)ore. — As to other differentiating characters
mentioned by Putzeys and Ganglbauer, the prescutellary pore is an
excellent character by which Bedel separates the species from

familiaris 'M\& lucida. It is umbilicate, piliferous, attached to the base
of the scutellary stria, or, in some cases, situated close beside it. I find
that, in one per cent. (I have seen three in 300 specimens), one of
these pores may fail, but never, in my experience, both. On finding
one specimen in my first eighteen minus a pore, I expected, in a large
number of examples, to find a case in which both were absent ; but
1 have not seen an insect bearing the characters of anthohia without
the pore being present on one or other elytron. In the instances
where one pore was absent all the other characters of anthohia were
present in a marked degree.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1906.— Plate I.

^:

y.v}^

X eo
XL

\^

^ -KIO

Tu:. xio

2Fx60

^

xzo

n. L. F. GUERMONPREZ, Del.

EEUTERELLA HELYIMACULA, Et^deel.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1906.— Plate II.

Fig. a.

Fig. B.

CEUATOPHYLLUS INSULAEIS, Eothsch., n. sp.

March, 1906.] 49

M. Bedel informs me that he knows of no exception to the rule
of two pores, and the specimens he sends me bear both. 1 have
already recorded an instance of the abnormal number of three pores
occurring in anthohia in the region of the scutellum, the additional
one being situated at the base of the sutural stria on one elytron.

On the other hand, rare exceptions to the rule of no prescutellary
pores occur in lucida. I have seen one in about 120 examples
in which the insect bears one prescutellary pore.

In familiaris exception to the rule of no prescutellary pores
proves extremely rare. I have come across none in 350 examples of
my own. Mr. Champion has kindly communicated to me a specimen
from his collection bearing two pores rather similar to those of
anthohia, but all the other characters of familiaris are present in this
insect.

(6) Prominent eyes — marking out anthohia and lucida from
familiaris.

There seems to be little or no variation in this character.

(7) Thoracic fovece impunctate. — A character differentiating an-
thohia from familiaris and lucida. It is constant in all cases of
anthohia which have come to my notice. I observe, however, that
about 5 per cent, of familiaris may be impunctate also, and a slightly
larger percentage of lucida.

(8) Margins of thorax. — In common with lucida, anthohia has
the anterior margin of the thorax straighter than familiaris, and
consequently the anterior angles less prominent. Marking it out from
both familiaris and lucida, anthohia has the sides of the thorax in
front straighter and the base contracted, whereas the thorax is
widest at the base in familiaris and lucida and contracted in front.
This character is somewhat variable.

As a rule I think it is a comparatively easy matter to distinguish the
three species, but, should a combination of abnormal characters occur
in lucida which I have known to occur separately in that species, such
as the thoracic fovese impunctate, sides of the thorax at the base
slightly contracted, and in front not strongly narrowed, together
with the presence of a prescutellary pore, it might be difficult to
tell it from abnormal anthohia.

I do not know how far the difference in the shade of the legs
would tell in the case of old specimens cleaned up. I have only
observed it in fresh examples.

Since dealing, in the first part of this note, with the various

50 [March,

captures of antJiohia in Britain, Dr. Sharp has kindly communicated
to me 14 specimens taken at Deal, 1863-72, one specimen from
Shirley, and Mr. Atmore one specimen taken by himself at King's
Lynn, all hitherto unrecorded.

Leighton Buzzard :

Becemler l^th, 1905.

EDITORIAL.

The vacancy on our staff, caused by the recent death of our
colleague, the late Mr. J. W. Douglas, has been filled by Mr. James
E. Collin, F.E.S.

In view of the numerous and important papers on Bipfera which
appear in oar pages, we feel assured that our readers, no less than
ourselves, will welcome the addition to our number of so competent
a worker in the Order as Mr. Collin has proved himself to be.

ANTIPODEAN FIELD NOTES.

III.— A SKETCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGY OF SYDNEY, N.S.W.

BY JAMES J. WALKER, M.A., R.N., F.L.S.

{Concluded from, pctge 27).

But the most productive by far of all the Australian flowers are
those of the Myrtaceous shrubs belonging to the genera Leptospermum
(" tea-tree ") and Angophora (" native apple"), two or three species of
which are found abundantly in suitable situations throughout the
Sydney district. The blossoms of the larger Eucalypti, though perhaps
equally attractive to insects, are as a rule too high out of reach to be
readily worked ; and the allied " turpentine-tree," Metrosideros lepto-
petala, F. von M., abundant at Belmore and elsewhere near Sydney,
comes into flower rather too early in the season for the bulk of the
Coleoptera. A few of the early BuprestidcBy including the yellow-
spotted Stigmodera elongata, Saund., and 10-maciilata, Kirby, may also
be taken in September on the beautiful pink blossoms of JSriostemon
myoporoides, De C. (ButacecB). About the middle of October the
Leptosper7num produces a great profusion of delicately scented small
white flowers, not very unlike those of the hawthorn in appearance,
which in the low country are usually nearly or quite over by mid-
December, though at this time the blossom is in perfection in the

1906.] 51

Blue Mountains at an elevation of about 3000 feet. All orders of
Insects, the Ooleoptera especially, find in these flowers an almost
irresistible attraction, and those of another Myrtaceous shrub,
Kunzma corifolia, Eeich. (the " tick-bush "), abundant in waste places,
are not to be despised ; but in this respect both are surpassed by those
of AngopJiora cordifolia, Cav., par excellence the favourite flower of
the Australian Coleopterist. The AnrfopJiora is usually a gnarled and
crooked-growing shrub or small tree, mostly found in dry rocky
situations, its leaves bearing a sufficient resemblance in appearance
to those of the apple-tree to account for its local name. The creamy-
white, many-stamened flowers, which appear from the middle of
November to the end of the year, are produced in large flat crowded
corymbs, and in such abundance as to render a patch of blossoming
Angophora a conspicuous object at a long distance in the " busb."
The flowers are full of honey, and possess a sweet and rather spicy
fragrance, combined with an odour reminiscent of that of ivy-bloom,
and somewhat oppressive under a hot sun. The shrub, too, seems to
flourish and bloom most profusely on ground over which a bush fire
has passed, so that in working it one soon gets covered with a sticky
mixture of honey, charcoal, and perspiration, which, combined with
the number of small beetles and other creatures that manage to get
down one's back, makes the searching of Angophora not altogether
a pleasant operation ; beating Leptospermum is much cleaner work.
But the abundance and variety of insect life attracted to these
flowers in favourable weather is nothing short of marvellous, and I
have seen few, if any, more impressive Entomological sights than that
of a good bush of Angoplwra on a sunny morning, with its blossoms
fairly bending dowai with the weight of its Coleopterous visitors.
Perhaps the most numerous of these individually are the little
" chafers " of the genus JPhyllotocus, especially the smooth ochreous
and black P. macleayi, Pisch., which comes down into the umbrella
when the bushes are shaken, literally in quarts ; indeed, it is usually
better not to use the umbrella for Angophora at all, but to search the
flowers and select the insects wanted out of the crowd, using a butter-
fly net for the capture of the more active species. P. macleayi is at
times almost as abundant on Leptospermum as on Angophora, and this
is also the case with the Buprestidce, the most attractive and charac-
teristic group of beetles met with at this time of year. So well
represented in Australia are these beautiful insects, that fully 70
species have come under my notice in the Sydney district alone, and
an afternoon's work at a good locality, such as Manly or Mosman,

E 2

52 [March,

will usually ])rorluoe twenty or more distinct forms ; the majority of
these belong to the great genus Stlgmodera, and six or eight species
of this genus are often to be seen at once on. a single corymb of
blossom. The great range of size in Sti(j7nodera, from the huge
yellow-margined, brown S. grandis, Don., sometimes fully two inches
long, to the little green and golden-yellow S. virginea, Er., measuring
barely three lines in length, is very striking, and not less so is their
endless variety of colour and pattern. Of the larger species, the
commonest is the handsome *S'. macularia^ Don., bright yellow when
alive with black thorax and numerous large and deep, almost con-
fluent black punctures on the elytra ; the closely allied and very
similar, but more regularly punctured S. jacquinoti, Bdv., being much
more local and rare. 8. variabilis, Don., another abundant species
appearing rather late in the season, well deserves its specific name, as
it is not easy to find tw^o specimens alike ; in colour it varies from
pale ochreous to almost scarlet, and from quite immaculate elytra to
a bold pattern of heavy transverse black bands. A rare variety is
entirely black, but this I have never met with. Some of the forms of
this species closely approach in appearance the beautiful S. affinia,
Saund., and iS^. limhata, Saund., both of which appear to be very
scarce near Sydney, and the fine S. thoracica, Saund., is still more so,
though occasionally found on JEiocaljjptics blossom. Another hand-
some species is ^S*. vertehralis, Bdv., pale yellow with dark blue thorax
and broad sutural stripe ; it is fairly common, and very partial to the
flowers of Kunzcea. Considerably smaller than the above species, but
still of fair size, are S. semicincta, Lap. et Grory, a beautiful miniature
of /S'. grandis, but of less than half its length ; 8. undidata, Don., a
very abundant species, ochre-yellow with a bold black pattern on
elytra; S. indistincta, Saund., and S. kirbi/i, Gruer., deep blood-red
or scarlet with transverse blue-black miirkings ; S. bicrchelli, L. et G.,
cruenfa, Kirby, and producta, Saund., gaily varied with red, yellow,
and black ; S. rujlpennis, Kirby, with uniform brick-red elytra and
shining black thorax, and the beautiful S. klugi, L. et G., deep
shining blue with two transverse golden-yellow macular fasciae on the
elytra. >S^. spinolw, L. et G., red, with the elytra longitudinally
shaded with black, and S. costipennis, Saund., dull black with ochreous
transverse fasciae, are remarkable for their deeply grooved elytra ; the
latter is somewhat rare, as is also S. pertgi, L. et G., a very handsome
species, dark green with red thoracic margins and subapical elytra!
band. Smaller forms still are S. ampliichroa, Bdv., and cceruleiventris,
Saund., vivid scarlet transveraely banded with blue-black ; S. lutei-

1906.] 53

pennis, L. ct Gr., with pale yellow elytra narrowly tipped with violet-
black ; aS*. vicina, Saund., shining black with two broad transverse
yellow bands ; S. bdla, Saund., not unlike the preceding, but dull,
and having the apical band broadly clouded with scarlet ; and the
remai kable >S'. kerremansi, Blkb., dark green with broad red apex to
elytra. The e*ommonest of the small species, which may be taken in
almost any number, are S. assimilis, Hope, and octospilota, L. et Gr.,
black, with six or eight yellow spots ; >S^. ci/anicoUis, Bdv., yellow or
red with greenish-blue suture and transverse bands ; and S. crenata,
Don., yellow, with margins of elytra reddish, broadly banded with
black. In the National Park may be found several species that are
absent or very rare nearer Sydney, as S. rotundata, Saund., and octO'
maculata^ Saund., both ochreous with variable black spots or bands ;
S. grata, Saund., a lovely orange-banded green form, common in the
Blue Mountains, and /6'. skusei, Blkb., with a bold blue-black cruci-
form pattern on a bright yellow ground. Even more beautiful than
any of these, if possible, are the resplendent metallic green and
purple Ouris aurifera, L. et Gr., and C. caloptera, Bdv., the latter
being an especially lovely insect, and found not rarely on Lepto-
spermum close to Sydney. The above descriptions will, I hope, give
some faint idea of the v.sriety and beauty of the Sydney Buprestidce,
which can, however, be seen to perfection only on their favourite
flowers under the brilliant summer sun of Australia; their colours,
with but few exceptions, being but inadequately represented in the
dead and dry specimens in the cabinet.

Next to the BuprestidcB, the Getoniadcd attract perhaps the most
attention, though only seven species of this family have occurred to
me in the Sydney district. Of these the largest is Diaphonia dorsalis,
Don., a stout chestnut-brown insect with broad black suture, which is
often to be seen flying in the city itself. Micropcecila cincta, Don.,
already alludeJ to in connection with the Xanthorrhcea, is fairly
common on the Angoplwra, and still more so are the plain dull black
Gacochroa gymnopleura, Eisch., and its light brown variety concolor^
Gory et Perch. The little black-spotted ochreous Folystigma punc-
tata, Don., is usually abundant, especially at Manly ; and equally so
is Eupoecila australasia, Don., one of the most beautiful of the
commoner Australian beetles, with its complicated lyrate pattern of
golden-yellow on an olive-green ground. Glycypliana bruniiipes,
Kirby, a little dark green species spotted with white, is also common
enough, as is the tiny Micro valgus lapeyrousei, Gr. et P., perhaps the
smallest member of its family.

54 [Marcli,

Longicornes are also largely in evidence on these attractive
blossoms, and of these perhaps the most couspicuous are the three
handsome species of Tragocerus, spencei, Hope, fasciatus, Don., and
hldentatus, Don., all of which occur sparingly enough to be regarded
as good captures whenever met with ; a still finer species, T. lepidop-
terus, Schreib,, is said to have been formerly not rare near Sydney,
but is now very seldom to be found, and I never had the good fortune
to fall in with a specimen. Several species of Resthesis, of which one
of the most common is the large grey-banded black R. murina, Pasc,
are remarkable for their greatly abbreviated elytra, and the close
mimetic resemblance which they present, especially when on the wing,
to the various forms of Rymenoptera that frequent the same flowers.
R. murina especially is a close mimic of one of the largest species of
Thynniis, and the very fine R. Jerruginea, Bdv. (which I have taken
at the National Park), has when flying a most deceptive resemblance
to one of the large wasps of the genus Friocnemis. Distichoceru is
another conspicuous genus, of which the finest is D. macleayi, Newm. ;
the c? of this beetle is deep-black, and the ? bright ferruginous-red,
the smaller and commoner species, D. macuUcollis, Kirby, and D. thom-
soneUa, White, differing in a similar manner in the two sexes ; the
males of all the species are remarkable for their broadly flattened and
serrate antennae. Erosche?na poweri, Newm., is an excellent mimic of
the red-and-black forms of Li/cidcB (Metriorrliynchus) which are very
numerous on the flowers ; indeed, it is not easily distinguished from
them at first, except, when caught, by its harder texture. Many
pretty little species of the genera Aridcdus, Syllitus, Stenoderus,
Pytheus^ Tricliomesia, Pemvsamacra, BracJiytria^ Amphirrhoe, Tlracan-
thus, &c., are to be obtained more or less plentifully, but the most
beautiful of all are the little Obridafascialis, White, broadly banded
with scarlet on the deep-black elytra, and especially the lovely little
cinnabar-red and dark-blue Telocera wollastoni, White, which has the
terminal joints of the antennsD flattened out into a broad spatulate
club, very unusual in the tribe of beetles to w^hich it belongs. The
Elateridcd are represented by, among many others, the conspicuous
red and black species of Anilicus, and the curiously marked, but
scarce, Ophidius elegam, Cand., and 0. histrio, Bdv. ; a small greenish
pubescent species of Megapenthes ? is sometimes so abundant on
Leptospermum, that hundreds may be seen in the umbrella at once.
Many small but prettily marked Malacoderms of the genera Sele-
nurus, Carphurus, JBalanophorus, Laius, Telephones, &c., are common,
and the Gleridce are copiously represented by beautiful metallic or

19060 ^^

broiizy-greeii species of Thanasimm, AuHcus, Lemidea, and Eleale,
and by tlie more variegated forms of ZenitJiicola, Scrohiger, Stigma-
Hum, Cleromorpha, &c. Tlie brilliant metallic-green species of the
genus Atractus are the most conspicuous among the Heteromera, and
Tanychilus, Allecida, Ananca, Pseudolycus, Zonifis, and other more
soberly coloured forms of this section abound, while Mordella is
represented by a large number of species, some of considerable size,
and as active as they always are. Some weevils, such as Oxyops,
Raplonyx, &c., are constantly found on the AngopJwra, and the hand-
some shining yellow and black Sagrid, with greatly enlarged hind
femora, Mecynodera coxalgica, Bdv., is a common and conspicuous

species.

It will easily be seen by the foregoing remarks, how fully and
pleasantly the collector is occupied ''uring the comparatively brief
period in which these flowers are in their prime, and how copious an
Entomological harvest may be gathered in this most interesting
locality. With the coming of the new year, the great bulk of the
blossom is over, and though fairly productive bushes of Leptos-
permum may occasionally be met with even late in February, the best
season for Coleoptera may be regarded as at an end.

" Aorangi," Lonsdale Eoad,

Sumraertown, Oxford :
January, 1906.

LATHEOBIUM LMVIPENNE, Heer : AN ADDITION TO THE
BRITISH LIST OF COLEOPTERA.

BY W. E. SHAEP, F.E.S.

In August last I captured in a sandpit near Oxted a red wing-
cased Lathrobium, which I imagined at the time to be i. angustatum.
More careful scrutiny, however, after the insect was set, dispelled
this belief, and I found it impossible with certainty to refer the
specimen to any of our British members of the group, I owe to
Mr. E. A. Newbery, who saw the beetle, the suggestion that it might
be L. Icevipenne, Heer, and this identification has been confirmed by
Herr L. Ganglbauer, to whom I submitted the specimen.

The red wing-cased Lathrohia can perhaps hardly be considered
one of the easiest groups of the StapliylinidcB, and I should not be
surprised if the present species existed in British collections under
some other name.

56

[March,

Z. Jcempenne was described by Heer in 1>54:1 (Fauna Col. Helv.,
p. 240), who, after a description equally applicable to >everal other
members of the group, says : —

" Mas. Abdoin. segmento ultimo subtus apice profunde emarginato. Statura
minore, elytris nonnisi summa basi nigris, punctatura subtiliore a L. fidvipenve,
capite pronotoque subtilius punctatis, eljtris brevioribus a L. rufipenne. '

Mulsant and Eey (Brevipennes, Pederiens, pp. 43—45) give the
special specific characters of the species as follows : —

" J . Le 6e arceau ventral largement impressionne dans son milieu sur toute
sa longueur, largement echanere en angle a son bord posterieur qui est releve en
faite en son milieu, avee I'echancrure limitee de chaque cote par un dent tres sail-
lant, ciliee de noir, prolongee en arriere. Le 5e largement et faiblement impres-
sionne sur son milieu, largement et legerement echanere au sommet.

? . Le 6e arceau ventral subarrondi a son bord apical, simple ainsi que le 5e.

Ob3. Avec I'aspect du horeale, elle s'en distingue facilement par sa taille
moindre, par ses antennes plus courtes et submoniliformes, et surtout par les
arraures du 6e arceau ventral des J ."

The species in our list to which L. Jcevipenne comes nearest are
L. boreale, Hoch., L.fulvijpenne, Grav., and L. rufipenne, Gyll.

L. angustatum, Lac, is easily separated off from these by its long antennae and
much more finely and closely punctured head, and size and shape of course suffi-
ciently distinguish L. elongatum, L. L. Ixvipenne, besides the sexual characters
detailed in the above extracts, appears to be more obviously distiguishable :— From
L. boreale, Hoch., by its narrower and rather less closely punctured thorax, and by
the much coarser and thicker pubescence of the hind body (I confess I fail to fully
appreciate the antennal differences given above by Mulsant and Key) ; from L.
fultipenne, Grrav., by its smaller size, and more brightly coloured and relatively
shorter elytra ; and from L. rufipenne, Gryll. (a very rare species in Britain), by its
rather larger size, less closely punctured head, and relatively shorter elytra.

In my specimen, a female, the elytra are of a clear red, with only
a slight darkening round the scutellum, but I can readily believe that
the colour of the elytra, or rather the proportion of red and black
varies in this species as it does in most of its immediate congeners.

On the continent L. Icevipenne seems to occur principally in
Bavaria and Switzerland, but is generally a rare insect.

In this group as represented in Britain the two species which
appear most difiicult to separate satisfactorily are L. boreale, Hoch.,
and L.fuhipenne, Grav. :^pecimens, however, which I believed to be
referable to the former insect sent me by 3Ir. Britten from Cumber-
land were returned by Herr Gangibauer as L. geminum, Kr., which
is generally considered to be synonymous with L. boreale, Hoch. It
differs from X. fulvipenne^ Grav., in its shorter and more parallel-

1906.] 57

sided head, aud al«o iu the distinctly less rugose elytral punctuation,
but I cannot see that the colours of the elytra are more sharply
defined in one species than iu the other.

9j Queen's Koad, South Norwood :
February, 1906.

REUTERELLA HELVIMACULA, Enderl.

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES TO THE LIST OF BRITISH FSOCID^,

AND THE DISCOVEKY OF ITS HITHERTO UNKNOWN MALE.

(Plate I).

BT H. L. r. GUEllMO^■PEEZ.

On August 12th, 1892, I took at Boguor, Sussex, a ^ Psocid,
differing from any up to the present known to me. I had not been
fortunate enough to see another until last autumn, when Mr. Edward
Saunders kindly sent me in September a ^ , one of a dozen, which he
had taken on an oak stem at Chobham, Surrey, on August 7th, 19u5.
Since then he has forwarded for my inspection two $ s from half a
dozen $s and nymphs taken at same time and place as the J's.
These $ s I have compared with a $ example of Reuterella helvitnacula,
Enderl., kindly sent by Dr. Giinther Enderlein, its acute discoverer
and as they appear identical and considering that these ? s, found at
the same time and place as the ^ and with similar antennal structure,
are of the same species as the ^^ 1 conclude that these (^s are speci-
mens of the hitherto undiscovered J of Beuterella helvimacula,
Enderl., in which opinion Dr. Enderlein, to whom specimens of the
^ have been submitted, agrees. Dr. Enderlein suggested that the
(^ would prove w^inged. The fortunate discovery by Mr. Saunders
of the (^sand ? s iu company has supplied the missing link. The
following description and illustrations are from the dried, pinned,
and carded specimens, and are therefore somewhat imperfect.

Beuterella, Enderl., Zoolog. Anzeiger, 1903, p. 132.

The ^ differs from Ccecilius (Curtis, 1837), Kolbe, ISSO, in the
radial and median veins not anastomizing for part of their length in
either anterior or posterior wings, but being connected by a short
transverse veinlet {== discal cross vein) ; and in the margin of
posterior wings being destitute of hairs, with the exception of
a fringe on the margin of cell of radial fork (= 2nd sub-marginal
cell).

58 [March,

Reuterella helvimacula, Euderl. (1901), (Leptella helvimacula) Zoolog.

Jahrb, 1901, p. 539; 1903, p. 375. Zoolog. Aiizeiger, 1903, p.

133.

S Imago. Expanse, tip to tip of fore-wings 5 mm. Antennae, head, thorax,
abdomen, and legs light brown in colour, with the callosities of thorax, a suffusion
round ocelli ana parts of abdomen darker; all coarsely hairj. Eyes and the three
ocelli blackish. Antenna? IS-jointed, half the length of anterior wings, pilose, with
long diverging forward directed hairs, from one to three times as long as width of
joint, two or three on each joint being much longer than the others ; the first joint
about as broad as long, the second slightly broader and longer and notched at tlie
apex, the third three times as long as second and not quite so broad as first, the
fourth to twelfth gradually diminishing in length and width, while the thirteenth
is two and one-half times as long as twelfth, constricted in middle and the tip
swollen into a papillaform or nipple-shaped prolongation bearing three long
diverging hairs and two or three short ones, the basal part haired as rest of
antennae. Maxillary palpi 4-jointed, light brown.

Tarsi 2-jointed, second joint half the length of first. Tai'sal claws with
a small tooth beneath midway. Wings hyaline, their entire surface set with
microscopic hairs, which are rather closer and stronger in pterostigma, and on the
wing margins become thickened and scaly, causing the margin to appear toothed.
Veins brownish. Tooth on radius dark. Yeins on margin of anterior wings with
a row of hairs, excepting costa from base to nearly pterostigma and anal, which
are hairless ; in addition to this row a marginal fringe extends from before com-
mencement of pterostigma round termen of wings to dorsal margin near junction
with anal vein. The costal vein over pterostigma is thickened to double its width
and dotted with scattered hairs from scaly bases. There is a long hair on about
centre of area of terminal enlargement of pterostigma. Yeins and margins of
posterior wings hairless, with the exception of a row of six to eight haii's forming
a fringe on margin of cell of radial fork (^ 2nd sub-marginal cell).

In the left anterior wing of the ^ from Chobham the radial and
median veins anastomise almost in a point (Fig. VII). The right
posterior wing of the Bognor and both posterior wings of the
Chobham specimen have the discai or connecting veinlet absent
(Fig. II). And the areole of right anterior wiug of the Bognor
specimen is imperfect, not reaching to margin (Fig. 111). These
are interesting aberrations.

^ Imago. Length, labrum to telson li mm. Wingless. Antennae, head,
prothoras and meso- and metathorax below and on sides brown. Meso- and meta-
notum yellow. iSegments one to seven of abdomen yellow with brown markings,
eight and nine black-brown. Eyes small, blackish. Ocelli wanting. Head chan-
nelled in centre of vertex, channel forked in front forming division from frons.
Labrum coarsely, frons and clypeus thickly haired. Hairs on vertex more scattered.
Thorax and abdomen with fewer hairs. Anal appendages with long spiny hairs.
Antennae short, about half length of insect, similar in structure to those of (J only
smaller.

1906.] 59

(Plate I). f ^f'^,
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

I, Reuterella helvimacula, Enderl. <? from Bognor specimen. Legs and
right wings and antenna not drawn x 20.
II. Do. Riglit posterior wing, showing absence of discal cross vein x 20.
III. Do. Part of right anterior wing showing imperfect vein of posterior

areole x 20.
IV. Do. Fringe of posterior wing x 60.
V. Do. Thickening of costal vein and portion of radius with pterostigmal
tooth X 60.

VI. Do. Terminal joints of antenna x 120.
VII. Part of left anterior wing of Chobham c? showing connection of radial and
median veins x 20.
VIII. Hind tarsus of Chobham ^ x 60.
IX. Terminal joints of antenna, $ x 120.

X. Head and thorax of ? x 20 (antennae broken).
XL Antenna of Dr. Enderlein's ? x 40.
XII. Anal appendages of Dr. Enderlein's ? seen nearly laterally x 80.
XIII. Terminal abdominal segments of Dr. Enderlein's ? seen nearly laterally
x40.

Dalkeith, Bognor, Sussex :

January IQth, 1906.

A NEW BRITISH FLEA: CERATOPRYLLUS INSULARIS, spec. nov.
BY THE HON. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHILD, M.A., E.L.S.

(Plate II).
Similar to C. gallins;, Schrank. Black-brown. The metathoracic epimerum
bears five bristles (1, 3, 1). On the first abdominal sternite there are on each side
about six short hairs proximally of the post-median bristle. The first segment of
the fore-tarsus is shorter than the second, being almost square and bearing several
long bristles on the hinder-side. The first mid-tarsal segment differs from that of
all allied species in bearing on the hinder-side four pairs of long bristles and some
short ones. There are fewer hairs on the ventral surface of the first and second
hind-tarsal segments than in C. galUnx, the first segment bearing, in the new
species, three or four such hairs, and the second segment one or two.

The eighth tergite (Fig. B.) has along the edge about 20 hairs,
the last three or four and one or two central ones being longer than
the others. On the lateral surface there are two long bristles near
the apical edge, one beneath the stigma, and one or two proximally
near the ventral edge (not drawn in figure). The eighth sternite
(Fig. A., viii. st.) bears ventrally before the apex a cluster of about

QQ [March,

ten bristles, the membranous, hairy, apical flap being broad. The
finger of the chisper (Fig. A., F) is slenderer than in C. gallincB.
It bears four hairs at the ventral edge, all being of about the same
length, none being prolonged as in C. gallina. We are indebted to
Mr. N. II. Joy, of Bradfield, near Eeading, for one ^ taken from a
hole in a hollow tree near Reading ; the hole had been occupied con-
secutively by a woodpecker, an owl, and a starling.

Tring Park, Tring :

January 20tk, 1906.

RYMENOFTERA ACULEATA TAKEN BY COL. YERBURY, R.A.
IN SCOTLAND, 1905.

BY EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.R.S.

Colonel I'erbury with his usual good fortune has succeeded during his last
season's stay in Scotland in capturing two of our rarest Aculeales—Pemphredon
wesmaeU, Mor., and Crahro carbonarius, Dahlb. ; of the former, in British Collec-
tions, I have only known of one specimen, a female without locality label, which
formed part of Shuckard's Collection, standing with specimens of shucJcardi, Mor.,
under the old and now discarded name of unicolor, F. This individual, which is
now in my possession, is peculiar in having the emai'gination of the clypeus
unusually large and deep (almost semicircular), so that when I received Colonel
Yerbury's captures, in which it has only a very slight, narrow^ emargination, I hoped
to have had a new species to record. 1 could not, however, determine them to my
satisfaction from the descriptions of any of the Palsearctic species, so I sent them to
Dr. Kohl, of Vienna, for his opinion. He returned them to me as P. loesmaeli,
Mor. I then sent him Shuckard's example ; this he has returned with the observa-
tion that after a careful examination of all his specimens he finds that the emargina-
tion of the clypeus in wesmaeli is unusually variable, and he considers both forms
to be referable to that species. I have therefore reluctantly to refrain from adding
another new species to those which Colonel Yerbury has already discovei'ed ; but
it is most satisfactory to get a definite locality for wesmaeli and to secui'e more
specimens of it ; these were taken at Nethy Bridge in June and July. It is very
distinct from our other species, approaching in size Pemphredon higuhris, Dahlb. ;
it is, however, easily distinguished by its square vertex and very largely punctured,
not rugose, mesonotum, as well as by the position of the second recurrent nervure,
which is received either in the first submarginal cell near its apex, or unites with
its actual apical nerve, from shucJcardi, Mor., its larger size, the much coarser
puncturation of the mesonotum and the emarginate clypeus will easily dis-
tinguish it.

Dr. Kohl has asked me to point out that in his treatise " Zur Kenntniss der
Pemphredonen," in Ann. K. K. Naturh : Ilofmuseums, V, p. 50, under P. austriacus,
Kohl, when pointing out the distinctions between that species and wesmaeli he
omitted to mention that in austriacus the centre of the clypeal emargination is

1906.3 61

indicated by a small tooth, which gives the emargination a bisinuate form.
C. austriacus has not yet occurred in this country. The form of the clypeus is
peculiarly difficult to realize in this genus on account of the long hairs which
clothe it. Dr. Kohl tells me that he has been obliged to denude specimens in order
to make sure of their exact shapes.

Of Crahro carhonarius one <? and three ? s were taken, a J and ? at Brodie,
9 and lO.vi.Oo, and two ? s at Nethy Bridge, 2R.vi.05. Colonel Yei'bury's original
specimen was taken at Avieniore, 28,vi.OO, and since then a $ and ? have
been taken by Mr. King at Aviemore in July and August, 1903. Other species
interesting for their localities, and which have not been taken on his former excur-
sions, are: Myrmica rubra, v. sulcinodis, one $, Nairn, 26.vii.05 ; Agenia hircina,
one ? , Nethy Bridge, 8.vii.05 ; Crahro tibialis, one J , Aviemore, 24.vii.05. Many
other species were obtained, but they have been previously recorded.

St. Ann's Woking :

February, 1906.

Coleoptera in Cumberland in 1905. — Although collecting during the past season
in this county was not of a very remunerative character, still it was better than in
1904, and a fair number of moderately interesting species were met with, some of
which I will here briefly refer to

NotiopMlus substriatus, Wat., was found on the shingly side of a stream. In
similar places various Bemhidia were common, e.g., monticola, Stm., prasinum^
Duft., stomoides, Dj., and schuppeli, Dj., B. testaceum, Duft.,* which I have been
on the look-out for during the past two or three seasons, occurred on the Trthing,
but one specimen only. B. nigricorne, Gyll., was abundant on high-lying moors in
September. It is a species one seems only to meet with in early spring and
autumn. Bradycellus collaris, Pk., was found in small numbers as usual on
similar ground. Among the larger Carabidx I may mention that Nebria gyUenhali,
Sch., with red elytra and black legs, occurred freely, in company with mature speci-
mens in spring, but a search for a fresh specimen or two in September, when Mr.
W. E. Sharp was at work on the variation of the species, was fruitless. I think,
with Mr. Sharp, that this form at any rate is only the result of immaturity, as I
have found that specimens kept alive a short time invariably darken. At Keswick I
met with Ocyusa incrassata, Muls.,* and near Penrith, O, maura, Er., both in
moss. All three species of Ocalea were taken at different times in flood refuse
with odd specimens of Chilopora longitarsis, Er., and CalUcerus obscurus, Er.*
Myrmedonia huvierah's, Pk., was common in spring in moss near ants' nests.
Many species of Homalota, were taken, including currax, Kr., gregaria, Er.,
longula, Heer,* cambriea, WolL* (common), tibialis, Heer, oblongiuscula, Shp.,*
pilicornis,* Th., Isevana, Muls.,* orhata, Er.,* &c. Gnypeta eserulea, Sahib., I took
in flood refuse in November. Falagria sulcata, Pk., very scarce here before, was
captured in plenty in September in rotting straw. One fine and calm day at
Silloth in September, when beetles were abundant, the intei'esting Diglotta sinua-
ticollis, Muls.,* was captured freely running on the wet beach ust where the tide

go [March,

had receded. Htijiocyptus punctum, Mots. * one only, I found in dry dung. Mt/ceto-
porus lonqttlus, Mann., was taken on the wing in June, and Quedins puncticolUs,
Th., swept from long grass in September. Staphylinns erythropterus, L., was
picked up on roads. S. stercorarius, 01., in dung, and odd specimens of Ocypus
shnilis, F., and O.fuscatus, Gr., under stones.

Philonthus debilis, Gr.,only taken in Cumberland once previously, was common
at Silloth in some old straw, where also occurred Leptacinns linearis, G-r., and
L. hatychrus, Gyll.* In moss Cryptohium glaherrimxim, Hbst., was of occasional
occurrence, and among many species of Stenus may be mentioned fnscipea, Gr.,
common, argus, Gr., common, niveus, Fauv., common (unaccompanied by palli-
tarsis, Steph.), bifoveolatus, Gyll., sparingly, latifrons, Er., common.

Both species of Ancyrophorufi occurred in flood refuse in autumn. Les-
leva sharpi, Rye,* I took one specimen of on the shores of Tindale Tarn, but of
Olophrum fuscum, Er.,* I got a nice series by pulling up reeds in the Eden Valley,
Among the PselapJiidse several things of interest came under observation.
Pselaphu.^ dresdensis, Hbst., was not uncommon again in its old haunts on ISTewton
Moss, where also T^uplectus amhiguus, Tleich.,* occurred ^. sanguineus, Denny,*
was taken at Silloth in old straw. By working the short moss on the sandhills in
the latter locality a few Agathidium marginatum, Stm., were obtained, and on the
beach below seaweed Ptenidium punctatum, Gyll.,* while the before-mentioned
straw also yielded Acritus minutus, Hbst., rather sparingly, but Omosita colon, L.,
abounded.

One of my best captures in June was a single specimen of Enicnius brevicornis,
Mann.,* but I believe my neighbour Mr. Britten has taken several since in various
localities in the county. Atomaria atricapilla, Steph., was common, A. fuscipes,
Gyll., rare. In February, ApJiodius tessulatus, Pk., was abundant in sheep-drop-
pings at Wanfell. Among the Longicorns nothing of particular interest was taken
except a fine, freshly-emerged S of Acanthocinus xdilis, L., in one of the main
streets of Carlisle, in all probability introduced into the town in timber. The
genus Donacia, F., was well to the fore with two new county records in impressa,
Pk., * and ohscura, Gyll.* Of the first-named I took a single specimen in moss in
April, near Keswick, and the latter was taken near Penrith in May, first by Mr.
Smith, a local botanist, and then by Mr. Britten ; in all about 10 or 12 specimens.
B. dentipes, F., occurred rather freely, as also did others of the genus. Longitarsus
holsaticus, L.,* was rather common on lousewort, but very local, and L. piciceps,
Steph.,* was taken at Silloth. Phyllotreta tetrastigma, Com., was swept in the
summer and taken in flood refuse in the autumn. Mantura obtusata, Gyll.,
was met with in grass tufts in December. Among the weevils the most interesting
was perhaps Sitones lineellns, Gyll.,* which was found in some numbers at roots of
Lotus corniculatus on the Solway sandhills in September. Although some few of
the specimens captured were somewhat abraded, others were in beautiful condi-
tion. There is considerable difference in size among the specimens in ray series,
several being hardly half the size of others. Phytobius muricatus, Bris., was found
again in September, very few however. Apion confiuens, Kirb ,* occurred on Matri-
caria at Silloth. and A. hydrolapathi, Xirb., on dock, the latter not having been
found with us since the days of T. C. Heysham, a contemporary of Stephens.

1906.] 63

I got a good series of Orchestes iJicii, F., and one or two var. ni\gripes. Fowl *
from oak in the Eden Valley, with a few O. aveUame, Don., with which I will end
this short summary of my year's collecting. Those marked with an asterisk are
new records for Cumberland. -F. H. Day, Goodwin Terrace, Carlisle : December
20th, 1905.

Quedius riparius, Kelln., in Derbyshire.- -A. single specimen of this insect,
originally taken by the late Mr. W. Gr. Blatch at Porlock, Somerset, in 1896, was
captured by me on August 28th, 1904, amongst flood refuse, on the margin of the
river Wye, about a mile from Bakewell, having probably been washed down from
the banks of one of the neighbouring mountain streams ; this example has been
identified by Mr. E. A. Newbery.— J. Ktdson-Tayloe, 35, South Avenue, Buxton :
January 2\st, 1906.

Chrysomela cereaJis, L., S^c, on Snowdon. — A short visit to Snowdon in
September last was, owing to climatic conditions, very unproductive, my most
notable captures being Chrysomela cerealis, L., very sparingly at roots of wild
thyme, Lestera sharpi. Rye, under a stone on the mountain side, and Acidota
crenata, F., in moss on an old tree in the wood where the path commences the
ascent near Llanberis. — Id.

Occurrence of Argijresthia illuminatella, ZelL, in Britain.— With reference to
Mr. E. Meyrick's interesting note under the above heading (Ent. Mo. Mag., Ser. II,
xvi, 226), he will, I know, forgive me for pointing out that his statement, that
" earlier records " of the occurrence of Argyresthia illuminatella in Britain " were
based on the species now known as atmoriella," is not in accordance with the facts,
which are as follows. In Ent. Mo. Mag., Ser. II, v, 50-51 (1894), we were distinctly
told that A. illuminatella was there added to the British list on the strength of
three Scotch specimens, taken at Forres by Salvage, and these three specimens, which
I afterwards examined, were subsequently stated by the same authority, in Ent.
Mo. Mag., Ser. TI, vii, 98-99 (1896), to be neither illuminatella, Z., nor atmoriella,
Bnks., but examples of the form which, although without the rufescent suffusion of
the wings mentioned in his original description, was included by Zeller in his series
oi prsecocella, Z., and which, it may be added, occurs commonly in Britain in com-
pany with the type. Having been the cause of the temporary disappearance of
illuminatella from our List, it is particularly gratifying to me to see it at length
reliably reinstated therein.

Of the earlier records of A. illuminatella in Britain, the one by Mr. J. W. Tutt
in Ent. Rec, vi, 34 (1895), with which, however, my comments in op. cit., vii, 200,
should be compared, alone remains uncancelled. This was based on a solitary indi-
vidual bred from among shoots of " fir " (i. e., of Scotch fir, as proved by his remark
that they bore " cones " of Retinia resinana) received from Scotland, but since Mr.
Tutt's efforts to oblige me with a sight of the moth have hitherto proved futile, and
it seems clear from his note that he merely assumed its identity with illuminatella
because he had misread the paper (Ent. Mo. Mag., I. c.) wherein this species had
been, though, as was afterwards proved, erroneously, reported from Scotland a few

Q^ [March,

months before, no reliance can be placed on the unconfirmed record, and the most
reasonable supposition is that the imago bred by him was Ocnerostoma piniarlella,
Ti.y which, although not given in Mey rick's Handbook (1895) as found in Scotland,
may well be expected to occur there. — Eustace R. Bankbs, Norden, Corfe Castle :
January 6fh, 1906.

Re-occurrence of SterrJia sacraria, L., in the Isle of Purheck. — When partridge-
shooting near here on September 6th last, I happened, whilst looking for a bird that
I had just killed, to disturb from amongst the rank aftermath in a gi'ass meadow, at
about 3.30 p.m., a small yellow Geometer, which, on its settling again close to hand,
was instantly recognised as Sterrha sacraria. Owing to the length and density of
the herbage, amongst which it had taken refuge, it proved at first impossible to get
a box near the moth without frightening it, but after two or three ineffectual at-
tempts to do so, at each of which it flitted up but fortunately alighted again within
a few yards, the prize was, to my intense satisfaction, duly secured, and proved to
be a male specimen in such absolutely perfect condition that it was impossible not
to believe that it had been bred upon the spot. By a most curious coincidence,
the only other example of S. sacraria that I have ever seen alive is an equally fine
and perfect male that was boxed by myself exactly ten years — all but a single day —
previously (viz., on September 7th, 1895. See Ent. Mo. Mag., Ser. II, vii, 19), in
the next field but one to the scene of ray recent good fortune, and only some 250
yards or so from the actual spot ! Then also, I happened to flush the moth whilst
walking in pursuit of partridges, and my brother, Mr. Arthur E. Bankes, was, as in
September last, an eye-witness of the capture. It seems probable that in each of
these years a female S. sacraria must have flown over from the Continent during
the summer, and that the individual that crossed my path was one of her progeny,
though in both seasons repeated efforts to discover others were not rewarded with
success. On each occasion I was, at the time, keeping a particularly sharp look-out
for this rarity, owing to my having previously disturbed several specimens of Aspilates
ochrearia (citraria), the sight of which always serves me as a special reminder
that its somewhat similarly coloured, though I'ather smaller, relative may occur at
the same time.

When at rest, S. sacraria cannot fail to attract attention from its habit of
folding its wings in the same peculiar roof-like manner as Cilix glaucata (spinula).

The two specimens alluded to above are the only ones captured in the Isle of Pur-
beck, and in the rest of Dorset only two others are known to have been secured. — Id.

Phalonia manniana, F. R., in the Isle of Purheck. — The best Tortricid that has
adorned my setting-boards during the past distinctly disappointing season is Phalonia
manniana, of which I took a female specimen, slightly rubbed (probably by the net),
on July 14t.h last, at 7.50 p.m., by sweeping amongst the long and dense mixed
herbage in a bog on the Isle of Purbeck heath district. It has been my good fortune
to capture the only three specimens of this rarity that have been met with in the
County of Dorset, the others having been netted, the first in a heath-bog, and the
second in a damp spot bordering, and reclaimed from, the actual heath-land, in the
Isle of Purbeck, on June 24th, 1889, and July lOth, 1903, respectively {vide Ent.

1906. 1 65

Mo. Maf?., Series IT, i, 193 ; xv, 254). All three spots lie within a radius of about
one-sixtli of a mile from a point taken between the two that are furthest apart, and
I hope the day may come when I shall succeed in discovering the head-quarters of
the species— if, indeed, it has any more definite head-qnarters in this district— and
get some clue as to its food -plant. — Id.

Retarded emergence of Leiocampa dictxoides. — I see that Mr. Eustace Bankes
in his note on the emergence of Leiocampa dictxoides considers July 14th
a remarkably late date. In this district the insect is fairly common, and I have
bred and taken some hundreds during the last twenty years. I find that the bulk
of emergences and captures occurred in the first fortnight in July, although I have
taken it as late as September 3rd, and as early as April 30th. I took one last year
on August 12th. If kept under as natural conditions as possible and not forced
they almost invariably emerge during the first three weeks in July. There is, I am
practically certain, no second brood here, as T have on several occasions obtained
early larvae, which pupated about the middle of July and did not emerge until
the next year. — Richard Feeer, Rugeley : Fehruary^ 1906.

Rhyacophila munda, McL., and Halesus guttatipennis, McL., in Scotland. — In a
small lot of Trichoptera recently submitted to me by my friend Mr. William Evans,
there was a Rhyacophila which at once aroused my curiosity. It proved to be
Rhyacophila munda, McL., just about the last species that I should have looked for
in the east of Scotland, having regard to its previously recorded distribution. It
was discovered by McLachlan in 1861 in South Devon, and in 1863 he again found
it in North Wales. It also occurs at the Exmoor streams. For a long time it
remained in the position of a species apparently peculiar to our Islands, but this
was hardly likely to be the case, and its discovery by M. Eene Martin in the De-
partment of Indre, I'rance, put an end to its claims to be considered exclusively
British (Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxiv, p. 262, 1888). Further, it was taken by Mr.
Theobald in the Island of Sark in 1890 (Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxviii, p. 74, 1892).
These records all seem to point to a southern and western distribution, and its
occurrence in the east of Scotland is certainly as unexpected as it is interesting.
The precise locality where the single ^ was taken is Cowie's Linn., a deep ravine
near Eddleston, Peeblesshire, and the date September 24th, 1904.

An almost equally interesting capture has been made by Mr. Evans this
autumn. While collecting at Cobbinshaw Eeservoir on November 8th he met with
a Trichopteron in considerable numbers, and secured over a dozen specimens. The
day was cold but sunny, and about noon the insects were taking short flights, rising
from and alighting on the stones and grass at the sides of the loch. The species,
as Mr. Evans had supposed, is Halesus guttatipennis, McL.

This insect has a somewhat curious history. It was described by McLachlan
in 1865 from a single <? example taken somewhere in the North of England. Stein
applied the name to a different species taken by him in Silesia. Mr. McLachlan,
with an undue want of confidence in his original description, and not being able to
re-examine the type, accepted in his Monograph the Silesian insect as guttatipennis,
while the true insect, which had become known from Switzerland, "was called mu-

QQ [March,

coreus. A subsequent re-examination of the type revealed the mistake. As a
British species guttaUpennis remained practically unknown, and it was not until
1895, when Mr. Dennis, of York, found it in November of that year (Porritt, Ent.
Mo. Mag., vol. xxxii, p. 41), at Pickering, in Yorkshire, that something certain was
learned about its habits. Mr. Porritt took it in profusion at the same place in
November of the following year, and subsequently it was recorded from Gloucester-
shire, where it had been taken by Mr. James Edwards on September 26th, 1896,
and from Marlborough, Wilts., by Mr. Meyrick, taken by him in the first half of
October. The two last mentioned dates must be regarded as early for this species.
As indicated, it occurs in Switzerland, and it has also been found in Belgium, but I
cannot at the moment recall any other continental localities. — Kenneth J.
MOBTON, 13, Blackford Eoad, Edinburgh : December 12th, 1905.

Unusual dates for Halesus radiatus in the Isle of Man. — In most parts of
Britain Halesus radiatus is regarded exclusively as a late summer and autumn
species, and here I have never seen it before September, when it is very abundant.
But the following dates, representing its capture in the Isle of Man by Dr. R. T.
Cassal, suggest the possibility that it is either double brooded with him, or else that
it hibernates. One specimen June 3rd, two specimens June 4th, one specimen
June 5th, one specimen August 24th, and three specimens September 27th, 1904;
one specimen April 29th, and one specimen October 5th, 1905. I believe that as yet
no Trichopteron is known to hibernate as an imago in Britain, though the late
Mr. McLachlan suspected, from the number of early spring captures, that Steno-
phylax permixtus (concentricus) does so. Of this I am doubtful myself, because
the closely allied Stenophylax vihex occurs here freely in April, and is then indeed
apparently much commoner than in the autumn. — Geo, T. Poeritt, Huddersfield :
Fehruary 9th, 1906.

©bituarg.

The Rev. Joseph Greene, M.A., F.E.S. — It is with much regret that we
announce the decease, at his residence, Eostrevor, Clifton, Bristol, at the ripe age
of 82, of the Rev. Joseph Greene. Probably few men have done more than he to
advance the study of our insect fauna, and his name for two generations has been
a " household word " among British Lepidopterists. As long ago as 1850 we find
him contributing to the " Zoologist " a note on rare Lepidoptera at Lower Guiting,
on the Cotswolds ; and in the same periodical (1857, pp. 5384 — 5398) appeared his
classic paper " On pupa digging," a method of collecting which he carried out
systematically with great success, and with which his naitie will always be associated.
This paper was reproduced in full in his well-known little book " The Insect
Hunter's Companion, first published in 1870, which has reached a third edition,
and is universally recognised as one of the most useful and most pleasantly written
works on practical insect collecting. Up to a recent date Mr. Greene was a frequent
contributor to the pages of the Entomological Magazines, and occasionally to our

1906.J 57

own ; his interest iu our Lepidoptera continued to the end, and when from failing
liealth no longer able to collect actively, he occupied himself in breeding vast
numbers of Abraxas grossulariata, obtaining thereby many fine varieties. We
believe he was also the first to breed the rare Xylina conformis in England. At the
time of his decease Mr. Greene was almost the oldest Fellow of the Entomological
Society, having been elected in 1850. Personally he was of a retiring disposition,
but his high sense of probity, his liberality, and willingness to give any information
or assistance in his power to his brother Entomologists were conspicuous j and by
all who knew him his loss will be sincerely deplored.

We are indebted to his friend Mr. A. B. Farn, who revised and extended the
third edition of the " Insect Hunter's Companion," for valuable assistance in
preparing this notice.

Captain Frederick Wollaston Jfutton, F.E.S., died at sea, near the Cape of
G-ood Hope, on October iJ7th, 1905, in his 69th year. A nephew of the dis-
tinguished Coieopterist, Thomas Vernon Wollaston, he early devoted his attention
to Entomology, among other branches of science, and the singular little weevil,
Fentarthrum huttoni, WoU., discovered by him in Devonshire as long ago as 1853,
was dedicated to him by its describer. In 1855 he joined as ensign the 23rd (Hoyal
Welsh) Fusiliers, in which regiment he saw active service in the Crimea, and retired
from the Army in 1866. Emigi-ating to JN^ew Zealand shortly afterwards, some
years were spent by him on the Geological Survey of these Islands, when he
acquired that intimate knowledge of their Fauna and Flora for which he became
so distinguished. In 188u he settled at Christchurch, where for some years he
occupied the Chair of Professor of Zoology in the University of that city j and in
1893 he became Director of the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, which, under
his superintendence, has become one of the richest and best arranged institutions
of its kind in the Colonies. Early recognised as one of the first men of science in
New Zealand, he contributed many important papers on the Geology and JS^atural
History of that most interesting region to various scientific publications, especially
to the Transactions of the New Zealand Institute. Of these latter, several relate
to Entomology, notably a valuable synopsis of the Diptera Brachycera of New
Zealand (Vol. XXXIII, pp. 1—95). His last work, the "Index Faunae Novae
Zelandise" (London, 1904), is a valuable enumeration of the forms of animal life
of those islands, including a full and carefully drawn up list of all the insects
known to inhabit New Zealand at the time of publication.

Captain Hutton was elected a Fellow of the Koyal Society in 1892, and joined
the Entomological Society of London in 1902. He was a man of very genial and
engaging personality, and the writer of this notice, who had the privilege of making
his acquaintance in New Zealand, recalls with gratitude many characteristic acts of
kindness received from him. Last year, though in declining health, he visited
England after an absence of nearly forty years, and received a hearty welcome from
his numerous scientific friends j and it was on his return voyage to his adopted
home that his decease took place.

F 2

nQ [March,

BiEMiNGHAM ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY : January loth, 19U6. — Mr. Gr. T.
Bethune-Bakee, President, in the Chair.

Mr. James Simkins, Brookiands, SoHhuU, was elected a Member of the Society.

Mr. A. H. Martineau exhibited the gall and sexual forms of Biorhiza tenni-
nalis, Fab., and also the root gall and aggamic form of the same species, known as
Biorhiza pallida. Mr. Grilbert Smith showed living specimens of the newly
described British longicorn beetle, Tetropium craioshayi, Sharp. Mr. J. T. Foun-
tain, a box of Lyc8snidai from various localities. It included var. salmacis, Stph.,
from Castle Eden Dene, and also one specimen of the same variety, which he said he
had taken at Weston-super-Mare. Mr. Gr. T. Bethune-Baker, a box of Lepidoptera
from the Fiji Islands, including some striking Sphingidx ; also six species of
Repialidx, from the Fiji Islands. He pointed out that the scent-glands at the
base of the wings of these Hepialidse were strongly developed, and said that when
he received the specimens the scent was still quite strong and resembled incense.
Mr. S. H. Kenrick, several cabinet drawers from his collection, containing fine series of
various Pieridx, including in particular some of the species received by him from
his collector in New Gruinea.— Colbean J. Wainweight, Son. Secretary.

Lancashiee and Chbshiee Entomological Society : Meeting held at the
Royal Institution, on Friday, January l^ith, hi conjunction witii the Liveipool
Science Students' Association and the Liverpool Microscopical Society.

Charles Stacey Colman, Esq., M.A., The College, Bishop's Stortford, was elected
a Member of the Society.

The following Members contributed exhibits : Mr. E,. Wilding, a drawer of
British Aphodii. Mr. E. J. B. Sopp, a series of life-history cards of various British
beetles, showing their ravages in certain products of commercial importance; the
most interesting being Triplax senea, under holJy bark ; Fentarthrum huttoniy in
old ash wood ; Bruchus rujimanus, in beans ; B.pisi in peas ; Anobium paniceum, in
liquorice and coriander seed ; Lasiodernia serricorne, in cigar ; Dryooectes autogra-
phus, in bark; the last two being of very rare occurrence. Dr. J. Cotton, cocoons
of JDlcranura vinuLa and B. bifida. Mr. F. N. Pearce, an educational case of
butterflies and moths, rare books, and a beautiful series of insect appendages,
which were shown under the microscope. Mr. Wm. Mansbridge, a diawer of
North American butterflies; and Mr. J. J. Richardson, a drawer of exotic hawk
moths. — H. R. Sweeting and Wm. Mansbeidge, Eon. Secretaries.

The South London Entomological and Natueal Histoey Society :
Thursday, November 23rd, 1905.— Mr. Hugh Main, B.Sc, President, in the Chair.

Mr. F. GI-. Bellamy, of Eltham, was elected a Member.

This meeting was devoted to a Special Exhibition of varieties and notable
captures. Mr. J. P. Barrett exhibited series of Aporia cratsegi taken in 1871 in the
New Forest, and in 1901, 2, 3, 4, and 5, in East Kent, together with a variety of

1906.J 69

Argynnis adippe from Thi'ee Bridges, with the markings of the hind-wings run into
streaks and considerably suffused with black ; a form of Melaimnjia galathea, having
the black marking almost wholly confined to the marginal and submarginal areas of
all four wings, and a specimen of Xylina confonnis taken in 19U4 in East Kent.
Mr. Tonge, photo-micrographs of the ova of all the British species of the genera
Enno7uus, Uporabia, Cheiinatohia, Aniaopteryx, and Hybernia. Mr. K. Adkin, a
series of Anthrocera {Zygxna) fillpenduUe, to illustrate the gradual change in the
colour, from the typical rich crimson through shades of terra-cotta and pinkish-
yellow, to a pale clear yellow ; also an example in which the four basal spots were
united into an irregular elongated patch. He also showed a Pararye megasra, in
which the apical ocellated spot was absent from the right fore-wing, there being
only a minute black dot. It was also without the ocellus on the under-side. Mr-
Hy. J. Turner, a collection of butterflies from South America, chiefly belonging to
^e Lthomiinx. Mr. A. Harrison and Mr. E. Main (1) series of Aplecta nebuLosa,
bred from larvae taken in Delamere Forest ; (2), sGvias oi Hypsipetes sordidata irom
Windermere, Delamere, and Seal, bred, and Barmouth captured, only the first series
showed any considerable variation ; (3), a black variety of Agrotis exclamationis
from Lancashire ; (4) a melanic sei'ies of Cymatoiphora duplaris from Simonswood
Moss, where only dark forms seems to occur now j {b) a, Melaaippe fluctuata vfith
only the costal portion of the central band remaining, and wiih brownish ground
colour ; and (6) a specimen of Acronycta leporina from Delamere Forest, with
black thorax and abdomen, and with fore-wings much suffused with black. Mr.
Stanley Edwards, a collection showing the various groups of the Reliconinse. Mr.
West of Greenwich, his collection of British Hemiptera, some 431 species, many of
which were particularly interesting, as having been taken in the near neighbourhood
of London. Mr. F. B. Carr, a bred specimen of Laaiocampa quercus, in which the
scales were extremely ill developed. Mr. Harrison, on behalf of Mr. E. Harris of
Chingford, bred series and generations of Hemerophila abruptaria from ova laid in
May, 19U4, from the pairing of a dark female with a light male, and from ova
obtained by pairings of this first generation. Dr. Chapman, bred specimens of
Arctia villica, var. konewkai, from Sicily. Mr. Hare, a very dark variety of Boarmia.
repandata from Basingstoke. Mr. Gr. B. Browne (i), a dark form of Ellopia Jasci-
aria ; (2), bred specimens of Uabera pusaria v. rotundaria ; (3), an extremely dark
form of Acronycta ligustri from Lee; (4J, dark forms of Trachea piniper da; and
(5), a varied sex-ies of Lithoatege griseata. Mr. Chittenden, dark forms of Triphaena
comes, bred from Forres larvae and a yellow form of TiUacea aurago from Ashford,
Kent. Mr. Rayward, several Anth^'ocera filipendulie with the sixth spot almost
suppressed, and a most brilliant form of Polyommatus bellargus from Reigate.
Mr. Dobson, the species of dragon-flies which he had taken last summer on the
Norfolk Broads, viz., Libellula fuLva, L. quadrimaculata, (Jrtlietrum cancellatum,
Mschna isosceles, Brachytron pratense and Cordulia senea. Mr. Joy, a specimen of
Cupido minima, in which the submarginal spots on the under-side of the hind-
wings were elongated into partial rays. Mr. South, varieties of (1) Amphidasys
betularia, with unusually well-defined transverse lines ; (2) CUora glabraria, a much
suffused form; (3), Boarmia cinctaria, with the two medial lines approaching
below the middle ; (4), Teplirosia punctularia, of a pale ochreous colour; and (5),
Ematurga atomaria, aberrations from Oxshott. He also showed a series of Aglais

70 [March,

urticis bred from lai-vse fed ou hop ; they were unusually small. Mr. Barnett,
some large Buprestid Coleoiotera, with examples of the extremely lai-ge ova of the
same. Mr. Baeot, very extensive series and generations of Triphssna comes, origi-
nating from parents bred from larvae collected in Aberdeenshire.

Thursday, December V6th, 1905. — The President in the Chair.

Messrs. ilarrison and Main exhibited a series of Cleoceris viminalis, bred from
Windermere larvae, showing variation from pale grey to very dark, with captured
pale specimens from Barmouth ; they also showed Plusia moneta from Chertsey
and Reigate larvae. Mr. Stonell (1) melanic specimens of Phigalia pedaria hova.
Delamere Forest, Odontopera bidentaia from skelmanthorpe, and Camjptogramma
bilineata from Sheffield ; {'I) Folyommatus icarus, ? s with J' coloration ; (3)
Lyc-xna avion from North Cornwall ; (1) Nonagria cannx from Norfolk ; and (5)
Eupiihecia pernotata taken at Loughton in 1876. Dr. Chapman, larvae sent to
him by Mr. Murray from Carnforth; they were so densely hairy as to appear
almost solid. They appeared to him to be larvae of Nemeophila plantaginis,
although he had never known them to hibernate at such an advanced stage in this
country. Mr. Murray did not think they were this species. A Continental record
was mentioned of the species hybernating full fed, when it was densely haired.
Mr. Adkin, series of melanic O. bidentata from Durham larvae, some of which
showed whitish lines or markings. Mr. G-oulton, photographs of larvae in situ on
their food-plant. Mr. H. Moore, nest of the Durban White Ant {Vermes bellicosus).
Mr. Burnett, dark forms of Mellinia circellaris, Boarmia gemmaria (var. perfu-
maria), and a varied series of Hybernia defoliaria, some being brilliantly banded,
all from West Kent. Mr. Fremlin, Sirex juvencus from Maidstone. The Reports
of the Field Meetings held at Reigate and Oxshott were read. — Hy. J. Turnek,
Hon. Secretary.

1

Entomological Society of London : The Annual General Meeting was
held on Wednesday, January 17th, 1906, at the Rooms of this :Society, 11, Chandos
Street, Cavendish Square. Mr. F. Meebifield, the President, read an Address
on the General Operation of Temperature on the Growing Organism of Lepidop-
terous Insects, bused on a series of experiments, especially with reference to the
remarkable limitations imposed by climatic and artificial conditions. The Report
of the Society showed that for the first time in its history, the number of Ordinary
Fellows had reached 500. The Officers and Council were elected for the Session
1906-7 as follows: President: Mr. F. Merrifield. Hon. Treasurer: Mr. A. H.
Jones. Hon. Secretaries : Mr. U. Rowland-Brown, M.A., and Commander J. J.
Walker, M.A., R.N., F.L.S. Librarian: Mr. G. C. Champion, F.Z.S. Other
Members of the Council : Mr. G. J. Arrow, Mr. A. J. Chitty, M.A., Mr. J. K.
Collin, Dr. F. A. Dixey, M.A., M.D., Mr. H. Goss, F.L.S., Mr. W. J. Kaye,
Mr. H. J. Lucas, B.A., Professor E. B. Poulton, D.Sc, M.A., F.R.S., Mr. L. B.
Prout, Mr. E. Saunders, F.R.S., F.L.S., Mr. R. S. Stauden, F.L.S., and Mr. C. O.
Waterhouse. — H. Rowland Beown, Hon. Secretary.

Wednesday, February Ith^ 1906. — Mr. F. Meeeifibld, President, in the Chair.
The President announced that he had nominated Mr. Herbert Goss, F.L.S.,

1906.] 71

Mr. Edward Saunders, F.R.S., F.L S., and Mr. Charlos Owen Waterhouse, as Vice-
Presidents for the Session 1906-7.

Mr. H. J. Carter, B.A., of " Ascham," Darling Point, Sydney, New South
Wales, and the Rev. William Henry Heale, of Wolstanton Vicarage, Stoke-on-
Trent, were elected Fellows of the Society

The decease of the Rev. Joseph Q-reene, M.A., was announced.

Mr. W, E. Sharp exhibited a specimen of Lnthrohium lasoipenne, Heer, new to
the British list, taken by him in a sandpit near Oxted, Surrey, in August, 191^5, and
for comparison therewith the nearest members of the group to which it belongs,
L. horeale, Hoch., L. fidvipenne, Grav., and L. angustatum, Lac. Dr. F. A.
Dixey, specimens of South African butterflies belonging to the Nt/mphalinse, Acras-
inse, Danainx, and PapiUoninx, and remarked upon the odours attaching to them
which he and Dr. LongstafP had observed in the field. He drew attention to the
significance of the fact that scents of an agreeable nature (as in Pierinse generally,
Mycalesis safitza, &c.) were as a rule confined to the male sex, while those of a dis-
agreeable or disgusting character (as in Acrxinse and many Papilios) were often
common to both sexes. A discussion followed on the organs and uses of scent as
purposes of attraction and defence in insects generally, in which the President,
Mr. J. W. Tutt, Dr. T. A. Chapman, Mr. G. Bethune-Baker, Mr. M. Burr,
Mr. Q-. J. Arrow, and other Fellows joined. Dr. G. B. Longstaff, four species of
Acrxa taken in South Africa during the visit of the British Association, viz.:

(1) A. anemosa, Hew., from the Victoria Falls, and Mochudi in Bechuanaland ;

(2) A. alhoradiata, Auriv., previously known to Mr. Roland Trimen by two females
only, and considered by him as a variety of anemosa; (3) ^. a^oZmi*, Westw., to
which he gave the names of atolniis and acontias, although there seems no doubt
they are one species; and (4) A. aterg at is, Westw. Professor E. B. Poulton ex-
hibited and read a note upon two Diptera, identified by Mr. G. H. Verrall as a
Chortophila, which had been observed following the bee, Andrena lalialis, Kirb.,
by Mr. A. H. Hamm. He stated that new and interesting light had been thrown
on the observation by Col. Yerbury, who pointed out that both flies were males.
At first sight it seemed astonishing that the bees should be pursued by the males of
inquiline flies ; but he suggested the males in this way find their way to the
burrows, where they meet the females, which have also reached them in the same
manner, or where more probably they lie in wait for the freshly emerging females.
Mr. W. G. Sheldon, a collection of Rhopalocera made by him in Spain during July
and August, 1905, together with typical European specimens for comparison, in-
cluding an aberration of A. aglaia, with the black blotches on the superiors en-
larged and banded, and with dark suffused ground colour on all wings ; and an
interesting series of L. corydon and vars. hispana and polonus from Albarracin, with
intermediates between all these forms, and also British, French, and Swiss typical
.specimens for comparison. Dr. G. B. LongstafE read a paper " On some Bionomic
Points in certain South African Lamellicorns." Mr. Roland Trimen, F.R.S., com-
municated a paper " On some new, or hitherto unfigured species, of South African
Butterflies." Commander J. J. Walker communicated a paper entitled " Some
Observations on the Reproduction of Hemiptera-Cryptocerata," by Claydon Hewett,
B.Sc. — H. Rowland Brown, Hon, Secretary,

72 [March, 1906.

ON THE BRITISH SPECIES OF HTBROTMA, Dsv.
BY PERCY H, GRIMSHAW, F.E.S.

{Concluded from vol. x\\\, page 11).

12. — H. TELTTTiNA, Dsv. Male: Eyes hare, contiguous, arista bare, except for
a very slight pubescence at the base. Thorax, including shouldei's and pleurae,
shining hlacJc. ^J<^ow?en with bluish-grey rather inconspicuous tomentum,and a
black dorsal stripe which commences as a broad triangular patch on the 2nd seg-
ment, becoming narrow on the next two, and ceasing about the middle of the
apical segment. Front femora, with two small inconspicuous and blunt teeth, near
base of ventral surface with one very long, one a little shorter, and a row of four
still shorter stout bristles, all of which latter are blunt and slightly enlarged at the
tip ; frovt tarsi vnth lovg, fine hairs at the apex of each joint (one on each side),
1st joint also with one on the middle of the anterior side and several on the
posterior side. HuirZ femora long and curved, slightly thicker near the apex ; hind
tibix with one subapical dorsal bristle, one fine antero-dorsal about the middle,
two postero-dorsal in apical half, and one strong subapical antero-ventral bristle.
Wings more or less tinged with yellowish-brown, posterior transverse vein distinctly
flexed, last section of 4th longitudinal vein twice as long as the penultimate ;
calyptra strongly tinned with oravge; halteres black. Size, 6| mm.

Female : Frons black, ocellar triangle with grey tomentum, sides of face often
with a shining black spot on each side, opposite base of antennae. Thorax shining
black. Abdomen blxck, with a slight greyish tomentum, which is only distinct
towards the apex. Very like the ? of milifaris, but distinguished by the absence
of the anterior bristle on the middle tibiae, while the last section of the 4th longi-
tudinal vein is twice as long as the penultimate, and the pre-sutural inner dorso-
central bristles of the thorax are more distinct.

Tbis fine species is evidently extremely rare. I have only seen
two males, taken at Ulverston in Jnne, 1897, by the late Dr. Meade,
and kindly lent me for examination by Professor Miall. Not having
seen a female T am unable to describe the bristles on the legs, while
the short description given above is taken from Stein's Monograph.

13. — H. METEOKTCA, L. Male: Eyes hare, contiguous, arista only slightly
thickened, but distinctly pubescent in basal half; face, dark, never tvhitish or
silvery. Thorax dull velvety-hlacTc, never highly polished. Abdomen hlackish,
with a very slight brownish -grey tomentum, 1st segment and an indistinct tapering
dorsal stripe black. Front femora with two conspicuous and very acute teeth of
unequal size, the larger one distinctly swollen at base. Middle femora with a row of
strong postero-ventral bristles in basal half; middle tihias with two posterior bristles
at one-fourth and one-half from apex respectively. Hind femora with a series of
about four strong antero-ventral bristles near apex, and a row of about seven fine
erect postero-ventral hairs regularly disposed along basal half; hind tlhise with one
subapical dorsal bristle, a regular row of fine, short antero-dorsal hairs, which run
from base to middle and are there terminated by a single stronger bristle, a single

April, 1906.] j^q

postero-dorsal bristle a little beyond middle, and a single antero-ventral bristle at
one-fourth to one-third from apex. Wings hyaline or tinged with yellowish-brown,
last section of ith longitudinal vein about two and a half times as long as the
penultimate j calyptra strongly tinged with yellowish -brown ; halteres black.
Size, 5—5^ mm.

Female : Frons dull black, ocellar triangle and orbits cinereous. Thorax
blackish-cinereous and slightly shining. Abdomen conical and pointed, with
cinereous or olive-cinereous tomentum, unicolorous. Front femora with a complete
row of about eight strong postero-ventral bristles. Middle femora with four to five
erect venti-al bristles in basal third, followed by a regular row of very small decum-
bent ones, which point towards apex ; middle tibise with two posterior bristles at
one-third and two- thirds from base respectively (sometin»es a little closer together
about the middle). Hind femora with three long antero-ventral bristles in apical
third, with a i'evf irregular small ones, in basal portion ; hind tibife with one sub-
apical and one median dorsal, one subapical and one median antero-dorsal, and one
large antero-ventral bristle at one-third from apex. Wings hyaline; calyptra with
yellowish margins : halteres black.

This is a widely distributed but not very common species.
1 Lave examined over thirty specimens, taken in all parts of the
country, from Devonshire and the New Forest to Arran and the
Edinburgh district, also Ireland. It seems to be an early species,
most of the specimens having been taken in May, but the dates range
from May 2nd to September 9th.

14. — H. CINEEEA, Dsv. Male: Eyes bare, contiguous; arista slightly thickened
and distinctly pubescent for the greater part of its length. Thorax black and
slightly shining on its anterior two-thirds, posterior third cinereous, sending forward
two narrow cinereous lines, which reach as far as the suture, shoulders light
cinereous. Abdomen covered with conspicuous light bluish-cinereous tomentum,
basal half of 1st segment and a broad interrupted central stripe black. Front
femora as in H. meteorica. Middle femora on posterior surface with a complete
row of long, fine hairs above and a row of about sixteen very strong spine-like
bristles below, extending along the basal two-thirds, and gradually diminishing in
length as they approach the apex ; middle tibia; with two posterior bristles at one-
fourth and one-half from apex respectively, with sometimes a smaller one between
them. Sind tibix as in H. meteorica, but there are sometimes two postero-dorsal
bristles, one median and the other post-median. Wings hyaline or very slightly
tinged with yellowish-brown; calyptra lohitish hyaline, never tinged with yellowish-
brown; halteres yellowish-brown. Size 5|— 6mm.
Female : Unknown.

This well marked species is evidently rare. I have only seen five
specimens, viz., a male taken by Mr. Verrall at N^ewmarket, May 29th,
1886, and four males from Padstow, Cornwall, taken by Mr. C. Gr.
Lamb in July, 1901. Mr. Verrall included it in his "List" as
M. dentimana, Mg.

74 [April,

15. — H. lEKlTANs, Fin. Male : Eyes ivith a few short, scattered hairs, con-
tiguous ; arista distinctly imhescent for almost its whole length. Thorax hlackish
or blackish-olivaceous, slightly shining, when seen from behind covered with
yelloivish- cinereous tomentum, which leaves three hroad black indistinct stripes;
shoulders yellowish-cinereous ; inner dorso-central {= " acrostichal ") bristles
almost as long and conspicuous as the outer. Abdomen olive-brown, covered with
dense yellowish-cinereous tomentum, which leaves a smooth longitudinal central
stripe of the brownish ground-colour. Front femora with two teeth, the anterior
one large and blunt, the posterior one small and inconspicuous, a row of four to six
very long postero-ventral bristles in basal half (among which are a few shorter
ones) and a complete row of short and fine, erect, widely spaced ventral bristles ;
front tibise distinctly curved, with two deep ventral excavations in basal third, and
a shallow one about the middle, so that there appear to be two triangular projec-
tions, which are much more conspicuous than in any other species, also with two
long fine subapical postero-ventral bristles ; 1st Joint of tarsus with a regular fringe
of anterior and posterior stiff pubescence, amongst which are a few long fine hairs.
Middle tibise when seen from the dorsal aspect very slightly hollowed beyond
middle of anterior surface, basal two-thirds of same surface with a fringe of
moderately long stiff pubescence ; 1*;^ Joint of middle tarsus with a dense ventral
cushion of stiff slightly curved bristles. Hind femora long, suhclavate and slightly
curved; hind tibix slightly bent in middle, with, a fine dorsal bristle at one-third
from apex, antero-dorsal surface regularly fringed with stiff hairs, one to two fine
postero-ventral bristles at one-third from apex, antero- ventral surface with three
regularly disposed, erect, conspicuous bristles near apex, and finally a thick cushion
of stiff hairs occupying apex of ventral and postero-ventral surfaces. Wings
hyaline or tinged with yellowish-brown, usually strongly tinged with yellow at base,
last section of fourth longitudinal vein about twice as long as the penultimate ;
calyptra strongly tinged with yellowish-brown ; halteres yellowish-brown. Size,
5^—6^ mm.

Female : Frons blackish and thickly covered with yellowish-cinereous tomen-
tum ; orbits and ocellar triangle light yellowish-cinereous ; silvery spot at base of
antennae large and conspicuous ; arista distinctly pubescent. Thorax thickly
covered with yellowish-grey tomentum, four rather indistinct longitudinal stripes
of olivaceous ground-colour, the two middle ones sometimes coalescing to form
a band, inner dorso-central bristles large and conspicuous, usually only a single pre-
sutural pair. Abdomen unformly oilve-cinereous , no trace of dorsal stripe or other
markings. Front tibiae with only a single subapical doi'sal bristle; middle tibise
with two posterior bristles at one-fourth and one-half from apex respectively.
Hind tibise with one subapical dorsal, one median antero-dorsal, one median postero-
dorsal, and one antero-ventral bristle at one-third from apex. Wings hyaline,
slightly tinged with yellow at base ; calyptra tinged with yellowish-brown, but not
60 strongly as in $ ; halteres light yellowish-brown.

This species is to be found almost everywhere, being one of the
commonest of British Diptera. The females are most troublesome
and persistent, following one in clouds and well deserving of their

1906.] '^

specific name. Most of the specimens I have seen were taken in
June and July, but the species is found well into October.

16.— H. CURVIPES, Fin. Male: Eyes hare, or at most with a few hardly visible
short, scattered hairs ; arista distinctly pubescent for the greater part of its length.
Thorax covered with yelloioish-cinereous or bluish-cinereous tomentum, which leaves
four very indistinct longitudinal stripes of olivaceous ground-colour, shoulders
light cinereous. Abdomen translucent yelloio with a narrow blackish-cinereous and
slightly shining dorsal stripe and light cinereous apical segment, which colour
sometimes also extends on to the apical half of the 3rd segment. T'ront femora
m7A ^«;o strong and conspicuous sub-basal ventral bristles; front tihix in middle
of postero-ventral surface with a slightly elevated polished black ridge, immediately
beyond which on ventral surface is an oval polished concavity ; \st joint of tarsus
with a few long fine hairs. Middle femora with about six extremely long bristles
at base of anterior surface, and three to four strong and conspicuous postero-ventral
spines placed at wide regular intervals and occupying about middle third. Rind
femora long, slightly curved and subclavate ; hind tibi% strongly bent ventrally and
slightly enlarged in apical half, on ventral surface a little beyond middle a very
characteristic i.e«c^^ of about six long, stiff bristles, which converge at apex, where
they unite and form a conspicuous hook, towards apex of tibia this pencil is followed
by 'a short row of about six very short stiff erect bristles. Wings distinctly tinged
with yellowish-brown, posterior transverse vein slightly bent outwards in upper
half ; calyptra yellowish-hyaline ; halteres orange-yellow. Size, 1-1\ mm.

Female: Frons black, covered with yellowish-cinereous tomentum; ocellar
triangle light cinereous and slightly shining ; arista distinctly pubescent. Thorax
as in (?, inner dorso-central bristles more distinct. Abdomen with 1st segment
dull yellow, except a rather broad dorsal stripe and the hind margin, which are
olivaceous-cinereous, 2nd segment of the latter colour with a small basal patch on
each side more or less dull yellow, remaining segments olivaceous-cinereous, with
sometimes a trace of yellow on each side of base of 3rd. Middle tibix with two
posterior bristles at one-fourth and one-half from apex respectively. Sind tibix
with one subapical dorsal, one median antero-dorsal, one median postero-dorsal,
and one rather smaller post-median antero-ventral bristle. Wings more hyaline
than in $ , posterior transverse vein straighter ; calyptra and halteres as in $ .
Size, 6 — 7 mm.

This well marked and easily recognised species appears to be
rare. I have only seen ten specimens, seven of which were taken by
Dr. J. H. Wood in Stoke Wood. Among the examples sent me by
Mr. Verrall were a male from Woolhope, taken by Col. Terbury, and
two females from Howie Hill (? Shropshire). I am not aware of
any Scotch records.

17.— H. GLABEICULA, Fin. Male: Fyes bare, closely contiguous, propor-
tionately very large and occupying more of the head than in the preceding species ;
jowls exceedingly small ; arista quite bare. Thorax with shoulders shining blade,

G 2

76 [April,

unicolorous. Abdomen black and highly polished, 1st segment and base of 2nd
with a verj slight tomentum (causing a rather dull appearance) with a very faint
central stripe of polished black which is better seen from behind, 3rd segment with
an extremely narrow dull transverse band at base, 4th highly polished throughout.
Front femora with two small teeth ; a row of about six long postero-ventral
bristles in basal half. Middle tibiae with ttoo posterior bristles only, one of which
is median and the other at one-fourth to one-third from apex. Hind tibix with
one subapical dorsal, one median antero-dorsal, and one very tiny median postero-
dorsal bristle, a row of about six short and regular postero-ventral bristles in apical
half, and two to three much longer and more conspicuous antero-ventral bristles,
which are widely spaced so as to extend from middle to about one-fourth from
apex. Wings hyaline, veins (including costa) yellowish-brown, last section of 4th
longitudinal vein about three times as long as penultimate ; calyptra yellowish-
hyaline ; halteres black. Size, 3 — 3^ mm.

Female : Not having seen an example of this sex I can only state that,
according to Stein the frons has a shining black middle stripe, the orbits are \\ke-
Vfise shining black, there is a distinct white spot over the base of the antennae;
thorax and abdomen shining black ; wings and calyptra yellowish. Judging from
the S , I assume that the middle tibiae are without anterior bristle, a character
which would at once separate this species from the next.

The only specimens I have seen of this, the smallest of the
species of RydrotcBa, are three males taken by Mr. Verrall at New-
market on July 11th and 12th, 1901. It is abundantly distinct from
the next, although regarded as the same by the late Dr. Meade.

18. — H. PAEVA, Meade. Male : Eyes bare, contiguous ; jowls very narrow as
in H. glabricula ; arist-a bare or nearly so. Thorax black, slightly shining and
with a faint olivaceous tinge ; shoulders distinctly cinereous. Abdomen shining
olivaceous, when seen from behind covered with a light bluish cinereous tomentum,
W!:ich leaves the base of the \st segment and a dorsal stripe on the remaining
segments black. Front femora with two small but distinct teeth, a complete row
of short and fine ventral hairs, among which stand three to four very long and
conspicuous bristles in basal half. Middle femora with two to three very long and
strong blunt ventral spines at one-fourth to one-third from base ; middle tibiae with
two posterior bristles, one of which is median and the other at one-fourth to one-
third from apex, and a single anterior bristle at one-fourth to one-third from apex.
Rind femora with two to three very long and fine postero-ventral bristles at about
one- fourth from apex ; hind tibiae viith a single subapical dorsal bristle, a single
small median antero-dorsal bristle, a single small median postero-dorsal bristle,
a very long, fine and characteristic posterior bristle a little before the middle, and
a row of four conspicuous antero-ventral bristles, which are widely and regularly
spaced so as to occupy all but the basal third or fourth, the one nearest the base
the longest, the others gradually smaller as they approach the apex. Wings usually
slightly tinged xvith yellowish-brown, last section of 4th longitudinal vein about
two and a half times as long as penultimate ; calyptra whitish-hyaline j halteres
black. Size, 3^ — 4 mm.

1906.] tjtj

Female : Frona hiacic, when viewed from the front a sh'ght cinereous tomentum
visible ; ocellar friangle, orhita, and upper part of sides of face polished hlacTc ;
a large and conspicuous silvery spot above base of antennae ; arista practically hare.
Thorax as in ^ , but almost bare, except for the bristles, which are stong and con-
spicuous. Ahdomen uniformly shininq hlacTcish, with a slight olivaceous tinge and
a trace of cinereous tomentum. Middle femora with two to three strong sub-basal
ventral bristles ; middle tihife exactly as in J . Hind femora with two to three
long and conspicuous antero-ventral bristles occupying apical third ; hind tihi^
with a single subapical dorsal, a single small median antero-dorsal, and a single
postero-dorsal bristle, which is usually post-median and sometimes at one-third from
apex, three to four strong and conspicuous antero-ventral bristles, which occupy
about the apical half. Wings hyaline. Calyptra and liaUeres as in ^ .

T liave seen twenty- eisfht specimens of this perfectly distinct
species, all from the sonthern counties of Engjland. Dr. J. H. Wood
kindly submitted to me examples from Woolhope, Leech Pool, and
Whitchurch ; Mr. Yerrall, specimens taken by Dr. Wood in the same
localities, and also a (^ from Coombe Marsh ; the British Museum
contains examples from Torcross and Woolhope, obtained by
Col. Terbury, and which I examined through the kindness of
Mr. Austen ; while Mr. Claude Morley sent me a ^ and ? I believe
from the Ipswich district. The dates of these specimens ran^^e from
June 19th to August 31st.

The Koyal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh :
August, 1905.

COLFOPTERA FROM FAIR ISLE, NORTH BRITAIN.

BY PROF. T. HUDSON BEARE, B.Sc, F.E.S.

I have recently had the pleasure of examining and naming a
small collection of Coleoptera made by Mr. W. Eagle Clarke on Fair
Isle, a small island lying midu'ay between the Orkneys and the Shet-
lands. This island is one of the least visited of all the inhabited
islands of the British seas, as there is no regular communication by
steamer with it ; it is about 2f miles long, and averages about 1 mile
in width. Except for a short distance on its southern coast it is
surrounded by lofty cliffs, which range from about 100 to 600 feet
in height. There are no trees or shrubs of any description on the
island, and a very small portion of it — between 200 and 300 acres of
extent only — is under cultivation ; the bulk of the island is barren,
covered with stunted heather and grass. There are about 100 inhabi-
tants, crofter-fishermen, living in the same primitive fashion as their

78 tApril,

forefathers. Mr. Eagle Clarke spent five weeks on the island, from
September 2nd to October 7th, 1905, with Mr. Norman B. Kinnear.
Previous to their visit practically nothing was known regarding the
fauna and flora of this island, and very little about the geology.
The problem that these gentlemen set themselves to solve was as to
whether the island was zoologically a member of the Shetland group
or of the Orkney group. As a result of their investigations they
have come to the conclusion that it is both zoologically and geologi-
cally an outlier of the Shetland group ; but it will be observed from
the list of species of Coleoptera given below that very little light has
been thrown on this question by the collection of beetles made by
Mr. Eagle Clarke, as all the species are common throughout the
kingdom, with the exception of OtiorrhynGhus hlandus, which is a sub-
alpine species, but is fairly common throughout Scotland. Perhaps
the most interesting point in regard to the collection of Coleoptera
from this remote island was the large number of specimens of Ocypus
olens and of Xantliolinus glabratus found by Mr. Eagle Clarke ; there
were from twenty to twenty-five specimens of each of these species.

The following species occurred : — Carahus catenulatus , Scop. ; NoUophilus
higuttatus, F. ; Loricera pilicornis, F. ; Nelria Irevicollis, F. ; Pterostichus niger,
Schal. ; P. vigrita, F. ; Amara aulica, Pz, ; A. apricaria, Pk. ; Calathus cisteloides,
Pz. ; C. melanocepJialus, L. ; Anchomenus alhipes, F. ; Bemhidium littorale, 01. ;
B. hruxellense, Wesm. ; Trechus minutus, F. ; v. ohtusus, Er. ; Aleochara succicola
Thorns. ; Tachyporus hypnorum, F. ; TacMnus rufipes, De Gr. ; Quedms tristis, Gr, ;
Q. molocMnus, Gr. ; Creophilus maxillosus, L. ; Ocypus olens, Miill. ; Cafius
xantholoma, Gv. ', Xantliolinus glabratus, Gr. ; X. linearis, 0\. ; Othius fulvipennis,
F. ; Lathrohium fulvipenne, Gr. ; Otiorrhynchus hlandus, Gyll. ; Sitones flavescens,
Marsh. ; Aphodius contaminatus, Hbst, ; A. punetato-sulcatus, Stm. ; Geotrupes
sylvaticus, Pz. ; Chrysomela staphylea, L. ; Silplia opaca, L. ; Choleva grandicolUs,
Er. ; Agahus Upustulatus, L.

Mr. Eagle Clarke says that Ocypus olens swarms in the houses at
Eair Isle, and is quite a pest ; it is not confined to the houses of the
crofters, with their earth floors, but also swarms in the laird's house.
This is an interesting new point in the life history of this species.
Edinburgh : March, 1906.

A correction. — In the Victoria History of Sussex which has just been published
it is said that the fine and strange looking Dipteron, Alopl<ora hemiptera, F., has
been bred from Bomhyx neustria ; this, I am sorry to say, was a mistake of my own.
As far as I am aware the Alophora has not been bred either in Britain or on tlie
Continent.— E. N. Bloomt'IBLD, Guestling : February, 1906.

1906.] 79

HELP-NOTES TOWARDS THE DETERMINATION OF BRITISH
TENTHREDINIDM, &c. (12).

BY THE REV. F. D. MORICE, M.A., E.E.S.

{Concluded from page 33).

TABLE FOR BRITISH CECESUS SPECIES.

1. Mesopleurae shining (generally smaller than the other spp.) varus, Vill.

— Mesopleurae dull, somewhat rugosely punctured 2.

2. Vertical area more swollen and squarer in both sexes (1^ times broader than

long). Hind tibiae and metatarsi (noticeably in the $ ? , and just appreciably
in the S S) dilated more suddenly, and to a greater extent, reaching their
maximum dilatation sooner, and rounded away again more gradually towards
the apex, than in the other species. (See fig. 10a) septentrionalift, L.

— Vertical area flatter, and quite twice as broad as long in both sexes. The dilata-

tion of the hind tibiae and metatarsi (especially in the $ ? ) more gradual,
their maximum dilatation quite near the apex, where it abruptly ceases.
(See fig. 10^.) latipes,Yi\\.

Measuring the metatarsi of sepfentrionalis and latipes ? $ under
the microscope, I find that in septentrionalis they are a little more
than twice, and in latipes a little less than three times, as long as
broad. (The exact figures are ff, against f§). Their outline in the
former is roughly semioval, in the latter more clavate (subtrian-
gular). The colour-characters usually employed in distinguishing the
Croesus-^^ec\e% arc of little value. Generally varus $ has quite red
femora, septentrionalis. ? quite black ones, and latipes 2 black ones,
with a large red mark within. But septentrionalis ? also goes red
at times, and the (^ c? of all the species have the femora largely, if
not entirely, red. (The original description of varus professes to be
that of a (;^ ; but, strange to say, no example of that sex has ever
since occurred, and the type specimen seems to have disappeared !).
The wings of varus are clear ; but in both the other species they are
clouded, more or less in different specimens. Cameron says, that
latipes, J , has the antennae " faintly brownish beneath at the point,"
but my own specimens do not bear this out. There is generally more
black at the apex of the abdomen in latipes (^ , than in septentrionalis
$ , but its extent varies in both.

Miss Chawner, who has repeatedly reared all three species from
larvae found at or near Lyndhurst, has kindly given me full accounts
of the habits and appearance of tliese larvae, which agree with those
to be found in Cameron's Monograph. Varus is always found on
alder, the black larva of latipes always on birch, the bluish -green and
yellow larva of septentrionalis occurs on many different trees.

80 [April,

HOLCOCNEME, KoTlOW.

All the species of Holcocneme are large and rather striking
insects, with a "'facies" of their own which when once appreciated is
easily recognised. Though near to Croesus, they could hardly be con-
founded with that genus. Their hind-legs are much less dilated (see
fig. 10), and they have not the peculiar parti-coloured tibisB (white at
base and black at apex) which are universal in the latter genus.
At least, this is so with the three species known to me as British,
which are easily distinguished as follows : —

TABLE FOE, BRITISH HOLCOCNEME SPECIES.

1. Clypeus slightly emarginate only. Pronotum, tegulfe, legs for the most part,

and usually the base of the abdomen , red lucida, Pz.

— Clypeus sharply excised. Prothorax, tegulae, and abdomen quite black 2.

2. Hind calcar half as long as the metatarsus (fig. 10c) crassa, Fall.

— Hind calcar short, only one-third as long as the metatarsus...

coeruleocarpa, Htg.

Erichsoni, described by Cameron as British, is also a Holcocneme,
but T never saw it. Here (in Surrey) I take lucida very frequently,
crassa, seldom. Coeruleocarpa I have never found, but it has been
sent to me occasionally for determination.

HELP-NOTES TOWARDS THE DETERMINATION OF BRITISH
TENTHREDINIDM, &c. (13).

EY THE EEV. T. D. MORICE, M.A., F.E.S.
NEMATIDES {continued); PONTANIA, NEMATUS.
Of the Nematid genera which we have still to consider, four
{Pontania, Nematus, Fteronus, Amam^onematus) have the clypeus emar-
ginate and the claws bifid ; one {PacJiynematus) has the clypeus
emarginate, but the claws with subapical tooth ; while two {Lygceone-
matus and PristipJiora) differ from all the preceding in that they have
a clypeus which is not emarginate but truncate. Apart from these
characters, each genus has a certain " facies " of its own, which with
practice one may learn to recognise ; but any one desiring to avoid
mistakes in his determinations is advised to commence always by
looking first to the clypeus, and secondly to the claws.

PoNTANIA, Jur.

This genus contains a number of small species, most of which, if
not all,* are gall-makers. Their saws ( ? )— considering the size of
the insects— are large and strong, with sheaths which viewed laterally

* There appears to be some doubt whether. P. bipartita makes galls.

1906.] 81

are lorip, but, viewed dorsnlh/, not very broad. As mentioned in my
last paper, they are very nearly related <o Cri/pfocampus, which they
resemble both in habits and general appearance. Tn fact, though
easily separated from that genua by the different wing-neuration, they
really stand much nearer to it on the whole than to several of the
genera with which in that particular respect they agree.

Their specific determination is not easy, the really reliable cha-
racters being few and minute, and the coloration often variable. A
great many species have been described by various authors (generally
on more or less untrustworthy colour characters), but the number of
really distinct and constant forms among them is probably much more
limited. The genus was revised by Konow in 1901, and the following
Synoptic Table adopts his views as to the correct nomenclature and
distinguishing characters of such species as occur in this country. As
will be seen from the synonyms in brackets he " sinks " a good many
of the forms described by Mr. Cameron. On the other hand he revives
one name (femornlU, Cam.), which Mr. Cameron introduced, but
afterwards withdrew under the impression that his species was identi-
cal with one previously described by Thomson.

SYNOPTIC TABLE OF BRITISH PONTANIA spp.

1. Scutellum more or less elevated, and distinctly punctured 2.

— Scutellum flat, and practically impunctate 5.

2. Abdomen entirely luteous (or nearly so) 3.

— Abdomen black above, luteous beneath. Legs pale. Breast black...

sootaftpis, Forst.

3. Head (except lower part of face and a mark behind each eye) and thorax for the

most part black hipartita, Lap.

(? aurantiacus, C).

— Head luteous (except a black vertical mark including the ocelli and the area

behind them). Thorax with little black, except on the meso- and metanotum

and scutellum xantliogastra, Forst.

(? hipartitus, C).

5. Hind calcaria long and evidently curved. Body black, pale at apex below. Saw-

sheath of ? (in lateral view) sharply acuminate leucosticta, Htg,

— Hind calcaria straight , 6.

6. Antennae of ^ not compressed, thin, nearly filiform, about as long as the body.

Saw-sheath of ? produced (in lateral view) into a long sharp point...

viminalis, Htg.

= ischnocerus, Thorns., nee C.

(Jeucostigma, nigrolineatus, purpureas, ? hridgmanii* ? alienatus, C).

— Antennse of <? compressed, setiform, shorter than body. Saw-sheath of ?

rounded, or, at most, angulated at apex (viewed laterally) 7.

* The description of bridgmanii is mysterious. The ovipositor is described first as " short,"
and then as " much longer than that of herbacece," which latter is elsewhere said to be " certainly
longer than in any of the other species. "

82 l^^P"^'

7. Stigma unicolorous-yellow vesicator, Brerai.

{■vesicator, togatus, C).

— Stigma white, with the apex more ov less infuscated 8.

8. Very small ? (about 3 mm. long) with exceedingly long saw-sheath," longer than

the belly" (Konow), '* terebra et cercis longissimis " (Thoms.). Femora
generally clouded beneath. Ventral surface quite black, except the naiTOW
basal part of the saw-sheath, which is yellowish. (I do not know the $)...

proximo, Lep.

= dolicJiurus, Thoms.

{gall I cola, herhacese, alhicarpus, C).

— Larger species (4 — 5 mill, long) saw-sheath of ? shorter, but still long — occupying

at least half the ventral surface 9.

9. Femora for the most part black .femoralis, Cam.*

{ixchnocerun, C , nee Thoms.).

— Femora quite pale l^X

10. Transverse frontal ridge (midway between ocelli and insertions of antennae)

thick, obtuse, interrupted by a narrow longitudinal sulcation across its
middle. (Common species, very variable in colour, according to Konow, and

desciibed under many names) salicis, Christ.

{interstitialifi, salicis cinerex, vacciniellus, C).

— Frontal ridge narrow, sharp, and unbroken hella, Andre.

{hella, haccarum, C).

Nematus, L. (sec. Knw.).

The group of species to which the generic name Nemaius is con-
fined in Konow's system is remarkably uniform and distinct. They
are all about of the same size (6 — 7 mm. long). The $ $ may be
known at once by the fact that their last ventral segment is not, as in
other Nematids, drawn out into the form of a narrow triangle, but
broadly truncated, so that it ends not in a point nor nearly so, but in
a long transverse line which is even more or less sinuated inw^ards,
though the convexity of the segment makes this sinuation a little
difficult to realize except in particular points of view. The $ $ have
an equally striking character in the great development of the saw-
sheath. This, viewed laterally, is excessively long, and, viewed dorsally,
excessively broad — at the base in all the species, and in all but one at
the apex also. In some cases the stigma has a very peculiar coloration,
yellow with a dusky base. The third cubital cell is commonly long
and parallel-sided. The ground colour of the body in all our species
is luteous or testaceous, varied to a greater or less extent (especially
above) with black.

Eour British species are known to me, and these are easily dis-
tinguished. They are the same which Thomson records from Scandi-
navia, and may be tabulated as follows : —

* Described in Fauna Scot., 1878. In the Monograph it is called ischnocerus, Thoms., but
according to Konow, it is not that species. (I do not know it except from the descriptions).

19060 OO

SYNOPTIC TABLE OF BRITISH NEMATUS spp.

1. Wings infuscated with black, tliorax (including pronotunn) black in both sexes,

abdonieii reddisli-orange, $ saw-shoath (viewed from above) extremely broad
right up to the apex, which is Lruncately rounded ahdominalis, Pz.

— Wings yellowish or hyaline ; pronotum more or less marked with yellow ...2.

2. Abdon)en above more or less streaked transversely with black. Saw-sheath of ?

tapering from a broad base to a narrow apex (subtriangular, viewed from
above). Mesonotum of S black ; that of 9 generally entirely luteous, but
sometimes (? ^= calednnims, C.) with black markings... acwm'natMS, Thoms.

— Abdomen not streaked with black. Saw-sheath of ? broad at the apex as in

ahdominalis 3-

3. Mesonotum in both sexes luteous, with a black longitudinal stripe on each lateral

lobe h%lineatus,'K.\.

— Mesonotum black in the <? , entirely luteous in the $ luteiis, F.

Easilv as the above species can be separated by colour ebaracters,
the only important " structural " distinction among tbem seems to be
that between the triangular saw-sheatii of acmninatus and the sub-
quadrate ones of the other three species. Ahdominalis, lufeus, and
hiJineatus are all attached to the alder ; the first two often occurring
on it (in this neighbourhood) simultaneously and in great numbers.
Bilineatus I have never taken ; it is perhaps a more northern form.
Mr. Routledge has taken it near Carlisle.

Acuminntus is attached, Mr. Cameron thinks, to the birch. All
my specimens of it were received from Mr. Thornley, taken on Ben
Nevis. Among them were ^ ^ , which sex Mr. Cameron says he does
not know. Occurring alone they might easily be passed over 'd^ S 6
of luteus, but the edges of the dorsal abdomiual segments are black as
in the $ ? .

NOTE ON OTHER SUPPOSED BRITISH NEMATUS spp.
In Cam. Mon., vol. iv, three more species are enumerated as be-
longing to Nematus in Kouow's sense. These are —

1. Caledonicus (described in vol. ii, p. 159).

2. Aurantiacus (described as antennatus in vol. ii, p. 155, not

identical with the species descrrbed in vol. ii, p. 173, as
aurantiacus) .

3. V-flavum (described in vol. ii, p. 142).

1. — Caledonicicfi, from the description, appears to me to be only a
form of acuminatus, ? , which has been sent to me along with normal
^ ^ and 2 ? of the same species by the Rev. A. Thornley, taken
with them on Ben Nevis.

84 f^P"^'

2. — Aurantiacus = antennatus, C. (olim). Of this in vol. iv Mr.
Cameron says " Konow is no doubt right in sinking this as a synonym
of aurantiacus, Htg."

Tn Konow's Catalogue (1890) aurantiacus, Htg. (with antennatus,
C, as a synonvm) was given as a Nematus ; but since (in 1900) and
again in the Eevision of Pontania, Konow has adopted another view
of aurantiaciLS, Htg , and now regards it as a Vantania (viz., hipartita,
Lep.). He also quotes aurantiacus, C, as a synonym of bipartifa,
Lep., referring however, T suppose, not to the, aurantiacus = antennatus
of Cam., vol. iv, but to another species described in Cam., vol. ii, under
the name of aurantiacus, Htg. T cannot make out from vol. iv to
which of Konow's genera Mr. Cameron considers the latter species to
belong ; he only says " it is not aurantiacus, Htg," but gives no further
characters nor reasons for his change of opinion.

A^ to antennatus, Q.,\t is said to have the stigma "testaceous
with a black base, which looks as though it were a true Nematus. But
its other characters by no means suggest that genus, e. g., clypeus
"transverse" (in opp. to "incised"), 3rd cubital cell "not much
longer than broad," &c. It is strange, also, if it be a Nematus, that
Mr. Cameron should say nothing whatever about its saw-sheath.
"Without information on this point, it seems useless to hazard any
conjecture as to the possible affinities of the species.

3. — Y-fiavum. The various notices of this species in Mr. Came-
ron's work are very puzzling and difficult to reconcile. In vol. iv it
is treated as a Nematus in Konow's sense, and said to belong "to the
group of luteus.'' Tn vol. ii it is described as a member of " the group
of hetidce, " and said to be " allied to conjugatus^ The two latter
species both belong, however, to Pristiplwra, and neither of them has
the slightest similarity to a Nematus sec. Konow, Afterwards, in the
same volume, it re-appears in yet another group, coupled with two
species of Pteronus and one of PacJiymenatus.

Not one of the characters by which it is defined is at all suggestive
of a true Nematus — the clypeus is called truncate, the stigma uni-
colorous, and of the saw-sheath it is only said " not so black and
hairy " {i.e., as that of conjuqatus).

Herr Konow tells me he knows nothing like V-Jlavum as described
by Cameron, and altogether I can only leave the riddle of its affinities
unsolved.

On the whole, then, my impression is that w^e cannot claim for
the British list any other real Nematus than the four which belong also
to the Scandinavian Fauna, viz., ahdominalis (= ventralis, Thoms.),
luteus, hilineatus (= hlugii^ Thoms.), and acuminatus.

I 06.] 85

SUFFOLK LEPIDOPTERA IN 1905.
BY THE KEV. E. N. BLOOMFIELD, M.A., F.E.S.

Although 1 am not able to record many additions to our County
list, yet a good number of interesting species have been taken. For
these I am indebted to the same correspondents as last year. The
Rev. A. P. Waller records captures at liemley, Waldringfield, and
Shingle Street ; Mr. H. Lingwood, at Needham Market and JJuu-
wich ; Dr. Crowfoot, at Beccles. Mr. Claude Morley has sent me a
few good .species from the Suffolk Broads, while Mrs. Mann, of
Bungay, has sent me a long list of species taken, for the most part,
in a moth trap in her own garden, which is close to the VVaveuey
Kiver.

I can only mention two Ehopalocera, Argynnis paphia, L., Bungay, in Mrs.
Mann's garden, a species which is rare in Norfolk and the northern part of Suffolk ; ^
and Vanessa antiopa, L., taken at Waldringfield, September 2b»th, in battered
condition.

BoMBYCES. — Ino statices, L., at Lowestoft, Lithosia stramineola^ Dbl., and
Spilosoma urticx, Esp., at Bungay ; Mr. Gr. P. Hope took a few Setina irrorella,
Clerck, at Shingle Street, and found the larvae of Bombyx castrensis, L., very
abundant at one spot feeding on Flantago maritima, Mr. Waller says he could
have taken hundreds. Neither of these tv\o species have been met with lately in
Suffolk, the last record being by Mr. Hele in " Notes about Aldeburgh, 187U."
Stauropus fagi, L., two larvae, which died, and CLostera curtula, L., larv» on
aspen, are recorded from Needham Market.

NoCTU^. — Leucania stramineay Tr., and L. phragmitidis, Hb., were both fairly
common at Hemley, where Mr. Waller took the buff form of L. favicoLor, Barr.,
and some good varieties ot benta maritima, Tausch. Noctua castanea, Esp., were
taken at Dunwich, N. stigmatica, Hb., and Teihea subtusa, F., Hemley, at sugar,
and Dianthascia nana, Eott., at Bungay, rather common at the flowers of Bladder
Campion.

Geometry.- -<Se/e»ia lunaria, Schiff., Acidalia rubiginata, Hufn., and A. sub-
sericeata, Haw., at Bungay ; A. emutaria, Hb., at Hemley, very local. Mmmeiesia
unifasciata, Haw., and Mupithecia pygmxata, Hb., at Bungay, E. togata, Hb., at
Dunwich, Cidaria sagittata, F., three on Thaiictrum in Mrs. Mann's garden,
Coremia quadrifasciarla, Clerck, several, and Chesias I'ufata, F,, in moth trap in
April, both at Hemley.

Pybalides, &c. — Rerminia crlbralis, Hb., Hemley, in the marshes, Aventia
Jlexula, F., at Bungay ; Fyralis costalis, F., eight taken at sugar, and Scoparia
truncicolella, Stn., also at Bungay.

Crambi. — Crambus contaminellus, Hb., Hemley and Bungay ; Romueosoma
sinuella, F., R. binsevella, Hb., and R. nebulella, all at Bungay, the latter also at
Hemley. Ephestia elutella v. roxburghi, E. ficuleUa, Barr., Rhodophaea adv^nelLuy
Zinck., and B. suavella, Zinck., all at Bungay.

86 t^pni'

The more noticeable Tortrices ai'e Tortrix diver.sana, Hb., one only ; T. cos-
tana, F., in the marshes, and also bred from larvae feeding on the seed pods of the
Yellow Flag (Iris) and Phtheochroa rugosana, Hb., all at Hemley ; Sericoris litto-
rails, Curt., Shingle Street, in fair numbers. Orthotxriia antiquana, lib., Hemley
and Bungay; Phoxopteryx uiicana, Hb., OraphuUtha nigromaculana, Haw., Stig-
monofa luiernana, Grn., Dicrorampha simpliciana, Hw., Eupaecilia atricapitana,
Stn., E. geyeriana, H.-S., E. notulana, Zell., * E. roseana, Haw , and E. degreyana^
McL., all at Bungay in the moth trap, and Conchylis smeathmanniana, ¥., at
Hemley.

The TiNE^ are fairly well represented : Epichnopteryx radiella, Curt., Oulton
Broad ; E. reticeLla, Newm., Easton Broad and Hemley ; Adeta ^rvfimitrella,
Scop., Barnby Broad, all in May ; Syponomeuta vigintipunctata, Retz., Orthotelia
sparganella, Thnb., Depressaria contennineUa, Zell., and D. albipunctella, Hb., at
Bungay ; Gelechia *cuneatella, Zell., and G. {Recurvaria) naiiella, Hb., at Beccles ;
O. {Teleia) notatella, Hb., and Argyresthia ephippella, F., at Bungay : (Ecophora
lunaris, Haw.; Argyresthia *sphiiella, Zell.; A. conjugella, Zell.; A. curvella,
Ornix *torquiltella, Zell., and betidse, Stn., at Beccles ; Coleophora *therinella,
Tgstr., at Beccles; C. *adjunctella, Hodgk., Aldborough, in May, 1904; and
Laverna ochraceella, Curt., Ipswich, 1904 Claude Morley ; Elachista *alhifron-
tella, Hb., and atricomella, Stn., Beccles.

Guestling Rectory :

Eebruary, 1906.

An apparatus for collecting small Arthropods.— In the " Entomological News "
for February, 1906, Prof. L. O. Howard, the American Grovernment Entomologist,
gives an interesting account of an apparatus used by Prof. Antonio Berlese (who
has also described it himself in Vol. II of the " Redia "), of Florence, for collecting
small insects, Chelifers, Arachnids, &c., in large numbers from decaying leaves,
manure, moss, bark, &o., brought home for examination. The method followed is
to place this material upon a wire sieve fixed near the upper end of a large metal
funnel, the apex of which is connected by a piece of rubber tubing with a small
tube or bottle containing alcohol. The funnel is passed through a vessel containing
water, and the water heated to 60° C. at least by a lamp, the heat drawing all the
living creatures downwards into the funnel, from the sides of which they fall into
the small bottle of alcohol at the bottom. Prof. Howard adds an illustration of
the Berlese apparatus for direct heating, and of another for indirect heating, both
of which he has tried with success. These methods of the learned Italian and
American Entomologists remind me of a much simpler one used many years ago by
the late R. Lawson, of Scarborough, who obtained enormous numbers of many rare
species from the siftings of flood -refuse from the mountain streams of his own
neighbourhood, as well as fx-om haystack rubbish, &c. Lawson used a long, conical
or balloon-shaped, suspended canvas bag, placing the stuff to be operated on
on a sieve near the top, and fixin/ a tube or bottle, with or without alcohol, at the
bottom outlet. Instead, however, of heating the sides of the funnel-shaped bag,

The species marked thus * are new to the Suffolk List.

1906.] °'

he placed rags soturated with ammonia above tlie material on llie sieve before tying
up the mouth. This had the same effect in driving all the living creatures down-
wards, to fall eventually into the tube below. The objection perhaps to all these
methods of obtaining insects wholesale, is that vast numbers of specimens of the
commonest species have to be looked over, or killed, before the rarer forms can be
selected. Prof. Howard's paper will, I am sure, interest Entomologists who wish
to collect minute beetles, &c., in rough weather, when a bag of siftings could be
much more profitably examined at home.-a. (\ Champion, Horsell, Woking :
March 16th, 1906.

Tkt/amis carta, AIL, as a British i«.vec/. -This insect was brought forward as
British by Mr. J. E. le B. Tomlin in March, 1904 (Ent. Mo. Mag., xl, pp. 60 and
179) on specimens laken by himself and Dr. Harold Bailey at Colby, Isle of Man.
These were identified by M. Bedel as curta. All. As the species has been since
alluded to as British by Mr. Chitty, Brof. Beare, and others, and has been included
in the latest British Catalogue, I propose to show that there was some error in
M. Bedel's identification, and that at present, at least, the insect has no claim to a
place in the British list. Mr. Tomlin well describes the Colby insect as having the
appearance of a miniature T. melanocephala. Mr. Champion (Enl. Mo. Mag^, xli,
p. 92) states that he has long had specimens in his collection as T. atriceps, Kuts.,
an insect regarded by M. Bedel (Faune Seine, v. 311) as synonymous with T. me-
lanocephala, De G-. It is evident that the Colby Thyamis will not answer to
Allard's description of T. curta, All. (Mon. des Alticides, p. 410), in which, in
reference to the elytra, he says : " EUes sont d'ordinaire testacees comme le pro-
notum, mais quelquefois la suture est etroitement ferrugineuse ainsi qu'une partie
des bords lateraux." Bedel (Faune Seine, v, 190) has as follows : " Elytres entiere-
ment pales ou testaces." With a view to making the matter more certain, I sent
two of the Colby specimens to M. Bedel for re-examination, and he has returned
them as " certainly not curta;' and was good enough to let me see authentic
examples of the latter, with which the Colby insect evidently had nothing in
common. I may add that Mr. Tomlin is quite satisfied that T. curta was intro-
duced in error.-E. A. Newbeet, 12, Churchill Koad, Dartmouth Park, N.W. :
February Uh, 1906.

Coleoptera in the Neiobury District.- n^e Coleoptera of this district have been
very little worked, I believe, so the following notes may be of interest.

I have collected here for over two years, but as my time is very limited a great
many species are probably overlooked. In the Oeodephaga, for instance, I have
done practically nothing ; the only three species at all worthy of mention are
Bradycellus placidus, coxnmon in veeA-heA^,Badister sodalis, and Lehia chloroce-
phaJa, the latter species having turned up singly on five occasions.

Water beetles I have not worked much, and have taken little of note. Agahus
femoralis was common in a pond at Coldash on April 17lh, 1904, together with
Bidessus geminus, Relochares punctatus, and Hydrochus angustatus, while Hydro-
porus marginatus occurred under a brick in a swiftly running stream near Kintbury
with plenty of Elmis xneus and Limnius tuberculatus.

88 [April.

Among the Staphjlinidae may be included Ocyusa picina and O. incrassata,
Homalota scapularis and M. humeralis, Medon apicalis, one specimen in haystack
refuse in company with scores of Mabrocerus capillaricornis on September 17th,

1904, and a single Fseudopsis sulcata occurred in a similar locality on October 8th,

1905. The following species have occurred in sphagnum in the spring of 19u5,
viz. : Megacronus cingulatus, Mt/cetoporus punclus, ixnd I'hi/lobius denticoUis,Gry\\.,
and in the autumn, Actobius cinerascens, A. procerulus, A. signaticornis, Stenus
kiesenwetteri (one), Hyperaspis reppensis, Chrysomela didgmata, and four Trachgs
troglodytes, on October 3uth, 19U4.

Evening sweeping as a rule is very unproductive, but several local species have
been met with, some of the better ones being Anisotoma badla, ovalis, Itlura, and
parvula ; one A. n«^06a was found crawling over a mossy stump at Streatley on
October 29th last j Agaricophagus cephalotes, Triarthron mdrkeli, Colon viennense
and brunneum have also occurred, I'selaphus dresdensis was met with on February
2l8t, 1904, in flood refuse, but owing to an injured knee I was unable to search for
more. Aphodius pulridns, I'lagiogonus arenarius, and lieptaulacus villosus are the
only Lamelticornla worth mentioning, and Elaier elongalulus, E. sanguinolentus,
Aphanisticus pusUius and Cryptohypnus 4:-pustulatus the best of the serricornia.

On June 22nd, 1904, Lampyrls nocliluca was in great abundance on the chalk
downs near IStreatley, a friend and myself counting no fewer than 117 in a distance
of half a mile or so when returning from a " mothing " expedition. Dasytes niger
was found in flowers ot pink in a small garden, Antkocomus rufus was common
in reed-beds, Hapiocnemus itnpresfius, TUlus eLongalus, T/ianasimus Jormicat'ius, and
Axinotarsus ruficolUs were also met with.

The genus Cis was represented by C. aitii, micans, hispidus, bidentatus, and
nitidus^yiith. Rkopalodontus froiiticomis and Enneurthroii cornutum, while Sphindus
dubius is sometimes not uncommon in small powdery fungi. The only Longicorns
of any interest are Asemum striatum, under iir bark, and Molorchus minor Siud
rhytoicia cylindrica, taken on the wing. Donacia crassipes, bidens, sparganii,
lemme, and coviari (in Sphagnum), are occasionally met with, but are very local
and scarce. Longitarsus holsaticus turns up in ones and twos, L. agiiis, dorsalis,
flavicornis, and peUucidus also occur more or less sparingly.

Among the Heteromera, the only species of any interest are Tetratoma des-
maresti, Mordella fasciata, and Mordellistena abduminalis.

In 1904 Rhinomacer altelaboides was taken in two localities, but I was unable
to find it last year. Among the Apions, the best include subulatiwi, genistis^
urticarium, cruentatum, pal'ipes, hookeri, Jlavimanum, vicinum, atomarium^
scutellare, livescerum, toaltoni, pubescens, tenue and ebeninum ; Trachyphloeus
squamulatus, T. alternans, Ceuthorrhynckus marginatus, and Ceuthorrhynchidius
terminatus, occur rarely in moss. Folydrusus sericeus and Mecinus circulatus were
found near Andover. Orchestes iota is fairly common on Myrica gale, and
O. saliceti rare on dwarf sallow.

Gymnetron villosulus, Nanophyes lythri, and Clonus tuberculosus occur in the
low-lying meadows near the canal, and C. thapsus is not uncommon near Streatley.
Ceuthorrhynckus euphorbix, reseda;, and punctiger, and Ceuthorrhynchidius pyrrhor'
hynchus and melanarius are the best in their respective genera.

Ql

1906. J 89

All the species of Phytohius, with the exception of P. muricatiis, Bris., appeared
last season, but none of them in any numbers.

I am greatly indebted to Messrs. J. J. Walker and Gr. C. Champion for naming
a great many of mj specimens, and also to Dr. Joy, who has been most kind in
assisting me in many ways. — P. Haewood, Grloucester Eoad, Newbury : February^
1906.

Notes on Irish Coleoptera. — Since my last communication I have been working
at moss from various localities, and with some success. In a bag of moss from
O'Meath, Co. Louth, I found a specimen of Quedius puncticolUs, Thoms., the
best thing in the bag, besides this I took Bemhidium mannerheimi, Sahl., Myceto-
porus splendidus, G-rav,, and Sitones camhricus, Steph. In various bags of moss got
in this neighbourhood I found plenty of beetles, but not many that were of interest.
Anchomenus gracilis, G-yll., was fairly common, but Bemhidium ohtusum, Sturm,
occurred sparingly. In each bag I got specimens of Choleva angustata F., C. agilis,
111., and C. tristis, Panz. The only other capture worth mentioning is Barypeithes
sulcifrons, Boh., a species I had not met with in Co, Armagh previously. Last
month I had the pleasui'e of spending a few days at Summer Hill, Co. Fermanagh,
a delightful spot for the Coleopterist. While rambling about the demense I found
a fine old beech tree with a healthy fungus on its trunk, nicely within my reach ;
in this I found several Scaphisoma holeti, Panz. There were a good many of these
little beetles running about on the fungus, but not having a proper collecting
bottle T did not get as many as I would have wished. I had taken the precaution
of bringing ray moss bag with me, and filled it to the fullest extent with most
beautiful moss, which produced a great number of beetles. I had hoped to have
met with Pselaphus dresdensis, Herbst, but was disappointed. I took a number of
P. heisei, Herbst, so the other may be there to. It was in January that I took
so many P. dresdensis at Armagh, so that it is not at all improbable that the differ-
ence of time might be the cause of its non-appearance. I also took Badisver so-
dalis, Puft., but only a single specimen. Eydroporus angustatus, Sturm, Eomalota
fungi, Q-rav., v. clientula, Er., Philonthus sanguinolentus, Grav., Lathrohium lon-
gulum, G-rav., Cryptohium glaherrimuni, Herbst. I was glad to meet with this
again for I had not done so since I left Armagh ; Evsesthetus ruficapillus, Lac,
Stenus Ixistrator, Er. (the curling pubescence on the abdomen is very beautiful),
S. nitens, Steph., 8. fuscipes, Grav., Trogophlmus corticinus, Grav., Bythinus punc-
ticolUs, Denny, B. hulbifer, Reich., Scydmsenus collaris, Miill., Halyzia conglohata,
L., Scymnus suturalis, Thunb., and S. limhatus, Steph., Atomaria hasalis, Er.,
Galerucella calmariensis, L., G. fenella, L., both wei-e present in some numbers.
Longitarsus melanocephalus. All., there were a great many of this species, while the
only other representative of the genus was a solitary L. luridus, Scop. Weevils
were represented by a number of common species ; Strophosomus coryli, F., and
Sciapliilus muricatus, F., being first in point of numbers. Judging from the results
of the bag of moss, the locality is one which promises and will reward further in-
vestigation. As there are many small lakes, streams, and drains, water beetles are
likely to be well represented. — W. F. Johnson, Acton Glebe, Poyntzpass :

90 CAp"i'

Occurrence of Henoticus serrahis, Qyll., in North Walef.—'Durmg a short Tisit
to Llanberis in September last, I was fortunate in capturin": three specimens of this
rare Cryptophagid. They were taken by sweeping in a marshy spot near Nantperis,
where there were several dwarf sallows, alders, &c. I hare to thank Mr. Newbery
for kindly identifying the species. — J. Kidson-Taylor, 35, South Avenue, Buxton :
March 9th, 1906.

Quedius nigrocoeruleus, Rey, from, Norfollf. — The other day I found among my
series of Quedius mesomelinus, Marsh., a quite distinct looking specimen, which,
however, did not exactly agree with the descriptions of either of the lately intro-
duced allied species. Mr. Newbery has pronounced it to be Q. nigrocoerideus, "Rey,
in spite of the elytra being quite black. It was taken at Barton Broad, Norfolk, in
August, 1904.— NoKMAN H. Jot, Bradfield, near Reading: March 6th, 1906.

Hymenoptera 7iear Hastings. — During a short stay at Hastings last August, I
visited a few localities that used to be favourite haunts of Aculeates. Insects were,
however, very scarce. Probably the very strong winds prevailing at the time kept
many of them from appearing. On August 1st, Pompilus plumheus was fairly
common on the Camber sand-hills, but P. c/iali/beatw.s was represented by one <?
only. A few species of Bomhus were common on Echium, B. hortorum and its var.
harrisellus being very abundant. Dasypoda hirtipes also occui'red. At Bexhill, on
August 8th, Pompilus unicolor, 4 ? , 3 (? , on Daucns, were my best captures.
Others were MegacJiile argentata and Saropoda himaculata, both common, and the
brown and yellow variety of Nomada solidaginis. — GT. E. Frisby, 9, Fengates Road,
Redhill : February I9th, 1906.

The host of Nomada solidaginis. — Last August, Nomada solidaginis was very
abundant on Redhill Common, flying over mixed patches of Erica and Calluna.
At the same time and place, Andrena fuscipes also occurred freely. Thinking that
they might be associated I watched carefully on several occasions, but only once, on
August 19th, was I able to detect the Nomada entering a burrow of the Andrena.
Smith records this Nomada as being associated with Halictus leucozonius. — Id.

Aculeate Hymenoptera at Ltjme Regis. — For the last three years I have visited
Lyme during the month of July to discover if the descendants of the rarities re-
corded by F. Smith fifty years ago were still to be found. I am glad to say that I
have succeeded in finding all of them, though some appear to be very scarce.
Pompilus unicolor. Spin., was taken only in 1903, Didineis lunicornis, Fab., in 1904,
and Methoca ichneumonid.es, Latr., last year. Oorytes laticinctus, Lep,, the new
Halictus semipunctulntus, Sch., and Stelis 8-maculata, Sm., were also taken during
the search for the above, as well as the 160 species recorded in the Ent. Mo. Mag.
(1904, p. 13 ; 1905, p. 21, and in the following list) : —

Formica fusca, Linn., Lasius fuliginosus, Latr., niger, Linn., y^auws, De Gear,
Methoca ichneumonides , Latr., Pompilus a.pproximatus, Sm., gihbiis, ¥Q,h.,unguicularis,
Thorns., pectinipes, V. d. Lind., Trypoxylon figulus, Linn., Pemphredon lugubris,

1906.J 91

Fab., shuckardi, Mor., Crahro clavipes, Linn., Odynerus melanocephalus, Gmel., tri-
fasciatus, Oliv., Halictus pimctatissimus, Schk., minutus, Kirb., Nomada armata,
H.-S., Osmia bicolor, Schk., Stelis aterrima^ Panz., phasoptera, Kirb.

The district must therefore be considered a very good one, as the last three
seasons have certainly been poor ones. One S Methoca ichneumonides, Latr., was
captured carrying a $ , between two and three o'clock in the afternoon. — Edw. B.
Nevinson, 5, Bentinck Terrace, Regent's Park, N.W. : February, 1906.

Halesus guttatipennis in Derbyshire and Lincolnshire. — To the localities for
Halesus guttatipennis enumerated by Mr. K. J. Morton (Ent. Mo. Mag., March,
1906, p. 66), I can add Lathkildale, near Bakewell, Derbyshire, from where I have
specimens in my series taken by Mr. S. L. Mosley on October 19tb, 1898. I have
also a specimen taken by Mr. James Eardley Mason at Alford in Lincolnshire, as
ong ago as November 9th, 1889,— G-eo. T. Pobbitt, Huddersfield : March 7th,
1906.

Charles William Dale, F.E.S. — It is with much regret that we announce the
death of Mr. Charles William Dale, who passed away at Sherborne, on February 20th
last, at the age of 54. Inheriting from his father, the late Mr. James C. Dale
(whose name appears repeatedly in his friend John Curtis' " British Entomology "),
the love of Natural History in general, and of Entomology in pai-ticular, he followed
closely in his footsteps, collecting — almost entirely in their imaginal states —all orders
of insects, with which he early became familiar. His opportunities for doing so
were exceptionally good, his boyhood and youth being spent at home, and his
educational studies making no very severe tax upon his time ; he had also the
advantage of the use of his father's fine collections, of which, on the death of the
latter, all the British ones passed to him in 1872. When about 30 years of age,
Mr. Dale entered Oxford University, but after a short residence, spent chiefly at
Wadham College, he returned home to Grlanvilles Wootton Manor House, near
Sherborne, where practically his whole life was spent, and around which the family
estates lay.

Many notes from our friend's pen, chiefly on the capture of rare and interesting
species, have appeared in the Entomological magazines, the last being only dated
" January 13th, 1906," and published in the February number of this periodical,
and occasional papers were read by him before the Dorset Field Club, one having
been promised for a meeting that was held two days after his death. His most
important works were " The History of G-lanvilles Wootton, including its Zoology
and Botany" (187tt), "The Lepidoptera of Dorsetshire" (1886), with a Second
Edition (1891), and " The History of our British Butterflies," which was issued as
a Supplement to " The Young Naturalist." These showed great industry, and
include a large number of valuable records, though the fact that they contain
a good many erroneous entries must always be a source of regret, and of difficulty,
to the specialist. But where such very extensive knowledge is aimed at, depth and
accuracy cannot fail to be more or less sacrificed, and we do not remember any

H 2

92 [April.l

Naturalist of modern times whose acquaintance with British animate nature was so
wide. Mr, Dale was, in addition, an ardent devotee of cricket and lavn tennis, and
for some years was frequently seen in the hunting-field. He was never married,
and a nephew and niece, the children of his younger and only brother, Edward,
whose tragic death took place at Salisbury some two years ago, are left to mourn his
loss. His valuable collections are bequeathed to the Oxford University Museum,
provided that certain specified conditions are complied with. — Eustace R. Bankes.

^tVUvCB.

The Yictoria Histoet of the Counties op England : A Histokt of
Sussex. Insecta, edited by Heebeet Goss, F.L.S., &c., pp. 128, folio. London :
A. Constable & Co., Limited, 1906.

Sussex is the third of the English counties treated of in the " Victoria
History " that we have as yet had occasion to notice, and from its favourable situa-
tion and varied physical features, it would naturally be expected to be one of the
most productive and interesting of all in the Entomological sense. This is fully
borne out by the fact that the " Insecta " occupies nearly 13U pages of the section
of the work devoted to the Natural History of the county. The Editor has been
fortunate in obtaining the co-operation of many well-known resident (and other)
Entomologists, in making the enumeration of all the Orders of Insects more com-
plete than in either of the previous volumes noticed, and especial use has been made
of the excellent lists compiled, chiefly by the Rev. E. N. Bloomfield, for the
Hastings Natural History Society. While several districts appear to have been
exceptionally well investigated, others, especially in the north and west of the
County, are comparatively unworked, and many interesting additions may be
expected from these parts. The various Orders are all well represented, the lists of
the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera being as usual the most complete, and the latter
reaching the fine total of 2080 species ; while a good start has been made with the
Diptera in the enumeration of 950 species by Mr. J. H. A. Jenner. Localities
are given for the more interesting and uncommon forms in all Orders, an excellent
practice, which we hope to see continued as far as possible in the forthcoming
volumes of the " Histoi'y " ; and we may congratulate all concerned in the work on
the thoroughness with which it has been carried out.

Twenty-ninth Annual Repoet and Peoceedings of the Lancashiee
AND Cheshiee Entomological Society, Session 1905. " Visiter " Printing
Works, Southport.

The Annual Report of this active and flourishing local Society for the past
year includes three papers of much interest, one of which " Some Notes on Manx
Coleoptera" by Mr. J. R. Le B. Tomlin, has already appeared in our pages. Mr.
E. J. B. Sopp gives a very full and readable account of the early stages of the large
water-beetle, Dytiscus punctulatus ; and the Vice-Presidential Address of Mr. H.
St. J. Donisthorpe at the Annual Meeting, treats of the Myrmecophilous Coleoptera
of G-reat Britain, a subject he has made especially his own. This last embodies a
full list of our British " ant's nest beetles," with copious notes on each species, based

1 1906

93

teresting little creature, fully up to date ; and P P

the hands of every Ooleopterist.

„,^iT SoclKTT ; The Meeting held
in the Koyal Institution, Liverpool Monday, Jebr-.y ^^^^._^^ ^.^^

W....«, Tiee-President. in the Cha.. oC e ^or» o^^^ 3_^_^_ _ ^^^^ ^^ , _
the Liverpool Mieroscopieal Soeiety. Piot. (xeo.

was elected a Member of the Society. ^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^ j^^^ ^^.^ies of

The following exhibits -"^^^I^^J^^j^^^^e^ented the range of variation

as ™et with in the St. Helen's district «^^ J'^^J ,i,ible. Mr. F. N.

„nieolorous dull brown, "'";."-;;, ^^ thrdiflerence between the androeonial
Pierce, microscopical preparations ^J^^ X the dissimilarity between the form
.ales and the ordinary --;^;;;;:':1/ the scales, was also strikingly iUus-

and depth of the --'-''''"""" '".^p^agons Coi.o,(-c, i™!"^'"^ »'™' °f
trated. Mr. E. J. B. Sopp, Briti h »7°,^ ^...^'^^.al and scarce species ;

C,ry.o^U cere.Us, ^^''™''--;,7:r;::; lll^Hc^., taUen by Mr. Hugh
also a photograph of the egg capsule ot Per^P ^^^^^^.^^ f,„„,

Main,'B.Sc. Mr. K Wilding ■;-*"^;;;;;;;:r Staining about ICO butter-

Uighton Bu..ard. ^^^^XrCZloo... during April, 1905. Mr.

flics and moths, taken by himself °" "';';;'; Mi„„,eopical Society showed

McPhail, Mr. F. N. Pierce, and other Members ^ th^ . P^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^.

„any slides illustrating insect morpholog,.-H. K.

BKIDOK, J/oi>. (Secretaries.

TH. SO..H ^o.ZZZZ^^^^i;;-z::r'-

.„ U«, 1.06.-Mr. ll.» -- --;-f ^; _ „, ,,„ Haldcn, were

Mr. J. W. Schoon, of Bays^vater, and Mr. A. A. l^o
elected Members. Morvho cupris from South

Mr. Hy. J. Turner exhibited ^7^ h »» ' ova of Pi..^» *-ic.,
America. Mr. South, a reproduction o °-^ ^ ^^_^ ^ ,,^ ,,,„,! appearance of

showing the larva just emerging. He eal ed ^^^ ^^ _^^_^^ ^^^^^ ^^.

the egg and the erroneous Ai-J.^ts ly of *«« (..ac.o.^o.^) »^^"".'--
Tongc, a capital photograph ol he 1 hi ^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ,,„.,„/.*„a,

ova, larva, pupa, and imago. Mi. Main, a g ^^^^ ^^ p,Wi>ia».ia>

i„ed from Lancashire '-'- »^/^^f ; £ ' "^ ^^'•''«^- '' ''■"^. ^-''"^ -'°-
„.H»». Mr. Kaye, ^ . -"^^^'^^JX'';:, Je latter species flying over
resemblance to A. agatuna. I »-;;"" ^^ ,j„eryptic resemblance brought
lieather at Oxshott, and was a good cxampl ^ J^^^ ^^,i„ ,„,a the Keport

about by the common habit of resting o"/-^*; ' ,j^. Carr communicated the

0, the Field Meeting held ^ f^' ""^^^^ It ^ Paal'^ Cray on Sept. 16th.

Report of the Field Meeting held at ChiselUurst

94 ' [AvrU.,

Thursday y January 2ioth, 1906. — The President in the Chair.

Annual General Meeting.

The Balance Sheet showed the financial condition to be very satisfactory, there
being some £42 balance. The Report of the Council was read, showing that the
meetings had been well attended, the exhibits varied and interesting, that nine
Papers and Addresses, three lantern demonstrations, and five Reports had been
given to the Society ; that five field meetings had been held, and that the library
and collections were constantly being refeiTcd to by the Members. The following
gentlemen were then declared elected as Officers and Council for the year: Presi-
dent, R. Adkin, F.E.S. ; Vice-Presidents, W. J. Kaye, F.E.S., and Hugh Main,
B.Sc, F.E.S. ; Treasurer, T. W. Hall, F.E.S. ; Librarian, A. W. Dodds ; Curator,
W. West ; Hon. Secretaries, Stanley Edwards, F L.S., F.Z.S., and Hy. J. Turner,
F.E.S. ; Council, F. E. Carr, T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S , F. Noad Clark,
A. Harrison, F.L.S., F.Z.S. , A. Sich, F.E.S., E. Step, F.L.S., and W. VVest, L.D.S.
Mr. Main read his Presidential Address, then introduced Mr. Adkin, the new
President, who took the Chair.

Oedinaet Meeting.

Mr. Bellamy exhibited (1), a very fine " black " form of Anihrocera trifoliiy
captured at Ringwood on June 25th, 1899, afterwards ascertained to be the var.
obscura; (2) an extreme form of Polyommatus corydon, yar. fowleri, from Swanage,
July 30th, 1899, in which the spots on the white border of the hind-wings are almost
absent ; and (3) a yellow form of Caliiniorpha dominula. Mr. Turner, a number of
species of buttei'flies, taken by Dr. Chapman in late July, at Larche and Lauteret,
including Colias palteao, Polyommatus damon, P. escheri, P. orbitulus, Epiaephele
lycaoUy Erehia lappona, &c. Mr. Edwards, the pupa cases of Cionus scrophularias
among the seed vessels of Scrophularia nodosa, showing the remarkable resem-
blance ; also specimens o£ Papilio palros and photinus. Mr. Lucas, specimens of
the Stag-beetle, Lucanus cervus, dug up from their cocoons at Kingston, in early
January. Mr. Tonge, for Mr. Vine, a pale yellow bipupillate form of Epinephele
janira, and a photographic life-history of Euchlo'e cardamines.

Entomological Society of London : March 7th, 1906. — Mr. F. Meeri-
FIELD, President, in the Chair.

The Rev. Q-eorge Wheeler, M.A., of Les Tourelles, Territet, Switzerland, was
elected a Fellow of the Society.

Mr. U. W. Andrews exhibited two specimens of Microdon latifrons,Ij\f., a rare
Dipteron taken in the New Forest in June, 1905. Mr. H. M. Edelsten, examples
of Nonagria neurica, Hb., and N. dissoluta, var. arundineta, Schmidt, from Grermany
with (?) var. arundineta from Central Asia, for comparison with JSl. dissolutx and
N. var. arundineta from Kent, Cambridge and Norfolk. Mr. L, B. Prout showed
and read a note on a variable series of Gynopteryx gladiaria, Guen., and its varieties.
Mr. A. J. Chitty, combs of the honey bee formed on a branch of a nut tree, the bees

1906.] 95

havinfj swarmed late in the year. After July they deserted the combs, and having
consumed all the honey contained in them, again swarmed on a neighbouring tree.
Prof. R. Meldola, F.R.S., a specimen of Prodenia littoralis, Boisd., which had
emerged in a breeding cage kept, with many others, by Major R. B. Robertson, at
Boscombe, Hants, for the reception of caterpillars found in that district. The moth
emerged on July 16th, 1905. The species, which is figured in Hampson's " Moths
of India," is said to have a distribution extending from the Mediterranean subregion
throughout the tropical and subtropical zones of the Old World. Mr. O. E. Janson,
a Mantis on a portion of the bark of a tree as found by Mr. F. Birch in Trinidad,
who stated that its close resemblance to a withered leaf was evidently a protection
for aggressive purposes. Mr. M. Burr, a series of Callimenidx, a small family of
Ortlmptera, consisting of two genera, Dinorchns with the single species D, dasypus,
lUig., and ('allimenns, of which all the known species were included, with the
exception of C. itiflatv.s, Br., from Asia Minor. Mr. H. Rowland-Brown, $ speci-
mens of Argynnis viobe, var. eris, from the Pyrenees, Cevennes, and South Tyrolese
mountains. Ue drew attention to the remarkable form of the example taken at
G-avarnie, in July, 1905; of which the coloration of the upper-side of all the wings
was ruddy-copper red shot with blue upon the nervures. He also remarked that
whereas specimens of eris and other Argynnids from the mountainous regions of
Central France showed a tendency to maintain constant pale forms, those from the
Pyrenecb are more highly coloured, while the high Alpine forms of Central Europe
inclined to melanism. Prof. E. B. Poulton, F.R.S., an original note-book of
Burchell's taken to South Africa in 1812. He said that it established the date of
the author's birthday, hitherto unknown, to be July r2th, while it also J'ecorded for
the fii'st time the superstitious dread of the native Hottentot for the " Death's
Head Moth," known locally as the "Devil Bee." Dr. F. A. Dixey, specimens of
Pierine butterflies from South Africa, India, and Asia Minor to illustrate how the
under-sides in the dry season forms of the group are apt to take a red tinge, and it
was especially interesting to note that the same tendency was manifest in all species
collected from such widely-separate regions. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, a note on the
migration of Lepidoptera, extracted from a report on " The Pearl Oyster of the
Q-ulf of Manaar — Avicula {Meleagrina) fucata," by Henry Sullivan Thomas, F.L.S.,
F.Z.S., &c., extracted from the " Madras Joui-nal of Literature and Science " for
the session 1886-87. Colonel C. T. Bingham read a note on " A Plague of Ants in
the Observatory district. Cape Town, South Africa," and illustrated his remarks
with specimens of the insects referred to by him. Dr. G. B. Longstaff read a paper
" On some Rest Attitudes in Butterflies," illustrated by numerous specimens
arranged upon backgrounds of specially-tinted sandpaper approximating to the
natural surroundings of the insects in their various habitats. A discussion
followed, in which the President, Prof. Poulton, Dr. Chapman, Mr. H. Rowland-
Brown, and other Fellows joined. Dr. T. A. Chapman read a paper entitled
"Observations on the Life History of 'L'richoptilus paludum, Zell." Prof. E. B.
Poulton, F.R.S., read a paper by Mr. Frank P. Dodd " On some Parasitic Hymen-
opterous Insects of North Queensland," and exhibited a number of interesting
specimens to illustrate his remarks.— H. Rowland-Brown, Hon. Sec.

96 [April, 1906.

ACUL-EATE STMENOPTEBA FROM BURGOS, OLD CASTILE,

COLLECTED DURING- THE TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE SUN,

AUGUST 30th, 1905.

BY THE RET. A. E. EATON, M.A.

WITH A LIST OF THE SPECIES OBTAINED.
BY EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.R.S.

The population of Burgos was augmented on tbe day of the
ech'pse by some thousands of visitors, many of whom had travelled
all night. Among them, from Bordeaux, arrived a party of the
British Astronomical Association, led by Mr. Nield, prepared to
photograph and otherwise observe the sun's corona and other matters.
They had arranged to erect their instruments upon the Campo de
Siliala, about two kilometres southward from the centre of the city,
at an altitude (according to an AneroiH Barometer) of about 3000 ft.
above the sea, whence an extensive view is obtainable from S.E. to
N.W. southerly and westerly. A cordon of mounted troops was to
guard them from intrusion of passers by.

Accordingly, at 9.30 a.m , amidst a concourse of sight-seers, the
party having breakfasted and gleaned from shops the rudiments of
lunch, set out from the city for their destination — a straggling pro-
cession of travel-worn objects, newly washed, headed by a Spaniard
bearing a deal packing case of optical apparatus on his shoulder, and
closed by an unattached English bug-hunter, net in hand and mat
basket on back, with an Oxonian. The plateau was reached about
10 a.m., the troops pushing on in advance along the dusty road to
establish their cordon. Already numbers of spectators had arrived,
and more still kept coming from the town, until the Campo was as
crowded as a racecourse. Amid the throng outside the area patrolled,
two English ladies, observing with telescopes set up on the borders of
the common, were soon almost buried out of sight by dense rings of
interested onlookers.

Entomologically the Campo de Siliala and its outskirts seemed
likely to yield more bees and wasps than Lepidopfera or OrtJioptera.
The butterflies appeared to be mostly species of wirle range — Fa?iessa
antiopa and atalanta and H. comma among them. So hardly anything
but bees and wasps went into the killing bottles. The flowers were
all autumnal, the bulk of the herbage gone to seed. Ranging over
the ground with net and bottle amongst the crowd, for at least a
couple of hours, proved rather an ordeal ; for until the critical period

May, 1906.] 97

of total eclipse drew near, more attention was paid by passers by to
tlie netsman tban to celestial affairs. To justify tbe sanity of his
occupation, occasional peep-shows had to be accorded, through a lens,
of the contents of collecting bottles, with explanations — one per cent,
verbal to 99 per cent, dumb show. This encroached upon the time
available for collecting, because when family parties made a stand,
mothers and grandmothers always wanted Thk Baby to see everything.
But there could not have been more agreeable people ; and a Hymen-
opterist among them was interested in the species secured. Even
sentries strolled aside for a peep, and saluting returned to their posts,
greatly gratified.

Within twenty minutes, or thereabouts, of totality, Bombus and
hive bees ceased to be seen. Ants went to sleep on shoots of a yellow
flowered Ononis, when it grew darker.

Dciylight by this time was rapidly failing. The night had been
clear ; but clouds in the early morning had begun to form over the
northern mountains, stra/tts, moving slowly southwards beneath far-
reaching streamers of lofty cirrJius. And now large portions of the
sky were overcast with broken cloud, and showers here and there
began to fall.

The heights above Burgos, through a field glass, look black with
spectators : the royal family is there. The sun is clouded over, and
the rain has arrived. The light is like that of an arctic midnight in
the shadow of mountains in July. A large break in the clouds is ap-
proaching ; will it arrive in time ?

Balloons, now set free, float slowly eastwards from the town.
The glass shows their occupants discharging ballast in all haste, hoping
to rise above the drifting scud ; but the falling temperature lessens
their buoyancy and retards their ascent.

It grows darker. The lucky break in the clouds is reaching the
sun. Beautiful and delicate colouring of remarkable transparency
lights up the edges of the clouds and pervades the sky, like tints of
sunset amidst broken clouds in the west after rain. Near the northern
and north-westward horizon black-purple stratus floats in a sky of
yellow amber.

There, at last, comes the shadow of totality, darkening the dis-
tance in that direction, overspreading the landscape and mounting
upwards like the shade of night pursuing the afterglow of sunset. It
reaches the city. The sun is gone out, but his dwindling light still
lingers on the distant mountains south-eastwards, till the shadow
sweeps onwards and over them.

»» (May,

Now look upwards, The earth-light dimly reddens the moon
encircled by the corona. Venus beams forth brilliantly from a blue-
black sky oi quasi night. The air is humid ; no other star is visible
to the unaided eye.

The 3| minutes of totality are almost ended. It grows lighter
in the north-west ; lighter at Burgos. Suddenly, at the moon's edge,
out bursts a dazzling bead of incandescent silver. Totality is over.
South-eastwards all was blue as the eastern sky at break of day, till
the shadow sped over the mountains out of sight. By the time that
the shadow of totality was passing off, a Casella's pocket thermometer
showed a fall in temperature of about 30° F., from about 80° F. to
50° F.

LIST OF SPECIES CAPTURED.

S'phex alhisectus, Lep., S • Tachysphex panzeri, v. d. Lind., S • Cerceris ferreri,
V. d. Lind., 9 . Pterochilus chevrieranus, Sauss, 9 . Colletes ligatus, Ev., ? . Sphe-
codes suhquadmhis, 8mith, $. Halictus scahiosip., Rossi, S ; interru,dus,'Pz., ^;
platycestus, Dours., ?; punctatissimus, Schk., ?; sp. ? ; virescens, Lep., <^ . An-
drena thoracica, F., ? , 3 ; hypopolia, Per., MS., 2 ? . Panurgus arctns, Er., 3 S
1 ?. MegacMle maritima,K., 2 ?. Anthiddum laterale, Ltr., <? . Bomhus ter-
restris, L., 2 § ; cullumanus, K., <? , 2 ^ ; Isesus, Mor., 4 $ . Apis melli^ca, L., $ .

Of the above, Bomhus cullumanus and Jcbsus are both interesting
captures ; the workers of cullumanus have got the 1st and 2nd
abdominal segments clothed with yellow hairs as in our British
examples. — E. S.

March, 1906.

A NEW SPECIES BELONGING TO THE GENUS ANTICSIRA,

ESCHSCHOLTZ.
BY THE REV. W. W. FOWLER, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

Antichiea nevinsoni, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovata, convexa, laete olivaceo-viridis, capite obscuriori ; prothorace
longitudine duplo latiori, apicem versus gradatim sat fortiter angustato, basi ad
scutellum utrinque fortiter sinuata ; seutello niagno ; elytris separatim flavo-
testaceo regulariter marginatis, lineis tribus longitudinalibus in disco cujusque
flaro-testaceis, exteriori brevi, intermedia marginem basalera attingente, rainutissime
distauter seriatim punctatis ; pygidio virescente, leviter punctato ; corpore subtus
viridi-seneo, metasterno processu sat longo instructo, ad apicem obtuse rotundato ;
prosterno et mesosterno sat dense, metasterno parcius piloso ; pedibus viridi-seneis,
femoribus plus rainusve pilosis, tibiis spinis par vis nigris seriatim instructis.

Oblong-ovate, strongly convex, of a bright olivaceous green colour, vrith the ^'

head darker ; prothorax unicolorous, twice as broad as long, with the sides gradually

1906. )

99

w;::L''i:t:et2': —"■ '"™* --■ -"'"•' ^^ --^ "-«'

tes,ace„„;.r" r, V ' °" '^'"'^ '"^^S'nei all round with yellow,

obtuse and Z e t '.Z " ™""- '°"^ "^^''^ "' ^^-'^ "'"<"' -

pno.,„ tHe ::;iiir -nrrzri" Tr:: "'"'""^^»--^

tibfe with row. of ..on, 3u,a., blac. spiuos l:::!^:"''""""''' '"' ^<^'"
Habitat: Turimaguas, Peru. ^°"'' ^° """■ ■ 'at. ad. hum., 16 mm.

apparently ,t oes not possess a stridulating apparatus, and there .re
Z:elT'rTZ ''' '''-' '' *^e abdomen, 'and it el:
tuted by Dr. Oha„s ; ™ost of the species of AntlcMra are placed by
Dr. Obaus under the last named genus on this character '

he typ. specimen, which is apparently unique, is in the fine col
lection of my friend Mr R f w • ^

y rnena Mr. B. G. Nevuison, after whom I have much
pleasure in naming it. "-"

Eariej Vicarage, Eeading :

Februarj/ 16th, 1906.

^^PZ^^Z'^^ .^03/X7.YZ, SP. ..: A BEETLE T.EW TO BRITAIN.
BY NORMAJf H. JOT, M.R.C.S., F.E.S.
Rufo-testaceous, with elytra,* antenna and le^s liditer • fin 1 u

d.sh„ctly narrower than head without eye., much contracted behind sLnl and
th'ckly punctured, sides finely crenulate dorsal fnrro A ^ ^

..dt':irh"::pir:s^rdra^rhr:rtr

t-^ebaseo^theemargination projecting hailtir l^lrjrririZ

I i

100 t^^y*

which is surmounted by two small membranous hairs ; sixth segment short, trans-
versely depressed at base and widely emarginate ; last segment with two more or
less obsolete fovefe ; intermediate tibiae with a small tooth on the inner side near
apex. In the female the ventral segments of the abdomen are simple.

I took sixteen examples of this species in February last from an
old starling's nest which I found in the hollow limb of an elm, and
I subsequently bred about fourteen others from the same nest.
Mr. Donisthorpe kindly examined one of them for me, and as he was
unable to identify it with any of the European forms, I sent two
specimens to Herr Reitter. He informs me that the species is new
to science, and suggests E. punctatus, Muls., as its nearest ally. In
the very peculiar male characters, however, the present insect more
nearly resembles E. karsteni, Eeich,, the ventral segments of the
abdomen being nearly of the same general form, but having the
foveae, emarginations, &c., much more strongly developed. It di:ffers
from E. harsteni also in being considerably larger and much m^re
strongly punctured, and from E. puncfatus by its relatively broader
head and stronger punctuation. The only other species to which
E. tomlini seems at all nearly related is E. frivol dszJcyi, Saulcy ; but
this latter, according to Ganglbauer, has two square foveae on each
side of the fifth abdominal segment (he makes no mention of any
emargination), the thorax almost smooth, &c.

E. tomlini seems to be a well-marked species, and is easily dis-
tinguished from the other British members of the genus by having
the head without the eyes distinctly broader than the thorax, and by
its strongly punctured thorax with crenulate sides ; the male characters
also are characteristic.

Bradfield: ^pWnoa, 1906.

NEW BRITISH ARC Til D.
BY DR. T. A. CHAPMAN, F.Z.S.

In the Ent. Mo. Mag. for last month (March), p. 70, is a report
of my exhibiting two larvae at the South London Entomological Society.
They were sent me by Mr. H. Murray of Carnforth, who said he
found them on a waste piece of ground there, and that he had
captured a similar one at the same place a few years ago. He adds

1906.] 101

later, " I am quite sure the larvae I sent you are not British planta-
ginis larvae, I have had thousands during the last twenty years and
could not mistake it."

Having some N. plantaginis larvae hibernating, I forced some of
these and have just bred a specimen, and easily saw that they were
totally different.

They are certainly no other British species. By reference to
Abbot and Smith's "Insects of Georgia," and to Holland's "Moth
Book " and other authorities, T remain in practically no doubt whatever
that these larvae are of the North American species Pyrrharctia
Isabella, apparently a common species in many parts of North
/America.

The photograph presented herewith is na-
tural size, by Mr. Hugh Main, who now has
the larvae, and will I hope rear them.

The larva (still I believe with some feeding to do) is much larger
than a full-grown larva of plantaginis, has a remarkably dense and
level-topped coat of hairs, and has these deep black at each end, with
five middle rings deep brick-red, not merely a short dorsal patch as in
plantaginis, but the whole ring.

As Mr. Murray met with this larva some years ago, it would
follow that the species is not merely there for one season, but has
more or less established itself, and is therefore at least as much
entitled to a place on our list as Anosia erippus, Plusia ni, &c., &c.

Betula, Reigate :

April, 1906.

NOTES ON EPIBLEMA (P^DISCA) 80HDIDANA, Hb., WITH DESCRIP-
TIONS OF THE LARVA AND PUPA.

BY EUSTACE E. BANKES, M.A., T.E.S.

Having had the good fortune to meet with some imagines of this
local species in the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, on October 25th, 1902,
and having failed to find any English description * of the larva or

* The only description known to me is a very brief one, in Dutch, by Snellen [De Vlmd.
V. Nederland, Microlep., p. 340 (1882)], who merely states that the larva is "blue-grey, with
i)lack spots, head, and plate." — E. R. B.

102 iMay,

pupa, I visited the spot on June 9th last, and from larvae, about
full-fed, chosen out of the large number then collected on alder
(^Alnus gliitinosa), made the following description on June lOth : —

LARVA.

Length, when iiioderatelj sti-etched, 10 Dim. Greatest breadth, -i'o mm. Head
highly polished, brownisli-black, rather narrower than prolhorax; ocelli indistinctly
paler. Frothorax with the anterior margin whitish in front of the j)la.te, wiiich is
large, highly polished, brownish-blaek, bisected by a narrow whitish line. The
thoracic and abdominal segments together form a mass which is stout in the middle,
and tapers off gradually towards the head, and abruptly near the anal extremity ;
their colour, which is greyish-white laterally, is pale bluish -grey dorsally, with the
pulsating vessel showing through the skin as a central ill-defined darker bluish-grey
line, tikin smooth, but not glossy. Tubercles large and conspicuous, dusky-brown,
polished. Spiracles small, circular, brownish-black, polished. Penultimate ab-
dominal segment dorsally with a small blackish-brown, polished, elliptical-oval,
central plate. Anal segment with a large, polished, brownish-black, dorsal plate,
emitting a few rather long pale brownish hairs, and with a small, polished, dusky-
brown, elliptical-oval plate on each side above the clasper. Hairs pale brown, but
few, and mostly short and inconspicuous. Veidral surface greyish-white, concolorous
with the sides, the segmental interstices, which mostly show darker, being pale
bluish-grey, concolorous with the dorsal area. Legs highly polished, externally
brownish-black, narrowly ringed with whitish at the joints, internally paler. Pro-
legs greyish-white, with the extremities brown, and with two dusky-brown bars
across each side externally.

None of the adult larvae showed any variation worthy of mention. Yarious
young individuals, of which the smallest was only 6 mm. in length when at rest,
were examined, and all exactly resembled the full-fed ones, except that they were
somewhat paler, the ground colour dorsally being greyish-white instead of pale
bluish-grey, and proportionally lighter elsewhere.

The larva only frequents and feeds on the youngest and most
tender leaves on the alder bushes. Having selected one such leaf
at the end of a shoot, it takes up its position on the upper surface
along the midrib, and by spinning white silk threads across from side
to side, it gradually, owing to the contraction of the silk, draws the
two sides of the leaf together over itself like a tent, and as soon as
the margins are sufficiently close, it unites them firmly together
throughout their length with strands of white silk, the leaf, when the
process is complete, somewhat resembling a very short and broad
pea-pod. The larva lives inside the domicile thus formed, and feeds
on the anterior portion of the inhabited leaf, gradually eating it away
from the apex downwards. When an appreciable part, often amount-
ing to about one-half, of the leaf has been devoured, so that the

1906.] 108

habitation no longer affords sufficient protection, its owner deserts it,
and wanders off in search of another suitable leaf, which, in its turn,
is treated in a similar manner. Well-grown larvae are frequently
found inhabiting extremely small leaves, and from the number of
empty domiciles that are met with, often near a tenanted one, it is
clear that a larva generally makes use of several leaves before it
becomes full-fed. Occasionally, though rarely, instead of behaving
in the manner described above, the larva spins the young selected leaf
face downwards over the basal portion of the upper surface of a
neighbouring larger leaf, securely joining them together with silk all
along the margins of the sQialler one, and lives between them, devour-
ing the apical portion of the younger leaf from the tip downwards.
This exceptional habit, which is, of course, only possible in the special
instances where a suitable second leaf happens to grow in the right
position, is prompted, so far as I could judge, by the fact that the
leaf first selected is rathe i' too small to be satisfactorily treated in
the usual way. All the larvae collected, numbering 220, and of all sizes
from full-fed down to less than half-grown, were, with the above-men-
tioned rare exceptions, living and feeding in the manner first described.
Even when its domicile is partially opened, the larva shows no dis-
position to vacate it, but generally ejects from its mouth a com-
paratively large drop of a most nauseous-looking dark brown fluid,
which would doubtless repel many of its natural foes. It appears
to be remarkably lethargic in nature, though in confinement, among
distasteful surroundings, it proved itself decidedly active and
energetic.

Snellen states [De Ylind. v. Nederland, Microlep., p. 34^0 (1882) ]
that the larva pupates in the ground, but no earth was supplied to
my captive larvae, and they spun their cocoons in the tight folds of
the muslin bag in which they were kept, or among the tightly packed
mass of decaying leaves that accumulated in the bottom of it. The
surrounding material, whether muslin or leaf, was firmly fastened to
the cocoons, and wrapped closely and completely round them even on
their inner sides, which, in the case of cocoons spun in folds of
muslin, &c., are almost invariably left to some extent free. This
peculiar habit is all the more remarkable because of the extremely
dense, tough, and doubtless waterproof nature of the cocoon itself,
which is made of white or yellowish-wbite silk, and is elliptical in
shape, being generally about 11 — 12 mm. long, by 4 — 45 mm. in
greatest breadth.

The larvae clearly remain unchanged in tbeir cocoons for some

104 [May,

weeks, for altbough jtll mine had spun up by June 27th, some of them
havino- don.e so directly after capture, none of the few cocoons then
opened contained pupae. On August 2nd, however, several cocoons
were cut open in order to ascertain their contents, and all contained
pupae, though some of these had assumed this state only shortly
before, as was evident from their comparatively pale colour.

PUPA.

The following description was made on August 5th from four
pupae selected for the purpose, and including two representatives of
each sex ; their colour showed that they had been in this state souie
little while: —

Length of (? , 7*5 mm. ; of ? , 8*75 mm. Greatest breadtli of cj , 2 mm. ; of ? ,
2'5 mm. Rather stout, in proportion to its lengtli, in both sexes, and tapering
gradually from the end of the third to the end of the sixth abdominal segment, and
then abruptly to the anal extremity. Segmental divisions very clearly defined.
ISkirL smooth, with no noticeable hairs. Head and thoracic segments smooth, slightly
polished, reddish-tawny, the former armed with a cocoon -opener, which consists of
two short stout projecting spikes, placed side by side. Eye-cases prominent, the
eyes showing through as large round black spots. Ayitenna- and leg-cases with
well-defined margins, smooth, somewhat polished, concolorous with wing-cases ; in
the S J the antennal and hind-tarsai cases are of equal length with the wing-cases
but in the ? ? they are shorter than these, and only reach to the middle of the fourth
abdominal segment. Wing-cases reaching in the S 6 to the end, and in the ^ $ to the
middle, of the fifth abdominal segment, smooth, somewhat polished, tawny-orange.
Abdominal segments dull and unpolished, reddish-tawny above, tawny-orange
beneath. Most of these segments have, dorsally, two rows of blackish, or black-
tipped, raised spikelets, pointing somewhat backwards, one near the anterior margin,
the other just behind the middle. Both, however, are wanting in the first abdominal,
while the posterior row is absent from the last two segments of the <? , and from the
last three of the ? . The intervening segments mostly show a brown band along
their posterior margin. Anal extremity armed dorsally with several strong blackish
spikelets, pointing obliquely backwards, and ventrally with two rather larger and
stouter ones, somewhat widely separated, pointing downwards ; it also bears a few
oi'ange-brown bristles.

ISome of the larvae, owing chiefly, no doubt, to the excess of
moisture in the decaying mass of leaves in which they tried to spin
up, failed to pupate satisfactorily, but almost every one that did so
produced a perfect imago, a fine series of 105 specimens, of which 51
were ^ S, and 54 were $ ?, being reared. The moths emerged
August 12th to October 19th last, and displayed remarkable regu-
larity in leaving the cocoon between 7.45 a.m. and noon, the only
exceptions being three that came out in the afternoon during a

1906.J 111

veins, the halteres pale, the second of the thick veins forked and bare,
the sciitellum with only two bristles, and the palpi long and broad,
with a single long terminal bristle. Ruficornis in the second division,
has the costa reaching to the middle of the. wing, the halteres pale,
and the scutellum with four bristles. Full descriptions of these and
of umhrimarqo will be found in Becker's " Phoridae."

Phora papillata, sp. n.

Head entirely black ; frons not furrowed, very broad and short, apparently
more than three times as broad as long; antennae large and pressed in on the frons,
hiding its lower part; palpi rather large, dilated, bristly, black ; thoi*ax with the
dorsum black, and with black hairs but no bristle!*, except at the sides, and a pair of
praescutellar ones ; the humeri have a small pale patch ; pleurae quite bare, except
a few prothoracic bristles ; scutellum with four bristles; abdomen brownish-black,
shining, almost bare, a single row of very small bristles on the hind-margins of
segments, and a hw at the sides ; a largish patch on the fore-margins of the
segment strongly papillose, and showing bright orange in certain lights ; sides of
the belly with strong longitudinal furrows ; wings with the costal ciliation very
short, the first thick vein much bent, the costal cell very broad at the centre and
darker than the rest of the wing ; the second thick vein forked and bare ; the first
thin vein much bent, bayonet-shaped at its base, then straight and ending at the
tip of the wing ; the first, second, and third thin veins with a clear line on each
side of them and a brown shadow-line beyond. Halteres dark brown ; fore-legs,
coxse and femora black, except at their tips ; tibiae and tarsi and the tip of the
femora and coxae orange ; mid legs brown, except the base and tip of the femom
and coxae, and all the tarsi which are orange ; hind legs, coxae, and femora dark,
tibiae and tarsi orange ; fore tibiae with a single tiny bristle at the first third of its
outer side ; mid tibiae with two small outer bristles, hind tibiae bare. Size, 3 mm.

P. nigricornis, Egg., Bishop Auckland, 1 $ , 8.3.02 ; nudipalpis, Beck., Brance-
peth, 1 ? , 15.0.02 ; Bishop Auckland, 1 S , 14.5.02 ; ruficornis, Mg., Bishop
Auckland, 1 ? , 25.5.1900 ; umhrimargo, Beck., Bedburn, 1 <? , 12.6.05.

St. Peter's Vicarage,

Bishop Auckland :
March 2Zrd, 1906.

A NEW ETHIOPIAN SPECIES OF SELOPELTIS.
BY PBOF. O. M. REUTER.

In the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, xxviii, 1892, p. 159, I
described the first African species of this peculiar genus, R. bergrothi,
from the Gaboon, the previously known forms being from the Indian

10^

112 [May,

and Malayan regions. Another African species, H. loaferhoicsii, also
from the Gaboon, was added by Kirkaldy (Trans. Ent. 8oc. Lond.,
1902, p. 265) ; a third, from Assinia, H. aUuaudi, was subsequently
described by me (Ofv. Einska Vet. Soc. Forh., xlvii. No. 1895, p. 1) ;
and a fourth, from the Congo, has now been sent me for determina-
tion by the well-known Belgian Hemipterologist, Mr. H. Schouteden,
after whom I have named this interesting addition to the Ethiopian
Capsid Fauna.

Helopeltis schoutedeni, sp. n.

PaUide flavens, jpedihus concolorihua, vertice, medio frontis, oculis anten-
nisque nigris, his ima ban aHiculi primi pallida ; hemielytris cum memhrana
nigricantihus, dimidio hasali clavi, corio a hasi ultra medium, externe longlus
quam interne, limbo tofo later ali cuneoque pallide jiaventibus, hoc sccpe non-
nihil fuscescevte ; articulo ultimo tarsorum vel tarsls totis fuscis ; cornu
scutellari pronoto longitudine subcequali , Jeviter retromum nutante, subrecto
vel levissime retrorsum curvato, apice capitulato.

$ ? , long., 7|— 8J, lat., \\ — If mm.

Hab. : Belgian Congo ; Bikoro

H. iergrothi, Keut., minor et gracilior, antennis breviovibus, gracilioribus aliter-
que constructis, colore multo pallidiore et dilutiore, cljpeo lateribusque frontis
pallidioribus optima distinctus. Caput basi pronoti eirciter -| angustius, a latere
visum altitudine distincte brevius. Rostrum coxas intermedias pauUo superans,
apice nigro. Antennae, articulo primo excepto, pilosulae, articulo primo margine
basali pronoti eirciter duplo longiore, apice incrassato, secundo primo eirciter
dimidio longiore, tertio secundo fere f, quarto tertio paullo magis quam duplo
brevioi'e (longitudo articuli priini fere 3,secundi fere 5, tertii fere 3, quarti If mm.).
Pronotum unicolor, versus apicem leviter convexo-declive, strictura apicali oculo a
supero viso fere seque crassa. Scutellum cornu apice subtruncato. fleraielytra
abdomen ^ vel f apicalibus superantia. Femora levissima curvata, apice incras-
sata. Tibiae omnes rectse.

Helsingfora : March, 1906.

NOTE ON THE G-ENUS NEOLOBOPHOEA, Scudder.
BY MALCOM BURR, B.A., F.L.S., F.E.S.

In the Paris collection of earwigs there is a small series of a
new and distinct species of Neolohophora, which I inadvertently

190 60 105

period of about four days iu which the cages were kept in a well
heated room. The males, which appear to average a trifle the smaller,
emerged, as a whole, rather before the females, 17 out of the first 27
that appeared being of the former, whereas 21 out of the last 27
were of the latter sex. The moths exhibit a limited amount of varia-
tion, the ground-colour in the males, which are, on the whole, appre-
ciably lighter than the females, ranging from bright cinnamon-brown
to sepia, while in the latter it ranges from dark cinnamon-brown to
dark sepia. The few more important markings do not appear to vary-
in pattern, but in some individuals both these, and the dark strigu-
lations, are much more strongly pronounced than in others. No
ichneumons emerged from the cocoons, nor did any of the larvaB show
signs of having been " stung " by parasites.

The imago seems extremely sluggish in general, but often, when
much alarmed, jumps backwards off the side of the cage and lies
on its back on the floor, feigning death most determinedly ; on
a fresh attempt being made to box it, however, it sometimes glides
away on its back, to the serious detriment of its beauty, owing to the
unusually loose attachment of the wing-scales. As to its natural
flight-time, my only observation is that on October 25th, 1902, the
weather being fine, mild, and calm, though with an overcast sky, the
males, in lamentable condition, were flying freely, and rather com-
monly, along a line of alder bushes during the latter part of the
afternoon.

Norden, Corfe Castle :

January 'iCdh, 1906.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE.

On May 5th, 1905, the same alder bushes yielded many larvae of
£. sordidana, mostly about 4 mm. in length when at rest, very slender,
and much less advanced than the youngest described above, with
which, however, they agreed in colour. In this stage their habits are
somewhat different, and their work far less noticeable than later on.
The smallest w-ere living concealed in separate pocket-like chambers
formed, as a rule, between the midrib and the margin, in either the
upper- or the under-side of a young leaf, by fastening together
with white silk the edges of the selected area, though sometimes
formed between two adjacent leaves, or between a leaf and a wing of
the bud-sheath, which were spun together. One of them, however,

106 tM*y'

adopting, with exceptional precocity, the more advanced method, had
completely transformed a minute unexpanded leaf into a " pea-pod."
Other individuals had selected, on the upper-side of the leaf, two
corresponding strips across the middle, one on either side of the
midrib, and, after spinning their edges closely together, were living
between them, the apical and basal ends of the leaf being left free.
All were feeding on the substance of the leaf inside or just outside
their chambers, either gnawing away its surface, or eating small holes
right through it, and ejecting the pellets of black frass from the ends
of their chambers. It should be added that in young larvae the skin
shows a decided gloss which is absent in the case of more mature
individuals.— E. E. B. : January 2Srd, 1906.

NOTES ON THE HYMENOPTEROUS GENVS-^RACON, Fab.
BY CLAUDE MORLEY, F.E.S., &c.

Excepting a few local lists ot localities, we have heard little of
this very distinct genus since the publication by the Entomological
Society of the Urst part of Kev. T. A. Marshall's " Monograph of
British Braconidce " in 1885 ; and his revision and extension of the
genus in Andre's " Specif s des Kymenopteres d'Europe " in 1887
appears to have attracted still less attention. It may, therefore, be
of interest to present some notes upon its species, with the hope that
this sadly neglected, though economically most important, branch of
British Entomology may yet receive its fair share of attention. 'J"o
this end it may be of use to present a concise table (drawn from the
latest source) of our indigenous species : —
(52) 1 Abdomen at least basally rugose dorsally.
(19) 2 Fourth segment not smootlier than the preceding.
(10) 3 Suture of the 2nd- 3rd segments centrally sinuate.

(7) 4 Stigma of the wing flavous.

(6) 5 Abdomen punctate and not striolate 1. pectoralis,We»m.

(5) 6 Abdomen striolate and not punctate 3. en^throstictus, Msirsh..

(4) 7 Stigma of the wing lufuscate.

(y) 8 Abdomen entirely testaceous 2. Ixtus, Wesm.

(8) 9 Abdomen centrally black 4. minutator, Fab.

(3) 10 Suture of the 2nd — 3rd segments straight.

(18) 11 Second abcissa of radius not shorter than 1st transverse cubital nervure.

(15) 12 Metanotum centrally carinate throughout.

(14) 13 Head, thorax, and coxae partly testaceous 5. fulvipes^ Nees.

(13) 14 Head, thorax, and coxae black 6. lonfficollis, Wesm,

1906.] 107

(12) 15 Metaiioluni not ceiil rally carinate iliroughouL.

(17) 16 Head and thorax partly flavous 7. variegalor, Nees.

(16) 17 Uead and thorax black 8. w«>m^«*, Nees.

(11) 18 Second abcissa of radius shorter than 1st cubital ...9. siabilis, Wesm.

(2) 19 Fourth segment evidently smoother than the preceding.

(25) 20 Three basal segments rugose.

(22) 21 Metanotum centrally carinate throughout 21. satanas, S ■

(21) 21 Metanotum not carinate throughout.

(24) 23 Abdomen centrally entirely black 12. exarafor, Marsh.

(23) 21 Second and 3rd segments laterally broadly testaceous...

11. erraticus, Wesm.
(20) 25 Two basal segments above rugose.

(29) 26 Wings nigrescent or infumate.

(28) 27 Second segment with lateral longitudinal impressions...

13. triangularis, Nees.
(27) 28 Second segraent with no lateral impressions 14. roberti, Wesm.

(26) 29 Wings hyaline or hardly clouded.

(31) 30 Mesonotum mainly testaceous 15. Ixvigatus, U&iz,

(30) 31 Mesonotum entirely black.

(33) 32 Tarsi broadly explanate, spatuliforra 36. bari/pus, UavBh,

(32) 33 Tarsi normal.

(39) 34 Abdominal segments centrally testaceous.

(36) 35 Coxaj red 16. mediator, ^oes,

(35) 36 Coxse mainly black.

(38) 37 Femora and tibiae entirely testaceous 18. fuscicoxis, Wesm.

(37) 38 Femora and tibise infuscate 17. vectemis, Marsh.

(34) 39 Abdominal segments centrally black.

(41) 40 Abdomen with more than thi*ee basal segments laterally testaceous...

19. tornator, Marsh.

(40) 41 Abdomen black, at most with three basal segments laterally pale.

(43) 42 Second segment with only a lateral gutta 20. guttiger, Wesm.

(42) 43 Second segment with no lateral gutta.

(45) 44 Metanotum carinate throughout 21. satanas,^e&m,

(44) 45 Metanotum not carinate throughout.

(49) 46 Femora testaceous.

(48) 47 Terebra shorter than half abdomen ( c? unknown)...

22. fraudator, Marsh.

(47) 48 Terebra two-thirds of the length of abdomen ...23. epitriptus, Marsh.

(46) 49 Femora black.

(51) 50 Second segment basally rugose 24. larvicida, Wesm.

(50) 51 Second segment entirely rugose 25. prxtermissus, Marsh.

(1) 52 Abdomen entirely smooth dorsally.

(54) 53 Second abcissa of radius shorter than Ist transverse cubital nervure ...

10. brevicorniSi Wesm.
(53) 54 Second abcissa of radius longer than 1st transverse cubital.
(56) 55 Vertex subcubical 29. caudaius, R&tz.

(55) 56 Vertex normal.

108 [May,

(62) 57 Palpi pale.

(59) 58 Abdomen nearly entirely black 26. colpophorus, Wesm.

(58) 59 Abdomen broadly red.

(61) 60 Terebra as long a8 abdomen ; J' , all segments infuseate...

27. dlscolclalis, Wesm.

(60) 61 Terebra one-filth of abdomen ; J' segments 3 — 5 red...

28. regularis, Wesm.
(57) 62 Palpi black or nigrescent.

(64) 63 Legs mainly testaceous 30. /ereSeZ/a, Wesm.

(63) 64- Legs black, only base oi" tibiae pale.

(66) 65 Abdomen mainly pale 31. uar/'z^or, Nees.

(65) 66 Abdomen with at most two basal segments laterally pale.

(70) 67 Terebra shorter than abdomen.

(69) 6S Length, 2 — 3 mm.; antennae 25 — 28 jointed ,32. o/iCM^a^or, Nees.

(68) 69 Length, 1 — 2 mm.; antennae 20 — 23 jointed 33. ohscurator, l^lees.

(67) 70 Terebra longer than abdomen.

(72) 71 Antennae 18— 23-joinled ; terebra as long as abdomen and thorax...

34. anUir acinus, Nees.

(71) 72 Antennae 15 — 19-jointed ; terebra longer than body. ..35. a^ra^or, Nees.
B. degeneratur, Marsh., Brit. Mon., is later synonymized with B . osculalor ;

and. the same author's B. otiosus is considered by him (Bracon. d'Europ., i, 150)
to be synonymous with B. bipartitus, Wesm., whicli is only known from Kngland
and Belgium, and differs from B. terebelia in having the abdomen, with the
exception of the basal segment, entirely testaceous.

I have at various times, while collecting Iclmeumonidce both in
the field and from correspondents, obtained numerous specimens of
this genus ; these 1 have recently had an opportunity of examining,
and fihd they consist of a hundred and thirty-seven specimens, re-
presenting twenty-four species, of which Bracon abcissor, Nees, is
new to the British fauna.

B. pectoralis. — Herts (Albert Piffard) ; bred from a thistle-head at Locarno ; and

bred at Hy^res, pi-obably from a species of Bruchus (Dr. T. A. Chapman).
B. lastus.— One female, with thorax entirely black, Dorking, in mid-August (E. A.

Butler).
B. minutator. — 8vifio\k (W. H. Tuck) ; Surrey (Dr. Capron and Wilson Saunders) ;

2 ? 9 and 3 S S bred from [? Urophora cardui, in] heads of Carduus ar-

vensis, August, 1905 (J. E. Collin).
B.fulvipes.-Sn&olk (E. C. Bedwell and C. M.) ; Blackheath (A. Beaumont) ;

Surrey (Capron) ; Hants (C. M.).
B. variegator. — Rerts, common (Piffard) ; Surrey (Butler) ; Suffolk, common

(Tuck, who bi'ed a female in April, 1902, from a spider's nest near Bury St.

Edmunds — it had previously only been bred from Lepidoptej'a, and no member

of the genus was known to prey upon the Arachnida).

\

1906.1 ]09

B. .t^aS/7«>.— Suffolk, common (Tuck and C. M.) ; Herts, common (Piffard) ;

Surrey (Saunders) ; ^ $ S and 2 ? $ bred from Hastula ht/erana at Taormina,

in Sicily, May, 1905 (Chapman).
B. erraticus. — Herts (Piffard) ; Irvine, in Ayrshire, in mid-July (A. Adie Dalglish).
B. triangularis. — One female at South Leverton, in Lincoln, May, 1896 (Rev. A.

Thorn ley).
B. mediator. — Surrey (Saunders) ; Herts (Piffard) ; Hunts (Thornley) ; Scotland

(Dalglish) ; 3 9 ? and 1 S bred from a single cocoon of Sesia hemhecijormis

at Skipwith, in Yorks, in June, 1899, one or two more failed to emerge (Rev,

C. D. Ash) ; I have a $ from Beaumont's collection, bred from the same host

by R. Adkin.
B.ftiscicoxis. — A pair in the marshes at Brandon, Suffolk, June, 1903 (B. Tomlin).
B. guttiger. — I swept a single female from long grass at Nacton, Suffolk, late in

May, 1900. W. Evans took it at Arniston, near Edinburgh, in May, 1898.
B. satanas. — Surrey, several (Capron) ; one swept at Monk Park Wood, Suffolk,

May, 1901 (C. M.).
B. fraudator. — Herts (Piffard) ; Epsom in June, and Monks' Soham in Suffolk,

in July (CM.).
B. epitriptus. — Swept in Wicken Fen in June, and in my paddock at Monks'

Soham in July (C. M.).
B. prastermissus. — Herts (Piffard) ; Oulton Broad, in Suffolk, in August, on reeds

(C. M.).
B. discoideus. — Herts (Piffard) ; Brandon and Claydon, in Suffolk, on flowers of

Angelica sylvestris (C. M.).
B. regularis. — Suri'ey, in July (Saunders) ; Herts (Piffard) ; Foxhall and Bram-

ford, in May and August, on flowers of -Spir^a ulmaria (C. M.).
B. terehella. — Bristol, in May (H. J. Charbonnier) ; Surrey (Saunders) ; Herts

(Piffard).
B. variator. — New Forest (Miss Chawner) ; Bristol (Charbonnier) ; Herts (Piffard) ;

Bury St. Edmunds (Tuck) ; Surrey (Saunders) ; Eastbourne abundant on

flowers of Senecio jacohxa in August, Claydon and Henstead in Suffolk, on

those of Angelica (C. M.) ; one $ bred from the seeding heads of Cistiis, in

which w larvae of MesopMeps corsicellus (Chapman).
B. osculator.— ^rting, in Sussex (Beaumont) ; Herts (Piffard) ; Burwell Fen on

flowers of l ^gus oxyacantha, Lavenham in Suffolk on those of Chsero-

phyllum, Bent. .-y Woods on sallow and birch ; in May and early June (C. M.) ;

2 <? (? and 2 ? ? bred from Coleophora solitariella, in June, 1901 (A. Sich),
B. obscurator.— One female swept from wood-herbage at Wherstead, in Suffolk,

May 10th, 1900.
B. anthracinus.— Revts (Piffard) ; Bentley Woods, swept herbage, in May (C. M.).
B. atrator. — One female taken at Felden, in Herts (Piffard).
B. abcissor. — I swept a single female of this new British species at Horning Fen,

in Norfolk, on June 15th, 1901. It may easily be distinguished from B. colpo-

phorus, to which it is most closely related, by its broadly infuscate palpi,

110 May,

apically tricarinate inetano'um and large size. Head transverse, as broad as
thorax, black, willi mouth red ; metanotum subdeplanate ; wings infuscate,
apically subhyaline ; legs red, with the coxae and trochanters mainly, hind
tibiae apically, black. Abdomen red, ovate, and apically rounded ; anus, basal
segment and disc of the intermediate, black ; second segment with a triangular
black mark ; terebra (in my specimen) as long as abdomen. Length, 0 mm,
<? unknown.

Monks' Soham House, Suffolk :
March, 1906.

A NKW SPECIES OF PHOEA, AND FOUR OTHERS NEW TO THE

BRITISH LIST.

BY THE REV. W. J. WINGATE.

A few months a»^o while exaininiiiL'^ some eighteen specimens of
Phora which I had put aside for identification, I was surprised to
find one very marked species which I felt certain was new, and three
others which I identified from Becker's monograph as nigricornis.
Egg, nudipfilpis. Beck., and ruficornis, Mg., none of which are in
Verrall's List of the British species. There were also five others
about which I was uncertain. As this was so unlikely a catch out of
so few specimens, I distrusted my own identifications, and I therefore
sent them to Mr. Becker, of Liegnitz, who had most kindly con-
sented to examine them for me. He fully confirmed my identifica-
tions as regards the new species and the three above named. Of the
five others, one was pulicaria, Fin., one a variety of the same, one
rufipes. Mg., one minor, Ztt., and the fifth Mr. Becker at first con-
sidered to be another new species ; but on my calling his attention to
its perfect agreement with his umhrimargo, he agreed with me that it
was that species.

P. niqricornis and nudipalpis belong to Becker's first division of
the genus Phora, in w^hich the tibiae bear bristles, the frons is without
a central furrow, and all the frontal bristles are directed backwards ;
ruficornis belongs to the second, while umhrimargo is a transition
species, with the channelled frons and bare tibiae of the second divi-
sion, but the post-antennal frontal bristles are erect and not bent
forward. Nigricornis is distinguished from any other species on the
British List, with the second thick vein forked and with only three
thin veins present, by its extraordinarily large third antennal joints
which are nearly as large as the eyes. Nudipalpis has four thin

1906.] 113

omitted to describe in earlier papers. I aecordinojly publish the
description now, so that the name may be quoted in the final list ot
the Dermaptera of the Paris Museum.

In overhauling this and the allied genera, I have come to the
conclusion that the Asiatic species may be conveniently and naturally
separated from the typical form, so that the genus Neoloboipliora may
be restricted to the forms which occur only in tropical x\merica.

It is impossible to draw up a satisfactory table of the species
until the males of N. Ucolor, Borelli, and of N. hogotensis, Scudder,
are known. In the meantime, T offer the following arrangement as
provisional : —

1. Elytra brevia, subtriangularia l. Z>^■co7or, Borelli.

1.1. Elytra subquadrata.

2. Elytra et pronotum punctulata 2. ruficeps {Bxxrm.).

2.2. Elytra et pronotum Isevia.

3. Statura mediocri 9 (13.5 min.) (? occiput fuscum)...

3. hogotensis, Scudder.

3.3. Statura minore, ? (10 mm.) ; (occiput Isete flavum) ...

4. borellii, sp. n.

I formerly confused this new species with N. hogotensis, as the
females appear to differ but little, but I now consider it distinct upon
the grounds that it is a native of Mexico, whence there are several
specimens in the collection, whereas iV. logotensis occurs in Costa
Eica, Panama and Colombia ; and that it is also noticeably smaller.

N. bicolor appears to be quite distinct, but still it is desirable
that the male be discovered, so as to put its true position beyond
doubt.

Of the two species of which the males are known, there can be
no confusion, as can be seen by the following comparison ; it remains
to be seen to which species the male of N. hogotensis will approach
when it is discovered.

It should be remembered that these insects are incapable of
flight, and it is therefore probable that different species are peculiar
to separate mountain systems, as is the case in our European genus
Ghelidura, of which there is one species found only in the Alps,
another in the Apennines, one in the Eastern Pyrenees, and one in

114 [May,

the west ; another in the mountain of central Spain, and another in
the Sierra Nevada. It is, therefore, significant that JV. hicolor
should be found in Ecuador, so far from Mexico, which has hitherto
been regarded as the head-quarters of the genus.

Comparison between the males of N. ruficeps and N. horellii. : —

iV, rufieeps. N. horellii.

Elytra punctulate smooth.

„ longer than broad shorter than broad.

Pygidium with the 2 points ...sharp , blunt.

Forceps longer than body shorter than body.

„ nearly straight upcurved at tooth.

Tooth of forceps subobsolete sharp.

„ near middle near apex.

Neolobophoea borellit, sp. n.
Statura minore ; colore fusco-castaneo ; antennae typicae, brunneae : occiput
laete flavum ; frons nigra ; pronotum laeve, castaneum, quadratum ; elytra breviora
quam longiora, trapezoidea, Isevia, castanea, ad humeros fortiter plicata, sed baud
carinata; alae nullae ; pedes brunnei ; abdomen laeve, nigrum, vel fusco-castaneum ;
segmentum ultimum dorsale $ transversum, laeve, medio impressum, supra crura
forcipis incrassatum ; pygidium $ breve, obtusum apice emarginatum, lobis 2
brevibus obtusis ; pygidium $ obtusum, integrum ; forcipis brachia $ basi re-
mota, subrecta, sat fortia, margine interno crenulata, in tertiam partem apicalem
margine interno-inferiori dente sat fortia armata, dehinc sursum incurva, apioe
acuta, incurva : ? subcontigua, recta, inermia. $ ? .

Long corporis, $ , 8-9 mm. ; ? , 9-10 m.m.
„ forcipis, (? 3-4"5 mm. ; $ > 2 mm.

Patria: Mexico, State of Jalisco, near Guadalajara. 3 $^^
4 ? $ (in Mus. Paris et coll. mea.).

Characterised by the smooth body, smooth and short elytra,
small size, short and toothed forceps.

I have pleasure in dedicating it to my friend Dr. Alfrede
Borelli, who has done such valuable work upon the earwigs of
America.

Royal Societies' Club,

St. James's Street, S.W. :
March Wth, 1906.

1906. 115

The late C. W. Dale's Collections. — In view of the practice, pursued for a long
period, by the late Mr. C. W. Dale, of substituting modern specimens in good con-
dition for old and damaged, it should be remembered that he kept a careful register
of dates and localities corresponding with the labels of the specimens in his cabinets,
by reference to which the old can often be distinguished from the new, and the
specimens authentically named by old authors (correspondents of his father) may
sometimes be identified. Regard should also be had to the make of the pins of
specimens. He relied upon comparison with specimens and illustrations in forming
his own conclusions about species, using hand-lenses that were hardly of sufficient
power to guide him in all cases to correct decisions ; and he professed himself to
be by no means facile at identifying insects by means of only written description. —
A. E. Eaton, Pentlands, Mill Road, West Worthing : March, 1906.

Trigonogenius globulum at Tottenham. — I have had in my possession for some
time a specimen of Trigonogenius globulum which I had not been able to name
until the other day, when I saw an example in a collection of Coleoptera in the
St. Albans' Museum. It was taken by a friend (who is not an Entomologist) in an
old house at Tottenham in July, 1903.— C. T. G-ieninghabi, Harpenden, Herts :
March Ibth, 1906.

Microglossa marginalis and other birds' nest beetles in Kent. — Coleopterists
ought to be extremely grateful to Dr. Joy for his discovery of the habitat of
Fhilonthus fuscus, Gr., Choleva colonoides, Kr., and Microglossa marginalis, Gyll.
I had been intending to search for these insects for a long time in this district, but
did not know how to begin or where to find the nests. The other day I got
information that starlings built in the orchard adjoining my garden. A suitable
hole in an apple tree which contained a nest was soon found by Mr. Donisthorpe
and myself, and a careful sifting of the debris at once produced all three species.
I expect that wherever there are apple trees with holes in them in which starlings
build the insects will be found ; but it is no easy job to find suitable spots, and
a ladder to reach the holes, and a small boy to get out the old nests and debris
(through a hole generally too small to admit a man's hand) would seem useful if
not absolutely necessary adjuncts to this form of collecting. Coleopterists must be
prepared for disappointments ; but he is more likely to be disappointed in not finding
suitable holes with nests in them than in not finding the beetles if a nest and
debris are secured and properly sifted at home. — Aethur J. Chitty, Huntingfield,
Faversham, Kent : April lOth, 1906.

The host of Nomada soiidaginis. — With reference to Mr. Frisby's useful note
on the above I think it ought not to be assumed that Nomada soiidaginis has only
one host. In this district I do not see how Andrena fuscipes can be the host,
though I cannot state what the host is. The Nomada was not uncommon in 1902,
when it occurred with N. Jacobseas and N. fucata. I had taken a specimen or so in
previous years, but during all the years in which I have known the district I have
never seen or heard of Andrena fuscipes, nor is there any Erica or Calluna near the

K 2

116 ' [May.

spot where my captures were made. I fancied thai all three Nomadas were para-
sitic on A. falvicrust, which was very coniinon in 1901 and 1902, Strange to say, A.
fulvicrus and all the Nomndax seem now to have aliriost disappeared. I am hoping
they are holding over, and if so I will try and find out whether there is not another
host of N. solidaginis. —Id.

Notes on some of the scarcer Tenthredinidx . — It is but seldom that any records
appear of the sawflies, so I send a notice of a few of the more conspicuous
species which have passed through my luinds during the past year or two. The
opportunity of examining the Midland species was given me by Mr. A. U.
Martineau, of Solihull, while the species from the neighbourhood of Maidstone were
sent to me by Mr. H, Elgar, Curator of the Maidstone Museum. It will be
observed that they have been taken in various years, but are, I think, none the less
worthy of record on that account. I am indebted to the Rev. F. D. Morice for
determining or confirming many of the species, and also giving me Konow's nomen-
clature, which I therefore use, adding Cameron's names as given in his Monograph.
" British Phytophagous Hymenoptera," vols, i and iii.

JSeuroctiaa Jiaviventris, Ketz., S and ?, Solihull; Pamphilius inanitus, Vill.,
Strood and Maidstone, June lUth, 19U3 ; P. si/lvaticus, L., Maidstone, May 29th,
1903 ; /'. fulvipennis, Zadd. {sylvarum), Bentley Wood, near Ipswich, two speci-
mens, June 3rd, 1898, C. Morley ; Schizoceros furcatus, Vill., Wyre Forest, May
26th, 1890 (Ent. Mo. Mag., p. lt;5, 19j5) ; S. geminatus, Gmel, St. Albans, May,
1903, Mr. Gibbs ; i'arrietsham, near Maidstone, May, 1904 ; Lophyrus pl.ni,Ij.,
Maidstone, 1898; Dolerus madidus, Klug {lateritlus), Solihull, May 21st, 1901;
Tenthredopsis tristis, Cam., Coleshill, June 17th, 1901 ; Macrophya rujipes, L.,
(J and ?, near Maidstone, not scarce. May and June, 1901; M. rufipes, dark var.
{hxynalopus, Ca,n\.), near Maidstone, June 15th, 1904; M. hlanda, F., S and ?,
West Malvern, May 28th, 19iil ; Allantus maculatus, F., Wyre Forest, May 25th,
1890; A. vespa, Retz. (tricinctus), $ and ?, Maidstone, May, I90:i ; A. omissus,
Forst. {margineUus), $ , Sallerton, July lOth, 1901 ; A. zona, Klug (quadrlcinctus),
Wyre Forest, May 25th, 1896; A. amoenus, (jvslv. {cingulum), S and ?, Hailing,
near Maidstone, June, 1901 and 1905 ; Tenthredo colon, Xlug, Matlock, July 4th,
1900; Cannock Chase, June 8th, 1904; these two specimens were sent me by Mr.
Claude Morley, having been received by him from two correspondents. — K. N.
Bloomfield, Gruestling : March, 1906.

Notes on Diptera in the Neto Forest, 1905. — Judging from my own experience
the season last year was a poor one for Diptera ; but two causes may have contri-
buted to this in my case, viz., not happening to be there at the best periods, and
advancing years preventing me from doing much work. I was at Lyndhurst during
part of April, part of May, the whole of July and September, and found a gi-eat
dearth of even the commonest flies during those periods ; but a friend of mine told
me he did fairly well during the latter part of June, and took some good ones,
including a CaUicera senea, F., which I have not seen since 1902. My visits were
timed for certain species, and several mornings during July were devoted to Matley
Bog in search of Eristalis cryptarum, F., but I hardly saw a fly of any sort, and

1906.] 117

had I wanted a dozen speeitnens of E. teiax, L., would have found it difficult to
collect them. Besides Lophosia fasciata, Mg., previously reported, my best captures
were: — Docosia vafida, Winn., Anaclinia nemoralis, Mg., Leptomorphu^ walkeri,
Curt., Plalyna atrnta, Mg. ? ( $ ), Ceroplatus tipul aides, F., Macrocera centralis,
Mg., Plesiastina annulata, Mg., Atherix marginata, Mg., Diocfria reinhardi, W.,
Laaiopogon cinctus, F., Empis punctata, Mg., Hglemgia Jlavipennia, Fin., Pegomyia
Jlavipes, Fin., Hydromyza livens, F., Tephritis corniculata, Fin., Phnrtica variegata,
Schnr., another ? of the still unnamed Palloptera, and also several specimens of a
Platyna with " black body," which I have distributed amongst friends, who have
not as yet suggested the specific name, I also obtained through Mr. Brameld
Pedicia rivosa, L., Ctenophora Jtaveolata, F., and Iclerica loestermanni, Mg. —
Fredk. C. Adams, 50, Ashley Gardens, S.W. : April, 1906.

^orii|tMs«

BiiiMiNGHAM Entomological Society : Monday, February IWi, 1906. —
Mr. Gr. T. Bethune-Baker President, in the Chair.

The various Annual Reports, Statement of Accounts, &c., were presented, and
the Officers and Council elected for the ensuing year.

Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis exhibited various Coleoptera, including Mycetochares
bipustulata, bred from larvae taken in the New Forest ; Ptinus sexpunctatus from
Solihull, an insect new to Warwickshire ; an Opilo, very like our O. mollis, bred
Irom galls of Cynips kollarl found at Biskra, Algeria, by Mr. W. H. Wilkinson,
and a drawer of Anchomenina, comprising all the species of the British list. Mr.
W. E. Coliinge showed a small moth from Fiji, where it has been doing serious
damage to the coco-nut palms, together with the larvae, pup£e, and cocoons of the
same, and portions of the palm leaves sliowing the injury done. He said that so
serious was the damage that in one large grove all the fronds hung down as if
dead. Unfortunately, though it had been examined by various authorities, he had
not yet been able to get it identified. Mr. G-. H. Kenrick showed various butter-
flies, including some fine Danaidse, Acrxina, &c., from New Guinea, Thursday
Island, the Loyalty Islands, &o. — Colbran J. Wainwright, Hon. Secretary.

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Socikty : The usual Monthly
Meeting of this Society was held in the lioyal Institution, Liverpool, on Monday,
the 19th March.— Mr. K-. Wilding, Vice-President, occupied the Chair.

A paper was read by Mr. W. Mansbridge upon the Micro- Lepidoptera of the
Liverpool District. About seventy species were dealt with, some of them new to
the county list. Among the more interesting records was that of the moth
Myelois ceratonix, and its aberration pryereUa, with an intermediate form ; these
were bred from larvae found in dates purchased in Liverpool. Another inter-
esting insect was a specimen of Uioryctria abietetla, a very dark form captured
in Delamere Forest. A bred series of the local 'i!:ovivi\ Peronea perm utana ivom

118 rMay,

Wallasey, was also referred to by the autlior, wlio exiiibited most of the species
noted in illustration of his paper. Other exhibits were a series of Semasia waeh-
eriana, bred by Mr. Gr. L Cox from larvae found in cherry bark at Oxton. Mr,
E. J. B. Sopp, the exotic cockroaches, Nyctihora holoaericea and Panchlora iiirea-
cens from the Ship Canal docks at Manchester.

Monday, April Wi, 1906.— Richard Wilding, Esq., Vice-President, in the
Chair.

Ei>rht New Members were elected.

Mr. F. N. Pierce read a short paper on the " Grenital Armature of the Ilybrid-
Moth Notodonla ziczac and N. dromedarius,^' ilhistrated by drawings and micro-
scopical preparations of the parts described, as well as by the exhibition of the
insects ; the lecturer pointed out the difficulty of obtaining specimens of such rare
forms for dissection. Dr. J. Cotton read a paper upon the " Lepidopterous Fauna
of Knowsley Park," some thirteen species of butterflies and two hundred and ten
species of moths were enumerated as having been found in the Park, and the lecturer,
in the course of his remarks, gave a description of the topographical details of the
locality. A discussion ensued, in which most of the Members present took part.

Mr. W. A. Tyerman exhibited a long bred series of Acronycta rumicis. Mr.
W. Mansbridge a series of Larentia multistriyaria, including melanic forms from
West Yorkshire, also a specimen of D.falcaf aria, set so as to sliow the resemblance
of the moth to the head of a mouse.— H. R. Sweeting and Wm. Mansbridge,
Hon. 'Secretaries.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, February Slh, 1906— Mr. R. Adkin, President, in the Chair.

Mr. Kaye exhibited preserved larvae of Cidaria sagittata, and called atten-
tion to their close protective resemblance to the Thalictruni flowers and to their
proneness to the attacks of Ichneumons. Mr. R. Adkin, cases of Acanthopsyvhe
opacella and Pachythelia villo.sella, and pointed out the differences between them.
The remainder of the evening was taken up by the exhibition of a large number
of lantern slides by Mr. Lucas, of life-histories of insects, protective resemblance, &c. ;
and by Mr. Tonge, of micro-photographs of the ova of nearly every species of
butterfly found in Great Britain.

Thursday, February 2lnd, 1906. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. Handisyde, of Bayswater, was elected a Member.

Mr, Edwards exhibited a specimen of Papilio mycale^ a species very closely
related to P. eurimedes, from South America. Messrs. Harrison and Main, Opo-
rabia dllutata from Epping Forest, Delamere Forest, and the New Forest, and
pointed out the characters of the forms found in the three areas, and he also
tb.owed specimens of the var. christyi from Enniskillen. Mr. H, Moore, a large
number of insects of all orders from the Island of Trinidad. Mr. Mc Arthur,
specimens of Fenthina postremana and Ephippiphora cirsiana, which had been

1906.] 119

SI ccessfuUy cleaned by several applications of ordinary benzoHne, although ex-
tremely greasy at first. Mr. GouUon, for Mr. Wilsdon, a beautiful black form of
Acronycta leporina, a gynandrous specimen of Affrotix puta from Manor Park,
bred, Tephrosia crepu.s-cularia, Ist brood captured, and 2nd brood bred from the
New Forest, and a Drepana bred from oak, which seemed to partake of the charac-
ter of both D. hinaria {hamula) and Z>. cnltraria {unguicula). Mr. Smallman, a
dwarf specimen of Anthocharis qenutia from New Jersey, with varied forms of
Colias philodice ? from difFeient localities in the United States of America. Mr.
Kaye read a paper " On Mimicry," with especial reference to a few groups of South
American butterflies, and exhibited a large number of insects in illustration.

Thursday, March 8th, 1906.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. R. Adkin exhibited pupa cases in situ of several species of Mgeriidse
(Sesiidse), including /E. culiciformis, M. scoliiformis, ^. asUiformis, and M. ich-
neumoniformis. Mr. West (Greenwich), 30 species of Hemiptera, which he was
presenting to the Society's collections. Several members remarked on the season.
Sallows had been observed in flower at Christmas, and were probably fully out by
the first week in March in the South. Hyheriiia rupicapraria was out early in
January, Tseniocampa pulverulenta, Asphalia flavicornis, Phigalia pedaria,
Nyssia hispidaria, and T. stahilis were already out ; the last named was worn.

Thursday, March 22nd, 1906.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. A. Harrison, for Mr. C. Oldham, fine examples of male Cosmotriche
potatoria, with the pale female coloration. Mr. F M. B. Carr, Scotch and South
English Asphalia flavicornis, showing the former to be generally darker, with more
strongly marked bands. Mr. Hy. J. Turner, Erehia epipsodea, Phyciodes ismeria
and Satyrus nephele received from Mr. A. J. Croker, Redvers, Assiniboia. Mr.
L. W. Newman, short series of Leucania vitellina and Nyssia lapponaria, with beau-
tiful and extreme melanic forms of Tephrosia consonaria and Boarmia gemmaria.
Mr. S. Edwards, a large number of exotic Lycsenidse. Mr. R. Adkin, a specimen of
Valeria oleagina, and discussed the reputed occurrence of the species in Great
Britain. Mr. T. W. Hall, dark forms of Crymodes exulis from Rannoch, with a
powdered light form from the Shetland Isles for comparison. — Hy. J. Turner,
Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London: Wednesday, March 'I'ist, 1906. — Mr.
F. Mesrifield, President, in the Chair.

The Rev, George A. Crawshay, M.A., of " Lowlands," Leighton Buzzard ;
Mr. Hereward Dollman, of Hove House, Newton Grove, Bedford Park, W. ;
Mr, Edward Dukinfield Jones, of " Castro," Reigate ; Mr. John Neville Keynes,
M.A., Sc.D., of 6, Harvey Road, Cambridge ; Mr. D. L. McCarrison, Indian Police
Forces, Madras Club, Madras ; and Mr. George E. Tryhane ; were elected Fellows
of this Society.

Dr. F. A. Dixey exhibited six $ S examples of the Pierine genus Eronia with
corresponding ? ? s, and drew attention to the extreme diversity shown by the

120 fMay. 1906.

? 9 s in these closely alliecl species. He considered that this characteristic was due
to the fact that in every instance the $ had been diverted from the ordinary
aspect of the group by the operation of mimicry, either Mulleriau or Batesian.
The species of entirely different affinities which had acted presumably as models
were associated also with the exhibit. Mr. R. Ad kin showed two specimens of
Emmelesia unifasci'ata which had emerged in August last from pupse which h:id
lain over since the autumn of 1900, thus having passed five seasons in the pupal
stage. Dr. T. A. Chapuian, exhibited a number of specimens from the Riviera,
Sicily, &c , and read a paper on the " Progressive Melanism in the Riviera of
Hastida hyerana." A discussion followed on melanism and its causes, in which
Mr. Gr. T. Porritt, Dr. F. A. Dixey, the President, and other Fellows joined.

Wednexdai}, April 4lh, 1906. — Mr. C. O. WATEiinousK, Vice-President, in
the Chair.

Mr. Leonard Doncaster, M.A., King's College, Cambridge ; Major F. Winn
Sampson, H.M. Travelling Commissioner, Senior Officers' Mess, Old Calabars,
Southern Nigeria ; and Mr. Raleigh S. Smallman, Wressil Lodge, Wimbledon
Common, S.W. ; were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe exhibited specimens of the very rare ant Fornir-
coxenus nitidulus, $ , found in a nest of Formica rvfa at Weybridge during the
present month. Mr. A. J. Chitty said he had taken a single $ of the species
in the Blean Woods, Kent, and the Rev. F. D. Morice reported it common in
Switzerland, where he had taken examples of all three sexes abundantly. Mr.
Q-. C. Champion showed a specimen of Platypsylla castoris, Ritsema, a Coleop-
terous parasite of the beaver, from France, and suggested that perhaps it might be
found on the beavers in the Gardens of the Zoological Society in London. Mr.
W. Gr, Sheldon, several specimens of a Noetua, which he said corresponded to
Dr. H. Guard Knaggs' original description of Ayrotis helvetina (Entomologist's An-
nual, 1872, p. 115). He had purchased them at the sale of the late Dr. Mason's col-
lection, in which they were labelled as light varieties of Noctua avgur, to which
species he thought in fact that they should be referred. Mr. A. H. Jones, examples
of butterflies taken by him last year in Majorca, showing injury to the wings,
caused, in his opinion, by the attacks of lizards. The Rev. F. D. Morice gave an
account of the calcaria observed on the legs of some Hymenoptera. They were, he
said, quite constant in each species, and useful, therefore, as distinguishing charac-
ters ; the only Hymenopteron he had come across without them being the ordinary
hive-bee. Kirby and Spence considered that they were used for clinging purposes,
but this was unlikely, as the spurs occurred in species which did not cling at all.
So far as he had noticed they were used by members of this Order for the purpose
of cleaning their antennae. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse said that similar spurs existed
in the Trichoptera, though they did not assume beautiful forms as in the Hymenop-
tera ; but as to their uses, he was not aware that any observations had been
published or made on the subject. Mr. G. C. Champion remarked that they were
also well developed on the hind-legs of some Coleoptera of the family Melaudryidae.
— H. Rowland Brown, Hon. Secretary.

June, 1906.1

121

OBSERVATIONS ON INDIAN BUTTERFLIES.
BT T. E. BELL.

[The following interesting notes are extracted from two letters
bj Mr. T. K. Bell, the first written June 6th, 1903, from Camp
Songhir, to Mr. H. E. Andrewes; the second written a year later (June
18th, 1904), to Professor Poulton, from Karachi. They give the
impressions of a trained and experienced naturalist, and cannot fail
to interest readers of the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. Only
the notes on Natural History are quoted, and thus the communication
opens somewhat abruptly.]

In Kallima and Junonia among the Np^iphnlincB ; and in Melanitis,
and, to a lesser degree in the rest of the Satyrine group of butterflies,
the seasonal forms are well marked: -in the dry season form by
greatly developed hooks to the apex of the fore-wings, and productions
or tails to thehind-wdngs; in the so-called "wet-season" forms, by
the presence of ocellation on the under- sides of both wings, which also
very often have " ink " markings. The under-side of the dry-season
forms is generally plain (as in Melanitis leda) with, very commonly, a
straight line down the middle in the manner of a leaf midrib ; this
midrib being present only in the dry-season forms.* The " windows "
or hyaline spots in Kallima, and white chalky-looking markings are also
common ; the former chiefly in the dry-season form, the latter in the
wet (in Melanitis asioa for example). The ink-markings and chalk-
markings I am certain are supposed to represent mould and lichens on
decaying leaves, amongst which the butterflies are generally found
sitting ; the hyaline markings are supposed to represent holes in the leaf
which Kallima imitates.f As the browns of the leaves vary in shade, so
do the browns of the under-sides of the butterflies also vary (approach-
ing to grey in the dry-season forms : the leaves at that season being
often grey when dead), hardly two in a morning's capture of say
twenty specimens being exactly of the same shade. Tell Poulton that

• In M. leda and M. asica.
,Ji-Z^% ^?r^1. ''are supposed to " in the above sentence were considered to require further exnla-
' 5e unLsed V^ ■ V^°"- /^''Afi H] '1^^ *° ^^^ cominunication, wrote arfolirsU^' As regl^is
certain tLtthP«; h " ^f^^^^^."/^* ^hat is what I should always write and say, as I am not It all
to insect^rentiLs an^^^ markmgs and mouldy-looking markings) would look the same

woSd be better. '• ^^ ^^ '''''• ^^""^^P" ''^'^"^'^ probably be taken to be

L

122 [June,

I have often bred Oharaxes imna and Dolescliallia poJihete from the
eg^ in the monsoon, and, although they have been kept quite dry dur-
ing the egg, larval and pupal stages, they have all turned out monsoon
forms : likewise with two Kallimas that T remember to have bred from
the egg. Melanitis leda or is?nene (wet form and dry form respectively
are thus dubbed) bred from eggs laid in captivity in the monsoon (and
therefore not rained on) have always given the wet-season form leda ;
not till the end of the monsoon have they turned out ismene or the
dry-season forms. So also with Mycalesis mandosfi and mandntn and
mineus: the ocellated forms have all been bred in captivity during the
rains, from the egg laid in captivity. So that it is not the rain or direct
action of wetting by rain that is the cause of the wet-season form. I
think it must be the damp atmosphere generally that influences the form.
This would be difiicult to prove, for when the atmosphere is dry it is
next to impossible to keep any space with a damp atmosphere without
the larvsD getting diseased and dying. It would be possible in a large
conservatory like some of those at Kew, &c., but for us to do it is
impossible. In Kanara there are as many broods of butterflies as
there are sproutings of leaves ; that is, the broods go on in uninter-
rupted succession all the year round, except that in the hot weather and
in the month of October, the two great leaf-sprouting times of the year,
the insects are far more numerous than at other times, because there is
such a large quantity of available food in the form of young leaves.
Of course this is only to be expected in a country which never has
any great drought or excessively dry season or any great cold, and
where there are always leaves available. I have a theory based upon
experience that it is the amount of moisture imbibed or eaten by the
larva that produces the wet-season form so-called. This wet-season
form in many of the Pierida (I speak about genera Appias and
Catopsilia, as having come within my experience) is the form which
has a great amount of black coloration and rather pointed wings
(more pointed in this form in Appias any way). Well, I bred many
specimens of both these genera {A. taprohana and libi/thea ; C. crocale
and ;?^r«72^Ae), and found that when fed upon the young succulent
leaves of their food-plants which appear in the hot weather, the re-
sultant specimens or imagines are always wet-season forms. Succulent
young leaves mean much moisture. In the cold weather, leaves are at
their driest and hardest stage, and that is the time all the cold-weather
or dry-weather forms are about.

)06.] 123

Another thing which is worth noting is that the time occupied from
egg to imago is much shorter in the case of the young-leaf fed h\rva than
in the one that is reared on hard, dry leaves. The quickest growth I
have ever noticed was that of Atella alcippe and phalanta, which only
took 13 days from egg to imago. Another thing that is usually the
case also, is that the cold-weather forms, or those resulting from dry-
leaf fed larvse, are larger than those resulting from larvae fed on young,
wet leaves ; it seems, therefore, that the slower the larval growth
(always given plenty of food, and fresh), the larger the imago Of
course the wet-season or succulent leaf-fed larvae always produce darker
imagines ; so that the larger specimens are nearly always, I might say
always, lighter in colour than the smaller. Starving larvae is sometimes
productive of curious results, as, in one skipper I bred, and the larva
of which I starved, the resultant imago, or imagines, for there were
several (it was a Parnara) had only one of the semi-hyaline marks show-
ing or present on the fore-wing, and w'as half the size it should have
been ; so that de Niceville, of Calcutta, made a separate species of it
under the name oi j^hilotas, de Xiceville. I have no opportunity now
of breeding and trying experiments ; neither, I am afraid, have I a
chance of sending Poulton series of the butterflies he wants ; if I get
back to Kanara, then I shall be able to send them to him. One could
write reams on seasonable dimorphism and the effect it shows in
different species. For it is a curious fact that in species of the same
genus, the line the differences take between the two forms are very
different. For example, in Melanitis the "rains" form of leda ?ix\di
aswa show a finely vermiculated surface without a sign of the midrib
marking, wdiereas, in M. gohliala, the wet form only differs from the
dry in having more " ink " underneath. Whereas Kallima shows the
midrib on the under-side in wet and dry forms, Melanitis leda and
aswa show no signs of it in the wet forms ; whereas the wet forms of
Kallima and Melanitis are darkest on the under-side ; and though
darker on the upper-side in the wet form, Junonia asterie always is
lightest in that form beneath. Ocellation of the under-side seems
always, without exception, to be an effect of moisture ; the wet form
of Junonia asterie^ for example, is abundantly ocellated, whereas the
dry-season form is quite plain, wnth a well-defined midrib.

There is a curious thing in connection with Dolesoliallia ipolihete
which may be interesting, and that is, whereas the male is very active,
and continually found perching on leaves near the tops of trees, very
often in the open, the female is hardly over seen out of thick vegeta-
tion and dark places ; in fact only one female is seen for a dozen or

L 2

124 [J^i'^e,

more males, because, presumably, one frequents generally open places
oftener than thick undergrowth in jungles. We found from breed-
ing that, if anything, more females than males are produced from any
one given batch of eggs, the eggs always being found in batches of from
five or six to fifteen or so ; now, in the male, which frequents open
places (this insect always sits with its wings closed over its back),
there are a number of white marks, very conspicuous at and near the
base of both wings ; in the female these are always entirely wanting,
the under-side in that sex being plain, with the midrib distinct.
Difference in size is always due to sufficiency, or otherwise, of
food (that is apart from the seasonal-form difference in size) ; and
those species whose larvae feed upon a food which grows in great
quantities covering miles of country, very rarely, if ever, show any
difference in size, as Kallima, which feeds on Strohilantlies, an under-
shrub which sometimen covers whole jungles, and Melanitis, which
feeds on grasses and rice or bamboos. I remember one year when
Catopsilia crocale and Badamia eccclamationis (a skipper) were so
abundant as to denude every tree in the forests of their leaves (their
food-plants being Terminalia belerica, one of the largest and commonest
forest trees we have; and Cassia Jistula, slIso a common tree, but
smaller) ; the larvae, when no more food was to be had on any tree,
came down the stems in such numbers as actually to cover them to the
extent that there w^as not room to touch the bark with a tip of a finger.
"Well, in that year, the differences in size of specimens of these two
species was very marked.

The habit of lying torpid in the imago state in this part of India
(Kanara) has never come to my notice. Certain species of larvae lie
over for months sometimes (Tagiades atticus for example — a skipper),
and other butterflies lie over in the pupal state as some of the Papilios
(most notably P. nomius and panope or dissimilis'), but these butterflies
have no definite seasonal forms. Papilio nomius as imago is only
found in the months from February to June, and never (as far as I know)
in the months from July to Januar3^ This is rather queer as the
food-plant {Saccopetalwn tomentosum) has leaves all the year round,
but it is in young leaf in the hot weather only : hence probably the
reason, the larva of the insect being probably so constituted that it
cannot chew hard leaves, or its stomach so formed that it cannot
digest them. Another curious thing is that, whereas in P. nomius the
the larval and egg stages are normal in length, the pupal stage is so
long ; in Tagiades atticus, on the other hand, the larval stage is long,
while the egg and pupal stages are normal : at the same time it may

i9()fi • 125

be as well to state that the feeding ])eriod of the larva in this latter
insect is quite normal : the larva turns transparent green at the end of
the feeding (as usual) and in that state lies over, sometimes a short
time, sometimes a long time, depending on I know not what causes;
is quite active, as it often changes its cell, and never omits to change
it just before pupating.

[This concludes the notes in the first letter, which w^as sent by
Mr. Andrewes to Professor Poulton who replied to it direct to Mr.
Bell. The second set of notes constitute nearly the whole of Mr.
Bell's answer.]

Thanks for the book containing the different papers ; those
African Precis are indeed wonderful in their variety or variation.
We have nothing quite as variable as that, except some of the Gato-
phaga-Appias lot, which even then only vary from black to white ;
nearly quite black all over, however, to nearly pure white ; the black
forms being the wet-season ones of course, or the "succulent shoot "
forms, which I fancy is the same thing. These shoots come out in end
of April and May — which is the hot weather; and dry, and last
through the rains. Our Precis, the common one existing right
through India into China (now called Junonia iphita), becomes very
black (dark brown) in the rains, gets smaller peaks to the wings, that
is, the peaks are less accentuated, and besides the tendency to ocella-
tion, gets a steely suffusion on the under-side : the only butterfly I
am acquainted with that acquires metallic marking. There is another
thing, while on Precis, which occurs to me, and that is the rule that
the dry forms are the larger does not always apply to Precis, and never
to some other species. Por example, the wet-season form of Rypolimnas
bolina is more than double the size (wing-area) of the dry-season
form ; the same with Hypolimnas ^nisippus, also Cynthia saloma and
Cethosia mahratta. Now the reason for this is that the dry-season
forms of these butterflies are all more or less starved specimens.
The Acanthacece, on which Precis and Rypolimnas feed, and Modecca
{Passiflorece, the food-plant of Cynthia and Cethosia) are almost com-
pletely wet-season plants, that is they lose their leaves in the dry
weather. Barring this starving, all cold-weather forms are larger than
the wet-weather ones, and are so, 1 consider, for the reasons I have
given before, viz., slower growth due to less " sappy " food.

In these very damp regions, like Kanara, where the rainfall varies
from 100 to 300 inches, the leaves often get spots of white mould on

126 [June,

them : SI sort of very soft, feathery white fungus which is a fe^A' milli-
metres in diameter, aud circular as a rule ; besides which, the circular
burrowings beueath the epidermis of leaves of minute Lepidopterous,
etc., larvae become quite white in the w^ithered leaf; so that the chalky
markings, so distinct on Melanitis asica in the cold-weather forms,
might be mistaken for this latter stjle of thing. The rains form of
M. varaha is all vermiculated underneath like Jeda.

The two species of Kallima which 1 have bred from the egg are
K. loardi (cold-weather form = K. Iiorsfieldii) and Doleschallia
polibete ; the latter we always called the red Kallima. As 1 have been
transferred from Kanara, and am at present in this desert place, I
cannot do anything in the way of experiment as there is a great lack
of material and I have few- of my things with me, having left all my
collections, &c., down in Kanara. Our ways of breeding in Kanara
were to all intents and purposes quite natural as all the plants grew
immediately outside the bungalow which are situated in the jungles;
often, indeed, w^e just tied large nets over the trees on which the larvae
were feeding : this a propos of your remarks as to the time Atella
alcippe takes from the egg to the imago.

With reference to the curled leaves : after the rains nearl}^ all
the leaves curl up in drying, and I have often been struck by the
curious resemblance some of them bear (especially when hanging in
a spider's web, &c.) against the trunk of a tree, surface of a rock,
branch of a tree, &c., to a Kallima or similarly peaked- and hook-
winged butterfly ; the resemblance in colour and shnpc is sometimes
so strong as to quite deceive one from a short distance. In the rains,
curled leaves are scarce in wet places like Kanara, as you may imagine.
Some favourite seats for Kallima butterflies are a tree-trunk, branch,
or perpendicular rock surface, also small masses and strings of dead
leaves hanging by remnants of old spider webs in the undergrowth in
the jungles. I have never seen a Kallima rest on the ground though
they often settle for a short time ; whereas Melanitis always rests on
the ground and, as your book says, generally in a half-lyiiig position
amongst the leaves, rarely upright. I have often looked in vain for
Satyrines that I have watched carefully settle without being able to
find them except after carefully scanning every inch of the ground.

As to the habits of butterflies at different seasons, I do not think
there is any more activity during the dry season than during the wet 5
of course the number of insects about during the wet mouths is more
than double that which one sees during the dry mouths : this is
accounted for by the more prolific breeding owing to greater quantity

127

1906]

of food. There are always two great seasons in the damp parts of
India, one in the month of April, just touching March and May, and
one, by far the "heaviest," as the natives say here, in the months of
September and October, which exactly correspond to the two great
shooting times of the trees and plants of all kinds; nearly all the
trees flower twice in those parts, also, as you might suppose, there
being two sprouting seasons.

When we were breeding butterflies in Kanara we found that
males and females came out in equal numbers; which fact surprised
us much at the time, for certain species, of which one seldom or never
sees the female, such as Gharaxes imna and schreiheri (warch), Euripus
consimUis and many of the "blues." When one does come across
them it is always in the underwood in the jungles, while the males
bask openly in the sun on the tops of high trees, on leaves by the
road-side &c. In Karwar (North Kanara) we had rare opportunities
for observing this as the top of a hill close by was 1500 feet above sea
level where we lived (Karwar is on the sea-beach), and the trees on
the summit of this hill are all stunted by the strong winds and are
overtopped in places by huge boulders where we could stand and
observe, having a view all round of land and sea, hill and plain for 40
miles on every side. Here, on muggy days in the monsoon, when the
mists were driving over the top of the hill from the Indian Ocean,
causing intervals of strong hot sun, light and cool shade, on the
summit, butterflies used to come in the sunny breaks in the mist and
settle in hundreds-I had nearly said thousands-on the surrounding
leaves • the air at times used to be thick with them chasing each other
and generally enjoying themselves. All these butterflies, without
exception, were males; a stray female would come up through the
underwood now and then, but never to stay. A female Charades imna
or schreiheri or Cynthia saloma was an event not to be forgotten, m
fact I only remember once seeing one of the last. We learnt a lot
about the habits of butterflies in those days: what species were
" baskers " and what were not for example. Cynthia saloma, and five
species of Chara:ves {imna, ivardi, schreiheri, fahius and athamas) were
the most persistent " baskers " of the lot : then there were " blues " of
the genera Virachola, Camena, Curetis and Tajuria ; Euthalia luhentina
and garuda would come along later in the day ; skippers of the genera
Bihasis {sena), Rasora (chiefly chromus), Halpe moorei : Athyma
inarina and mahesa and occasionally A. selenophora. None of the
Fapiliosov Pierines ever used to bask; the only Pai.z7z. that ever
came up to the top for the sun was panope (= dissimihs), and then

128 [June,

chiefly the panope form : and they would fly backwards and for-
wards over the trees, but rarely settle. Papilio helenus, tamilana,
pammon, liomedon, would come past in the underwood but never
settled: and all were males, without exception. The " baskers "
would sit with their wings half open as a rule, except Euthalia^
which always sat with its wings spread widely out on a leaf. It is
noticeable that all the " baskers " are strong, powerful butterflies, so
have little to fear from birds ; the weak, brightly-coloured butterflies
never seemed to come and bask ; the strong; ones are, of course, often
conspicuosly brightly-coloured too. By the way, when a Papilio
settles in the underwood, which of course they constantly do in shady
places, they invariably sit with the front wing brought down to cover
the bright markings on the hind-wing: I am particularly thinking of
P. tamilana (with a bright peacock- blue large spot on the hind-wing —
belonging to the P. paris group) ; P. helenus (called daksha in South
India, has a white spot where tamilana has it blue), pammon and
liomedon (with white markings on the hind-wing), &c., &c. These
Papilios always rest with their wings spread. Others, such as P.
telephus, sarpedon, nomius, agamemnon, &c., always rest with the wings
closed over their backs.

Has any explanation ever been offered as to the meaning or use of
the anal black, often silver- or orange-centred spots on the hind-wings
of some LyccenidcB? Or have you ever looked at them yourself?
Put a "blue" having such spots {Virachola, Camena, Ops, Creon,
Arhopala, &c.) on a leaf or surface in its natural position, with the
wings closed over the back ; the black spots then come into juxtaposi-
tion with a flimsy tail to each one, which moves in the tiniest breeze.
Looking one day at a " blue " on a leaf in the jungle, I took the spots
for the head of a llantis ! And, as if the resemblance were not strong
enough when at rest, the movement so common among LyccsnidcB of
the hind-wings one on another (as if the butterfly were rubbing them
together gently) gave the " Ji«?2^is-head " the appearance of moving
from side to side. It was very quaint. And it struck me forcibly
that it would do well to frighten small insects, ants, &c. Or perhaps
birds and lizards would take it for a Mantis and thus get the ends of
the wings instead of the Lyccenid's body ?

But there is no end to this sort of observation ; one might go on
for ever at it.

May, 1906.

1906.] 129

FORMALIN A.S A REAGENT IN THE PREPARATION OF SOME
SOFT- BODIED COCCID.E.

BY E. KllNEST GRF.EN, F.E.S.

Those entomologists vvlio may have had occasion to mount for
microscopical study such soft-bodied species of Lecanium as hesperidmn
or longulum, must have noticed how difficult it is to bring out the
dermal characters satisfactorily in a permanent mount. After treat-
ment with the usual boiling potash solution, the skin becomes so thin,
clear, and transparent, that the derm - cells and other cuticular
characters disappear, and under these conditions the chitin refuses to
take up any of the usual stains. I have hitherto found great
difficulty in permanently demonstrating the derm-cells in L. viride
and Pulvinaria psidii. Though, with careful adjustment of the light,
these characters may be visible in temporary preparations (mounted
in glycerine), they are again obscured in the final balsam mount.

1 have recently — and by accident — discovered a means of over-
coming this difficulty. Some tubes containing specimens of a
Lecaniuin — preserved in three per cent, formalin — were received from
the West Indies for determination. They proved to be Lecanium
viride, and 1 was agreeably surprised, on mounting these specimens
in the usual way, to notice a remarkable improvement in the finished
mount. The derm was toughened and retained its form ; it took and
held the stain (fuchsin) firmly, the dermal ceils being thrown into bold
relief. The marginal hairs also were better defined than in prepara-
tions from dried specimens. The earlier stages of preparation are
correspondingly facilitated. The maceration in potash results in a
more thorough decomposition of the contents of the body, which are
consequently more easily removed, leaving the external chitinous
parts clear and unobscured.

The advantages of the formalin treatment are more marked in
the ease of the soft-bodied Lecaniince : but many Dactylopiince and
Monophlebince are benefited by similar treatment. I have not yet
experimented with Diaspidince, which — from their small and sheltered
positions — would not lend themselves conveniently to this treatment
unless first removed from their covering scales.

It is necessary that the specimens should be immersed in the

medium while still fresh. Subsequent immersion of previously dried

specimens does not produce the same result : nor does the addition of

"malin to the potash, during the maceration process, have any

ficial effect.

130 1-^"°^'

Preservation in formalin vapour appears to be equally useful, and
is in many ways more convenient than the liquid medium. A small
plug of wool, damped with 40 per cent, formalin, is placed at the
bottom of a glass tube, and the insects, together with pieces of the
leaf or bark to which they are attached, are dropped into the tube
without further treatment. The cork must be a well-fitting one and
should preferably be first boiled in paraffine. This method of prepara-
tion has the further advantage of preventing deterioration by mould
or mites.

Peradeiiiya, Ceylon :
April 10th, 1906.

HELP-NOTES TOWARDS THE DETERMINATION OF BRITISH
TENTHREDINID/E, &c. (U).

EY THE EEV. F. D MORICE, M.A., F.E.S.
NEMATIDES {continued) = PTERONUS, AMAURONEMATUS.

Pteronus, Jur.

The s[)ecies placed by Konow in this genus include some of our
commonest saw-flies, such as ribesii and myosotidis. All have an
incised clypeus and bifid claws ; the puncturation is generally slight,
so that the surface is shining, the $ saw-sheath simple and rather
small in all its proportions, the antennae long, slender, and tapering.
Their bodies, I believe, are never entirely black, though many (especially
thcc;^ J) have a good deal of black above, its exact extent being
somewhat variable. Often the ground colour is green in life, but
fades afterwards to a brownish- or reddish-yellow. In other cases the
abdomen is entirely or partly orange, retaining this colour unaltered
after death. Some species are difficult to separate for certain in
particular specimens, though in other cases they may be known at
once by diff"erences in the sculpture of the head, for these characters
are liable to be obliterated when, as often happens, the insect shrivels
more or less after death. Dirty specimens also, and such as have lost
their antennsD, or have been so pinned as to destroy the scutellum-
characters, are often impossible to name with certainty, and are really
not worth keeping. This applies especially to the green species,
most of which are pretty common, and resemble one another so
much that the obliteration of a single character may often make them
undistinguishable.

I can certify about twenty species as British, and have added in

1906.] , 1-31

my Table a few more of which I have not seeji British specimens, but
which appear to be ilescribed from native insects by Mr. Cameron.
These in my Table following I mark thus f.

SYNOPTIC TABLE OF BRITISH PTERONUts spp.

1. Stigma black or dark brown '^*

— Stigma pale (white, green, yellow, or, especially in some J <? , faintly infuscated

but not really dark) ^•

2. Abdomen entirely orange-yellow in both sexes. Antennae, costa, and stigma all

black. Saw-sheath of ? (viewed from above) broadly rounded, not tapering,

at its apex. A large species (7— 10 mill, long) salicis.Jj.

~ Abdomen never entirely yellow in the ^ ; seldom so in the 9 , and then with the
saw-sheath tapering lo a narrow apex 3*

3. Costa bright yellow, contrasting strongly with the dark stigma. Antennae black.

? Abdomen yellow, with a tapering saw-sheath f dimidiatus, Lep.

= melanovephalus, C.

— Costa as well as stigma dark ^^

4. Vertical area (i. e., the oblong space between ocelli and occiput) at most twice as

broad as long. Antennae more or less pale, at least beneath. Abdomen
orange, generally with black transverse markings above. (One of our com-
monest species) ••.•. W6e.su, Scop.

— Yertical area quite thrice as broad as long. Antennae generally quite black...

leucotrochus, Htg.
(? coUinus, ? consobrinus, C).

5. Anteiniae black

— Antennae at least partly pale ^'^•

6. Frontal ridge (t. e., the transverse elevation situate about half way between the

anterior ocellus and the insertions of the antennae) interrupted in its centre
by a deep groove.

The ? abdomen is orange, with a square black mark at its base sur-
rounding the " blotch " pavidus,Lep.

— Frontal ridge continuous, unbroken ''

7. Abdomen entirely black above (only the venter pale). Head narrowed behind

the eyes. Clypeus pale whitish-yellow ffuscomaculatus, Forst.

{strongylogaster, C).

— Abdomen above only black centrally, its sides, as well as the venter, pale

, 8.

or red

8. Large species (6-8 mill. long.). Abdomen above broadly black, its sides and

venter dark brick-red. Clypeus red. Long, heavy-looking antenna. Head

thick and broad behind nigricornis,J.e^.

{zetterstedti, C).

— Smaller species. Head more narrowed behind the eyes. Colour paler, light

reddish-yellow, or greenish, or ochreous ^'

132 [June,

9. Sciitellum of 9 black. Apex of ^ abdomen above not produced into a distinct

process 10.

— Scutellum of ? pale. Apex of ^ abdomen above distinctly produced 12.

10. Antennae not longer in either sex than the abdomen and half the thorax. Two

basal segments of abdomen black above, the others fasciated more or less

with black f similator, Forst.

(monticola, C).

— Antennae as long as the whole body, or even longer 11.

11. Sligma rich deep yellow, large and almost semi-circular. G-round colour bright

testaceous. Vertical area about twice as broad as long myosotidis, F.

— Stigma whitish and more pointed at apex. Ground colour ochreous. Vertical

area quite thrice as broad as long segmentarius, Forst.

{pulchelluSf C).

12. Hind tibiae of ^ entirely black. ^ with black mesopleurae, and antennae as long

as the body hortensis, Htg.

(tibialis, C).

— Hind tibiae of $ pale, except at apex. $ with antennae shorter than the body,

and usually with the mesopleurae brownish-yellow (not black). The ground
colour of the insect is green in life, but fades after death to ochreous-y allow...

virescens, Htg.
(viridescens, C).

13. Whole body almost entirely black above (only extreme margins of abdomen

pale in $ ). The J has black mesopleurae melanaspis, Htg.

{lacteus, C, maculiger, C).

— Body in ? mostly pale above, variegated with mere streaks or spottings of black.

The <J S are often darker, but at least the mesopleurae are pale 14.

14. A small pale species distinguishable at once by the extremely short vertical

area — its length hardly exceeding the diameter of an ocellus !...

curH>tj)inis, Thorns.

— Vertical area much longer 15.

15. The frontal area bears three little abbreviated carinula?. One, often indistinct,

runs from the middle of the transverse frontal ridge towards the anterior
ocellus. The others, usually pretty well-marked, radiate diagonally from
the anterior ocellus towards the insertions of the antennae. (This character
is apt to disappear when the insects shrivel up alter death, but if it can be
recognised it suffices to determine the species). The <J differs from all other
rteroni in having its produced ventral apex broadly truncate, and even
somewhat emarginate. The $ coloration is variable, lut it seems always to
have an entirely pale scutellum, and this will distinguish it from some very
similar species, while it may be known from ethers by the saw-sheath, which
is rather long, and as seen from above nearly equally broad throughout
(The cerci are small, hence Thomson named this species microcercus, but this

character is not peculiar to it) oligospilus, Forst.

{miliar is, $ , C).

1908.]

133

— Frontal area without the three earinae described above. Ventral apex of <?

abdomen always pointed and never emarginate Ifj-

16. Ground colour in life green, though after death it fades to yellow. Breast

always pale in both Fexes. Occiput always with some black, if only a mere
spot just behind the vertical area ' '•

— Colour in life reddish-yellow, not green. Breast in some <? J black. Occiput

sometimes immaculate ^ '

17. The frontal ridge is interrupted by a sulcus, so that, seen from above, it seems

broken into a pair of more or less contiguous tubercles 19-

— The frontal ridge is unbroken 1^-

1^. Apical production of last J dorsal segment not nearly as long as broad. The

? vertical area and the (central) part of the occiput which adjoins it is
entirely black. Mesonotum nearly all black, but scutellum pale, except at

its apex, which is black ht/poxantfius, Forst.

{orhitalis, C).

— Production at apex of S abdomen as long as broad. Vertical area of ? quite

pale, and occiput merely dotted with black in its centre. Mesonotum with
widely separated black streaks ; scutellum pale, without black at apex, but
with a characteristic small black spot in the centre of its disc...

polyspilus, Forst.
{glutinosse, C).

19. Apical dorsal process of S abdomen longer than broad : scutellum partly pale.

Saw-sheath of ? (viewed from above) triangular and subacuminate, its base
being pretty wide (twice as wide as the short cerci), while its apex is narrow :
all specimens I have seen have the mesonotum streaked with black, but
according to Konow these streaks may be absent— there are always, however,
black marks between the insertions of the wings and the (pale) scutellum...

brevivalvis, Thorns.
{palliatus, C, croceus, ? , C, salicivorus, C).

— S with the apical dorsal process of abdomen shorter than broad : its scutellum

entirely black. Saw-sheath of $ narrow throughout 20.

20. Smaller (7 mill, long., or less). Interruption of the " frontal ridge " slight.

The ? pale, with little black on the head or abdomen : its saw-sheath very

narrow (hardly as broad even at the base as the cerci) f caprese, L.

{sylvestris, C).

— Larger (8—9 mill. long). Frontal ridge conspicuously broken. Ground colour

darker than in " caprex'' fading to a ruddy brown ; and the black markings

larger, especially on the abdomen above bergmanni, Dhlb.

(dorsatus, C).

21. Smaller species (4—6 mill. long.). Breast of 3 pale. Saw-sheath of ? narrow.

Occiput and thorax of ? immaculate. Dorsum of abdomen usually with a
double row of little black spots running along its longitudinal diameter...

testaceus, Thorns.
{Jlavescens, C).

134 ^^^^^>

— Larger (6 — 9 mill. long.). Breast of S black. Saw-sheath of ? (viewed from

above) broad (much broader than the cerci) 22.

22. Apical dorsal process of ^ abd. much shorter than broad. Saw-sheath of ?
about twice as broad as the eerci. Antennae of $ hardly longer than the
abdomen f fa^i, Zadd. {? gloftiamis, C).

— Apical dorsal process of ^ abd. longer than broad. Saw-sheath of ? very broad

(about four times as broad as Ihe cerci). Antennae of $ quite as long as the

abdomen and half the thorax miliaris, Panz.

(cadderensis, C, hergmanni, C, eroceus, g , C).

Amauronematus, Knw.

The species of this genus can usually be easily separated from
those of Pteronus by the duller and more strongly punctured meso-
notum and pleuras ; the shorter and stouter antennsD (seldom much
longer than the abdomen and usually entirely black) ; the more trian-
gular look of the face with its long tongue ; tlie long sticfma with its
rounded base and pointed apex ; and, in the ? ? , by the generally
much longer and stouter saw-shcath. In colour they resemble the
darker species of Pteronus^ being generally in great part black above
and more or less pale at the sides and beneath. Their usual ground-
colours are dull reds, browns, yellows, &c. ; and these, as in Pteronus,
sometimes result from the fading of hues which were green in the
living insects.

I have examined certainly British specimens (mostly from Scot-
land) of nine species, all of which have been verified as to their
identity by Herr Konow.

Cameron's Monograph enumerates seven, but of these Konow
considers histrio and glenelgensis to be identical, and placidus a
Lygcdonematus. Arcficus, C. (nee Thomson ?), is also probably not a
member of the present genus ; at any rate it can hardly be Thomson's
species, which is placed by the author in a section with " antennae
breves, dimidio corpore baud longiores," while in arcticus, C, the
antennae are said to be " nearly as long as the body." In vol. ii of
the Monograph arcticus is grouped with rumicis,?^. Pachynematus -, and
Konow has always considered it to be identical with that species.

Amauronematus was revised by Konow in Term. Fiiz., 1895, and
my tabulation following is chiefly founded on that paper, supplemented
by later notes of the same author on particular species, and by my
own examination, of specimens named by him. One of our species
(woWm, Knw.) does not appear in the Revision, having been first
described in 1902. (See Ent. Mo. Mag., March, 1905, p. 63).

1906.] 135

SYNOPTIC TABLE OF BRITISH AMAURONEMATUS spp.

1. c? with the last dorsal segment of abdomen moi*e corneous and projecting con-

siderably over the genitalia. 9 with the abdomen (viewed from above)
longly acuminate, being constricted gradually from about the 4th segment to
the apex : the saw-sheath (viewed laterally) is longer than or at least about
as long as the hind tibiae 2.

— S with last dorsal segment membranous, and scarcely projecting. Apical acu-

mination of ? abdomen shorter, commencing near the apex ; saw-sheath
never longer than the hind tibiae, generally evidently shorter 4.

2. Mesopleurae polished and shining, with fine remote punctures. Abdomen with

at least the middle segments entirely red above h'strio, Lep.

(histrio, glenelgensis, C).

— Mesopleurae closely punctured and subopaque. Abdomen black above, except at

the sides and apex, its ground colour rather brownish-ochreous than red... 3.

3. Larger species. Yertical area about as long as the scape of the antennae. Head

subquadrate, scarcely narrowed behind the eyes fallax, Lep.

(? hxmorrhoidah's, C).

— Smaller. Vertical area shorter, about as long as the first joint of the flagellum.

Head much narrowed behind the eyes mundus, Knw.

(? lonffiserra, C, nee Thorns,).

4. Cheeks very short, hardly as long as the first joint of the flagellum ..

viduatus, Zett.

— Cheeks decidedly longer 5.

5. Head thick, not narrowed behind the eyes 6.

— Head narrowed behind the eyes (its. sides converging almost rectilinearly)... 7.

6. Smaller (5—6 mill. long.). Abdomen in both sexes black, with only the apex

pale. Mesopleurae sub-opaque leucolenus, Zadd.

— Larger (8 — 10 mill. long.). Abdomen entirely testaceous, or black only above

(much resembling Pteronus miliari.t) Mesopleurae remotely punctured and
shining moricei, Knw.

7. <? with face (clypeus, &c.) and venter white. ? . Head and thorax mostly pale

(with black marks on mesonotum, &c.). Abdomen black above, pale on the
sides and beneath ; the colour green in life, but fading to a whitish- (or
sometimes reddish-) yellow vittatus, Lep.

— Darker, S clypeus black, and venter more or less obscure. ? for the most part

black, or nearly so, above and beneath, though the venter is more or less
streaked with whitish-yellow (also the thorax has a denser and longer
pubescence) 8.

8. Smaller (6 — 8 mill. long.). Third antennal joint evidently shorter than fourth.

Ventral apex of abdomen largely pale (yellowish) in both sexes, as are also
the prothorax, legs, sides of abdomen, tegulae, and stigma (at least in my own
specimens, though Thomson calls the stigma fuscous). Saw-sheath moderately
long and thick (wider, viewed dorsally, than in most species, and hardly pro-
jecting beyond the cerci) humeralis, Zett.

136 [Ju»e,

— Larger (7 — 9 mill. long.). Third and fourth antennal joints subequal. Ventral
apex quite black in <? , and nearly so in 9 , though obscurely reddish about
the base of the saw-sheath. The pale markings of the legs and body are
altogether much less conspicuous than in humeraHs : they are rather reddish-
brown than yellow, and the tegulae and stigma are distinctly fuscous. Saw-
sheath long, narrow, and pointed amplus, Knw.

FURTHER NOTE ON SUPPOSED BRITISH NEMATUS spp. (see p. 83).

Since my last paper was printed I have tried to clear up some
questions which it left unsolved by visiting South Kensington and
trying to find Mr. Cameron's types of caledonicus, nntennatus, &c.
The results are as follows : —

Auranfiacus. — I could find nothing so called. There is a label
bearing the name, but the space above it is blank.

Caledonicus, antennatus, v-flavum. — Each of these is represented
in the collection by a single ? ; but whether any of them is the real
type of Mr. Cameron's description I do not know.

" Caledonicus " of the collection seems to me to be what I ex-
pected, viz., acuminatus.

" Antennatus " is, I believe, a rather dark-headed specimen of
hilineatus. I carefully examined the clypeus and could not see that
it was in any way abnormal : it was certainly quite deeply excised.

" V-flavum " surprised me greatly. The specimen so called is
certainly not a Nematus in Konow's sense. It is, in fact, I have not
the least doubt, neither more nor less than a Dineura stilata ! But I
have no evidence, as said above, that this is the real type of v-flavum ;
and find it hard to believe that such can be the case.

(To he continued).

Stenus Jciesenwetteri, RosenJi., Sfc, at Chohham. — I was pleased to-day to take
four specimens of Stenus Jcie.semvetferi, Rosenh., in a fresh locality near Chobham,
not having seen it alive since 1877*. With it, in the Sphagnum, were iS. mela-
narius, Stepb., S. lustrafor, Er., Qymnusa hrevicollis, Payk., TacTiyporus tranaver-
salis, Grav., Philonthus lucens, Er., P. nigrita, Nordm., Anchomenus gracilis,
G-yll., &c. On the banks of a small stream near by, many common beetles were
met with, a few of which are perhaps worth noting, as Bemhidium obliquum, Sturm,
Homalota pavens, Er., Calodera riparia. Er., Tachguxa afra, Grav., T. constricta,
Er., T. flavitarsis, Sahib., ITyperasph reppenais, Herbst, &c. In the evening
odd specimens of various species were captured on the wing, as Bledius femoralis,

* Cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xv, pp. 203, 204 (1878).

]906.] 137

Gy\].* B. fracticoriiisj'Piiyk. {durk form), Acupaljjus brunnipes, Sturm (formerly
not rare in ihe Sphagnum), A. dorsalis, Fabr., and Tomicus laricis, Fabr. — 'G-EO.
C. Champion, Horsell, Woking : May 12th, 19u6.

Thyamis curta. All., as a British insect. — Mr. Newbery was unaware when
writing (Ent. Mo. Mag., xlii, p. 87) of the Isle of Man specimens supposed to
be this insect, that I had various others returned to me some months back by
M. Bedel as undoubtedly T. curta, so that we can still claim it as British. The
species occurred here in profusion in October, 1904, on a piece of uncultivated land,
much overgrown with Myosotis, upon which I think there is a great probability
that it was feeding. I only, however, netted a small series, not recognising any-
thing very special in my capture at the time ; stray examples have also been
found near Tring.

T. curta may be distinguished from T. atriceps by its paler colour, and by the
punctuation of the elytra not being quite so deep. My specimens have the suture
of the elytra slight ly rufescent, and the apex only of the femora pitchy or rufescent,
whereas these parts in T. atriceps are usually wholly black, or at all events dark
brown, and the tibi^ also. - E. Gr. Elliman, Chesham, Bucks. : 3Iay 1st, 1906.

Melanic Coleoptera in South Devon. — In the valley of the Dart, at Buckfast,
whilst sweeping in an orchard on September 9th, 19u5, I took a specimen of Lema
cyanella, L. {lichenis; Voet), entirely black and with comparatively dull surface.
Search for more was unsuccessful, nor did a single ordinary example occur.
Appai-ently a black form of this beetle is not uncommon in France, as M. Bedel in
his " Coleopteres du Bassin de la Seine," vol. v, p. 384, gives the colours of the
species thus : " bleu d'acier, verdatre ou noir." In the valley of the Walkham, in
October, 19u5, from moss on trees, I obtained four dark specimens of Paramecosoma
melanocephalum, Hbst. These would appear to be very unusual, as Canon Fowler,
Col. Brit. Islands, vol. iii, p. 328, says, " This species may be easily known by its
colour, which is very bright when it is alive." One of my examples has the elytra
quite black, concolorous with the head and thorax ; the three others are almost
black. On reference to my collection soon after the capture, I was surprised to
find that I already possessed two pitchy specimens from the same locality, taken so
far back as May, 1891, as well as one from Mary Tavy, and another from the Meavy
Valley, taken in 1901. The femora are proportionately darkened, and in the
entirely black specimen the tibiae are red at their bases and gradually darken to
their apices. Mr. Champion tells me that there is a certain amount of variation in
colour amongst the very large number of examples he has seen from Aberdeen and
Scarborough, some of them being entirely testaceous, but none are so dark as mine.

I have also captured in the Plymouth district two rather small examples of
Pria dtt'camarse, Scop., extremely dark in colour. They occurred separately in
July and August, 1905, at localities several miles apart. The August specimen is
the darker, and is so nearly unicolorous that the usual sutural marking is scarcely
to be detected.— James H. Keys, Morwell, Lipson Road, Plymouth : May 6th, 1906.

Mimetic resemblance between Labia minor and Lithocharis ochracea. — At Yel-
verton, near Plymouth, in July, 1905, I found the earwig, Labia minor, swarming

My son also caught a specimen of this species on the wing on the same day at Blackheath,
near Guildford.

M

188 [J^^ne,

in a heap of rubbish, consisting of old hedge trimmings, &c., and the remains (bones
and wool) of a long deceased sheep ; the flesh had quite disappeared, but the entire
heap was highly impregnated with a highly cadaveric flavour. Associated with the
earwigs I had the satisfaction of taking for the first time in any quantity a dozen
or more of the Staphylinid, Lithocharis ochracea, Grr. Both these insects are con-
sidered to be common and are perliaps not worth recording as captures merely, but
what seemed very remarkable to me at the time was the strikingly similar coloration
of the two insects, and finding them thus in company it seemed desirable to note
the fact.— Id. : Mai/, 1906.

Eumicrus rufas, MilU., at Hendon. — Since the capture of the historic specimen
of Eumicrus rufus which I took in 1882, as recorded in Fowler's British Coleoptera
(see also Ent. Mo. Mag., xix, pp. 190, 198), I have never met with the species again
until this Easter, when I had the good iortune to find a colony of them in a manure
heap at Hendon. This is a new locality for the insect, and the habitat is somewhat
unusual. According to Fowler it is usually found " under bark and in rotten stumps
with ants." Mr. Donisthoi'pe and others have, however, taken some examples in
wood-stack refuse (see Ent. Mo. Mag., xxx, pp. 136, 276), and now the manure heap
must be added to the list. The only other thing of any importance from the same
heap was the interesting blind beetle, Aglenus brunneus, GrylL, of which I obtained
a fair number. — E. A. Btjtlbr, 53, Tollington Park, N. : May drd, 1906.

Procas armillatus, F., near Dartford. — While collecting near Dartford with
my friend, Mr. K. A. K. Priske, on April 13th, I had the good fortune to pick up
on a dusty road a specimen of this extremely scarce weevil j it had evidently been
flying, as the extremities of the wings were protruding from the elytra. Although
it has been known as British for a considerable period, Procas armillatus has always
been a rare insect, and there appears to be only one modern record, namely, that of
Mr. J. J. Walker, who took a specimen in a tuft of grass on Darland Hill, Chatham,
on March ilth, 1896 i^cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., Ser. 2, vol. vii, p. 112). It is interesting
to note that the spot in which I took my specimen is only about 14 miles from the
Chatham locality, and therefoi'e in practically the same district. — F. B. Jennings,
152, Silver Street, Upper Edmonton, N. : May 1st, 1906.

Gerris canaUum, I)uf.,=^najas of authors. — Last year I recorded (Ent. Rec, p.
47) abundance of this species on the canal at Marple, Cheshire, in September, 1904.
I think it worth further record that last September the species was again plentiful in
the same locality, and I had the good fortune to capture two specimens of the rare
macropterous form. — OscAB Whittaker, 39, Clarendon Road, Whalley Range,
Manchester: April 17 th, 1906.

Perinephele lancealis, Schiff"., in the Isle of Purheck. — On July 15th last, at
6.50 p.m., I disturbed, and had the great satisfaction of securing, in a dry, sandy,
Scotch fir wood in this neighbourhood, a fine male specimen of Perinephele lancealis.
This remarkably local species has never before been met with in the Isle of Purbeck,
and has only once previously been taken within the confines of Dorset, the late
Mr. C. W. Dale having found it, in 1901, at Q-lanvilles Wootton, in the north-western
portion of the county, and, as the crow flies, about twenty-three miles away, as

1906.] ]39

recorded by liim in Ent. Mo. Mag., Ser. 2, xii, p. 27^. My capture interested me
all the more because it was my first acquaintance with P. lancealis " in the flesh,"
and becaus<e I had given up all hope of discovering it in the district, which has
been closely worked dui'ing the last forty years,* the wood in question, with its
environs, having received special attention, and being the very last spot where one
would have expected to see it. The food-plant of the larva, Eupatorium carina-
binut?i, does not grow inside the wood, but occurs in a damp hollow just outside it,
and about one hundred and fifty yards from where the insect was flushed. —Eustace
R. Bankes, Norden, Corfe Castle : February 2Uh, 1906.

Polia Jlavicincta, Fab., var. meridionalis, Bdv., in South Devon. — It seems
worthy of record that all the specimens of Polia flavicincta that I have taken on
the South Devon coast, where the species has been met with not uncommonly on the
Old Red Sandstone, are referable to var. meridional is, which is so local in Britain
that Mr. J. W. Tutt, in " The British Noctuse and their Varieties," vol. iii, p. 48
(1892), wrote of it, — " This form only occurs in one British locality to my know-
ledge, viz., at Huddersfield, whence I have received it from Mr. Porritt." I was
much surprised on first meeting with this handsome dark variety in South Devon,
where one naturally expects unusually light forms, and the more so because all the
Dorset and Somerset examples that I have seen have been quite typical. One, how-
ever, of a few specimens befoi'e me, taken at Hitchin, Herts, is var. meridionalis ,
and this form has also been received from Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk, where Mr.
F. Norgate informs me that he has taken it in about equal numbers with the typical
one. — Id.

[My own experience is that meridionalis is the only form of Polia Jlavicincta
which occurs on the South Devon coast, as it is at Huddersfield. — G. T. P.]

Tortrix unifasciana, Bup. : a domestic tragedy .'—On June 30th last, when
entering my house at 9.45 p.m., I happened to notice, at rest on the outer part of
one of the front doorposts, a specimen of Tortrix unifasciana that appeared, at a
casual glance, to have an extraordinarily long abdomen. It was therefore duly
boxed, and, on examination, proved to be a female, to which was attached, in copu-
lation, the abdomen of a male individual, whose other portions were only con-
spicuous by their entire absence, nor could they be found anywhere near. The
abdomen of the male had been severed at its junction with the thorax, the severance
having been apparently caused, not by any bite, but by some strong pulling force-
perhaps a powerful spider or some such foe— and it seems astonishing that any force
sufficiently great to wrench the abdomen from the thorax should not have caused
the male to part from the female at the natural point of separation instead. The
ferns tvas killed and set, and has been kept (with the male abdomen projecting,
exac as when found, in a straight line behind her) as a silent witness to a terrible
dor ,ic tragedy ! — Id., April 7th, 1906.

htes on Epiblema sordidana, Eb. : a correction. — I much regret to find that
.si ,he final " revise" of my notes on this species, published antea, pp. 101 — 105, left
m lands, the date following the address on p. 105 has, by some mistake, been
a jd from " 1905 " to " 1906." This has unfortunately affected some of the preceding

M 2

140 [June,

statements, e.g., "June 9th last " (p. 102) and " August 12th to October 19th last "
(p. 104), making it appear that the larv?e under observation were collected, and the
moths bred, in 1905, whereas this really took place in 1904, as was clearly shown so
long as the date, as written by me and as printed in the " revise " before me, stood
as "January 16th, 1905." The change has also made my " Supplementary Note"
(pp. 105 — 106) an absurdity, for it is obvious that if my original notes had been
only made on larvae collected on June 9th, 1905, I could hardly have added a
supplementary one regarding larvae collected on May 5th, 1905 " ! Will readers
please alter " 1906," on p. 105, to " 1905 " ?— Id., May ^th, 1906.

The host of Nomada soUdaginis. — With i-eference to Mr. Frisby's note on this
subject in this month's Ent. Mo. Mag., I may mention that in West Perthshire
during August and September, 1902, Nomada soUdaginis was common in a number
of localities ; and I noticed -that it always occurred where there w.is a colony of
Andrena fuscipes. Other species — A. cetii (dark variety) for instance — might or
might not also be present. On September 11th, near Strathyre, I saw one of these
Nomadas enter a burrow, which I thereupon dug up, securing the intruder (a ? ),
and a female Andrena fuscipes. Both specimens were shown shortly afterwards to
Mr. E. Saunders, who informed me that he had previously heard of the association
of these two species from Mr. Perkins. — William Evans, 38, Morningside Park,
Edinburgh : April 30th, 1906.

Formieoxenus nitidulus, Nyl., in the Northumberland and Durham district. —
At a recent Meeting of the Entomological Society of London, April 4th, 1906 {vide
Ent. Mo. Mag., xlii, p. 120) I notice that "Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe exhibited
specimens of the very rare ant, Formieoxenus nitidulus, $ , found in a nest of Formica
rufa at Weybridge during the pi-esent month. Mr. A. J. Chitty said he had taken
a single ? of the species in the Blean Woods, Kent, and the Rev. F. D. Morice
reported it common in Switzerland, where he had taken examples of all three sexes
abnndantly."

Tt is a pleasure to give this interesting little ant a place in the faunistic lists of
Northumberland and Durham. Last month, whilst working the huge nests of For-
mica rufa which are so abundant in the extensive Tynedale pine woods near Hexham
and Corbridge, Formieoxenus nitidulus was taken in some numbers ; it occurred
in every "hill " examined, and was found to be most plentiful where the wood-
ants were " massing." It remains for me to thank Mr. E. Saunders for so kindly
examining my captures. — Richard S. Baqnall, Winlaton-on-Tyne : 3Iay 12, 1906.

A correction. — In the last No., page 117, lines 4 and 9, the word Platyna
should read Platyura. Since writing my notes a friend has written to say he thinks
the black-bodied one is P. semirufa^ Mg., and I shall be glad if others who have
received specimens can confirm this. — F. C. Adams, Ashley Grardens, S.W. :
May, 1906.

Fntomology at the forthcoming 3IeHing of the British Association — At the
Meeting of the British Association to be held this year at York (August 1st to 8th)
it is proposed that there shall be an Exhibition of British Lepidoptera illustrating

1906.] 141

Melanism. The Organizing Committee of the Zoological Section invite those who
are willing to take part to communicate with L, Doncaster, Zoological Laboratory,
Cambridge, stating the species and number of specimens which they are prepared
to send. It is hoped that a paper on Melanism will be read at the Meeting by Mr.
G. T. Porritt, of Hudderj^field. who has devoted much attention to the subject in
his district, and that it will be followed by a discussion. — Eds.

©biluanj.

The Rev. Edward Carteret Dobree Fox, 31. A. — It was with great regret that
we heard of the death of the Rev. E. C. Dobree Fox, which took place, during the
past winter, at about the age of three score years. His undergraduate days were
spent at Exeter College, Oxfoi'd, and, having taken his B.A. degree in 1872, he pro-
ceeded to that of M.A. three years later. Ordained as Deacon in 1873, and Priest
in the following year, he was Curate, successively, of Ticknall, Derbyshire, Alsager's
Bank, Staffordshire, and Castle Moreton, Worcestershire, and being appointed Vicar
of the last-named parish in 1881, he held the living until the time of his death.
Mr. Dobree Fox was an energetic and successful collector of the British Macro-
Lepidoptera, and such prizes as Xylomiges conspicillaris, Dasycampa rubigluea,
Xylina semihrunnea, and Eupitheda consigaata, rewarded his efforts in the Castle
Moreton district at various times. His summer holiday was usually spent in some
specially-favoured locality, and in the course of his visits to South Devon, Leucania
vitellina, L. alblpuncta, Laphygma exigua, and Hellothis peltigera, were among
the rare species that he was fortunate enough to secure. Many notes from our
friend's pen, relating to his collecting experiences in general, and some of his most
interesting captures in particular, are scattered through the pages of " The Entomo-
logist's Record." He amassed a fairly large collection, which has just been dispersed
by auction.— Eustace R. Bankes.

Leon Fairmaire. — The death is announced of this veteran French Entomolo-
gist, on April 1st, aged 86. He was Honorary President of the Societe Entomo-
logique de France, having joined that Society in 1842 ; and Honorary Member of
the Belgian and various other Societies. His first paper was published in the
French " Annales " for 1843, on " Trois nouvelles especes d'Insectes de I'Oceanie "
(Coleoptera), and the last in 1905, entitled " Description de Coleopteres Hete'ro-
meres de la Republique Argentine" The innumerable memoirs, mostly descrip-
tive, written by him were mainly devoted to Coleoptera, though in the list of
Members of the French Society he is quoted as a specialist in Hymenoptera and
Semiptera. His " Faune Entomologique Fran^aise," written in conjunction with
Dr. A. Laboulbene, containing concise descriptions of the Coleoptera of France, is
well known to British Entomologists ; it was never finished. Tome I (1854),
including the Geodephaga, water-beetles, Claoicornia and Staphylinidx only.

The South London Entomological and Natueal Histoey Society :
Thursday, April I2tk. — Mr. R. Adkin, President, in the Chair.
Mr. L. W. Newman, of Bexley, was elected a Member.

142 [June,

Mr. Main exhibited a large piece of G-um Anime from West Africa, and called
attention to the numerous insecls, chiefly Coleoptera, enclosed in it. Mr. Edwards, a
number of species of the Nymphaline genus, Megalura, from South America, together
with BrassoJis astpra from Brazil. Mr. H. Moore, immature examples of two
species of Mantis from South Africa, and read notes on their habits. He also gave
an account of a European Mantis he had kept alive for some time. Mr. Adkin, a
bred series of Mela>>ippe fluctuata, from Wantage, with the female parents. The
latter were large and strongly marked, while the progeny were small and very
ordinary. He also showed specimens of Cramhus tristellus (1) almost albino, from
Pembroke ; (2) dark, from Perth ; and (3) with two transverse lines, from Orkney ;
all from the Barrett Collection. Mr. Main, a nymph of Periplaneta am&ricana,
which was about to change to the perfect stage. Mr. Turner read a Paper by
Mr. A. J. Croker and himself on a number of species taken by Mr. Croker in Assini-
boia, Canada, and exhibited among other species Pontia protodlce, Argynnis la>s,
Srentkif bellona, Colias euriftheme and vars., C. philodice, Erebia epipsodea,
Satyrus alope var. nephele, Lyvxna antiacis, L. dsedalus, Coenonympha pamphilus,
Phyciodes ismeria, &c.

Thursday, April 2^th. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. W. Payne, of Clapham ; Mr. P. Brown, of Balham ; and Mr. D. Peyler, of
Clapham ; were elected Members.

Mr. Kaye, the living larvae of Orgyia gonostigma, and gave notes on their
hibernation. Mr. Moore, a number of species of Lepidoptera from Natal, in-
cluding Baphnis verii, Agrius convolvuli, Hippotion celerio, &c. Mr. Edwards,
a box of Lepidoptera from British North Borneo, and called attention to several
species much resembling those of Great Britain. Mr. Adkin, a number of series of
Aglais urticx, to point out the lines of variation shown by the species. In doing
so he referred to the broods and series brought by IVlessrs. Harrison, Main, Turner,
and others. Messrs. Harrison, Adkin, Bellamy, Kaye, Sich, Edwards, West, and
Ashby, then made remarks on the season to date. — Ht. J. Turner, Ron. Secretary,

Entomological Society of London: Wednesday, May 2nd, 1906.— Mr. F.
Merrifield, President, in the Chair.

The decease was announced of M. Leon Fairmaire, the distinguished French
Entomologist, who died on April 1st 1906, aged 86 years.

Commander J. J. Walker showed fourteen examples of both sexes of Hystri-
chopsyUa ialpds, Curtis, the largest British flea, taken in the nest of a field-mouse in
a tuft of grass at Grange, near Gosport, Hants, on March 28th last. Mr. G. C.
Champion, living specimens of Apate capucina, Deiius fugax, a Cryptocephalus
(rugicoIUs), two species of Anthaxia, &c., forwarded by Dr. J". A. Chapman from
Ste. Maxime, South France. Mr. F. B. Jennings, an example of the weevil, Procas
armillatus, F., taken near Dartford, Kent, on April 13th last, a species extremely
scarce in Britain, and with the exception of a single specimen taken near Chatham
by Commander Walker in 1896, not recorded from this country for a considerable
period. Mr. M. Jacoby, a box of beetles from New Guinea, including Aesernia
meeki, Jac, A. costata, Jac, A. gestroi, Jac, and Cetoniadx and Lucanidae from

1906.] 143

South Africii and Buriioo. Mr. IT. St. J. Doiiisthorpi", a specimen of Tlydrochits
nitidkoUix, Muls., a beetle not hitherto recorded from Britain, taken in the Kiver
Meavy in April. Kev. t. D. Morice, lantern slide photographs (from nature) of
the $ 'calcaria postica ' in JI{,iiieiwpfera belonging to diver.-* groui)s, mostly Aculeates,
but including also representatives of the Chrysids, Ichneumonids, and Saw Hies.
lie submitted that, in all the examples shown, the structure of the calcaria them-
selves (and also of the parts adjacent to them) clearly indicated that their main
function was that of an elaborately-constructed instrument for toilet purposes.
Dr. Dixey, specimens of M/jlothris agathina. Cram., and of Belenois thysa, Hopff.,
pointing out that the close resemblance between these species obtained chiefly in
the dry-season form of the latter, and not in the wet. He considered this to be a
fresh illustration of the special liability to the attacks of enemies experienced under
dry-season conditions; leading in some cases to the adoption of a cryptic coloration,
and in others, as here, to mimicry of a protected form such as M. agalhina.
Professor E. B. Poulton, F.R.S., communicated a critical paper of ' The Late
Professor Packard's Paper on the Markings of Organisms," by Mr. H. Eltringham,
M.A., F.Z.S., and cordially supported the views of the author. Mr. Edward
Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S., contributed a paper " On the Genus Imma, Walk. {^^ToHri-
comorpha, Feld.)." — H, Rowland Beown, Hon. Secretary.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVA AND PUPA OF ARISTOTELIA
PALUsTliELLA, Dgl.

BY EUSTACE E. BANKES, M.A., F.E.S.

Ill Ent. Mo. Mag., ^Ser. 2, xv, 278 (1904), the late Mr. Charles G.
Barrett contributed some interesting notes on the larva of Aristotelia
{'' Doryphora'') palustrella, Dgl., but since these were neither so full
nor so definite as could have been wished, and since he only described
it from "a carefully executed drawing," instead of from nature, I
venture, with the approval of Mr. William Purdey, who discovered
the life-history, and of Mv. Sydney Webb, w^ho supplied Mr. Barrett
with the drawing, to offer the following description of the larva, and
to add one of the undescribed pupa. The former was made, on June
2nd last, from two larvae (c?,?), apparently in their final instar,
received with a few others, on May 31st, from Mr. W. Purdey, who
had collected them at Folkestone.

LARVA.

Length, when moderately stretched, 14 ram. Greatest breadth, '1 mm. Read
rather flattened, polished, deep orange, much narrower than the prothorax ; upper
mouth-parts blackish ; ocelli distinct, black. Frothoracic plate rather large, polished,
bisected by a narrow whitish line, and variable in colour, being pale brownish-
ochreous, narrowly margined with dark brown, in the J , and dark raw-umber, lightly
marked with black, especially round the posterior margin, in the $ example, but it
is highly improbable that the variation in the colour of this plate is in any way

144 [June, 1906.

reallj sexual. 'J'he thorax and abdomen together form a stout cjlindrical mass, hardly
narrower towards the head, but tapering rather abruptly near the anal extremity;
in colour they are wliite, with the lines, which consist of a moderately broad dorsal
one, flanked on either side by a very broad subdorsal, and a rather broad subspiracular
one, dull crimson, and conspicuous ; these lines are all continuous, but none of them
are of even width throughout, for they display in their course many small projections
and irregularities ; they are rather paler, and less well pronounced, on the thorax
than on the abdomen. Skin smooth, but not glossy ; segmental divisions clearly
defined. In the S the embryo testes show through the back of the fifth abdominal
segment as a dark internal blotch. Tuhercles brown, polished, mostly of moderate size.
Spiracles minute, circular, white, ringed w^ith black. Anal plate polished, dingy
pale ochreous, with the underlying frass in the cloaca showing through the anterior
part of the plate as a dark brown blotch. Hairs and bristles brown, mostly short
and inconspicuous. Ventral stirf ace, and prolegs, white. Z/*?^.? polished, raw-uraber.

Other larvae were examined whenever they were found out of
their burrows ; these were all more or less well-grown, and the only
variation shown was in the colour of the prothoracic, and, to a less
degree, of the anal plate. On a careful comparison of Mr. Barrett's
description with the living larvae, the most important differences
proved to be that he gives the body as "flesh-colour," and the "sub-
dorsal lines" (in which term he presumably includes the subspiracular
lines as well), as "much broken," whereas, in all the larvae seen, one
of which was preserved for referenc(?, the former was most decidedly
while, without even a tinge of flesh-colour, and the latter were dis-
tinctly continuous, though with very irregular margins. I totally failed
to find any trace of the "two orange dots at the edges of the dorsal
line " on each segment, which Mr. Barrett mentions.

The larva, at any rate in its later stages, lives inside, and feeds on,
the rootstock of Rumeoc crispus, L., throwing out from the end of a
silken gallery, that projects for an appreciable distance beyond the
mouth of the burrow, its ochreous-brown or reddish-brown frass, of
which a heap is generally seen adhering to the exterior of the gallery.
It is spoken of by Mr. Barrett, in a general way, as " mining in the
stem, eating the pith and leaving its excrement in the hollowed space,"
but this can only be true of it in its earliest stages if Mr. Purdey's
opinion, which Mr. Barrett himself quotes, is correct, that the larva,
on hatching, mines down the stem, and after reaching " the crown of
the root" before the winter, continues to feed therein until "becoming
full-grown by June." It is, however, not always full-fed so early, for
last year the larva was unusually late in feeding up, and Mr. Purdey
and I both found that certain individuals did not become full-fed
until the very end of July.

July, 1906.] ]^45

Some of the rootstocks, when received, certainly contained two,
if not more, larvae apiece, and these afterwards readily moved from
one rootstock to another, as occasion required. On the contents of
the tin, in which they were forwarded, being unpacked, two individuals
were found out of their burrows, and one of these had evidently just
been feeding on a leaf of B. crispus, and had eaten a good-sized hole
right through it. The food- plant is given by Mr, Barrett as being
"common dock {JRumex),'' but, this term being equally applicable to
any one of the various common species of dock, I succeeded, after con-
siderable trouble, in getting it identified by the distinguished botanists,
the Eevs. E. S. Marshall and E. P. Murray. It seems surprising that
the larva of this extremely local species, believed, for over half-a-century
to be true to its specific name and quite confined to boggy places, should
have at length been discovered in a dry spot, away from any marsh
(though there is water near at hand), and feeding upon a plant that
is common in dry situations, although it may be found in wet ones
as well.

PUPA.

The following description was made, on July 20th last, from a
pupa resulting from one of the Folkestone larvae mentioned above : —

Length, 7 mm. Greatest breadth, 1"75 mm. Kather cylindrical, with the
abdomen tapering slightly towards, and abruptly at, the anal extremity. Segmental
divisions clearly defined. Skin smooth and polished, with only a few very short
and inconspicuous hairs. Head, in which the eyes show through as large black spots,
and thorax, dark orange-brown. Antenna!-, leg-, and ioing-cascs, with clearly-defined
margins (especially so in these last), smooth, polished, orange-brown, all reaching to
the middle of the sixth abdominal segment. Abdomen brownish-orange, rather
more strongly tinged with brown posteriorly. Spiracles conspicuous, having the
appearance of small, pale, brown-ringed dots. Anal extremity terminating dorsally
in a short horn-like blackish knob, near which are a few rather long, hooked, orange
bristles, and bearing a strong crescent of similar bristles ventrally. The "free"
abdominal segments are the fifth and sixth.

The pupa gradually becomes darker in colour as the time for
emergence approaches.

In every instance the cocoon was made, not in the crown of the
root where they are said to (/. c.) be found as a rule, but in a chamber
formed among the young leaves and stems that had sprouted there-
from after the shoot had been cut off, and had then died away : this
chamber was smoothly but sparingly lined with closely-spun tough
white silk, which [had much the appearance of tiosue paper. One
cocoon proper, i.e., with the external coating of vegetable refuse left
out of account, measured 13'5 mm. long, by about 3 mm. broad.

]46 tJ"iy'

The moths, eleven in number, appeared July 13th to August 27th,
accompanied bj many minute parasitic flies awaiting identification.
My only observations relating to the time of emergence were that one
imago was found with its wings dry, and another with them hardly
dry, at 7*5 a.m., neither having been out at 11 p.m. on the previous
night. Both sexes show much variation in size, and a certain amount
in colour, for although the pale ground-colour is remarkably constant
throughout the fifty specimens, from various English localities, before
me, some of them are much more heavily shaded and streaked with
deep fuscous and black than others.

Norden, Corfe Castle:
January 30M, 1906.

NOTES ON CERTAIN PAL^ARCTIC SPECIES OP THE GENUS

SEMEROBIUS :

THE MADEIRA-CANARIAN SPECIES ALLIED TO H. HUMULI,

AND OTHER SPECIES FROM THE SAME ISLANDS.

BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.E.S.

Shortly before his death, Mr. McLachlan had in view the publica-
tion of a paper on that species of Hemerohiiis which occurs in Madeira
and the Canary Islands, sometimes called H. humuli^ but which has
long been known to possess at least four sectors instead of the
normal number of three found in H. liumuU proper. Thanks to the
Eev. Mr. Eaton, further material, including the ^ , had been put into
Mr. McLachlan's hands, and the latter had arrived at the conclusion
that the insect was quite distinct as a species from H. Tiumuli. At
his request I prepared figures of the appendages, which quite
supported Mr. McLachlan's views on the subject. These figures,
unfortunately, are not now available, but Mr. Eaton, who again col-
lected in Teneriffe and Madeira in the spring of 1904, has kindly
presented to me a series of the insect in good condition, thus enabling
me to describe the species. Before doing so, it may be desirable to
allude briefly to the previous references to the insect.

The species was, I presume, first taken by Wollaston, and is
noticed by Hagen in Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. ii, p. 60, 1865. Hagen at
first was uncertain whether the specimen would not form a distinct
species, but he failed to find any difference, beyond the greater num-
ber of sectors, separating it from H. liumuU. "The colours, facies
and markings," he says, "are absolutely identical."

1906,]

147

Brauer (Sitzungsbericht der Kais. Academie der Wissenschaften
in Wien, Mathem-naturw. Clusse, Bd. cix, Abtli. i, July, 1900) report-
ing on the Neuroptera found in the Canaries by Prof. 0. Simony,
practically accepts the species as H. liumidi^ remarking on the greater
number of sectors.

McLachlan (Journal of Lin. Soc, Zool., vol. xvi, p. 162, 1882)
refers to three $ (Madeira, Wollaston, one $ , probably that men-
tioned by Hagen ; near Funchal, 19th November, Eaton, one ? ;
Orotava, Teneriffe, 15th December, Eaton, one ?). He ])oints out
the difference in the number of sectors, mentioning the presence of
five in one anterior wing and a slightly different facies, but he adds
that it would not be prudent to give a new* name without seeing the
c^, at that time unknown.

I now describe the species as

Hemeeoeius eatoni, n. sp.

Dusky yellow with the sides of the thorax broadly blackish-brown, traces of
brown also on the sides of the head above ; cheeks brown to black ; palpi sometimes
blackish ; antennse yellowish with annulations of very variable distinctness. Abdo-
men sometimes showing traces of the thoracic yellow on the proximal segments,
otherwise blackish or brown above, paler beneath. Legs pale, the tarsi rarely
annulated. Anterior wings broad-oval, apex obtuse, costal margin not abruptly
broader at the base ; sub-basal spot, as a rule, distinct, with one or two other con-
spicuous spots on the same nervure ; origin of the sectors also distinctly spotted :
sectors four or five ; gradate nervules dark, clouded with greyish ; dorsal and outer
margins clouded with gi-ey ; neuration regularly, and usually rather closely,
interrupted with fine dark points whence arise faint, angulate grey markings. Ap-
pendages similar to those of H. hwnull except that the upper limb of the fork
terminates in a simple point. Expanse, 15 — 17'5 mm.

Teneriffe : La Laguna, 25.11, $ ; Giiimar, 20.III, ^ ; Las

Mercedes, Eorest de la Mina, 29.III,
^ ; Cruz de A fur, Eorest de la Mina,
5.1Y, cJand ? ; Forest de la Mina,
9.1 V, S.

The figure shows the apex of the

abdomen seen from the side.

"^-^^^ — ~-y^^:^^ m,/ / The species has the form of H.

__$^^~~~^ / Jr liumuli, but in the character of the

^^^.-'-^^^^^ jr^''{ markings it mucb more resembles H.

orotypus^ Wall., but is not so grey-
looking, the wings having a faint
yellowish tinge.

N 3

148 [July,

Hemerobius suhnehulosus, Steph, — This species is not mentioned
in McLachlan's 1882 paper, but is recorded by him from Madeira,
Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxxv, p. 79, 1899. Mr. Eaton has given it to me
from Funehal and Canical in Madeira. It is perhaps worthy of
remark that H. nervosus is not mentioned by McLachlan in 1899 as
occurring in Madeira or the Canaries, while in 1882 he recorded it
from both groups, with the caution, however, that he had seen only
the $ from Madeira, and even with regard to the (^ J" seen (Brulle's
type of H. hirtus and one taken by AVolhiston) from the Canaries, he
leaves the matter in a little uncertainty, the appendages having been
in a position unsuitable for their examination. One specimen of H.
nervosus is recorded by Brauer without indication as to its sex. Fresh
material of H. nervosus is desirable.

Hemerohius stigma, Steph. — One $ from Monte, Eunchal, 13.IV.
This species is not referred to by the above-named authors.

McLachlan records Hemerohius elegans, Stephens, from Grand
Canary (Eaton), a strongly marked example. A small Hemerolius of
the size of H. elegans was taken by Mr. Eaton at Eunchal, 14.1 V,
1904. It is probably a new species but I hesitate to describe it until
I have seen more material of this and other allied forms

13, Blackford Road,
Edinburgh :

Mayy 1906.

PSEUDISOBRACHIUM CANTIANU3I:
A SPECIES OF BETEYLINM CPROCTOTRYPIDM) NEW TO SCIENCE.

ET ARTHUR J. CHITTT, M.A., F.E.S.

Apterous. Mouth situate at anterior extremity of the head. Antennae with 13
joints. Ocelli wanting. Eyes indistinct. No scutellum. Mesothorax with 3 lobes.
Metathorax narrowed into a neck at base, distinct from the mesothorax.
Metanotum without a channel and with the posterior angles rounded. Inter-
mediate tibiae spined externally. (The above characters are generic, and are only
given by me to show they have not been overlooked).

Head oblong, wider in front than behind, and narrowed before posterior
angles which are slightly rounded ; distinctly and rather closely punctured, more
closely at the sides than on the disc ; smooth between the punctures (except quite
in front where the surface appears rugulose), with scattered pale hairs which ai*e
more visible on the margins than on the disc. Mandibles long when closed, forming
a semicircular protection to the trophi, slightly hairy. Eyes unicolorous with
head and difficult to see. Antennae inserted between the base of mandibles on
depressions in front of the head, these depressions being separated by a very lino

1906.] 149

high ridge, let joint (scape) as long as the next five or six, arcuate, the curve
beneath ending at two-thirds of the lengtli of the joint in a very small tooth, hairy.
2nd joint obconic, longer than wide at apex. 3rd joint widened at apex; this and
the remaining joints are not, so far as I can make out, truly rounded (terete), and
fi'ora one aspect the 8th joint appears to be the widest, distinctly wider than base of
the 9th, while from another aspect the margins of the joints are continuous. The
3rd to the 12th joints are all transverse and hairy at apex. 13th joint about as
long as two preceding, rather abruptly rounded at apex. Prothorax with pro-
notum slightly hairy, the hairs being fine and pale, contracted into a neck in front,
square behind, with two slightly raised round spaces, hardly pimples, at posterior
angles, smooth on disc, punctured at sides and anteriorly ; alutaceous between
the punctures and posteriorly. Mesothorax at greatest width slightly wider
than prothorax, but shorter than it, with 3 lobes ; the central lobe narrowed
into a narrow neck behind, to which the metathorax is joined ; smooth on disc,
punctured and alutaceous at sides, with a few pale hairs ; the outline of the meso-
tliorax, as a whole, narrows behind, but the side lobes are wider behind where they
project than in front ; they arc alutaceous with a few hairs and scattered punc-
tures. The metathorax is about as long as the mesothorax. It widens rapidly at
base to about the width of the middle lobe of the mesothorax, when its outline
curves gently and then contracts to a narrow pedicel, its sculpture similar to the
central lobe of the mesothorax.

Abdomen ovate, with outstanding pale hairs ; widest at apex of 2nd segment.
1st segment rapidly widening, about as long as 2nd, and longer than the remaining
segments. 3rd, 4th, and 5th segments each with an emarginate plate in the centre,
so that at first sight the abdomen appears to have three segments more than is really
the case. The structnre of these plates is not easy to follow, and I am not
prepared to say for certain that they are more than a thickening of the chiton at
the base of the segments, leaving a depressed area at the apex. Legs hairy, inter-
mediate tibise spined ; 1st pair of legs with femora and 1st joint of tarsi curved ;
there are strong spines at the end of the 1st joint of the front tarsi which is long
and thickened ; the four posterior legs have the coxiie large and visible from above
the femora, swollen, the intermediate femora with the outline curved beneath, the
hind femora with the outline curved above ; coloured like a pale specimen of Ponera
contracta, brown, with legs, antennae, head in front of antennae, trophi, except
mandibles and the apices of the segments of the abdomen, paler. Length
about 3*5 mm.

Habitat : iu nest and runs of Fonera contracta, one specimen
taken by me at Charing, Kent, on Auorust 3rd, 1903.

While collecting with Mr. Morlej at Charing, Kent, on August
2nd, 1903, I captured a small insect under the impression that it was
a specimen of Fonera contracta. On getting home it proved not to
be an aculeate, but an extraordinary looking little insect belonging
to some genus allied to Scleroderma of Westwood, a genus belonging
to the family Bethylince, among the Proctotrypidcd. It appeared also
to agree with the genus given by Ashmead in his Monograph of the

150 ' [July.

North American Proctotrypidce of the ? of Isohrachium (Forst.),
myrmecopliilum, Ashm. The recent appearance of the earlier
portions of vol. ix of " Andre's Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe
and d'Algerie enables me to place the insect in the genus Fs&udiso-
hracliium, Kieff. {Isobracliium, Ashm., nee Forst., the true genus
Isohracliium, Forst., has a winged ? , the type being, according to
Ashmead, 0 mains fuscicornis^ Nees, but there seems to me to be some
mistake about this type). The genus Pseudisohracliium contains,
according to Kieffer, 15 species, of which 7 are North American,
5 are European, 2 are South American, and 1 Indian.

In the case of the 5 European species, it has not been possible to
associate the sexes, but in the case of 4 American species, both J
and ? are known. It is in fact, only as the result of the American
discoveries that the 2 European species, of which the ^ (^ are known,
are placed in this genus, for they have no resemblance whatever
to the 9 $ . All the species probably consort with ants. P. man-
dihulare, Ashm., with Camponofus pennsylvanicus, Pergande ;
montanum, Ashm., and P. mjjrmecopliilum^ Ashm., with Formica rufi-
harhis (Hubbard) ; P. rufiventre, Ashm,, with 'Formica ohscuripes
(Ulke) ; and my P. cantianum apparently with Ponera contracta.
Ashmead has raised a query whether the insects are parasitic upon
the ants or upon the Coleoptera that live with them. I cannot answer
this, but the present insect is too large to be parasitic on Machcerites
glalratus^ the only Coleopteron that 1 know to live with Ponera. It
may be parasitic on a beetle living with another ant, for at Charing
almost all the British ground ants occur, and I have taken Homceusa
close to the spot where I found it. In this case the resemblance to
Ponera would be of use (I presume) in protectino: it from the attacks
of other ants. Ponera itself must be somehow protected; it is slow,
and though armed with a sting, would seem likely to fall a prey to
the hosts of other ants, in the midst of which it lives, and yet it
evidentl}^ thrives.

It ought to be pointed out that there is just a possibility that
the insect above described is really the ? of PaeudisohrachiiLm sub-
cj/anea, Hal., of which only the ^ is known, but for the present it
must be described as distinct. The ^ of suhcyanea has been taken
by me at Huntingfield and Doddington and in Sheppey, and I have one
specimen labelled Charing ; it occurs in September, it was originally
described as Fpyris nigra, West., by Walker from Haliday's MSS.
(see Ent. Mag., iv, 432), corrected by Halliday, who then named the

1906. J 151

insect suhcyaneus (Ent. Mag., v, 519). It appears in Marshall's Cata-
logue as Epyris suhcyanea, Hal. When I first captured suhcyanea
here, using Ashmead's tables, I placed it in his genus Isobrctchium,
and only moved it into Epyris on discovering Haliday's figure
(Ent. Mag., iv, pi. xvi, £. 6), which is unmistakeable. I now find
that the Abbe Kieffer has moved suhcyanea into his genus Pseudiso-
hrachiim, to which I think it undoubtedly belongs, but I think it
is too large to be the ^ of P. cantianum. P. cantianum differs
from P. pubescens, Kieff., by having the disc of the thorax smooth,
and the 4th joint of the antenna? transverse, and from P. concolor,
Kieff., which is described as "glabre," by being more or less hairy.
P. intermedium, Kieff., the only other European species of which the
$ is known, is larger and has a black head.

I expect to find that Pseudisohrachium suhcyaneum is parasitic
upon, or associates with, Myrmecina latreillei, but this is a mere
surmise.

Huntingfield, Faversham, Kent :
April 18th, 1906.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE LIST OF
BRITISH HYMENOPTERA SINCE 1896.

BY EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.R.S.

It is now just 10 years since the completion of "The Hymenoptera
Aculeata of the British Islands," and numerous additional species have
been found in these Islands during the interval ; most of these have
been introduced through the pages of this Magazine, but I thought it
would probably be a convenience to British Hymenopterists to have
these scattered records arranged consecutively and also to have in-
corporated with them, such changes in synonyms, additions and
corrections as are required to bring the subject up to date. Many
important papers have been published on the Continent during the
last ten years, which have thrown much light on many of the formerly
obscure species, and have also indicated changes in synonyms which it
will be well to adopt so as to bring our nomenclature as much as
possible into concord with that of Continental Entomologists. I am
always averse to changing names which are in common use, but in
cases where we differ from practically all the Continental authorities,
I think we are bound to give up our names and adopt theirs, unless,
of course, we can prove that we have priority to support our views.

l52 [July,

Heterogyna.
In this section no new species has occurred, but a nest of Formica
fusca race gagates has been found in the New Forest by Mr. G.
Arnold (Ent. Mo. Mag., xli, p. 211). This is worthy of special mention
as the title of this "race" to a place in our list rested on a single
specimen taken by the late F. Smith witliout note of locality.

FOSSOEES.

Pompilus {Wesmaelinius) sanrjuinolentus, F. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxvi,

p. 206).

This species sliould stand first in the genus so far as the British species
are concerned.

As a subgenus it may be known by the elongate pronotum, as in the subgenus
{Aporus), from which it differs in having three submarginal cells in the anterior
wings ; the propodeum is truncate and concave posteriorly with its lateral angles pro-
duced and dentate. In the posterior wings the median and posterior veins are
united by a transverse nervure at a point some distance above the branch of the
former; this character will separate it from all the other sections of the genus.

The male is entirely black, the female black with the pronotum and propodeum
red ; it should not be mistaken for any other species.

1 ? taken in the New Forest by Dr. Sharp, 18.7.00.

Pompihcs nir/errimus, Scop.
This name has been adopted generally as the appellative for our
P. 7i7.ger, and as Scopoli's description agrees well with it I think it
should be used.

Pompilus approximatus, Smith (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxvi, p. 51).
This close ally of Pompilus nlgerrimus should stand next to it in our list. It
may be known from that species in both sexes by the more or less hairy propodeum
(especially at the sides), by the subquadrate 3rd submarginal cell, the short 4th joint
of the posterior tarsi which in the S is only half the length of the 5th, and in the
9 is as broad at its apex as it is long, and by the bifid claws of the <? . The abdo-
men of the $ is narrower than in nigerrimus.

Dumfries-shire (Sharp), Perthshire (Carter), Nairn, July (Yer-
bury), E. Cumberland, July (Bold), Criccieth, June and July
(Nevinson and Bradley), Newquay, July (Neviuson), Tor Cross,
August (Terbury).

Salius jjropinquus, Lap. ? (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxvii, p. 247).
Of this nearly black species two examples have been taken by Miss Chawner in
the New Forest in August. It may be known at once from any of our other
members of this genus which have an eye-like spot in the apical region of the fore-

1906.] 153

wing, bj the transverse costa3 of the propodeuni ; in this respect it more or less
resembles S. affinis. It should be placed next to Salius notatulus, the ? of which
to my mind is not very satisfactorily identified. The male of notatulun is so very
distinct from its allies, that it is difficult to imagine that the ? should not possess
more distinctive characters than those which belong to the few specimens known
from this country. It would not surprise me to find that Miss Chawner's females
belong to notatulus, and that our other supposed representatives to varieties of the
allied species ; but at present there is no evidence to prove this.

Fassaloecus monilicornis^ Dhlb.
The (J of this species is incorrectly defined at page 98. Its chief peculiarity,
by which it may be known from any other species of the genus, lies in the form of
the antennae. These are slightly incrassated towards the middle, and each joint is
widened near the centre posteriorly, so as to give the moniliform character to these
organs which the name implies. The white labrum is not a constant character.
Most males, if not all, have it pitchy-brown, and there is a variety of the ? with
the labrum black, which has been taken by Mr. Evans and Col. Yerbury in
Scotland, and by Col. Yerbury in Ireland. The characters which can best be relied
upon to determine the species are the form of the antennae in the J , the wider 2nd
submarginal cell, the wider and apparently shorter basal segment, and the less basally
constricted 2nd segment of the abdomen in both sexes. These latter characters are
specially evident in the ? , and give the abdomen a wider and more oval form. It
falls into the section with only one ti'ansverse crenature on the mesopleurse, and can
easily be distinguished from gracilis, the only other species in that section, by the
characters given above and by the white tubercles of the "^ .

Psen, Latr, = Mimesa, Auct.

F. F. Kohl, Die G-attungen der Sphegiden (Anu. K. K. Naturh.
Hofm , xi, p. 289), points out that Latreille's genus was clearly founded
on what we call Mimesa atra, Fab., as he specially mentions the peculiar
form of the anteunsB in the ,^ . This being so, priority requires us
to follow him in changing the name of our genus Mimesa to that
of £sen.

Psenuhcs, Kohl.

In consequence of the above change, Herr Kohl has given a new
generic name to those species formerly placed under Psen.

Psenulus concolo)% Dahlb. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiii, p. 252).

This species is larger than palUpes, and may be easily known by the characters
pointed out by Mr. Morice {loc. cit.). These lie chiefly in the head ; the vei'tex in
both sexes is shining and very finely punctured in concolor, almost dull and coarsely
punctured in pallipes. In the ? the sti'ongly marked carina between the antennae
divides into two branches below them, but in concolor the branches diverge at an
angle of about 90", so as to form a simple Y, and the stem of the Y terminates

154 fJ"^^'

between the antennce ; whereas in paUlpex the branches of the carina diverge almost
at right angles, not from each other but from the stem, so as almost to form a T,
and the stem is not simple as in coyicolor, but divides into two short branches
forming a V between the antennae. These characters of the carinae are not so
strongly marked in the c? , the angle of divergence being only slightly greater in
pallipes than in concolor ; the antennae, however, of concolor are much longer than
those of pallipes, the 2nd joint of the flagellum being about twice as long as wide.

This species appears to be very rare. I have only seen the $
taken by Mr. Morice at Byfleet in June, 1897, and a ^ and ? taken
by Colonel Terbury at Tarrington, Herefordshire, the J" in June, the
? in August, 1902.

Cerceris, Fab.
In this genus two changes of name are necessary to bring our
nomenclature up to date.

Ornata, Fab., &c., should now become a synonym of rybyensis, Linn. ; sabulosa,
Smith, of quadricincta, Panz.

Crabro, Fab.
Several alterations and additions have to be made here. In the
first place an unfortunate error occurs in the table on p. 126 ; in
divisions 24 and 29, " metasternum " should read " mesosternum ;" this
mistake occurs twice in 24, and once in 29.

Crabro pubescens, Shuck.
? . This was first discovered in this country by Mr. A. Piffard, who took it at
Brickett Wood, St. Albans. It may be known from the ? of leucostomus, its
nearest ally, by its smaller size and narrower form, by its less widely impressed
forehead, and its more regulai'ly and more finely punctured mesonotum ; the spot
at the base of the hind tibiae is more developed than in leucostomus, and the red
ring at the base of the hind tarsi is less developed. The size and the form of the
impression of the head are the best characters, in pubescens the sides of the im-
pression of the forehead are inclined to be more or less tumid ; in leucostomus the
excavation though not very deep has its sides practically straight, which gives the
impression a much wider and deeper appearance.

Crabro sfi/rms, Kohl. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xl, p. 11).

Like a small, shining and less deeply black capitosus, but distinguished from it
as well as from cetratus by the form of the clypeus, which, viewed from in front, is
trituberculate, by the longer and more slender scape of the antennae, the slenderer
petiole, and the absence of visible sculpture on the abdomen ; both sexes are further
distinguished from capitosus by the less massive head, and from cetratus by the less
closely punctured mesonotum, and the (J by the simple anterior tibiae and tarsi.

cJ ? , Shiere (Capron) ; New Forest, June — July, 1894 (Cham-

1906.] 155

pion) ; Ley Hill, Chesbain, June 29th, 1899 (Piffard) ; Dollar, near
Edinburgh, July 9th, 1901 (Evans) ; ? near Eaversham (Chitty) ;
Porthcawl, June 29th, 1901 (Terbury)

Cmhro carhonarius, Dablb. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxvi, p. 227).
Another addition to our list, belonging to the subgenus Cxlocrabro, Thorns.
This may easily be known from any other of the section by being entirely black,
and by tlie well defined basal area of the propodeum, surrounded by very strong
crenatures.

^, Aviemore, June 28th, 1900, J ? , Brodie, June 9th and 10th,
1905, Nethy Bridge, 2 ? , June 2Gth, 1905 (Yerbury) ; c? ? , ^vie-
more, July and August, 1903 (King).

There are four British species in tliis section with well defined crenatures, en-
closing the propodeal area, gonager, podagricus, carbonarius, and aphidum ; aphi-
dum can be known at once in both sexes by its pale yellow clypeus, podagricus by
the dull but almost impunctate surface of the mesonotum, and gonager may be easily
known from carbonarius by the wide scutate anterior metatarsi of its S > and the
yellow rings at the base of the tibise of the ^ .

{To be continued).

CRYPTOHYPNUS PULCHELLUS, L.
BY JAMES E. BLACK, F.E.S.

During the summer of 1903, while working the banks of the
river Truim, a tributary of the Spey, about three miles from Newton-
more, Inverness-shire, the writer took two examples of a Cryptohypmis
which at first sight appeared somewhat different from the abundant
G. dermestoides var. qiiadriguttatus, Lap. These were submitted to
Prof. T. Hudson Beare, of Edinburgh, and to Herr Eeitter, and con-
firmed by them as O. pulchellus, L.

A subsequent visit to the same locality the following year failed
to produce any more specimens, but in June of this year I took
several more examples of this rare species, and being joined by Prof.
Beare, we thoroughly worked the locality and obtained a number of
specimens. The species appears to be an extremely local one, only
being obtained on one particular spot on the Truim, and onl}^ two
examples were obtained on the banks of the Spey, although hundreds
of the var. quadriguttatus were observed.

In this spot, a gravelly bank near the confluence of the rivers,
the two species occurred together, creeping amongst the gravel on the
grassy edges of the shingle beds. They could quite easily be dis-
tinguished from each other, after a little practice, even without

156 [July.

examination through a lens, the var. quadriguttatus being shiny, and
C. pulcliellus dull. In C. puJchellus the thorax is considerably longer
than broad, and rugosely punctured, whilst the elytra are very strongly
striate, carinate at the basal third, and pubescent. The yellow mark-
ings on the elytra are very variable.

I have examined a great number of the common species, but have
only found three or four examples of the type form, C. dermesfoides,
Herbst, either this season or in previous visits, so that apparently it
is not very common in the district.

Peebles : June liih, 1906.

CARDIOPHORUS ERICH SON l, Buyss., IN LUNDY ISLAND.
BY NORMAN 11. JOT, M.R.C.S., F.E.S., AND J R. LE B. TOMLIN, M.A., F.E.S.

It was with the express purpose of adding at least one more
species to the list of British Coleoptera that we visited Lundy Island
last April, and on the third day of the trip, when we were examining
grass tufts on the western cliffs, a black Elaterid was taken, which
we immediately recognised as the object of our quest. Subsequently,
we spent many hours on the edge and slopes of the cliffs, taking a
nice series each, most of the specimens being found under small
stones, or at the roots of grass, and we found the species was very
active in the hot sunshine. The larva also was not uncommon at the
roots of a small dandelion. As our examples did not correspond
exactly with the insect standing under the name of Cardiophorus
ru/ipes, Goeze, in the British Museum, we sent one of them to
Mons. H. de Buysson, who kindly identified it for us as C. erichsoni,
Buyss. (=ru/i'pes,'Ev.), 3, species he has separated from C. rujlpes,
Goeze, mainly on account of its brown (instead of grey or black)
pubescence, the absence of a shining oblique fascia across the elytra,
and the less metallic reflection. G. erichsoni has been taken in
France, Germany, Austria, and liussia, and occurs on pines at the
end of May and the beginning of June, the larva probably feeding on
oak or pine bark. It is very interesting to find an insect of this kind
on Lundy, but it may be observed that Melanotus ruftpes, Herbst, is
also included in Wollaston's local list, and some elytra we found
among grass evidently belong to this latter species. In historical
times Lundy has always been quite treeless, indeed, there are not
many places on the island where there is sufficient depth of soil for

1906.] 157

their roots, but probably a great deal of the peaty earth has been
burnt away at one time or another, when the bracken and furze has
been set alight.

The Gardiophorus recorded by Mr. Champion under the name
C. rufipcs, Fourc, from Eenfrewshire [Ent. Mo. Mag., xiii, p. 227,
(1877)], belongs to the same species ; but as there was probably some
mistake about the actual origin of this specimen, C. erichsoni is
practically an addition to the British list.

The following is a short translation of Buysson's description of
C. erichsoni, taken from his recently finished work on the " Elate-
rides " (pp. 318, et seq.) : —

Oblong, rather depressed ; black, rather shinine;, without any leaden or bronze
reflection ; pubescence very fine and scanty, brown on the upper side ; head finely
and thickly punctured ; antennae black, longer in male than in female ; thorax
slightly longer than broad, rather finely and thickly punctured ; elytra a little
broader than thorax, much attenuated behind, with well marked and strongly
punctured striae ; interstices flat, thickly and finely punctured j legs reddish-testa-
ceous ; tarsi black or brown. Length, 7-9 mm.

Bradfield : June, 1906.

FURTHER NOTES ON THE COLEOPTERA OF THE OXFORD

DISTRICT.

BY J. J. WALKER, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

The following species of CoJeoptera, taken by me (except when
otherwise stated) within five or six miles of Oxford since the date of
my previous paper on the same subject (Ent. Mo. Mag., Ser. 2, vol.
xvi, p. 180) appear to be worthy of record.

Cychrus rostratus, occasionally under old timber and in sandpits ; Panagaeus
quadripustulatus, taken not rarely at Tubney by Mr. W. Holland, and sparingly by
Mr. Gr. C. Champion and myself; Licinus silphoides, taken under stones at Elsfield
by Mr. W. Collins, of the Hope Department, University Museum ; O'Odes helopioides,
rarely, and Bradycelhis placidusy plentifully, in wet tufts of grass, in winter, at
Yarn ton ; Sarpalus azitreus var. similis, Dej., in sandpit at Cumnor j Pterostichus
anthracinus and P. insequalis, sparingly in damp spots ; Lehia chlorocephala, rather
common in tufts of grass in winter; Dromius agilis, not rare under loose bark,
Bagley Wood.

Aleochara tristis, sparingly in sheep-dung, Wytham Park; Phloeopora corticalis,
in dry fungus at Water Eaton, one example taken by Mr. Gr. C. Champion ; Calo-
dera riparia, in tufts at Yarnton, very rare ; Homalota csesula, two or three
examples of this coast species at roots of herbage at Tubney, October ; H. splendens,
one example in a sand-pit at Cumnor, taken by Mr. Gr. C. Champion, May 28th, 1906 ;
H. dilaticornis, by evening sweeping at Elsfield, one specimen, June 25th, 1905.

158 tJuiy,

Deinopsis erosa, rare, in damp tufts of grass ; Lamprinus saginatus, again at Tubney,
this time under a stone in companj with Ilyrmica fiava ; Conosoma p)edicu1arium,
common in moss and tufts at Yariiton ; Taehyporus formosus, rare, and Megacronus
cingulatus (1) by sweeping at Wytham Park. Mycetoporus punctus, one example by
sweeping at Cumnor; Seleroikops quadripunctula, rare, in flood-refuse; Xantho-
linus tricolor, rarely, at Tubney ; Achenimn depressum, in flood-refuse, and A.
Tiiimile in tufts, both rare, Lathrohium angustatum, one example taken by Mr.
Collins near Wjtham Park ; L. 2^unctatum, rarely, in tufts and flood-refuse, with
abundance of L.Jiliforme as before. Stenus guttula, rarely, in wet places ; Flatyste-
thus nilens, sparingly, by sweeping and on the wing, near Marston ; Philorhinum
sordidum, plentiful on flowers of broom in May at Cumnor ; Bapalarsea pygmaea,
on a window in my house at Summertown (where I have also taken Carcinops 14-
striata) ; Eusphalerum primulx, abundant in primroses, and Proteinus atomarius,
in fungus at Wytham Park.

AnUotoma dubia, A. nigrita (one specimen), A. triepkei, rarely (also taken by
Mr. Donisthorpe in my company), and Hydnohius punctatissimus (pale form) by
evening sweeping at Tubney ; Choleva intermedia, rarely, on walls in late autumn,
and C. nigricans and morio. occassionally in tufts ; Colon serripes, one example by
evening sweeping at Ogley Bog. NeurapTies longicollis and Eutheia plicata singly,
by evening sweeping at Marston ; Euconnus JiirticoUis, one in a tuft at Yarnton,
and E.fimetarius in tufts of grass growing on a very old manure-heap at Summer-
town, in company with Euplectus signatus, Acritus mimituft, Oxyomiis porcatus
(plentiful), &c. Bihloporus bicolor, under bark at Wytham Park ; Euplectus
mimitissimus, Aube, one example by evening sweeping in a damp lane at Summertown,
June 5th, 1906 ; this is a very interesting capture, being the first specimen recorded
since Canon Fowler took the species in numbers at Burton-on-Trent in June, 1879.
Claviger foveolatus, a few in nests of Formica nigra at Kirtlington ; Olibrus
pygmxus, a few at roots of herbage at Tubney ; Platynaspis luteorubra, one
specimen at Wytham Park by sweeping ; Gnathoncus nannetensis, not rare in a sand-
pit at Cumnor, among the droppings of sand-martins ; Omosiphora limbata, rarely
in dry fungus and by sweeping, and Nitidula riifipes, not uncommon at Tubney in
rabbit-skins put down as traps for Trox sabulosus. Thalycra sericea, one specimen
by evening sweeping at Wytham Park, July 27th, 1905, and one taken by Mr.
Donisthorpe, at Tubney, September 14th. Ips 4-punctata, found commonly by Mr.
Collins, and afterwards by myself, in a large sappy oak-stump at Wytham Park.
Pediacus dermestoides, a few specimens under bark of beech logs at Wytham
Park, in company with plenty of Agathidium nigripenne ; Atomaria fimetarii, one
specimen by evening sweeping at the same locality ; A. mesomelas, common in wet
places, and a very puzzling entirely black form turned up at Yarnton ; A. basalis,
in dead leaves near Islip. Byrrltus dorsalis in sandpits, and Syncalypta hirsuta,
locally not rare under small stones, at Tubney.

Trachys troglodytes, one specimen taken by my nephew, II. G-. Champion, by
sweeping at Cothill, April 21st, 1906; T. pumila, on foliage of Hyoscyamus at
Wytham Park as before ; Elater elongatulus, a few specimens taken by Mr. Collins
and myself in very rotten pine logs at Tubney, May, 1906 ; Corymbites tessellatus,
commonly by sweeping in a wet place at Cothill, and very variable ; C. metallicus,
one example by sweeping at Marston. Eubria palustris, again at Ogley Bog by

1906. 159

evening sweeping at the beginning of July, but vei'j sparingly ; Haplocnemus im-
pressus (1), Phloiophilus edtoardsi, and Bryophilus pus'dlus, by evening sweeping at
Wytham Park. Longitarsus piciceps, in plenty on ragwort at Tubney, and L. agilis,
again singly at Cothill ; Tetratoma fungorum, a considerable nvunber in decayed
toadstools on a dead beech tree near Islip, in February.

Apion astragali, I'ecorded from Oxford last year by Mr. W. Holland (Ent. Mo.
Mag., Ser. 2, vol. xvi, p. 257) has turned up again in tolerable plenty in its original
locality, as well as in two or three other spots in the district where its food-plant
grows, and A. stolidum occurred not I'arely at the end of May in one field at
Marston by sweeping Chrysanthemum leucanihemum. Thryogenes festucae, T. nereis
and Erirrhinus bimaculaius, in wet places on the banks of the Thames above Oxford,
rarely ; Hypera suspiciosa. in tufts at Yarnton ; Gronops lunatiis, in sandpit at
Tubney ; C author rhynchus viduatus, on the wing at Marston ; C. euphorbias, in
sandpits at Tubney, rarely, C. terminatus and setosus, by sweeping at Cothill in
April, C. campestris, abundantly at Marston with Apion stolidum, and Phytohius
comari, by sweeping in wet places in the same locality. Paris lepidii, by sifting
flood-refuse in January, not common. Hylastinus opacus and Phloeophthorus rho-
dodactylus, in broom stumps at Cumnor.

Oxford : June, 1906.

Calosoma sycophanta, L., in the New Forest. — Yesterday afternoon (June 16th)
I was very agreeably surprised to pick up a fine ^ example of Calosoma sycophanta,
L.j running actively in the short grass at the foot of a small Cossus-odik which I
was investigating at the time, in Denny Wood, IS'ew Forest. The freshness and
beautiful condition of the beetle, joined to the exti'eme prevalence of north and
east winds during the pi-esent season, seem to me to be against its being an immi-
grant from the Continent, and suggest that this one at least is a true New Forest
bred specimen. Certainly it appeared perfectly " at home " in its beautiful sur-
roundings.—James J. Walker, Brockenhurst : June I7th, 1906.

Anisotoma lunicollis. Rye, in the Isle of Sheppey. — Among a few Anisotomidse
taken by me on August 12th, 1905, by sweeping the fringe of grass on the edge of
the cliffs in the Isle of Sheppey, Mr. Gr. C. Champion has detected an example of
Anisotoma lunicollis, Rye. This capture adds another to the very few localities
in which this rare and well-marked species has been hitherto found. — Id., Oxford :
4th June, 1906.

Epurxa angustula, Er., in the Northumberland and Durham District. — Whilst
stripping the bark off a recently felled birch tree in a wood near Winlaton this
evening I found a single example of the very rare Epurasa angustula, Er. Coupled
with the fact that this species is recorded very rarely from Scotland in the burrows
of Xyloterus {Trypodendron) Uneatus, 01. (Brit. Coleoptera, iii, p. 233), it is worth
noting that mine wa* taken with the closely allied Trypodendron domesticum, L.,
which had its borings in the solid wood of the birch in question. A pair ((?&?)
of another very rare beetle, Acrulia injlata, was taken from the same tree. In
March of this year I took a single specimen of Acrulia in Gibside beneath the bark

160 iJ"^y'

of a fallen beech tree, which strangely enough was also infested by Trypodendron
domestic urn. The following species of the genus Epurxa have now occurred in the
Derwent Yalley : E. xstlva, L., E. melina, Er., E. oblonfja, Hbst. (one example
beneath fir bark, Winlaton Mill), E. longula, Er. (one male in Spirxa flowers, Grib-
side), E.florea,'Ev. (in Spirxa flowers, Winlaton Mill), E. deleta, Er., E. parvula,
Stm. (beneath oak bark and by beating oak), E. ohsoleta, F., E. pusilla, L., and
lastly, E. angustula, Er., here recorded.— Richard S. Bagnall, AVinlaton : June
nth, 1906.

Mutilated Lepidoptera. — Mr. Bankes' interesting note of his capture of Tortrix
uni/asciana 9 united to the abdomen only of a male of the same species, reminds
me of a similar occurrence in my own experience which took place some forty years
ago. It is recorded in the " Weekly Intelligencer " for 1862, vol. i, p. 180, under
the title " Mutilated Lepidoptera," from which I extract * * * "But the most
wondrous sight of the kind in my experience was that of a female N. (?) bondii in
copula with the living abdomen and hind-ioings only of a male. A mouse had pro-
bably snapped off the other half, but sufficient vitality remained for the abdomen to
writhe and the hind-wings to flap. If any one doubts the fact let them ask my
friends McLachlan and (J. W.) Downing, who also saw it." * * # Truly history
repeats itself.— II. Guard Knaggs, Folkestone : June, 1906.

[Only two years ago I found a female Larentia multistrigaria thoroughly
paired with a quite dead and dry male, but whether the male had died naturally
or been killed I do not know. He was in a very battered condition, but that may
have been caused by the female dragging the dead body through the grass and other
herbage.— a. T. P.].

Sesia andreniformis bred. — It may interest your readers to know that a fine
Sesia andreniformis emerged to-day from a larva I found mining in- the stem of
Viburnum lantana. My friend Mr. Sydney Webb, of Dover, suggested this plant
to me as likely to yield larvae of this rare insect as long ago as 1898, but only this
year was I successful in finding it. — N. Charles Rothschild, 148, Piccadilly, W. :
June 10th, 1906.

On Proctotrypidx. — In the earlier half of the 19th century this country held a
lead over the rest of the world in the study of this interesting gi'oup of Kymenop-
tera. A. H. Haliday (prince of describers for his day) and F. Walker named and
described an immense number of species and must have formed valuable collections.
Subsequently work in the group was continued by the Rev. T. A. Marshall, and his
collection naust have contained most of the known British species. That collection,
or at any rate part of it, together with Walker's types and collection went to the
bottom of the sea (see Andre's " Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie,"
vol. ix, p. 136). Whether Marshall formed a second collection I do not know, but
it would seem from Andre that he must have done so and that it has found its way
to the National Museum at Buda-Pest and so become lost to British Entomologists.
At present there appears to be no one working at the group in Britain except
possibly Mr. P. Cameron, whose collection is constantly referred to in Andre, nor do
I know of any other real collection, though there must be some scattered throughout

1906. J 161

tlie country, and there are a few unarranged specimens in the British Museum. It
seems a pity that the study of this extremely interesting group of parasitic insects
should be altogether dropped here. The insects are easy to collect, and in late
autumn are swept in some numbers by every Coleopterist who uses sweeping as a
method of collecting beetles, and bottling them is an easy matter as they are slug-
gish. Thougli small, or even microscopic in size, they are easily preserved as they
are extremely hard, and the wings, even if mounted badly in the first instance, can
usually afterwards be disentangled. Unlike Diptera there is no objection to carding
them as most of the characters are on the upper side and the insects can easily be
floated off. They can also be pinned through the side, but the wings must then be
kept expanded to show the metanotum and petiole. Until recently the work of
identification up to a certain point was easy, as Ashmead's book on the American
Proctotrypidx gives all the generic characters, and Marshall's catalogue gives refer-
ence to the specific descriptions.

The appearance, however, of the first parts of vol. ix of Andre's work on the
European Proctotrypidx has temporai'ily greatly complicated matters, though,
ultimately, it will no doubt enable a satisfactory British list to be made out. The
Abbe J. J. Kieffer, to whom the last of the work was entrusted on the death of Mr.
Marshall, differs on many important points from Ashmead and Marshall, and, as the
result, a large number of the old British species have been re-named, and in many
cases the earlier descriptions have been thrown aside as insufficient. Too much
praise cannot be given to the thoroughness with which the work has been done.
Its completion will be a formidable task. 368 pages have been reached in dealing
with two out of the ten groups of the family, comprising 32 only out of the
373 insects in Marshall's catalogue. Unfortunately the author never states
whether his description is from a single specimen or many. To me this seems a
most important detail, especially in parasitic insects, when (judging at least from the
Ichneumonldx) even structural chai'acters are not always constant, I am left after
using the work, under the impression that the number of species in some of the
genera must, if the characters really hold, be almost infinite. To take a concrete
instance ; in the genus Antxon, 54 ? ? and 29 unattached S S are described, 64
of them being described as new species, while 17 names, 16 of which are in
Marshall's catalogue as British, are declared unrecognisable. 36 of the new species
are described as from Scotland (P. Cameron). Most of these have not been taken
elsewhere. Nevertheless, ray own British specimens appear in most cases not to
agree structurally with the species described, though I could, somewhat doubtfully
perhaps, assign them names from the old British list (now discarded), and I have
some species to which names are so assigned by Mr. Marshall. The almost com-
plete absence of satisfactory English records in a conspicuous genus like Antason
with 36 species described from Scotland shows what a lot of work there is to be done
in the group. This can best be done, in the first instance, by making collections.

During the past few years I have got together a small collection of these insects,
and that of the late Mr. Beaumont has recently come into my hands (unfortunately
the naming of this, even according to the old system, is anything but satisfactory),
while Mr. Morley has been good enough to lend me those which he had captured or
received from correspondents as Ichneumons (many already named by Mr. Marshall),

O

162 ' tJ"^>''

I should be very glad to hear of others working in the group and to see British
specimens of these insects, and niost happy to attempt to identify any British insects
senl, so far as present matters permit, while collectors in other groups who come
across ihem under circumstances in which they are able to secure them in any num-
bers would confer a great favour by sending specimens in laurel.

The group may be distinguished from the other parasitic Hymenoplera by their
hard external tegument, by their having the terebra protruding from the middle of
the abdomen instead of from the lower side as in the Ichneumonidae, Braconidre,
Chafcidida; and Cynlpidx, and by the pronotum reaching back to the base of the
fore-wings. The colour is almost always shining black, and though in a few cases
reds and testataceous coloration, or even yellow may be found, I believe the British
species are never metallic. The number of joints of the antennae in the British
species never exceeds 15, though it may be very much less. With the exception
of Froctotrypes gravidator, L., which might be thought to be an Ichneumon or
Brabon, they could only be confused with the Cha/cidid;e or Cynipidx. The
former are, however, in most cases metallic and they generally have a distinct round
stigma at some distance from the margin of the wings, while the peculiar venation
of most of the CynipidcC (often reproducing a very irregilar W or M) and the deep
abdomen of part of the group as well as its long slender terebra, generally prevents
confusion in this direction. — Arthur J. Chitty, Huntingfield, Faversham, Kent:
May, 1906.

Neuroptera from North Uist. — So little is known about the '^ Neuroptcra" of
the Outer Hebrides that it may be desirable to record the species that were taken
by my friend Mr. James Waterston in North Uist last June. The Neuroptera
Planipennia are represented by Sialis lutaria, L , in some numbers, mostly speci-
mens of small size, but this insect varies much in that respect independently of
locality. Of Perlida^, Isopteryx torrentium, P., and Nemoura variegata, Oliv.,
were found. Odonata : Libellula quadrimaculata, L., Pyrrhosoma nymphula, Sulz.,
and Ischnura elegans, V. der L. The first named has the fore part of the wings
considerably suffused with yellow, but the nodal spots are quite small, and the
specimens are much the smallest of any that have passed through ray hands.
Trichoptera : Limnophilus marmoratus, Curt., L. sparsus, Curt, ; Leptocerus nigra-
nervosus, Retz., a very interesting species from this out-of-the-way locality ; and
Polycetitropus flavomaculatus, P.

Mr. Waterston also visited St. Kilda, where he secured five species of Trichop-
tera, one of which is of extreuiC interest, if my conjectures as to its identity are
correct. Further material is necessary and as there exists the probability that this
will be obtained by Mr. Waterston this summer, I reserve any remarks on his St.
Kilda captures until later. — K. J. Morton, 13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh : 2bth
May, 1906.

Hemiptera, Sfc, at Z)ea^.— Having spent a few hours on Whit Monday and
Tuesday on the sandhills at Deal, I was fortunate enough to meet with two species of
Hemiptera which have not previously, I think, been recorded from that well worked

1906] 163

locality. Beosus luscus, F., was fairly common at one spot on the seaward side of
the golf course, while on the landward side amongst some dwarf plants of Trl folium
repens I found a single specimen of Brachvsfeles parvicorni.t, Costa. Of other
Ilemiptera the best were Aphanus lynceus, F., and Pseudophloeus falleni, Schill.
Amongst the clover plants, where the Brachysteles occurred, there were a few speci-
mens of Apion IsevicoUe, Kirb. ; they were lying about on the sand under the
plants with legs tucked up, apparently benumbed by the bitter east wind that was
blowing.— E. A. Butler, 53, Tollington Park, N. : June I2ih, 190B.

A. J. SiLFA'ENius : Beitriige zur Metamorphose der Trichopteren (Acta Societatis
pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 27, No. 6 ; Helsingfors, 1905). Zur Kenntnis der
Trichopteren-fauna von Tviirminne (Zeitschrift fiir Palmen, No. 14; Helsingfors^
1905). Trichopterologische Untersuchungen : I. tJber den Laich der Trichopteren
(Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 28, No. 4 ; Helsingfors, 1906).

Those who are acquainted with the recent writings of such authors as Klapalek,
Silfvenius, Thienemann, Ulmer, Needham, Betten and others, on the life histories of
aquatic Neuroptera (in the broad sense) must be aware that progressive work of this
kind is not at present confined to students of Lepidoptera. The work accomplished
in the Trkhoptera, for example, has been enormous, and the keenness with which it
has been pursued can alone account for such excellent results in dealing with
animals whose study obviously presents much greater diificulties than those presented
by terrestrial forms.

In the first-mentioned of the above papers, Silfvenius in a memoir extending to
168 pp., concludes his seventh contribution to the knowledge of the Metamorphoses
of the Trichoptera of Finland.

In these papers the metamorphoses of 101 species are more or less thoroughly
described, in many species an account of the larva, the pupa and the case being
given. The number of Finnish species, and the number of these species of which
the metamorphoses are known are stated thus : —

SPECIES. METAMORPHOSES.

Phryganeidx 14 14

Limnophilidre ... 78 42

Sericostomatidae 10 ., 7

Leptoceridse 32 20

Hydropsyckidx 31 22

Rhi/acophilidas 6 4

Eydroptilida^ 19 12

190 121

It will be seen that the earlier stages of a very large proportion of the species
in which these stages are known, have come under the observation of the author. Of

O 2

164 [July,

57 genera found in Finland, he states that there are onlj four (Arctcecia, Asynarchus*,
Chilostigma, and Arctopsyche) that are quite unknown witli respect to fheir earlier
life. Of the 48 species dealt witli in the present memoir, 14 are mentioned as having
been previously unknown, or imperfectly known, as far as their metamorphoses are
concerned.

The second paper is perhaps the most interesting to the general entomological
reader. The Trichoptera found in the neighbourhood of the Zoological station at
Tvarminne, in the Western part of the Gulf of Finland are here discussed, especi-
ally in connection with the conditions of the waters in which they spend their earlier
life, and much that is of interest connected with their economy is brought to light.
For his purpose, the author divides the waters into five different groups : the sea, the
smaller waters near the sea, the swamps, the inland lakes, and the running waters.
Although the fact that Trichoptera are found in the Gulf of Finland is not new, the
subject having already been dealt with by Levander, it may come as a surprise to
some that water sufficiently saline to maintain a luxuriant growth of Fucus also
maintains a large number of Trichoptera. Silfvenius found in the sea no fewer than
24 species as larvae or pupae, namely : Phryganea grandis, L., P. striata, L., P. varia,
Fab., P. olsoleta, McL., Agrypnia pagetana, Curt., Agrypnetes crassicornis, McL.,
Limnophilus rkomhicus, L., L.Jtavieornis, Fab., L. decipienx, KoL, L. marmoratus,
Curt., L. lunafus, Curt., L. poUtns, McL., L. vittatus, Fab., L. affinis, Curt., Leptocerus
senilis, Burm., L. cinereus. Curt., Mystacides longicornis, L., (Ecetis ochracea, Curt.,
(E.furva, Eamb., Holocentropus duhius, Ramb., H. picicornis, Steph., H. auratus,
Kol., Cyrnus Jlavidus, McL., and Agraylea multipunctata, Curt., besides which
imagines of the following species were found in such circumstances that they must
as larva3 have lived in the sea : Agrypnia picta, KoL, Limnophilus griseus, L.,
Molanna augustata. Curt., M. palpata, McL., Leptocerus fulms, Ramb., (Ecetis
lacustris, Pict., Cyrnus insolutus, McL., C. trimaculatus, Curt., and Ecnomus tenellus,
Ramb. Near Tvarminne none of the following was ever found in fresh water :
Phryganea grandis, A. crassicornis, L. cinereus, (E. furva, H. auratus, C. Jlavidus,
E. tenellus and A. multipunctata. It is worthy of mention, however, that the larva
of the remarkable Agrypnetes, which hitherto has only been found on the shores of
the Gulf of Finland, lives quite well when placed in fresh water.

The smaller waters near the sea, all lying on rocky ground, are classified as the
intra-littoral sea basins, the subsaline rock-pools, the permanent rain-water pools,
the moss-pools (Moostiimpeln) and the sphagnum-bogs (Felsensphagnete). Each of
these classes has its more or less characteristic species of Trichoptera. Without
going into all of these in detail, it is interesting to notice how the larva of Limno-
philus griseus, the s^iecies of the "Moostiimpeln" which sometimes dry up com-
pletely in summer, is able to protect itself against drought by closing up the front
opening of its case and retiring to the back of it ; lying there in the position it
assumes before pupation, it quietly waits for better times, in this condition
apparently able, with little more moisture than is afforded by the dew, to withstand
(according to Silfvenius' experiments) a longer period of drought than is likely to
occur in nature. ^The " Felsensphagnete " which often lie high up amongst
the rocks, have no open water surface or a very restricted one and are amongst

* With regard to Axi/narchus, see Notes on A. canosus, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxi, p. 125,
Compare also Mon. Rev. Tr. Eur. Fauna, Sup., pt. il, p. xxviii.

1906.J 165

the driest localities in which Trichopterous larvae and pupse are to be found.
The characteiistic vegetation of one of these includes Betula odorata, Pinus
sylcestris, Ledum palustre, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium uUginosum, V. oxycoccos,
Empetruin nigrum, ErinjjJiorum raginatum and different species of grass and
Sphagnum. The Trichoptera of these bogs are Agrgpniapicta, Limnophilus griseus,
L. luridus, L. sparsus and StenophyJax alpestris. In the deeper recent layers of
sphagnum-turf were found numerous pupae of L. luridus and L. sparsus. Such
species are not dependent on water to the same degree as most other Trichoptera and
the bridge between their conditions of life and those of the truly terrestrial Enoicyla
does not seem to be very wide !

Silfvenius, as a thorough investigator, begins at the beginning, although his
paper on the eggs and egg-masses of the Trichoptera is the last published. In the
historical part of this paper reference is made to previous descriptions (mostly
imperfect ones) relating to 23 species of which 27 are European ; by his observa-
tions the numbers are raised to 71. In the special part, the species are dealt with
under the seven generally accepted families, on the bases of the literature and the
author's own observations, the following points being noticed : the mode of deposit
of the spawn, its definitive situation, form and colour, the arrangement, number,
form and colour of the eggs, and lastly, the egg-masses more closely examined by
the author are described with respect to their form and size and the size of the eggs.
In the general part are notices over repeated pairings ; the time between pairing
and egg-laying ; how the eggs are extruded from the genital opening ; how the
spawn is formed and how transported before it is deposited, how and where it is
laid and how long the egg-laying lasts. Then are noticed the changes which take
place in the gelatinous envelope during and after embryonic development. After a
reference to the dangers which threaten the eggs and the means of averting these,
the signification of the gelatinous mass is discussed and some interesting analogies
drawn between the egg-masses of Trichoptera and those of other animals, and
especially of other insects. The author then states the results of the study of the
egg. laying and of the spawn-masses from the point of view of the relationships of
the different families. Finally, a short account is given of what has been done
in connection with the study of the embryonic development of these insects. It is
impossible here to go more fully into the subject, but to all who are interested in
the attempt to trace the origin and relationships of insects, the observations of
Silfvenius will be of value. He is to be congratulated on his excellent work, further
instalments of which will be looked for with interest and confidence.— Z. J. M.

BiEMiNGHAM ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY : Monday, March IWi, 1906. —
Mr. G-. T. Bethune-Bakee, President, in the Chair.

The Meeting was Jield in the Society's new Rooms at Avebury House,
55, Newhall Street.

Mr. J. T. Fountain showed a very fine variety of Phigalia pedaria, F., taken
near Highbury, Birmingham ; it was practically a black-veined moth, the whole of

166 [July,

the ground being almost uniformly suffused with a leaden-grey colour, with the
veins and costa standing out conspicuously darker. Mr. R. S. Searle, three specimens
of BorJchausenia {(Ecophora) pseudospretella, Stt., found about three inches under
ground when pupa digging. Mr. J. T. Fountain, a piece of cork into which a
larva of Acroni/cta psl had bored its way to pupate. Mr, T. Gilbert Smith, a log of
larch containing Tetropiuni vrawsliayi, and gave details of its life-history, &c. He
said that it feeds only on larch trees which have just begun to fail. So few trees
were in just the right condition at one time, as a rule, that he thought the beetles
must possess some very powerful sense to enable them to find them. Mr. C. J.
Wainwright suggested that it was perhaps after all by chance that they found the
right trees ; that they laid eggs in many trees and that the larvae perished in the
unsuitable ones, and started fresh colonies in the suitable ones. Mr. E. C,
Rossiter thought, however, the beetles were guided by the sense of smell. He
reminded Members that turpentine was very attractive, and suggested that perhaps
when the trees failed, some chemical change gave rise to a different smell from them
which led the beetles to them. He said that to show how powerful these attrac-
tions are, some years ago he tried some experiments in the open air in London upon
turpentine, orange and lemon oils, &c., and found great numbers of moths drowned
in water tanks adjacent, evidently having been attracted by the oils. There were
great numbers of Zenzera pyrina, L., which he knew must have come from some
distance.

April ZOth, 1906.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. R. C. Bradley exhibited a species of Cheilonia taken by himself and
Mr. Colbran J, Wainwright at West Runton, Norfolk, in 1900, It had remained un-
recognised until now, but Mr. Gr. H. Verrall having sent a couple to Herr Becher, it
was pronounced by him to be C. velutina, Loew, a species new to Britain, Mr. J.
T. Fountain, a varied series of local forms of Hyhernia marginaria, Bleh., including
a remarkably pale specimen, very pale, and quite bleached looking, and somewhat
undersized ; it was taken at King's Heath on April 1st, 190fi, The majority were
dark, tending towards var.fuscata, Mosley, which is a common local form. Mr. J.
Simkins, JI. marginaria, both light and dark forms, from Solihull ; also specimens
of Macrothylacia rubi, L., which he had succeeded in rearing by forcing. He fed
them on oak, hibernated them in moss out of doors, kept them out of doors until
January, and after waiting until they had been frozen hard brought them in to a
temperature of 90° ; in two days they spun up, and in a fortnight emerged. He
considered the secret of his success to be owing to the fact that he had allowed
them to be frozen first before forcing them, Mr, H. W. Ellis, Amara nitida, a
beetle which was not uncommon at Knowle, though very rare elsewhere. Mr. T.
Gilbert Smith, a number of working drawings of the larvae and pupae of Coleoptera ;
one showed a very remarkable larva apparently of a Laraiid beetle allied to
Mesosa nuhila, but whilst the hitherto unbroken rule in the Lamiidx was that the
larva was legless, this showed remarkable rudimentary legs. Unfortunately the
larva was unique and died, so that it remains unknown, Mr, G. T, Bethune-Baker,
a collection of Lepidoptera made by himself in the Lake District last year. Also
two moths which had already been shown by Mr, W. E, Collinge and described as

1906.] 1^7

doing serious damage to the coco-iiut palm in Fiji. It proved to be new and to
belong to a new genus of the Syntomiidx. — Colbran J. Wain WRIGHT, Hon.
Secretary.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, May \{)th, 1906. — Mr. R. Adkin, President, in the Chaii*.

Mr. Eajward exhibited series of Hybernia marginaria {jirogemmaria) from
Liverpool and Surrey. The former were all dark, the latter had some of- the $ s
equally dark, but the J s were only moderately dark. Mr. Sich, living imagines of
Lithocolletis sylveJla from maple leaves eollected at Cookham, in October, 1905,
and kept in a flower pot in the open. A large number of lantern slides were
exhibited including (I) Mr. Main, larvae of Ag rolls ashwortkli, Nisoniades tages,
Apatura iris, Lucanus cervus, and the pupa of a saw-fly ; (2) Mr. Lucas, for
Mr. Hamm, illustrative of protective resemblance in Tephrosia blundularia, T. luri-
data, Rumia cratxgata, Cidaria mlata, Pararge egeria, &c., (3) Mr. Tonge ;
(4) Mr. West (Ashstead) : (5) Mr. Dennis ; and (6) Mr. F. Noad Clarke.

Thursday, May 2Uh, L906.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Main exhibited a nymph of the European Mantis religiosa, sent by
Dr. Chapman from South Maxime. Mr. Sich, an aberration of Lithocolletis
pomifolieUa, in which the median streak was connected with the first dorsal spot.
Mr. Carr, living larvae of Oeometra vernaria, some of which were still in their
hibernating skins. Mr. Kaye, living larvae of Thecla pruni. Mr. Tonge, a living
specimen of Eupithecia consignata, just taken on Hayling Island. Mr. Newman,
a long bred series of JBrephos notha from Worcester, Polyommalus corydon var.
fowleri, an intermediate form of Colias edusa, an extremely dark uniform form of
Ematurga atomaria, a somewhat streaked Chrysophanus phlxas, results of inter-
breeding Spilosoma liibricipeda, and a fine series of bred Notodonta trepida.
Dr. Chapman, larvae of Thecla ruhi. — IIy. J. Turner, Son. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, June 6th, 1906. — Mr. F.
Merrifield, President, in the Chair.

Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe exhibited specimens of Lomechusa strumosa, F.,
taken with Formica sangiiinea at Woking on May 26th and 29th, 1906. Only two
other British examples are known, one taken by Sir Hans Sloane on Hampstead
Heath in 1710, the other found by Dr. Leach while travelling in the mail coacli
between Grloucester and Cheltenham, and these are included in the British Museum
collection. Since 1866 it has been omitted from our lists where it was included
last by Crotch among the doubtful species. Dr. K. Jordan said that the species
was not uncommon in Central Germany, and that he had met with it in some
numbers at Hildesheim. Mr, H. J. Turner showed a case illustrating a large
number of the life-histories of Coleophorids, notes on which have appeared in the

168 tJ^iy- ^90G.

Society's Procoedings, or in the " Entomologist's Record." Mr. A. H. Jones, on
behalf of Mr. Henry Lnpton, a few butterflies from Majorca, captured between
April 8th and April 20th last. Comparing the specimens with those of similar
species from Corsica, also exhibited, they appeared to be smaller; the Pararge
megpera approached the form tigelius, the Ccenonympha pamphilus differed some-
what in the under-side, being darker. Only one moth was seen, 31. steUatarum.
Mr. Selwyn Image (a), a specimen of Cramhus erieellus, Hb., taken at Loughton,
Essex, August 8th, 1899. Not previously recorded from further south than
Cumberland ; {h) two specimens of Nola confasalis, H.-S. ab. columbiva. Image,
taken in Epping Forest, May 5th, 1906 ; and (c) a specimen of Feronea cristana, F.,
the ground colour of the upper-wings abnormally black, even more intensely black
than in the ab nigrana^ Clark. Taken in Epping Forest August 19th, 1905. Mr.
J. H. Keys sent for exhibition the type of Spathorrhamphus corsicus, Marshall, from
Yizzavona, Corsica. This fine Anthribid beetle was supposed by some Coleopterists
to have been an accidental importation into the mountainous regions of the island,
but was no doubt endemic. Mr. Gr. C. Champion remarked that he had taken
Plafyrrhinus latirostris, in numbers, at the same locality, in the beech and pine
forests {Pinus laricio) along the line of railway, above the tunnel. Dr. F. A.
Dixey, specimens of African Pierinse found by Mr. C. A. Wiggins on February 2nd,
1906, settled on damp soil near the Ripon Falls, Victoria Nyanza, and caught, to
the number of 153, at a single sweep of the net. Eight species were represented ;
the examples were all males, and, with one exception, belonged to the dry-season
form of their respective species. Prof. E. B. Poulton, F.R.S., communicated some
notes on Natal butterflies, which he had received from Mr. Or. H. Burn, of Weenen,
and exhibited four individuals of Euralia wahlberghi, Wallgr., and E. wima, Trim.,
captured by Mr. G-. A. K. Marshall, near Malvern, Natal. He then explained
Mr. Marshall's latest demonstration of seasonal phases in South African species of
the genus Precis, the proof by actual bi'eeding that P. tulcuoa, Wallgr., is the dry-
season phase of P. cergne, Boisd. He further showed 325 butterflies captured in
one day by Mr. C. B. Roberts, between the 8th and 10th mile from the Potaro
River, British Guiana, and drew attention to the preponderance of males ; also
epecimens of the Halticid beetle, Apteropeda orbiculata, Mar., taken in Stowe
Wood, Oxford, with its mimic Hemipteron, Halticus apterus, L. ; and of the
Staphylinid, Myrmedonia canaliculata, F., with Mgrmica rubra, race ruginodis,
taken near South Hinksey by Mr. W. Holland, the beetle looking exti'emely like
the ant. The following papers were read: " Some Bionomic Notes on Butterflies
from the Victoria Nyanza Region, with exhibits from the Oxford University
Museum," by S. A. Neave, B.A., F.E.S. " On the Habits of a species of Ptgelus in
British East Africa," by S. L. Hinde, illustrated by drawings by Mrs. Hinde,
communicated by Professor E. B. Poulton. " Mimetic forms of Papilio dardanua
(jnerope) and Acrxa johnstoni " and " Predaceous Insects and their Prey," by
Professor E. B. Poulton, D.Sc, F.R.S. " Studies on the Orthoptera in the Hope
Department, Oxford University Museum : I. Blattidae," and " A Note on a
Feeding Experiment on the Spider Nephila maculata,^^ by R. Shelford, M.A.,
F.L.S., F.E.S. —H. Rowland Brown, M.A., Hon. Secretary.

August, 1906.] 269

BLASTOTERE OLABRATELLA, Zblleu;
A SPECIES TAKEN FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ENGLAND.

BY THE RT. HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

Being almost continually occupied in working out exotic collections
I seldom take out a net during rather spasmodic visits to Norfolk;
it was, therefore, by a very remarkable stroke of luck that on June
19th I took two dozen good specimens of Blastoteo^e glabratella,
Zeller, from an old spruce-fir hedge in my kitchen garden here.

Had I not fortunately seen one sitting on the end of a branch
and immediately recognised it as an Argyresthia, it might excusably
have been passed over when on the wing for Ocnerostoma piniariella,
which abounds among Scotch fir not very far from the same spot. I
took it at first for B. illuminatella, lately added to our lists on the
strength of a specimen shown to me last year by Mr. Meyrick, and
consequently worked steadily for more than an hour to make up a
series.

On further examination and careful comparison it was found to
agree with Zeller's glahratella. The type itself is small and broken,
but one other also labelled by himself is very certainly the same as
my series, and a set in Hofmann's cabinet is precisely similar and
rightly named. The original description is in the Linnsea Entomolo-
gica, vol. II, pp. 293, 4 (1847), and was made from 1 ^ and 2 $ ? , of
which I am able to find one only in Zeller's cabinet, the others
having been added at a later date. The steely whitish grey, not
brassy yellowish or chalky yellowish, fore-wings distinguish it from
B. illuminatella and other near allies ; the yellowish head and annu-
lated antennae with pale yellowish basal joint are also noticeable.

The three latest additions to the British list in this genus suc-
ceeding each other somewhat rapidly are closely allied, and all asso-
ciated with conifers. I have bred B. atmoriella from Pinus larix ; B.
glahratella is recorded as feeding in twigs of Pinus ahies [Hrtm. MT.
Miinch. Ent. Ver., IV, 7, No. 1611 (1880)] ; and B. illuminatella is
said to feed on several species, which suggests the possihility of some
confusion.

The genus Blastotere, proposed by Katzeburg in 1840, would
include Meyrick's Section A of Argyresthia, " Fore-wings with 7 and
8 stalked" [HB. Br. Lp,, 703 (1895)], for which reason the use of
this generic name is advocated.

In Staudinger and Kebel's Catalog, 1901, 136, No. 2430, I am
quoted as having confused Argyresthia illuminatella, Z., with A. atmo-

170 [August,

riella, Bankes. This is jiu error. I always regarded tbe latter as a
good and distinct species. My mistake was in supposing that certain
varieties of A. yrcecoceUa, Z., taken by Salvage in Scotland were illumi-
natella, Z., and the reference under No. 2430 should be under No. 2427
if anywhere. My apology appeared in Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIT, 98, 99
(1896).

Merton Hall, Thetford, Norfolk :
July Wi, 1906.

NOTES ON THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE BALEARIC ISLANDS.
BT A. H. JONES, F.E.S.

Islands are usually restricted in their insect fauna. Corsica, for
instance, with its area of 3376 square miles, its lofty mountains
(Monte Cristo reaching 8S89 ft.) and rivers afford suitable condi-
tions for the support of Lepidopterous life, but it w'ould compare
very unfavourably w'ith any corresponding area of similar elevation
in Central and Southern EurojDC, where no doubt 140 species of
butterflies w^ould be found ; whereas in Corsica there are probably
not more than 70; but why Majorca, with an area of 1430 square
miles, and a chain of mountains running parallel with the coast
attaining an elevation in several instances of over 4500 ft., should
be so destitute of Lepidopterous life is somewhat mysterious.

The Balearic Islands geologically belong to the mountain system
of Andalusia, which is prolonged by a submarine ridge extending
from Cape Nao, and one might almost expect to find some of the
Leindoptera peculiar to Andalusia, but so far such does not appear to
be the case; the Lepidopterous fauna, poor as it is, being apparently
derived from the north coast of the Mediterranean. Two reasons
may be assigned for this dearth of insect life. First, the arid condi-
tion of the island, the mountains not attaining a sufficient elevation
to afford a supply of water during the summer months, when the
rivers are practically dry ; and secondly, the character of the plants
being not suitable for the support of Lepidopterous larvae. During a
visit to the island of Majorca from June Ist to 10th last year I noticed
but 13 species of butterflies and 8 of moths ; they presented wdth but one
exception the usual South European form. The size of nearly all the
specimens was below the average with the exception of Fieris rapce
which flourished and was a fine race. In my opinion the most likely
places in the island where additions to the list might be made are

1906.] 171

Seller, Miramar, and Llucb, situated in the range of Mountains before
referred to. The country there is well wooded, and not so much
under cultivation.

So far, no endemic species has been found in the islands.

The following is a list of the species observed by myself, and I
have added a few species which Mr. Henry Lupton found between
April 8th and 20th this year ; —

Papilio podalirius, 2 or 3 observed by Mr. Lupton. Fieris rap.r, abundant,
fine form ; P. bra.ssicas, observed by Mr. Lupton ; P. daplidice^ 1 $ captured by
Mr. Lupton. Leptidia sinapis, 1 S captured by Mr. Lupton. Colias edusa,
several specimens, Qoyiepteryx rhamni and cleopatra, occasional specimens.
Pyrameis cardui, one specimen ; several captured by Mr. Lupton. Pararge
segeria, generally distributed and fairly common. South European form ;
P, megxra, common. Some of the specimens approached v. tigelius slightly.
Epitiejjhele jurtina var. hispulla, 1 ? only ; E. ida, one specimen at Soller,
commoner at Pollensa. Coenonympha pamphilus, several captured by Mr. Lupton.
Chrysophanua phlseas^ scarce. Lycxna icarus, abundant, usual South European
form ; L. astrarche, Berg., 3, ordinary from Miramar. Cyaniris argiolus, fairly
common, one specimen taken as small as L. alsus. Deilephila lineata, Soller, a
dead specimen given me. Macroglossa sfellatarum, fairly common, observed also
by Mr. Lupton. Acidalia ochrata, 3 $, Miramar; A. degeneraria,\ S at rest,
Lluch ; A. marginepunctata, Goze, I cJ , Lluch. Agrotis saucia, 1 flying in the
sunshine, Pollensa. Stenia punctalis, a few, Lluch. Nomophila noctuella {hyhrl-
dalis), common at Lluch.

Eltham : June 30th, 1906.

[Minorca would appear to be considerably richer in Lepidoptera
than its larger neighbour. In my old Mediterranean diary, under the
dale of August 19th, 1874, 1 find no fewer than 17 species of butterflies
noted as observed in a day's collecting within two or three miles of
the town of Mahon. These include Papilio machaon, Gonepteryx
Cleopatra^ Colias edicsa, Pieris Irassicce, raped, and daplidice ; Pararge
aageria (very dark), P. megcera, Epinephele jurtina var. hispulla, and
E. ida; Pyrameis cardui and atalanta ; CJirysophanus pTilceas var. eleus,
Lyccena argiolus, felicanus, icarus, and astrarche. The moths noted on
the same occasion were Macroglossa stellatarum, not rare ; Deiopeia
pulchella, " quite a drug " ; Porthetria dispar, numerous egg-patches
and empty pupa-cases on willows ; Acontia luctuosa, Sterrha sacraria,
Marga7'odes unionalis, Botys sp. ? Gataclysta lemnalis and Nomophila
noctuella. — J. J. W.]

p 2

172 [August,

LEPIDOPrERA-IIETEROCERA FROM MAJORCA, COLLECTED BY
A. H. JONES, ESQ, 1905.

BY LOUIS B. PROUT, F . P: . S .

Mr. Jones has kindly given me the opportunity of studying the
Heterocera which he collected and has asked me to contribute a note
on them. I find that they fully support the conclusion to which the
BhopaJocera led him, that the island, unlike that of Corsica, does not
produce any endemic forms. All the species obtained are widely
distributed, two {Ac/j^otis [Feri(^romn'\ saucin^ Hb., and Nomophila
noctuella, Hb.) being, indeed, cosmopolitan. The rest (Acidalia
ockrata, !Scop., A. der/enerarla, Hb., A. marqinepunctata, Goeze, and
Stenia punctalis, Schiif.) occur over a wide area in the Palaearctic
region, and are well known in Britain.

I may add regarding the Geometrids, which Mr. Jones has been
kind enough to add to my collection, that the Acidnlia ochrata (two
(^) and marginepunctata (one ^) are fine large specimens, but not
differing appreciably from some others from the South of Europe
(Italy, &c.). The A. degeneraria (also a single specimen) is very
interesting, being uniformly of the fine rufous colour which one finds
in the central area only of our brightest normal specimens (e.g., the
form figured by Milliere, Icon., 100, 15, as var. meridiaria) with the
black " central shade " rather thick and heavy. There is no similar
specimen in my collection, or in that of the British Museum ; nor am
I acquainted with any reference to it in literature, and it is very
possible that further material would show it to form a local race, but
the species is known to be decidedly aberrant. The specimen is per-
haps slightly below the average size.

October 10th, 1905.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE LIST OF
BRITISH RYMENOPTERA SINCE 1896.

BY EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.R.S.

{Continued from page 155).

Crabro cavifrons, Thorns. = ceplialotes auct. {pars.).

As ceplialotes, Fab., Panz., &c., appears to be an admixture of

probably several species, txnd there seems to be no probability of

settling the question by reference to the types, I think we shall do

well to follow the continental Entomologists and to call our common

19060 173

Rpeciea cnvifrons^ Thorns. Of this determination, at any rate, there
appears to be no doubt. Thomson in his Hymenoptera Seandinaviae
makes two species of our ceplialotes, cavifrons, Th., and plnnifrons, Th.
Of these cavifrons is our common species, but I have little doubt that
planifrons occurs also in Britain ; in fact, I possess a single ^ ex
Shuckard's collection without date or locality. T have no doubt it is
a British specimen, but until more evidence is to hand T do not pro-
pose to introduce it into our list. Still it may be well here to point
out the distinctive features of the two species so as to enable any
one who may come across planifrons to recognise it.

It i8 rather smaller than cavifrons. In the $ the excavation between the two
teeth of the 3rcl antenna! joint is not nearly so deep, so that the joint has an
altogether thicker and clumsier appearance, and the clypeus is clothed with silvery,
not golden, hairs. This character, however, is probably variable.

The 9 may be recognised easily by the shape of the clypeus, vehich is produced
and narrowly truncate in the centre, the distance between the teeth or angles of the
truncature being much less than that which lies between each of them and the black
prominent tooth which limits the lateral emargination — in this respect it more
resembles the following species, but the central teeth are nearer each other and
further from the lateral ones than in saundersi.

Crahro saundersi, Perk. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxv, p. 261).
This very distinct species is, as Mr. Perkins points out, almost
certainly that which is described as sexcinctus by Wesmael, and it is
also I think undoubtedly the species which is known by tbe name of
sexcinctus, Fab., among continental Entomologists ; at the same time
no one has pointed out the peculiar character of the (^ , viz., the fine
tuft of curled hairs on the first tooth of the antennae, and without
reference to Fabricius' type it is impossible to be sure what his species
is : therefore Mr. Perkins has renamed it.

It may be known from cavifrons, Thoms., by its usually rather larger size, and
darker coloration, the black being more extensive. In the $ the first three teeth
of the antennae are equidistant, whereas in cavifrons the distance between the Ist
and 2nd is greater than that between the 2ikI and 3rd. There is also the distinctive
character of the curled hairs at the apex of the first tooth.

The ? may be known by the form of the clypeus — in saundersi ihe outer teeth
of the quadridentate margin are much more distant from the inner ones than the
inner ones are from each other, and the face is much wider across the eyes in pro-
portion to its height. The clypeus in both sexes is silvery, whereas as a rule in
cavifrons it is golden. As, however, cavifrons occasionally vai'ies in this respect, no
reliance can be put on this as a character.

Coast of Devonshire and North Wilts. (R. C. L. Perkins) ;
Lyme Regis (Nevinsou).

174 [August,

DiPLOPTERA,

Fespa austriaca, Pz. ^ (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxii, ]>. 212).
This sex of austrioca was first recorded from Britain in 1896,
Mr. O. Picl?ard Cambridoje having secured both sexes in Dorsetshire.
Since then it has occurred in various localities. Mr. Chas. Kobson of
Newcastle-on-Tyne in 1898 {cf. Sc. Gossip, vol. v, pp. 69 and 70)
succeeded in finding both sexes in an old nest of F. germanica, which
he had had in his possession since 1887, thereby proving, what had
been suspected by Schmiedeknecht and others, its parasitic or inqui-
line relations with ricfa. A further and most interesting article
on this species, by Messrs. Carpenter and Pack-Beresford may be
found in the " Irish Naturalist" for September, 1903, and in this
Magazine, vol. xxxix, p. 230 et se^.

The male may be known at once by its short cheeks and hairy tibiae. It is
the only British species in which these two characters are combined. It has also
the long first segment of the abdomen as in the ? , which is distinctly longer than
in rufa.

Odynerus (Hoplopus) simillimus, Mor. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxix, p. 6).
This fine addition to our list was made by Mr. W. H. Harvvood,
who took a single c? in 1901, near Colchester, and his son the year
after captured a few of both sexes on flowers near a ditch on the
marshes.

It should be placed next to renifornis, Gm. in our list, as it possesses in the $
the curious genal and coxal spines which characterise that species, but in shnillitnus
the former are black and not yellow, and the latter are finer, shorter, black at the
base, and yellow only towards the apex, whereas in reniformis they are entirely
yellow anteriorly ; the colour of the pale markings is throughout whiter than in
reniformis, and the abdominal bands are narrower. This coloration gives it more
the appearance of a large melanocephalus, especially in the ? . There is, however,
an important character which will distinguish it at once from any other species, and
that is the form of the metapleurae, each of which bears a somewhat ill-defined, but
distinct, tubercle. The post-scutellum in the ? has a pale band which will further
serve to distinguish it from melanocephalus.

Odynerus {Leionofus) tomenfosiis, Thorns. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxvi,

p. 172).
This species is the only one of the Leionotus section that has any
claim to a place in the British list, and unfortunately no locality is
recorded for it. Mr. R. C. L. Perkins introduced it on a series of
specimens in the Walcott Collection at Cambridge. I think there is
no reason for doubting the British origin of these, so one can only
hope for further records of its capture.

190S.] 175

In colour and general appearance ifc is like several of our species, but I think it
more closely resembles pictus than any other ; from this, however, and from all its
apparent allies it may be separated at once by the following sectional characters : —
Bnsal segment of abdomen without any basal transverse carina, antennae of the $
terminating in a hook as in the Ancistrocerus section ; the ? may be known from
any of the Hoplopu^ section by the less cupuliform basal segment of the abdomen
and the absence of any central impression near the apical mai'gin.

Odynerus {Si/mmorplius) hifasciatus, Linn. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxviii,

p. lOG).
We are indebted to Mr. W. H. Tuck of Bury St. Edmunds for
this addition, of which he found numerous specimens iti his own
neighbourhood ; it is very closely allied to sinuatus, but may be
known from it by the following characters : —

The post petiole of the first abdominal segment in hifasciatus, i.e., the portion
beyond the basal transverse ridge, is more quadrate and less cone shaped than in
sinuatus, the sides diverging from the basal ridge much less rapidly, the general
effect being that the post petiole of hifasciatus looks and really is distinctly broader
than long, whereas that of sinuatus looks longer than wide, although actually the
apical margin is longer than the length of the post petiole, the longitudinal fovea
of the disc in hifasciatus is less defined than in sinuatus, the pronotum is entirely
black, the legs are less variegated with yellow, and the abdominal bands are slightly
narrower.

Anthophila..
Colletes montanus, Mor. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxv, p. 262).

This species was first sent to me by Mr. A. A. Dalglish, who took
both sexes on Irvine Moor, near Glasgow, in July, 18S9. It has since
been taken by Col. Terbury at Waterville, in Ireland, in July and
August, 1901.

It resembles C. daviesanus in the shining, finely and comparatively remotely,
punctured basal segment of the abdomen, and is very distinct from any of our other
species. The ^ may be known from daviesanus by its brighter coloration when
fresh, the absence of the hairy tooth at the side of the 6th ventral segment, and
the form of the Vth, which is produced into two long parallel-sided processes
slightly spatuliform at their apices, and the absence of the long knife like blades of
the sagittce so characteristic of the armature of daviesanus. In the ? the face is
not so wide as in daviesanus, and the cheeks between the eyes and mandibles dis-
tinctly longer, the hairs of the face white ; abdomen coal-black, basal segment rather
strongly, but not very closely, punctured, the bands of the segments white.

V Frosopis spilota, Forst. = masoni, E. Saund.

The very perplexing group with dilated scapes in the ^ has been
carefully studied by Mr. J. D. Alfken of Bremen, who has had the

176 [August,

types of Forster's monograph of this genus in his hands, and he has
made the above identification. The ? only was described by Forster,
but it seems clear that it is identical with our British species.

Prosopis hrieclilaumeri, Forst. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxvi, p. 49)
= palusfris, Perk.

This distinct species, introduced by Mr. K. C. L. Perkins, was
taken by bim in Wicken Fen and in similar localities in Suffolk,
frequentintr flowers of brambles, thistles, &c. and burrowing in the
dry stems of reeds.

Its nearest ally is P. communix, but TcriecTihaumeri is larger and stouter. The
face in the g is entirely yellow below the antennae, the colour continued backwards
broadly along the borders of the eyes for some distance above the insertion of the
antennse, and of a paler tint than that of communis. The 7th and 8th rentral
segments are unlike those of any of our species, and are well figured in
Mr. Perkins' paper {loc. cit.). The ? may be known by the impunctate basal
segment of the abdomen and the structure of the propodeura, which in Tcriech-
haumeri is less abrupt posteriorly, and the central area is reduced posteriorly to
a narrow median line.

Halictus freygessneri, Alfk. = suhfasciatus, Smith, E. Saund. (partim)
(Ent. Mo. Mag., xl, p. 250).

(? flagellum of antennse paler beneath (very pale testaceous after the Ist joint),
the contrast between the 1st and 2nd very strong, face decidedly narrower than in
fulvicornis, only slight indications of the basal spots on the 2nd and 3rd abdominal
segments, posterior tarsi wide, 2nd joint as wide as long, genital armature dark
brown.

? face narrower, propodeal area smoother, i.e., with the rugosities less defined,
abdominal segments impunctate or nearly so at the base, basal pubescent spots of
the 2nd scarcely indicated, apical margins of the segments only very narrowly dark
testaceous.

Scotland, Ilfracombe, Tunbridge Wells.

Ralictus fulvicornis, Kirh. = suhfasciatus, Smith, E. Saund. (partim)
(Ent. Mo. Mag., xl, p. 250).

J antennae darker beneath (dark testaceous), face distinctly wider, conspicuous
spots of white pubescence at the base of the 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments,
posterior tarsi narrower, the 2nd joint decidedly longer than wide, genital armature
testaceous red.

? face shorter, propodeum with the rugosities more pronounced and more
clearly defined (crisper), abdominal segments finely but distinctly punctured at the
base, lateral pubescent spots of the 2nd and 3rd well defined, posterior margins
widely testaceous.

A fairly common species in the South, but it is difficult to get at

1906.] 277

the distribution of the two species as they are probably mixed in
many collections. The tarsal characters of the (^ distinguish the two
species readily, but in the ? the characters are much more difficult
to seize,

Halicfus semipunctulatus, Schenck. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xl, p. 11).

This little species has only been taken, so far as I know, by
Mr. E. B. Nevinson, who discovered it at Lyme Regis in July, 1903.
It should follow pauxiUus in our list, to which, and to fuhncornis, it
is pretty closely allied, but may be distinguished by the following
characters.

It maj be known from both by the wider face and the paler margins of the
abdominal segments. From fuJvicornis the J may be known by the short antennae,
the hairs on the ventral segments, and by the less rugose propodeum with less sharp
brow ; the $ by the propodeum, which lacks the prominent lateral angles, by the
less convex abdomen, and the more punctured basal segment.

From pauxillus the J may be known by the form of the abdominal segments,
which are not impressed at the base as in pauxiUus, and by the sharp brow of the
propodeum. The $ by the entire raised apical margin of the propodeum, and the
less strongly marked apical depressions of the abdominal segments.

Halicfus suhaurafiis, Rossi = fframineus, Smith.

I am following Mr. A If ken in this identification. There is,
I think, no doubt that he is right.

(^To be continued) .

PSORA OP AC A, Mg., and PEORA PERENNIS, Mg.
BY J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

In the genus Fliora a small group of species with the bristles
on the frons all reclinate, have usually been separated from the rest
by having only three distinct thin veins to the wing, the axillary vein
being either abbreviated, indistinct, or absent ; to this group belong
P. opaca, Mg., and P. perennis, Mg , the latter considered by Becker,
in his recent excellent Monograph of the European Species, to be a
synonym of the former ; none of the species are by any means
common, and as the sexes differ considerably in the characters made
use of for separating the species, it has always been difficult to name
female specimens. Becker himself experienced this difficulty, and in
his table of species gave no characters by which one might separate

178 [August,

the females of opncn, oiigricornis, and luf/ubris* The great value of
Becker's work can be realised by only those who previously studied
the family, but he was weak in his knowledge of the females of this
group, and was led to include females with dark halteres under his
opaca, and to the conclusion that the colour of the halteres was vari-
able in that species. If his knowledge of the sex had been greater
he would have recognised that the type specimen of opaca in the
Paris Museum was not the same as the species he described under
that name.

I have recently critically examined the type specimens of opaca
and perennis, and find that the species standing in our List as opaca,
and described by I^ecker under that name, is identical with pet^ennis,
Mg., while Meigen's opaca is a different species described by him in
his Syst. Beschr, vi, p. 216, as follows : —

" 12. Pn. OPACA,
" Schwarz ; Scliwinger und Beine braun ; Knie gelb ; Fliigel muchfarbig.
" Nigra ; halteribus pedibusque fuscis ; genubus luteis : alis infumatis.

" Matt grauschwarz, mit braunen Schwingern. TJntergesicht glanzend
" schwarz, mit einer vertieften Langslinie. Taster und Fuhler schwarz. Beine
*' schlank, dunkelbraun, mit gelben Knien. Fliigel ruszfarbig, arn Vorderrande
" zart gewimpert ; Kandadern dunkelbraun ; die vierte Liingsader fehlt. — Nur das
" Weibchen.— li Linie."

The type specimen has a broad, shining proboscis which Meigen
probably mistook for the face, his description of the face as shining
black can hardly be explained in any other way, as the face of a
I'hora is short and almost entirely hidden by the antennae. The
specimen agrees with the description in other respects, and I un--
hesitatingly consider it a female of nigricornis, Egger, which,
together with trinervis, Beck., possesses a long broad proboscis.

To turn to oth.T descriptions of opaca we find that Macquart's
appears to be only an abbreviation of Meigen's. Zetterstedt made
no mention of the shining face, but retained " halteres nigricantes,"
thereby shutting out perennis, his description of the wings as having
a streak along the costa from the thick veins to near the wing tip
applies best to luguhris ? , but the description might cover several
species.

Schiner's opaca cannot possibly be that of Becker, for he called
the palpi narrow, yet fairly long, the proboscis more projecting than

* I leave the publication of characters whereby these species may be known to Dr. J. H.
Wood, who is at work upon a revision of the genus.

i9o«. 179

in the generality of other species, mid and hind tibiae each with one
bristle on the outer-side, halteres blackish, and knew only females ;
this would seem to indicate females of trinervis, Beck., more than as
Schiner thought probable females of nigricornis, ^gg., {=opaca, Mg.).

The species described by Becker as opaca is evidently the same
as that standing in our List under that name ( = perennis, Meig.) as
is proved by his figures of the genitalia and wing ; our List must
therefore be corrected by adding P. peremiis, Mg., and placing nigri-
cornis^ ^gg., as a synonym of opaca, Mg. With regard to nigricornis
I would call attention to the fact that the majority of specimens I
have seen, including all those in Kowarz's Collectinn, have no bristle
on the hind tibia near the middle which the species was described as
bearing, this may indicate another species, or be only a variation, in
either case it does not affect the synonymy, as in the type specimen
of opaca the bristle is present as described by Egger.

Newmarket : July, 1906.

Carpophilus sexpustidatus, F., restored to the British List. — Amongst a lot of
hitherto undetermined beetles I found recently a fine specimen of this species.
The card to which it is affixed bears the date " 23.3.94." Referring to my diary I
find that on this day, being Good Friday, our local Naturalists' Society made an
excursion to Edlington and Wadworth Woods, near Doncaster. The season was a
very backward one, the trees and hedgerows quite bare, and the grasses and other
vegetation showing little sign of spring. The day, however, was beautifully fine.
My energies were directed to bark under which I have no doubt the specimen in
question was found. On submitting it to my friend Dr. Corbett, he confirmed my
determination, and surprised me by producing another specimen labelled " Sandall
Beat, 18.3.04." Dr. Corbett tells me it was found under the bark of an elm. This
capture is interesting for two reasons : first, as showing that the species is not
confined to one locality, the two woods being fully four miles apart in a straight
line ; secondly, the almost identical time of the year at which both specimens were
taken. Respecting its inclusion in the British List there has been a considerable
fluctuation of opinion. Murray (Trans. Linn. Soc, xxiv, 386, plate 32, fig. 12) 1864,
says : " not uncommon in Britain." Crotch does not mention it in the first edition
of his list, but includes it amongst the " doubtfully indigenous " in the second
edition, in which opinion he was followed by Rye (1866). In Dr. Sharp's second
edition (1883) it is -included without question, but Sharp and Fowler (1893), and
Beare and Donisthorpe (1904) relegate it to the list of introduced species. The
present records should restore it to its old place in the British List, the conditions
under which both specimens were found leaving no room for doubt as to their
being truly indigenous.— E. Q-. Bayford, 2, Rockingham Street, Barnsley : July,
1906.

] 80 [August,

Uncommon heetlea at 'Edlington arid Wadioorth Woods, Yorkshire. — These
woods have furnished several interesting species of Coleoptera. Naeerdes melanura,
Sch., usually looked upon as a coast species, lias been taken there by Mr Young of
Rotherham, who has also met with Melastis hupresfoides, L., Stenostola ferrea,
Sell., Liodes humeralia, Ivug., Corijmhites pectinicornis, L., all species by no means
common in Yorkshire. — Id.

MicroptUium pulchellum^ All., from Berkshire. — When examining tufis of
grass last March at the edge of a jiond near here, I took four specimens of a minute
Trichopterygid. These have proved to be MicroptUium pulchellum, All. Canon
Fowler mentions two specimens as having been taken by Mr. G!-. R. Waterhouse,
" but T do not know in what locality." I believe it has not been recorded since. —
Norman H. Jot, Bradfield, Berks: Julif 3rd, 1906.

Sibinia sodalis, Germ., and Apion filirostre, Kirhy, in Devonshire. — Mr. J. H.
Keys and I each took three specimens of Sibinia sodalis, Germ., on Armeria
vu7gari.<f at the edge of the red sandstone clifPs near Dawlish on May 19th. On
June 18th I obtained three more. One example of Apion filirostre, Kirby, was
taken by me while sweeping at Christow, Devon, on May 8th. — Philip de la
G-ABDE, Manor House, Shaldon, Teignmouth : July, 1906.

Lytta vesicatoria, L., in the Isle of Wight. — On July 11th I was fortunate
enough to take a J example of Lytta vesicatoria, L., crawling in a lane near
Whitwell, Isle of Wight.— G. E. Bryant, Fir Grove, Esher : July \Qth, 1906.

Cateremna terebrella, ZTc., in Surrey. — On March 22rd last whilst standing
beneath a large spruce fir to avoid a heavy snow storm, I thought I would examine
a few of the fallen cones, as I wished to breed some Cydia {Coccyx) strobitella for a
correspondent ; the very first one (a very small, rough looking one) examined, con-
tained two larvae, which I felt sure were those of the knothorn above named. I
need hardly remark that the snowstorm was forgotten, and I set to work to find
more of these small rough cones, but with very little success, the vast majority
being full-sized. I paid another visit to the spot and found only two or three more
suspicious looking ones. The Tortrix appeared in due time, and I had almost
given up hope when to-day a nice specimen of Cateremna terebrella appeared, the
first I have seen alive, and somewhat larger than the single Norfolk specimen in
my cabinet. I think this is an addition to the Surrey list of Lepidopfera. —
A. Thurnall, Thornton Heath : July 3rd, 1906.

Andrena lapponica, Zett., near Leith Hill.— On May 13th, as I was walking
from Dorking to Leith Hill, I saw an Andrena visiting the flowers of the whortle-
berry, which on capture proved to be A. lapponica, Zett., ? . I kad very little
time to spare, and it was rather late in the day, about 2 o'clock, or probably more
could have been taken.— G. E. Frisby, 9, Fengates Road, Redhill : July, 1906.

1906.] 181

Note on Agrion aniiatum, Ilet/er. — Tlie ivferenees lu tliis species as a Britisli
insect, as far as I liave seen tlieni, have been so meagre and guarded that about all
that I can say concerning it is, that its occurrence in a certain area has been
authenticated. It has also been referred to in these records as a species every-
where rare — on what grounds I do not know, as already in the " Revue" it is said
to be comn\on in Southern Sweden. Like other species of Agrion it is no doubt
local, and added to this, it is a species which has apparently a restricted geogra-
phical range. I owe to the courtesy of Herr Esben Petersen a fine series of both
sexes (males preponderating) taken this season in Denmark. The number and con-
dition of these seem to prove that it is neither uncommon where it occurs, nor is
the taking of it a time-robbing occupation. I think the true explanation of the
view of its supposed rarity that has got about, is to be found in the time of its
appearance. All the specimens referred to were taken on the same day, May 12th,
a date that would be considered, as a rule, too early for profitable dragon-fly
hunting. A specimen (J) in my collection, bearing the date June loth, already
shows signs of weai'. This note may serve as a hint to those who have opportuni-
ties of collecting in the Eastern counties at the right time. — K. J. Morton,
13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh : July 2nd, 1906.

Diptera in Scotland in 1905. — During the past year I found JJiptera plentiful,
and many new species were added, to my collection. My captures are not all
worked out, and I only mention here those about the identification of which I
feel certain.

In this district Porphyrops riparia, Mg., occurred in some numbers in May
and June, and I also took, among others, Ptychoptera albimana, F., 31.viii.05 ;
Chalarus spurius, Fin., 24'.viii.05, and Rhamphomyia nigripes, F., 28.V.05. A $
of Spilogaster uliginosa, Fin., was taken on the window 2.vii.05. Several speci-
mens, (J and ? , of Beris chalybeata, Forst., were taken in May, and I should like
to mention B. geniculata, Curt., taken in August and September, 1903 and 1904,
and kindly named for me recently by Mr. Verrall. From fungi, I bred, in May,
Homaloinyia monilis, Hal., and I reared several examples of Corethra plumicornis,
¥., from larvae found in abundance near the Pentland Hills early in May ; the flies
emerged from May 15th to June 7th.

A visit to Polton on June 24th produced a good many flies, including : Macro-
cera angulata, Mg., 2 (? J , Molophilus appendiculatus, Stseg., Rhamphomyia Jlava,
Fin., <J , R. hyhotina, Ztt., 1 <? , 2 ? $ , Gloma fuscipennis, Mg., ^ , Dolichopus
popularis, W., Sphegina clunipes, Fin., Hyetodesia semicinerea, W., and HydrO'
tsea militaris, Mg., the last in numbers.

On June 29th I went to Aberlady and found Diptera in swarms, consisting
chiefly of Anthomyidse and Dolichopodidx. Of the latter family my best capture
was Dolichopus clavipes, Hal., of which I got a long series. I took two J J and
one ? of the very pretty Oxycera trillneata, F., and might have taken hundreds of
a Nemo/eltiSy which seems to represent the two species uliginosus, L., and notatuS)

1S2 [August,

Ztt., but tliej are difficult to make out from Scliiner. I also took 2 J (J of Nemo-
telus nigrinus, Fin. Among others that turned up were Kydrotsea palxstrica, Mg.,
S, Norellia liturata, Mg., J, Cordj/Iura pudica, Mg., 9, Scio7ni/za cinerella^
Fin., (? , and Ochthiphila polystigma^ .V!g., common. A second visit on August 7th
produced many of those taken in June, but Nemotelus did not turn up, and Dolicho-
podidie were fewer in numbers, but the following species were new : D. griseipennis,
Stan., D. trivialis, Hal., Sgntormon pallipes, F., Campsicnemiis scambus,¥h\. ^,
C. curvipes, Fin,, and Teuchophonis spinigerellun, Ztt. (? , ? . On nettles close to
the shore I found Beris vallata, Forst., in some numbers, in company with a saw-
fly coloured exactly like itself. I turned many out of ray net before I noticed the
difference. I was pleased to get, on the leaves of Iris, specimens of Loxocera
aristata, Pz., and its melanic Xdiviety yerburyi, Aust.

Tetanocera Ixvifrons, Lw., Graphomyia picta, Ztt., and Themira putris, L.,
were also among my captures.

During the first three weeks of September I was in my old quarters at
Aberfoyle, Perthshire; not having been there before so late in the season, I added
many species to my list for the locality. By sweeping about over fungi I got a good
many Mycetophilidx, including Sciara thomse, L., Tetragonenra sylcatlca, Curt.,
Scej)tonia nigra, Mg., Bolitophila cinerea, Mg., Mycetophila punctata, Mg.,
M. signata, Mg., 'and species of Sciophila, Ehymosia, Exechia, Boletina, and
Cordyla, which I am unable to satisfactorily determine. Sweeping grass, heather,
etc., on the hills, produced JDoIickopus atripes, Mg., Syntormon zelleri, Lw. (a <J of
this rare species) Platypeza picta, Mg., ^ , Sepsis violacea, Mg., Drymia hamata,
Fin., and Tetanocera elata, F. In wooded places I found Limnophila lineola, Mg.,
Hemerodromia precatoria, Fin., H. melanocephala, Hal., Hyhos grossipes, L.,
S. femoratus, Miill., Pyrellia cyanicolor, Ztt., Morellia simplex, Lw., Tipula
lutescens, F., and many others. Rhamphomyia variabilis, Fin., was fairly common,
and I got a great many R. spinipes, Fin., on bracken. Lianealus virens, Scop., was
widely distributed over the hills, occurring on damp rocks. Pipiza noctiluca, L.,
and Leptis lineola, F., were taken at Loch Ard, as also a good series ( J ? ) of a
fine Limnophora, which as yet I have been unable to make out. It was common
resting on the rocks along the side of the Loch. — A. E. J. Cartee, 4, West
Holmes Gardens, Musselburgh : June bth, 1906.

" Types of Siphonaptera in the Daleian Collection." — Under the above title
the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, in this Magazine (ser. II, vol. xiv, p. 144 et seq.)
criticises the species of Pulicidx described as new by the late Mr. C. W. Dale in
" The History of Glanvilles Wootton." Four of these species (Pulex cuniculi,
Ceratophyllus musteUe, C. gallinuhe,a.nd Tyjjhlopsylla sorec/*) are admitted as valid
by Mr. Rothschild, and the types of these, mounted as microscopic slides, are now
in the Hope Department of the Oxford University Museum, having been quite
recently received with the extensive and valuable collections bequeathed by Mr.
Dale to the University.— James J. Walker, Oxford : July I7th, 1906.

183

1906.]

Thc Buttehpliss of the Bbit.su ISI.BS. Bj Richard Socih, F.E.S.
(Wajside and Woodland Series). London : F. Warne and Co., lUtl6.

This latest addition to the long series of works on our British Bnlterfl.es „ ,n
so,ne respeets a distinct advance on all its predecessors. It is not easy to reah.e on
fooking at the outside of this tastefnllj got up little voUtme, that between .ts
covers are no fewer than 127 plates containing «0 Ufc-8i.e coloured flgu.-es of o.,r
native butterBies, and nearly 300 figures in black-and-white illustrating the deta.ls
of the life-history of nearly evc-y species. The coloured figures, while ma.ntam.ng
on the whole a high standard of n,eril, vary in excellence, as is perhaps .nev, able
with the "three-colour" process by which they are executed. Many of them
however, are really admirable, and we would call special attention to Plate I,
fron, a beautiful drawing by Mr. Horace Knight of the life-history of Pap.ho
,nachaou, showing the under-sides of both sexes of the perfect insect, as one of
the ve.-y best wc have ever seen. Equally good, if not even super.or to th.s, are
so.ne of the black-and-white plates, those of the under-sides of Pararge meg^ra
and Ca^«o,,y,npha pamphilu., especially the latter, reproducing the character and
text„,-e of the insects with .narvellous fidelity. In the case of so.ne spec.es as
Lyc:ena Icaru., .nore than a dozen figures are given, and many interest..,g var.et.es
and aberrations of this and other species find a place in the coloured plates. The
illusfations of the life-histories of the species form a most valuable feature of ^e
book, of which it is quite safe to say that our butterflies have never before bee,, so
well and amply illustrated as in this little pocket volume. Turning to the letter-
press, the name of the author is a suflicient guarantee of its soundness and
accuracy, though of necessity the notices of each species are brief and condensed.
Mr South makes no effort at technical or so-called " scientific wrrt.ng, but d.s-
courses of his subject m a plcasa.,t and easy style, while his introductory ..marks
convey in a very small space a large amount of useful general and pract.cal .nfor-
mation. We should have liked to have seen a more extended synonym.e l.st (w.th
the authors' names attached to the species and principal varieties) placed .n a more
prominent position in the book, instead of being relegated to the end; a.td the
popular or so-called " English" names appear to us to have an undue precedence
over those by which Entomologists recognise the species. These are, however, only
minor drawbacks to an excellent little work, which will, we feel sut-e, rece.ve a
hearty welcome from the advanced student, no less than from the beg...ner It .s
by no means an easy task to write a satisfactory book on our Brrt.sh Butterfl.es,
a;.d we may congrat..late the author very heartily on the successful manner m
which he has carried out his undertaking.

Eepokt op the Hopb PEOFESaoE OP ZooioaT, 1905. Edited by Ei>wiED
B. POCLTON, D.SC, M.A., F.R.S., Hope Professor of Zoology in the Un.vers.ty ot
Oxford (P.-inted for private circulation).

The "Hope Department" of the Oxford University Museum has for some
years past been recognised as one of the chief modern centres of Entomolog.cal
activity and research, and the annual reports issued by the learned and energet.o
Professor at its head, are important landmarks in the progress of the science, ihe

184 (August,

present report shows no falling off, either in quality or quantity of work, from any
of its predecessors, and will be read with much satisfaction and interest by all Ento-
mologists. The immense general collection of insects of all Orders in the Hope
Department, second only in extent and importance to the National Collection, and
including, according to a census completed during the current year and published
in the Report, nearly half-a-million specimens, and a vast number of types, is being
steadily put into thorough systematic order. Perhaps the most important single
piece of work of this nature is the revision and arrangement of the extensive series
of Orthoptera by Mr. R. Shelford, the Blattidie being already completed. The
re-arrangement of the fine collection of Diurnal Lepidoptera, which is constantly
receiving large accessions from generous donors at home and abroad, is also well
advanced. The most valuable addition in this Order is the marvellous series of
seasonal forms (until quite recently regarded as distinct species) of the genus
Precis from Tropical South Africa, worked out by Mr. G-uy A. K. Marsliall and
presented by him to the Museum. Thanks to Mr. Marshall and other energetic
collectors, the Hope Department may now justly claim to possess the finest repre-
sentative series of butterflies in existence from this most interesting and prolific
region. As in previous years, a great amount of work has been effected in the
bionomics of Insects of all Orders, and several important memoirs on this subject
have already appeared, while others are in active preparation. Lastly, the insects
collected early in the last century in South Africa aud Brazil by the famous
traveller W. J. Eurchell, which are even now unrivalled in the perfection of their
data, are restored as far as their condition will allow, fully named, and arranged.
Professor Poulton and his staff may well be congratulated on the work of the
year 1905.

^bituarij.

Dr. Peter Kempny died at Gutenstein, Lower Austria, on May 20th, at the
early age of 44 years, after a painful illness of four months. He suffered from a
heart malady, brought on by over exertion in liis profession of a medical doctor in
the mountainous district in which he lived. Some of his early papers relate to the
Lepidoptera of Lower Austria, but latterly his attention was more exclusively given
to Neurojytera, and he did some original work of importance on the Pleceptera
(Perlidx). His papers on Leuctra are of great value, and ihey deal with a difficult
genus in a remarkably able way. His last paper, a contribution to the knowledge
of the Neuroptera of Roumania (Beitrag zur Neuropteroiden fauna Rumaniens,
Bull, de la Soc. des Sciences de Bucarest, 190fi) was received by the writer very
shortly before the author's death, and he had also in view a similar work on the
Neuroptera of Syria. — K. J. M.

BiEMiNGHAM ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY : Monday, May 2\st, 1906. — Mr.
G-. T. Bethune-Baker, President, in the Chair.

Mr. C. J. Wainwright referred to Mr. R. C. Bradley's exhibit of Cheilosia

1906.J 185

velittina, Loew, at the last meeting, and said tliat he found he had 4 males and
3 females taken at West Kounton where Mr. Bradley took his. He said that on
comparing the insects with the deseription in Becker's Monograph he found some
rather important disagreements. Mr. W. S. Collinge showed Coleoptera from an
old beech at Erdington. Mr. Wainwright, various Lepidoptera. Mr. J. Simkins,
selected specimens from a large nuii^er of Tseniocampx he had bred from pupae
dug at Solihull, there were some fine forms especially of incerta, Hufn., amongst
them. Mr. Gr. T. Bethune-Baker, a number of Lycxaidx, chiefly new species from
Africa, New Guinea, &c., and he communicated a paper in which he described the
new species.— CoLBRAN J. Wainwright, Ron. Secretary.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday^ June \Uh, 1906. — Mr. R. Adkin, President, in the Chair.

Mr. Penn-G-askill exhibited a dark suffused specimen of Tephrosia biundularia
from the Midlands. Mr. West, examples of EucHdia mi and B. glyphica, taken in
his own garden at Ashtead. Mr. Sich, an assemblage of 39 pupae of Pieris
brassicee which had been found in a tumbler placed with the larvae in the breeding
cage. Light and dark specimens were intermixed at random. Mr. Lucas, a !? of
the snake fly, RapMdia notata, from the Black Pond, Esher, and also a very
sparsely marked example of the scarcer Scorpion Fly, Panorpa germanica, from
Haslemere. Mr. Carr, pupae of Porrittia galactodactylus from Horsley. Mr.
F. Noad Clarke, on behalf of Mr. Grrifllths, ova of Sadena pisi. Mr. Tonge,
clusters of ova of Pachetra leucophcca, which had been found at night on grass
stems, with the ? sitting just above them. Mr. Bellamy read a paper entitled
" The Spring in the New Forest, and Whitsuntide Experiences." Several members
reported that Phryxus Uvornica had been met with in a few places, and that
Pyrantels cardui and Plusia gamma were common in some parts of the South and
were moving on.

Thursday, June 28th, 1906.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. McArthur exhibited specimens of Dicranura furcula and Axylia putris
taken around the electric lights at Hammersmith. He noted at the same time
numbers of Triphxna pronuba, Agrotis exelamationis and Noctua plecta. He also
showed the pupa of Thecla priini. Mr. Bellamy, two specimens of Phryxiis
Uvornica, taken in June at Ringwood ; an example of Hesperia malvae var. taras,
from Holrasley, and a partially radiated form of Abraxas grossulariata. Mr.
Tonge, the ova of Aporia cratxgi, in situ on a leaf of hawthorn, sent from Hyeres
by Mr. Powell. Mr. Penn-Gaskill, living specimens of Harpipteryx xylostella and
H. nemorella, with the elongated cocoons of the species. The larvae were found on
honeysuckle at Wimbledon. Mr. West (G-reenwich), a series of the rare Hemip-
teron, Poecilosvytus vulneratus, from Yarmouth. Mr. Main, the egg case and
young of Phyllodromia germanica. He said that the young emerged almost as
soon as the egg case was deposited. Mr. R. Adkin, examples of Notodonta chaonia
and Lophopteryx carmelita, which emerged in April, 1906, from 1904 pupae.—
Hy. J. Turner, Eon. Secretary.

186 ' [August,

ON THE BRITISH SPECIES OP PHOllA. (Part I).
BY DR. JOHN H. WOOD.

From time to time I had dabbled in the Phoridce, that is to say,
whenever I came across a large or interesting looking species 1 had
taken the trouble to preserve it, and in this way had enabled Mr.
Yerrall to include several good things, as Pliora trinervis, urhana,
dorsata^ &c., in the second edition of liis List. But until I obtained
a copy of Becker's monograph on the family " Die Phoriden,"
I had done no systematic work among them. Here, however, was a
text book up to date^ and since then I have devoted a good deal of
time to the subject and have amassed a large amount of material. It
has, however, become evident in the course of the investigation that
whilst our author's treatment of his Grcmp I in the genus Pliora is in
every way admirable, the treatment of his Group II, which contains
the smaller and more obscure forms, is not so satisfactory. In the
first place too great a tendency has been shown, I think, to sink good
species as varieties, and in the second place many perfectly distinct
forms have been omitted altogether — a circumstance to be ascribed
in all probability to the deficiencies of the collections he consulted, for
it is, perhaps, no wonder that insects so numerous in species and in
many cases so small in size should not appeal to every one.

Nevertheless, there is much to commend them to our notice.
One point greatly in their favour is that they may be found all the
season through, being among the earliest insects to appear in the
spring and the last to disappear in the autumn. Then we may look
for them almost anywhere — in our houses, where they form the bulk
of the small fry that run up and down the windows ; in our gardens,
especially if there be some damp corner with a good rubbish heap in
it ; in the woods, fields, and marshes. Many of the species are fond
of running like the Platypezidce over the leaves of shrubs, others
again frequent flowers, especially the umbels of Heracleum spliondylium
and Anrjelica syJvestiis, but the great majority usually stay down below
at the ground level and require the sweeping net to bring them to
light. Then the trunks of trees are often worth examining. Carrion,
too, should never be neglected, especially in the spring of the year.
But to be productive the carrion must be lying on the ground, for the
gamekeeper's larder with its victim's nailed to a tree or rail fails to
attract them. Let me give a striking illustration. On one occasion
I had carefully looked over a string of moles suspended across some
palings without being able to detect a single Phora on them, but no

1906.] 187

sooner had I removorl two or three of the bodies and placed them on
the ground below, than out from the dead leaves near at hand came
running a number of Phora curDinervis, and made straight for the bait.
There is also another peculiarity in their relation to carrion. They do
not sit exposed u])on it like the BlepharoptercB and SepsidcB, but hide
away underneath, and it is quite startling on turning over a small
object like a mole to see sometimes a crowd of curvinervis of both
sexes scuttling aw^ay in all directions, and amongst them perhaps a
rare urhana or two.

In habits they are restless insects, very active, and able to run
with great rapidity. A few species, like the aforesaid curvinervis,
almost confine themselves to this mode of progression, seldom using
their wings except to escape danger, and then only in short skipping
flights. But the majority show no disinclination to fly, and to my know-

. ledge one species at least, the female o{ fascia (a, AnwQQs in the air in small
swarms, as do so many Dijofera of widely different families ; whilst
the small atoms, which occasionally w4ien lamps are lit in the room
come floating to and fro in the glare of the light, are mostly Phorce.
They are not, perhaps, great lovers of sunshine, and the last place in
which one should be tempted to look for them would be on a dr\%
hot bank, whereas some damp and shady wood-path, where the under-
wood has become hollow from age and agarics and boleti have taken
the place of flowering plants, is sure to yield a rich harvest.

I have had myself no personal acquaintance with the larvae.
Wherever they have been bred, decaying vegetable or animal matter has
in most cases been the pabulum. No one seeing the connection of
curvinervis and urhana with carrion can for a moment doubt that they
are there for the purpose of ovipositing. For the same reason I
believe that most, if not all, of the species in that section of Group
I characterised by having only three thin veins are carrion feeders
too. Maculata has been bred by Dufour in France and by the Rev.
H. S. Grorham in England from dead snails. Formicarmn is i^arasitic
upon the ant. Lasius nicjer, a most interesting discovery which we
ow^e to Lubbock ; and Mr. Collin tells me he has seen specimens of
vitripennis which were reared from humble-bees' nests and from
wasps' nests, but whether the insect in this case is a true parasite like

formicarum, or merely carnivorous or a scavenger is not clear.

The com.bination of characters by which the genus Pliora may be
known from the other constituents of the family are (1) the presence
of ocelli, (2) of claws and pulvelli, (3) the dorsal position of the
arista, (4) the fringe of bristles on the costa,^ (5) the complete

Q2

188 [August,

mediastinal vein, and lastl}^, the presence of three rows of strong
bristles across the frons, each consistins^ of four bristles, the first row
at the level of the ocelli, the second in the middle, and the third just
above, the antennje. On the present occasion I purpose to deal only
with the species that fall under Becker's Group I. But 1 must first
acknowledge the important help T have received from Mr. Collin,
whose readiness to come to my assistance in every difficulty and to
check my conclusions has been invaluable. Without it I might not
have ventured upon the undertaking. My thanks are also due to Dr.
Sharp for the loan of some interesting species from the Cambridge
Museum.

At the time of writing (1901) Becker was acquainted with 37
species belonging to this group. Of these we have at present in
Britain 26, all but four of which (autumnalis, ahhreviata, femorata
and coritiifronsi) have fallen to my own net in Herefordshire, whilst
we have besides four new and undescribed species, all taken and two
of them exclusively in my own district, which brings up the total to
80 British species. Few of them are common. The abundance,
under certain conditions, of curvinervis has already been alluded to,
equally abundant too is the ubiquitous concinna ; some eight or ten
more are to a greater or less degree fairly common, but the rest are
decidedly scarce and will probably remain so till our ignorance of
their economy is removed.

To some extent I have adopted Becker's table, making use of the
venation for the primary lines of division, but where he turns to the
colour of the halteres for the further grouping of the species, T have
selected instead the position of the spines on the middle tibiae — a
character quite as easy of recognition, less liable to variation, and at
the same time leading, I think, to a more natural arrangement of the
species. Not that I would in any way underrate the value of colour
in the halteres. Indeed, it was the belief in its reliability that has in
more than one instance been the first step in leading to the discrimina-
tion of two closely allied species. For example, unispinosa occurs in
two places in Becker's table — among the species with yellow halteres
and among those with black. The insect is constantly turning up
here throughout the season, and I must have taken first and last a
large number. On sorting my material I found that the variation was
limited to the females ; in the males the colour was invariably black.
This led to a closer examination, and then it was seen that the insects
with dark halteres had quite a different venation to the others and
were the true unispinosa, whilst those with yellow or whitish halteres

19060 189

were without doubt the unknown female of midipalpis, an insect
as common with me as unispinosn. A<,^ain, Becker ascribes both yellow
and black halteres to opacn^ or rather perennis as Mr. Collin has
pointed out to me our insect should be called. In my own series were
representatives of bi)th forms, but the yellow halteres were always
associated with one set of characters and the black with another set,
leavintr little doubt that the two forms were two distinct species.
There is, however, one insect, the abundant concinna, in which there
is great irregularity in this respect. Our author was of opinion that
the variation depended upon sex, black halteres going with the male
and yellow halteres with the female. But in my experience it is a
matter of perfect indifference, each sex having them sometimes one
colour and sometimes the other.

It is perhaps worth noting that there seems to be no definite
relation between the colour of the halteres and the general colour of
the insect. Frequently the relation is just the reverse of what would
have been expected, that is to say, in two closely related species, such
as unispinosa and nudipalpis, the lighter coloured insect will have the
darker halteres and vice versa There is, however, a still more curious
instance of cross colouring in the PhorldcB, which cannot fail to strike
the observer. The wings are commonly tinged with some shade of
yellow, brown or grey, but sometimes they are perfectly clear and
diaphanous. Now these diaphanous wings always occur in black
species, and usually in the very blackest, whilst I cannot call to mind
a single instance of such wings among the light coloured, yellow or
red species; on the contrary, in them these organs are often especially
deeply tinted. The rule too holds good equally between the varieties
of a species as between species themselves. Thus, the type form of
pygmcea in Group II is a dark insect with clear wings, but its light
coloured variety, hrachyneura^ has them deeply tinged with yellowish-
brown.

A word as to some of the terms and characters employed. The
short veins which run into the costa are called the " thick " veins
and the long ones coursing over the wings the " thin " veins,
names which Mr. Verrall has already familiarised us with. In enume-
rating the costal divisions or segments the basal division formed by
the cross vein is left out of account, since it has no differential sig-
nificance ; hence the recognised divisions are only two or three in
number, according as the second thick vein is simple or forked. The
anal " protuberance" is exclusively a character of the male sex. It
is the outlet of the intestinal canal and lies just underneath the dorsal

190 [August,

edge of the last abdominal segment. Its size and form varies greatly,
from a small and insignificant pnpilla to a long finger-like and con-
spicuous process. In some species the frons of the female is relatively
narrower (longer) than in the male, the costa too may be longer than
in the male, but the converse, I think, never happens. Sex, again,
occasionally influences the relative proportion of the costal divisions,
the tendency being for the second and third divisions in the female insect
to be lengthened without a corresponding lengthening of the first
division. Then the proboscis of the female is occasionally excessively
large aiid prominent, but that of the male is always small and incon-
spicuous. On the other hand, the third joint of the antenna? and the
palpi may be greatly exaggerated in the male, both in size and form,
without any corresponding chnnge in those of the female. A peculiar
form of the first abdominal segment, in which it is much scooped out
in the middle and unusually deep at the sides, overla[)ping the second
segment at the latter site, is present in a few species, as concin?ia,
crassicornis, ahdominalis, and to a less extent in one or two others.
This peculiarity is most pronounced in the female, the result being
that some of them have the second abdominal segment much length-
ened, a character usually confined to the males.

G-ROUP I.
Frons without a median furrow. All the frontal bristles pointing
upwards (backwards), including the two in the middle just above the
base of the antennae Long distinct spines on the tibiae in addition
to the apical spurs.

1 (47) Second thicJc vein forked.

2 (If?) Only three distinct f}i>n reinx, the fourtli vein either absent, or verij iudis-

tinct, or abbreviated. In lugubris 9 it is fairly distinct and complete.
Tibial spines always small and weak, the front tibise carry one
spine, the middle tibiae a pair in the upper third, and the hind tibiae
one at the junction of the upper and middle thirds.

3 (4) (5) Palpi extraordinarily large, at least in Ihe male, curving round in

front of the head.

S . Thorax, abdomen, and halteres black ; scutellum with two
bristles only ; costa reaching beyond the middle, fringe very short ;
male hypopygium large and complex, anal protuberance minute and
hairy ; legs blackish-brown, long and slender. Very scarce ; taken
in the autumn.

1^ mm.~ pal posa, Zett.

4 (3) (5) Palpi narrow, straight, and cylindrical.

(J 9 . Thorax, abdomen, and halteres black ; scutellum with

1906.J ^^^

two ratlier fine hairs in atklilion to tl.e two strong bristles ; front row
of frontal bristles nearly straight, middle row concave in front ; pro-
boscis extremely large and prominent, especially in female ; palpi
bare but for two or three strong bristles at the tip ; ( J ) some strong
bristles on hind margin of 6lh abdominal segment, hypop.ygium
chestnut coloured, large and con^^lex, anal protuberance nioderately
long, (?) end of the abdomen shaggy with numerous longish hairs;
legs" blackish-brown, tibiae and tarsi yellow. Frequents carrion and

rotting fungi ; autumn. • d i

^ ^ 2^—3 mm.— trinervis, Beck.

5 (i) (3) Palpi broad and leaf -like (normal).

6 (11) Scutellum with two bristles only.

7 (10) Legs very long and slender ; palpi dmky.

8 (9) Halteres ivhite or yellow.

i $ . Thorax and abdomen black; middle row of frontal bristles

straight, arista bare or nearly so ; wings lightly (usually) tinged with

yellowish-brown, costa very long, reaching well beyond the middle,

thickened on its outer third, fringe short, Ist thin vein comes off

beyond the fork ; male hypopygium small, and protuberance yellow

and papilla-like, lamella very long and slender; last abdominal

segment of female produced beneath in a triangular curved process ;

legs yellowish-brown, tibial spines weak. Frequents carrion ; taken

in autumn, midwinter (December), and spring.

2h mm. — perenms, Mg.

9 (8) Halteres blacJc.

J ? . Middle row of frontal bristles convex in front, arista
pubescent; costa reaching to the middle of wing or only a little
beyond, Ist thin vein comes off at the fork; anal protuberance black
or blackish, lamellae much shorter and broader than in perennis, last
abdominal segment of female normal ; tibial spines stronger than in
perennis; in all else resembles perennis, but is a smaller insect. Fre-
quents carrion ; taken in the autumn.
^ l^_2mm. — vitrea,n.sp.

10 (7) Legs of the ordinary form ; palpi bright yellow.

? . Thorax and abdomen black, the former occasionally with a
reddish hue; halteres yellow and frons rather glossy; middle row of
frontal bristles convex in front, ari.ta finely pubescent ; wings as in
vilrea, but rather more deeply tinged with yellowish-brown ; last
abdominal segment of fen.ale produced into a triangular process as in
perennis ; legs yellow, tibial spines stronger than in perennis. Taken
in the autumn. ^^_^ mm.-luteifemorata, n. sp.

11 (6) Scutellum with four strong bristles of equal size, or with the anterior pair

reduced to the dimensions of coarse hairs.

12 (15) Scutellum with equal bristles. Fore tarsi short and thick.

13 (U) First abdominal segment $ much longer than 2nd segment, at least at

sides, its hind margin emarginate {V-shaped) in both sexes. Female
proboscis normal.

192 [August, 1906.

J $. Thorax, aljdomen, and lialteres black ; thorax uiodei'alelj
shining; frons shining and very short (1 to 3), frontal bristles strong,
botli lower rows straight <? , slightly convex in front ? ; 3rd untennal
joint full large (^ , small ?, arista finely pubescent; paljii large
and broad with short and weak marginal bristles S , normal $ ; wings
tinged with yellowish-brown, cosla to middle of wing or a trifle
beyond, its outer half thickened, fringe extremely short, 1st thin vein
strongly curved at its origin, 4th vein ending in the margin, fairly dis-
tinct 9 , but scarcely traceable J ; 2nd abdominal segment ^ half the
length of the Ist at the sides, fitli segment lengthened, hypopygium
rather large and glossy, anal protuberance short and black, lamellae
shorter and broader than in nigricornis ( = opaca) ; legs black, tibiae
yellowish, fore tarsi longer than the tibiae by their two terminal joints,

spine on hind tibiae always present.

2^ — 2 J mm. — lugubris, Mg.

14 (13) First abdominal segment $ shorter than 'Ind (normal), its hind margin

emarginate only in female. Female proboscis large, projecting beyond

palpi.

S 9 . Very like preceding species. Chief differences are as

follows : — Frons more highly glossy and shorter (1 to 2), frontal

bristles rather weak and the rows straight in both sexes ; 3i*d antennal

joint very large J , arista' bare ; palpi narrower ; wings not quite of

so deep a colour, 1st thin vein makes not so bold a curve, and the 4th

is more indistinct and ends abruptly half way to the margin ; 2nd

and 6th segments S lengthened, hypopygium very large, and furnished

with a pair of narrow shining black and forceps-like processes besides

the ordinary lamellae ; legs blackish-brown, forelegs and all the knees

yellowish, spine on hind tibiae rarely present, foi'e tarsi longer than the

tibiae by the terminal joint only,

2f mm. — opaca, Mg., =^ nigricornis, Egg.

15 (12) Scutellum loith two bristles and two coarse hairs. Fore tarsi of the usual

slender form.

<J ? . Thorax dull ; frons dull and moderately short (1 to 2) ;

the rows of bristles straight in both sexes ; 3rd joint of antennae

small, arista bare ; palpi of the usual size and shape, but marginal

bristles S stubby ; wings almost clear, costa very long, reaching well

beyond the middle, slender and not thickened on the outer half, fringe

longer than in lugubris, and 4th thin vein very fine, ending abruptly

three-quarters of the way to the hind margin ; 1st abdominal segment

of the usual shape, 2nd and 6th segments J moderately lengthened,

hypopygium dull, anal protuberance yellow, longer and more slender

than in lugubris, and the lamellae narrower. In all other respects like

lugubris. Taken in the autumn.

2 — 2\ mm. — sublugubris, n. sp.

16 (2) Four thin veins, the axillary one always distinct.

17 (38) Middle tibix toith three spines, tvithout reckoning the apical spur or spurs,

namely, a pair at or near the end of the upper third, and one, some'

September, 1906.] 2Q3

times very small and loeaJc, close to the tip on the outer side. Of the
other legs, the armature of the fore tibiae is limited in all the British
species to a single spine, that of the hind tibiae is very variable.

18 (23) Scutellum loith only two bristles. Ilind tibiae with one spine only, the

apical spine on middle tibiae verj small or even absent.

19 (20) Halteres black or blackish ; third joint of anlennx and palpi reddish or

yellow.

$ ? . Frons broad, nearly twice as wide as high in male, but
less so in female ; wings tinged with yellowish-grey, costa to well
beyond the middle of the wing, its first division nearly twice as long
as the second in I he male, but only equal to it in the female, fringe
very short and dense, second thick vein robust, especially in female ;
legs yellow, tinged sometimes with grey and moderately stout, apical
spine on middle tibiae usually absent, the spine on hind tibiae below
the junction of the upper and middle thii'ds. Taken from spring to
autumn.

1 — 2 mm. — unispinosa, Ztt.

20 (19) Halteres whitish {nudipalpis) or yellow {autumnal is) ; third joint of

antennse and palpi black.

21 (22) Small species (I — 2 mm.) ; male palpi very large^ blunt ended, and with a

single long terminal bristle, female smaller, and with three or four
terminal bristles ; legs moderately stout.

<J ? . Frons narrow, nearly as high as broad, glossy ; wings
clear, costa and all the veins fine and delicate, fi-inge rather long and
open, costa short (about to middle of wing), its first division 1^ times
the second in both sexes ; legs from rust colour to nearly black, the
apical spine on middle tibiae always present. Taken from spring to
autumn. 1 — 2 mm. — nudipalpis, Beck.

22 (21) Large species (3 mm. or more) ; palpi not abnormally large, pointed, and

with afeio short marginal bristles ; legs very long and slender.

S . Frons broad, nearly twice as wide as high, dull ; wings
greyish, the veins strongly marked, costa long, reaching well beyond
the middle, thickened on its outer third, first division 1^ times the
second, fringe short and dense ; legs brown, the spine on hind tibiae
above the junction of the middle and upper thirds. In the broad
frons and wing characters it much resembles unispinosa, with which
Becker compares it, while the general slender build and the slim legs
recall some of the 3-veined species. 3 mm. — autumnalis. Beck.

23 (18) Scutellum with four bristles.

24 (31) Second thick vein furnished with a row of fine bristles or hairs along its

whole length to the fork ; the apical spine on the middle tibix strong^
that is, as loell developed as the pair in the upper third.

In all four species under this head the costa is long, reaching well
beyond the middle ; joined by the thick veins at wide intervals, so
that the first costal division is never longer than the other two
together {curvinervis and fennica), and sometimes considerably shorter

194 [September,

{thoracica and urbana) ; first thin vein comes off with a strong curve
at or beyond the fork, and runs straight to the margin. Anal
protuberance small and papilla-like.

25 (26) Halter es black.

S ? . Wings tinged with yollowish-brown, first thin vein deeply
curved at its origin ; legs blnckish-brovvn, knees, fore tibi* and tarsi
yellowish, hind tibite with three spines, namely, two on the outer side,
one above the middle, the other close to the tip, and the third in
the middle of the hind or upper-side. Taken only in the spring,
abundant under carrion. 2 — 3^ mm. — cur cine r vis, Beck.

26 (25) Hal teres yelloio.

27 (28) Thorax from red to blackish, postalar celli always red or reddish ; cosla

thickened, especially in the female.

$ $ . Wings yellowish-brown, with a darker cloud at the apex,
or without the cloud (v. claripennis) ; legs yellow, hind tibite with
four spines — a pair in the upper third, one in the middle of the hind
or upper margin, and the other close lo the lower end on the outer
side. 2\ — 5 mm, — thoracica, Mg.

28 (27) Thorax entirely black ; costa not thickened.

29 (30) Hind tibix with five or six spines. A long and slender species.

S $ . Wings deeply tinged with yellowish-brown, first costal
division about as long as the second in the male, and shorter than it
in the female ; femora blackish-brown, tibiae from yellow to rust colour ;
spines of the hind tibise— three or four on the hind or upper-side,
and two on the outer side, one at or near the middle and the other
close to the lower end. Taken in tlie spring under carrion, but
always scarce. 3 — 4^ mm. — urbana, Mg.

30 (29) Hind tibix with only tioo spines. A short and stout species.

S $ . Wings clear, first costal division longer than the second in
both sexes ; legs yellowish-brown, fore legs entirely yellow, hind tibiae
with a spine at the upper third and another close to the lower end,
both on the outer side. Taken in the spring and early summer.

2\ \\\\n.—fennica, Beck.

31 (24) Second thick vein hare ; the apical spine on middle tibix very small and

weak.

In the species under this head the costa is moderately long,
reaching barely beyond the middle, and joined by the thick veins at
very narrow intervals, so that the first costal division is from two to
four times as long as the other two together; the first thin vein comes
off nearly straight some way behind the fork, and runs in a double
curve to the margin. Anal protuberance very long and finger-like.
Hind tibiae with a row of very fine bristles or hairs on the hind or
upper margin as is so common in the species under Group II.

32 (35) Hind tibise with short, weak bristles instead of the characteristic long

spines.

1906.J 196

33 (31) Upper row of frontal bridles concave in front ; third joint of antennse
fimali, round, and of a brown colour in both sexes.

J 9 . Thorax and abdonion black ; halt ores black or yellow (in-
dependent of sex) ; wings li^'htly tinged willi yellowish-grey ; legs
black, fore legs and knees yellow or rusty, one of the spines is some-
times absent from the pair on the middle tibife, hind tibiae with four
bristles on the front or under-side. One of the commonest species
ocf urring all the year through. 2—2^ mm.— concinna, Mg.

•34 (33) Upper row of frontal bristles convex in front ; third joint of antennx
black, large, and lemon-shaped in the male, smalt and round in the
female.

g ? . Halteres always black ; wings deeply tinged with yellowish-
grey ; legs deep black, fore legs paler, hind tibiae with three or four
bristles on the outer side besides the four underneath ; both spines on
the middle tibiae always present. A larger and darker insect than
concinna. 2^— 3i mm.— crassicornis, Mg.

35 (32) Hind tibiae ivith spines as usual.

The two species have much in common : — In each the thorax is
black, the frons high and glossy, third joint of antennae rufous and
lemon -shaped, the broad palpi and large female proboscis bright
orange, and the tip of the middle tibiae furnished with two or three
short spines in addition to the usual one on the outer side and the
long inner spur.

36 (37) Thin veins end in the margin (normal) ; halteres black.

g 9 . Middle row of frontal bristles moderately concave in front ;
abdomen of male entirely black with the anal protuberance bright
orange, of the female yellow, except for a broad black patch on the
dorsum extending from the 1st to the 4th segment inclusive ; hind
tibifE with two spines, one at the end of the upper third, the other a
little beyond the middle. 4— 4^ mm.— abdominalis. Fin.

37 (36) Thin veins stop short of the margin ; halteres whitish or yelloto.

g 9 . Frons very narrow (narrower than in abdominalis), middle
row of frontal bristles deeply concave in front ; first abdominal seg-
ment whitish, the other segments black, but the end of the anal
protuberance in the male and the female ovipositor are yellow ; hind
tibiae with three spines, one below the other at equal intervals, the
lowest being just beyond the middle. 3 mm.— ahbreviata, v. Eos.

38 (17) Middle tibix with three spines, a pair at or near the end of the upper

third, and one {alivays large and loell developed) about the junction of
the middle and lower thirds.

A single spine is present on the fore tibiae, the number on the
hind tibisD very variable.
39 (42) Thorax tvith two pairs of dorso-central bristles.

In the two species the antennae, palpi, halteres and legs are yellow ;
scutellum with four bristles.

j 96 [September,

40 (41) Costa reaching to about the middle ; first costal division half as loiifj again
as the other two together ; fringe very short.

?. Thorax red; frons moderalely broad (H to 1); abdomen
black, with the extreme end and tlie hind margins of the segments
yellow ; hind tibiae with four spines, one in the middle of the upper
margin, two on the outer side, and one underneath above the middle.

2| mm. — bergenstammi, Mik.

41 (40) Costa reaching well beyond the middle; first coital division not longer
than the other two together; fringe. moderately short.

S ?. Thorax yellov/ ; frons broad in the male (2 to 1), mode-
rately broad in the female ; abdomen of the male black, but the hind
margin, a triangular patch on the dorsum, formed by the 5th and
parts of the 3rd and 4th segments, and the genitalia, are yellow, abdo-
men of the female yellow, suffused with black on the dorsum of the
basal segments ; a row of strong bristles on the lateral margins of the
2nd segment in both sexes ; hind tibiae of male with three spines, two
on the outer side and one in front above the middle, the female has in
addition to these four or five spines on the upper side.

3 — 4^ mm.— dorsalis, Beck.
(To he continued).

REVISION OF THE NOMENCLATURE OF MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., <fec.,

AND

JOHN HARTLEY DURRANT, F.E.S.
{Continued from Vol. XXXVIII, ;;«^e 170).

STAGMATOPHOEA, H.-S.

= PTEODERCES {Z.,MS.), H.-!S. ; == LABDIA, VVkr. ; = PROTEROCOSMA,

Meyr.

Type 1.— Oecophora heydeniella, F.-K. (H.-S., 1858).
Stagmai OPHORA, H.-S., SB. Sclmi. Eur., V, 13, 49, No. 87 (1853) :
VI, PI. XIII, 27-8, exp]. p. vii (1853).
1 (Type), heydeniella, F.-H.

H.-S., SB., Sclmi. Eur., V, 217, No. 87 (1854) : VI (Syst. Lp.
Eur.) 59, No. 401 (= 87), (1855) ; Sti-r.-Rbl., Cut. Lp. Eur., 124, No.
198 (1861) : 321, No. 274 (1871); Hein.-Wk., Sebin. Deut^ch. Tiu.,
425, No. 485 (187G), Tab. Gatt., 9, No. 135 (1876) ; Meyr., Pr. Liu.
Soc. N.S.W., XXll, 341 (1897) ; Stgr.-Kbb, Cat. Lp. Pal., II, 188,
ISO. 405 (1901).

Should future study justify the generic separation of species

1906.] jgy

flifPeririfj: in the orij^in of vein 5 of the forewint^s, Stagmatophora^
H.-S., will be employed for heydeniella^ F.-R., and any species that
may a<2^ree in haviniv vein 5 separate from the stalk of 6+7 + 8, while
Pi/roderces, 11. -S., will be revived for species au^reeing wnth argyro-
grammos, Z., in haviiin^ vein 5 arising from the stalk of 6 + 7 + 8.

^ Type 2— Cosmopteryx argyrogrammos, Z. (H.-S., 1854).
PYRODEKCEs, H.-S., SB. Schm. Eur., V, 12, 47, No. 80 (1853) : VI,
PI. Xlir, 20-30, cxpl. p. vii (1853), MN.
Type goldfiggielln, H.-S., LISF. (i. e., argyrogrammos, Z.).
H.-S., SB Schm. Eur., Y, 212, No. 80 (1854).
1 (Type) argyrogrammos, Z. [=goldeggiella (F.-E., MS.) H.S., LN.'].
H.-S., SB. Schm. Eur., VI (Syst. Lp. Eur.), 59, No. 394 (= 80), (1855).

This morphonyui, illustrated by the mere logonym goldeggiella
(F.-R.,i[fAS'.), only became recognisable, and therefore a valid geneonym,
in 1854, when ITerrich-Schaffer indicated that the type was argyro-
grammos, Z. {= goldeggielJn^ F.R., MS.), the logotype of the original
morphonym.

Stgr.-Wk., Cat. Lp. Eur., 123, No. 187 (1861): 321, No. 275
(1S71) ; Hein.-Wk., Schm. Deutseh. Tin., 425, No. 486, Tab. Gatt.,
9, No. 134 (1876) ; Meyr., Pr. Lin. Soc, N.S.AV., XXII, 299, 341,
No. 15 (1897) ; Stgr.-Rbl., Cat. Lp. Pal., II, 185, No. 391 (1901).

Type 3.-Labdia deliciosella, Wkr. (Wkr., 1864).
LABDiA, Wkr,, Cat. Lp. BM., XXIX, 823 (1864).
1 (Type), deliciosella, Wkr.
Meyr., Pr. Lin. Soc, N.S.W., XXII, 341 (1897).

Type 4.- Proterocosma triplanetis, Meyr. (Wlsm. & Drnt.).
PROTEROcosMA, Meyr., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, 293 (1886).

A. 1. (Type) triplanetis, Meyr.

B. 2. epizona, Meyr.

3. ochronota, Meyr.

4. chionopsamma, Meyr.

[*Meyr., Tr. N.Z. Inst., XXI, 174 (1889)] : Meyr., Pr. Lin. Soc,

N.S.W., XXII, 341 (1897).

Proterocosma triplanetis, Meyr , may be cited as the type.

19S [September,

COLEOPTERA OCCURRTNa IN" THE NESTS OF MAMMALS
AND BIRDS.

BY NORMAN H. JOT, M.R.C.S., F.E.S.

When I took CJioleva colonoides, Kr., and several other supposed
rare Coleoptera in some numbers in a few birds' nests last year
{cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., No. 501, p. 39), I was convinced that these were
no exceptional nests, but that a little systematic work would prove
that these insects are really quite common, considering,^ how many of
our common species of birds build in holes in trees. I have therefore
the whole of this summer devoted most of my spare time to the
examination of birds' nests, and have also extended mv researches to
the nests of mammals. In finding the former I of course have found
no difficulty, but the latter are far harder to discover, although they
eventually proved to be even more interesting, nnd I will describe
their Coleopterous inhabitants first.

It is only a few of the British mammals that make a nest at all,
and several of these are so comparatively uncommon and conceal
their nests so well that I have failed to find one this summer ; these
are, for instance, the weasel, stoat, hedgehog, shrew, &c. The water
vole's nest would be rather difficult to locate and to get out, but I hope
to find time soon to examine some. The fox does not make a nest,
but of course beetles may be found in its " earth " as they are in
rabbits' "burrows," but I do not intend to give them more than a
passing notice here. Kabbits' nests or " stops " require some special
experience to discover, but no doubt would contain beetles of interest,
as one did which I record later. Yoles, rats, and mice I have done
very little at this year, and in former years have only taken Leptinus
tesfaceus, Miill., on several occasions from their nests. Squirrels' nests,
which are generally more difficult to reach when found than to find, and
badgers' nests I refer to later. But fortunately there is one mammal
which makes a nest underground, which with very little experience
can be found in almost any number. This is the mole. When I dug
up and examined my first mole's nest last March it was obvious to
me that I had discovered a quite new method of collecting, as I at
once turned up several specimens of two species not before recorded
from Britain and some others, sometimes in large numbers, which
have always been regarded as very rare. Since then I have examined
about sixty nests from this district and five from Devonshire. It
would have been more correct to have done a full year's work at this

I

1906.] 199

eollec'tincr before publis]iin«r this note, but on the whole I think it
best to do so now, althou^^h I am sure there are a great many more
species to be discovered in the nests than I record here.

Moles' nests are made either of grass, leaves, or sedge, the
structure depending on the situation in which the nest is placed.
I have found those made of leaves as a rule most profitable and the
grass ones least so. The neat is situated a few inches below the
ground level, and generally nearly a foot from the actual surface of
the ' mole-heap." There is no direct entrance to the nest from the
surface, but the earth over it is generally loose, and in dry weather
so cracked as to often almost expose it, and I expect this is one
of the routes by which the beetles enter. There are in the nests
always a certain number of the flea, Hystrichopsylla talpce^
Curt., and other species, and their larvae, the latter I have
little doubt forming the chief food of the Sfaphylinidcs and their
larvae. In dry birds' nests, such as those built in holes in walls or
buildings, fleas and their larvae are always present in very large
numbers, because the nests are too dry for beetles. In moles' nests
and nests in holes in trees, where there is suflicient moisture for
beetles, fleas are never found in such quantities, although they are
always present.

The following is a list of the Coleoptera I have taken in the nest
of the mole. I have divided the species into three classes, viz. :
A, those that are evidently peculiar to the nests, and which are only
accidentally found elsewhere ; B, those that are commonly found in
the nests and breed there, but also are found and breed elsewhere ;
C, purely accidental species

Heterothops nigra, Kr. — This is the most characteristic of
the mole's nest Coleoptera, and is nearly always present, often in
numbers. It is the species that has been recorded from Britain under
the name H. qiindripunctula, Gr. Mons. Fauvel pointed out to me
this error of determination, and has very kindly given me a specimen
of the true R. quadripimctula. He and other continental Entomo-
logists have regarded H. nigra as a mere colour variety of H. prcevia,
Er., as they very rightly point out there is no apparent structural
difference between them. There can be no doubt that this is a
mistake, and the often worthless colour distinction is in this case of
great importance, and is in fact specific. K. prcevia is not an
uncommon species, inhabiting old straw in cowhouses, cellars, &c.,
and occurs in the former situation in this neighbourhood ; but among

200 [September,

the many hundred H. nigra taken from the moles' nests I have not
seen one specimen of H. prcsvia. I think that this proves beyond
doubt that the two forms never develop from the one brood, and so
are perfectly distinct. The life history of the two must also be very
different, a point which the Coleopterist generally seems to regard of
far less importance than a slight difference in punctuation or pubes-
cence. R. qimdripunctula (which of course may have occurred in
Britain, although I have not seen a specimen of it) differs from
H. nigra in having a narrower and more ovate head, more slender
antennae, and more diffusely punctured elytra.

JI. nigra is undoubtedly peculiar to moles' nests and the nests of
other mammals building underground ; it is only found accidentally
elsewhere. The larvc^e are often quite common in the nests, and the
pupfe may be looked for in the earth around. T have taken the insect
in moles' nests from Berkshire, Devonshire and Kent, and in a rabbit's
nest and a badger's nest in Berkshire.

QuEDius YEXANs, Epp. — This insect is not so common as the
last, but like it is a characteristic mole's nest species, and I have
taken some thirty specimens of it altogether. The larva often occurs
in some numbers in the nest, and the pupa in the surrounding earth.
It belongs to the group of species with red elytra and unicolorous
antennse, and is most nearly related to Q. hrevicoi^nis, Th. This little
group has apparently always been rather a stumbling-block to the
student, yet the species are easily distinguished, and are of great
interest, as each one seems attached to its special habitat. The four
British species are, Q. fulgidus^ F., which inhabits cowsheds, rotten
straw in cellars, &c. ; Q. puncticoUis, Th., which breeds in wasps' and
bees' nests (but is sometimes found as an accidental visitor to cossus
trees, &c.) : Q. brevicornis, attached to birds' nests ; and Q. vexans,
only accidentally found in flood-rubbish, under bark, &c. On the
Continent, Q. variabilis, Eey (with dark elytra), is regarded as a
variety of Q. puncficoUis, and Q. nigrocoeruleus, Eey (also with dark
elytra), as a variety of Q. fidgidus, but I believe there is no biological
evidence, which I show above is so important, to support this opinion.

I append a table which I think will help any one to identify the
four species named, and it will be noticed that I have purposely left
out any mention of the punctures at the sides of the disc of the
thorax and near the eyes, most unreliable points which have been the
cause of the chief confusion in the group.

I

1906.] 201

A. Penultimate joints of antennae hardly transverse ; last dorsal segment of

abdomen entirely reddish-yellow Q.fulgldus, F.

B. Penultimate joints of antennae strongly transverse; last dorsal segment of

abdomen with never more than the apical margin yellowish.

a. Hind body diffusely punctured ; elytra bright red ; logs black ; average

size smaller Q puncticollis, Tli.

b. Hind body closely punctured ; elytra dull red ; legs reddish ; average size

larger.

1. Head transverse, even in $ ; eyes larger ; shape fusiform ; average size

larger Q- brevicornis, Th.

2. Head, even in well developed c? c? , as long as broad ; eyes smaller ;

shape more parallel-sided ; average size smaller...

Q. vexans, Epp.

The apical border of the last dorsal segments of the abdomen in
Q. vexans is often yellowish, and the hind body is slightly duller and
more closely punctured than in Q. brevicornis. The small size of the
eyes in the former species is of much importance, and indeed in this
respect it comes very close to Q. longicornis, a species which most
probably inhabits a similar situation. A difference in the habits of
Q. vexans and Q. brevicornis is of much interest. When an old birds'
nest is being examined for beetles, Q. brevicornis will lie quiet for a
very long time, and will not attempt to run until it knows it is dis-
covered ; Q. vexans runs off at a great pace at the first alarm. The
latter would profit nothing by lying still, the mole using its nose and
not its eyes for discovering its prey, whereas birds would see a moving
insect at once. Q puncticollis I believe has the habits of Q. brevi-
cornis, feigning death when discovered by a wasp in its nest.

HoMALOTA PARADOXA, Eey.— Although this species has never
been recorded as British before, Mr. Champion has two somewhat
mutilated examples in his collection, captured by himself in the
London district many years ago, and identified by Mons. Fauvel at
the time. The insect has occurred on several occasions here, and
I have also found three specimens at Kingswear, S. Devon. There is
little doubt that it occurs all over the country. H. paradoxa is a
small, obscure species, with narrowed hind body, most closely related
to H. cribrata, Kr., but differs from all its allies in the thickness of
its antennae. Mons. Fauvel, who kindly identified my specimens for
me, tells me it has been taken in the runs of rodents in France, and
although I have not recognised the larvsp in the moles' nests, I have
taken examples only just emerged from the pupa. The following is
a short translation of Eey's original description :—

202 [September,

Rather shining, bhick, with elytra and apex of abdomen sometimes pitchy,
finely pubescent ; head transverse, densely and finely punctured ; antennae robust,
a little longer than head and thorax, black or obscurely testaceous, 4tli joint a little
longer than 3rd, transverse, the 5th to the 10th gradually bi'oader, strongly trans-
verse, the last acuminate at apex, as long as the two preceding together; thorax
transverse, a little narrower at base than elytra, finely, densely, and rugosely punc-
tured ; elytra a little longer than thorax, quadrate, finely, closely, and rugosely
punctured ; hind body broad, strongly bordered at sides, gradually narrowed from
middle to apex, finely, densely, and rugosely punctured on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and
base of 5th segments, sparingly and obsoletely punctured on the rest of the surface ;
legs pitchy-testaceous, femora a little darker, knees and tarsi lighter, the latter
rather slender. Long., 2 mm.

Aleochara spadicea, Er,, has always been regarded as one of
the most scarce of the British Stnphijlinid<jB, only a few odd specimens
having occurred in flood-rubbish, &c. There is little doubt that it is
really not uncommon, but attached entirely to the mole, I have
taken it on several occasions in Berkshire and once in Devonshire,
but have never taken more than two in one nest.

(To be continuedj.

Bradfield, Reading :

August llth, 1906.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE LIST OF
BRITISH HYMENOPTERA SINCE 1896.

BY EDW^ARD SAUNDERS, F.R.S.

{Concluded from page 33).

Andrena ruficrus, Nyl. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxv, p. 154).

We are indebted to Mr. W. Evans for the first recorded capture

of this species. He took three males in April, 1896, at Aberfoyle in

dandelion flowers; subsequently, in 1903, Mr. Malloch took a $ and

$ on the hill side near Murroch Glen in the Clyde district. Beyond

these captures we have no records.

The species is allied to gioynana and angustior, but resembles in the S sex
a small clarJcella or a preecox; it lacks the mandibular tooth of />ra?coa? and has
a much shorter 3rd joint of the antennae than elarJcella. The pale posterior tibiae
with a darker stain across the middle (much as in albicans) of the S ^intl the clear
testaceous tibiae of the ? will distinguish it at once from either gwynana or
angustior.

It should follow angustior in the list.

1906.] 203

Andrena Inpponica, Zett. (Ent. Mo. Maj::., xxxv. p. 2fi2).

Mr, FT. Elgar was the first recorded captor of this species ; he
took it on whortleberry flowers early in May, 1895, at Tghtham in
Kent. Since then it has occurred in many localities ; in fact it seems
probable that it is to be found wherever its food plant grows. It has
been recorded also from Scotland (Evans and Yerbury), Cumberland
(Day), Derbyshire (Harwood), New Forest (Nevinson), Leith Hill,
near Dorking (Frisby), and N. Wales (Gardner, see p. 213).

It is closely allied to the other species of the variann group. The ^ having
a well developed mandibular tooth can only be confounded with that sex oi fucata,
from which its small, entire, labrum (viewed from above), the larger mandibular
tooth, and the narrow 2nd subraarginal cell will serve to distinguish it, as well as
the very differently formed 7th ventral segment, which is not dilated at the buse of
the apical process as xwfucata.

The $ more closely resembles varians, having the same black-haired face as in
that species, from which it differs in being slightly stouter, in having the labrum
less transverse and more convex, and the abdomen much less strongly and less
densely punctured, especially on the 1st segment, its puncturation agreeing almost
with that of fucata.

Andrena niveata, Friese (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxv, p. 154),

This little species was first identified in 1899, and has occurred
at Worthing and Bognor and plentifully at Margate. JNliss E. Thoyts
took it at Sulhampstead near Eeading, Mr. A. J. Chitty has taken
it in the Faversham district, and Mr, E, B, Nevinson has taken it this
year in the Fens.

It is closely allied to A. nana and A. mimitula, but may be dis-
tinguished from either of these by the closely punctured apical
impressions of the abdominal segments — in nana and minutula these
impressions are more or less shining and finely alutaceous, but in
niveata they are distinctly, though very Cnel}' and closely, punctured.
The $ may be further known by the dense white fimbriae of the sides
of the abdominal segments. These, however, are often nearly worn
off in specimens which have been long exposed to the weather.

Cilissa melanura, Nyl. (Ent. Mo. Mag,, xxxiii, p, 229).

First recorded by Mr. Sladen from St. Margaret's Bay, where he
found it on Bartsia odontites in August, 1897. It has since been
found by Mr. Elgar at Hailing, Kent, by Mr. Malloch at Rochester,
and by Col. Yerbury at Torcross, Devon.

It is closely allied to leporina of Panzer, but may be easily known in the ^ sex
by the longer, entirely black antennae, the joints of which ai'e much more arcuate.

204 [September,

the dark piceous nervures of the wings, the narrower apical pubescent bands of the
abdominal segments, and the black apical joints of the tarsi.

The 9 like the ^ differs from leporina in tlie dark wing-nervures, in the
narrow abdominal bands and the black apical joints of the tarsi, and also in having
the abdomen more triangularly shaped. The front wings in both sexes are slightly
broader than those of leporina with their apices less acute.

Nomada giiftiilata, J (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxix, p. 282).

At the time the " Hymenoptera Aculeata of the British Islands"
was written there was no locality known in this country for this
species. I recorded it with many misgivings from a single ? in ray
collection, which I believe came from F. Smith's duplicates, and it
was with great satisfaction that I heard that Mr. Morley had caught
a $ in yellow composite flowers near Ipswich on May 17th, 1897
{cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxiii, p. 280).

The male was first recorded by Mr. Chitty from Huntingfield,
Kent, in 1903, where he also took the $ .

The J has since occurred at Gosfield, Essex (late A. Beaumont),
and Newton Abbot (Holloway), recorded by A. H. Hamm.

Friese says its host is probably Andrena cingiolata.

The J may be known from Jlavogattata by its testaceous labrum and the
Bhorter 3rd joint of the antennae ; it has also a few dark spines at the apex of the
posterior tibiae. The specimens I have seen are about the size of rather large
flavoguttata, but the specimen recorded by Mr. Ilamm was neai'ly twice the
ordinary size.

Nomada argentata^ H.-Sch. = atrata, Sm. = hrevicornis, Schmied.
(Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxvi, p. 201).
This species was first taken in this country by the late Mr. S. Ste-
vens at Arundel, and described by F. Smith as atrata. Smith subse-
quently sunk atrata as a synonym of ferruginata^ and it was overlooked
until I took a ^ near Clandon, Surrey, on Scahiosa succisa, in August,
1900. Mr. Morice has also taken both sexes on Woking Heath, near
the high road to Chobham. I am not aware of any other localities
for it. It associates with Andrena cetii.

It is closely allied to ferruginata, but rather smaller and much darker ; the <?
may be known at once by its shorter antennae, of which the 3rd joint is much
shorter on its under-side than the 4th ; the basal joints are simple, not swollen as
m ferruginata, and the tubercles of the following joints are less acute.

The !? may be known by the short 3rd joint of the antennae as in the ^ , its less
hairy mesonotum, and the silvery haii-cd sides of the propodeum.

■ CoeJioxi/s conoidea^ 111. = vectis, Curt.
This synonymy is generally adopted on the Continent.

1906.] 205

Coelioxys mandibalarls, JNyl. (Knt. Mo. Mtiy., ixxvii, p. LG7).

Mr. Willoughby Gardner firt>t sent me a ? of this species for
identification in 1901 ; it was talten by Mr. Frank Birch at Wallasey,
Cheshire, in July, 1900, and subsequently Mr. Gardner found a ? in
his own collection, which he had taken in July, 1891. Col. Yerbury
took a $ at Porthcawl, Wales, in August, 1903.

Closely allied to elongata, Lep., and acuminata, Nyl., but ratlier smaller than
either. Calcaria black in both sexes ; in the J the 2nd abdominal segment is
densely clothed with velvety pubescence above the lateral transverse fovea, 5th
ventral segment without any central emargination.

The 9 may be known by the form of the mandibles. These are produced on
their anterior side near the centre into a distinct angle, just above the base of the
apical groove. The mandibles are densely clothed with hairs and consequently the
angle is easily overlooked. The best way to see it is to turn the insect on its back,
and to examine the mandibles from behind. Beyond the form of the mandibles,
the black calcaria, the widely interrupted abdominal bands forming triangular
iateral spots, the rather less remote puncturation, the narrower apical ventral valve
which has less distinct lateral teeth, and the narrowly interrupted ventral bands
are probably reliable characters.

Osmia Jcaiana^ Kirb. =fulviventris, Smith, Saund., &c., nee. Pauz. ?
The continental authors all refer ftdvivcnfris, Pz., to the species
found in Middle and South Europe, and which lias the clypeus in
the ? regularly emargiuate, at the apex, and our species is known
generally to them as solskyi, Mor. Mr. Morice some years ago
discovered that our species was not the fulcioentrls of the Continent,
and on his authority Ducke in his monograph of Osmia has correctly
referred soLskiji to leaiana. The males of the two species are hardly
separable, and 1 still feel some little doubt if both are not forms of
one species, and also as to which is the true fidviventris, Panz.

Osmia parietina, Curt., nee. Smith, Saund., &c. (Eut. Mo. Mag.,
xxxvi, p. 51).
This distinct species, although originally described and figured
in Curtis' " British Entomology," remained misunderstood in this
country until a few years ago. Curtis' type went out to Australia in
his collection. F. Smith probably never saw it, and referred quite
a different species to Curtis' name. The present writer omitted to
look up the original figure and fell into the t^ame error as Smith.
The continental authors, however, have always rightly interpreted
Curtis, which makes the omission the less excusable. The true
parietina of Curtis had not been recorded since Curtis' time until

206

1900, when Mr. XevinsoD sent me some specimens to name from
Criccietb, N. Wales ; he has taken it also at Barmouth and Towyu,
where it evidently occurs regularly, as this year again specimens
have been taken at Criccieth by Mr. Nevinsou and Mr. W. Gardner.
Col. Yerbury took the J at Llambedr in July, 19U1. Curtis' speci-
men came from Ambleside, Westmoreland, and there is a $ in the
National Collection mixed with inermis from Perthshire.

It is a very distinct species ; the 9 could only be confused with either pili-
cornis or inermis, from either of which it may be known by its narrower form, the
much shorter and less conspicuous clothing of the head and thorax, and the steel-
blue not black abdomen.

The c? resembles the ^ of ccerulescens or leaiana, but it has the posterior
metatarsus very slightly dilated from about the middle, which bears on its under-side
a distinct tooth that projects and is distinctly visible beyond the hairs of the under
surface ; this character and the dull propodeal area at once distinguish it from
coerulescens, and the dull area and the much more developed metatarsal tooth from
leaiana.

Osmia inermis, Zett. = parietinn, Smith. Saund., &.Q., nee. Curtis.

This change in synonymy is necessitated by the alteration of the
name of the last species.

An error occurred in " Hym. Acul. Brit. Isles," p. 73, in the
table of Agenia. " Metanotum " should read " Propodeum."

St. Ann's, Woking :
August 6th, 1906.

HELP-NOTES TOWARDS THE DETERMIXATIOX OF BRITISH
TENTSREDINID^, &c. (15).

ET THE BET. F. D. MORICE, M.A., F.E.S.

SEMATIDES {continued) = PACMTSEMATU6, Knw.

Pachynematus, Knw., differs from all our normal Xematides,
except the very dissimilar Micronemafus, in combining the characters
of an excised elypeus and claws with suhapical tooth.

As far as I know, we have thirteen British species of the genus ;
one of which, however — viz., 2;^(/(/(7c^i, Knw. -I can only record as
British on the authority of Konow's statement in his Revision of
Pachynematus (1903 — 190i), " mir aus England bekannt," although I
have a strouii impression that it was once sent to me for determination
by a correspondent, but by whom and when I cannot remember.

1906. I 207

For the nationality of the other twelve T can personally vouch. Of
these species about half can as a rule be distinguished pretty easily,
])rovided that the specimens examined are in tolerable condition ;
but the remainder belong to a group which 1 must confess I find ex-
tremely puzzling — viz., that which includes the species commonly
known as cnprece and its allies, and which is characterized by the very
long 8th dorsal segment in the ^ ^ , and the dilated tempera in the
$ ? . In tabulating this group I have thought it best to reproduce,
as exactly as possible, the dichotomies employed by Konow in dis-
tinguishing and arranging its species. In dealing with the remainder
of the genus, however, I have allowed myself more freedom ; and
have preferred to found my divisions on such characters chiefly, as I
personally find it easiest to recognise in actual specimens.

In several species of Fachynematus (just as in Pteronus, &c.) the
ground-colour (especially of the ? ? ) changes after death from green
to various more or less impure and blended tints of red, brown, yellow,
and even white. In others it is permanently (i. e., before and after
death) and dejinitely fulvous. kSometimes it is easy to say at a glance
to which of these sections a specimen should be referred. And with
long practice the eye gains a sort of experience, which makes such
discrimination easy ; but there are cases which to a novice would
present insoluble problems. Another difficulty, which is perhaps a
still more fi-equent source of errors, is the often very great similarity
— as far as colour goes — between certain pale or discoloured PacJiy-
nemati and various species belonging to other genera. Errors from
this cause may, however, be absolutely avoided by making it a rule
never to attempt the naming of such insects without, first of all, ex-
examining (I) the clypeus (holding the insect for this purpose upside
down !), and (2) the claw^s. If the state of a specimen makes such
examination impossible, it is useless to waste time over it ; and the
sooner it is thrown away the better !

SYNOPTIC TABLE OF BRITISH PACRYNEMATUS, spp.

1. Last dorsal segment of <? abdomen much produced at apex (making its entire

length at least twice that of the preceding segment !). Head of ? widened,

or at least not narrowed, behind the eyes 2.

— Last dorsal segment of S abdomen hardly longer than the preceding segment :
its apical process short. Head of ? narrowed behind the eyes 8.

2. Wings slightly clouded with brown, clearer at apex. J with head thorax and

propodeum black, the rest of the abdomen, the tegulse, and the legs reddish-
yellow : the ? coloured very like several other species of the group, brownish-
orange, with the ocellar region, the meso- and metanotum, the basal part at

2Q3 [September,

least of the abdomen above, the breast and the coxae more or less spotted or
striped with black ... zaddachi, Knw.*

— Wings not clouded (they may, however, have a tinge of yellow) 3.

3. Abdomen with a noticeable, though short, grey pubescence, its surface some-

what opaque. Colour in dry specimens much like zaddachi, but rather
darker (J with black tegulse, ? with the mesospleurae edged with black, &c.).
(In life, however, the ground-colour of the ? abdomen is green, that of the
head and thorax rufescent) turgidusy Zadd.f

— Abdomen shining ; not noticeably pubescent 4.

4. (J with red tegulse, ? with mesonotum striped or spotted with black on a pale

ground 5.

— (? with black tegulse, ? with mesonotum and scutellum practically all black... 7.

5. ^ abdomen orange-red (without black ; except on the propodeum and the ex-

treme base of the following segment) ; ? ground-colour bright orange with
less black than in any other species (in my specimens the abdomen is
practically immaculate, but Konow says it may be banded above with brown)...

Jlaviveniris, Htg.
(? turgidus, C).

— (? abdomen above mostly black, ^ brownish-yellow or whitish (not bright orange),

with extensive black markings above 6.

6. Vertical area broader, with a deep central longitudinal sulcus. Stigma yellow.

J with head less narrowed, and antennae more compressed. 9 with abdomen

quite pale beneath trisignatus, Foerst. J

{caprese, C).

— Vertical area narrower, hardly sulcate centrally. Stigma white (at least in $ ).

(J very like the last species, but the head is more narrowed behind the eyes,
the antennae less compressed, &c., $ with a paler (more whitish) ground-
colour than trisignatus, but a greater extension of black, and the abdomen
beneath is not wholly pale. (Generally speaking this is a smaller and

blacker looking insect than trisignatus) clitellatus, Lep.§

(imperfectus, C).

7. (? antennae as long as the body, ? head widened behind with pale tempora.

(A large and easily recognisable species, 7 — 9 mill. long)...

xanthocarpus, Htg.
{thomsoni, C, clibrichellus, C).

* This species = umbripennis, Zadd. (nee Bversm.), Konow records it as known to him from
England. I have only foreign specimens of it myself, and it is not known seemingly as British
to Mr. Cameron.

t Konow ha.s abandoned his former identification of this .species with brachyolus, Forst.
Turgidux, C, acco'rding to Konow, is not this species, but the next.

X Tliis is generally known as caprert ; but according to Konow the original caprect of L. was
a Pteronus. The whole synonymy of this group is so perplexed, that I do not pretend to have
any views of my own alwut it, and merely reproduce those which are expressed in Konow's
latest works.

§ CliteUatus, till lately, was called by Konow einersbergensit, Htg. The name imperfectus,
Zadd., is assigned by him to a different species, not of this group, and (as far as I know) not
British.

1906.] 209

— Smaller (0— S mill. ]oug). S antenrife little loiicrer than the abflomen, ? head

subquadrate, with nearly or quite black tenipora apicalis, Htg.

8. Mesoi^leuvae distinctly, thou{?h sparsely, punctured. Body black in both sexes,

pale only at the apex pleuralis, Thorns.*

— Mesopleurnp ini punctate ; or with very fine and close] punctures, and with ti»e

whole ventral surface in the ? ? pale 9-

9. Scutellum swollen and punctured. Mouth, pronotum, tegulse, abdomen, and

legs bright orange. Head and thorax shining black. Wings rather dusky,
with yellow costa and stigma. (A very distinct species)... a/6 ipewtti*. Htg.

— Scutellum flat and impunctate. Abdomen dark above ; or, if mostly pale, the

head and thorax above are largely pale also 10.

10. Head pale brownish-yellow, but with a large black mark occupying the ocellar

region. Antennae more or less pale, or rufescent at least beneath 12.

— Head for the most part, and antennae, black. Thorax and abdomen mostly

black above ; in the ? ? the ventral surface is entirely pale, in the <? (? it is
so at the apex only 1 1 •

11. Stigma pale yellow ; femora pale testaceous vagus, F.

[leueogaster, C).

— Stigma dusky brown ; femora more or less black obductus, H-tg.f

{obducius, conductus, C).

12. Very small species (t— 5 mill, long), with remarkably yellow wings. In the 9

the thorax and abdomen are for the most part black, the head (except about
the ocelli) and the legs yellow, the antenna? slightly rufescent. The <? is
peculiar in being more brightly coloured than the ? ; its thorax above is
largely yellow, as is the abdomen beneath, and the antennae (except the two
basal joints which are usually black) rumicis, Fall.

— Large species (6—9 mill, long), with perfectly glassy and iridescent wings (not

at all yellow ! ). The body-colour in both sexes is green in life, fading more
or less after death to ochreous-yellow ; head, thorax, and abdomen rather
sparingly marked with black, in the style o( Jlaviventrls, irisignatus, &c.
(The insect superficially resembles a green Pteronus of the miliaris group).
The antennae are more or less pale scutellatus, Htg.

Notes.
(a) In Cam. Mon., vol. iv, p. 200, suhbifidits, Thorns., is given as
a FacJii/nematus. The subhifidus of Thomson, however, is certainly a
Priaiiphora : and Mr. Cameron's species appears to be the same- at
any rate it cannot be a Pachi/nemafus, if he is correct in saying (vol.
ii, p. 139) " apex of clypeus truncated." Prist, suhhifida, Thorns.,

* I suppose Ihis^canaliculatus, C, though Konow does not say so (c/. the synonymy of
canalicuLatus in the Monograph). I have seen a specimen taken by Mr. A. J. Chitty, and identi-
fied by Konow as pleuralis.

t Cojiductus, Euthe, according to Thomson and Konow, is a ? variety of this, in which the
hind femora are quite black. Most of the British ? ? I have seen belong to this form.

8

210 r September,

occurs in England, and has several times been taken by myself, and
sent to me for determination by correspondents.

(b) The application of the name caprets by different authors to
different species has caused terrible confusion. Konow formerly
applied it to what he now calls irisignatus, but has now come to the
conclusion that the original caprecB, L., was the Pferonus described
under that name in my last paper.

(To be continued).

FORMICOXENUS NITFDULUS, Ntl., ^, AS BRITISH.

BT RICHARD S. BAGNALL, F. K.S.

Until recently, when the writer had tlie good fortune of finding this interesting
species in some numbers in the hills of Formica rufa, L., at Corbridge-on-Tyne,
Northumberland (p. 140), Forniicoxemis nitidulua, Nyl., was regarded as a very
rare British ant, and only ? and ^ had been taken in Britain. In eai'ly June
Mr. Donisthorpe and the writer spent a whole day with the Corbridge wood -ants,
and, again finding Formicoxenus in some profusion, we each took a large series in
the hopes of finding the male; but, excepting a few apterous queens, they all proved
to be workers.

Yesterday, despite the stormy weather, several hours were spent in once more
investigating the rufa hills at Corbridge, this time (without success, we may add)
in search of the winged ? . In fact, our little friend was decidedly rare, and three
hours' hard work only produced fifteen examples, namely, an apterous queen, four
workers, of which three were badly mutilated, and no less than ten males. It is
therefore with real pleasure we are thus able at last to record the male sex as having
occurred in Britain. The S of this ant is apterous, and very strongly resembles the

$ , but comparatively speaking is of slighter build, and, apart from other minute
sexual difPerences, is easily distinguished by its twelve-jointed antennae, those of the

$ being eleven-jointed ; and also by the fact that in the S the ocelli are developed,
whereas in the $ they are rarely so, and then only partially.

Mr. Saunders informs me that Formicoxenua nitidulus is the same species as
Farren White and the older British authors knew as Stenamma ivestwoodi ; the
latter, however, was described from a ^ which proves to be the ^ of what used to
be called Myrmica lippula, so that the old Myrmica lippula is now Stenamma
wedwoodi, and the Stenamma westwoodi of olden times we now know as Formi-
coxenus nitidulus.

The Groves, Winlaton-on-Tyne :
August \3th, 1906.

„

1906.] 211

The Collection Fairmaire. — It niaj iiilerest some of the readers of this Maga-
zine to know that the collection of the late Monsieur Leon Fairmaire has been
purchased in its entirety for the Museum of Paris. I believe in late years Mons.
Fairmaire received important collections from Tongking and Madagascar, and the
" types " in this collection must be very numerous. — G. Lewis, 87, Frant Road,
Tunbridge Wells : August, 1906.

Quedius lonc/icornis, Kr., in Suffolk. — I hare lately discovered a new mode of
collecting beetles : moles were so great a pest in my garden here in the spring of
1905, that I laid a simple trap for them by sinking a bucket in the ground beneath
their runs. Upon examination, these traps were found to contain not only nioles
but beetles. One of the above very rare species was taken thus on March 22nd j
and on April 2nd several Homalotae, Quedius picipes and Choleva agilis, in
abundance.

I am hoping by this means to discover Quedius vexans, which I believe has
been recently taken in England. It was first described by Eppelsheim in the Deutsch.
Ent. Zeit., 1881, p. 297; and is snid by Ganglbauer (Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa,
ii, 391) to occur very rarely in Schlesia, Bohemia, and Eastern Prussia. Like Q.
longicornis, it has the elytra and legs red j in other respects it agrees with Q. meso-
melinus, from which it is distinguished by its much smaller eyes. The depth of the
dorso-lateral thoracic punctiiration at once renders it distinct from Q. ochripennis,
Men. {=^ puncticollis, Thoms.). — Claudb Moeley, Monks' Soham House, Suffolk:
August 3rd, 1906.

Beilephila livornica, Esp., at IVoking. — On the afternoon of August 8th I
captured, on a small shrub in our garden, a specimen of the above moth in excellent
condition, and I thought perhaps its capture would be worth noticing in your
Magazine. — Percy C. Smith, Tamerton, Woking: August I6th, 1906.

Leucania faoicolor, Barrett^ in the Isle of Sheppey. — Whilst sugaring for
Mamestra abjecta on the Medway Marshes, near Queenborough, at the beginning
of last month, 1 was fortunate in taking several specimens of Leucania favicolor,
Barrett, both the red and yellow forms being represented. This is, I believe, the
first record of tlie species in the Isle of Sheppey. — J. J. Jacobs, 63, Marine Parade,
Sheerness-on-Sea : August loth, 1906.

Aristotelia lucidella, Steph. — I had long suspected that the larva of this
Gelechia fed in the stems of Eleocharis palustris (as well as in those of Scirput
lacustris) ; I am now able to prove it. On July 4th I noticed a small bed of Eleo-
charis growing in a damp place at the bottom of an old stone pit, and finding a fine
large form of Bactra furfurana (more or less worn at this date) I cut a handful of
the stems, thinking that I might breed one or two late specimens of this Tortrix ;
however, none appeared, but on the 7th a fine lucidella came out. Of course the
two genera Eleocharis and Scirpus are very closely allied, treated as one by some
authors, so perhaps the discovery is not a very startling one ; however, I thought it
might be worth recording.— A. Thuknall, Whitehall Road, Thornton Heath :

August 8th, 1906.

S 2

212 [September,

Notes on the habits of Ponera contractu, Latr. -During the past year I have
spent a good many mornings of my holidays and week ends searching for Bi/thinus
(Machasrites) glabratus, Rye, at Charing, Kent. The chief result has been to enable
me to add to my knowledge of the habits of Ponera contractu, Latr., and perhaps
a few notes on the subject may be useful.

I believe that Ponera contructa, Latr., is not nearly so rare as is generally be-
lieved, and that it occurs sparingly on warm banks in dry chalky situations through-
out Kent and Surrey ; it is, as Mr. Waterhouse has jiointed out to me, more likely
to be found by Coleopterists than by Hymenopferists, and so gets overlooked. But
for the insect to occur in any numbers growing moss seems essential, and as a rule
moss does not flourish in quite such dry places.

At Charing there is (I almost ought to say there was) abundance of moss below
the steep, almost barren, bank of the hill where most of my searching is done, and
close by vegetation grows abundantly in a mossy dell or fold in the ground. Across
the latter spot (except during the hottest months of the summer) a small wood
throws its shade early in the afternoon, and good evening sweeping may occasionally
be done here, while on a fine September evening the air is full of small flying
Bracons, ants, Chalcids, and beetles, which seem to enjoy flying over the ground
upon which the shade has just fallen. Ant's nests abound everywhere on the hill
side, but Ponera and Myrmecina are almost confined to the moss below the bank,
and to that in the fold in the ground ; at these spots I have generally found the
former in any place where the moss is thick and long enough to rise above the
ground in a patch, in which case it is easy to pull in a lump. These patches when
once pulled do not, however, readily grow again, and certainly represent more than
a year's growth of moss, so that too vigorous collecting or even study is sure to have
a bad effect on the insects, and this is the chief difficulty with which I have had to
contend. In April the ants are to be found on a fine day in the moss as above de-
scribed, both at the foot of the bank and in the dell. Mixed with the workers of P.
contractu a few ? 9 occur, and it would seem that the insects at the time are spending
all their energies in getting food for themselves. I have never come across a trace of
anything like a nest at the time, and the ? ? are evidently not engaged in laying eggs
at one spot, as they occur mixed up with the workers wandering through the moss ;
with them may occasionally be found a single Pseluphus heisel or Bythinus glabratus.
The moss may also be full of other beetles, but this is a rare occurrence ; still Lam-
prinus saginutus, Mgcetoporus punctus, splendldus, angularis, and clavicornii,
Orthochxtes setiger, Trachys pumila, Apion Jitirostre, and other good things have
occurred in this way amongst commoner species, especially Philonthi and small
Staphylinidx.

As the year progresses the $ ? become rarer, and this would seem to show that
they have gone down into the porous chalky ground to form their nests. This year
however, on June 3rd I found in or at the roots of one raised patch of moss what
was apparently a nest ; there were as many as six ? ^ > the largest number I have
ever taken, besides eggs or grubs and some twenty or thirty $ 5 5 there were also
three Pselaphus and two Machserites in the heart of the nest. I may here mention
that the beginning of June is apparently the best time for the last named insect,
especially after rain ; but since June 11th, 1904, when Mr. Donisthorpe and myself
got fourteen specimens in a very short time, I have never been able to find more than

1906. 213

four or five in a long inoriiiii^r's work. The above observation of June this year
seems to show that lliis beetle is attached to the nest of the ants (possibly feeding
on eggs or larvte) ; anyliow, I have never sifted a M. glabratus without having Ponera
on the paper at tlie same time.

The ants do not appear to live or have their nest in the moss. Mr. Nevinson has
suggested to me that they may feed on the very small Acari which are to be found
in the moss, and they are probably there collecting food. If put into a bottle with
moss tliey soon expire ; whereas a? placed in a small glass bowl with earth in April,
1904, was alive in the following Aug; st. If a nest or number of ants be taken and
put into a glass receptacle the insects will completely disappear, and only show
themselves when the contents are turned out. This seems to indicate that they live
and have their nests deep down in the earth, and that the moss is chiefly valuable
to them as supplying them with food.

In July or the early part of August batches of pupae are brought up to the
surface and stored under small stones, and a few workers left to guard them. On
July 22nd last Mr. Donisthorpe and I found two such batches under different
stones on the edge of a single patch of moss, from which I conclude that the rest
of the nest, including the larvae, was below. The pupae, which are enclosed in a
case of a rather dark colour, were apparently all workers ; there was a Coccid with
one of the batches but no larvae [see also my record of two similar batches of pupae
found in August, 1903 (Ent. Mo. Mag., Ser. If, xiv, 283)]. The <? S hatch out at
the end of August ; my dates are 29.8.01 and 3.9.05. The winged ? is apparently
very rare ; I have one dated 3.9.05.

A thorough study of the insect could only be made by some one living on the
spot, who could secure a nest early in the year and keep it supplied with fresh moss.
Even then it would be necessary to turn out the nest to find what was happening
so that the chance of rearing insects would be small, and it might be better to try
and follow the fortunes of the nest in its natural spot, but as the ants leave the moss
directly it is pulled this would be very difficult. My visits to Huntingfield (which
itself is 4^ miles from the spot) are only for occasional week ends during the time
that the observations have to be made, so that it is impossible for me to work as
methodically as I should like, but the above notes represent three yeax's' experience.
I could not properly attend to the nest taken in June this year, and it got too damp ;
this was most unfortunate, as the loss of six ? '^ must have sorely diminished the
supply of eggs. The ant is, however, still abundant if only searched for. Mr.
Donisthorpe and myself failed on July 22nd to find any trace of a second specimen
of my Fseudisohrachium cantianum. — A. J. Chitty, 27, Hereford Square, S.W. :
August, 1906.

Andrena lapponica, Zett., in N. Wales. — My friend Mr. Morice told me to
keep an eye on Andrena feeding on whinberry on our Welsh mountains, with the
result that on two different occasions I have taken the ? of this species upon the
flower in question near Penmaenmawr ; it appears to be local, however, as I have
searched for it in many places where whinberry is abundant without success. —
WiLLOUGHBY GrAKDNEK, Deganwy, N. Wales : August, 1906.

214 [September,

Halictus freygessneriy Alfk., in N. Wales. — Mr. Edward Saunders' article in
Ent. Mo. .^^ag., Nov., lOOt, caused me recently to examine the specimens in my
collection under the label H. subfaxciatus, Nyl., with the result that my northern
examples prove to he frei/gessneri. They were taken as follows, viz. :— two J c? on
marigolds in a garden at Eyarth, Denbighshire, early in September, 1891 ; one $
on wild carrot on a railway bank near Eyarth on June 4th, 1892 ; one ^ on mari-
gold on August 27th, 1892, in the garden where the J <? were taken the previous
year : the short and broad 2nd joint of the posterior tarsus is very noticeable in
the S Si the ? ? are rather larger and broader tlian those of fulvico mis, Kirb.,
and have the testaceous lines across the posterior margins of the apical segments
very narrow.— Id,

Heriades truncorum, Linn., near Chobham. — In September, 1900, I had the
pleasure of recording in the Ent, Mo. Mag. that I had taken a J of Heriades
truiicoruni, Linn., visiting thistles near Weybridge Station on July lOth of that
year. Though I have been on the look-out for the species ever since, and have
frequently visited the locality where 1 found it, it has never occurred again to me
there or elsewhere (nor, as far as I know, to any other collector in this country
since the days of W. Kirby and Ingali), until July 6th of this year, when I was so
fortunate as to take a second specimen — this time a ? — burrowing in a decayed
wooden post, by the side of a nearly disused cross-country road, or rather lane, near
Valley End, Chobham Common. I had always an uncomfortable feeling that my
Weybridge specimen might possibly have been imported in foreign timber; but the
Chobham ^ was so evidently at home in its surroundings, and those surroundings
were so remote from railways and in all respects so primitive and natural (as well
as being suited to its known habits), that there seems no reason to suspect it as a
foreigner. Yet it is certainly rather strange that a species, which abroad is common
wherever it occurs at all, should be so extraordinarily successful in eluding observa-
tion in this country. Possibly it is sometimes passed over as a Chelostoma Jlorisomne,
which (to the naked eye) it much resembles, though it is smaller and, especially,
shorter in proportion to its breadth. The transverse sharp carination of the Ist
abdominal segment distinguishes it unmistukeably from any British Chelostoma- or
Osmia- species, but this character can hardly be recognised till the insect is captured
and examined with a lens,

M. Ferton in Corsica has observed H. truncorum collecting resin, and remarks
that probably all Hymenoptera which have this habit are " lies dans une region a
I'existence des arbres resineux." lioth at Weybridge and on Chobham Common
there were pine trees near the spots where my specimens occurred ; and though the
splendid pine woods, through which the L, & S,W.R, main line still runs in places,
are fast disappearing to make room for villas and golf grounds, it will be some time
yet, 1 hope, before modern " improvements " have made it impossible for Heriades
to maintain existence in this district. — F. D. MomCB, Woking : August, 1906.

Sphecodes subquadratus burroioing. — Early this month, while looking for
Aculeates on Red Hill Common, I noticed a ? Sphecodes apparently making a
burrow in a sandy bank. Knowing that it is disputed that Sphecodes really exca-
vates its own burrows, I watched it for some few rainute$. The insect was scratching

19060 215

away the loose earth with the front legs only, but the soil hid run clown from the
mcuth of the burrow in lair quantity. After a while it appeared to me that some-
thing else was at work further in the burrow, as the earth seemed to be pushed up
from the inside. On securing the Sphecodes it proved to be iS*. subquadratus.
Waiting till the earth was again pushed up, I dug well down with my knife and
found a ? Halk-tus leucozonius. This will, I think, explain why Sphecodes,
although parasitic, has occasionally been seen burrowing.— G. K. Frisby, 9, Fen-
gates Road, Red Hill : Juli/ 2Srd, 1906.

Oxycarenus lavaterse, F., an Hemipteron infesting lime trees on Lago Maggiore.
— A correspondent who has property on an island in Lago Maggiore sent me some
specimens of Oxycarenus laoaterx, F., asking what they were as they were infesting
some lime trees (Tilia) in the garden in extraordinary numbers, covering the stems
and boughs in places to the depth of an inch. They do not appear to infest other
trees growing near and even between the limes. I am told by my brother, Mr. E.
Saunders, who kindly named this insect for me, that it is a common South European
species, but that he never heard of it occurring in such profusion before. I asked
ray correspondent various questions about the habits of this insect, to which
I received the following replies, which I give verbatim :—" They remain on the
trees all the year round, not heeding cold, heat, or rain. They keep in masses,
turned towards the sunny side, and these masses are from 12 to 18 inches in length,
and 4 to 5 inches wide, and I inch thick. These masses, divided in colonies, begin
from the base of the tree and stop on the main branches, and have up to the present
reached the height of about 20 feet. When shaken off they, not having wings,
climb up again to their respective places.

" They live only on the lime ; the height of the trees is 60 or 70 feet. They
attack neither the shoots or the leaves, and the bark under them is as green as the
parts which are free from them.

"Neither could any eggs or smaller sized insects be discovered under the bark^
their size being absolutely uniform."

I thought an account of this insect occurring in such numbers and in such a
remarkable manner should be recorded and might be of interest to some readers of
the Ento'i^ologist's \ronthly Magazine. — Or. S. Saunders, 20, Dent's Road,
Wandsworth Common : Jugust, 1906.

Phora papillata, Wingate : a correction. — In the May Ent. Mo. Mag. I
described a supposed new species of Phora, under the name of P. papillata.
Since then the insect has been examined by Dr. Wood and Mr. Collin, who
both agree that it is the female of P. lugubris, Mg., which is in the British
list. P. lugubris is in the three-thin-veins group, while my insect has four very
distinct veins, but no doubt Dr. Wood will clear up the matter in Monograph, which
I am glad to hear is to appear shortly. Not having any special knowledge of the
genus, I only ventured to introduce the insect as new on the authority of the most
recent monographer of the family. — W. J. Wingate, St. Peter's Vicarage, Bishop
Auckland, Co. Durham : Julg \8tk, 1906.

216 [September, 1906.

NIDIFICATION OF ODYNERUS RUNIFORMIS, Gmel.,
NEAE CHOBHAM.

BY THE REV. F D. MORICE, M.A., F.E S.

The first recorded British specimen of Odyiiprus reniformis^ Gmel ,
was taken by Mr. E. Saunders on Chobhara Common as long ago as
1876. Occ' sional captures by the late Mr. Beaumont, myself, and
others, in the same district indicate that the species has maintained
itself there continuously, if in no great numbers, ever since. But I
believe there is still only one record of the discovery of its burrows
in England. These were seen for the first and last time by Mr.
Saunders "on a level sandy spot on Chobham Common " in July, 1887,
and described soon after in a note sent by him to the Ent. Mo. Mag.
of that year. They were excavated in the sand, and surmounted by
" curved tubular entrances " of the same material, like those of 0.
spinipes, L.

The exact spot has often been visited since by Mr. Saunders and
myself, and the wasps have now and again been observed there, but
not their burrows. On July 8th of last year, how^ever, I was invited
to enter a neighbouring enclosure, w^here the occupant (not a natu-
ralist) had been struck by the appearance of some wasp-like insect
in great numbers. I went there accordingly, and was agreeably sur-
prised to find quite a strong colony of O. reniformis established, not,
as before, in the level sand, but in two of the walls — those facing
respectively S. and W. — of an old and now partly dismantled and
ruinous cottage.

It was a one-storied building with a thatched roof. The east wall
had been broken through, but not entirely removed, and the gap in it
was partly choked with broken bricks and other rubbish. On the
north side was a more modern red-brick addition to the original
building — a very low " lean-to," with a separate tiled roof. The w^est
and south walls — those utilized by the reniformis — were ver}^ thick,
formed of some hard sandy substance, in which I could not distinguish
any definite bricks or blocks, but which changed its appearance slightly
(becoming distinctly lighter in colour) from about a foot above the
ground upwards all round. Both walls had evidently once been coated
externally with a layer of smoother plaster of a whitish colour; but
of this only small patches here and there remained, so that the actual
walls were left with a coarsely corrugated brownish or yellowish
surface as of a natural cliff of sandstone. About these walls the
Odyneri kept coming and going, and by degrees T became aware of

October, 1906. J 217

nimierous littlo tubes (such as Mr. Saunders liad described) projecting
from the sandstone, and evidently formed of substance extracted from
it. Some, apparently complete, measured about 20 mtn. long by 4 mm.
broad. These started from the surface horizontally (at right angles
to it), and gradually curved over downwards till they became perpen-
dicular. Others were in various stages of construction — some nearly
complete, some only just beginning to appear, and on some of them
I saw the wasps actually at work, bringing out sandy particles from
the holes, kneading them up with their mouths, and apparently
glueing them with saliva to the extremity of the unfinished tubes. T
was disappointed to find only ? ? , and concluded that the (^ ^ were
over, but of this I am now doubtful — however, I could not find them.
I w'as also disappointed that I could see no Ch ry si ds \i^\img the
burrows, but neither then, nor on any later occasion while I had the
colony under observation, did any such visits occur. A few specimens
of C. igmta, and a good many of Q. cyanea, lighted on the walls from
time to time, but never entered nor seemed to notice the tubes ; and
as the latter species is known to infest Trypoxylon, and T.Jlgulus, L.
was quite as abundant as the wasp, inhabiting simple {i. e., tubeless)
burrows in the same walls, I was soon convinced that the holes of
this insect and not those of the Odynerus were the attraction that had
brought cyanea thither. Ignifa infests many species of industrious
Hymenopfera, and may have been attached to Osmia solskyi, Mor.
(== fulviventris, E. S.), which also occurred in the walls, together (as
I was pleased to see) with its " cuckoo " Stelis phceoptera, Kirb.,
which I had not before taken in this district.

Though no Clirysid or other recognised parasite was seen to enter
or emerge from any of the reniformis burrows, I was surprised to see
that the Trypoxylons did so repeatedly. These visits were much too
frequent and protracted to have been merely accidental ; and as Try-
poxyJon is certainly no parasite, but a diligent hunter after spiders, I
can only conjecture that it may have expected to find spiders lurking
in the holes, as they certainly did (for I saw plenty of their webs
there) in other holes all over the walls, which holes had quite the ap-
pearance of having once been occupied by burrowing Hymenoptera.

This year I resolved to visit the colony earlier, and if possible
secure specimens of the ^ ^ , w^hich I had not yet taken in England.
I went over accordingly in June, but met with unexpected difficulties.
My last year's friend had left Chobham, and I found the whole en-
closure elaborately protected from trespass, and in fact made quite
impenetrable on all sides, with padlocks and barbed wire. At last,

T

218 [October,

after a long period of enquiries and negotiations, I obtained permission
to enter and the loan of the necessary key. This was on July 2nd,
when I was pleased to find the work of the colony re-commenced, but
less advanced than last year, and the (^ (^ not only abundant (so that
I secured a nice little series of them) but decidedly outnumbering
the ? $ . After taking several pairs in copula I left off collecting,
and simply watched for developments. Nothing happened, however,
beyond what I have already recorded. Again the only Chrysids
visible (and as before never visiting the tubes) were ignita (rarely)
and cyanea (abundantly). Again Trypoxylon went in and out of the
tubes just as it had done last year. On July 7th I came again, and
found reniformis ^ still present, but in reduced numbers, and mostly
visiting flowers and hovering over grass at some distance from the
burrows. The tubes were evidently becoming more numerous, and
the ? $ were working at them steadily. There were still no Chrysids
about them, and their only visitor was the Trypoxylon.

8oon after this I had an engagement to spend a fortnight in
Yorkshire, and, just before leaving, I went over once more with a
camera, and secured a couple of photographs showing portions of the
wall with the tubes in situ. The results are perhaps as good as I
could expect ; but the actual contrast in appearance between the tubes
and their surroundings is too slight even in nature to show up well
in a photograph. Their details, however, and the texture of the walls
themselves, are sufiiciently well brought out to make the photographs
interesting records to myself, though by no means " brilliant pictures."
At this last visit 1 saw no more (^ ^ . I am not sure of the exact
date, but it was about July 12th or 13th.

After returning from Yorkshire 1 could not get again to Chobham
till August 2nd, when I spent an hour or two there in the morning.
The tubes were now^ apparently all finished, and, with a few excep-
tions, quite perfect, and of uniform size and shape. None of the
wasps, however, were to be seen, and only an occasional Trypoxylon
flitting about the tubes but not entering them. It was a cloudy and
windy morning ; and all I could do was to try to count the tubes (50
or thereabouts), and wish for better weather. That night (as may be
remembered) there was a great storm ; but next morning (August 3rd)
was bright, though cool and windy, so I rode over again and watched
for a couple of hours or more. I found that a good many of the tubes
had come to grief since yesterday — damaged perhaps by the rain and
wind —but many were still quite perfect. Still, however, no specimens
of reniformis aj)peared. There were a few Odyneri on the wing round

1906.]

219

the cottage, but these all proved to be ^^ (^ or ? ? of ccdlosus. I pre-
sume, therefore, that the active life of this year's colony is now ended,
having lasted perhaps from the last week of June to the end of July.
1^'rom Switzerland (Geneva) I have males of the species taken as early
as May 30th, but in this country it would probably seldom be worth
while to look for it till at least a fortnight later.

M. Fertou in his interesting Observations sur V instinct de quel-
ques Rymenopteres (Bordeaux, 189G), points out that the real use of the
tubes or " chimneys " constructed by renifonnis and certain other
Odyneri is still unknown. A somewhat similar but much larger and
stronger vertical chimney is formed by a bee {Eucera obesa) which
builds in ihe midst of a thick vegetation, and he suggests that without
some such land-mark, especially in windy weather, the bee might have
dilliculiy in finding the way back to its hole. But this cannot explain
the practice in the case of Odynerus, which builds in open spaces
whether horizontal or vertical. Another wasp-genus (Geramius) I have
seen in Spain, building tubes like those of Odynerus, but straight
(not curved) on bare patches of level soil. It has been suggested
that they are meant to hide the holes from parasites running on the
wall ; but in the case of O. spinipes they certainly do not succeed in
baffling its chief enemies, the Chrysids viridula and neglect a. Another
idea is that, when the nest has to be closed, the tubes supply con-
venient material close at hand for the purpose ; but for this purpose
they seem very needlessly large and elaborate, and, in fact, the tubes
often remain practically perfect after the nest is closed. It has also
been suggested that they may be protections against rain, wind, &c.,
but they are themselves so frail and delicate (crumbling at the slightest
touch) that any weather likely to damage the nest would, I believe, no
less destroy the tube also. And one would also expect, in that case
that the form of the tube would differ according as the burrow was
formed in a perpendicular oblique or horizontal surface, which does
not seem to be the fact. Personally, though doubtfully, I lean to the
idea that, at least in some times and places, they may have helped the
Odyneri or their ancestors by baffling unwelcome visitors. Though
they may fail against Chrysids^ it does uot follow that they are useless
against all intruders who might do mischief in the burrows— omnivo-
rous beetles, earwigs, ants, mites, Mutillidcs perhaps in some districts
etc. Besides, even against Chrysids they may at least oppose delays,
though not an insuperable obstacle. Lastly — inasmuch as hereditary
instincts may depend as much, if not more, on past as on present
circumstances— there is the possibility that Odynerus has simply in-

T 2

220 [October,

herited, unaltered, from its ancestors a method of defence, which was
sufficient a^^ainst the ancestors of Ohn/sis, but which is useless against
Chrysis itself, 'i'he attack may have beaten the defence, while yet
the defence has not been abandoned. But one would be rather sorry
to believe that these beautiful structures were no better than a sense-
less anachronism, the result of *an instinct that had outlived its only
purpose.

Woking : August, 1903.

CARIDA AFFINIS, Patk., A BEETLE NEW TO BRITAIN.
BT D. SHARP, M.A., M.B., F.E.S.

We are indebted to Colonel Yerbury and Mr. C. G. Lamb for
the discovery of this species in Britain. Carid'i affinis is very similar
in form to G. flexuosa, but is rather smaller, and is darker in colour,
being piceous, with the shoulders reddish ; the margiJis of the thorax
are also vaguely red ; the auteuiise and legs are entirely pale red. The
sculpture and pubescence are excessively fine.

There is some doubt as to whether this species has been found
in Britain before, as according to Seidlitz (Ins. Deutschlands Y, «', p.
524), Abdera picea, AValker, is a synonym of the Hallomenus affinis
of Paykull. In this I think Seidlitz is wrong, for Walker's brief
description and the locality are neither of them suitable to (J. affinis.
He says —

'^Abdera picea. Picea, A. hifasciata et quadrifasciata angustior, antennis basi,
pedibus thoracisque margina fulvis. Picea, nitens, subtilissime punctata, fere glabra :
oculi nigro-picei ; discus piceus : antennae fuscse, basi fulvae ; pedes fulvi. Corp.
long. lin. If. Found near London.

The species occurs in Scandinavia, Germany and France.

Seidlitz treats Garida as a subgenus of Abdera. He divides the
genus into four named subgenera, though he has only six species, and
it appears to me to be better and more natural to treat G. flexuosa
and affinis as a distinct genus.

Mr. C. G. Lamb gave me a specimen of this species, found by
him in Strathspey in July last. On calling the attention of Colonel
Yerbury to its interest, he looked for it with such success that, owing
to his kindness, it is now in several collections. \t occurred in fungus
on old trees. On visiting the spot with Mr. Lamb this year we found
the tree had been cut down, and with its fungus cleared away, and
we could find no trace of the insect.

Brockenhurst : Sept. 13th, 1906.

1906.]

221

SOME NEW EXOTIC FLEAS.

BY THE HON. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHIID, M.A., F.L.S.

PTGIOPSYLLA, qen. nov.

? . Frona without tubercle ; a row of bristlos from the palpus running obliquely
upwards. Two oblique rows of bristles on the occiput, besides a subapical row.
Pronotum with at least two rows of bristles and a comb. Episternum of meta-
thorax large. Seventh abdominal tergite with at least one apical bristle situated
below those which are placed on a cone. Sensory plate (so-called pygidium) strongly
convex, projecting backwards. First midtarsal segment longer than second. Fifth
tarsal segment with five bristles on each side.

Type : P. hilli, Eothsch. {Ceratophylluii) .

To this genus belongs the species described as OeratophyJlus hilli,
ahalcd, rohinsoni, novceguinece, tvoodtvardi, rofJiscJiiJdi, and echidnce, as
well as the new one here described.

Ptgiopstlla colossus, spec. nov. (Fig. 1).

$ . A very large species, resembling in size P. eehidnse, Denny.

Head: — The maxillary palpus is very long, nearly
reaching to the apex of the fore coxa. The second
segment is twice the length of the first and about
one-third longer than the fourth. The labial palpus
extends to the apex of the trochanter ; it consists
of five segments, of which the fourth is the longest,
as is the case in P. M/2, Eothschild (190i). The
bristles of the frontal row are thin ; between this
row and the eye there are numerous hairs and three
long bi'istles, one standing in front of the eye. The
occiput bears numerous small hairs at the antennal
groove, arranged irregularly.

Thorax :— "The thorax and abdomen are densely
covered with small hairs on the back. The pronol um
bears three rows of bristles and some additional hairs.
The comb consists of 20 teeth, these being a little
Fig. 1. ' over half the length of the pronotum. The mcso-

notum is dorsally a little longer than the pronotum inclusive of the comb, and
one-fourth longer than the metanotum. The sternum and epimerum of the ineso-
thorai bear altogether about twelve small bristles. There are three hairs at the
upper hinder angle of the sternum of the metathorax, the episternum bearing
two hairs, while there ai'e about 24- small bristles on the epimerum.

Abdomen : — The first tergite is strongly narrowed anteriorly, being longer than
the mesonotum. The second and third tergites bear a tooth on one or both sides.
The hairy dorsal area does not extend below the stigma, except the postmedian row
of bristles. There are on the seventh tergite two apical bristles situated on cones, the
upper one being less than half the length of the lower. Below them there is a third
bristle which is shorter and is not placed on a cone. The first sternite bears only a

222 [October,

few bristles, which are ventral in position. The following four sternites have each
a subapical row of from six to eight bristles, and very numerous hairs proximally of
that row. The seventh sternite is bisinuate (fig. 1 ; as the segment is broken, the
ventral outline of the figure may not be correct).

Leqa : — The mid and hind coxae have two bristles and a short hair posteriorly
near the apex. The mid and hind femora bear on the inner side a subventral row
of small hairs, and posteriorly four or five subventral bristles. The tibise are densely
covered with hairs on the outer side. The tai'si are long and slender. The first
fore-tarsal segment equals the second in length, while the first mid-tarsal one is
longer than the second, its longest apical bristle reaching the middle of the second
segment. The first hind-tarsal segment bears eight pairs of bristles on the posterior
side, and about twelve pairs on tlie anterior side. The longest apical bristle of the
second hind-tarsal segment reaches to the apex of the third. The fourth hind-tarsal
segment is about three times as long as broad, while the fifth segment is a little
shorter and narrower than the third, its bristles being short and slender. The pro-
poi'tions of the tarsal segments are : —

]8t segt. 2nd segt. 3rd'"segt. 4th segt. 5th segt.

Mid-tarsus 31 24 16 9 19

Hind-tarsus 59 46 25 ... . 14 23

Modified segmeyitfi : — The eighth tergite has a few bristles above the stigma, but
none below it. The bi'istles at and near the apical and ventral edges of this tergite
are slender, but not long. The eighth sternite is small and bears at the tip three
bristles on each side. The sensory plate is very strongly convex behind ; it is not
encircled by a smooth and strongly chitinised ring. The stylet is cylindrical, widen-
ing a little basally being about three times as long as it is broad proximally. The
anal sternite is sti'ongly convex beneath in the centre, and bears very numerous
hairs. Length. 4*8 mm.

"We have one ? of this interesting species, collected by Mr.
Alexander Morton off a Tasmanian rat at Hobart, Tasmania.

CH^Tf^PSTLLA HOMCETTS, spec. IIOV.

?. Near (77?. wihado, Eothsch. (1904), and Cli. fricliosn, Koh.
(1903), differing: specially in the bristles of the abdominal ters^ites.

Head : — The rostrum is shorter than in the above-mentioned species. The
occiput bears three bristles behind the base of the antennae, and a lateral row of
four in the middle, besides the subapical row.

Thorax : — The epimerum of the metathorax bears two rows of bristles, the
first row consistingr of seven or eight, the second of six.

Abdomen : — The first three termites bear three rows of bristles, the anterior row
being irregular and incomplete, while the other two rows are continued below the
stigma on the second and third segments, there being eight or nine bristles below
the stigma. On the foui'th tergite there are two bristles beneath the stigma, and
one on the other termites, while there are three or four hairs above the stigma on these
segments, apart from the postmedian row. Thetergites are similar in shape to those
of frichosa and mikado, but do not extend quite so far down. The sternites are also
similar to those of the above-mentioned species, that of the seventh segment bearing
in the type specimen two rows of bristles.

1906. j 223

Legs: — The fifth tarsal segment is shorter than in trichosa, being less than
three times as long as broad. The proportions of tlie segments are : —

let segt. 2nd sogt. 3rd segt. 4th segt. 5th segt.

Mid-tarsus 19 17 12 8 19

Hind-tarsus 35 22 13 9 19

Modified segments : —The e\g\\ih.ievg\teheQ.vs, from four to sis short bristles
above the stigma, and a row of from eight to twelve from the stigma downwards.
There are also six moderately long bristles and many short ones at and near the
apical edge. The eighth sternite is rounded at the apex, bearing at the apical edge
about six bristles, of which the proximal one is the longest. Length, 3'3 mm.

We have two ^ ? from Canis sp., taken by Lord Osborne Beau-
clerk at Ancouza, in Central Asia.

Ch^topstlla lasius, spec. nov. (Figs. 2, 3).
? . A very distinct black species. bearins: long black bristles.
Head .—There is a row of four bristle* before the eye. The occiput has laterally
two hairs behind the base of the antenna, three bristles in the centre, and a sub-
apical row of about ten bristles. The labial palpus consists o*^ five seg ^ents. The
frons is rounded, being feebly tuberculate.

Thorax : — The pronotum bears one row of bristles, the mesonotura and meta-
notum two rows, the metanotum having additional bristles in front of the two rows.
There are in all about 14 bristles on the mesosternite. The sternum of the meta-
thorax bears two bristles, the episternum 7 to 10, while there are on the epimerum
a regular posterior row of 5, and two irregular rows of 9 to 10 together. The
hinder edge of the epimerum is rounded from the stigma to about the centre, and
then nearly straight, being slightly incurved, the apical lobe not projecting so far
backwards as in Ch. trichosa, Koh. (1903).

Abdomen : — The tergites 1 to 7 bear each two rows of bristles, the first two

tergites having some ad-
ditional bristles. The
tergites 2 to 7 are very
narrow, and, being pro-
duced backwards behind
the stigma, have the ap-
pearance of a stocking
=s-(fig. 2). The anterior
row of bristles is incom-
^'S^- ^'^^- pleteonsegment3 5to7,

some dorsal bristles being missing. The sternites are widely separated from the
tergites and from one another, the first two being the largest. There are a few
lateral and ventral bristles on the first sternite, the second sternite bearing a row of
three long bristles and several small ones, there being in addition some small hairs
which stand further forwards. The sternite of segments 4 to 6 has a row of at least
three long bristles and some small ones. These sternites appear, like that of the
seventh segment, to be almost completely divided in the mesial line into two separate
sclerites. The seventh sternite is emarginate posteriorly (fig. 3),

REARINa OF APATURA IRIS FROM A FORCED OVIPOSITION.

BY E. C. AND F. W. ANDREWS.

Early in July last year we paid a sbort visit to the New Forest.
We found that Lepidopterous insects were not too plentiful, the most
conspicuous, such as A.paphia and L sylilla, being less common than
usual. Trecicling proved a dismal failure, nothing but stray T. hatis and
very common species coming to the trees. We were much pleased, how-
ever, to capture a $ albino variety of E. tithonus in good condition.
Another interesting event was the discovery that Vi ^ A. selene, which
we had put into a small glass-topped box, had laid 41 ova. Of these,
eighteen reached by September the imago state, the rest insisting on
hibernating.

Beyond this we should have nothing worth recording, had it not
been for Apatura iris, which in one part of the Forest was almost
plentiful.

Having, between July 14th and 18th, shadowed several A. iris
with praiseworthy patience, we finally ran our quarr}^ down. One of us

224 [October,

Leqs:— The mid and hind femora are almost straight on the upper side. The
tarsi are a little stouter than in Ck. trichosa, but slendei-er than in Ch. ursi. The '
first segment of the fore tarsus is somewhat shorter and broader than the second,
its longest apical bristle reaching to the apex of the second segment. The apical
bristles of the second, third and fourth segments of the hind tarsus are long and
slender, several of these of the fourth segment extending beyond the claw. The
fii'st hind tarsal segment is deeply notched, appearing constricted behind the sub-
apical pairs of bristles. The bristles on the ventral surface of the tarsi ai-e more
numerous than in Ch. trichosa. The fifth segment is nearly the same as in Ch.
trichosa, but the fourth lateral bristle is less widely separated from the third than
in that species. The proportional length of the tarsal segments is as follows : —
1st segt. 2nd segt. 3rd segt. 4th segt. 5th segt.

Mid-tarsus 23 18 13 10 24

Hind-tarsus 38 23 15 11 24

Modified segments :— The eighth tergite bears a few small hairs above the
stigma, and from 7 to 10 bristles from the stigma downwards, arranged in two
irregular rows, these rows extending aboat one-third down the side, being widely
separated from the bristles which are situated at and near the apical and ventral
edges. The eighth sternite bears a few very short but rather stout hairs at the
ventral edge from two-thirds of the segment to the apex. Length, 31 mm.

We have two ? $ from Canis sp., taken by Lord Osborne Beau-
clerk at Ancouza, in Central Asia.

Tring Park, Tring :

September, 1906.

1906.] 226

the rather unusual luck of netting two at a stroke, a male and a
female, both damaged ; whilst the other caught a fine and fresh
female by jumping up into the air and sweeping it off an oak. We
bottled this last and kept the damaged female for eggs.

Lodgings are not favourable places for the progress of entomo-
logy, but we did what we could for our A. iris by putting it in a net
cage, giving it sallow, and feeding it on offal, which it sipped at
intervals. By this time our visit was drawing to an end, and when
we left Brockenhurst the butterfly had not laid one egg. The journey
home w^as the last straw, for on opening the box on our arrival at
Forest Hill, we found, to our deep regret, that the insect was dead.

This was quite a calamity, as we were not familiar with A. iris, and
were looking forward to a full acquaintance with the beautiful larva
and still more beautiful pupa. About a day and a half later it
suddenly occurred to us — as it has before with other species — to
attempt a sort of Caesarean operation on the dead butterfly. We slit
the abdomen from underneath, laid bare the ovipositor, took out
the eggs and fixed them on paper. While doing this we noticed one
egg close to the ovipositor : this we succeeded in pressing through ;
the egg was thus laid mechanically by the dead insect, and adhered
at once on contact with paper.

After this we looked at odd intervals into the box containing the
eggs until July 80th, when we were surprised to find that the egg
pressed through the ovipositor had hatched. The larva was bright
green in hue, with the markings of succeeding stages down the body,
and with a large, rounded, nut-brown head It was removed to a
glass-topped uietal box, and supplied with sallow until August 6th,
when it moulted, appearing for the first time with the characteristic
horns.

Entomologists accustomed to rear A. iris may think we took un-
necessary care in keeping our solitary one ; but as it was the first
larva of the species we had ever had, and as its strange birth might
have weakened its constitution, we thought we could not do better than
treat it well. Our idea was to give it natural conditions, with the
dangers of those natural conditions minimised to the utmost extent.

Towards the end of August we filled a garden pot with earth,
drove a bottle of water into it and placed sallow in the bottle, coverint^
the whole with black silk chiffon, such as ladies use for veils. This
material acted as an excellent filter for the London air, and at the
same time did not obstruct light. Having introduced the larva to
this new home, we placed the pot on a northerly window sill, removing

226 [October,

it to other window sills when the rain hecnme heavy or the wind too
violent from the northerly quarter.

On September 8th it moulted for the second time, appearing
with horns of a light nut-brown tint, as in the previous stage. From
that date it grew very slowly indeed, eating by night, and resting by
day on the upper-side of a leaf upon which it spun a web mat.
During this period, as far as we could ascertain, it did not eat by day,
nor did it devour the leaf on which it rested. It was in the habit of
crawling off its perch at twilight and mounting the sallow to some-
where near the top, where it took a short, vii^orous meal off a young
leaf, descending afterwards to its webbed resting place. Things went
on like this through September and October without any change,
except perhaps that it ate less and less after October 15th. By this
date sallow began to be very seared and dry ; but we continued re-
plenishing the pot at intervals of a week, so long as we could find a
single bit of sallow with a leaf or two yet clinging to the stem.

It may be remembered that towards the end of October last year
we had several rather sharp spells of cold, with hail showers and frost
at night. On one occasion we left the pot on the northern window
sill exposed to the full force of a heavy shower. The larva was
drenched, but it made no attempt to seek shelter. It was about now
that we began preparing the pot for hibernation. All the earth was
removed, and withered saxifrage, the nearest suitable material to
hand put in its place. This was arranged round the sides of the pot
like a nest, leaving the centre hollow. In this centre the bottle with
sallow in it was placed, and about a dozen leafless twigs immediately
round it, all ready for the tiny creature to inspect.

On October 31st it deserted its web mat, and for nearly twenty-
four hours crawled restlessly over the dry twigs, settling down at last
upon a clean spot where the bark had been torn off. This was at the
top of the pot, and completely exposed. Here, with its horns bent
forward so that they touched the twig, it commenced its long winter
sleep.

It had now undergone a rather interesting change, having lost its
bright green colour, and turned to a muddy, yellowish-brown
tint. This change, while not being very decided, was sufficient to
make us fear that the larva was going to damp off. However, it re-
mained motionless from November 1st up to March 17th of this year
without showing any signs of deterioration, except, perhaps, in
January, when it looked rather shrivelled — the weather then being
unusually mild and trying to its constitution.

1906.] 227

During the dead winter months we examined the pot fort-
nightly, occasionally sprinkling it with water, not allowing the larva,
however, to get a drop. Our idea here was to maintain a moderately
moist atmosphere just now and again, such as is so necessary for some
pupae. We were careful to avoid tlie twig on which the larva sat,
and, through minute inspection, twice arrested the progress of mildew
up the stem. The water perhaps did good, for it was after drenching
the saxifrage in January that the larva lo.st its shrivelled a|)pearance
and looked healthier and more robust.

So anxious were we now to bring the creatur^' through, that we
began, as early as the middle of February, to put sallow twigs with
embryo catkins on them round the dormant creature, thinking that it
might start eating, or, at all events, crawling and sipping at any
moment when mild weather reigned. We kept this up regularly, and
as March came in raised the net covering from the brim of the pot so
as to let in more light and air. The first spell of spring, about March
4th, produced no effect. But on March 17th, a brilliant day and very
mild, it made the first movement since hibernation. Kaising its head,
it waved its horns about with some rapidity, and after a short period
of quiescence suddenly crawled from its winter perch and made a
tour of the fresh sallow twigs. At about three o'clock in the after-
noon we found it busily burrowing into a young female catkin. Close
examination persuaded us that it was pushing away the silvery hairs
of the catkin to get at the green core. Having done this, it took some
dozen bites. Whether it actually devoured some of the catkin —
which it broke open on one side — or merely sucked juice out of it, we
were unable to discover. At four o'clock it became quiescent on the
catkin, and at dusk settled down on the stem immediately under it.
A period of wintry weather set in after this, and it did not move again
until April 3rd, when, encouraged by a brilliant spring day, it made
another tour of the fresh sallow twigs.

The water question now forced itself upon us, and we sprinkled
the stems plentifully. As a reward for this forethought it took a
couple of drinks and settled down in a fresh place, spinning a very
meagre web mat, the first since last autumn. On April 10th the
same thing look place as on April 3rd -another apparently useless
tour, eating nothing, although leaves were fast showing themselves,
but drinking readily.

The first meal took place on April 13th, when it ate vigorously
at dusk, after spending the day aimlessly wandering about and drink-
ing occasionally. From this date the situation seemed saved. We

228 [October,

gave it the best sallow we could find, and daily sprinkled water on
the leaves, and it drank and ate regularly at twilight. In the mean-
time the muddy tint accompanying hibernation departed, and the old
fresh green tint came back. Towards the end of April, considering
that there was no object in subjecting it to cold nights and wet
weather any longer, we took the pot indoors and placed it before an
airy window. As the spring advanced meals grew more frequent, and
when May came in it fed sometimes in the morning, sometimes in the
afternoon, always at twilight, and sometimes about midnight.

On May 13th it moulted, after having sat for nearly four days.
The horns in this stage were glaucous, tinged with blue. The fourth
and last moult did not take place until June 3rd, a prolonged cool, grey
period in May having considerably delayed its progress. It was very
susceptible to warmth. On cold days it took but one meal in the
twenty-four hours— at twilight ; on ordinary days some two or three ;
on hot days it ate in the morning, afternoon, evening, midnight, and
before dawn. Throughout this period it seemed ever ready for a
drink, and we allowed it to imbibe moisture once a day.

On June 22nd it was full grown, and had changed from a bright
grass-green to a milky-whitish tint. Fixing itself on the under-side
of a leaf it clung there — without suspending itself — until June 24th,
when it changed to a pupa. We were not fortunate enough to
witness the act of transformation.

The forming of the perfect insect in the beautiful shell of the
pupa was not observable until up to the very last momeni, when
it seemed to develop in the space of a day and a half. On July 9th
we suddenly saw the colour markings through the wing-cases, and on
July 10th it emerged, a moderate sized ? without any striking
characteristics.

Thus ended a very pleasant experience with a fine and not too
common species. The peculiar circumstances attending oviposition
evidently had no eifect on the constitution of the larva, for with the
exception of the time in January, when it looked rather shrivelled, we
could find no evidence of any suggestion of weakness. Each moult
was vigorous and quick, and pupation equally so. We may possibly
have taken too much trouble ; but we did not know for certain that
this species is particularly robust, and we considered a forced birth a
doubtful way of coming into the world. Whatever the real state of
affairs, it is quite certain that we succeeded.

41, St. German's Road, Forest Hill :
July 20th, 1906.

i90fi]. 229

Calosoma sycophanta in the New Forest. — It may interest some of jour readers
to hear that I was shown a living specimen of Calosoma sycophanta on June 23rd
last. It had been captured that morning while running over a lawn in a garden at
Lyndhurst. It was kept alive about a week, and was supplied with larvae of the
" asparagus beetle " (Crioceri.v a.v/?ara^i), which I am told it appeared to relish.
Last autumn the owner of the garden had some shrubs from the neighbourhood of
Orleans ; can the beetle have been imported with them ? This specimen was very
fresh and brilliantly coloured, and looked as though it had not long been hatched.
I do not know its sex. Seeing the note in this Magazine for July {ante p. 159)
recording a specimen taken in the New Forest, I thought it might be worth while
to note the fact that it was not the only one observed in this neighbourhood. —
Ethel F. Chawnee, Forest Bank, Lyndhurst, Hants. : September 2nd, 1906.

Apion limonii, Kirby, in its original locality. — I am not aware if this species
has ever been sought in the locality where the Rev. William Kirby first found it " in
the sea marshes at Holme-juxta-mare, in Norfolk, upon the leaves of Statice lima-
nium, when the plant was first beginning to blossom. . . It is perfectly distinct
from every other, and by far the most beautiful and splendid species of the genus
I have yet seen" (Kirby, Mon. Apion, Linn. Trans., vol. ix, p. 79). This was
written over a hundred years ago, and the insect discovered most opportunely, while
the Monograph was being published.

On August 19th last I visited Holme to find if the species had " braved a hun-
dred years the battle of the breeze," and found an extensive salt marsh, about half
a mile long by 200 yards broad, covered with the flowers of the sea lavender.
Sweeping proved of no use whatever over the bulk of this, and the cause was
presently manifest when the tide rolled in and completely covered the roots of the
plants. Only at the landward end, where the plants were much more scattered and
mixed with other salt marsh herbage and Juncus, were any of the Apion found.
Here, however, I swept a few in the morning ; and in the evening they were not un-
commonly found sitting and walking upon the mud at the roots of IStatice and the
adjacent herbage. Sandhoppers' holes in the mud were utilized to sit in, with the
snouts protruding. Upon being alarmed it feigns death for about three seconds
only, then walks with great activity ; it also has the annoying habit of suddenly
falling, or casting itself, from the plant when frightened. It is curiously inconspi-
cuous, and greatly resembles a flower of Statice when rolled up in the net. Statice
limoiiium first blossoms early in July ; but many of the Apions I took were still
immature, and of a paler colour than the typical form. It is a glorious little
creature, and Kirby well said of it " Finis coronat opus." — Claude Moeley, Monks'
Soham House, Suffolk : September, 1906.

Epursea parvula, Er., and its pabulum. — Not long ago I found a series of
Epuraea parvula in a very small fungus growing on a fallen oak trunk ; the fungus
unfortunately being in such a state as to be beyond recognition. For three evenings
I searched for more of the Epuraea (thinking it to be something other than parvula)
and just upon dusk of the third evening discovered a heap of dead branches lying
in the undergrowth not far from the original oak trunk. A small, hard and knob-
like fungus of a most unpromising nature grew here in some abundance, and

230 [October,

examining the same I found three Nitidulid larvae, a pupa from which E. parvula
eventually emerged, and several of the perfect beetle. I sent the fungus to the
Director of Kew Gardens, who very kindly identified it as Daldinia concentrica,
Cesati, and informed me that it was the only British species of the genus, which is
at once distinguished from all other fungi having a somewhat similar appearance by
the concentric zoning of the flesh when cut open. It is found on dead trunks and
branches of various trees, and is common in Britain as well as throughout Kurope,
Siberia, North America, India, Ceylon, Borneo, Java, Tasmania and New Zealand.
This note, then, explains why E. parvula is so often beaten from dead branches and
faggots ; and a good way of disposing of the fungus after examination is to heap it
in a niche formed by loosening the bark of a log lying in the neighbourhood, thus
forming a good trap.— Richard S. Baqnall, Winlaton : September iit/i, 1906.

Soloparamecus caularum, Aube, in the Isle of Sheppey.— On August 28th I
found a specimen of this rare and curious little beetle in debris of th-e " sack-heap "
on the premises of the Sheppey G-lue and Chemical Works at Q.ueenborough ; and
have since found it mgyj sparingly in siftings obtained from the heap at the same
time. — James J. Walker, Oxford : September 131 h, 1906.

Aetophorus imperialis, Oerni., in Kent. — I have taken about twenty specimens
of Aetopliorus imperialism Germ., in a patch of reeds m ClifPe Marshes, Kent, in
19i 5, and in this year. As I know of no record of this rare beetle from Kent, its
occurrence in that county may be worth publishing. — G. W. Nicholson, Guy's
Hospital, London, S.E. : August \Uh, 1906.

[In Ent. Mo. Mag., Ser. II, vol. ix, p. 114, I have recorded the occurrence of
Aetopliorus in March, 1898, at Funton, on the Medway Marsl-.es between Chatham
and Sheerness. — J. J. W.].

Coleoptera in Z>ezJO».— The following list, showing localities, of some of the
less common species which I have taken during the past twelve months, may be of
interest, as Devon records seem scanty : —

Buckfastlbigh. — Hydroporus septentrionalis^ Gyll, (common), Hydrxna
gracilis, Germ, (two), Homalota pavens, Er., hygrotopora, Kr., aquatica, Th., and
cinnamoptera, Th., Ischnopoda cserulea, Sahl. (a good number in flood rubbish),
Staphyllnus fidvipes, Scop, (one), Sienus guynemeri, Duv., Trogophl(£us arcuatus,
Steph., Choleva spadicea, Stm. (two in flood rubbish), Antherophagus nigricornis, F.,
Elmis volkmari, Pz., Cyphon pallidulus, Boh., DryophHus pusil/us, Gyll , Anaspis
garneysi, Fowl.

Christow. — Bembidium monticola, Stm. (one, flood rubbish), Hydroporus
septentrionaliSjGjW., Habrocerus capillar icornis, Gr., IVogophloeus arcuatus, Steph.,
Cis micans, Hbst.

Dawlish. — Fhyllobius pomonre, v. cinereipennis, Gyll., Tychius b-lineatus, L.,
T. tibialis, Boh., T. pygmxus, Bris.

South Brent. — Hydroporus septentrionalis, Gyll., Ilyobates nigricollis, Pk.,
Homalota currax, Kr., Ocypus compressus. Marsh., Philonthus carbonarius, Gyll.,
P. umbratilis, Gr., Trogophloeus arcuatus, Steph., Leptinus testaceus, Mijll. (one,

1906.] 231

dead leaves), Bythinus curtisi, Den., !Soronia puiictalissima, 111., S. grisea, L.,
Rhizophagus perforatus, Er., Serica brunnea, L., Agriotes nohrinus, Kies., Eubria
pahistris, Grerm. (one), Chrysomela gcettingensis, L. (one), Phsedon armoracise, L.,
Apoderus coryliy L., Polydrmua confiuens, Steph., Ceuthorrhynchus marginatus, Pk.

Teignmouth and Shaldon. — Limnseum nigropiceum, Marsh, (one), Oxypoda
recondita, Kr. (in an old fence post on top of Haldon), Homaloia longula, Heer,
Habrocerus capillaricornls, Gr., Heterotkops prsevia, Er., Hydnoblus perrisi, Faii'in.
(one, sweeping), H. punctatissimiis, Steph. (one, sweeping), Catops sericatus, Ohaud.,
Phyllotreta crucifene, Goez., P. vittula, Redt., Oncomera femorata, F., Gymnetron
rostellum, Hbst.

One Cicindela gennanica, L., at Seaton in June, 1895, and two Pterostichus
asihiops, Pz., at Dulverton in 1892.

I owe the identification of many of ihe above to the kindness of JVJr. E. A.
Newberj and Mr. J. H. Kejs. — Philip db la Gakde, Northumberland Place,
Teignmouth : August 28tk, 1906.

Rhizophagus perforatus, Er., attracted by putrid meat. — On p. 94 of the Ent.
Mo. Mag., Yol. XXXV, Dr. Mason gives an account of this beetle being taken in the
carcase of a dog, cavities in the flesh of which were filled with fungus. In July
last I found one of the same species under somewhat similar circumstances. I had
" planted " an old mutton bone (cooked) to which a good deal of flesh was adhering,
and on taking it up after eight days found it nearly covered with mould ; actually
on it not a single beetle was to be seen, but among the soil which lifted with it were
a few common IStaphylinidfe {Homalota circellaris, &c.) and one Rhizophagus per'
foratus ; there was no wood, and no trace of fungus, in the ground for certainly, at
least, six feet around the bone. — Id.

Melanism in Fidonia atomaria. — Whilst looking over the collection of Mr. B.
Morley in the spring of this year, I noticed in the series oi Fidonia atomaria several
specimens of a black form of the female which Mr. Morley had taken I think during
the previons summer on a high moor at the head of Drop Clough, Marsden, near
Huddersfield. Feeling sure that the form should occur on very similar ground,
but more readily accessible to myself, the moor adjoining Harden Clough, near this
town, I visited the spot on the afternoon of June 9th last. Both sexes of the moth
were flying freely in the hot sun, although the date was somewhat late, and I soon
found several of what I took to be the corresponding form of the male, although
they were not nearly so black as the females I had seen in Mr. Morley's cabinet,
being, with the exception of a small white spot on each fore-wing, of an unicolorous
dark purple-brown, very similar indeed, and probably identical, with the specimen
from the late Dr. Mason's Collection, figured on Plate 283, fig, I e, of Barrett's
" Lepidoptera of the British Islands." For a long time I saw no trace of the
female, and was on the point of coming away, when I caught sight of a small black
moth flying in the sun. Needless to say it was soon in the net, and proved to be as
anticipated a female of atomaria of glossy black, but having a small white spot on
each fore-wing, and the fringes also faintly spotted with white. When in the net
it looked and acted wonderfully like a black Syrichthus malvx, flying about in the
same lively manner, and settling with its wings half erect in the same position. I

232 [October,

kept her alive for a couple of days, but only obtained a very few eggs, from which
I hope I have about a score of pupae; and so am looking forward to knowing more
about the form next spring. It will be interesting too, to observe how many years
will elapse before the form becomes comparatively common. — Geo. T. I'oreitt,
Huddersfield : September bth, 1906.

Aristotelia lucideLla, Stph. : a correction. — With reference to Mr, Thurnall's
observation, Ent. Mo. Mag., XLII, 211 (1906), I wish to confirm his record by
stating that the plant from which I bred the insect was most certainly Eleocharis
palustris and not Scirpus lacustris as recorded by me Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIV,
205 (1898).

I am quite at a loss to account for the error, which is one of name and not of
observation, for the two plants were growing together in the same place. I named
them both correctly at the time, but by some mistake the names must have been
transposed.— Walsing HAM, Merton Hall, Thetford : August '11 th, 1906.

Crabro carbonarius, Sfc, in the South of Scotland.— As Mr. Saunders in his
"Additions and Corrections to the List of British St/menoptera since 1896," just
published in this Magazine, gives no locality for Crabro carbonarius, Dahlb., south
of Inverness-shire, I may mention that I took a female of this species at Saltoun,
Haddingtonshire, on July 11th, 1904?. In August, 1902, the same locality yielded
me Crabro aphidum, Lep., $ , and C. capitosus, S • C. aphidum has been recorded
from Loch Ard, Perthshire, by Mr. Carter (lint. Mo. Mag., 1901, p. 277). Besides
the males of Andrena ruficrus, Nyl., taken by me at Aberfoyle in April, 1896, 1 have
a female obtained at the same place on May 7th, 1902, as recorded in Annals Scot.
Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 186. Mr. Saunders Has seen all the above-mentioned specimens,
— William Evans, 38, Morningside Park, Edinburgh : September 6th, 1906.

Eare Hymenoptera Aculeata near Holmwood, Surrey. — Quite a number of
some of the scarcer IIymen,optera have occurred here during August and the latter
part of July of this year, as follows : — Salius affinis, one $ on Achillea ; I'assalcecus
monilicornis ; Crabro pubescens, both sexes abundantly on raspberry and currant
leaves ; C. anxius, one $ ; Prosopis cornuta, dllatala and confusa ; Sphecodes ferru-
ginatus and variegatus S S and puncticeps, on Umbellifene commonly ; Ralictus
Issvigatus and freygessneri ; Andrena rosx, one ? ; cetii, ^ 9 only; lucens; Ceratina
cyanea, one J one ? ; Stelis phoeoptera.

Of the above the most noteworthy are, perhaps, Cr. ^:>«<be.9cew.y, Ceratina, and
Pr. dilatata. The latter I took on at least four different plants, i. e., bramble,
Achillea, wild carrot, and on one of the smaller white Umbelliferx. The ^ of
Ceratina hovered more like one of the Syrphidse over a blossom of Pulicaria, while
the ? was flying slowly through heather, but a careful watch kept subsequently on
both plants proved fruitless. Echium, its reputed favourite, does not grow here (to
my knowledge), nor could I find it visiting any of the Labiates as Friese states it
will do. Mr. Saunders informed me that, according to Prof. Perez, it patronises
daisies on the Continent, but these were also drawn blank. The possibility of finding
it on Lamium, heather, Echium, Pulicaria, and daisies, would seem to show that
Ceratina is as capricious in its bill of fare as it undoubtedly has been in its ap-
pearances to its would-be captor, — C. H. Mortimer, Holmwood : Aug. ZOth, 1906,

1906.] 233

Athalia Scutellaria in Cheshire. — On AugiisL IStli and 25tli, 190G, I found a
number of larvae of an Athalia feeding on Scutellaria galerlculata at Great Bud-
worth, near Northwich. I compared them with the description and \)\vLte oi Athalia
scutellarix, Cameron, in Cameron's '' Monograph of the British Phytophagous
Hymenoptera" (Vol. i, p. 313, pi. Ill, fig. 9, Kay Soc., 1882), and concluded that
they were referable to this species ; Mr. Edward Saunders and the Rev. F. D.
Morice, to whom I sent some examples, are also of this opinion, Mr. Cameron
remarks (o/>. ciY., p. 314), "The only locality I know of is Grioucester, where the
larvae were found by Mr. Allan Harker, who obligingly sent them to me," and when
he first described the species (Ent. Mo- Mag., xvii, p. QQ, 1880), said that he suc-
ceeded in rearing the perfect insects during the last weeks in June ; these Gloucester
larvae were obtained in the autumn of 1879.

The larva of the closely allied A. rosse, Linn,, is not described or figured by
Cameron, but he states in an Appendix to vol iv that Brischke describes the larva
of ^. .st'M^e//ar/ct' under the name of ro5c"e. Most of the larvae which I found on
August 25th were apparently full fed, but there were also some much smaller
examples; on September 1st the plant on which I found most of the larvae was
withered and dead, and I could not find any on another group of plants where on
the 25th I found a few. — T. A. Coward, Bowdon, Cheshire : September, 1906.

Oastrophilus nasalis, L., in the Neio Forest. — A specimen of this rare OEstrid
was bred by Mr, J. Piffai'd about the end of last June from a pupa found in cow-
dung near Brockenhurst. It has been identified by Mr. E. E. Austen, and, with
the empty pupa case, is in my collection,— F. C. Adams, 50, Ashley Gardens, S.W, :
September \st, 1906.

Phora cubitalis, Seek., a species new to the British List. — During the last week
of July this year a rather conspicuous species of Phora occurred rather commonly on
aspen trees at Bonhill, in Dumbartonshire. Upon examination it proved to be
Phora cubitalis, Beck., a species not hitherto recorded from Britain. It was confined
to one small patch of aspens upon which the larvae of a species of Chrysomelid beetle
were abundant. Altogether I netted over thirty specimens. The species is easily
recognised in the ^ by the much dilated second thick vein, and also in both sexes
by the yellow legs, antennae, palpi, and yellowish humeri. Some of the specimens
were sent to Dr. J. H. Wood, who agreed in the identification. — J. R. Malloch,
Bonhill, Dumbartonshire, N.B. : August, 1906.

Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouche, on Relianthemum vulgare. — Mr. Newstead sug-
gests it might be well to send you a note as to this scale insect occurring on our
common rock I'ose. I sent him specimens, and he says I am correct in my determi-
nation of the insect, and in the belief that the food-plant is a new one for that
somewhat polyphagous species. I find the scales abundant on a plant brought in
from tlie chalk downs here and potted for another entomological purpose. — T. A.
Chapman, Betula, Reigate : September 5th, 1906.

234 [October,

Baron Charles Robert v. d. Osten Saeken died on May 20th last at Heidelberg,
In him one of the greatest Dipterologists of the second half of the nineteenth
century has passed away. Born on August 21st, 1828, he became interested in
entomology at the early age of eleven. Entomologlcus nascitur nan fit — but it was
not until 1854 that the jSrst of his writings appeared in pi'int, and even at the com-
mencement he sketched the classification of the TipuUdse, with which family his
name will always be most closely associated. Even as his first paper indicated his
future favourite study, so his appointment in 1856 to be Secretary of Legation for
Eussia in Washington was seized by him as an opportunity of making personal
acquaintanceship of noted entomologists during his journey, a habit which he con-
tinued for the next forty years. Probably every prominent student of Dipterology
in Europe or North America was visited by him, and many of them frequently.
Twenty-one years of his life were spent in the United States, and it is due to him
that the Americans are now enabled to have their collections of Diptera better
arranged and better named than is the case in any other country. Another twenty-
seven years were spent in Heidelberg, and produced valuable contributions to
science, winding up witli a " Record of my Life Work in Entomology," in which he
reviewed his work of fifty years, and also gave a series of most interesting records
of his contemporaries in work.

Though fully conscious of his own powers he was never a man who sought to
put himself forward, and he was always ready to give all the information he could
possibly obtain to any other worker. Thus, for instance, he sent all the new species
of Diptera which he could collect in America to Herrmann Loew for description,
whereby Loew described 1350 new species. On the other hand he hated careless
work, and sooner or later he criticized it most severely, and above all he disliked
anybody to superficially criticize his own work. Probably no entomologist was ever
more "thorough" in his work, and his bibliographical collection in Dipterology
was unrivalled, and his was not merely a Library but notes were made by him from
every work, so that he practically never missed a record of what had been previously
written. VVhen he left America he presented all his American Collection of Diptera
to the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, Mass., and during the re-
mainder of his life he never attempted to form any definite collection, but studied
the specimens in various Museums, and his memory was marvellous as to what he
had seen. He had, however, formed a very different and very exhaustive collection
of quite a different nature during his residence at Heidelberg, as he had obtained
large photographs of nearly all the works of the great Painters, and in many cases
was enabled by this means to detect originals from copies ; this collection must be
of very considerable value, and it is to be hoped that he fulfilled his wish to bequeath
it to one of our British Colleges.

It is impossible to enumerate his works on Diptera in a short retrospect, nor is
it necessary, because his own " Record " gives them thoroughly, but it is possible to
remark that very few men have been so thoroughly adapted to be a " Master " in
his studies as w^as the case with Osten Saeken. Absolute master of almost every
European language ; possessor of adequate means to associate in any company ; of
noble birth, which would give him admission to any rank of society j of diplomatic

235

1906.1

training, which produced the most polished manners; all these qualities combined
with an exceedingly retentive memory, which he helped by detailed notes and e.act
observations, produced such a Master of Dipterology as we shall probably never

see again. , ...

The writer of this obituary counts it as one of the most valued treasures oHns
life that he had the personal acquaintance and friendship of the Baron for about
thirty years, and it is with the greatest regret that he has received the sad news of
his death. Only as recently as 1904 his '« Record " ended with the words, " I now
conclude, at the age of 76, in good health and with unimpaired eyesight."

a. H. Yerrall.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society:
Thursday, July \2th, 1906.-Mr. R. Adkin, President, in the Chair.

Mr. Bellans, of Bedford Part, was elected a Member.

Mr. aoulton exhibited the living larv^ of PJiytometra viridaria {a^nea)
feedinc. on Polygala vulgaris and also larvae of Cidaria suffumata. Mr. Step, ova
and larv^ at different instars of Dicranura vinula and a series of photographs of
Lepidoptera at rest. Mr. Turner, ova in situ of Coleophora vimineteUa on willow
C solitariella on Stellaria holostea, and one imago of Goniodoma Ihnomella bred
from Statics Umoninm stems from Southend. Mr. West (Greenwich), short series
of Cryptoceplalns parmJns and C punctiger, and Balaninus cerasorum from
Darenth Wood, taken on July 1st. Mr. Garrett, living larv^ and pup^ of meUoe
cardami.es. Mr. F. B. Carr, a cocoon and pupa of Sarrotlripus undulanus
{revayand).

Thmicy, My mh. 190e.-TIie President in the Chair.

Mr Wert (Ashteadl exhibited a short series of Plmia mo.da obtained in
his garden. Mr. Moore, a varied series of T!pir,eplele janira from Boulogne.
Mr.Eayward,p«p. of Polyommatus corydon and TkecJa rM, the former from
larv. reared on horse-shoe veteh. and the latter from ova laid on flower heads of
dogwood; also ova of Lyc^na arion and TUUn. a,!,o», and referred to the rela-
tively small size of the former. He further reported that of some 30 larvae of
P coryion taken at Beigate on June 18th, nearly all were attended by ants,
For»u.«/a».,and gave most interesting details of their interrelafons Mr. F,
Noad Clark, a photograph of the ova of TrocUVurn eralronifor.us, laid by a ?
taken by Mr. Edwards at Horsley. Mr. West and Mr. Ashby, 13 spee.es of Long,-
corns taken in the New Forest from May 26th to June 9th, ineluding .^.^."-m,
Callidinm violaceu,n (in numbers), AnopUdera ,e.guUata, Leiopn. M,,.,,
CJytus ,nyaic,., To.otus .,eM)anu.. &e. Mr. E. Adkin, the beautiful red form
var /»™»<.W«, Hub., of Miava hUoUria. Mr. Noad Clark, beautiful m.cro photo-
graphs of the ova of four species of Coleophora reeently obtained by Mr. Turner,
together with an enlargement of the mieropyle of each. Mr. Tonge, a pho.ogra,*
showing the proteetive resemblance of the larva of CatocaU nupta. Mr. Sich,
(I) living specimens showing a ease of MMlerian mimicry between the Gelechud,
Securvaria (Aphananla) nanella. and a Hemipteron, Phytocorh titi^, frequenting

236 [October,

elm bavk ; (2) a very aberrant form of a Ptfqxra bred from Chislelmrst ; and
(3) the ova of Lycxna alcon on a gentian, with a photograph of the same by
Mr. Clark.

Thursday, August 9fh, IDOfi.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Sich exhibited living examples of the Tineid, Ochsenheimeria vacculeJla,
with a shoi't summary of tlie little that is known of the species. Mr. West and
Mr. Ashby, a further portion of the Coleoptera collected by them in the New
Forest, including Trachys troglodytes, 'Elater sangidnolentus, E. lythropterus, &c.
Mr. Adkin, imagines of Vygdera pigra and P. curtula with hybrids for comparison
with Mr. Sich's Pygsera; finally, this last was considered to be a beautiful aberration
of P. pigra. Mr. Adkin also showed full-fed larvjB of Acldalia 'marginepunctata
(promufata) from Eastbourne ova. Mr. Main, a European Mantis in the pre-
imaginal stage, a larva of Papilio podalirius, and a 9 of Parnassius apollo, with ova
of the same, all from the Rhone "Valley. Mr. Eayward, living larvae of AgropMla
trahealis (sulphuralis) from Cambridge, and of Cupido minima from Horsley.
Mr. Tonge, (1) a living larva of Phryxus Jivornica from Lewes ; (2) and a pre-
served larva from Alberto, Spain ; (3) a larva of Sesia stellatarum from Dunwich;
and (4) a series of photographs of Lepidoptera at rest taken during the Society's
Field Meeting at Leith Hill on June 30th, including Bomolocha fontls (crassalis),
Cucullia umbratica, Larentia viridaria, &c. Mr. Edwards, var. caeca of Enodia
hyperanthus, and a ? TrocMIium crahroniformis from Horsley on July 14th.

Thursday, August 23r^.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Harrison and Mr. Main exhibited (1) a long bred series of Mama orion
from ova from a New Forest ? ; and (2) a bred series of Phorodesma smaragdaria
from Essex. Mr. Barnett, (1) a short series of Anthrocera irifolli from Wanbury,
mostly with confluent spots, and one with ill-developed scales ; and (2) several
remarkably pale examples of Epinephele janira. Mr. Crow, living larvae of
Melanthia alhicillata on bramble. Mr. Carr, living larvae of Acidalia imitaria
from ova on dandelion. Mr. Turner, (1) examples of the Hemipteron, Carpoeoris
(Pentatoma) fuscispina, from Morgenbacht hal and Lucerne ; (2) Heliothis pelti-
gera taken at Brockenhurst on June 4th ; (3) a series of Bomolocha fontis
(crassalis) from Leith Hill in early July ; (4) Mgeria cuJidfonnis from Beacons-
field ; (5) Coleophora limoniella bred from larvee taken at Fobbing in 1905,
together with a spray of Stafice Umonium showing the larval eases ; (6) specimens
of Polyommatus escheri, the small form from Gavarnie in the Pyrenees, with
Alpine forms of the same species and of P. iearus for comparison ; (7) on behalf
of Mr. Harrison, specimens of Melitsea dictynna from Meiringen with M. athalia T
taken at the same place and time ; and (8) and on behalf of Mr. J. W. Tutt,
several species of Ascalaphus and Myrmeleon from the Alps. Mr. West and
Mr. Ashby, some 50 further species of Coleoptera taken in the New Forest this
year, including Calosoma inquisitor, Notiophilus rufipes, Psederus caUgatus, Ips
^i-guttata, &c. Mr. Adkin, a series of Polyommatus hellargus, females, from East-
bourne in June, and read notes on the geographical distribution of the blue race of
this sex. Mr. Sich, a bunch of poplar twigs, in the leaves of which were the larvae
of three leaf miners, Gypsonoma aceriana, Phyllocnisfis sufusella, and Neptieula

237

trimaculeUa, and pointed out the characters of tlie mines with reference to the
various details of the different life-histories of the species. Mr. Main (1) a batch
of the very beautiful ova of Satyrus hriseis from Switzerland; and (2) on behalf
of Mr. Oldham, a fine bred <? example of Cosmotriche Rotatoria with ? colora-
tion. Mr. Rajward, pup^e of Polyommatus hellargus from Folkestone larvoo, and
gave a most interesting account of the interrelations of ants and the larvffi of this
species In the discussion Dr. Chapman said that he was on one occasion easily
able to find larv^ of Rusticus argus by the groups of ants attendant upon each
larva Dr. Chapman, (I) Ophiodes lunaris ; (2) P. corydon only 28 mm. in
expanse; (3) Colias edusa only 37 mm. in expanse; (4) Pseudophia {Ophiodes)
<»VrA.Ha, properly of a N.African group; (5) Marasmarrha fauna,^ rare Plume
close to M. pJi^odactylus, all from St. Maxime on the Mediterranean Coast of
France.- Ht. J. Turner, Bon. Secretary.

COLEOPTERA OCCURRINa IN THE NESTS OF MAMMALS
AND BIRDS.

BY NORMAN H. JOY, M.E C.S., F.E.S.
{Continued from page 202).

Bythinus securtger, Reich. -This is the first species of my
Class B. It occurs rarely by sweeping and in moss, dead leaves, &c.,
but I have taken it on several occasions here (about 60 specimens
altogether) in moles' nests made of sedge, and there were several
specimens in some nests kindly sent to me by a friend from Wells,
Norfolk. The S^ ^'^^ich is always looked upon as a great rarity, has
turned up twice. The enlarged last joint of the maxillary palpi
varies much in shape and length, and I thought at one time that the
extreme forms were two allied species, but I have now all the inter-
mediate forms.

Choleva morio, F., is not uncommon in sedgy and marshy places
generally, but I have found it in moles' nests on dry hill-sides, and it
is by far the commonest species of the genus that occurs in the nests.
Ptenidium evanescens. Marsh, is often found in large numbers
in the nests, many specimens being quite immature, but of course it
is a common species generally.

Epur^a iESTiYA, L , and E. melina, Er , I have taken in three
or four nests, and in two the larvse of the latter was present in num-
bers. These species also often occur in humble-bees' nests.

EuPLECTUs siGNATUS, Rcich., and Ephistemus globosus, Waltl,
are 1 think more than accidental visitors, as I have found them not

238 [October,

uncommonly ; and Nettraphes eubtcundus^ Schm., a birds' nest
species, I have as yet only taken twice in a moles' nest, one here and
one in the nests from Norfolk.

I do not think it necessary to more than enumerate the species
which are only accidental visitors to the nests. Tlomalota circellarls,
Gr., 'Fa^acfria sulcatula, Gr., IF. ohscurn, Gr., are so often found that
they perhaps ought to be included in Class B- The following species
have only occurred on a few occasions : — Aleocliara succicola, Th.,
Ilyohates nigricoUis, Pk., Homalota ravilla, Er., H. oblita, Er., B. exilis,
Er., Enceplialiis complicana, Westw., 3£ycetoporus lepidus-, Gr., Choleva
tristis, Pz. (immature), O. wntsoni, Spence, Neuraphes anguJatus,
Miill., Tychus niger, Pk., Eutliia scydmcenoides, Steph , Bryaxis jiin-
corum, Leach , and many other common species.

Other mammals' nests I have been able to find during" the year
have been comparatively few, the most interesting being that of the
squirrel's. This animal makes a large round nest of sticks, moss and
dead leaves, lined with shredded bark or hay, and places it high up in
a fir or other tree or in a tall hawthorn bash. I have taken three
" dreys " this year, none occupied by young ; in two I found large
numbers of TJomaJota corinria, Kr., in the other, which I think was
deserted as soon as built, two specimens of the same species. Mr. P.
Harwood tells me he once took a number of this Homalota in the
same situation. Canon Fowler records H coriaria as having been
taken " at the sap of felled trees, also in cut grass, moss, &c. ;" and
so probably it is not entirely confined to squirrels' nests, although it
is possible that its natural habitat is the nest of the squirrel and other
mammals, as the stoat, weasel, &c., but I think it would be a more
uncommon species in our collections were this the case. It certainly
breeds in the squirrels' "dreys," as I have it breeding out now from
one in a box.

I had one opportunity of examiniug the nest of a badger, but
unfortunately I had reason to believe it had only recently been con-
structed. It consisted of a great mass of sticks and dead leaves, and
was many feet from the mouth of the " earth." It contained 2 Tlefe-
rothops mcjra^ 1 Quediiis mesomeJinus, Marsh., 1 Sipnlia ruJicoUis, Er.,
and 1 Clioleva ivillcini, Spence. In the one rabbits' nest I have been
able to find I took 2 Heterothops nigra, I Aleocliara succicola, Th., and
3 Tacliinus siihterraneus, L. The only other mammal's nest I have
taken this year is a shrew's. It was with this species I had hoped to
find Quedius longicornis, Kr , but the nest only produced many Pte-
nidium evanescens.

1906.J 239

COLEOPTERA FEOM THE NeSTS OF BlEDS.

1 might have worded this '' Coleuptera from the nests of birds
that build iu holes in trees," as every collector knows how few beetles
are to be found in nests in hedges, and on the ground, &c., and that
these are generally common species. By far the commonest birds
nesting in holes in trees are the starling and four species of tit
(Fanes). The former builds its nest of hay, straw and a few feathers,
and every hole of a convenient size will generally be found occupied.
It very often turns out the woodpecker from its hole, and is itself
expelled or succeeded by the great bat (^Vespp-rugo noctula). These
nests are generally much the most attractive to beetles, as bats allow
their droppings to fall into them. Young starlings too occasionally
foul their nests badly, as some fortunately did which were brought up
in a nesting box I put up in my garden. JSot uncommonly starlings
and often sparrows build in holes in old dead trees, or behind bark,
etc. ; these nests are generally too dry for beetles, but contain great
numbers of fleas.

Tits' nests, consisting mostly of moss, hair and wool, are far
cleaner, as the tit, besides being more particular that its nesting hole
is dry, takes care that it is thorougly cleared of rubbish before start-
ing to build ; whereas, several years' accumulation of rotting straw
may be found in a starling's nesting hole. Microglossa pulla and
Choleva fumata are the only two " birds' nest " beetles I have taken
in them. Jackdaws build in large hollow branches or trees, but the
nest, containing a certain amount of dry mud, is nearly always too
dry and dusty for beetles, and sometimes even for fleas, which are
no doubt inconvenienced or killed by the very fine dust getting into
their spiracles. This is a confirmation of the general belief that
birds "dust" themselves to get rid of lice and fleas. Owls sometimes
occupy an old jackdaw's nest, but more often select a hollow tree,
where, although no nest is made, large numbers of their "pellets "
accumulate yetir after year. The stock-dove makes its nest of a few
sticks in any hole it can find unoccupied by a jackdaw or owl, often
in one of their deserted nests, and it is difficult when looking for
beetles in the autumn to say w^hich bird has last occupied a given site.

This year I have examined many starlings' and tits' nests from
Berkshire, sixteen of the former containing beetles of interest ; also
several jackdaws' and stock doves' and five owls' nests. Mr. Chitty
has kindly given me some notes ou seven starlings' nests which con-
tained beetles from Kent, three of which he has examined on more

240 [October, v

than one occasion. His results are almost exactly the same as minej
except that he has failed to take Quedius brevicornis, Th., but ha
added XantJiolinus glaher, Nordm.,to the list of birds' nest species.

I shall now enumerate the species of Coleoptera I have taken ii
these nests, dividing them as in the case of the mammals' nest beetlei
into three Classes, although it will not be necessary to mention th(
accidental visitors, and Classes A and B are far more difficult t(
difEerentiate.

MiCROGLOSSA PULLA., Gjll. — This species 1 discovered last yea
is specially attached to the nests of tits, flycatchers, &c., and this yea
I have been able to trace its life-history, at any rate in pari. I hav'
taken it also on several occasions in the fresh nest of the starling
The beetle enters the nest as so ni as the bird begins to build, abou
the middle of April, and when the full clutch of eggs is laid, abou
three weeks later, as many as thirty or more specimens may often b
found in a single nest. It is in fact quite a common species, a
I have only once failed to find it in the nest of a tit, a bird familia
enough in any wooded district. I have not succeeded in finding tlj'
beetles pairing, but no doubt the eggs are laid soon after the nest
entered, for when it is examined immediately after the young hr
flown a large number of fully grown larvae may be shaken out of
this would be about a month after the last bird's egg is laid. Shorts
after this the larvse congregate into a suitable spot (under the lid (
a nesting box in one case, and at the very bottom of a nest in another)
and there spin small whitish cocoons packed together in the sam
plane. The insect remains in the pupal stage for about sixtee. iayj
and then, when properly mature, eats its way out of its cocoon
immediate!}' leaves the nest. It is hard to guess what is the hist
of the imago after this. Certainly it is found not very rarely
carrion, &c., and there may be a second brood produced in such sii?
tious ; but I am inclined to think that this is not the case, but tl
the beetles hibernate till the following spring.

MiCROGLOSSA MARGiNALis, Gyll., has evidently a different li
history from the last, only haunting the nest of the starling, and ne\
entering a perfectly fresh one ; as will be seen in the history of
starling's nest given below it did not enter the nest until some t\\
after the young had flown. In old starlings' nests it is not rare ;
have taken it on at least nine occasions here and once in a nest fro
near Uugby. Mr. Chitty records it from five of his nests, as mar
as 69 occurring at one time.

'\

1906

Ent. Monthly Mag. 1906. Plate 3.

•■■?

^

'K

^

^x.u

m

r

-. ■)

12

E.C.Kmglit del.etlith.

MELANISM IN HASTULA HYERANA

Wesb.Newmau clipomo.

November, 1906.] 241

MrcHOOLOSSA NTDTCOLA, Fairui., has long been known as an
inhabitant of sand martins' nests. Its life history is probably
intermediate between the last two, as it may be found in quite fresh
nests, and in nests out of which [the young have flown for some time.
They art> now (Sept.) still in the nests, and may remain there the
whole winter. It is much less commonly found out of its natural
hahitat than M. pulla, but it is undoubtedly a more local species.

MiCHOGLOSSA GENTiLis, Mark. — This is the characteristic beetle
of the owls' nest, where it may be found at any time of the year, and
I have twice taken single specimens in starlings' nests. Although
it has before been taken in owls' nests it is better known as the
occasional inhabitant of the nest of Lasius fuliginosiis. Hister
merdarius and MicrogJossa pulla have also the double habitat ; in the
case of the last two there can be little doubt that the chief host is a
bird, and I think it is also with M. gentilis. However, it is a curious
fact that M gentilis has the habit, like a Myrmedonia, of curling
itself into the shape of an S and lying " possum " for a long time, and
it is fairly commonly found in the ants' nest. M. pulla has also
this habit, but it is not so pronounced, and it is a more irregular
visitor to the ants' nests. M. marginalis will often lie quiet for some
time with a slightly upturned apex of the hind body; it has not
been recorded from the nests of L. fuliginosus in this country, but
Kraatz says it is associated in France with Formica cunicularia.
M. nidicola seems always to run away when disturbed, and I do not
think it has ever been recorded from an ant's nest. The different
effect boiling water has on these species is most striking. It is
almost impossible to set M. gentilis after killing it by this means,
its hind body is so stifly curled up. M. pulla also sets badly, but not
so badly ; M. marginalis sometimes has a slight turn up of the end of
the body which is easily corrected ; M. nidicola seems to have no
such tendency.

QuEDius BREVicoENis, Th., which I referred to when describing
Q. vexans, is very rarely found outside a bird's nest, yet 1 have taken
it on twelve occasions this year in old nests. As is the case with
Q. vexans one never finds many in one nest ; there is only -room for a
limited number of such a large pugnacious and predaceous species.

Philonthus fuscus, Gr. — Although this species does occur
rarely at Cossus infested trees, and under damp bark, where I have
also found its larva, its chief habitat is old nests (starlings and owls) ;

X

242 [November,

indeed, it is one of the commonest of the birds' nest species, sometimes
being seen in numbers, accompanied by its larva.

Gholeva colokotdes, Kr., is another very characteristic old
bird's nest species It used to be regarded as one of the rarest
British clavicorns, yet it is in fact probably quite a common species.
I have taken it myself on about eleven occasions this year, over 46
specimens from a small damp sparrow's nest, a^nd once, in any
quantity, among the debris in an owl's roosting place in a hollow oak ;
and Mr. Chitty has taken it in five of his nests.

Neurapkes rubicundus, Schaum., I have twice before recorded
from old birds' nests, but have only once taken it this year in such a
situation. I think though that it is a late autumn species.

EuPLECTus TOMLiNi, Joy, is probably peculiar to birds' nests, but
it has at present only occurred on one occasion.

HiSTER MERDARius, Hoffm., is often taken in very damp and foul
nests, but may be found in any old nest. Mr. F. B. Jennings records
in the Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxxviii, p. 268, the capture of nearly 60
specimens of this species (in com,pany with Trox scaher, L., another
common bird's nest species) in a heap of decaying vegetable matter
and gas lime. The lime in this case probably made the rubbish heap
somewhat resemble an old nest soiled by the droppings of young birds.
This species was also taken in the old sack-heap in Sheppey, although
it is not mentioned by Commander Walker in Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xli,
p. 234. These are of course quite artificial habitats, and probably the
beetle only accidentally visits carrion, &c.

The GrNATHONCUS which I have taken on several occasions in
birds' nests differs from specimens of G. rotundatus taken in carrion,
and is undoubtedly a species peculiar to the nests ; I have not,
however, had time yet to hunt up the lengthy synonymy of G. rotun-
datus to see if it has already been described.

The following species I regard as belonging to class B : —
Dendrophilus punctatus, Hbst., is found in almost any old nest, even if
it is quite dry. Trox scaler, L., is also very commonly met with.
Romalota nigricornis, Th., is always present if the nest is at all damp,
and often in great numbers. The following species have also been
taken on several occasions: — Aleochara succicola, Th. ; Microglossa
suturalis, Sahib, (only single specimens) ; Romalota fungivora, Th. ;
R. soror, Ku, (Bradfield and ? Huntiugfield) ; Quedius ventralis,

1906.] 24S

Ahr. (generally in very damp nests) ; Q. mesomelinus, Marsh. ;
Xantholinus fjlaher^^ovAm. (four specimens in two nests, Hunting-
field) ; Ilapalarcea pygmcea, Pk.

I liave mentioned above a nesting box I put up in my garden to attract
starlings. In spite of some repetition I think it will be of interest to give my notes
on the contents of tliis nest, as it is probably very much the history of any starling's
nest in this neighbourhood. Before nailing up the box I put in it a small amount
of wood dehrin to make the conditions more resemble nature, and to help to keep
the nest damp. I did not look at the box until the young birds had flown, and the
first examination was on June 13th. My notes read : —

13/6/06.— Young birds just flown. Nest rery dirty and damp. 1 Philonthus
fuscus, several Microglossa pulla, Gnathoncus rotundatus, Hister merdarius

Momalota nigricornis.
^Ij^jOQ. — Took another Philonthus fuscus.
29/6/06. — No Microglossa pulla now present.
7/7/06. — 1 P. fuscus, 1 Quedius hrevicornis, 1 Choleva colonoides, 3 Microglossa

pulla (two immature) ; many cocoons of the last species at the bottom of the

nest all containing imagines. Damped nest and put in wood dust and swallows'

droppings (the damping of the nest was quite necessary ; a nest in a hollow

tree does not dry up so easily. The swallows' droppings would correspond to

bats' if bats had succeeded the starlings).
11/7/06.— Very many M. pulla.
1517106. — Very few 31. pulla. Contents now strongly amraoniacal, probably from

the addition of the swallows' droppings. Also present Homalota nigricornis,

and several small larvae of P. fuscus.
26/7/06.— 2 Microglossa marginalis, many larvae of P. fuscus, no M. pulla. Damped

nest again.
24/8/06. — Several P. fuscus and very few H. nigricornis.
7/9/06 — A few P. fuscus and many H. nigricornis.

I unfortunately took Quedius hrevicornis and one or two other species when
found ; it would have been better to have left everything.

Bradfield, near Reading :
Sept. 9th, 1906.

PROGRESSIVE 3IELANISM .-
FURTHER NOTES ON HASTULA HYERANA, Mill.

BY T. A, CHAPMAN, M.D.

Plate III.
In the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine for 1905 I gave some
details of the habits and life history of Rastula hyerana, and reported
the appearance of a melanic form at Hyeres that had not previously

X 2

244 [November,

been observed there, the results of a visit to Hyeres in 1904. In 1905
I obtained the species also from several Italian localities, and bred it
from the egg from Hyeres specimens. The notes for that season
appear in the Ent. Trans, for 1906, part IT. In presenting here my
experiences of the species for 1906, I pro])ose first to give a precis of
the notes in the Ent. Trans., so as to make the record in the
Ent. Mo. Mag. more continuous, and this I am more glad to do as I
Have obtained the permission of the Entomological Society to re-
produce here the plate of the imagines from their Transactions, the
plate in Ent. Mo. Mag. for 1905 being by no means satisfactory.

The chief point in the 1905 observations was to show that H.
hyerana had a special facies in each of the localities in w^hich I had
found it, and that the melanic phase so prominent amongst my first
series of specimens from Hyeres was no accidental result of my treat-
ment of the larva or pupa, but characterised the race as now existent
at that locality. A result of great interest, as there is no doubt that
fifty years ago no melnnic specimens occurred there. Since I first
called attention (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1888, p. 40) to the fact that melanism
in Lepidoptera is in a large proportion of instances a case of protective
coloration, a view^ now% 1 think, accepted almost as a truism, and
suggested that the dark objects to which melanic races assimilated
were often dark, because frequently wet, and constantly more or less
damp, and in certain districts owing to deposited carbon, a great deal
of interest has arisen in regard to "progressive melanism." The case
of H. hyerana is of importance as an instance of progressive melanism,
where the explanation applicable to so many other instances, viz., the
increasing extent of " black country," is clearly inapplicable, and is
the more interesting and deserves more research, because, so far, no
at all plausible explanation is supported by any definite evidence. It
seems, therefore, to be desirable that all available facts should be
recorded in hope of some of them being found to point to a satis-
factory solution.

In 1905 I found H. hyerana2id larv at Taormina, Sicily. At this
station the plants are much less vigorous and succulent than at
Hyeres, though abundant enough in several localities. Probably
owing to this circumstance the larvae there are almost always only
one to a plant, and succeed very w^ell in hiding themselves amongst
the central leaves, quite unlike the conspicuous result of their more
or less gregarious life at Hyeres. They were also found to affect
other food plants, especially Phlomis fruticosus, which was almost an
alternative food plant. They were also found in Teucrium f rut leans,

1P06.

245

Cytisus {spinosiis ?) , a Gnaphalium-Wke plant, and a common thistle,
as well as on a Scilla, and two larvae even on Euphorbia. Though the
predaceous fly \iirvii Xanthandriis comfus existed, it did not attack the
larva of //. hyercma, but, on the other hand, they were attacked by a
Tachinid and by at least three Hymenopterous parasites. T found
also a few larv^ at Capri with habits very similar to those at
Taormina.

The Capri larva) all produced very pale moths with nearly white
hind-wings (var. pallens, plate 3, figs. 1 and 2).

The Taormina imagines were large, very nearly the same as the
type from Hyeres, but, in the mass, rather lighter in tint and with a
few specimens approaching yar. pallens (plate 3, figs. 3 and 4). They
afforded a good many varieties, not only in extension of the discal
spot, var. alpha, Mill, (plate 3, fig. 9), but also in dark shading
scattered in small patches over the wings (ab. nigropunctata, pi. 3,
figs. 7, 8, 10). None of these in any way suggested the var.
marginata, Wlsm., of which no trace occurred in any specimen. As
all these emerged at Reigate, they afforded a certain presumption
that rearing in England could not be the cause of Hyeres specimens
showing the marginata form. However, to make more certain on this
point Mr. Powell sent me ten cocoons from Hyeres, keeping ten him-
self. Unfortunately the escape of his larvae prevented the number
being larger. The result, however, was that there happened to be
four specimens of var. marginata amongst the ten kept at Hyeres,
whilst the ten sent to Reigate only afforded two examples of the

dark form.

The Sicilian specimens were, therefore, very near to R. hyerana,
as it was found by Milliere fifty years ago at Hyeres. The effect of
climate would seem to be eliminated by the circumstance that the
Capri race is so much lighter than the Sicilian, though so much
further north, and therefore nearer Hyeres conditions.
j The specimens raised from eggs obtained from a pairing of a

'' dark and light Hyeres moth were more intermediate between marginata
and hyerana than the first generation, and led me to note that
marginata is especially characterised by a dark line down the fringe
of the anterior wing, and that this line occurs in specimens I had
accepted as being hyerana simply. These are then in reality inter-
mediates. They formed thirty per cent, of pale Hyeres specimens
(1904), twelve per cent, of those of 1905, and twenty-eight per cent,
of those bred from eggs. Four of the best streaked of these are
figured (pi. 3, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14).

246 [November,

The period of emergence was very prolonged, sixty per cent,
came out in September and October, a few in August, but tbe rest
in gradually decreasing numbers stretched out over November,
December, January and February, one emerging in March and two
in April this year, these were the Taorniina specimens, this year
(1906), one actually emerged on June 4th after spinning up in
April, the only instance of anything like so short a period I have
met with, so that it is probably the case that the moth may appear
at any time of the year.

A third generation raised from the egg at Reigate had as
parentage two dark marginata moths, these were nearly all dark,
but a pale {Jiyerana type) one occurred amongst them. This brood
were all fine large moths, although the brood their parents belonged
to (from a pale and dark moth) were small and starveling. In both
cases the result no doubt of feeding (ill or well) and not of any
degeneracy or otherwise of the stock.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IIL

All Figures enlarged 1^ times.

Figs. 1, 2. Hastula hyerana, var. pallens (Capri race).

„ 3, 4. „ ,, type (Taormina race, similar to the Hyeres race

of 50 years ago).
„ 5, 6. „ „ var. marginata, Wlsm. (forms with type the

present Hyeres race).
„ 7, 8. ,, ,, ab. nigropunctata (Taormina).

„ 9. „ „ ab. alpha, Mill. (Taormina).

„ 10. ,, „ approaching nigropunctata (Taormina).

„ 11. „ ,, ab. marginata (Hyeres).

„ 12, 13, 14. ,, „ ab. marginata (Hyeres, bred from ova at

Eeigate).

(To be continuedj.

HELP-NOTES TOWARDS THE DETERMINATION OF BRITISH
TENTHREDINID^E, &c. (16).

BY THE llEV. F. D. MORICE, M.A., F.E.S.

NEMA TIDES{continued)=PRISTIPHORA, Latr., L YGMONEMA TUS, Knw.

Pristiphora, Latr.

This genus may generally be recognised at a glance by its lacking
the usual strong sculpture {area pentagona, &c) of a Nematid's
" frons " : the ocelli are set in the middle of a nearly flat-looking area.
Of course it is really a little convex ; but shnply so, without definite

1906.] 247

sulci or carinae. The ? saw-sheath also (viewed from above) is very
characteristic. This is wide, and consists — or at least gives that
impression — of two somewhat "dehiscent" lobes, each armed
apically with a brush of longish bristles— easily distinguishable from
anything to be seen in the other normal Nematids. The complete
or partial obliteration of the first cubital nervure (though often
supposed to be the chief distinguishing mark of a Prist iphora) is not
really a character of great importance. It appears also regularly in
some species of LygcBoneinatus, and is not universal in Pristiphora,
This particular nervure is quite commonly pale or altogether obsolete
in particular species of several genera (i.e., PoeciJosoma) as well as
exceptionally in individual specimens of saw-flies belonging to almost
any species of any genus.

All the eleven species of Pristiphora which J am able to tabulate,
except conjugata^ are known to me from British specimens in my
own collection. Of that 1 have only one specimen, a foreigner ; but
it is recorded bv Mr. Cameron from Glasgow, and his description
satisfies me that he has identified the insect correctly. Eight of the
above species appear in the Monograph under the names by which,
following Konow, I have called them. Another (pallipes) is Mr.
Cameron's appendiculafus. Two (melanocarpa and viridana) I cannot
identify for certain with any spec'es in the Monograph, though the
former {=■ puncficeps, Zadd., nee Thomson) is perhaps Mr. Cameron's
puncticeps. >ubhifida for some reason is treated in vol. iv of the
Monograph as not a Pristiphora but a Pachynematus : the descrip-
tion, however, in vol. ii clearly indicates the present genus. In vol. iv
we get a list of fifteen British Pristiphora spp. But of these Konow
considers fletcheri and nigricollis to be synonyms of crassicornis, and
refers ohlongus^ C, to Lygceonematus (probably also fmierulus and
laricivorus). As to ahhreviatus, C, I can offer no suggestion, and
naturally cannot " place " it in my Tables.

SYNOPTIC TABLE OF BRITISH PRISTIPHORA, spp.

1. Ventral surface of abdomen black 2.

— Ventral surface of abdomen largely pale or testaceous 6.

2. Antennae entirely black 3.

— Antennae more or less pale or rufescent, at least beneath 4.

3. Hind femora black melanocarpa, Htg.

— Hind femora (as are the legs altogether) yellow .fulvipes, Fall.

4. Wings slightly (often hardly appreciably) clouded below the stigma. S antennae

red, thick, much compressed, ? with hind femora and tarsi generally quite
black, or nearly so. Body black, legs black and white. Extremely like
the two following species, but as a rule rather larger and darker...

crassicornis, Htg.

248 [November,

— Wings clear. ^ antennse not very tliick nor much compressed, or else only red

beneatli. ? hind femora and tarsi generally with a good deal of white, but
in this respect they vary 5.

5. (? antennae red, not very thick nor much compressed. ? hind femora generally

with the apical half black, hind tibiae blackish at apex ruficornis, 01.

— c? antennae only red beneath, thick and compressed. 9 hind femora generally

with at least the apical half white, sometimes without black markings at all,

hind tibiae generally scarcely black at all at apex pallipes, Lep.

(appendiculatus, C).

6. Abdomen above black except the apical segment, which, together with most of the

ventral surface is ochreous (green in life). Mouth, clypeus, pronotum, tegulae
and legs (including the whole of the hind femora) pale viridana, Knw.

— Abdomen, above and below, largely or entirely bright red or orange ; if marked

above with black, the black is moi'e or less interrupted and may be reduced
to spots or sti'eaks. Hind femora sometimes black at ayjex 7.

7. Hind femora black at apex 8.

— Hind femora entirely pale at apex 9.

8. Abdomen above red in centre with the base and apex black quercus, Htg.

— Abdomen above very variable in colour, the middle segments may be red, or

more or less streaked basally with black, but the apex is always red...

paUidivenfris, Fall.

9. Mesopleurae black, abdomen testaceous (rather large bright-looking species.

Length may reach 7i mm.) betnlx, Retz.

— Mesopleurae pale 10.

10. Smaller (6 mm. long or less). Abdomen testaceous above, black only at base,

short. Claws with subapical tooth unusually large, looking almost bifid
(whence the name of the species). ? saw-sheath comparatively narrow.
Costa and stigma'dark brown auhhifida, Thorns.

— Larger (inay reach 8 mm. long). Abdomen more or less distinctly streaked

or at least spotted with black after the base, elongate. 9 saw-sheath
thick. Costa and stigma yellowish, the latter with an infuscated base...

conjugata, Dhb.

Notes on some of the above Species.
Crassicornis, ruficornis, pallipes.— Them three species are ex-
ceedingly close allies ; and though I have done my best to distinguish
them by definite characters, I can find none which are absolutely
reliable, except those of the antennse in the ^ (^ , and even these are
often hard to be sure about in particular specimens. The coloration
of the $ hind femora varies in all the species, but on the whole there
is certainly most black in normal crassicornis, less in ruficornis, and
least in pallipes. An example with perfectly black hind femora may
be referred pretty certainly to crassicornis, and one in which they
show no black at all to pallipes.

i9or,]. 249

Viridana is, I believe, distinct from any recorded British species.
I took a ? at Lyndhurst, Hants, on May 28th, 1902, which was
determined for me by Herr Konow.

Quercus differs from all other species in the distinctly red-banded
abdomen, which is a very unusual type of coloration among the
Nematids. I have only once taken it ; near Sunningdale on June (jth,
1903.

Suhhifida. — I have followed Konow in distinguishing this species
from hetidcB by the yellow mesopleurae and Thomson in the original
description gives this character, I have, however, certain British
specimens with hlach mesopleurae, which seem too small for hetults,
and in general appearance and form of claws quite agree with typical
suhhifida. It is possible that these. are a distinct species, but I think
it best at present to treat them as an aberration of suhhifida.

Sefulcd. — ^ojww gives hrevicornis, C, as a synomym of this
species. This refers, I presume, to the insect described in Mon.,
vol. ii, p. 80, as parvicornis = hrevicornis, Thoms. Mr. Cameron,
however, gives his species in vol. iv as a LygcBonematus.

Ohlongus, C — According to Konow the ? of this is Lygceonematus
laricis, but the ^ (probably) hiscalis.

LYGiEONEMATUS, Knw.

The genus Lygcdonematus, Knw., brings us to the end of the
Nematides. It consists almost entirely of small or medium-sized,
sombre-looking insects, often entirely without bright colouring, and
with hardly an exception black above or practically so. Mr. Cameron
in vol. iv enumerates thirteen British species, whereas I can only
muster nine, of which six only appear to be described in the
Monograph. But of Mr. Cameron's species a good many are sunk
by Konow as synonyms, and one, at least, referred to a different
genus. Thus, according to Konow,

erichsoni (Htg.), C, is a Holcocneme.

leucopodius and pladdus (C.) = leucopodius, Htg.

anibiguus, fraternus, and furvescens (C.) = amhiguus, Fall.

lativentris ? and scoticus (C.) = biscalis, Forst.

mollis, hreadalhanensis, whitei, and astntus (C.) = mollis, Htg.

The three species in my list which do not seem to occur in the
Monograph are pini, of which I have a ^ taken by Dr. Capron ;
saxeseni, of which a pair now lie before me taken by Mr. Atmore at
King's Lynn, and communicated to me by Mr. T. E. Malloch, of

250 [November,

Bonhill, Dumbartonshire (these have just been determiued by Konow
as saxeseni, Htg.) ; and \di^i\j pcedidus, Knw. (taken by myself while
visiting; Mr. Cliitty at Huntingfield, near Faver.-^ham, and recorded in
a previous number of the Ent. Mo. Mag.) Another species (Jaricis),
of which I have a good many British specimens, does not seem to
appear as a Lygceonemaius in the Monograph. But Konow refers to
it the ohlongus (?) and funerulus of that work, whicb, however, are
both classed in vol. iv under Pristipliora.

Even with the help of Konow's very recent and complete Revision
of his genus, T have found it very difficult to get satisfactory characters
on which to base the Table which follows. And I ought to say that
in the case of two species {pini and amliguus) I am acquainted only
with the ^ ^, and have only been able to tabulate the ? $ by
picking out from Konow's descriptions such characters as it seemed
to me likely that my readers would be able io make practical use of
in determinations.

Certain species of Lygceonemaius (among them the most brightly
coloured) are distinguished from the rest by a peculiar truncation of
the ? saw-sheath (in the lateral view) and also by a difference in the
sculpture of the last ^ ventral segment. These seem to be generally
(or always ?) attached to conifers. The characters are striking, but
difficult to describe briefly ; and I have therefore made less use of
them in my Tables than would have been desirable if I had aimed at
scientific completeness. In Konow's work the main division of the
genus is based upon them.

SYNOPTIC TABLE OF BRITISH LYG^ONEMATUS, spp.

1. Abdomen beneath (and usually also the breast) light yellow, praeticallly

throughout 2.

— Abdomen beneath (and breast) quite black, or the former black with the apical

segments (entirely or partly) fulvous i.

2. Larger (6-8 mm. long), vertical area only twice as broad as long. Abdomen above

testaceous at the sides with only a black central vitta. ? abdomen evidently
(but not abruptly) con^pressed towards its apex saxeseni, Htg.

— Smaller. Vertical area thrice as broad as long. Abdomen above black entirely

(from side to side) 3.

3. Antennae longer than abdomen. Frontal area distinct. S with large sub-

semicircular central impression occupying the whole length of the eighth
dorsal segment (long. 5^-6^ mm.) pini, Retz.

— Antennae as long as abdomen. Frontal area scarcely defined. <? with two very

short sub-parallel impressions at apex of eighth dorsal segment. Saw-sheath of
? (as seen from above) very long, thick, and parallel-sided, with a rounded
apex (5-6 mm. long) amhiguiis, Fall.

1906.] ^53

4. Abdomen beneath more or less fulvescent 5.

— Abdomen beneath entirely black 6.

5. The (J is unknown. The $ witli apical ventral segments entirely fulvous...

paedidus, Knw.

— (? with apical ventral segments fulvous (dark orange). ? with the bases of the

apical ventral segments black, their apices narrowly orange-fulvous...

hiscalis, Forst.

6. Mesopleurge somewhat dull, closely punctured (one of the larger species.

6-8 mm. long) mollis, Htg.

— Mesopleurse without distinct puneturation, more or less shining 7.

7. Stigma blackish-brown. (Very distinct by its remarkably long and much com-

pressed antennae, with joints sharply produced at their apices, and in the ^
emarginate beneath) compressicornis, F.

— Stigma pale (yellow or white) 8.

8. Legs, tegulae, stigma (at least at its apex, the base being dusky) and last ?

dorsal segment white ; hind femora splashed with black above before their
apices, apices of tibiae narrowly and tarsi blackish. Central impression on
eighth (J dorsal segment with a rounded base (so that it is more or less
semi-circular, not triangular !). Saw-sheath of ? (seen from above) pro-
jecting, dilated and emarginate at apex leucopodius, Htg.

— Legs, tegulae and (unicolorous) stigma distinctly flavescent. Last ? dorsal seg-

ment only partly and obscurely pale. Central impression on eighth ^ dorsal
segment triangular. The saw-sheath of ? is scarcely visible from above,
being short and concealed under the apical segment, but it seems to me
neither dilated nor emarginate laricis, Htg.

fTo be continued).

SOME REMARKS ON OTTO FREDERIK MULLER'S DESCRIPTIONS

OF THE DANISH ODONATA,

WITH CERTAIN CORRECTIONS AS TO SYNONYMY.

BY ESBBN PETERSEN.

In the year 1764 0. F. Miiller published his work " Fauna
Insectorum Fridrichsdalina," in which he named and described all
the insects (858 species) he had found in the neighbourhood of
Frederiksdal in North Sealand. This was the first list of insects
from any definite region published in Denmark. In 1767 (although
dated 1763) was published his " Enumeratio ac Descriptio Libellu-
larum agri Fridrichsdalensis " in " Nova Acta Physico - Mediea
Academife Csssareae Leopoldino-Carolinse Naturae Curiosorum," in
which he described the Odonnta found in the Frederiksdal district.
In the year 1776 he published his " Zoologiae Danicse Prodromus," in

P52 [November,

which he gave a short diagnosis of all the then known animals and
insects in the Kingdom of Denmark.

It would be supposed that notice would be taken of such excel-
lent Zoological and Entomo'ogical works ; but that has not, unfor-
tunately, been the case, especially with reference to the Odonata,
which have only been from time to time casually mentioned. This
may be accounted for, perhaps, on account of the period in which he
lived being contemporary with Linne, and thereby being set in the
shade by the greater Naturalist.

The first, in any case with regard to the Odonata, to draw atten-
tion to his work was Dr. [-1. Hagen in '' Synonymia Libellularum
Europaearum, Regiom., 1840," and later in " Om V. F. Miiller's
Arbejder over Danmarks Odonater'' (Nat. Tidschrift, III R. IB,
1861). Unfortunately Dr. Hagen wanted that help that a complete
collection of the Danish Odonata could yield. There was in his time
no collection or catalogue of the Danish Odonata that could assist
in any way, and Dr. Hagen therefore was unable to settle the
identity of all Miiller's species. I will not occupy unnecessary
space with remarks on those species that have been accepted, namely:
Libellula fulva^ Sympetrum sanguineum, u^schna pratensis, jE. cyanea^
and ^. isosceles, \i\xi I will endeavour to continue, on the same lines as
Dr. Hagen, to bring forward some of Miiller's names into the place
that they should occupy.

As Dr. Hagen supposed, and of which there is not the slightest
doubt, Miiller had Sympety-um striolatum, Charp., before him w^hen he
described his Libellula variegata (Enum., No. IG; Fn. Fridr., No. 518;
Prodr., No. 1633).

His description is as follows : L. variegata alis hyalinis puncto
marginali ferrugineo ; abdomine flavo rubeoque variegate.

Descr. Praecedenti similis (Z. san guinea), sed major, differt
puncto marginali flavorubenti, pedibusque superne luteis. Nee
varietas. Abdomen in fcBmina crassus flaviusque est.

There can be no doubt that it is a species of the genus
Sympetrum, and as Miiller knew all the other members of this genus
that are found in Denmark, and as the species is still found in the
Frederiksdal district, there can be no longer a question as to its
identity. I propose therefore that Miiller's name takes priority, as
an Indian species of another genus has the same specific name {Bhyo-
themis variegata, Joh.).

Leucorrhinia duhia, Lind., is described by Miiller under the name

iyo(5.] 253

Lih. par villa (Prodr., No. 1637). LiheUula pay^vula nigra, iiiaculis
luteis ; abdomen subcylindrico. Inter minores ; variat alis basi
nigricantibus et immaculatis.

His description is by no means full, but it must be taken into
consideration that he knew all the species of Sympetrum and also
Leuc. rublcunda, L., and Leuc. pectoralis, Cbarp. This last named
species is referred by him as a variety of Leuc. riihicunda, but has
received no name from him. Leuc. duhia is far from rare in the
Erederiksdal district, so that there can be no doubt that Miiller knew
and had the species when he described his L. parvuJa. I therefore
propose that Miiller's name shall take the place of Lindemann's.
Dr. Hagen also remarks (Nat. Tidschrift, III E. IB.) that Leuc. duhia
is the only species known to him that could lit Miiller's description.

Leucorrhinia caudalis, Charp., was without doubt known to
Miiller, and described by him under the name Lib. triedra (Enum.,
No. 19, Fn. Fr., No. 545, Prodr., No. 1630). Miiller's description is
as follows : Lih. triedra alis omnibus basi flavis puncto raarginali
nigro, abdomine triangulari.

y8 Libellula alis posticis basi flavis ; abdomine triangulari.

y Libellula alis nullis basi flavis abdomine triangulari.

In Miiller's private copy of " Fauna Fridrichsdalina " is added
the following in his own handwriting : —

Alis nullis basi luteis, puncto marginali ferruginea, and: Alis
omnibus basi luteis, puncto marginali albido.

Leuc. caudalis, Charp., is the only European species that possesses
all these characters, and as the species is still found in the district,
I propose that Miiller's name takes priority.

There has, however, been some doubt as to JEschna squamata,
Miill. (Enum., No. 22, Fn. Fr., No 546, Prodr., No. 1361). Dr. Hagen
remarks (Nat. Tidschrift, III R. IB) that Miiller's species is either
u¥j. mixta, Latr., or else ^. ccerulea, Strom., and in this he is un-
doubtedly right. Kirby (^^yn. Cat. of Neur. Odon., p. 87) gives it
in place of ^. coerulea, and it must be remarked that the description
fits M. ccerulea better than ^. mixta, but ^ ccerulea has not been
found, and probably never will be found, in Denmark; and again,
^. ccerulea is on the wing in July and August,* whilst Miiller states
in his description of JBl. squamata " Medio Septembris." Taken into
consideration that Miiller knew all the Danish species of JEschna.,

* In Scotland >E. ccerulea is well on the wing in early June. ^. mixta is essentially a
September insect. -G. T. P.

254 [November,

with the exception of ^. viridis, Eversm., and M mixta, Latr., and
this last named is not rare in the district and is on the wing during
September, it is not probable that Miiller has overlooked it, but on
the contrary has had the species before him when he described
AS. squamata, which name I propose instead of Latreille's.

There are a few other species in Miiller's work, but of these
I can at present say nothing definite, but as evidence of the extent
of Miiller's knowledge of the Danish Odonata I append a list of the
species of LlbellnJidernes and ^•ichnidernes groups that he has
mentioned in his papers and which w'e have been able to recognise.

Libellula quadrimaculata, L. Fauna Fr., No. 531.
fulva, Miill. Fa. Fr., Nos. 544, 549.
„ depressa, L. Fa. Fr., No. 535.

Orthetrum cancellafum, L = Lib. frumenti. Fa. Fr., No. 551.
Leucorrhinia parvula, Miill. Prodr., No. 1637= L. duhia, Lind.

„ pectoralis, Charp. == L. ruhicunda var. b. Fa. Fr., No. 534.

„ ruhicunda, L. Fa. Fr., No. 534.

„ triedra, Miill. Fa. Fr., No. 545 = L. caudalis, Charp.

Sympetrum flaveolum, L. = Lib. frumenti. Fa. Fr., No. 551.

„ variegatum, Miill. Fa. Fr., No. 548 ^ L. slriolatum, Charp.

„ vulgatum, L. Fa. Fr., No. 533.

„ sanguineum, Miill. Fa, Fr., No. 547.

„ scoticum, Donov. = L. cancellatum. Fa. Fr , No. 537.

Cordulia asnea, L. Fa. Fr., No. 538.
Oomphus vulgatissitnus, L. Fa. Fr., No. 536.
^schna pratensis, Miill. Fa. Fr., Nos. 542 and 543.
„ cyanea, Miill. Fa. Fr., No. 549.

„ juncea, L. = L. quadrifasciata, var. d. Fa. Fr., No. 540 e.
„ squamata, Miill. Fa. Fr., No. 546 = ^. mixta, Latr.
,, grandis, L. = L. quadrifasciata. Fa. Fr., No. 540.
„ isosceles, Miill. Fa. Fr., No. 540 /8 = ^. rufescens, Lind.

To the 21 species named above there have since been added the
following 7 : —

Orthetrum coerulescens. Fab., collected twice.
Epitheca himaculata, Charp., once in Sealand.
Somatochlora metallica, Lind., not common.

„ Jlavomaculata, Lind., rare.

Ophiogomphus serpentinus, Charp., collected three times.
Cordulegaster annulatus, Latr., once in Sealand, several times in Jutland.
JSschna viridis, Eversm., rare,

Silkeborg, Denmark :

August, 1906.

1906.] 255

Note on Af.holuji (lli.<tfer) duodeclnistriatm, Schrk., 1781, and quatuordecim-
striatus, Oyll, 18f)6. — I think that these two names represent two species,
although this is not generally admitted, as the second name appeal's as a synonym
in all the more I'ecent catalogues. Stephens, in his Manual, 1839, p 149, recognised
them as distinct, and pointed out several distinguishing characters, and he stated
that both species occurred in the " London district." I have some specimens from
Moldavia which T think are \A-striatus, and while they are exactly similar inter se,
they differ from undoubted examples of l2-striatux by the more sinuous frontal stria,
by the narrower mandibles {V2-striatus has the mandibles somewhat canaliculate,
especially the one on the right side), by the punctate fovea behind the thoracic
anterior angle, by having a short but well marked median inner humeral stria, by
the dorsal strife 1—3, especially the third, being incurved near the apical margin,
and by the less transverse and more distinctly arched outline of the mesosternum.
I have not seen a British example possessing these characters, but it may be of
interest to those who have a native collection to examine their specimens. Some-
times l2-striatus has a small median inner humeral stria, more or less distinct, and
in the British Museum there is a single example from the Power Collection which
possesses it.

Marseul, in his Monograph, 1854 (fig. 56 represents the variety of 12-striatus
[calling it 14^:striatus'] with the humeral striae — fig. 145 without them), and also in
his " Catalogue des Coleopteres d'Europe," 1863, placed the names widely apart,
but in the " Catalogus Coleopterorum Europae et Confinium," 1866, he inserted
14-striatus as a questionable variety of \2-striatus.

Lately I have come to the conclusion that Thomson acted rightly in establishing
the genus Atholux, 1862, and I have assigned about forty species to it, chiefly on the
characters used by him. For more than forty years the genus has been disregarded ;
the species Thomson placed in it are, corvinus, G-erm., himaculatm, L., \2-striatus^
Schr., and l^^-driatus, GylL, so it is evident that he thought the last two species
distinct.— Gr. Lewis, 87, Frant Road, Tunbridge Wells : October, 1906.

Coleoptera at Woking during the past summer. — The very hot dry summer
seems to have suited many of the local Coleoptera of this district, several of the
rarer species recorded by me in past years having again put in an appearance.
These have chiefly been caught on the wing, just before sunset, by persistently
working favourable spots, and for the first time various beetles always associated
with Lasius fuliginosus, as Amphotis marginata and two Mgrmedonia's, have oc-
curred to me in this manner, away from the nests of the ants. The most important
capture in the district during the past summer is, of course, Lomechusa strumosa,
discovered by Mr. Donisthorpe on May 25th*, in the nests of Formica sanguinea,
while collecting in company with the Rev. F. D. Morice. The following species
have been taken either by my sons, while out mothing, or by myself, since May last :
Myrmedonia lugens, Grav., and M. laticollis, Mark., on the wing, June ; Dinarda
markeli, Kies., in nests of Formica riifa, Lomechusa strumosa, F., rarely, Dinarda
dentata, Grav., sparingly, and Quediits brevis, Er., singly, in nests of Formica
sanguinea, June 2nd to 14th ; the last-mentioned insect does not appear to have

* Cf. Ent. Record, 1906, p. 159, and Zoologist, 1906, pp. 317, 318.

256 [November,

been found previously with this ant. Homalota splendent, Kr., one specimen, by
sweeping herbage, August i!7th ; H. languida, Er., on the wing, June ; H. divisa,
Mark., in dead frog, &c., August ; Megcronus rew^M^a^M.9, Mann., in rotten fungus
on pine stump ; Bledlus femor-alis, Gryll., a single example, on the wing, September
5th ; Aerognathus mandibularis, Gyll., not rare on calm evenings, flying over wet
rotting leaves, June 7th — 28th, and singly on August 6th ; Triarthron mdrkeh,
Schm., Hydnobius strvjosus, Schm., Colon serripes, Sahib., Amphotis marginata,
Er., Thalycra sericea, St., Antherophagus silaceus, Herbst, Cryptojjhagus populi,
Payk., Conopalpns testaceus, Oliv., and Hallomenns humeralis, Panz., all rarely,
on the wing, under old oaks, the Conopalpus seen in some numbers flying round
the higher boughs, June ; Ptomaphagus sericatus,C\\&\i(\., in dead frog, in company
with P. sericeus, F. ; Odontxus mohilicornis, F., a fine S , on the wing, just before
dark, June 1 2th, near my house ; CoccineUa disiincta, Fall., as usual in the vicinity
of nests of Formica rufa, on fir trees, &c., not rare, June. — G. C. Champion,
Horsell, Woking: October 6th, 1906.

Hhizophagus cribratus, Oyll.., in the Derwent Valley. — Yesterday morning
I was pleased to find Rhizophagus cribratus, GylL, at Brock well, a low-lying and
marshy wood near Winlaton, which I have not previously searched. The Rhizo-
phagus occurred in powder-covered agarices growing on a dead oak tree, and
amongst other species taken I should mention Tetratoma fungorum, which tumbled
out of these fungi in some profusion. This reminds me that my friend Mr. Gardner
has met with jR. cribratus in the Hartlepool district, and he tells me that he look
his examples from beneath dried cowdung ; but, of course, it may be that the
Rhizophagus in question affected some fungoid growth thus situated. The species
of Rhizophagus which have occurred in the Derwent Valley are, R. cribratus, Gyll.,
R. depressus, F., R. perforatus, Er. (Gibside and Winlaton Mill), B, parallelocollis,
Er. (old churchyard at Winlaton), R. ferrngineus, Pk., R. dispar, Pk., R. bipustu-
latus, F., and the very rare R. coeruleipennis, Sahib, (near Gibside) ; whilst of the
remaining three British species, R. nitidulus, ¥., and R. politus, Hellw., may yet be
found with us,— R. S. Bagnall, Winlaton : October 8th, 1906.

Rhizophagus parallelocollis, Er., taken in a grave. — Mr. De la Garde's note in
last month's Ent. Mo. Mag. on Rhizophagus perforatus, Er., has reminded me that
I took two specimens of its near ally R. parallelocollis, Er., last year in what is most
probably its most frequent habitat, viz., a grave. (See Canon Fowler's note, " The
Worm ? that Devoureth," in Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxiv, p. 276). I happened to be
passing our well-filled churchyard when a new grave was being dug. The grave-
digger had got down about six feet and was just unearthing a very old skeleton
which had obviously not been disturbed before. When examining a leg-bone, which
was a most interesting pathological specimen, I came across the above beetles, which
had evidently been dead for a very long time. — Norman H. Joy, Bradfield, near
Reading : October 7th, 1906.

The habits and habitat of Tachyusa concolor, Er. — Happening a day or two
ago to pass a small dried-up pond near here I got off my bicycle and commenced

1906.] 257

splasliiiifi; some wafer oul of a puddle on to the damp mud. Several small "Staphs"
at once ran out whic-Ji I recognised as Onypeta lahilis, Er., but there was also a
rather smaller species with a more narrowed hind body, and much more active
movements (much resembling those of a Myllxna), which proved on examination at
home to be Tachyusa concohr, Er. To-day (Oct. 5th) I examined in the same way
a lake about two miles distant from the above pond and also partly dried up, and at
once found the Tachyvsa, accompanied by Onypeta labilis and great numbers of
KeterocerxiH marginatns, F. It is quite possible that T. concolor is not so rare as is
supposed, but would often be found to flourish under special conditions. At the
small pond it was very ready to take wing, and so presumably to distribute itself
generally, although the day was quite dull ; in fact it was this habit which suggested
to me the examination of the lake which I have so often worked before. — Id.

Aculeate Hymenoptera at St. Fillans and the Braes of Balquhidder, Perth-
shire.— In the January number of the Ent. Mo. Mag., 1906, I have recorded a list
of species found between June 9th and July 5th, 1906. This year I visited the
same charming spot a month later, July 5th to August 3rd. The weather was not
so fine as in the previous year, but still fair for Scotland ; and although I was con-
stantly on the look out I was only able to add seven species to my list, i.e., Crabro
cribrariusy Linn., scarce, C. variits, Lep., common, Sphecodes hyalinatus, Schenck,
one specimen, Halictus smeathmanellu.'i, Kirb., two specimens, Nomada ruficornis,
one specimen, Psitkyrus vestalis, Fourc, common, Chrysis ignita, var. distinctus
two specimens. The following species were found again : — Formica rufa, Linn.,
common, F. fusca, Linn,, common, Lasius flavus, De Geer, common, Myrmioa
rubra, Linn., common, Crabro dimidiatus, Fab., Vespa norvegica, Fab., V. vulgaris^
Linn., rare, Andrena albicans, Kirb., common, A. coitana, Kirb., A. fucata,
one specimen, Nomada fiavoguttata, Kirb., three specimens, Bombus terrestris,
Linn., common, B. pratorum, Linn., scarce, B. hortorum, Linn,, B. agrorum, Fab.,
common. Diptera were again found in great force, Bombus terrestris, B. pratorum^
Vespa norvegica, and several other species having understudies in close attendance,
and often in some numbers, Mr. Edward Saunders- has again very kindly named
my captures. — G-. A. James Rothney, Pembury, Tudor Road, Upper Norwood :
October 2nd, 1906.

A correction. — In my report of Gastrophilus nasalis, L., in the last number of
this Magazine, page 233, the name of the finder should be Mr. B. Piffard, and not
" Mr. J. Piffard," as printed.— F. C. Adams, 50, Ashley Gardens, S.W. : October,
1906.

Empis hyalipennis, Fin., in Dumbartonshire. — On August 25th I took 4 ? ?
of a species of Empis in Murroch Glen, near Bonhill, which upon examination
proved to belong to E. hyalipennis. Fin., a species not hitherto recorded from
Britain, One of the specimens was submitted to Mr, Verrall, who kindly con-
firmed the identification.— J. R. Malloch, Bonhill, Dumbartonshire : October,
1906.

258

[November,

Association of Diptera tvith Lepidopferotis larvpe.—lt may interest your
readers to know that in September last at Tatrafruered, in Hungary, I found
several specimens of a small hairy-winged midge, Ceratopogon sp. ?, sitting on the
backs of larvEe of BeilepUla gain. These larvae were extremely abundant in a
clearing in a pine forest where there were large growths of Fpilobium, and several
of the larvge appeared to exude from their skins a sticky substance, which these
small Diptera devoured.— N. Charles Rothschild, 148, Piccadilly, Octoher llth,
1906.

Lygseus equestris, L., in the Isle of Sheppey. — An example of this beautiful
and (as British) exceedingly rare llemipteron was recently sent to me to name by
my friend Lieut. J. J. Jacobs, R.E. It was taken by him on the afternoon of
September 22nd, on the grass on one of the landslips of the Sheppey cliffs, about
four miles from Sheerness. Lieut. Jacobs has kindly presented me with the speci-
men.— James J. Walker, Oxford : October l^th, 1906.

Ephemera {danica, 31111/. '!) male imago coupling loith the female suhimago. —
At the end of May, last year, I was fishing Lough Arrow, near Boyle, co. Roscommon,
Ireland. The day being very calm and hot I landed for lunch between one and two
o'clock, and during the meal noticed thousands of " spinners " ( J imago) rising and
falling over a low hedge about ten yards from the water. Female " Grreen Drakes "
(Mayfly, subimago) kept flying ashore, and as soon as ever one reached the land it
was pursued by one or more of the male " Spinners," which flew out to meet them,
and generally caught them, but not always. The mated pairs for the most part fell
down coupled together into the grass, and I picked up several of them, sometimes
an additional male was holding on to the pair. The fact of there having been very
strong winds and rain for the previous two or three days may have had something
to do with this coupling of adult males with subimagos; for along the shore of the
Lough dead Mayflies were literally piled up at the water's edge to a depth of two or
three inches, and a scarcity of female iniagos may very likely have arisen through
their being wrecked and drowned in such extraordinary numbers. — S. Yenour,
Portinscale, Keswick : Octoher 8th, 1906.

"Melanism in Yorkshire Lepidoptera :" by G. T. Porritt, F.L.S.
(Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Section D,
York, 1906).

The county of Yorkshire, and especially its south-western portion, has become
famous among Lepidopterists for the number of dark and even entirely black forms
of usually pale-coloured moths that have appeared there in recent years ; and our
colleague, Mr. G. T. Porritt, being happily located in the district, has devoted
much time and study to the investigation of this phenomenon. The outcome of
his researches is embodied in the above paper, which is a very valuable summary
of our present knowledge of this most interesting and still obscure subject. Mr.

1906. J • 259

Porritt enumerates no fewer than thirty species of the larger moths which are now
known to regularly produce nearly or quite black specimens in the Huddersfield
district ; and in some cases, as in the well-known instance of Amphidast/s hetularia,
and more recently that of Odontopera hidentata, the melanic forms appear to be
well on the way to locally supersede the ordinary type of these species. A nearly
equal number of moths are there also being apparently influenced towards the same
end, specimens much darker than the typical forms being often taken, though few
actually melanic examples have yet occurred ; while a very few species show a
tendency to become lighter in colour, the case o( Acronycta menyanthidis, which in
other parts of Yorkshire is often nearly black, being especially interesting. The
generally accepted explanation of the cause of this strongly localized and rapidly
increasing melanism, viz., the protection afPorded to the darker moths by day when
at rest on walls and tree trunks blackened by the smoke of a humid manufacturing
district, is largely discounted by Mr. Porritt's observation that even pale-coloured
and conspicuous moths are but little liable to the attacks of enemies under these
conditions ; and that instances of very marked melanism are frequent in such
smokeless areas as the Hebrides and the Shetland Isles. Incidentally some very
interesting information as to the chief enemies of moths is given, and the paper is
well worthy of the attention of entomologists and all others interested in the study
of the ])henomenon of melanism.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, September 13th, 1906.— Mr. H. Main, B.Sc, Vice-President, in the
Chair.

Mr. Goulton exhibited a long series of Calymnia trapezina from the New Forest,
the only species met with in several nights' sugaring in August. Many were var.
rufa, and a few var. ochrea. He also showed larvae of Acronycta Ugustri from
ova. Mr. Bellamy, series of Adopxa lineola from Grravesend. Messrs. Harrison
and Main, long bred series of Sadena contigua aud Coremia unidentaria from the
New Forest. Mr. Barnett, (1) very dark bred examples of Abraxas grossulariata
from G-reenwich larvae, one of which was rayed on the hind-wings ; (2) very pale,
dark suffused, and extremely dark forms of Hybemia marginaria from W. Wick-
ham, Mr. Sich, living larvte of Pieris daplidice from Greneva, feeding on mignonette.
Dr. Chapman, (1) a short seines of Lampides telicamis, bred from eggs and larvae
found in N. W. Spain, and discussed the relation between the marbling of the
under-surface and the usual Lycaenid spotting ; (2) specimens of Chrysophanus
phlxas, Polyommatus bellargus, L. boetica, and L. telicamis in illustration of his
further remarks on the spotting. Messrs. West and Ashly, some seventy species
of Chrysomelidx and CurcuUonidse from the New Forest this year. Mr. Clark
reported numbers of Catocala nupta resting on the walls of Paddington Infirmary,
all most conirpicuously situated. Mr. Main had met with numbers near Cossus
infected trees. Mr. J. W. Tutt gave some most interesting remarks on his trip to
the French Alps in August. Mr. Kaye exhibited some very large specimens of
Thecla betulse, bred from Huntingdon larvae, which were kept close in tin boxes,

Y 2

260 [November,

Thursday, September 2.1th, Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Messrs. Harrison and Main exhibited (1) a long series of Acronijcta ligustri
bred from larvae taken at Box Hill ; (2) a brood of Thyatira batis froni New
Forest ova ; and (3) a series of Melitsea cinxia bred from the Isle of Wight, several
specimens having the white band of the under-side very strongly developed.
-Mr. Step, for Mr. Carreras, a remarkable variety of Polygonia c-album, from the
banks of the River Wye, having the usual dark markings suffused, enlarged, and
confused almost beyond recognition. Mr. Tonge, a further series of photograplis of
Lepidoptera at rest. Mr. Carr, larvae of Anticlea nigrofasciaria ready to hibernate.
Mr. Colthrup, (1) a specimen of Heliothis peitigera taken in August on the South
Coast ; and (2) some fine forms of Melitsea cinxia from the Isle of Wight.
Mr. West (Greenwich), forty-three species of Coleoptera taken at Great Yar-
mouth in June ; collecting was poor, and the only species at all common were
Donacias in the Caistor Marshes. Mr. South, (1) a specimen of Amphidasys
hetularia, intermediate between the type and var. doubledayaria ; (2) Orobena
straminalis, with very wide blackish borders on the outer margin of the wings;
and (3) Pyrauda nigrata, with unusually broad white bands. Mr. Sich, a Helio-
this peitigera bred from an ovum sent him by Mr. Eustace Bankes, and a drawing
of the larva. Mr. Turner (1) life-history of Coleophora obtuxella from the Isle of
Wight ; (2) specimens of Goniodoma limoniella and O. aurogutteUa for com-
parison ; (3) species of Erebia taken by Mr. Harrison and himself in Switzerland,
E. lappona, E. epiphron, E. ligea, E. tyndarus, K. goante, and E. blandina ; and
(i) Enodia hyperanthus, specimens showing great variation in ground colour of
the under-sides. Mr. L. Newman, a very large number of specimens mainly bred
this season, including: Xylomiges couspicillaris, Cucullia gnaphalii, yellow ^'s
and melanic Ematvrga atomaria, selected forms of Melitxa aurinia, a yellow
Callimorpha dominula, an extraordinary suffused dark chocolate Eugonia
autumnaria, varied Chrysophanus phlteas, melanic Macaria Uturata, Leucania
sparganii, a very pink Amorpha populi, very varied Mimas tilias, var. taras of
Hesperia malvx, bred Brephos notha, Rannoch forms of Drepana falcula, a
smoky Arctia villica, Agrotis cursoria, A. ripas, and A. prxcox in numbers. —
Hy. J. TuRNEE, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London: Wednesday, October Srd, 1906.—
Mr. F. Mereifield, President, in the Chair.

Mr. A. Hall, of 16, Park Hill Rise, Croydon, and Mr. E. E. Bentall, of The
Towers, Beybridge, Essex, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Commander J. J. Walker exhibited a specimen of Calosoma sycophanta taken
in Denny Wood, New Forest, June 16th ; Lygseus equestris, L., found in the Isle
of Sheppey by Lieut. Jacobs, R.E., on September 22nd ; Sitaris muralis, taken
near Oxford in August by Mr. A. H. Hamm ; two varieties of Vanessa urticse,
with a strong black ligament connecting the second costal and dorsal spot on the
fore-wings, from the Isle of Sheppey, August; a variety of Argynnis adippe S,
caught at Tubney, Berks., on July 7th; a slate-coloured variety of Lycxna icarus $ ,
taken near Chatham, August 24th ; and examples of an almost entirely black form

1906.

261

of Strenia clathrata ocourring at Streatley, Berks., in August — all taken this year.
Mr. G. T. Porritt, a series of Abraxas grossidariata, var. varleyata, bred tliis year
from a pairing of the variety obtained from wild larvge the previous season at
Huddersfield. All the brood were of the variety, none showing the least tendency
to revert to the ordinary form. Mr. C. P. Pickett, a gynandromorphous specimen
of Angerona prunaria bred by him, and a male specimen of Fidonia atomaria,
caught at Folkestone, with six wings. Professor Charles Stewart, F.R.S., a remark-
able unnamed exotic larva, found in a collection of specimens received at the
College of Surgeons, displaying a series of iridescent spots about the spiracles.
Mr. W. J. Lucas, on behalf of Messrs. F. W. and H. Campion, specimens of the
rare dragon-fly Sympetrum flaveolum, taken near Epping in August last, and read
an account of their capture, in which it was suggested that these were part of
a migration of the species such as occasionally takes place. Dr. F. A. Dixey,
specimens of Nuchltona medusa, Cram., Pseudopontia paradoxa, Feld., Terias
senegalensis, Boisd., Leuceronia pharis, Boisd., and L. argia, Fabr., remarking that
although there does not exist any direct evidence that the members of the genus
Nychitona are distasteful, their habits are such as to suggest this mode of pro-
tection ; and there is little doubt that they have served as models for other insects.
Mr. H. J. Donisthorpe, examples of Dinarda pygmsea, Wasm., with our other three
species, D. hagensi, Wasm., D. dentata, Gr., and D. marJceli, Kies., with their
respective hosts, and read a note on their occurrence in this country. Also
a larva of D. dentata sent to him by Father Wasmann, and a larva of B. pygmxa
taken by him in Cornwall. Dr. Norman Joy, the following species of Coleoptera
first recognised as British in 1906: — Laccobius sinuatus, Mots., from Lundy Island
and Cambridgeshire, distinguished by its smaller size and by its more parallel form
from L. nigriceps, Thoms. ; Homalota paradoxa, Rey, taken in moles' nests in
Berks, and Devon ; Quedins vexans, Epp., and its larva, from moles' nests in Berks. ;
Sitplectus tomlini, Joy, from a starling's nest at Bradfield, Berks. ; Corticaria
crenicoUis, Mannh., from under bark at Basildon, Berks., and at Epping ; Cardio-
pkorus erichsoni, Buyss,, taken on Lundy Island. Also a variety of Lathrohium
elongafum, L., from South Devon, with entirely black elytra, and which he proposed
to call var. nigrum-, a curious dull aberration of Apteropeda globo.sa. 111. ; Retero-
thops nigra, Kr., taken in moles' nests from various parts of the country ; a species
of Onathoncus differing in certain characters from G. rotundatus, Kugel., and which
occurs almost exclusively in birds' nests. Mr. L. B. Prout, on behalf of Mr. G. B.
Oliver, of Tettenhall, Wolverhampton, a melanic ? of Aoidalia marginepu aetata,
Goeze, and a melanic $ of A. suhsericeata. Haw., both taken in North Cornwall
this summer, together with the typical forms for comparison ; also a dark aberration
of Coenonympha pamp}iiluf!,\jmn.,iKken in the same district in 1903, which is on
the whole noted for light and brightly-marked forms. The President, a series of
Selenia bilunaria, drawing attention to the curious angulation of the wings in these
examples. Air. H. W. Southcombe communicated a note on the formal ion of
a new nest by Lauus niger, the common black ant. Mr. W. J. Kaye read " Some
Notes on the Dominant Miillerian Group of Butterflies from the Potaro River
District of Britisli Guiann." Mr. G. J. Arrow, " A Contribution to the Classifica-
tion of the Coleopterous Fainily Passalldx.'" — H. Rowland Brown, M.A.,
Hoyi. Sec.

262 [November,

ON THE BRITISH SPECIES OF PHOEA. (Paet I).

Br DR. JOHN H, WOOD.
(Continued from page 196).

42 (39) Onl^ one pair of dorso-central bristles*

43 (44) A dusky spot in the wing at the origin of the first thin vein ; middle tibise

with two inside spurs.

$ $ . Thorax and abdomen black, the latter dusted with whitish ;
halteres pale ; frons broad, with both rows of bristles strongly convex
in front ; third joint of antennae large, black, and lemon-shaped ;
wings dark yellowish-grey, thin veins sometimes clouded, first costal
division rather shorter than the other two together ; femora dark
brown, almost black, tibiae and tarsi more yellow ; hind tibiae with
four spines, one in the middle of the under-side and three on the
outer side, namely, one in the upper third and a pair close to the
lower end. A spring species. Larva lives on dead snails.

3 mm. — maculata, Mg.

44 (43) Wings without a spot ; middle tibix toith only one spur (normal).

45 (46) Thorax deep black ; four strong and equal scutellar bristles.

S . Halteres yellow or black (one specimen) ; frons rather nar-
row (1^ to 1) and dull, both rows of bristles strongly convex in front ;
third joint of antennae red, moderately large and lemon-shaped ; the
yellow palpi small, rather narrow, and with the usual long marginal
bristles ; wings nearly clear, costa to the middle of wing, first costal
division twice as long as the other two together, first thin vein comes
off at the fork with a very slight curve and then runs straight to the
margin ; abdomen black, 6th segment shining, that and the 2nd seg-
ment lengthened as usual, the lateral margin of 2nd segment with a
row of short bristles, a broad white hind margin to the 6th segment
and very narrow ones to the other segments ; legs yellow, middle and
hind femora frequently suffused with brown along their upper margins,
hind tibise with four spines, one in the middle of the upper-side,
another in that of the under, and two on the outer side, namely,
one at the upper third and the other close to the tip. Taken indoors,
June and July. 2 mm. — domestica, n. sp.

46 (45) Thorax yellow or dusky red ; the anterior pair of scutellar bristles much

smaller than the posterior, scarcely more than coarse hairs.

o ?. Halteres yellow; meso-pleurae with numerous short bristly
hairs and one long and conspicuous bristle ; the two front pairs of legs
yellow, the hind pair blackish-brown ; hind tibise with two spines,
both on the outer side, one in the upper third, the other near the tip.

2 — 2f mm. — eryihronota^ Strobl.

47 (1) Second thick vein not forked. Costa never reaching beyond the middle of

the wing. In all the species the antei*ior pair of scutellar bristles is
much smaller and weaker than the posterior pair, or altogether absent.

* Phora maculata, Mg. , according to Becker and the specimens in my collection, should be
included among the species with two pairs of dorso-centi al bristles, from either of which it can
be easily recognised by the characters given above.— J. E.G.

I

1906.]

263

48 (49) Middle tihix toith three spines, a pair in the upper third and the other at

the junction of the middle and lotver thirds.

J ? . Thorax, abdomen and halteres black ; meso-pleurse with
numerous short bristly hairs and one long conspicuous bristle ; frons
glossy, about as high as broad ; female proboscis elongated ; wings
yellowish-brown, second thick vein with several distinct bristles at the
inner end, first thin vein deeply curved at its origin ; legs black, the
front pair paler and all the knees yellow ; hind tibise with two large
spines, both on the outer side, one at the end of the upper third, the
other close to the tip. 3-3^ x-am.-mordellaria. Fall.

49 (48) The third spine on the middle tibia; close to the tip, on the outer side.

50 (53) Frons with a large knob or hump on the vertex ; the third spine on the

middle tibiae strong.

Both are stout, heavily built species, with the thorax, abdomen
and halteres deep black ; the frons narrow (at least as high as broad) ;
the antennce unusually small ; legs deep black, the front pair and all
the knees yellowish, the femora, especially the hind pair, very stout,
the hind tibiffi widened towards the tip, and the hind metatarsi
thickened ; armature of hind tibiae as in mordellaria.
51 (52) Fore tibix with two to four spines in a row.

S ? . Frontal knob broad, occupying at least half the width of
the frons ; third joint of antennae red or reddish, round ; palpi black ;
hind margin of 1st abdominal segment broadly whitish, usually sending
two triangular prolongations of the same colour on to the dorsum of
the segment ; costa darkened and thickened on the outer end, fringe
very thick and short ; second thick vein armed with numerous small
setEe ; first and second thin veins much wider apart on the wing
margin that at their origin (2 to 1) ; last joint of the fore tarsi in the
male normal. 3^ mm.-incrassata, Mg.

52 (51) Fore tibix with only one spine.

S ? . Frontal knob narrow, not more than one-third the width
of the frons ; third joint of antennae black, lemon-shaped ; palpi more
or less yellow ; hind margin of 1st abdominal segment black ; costa
not darkened or thickened on the outer end, fringe longer than in
incrassata ; second thick vein bare ; .. first and second thin veins not
much farther apart on the margin than at their origin (IJ to 1) ; last
joint of fore tarsi in the male dilated and fringed with long hairs.

2i mm. — carinifrons, Zett.

53 (50) Frons without such knob ; third spine on middle tibiae weak.

54 (55) Hind legs very stout, the femora, tihix, and metatarsi being as massive as

in the two preceding species.

$ . Thorax, abdomen and halteres black ; frons shining, mode-
rately broad ; palpi rather large, black, and with strong bristles 5
wings lightly tinted with grey, thin veins fine but distinct ; second
thick vein ends in a prominent oval smooth swelling, from the base of

26i [November, 1906.

this swelling the first thin vein comes off in a very bold curve and
then runs straight to the margin ; no bristle at the base of the second
thick vein ; armature of hind tibiae as in mordellaria.

2^ mm.— femorata, Mg.

55 (54) Hind legs long and slender.

56 (57) Hind tibi% toithout a spine.

S ? . Thorax, abdomen and halteres deep black ; frons rather
broad and glossy ; palpi small and narrow, yellowish or rusty, and
nearly bare ; third joint of antennae very large and prolonged into a
point ; wings diaphanous, with the thin veins very indistinct, second
thick vein robust, curved, and with a conspicuous bristle at its base,
first thin vein comes off without a curve some way from the tip of the
thick vein, and runs in a straight line to the margin ; hind tarsi very
long, the length of the metatarsi being about three-fourths that of
the tibiae, occasionally a very tender spine or bristle is present about the
middle of the hind tibiae. If mm. — citreiformis , Beck,

57 (56) Hind tibiae with two spines on the outer side, in the first and second thirds

respectively.

S ? . Frons broad and dull ; palpi of the male black, fringed
with numerous strong stubby bristles, of the female more yellowish
and with the ordinary long bristles ; third antennal joint of male
moderately large and lemon-shaped, of the female rather small and
round ; second thick vein slender and usually straight, and with a
conspicuous basal bristle, first thin vein comes off close to the tip of
the thick vein, and runs in a gentle and uniform curve to the margin ;
hind tarsi not excessively long, the metatarsi being about one half the
length of the tibiae ; in all other respects like citreiformis.

1^ mm. — vitripennis, Mg.

The 3-veined species are probably all of them autumnal, making
their appearance again in the spring, and occasionally waking up in
the interval if the weather is mild. They seem without exception to
be scarce, unless perennis be an exception, which Mr. Verrall met
with rather freely in Sussex years ago, the date of one of his males
which I have seen being 28.1.68.

Of palposa.yviih its extraordinary palpi, I have seen only a single
male, taken 29.10.03 by sw^eeping in Stoke Wood, nor do I know of
its occurrence elsewhere.

Opaca (nigricornis) is represented in my collection by one male
and two females, the dates and localities being — ^ ., Stoke Wood,
9.4.06, ? ? , Stoke Wood, 22.4.02, and Ashperton Park, 5.4.05.
Through the kindness of Mr. Wingate I have been able to examine
the male from Bishop Auckland {vide p. Ill), besides three more of
the same sex from Bonhill, Dumbartonshire, which were amongst an
interesting lot of Phoridce sent me by Mr. Malloch. With the

December, 1906.] 265

exception of one of my females, the others fully confirm Mr. Collin's
observation {vide p. 179) on the usual absence of the bristle from the
hind tibiae of this species. This female is further exceptional in that
the front pair of scutellar bristles are distinctly weaker than the hind
pair. The peculiar pair of forceps-like organs beneath the hypo-
pygium are highly characteristic, and unquestionably a:fford the
readiest means of identifying the male ; and it would be better, when
drawing up the table, had I selected it as the leading characteristic
in place of the one used.

As regards the three new species. Both sexes of vitrea, two of
each, have been taken. It comes near perennis, but the differences
in the venation, in the characters of the genitalia of both sexes, and
in the colour of the halteres, leave no doubt whatever that it is per-
fectly distinct. It is also a distinctly smaller insect. Only the
female of luteifeonorata has so far turned up. Two have been taken
here, namely. Stoke Wood 30.9.03 and Black Mountains i0.8.04,and one
by Dr. Sharp in the New Forest in October, 1908. The New Forest
insect has the thorax suffused with reddish, no trace of which is notice-
able in the Herefordshire examples. Suhluguhris is perhaps more like
vitrea than Juguhris wdth which it is compared in the table, but its
stoutly built (normal) legs cannot possibly be mistaken for the long,
slender limbs of vifrea. Both sexes have been obtained ; a female
by Dr. Sharp in the New Forest October, 1903, and two males by
myself indoors 11.10.04 and 4.10.05.

The affinities of unispinosa, nudipalpis, and autumnalis with the
3-veined section seem to be indicated by the general weakness of the
tibial armatures and by the very long and slender legs of autumnalis.
Of the last mentioned I have seen only two males, kindly lent by
Mr. Verrall, and with the records, Newmarket 31.1.93 and Cambridge
13.1.04.

Abroad they meet with two forms of the male of abdominalis :
one, the type, with a yellow abdomen like that of the female, the
other, a variety, with a black abdomen. Here we seem to have only
the variety. Ahbreviata is closely related to it, and is found at Cam-
bridge ; a female taken by Mr. Jenkinson in his garden and kindly
given me by Dr. Sharp bears the date 20.8.02.

Dorsalis and hergenstammi are both very rare. Of the former
I took a pair in cop. at Woolhope 28.5.98, and of the latter a female
28.7.05 in Stoke Wood. The end of the abdomen is rather curiously
truncated in the females of these two species, making it at first sight
hard to say, without the other sex at hand for comparison, whether

Ogg [December,

the specimen is male or female. The better plan therefore is to note
the relative proportions of the abdominal segments, the 2nd and 6th
being distinctly lengthened in the male, and of much the same size
as the others in the female.

Domestica. Altogether nine males have been met with — eight of
them on windows of my own house, and one under like conditions at
Ledbury, the dates ranging from June 18th to July 22nd. It bears
so striking a resemblance to hergenstammi, that the question at first
arose, could it be the male of that species ? But the presence of
two pairs of dorso-central bristles on the thorax in the one case and
of only one pair in the other was a character too important to be
disregarded. Another equally good distinction lies in the proportions
of the frons. In my female bergenstammi it is at least half as broad
again as high, whereas in these male domestica it is scarcely one-third
broader; reversing what otherwise is I think a universal rule, that
where there is a difference in this respect between the sexes, the
male has the broader or lower frons. Becker also says that the
abdomen of male hergenstammi is dusted with grey, which is certainly
VLoi the Qdi^Q m domestica ; neither does he make any allusion to the
glossiness of the 6th segment and its broad whitish margin, which
are so conspicuous in the new species.

Fennica is an early summer insect (May and June). I possess
five males, and the only female I have seen came from Mr. Malloch,
who took it at Bonhill 28.5.06. Its condition, however, was poor,
which was disappointing, as its completely yellow legs were so
different to the dark brown ones of the male. The bristles on the
2nd thick vein, however, showed conclusively that it belonged to the
thoracica section, whilst the presence of two spines only on the hind
tibise, one in the upper third and the other close to the tip, pointed
almost as conclusively to its being fennica.

Of femorata I have seen only two females, both from Scotland :
one, kindly lent by Mr. Verrall, was found under seaweed at Nairn
by Col. Yerbury 5.7.04 ; the other was taken by Mr. Malloch 12.5.06
at Bonhill.

The males of citreiformis and vitripennis frequent the umbels of
Her.-icleum spondylium and Anc/elica sylvestris in the autumn. The
former is fairly common with me, but local ; the latter, on the other
hand, is scarce. The female of neither have I ever taken myself, but
Mr. Collin kindly gave me a female of vitripennis, which he had bred
with others from a humble bee's nest.

1906.] 267

DRILUS FLAVESCENS, Rossi, ?, AND ITS LARVA.
BY E. G. BAYFOSD.

On the evening of September 2nd, 1905, my friend, Mr. A.
Wbitaker, who had just returned from a holiday which he had been
enjoying at Deal in the company of Mr. Gr. T. Porritt, gave me a
curious larva which he had found whilst looking for bats in a cave on
Folkestone Warren, The following day I examined it more closely,
and by the aid of the description given by Westwood (Int. Modern
Class. Insects, I , p. 253) I determined it as that of Drilasflavescens.
To corroborate this I went out in search of Helix nemoraJis, and was
not long in finding a specimen, which, along with the larva, I placed
under a small bell-glass. The larva, which was very active, became
strongly excited on discovering the presence of the Helix^ and,
making a sudden rush upon it, quickly mounted the shell. Its action
was precisely that of a cat after a stealthy approach towards a bird
which it has marked down for its prey — one excited rush decides the
event. Bending round the shell it quickly made an entrance by in-
serting the head and two or three following segments at the base of
the columella. The Helix realising its danger at once withdrew
into its shell, drawing in with it still more of the larva. Quickly
emerging it attempted to thrust out its enemy, but was powerless to
do so. It repeated these tactics several times, but each time it with-
drew the larva pressed in still further. At last it gave up the struggle
and remained in its shell. Meanwhile the larva had set to work
devouring its victim, the juices of which could be seen quite clearly
through the transparent integument passing down the gullet. Whilst
watching the strenuous exertions of both parties in the combat I was
struck with the great advantages, both o:ffensive and defensive, which
the possession of the setigerous tubercles gives the larva. So far as I
can learn there is no adequate description of the larva. In Canon
Fowler's " British Coleoptera " the description is obviously condensed
from Westwood {I.e.) to which, indeed, the student is referred.
Since the publication of the former work an excellent " Life History
of Drilus Jiavescens, by Mr. L. E.. Crawshay, M.A., Oxon," has
appeared in the Trans. Ent. Soc, 1903, pp. 39 — 51, with two plates.
Although I had determined my larva by the aid of Westwood's
description, the latter is so inaccurate that I drew up another as
complete as I possibly could without injuring my specimen. As a
consequence I have laid more stress on the obvious features of which
Mr. Crawshay has treated lightly, and perforce omitted the more
minute but none the less important structural peculiarities which he
has so fully described.

Z 2

ogo [December,

Linear, parallel-sided, seolopendroid, capable of very considerable extension.
Length, 18 mm. Breadth, 2 mm. : measurements taken when the larva vras
quiescent. Antennae, 1st joint, creamy-white; 2nd and 3rd reddish-testaceous;
head reddish-testaceous.

Upper surface : segment 2, yellowish-testaceous with a small rectangular
blackish patch on each side ; 3-12 same as segment 2, but with blackish patch much
larger, leaving only a central line yellowish-testaceous.

On segments 5-12 there is on each side a double row of large tubercular projec-
tions, creamy-white in colour, forming a succession of V's, at the base of each of
which, on the inside, a spiracle is placed. These tubercles are armed with long
spiny setae of a reddish-testaceous colour. The spiracles are also defended by
similar outstanding setae. Under-side, creamy-white with two black streaks on each
segment.

The 13th segment is produced in a downward direction forming an ambulatory
stump, and has on each side a tubercular projection, horizontal with a backward
direction.

Westwood apparently bad not a specimen before bira wben be
made tbe figure and drew up tbe description, for be erred in placing
tbe tubercular processes on tbe under-side. In tbe specimen from
wbicb tbe above description was drawn up tbe lower process of tbe
V was borizontal, the upper at an angle witb it of about 45°.

Wben tbe larva bad tbrust itself halfway into tbe shell the spiny
setae seemed to cause tbe Helix very great annoyance, forcing it to
shrink from contact with them and so enabling tbe larva to press in
still further. The Helix then threw out a quantity of slime, but this
was kept from tbe spiracles by their setae, and also by the processes
themselves and their setae. It was thus impossible for tbe Helix to
23ress its body or force its slime upon the spiracles of its enemy and
so smother it.

By the 7tb the snail appeared to be almost wholly consumed.
The abdomen of the larva was now distended to an enormous extent,
so much so, that the normally upper surface (wbicb being of a barder
consistency was incapable of lateral expansion) bad become tbe
central half of the upper surface. Tbe tubercular processes bad, of
course, been forced round from dorso-lateral to dorso-central posi-
tions ; the upper ones, once at 45°, were now vertical; the lower ones,,
formerly borizontal, were now at 45°. The binder portion of the
larva, for that was all of it that could now be seen, even when some off
tbe shell had been snipped away, looked mucb like an Oniscus ini
general outline, and had also assumed a mucb darker colour. The
rejectamenta was a deep yellowish liquid having a strong fishy odor.

From this date no movement except a slight contraction of the
segments at intervals was noticed.

Although I looked at it daily I was not fortunate enougb to seei
the change to tbe pupal state. Apparently it was in this state less'
than 24 hours, and emerged as a fine female on May '20th this year.

2, Rockingham Street, Barnsley.
October, 1906.

1906.] 269

POLIETES RIRTICRURA, Meade, ?.

BY JAMES WATEllSTON, B.D., B SC.

Writing in 1897, Meade has still to say of this rare species :
"only the male is known." Since then the additional examples taken
have been few and all of them males. I therefore avail myself of the
opportunity of describing a ? recently secured in Arran.

The usual generic character for PoUetes, End., viz., facial cilia-
tion, is less marked in liirticrura (^ than in either of its congeners.
Tn the $ this feature is still less obvious, which led us to seek some
additional differentia for the ? $ of PoUetes, lind., from those of
the closely allied Hyetodesia side. Two points may be referred
to, viz. : —

(a.) The presence in all three spp. of a pair of decussating
bristles below the ocellar triangle. This is rare in Hyetodesia.
(b.) Between the upper fronto-orbital bristles and the eye margin
there are on either side in the $ PoUetes 2-3 stout curved bristles
directed downwards. These are absent in the ? Hyetodesia where
the line they form is occupied by a row of fine hairs.

In general the ? is not. so dark looking as the S ■ Grround colour, silvery-grey
with a bluish tinge. On this the thoracic markings stand well out, as in P. lardaria.

Head : — Eyes long haired, the hairs of a tawny colour. Frontal stripe, velvet
black. Face and cheeks silvery, darker behind the eyes. Antennae black. Arista
swollen basally and long haired for nearly its whole length.

Thorax: — Four black stripes well defined to beyond the suture. Four dorso-
central post sutural bristles. Scutellum black, with a pair of silvery patches near
the apex.

Wings :—'Dwek tinged, as in the $. Bases with calyptra orange. Margin of
the latter deep orange, with paler ciliation. Cross veins slightly clouded. Edging
of the postrial lighter than in $ .

Boundaries of subcostal cell, radial, anal and axillary veins yellow.

Halteres : — 'Knoh blackish-brown j stalk lighter.

In describing the chaetotaxy of the legs, the system recently
advocated in this Magazine by Mr. Grimshaw has been followed
(see Ent. Mo. Mag., second series, vol. xvi, p. 173).

I have here had the benefit of Mr. Grimshaw's revision and
suggestion, for which my heartiest thanks are due. Of course the
detailed characters must be of very unequal value, but I have not at
present investigated which are generic and which specific.

Fore-leg : — Femur. Row of dorsal bristles, two of which are long, erect, curved
at beyond one-half and at two-thirds respectively. Between the latter and the apex,

270 [December,

and almost on the same surface, are two sub-eroet specially directed bristles.
Complete rows of long postero-dorsal and post ero- ventral bristles. Anterior
surface merely ciliated. Tibia strong, postero-ventral spine at two-thirds.

Mid-leg : — Femur. Ventr.d row, 4-6 irregular bristles, reaching to one half,
thence to apex coarsely and evenly ciliated. Anterior row, short bristles to one-half.
Sub-apical whorl of bristles, complete save ventrally. Tibia, slightly narrowed below
knee. Anterior spines beyond one-half and two-thirds. Irregular row — about six —
postero-dorsal spines. Two posterior spines opposite anterior at beyond one-half
and two-thirds.

Hind-leg: — Femur. Complete row, sub-equal, short, antero-dorsal bristles,
a similar one of longer bristles placed antero-ventrally. Femur curves anteriorly
and is almost bare posteriorly, but for a tuft of loose bushy hairs at the base.

Tihia. — About nine short anterior spines. Five similar antero-ventrally, the
first before one-half, the last subapically placed. How of short posterior-dorsal bi'istles
along the whole length. At two-thirds a long spine occurs, and from this to apex
are about twelve very short bristly hairs, forming a coarse ciliation. Whole tibia
slightly curved. All tibial species show an irregular whorl of spines.

I took this female from a bramble leaf in Glen Ashdale, near
Whiting Bay. It was very conspicuon.s among a host of P. Inrdaria,
E.. Moi^ellia Jwrtoynim, Pm.,anrl probably also P. aJholineafa, Fm. But
being without a net the presence of the last I was unable to settle.
The ^ has twice come under my observation, on both occasions in
company with its congeners.

References : — Ent. Mo. Mag., 1887, Jan., p. 179.
Entomologist, 1890, p. 152.
List of Brit. Anthomyidae, 1897, pp. 3-4.
Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 193.
Edinburgh :

Sept. 2Uh, lOOfi.

TRIMNODES REUTERI, McLach., A SPECIES OF TRICIIOPTERA
NEW TO BRITAIN.

BY K. J. MORTON, F.K.S.

The credit of taking this interesting addition to the British list
is due to my friend iMr. William Evans, who has already been success-
ful in finding some unexpected species of Triclioptera in his investiga-
tion of the Fauna of the Forth area. This insect was met with by
him on July 7th at the River Laggan (Forth), just at the village of

13060 271

Aberfoyle. On the 14th of the same month we visited the locality
together, and again found the species, but the weather was unfavoura-
ble, and the take restricted accordingly, including but few males.

In recording this species as T. reuteri^ some explanations are
necessary. T. reuteri was described from three $ r^ (one from
Ostrogothia, Sweden, and one each from Helsingfors and Aland,
Finland). It was subsequently found at Esbo in the latter country,
and Sahlberg gave me a $ from that place. This c^, although rubbed,
agrees with McLachlan's description as far as its condition allows
comparison. He says the insect deceptively resembles some $ examples
of (Ecetis furva. The present insect is very different, and in appear-
ance superficially resembles a small form of T. conspersa. The
appendages are, however, similar to those of reuteri, although the
inferior appendages in the Scottish insect are apparently less closely
approximated when seen from beneath than in the Finnish reuteri.
The apex of the penis is also said to be slightly upturned in reuteri,
while in our examples it is generally rather upturned ; but the
character is not stable.

For a proper understanding of the three forms, conspersa and
reuteri from Finland, and the Scottish insect now referred to the latter
species, a full set of preparations of the genitalia of each is desirable,
but in the meantime the requisite material for this is lacking. In
certain groups of Leptoceridce little or no importance can be attached
to coloration.

13, Blackford Eoad, Edinburgh:
Octoler 26th, 1906.

Lathrohium elongatum, L., v. nigrum, var. nov. — When studying the sexual
characters of Lathrobium hrunnipes, F., a short time ago I came across two
specimens in my series with the 7th ventral segment of the abdomen very
differently formed than in the rest. On examining these more carefully they
proved to be a black form of Lathrohium elovgatum, L., differing, of course, in
many respects from L. hrunni/pes. One has uniformly black elytra with the apical
half of the suture very narrowly and obscurely pitchy ; in the other the apical third
of the elytra shows a very slight trace of pitchy colour. One is labelled Slapton
Ley ; April, 1902," the other " South Devon ; April, 1902," but the latter may
also have been taken at Slapton Ley. Mr. Eeys tells me that the dark form of
Lionyclms quadrillum, Duft., having no trace of the yellow markings on the elytra
occurs fairly commonly at Slapton, but that it appears to be very rare elsewhere.
I have thought it best to give the Lathrohium a varietal name to warn collectors
from mistaking it for L. hrunnipes as I did.— Noeman H. Joy, Bradfield, near
Reading : November 5th, 1906.

272 [December,

Coleoptera captured in Sherwood Forest, June, 1906.— Notwithstanding the
dryness of the past summer, and the consequent dearth of insects generally, the
following list of captures by Dr. Chaster or myself at Sherwood may prove of
interest : — Anitys rubens, Hoffm. : we were delighted to find a few examples of
this species, together with several of its larvae,* in a very rotten damp knot of an
old fallen oak, which also produced Dorcatoma chrysomelina, Stm., and Xylophilus
ocidatus, G-yll. Pyropterus offinis, Payk, : many specimens, from the dry rotten
d4hris of an old oak stump, either crawling sluggishly about or hiding in the
crevices of the bark. Cistela ceramhoides, L. : two females taken at rest by
Dr. Chaster on a fallen oak, and a pair beaten by myself from an old oak ; last year
I captured two males and two females in the same way. Liodes orbicularis,
Herbst, Amphicyllus globus, F., and Aspidiphorus orbiculatus, Gryll. : frequent,
about fungi. Callidium variabile, L. : abundant under bark of fallen oak branches^
Corymbites xneus, L., a few specimens, and Cryptocephalus coryli, L., females only,
on young birches. Ptilimis pectinicornis, L. : abundant, under beech bark, boring
into the solid wood, females only seen. Rhizophagus nitidulus, F., numerous
examples, Agathidium nigripenne, Kug., and Pediacus dermestoides , F., sparingly,
under beech bark. Mycetochares bipustulata, 111. : under bark of very old rotten
oaks. Athous rhomheus, 01., and Haplocnemus impressus, Marsh. : beaten out of
old oaks. — J. KiDSON Taylor, 45, South Avenue, Buxton : October 19tk, 1906.

Otiorrhynchus morio, F., v. eheninus, Gyll., in Sutherland. — In the early part of
June, 1901, while on a fishing and botanising expedition in this far northern
county, I met with this interesting rarity. On the 6th of the month I had left my
friends in their boat to continue their sport, and while walking on the road passing
along the shore of Loch Assynt, about five miles from Lochinver, I found an
Otiorrhynchus crawling on the road. It occurred where a belt of dwarf, stunted
Scotch pines crosses and for some distance borders the road. On my return home
I found that the insect differed from both 0. tenebrieosus, Herbst, and 0. fuscipes^
Walt., in that the legs and antennae were black and the punctuation of the elytra
quite different. Last month I sent one of the specimens to my friend Mr. Newbery,
who now returns it as O. morio, F., v. eheninus, Gyll. He says : I am returning
the Otiorrhynchus as morio, v. ebeninus, as T thought ; it agrees with some in the
General Collection at the British Museum, and also fairly well with the specimen
in the Power Collection, except that yours is smaller. I have no doubt as to the
correctness of the name, and think your capture should be recorded, as the species
has not been taken for many years, and I had doubts myself as to whether it was
not extinct. — Id. j»

Medon castaneus, Grav., at Guildford. — Amongst a few beetles captured by
my sons at Guildford, on October 24th, the following are noteworthy -.—Medon
castaneus, Grav., Notiophilus rufipes. Curt., and Ocypus compressus, Marsh., all
found under stones, or at the roots of elms, in a sandy field. Oxytelus fairmairei,
Pand., and Thalycra sericea, Sturm, were also taken by them in the same district
on September 1st.— G. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking : November lOth, 1906.

* Some of these have since been reared by Dr. Chaster.

19060 273

Oyrinus urinator, III., in the New Forest.— On the 28th of last month I took
several specimens of Gyrinus urinator, 111., in the neighbourhood of Broekenhurst.
The ijisects were apparently resting on duekweed, beneath the surface of a running
stream. I have not seen any record of the species from the New Forest. —
S. G-. Rendel, Broughton, Lyndhurst : October 1 Uh, 1906.

Anisotomid.ie, S(c., at Oxford. — During the last fortnight I have taken, by
sweeping under the beech trees at Wylham Park, a fine series of both sexes of
Anisotoma cinnamomea. More than half the number were taken on November 3rd,
a date when the sweeping-net is usually laid aside for the season ; but on that day
it produced at least 40 species of Coleoptera, including Quedius puncticollis (1),
Anixotoma riigosa (1) and litura, black Hydnohius punctatissimus, TrachyphloBus
alternans, Mantura mattheiosi, &c. ; Pediacus dermestoides also turning up again
under bark. At Tubney, on October 20th and 27th, I got two fine (? s of Anisotoma
rugosa (one on each day) by sweeping under fir trees ; also A. triepTcei, Sienus
drcidaris, Colon viennense and zehei (c?), Ceuthorrhynchidius terminatus, and
Chryaomela didymaia in plenty on Hypericum quadrangulum. — James J. Walker,
Oxford : November 6th, 1906.

Sitaris mural is, Forst., near Oxford. — My first acquaintance with this species
in the neighbourhood of Oxford was in September, 19U3, when, looking for Polia
chi, I found a single specimen on an old stone wall. Again, on October 1st, 1905,
two dead specimens were obtained from a spider s web on the stone wall of a
cottage, pierced by many holes of the Mason Bee, Podalirius (Anthophora) pilipes.
Fab. The two localities were about a mile and a half apart. Up to this date no
systematic attempt had been made to ascertain the relative abundance of the species.
Accordingly, on August 18th last, the cottage wall was examined, and a female
obtained just outside one of the burrows ; another female was sticking to the wall,
crushed and flattened, probably by some passer by. From this date until Septem-
ber 16th, when the last specimens were taken, frequent visits were paid to this and
many other walls containing colonies of the bee. On nearly every occasion one or
more specimens were obtained. A final examination of all the walls on September
22nd was entirely unsuccessful ; and it appeared evident that the season for the
imagines was over. It was not until after several visits that I hit upon the right
method of searching. This was suggested by finding a female in one of the
burrows ; and on all subsequent occasions as much attention was given to the holes
as to the general surface of the walls. The results entirely justified this procedure,
for in the end more individuals were taken from the burrows of the bee than from
the wall ontside. On the only occasion when the species was seen in copula two
pairs were found in adjoining holes ; in both instances the males were nearer the
mouth of the burrow. At another time two males and one female were found in a
single burrow. On several occasions a large female was observed with the posterior
end of her abdomen at the very mouth of the burrow. When one of these was
placed in a box with a male, copulation took place almost immediately. All the

274 [December,

above mentioned facts point somewhat strongly to the inference that pairing in-
variably takes place in the comparative security afforded by the burrow. — A.. H.
Hamm, 22, Southfield Road, Oxford : November 9ih, 1906.

Harpalus honestus, Dufts., at Box Hill. — I have in my collection a S specimen
of the bright green form of Harpalus honesUis, Dufts., one of a pair taken about
30 years ago at Box Hill, in company with the more ordinary black or blue-black
form ignavus, Dufts. ; the $ was given to Mr. T. R. Billups, who was with me at
the time. The green form has not occurred to me since, though ignavus is still to
be found in the same place. — W. West, 8, Alorden Hill, Lewisham : October 17th,
1906.

Catoptria aspidiscana, Hb., in Kent. — Amongst some Micro- Lepidoptera re-
ceived for identification from Mr. Edwin Goodwin of Wateringbury I was delighted
to find a perfect example of Catoptria aspidiscana. The moth (a ? ) was captured
in 1904 in the Maidstone district. As there is no published record of this species
occurring in Kent, Mr. Groodwin is to be congratulated upon making a very interest-
ing addition to our county list. The capture is of further interest as demonstrating
how one of the Tortricina may be overlooked even in a county so well worked for
them as Kent has been. I know this moth has been diligently sought after in many
places in the county, where its food-plant {Solldago virgaurea) grows in the greatest
profusion, and under very varied conditions. It would appear that C. aspidiscana
must be as local in Kent as it is reported to be in its few recorded habitats, viz.,
Lancashire, Westmoreland, Hereford and Gloucestershire. — B. A. Bower, Cliisle-
hurst : November t>th, 1906.

Tortrix proniihana, Hb., reared from British larvae. — While tit Eastbourne in
September last I took three or four larvae and a few pupse of a Tortrix from
a Euonymus hedge that was growing in the garden of a private house. The larvae
were feeding between leaves spun together, on the tender shoots thus enclosed, and
the pupse were in tough silken webs between the leaves where the larvae had fed.
As I did not know any Tortrix specially addicted to Euonymus, I concluded that
if they were not one of our common polyphagous species, and the lateness of the
season hardly appeared to favour such a supposition, they would probably be
T. pronubana, which I knew had been found on Euonymus in Guernsey ; all doubt,
however, was set at rest by the emergence on September 20th from one of the pupae
of an undoubted T. pronubana, and I have since reared approximately a dozen
specimens, including both sexes. Although the species occurred but sparingly, it is
interesting, after the capture of the two imagines at Eastbourne and Bognor
respectively in the autumn of last year (Proc. Ent. Soc, 1905, p. Ixiii, and Ent.
Mo. Mag., vol. xli, p. 276), to know tl;at it is breeding in this country, and it is
to be hoped that now it has once obtained a footing this pretty little species may
become firmly established as a British subject.— Robert Adkin, Lewisham:
November, 19Ct6.

Eupifhecia consignata, Boric. : a correction. — In the obituary notice of the
late Mrs. Hutchinson, I wrote (antea, p. 43) as follows : — " It is worthy of mention

1906. I 275

that, after obtaining ova from a female capt lived in ] 874, she, with her daughter's
assistance, continued to rear E. consignata until the time of her death, no fresh
blood being ever introduced." The accuracy of this statement having been
questioned by an esteemed friend, I wrote lo Miss Hutchinson, on whose authority
it had been made, and a long search through notes made at the time has shown that
her previous belief is, to her regret, not quite in accordance with (he facts, which
are as follows. In 1887 Mrs. Hutchinson received from Dr. J. H. Wood, of
Tarrington, a single larva, beaten from hawthorn, of E. consignata^ which yielded
a J imago in the following year : this J was paired with two ^ $ , and at least
13 eggs were obtained, which, however, were not kept separate from the many
fertile ova laid at the same time as the result of the unions of various inbred
moths. With this solitary exception, no fresh blood has ever been introduced, and
yet, in spite of this, the inbred race, dating originally from 1874, still continues to
flourish, and shows no signs of any deterioration ! — Eustace R Bankes, Norden,
Corfe Castle : November 1th, 1906.

Apanteles forinosns, Wesm. — The late Rev. T, A, Marshall, in his Monograph
of the Braconldse, described a ? I bred from Tasniocampa stabills as the ? of
Apanteles formosus, but had his doubts about it at the time, because the cocoon
from which it was bred was " a lohite cocoon of the usual appearance," whereas the
cocoons from which I bred several c? J s were all pedunculated. Since then
Mr. R. C Bradley sent me both sexes of A. formosus bred from larvse of Ourapieryx
sambucaria: both cocoons were pedunculated, that of the $ of formosus being like
that of the ^ described by Marshall both in form and colour. How the foot stalk
(peduncle) is made is not recorded by Marshall ; he simply says : "This (the cocoon)
is entirely unlike anything constructed by a Braconid." The larva, after making at
the base a silken pad on the upper surface of the leaf, builds up the foot stalk in three
sections, which are so united that you cannot detect where one begins and the other
ends in the stem ; at the top, the cocoon is made a little on one side. It is worth
noting that all, so far as I have seen, have curres in the stem, which I believe are
caused by the weight of the larva on the newly-formed work, which at the time is
not sufficiently dry to carry it. Marshall says if the ? he described is not the ? of
formosus it may be " The unknown Ichneumon intercus, Schr. (Enum. ins. Austr.,
764), as its description, agrees very closely with the ? of this insect." Should
it not be that insect, I propose the name of marshallii for it. — Gr. C. Bignell,
Saltash : November 2nd, 1906.

Aculeate Hgmenoptera in the New Forest, Cornwall, Sfc. — Among my rarer
captures amongst the Aculeates this year in the New Forest, Cornwall, &c., the
following are perhaps worth recording : —

New Forest, July. — Pompilus unicolor, P.bicolor, P.wesmaeli, Stygnus solskyi,
Pemphredon morio, Oxgbelus mandibularis, Nomada obtusifrons^ on the flowers of
bramble, Nomada roberjeotiana, visiting nests in bracken-covered sandy soil, Stelis
octomaculata, $ 's on Potentilla.

At Par, Cornwall, in August. — Methoca ichneumonides, one J on wild parsnip,
and on the same plant Crabro saundersi^ one J .

276 [December,

On my return to Liverpool I visited the Wallasey Sandhills on two occasions, and
succeeded in obtaining several ? and one S Ccelioxys mandihularis flying round
burrows of Megaehile maritima. I also picked up about a dozen shells of Helix
wemora/^? containing cocoons of Osmia anrnfenta. — G. A rxold, University of Liver-
pool : Octoher, 1006.

Phora sordida, Zett., in Dumhartonshlre. — On September 22nd last I took, in
a wood near here, from decaying fungi several species of Phoridse, among which I
found two (? (? and two ? ? of Phora sordida, Zett., a species not hitherto recorded
from Britain. It is allied to P. rufipes, but lias (he basal half of the hind femora
ciliated beneath, and is devoid of the characteristic scale-like abdominal hairs that
are present in that species. Dr. J. If. Wood and Mr. J. E. Collin have seen a S ,
and agree in the identification of the specicH.- J. R. Mallocii, Bonhill, Dumbar-
tonshire : Novemher, 1906.

A PuKLlMFNATiY LiST OF DuilRAM DiPTRRA, WITH ANALYTICAL TaBLKS :

by the Rev. W. J. Wingate. Trans Nat. Hist. Soc. NoHhumberland, Durham,
and Newcastle-upon-Tyne. New Series. Volume ii. 416-pp., 7 plates.

One would never suspect from the title that this volume was an attempt to
supply an English work on Biptera, whereby a beginner might be able to get a
general idea of the Order, and make an attempt to name his captures ; but such
being the case, it should appeal to all those who have been waiting for some such
publication before commencing the study of this interesting Order.

A few short notes are given at the commencement upon collecting and pre-
serving specimens, followed by an explanation of the numbering employed in the
tables, &c., and a description of the terms used in describing the exterior parts of a
fly, with an index ; but the bulk of (he volume is composed of analytical tables of
the families, genera and species. These tables are not limited to the species oc-
curring in Durham, as one would gather from the title, but even contain many
species which have not yet been found in Britain, while many British species are not
included. The pystem of numbei*ing used in the tables, with the repetition of the
distinctive numbers for each family and genus at the top of every page, makes these
tables very easy of reference, but the tables themselves, being mainly compilations
with many of the genera and species quite unknown to the author, arc necessarily
somewhat untrustworthy, and should be used with much caution.

The author has felt obliged to introduce a new system of numbering and
lettering for the veins of the wing, and falls into the common error of considering
the mediastinal and subcostal as branches of one vein (his Vi), whereas they are
two distinct veins with two distinct roots, though the mediastinal is often rudimental ;
he seems to have overlooked Comstock's system, an elaboration of which would have
answered his purpose of brevity and been morphologically more correct.

One notices various names of genera and species incorrectly spelt, and the
author phould have been aware that the life-history of Lipara is well known, while
a reference to Zetterstedt's " Diptera Scandinovica," vol. xiii, p. 5019, would have
shown him that there in such a name as Rhamphomyia fumi2>ennis, Zett.

1906. 1 277

In the present state of our knowledge of the Diptera, the formation of analy-
tical tables for our British species with any degree of accuracy would be an ex-
ceedingly difficult task, the author of the work under review is, therefore, to be
congratulated upon boldly attempt ing such an undertaking, and if the result induces
only a few more collectors and students to collect and study this Order of Insects,
his work will not have been in vain.

Societies.

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society: The Opening Meeting,
of the session was held in the Society's rooms at the Royal Institution, Colquit
Street, Liverpool, on Monday, the 15th October. — Mr. Richard Wilding, Vice-
President, in the Chair.

In the Order Lepidoptera, Mr. F. N. Pierce, F.E.S., showed a case of varieties
of the common magpie moth. Abraxas grossulariata, from Wallasey, some of the
forms being of exceptional interest. Mr. Prince, the same species together with other
insects from Wallasey. Dr. Edwards, two drawers of Lepidoptera from Lancashire
and Devon, including, among others, short series of Limenitis sihylla, Caligenia
miniata, Epione apiciaria, Geometra papilionaria and Cidaria silaceata. Mr. B.
H. Crabtree, F.E.S., a couple of cases containing beautiful bred series of Odontopera
bidentata, ab nigra, from Manchester, Heliotlds peltigera from Sidmouth, Boarmia
repandata, Agrotis ashworthii, and Epunda lichenea from N. Wales, and many
other interesting species. Mr. R. Tait, jun., long series of bred insects showing
variation, Agrotis agathina, A. ashworthii, Boarmia repandata, and Cleora lichen-
aria from N. Wales ; Thecla quercus T. betulse, and Angerona prunaria from Hants ;
Aplecta nebulosa var. robsoni, and a beautiful specimen of Acronycta alni from
Delamere, the last taken as a pupa from an alder. Dr. Bell of New Brighton
showed cases of life-histories illustrating the early stages of many of our rare as
well as common moths, mounted upon their food plants ; also the results of four
days' collecting in the Fens. Mr. W. Mansbridge, a series of Aplecta nebulosa
and its black variety robsoni bred from ova deposited by a wild black female ; a
long scries of Macaria liturata and var. nigrofulvata, both from Delamere ; a series
of Cabera pusaria var. rotundaria from Knowsley, and a series of Rumia luteolata
from Allerton showing seasonal variation between the spring and autumn broods.
The last Member also read a communication to the Society upon the general causes
of insect variation. In the Coleoptera Dr. Corbett of Doncaster showed series of
various species of beetles from that district, including the very rare Carpophilus
sexpustulatus. Messrs. J. F. Button and Geo. Ellison, interesting varieties of Cicin-
dela campestris (the common tiger beetle), Agabus nebulosus, Ccelambu.s novemline-
atus, Otiorrhynchus blandus, and many others from the Orkney Islands collected
during a visit last summer to that locality. Mr. Geo. Ellison further exhibited
two specimens of the Orkney vole, Microtus orcadensis, a new British mammal,
together with its parasitic fleas Ceratephyllus penicilliger, C. gallinas, and Typhlo-
psylla agyrtes, and stated that all these parasites were well known to occur on the
domestic fowl. — H. R. Sweeting and Wm. Mansbridge, Hon. Secretaries.

0 7Q [December,

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, October ^^th, 1906.— Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Kaye exhibited a specimen of the extremely rare Thyridid, Dracenta riisina,
from Trinidad, resembling an irregularly injured leaf, the surface of which had been
eaten by larvae. Mr. Sich, the pupae of Pieris daplidice, and a photograph of the
larva by Mr. Tonge ; they were from Geneva ova. Mr. Step, a larva, probably of
Prodenla littoraUs, found feeding inside the skin of a banana. Mr. Jager, (1) fine
series of dark green and light yellow forms of Bryophila muralis from Starcross ;
(2) Hellothis peltigera bred from S. Devon larvae; (3) Agrotu vestigialis, with
unusually clear white markings, taken at sugar at Starcross ; with (4) specimens of
Laphygma exigua. Mr. R, Adkin, a series of Feronea permutana reared from larvae
feeding on Rosa spinosissima, from Wallasey. Mr. South, nearly full-fed larvae of
C. (L.) exigua, feeding on plantain, dandelion, and groundsel ; they were from ova
of a female taken at Kingston by Mr. Richards ; (2) Euchloe cardamines, from
larvae fed on wallflower ; for Mr. Hayward (3) a Cahera pusaria leaden-grey in
colour, and the transverse lines obsolete ; (4) a dark form and a red form of
Xylophasia monoglypha ; (5) an almost black Txniocampa ineerta ; (6) a smoky-
grey Cymatophora duplaris ; a grey-brown Grarmnesia trigrammica with only
very faint transverse lines ; a unicolorous fuscous-brown Ematurga atomaria ; and
(9) several dark powdered and sprinkled forms of Tephrosia crepuscularia from
near Burton-on-Trent. Mr West (Greenwich), the extremely local Hemipteron,
Lihurnia lepida, from Esher. Mr. Barnctt, varied forms, including var. Jlavescens,
of Xanthia fulvago from Wimbledon. Mr. Hy. J. Turner, two extremely large
Argynnis aglaia $s from Gavarnie, Pyrenees, with two c? s from the Alps,
extemely small, and var. eris, with typical forms of Argynnis niohe. Messrs. Main,
Dennis, and Lucas, a large number of photographic slides of ova, larvae, and
imagines at rest.

Thursday, October 25th, 1906. — The Pi'esident in the Chair.

Messrs. Ilarrison and Main exhibited bred scries of large light forms and small
dark forms of Boarmia cinctaria from the New Forest ; and of Spilosoma fuliyi'
nosa from Cornwall. Mr. Newman (1) a Drepana falcula bred on October 25th
with others ; (2) long series of Agrotis obelisca, Aporophyla australis, and Ancho-
celis lunosa from the Isle of Wight ; (3) very dark to very liglit forms of L. exigua ;
(4) very dark A. segetum and A. saucia ; (5) B. muralis and Polyommatus corydon
taken on September 16th in the Isle of Wight ; (6) full-fed larvae of L. exigua ;
(7) long series of var. artaxerxes of P. astrarche from Aberdeen ; (8) fine series
of Lobophora hexapterala from Bexley ova ; and (9) short series of Eupitkecia
togata and E. venosata from N. Wales. Mr. Tonge, a photograph of a pear stem
with a ring of ova of Malacosoma neustria. Mr. South, for Rev. W. Ciaxton, an
Aglais urticse with nearly the whole fore-wings whitish in ground colour ; and for
Mr. Hayward, a Cerastis ligula (spadiceaj, with the left antenna duplicatedj but
both shorter than that on the right. Mr. Brown, a living Mantis rellgiosa from
S. E. France. Mr. MacArthur, a Mygale avicularia from S. America, and an
unusually large Sirex gigas from Mus Tor, Dartmoor. Mr. Barnett, short series

1906.] 279

of E. rectamjulata from Welling, all dark forms, and of Hyria muricata from
Wanborough. Mr. West (Greenwich), short series of the until recently very rare
Apions, A. astragali and A. savguineuw, from Oxford. Mr. Edwards, pupa of
Mandnca atropos from Shooter's Hill. Dr. Chapman, specimens of L. argus
{xgon) from N. W. Spain, very large, pale beneath, with fine red borders above.
Mr. Adkin, a series of somewhat suffused specimens of Acronycta leporina bred
from Abbott's Wood larva). Mr. Kaye, several broods of Hemerophila ahruptaria
from dai'k parents, and gave results of the breeding. Mr. Turner read a paper,
" Further Notes on the genus ColeopJiora" und showed life-histo'-ies of C.badii-
pennella, C. gryphipennella, C. artemislella, C. argentula, and C. geni.stx.—RY. J.
TURNEK, Ron. Secretary.

Entomological Society oe London : Wednesday, October I7fh, 1U06. —
Mr. F. Merrifield, President, in the Chair.

Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe showed living specimens of the beetle Mononychus
pseudacori, and seed-capsules of Iris foetidissima containing further examples,
found at Niton, Isle of Wight, where the species occurred commonly. Mr. A. H.
Jones, specimens of Pieris napi, var. bryonise, Argynnis thore, Erebia glacialis ab.
pinto, a small form of Lycxna arion from Arosa, Switzerland, at 6C00 ft. ; a variety
of Melanargia galatea in which the dark patch on the under-side of the hind-
wings was much enlarged, and two varieties of Argynnis niub^ ? , one very pale,
the other of a bluish copper colour, taken on the Splugen Pass in July last ; also
specimens from other localities for comparison, Mr. W. J. Kaye, a fine example of
the re/narkable moth Draconia rusina, Druce, from Trinidad. The species bears
a wonderful resemblance to a decayed dead leaf, the patches on the wings suggesting
the work of some leaf-mining insect. Mr. E. M. Dadd, a number of Noctuids
common to the British Isles and Germany, and remarking on the insular racial
characters of some British Lepidoptera as compared with the predominant form
occurring on the continent of Europe, pointed that whereas England was the home
of many dark races, e.g., Polia chi, v. olivacea, Amphidasys betularia, v. double-
dayariu, the dark forms of S. abruptaria, P. pedaria, &c., and it was all the more
curious that in the 22 species of Noctux under review, the tendency was always for
the English form to be lighter and the continental darker. Dr. F. A. Dixey, speci-
mens of Ixias baliensis, Friihst., and Huphina nerissa, Fabr., from the Island of
Bali, Malay Archipelago, observing that if his conclusions were well founded, the
associations between the two must necessarily be Miillerian and not Batesian.
Mr. S. A. Neave, a number of Lepidoptera selected from the collection made by
him in N. E. Rhodesia, in 1904 and 1905, compi-ising the following rare and
remarkable species : — Melaniiis libya. Distant ; Liptena homeyeri, Dewitz ; Pentila
peucetia. Hew. : Catochrysops gigantea, Trim. ; Crenis pechueli, Dewitz, and Crenig
rosa. Hew., which are evidently two distinct species ; and Crenidomimas concordia,
HopfP., the mimic of the last two species. Also two remarkable species of the
genus ^/>Aa'M*— including the female, so rart^y taken in this genus — Acrxa natalica,
Boisd., and Acrsea anemosa, Hew., with two remarkable moths showing a close

280 t December, 1906.

mimetic resemblance to them. The exhibitor stated that his collection should
prove interesting as regards seasonal forms, especially in the Acrniiiife and Pierinae,
of which he showed an additional example.— H. Kowland Brown, Ron. Secretary.

Wednesday, November 1th, 1906. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. Grerard H. Grurney, Keswick Hall, Norwich ; Mr. Harold Armstrong Fry,
P.O. Box 46, Johannesburg, Transvaal Colony ; Mr. Frederick Albert Mitchell-
Hedges, 42, Kensington Park Gardens, London, W. ; Mr. Grordon Merriman,
Trinity Hall, Cambridge ; Mr. Percy A. H. Muschamp, 20, Chemin des Asteres,
Geneva; and Mr. Oswin S. Wickar, Crescent Cottage, Cambridge Place, Colombo;
were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. W. J. Lucas exhibited a photograph of Panorpa germanica, practically
immaculate, taken by Mr. E. A. Cockayne in Sutherlandshire, and a typical form
for comparison, corresponding appar«ntly to the borealis of Stephens. He also
showed other species of the genus to illustrate the range of spotting on the wings
of both sexes. Mr. G. C. Champion, a long series of a Heiiicopus (probably
M. spiniger, Duval) from El Barco, Galicia, Spain, to demonstrate the dimorphism
of the females : one form having wholly black hairs, and the other wholly white
(sometimes with a few black ones intermixed), the males showing no variation in
this respect. Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe, seven specimens of Prionocyphon .serri-
cornis, Miill., bred from larvae taken in the New Forest in July, living larvae, and
a larva and pupa figured of the same, and read a note on the species. Dr. T. A.
Chapman, a collection of butterflies, made in Galicia last July, including Lycxna
idas, hitherto reported only from the Sierra Nevada. It occuin-ed at an elevation of
4500 to 5000 feet, and only where there grew a species of Erodium ; also specimens
of L. astrarche from practically the same ground for comparison, and L. argus {segon)
from the same district. These, while very close to the vars. hypochiona and
bejarensis, differ, however, in a certain proportion of the specimens presenting the
red of the marginal " peacock eyes " on the upper surface of the hind-wings of the
males. The Hon. N. C. Rothschild, branches of Viburnum lantana showing the
mines of Sesia (Mgeria) andreniformis, now discovered bj him as the food-plant
of the species in Britain for the first time. Mr. E. Dukinfield Jones, two species
of moths of the Brazilian genus Molipa, identical in appearance, bred from widely
different larvae. He also showed photographs of the larvae in situ. The President
mentioned a bug, Heterotoma merioptera, Scop., which Mr. Cecil Floersheim had
found very destructive to the eggs of Papilio machaon and P. asterias in his open-
air butterfly house. He said that it was remarkable to find that one of the Capsidx
was a carnivorovis species. Dr. F. A. Dixey, specimens of Pierine butterflies to
illustrate the various conditions under which white pigment might be replaced
by black. He said that in his opinion melanism, though it might arise as a
variation or sport, owed its establishment to the principle of selective adaptation. —
H. Rowland-Beown, Hon. Secretary.

END OF VOL. XVII (Second Seeies).

iNTRIBUTORS

SNERAL Index

'ECiAL Index—
Apbiiniptera
Coleoptera . . .

Diptera

Hemiptera ..
Hyraenopter;\

INDEX.

PAGE

Special Index (continued)—

Lepidoptera

Neuroptera

Orthoptera

Genera and Species new to Britain xir

,, ,, Science xv

EXPLAWATION OF PlATES ^Vl

XI

xiii
xiii

Errata

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.

Ldams, F,
Ldkiu, R.

C, F.Z.S.
F.E.S. ...

IIG, 140, 233,

257
274

Andrews, E. C. and F. W 224

Vrnold, G

ittlee, H. G

Bagiiall, R. S., F.E.S. .

Bankes, E. R.,

Bayford, E. G.
Beare, Prof. T.

M.A.
64,

273

13

.36, 140, 159, 210,
229, 256

F.E.S. ...6, 28,41, 63,
101, 138, 139, 143, 274
179, 180, 267

Hudson, B.Sc,
F.R.S.E.

, &C....40;

Bedwell, E. C, F.E.S

Bell, T. R

Bignell, G. C, F.E.S

Black, J. E., F.E.S

Bloomfield, Rev. E. N., M.A., F.E.S.

77
12
121
275
155

42,
116

Bower, B. A., F.E.S

Bryant, G. E

Butler, E. A.. B.Sc, F.E.S

Burr, M., B.A., F.E.S

Carter, A. E. J

Champion, G. C, F.Z.S... .86, 136^
Chapman, T. A., M.D., F.Z.S

Chawner, Miss Ethel F., F.E.S.
Chitty, A. J., M.A., F.E.S

Collin, J. E., F.E.S

Coward, T. A., F.Z.S

Crawshay, Rev. G. A., F.E.S

Dale, C. W., F.E.S

Day, F. H., F.E.S

delaGarde, P. H.,R.N., F.E.S.

Dobson, H. T., F.E.S

138,

274

180

168

112

181

255, 272

..14, 100,
233, 243

229

115, 148,
160, 212

177

233

46

16,42

61

180,

230, 231

34

PAGE

.40, 41

Donisthorpe, H. St. J., F.Z.S.

Durrant, J. H., F.E.S 196

Eaton, Rev. A. E., M.A., F.E.S. ...96, 115

Elliman, E. G 1^7

Evans, W 140,232

Fowler, Rev. Canon W. W., D.Sc,

M.A., F.L.S 98

Freer, R.,M.D 65

Frisby, G. E 90,180,214

Gardner, Willoughby, F.L.S 213, 214

Girningham, C. T 115

Green, E. C, F.E.S 129

Grimshaw, P. H., F.E.S 8, 72

Guermonprez, H. L. F

Hamm, A. H

Harwood, P

Horvath, Dr. G

Image, Selwyn, M.A., F.E.S

Jacobs, Lieut. J. J., R.E

Jennings, F. B,, F.E.S

Johnson, Rev. W. F., M.A., F.E.S.

Jones, A. H.,'F.E.S 170

Joy, N. H., M.R.C.S., F.E.S 1, 39

.. 57
.. 273
.. 87
.. 33
.. 13
.. 211
... 138
13, 89

.211,

90, 99, 156,
Keys, J. H., F.E.S.
Knaggs, H. G., M.D.

Lewis, G., F.L.S

Luff, W. A., F.E.S

Malloch,J.R 41,233,257,

Mansbridge, W., F.E.S.
Morice, Rev.

40,
271

180, 198, 237, 256

137

160

255

42

276

277

D., M.A., F.E.S. ...30, 79,
80, 130, 206, 214, 216, 246

Morley, C, F.E.S 106,211,229

Mortimer, C. H

Morton, K. J., F.E.S

...65,

Nevinson,

E.B., F.E.S..

146, 162,
181, 270
90

u.

PAGE

Newbery, E. A S7

Nicholson, G. W., M.A., B.C 230

Petersen, Esben 251

Porritt, G. T., F.L.S 42, 66, 91, 281

Prout, L. B., F.E.S 172

Eendel, S. G 273

Renter, Prof. 0. M., Hon. F.E.S Ill

Rothney, G. A. J., F.E.S 14, 257

Rothschild, Hon. N. C, M.A., F.L.S... 59,

160, 221, 257

Rowland-Brown, H., M.A., F.E.S. ...20, 70,

94, 119, 142, 167, 260, 279

Saunders, E., F.R.S 60, 151, 172, 202

Saunders, G. S 215

Sharp, D., M.A., M.B., F.R.S 220

Sharp, W. E., F.E.S 38, 56

Smith, Percy C 211

Sopp, E. J. B., F.E.S. ...17, 44, 68, 93, 117

PAGE

Sweeting, H. R 277

Taylor, J. K. 13, 63, 90, 272

Thurnall, A 180,211

Tomlin, J. R. le B., M.A., F.E.S. ...17, 44,

68, 93, 117, 150

Turner, H. J., F.E.S.. ..18, 68, 93, 118, 141,

167, 185, 235, 259, 279

Venour, S 258

Wainwriafht, C. J., F.E.S 44,68, 117,

165, 184

Walker, J. J., M.A., R.N., F.L.S. ...22, 50,
157, 182, 230, 258, 273

Walsing-ham, Rt. Hon. Lord, M.A.,
LL.D., F.R.S 169, 196, 232

Waterston, J., B.D., B.Sc 269

West, W 274

Whittaker, Oscar 138

Wingate, Rev. W. J 110, 215

Wood, J. H., M.B 186, 262

GENERAL INDEX.

PAGE

Aetophorus impevialis. Germ., in Kent ... .. ... ... ... ... 230

Agrion armatum, Hejer, Nole on ... ... .. ... ... ... 181

Amara anthobia, further notes on the capture of, tind the comparative

morphology of A. familiaris witli A anlhobia and A. lucida, Duft., 46;

in the London district ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 13

Andrena lapponica, Zett., near Leith Hill, 180; in North Wales ... ... 213

Anisotoma lunicollis, Rye, in the Isle of Sheppey ... ... ... .. 159

Anisotomidse, &c., at Oxford ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 273

Antichira, Esch., A. new species of ... ... ... ... ... ... 98

Antipodean Field Notes, III 22,50

Apan teles formosus, Wesm. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 275

Apatura iris reared from a forced oviposition ... ... ... ... ... 22-J

Apion limonii, Kirby, in its original locality ... ... ... ... ... 229

Apparatus for collecting small Arthropods ... ... ... ... ... 86

Arctiid, A new British (with figure) ... ... ... ... ... ... 100

Argyresthia illuminatella, Zell., in Britain ... ... ... ... ... 63

Aristotelia lucidella, Steph., 211, 232; palustrella, Dgl., Descriptions of the

larva and pupa ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 14.3

Athalia Scutellaria in Cheshire ... ... ... ... ; .. ... ... 233

Atholus (Hister) duodecimstriatus, Schrk., 1781, and quatuordecimstriatus,

Gyll., 1806 255

Blastotere glabratella, Zeller, a species taken for the first time in England ... 169

Bracon, Notes on the Hymenopterous genus ... ... ... ... ... 106

British Association, Entomology at the forthcoming meeting of the 140

Buckinghamshire Coleoptera ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 38

Butterfly passenger, A ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 42

Calosoma sycophanta, L., in the New Forest ... ... ... ... 159,229

m.

PAGE

Cardiophorus erichsoni, Buyss., in Lundy Island ... ... ... ... 156

Carida affinii', Payk., a beetle new to Britain ... ... ... ... ... 220

Carpoplnlus sespustulatus, F., restored to the British list ... ... ... 179

Cateremna terebrelia, Zk., in Surrey ... ... ... ... ... ... 180

Catoptria aspidiseana, Hb.. in Kent ... ... ... ... ... ... 274

Ccratophyllus insularis, sp. nov., A new Britisli Flea (with a Plate) ... ... 59

Chrysomela cerealis, L., on Snowdon ... ... ... ... ... ... 63

Coccidae, Formalin as a re-ajrent in the preparation of ... ... .. ... 129

Colcoptera, nuckinij;hamshire, 38 ; in Cumberland, 61 ; in Devon, 230 ;
Melanic, in S. Devon, 137; Fair Isle, N. Britain, 77 ; Notes on Irish,
11, 89 ; in Kent, bird's nest, 115 ; of Lundy Island, 1 ; in the nests of
mammals and birds, 198, 237 ; from old birds' nests, 39 ; from a wine
cellar, 40 ; in the Newbury district, 87 ; imported into our northern
ports, 36; of the Oxford district, 157 ; Further records of Suffolk, 12;
in Sherwood Forest, June, 1906, 272 ; at Woking during past summer,

255 ; Yorkshire, at Kdlington and Wadsworth Woods ... ... ... 180

Crabro carbonarius in the South of Scotland ... ... ... ... ... 232

Cryptoliypnus pulchellns, L. ... ... ... ... ... •• ••• 155

Cubocephalus nigriventris, Th , parasitic on Tetropiura ... ... ... 41

Dale, Collections of the late C. W 115,182

Deilephila lirornica, Esp., at Woking 211

Devon, Coleoptera in ... ... ... ... ... .•• ••• ••• 230

Diptera, association of, with Lepidopterous larvae, 258 ; a correction, 140 ;
in Dumbartonshire, 1905, 41 ; in the New Forest, 116; in Scotland in

1905 181

Douglas, J. W., Further note on 16

Dragon flies in Norfolk, Rare 34

Drilus flavescens, Rossi, ?, and its larva 267

Editorial 50

Empis hyalipennis, Fin., in Dumbartonshire 257

Ephemera (danica, Miill. ?), male imago coupling with female subiraago ... 258
Epiblema (Psedisca) sordidana, Hb., with descriptions of the larva and pupa,

101; a correction ... ... ... .• ••■ ••• •■• ••• 139

Eumicrus rufus, Miill., at Hendon 138

Eupithecia consignata, Bork. : a correction 274

Euplectus tomlini, sp. n., a beetle new to Britain 99

Epursea angustula, Er., in the Northumberland and Durham district, 159 ;

parvula, Er., and its pabulum 229

Fairmaire, The, Collection 211

Fleas, Some new exotic ... ... •• ■•• •■• ••• ••• ••• 2ll

Formalin as a re-agent in the preparation of some soft bodied Coccidae ... 121
Formicoxenus nitidulus, Nyl., in the Northumberland and Durham district,

140; ^ as British 210

Gall, A new bug inhabitant from Bengal 33

Gastrophilus nasalis, L., in the New Forest, 233 ; a correction 257

Gerris canalium, Duf. = najas of authors ••• 13S

Gyrinus urinator, 111., in the New Forest 273

Halesus guttatipennis in Derbyshire and Lincolnshire, 91 ; radiatus in the

Isle of Man, unusual dates for 66

PAGE

Halictus freygessiieri, Alfk., in North Wales ... ... ... ... ... 214

Harpalus honestus, Dufts., at Box Hill ... ... ... ... ... ... 274

Hastula hyerana, Progressive melanism in (with plate) ... ... ... 243

Helopeltis, A new Ethiopian species of ... ... .. ... ... ... HI

Hemerobius, on certain Palseai-ctic species of ; the Madeira-Canarian species

allied to huniuli, and other species from the same Islands ... ... 146

^ Hemiptera at Deal ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 163

Henoticus serratus, G-yll., in IN". Wales ... ... ... ... ... ... 90

lleriades truncorum, Linn., near Chobliam ... .. ... ... ... 214

Holopararaecus caularura, Aube, in the Isle of Sheppey ... ... ... 230

Hydrotsea, Dsv., British species of ... ... ... ... ... ... 8, 72

Hymenoptera, Aculeata, Additions and corrections to the list of British since
1896, 151, 172, 202 ; from Burgos, Old Castile, collected during the
total eclipse of the sun, Aug. 30, 1905, 96 ; at Fillans, &c., Perthshire,
14, 257; near Hastings, 90 ; near Holrawood, Surrey, 232; at Lyme
Regis, 90 ; in the New Forest, Cornwall, &c, 275 ; taken by Co). Yer-

bury, R.A., in Scotland, 1905 60

Indian Butterflies, Observations on ... ... ... ... ... ... 121

Irish Coleoptera, Notes on ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 11

Kent, bird's nest beetles in ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 115

Lathrobium elongatum, L., v. nigrum, var. nov., 271 ; Itevipeiuie, Heer, An

addition to the list of British Coleoptera... ... ... ... ... 55

Leiocampa dictseoides, Esp., Retarded emergence of ... ... ... 41,65

Lepidoptera of the Balearic Islands, Notes on, 170 ; Observations on Indian
Butterflies, 121 ; Heterocera from Majorca, collected by A. H. Jones,
Esq., 1905, 172 ; Mutilated, 180 ; Revision of the nomenclature of

Micro-, 196; Suffolk, in 1905 85

Lepidopterous larvae, Association of Diptera with ... ... ... ... 258

liBucania favicolor, Barrett, in the Isle of Sheppey ... ... ... ... 211

Limnophilus elegans in the Isle of Man ... ... ... ... ... ... 43

Lundy Island, Coleoptera of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1

[Lygseus equestris, L., in the Isle of Sheppey ... ... ... ... ... 258

Lytta vesicatoria, L., in the Isle of Wight ... ... ... ... ... 180

Medon castaneus, Grav., at Q-uildford ... ... ... ... ... ... 272

Megacronus formosus, Q-r., as British ... ... ... ... ... ... 40

Melanic Coleoptera in South Devon ... ... ... ... ... ... 137

Melanism in Fidonia atomaria, 231 ; progressive in Hastula hyerana (with

plate) 243

Mesophleps silacellus, Hb.,a Lepidopterous genus and species new to Britain.. 28

Microglossa marginalis and other bird's nest beetles in Kent ... ... ... 115

Microptilium pulchellum, All., frem Berkshire ... ... ... ... ... 180

Mimetic resemblance between Labia minor and Lithocharis ochracea ... ... 137

Mutilated Lepidoptera ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 160

Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouche, on Helianthemum vulgare ... ... ... 233

Neolobophora, Scudder, Note on the genus ... ... ... ... ... 112

Neuroptera from North Uist ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 162

New Forest, Diptera in ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 116

Nomada solidaginis, The Host of 90, 115, 140

V.
PAGE

Norfolk, Rare Dragonflies in 34

Obituaries:— Dale, Charles William, F.E.S., 91; Fairmaire, Leon, 141;
Fox, Rev. E. C. Dobree, M.A., 141 ; Greene, Rev. Joseph, M.A., F.E.S.,
66 ; Button, Capt. Frederick Wollaston, F.R.S., 66 ; Xenipny, Dr.

Peter, 184; Osten Saeken, Baron Charles Robert v. d 234

Odonata, Otto Frederick Miiller's description of Danish ... ... ... 251

Odynerus reniformis, Grmel., Nidification of, near Chobham ... ... ... 216

Otiorrhynchus uiori, F., v. ebeninus, G-yll., in Scotland, 272 ; rugifrons, Gyll.,

in Miller's Dale 13

Oxford district, Coleoptera of ... ... ... ... ... ... ••• 157

fOxyearenus lavat.erge,F.,an Hemipteron infesting lime trees on Lago Maggiore 215
Porinephele lancealis, Sehifp , in the Isle of Purbeck ... ... ... ... 138

Phalonia manniana, F.R., in the Isle of Purbeck ... ... ... ... 64

Phora, The British Species of, Part I, 186, 262 ; cubitalis, a species new to
the British list, 233 ; a new species of, and four others new to the
British list, llU; opaca, Mg., and Phora perennis, Mg.,177; pupillata,
Wingate, a correction, 215 ; sordida, Zett., in Dumbartonshire ... 276

Polia flavicincta Fab., var. meridionalis, Bdv., in South Devon ... ... 139

I'olietes hirticrura, Meade, ? ... .. ... ... ... ••. .•• 269

Ponera contracta, Latr., Notes on tlie habits of ... ... ... ... ... 212

Procas armillatus, F., near Dartt'ord ... ... ... •.• 138

Proctotrypidse, On ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ••. •.. 160

Pseudisobrachium cantianum A species of Hethylinae (Proctotrypidoe) new to

Science ... ... ... ... ... ... •.• •.• •.• 148

Ptinus tectus, Boield., in Scotland ... ... ... ■.• ••. ••■ 40

Quedius longicornis, Ivr., in Suffolk, 211 ; nigrocoeruleus, Rey, from Norfolk,

90; riparius, Kelln., ill Derbyshire ... ... ... ... •.• 63

Reuterella helvimacula, Enderl., A new genus and species to the list of British
Psocidae, and the discovery of its hitherto unknown male (with a

plate) 57

Reviews :— A Natural History of the British Butterflies, their world wide
variation and geographical distribution. A Text Book for Students
and Collectors, by J. W. Tutt, F E.S., 16; The Victoria History of the
Counties of England ; A History of Sussex Insecta. Edited by Herbert
Goss, F.L.S., 92 ; Twenty-ninth Annual Report and Proceedings of the
Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society, Session 1905, 92 ;
Beitrage zur Metamorphose der Trichopteren (Acta Societatis pro
Fauna et Flora Fennica, 27, No. 6 ; Helsingfors, 1905). Zur Kenntnis
der Trichopteren-faun avon Tvarminne (Zeitschrift fiir Palmen.No. 14 ;
Helsingfors, 19U5). Trichopterologische Untei'suchungen : I. Uberden
Laich der Trichopteren (Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 28,
No. 4; Helsingfors, 1906), A. J. Silfvenius, 163; The Butterflies of
the British Isles, By Richard South, F.E.S., 183 ; Report of the Hope
Professor of Zoology for 1905. Edited by Prof. Edward B. Poulton,
D.Sc, M.A., F.R.S., 183 ; Melanism in Yorkshire Lepidoptera, 258 ;
A Preliminary List of Durham Diptera, with Analytical Tables by

the Rev. W. J. Wingate 276

Revision of the Nomenclature of Micro-Lepidoptera (cont.) 196

Rhizophagus cribratus, Gyll., in the Derwent Valley, 256 ; parallelocoUis, Er.,

taken in a grave, 256 ; perforatus, Er., attracted by putrid meat ... 231

PAGE

Rhyacopliila muiida, McL., and Halesus gutlfilipoiinis, McL., in Scolland ... 65

Sesia andrenifornis bred ... ... ... ... ... ... ... •• 160

Sibinia sodalis, Germ., and Apion filirostre, Kirby, in Dcvonsliirt,; ... ... 180

Piplionaptera, Type? of, in the Daleian Collection, 182 ; Some new exotic ... 221

Sitaris muralis, Forst., near Oxford ... ... ... ... ... ... 273

Smicrus filiformis, Fairm., at Bradfield ... ... ... ... ... ... 40

SociETlKS : — Birminglmm Fntomolosical Society, 44, 68, 117, 165, 184; Ento-
mological Society of London, 20, 70, 94-, 119, 142, lfi7, 26o, 279; Lanca-
sliire &Cheshire'EntomologicalSocielv, 17, 44, 68, 93, 117,277; South

London Entomological Society 18, 68, 93, 118, 141, 167, 185, 235, 259, 278

Spliecodes subquadratus, Sm., burrowing ... ... ... ... ... 214

Stenus kiesenwetteri, Rosenh., &c., at Chobham ... ... ... ... 136

Sterrha sacraria, L., in tlie Isle of Purbeck, Re-occurrence of ... .. ... 64

Suffolk Coleoptera 12

Tachyusa concolor, Habits of ... . . ... ... ... ... ... 256

Tenthredinidae, Help Notes towards the determination of British (12), 30 79;
(13), 80; (14), 130; (15), 206; (16), 216; Note on some of the

scarcer ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 116

Tetropium, Cubocephalus nigriventris, Th., parasitic on ... ... ... 41

Thyamis curta, All., as a British insect ... ... ... ... ... 87, 137

Tortrix pronubana, Hb., 42 ; Notes on, 6; at Eastbourne, 13; in Gruernsey,
42; reared from British larvae, ^74; unifasciata, Dup., a domestic

tragedy 139

Trisenodes reuteri, McLach. : a species of Trichoptera new to Britain ... 270

Ti'igonogenius globulum at Tottenham ... ... ... ... ... ... 115

Victoria History of Sussex, a correction ... ... ... ... ... ... 78

Xanthandrus comtus, Harris, Food and habits of ... ... ... ... 14

Yorkshire, Uncommon beetles at Edlington and Wadswortli Woods ... ... 180

SPECIAL INDEX

APHANIPTERA. (

PAGE I

Ceratophyllus ahahe, echidna', 221 ; gal-
linuUe, 182; hiUi, 221 ; insularis, 51)f
mnstehe, 182 ; uova'guineai, robin-

soni, rothschildi, woodwardi 221 "'

Chtetopsylla homu3us, 222 ; lasius 223'^

Hystrichopsylla talpaj 199

Pulex cuniculi 182

Pygiopsylla colossus 221

Typhlopsylla sorecis 182

COLEOPTERA.

Acanthocinus a-dilis 37, 62

Acantholophus marshami 24

Acroguathus maudibularis 256

PAGE

Acrulia inflata 159 \)\

Actobius cinerascens, procerulus, signa^

ticornis 88 "^ I

Acupalpus brunuipes, dorsalis 137

Aetophorus imperialis 230

Agathidium uigripenne 158, 272

Agaricophagus cephalotes 88

Aglenus brunneus

Agrilus australasiie

Aleochara cimiculorum, 4, 12 ; spadicea
202 ; .succicola -1

Amara anthobia, 13, 46 ; continua

Araphicyllus globus

Amphotis marginata

Anaspis garneysi 230

Auitys rubeus 272

Anisotoma cinnamomea, litura, 273 ; luni-
coUis, 169; rugosa, 88, 273; triep-
kei 158, 273

138
25

242

4

272

256

PAGE

Anomraatus 12-striatus 40

Anoplogiiatlius velutinus, 25 ; viridiajueus 20

jAntherophagus silaceus 256

I Anthocomus rufus 88

lAntichira neviusoni (sp. n.), Fowler 98

[Aphanisticiis pusillus 88

Aphueope sericata 25

Aphodins pusillus 88

Apion astragali, 159 ; atomariiim, 39,
88 ; conflneus, 62 ; cruentatum, 5,
88 ; filirostre, 180 ; flavimauum, 38 ;
limonii, 229 ; pallipes, 39 ; stolidum 158

Asemum striatum .. 88

Aspidiphorus orbiculatus 272

Atholus duodecim-striatus 255

Athous rhombeus 272

Atomaria fimetarii, &c 158

Axinotarsus ruficollis 88

Badister sodalis 38, 87, 89

Baris lepidii 159

Bembidium monticola, 230 ; nigricorne,
61 ; obliquum, 136; prasinum, schiip-

peli, stomoides, testaceum 61

Bibloporus bicolor 158

Blaps gages 37

Bledius erraticus, 11 ; femoralis, 136,

256; fuscipes, pallipes 11

Bradycellus collaris, 61 ; placidus 87, 157

Bryaxis helferi 12

Byrrhus dorsalis 158

Bytbiuus burrelli, 38 ; curtisi, 231 ; gla-

bratus, 212 ; securiger 237

Callicerus obscurus 61

Callidium variabile 272

Calodera riparia 136, 157

Calosoma sycophanta 37, 159, 229

Carcinops 14-striata 158

Cardiophorus erichsoui 156

Caridaaffiuis 220

Carpophagus bauksia; 23, 27

Carpophilus sexpustulatus 179

Cetonia aurata 5

Ceuthorrhynchidius dawsoui, 5 ; horri-

dus, 39 ; terminatus 88, 159, 273

Ceuthorrhynchus contractus, var. palli-
pes, 5 ; euphorbije, 88, 159 ; reseda-,

88; setosus, viduatus 159

Cba'tocnema sahlbergi 13

Choleva colonoides, 39, 115, 242 ; inter-
media, 158 ; spadicea, 38, 230 ;

wilkini 38

Chrysolophus spectabilis 25

Cbrysomela bauksi, 5 ; cerealis, 63 ;

didymata, 273 ; gccttingensis, 231 ;

hyperici, varians 5

Ciciudela germauica 231

Cisseis 12-maculata, 24; similis, &c. ... 26

Cistela ceramboides 272

Claviger foveolatus ' 158

Coccinella distincta 258

Colon serripes, 158, 256 ; vieunense, 88,

273; zebei 273

Conop ilpus testaceus 256

Corticaria fulva 40

Corymbites teneus, 272 ; metallicus, tes-

sellatus 158

Cryptarcha strigata 12

Cryptocephalus coryli 272

C ryptoby pnus pulchellus 155

Cryptophagus bicolor, 38; populi 12, 256

Curis aurifera, caloptera 53

Cymindis axillaris 12

Cyria imperialis 27

Dasytes niger 88

Deinopsis erosa 158

Diaphonia dorsalis 53

Diglotta sinuaticollis 61

Dinarda dentata, markeli 255

Distichocera macleayi, &c 54

Douacia comari, crassipes, 88 ; impressa,

obscura, 62 ; sparganii 88

Dorcatoma chrysomelina 272

Drilus flavescens 267

Dromius sigma 12

Dryocoetes alni, autograpbus 37

Dyschirius impuuctipeunis 11

Elater elongatulus, 88, 158 ; saugiiino-

lentus 88

Encephalus complicans 238

Enochrus bicolor 12

Epura^a angustula, 159 ; longula, &c.,

160; parvula 229

Erirrhinus bimaculatus, 159 ; scirpi 13

Eroscliema poweri 54

Eubria palustris 158, 231

Eubrychius velatus 13

Euconnus hirticollis 158

Eumicrns rufus 138

Euplectus ambiguus, 62 ; miuutissimus,

158 ; nanus, punctatus, 39 ; tomlini

(sp. n.), Joy 99, 242

Eupoecila australasise 63

Euryporus picipes 38

VIU.

PAGE

Germarica casuarinae 27

Gnathoncus nauuetensis 158

Gnypeta coerulea 61

Gymnetron rostellum, 231 ; villosulns, 13, 88

Gymnusa brevicollis 136

Gyrinus elongatus, 12 ; uriuator 273

Gyrophaena strictula 39

Hallomenns humeralis 256

Hapalartea pygnuta 39, 158, 243

Haplocnenius impressus 88, 159, 272

Harpalus azureus, var. similis, 157 ; hon-

estus, 4, 274 ; tardus 4

Henoticus serratus 90

Heptaulacus villosus 88

Hesthesis f erruginea, mnrina 54

Heterothops nigra, 199 ; prsevia, 231 ;

quadripimctula 158

Hister merdarius 39, 242

Hololepta sydnensis 24

Holoparamecus canlarum 230

Homalota c;«sula, 157 ; currax, &c., 61 ;
dilaticornis, 157 ; divisa, 88, 256 ; .."
hnmeralis, 88 ; languida, 256 ; par-
adoxa, 200 ; paveiis, 136, 230 ; splen-

dens 157, 256

Hydaticiis transversalis 12

Hydnobius perrisi, 231 ; pimctatissimus,

158, 231 , 273 ; strigosus 256

Hydrophilus piceiis 12

Hypera suspiciosa 13, 159

Hyperaspis reppensis 4,88, 136

Hypocyptus ovulum , 40 ; pnnctnm 62

Ilyobates nigricollis 230, 238

Ips 4-punctata 158

Ischnodes sanguinicoUis 39

Ischnoglossa prolixa 12

Lamprinus saginatus 158

Latheticus oryzai 13

Lathridius bergrothi 38, 40

Lathrobium angnstatum, filiforme, punc-
tatum, 158 ; elongatum v. nigrum

(var. n.), 271 ; la'vipenne 55

Lebia chlorocephala 38, 87, 157

Leptinus testaceus 230

Leptops hopei, tribulus 25

Licinus silphoides 157

Limnius tuberculatus 87

Liodes orbicularis 272

Liosoma oblongulum 38

Litodactylus leucogaster 13

Lomechusa etrumosa 255

1

PAGE

Lougitarsus agilis, 88 ; castaneus, 13 ;
curtus, 87, 137 ; dorsalis, 88 ; holsa-
ticus, 62, 88; pulex, pusillus, 39;

tabidus

Lymna'um nigropiceum. ^•''

Lytta vesicatoria 180

Mantura chrysauthemi, 5 ; matthewsi,

273; obtusata 02

Mecinus circulatus 88

Medon apicalis, 88 ; brunneus, 38 ; cas-
taneus 272

Megacronus cingulatus, 88, 158, 256 ;

f ormosus 40

Melauophthahna distinguenda 5

Melasis buprestoides 180

Meligethes obscurus 4

Microglossa gentilis, 39, 241 ; marginalis,

39, 115, 240 ; pulla 39, 240

Micropoecila cincta 24, 53

Microptilium pulcheUum 180

Microvalgus lapeyrousei 53

Mplorchus minor 88

Monohammus sartor, sutor, titillator 37

Mordellistena abdominalis 88

Mycetochares bipustulata 272

Mycetophagus mnltipunctatus 13

Mycetoporus punctus 88, 158

Myrmacicelus f ormicarius 25

Myrmedonia laticollis, lugens 255

Nascio multissima 25

Neurapbes angulatus, 238 ; longicollis,

158; rubicundus 39,242

Nitidula rufipes 158

Notiophilus rufipes 272

Obrida f ascialis 54

Ocypus compressus, 272 ; fuscatus, similis 61

Ocyusa incrassata, 61, 88 ; maura, 61 ;

picina 88

Odontaeus mobilicornis 256

Olibrus pygmajus 158

Oncomera f emorata 231

Oodes helopioides 157

Orchestes ilicis, var. nigripes, 63; iota... 88

Orobitis cyaneus 5

Ortbocerus muticus 4

Orthochaites setiger 212

Orthoperus atomarius 40

Otiorrhynchus blandus, 78 ; morio, v.

ebeninus, 272 ; rugifrons 13

Oxytelus f airmairei 272

Pachydissus sericeus 25

Pffiderus caligatus 12

Panaga3us quadripustulatus 157

PAGE

Paropsis sexpustulata, &c 20

Pediacus dennestoides 158, 272, 2/3

Pentarthrum huttoui 40

Penthea vermicnlaria 25

Philonthus fumarins, 12 ; funugatus, 38 ;

fuscus, 39, 115, 241 ; lepidus, 11 ;

liicens 136

Phyllocharis cyanicornis 20

Phytobins muricatus 62

Phytcecia cylindrica 88

Platyderus nificollis 12

Platynaspis luteorubra 158

Platystethus capito, 11 ; niteiis 158

Polydrusus chrysomela, 5 ; confluens,

231; sericeus 88

Procas armillatus 138

Pselaphus dresdensis 62, 88

Pseudopsis sulcata 88

Psylliodes dulcamara^, Inridipennis 5

Ptenidium gressueri 39

Pterostichus anthracinus, inaequalis 157

Ptinustectus 13, 40

Ptomophagus sericatus 231 , 250

Pyropterus affinis 272

Quedius brevicornis, 39, 240 ; brevis,

255 ; fumatns, 38 ; longicornis, 211 ;

mlcrops, 39 ; nigrocceruleus, 90 ;

puncticoUis, 02, 89, 273 ; rii)arius,

03; ventralis, 39 ; vexans 20

Repsimus a?neus, manicatus 26

Ehinomacer attelaboides 88

Rhinoncus bruchoides 39

Rhizophagus cceruleipennis, cribratus,

parallelocollis, 266 ; uitidulus, 272 ;

perforatus 231

Sitaris muralis 273

Saprinus immundus ....: 11

Sibinia sodalis 180

Sitones cambricus, 89; lineellus 62

Smicrus filicornia 40

Sphindus dubius 88

Staphylinus f ulvipes 230

Stenostola ferrea 180

Stenus circularis, 273 ; kiesenwetteri, 88,

136 ; latifrons, 4, 62 ; lustrator, nie-

lanarius, 136 ; ossium, var. insularis

(var. n.) 4

Stigmodera graiidis, &c 52

Sympheletes solandri, 24 ; nigrovirens ... 20

Syncalypta hirsuta 158

Tachjrporus formosus, 4, 158 ; solutus ... 4
Tachypus pallipes 11

IX.

PAGE

Tachynsa atra, 130 ; concolor, 256 ; con-

sti-icta, flavitarsis 136

Telephorus oralis 13

Telocera vvollastoni 54

Tetratonia desmaresti, 88 ; fungorum, 13, 256

Thalycra sericea 158, 256, 272

Thanasimus f ormicarius 88

Thryogenes f estucie, nereis 159

Thyamis curta 87, 137

Tillus elongatus 88

Tomicus laricis 137

Trachyphloens alternans 273

Trachys pumila, 158; troglodytes 88, 158

Tragocerus bideutatus, fasciatus, lepi-

dopterus, spencei 54

Tranes internatus, sparsus 23

Trechus lapidosus 4

Triarthron miirkeli 88, 256

Trigonogenius globuliim 115

Trigonotarsus rugosus ; 24

Tychius 5-lineatus 230

Xantholinus cribripennis, 11 ; glaber ... 243

Xylonychus eucalypti 26

Xylophilus oculatus 272

Xyroscelis crocata 23

DIPTERA.

Alophora hemiptera 78

Anaclina nemoralis 117

Argyra confiuis 41

Atherix marginata 117

Beris geniculata 181

Blepharoptera spectabilis 41

Callicera itnea 116

Carphotricha guttularis 41

Ceratopogon, sp 258

Ceroplatus tipuloides 117

Chilosia bergenstammi, honesta 41

Chrysotus cilipes 41

Corethra plumicornis 181

Ctenophora flaveolata 117

Docosia valida 117

Dolichopus clavipes 181

Ectomus alpinus 41

Empis borealis, 41 ; hyalipennis 257

Gastrophilus nasalis 233

Gloma fuscipennis 181

Grraphomyia picta 182

Gymnopternus celer 41

X.

PAGE
Helomyza ruf a, ustulata 41

Homalomyia monilis 181

Hydromyza livens 117

Hydrota-a armipes, albipuncta, 8 ;
cinerea, 73 ; curvipes, glabricula,
75 ; irritans, 74 ; meteorica, 72 ;
militaris, 9, 41 ; parva, 7Q ; similis,

41 ; tuberculata, 10 ; velutina 73

Hylemyia flavipennis 41, 117

Icterica westermanni 117

Lasiopogou cinctus 117

Leptomorphus walked 117

Liancalus virens 41, 182

Loxocera aristata var . yerLuryi 182

Macrocera angulata, 181 ; centralis 117

Merodon equestris 41

Molophilus appendiculatus 181

Mydii-a longitarsis, vespertiua 41

Parhydra litoralis 41

Pedicia rivosa 117

Pegomyia hajmorrhoum, 41 ; flavipes, 117 ;

latitarsis 41

Phora abdominalis, abbreviata, 195, 265 ;
autumnalis, 193, 265 ; bergeustammi,
196, 265 ; carinifrons, 263 ; citrei-
formis, 264, 266 ; concinna, crassi-
coruis, 195 ; cubitalis, 233 ; curvin-
ervis, 187, 194 ; domestica, 262, 266 ;
dorsalis, 196, 265 ; erythronota, 262 ;
fasciata, 187 ; femorata, 264, 266 ;
fennica, 194, 266 ; formicarum, 187 ;
iucrassata, 263 ; lugubris, 192 ; lutei-
femorata, 191, 265 ; niaculata, 187,
262 ; mordellaria, 263 ; minor, 110 ;
nigricoruis, 110, 178, 192; nudipalpis,
110, 193 ; opaca, 177, 192, 264 ; pal-
posa, 190, 264; papillata. 111, 215;
perennis, 177, 191, 264; ruficornis,
110 ; sordida, 276 ; sublugubris, 192,
265 ; thoracica, 194 ; trinervis, 1 91 ;
umbrimargo, 110 ; unispinosa, 193 ;
urbana, 187, 194 ; vitrea, 191, 265 ;

vitripennis 187, 264, 266

Phortica variegata 117

Platychirus discimanus 41

Platypeza atra, 41 ; picta 182

Platyura atrata, 117 ; semiruf a 140

Plesiastina annulata 117

Polietes hirticrura 269

Porphyrops micans, 4J ; riparia 181

Rhamphomyia spinipes 182

Sceptonia nigra 182

Spilographa alternata, zoe 41

PAGE

Syntormon zelleri 182

Syrphus guttatus 41

Tetragoneura sylvatica 182

Urellia stellata 41

Xauthandrus comtus 14

/^EMIPTERA."^

Aphanus lynceus 163

Beosus luscus 163

Brachysteles parvicornis 163

Coccida^ 129

Helopeltis schoutedeni. Rent. (n. sp.) ... 112

Gerris canalium 138

Lyga'us equestris 258

Mytilaspis pomorum 233

Oxycarenus lavatera; 215

Stephanitis gallarum, Horv. (n. sp.) ... 33

HYMENOPTERA.

Agenia hircana 61

Apanteles formosus 275

Allantus amuenus, omissus 116

Amauronematus leucolenus, vittatus. 135 ;

amplus 136

Andrena lapponica, 180, 213 ; luceus,

ruficrus 232

Athalia Scutellaria; 233

Bombus cullumanus, la>sus 98

Bracon, 106 ; abcissor 109

Ceratina cyanea 232

Crabro aphidum, 232 ; carbouarius, 60,

232 ; pubescens, 232 ; sauudersi, 275 ;

tibialis 61

Cubocephalus uigriventris 41

Ccplioxys mandibularis 276

Didineis lunicoUis 90

Formicoxenus nitidulus 140, 210

Gorytes laticinctus 90

Halictus freygessneri, 214, 232 ; land-

gatus, 232 ; semipunctulatus 90

Heriades truncoruni 214

Lygaaonematus pini, saxeseni 249

Methoca ichneumonides 90, 273

Neurotona flaviveutris 116

PAGE

Nouiada. arinata., 1)1 ; obtiisifroiis, rober-

jeotaua., 275 ; solidagiiiis .. 00, 115, 140

Odynerus reuiformis 216

Pacliynematus zaddachi 207

Pamphilius fulvipennis 110

Panurgus arctos 98

PassaliL'cus moniliconiis 232

Pemphredon wesniaeli 60

Pompilus approximatns, uuicolor, 90, 275 ;

bicolov, wesmaeli 275

Pouera contracta 212

Pristiphora viridana 249

Proctotrypida; 160

Prosopis cornuta, dilatata 232

Pseudisobrachium cantianum (sp. n.) ... 148

Salius affiuis 232

Schizoceros furcatus, gemiuatus 116

Sphecodes subquadratus 214

Stelis aterrima. 91 ; octomaculata, 90,

275; phcooptera 91,232

Teuthredo colon 116

LEPIDOPTEKA.

Abraxas grossulariata, 17 ; var. varleyata 261
Acidalia contiguaria, 17 ; degeueraria,

171, 172 ; emutaria, 85 ; margine-

punctata var., 261; ochrata, 171,

172 ; subsericeata, 85 ; var 201

Acontia luctuosa 171

Acroclita consequana 15

Acronycta alni, 43; leporina var., 17, 69;

ligustri, 200; menyauthidis 259

Adela rufimitrella 86

Adop;ea lineola, thaumas 17

Agrotis agathina, 18, 20 ; ashworthii,

18; helvetina, 120 ; tritici 20

Ancliylopera subarcuana 16

Ancylis derasana 15

Anthocharis geuutia 119

Apatura iris 224

Aporia crat;egi 68

Appias libythea, taprobana 122

Arctia urtica* var 18

Argynnis niobe, var. eris, 95 ; lais 142

Argyresthia atmoriella, 63, 169 ; illumiua-

tella 19,63, 169

Aristotelia lucidella, 211, 232 ; palus-

trella 143

XI.

PAGE

Atella alcippe, phalauta 123

Athyma inariiia, malicsa, selcnophora ... 127

Aveutia flexula 85

Bactra furfuraua 211

Badamia exclamationis 124

Belenois thysa 143

Bibasis sena 127

Blastotere glabratella 169

Boarmia abietaria 19

Bombyx castrensis 85

Bomolocha fontis 236

Brenthis belloua 142

Brephos notlia 167

Callimorpha dominula var 94

Cateremna terebrella 180

Catocala nupta 259

Catopsilia crocale, pyrauthe 122

Catoptria aspidiscana, 274 ; expallidana 17

Cerostoma asperella 22, 43

Cethosia mahratta 125

Charaxes athamas, fabius, 127 ; imna,

122; schreiberi, wardi 127

Chesias rufata 85

Cidaria sagittata 85

Cirrhoedia xerampeliua 44

Cleocoris viminalis 70

Clostera curtula 85

Coleophora adjuuctella, 86 ; obtusella,

260; theriuella 80

Colias palaino, 94 ; philodice 119

Coremia quadrifasciaria 85

C osmopteryx argy rogrammos 197

Crambus contaminellus, 85 ; ericellus ... 168

Cryinodes exulis 119

Cucullia chamomilUe 18

Cymatophora duplaris, 69 ; octogesima... 17

Cynthia saloma 125

Dasycampa rubiginea 141

Deilephila livornica 185, 211, 236

Deiopeia pulchella 171

Depressaria albipuuctella, couteruiinella,

86; emeritella 22

Dicranura bicuspis, 43 ; f urcula 185

Dicrorampha simpliciana 86

Dicycla 00, var. renago 17

Dioryctria abietella 117

Dolescliallia polibete 122

Emmelesia unifasciata 19, 85, 120

Ephestia elutella var. roxburghii, ficulella 85

Epiblema sordidana 101, 139

Epichnopteryx radiella, reticella 86

PAGE

Epinephele ida, jurtina var. hispulla, 171 ;

lycaon 94

Erebia epipsodea, 119 ; lappona 94

Eupithecia consignata, 43, 141, 167, 274;
irriguata, 43 ; pernotata, 70 ; pyg-

niiKata, 75 ; togata 85

Eupa'cilia atricapitana, degreyana, geye-

riana, notulana, roseaua 86

Euralia mima, wahlberghi 168

Euripus consimilis 127

Euthalia garuda, lubentina 127

Fidonia atomaria 231

Gelechia cuneatella, nanella, notatella ... 86

Gonepteryx cleopatra, rhamni 171

Goniodoma limoniella 235

Hadena atriplicis 17

Halpe moorei 127

Hasora chromus 127

Hastula hyerana 14, 243

Heliothis peltigera 141

Herminia cnbralis 85

Hesperia comma 96

Homa^osoma bina?vella, nebulella, sinuella 85
Hybernia marginaria var. fuscata ...166, 167

Hydrelia unca 18

Hypolimnas bolina, misippus 125

Hyponomeiita vigiutipunctella 86

Junonia asterie, 123 ; iphita 125

Kallima horsfieldii, wardi 126

Labdia deliciosella 197

Lampides telicamis 259

Laphygma exigua 141

Larentia multistrigaria 118, 160

Laverna ochraceella 86

Leiocampa dicta>oides 41 , 65

Leucania albipimcta, 17, 141 ; favicolor,
85, 211 ; phragmitidis, 85 ; obsoleta,

44 ; straminea, 85 ; vitellina 141

Leuceronia argia, pharis 261

Leptidia siuapis 171

LithocoUetis sylvella 167

Lithosia stramiueola 85

Lyca'na argiolns, 42 ; icarus var 260

Macaria litur ata 17

Marasirdrcba fauna -■'•"

Margarodes unionalis 171

Melanitis aswa, leda, 121; ismene 122

Mesophleps silacellus 28

Morpho cypris 93

Mycalesis gokhala, 123 ; maudata, mau-

dosa, mineus 122

PAGE

Myelois ceratouiiB var. pryerella 117

Mylothris agathina 143

Noctua castanea, stigmatica 85

Nonagria arundineta, dissohita, neurica.. 94

Notodonta tritophus 16

Nychitona medusa 261

Odoutopera bideutata var. nigra... 18, 21, 259

G^cophora heydeniella, 196 ; lunaris 86

Ophiodes lunaris 237

Pachnobia alpina 16

Papilio agamemnon, 128; dissimilis, 124;
helenus, 128; liomedon, 128; my-
cale, 118; nomius, 124; pammon, I

128 ; panope, 124 ; podalirius, 171 ;

sarpedon, tamilana, telephus 128

Parnara philotas 123

Perinepliele lancealis 138

Peronea aspersana, hastiana, 17; per-

mutana 17, 117

Phalonia manniaua 64

Phoxopteryx uncana 86

Phtheochroa rugosana 86

Phryxus livornica 185, 211 , 236

Phyciodes ismeria 119, 142

Pieris daplidice 171 , 259

Polia flavicincta var. meridionalis 139

Pontia protodice 142

Polyommatus bellargus, 236 ; corydon
var. fowleri, damon, escheri, orbi-

tulus 94

Porrittia galactodactylus 185

Precis ceryne, tukuoa 168

Prodenia littoralis 95, 278

Proterocosma triplanetis 187

Pseudopontia paradoxa 261

Pyrrharctia isabella 101

Ehodophaea adveuella, suavella 85

Satyrus nephele 119

Scoparia truncicolella 85

Selenia lunaria 85

Senta maritima 85

Semasia woeberana 118

Sesia audrenif ormis 160

Setina irrorella 85

Spilosoma urticie 85

Stauropus fagi 85

Stenia punctalis 171

Sterrha sacraria 64, 171

Strenia clathrata var 261

Tagiades atticus 124

PAGE

Tapluostola boiidii 100

Terias seuegalensis 261

Tethea subtusa 85

Thecla pruui 19

Thyinelicus actit'ou 17

Tortrix diversana, 86 ; pronubaua, 6, 13,

42, 277; unit'asciaua 139, 160

Toxocampa pastinum 17

Trichoptilus pallidum 95

Tryphsena comes 22

Vanessa autiopa, 85, 96 ; c-album, 43 ;

var 260

Xylina conformis, 67, 69 ; semibrunnea... 43,

141

Xylomiges conspicillaris 17, 141

Zyga^na piloselbp, 17 ; trifolii var. ob-

scura 94

NEUROPTERA.

^schna c;crulea, 253 ; isosceles, 35 ;

mixta, squamata 253

Agrion armatum, 181; puella, pulchellum 36

Boreus hyemalis 16

Brachytron pratense 35

Cordulia aanea 35

Erythromma naias 35

Halesus guttatipenuis, 65, 91 ; radiatus.. 6Q
Hemerobius eatoui, sp. n., 147; elegans,
148 ; humnli, 146 ; nervosus, sub-

nebulosus, stigma 148

Ischnura pumilio 18

xiu,

PAGE

Leptocerus uigro-uervosus 162

Lestes sponsa 35

Leiicorrhinia caudalis, 253 ; dubia, 252 ;

parvula, rubicunda, triedra 253

Libellula fulva, quadrimacnlata, 35 ;

variegata 252

Limnophilus elegans, 18, 42 ; xauthodes. 42

Ortlietrum caucellatum 35

Polycentropus flavomaculatus 162

Raphidia notata 185

Reuterella helvimacula 57

Rhyacophila munda 65

Stenophylax permistus, vibex 66

Sympetrum flaveolum 261

Tria^nodes reuteri 270

ORTHOPTERA.

Apterygida luuaris, 46 ; media 45

Dinarchus dasypus 95

Ectobia panzeri 18

Forficula lesnei, pubescens 18

Labia minor 137

Mecostethus grossus 46

Neolobophora bicolor, bogotensis, 113;

borellii, sp. n., 114; ruficeps 113

Nyctibora holosericea 118

Panchlora virescens 46, 118

Phyllodromia germanica 186

I

ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH INSECT FAUNA
BROUGHT FORWARD IN THIS VOLUME.

APHANIPTERA.

PAGE
SPECIKS.

Ceratophyllus insularis, i?of/isc/i77d 59

COLEOPTERA.
SPECIES.

Cardiophorus erichsoni, Buys^ 156

Carida affinis, Paylc 220

Euplectus tomlini, Joy 99

Homalota paradoxa, Rey 201

Lathrobium la3vipenne, Heer 55

Quedius vexans, ii^p^' 200

DIPTERA.
SPECIES.

Empis hyalipennis, Fin 257

Hydrota^a tuberculata, Bnd 10

Phora abbreviata, v. Ros 195, 265

,, bergenstammi, BecZc 196,265

, , citr eif or mis , , , 264, 266

,, cubitalis, „ 233

,, domestica. Wood 262,266

„ femorata, i¥(7 264,266

,, luteifemorata, Wood 192, 265

,, mordellaria, ^Zti 263

„ nudipalpis, Beck 110, 193

„ palposa, Ztt 190,264

,, ruficornis, ifg' 110

,, sordida, Z« 276

,, sublugnbris. Wood 192, 265

,, umbrimargo, Becfc 110

„ vitrea, TFood 191,265

„ vitripennis, lie? 187,264,266

HYMENOPTERA.

SPECIES.
Amauronematiis ampins, iro??o?r ...

,, leucolenus, Zadd. ..

,, vittatus, Lep

Bracou abcissor, iV^ees

Lyga'ouematus pini, i?efz.

,, saxeseni, ilf/r/i.

Pachyuematns zaddachi, Konow

Pristiphora viridana, A'o?iou'

Pseudisobracliium cantianum, Chitfy

136
135
135
109
249
249
207
249
148

LEPIDOPTERA.
SPECIES.

Blastotere glabratella, Zeii 169

Mesophleps silacellus, Hiihn 28

Pyrrharctia Isabella, Abbot mid Smith ... 100

NEUROPTERA.
SPECIES.

Triaenodes reuteri, McLach

Reuterella helvimaciila, Enderl.

\

LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES, &c.,
DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME.

APHANIPTERA.

PAGE
GENUS

Pygiopsylla, Rothschild 221

SPECIES.

Ceratophyllus insularis, Rothschild,

England... 59

Chaetopsylla homaHTS, ,, Central Asia 222

lasius ,, „ ,, 223

Pygiopsylla colossus ,, Tamnania ... 221

COLEOPTERA.
SPECIES.

Antichira nevinsoni, Fotvler,

Yurimaguas, Peru 98
Euplectus tomliui, Joy, Britain 99

DIPTERA.
SPECIES.

Phora domestica, irood, E'/ij^Za/id 262

5, luteifemovata, ,, ,, 192

„ papillata, TFi/j-sfafe, ,, 111,215

,, snblugubris, Wood, ,, ... 192

vitrea, „ „ ... 191

HEMIPTERA.

PAGE
SPECIES.

Helopeltis schoiitedeni, Reut.

Belgian Congo 112
Stephauitis gallarum, How., Bengal ... 33

HYMENOPTERA.
SPECIES.

Pseudisobrachium cautianum, Chitty,

Britain 148

NEUROPTERA.
SPECIES.

Hemerobius eatoni, Morton, Teneriffe ... 147

ORTHOPTERA.
SPECIES.
Neolobophora borellii, Burr, Mexico ... 114

ERRATA

Page 24, line 15 from top, for " Symphyletes " read " Symplieletes.'"
41, ,, 22 ,, ,, ,, ^' Platypera" read '' Platypeza.^^
46, ,, 6 „ ,, ,, "E.E.S." read "F.E.S."
68, ,, 5 ,, ,, ,, " aggamic" 7-ead ^^ agamic."
68, ,, 3 ,, bottom, for " Dryooecpetes" read '' Dryoca'tes."
117, Hues 4 and 9, from top, " Platyna " read " Plafyura."
167, line 18 from top, for " South Maxima " read " Ste. Maxime."
202, ,, 14 ,, bottom, /o7- " p. 33 " read, " p. 155."
204, ,, 18 ,, top, /or " Hollovvay " 7-ea(Z " Holda way."
224, ,, 13 ,, bottom, for " syhilla" read " sihylla."
244, ,, 9 ,, ,, ,, " hycranaslarv." read '"' hyerana\(ir\iM.

256, ,, 3 ,, top, ,, ''' Megcronus" read ^' Mcgacronus."

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Plate I. — Reuferella helvimacula, Enderl. (see page 57).
II. — Ceratophyllus insularis, Rothsch. (see page 59).
III. — Hastida hyeraua, Mill, (see page 243).

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or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

THE WA^D TELSSCDPS NET, an inno7ation in Butterfly Nets.

We beg to call your attention to our New Telescope Handle for Butterfly Nets. It
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Ji large stack of British, European, and Exotic lepidoptera,
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^^ ONLY ADDRESS—

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C O N T E N r S. ,;,6E

Antipodean Field Notes. III. — A sketch of the Entomology of Sydney, N.S.W.

(continued). — James J. Walker, ZI.A., R.N., F.L. 8 25

Mesophleps silacellus, Hb., a Lepidopterons genus and species new to Britain,

in Sussex. — Eustace R. Bankes, M.A., F.E.S 28

Help-Notes towards the determination of British Tenthredinidae, &c. (12).

(continued).— Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.E.S 30

A new gall-inhabiting bug from Bengal. — Dr. G. Horvdth 33

Kare Dragon-flies in Norfolk.— ff. J. Dobson, F.E.S 34

Notes on some Coleoptera imported into our northern ports. — Richard S. Bag-
nail, F.E.S 36

Some Buckinghamshire Coleoptera. — W. E. Sharp, F.E.S 38

Coleoptera from old birds' nests. — Norman H. Joy, M.R.C.8., F.E.S 39

Coleoptera from a wine collar. — Id 40

Smicrus filiformis, Fairm., at Bradfielrl, Berkshire. — Id 40

Ptinus tectus, Boield., in Scotland.— Pro/. T. Hudson Beare, B.Sc, F.R.S.E. ... 40

Megacronus formosus, Gr., as British. — Horace Donisthorpe, F.Z.S 40

Cubocephalus nigriventris, Thoms., parasitic on Tetropium. — Id 41

Diptera in Dumbartonshire in 1905. — ./. R. Malloch 41

Retarded emergence of Leiocampa dictseoides, Esp. — Eustace R. Bankes, M.A ,

F.E.S 41

Abundance of Limnophilus elegans in the Isle of Man. — Geo. T. Porritt, F.L S. 42

Tortrix pronubana in Guernsey. — IK A . Luff, F. E.S 42

Tortrix pronubana, Hb. — Rev. E. N. Bloomfield, M.A., F.E.S 42

A butterfly passenger.— (7. IK DaZe, F.E.S 42

Obituary. — Mrs. Emma Sarah Hutchinson 43

Societies. — Birmingham Entomological Society 44

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 44

Further notes on the capture of Amara anthobia, Villa, and the comparative
morphology of A. familiaris, Duft., and A. anthobia and A. Incida, Duft. —

Bev. George A. Crawshay, M.A. , F.E.S 46

COLLECTION OF LEPIDOPTERA,

FORMED BY THE LATE ALFRED BEAUMONT, ESQ.

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 5th, 1906.

]\]R. J. C. STEVENS will offer at his Eooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, London, W.C, the Collections of British Lepidoptera,
Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, &c., formel by the late Alfhed
Beaumont, Esq., of Gosfield, together with the Cabinets in which they are con-
tained. Also Exotic Lepidoptera

On February 20th will be sold the Collection form by the late Mr. Bazett.
On View day prior 10 to 5 and Morning of Sale. Catalogues on application.

T\R. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ- DRESDEN,

in their new Price List, No. XLIX for 1906, oficr more than 16,000 species
of well-named LEPIUOPTEKA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world,
in finest condition ; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARVAE ; numerous LIVING
PUP^, &c. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (22,000 species) ; HYMEN-
OPTERA (3200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), ORTHOPTERA
(1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.

Second Series, No . 195.] tv/t * i:. n it , n^^ it.

[No. 502.] MAIICH, 1906. [P^ice 6d.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MOKTBLY MAGAZIM.

EDITED BY

G. C. eHAMP10^, I.Z.«. J. E. COLLIN, T.E.S.

G. T. POEEITT, r.L.S. E. SAU^^DEKS, F.E.S.

W. W. EOWLEE, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., E.L.S.

LOED WALSI^'GHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XVII.

[VOL. XLII.]

"J'engage done tous k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Laboulhene.

LONDON

GUENET & JACKSON (Me. Yan Vooest's Successoes),
10, PATEENOSTEE EOW, E.C.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PEINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

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The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
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Apply to the Publishers.

May 29th, 1893.

Complete in one thick volume, royal 8vo, vdth 59 plates engraved on coppen-
from the author's drawings :

A MONOGRAPHIC REYISIONT AND SYNOPSIS OP THE

-^ TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &o. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 8s.

London : Gurney & Jackson, 10, Paternoster Row, E.G.
Berlin .• Friedlander und Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse.

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4(

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" Nature " contains Original Articles oa all subjects coming within the domain of
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\^aluable papers which appear in foreign journals ; Reports of the Proceedings of
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Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, H/- ; Zinc
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/- Setting Boards, from 5d. to 1/10; Complete set
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Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.
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lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6 ; Label List of British Macro- Lepidoptera, with Latin and
English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

THE WAND TELESCOPE NET, an innovation in Butterfly Nets.

We beg to call your attention to our New Telescope Handle for Butterfly Nets. It
is made entirely in brass, and is light and strong, and moreover, it can be shut up
to C£Lrry in small compass. A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of

weight and bulk.

FRIGES— with two joints, 8/6 ; with three joints, 9/6 ; with four joints, 10/6.

Complete with Improved Cane Folding Ring and Bag. We shall be pleased to

send on approval.

Ji. large stock of J^ritish, European, nnd Exotic t^epidoptera,
Coleoptera, and lirds' Egijs,

EISTTOMIOLOG-IO^^IL. FINS.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 3s. 6d.

^i° ONLY ADDRESS—

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L O 2sr 33 o Tsr.

Birds and Mammals, ^c, Preserved ,^ Mounted by fi,rst-class workmen.
Our New Price List (96 pp.) sent post free to any address on application.

CONTENTS. p^GE

Further notes on the capture of Amara anthobia, Villa, and the comparative
morphology of A. familiaris, Duft., and A. anthobia and A. lucida, Duft.

(concluded). — Rev. George A. Crawshaij, M.A., F.E.S 49

Editorial 50

Antipodean Field Notes.. III. — A sketch of the Entomology of Sydney, N.S.W.

{concluded).— James J. Walker, M.A., R.N., F.L.S 50

Lathrobium laevipenne, Heer : an addition to the British list of Coleoptera. —

W. E. Sharp, F.E.S 55

Keuterella helvimacula, Enderl. : a new genus and species to the list of British
Psocidae, and the discovery of its hitherto unknown male (with a Plate). —

H. L. F. Guermonprez 57

A new British flea : Ceratophyllus insularis, spec. nov. (with a Plate). — Hon.

N. Charles Rothschild, M. A., F.L.S 59

Hymenoptera Aculeata taken by Colonel Yerbury, R.A., in Scotland, 1905. —

Edward Saunders, F.R.S. 60

Coleoptera in Cumberland in 1905.— F. H. Bay, F.E.S 61

Quedius riparius, Kelln., in Derbyshire. — J. Kidson Taylor 63

Chry somela cerealis, L., &c., on Snowdon. — Id 63

Occurrence of Argyresthia illuminatella, Zell., in Britain. — Eustace R. Bankes,

M.A., F.E.S 63

Re-occurrence of Sterrha sacraria, L., in the Isle of Purbeck. — Id 64

Phalonia manniana, F.R., in the Isle of Purbeck.— Jti 64

Retarded emergence of Leiocampa dictseoides. — Richard Freer, M D ,... 65

Rhyacophila munda, McL., and Halesus guttatipennis, McL., in Scotland. —

Kenneth J. Morton, F.E.S 65

Unusual dates for Halesus radiatus in the Isle of Man. — Geo. T. Porritt, F.L.S. 66

Obituary— The Rev. Joseph Greene, M.A., F.E.S 66

Captain Frederick Wollaston Hutton, F.R.S 67

Societies. — Birmingham Entomological Society 68

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 68

South London Entomological Society 68

Entomological Society of London 70

On the British species of Hydrotaea, Dsv. {concluded). — Percy H Grimshaw,

F.E.S 72

BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. TUESDAY, MARCH 13th, at 1 o'clock.

lUR. J. C. STEVENS will offer at his Eooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, London, W.C., the well known and valuable Collection
of British Lepidoptera formed by the late C. G. Barrett, Esq., P.E.S., also the
Cabinets in which they are contained.

On view day prior, 10 to 4, and Morning of Sale.

COLLECTION OF LEPIDOPTERA,

FORMED BY THE LATE W. F. URWICK, ESQ.

TUESDAY, MARCH 27th, at 12.80.

lUE. J. C. STEVENS will offer at his Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, London, W.C, the Collections of British Lepidoptera
formed by the late W. F. Urwick, Esq., containing rare and extinct species and
some remarkable varieties.

On View day prior, 10 to 5, and Morning of Sale. Catalogues on application.

tNDIAN butterflies and MOTHS IN PAPERS.— Stichop-

-*• thalma camadeva, 1/- each, 9/- per dozen ; Neorina krishna, 8d. each, 6/- per
dozen ; Ornithoptera pompeus, 6d. each ; Papilio evan S , 4d. each, 3/- per dozen,
$ , 1/- each, 9/- per dozen ; Epicopeia polydora, 1/- each.

Bev. 'W. A. HAMILTON, Osterley Park Hoad, Southall, Middlesex.

Second Series, No . 196.] » viuIj 1 906 1 Pbice 6^.

[No. 503.] ' _'

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MOl^THLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BT

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.^. J. E. COLLIN, P.E.S. i

G. T. POEKITT, P.L.S. E. SAUNDEEJS, F.R.S.

\V. W. EOWLEK, D.Sc, M.A., E.L.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., E.E.^.

LORD W'AL^lxNGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.K.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XVIL

[VOL. XLII.]

« J'engage done tous a eviter dans leur. ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depa..au. ie. Umite. de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise."— LabouZbenc.

LONDON:

GURNET & JACKSON (xMe. Van Vooest's Successobs),

10, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.G.
SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PEINTEK, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

From this date the First Series of this Magazine (1864—1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.

A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
offered at the reduced price of £2 15s. per set net (in parts), or of five
consecutive Vols, at £1 per set net (if bound. Is. per Vol. extra).

Owing to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols, i to ix can be had
separately at lOs. each.

The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.

Apply to the Publishers.

May 29^, 1893.

Complete in one thick volume, royal 8yo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :

A MON-OGRAPHIC REVISIOlN" AND SYNOPSIS OF TEE

*-^ TRICHOPTERA OF THE ECTROPBAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &o. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, Ss.

London : Gurney & Jackson, 10, Paternoster Row, E.G.

Berlin: Friedlandkr und Sohn, 11, Garlstrasse.

Scale of Charges for Advertisements.

Whole Page £2. Half Page £,1 is. Quarter Page 12s. 6d.

Lowest charge, 3s. 6d. up to 3 lines ; 6d. per line afterwards.
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There is no charge for Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata.

"NATURE/^

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE 6d..

" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Gorreepondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
*-aluable papers which appear in foreign journals ; Reports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World ; and Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.

SUBSGUEPTIONS TO

yearly 18 0

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CHANGE OF ADDRESS.
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Conlsdon, Surrey.

REDUClIOlSr IN PRICE OF VOLS. XXVI to XL.

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WATKlfiS & QOfiCASTEB, |latui;alists.

ixeep in stock all Articles for Entomolo<^ists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
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Boxes, 6il, 9d., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxrs, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, H/- ; Zinc
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/- Setting Hoards, from 5d. to 1/10; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6 ; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 7/6 ; Sugaring Tins. 1/6, -^j- ; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.

Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9 ; Stee4
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.

Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair ; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each ; Botanical Vascu-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6; Label List of British Macro- Lepidoptera, with Latin and
English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

THE WAND TELESCOPE NET, an innovation in Butterfly Nets.

We beg to call your attention to our New Telescope Handle tor Butterfly Nets. It
is made entirely in brass, and is light and strong, and moreover, it can be shut up
to carry in small compass. A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of

weight and bulk.

PRICES— with twc joints, 8/6 ; with three joiLts, 9/6 ; with four joints, 10/6.

Complete with Improved Cane Folding Ring and Bag. We shall be pleased to

send on approval.

Jt large stock of British, European, and Exotic }:.epidoptera,
Coleoptera, and l^irxis' Eggs.

EUsTTOMiOrjOOIG^^I-. FIHSFS.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 3s. 6d.

SHOVir I^OOIME FOR CABII^EITS, &*c.

g^° ONLY ADDRESS—

36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,

LO :Nr D o Tsr.

Birds and Mammals, ^c, Preserved ^ Mounted by first-claMS workmen.
Our New Price List (96 pp.) sent post free to any address on application.

CONTENTS. p;,GE

On the British ppecies of Hydrotaea, Dsv. (concluded). — rercy H. Grimshaw,

F.E.8 ■ 73

Coleoptera from Fair Isle, North Britain. — Pro/. T. Hudson Beare, B.Sc, F.E.S. 77

A Correction. — Rev. E. N. Bloontfield, M.A., F.E.S 78

Help-Notes towards the determination of British Tenthrediniilaa, &c. (12,

concluded).— Rev. F. D Morice, M.A., F.E.S 79

Do. do. do. (continued,). (13). — Id. 80

Suffolk Lepidoptera in 1905.— Rer. E. N. Blonmfield, M.A., F.E.S 85

An apparatus for collecting small Arthropods. — G. C. Champiov^ F.Z.S 86

Thyamis carta, All., as a British insect. —E. A. Newbery 87

Coleoptera in the Newbury district. — P. Harvjood 87

Notes on Irish Coleoptera. — Reu. W. F. .Johnson, M.A., F.E.S 89

Occurrence of Henoticus serratus, Gyll , in North Wales. — J. Kidsnn Taylor... 90

Quedius nigrocoeruleus, Rey, from Norfolk. — Norman H. Joy, M.R.C.S., F.E.S. 90

Hymenoptora near Hastings — G. E. Frisby 90

The host of Nomada solidaginis. — Id 90

Aculeate Hyinenoptera at Lyme Regis. — Edward B Nevinson, F.E S 90

Halesus guttntipennis in Derbyshire and Lincolnshire.— Geo. T. Porritt, F.L.S. 91

Obituary —Charles WilliaiP Dale, F.E.S 91

Reviews. — The Victoria History of the Counties of England : A History of

Sussex. Insecta, edited by Herbert Goss, F.L.S 92

Twenty-ninth Annual Report and Proceedings of the Lancashire

and Cheshire Entomological Society, Se.^^sion 1905 92

Societies. — Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 93

South London Entomological Society 93

Entomologicnl Society of London 94

Aculeate Hj'menoptera from Burgos, Old Castile, collected during the total
eclipse of the sun, August 3Uth, 1905. With a list of the species

obtained, by Edward Saunders, F.K.S.— Rev. A. E. Eaton, M.A 96

T)K. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS. BLASEWITZ-DEESDEN,

in their new Price List, No. XLIX for 1906, offer more than 16,000 species
of well-named LEl'lDOPTEh A, set or in papers, from all parts of the world,
in finest condition ; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARV^ ; numerous LIVING
PUP^, &c. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (22,000 species) ; HYMEN-
OPTERA (3200 species), DIPTERA (2400). HEMIPTERA (2200), ORTHOPTERA
(1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.

COLLECTION OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.
TUESDAY, MAY 1st, at One o'clock.

TliR. J. C. STEVENS will offer at his Kooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, London, W.C, the Collection of British Lepidoptera
formed by the late Rev. Dobrjee-Fox, comprising fine bred series and numerous
rare species.

On view day prior, 10 to 4, and Morning of Sale.

A SPLENDID COLLECTION OF OVER 2000 BUTTEEFLIES

-^ AND MOTHS from North America, Japan, and other countries. Would be
a fine addition for Museum. No reasonable offer refused.

LITTLEFAIR, 64, Stanley Street, Preston, Lanes.

Second Series, No. 197.] iuav ,nn« .-d

TNo 604 T MAY, 1906. [I^eice 6d.

THE

EFrOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZIHE.

EDITED BT

G. C. CldAMPlOJN, i.Z..s. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

G. T. POEEITT, r.L.S. E. SAUJSDEKS, F.E.S.

W. W. EOWLEE, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., E.L.S.

LOED A\ ALlSlx\GHAM, M.A., LL.D., E.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XVIL

[vol.. XL.1I.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus oourtoise." — Lahoulhene.

LONDON :

GUENEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),
10, PATEENOSTEE EOAV', E.C.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPItR, PRIMER, StYSIOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

From this date the First Series of this Mag^azine (1854-1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.

A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
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Owing" to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols, i to ix can be had
separately at lOs. each.

The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7. 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.

Apply to the Publishers.

May 29a, 1893.

Complete in one thick volume, royal Sfo, with 59 plates engrave'l on copper
from the author's drawings :

\ MONOGRAPHIC REVlS[0^^ A.ND S^XOPSIS OP THE

*"^ TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &o. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, Ss.

London : Gurntey & Jackson, 10, Paternoster Row, E.G.
Berlin : Friedlander und Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse.

Scale of Charges for Advertisements.

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"NATURE,"

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'* Nature" contains Original Articles on all sabjecba coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
oontaius Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication araon^ men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
i^aluable papers which appear in foreign journals ; Reports of the Proceedings of
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CHANGE OF ADDRESS.

Birmingham Entomological Society removed to Avebury House, 55, Newhall

Street, Birminprham.

REDUCnON IN PRICE OF VOLS. XXVI to XL.

A limited number of sets from Vol. XXVI to XL inclusive are now
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WATKJHS & OOHCASTEB, Jlatuiialists,

Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Oraithologists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
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Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9 ; Steel
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Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6
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pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each; Botanical Vascu-
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English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

THE WAND TELSSCOPE NET, an innovation in Butterfly Nets.

We beg to call your attention to our New Telescope Handle for Butterfly Nets. It
is made entirely in brass, and is lighc and strong, and moreover, it can be shut up
to carry in small compass. A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of

weight and bulk.

PRICES— with two joints, 8/6 ; with three joints, 9/6 ; with four joints, 10/6.

Complete with Improved Cane Folding Ring and Bag. We shall be pleased to

send on approval.

Jt large stock of British, European, and Exotic t^epidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Birds' Eggs»

EisTTonynoxjOOiG^^i-. fiisis.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 3s. 6d.

^g° ONLY ADDRESS—

36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,

L O ]S" 33 O TS".

Birds andMammals^ <fc., Preserved ^ Mounted by Arst-class workmev.
Our New Price List (96 pp.) sent post free to any address on application.

C O N T E N T S. PAGK

Aculeate Hymenoptera from Burgos, Old Castile, collected during the total
eclipse of the sun, August 30th, 1905. With a list of the species
obtained, by Edward Saunders, F.R.S. (concluded). — Rev. A. E. Eaton, M.A. 97

A new species belonging to the genus Antichira, Eschscholtz. — Rev. W. W.

Fowler, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S 98

Euplectus tomlini, sp. n. : a beetle new to Britain. — Norman H. Joy, M.R.C.S.,

F.E.S 99

A new British Arctiid (with figure).— Dr. T. A. Chapman, F.Z.S 100

Notes on Epiblenna (Paedisca) sordidana, Hb., with descriptions of the larva

and ipupa.— Eustace R. Bankes, MA., F.E.S 101

Notes on the Hymenopterous genus Bracon, Fab. — Claude Morley, F.h.S 106

A new species of Phora, and four others new to the British list. — Rev. W. ./.

Wingate 110

A new Ethiopian species of Helopeltis. — Prof. 0. M. Renter, Hon. F.E.S Ill

Note on the genus Neolobophora, Scndder. — Malcolm Burr, H.A., F.L.S 112

The late C W. Dale's collections.— Reu. A E. Eaton, M.A., F.E.S 115

Trigonogenius globulum at Tottenham. — C. T. Qirningham. 115

Microglossa marginalis and otiier birds' nest beetles in Kent. — A. J. Chitty,

M.A., F.E.S 115

The host of Nomada sohdagiuis. — Id 115

Note on some of the scarcer Tenthredinidae — Rev. E. N. Bloomfield, M.A.,

F.E.S 11&

Notes on Diptera in the New Forest. — F. C. Adams, F.Z.S 116

Societies. — Birmingham Entomological Society 117

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 117

South London Entomological Society 118

Entomological Society of London 119

r)K. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAi\S, BLASEWITZ- DRESDEN,
in their new Price List, No. XLIX for 1906, offer more than 16,000 species
of well-named LEI'IDOPTEHA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world,
in finest condition ; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARV^ ; numerous LIVING
PUP^, &c. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (22,000 species) ; HYMEN-
OPTERA (3200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), ORTHOPTERA
(1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.

COLLECTION OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.
TUESDAY, MAY 2«th, at One o'clock.

lyrR. J. C. STEVENS, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, London,
W.C., will Sell by Auction the valuable and well known Collection of British
Lepidoptera formed by the late Rev. Joseph Greene, M.A, F.E.S., author of
" The Insect Hunter's Companion,"

On view day prior, 10 to 4, and Morning of Sale.

Secoi^^SerieSj^No.igS.] j^^^^ j^g^g ^p^^^^ 6^

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZISE.

t
EDITEiy BT

G. C. CHAMPION, r.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, r.E.S. I

G. T. POKEITT, F.L.S. E. SAXJNDEES, F.E.S.

W. W. EOWLEE, D.Sc, M.A,, E.L.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XVIL

[VOL. XLII.]

"J'engage done toua a eviter dans leursecritstoutepersonnalite^
toute aUusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Laboulhene.

LONDON :

GIJBNEY & JACKSON (Mb. Yan Vooest's Successobs),
10, PATEENOSTEB BOW, E.C.

SOLD m GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER 13ND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PKIMER, SEYMOITR STREET^ EUSTON SQUARE.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

From this date the First Series of this Mag^azine (1834-1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.

A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
offered at the reduced price of £2 15s. per set net (in parts), or of five
consecutive Vols, at £1 per set net (if baund, Is. per Vol. extra).

Owing to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols, i to ix can be had
separately at 10s. each.

The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.

Apply to the Publishers.

May 2Qth, 1893.

Complete in one thick volume, royal 8uo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :

A MONOC^RAPHIC REVISION" AND SYNOPSIS OF THE
-^ TRIGHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLa.chla.n,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &o. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, Ss.

Londou : Gurney & Jackson, 10, Pateraoster Row, E.G.
Berlin : Friedlander und Sohn, 11, Carlstraase.

Scale of Charges for Advertisements.

Whole Page £2. Half Page £1 Is. Quarter Page 12s. 6d.

Lowest charge, 3s. 6d. up to 5 lines; 6d. per line afterwards.
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There is no charge for Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata.

'^NATURE,"

A. WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OP SCIENCE. PRICE 6a,

" Nature" contains Original Articles on all subjects oooung within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science; Accounts of the leading S-oientific Serials; Abstracts of the more
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matters of current scientific interest.

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The Editors are ready to entertain proposals for continuous A.dver-
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Those who have not yet remitted their Subscriptions for the current
Vol. (1906) are requested to do so at their early convenience.

WATKifiS & OOfiCASTEB, Itatuiialists,

Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
Net, 7/- ; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-, 4/6 ; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 3/- ; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/- ; Zinc
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/- Setting Boards, from 5d. to 1/10; Complete set
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ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1 /8 ; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.

Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9 ; Stee4
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.

Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair ; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each ; Botanical Vascu-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6 ; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and
English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

THE WAND TELSSCOPS NET, an innovation in Butterfly Nets.

We beg to call your attentioa to oar New Telescope Hanile for Butterfly Nets. It
is made entirely in brass, and is light and stroug. and moreover, it can be shut up
to carry in small compass. A very compact pattern, effecting greac saving of

weight and bulk.

PRICES— with two joints, 8/6 ; with three joints, 9/6]; with four joints, 10/6.

Complete with Improved Cane Folding Ring and Bag. We shall be pleased to

send on approval.

^ large stock of British, European, and Exotic I;.epidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Eirds' Eggs,

EISTTOIs^OXjOG-IC^^IL. FIInTS.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 3s. 6d.

I^r ONLY ADDRESS—

36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,

x. o ]sr r> o Tsr.

Birds and Mam/nials, ^c, Preserved <^ Mounted bylHrst'Cla^s workmen.
Our New Price List (96 pp.) sent post free to any address on application.

C O N T E N T S. p^ei

Observations on Indian Butterflies.— T. R. Bell 121

Formalin as a reagent in the preparation of some soft-bodied Coccidse. — E.

Ernest Oreen, F.E.S 129

Help-Notes towards the determination of British TenthredinidaB, &c. (14). —

Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.E.S 130

Stenus kiesenwetteri, Rosenho, &c., at Chobham. — 0. C. Champion, F.Z.S 136

Thyamis carta, All., as a British insect. — E. 0. Elliman 137

Melanic Coleoptera in South Devon. — James H. Keys, F.E.S 137

Mimetic resemblance between Labia minor and Lithocharis ochrecea. — Id. ... 137

Eumicrus rufns, Miill., at Hendon.— E. A. Butler, B.Sc, F.E.S 138

Procas arraillatus, F., near Dartford. — F. B. Jennings, F.E.S 138

Gerris canalium, Duf., = najas of authors. — Oscar Whittaker 138

Perinephele lancealis, Schifi'.jin the Isle of Purbeck. — Eustace R. Banlces,M.A.,

F.E.S 138

Polia flavicincta, Fab., var. meridionalis, Bdv., in South Devon.— Id 139

Tortrix unifasciata, Dap. : a domestic tragedy ! — Id 139

Notes on Epiblema sordidana, Hb. : a correction, — Id 139

The host of Nomada solidaginis. — William Evans 140

Formicoxenus nitidulus, Nyl., in the Northumberland and Durham District. —

Richard S. Bagnall, F.E.S 140'

A correction.— F. C. Adams, F.Z,8 140

Entomology at the forthcoming Meeting of the British Association. — Eds 140

Obituary.— Rev. E. C. Dobree Fox, M.A 141

Leon Fairmaire 141

Societies. — South London Entomological Society 141

Entomological Society of London 142

Descriptions of the larva and pupa of Aristotelia palustrella, Dgl. — Eustace R.

Bankes, M.A.,P.E.S 143

■QE. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ- DRESDEN,

-*-^ in their new Price List, No. XLIX for 1906, oflfer more than 16,000 species
of well-named LEPIDOPTEKA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world,^
in finest condition ; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARY^ ; numerous LIVING
PUP^, &c. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (22,000 species) ; HYMEN-
OPTERA (3200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), ORTHOPTERA
(1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.

NCW KEADY,
THE BNTOMOLOaiST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol. XVI, New
Series (Vol. XLI), strongly bound in Clotli. Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each.

London: GXJKNBY and JACKSON, Paternoster Row. E.G.

I

Second Series, No . 199.] t itt v i on^ i -d ^ ^

ri^n ^nfil JULl, 1906. [Peice Gd.

[No. 506.]

THE

EiNTOMOLOGlST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZiJiE.

EDITED BY

G. C. CHAMPION, E.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, E.E.S.

G. T. POEEITT, E.L.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.E.S.

W. W. FOWLEE, D.Sc, M.A., E.L.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., E.L.S.

LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., E.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XVIL

[VOL. XLII.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Laboulhene.

LONDON:

GUENEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),
10, PATEENOSTEE EOW, E.C.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLI

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

t

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

From this date the First Series of this Magazine (1864—1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.

A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
offered at the reduced price of £2 15s. per set net (in parts), or of five
consecutive Vols, at £1 per set net (if bound, Is. per Vol. extra).

Owing" to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols, i to ix can be had
separately at 10s. each.

The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.

Apply to the Publishers.

May 29a, 1893.

Complete in one thick volume, royal 8vo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :

\ MONOGRAPHIC REYISIOrvT AND SYNOPSIS OF THE

^^ TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &o. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, Ss.

London : Gurxey & Jackson, 10, Paternoster Row, E.G.

Berlin : Friedlander und Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse.

Scale of Charges for Advertisements.

Whole Page £2. Half Page £1 Is. Quarter Page 12s. 6d.

Lowest charge, 3s. 6d. up to 5 lines ; 6d. per line afterwards.
Repeated or continuous Advertisements per contract.
There is no charge for Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata.

"NATUHE,"

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRA-TfiD JOURNAL OP SCIENCE. PRICE 6a.

" Nature" contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Gorrespondenoe ColunMis, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journaJs ; Reports of the Proceedings of
the Principal Scientific Societies and Academies of the World; ard Notes on all
matters of current scientific interest.

HUBSGRIPTIONS TO "NATURE."

(To all places Abroad). £ s. d.

Yearly 110 6

Half-Yearly 0 15 6

Quarterly 0 8 0

£ s. d.
STearly 18 0

Half- Yearly 0 14 6

Quarterly 0 7 6

Money Orders to be made payable to MACMILLAN and CO., Ltd.
Office: St. Martin's Street, London, W.C.

REDUCTION IN PRICE OF VOLS. XXVI to XL.

A limited liumber of sets from Vol. XXVI to XL inclusive are now
offered at the reduced price of £3 per set net, in parts (if bound, Is- per
Vol. extra). Apply to the Publishers.

The Editors are ready to entertain proposals for continuous Adver-
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Those who have not yet remitted their Subscriptions for the current
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Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornitholoacists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
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Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.

Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9 ; Stee"!
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.

Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair ; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg' Drills, 2d., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each ; Botanical Vascu-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6 ; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and
English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/- j
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

THE WAND TELESCOPE NET, an innovation in Butterfly Nets.

We beg to call your attention to our New Telescope Handle for Butterfly Nets. It
is made entiiely in brass, and is light and strong, and moreover, it can be shut up
to caiTy in small compass. A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of

weight and bulk.

PRICES— with two joints, 8/6 ; with three joints, 9/6'; with four joints, 10/6.

Complete with Improved Cane Folding Ring and Bag. We shall be pleased to

send on approval.

^ large stoch of British, European, and Exotic i^epidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Birds' Eggs.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 3s. 6d.

SKEOTBT ROOlVi: FOIt CHLJBIN^ETS, &ic.

I^r ONLY ADDRESS—

36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,

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Birds and iiarmnals, ^c, Preserved ^Mounted by first-class workmen.
Our New Price List (96 pp.) sent post free to any address on application.

1!

CONTENTS. PAGE

Descriptions of the larva and pupa of Aristotelia palustrella, Dgl. (concluded).

—Eustace R. Bankes, M.A.,F.E.S 145

Notes on certain Palaearctic species of the genus Heraerobius : the Madeira-
Canarian species allied to H. humuli, and other species from the same

IslandB.— Kenneth J. Morton, F.E.S 146

Pseudisobrachium cantianum : a species of Bethylinse (Proctotrypidse) new to

science.— ^ri/iwr J. Chitty, M.A., F.E.S 148

Additions and corrections to the list of British Hymenoptei-a since 1896. —

Edward Saunders, F.B.8 151

Cryptohypnus pulchellus, L, — James E. Black, F.E.S 155

Cardiophorns erichsoni, Buyss., in Lundy Island. — Norman H. Joy, M.R.C.S.,

F.E.S.,andJ. R. le B. Tomlin, M.A., F.E.S 156

Further notes on the Coleoptera of the Oxford district. — Jar/ies J. Walker,

M.A., R.N., F.L.S 157

Calosoma sycophanta, L., in the New Forest. — Id 159

Anisotoma lunicoUis, Rye, in the Isle of Sheppey. — Id 159

Epursea angustula, Er., in the Northumberland and Durham district. — Richard

8. Bagnall, F.E.S 159

Mutilated Lepidoptera. — H. Guard Knaggs, M.D 160

Sesia andreniformis bred. — Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, M.A., F.L.S 160

On Proctotrypidae.— il. J. Chitty, M.A., F.E.S 160

Neuroptera from North Uist.— Z. J. Morton, F.E.S 162

Hemiptera, &c., at Deal.— E. A. Butler, F.E.S 163

Review. — A. J. Silfvenius : Beitrage zur Metamorphose der Triohopteren
(Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 27, No. 6 ; Helsing-
fors, 1905). Zur Kennt»is der Trichopter-en -fauna von Tvarminne
(Zeitschrift fiir PalmeUj No. 14; Helsingfors, 1905). Trichopte-
rologische Untersuchungen : I. Uber den Laich der Triohopteren
(Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 28, No. 4 ; Helsingfors,

1906) 163

Societies. — Birmingham Entomological Society 165

South London Entomological Society 167

Entomological Society of London 167

T)E. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ-DRESDEN,

in their new Price List, No. XLIX for 1903, offer more than 16,000 species
of well-named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world,
in finest condition ; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARV^ ; numerous LIVING
PUP^, &c. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (22,000 species) ; HYMEN-
OPTERA (3200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), ORTHOPTERA
(1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265).

prices low. discount for cash orders.

i

NOA?V READY.
THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY" MA.GAZINE, Vol. XVI, New-
Series (Vol. XLI), strongly bound in Cloth. Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each.

London: GURNEY and JACKSON, Paternoster Row. E.G.

Second Series, No. 200.] AnarmT innft ip a^

FNo SO?"" AUliUbl, 1906. [Peice 6d.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

G. C. CHAMPION, E.Z.8. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

W. W. EOWLEK, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

G. T. POEEITT, E.L.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.E.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES— VOL. XVIL

[vol.. XLll.]

"J'engage done toue k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulhene.

LONDON:

GUENEY & JACKSON (Me. Yan Yooest's Successoes),
10, PATEENOSTEE EOW, E.G.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

From this date the First Series of this Mag-aziae (1854—1889) can
be obtained only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.

A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
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Owing to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols, i to ix can be had
separately at 10s. each.

The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.

Apply to the Publishers.

May 29th, 1893.

Complete in one thick volume, royal Svo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :

A MOXOGRIPHIC REVISION AXD SYNOPSIS OF THE
*"^ TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachi.an,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &o. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 8s.

London : Gur.vey & Jacksox, 10, Paternoster Row, E.G.
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form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
valuable papers which appear in foreign journals ; Reports of the Proceedings of
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WATKiHS & QOMCASTEB, llnturaUst.'i,

Keep ill stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
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ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6. ] 4/- ; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing lioxes,9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6 ; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.

Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1 /9 ; >teeA
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.

Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6
Scalpels, with ebony handles, l/o ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair ; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., :^d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each; Botanical Vascn-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6: Label List of British Macro- Lepidoptera, with Latin and
Enghsh Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every sp.cies numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-,

THE V/AND TELESCOPE NET, an innovation in Butterfly Nets.

We beg to call your attention to our New Telescope Handle for Butterfly Nets. It
is made entirely in brass, and is light and strong, and moreover, it can be shut up
to carry in small compass. A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of

weight and bulk.

PRICES— with two joints, 8/6 ; with;three joiLts, 9/61; with four joints, 10/6.

Complete with Improved Cane Folding Ring and Bag. We shall be pleased to

send on approval.

^ large stock of British, European, and Exotic f.epidoptera,
Eoleoptera, and Birds' Eggs.

EISrT0]\/L0I1.0C3IG^^iL. FlJ^^S.

The '• DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 3s. 6d.

s»[oinr KLOOivi: for caiorN^ETS, «bc.

8:^" ONLY ADDRESS—

36, STRAND, W.C, Five Doors from Charing Cross,

L O 2^ D O ^.

Birds and }Jammals, Hfc, Preserved ^'' Mounted by frst-class workraen.
Our New Price List (96 pp.) sent post free to any address on application.

CON T E N T S. PAGE

Blastotere glabratella, Zeller ; a species taken for the first time in England. —

Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., ^c 16»

Notes on the Lepidoptera of the Balearic Islands. — A. H. Jones, F.E.S 170

Lepidoptera-Heterocera from Majorca, collected by A. H. Jones, Esq., 1905. —

Louis B. Prout, F.E.S 172

Additions and corrections to the list of British Hymenoptera since 1896 (con-
tinued).—Edward Saunders, F.R.S 172

Phora opaca, Mg., and Phora perennis, Mg. — J. E. Collin, F.E.S 177

Carpophilus sexpustulatus, F., restored to the British list. — E. G. Bay ford 179

Uncommon beetles at Edlington and Wadworth Woods, Yorkshire — Id 180

Microptilium pulchellum, All., from Berkhire. — Norman H. Joy, M.R.C.S., F.E.S. 180
Sibinia sodalis, Germ., and Apion filirostre, Kirby, in Devonshire. — Philip

dela Garde, R.N., F.E.S 180

Lytta vesicatoria, L., in the Isle of Wight. — G E. Bryant 180

Catercmna terebrella, Zk., in Surrey. — A. Thurnall 180

Andrena lapponica, Zett., near Leith Hill. — G. C. Frishy , 180

Note on Agrion armatuni, Ileyer.-Z. J. Morton, F.E.S 181

Diptera in Scotland in 1905.-^4. E. J. Carter 181

" Types of Siphonaptera in the Daleian Collection." — James J. Walker, M.A.,

R.y., F.L.S 182

Reviews.— "The Butterflies of the British Isles," By Richard South, F.E.S.... 183
Report of the Hope Professor of Zoology for 1905. Edited by

Prof. Edward B. Poulton, D.Sc, M. A., F.R.S 183

Obituary. — Dr. Peter Kempuy 184

Societies. — Birmingham Entomological Society 184

South, London Entomological Society 185

On the British species of Phora (Part I). — Dr. John H, Wood 186

T)R. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ- DRESDEN,

in their new Price List, No. XLIX for 1906, offer more than 16,000 species
of well-named LEPIDOPTEKA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world,
in finest condition; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARV^ ; numerous LIVING
PUP^, &c. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (22,000 species) ; HYMEN-
OPTERA (3200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), ORTHOPTERA
(1100), NEUROPTEUA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.

NO^W BEADY,
THE] ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, VoL XVI, New
Series (Vol. XLI), strongly bovind in Cloth. Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each.

London: GURNBY and JACKSON, Patemoeter Row. E.C

!

Second Series, No. 201.] septeMBEE, 1906. LP^ick 6d.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MOMHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BT

G. C. CHAMPION, E.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, r.E,S.

W. W. FOWLER, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

G. T. POEEITT, F.L.S. E. SAUNDEES, F.E.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

LOED WALSINOHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XVII.

[VOL. XLll.]

♦♦J'engage done tous k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnaUte,
tonte aUusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus couTtoiae"—LahouJMm.

LONDON :

aUENEY & JACKSON (Mb. Van Vooest's Sitccessoes),
10, PATEENOSTEK EOW, E.C.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PKINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

From this date the First Series of this Mag^azine (1834—1889) can
be obtainei only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.

A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
offered at the reduced price of £2 15s. per set net (in parts), or of five
consecutive Vols, at £1 per set net (if bound, is. per Vol. extra).

Owins^ to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols, i to ix can be had
separately at IDs. each.

The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.

Apply to the Publishers.

May 2Qth, 1893.

Complete in one thick volume, royal 8vo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's (h-awings :

A MONOGRAPHIC REYISION^ AND SYNOPSIS OP THE
-^ TRICHOPTBRA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 8s.

London : Gurney & Jackson, 10, Paternoster Row, E.C,

Berlin : Friedlander und Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse.

Scale of Charges for Advertisements.

Whole Page £2. Half Page £1 Is. Quarter Page 12s. 6d.

Lowest charge, 3s. 6d. up to 5 lines ; 6d. per line afterwards.
Bepeated or continuous Advertisements per contract.
There is no charge for Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata.

"NATURE/'

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OP SCIENCE. PRICE 6d.

■" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science ; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials ; Abstracts of the more
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\

REDUCTION IN PRICE OF VOLS. XXVI to XL.

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The Editors are ready to entertain proposals for continuous Adver-
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Those who have not yet remitted their Subscriptions for the current
Vol. (1906) are requested to do so at their early convenience,

WATKifiS & eOfiCASTEB, Naturalists,

Keep in stock all Articles for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. : Umbrella
Net, 7/- ; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/6, 4/-, 4/6 ; Plain Ring Net, 1/3, 2/-, 3/- ; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/- ; Zinc
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/- Setting Boards, from 5d. to 1/10; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6 ; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 7/6 ; Sugaring Tins. 1/6, 2/- ; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6. ] 4/- ; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.

Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9 ; Stee'l
Forceps, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6 per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/-.

Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair ; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each; Botanical Vascu-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6; Label List of British Macro- Lepidoptera, with Latin and
English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

THE WAND TELESCOPE NET, an innovation in Butterfly Nets.

We beg to call your attention to oar New Telescope Handle for Butterfly Nets. It
is made entirely in bra^s, and is light aad strong, and moreover, it can be shut up
to carry in small compass. A very compact pattern, eff'ectiug great saving of

weight and balk.

PRICES— with two joints, 8/6;; with:three:joiDts, 9/6]; with four joints, 10/6.

Complete with Improved Cane Folding Ring and B\g. We shall be pleased to

send on approval.

Jl large stock of British, European, and Exotic Lepidoptera,
Coleoptera, and lairds' Eggs.

entom:olog-io^^I-. i^^iisrs.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 3s. 6d.

^^ ONLY ADDRESS—

36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,

L o :n^ r> o TS".

Birds and Mammals, <f c, Preserved ^ Mounted by Jvrst-class workmen.
Our New Price List (96 pp.) sent post free to any address on application.

C O N T E N T S. PAGE

On the British species of Phora (Part I), (continued). — Dr. John H. Wood 192

Revision of the nomenclature of Micro-Lepidoptera (continued). — Rt. Hon.

Lord Walsingham, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., ^c, and J. H. Durrani, F.E.S. ... 196
Coleoptera occurring in the nests of mammals and birds. — Norynan H. Joy,

M.R.C^., F.E.S 198

Additions and corrections to the list of British Hymenoptera since 1896 (con-
cluded).—Edward Saunders, F.R.S 202

Help-Notes towards the determination of British Tenthredinidse, &c. (15). —

Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.E.S 20&

Formicoxenus nitidulus, Nyl., <J , as British.— JRic/iard S. Bagnall, F.E.S 210

The Collection Fairmaire.— G. Levns, F.L.S 211

Quedius longicornis, Kr., in Suffolk. — Claude Morley, F.E.S 211

Deilephila livornica, Esp., at Wokiu^.— Percy C. Smith 211

Lencania faricolor, Barrett, in the Isle of Sheppey. — Lieut. J. J. Jacols, R.E... 211

Aristotelia lucidella, Steph. — A. Thumall 211

Notes on the habits of Fonera contracta, Latr.— .4. ./. Chitty, M.A., F.E.S 212

Andrena lapponica, Zett., iu North Wales. — Willoughby Oardner, F.L.S 21S

Halictus freygesaneri, Alfk., in North Wales. — Id 214?

Heriades truncorom, Linn., near Chobham.~Eev. F. D. Morice, M.A.y F.E.S.... 214

Sphecodes subquadratus burrowing. — G. E. Frishy 214

Oxycarenus lavaterae, F., an Hemipteron infesting lime trees on Lago Maggiore.

—G. E. Saunders, F.L.S 215

Phora pupillata, Wingate : a correction. — Rev. W. J Wingate 215

Nidification of Odynerus reniformis, Gmel.,Dear Chobham. — Rev. F. D. Morice,

M.A., F.E.S 216

pOR SALE.— A Fine Collection of BRITISH COLEOPTERA

localized, comprising about 2300 different sorts and several thousand speci*
mens, many rarities, neatly carded and in good condition ; also the two Varnished
Deal Cabinets with corked and glazed trays, in which the collection is set out. No
eas enable offer refused. Inspection invited.

Apply C. H. MORRIS, School Hill, Lewes.

■QR. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ- DRESDEN,

in their new Price List, No. XLIX for 1906, offer more than 16,000 species
of well-named LEPIDOPTEKA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world,
in finest condition ; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARV^ ; numerous LIVING
PUP^, &c. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (22,000 species) ; HYMEN^
OPTERA (3200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), ORTHOPTERA
(1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265).

PRICES LOW. DISCOUNT rOK CASH ORDEBS.

NOW READY.
THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol. XVI, New
Series (Vol. XLI), strongly bound in Cloth. Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each.

London: GURNBY and JACKSON, Patemoater Row. B.C.

Second Series, No. 202.] qctobee, 1906. LP^ice 6d.
[No.ouy.j

THE

ESTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

G. C. CHAMPION, r.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

W. W. EOWLEE, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

G. T. POKEITT, P.L.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.E.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XVIL

[VOL. XLII.]

"J'engage done tons k eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
I toute aUusion depassant les limites de la discussion la pins sincere et la
plus couTto\ae."—Lahoulhene.

LONDON:

GUENET & JACKSON (Me. Yan Yooest's Successoes),
10, PATEENOSTEE EOW, E.C.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLAKDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEY1.0UR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

:^^

J

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

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The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
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May 29fh, 1893.

Complete in one thick volume, royal 8uo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's d/rawings :

A MONOGRAPHIC REVISION" AND SYNOPSIS OF THE
^^ TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &o. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, Ss.

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^ large stack of British, European, and Exotic Ecpidoptera,
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CONTENTS. PAGE

Nidification of Odynerus reniformis, Gmel., near Chobham (continued). —

Rev.F. D. Morice,M.A.,F.E.8 217

Carida affinis, Payk., a beetle new to Britain. — Dr. D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.8 220

Some new exotic fleas. — Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, M.A., F.L.S 221

Bearing of Apatura iris from a forced oviposition. — E. C. and F. W.Andrews... 224

Calosoraa sycophanta in the New Forest. — Miss Ethel F. Chaivner, F.E.S 229

Apion limonii, Kirby, in its original locality. — Claude Morley, F.E.S 229

Epnrsea parvula, Er., and its pabulum. — Richard S. Bagnall, F.E.S 229

Holoparamecus caularum, Aube, in the Isle of Sheppey. — J. J. Walker, M.A.,

R.N. , F.L.S 230

Aetophorus imperialis, Germ., in Kent — G. W. Nicholson, M.A., B.C 230

Coleoptera in Devon.— P H. De la Garde, R.N. 230

Rbizophagus perforatus, Er., attracted by putrid meat. — Id 231

Melanism in Fidonia atomaria.— Geo. T. Porritt, F.L.S 231

Aristotelia lucidella, Stph. : a correction. — Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham, M.A.,

LL.D., F.R.S , 232

Crabro carbonarius, &c., in the South of Scotland. — William Evans 232

Eare Hymenoptera Aculeata near Holmwood, Surrey. — C. H. Mortimer 232

Athalia scutellariaB in Cheshire.— T. ^. Coward, F.Z.S 233

Gastrophilus nasalis, L., in the New Forest.— F. C. Adams, F.E.S 233

Phora cubitalis. Beck, a species new to the British list. — J. R. Malloch 233

Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouche, on Helianthemum vulgare. — Dr. T. A. Chapman,

F.Z.S 233

Obituary. — Baron Charles Robert v. d. Osteu Sacken 234

Society. — South London Entomological Society 235

Coleoptera occurring in the nests of mammals and birds (continued). —

Norman H. Joy, M.R.C.S., F.E.S 237

rpHE IMPORTANT COLLECTION OF BRITISH LEPIDOP-

TERA formed during the past 40 years by Paymaster-in-Chief G. F.
MATHEW, R.N., F.L.S., &c., will be Sold by Auction at a date shortly to be
advertised. The Collection contains many Rare Species and Interesting
Varieties, and the insects are well set and in the finest possible condition.

T)E. STAUDINOER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ- DRESDEN,

"^ in their new Price List, No. XLIX for 1906, offer more than 16,000 species
of well-named LEPIDOPTEHA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world,
in finest condition; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARV^ ; numerous LIVING
PUP^, &c. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (22,000 species) ; HYMEN-
OPTERA (3200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), ORTHOPTERA
(1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265).

prices low. discount for cash orders.

NO^W KEADY,

THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol. XVI, New
Series (Vol. XLI), strongly bound in Cloth. Price 7/-.
Covers for binding, 1/- each..

London: GURNEY and JACKSON, Paternoster Row. B.C.

Sr'"

Second Series, No. 203.] Arnv-c>A/i-Di7-D lon^ it, ^j

r"NFn fSini JNOVEMBER, 1906. [Price 6^.

[No. 510.]

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

G. C. CHAMPIOK, F.Z.IS. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

W. W. EOWLEE, D.Sc, M.A., E.L.S.

G. T. POEEITT, E.L.S. E. SAUIS'DEKS, F.E.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.K., E.L.S.

LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., E.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XVIL

[VOL. XLII.]

"J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant ies limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise."— Labou/,bene.

LONDON:

GUENEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),
10, PATEENOSTEE EOW, E.C.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER L'ND SOHN, BERLIN*

NAPIER, PRliXTER, SEYilOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

From this date the First Series of this Magazine (18 S4 -1889) can
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A limited number of sets, from Vol. x to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
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The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.

Apply to the Publishers.

May l^th, 1893.

Complete in one thick volume, royal 8vo, ivith 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :

A MONOGRAPHIC REYISION- AND SYNOPSIS OF THE

^^ TRICHOPTERA OP THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 8s.

London : Gurney & Jacksox, 10, Paternoster Rovp-, E.G.
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"NATUEE/^

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,vj*

Second Series No. 204.] pECEMBEB, 1906. [Phick e^.

THE

EMOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BT

G. C. CHA]VIP][0^, F.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

W. W. FOWLEK, D.Sc, M.A., E.L.S.

G. T. POEEITT, E.L.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.E.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

LOED WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.E.S., &c.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XVII.

[VOL.. XLll.]

"J'engao'e done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant ies limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Lahoulbene.

LONDON

GUENEY & JACKSON (Me. Van Vooest's Successoes),
10, PATEENOSTEE EOW, E.C.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLAKDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTEE, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUA:E& -— — --"rr-^_

7901?

C 1 0 I90f

^ \

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

From this date the First Series of this Magazine (1834—1889) can
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The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
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Apply to the Publishers.

Maj/ 29a, 1893.

Complete in one thick volume, royal 8vo, with 59 plates engraved on copper
from the author's drawings :

\ m:onogra.ph:ic revision^ and synopsis op the

"^ TRICHOPTERA OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By Robert McLachlan,
F.R.S., F.L.S., &o. Price, £3 10s.

First Additional Supplement (with 7 plates), Price, 83.

London : Gurniey & Jacksox, 10, Paternoster Row, E.G.

Berlin r Friedlandkr und Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse.

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useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.); 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.

Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9 ; Steed
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pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each ; Botanical Vascu-
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English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

THE WACJD TELSSCJPS NET, an innovation in Butterfly Nets.

We beg to call your attention to our New Telescope Handle for Butterfly Nets. It
is made entirely in brass, aud is light and stron;^, and moreover, it can be shut up
to ©arry in small compass. A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of

weight and bulk.

PRICES— with two joints, 8/6 ; with three joints, 9/6 ; with four joints, 10/6.

Complete with Improved Cane Folding Ring and Bag. We shall be pleased bo

send on approval.

Jt large stack of British, European, and Exotic lacpidoptera,
Coleoptera, and lairds' Eggs.

EisrTOM:oLOG-iG.A.3L. :E=>iisrs.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 3s. 6d.

ssEomr itooivt for cjusii^ets, «6c.

^g° ONLY ADDRESS—

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j^ o ]sr i> o Tsr.

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CONTENTS. P^GE

On the British species of Phora (Part I), (concluded). — Dr. John H. Wood 265

Drilus flavescens, Rossi, ? , and its larva. — E. 0. Bayford 267

Foliates hirticrura, Meade, ? .—James Waterston, B.D., B.Sc 269

Trisenodes reuteri, McLach., a species of Trichoptera new to Britain. — K. J,

Morton, F.E.S 270

Lathrobium elongatum, L., v. nigrnra,var.nov. — Norman H. Joy, M.R.C.8., F.E.S. 271

Coleoptera captured in Sherwood Forest, June, 1906. — J.Kidson Taylor 272

Otiorrhynchua morio, F., v. ebeninus, Gyll., in Scotland. — Id 272

Medon castaneus, Grav., at Guildford. — G. C. Chamjnon, F.Z.S 272

Gyrinus urinator, III., in the New Forest. — S. 0. Rendel 273

Anisotomidae, &c., at Oxford.— J. J. Walker, M.A., R N., F.L.S 273

Sitaris mnralis, Forat., near Oxford. — A. H. Eamm 273

Harpalus honestus, Dufts., at Box Hill. — IF. West 274

Catoptria aspidiscana, Hb , in Kent. — B. A, Bower, F.E.S 274

Tortrix pronubana, Hb., reared from British larvae. — R. Adkin, F.E.S 274

Enpitbecia consignata, Bork : a correction. — Eustace R. BanTces, M.A., F.E.S. 274

Apanteles formosns, Wesra. — 0. C. Bignell, F.E.S , 275

Aculeate Hymenoptera in the New Forest, Cornwall, &c. — G. Arnold 275

Phora sordida, Zett., iu Dumbartonshire. — .J. R Malloch 276

Review. — A Preliminary List of Durham Diptera, with Analytical Tables : by

the Rev. W. J. VVingate 276

SociETiKS. — Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 277

South London Entomological Society 278

Entomological Society of London 279

Title-Page .Index, &c i— xvi

LEPIDOPTERA, CABINETS, AND BOOKS.

lyTE. J. C. STEVENS will offer at his Eooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, London, W.C, on Tuesday, December 18th, at One o'clock,
the Collections of British and Foreign Lepidoptera formed by the late Hildebrand
Ramsden, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S. , &c., together with the Cabinets and Books,
including Doubleday and Hewitson's Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera, Hewitson'a
Exotic Butterflies, Moore's Lepidoptera of Ceylon, Folder's Lepidoptera of the
Novara, Curtis's British Entomology, and other important works.

On view the day prior and Morning of Sale. Catalogues on application.

The Important and Valuable Collection of Palaearctic Butterflies formed by the
Rev. H. C. Lang, M.D., F.L.S., &c., will be offered in January.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.
Vol. XVII, Second Series (1906), ends with the present Number.
Subscriptions, 6/- (POST-FREE) for 1907 are now due. Money or Postal
Orders may be sent to the Editors, 10, Paternoster Row, London, E.C., or to
either of them personally at his residence. The Subscription for nearly
all foreign countries is now the same as that for the United Kingdom.

Intending new Subscribers should send in their names and addresses
as soon as possible.

Any one wishing to discontinue his Subscription must give notice to
that ejffect on or before the 20th inst., otherwise he will be considered
liable for the ensuing Volume.

REDUCTION IN PRICE OF VOLS. XXVI to XL.

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WATKifiS & BOfiCASTEB, iatmialiiits,

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Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6 ; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 3/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/- ; Zinc
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ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/- per doz. ; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/- ;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6, 1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 4/6; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/6.

Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9 ; Steed
Forceps, 1/6 to 3/- per pair ; Pocket Lens, from 1/6 to 8/6.

Taxidermists' Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6
Scalpels, with ebony handles, 1/3 ; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair ; Brass Blow-
pipe, 4d., 6d. ; Egg Drills, 2d., 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 9d. each ; Botanical Vascu-
lum, 1/6, 2/9, 3/6, 4/6; Label List of British Macro- Lepidoptera, with Latin and
English Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-;
or on one side for Labels, 2/-.

THE WAND TELESCOPE NET, an innovation in Butterfly Nets.

We beg to call your attention to our New Telescope Handle for Butterfly Nets. It
is made entirely in brass, aud ia light and strong, and moreover, it can be shut up
to carry in small compass. A. very compact pattern, effecting great saving of

weight and bulk.

PRICES— with two joints, 8/6 ; with three joints, 9/6 ; with four joints, 10/6.

Complete with Improved Cane Folding Ring and Bag. We shall be pleased to

send on approval.

^ large stock of British, European, and Exotic J^cpidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Birds' Eggs.

EisrTo:M:oLoa-xa.^L fiists.

The " DIXON " LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps

without climbing the lamp posts), 3s. 6d.

SHCOIBT ItOOlVI FOR CiiJBIN^ETS, &ic.

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36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,

LiO^TDO TSr.

Birds and MoAnmaU, ^c, Preserved ^ Mounted by Jvrst-class workmen.
Our New Price List (100 pp.) sent post free to any address on application.

C O N T E N T S. Vi^^' p^ge

Coleoptera occurring in the nests of mammals and birds (continued). —

Norman H. Joy, M.B.C.S., F.E.S 241

Progressive Melanism : further notes on Hastala hyerana (with a Plate). — T.

A. Chapman, M.D.,F.Z.S 243

Help-Notes towards the determination of British Tenthredinidse, &c. (16). —

Rev. F. D. Morice,M.A., F.E.S 246

Some remarks on Otto Frederik Miiiler's descriptions of the Danish Odonata,

with certain corrections as to synonymy. — Esben Petersen 251

Notes on Atholus (Hister) duodecimstriatus, Schrk , 1781, and quatuordecim-

striatus, Gyll, 1806.— (?. Lewis, P.L.S 255

Coleoptera at Woking during the past summer. — 0. C. Cham.piom, P.Z.S 255

Rhizophagus cribratue, Gyll., in the Derwent Valley.— R. 8. Bagnall, F.E.S... . 256
Rhizophagus parallelocollis, Er-, taken in a grave. — Norman H. Joy, M.R.C.8.,

F.E.S 256

The habits of Tachy usa concolor. — Id 256

Aculeate Hymenoptera at St. Fillans and the Braes of Balquhiddei-, Perth-
shire.— G. A. James Rothney, F.E.S 257

A correction. — F. C. Adams, F.E 8 257

Bmpis hyalipennis, Fin., in Dumbartonshire. — J. R. Malloch 257

Association of Diptera with Lepidopterous larvae. — Hon. N, Charles Rothschild,

M.A., F.L.S 258

Lygseus equestris, L., in the Isle of Sheppey. — J. J. Walker, M.A., R.N., F.L.S. 258
Ephemera (danica, Miill. ?) male imago coupling with female subimago. — 8.

Venour 258

Review.—" Melanism in Yorkshire Lepidoptera :" by G. T. Porritt, F.L.S. ... 258

Societies. — South London Entomological Society 259

Entomological Society of London 260

On the British species of Phora (Part I), (continued). — Dr. John H. Wood 262

BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.

rpHE GERYASE MATHEW COLLECTION, containing many
rare and extinct interesting varieties, including villica, favicolor, &c.,all well
set and in the finest condition, will be sold by J. C. STEVENS at 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., on Tuesday, November 20th, 1906.

Catalogues on application.

TyANTED. — Gentleman prepared to Skt Fresk Killed Bbjtish
Lepidoptera in the English style during the summer of 1907. 7s. per 100

paid for first class work. Reply —

W. ADAMS, 31, Fairholt Boad, Stoke Newington, London, N.

T)li. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, BLASEWITZ- DRESDEN,

in their new Price List, No. XLIX for 1906, ofibr more than 16,000 species
of well-named LEl'IDOPTEKA, set or in papers, from all parts of the worlds
in finest condition ; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARV^^ : numerous LIVING
PUP^, &c. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (22,000 species) ; HYMEN-
OPTEHA (3200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), ORTHOPTERA
(1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265).

prices low, \ t DISCOUNT FOR CASH ORDERS.

£ ^ ^^i^

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