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THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S

I'

MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

73

CONDUCTED BY _

4^7 3

G. 0. CHAMPION, P.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, P.E.S. , ^-^

W. W. FOWLER, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

R. W. LLOYD, F.E.S. d. T. POREITT, F.L.S.

J. J. WALKER, M.A., R.N., F.L.S.

SECOND SERIES — VOL. XXIV

CVOL. XLIX.]

It was his faith — perhaps is mine —

That life in all its forms is one,

And that its secret conduits run

Unseen, but in unbroken line.

From the great fountain-head divine,

Throiigh man and beast, through grain and grass."

Longfellow.

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst's Successors),

33, PATERNOSTER ROW.

1913.

LONDON:
A. NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE, N.W.

1913.

INDEX.

Contributors....
General Index

ii I

Special Index —

Anoplura .. .. ... vii

Coleoptcra vii

Diptera viii

Heniiptera ix

Hynienoptera ix

Lepidoptera x

Special Indkx (rontinucd) — page

Mallophaga xi

Ncuroptera and Trichoptera xii

Ortlioptcra xiii

Protura xiv

Siishoiiaptera xiv

Tliy.sanoptera xiv

Genlra and Species new to Britain ... xiv

,, „ „ ,, ,, Science ... xvi

Errata xvii

Explanation of Plates xvii

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.

Barber, H. S

Bagnall, R. S., F.L.S. ..

Bayford, E. G., F.E.S. .

Beare, Prof. T. H., B.Sc.
F.E.S

PAGE

.. 243

.171, 227, 263, 264

Ill, 275

, F.R.S.E.,

.111

Black, J. E., F.E.S

Blair, K. G., F.E.S

Cameron, M., M.B., R.N.

F.E.S.

13a

213
34

222

,.78,
275

Carey, W. A

Carter, A. E. J

Champiou, G. C, F.Z.S. .
03, 88, 109,

Champiou, H. G., B.A

Chapman, T. A., M.D., V

ColUn, J. E., F.E.S

Collins, J

Day, F. H., F.E.S

de la Garde, P. H., R.N.,

Dollmau, H. C, F.E.S. ...

Dudgeon, G. C, F.E.S. ...

Eaton, Rev. A. E., M.A.,

Edwards, F. W., F.E.S....

Edwards, J., F.E.S

Fergussou, A.

Fordham, W. J

Fowler, Rev. W. W., D
F.L.S

187

17, 180

.2, 32, 33, 34, 55,
187, 211, 256, 275

36,36,89, 254

.Z.S....8, 81, 137,
182

104, 130, 171

229

136, 187, 255

F.E.S 7

14

294

F.E.S 230

.107, 110, 209, 217

70, 146, 251

136

257

Sc, M.A.

Fryer, H. F., F.E.S

Gardner, Willougliby, F.L.S.
Green, E. E., F.E.S

.27, 109
. 246, 266

89

...37, 138

PAGE

Harwood, B. S. 214,230

Hudson, G. V., K.E.S 165, 205, 260

Jacobs, Capt. J. J., R.E., M.I.M.E.,

F.E.S 117, 189, 233

Jenkinson, F 64, 66

Jennings, F. B., F.E.S 15

Johnston, H. B 259

Joicey, J. J., F.E.S 160

Joy, N. H., M.R.C.S., F.E.S. ...25, 57, 76,
100, 154, 212, 224, 275

Kuab, F 64

Liudiger, Dr. L 103

Mausbridge, W 42, 66, 91, 114, 163

Morice, Rev. F. D., M.A., F.E.S 137,

140, 263

Morley, Claude, F.Z.S 276

Morse, E. W 187

Mortimer, C. H., F.E.S 90, 215

Morton, K. J., F.E.S 295,271

Muiiro, J. W., B.Sc 257, 258

Newbery, E. A 126, 154, 213, 226

Nurse, Col. G. C, F.E.S 83

Perkins, R. C. L., D.Sc, M.A.,

F.L.S 10, 62, HI, 166

Porritt, G. T., F.L.S 16, 38, 63, 79, 260

Poulton, Prof. E. B., D.Sc, M.A.,

F.R.S 177

Rogers, Rev. K. St. A., M.A., F.E.S. ...45,

94, 127

Rothschild, Hon. \. C, M.A., F.L.S. ...16,

90, 102, 169, 182, 207, 258,

Sharp, D., M.A., F.R.S 1, 34, 54, 76,

101, 108, 109, 125, 135, 160, 161,
186, 187

Sharp, W. E., F.E.S

Sich, A., F.E.S

Sladen, F. W. L., F.E.S.

Stentou, R., F.E.S

Tliompsou, M. L., F.E.S.
Tomlin, J. R. le B., M.A.
Turner, H. J., F.E.S.

PAGE

14,255

89

171

89

161

F.E.S. ...100, 229
21, 40, 67, 92, 114,

163, 189, 215, 231, 261

PAGE

Walker. J. J., M.A., R.N., F.L.S 135,

136, 160, 213, 229

Waterston, Rev. J., B.Sc 18, 36, 113

Wheeler, Rev. G., M.A., F.Z.S .23, 43, 68,
93, 115, 139, 165, 216, 262, 279

Wood, J. H., M.B 13,59,84,112,268

Yeibury, Col. J. W., R.A., F.Z.S Go

GENERAL INDEX.

PAGE

135

101

33

14

Acalyptus rufipennis, Gyll., ill Oxfordshire

Actobius, Description of a new species of

Acythopeus (Baridius) aterriinus, C. Waterh., in the orchid house at Kew

Af;abus abbreviatus, F., &c., at Soham ...

Agraylea pallidula, McLach., added to the British fauna, 230; distribution

of 259

Andrena niinutula, K. group. Notes on the British species of, and correction

of an error, 106 ; niveata, Friese, probably wrongly recorded as British,

111; rosfB, Panz., the races of ... ... ... ... ... ... 10

Anthoinyidffi, Four unrecorded British ; two of them at the same time

being new to science ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 84

Apion, On a new species of, 104 ; selousi, Newb., and other species of ... 226
Apterous females of certain Lcpidoptera, 8 ; or semi-apterous of certain

Lepidoptera, 63 ; of Winter Moths 81

Aspidiotus bavaricus, Ldgr., a scale-insect new to the British list 103

Atheta (Microdota), Description of a new species of, 78 ; hybrida. Sharp, in

Scotland, 275 ; three new species of, 57 ; two new British species of ... 77

Bagous claudicans. Boh., Note on the Equisetum-eating larva of 88

Beetles in hard wood, A liint for collecting 109

Bembidium velox, Er., Note on ... 135

Berytus clavipes, F., A contribution towards the life-history of 28

Bledii, On various, recently added to the British list 256

Bledius, Description of a new species of, 1 ; guliebni, Sharp, note on the

capture of, 14 ; secerdendus, Joy, &c., note on 34

Bostrich us capucinus, L., in Cumberland 136

Bradycellus distinctus, Dej., in England 54

British insects. Some interesting (with two coloured plates) 171

British Museum, The new Kecpership of Entomology at the 18

Bruchus pectinicornis, L., in the Now Forest 187

Butterflies collected during the last ten years in British East Africa, A

listof 45,94,127

By thinus. Leach, On the British species of 217

Cacodmus, On the genus 102

Carpophilus sexpustulatus, F., &c., in Sherwood Forest 187

Carabus ciincellatus. 111., A liitherto unrecorded occiu-reuce of, in Bi'itain,

110; note on a recorded capture of, in Britain 275

m.

PAGE

Oephenomyia rufibarbis in Inverness-shire ... ... ... ... ... 239

Ceratophylhis boi'ealis. Roths. (1906), Description of the male of (with

Plate) 182

Cerceris 5-f asciata preying on Strophosomus f aber ... ... ... ... 230

Ceuthorrhynchns rapaj, GylL, A note on, 15 ; querceti, (iyll., the food-plant

of : ... : 213

Chiron oniidK, On the hvunming of ... ... ... ... ... ... 37

Chry sis, The dentate margin of the abdomen in ... ... ... ... 182

Chrysomela fastuosa, Scop., in Devon, 275 ; sangiiinolenta and marginalis

of British collections. Note on the ... ... ... ... ... 211

Cicindela hybrida, L., and maritima, Latr., On, 146 ; mai-itima, Dej., on

the coast of Kent ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 229

Claviger longicornis, Miill., The host of, in England 146

CoccinellidcB, Pairing of different species of ... ... ... ... ... 229

Codiosoma spadix, Herbst, in New Zealand 32

Coleophora agrammella. Wood, in Svissex ... ... 89

Coleoptera, &c., in Bromeliads, 2 ; in Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire,
246, 266 ; in South Durham, 161 ; at Grrange-over- Sands, 255 ; from
British Hondiu-as, 256 ; in Kent, 160 ; localities, &c., additional for
various, recently added to the British list, 176 ; in Orchids, 55 ; new

species of, allied to Xantholinus ochraceus, 224 ; from Sutherland, some 212

Colias ediisa in June, 188 ; &c., in Kent ... ... ... ... ... 213

Conveyance of a semi-apterous female moth by the male ... ... ... 89

Cordylomera suturalis, Chevr., an introduced West African Longicorn, 63 ;

(introduced) in Yorkshire 257

Cryptobia, The British synonymical note 186

Cry ptobiimi, A second British species of ... ... ... ... ... 150

Cryptorrhynchus lapathi, L., in Aberdeenshire ... ... ... ... 257

Ctenophthalmus calceatus, Waterst., <J , Description of (see under Listrop-

sylla)

Cvilex geniculatus, Olivier, The identity of ... ... ... ... ... 107

Cyphonida3 (Coleoptera), Larvaj of, in Bromeliacese ... ... ... ... 54

Decticus verrucivorus, Linn., Forficula lesnei, Finot, and Apterygida

albipennis, Meg., in East Kent 260

Diptera, British, Thirty additions to the list of, 104, 130 ; two (Limno-

biidse) new to Britain... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 180

Docophorus megacephalus, Denny, in Shetland ... ... ... ... 113

Druce Collections of Lepidoptera, The ... ... ... ... ... ... 160

Dufourea halictvila (Nyl.) at Byfleet, Sm-rey 215

Dyschirius angustatus, Putz., in Cumberland ... ... ... ... ... 187

Echinopthirius phocse, Lucas, in North Mavine, Shetland 113

Editorial 1

Empidse and their prey in relation to cotu'tship ... ... ... ... 177

Enicmus tungicola, Thoms., Note on the life-history of ... ... ... 34

Entomological Monthly Journal, A new 88

Entomology, The, of an opossum's nest. 111 ; the Eeview of Applied ... 38

Eqtiisetami-eating larva ef Bagous claxidicaus. Boh., Note on the ... ... 88

Euryphene from West Africa, Description of a new species of ... ... 204

Eudectvis whitei. Sharp, A recent record of, from Ingleborough, Yorkshire 275

PAGE

Gabrius, Some new species of (with Plate) ... ... ... ... ... 25

Geometer, The wingless ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 59, 79, 112

Gnorimus nobilis, &c„ at Colchester 230

Halictus, On an overlooked new species of, in Britain ... ... ... 62

Ilalipliis browneaniis, ncc H. brownei, 108 ; description of a new species of 73

Haplothrips, On two species of, new to the British fauna 227

Hedycliridium coriaceum and Crabro albilal)ris, 137 ; parasitic on Crabro

albilabris 90

Heer's types [of Homalota] in the British Museum, Remarks on some of ... 157

Helophorus, Note on a table of the British species of, appearing in this

Magazine (Vol. XLIV, p. 218) ... 110

Help-notes towards the determination of British Tenthredinida;, &c. (31) 140

Hilara albocingulata, sp. n. ... ... ... ... ... ... 13

Homalota (Liogluta) aquatilis. Thorns. {? — sericans, Rey), a species of
Coleoptera ue\v to Britain, 7 ; cribriceps. Sharp, note on, 135 ; fungi-
cola, on some allies of, 151 ; Remarks on some of Heer's types of . . 157

Hydroporus bilineatus, Sturm, in England 109

Hymenoptera Aculeata, Notes on British, 90 ; two species new to Britain 83

Insects caught by an Orchid 254

Languriinaj, Notes on a small collection of 27

Lopidoptera, Apterous females of certain, 8; from Gibraltar and the
surrounding coimtry, notes on, 117, 189, 233 ; on semi-apterous

females in, 205 ; in Surrey in 1912 .. 35

Liotheids (Ma^lophaga), A suggestion for securing certain .. 36

Listropsylla, A new, and the J of Ctenophthalmus calceatus, Watei-st.

(1912), both from South Africa (with Plate) 207

Longicorn, An introduced West African, Cordylomera suturalis, Chevr. ... 63

Lophyrus, Note on two species of the genus ... ... ... ... .. 214

Magdalis carbonaria, L., in Morayshire . 257

Melanism and wet climates 185

Melanophila on charred pines 109

Melanothrips (Thysanoptera), On a new species of, from Tunisia 263

Mesophylax iuipunctatus, &c., in Perthshire ... ... 259

Micromalthidaj, a new family of beetles. The life-history of 243

Musicoderus (Staphylinidse), Description of a new species of, from Jamaica 175

Nature Reserves, Society for the Promotion of. The ... . . ... ... 90

Nemosoma elongatum, L., in the Oxford district 229

Nirmus interruptus, Piaget, What is the true host of P .. .. ... 18

Norellia spinigera, Ztt., in Perthshire ... ... ... ... 17

Notiophili, A conti-ibution to the knowledge of the British 70

Nycteribiid, A new British ... ... ... ... .. ... ... 258

Obituaries :— Avebury, Lord, F.R.S., &c., 162 ; Boyd, Thomas, 38; Brabant,
Edouard, 21; Cameron, Peter, 20; do la Garde, Philip, R.N., 161;
Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., 277 ; Jeffrey, W. R., 38 ; Kirby, W. F., F.L.S.,
19 ; Pagenstecher, Dr. Arnold, 278 ; Puton, Dr. Auguste, 278 ; Reuter,
Prof. O. M., Hon. F.E.S. (with Portmit), 230 ; WaUace, Alfred Russel,

O.M., D.C.L., F.R.S 276

Odonata, Trichoptera, Neuroptera, luul l'lect)ptera of Wood W^alton Fen,

Huntingdonshire ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 271

V.
PAGE

Opomyza lineatopunctata, V. Eos., at Crowborough ... ... ... 65

Omaliiim csesiim, Grav., and its supposed variety tricolor, Muls. et Eey . . . 212

Ornithopsylla Isetitiae, Rothsch., The host of ... ... ... ... ... 90

Oi'theziola vejdovskyi (fain. Coccidse) in Scoth^nd ... ... ... ... 138

Pachycoleus rvifescens. Sahib., in the NeAV Forest ... ... ... ... 187

Philonthiig scoticiis, sp. nov., a beetle new to Britain, 100; varius, GylL,

var. shetlandicns, Poppius ... ... ... 136

Pliloeodes crenana. Note on the emergence of . . . ... ... ... 64

Phosphuga subrotiindata, Steph., The range of ... ... ... ... 255

Phoxopteryx biarcuana : a correction . . ... ... ... 89

Platycleis roeselii, Hagen., &c., on the Lincolnshire coast ... 16

Platyptilia miantodactyla. Some notes on ... ... ... 159

Polygonia c-album. Notes on the distribution of . ... . . ... 89

Psyllopsis, F. Loew, A new species of, from Britain ... ... ... 251

Pterostichus anthracinus, Ee ; a belated correction ... ... 34

Pyrameis atalanta in N. Mavine, Shetland ... ... ... ... ... 214

Qtiedius, description of a new species from the New Forest, Hants ... 77

Rabocerus bishopi. Sharp, Ee-occurrence of, in Scotland ... . 213

Eeviews : - " British Butterflies," by A. M. Stewart, 66 ; " Cardiff
Naturalists' Society, Eeport and Transactions of the," Vol. XLV,
1912, 260 ; " Carlisle Natural History Society, Transactions of the,"
Vol. II, 1912, 113; "A Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Northumber-
land, Diu-ham, and New castle-on- Tyne," by John E. Eobson, F.E.S.,
edited by John Gardner, F.E.S. ; "The Coleoptera of the British
Islands," Vol. VI (supplement), by W. W. Fowler, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.,
and H. St. J. Donisthorpe, F.Z.S., 138; "The Dictionary of Ento-
mology," by Nigel K. Jardine, F.E.S., 139; "How to use the
Microscope ; a guide for the Novice," by the Eev. Chas. A. Hall,
66 ; " Psyllidai'um Catalogus," by Dr. G. Ai^hnann, 65 ; " Transactions
of the 2nd International Congress of Entomology " . . . . ... 278

Ehabdophaga albipennis, Houard, in Aberdeenshire ... ... ... ... 258

Ehagium bifasciatum, F., attacking birch, &c. ... . . . . . 258

Ehizophagus oblongocoUis, Blatch and Horner : synonymical note . . . 256

Sciara, Sexual dimorphism in a species of ... ... ... 209

Scirtes, Note on the larva of .32

Scoparia, A new British species of, 138 ; a new, from New Zealand . . 250

Sesia, Notes on the food-plants of certain Eussian species of ... 16

Societies: — Entomological Society of London, 23, 43,68, 93, 115, 140, 165,
216, 262, 279 ; Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society, 42, 66,
91, 114, 163; South London Entomological Society, 21, 40, 67, 92, 114,
163, 189, 215, 231, 261,279; Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, Entomo-
logical Section .. . ... ... ... ... ... ••• ... ••■ 38

Society for the Promotion of Nature Eeserves, The ... ... ... ... 90

Staphylinidse, Description of three new ... ... ... 154

Stenus oscillator, Eye, in Ix-eland, 88 ; supplementary note on 109

Stylopisation, A note concerning certain cases of ... ... ... ... 253

Tachys, Description of a new species of ... ... ... • ■ 125

Thinobius longicornis, Joy : a correction ... ... ... ... ■ . • 275

VI.

PAGE

Thrypticiis nigricauda, a new species ; and a few othei- Dolichopodida3 from

Herefordshire ... ... .. ... ... ... .. ... ... 2G8

Thysanoptei-a (Tubulifera), Descriptions of some new sjjecies of British... 263

Ti-achyphloeus diy^italis, G^'ll., an addition to the British list of Coleoptera 126

Tribolium castaneum, Herbst := ferrugineuiu, Auct. (nee Pab.) ... ... 222

Typhloceras poppei, Wag-n., Variation in the genal comb of ... ... 18

Vespa vulgaris in November ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 276

Wasp attacking Peacock Butterfly ... ... ... 61

Wood Walton Fen, Huntingdonshire, The Odonata, Trichoptera, Neuroj)-

tera, and Plecoptera of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 271

Xantholinus substrigosus, Joy : a correction ... ... ... ... ... 275

Zyga-na filipendulte ab. hippocrepidis, at Sti-eatley, Berks ... ... 36

SPECIAL INDEX.

ANOPLURA.

PAGE

Echiuophthirius phocip 113

COLEOPTERA.

Acalyptus rufipennis

Acythopeus aterriiuus

Acrulia iuflata

Actobius yteneusis (sp. n.) 101, 125,

Agabus abbreviatus

Agathidium atrum, seniinuluin

Agrilus biguttatus

Alegoria clilatata

Aleochara luficoruis

Amphicyllis globus

Anadastus shelfordi (sp. u.)

A nisoxya f uscula

Anomala bimaculata

Anthonomus rosin*

Authophagus alpinus

Apion breviatum, 227; mediauum, 227,
selousi (sp. n.) 164,

Atheta britteui (sp. n.), 154; debilis, 157;
deformis, 213; diversa,213 ; doderoi,
78 ; eximia, 157 ; hybrida, 276 ;
magniceps, 77, 213 ; malleus (sp. n.),
58; melanocera (sp.n.), 57; obtus-
angula (sp. n.), 58 ; subtilissima, 1 57 ;
terminalis, 78; tomlini (sp. n.)

Bagous claudicans

Baris aterrimus, orchivora

Batrisus venustus

Bembidiuni lampros, var. cyaneotinctum,
135; luuatum, 187; velox 135,

Bledius atricapillus, 187, 255 ; campi, de-
feusus, dicta, &c., 256; fracticornis,
hinnulus, liietior, gulielmi (sp. u.), 1,
14, 256 ; occideutalis, secerdendus,
subuiger, &c. , o4 ; terebrans

Bostrichus capucinus

Bradycellus distinctus, 54 ; sharpi ...54,

Bruchus pectinicornis

Bythinus burrellii, 218 ; clavicoruis, 220 ;
distinctus, 219 ; glabratus, 221 ;
puncticollis

Csenopsis fissirostris

Carabidie (Hunts, and Cambs.)

Carabus cancellatus 110,

Carpophilus sexpustulatus 160,

Ceuthorrhynchus euphorbia;, 160 ; uas-
turtii, 160; querceti, 213; rap-.u ...

Chaetocnema arida

Chalcolepidius rugatus

135

33

213

176

14

213

187

3

160

160

27

160

256

161

212

226

58

88

33

187

187

256
136
176

187

217
160

248
275
178

15
125
256

PAGE

Chariesthes auronotata 256

Chrysomela crassicoruis, 211 ; fastuosa,
275 ; orichalcia, var. hobsoni, 161 ;

sanguiuolenta, &c 211

Cicindela hybrida, 146 ; uiaritima ...147,229

Claviger longicoruis 136

Clythra quadrimaculata 161, 213

Cocciuellida! (pairing) 229

Codiosoma spadix 32

Cceuolauguria oculata (sp. u.) 27

Coenonica puncticollis 135

Cordylomera suturalis 63, 257

Cotinis pulverulentus 256

Cryptobiumbrevipenne, 150; glaberrimum 186

Cryptorrhynchus lapathi 257

Diaxenes dendrobii 56

Distenia pilatei 257

Dyschirius angustatus, nitidus, politus,

salinus 187

D3'scinetus la'vipunctatus 256

Dytiscidffi (Hunts, and Cambs.) 249

Emus hirtus 160

Enicmus fungicola, 34 ; histrio, 213 ; ru-

gosus 187

Epurtea parvula 160

Eryx ater 230

Euchroma goliath 256

Eudectus giraudi, whitei 275

Euphoria yucateca 256

Euthia plicata 160

Gabrius appeudiculatus, 26 ; cyphonotus
(sp. n.), 25 ; latro (sp. n.), penuatus,
26; primigeuius (sp. n.), 25; sacer-
dotalis (sp. n.), stipes, subnigritulus
(sp. n.), suffragaui (sp. u.), toruus

(sp. u.), toxotes (sp. u.) 26

Gnorimus nobilis 230

Gymnetis chevrolati 256

Gymnetron melauarius 160

Haliplida:- (Hunts, and Cambs.) 249

Haliplus brownei (sp. n.), 75 ( = brow-
neanus, 108) ; cinereus, 14 ; con-
finis, 15 ; multipuuctatus, 108 ;

variegatus 15

Helophorus porculus 213

Henoticus germanicus, serratus 176

HiHpus circuliferus 257

Homalota aquatilis, 7 ; cribriceps, 135 ;
fungicola, 151; gynandrica (sp. n.),
153 ; inoptata (sp. n.), reperta
(sp. n.), 152; subquadrata (sp. n.).. 153
Hydaticus transversalis 15

Hyiliopliilid;!' (Hunts, aiul Cambs.)

1 1 ydroponis bilineatiis, hopffK^ii'teui

llylesiiius vittatus

Laccobius purpuiasceiis

Lagochirus araiieiforniis

Lathrobiuin letzueri

Leptaciuus batychrus

Lesteva sharpi

Liosomus pyrena^us

Lougitarsus plautago - maritiinus, IfiO ;

sutuiellus

Magdalis caiboiiaria 187,

Malachius vulneratns

Malthodes flavoguttatns

Mecaspis lucida

Melanophila uotata

Metamasius ciucinnatii!?, 5 ; diinidiati-

pennis, hebetatus, 3 ; ochreofascia-

tus, 5; bromeliadicola (sp. u.)

Microglossa uidicola

l\Iic'romalthida3

M icro null thus debilis

Micropeplus poicatiis ,.

JI ordel listeua cattleyana ( sp . n . )

JIusicoderus uigrocjrruleus (sp. n.), 17o ;

spiuicornis (sp. n.)

Nantes chrysomeloides

Nemosoma elougatum

Neuraphes angulatus

Notiophilus ( British species of)

Xotothecta flavipes

CEdcmera virescens

Omalium ciesum, var. tricolor, 212 ;

graudiloqua, 213; heeri

Parnus anglicanus

Pasimacluis rotuudipenuis

Pediacus dermestoides

Pelidnota punctata

Pliilonthus scoticus (sp. u.), 100; varius,

var. shetlaudicus

Phosphuga subrotundata

Plauenstoniiis fiavicoUis

Plenromenus baccitVr

Polydrusus chrj'somela

Psendop.sis sulcata

Pterostirhus anthracinus

J'tichopus angulatus

Pyrophorus pelluceus

Quedius nigrocifruleu.s, 276 ; puucticol-

lis, 213 ; talparum =-^ othiniensis,

176; subapicalis (sp. uov.)

AGE

2.o0
lOi)
229
176
2.57
:U
275
212
100

161
257
160
213
256
101)

213
243
243
213
56

4
256
22! I
160
70
213
187

213

16

256

187
256

136
255
176
257

255
160
34
25()
250

PAGE

Raboceius bishopi 213

Uliagiuni bifa.sciatuni 258

Rhagoiiycha translucida 160

llhantus grapii 15

Rhizophagus oblougocolli.s, simplex 256

Saperda scalaris 1 87

Scirtes chanipioni, 54; grandis (larva),

32, sp.... 3

Scyuinus niimmns 15

Silis ruficollis 213

Staphylinida' (Hunts, and Cambs.) 266

Stenus carbonarius, 161, 213; latifrons,

161; oscillator 88,109

Strongylium auratum 250

Strophosomus faber 230

Tachypus pallipes 187

Tachys parvulus, 101, 174; walkerianus

(sp. u.) 125, 176

Telephorus darvpiniauus 1 60

Tetratoma ancora 160

Thalli.sella crotchi 3

Tliinobius loiigicoruis (sp. u.), 156 ; loiigi-

penuis, 157; macroceros 275

Tillus elongatus 160, 230

Trachodes hispidus 160

Trachyderes elegans 257

TrachyphloL'us digitalis 126, 177

Trachys pumila 1 00

'rribolioides (gen. nov.) 224

Tribolium castaneum, ferrugineum 222

Trochoideus americanus, goudoti 3

Trogophlu'us hemerinns (sp. n.) 156

Trypodendron biliueatum 258

Xantholiuus oehraceus, 224 ; scoticus,

(sp. n.), 226 ; substrigosus (sp. n.),

■= Leptaciuus batychrus, Gyll ...220, 275
Xyl(.-boru> dispar 110

DIPTERA

PAGE

Achalcus ciuercus 209

Acropsilus niger 131

Acyphona arcolata 181

Aniictus vanegatus 210

Aiithomyza bifasciata 174

Anthrax sp 240

Aphauiosonia approximatuin, quadriuo-

tatum 134

PAGE

Argyra grata 269

Asilus barbarus, sp 240

Bombylius ci-uciatus, punctatus, sp 240

Callicera yerbiiryi 1/3

Calliophrys exuta 132

Campsicneimis niargiuatus 270

Catabomba a Ibomacula ta 240

Cepheuomyia rufibarbis 259

Cerioides vespiformis 240

Chilosia globulipes 132

Chironomus ceylanicus, 37 ; fascipennis 174

Chrysops cajcutiens 240

Coenosia pallicoruis, 132 ; perpusilla, 85 ;

stigmatica 87

Conops signata 174

Culex geniculatus, lateralis 107

Cyrtoma intermedia, pilosa, 104 ; simpli-

cipes 105

Dexiopsis lacteipemiis, litoralis, 132 ; ru-

bricornis 133

Dicranomyia rufiveutris 180

Diplotoxa ruficeps 134

Dolichopus laticola, varitibia 131

Empida' 177

Euipis rufiveutris, 106 ; tessellata 240

Bristalis teuax 240

Eutachina, sp 240

Gastrophilus bengalensis 240

Hsematopota italica 65

Hammerschmidtia ferruginea 173

Hilara albociugulata, 13; fulvibarba

quadrif aria 106

Hyetodesia magnicornis 85

Limosina ca3iiosa, pullula 133

Lispe cousanguinea 132

Listropoda blasii 258

Lomatia saba>a 240

Lophosia fasciata 173

Mlcrodon (larva) 125

Myiotropa florea 240

Norellia spiuigera 17

Ochlerotatus geniculatus 108

Opomyza lineatopunctata 65

Paugonia sp 240

Pegomyia dulcamane, 85 ; nigrisquama,

ulmaria 133

Pipunculus maculatus 65

Platyphora lubbocki 174

Porphyrops antenuata, crassipes, elegan-
tula, fracta, micans, uasuta, nemorum,
peuicillata, riparia, rivalis, spinicoxa 270

Rliabdophaga albipenuis 258

PAGE

Rhamphomyia hirtula, hybrida, uigri-

pennis, obscura, tibialis 105

Sapromyza apicalis, la-ta, quadriuotata .. 134

Sciara semialata 210

Selidopogon diadema 2 10

Sphajrophoria scripta 240

Synamphotera pallida 106

Syntormon mikii 131

Tabauus macularis, sp 240

Tachydroniia macula, thoracica 130

Thrypticus nigricauda 268

Villa paniscus 240

HEMIPTERA..

Aspidiotus bavaricus, ostreiformis 103

Berytus clavipes 28

Cacodmus, 102 ; ignotus, indicus, 103 ;

villosus 102, 103

Ortheziola vejdovskyi 138

Pachycoleus rufescens 187

Pamera alboaunulata 6

Psyllopsis discrepans, distinguenda(sp.n.),
fraxiui , f raxinicola , meliphila 251

HYMENOPTERA.

Andrena, minutula group, species of,
166; auglica, 11; niveata, 111;
rosK, schenckella, spiuigera, spreta,
teutonica, trimmerana 11

Ammophila heydeui, tydei 253

Biareolina neglecta 254^

Cerceris 5-fasciata 230

Chrysis 182

Crabro albilabris, 90, 137 ; gonager, 90 ;
kieseuwetteri, 83 ; species of, 83 ;
tibialis 90

Dufourea halictula, vulgaris 214

Halictus decipiens (sp. n.), 62 ; quadri-

notatus 62, 245

Hedychridium coriaceum 90, 137

Heriades truncorum 90

Hymenoptera, Aculeate, from Gibraltar 240

Lophyrus, species of, 144 ; sertifer, vi-

reus 214

Macropis labiata 90

Monoctenus juuiperi 143

Nomada alteruata, 11; borealis, 169;
flavoguttata, 170 ; roberjeotiaua ... 90

Panurgus cavannaj 253

Parasphex albisectus, viduatus 254

PAGE

Polistes gallicus 84

Pompilus approximntus 90

Prosopis genalis, 1)0 ; bipnuctata, gibba,

nibicola, variegata 254

Psithyrus distinctus, vestalis 171

Sapyga o-punctata 90

Sphex holosericea, sabulosa, tydei 254

Stizus distingueudus, 253 ; peregriuus .. 254

Tapinoma erraticuin 254

Vespa vulgaris 276

LEPIDOPTEHA.

Abantis (East Africa) 128

Abraxas grossulariata vars. lacticolor,
nigra, nigrosparsata, 40 ; var. var-
leyata, 22, 40, pantaria 121 , 203

Acentropus uiveus 42

Acidalia iraitaria, 121 ; virgulavia, 93 ;

(Gibraltar) 201, 242

Acleros (East Africa) 129

Acontia liicida, 199 ; luctuosa 200

Acra-a (P>;ist Africa) 47

Acroniesis neander 130

Acronycta alni, 39 ; runiicis 197

Adopsea (Gibraltar) 195

Aglossa cuprealis 22

Agriades coridon, var. semisyugrapha,

22 ; polonus, 41 ; thetis, ab. urauia.. (j9

Agrotis cinerea, 40 ; ciirsoria, 67 ; luni-
gera, 261 ; nigricaus, saiicia, 17 ;
(Gibraltar) 197, 242

Aliena picata 53

Alocides taikosama . 95

Amauris (East Africa) 46

Amphidrina agrotina 199

Andronymus philander 130

Anotsia plexippus 241

Antitype dubia 198

Anthocharis belia 92

Apaidia inesogona 234

Aphniolaus pallene 95

Araschuia levana 262

Arctia f uliginosa, 17, 241 ; latreillei, 234;

viilica 233

Argyunis auresiana, 24 ; latona, 241 ;
pandora 192

Asopia glaucinalis 243

Atella colunibina, plialantha 49

Axiocerces (East Africa) 95

Azanus (East Africa; 96

Baoris (East Africa) 129

Beleuois (East Africa) 98

Biston strataria 2U3

Boarmia repandata 42

Breuthis freija, frigga, 22 ; hanningtonii,

49; pales, 22, 43; polaris 22

Ihyophila muralis (Gibraltar), lO'^ ; var.
iiupar 40

Cacyreus (P]ast Africa) 96

Caprona pillaaua 128

Caradrina ((Gibraltar) 199

Carcharodus alcea^, althese 195

Castalius (East Africa) 96

Catacroptei'a cloanthe 50

Catocala (Gibraltar) 200, 242

Catochrysops ( East Africa) 97

Catoptria Juliana 36

('elastrina argiolus 215

Cebenorrhiuus bettini, galenus 128

Cerocala scapulosa 2 12

Charaxes jasius, 191 ; (East Africa) 52

Cheimatobia brumata 81

Chelonia plantaginis var 40

Chesias rufata 203

Chilades mahnllokoana 97

Choreutes niillerana 36

Clioroselas pseiulogeritis 95

Chrysoplianus abboti, 97 ; alciphron 115

Cidaria miata, psittacata 59

Clopsis rusticana 35

Cnephasia politana 36

Coccyx coniferana, cosmophorana 35

Cneuides cylinda 130

Cipnonympha (Gibraltar) 193

Coleophora agrammella, 40, 89 ; inula',

60; trigemiuella 40

Colias edusa, 188, 213, 260; var. 262;
hecla, 21 ; hyale 241

Cossus ligniperda 241

Craiiibus fascelinellus, 40 ; (Gibraltar)... 235

Crenis (East Africa) 60

Cryiuodes exulis 115

Cupidopsis cissus, jobates 97

Cyclopides (East Africa) 129

Cymatophora octogesima 42

Cyrestis camillus 50

Declaua floccosa 207

Deilephila euphorbia}, livornica 196

Deloucura ochrascens 94

D«mas coryli 75

PAGE

Dianthopcia capsophila 198

Dichelia hyerana 238

Depressaria (Gibraltar) 239

Dicrorauipha simplicitana 35

Drepanodes muriferata 207

Dryas paudora, 115 ; paphia, ab. dives .. 41

Dryobota saports 198

Duponchelia fovealis 236

Eagris (East Africa) 128

Econista agaritharia 233

Emmelesia unifasciata 35

Emmilia trabealis 242

Epamera (East Africa) 94

Ephippiphora fcenella 35

Ephyra (Gibraltar) 202

Epiuephele (Gibraltarl 193

Epirranthis alectoraria, hemipteraria . . . 207

Epuuda licheuea, 92 ; nigra 43

Eremobia ochroleuca 214

Erouia cleodora, leda 99

Euchloe cardamines, 21n ; eupheno,
eupheuoides, 122 ; tagis, 121 ; (Gib-
raltar) 190

Eucrostis beryllaria, menadaria 201

Eugonia quercaria 242

Euphaedra eleus, neophron, 51 ; themis,

ravola 45

Eupithecia (Gibraltar) 203

Enpujcilia alisniana, subroseana 36

Euprepia pudica 234

Enptera kinugnana 51

Euralia (East Africa) 50

Eurhipia adulatrix 199

Eurranthis penuigeraria, plumistaria 233

Euryphene ashantiua (sp. n.), 204;

chrienihilda, senegalensis 51

Euryphura aclilys 51

Eurytela hiarbas, dryope 50

Enxanthe tiberius, 52; wakefieldi 51

Everes hippocrates, micyclus 97

Evergestis politalis 237

Fidonia famula ... 242

Gegenes nostrodamus 129

Glottida pancratii 188

Glyphodes unionalis 237

Gnophodes parmeno 46

Gnophos aspei'aria, mucidaria, 233 ;

respersaria 242

Gonepteryx cleopatra, rhamni 191

Gonoptera libatrix 17

Gracilipalpus ephialtes 199

Grammod?s algira 200

Harma (sp. V-) ^^

Heliothis dipsc^'cea, 35 ; incaruata 242

Hellula undalis .-. ^37

Hemerophila japygi^'^ia ""*

Herminia crinalis ....^ ^"^

Hesperia acta^ou, nost'^'^'^'a™"^' ^-"1 >
(East Africa), 128 ; ;fiibraltar)

195

Himera pennaria

Homoeosoma sinuella

Hyalina albida

Hybernia aurantiaria, var.
marginaria

fusca,

241

79

.35, 235

235

40;
.. 89

Hydrelia uuca \^"

Hypanartia hippomeue, schffineia 4?

Hypeua lividalis, obsitalis 201

Hypolycajna (East Africa) 94

Hypsipetes ruberata 35

Hyria auroraria 35

Ilema apicalis 234

Ino statices 35

Kedestes (East Africa) 129

Lachnoptera ayresi 49

LiL'Sopis roboris 193

Lamoria jordanis 235

Lampides (Gibraltar) 194

Larentia (Gibraltar) 203, 243

Lasiocampa trifolii 197

Lecithocera luticornella 239

Leioptilus lienigianus 35

Leptidia sinapis 191

Leptomyrina hirundo, lara 95

Leucania albipuncta, 40 ; vitellina, 261 ;

(Gibraltar) 199

Leuceronia argia, 99 ; thalassiua 100

Libythea celtis, 115; laiiis 53

Ligia opacaria 242

Lithocolletis adenocarpi 239

Lithosia caniola 234

Lobophora sexalisata 35

Lophopteryx carmelita 35

Lozopera mauritanica 238

Lyca^ua adonis, 260; arion, 115; (Gib-
raltar) 194, 241

Lycc'enesthes (East Africa) 95

Mamestra (Gibraltar) 198

Mecyna polygonalis 237

Melanargia iues, syllius 192

Melanippe galiata 35

Melinda formosa 46

/' PAGE

Melitapa trivia, 115 ; aurinia, 44^, 121 ;

(Gibraltar) 7. ...192, 2U

Melliuia ocellaris / '13

Mess.aga monteironis ./■ 41

Metasia suppaudalis /■ 237

Metoptria monogrammiA 200

Metrocampa lioiiorariiVi, 203 ; margaritata 24

Mycalesis dentata, 'kenia 46

Myelois eeratonin i, cribrella 236

Mylothris (East. Africa) 97

Myrina derni'-fiptera, ficedula 94

Nacaduba sichela 96

Nemeorpiiila plantaginis, var. hospita, 43 ;

r' iissula 36

Ne' JQOtois latreillellus 239

^iVeptidopsis f nlgurata, ophione 50

Neptis hicilla, 115; (East Africa) 50

Neuria reticulata 43

Nemoria herbaria, 242 ; pulmentaria . . . 201

Noctua stigmatica 40

Noctuelia floralis, isatidalis 238

Nola cicatricalis 241

Nonagria arundineta, 40 ; dissoluta, 24 ;

elyiui, 17; sparganii, typhiB 232

Notodonta chaonia, dodonaja 35

Nycteola falsalis 233

Nymphula stagnalis 236

Nyssia zonaria 43

Ocneria atlantica, 241 ; dispar 120, 196

CEneis jutta, noma 22

Olethreutes ochroleucana 67

Oncocera ahenella 40

Ophiusa bifasciata 242

Orces telisiguata 130

Orcyiiia calcarata, tarsaljs 67

Orgyia antiqua, 9 ; josephinii;, 241 ; tri-

gotephras 120, 196

Ortholitha peribolata 243

Oxybia transversella 236

Pachnobia faceta 19"

Papilio andr;i'nion, cacicus, 22 ; dar-
danii.'^, var. leighi, 93 ; helleri, 22 ;
polvtes, 165; (East Africa), 127;

(Gibraltar) 189

Pardalcodes iiicertus 129

Parnara (East Africa) 129, 195

Parosmodos (East Africa) 129

Pentila amenaida, pencetia 53

Phlwodes erenana, 64 ; demarniana 35

Phoxopteryx derasana, 35 ; inornataua.. 89

Phrissura (East Africa) 98

Phryxus li vomica 40, 93, 261

PAGE

Phj'laria cyara 96

Pieris brassicw var., 40; ergane, manni,

92; (Gibraltar) 190

Pinaropteryx (East Africa) 98

Pionea (Gibraltar) 237

Planema (East Africa) 49

Platyptilia miantodactyla 159

Plusia chalcites, 121 ; hochenwarthii, 261 ;

(Gibraltar) 200

Ploetzia cirymica 130

Poliachi 40

Polygonia c-albnni, 89 ; egea 115

Polyommatus icarus, 44 ; phlseas, 69 ;

ab. radiata, 35, ab. schmidtii 66

Pontia dapl idice 92

Precis (East- Africa) 49

Pseudacrica (East Africa) 51

Pterophorus ( Gibraltar) 237

Pyrameis abj'ssinica, 49 ; atalanta, 214 ;

cardui 49, 214

Pyrausta (Gibraltar) 237

Pyrrhochalcia iphis 44

■Raphia hybris 242

Retinia turionana 36

E-hinosia f ormosella 239

Rhodophaja foi-mosa 35

Rhodostrophia calabraria 202

Rhopalocampta (East Africa) 130

Salamis (East Africa) 50

Sarangesa (East Africa) 128

Saturnia carpini, 242 ; pyri 197

Satyrus (Gibraltar) 192

Scha'nobius forficellus, mucronellus 42

Sciapteron tabanifornie 241

Scodiona belgiaria 163

Scoparia galactalis(sp; n.), 250; lineola,

237; vafra (sp.n.) 158

Seotosia dubitata 59, 80

Selidosenia dejectaria, fenerata, 207 ;

plumaria 242

Sesamia nonagrioides 198

Sesia allaiitiforniis, astatiformis, chal-

cidiformis, cirgis.i, 16 ; (Gibraltar) . 235

Spalgis lemolea 95

Spilosoma urtica' 232

Spindasis (East Africa) 96

Spintherops spectrum 242

Stegania triinaculata 203

Stemniatopliora gadesialis 243

Steuia brnguieralis, 236 ; punctalis 237

Stugeta bowkeri 94

PAGE

Stygia australis 235

Tapiuostola musculosa 242

Taragama repanda 197

Tarucus louisiB, telicanus 96

Telipua rogersi 53

Tephrouia codetaria 204

Tephrosia luridata 42

Teracolus (East Africa! 98

Terias (East Africa) 100

Teriomima (East Africa) 94

Terpnomicta dilectaria 242

Thais rumiua 190

Thalpochares ostrina, 216 ; (Gibraltar).. 200
Thamuouoma gesticularia, 242 ; semi-

cauaria 233

Thecla ilicis, spini 193

Tliera variata 114

Tliestor ballus, 193 ; mauritanicus 241

Tinea pallescentella, 116; (Gibraltar) ... 239

Tamiocampa gracilis, var 165

Tortrix pronubana 67, 238

Trichura cerberus 67

Trigonophora flammea 242

Uranothauma (East Africa) 96

Vanessa io, 64 ; polychloros, 192: urticit,

214, 241

Veuusia verriculata 207

Virachola (East Africa) 94

Xauthia aurago, 39 ; citrago, 67 ; ocell-

aris 43

Xanthorhoe lucidata, rosearia 207

Zegris eupheme 191

Zephyrus quercus 193

Zizeeria (East Africa) 97

Zophodia convolutella 236

Zophopetes drysemipbila 130

Zygajna hippocrepidis, 36 ; (Gibraltar).., 234

MALLOPHAGA.

Aucistrona gigas 36

Colpocephalum importunum 36

Docophorus celedoxus, megacephalus,

merguli 113

Liotheids 36

Nirmus interruptus 18

xiu.
NEUROPTERA and TRICHOPTERA.

PAGE

^schuH borealis (cturulea), 23 ; cyanea,

grandis 272

Agraylea pallidula : 230, 259

Agriou puella, pulchellum 272

Agrypnia pagetana 273

Anax imperator 241

Brachytron hafnieuse 272

Calopteryx hannorrhoidalis 241

Ghrysopa flava, phyllochroma, teuella,

vulgaris 273

Colpotaulius incisus 17, 273

Couiopterys tineiforhiis 116

Cyrnus flavidus 273

Enallagma cyathigerum 272

Glyphot;flius pellucidus 17

Grammotauliiis atomarius, 273; uitidus..

17, 273

Holocentropus stagnalis 273

Hemerobius lutescens, subnebulosus 273

Ischnura elegans 17

Lertha barbara 41

Lestes viridis, 241 ; sponsa 271

Libellula quadrimaculata 273

Limuophilus afSnis, flavicoruis, 17, 273;

marmoratus 273

Mesophylax impuuctatus 259

Nemoura variegata 274

Nemoptera bipennis, coa 41

(Ecetis lacustris, ochracea 273

Ouycliogoiuphus uucatus 241

Palpares libelluloides 241

Pauorpa communis 17, 273

Phrygauea grandis 273

Polycentropus flavomaculatus 273

Pyrrhosoma uymphula 272

Rbaphidia notata 114

Sialis lutaria 272

Somatochlora alpestris 23

Steuophylaxpermistus,17,273 ; stellatus 259
Sympetrum sauguiueum, 241, 273 ; strio-

latum 17, 273

Tria'uodes bicolor 273

ORTHOPTERA.

Acheta biniaculata 164

Acrida nasuta 241

Acridium iugyptium 164

Apterygida albipennis 260

PACK

Blabera cubensis 1<')4

Decticus Tcrrucivorus 260

Diiistrammeua marraorata 262

Forfioula lesuei 260

(iomphocerus rufus 261

Iris oratoria 241

Labidura riparia 21, 241

Mantis religiosa 241

(Edipoda cicrulescens, fuscociucta 241

Piachytylus cinerascens 241

Platycleis loeselii 16, 68

Thaiiniotriuon cineieus 232, 260

Stenobotlirus bicolor, 17, 260 ; elegans,

17; liuoatus, paralellus, viridulus ... 260

PROTURA.

Acerentomon affiue, dodeioi (sp. ii.) ,

PAGE

.. 173

SIPIIONAPTERA.

PAGE

Ceratophyllus borealis 182

Cteuophthalmus calceatus 208

Listropsylla chehira (sp. n.) 207

Ornithopsylla lastitiiu 90

Typhloceras poppei 18

THYSANOPTERA.

Crjrptothrips dentipes 172

Haplothrips cephalotes (sp. n.), 265 ;

distinguendus, 228 ; iuucorum (sp.

n.), 227, 264 ; obscuripennis (sp. n.),

264; oryz;e 264

Megathrips bonannii, lativentris, 173 ;

aobilis 172

Melanothrips uigricornis (sp. n.), 263;

species of 264

Tiichothrips ca'spitis, lougisetis, pedicu-

laris, piopinquus 172

ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH INSECT FAUNA
BROUGHT FORWARD IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.
SPECIES.

PAGE

Actobius yteueiisis, Sharp 101

Apioii huniile, Germ. ,\-Ar. medianum, Th. 227
,, selousi, Newhery ( = subulatum,

Kirby, auom.) 154, 212

Atheta britteui, Joij 1 64

,, magniceps, Sa/ii6 77

,, malleus, Joj/ 68

,, melauocera, Joy 67

,, obtusangula, Joy 58

,, termiualis, Grau 78

„ tomliiii, Joy 58

Bembedium velcx, Er., var. cyaueotiuc-

tuui, Jieitt 135

Bledius gulielini, Sharp (= defensus,

Fauv.) 1, 256

Biadycellus distinctus, Dej 54

Chrysoinela crassicornis, HeiJiese?! 211

Cryptobium giabeiiimuin, Payh. ...150, 186
Haliplus brownei. Sharp, 75 (=biowne-

aiius, Sharp) 108

PAGE

Houialota aquatilis, T/ioms 7

,, fulvipennis, JWMia-. e^ jRey 151

,, gynandrica, S^ioj-p 152

,, iuoptata, S/iarp 162

,, reperta, S/wtr^p 152

,, subquadiata. Sharp 162

Lathrobium letzneri 34

Philonthus scoticus, Joy a7id Tomlin ... 100

,, vaiius, GyJZ., var.shotlaudicus,

Pojypius 136

Quedius subapicalis, Joy 76

Tachys walkerianus, S/iarp 125

Thiuobius macroceros (= longicornis),

Joy... 156, 276

TrachyphloBus digitalis, Gyll 126

Trogophloeus hemeiiuus, Joy 155

Xaiitholiuus scoticus, Joy 226

,, substrigosus, Joy 226

— Leptaciuus batychrus, Oyll 276

DIPTERA

PAGE

Aciopsilus niger, iw 131

Acyphona areolata, Siebhe 181

Aphaniosoma approximatum, Becfe 134

,, quadrinotatum, ,, 134

Calliophrys exuta, E'ow 132

Chilosia globulipes, Beck 132

Chiromomus fascipennis, Zeff 174

Ctenosia perpusilla, Meigr 85

„ stigmatica, Wood 87

Cyrtoma intermedia, Lundblc 104

,, pilosa ,, 104

„ simplicipes, Zeff 105

Dexiopsis lactipeunis, Zett 132

„ rubricornis ,, 133

Dicranomyia rufiventris, Strobl 180

Diplotoxa ruficeps, Zet< 134

Empis rufiveutris, Metgr 106

Hilara albocingulata, Wood 13

„ fulvibarba, SfrofcJ 106

„ quadiifaria ,, 106

Hyetodesia magnicornis, Ze^i 85

Limosina CEenosa, iJ'/uZ 133

„ puUula, ZcH 133

Lispe consanguinea, Liv 132

Listropoda blasii, Kol 258

Pegomyia dulcamarae, Wood 85

,, nigrisquama, SfetM 133

,, uhaSLTia, Rnd 133

Rhabdophaga albipennis, HoMard 258

Rhamphomyia hirtula, Zett 105

,, hybrida ,, 105

,, nigripennis, -P 105

,, obscura, Zett 106

,, tibialis, 1/eigr 105

Saproniyza lajta, Zett 134

,, quadrinotata, ZeW 134

Sciara semialata, Edwards 210

PAGE

Tachydromia macula, Zett 130

,, thoracica,, Lundbk 130

Thripticus nigricauda, Wood 268

HEMIPTERA.

Aspidiotus bavaricus, Lindinger 103

Psyllopsis distinguenda, Edwards 251

HYMENOPTERA.

Andrena rosae, Panz., race anglica,

A If ken... 10

race teutonica,

Alfken... 10

Crabro kiesenwetteri, Moraivits 83

Halictns decipiens, Perkins 62

Monoctenus jnniperi, Linn 143

Polistes gallicus, ,, 84

Psithyrus distinctus, Peres 171

LEPIDOPTERA.

Scoparia vafra, Jlfet/ricfc 15

PROTURA.
Acerentomon afBne, Bagi7iaiJ 173

TRICHOPTERA.

Agraylea pallidula, McLach 230

THYSANOPTERA.

Haplothrips cephalotes, Bfi^naK 265

,, distinguendus, Uzel 228

,, juncorum, Bfli/naii 227

,, obscuripennis, ,, 264

LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES, &c.,
DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME.

APIIANIPTLRA.

PACK

Listropsylla clieliira, N. C. Rothschild.

S. Africa ... ?()7

COLEOPTERA.
GENUS.
Tribolioides (Cren. nov.), Blair,

Tropical Africa... 221
SPECIES.
Actobiiis ytenensis, Sharp, Xew Forest... Idl
Auadastus shelfordi, Fender, Borneo ... 27
ApionseloHsi, Neivhery, Britain{^=s\\h\\-

latum, Kirhy, anom.) lot, 226

Atheta britteni, .7o?/, Britain 154

,, doderoi, Cameron, Gibraltar ... 78

,, maWeus, Joy, Britain 58

, , melanocera, Joy, Britain 57

,, ohtnsaagn]a,, Joy, Britain 58

,, toniliiii, ,/o;/, Bnfam 58

Bledius giilielnii, S/(«j-j3, JB7-i7arn 1

Cfenolauguria oculata, Foicler, Borneo 27

Gabnus cyphouotus, Joy, Caucasus 25

,, Intro, Joy, Caucasus 26

,, priniisenius, Joy, N.W. Spain 25
,, saestdotdlis, Joy, Cazicasus ... 26
,, siibuigritulus, Joy, Caucasus... 26

,, sunra.cra.ni, Joy, Dalmafia 26

., toruiMi, Joy, Caucasus 26

,, toxotes, Joy, Dalmatia 26

Haliplus browuei, fiharp, Netv Forest... 75
^hrowueiimis, Sharp, Nero Forext... 108
Honialota gyuandriea ,, ,, ., 153
,, iuoptata, ,, ,, ,, 152
,. reperta, ,, ,, ^^ 152

,, .subquadrata ,, „ ,, 15,3
Metamasius bromeliadicola, Champion,

Costa Rica... 5
Mordellistena cattleyana. Champion,

Venezuela {?}... 56
Musicodenis nigioca-ruleus, Cameron,

Jamaica... 175
,, spiiiicoiuis, Champion,

Costa Rica... 4
Philontlnis scoticus, Joy and Tomlin,

Scotland... 100
Quediiis siibapicali.':, Joy, New Forest ... 76
Tarhys walkcrianus, Sharp, Ne^v Forest 125

Thinobius niacroeeros (^ longicornis),

Joy, Britain 156, 275

Trogophhviis hemerinus, ,, ,, ... 155

Xantholinus scoticus, ,, ,, ... 226

,, substrigosus, ,, ,, ... 226

(= Leptacinus batychrus, Gv/iL) ... 276

DIPTEKA.

SPECIES.

Coenosia stigmatica. Wood, England

.. 87

Hilara albocingulata, ,, ,,

.. 13

Pegoinyia dulcamara', ,, „

.. 85

Sciara semialata, Edtvards, „

.. 210

'i'hrypticus nigricauda, Wood, „

.. 268

HEMIPTERA.

SPECIES.
Pamera alboannulata, Champion, Costa

Rica g

Psyllopsis distinguendus, J. Edicards,

Neiv Forest, England 251

HYMENOPTERA.

SPECIES.
Halictus decipiens, Perkins, England... 62

LEPIDOPTERA.

SPECIES.
Euryphene ashantiua. Dudgeon, West

Africa 204

Scoparia galactalis, Hudson, New Zea-
land 260

Scopa.ria, vaha., Meyrick, England 158

THYSANOPTERA.

SPECIES.

Haplothrips cephalotes, Bagnall,

Cvfordshire 265
,, .iuncoium, Bagnall,

Oxfordshire 227
,, obscuripenuis, Bagnall,

Oxfordshire 264
IMelauotlirips nigricoruis, Bagnall,

Tunisia 263

ERRATA

Page 9, line 9 from bottom, for " 0. bruviata " read " C. brumata:
24 „ bottom, insert "of" before " Hydriomena."
top for " incertas " read " incerhis."

top, for " Arachnid " read " Arachnids."
bottom, for " schenkella " read " schenckella."
bottom, for " gallica " read " gallicus."
bottom, for " trees " read " scree."

129, ,

, 39,

162, ,

, 2

170, ,

, 9

215, ,

, 6

259, ,

6

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Plate I. — Some new Species of Gabrhis (see pp. 25, 26).

„ II-III. — Some interesting British Insects (see pp. 172-174),

„ IV. — Ceratophyllus borealis, Rothsch., <? (see p. 182).

„ V. — Listropsylla chelura, Rothsch., ^ ? , and CtenophtJialmus

calceatus, Watei'st. <? (see pp. 207-8).

Portrait— Prof. Odo Morannal Renter, Hon. F.E.S. (see pp. 230-1).

A/{^

y^(\

c.

Second ^ries^No. 277.] j^nuAEY, 1913^ [Peice 6rf. het

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BT

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

W. W. FOWLEE, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

E. W. LLOTD, F.E.S. G. T. POREITT, F.L.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

SECOND SERIES-VOL. XXIV.

[VOL. XLIX.]

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JAN 11 1913

LONDON

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SECOND SERIES-VOL. XXIV.

[VOLUME XLIX].

EDITORIAL.

lu consequence of his permanent residence abroad, Lord
Walsingliam announces, with much regret, that he finds himself
unable to continue his services as joint Editor of this Magazine,
and desires to withdraw his name from the list of our staff. We,
on our part, equally regret the loss of so valuable and efficient a
colleague, whose vacant place in his special department will not
readily be filled.

DESCEIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF BLEDIUS.
BY D. SHARP, M.A., P.R.S.

Bledius gulielmi, sp. n.

Niger, ore, palpis, antennis pedihusque (his cumque coxis) flavis ;
prothorace vix transversa, crebius fortiterque puncfato, minus subtiHter
puhescente ; elytris prothorace paulo longiorihus, ad humeros angiistatis,
crebre suhtiliterque punctatis ; abdomine basin versus angnstato. Long. 4<mm.

Hah. : Anglia bor.

Closely allied to B. annpe (D. Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag., xlvii, p. 31),
agreeing with that species in the clear yellow colour of the antennae
and legs, but distinguished by the coarser and closer punctuation of
the thorax, and its longer pubescence, as well as by the abdomen
strongly narrowed at the base. As it is, as it were, an exaggeration of
B. annm it is not likely to be confoimded with any other species.

Described from three specimens found by Mr. W. E. Sharp in
Yorkshire, and named in his honour.

A note by him on the circumstances of its capture will be
found on p. 14.

Brockenhurst :

December Sth, 1912.

>fUART, 1913.

„ [January,

COLEOPTERA, &c., IN BROMELIADS.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Ill Vol. xlvii of this Magazine, pj). 17, 18 (1911), we i)iil)lislied
an extract from one of Prof. P. P. Calvert's interesting papers on
the Odonata larvae observed bv him in epiphytic Bromeliads in Costa
Eica. In another of his articles, entitled " Studies on Costa llican
Odonata" [Ent. News, xxii, pp. 401-411 (Nov., 1911)], he alludes to
various Coleoptera, &c. (larvae and imagines) occurring in these plants.
The insects mentioned in this paper were presented by Calvert to the
U. S. National Museum at Washington, and some of the beetles have
recently been sent me for determination by the authorities of that
institution. Mons. C. Picado, of Paris, too, has also forwarded to me,
or to Mr. Clahan, certain Coleoptera and Hemiptera olttained from
Costa Rican Bromeliads, and as he has been land enough to allow
us to retain these insects for the P>ritish Museum, I take the
opportunity of publishing some remarks upon them and describing
three new forms. Another paper bearing on this subject, entitled
" A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Fauna of Bromeliaceoe,"
by Mr. Hugh Scott, was published in October last [Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist. (8) x, pp. 424-438, pi. 10]. This paper gives an account
of the author's observations in Trinidad, Dominica, and the Seychelle
Islands, and notes upon various insects, including a peculiar Dytiscid
(A(ih/mbus hromeliarum, Scott), and a remarkable Hemipteron {Micro-
velia insignis, Dist.) from Trinidad, &c. The " Helodine " larva from
Trinidad and Dominica mentioned by him, may be that of a Scirtes*,
M. Picado having bred a species of this genus from a larva found in a
Costa Eican Bromeliad. The former is described by Mr. Scott as " long
and narrow, not tapering much towards the posterior extremity, flattened
dorso-ventrally, with filamentous anteniue nearly as long as tlu; body,
and a group of rectal gills." It is apparently very lilvc that of
Helodes minuta.

The Coleoptera enumerated by Mr. Scott and Prof. Calvert belong
to Jjjjtiscidse, Hydrophilidae, Stapliylinidie, Trichopterygidse, Copridas,
Elateridx, Dascillidx, Lampyridse, Endomychidce, Erotylidoe, Tene-
brionidx, and Cnrcnlionidfe. The Costa Eican forms before me include :
Colpodes purpuratus, Eeiche, a Carabid said by M. Picado to be
abundant everywhere in Bromeliads. Phsenonotum tarsale, Sharp, a
Hydrophilid, and an allied smaller form (gen. near Perochthes)
belongiiv; to the same family (both noted by Calvert), Juan Vinas.

* M. .Soverin, of tlio Unissels iMuseum, has recently sent rue two .species of the allied ^
genus Ora, Clai-k, from Trinidad, for determination : one is referable to 0. marnwrata, Clianiji.,
the other is a new .species allied to 0. nUnicurnk.

1S13.] 3

PhilontJmft ochromervs, Sharp, a common Central American insect not
previously recorded from Costa Rica, Orosi. Musicoderus, n. sp.,
Pitahaya. Ophiomedon stipes. Sharp, two specimens, with the disc
of the elytra infuscate near the sutvire, Orosi ; the types were from
Guatemala and Nicaragua. Crytohium, n. sp., one specimen found by
Calvert, and now in the U. S. Nat. Museum, Juan Vinas. Colastus
ater, Murray, a Nitidulid, Orosi. Scaphidium variabile, Mattli., Orosi.
Thallisella crotchi, Gorham, an Erotylid (noted by Calvert), Pitahaya.
Troclioideus americanus, Buquet, one female ( = T. gondoti, Guer.)
(noted by Calvert as a new Endomychid gen vis), Juan Viiias ; both
sexes were found by the present writer in Chiriqui. Scirtes, n. sp.f
Metamasius dimidiatipennis, Jekel, Juan Vinas (noted by Calvert) ;
M. ciiicinnatus and M. ochreofasciatus, Champ., and M. hehetatus,
Gyll., Orosi, and a n. sp. of the same genus, La Estrella. Prof. Calvert
also records Alegoria dllatata, Cast., a Tenebrionid not hitherto noted
from Costa Eica, from Juan Vinas ; and the larvae mentioned by him
(op. cit.) ai'e said to belong to genera near Semiotus, Dolopius, and
Photuris. Mr. Scott, in the article above referred to, justly remarks
that " the fauna inhabiting the spaces between the bases of leaves
of Monocotyledouous plants in the tropics offers for investigation
a fascinating field, in which that of the Bromeliacex is pre-eminent
in its interest. The curious funnel-like form and closely fitting leaf-
bases of these plants adapting them for the holding of water and
organic detritus, their distribution throughout the. richest parts of the
Neotropical Region, their vast numbers of individuals and frequent
epiphytic habit, all lead to the expectation that they may contain a
rich and interesting series of animal forms." According to Ohaus,
the water in Bromeliads does not altogether disappear in the dry
season, even in places where sometimes rain does not fall for months.
From this it can be seen that the fauna is likely to be largely amphi-
bious or aquatic in nature. We now know that a Dytiscid, three
Hydrophilids, a Dascillid (Scirtes), the larvae of various Odonates, a
caddis-fly, a Stratiomyid, &c., live in the water collected in these plants ;
and the presence of five large Calandrids of the genus Metamasius in a
small collection made in Costa Rica clearly indicates that the larvae
of these weevils must (like those of the Elaterids mentioned by Calvert)
attack the leaf -bases of the Bromeliads.

Some remarks on the Calandrids and descriptions of the new
Musicoderus (a genus very closely related to Philonthus) and Metamasius,
are appended below. A new Lygseid was also sent by M. Picado, and
a description of this insect is also given.

t M. Picado informs me that }ie intends shortly to publish a description of this insect and its larva.

[Januaiy,

4

COLEOPTERA.
STAPHYLINID^.
MUSICODERUS.
Mnsicoderns, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Am., Coleopt. i. 2, p. 455 (1885.)

MUSICODERUS SPINICORNIS, U. Sp.

Black, the mandibles and fifth tarsal joint piceous, the claws testaceous ; the
elytra and hind body clothed with long- scattered decumbent hairs intermixed
with very long erect black sets ; the punctures on the head and thorax eacli
bearing a long erect seta ; the legs pilose ; the tibia? with a row of spines on
their outer edge ; the anterior femora with numerous closely placed long spines
beneath in <? , and four spines in ? . Antenna- setulose, rather stout, moderately
long ; joints 5-10 subquadrate, becoming shorter outwards ; 6-10 transverse
in 9 ; joint 1 armed with three long spines (the intermediate one longer than
the othei-s) at the tip beneath in S ■ Mandibles about as long as the head
in 9 , much longer in S ■ Head not wider than the thorax in ? , miich broader
in S , depressed and obsoletely canaliculate in the centre between the eyes in
both sexes, and impressed with scattered coarse pimctures, except along the
middle. Thorax with a dorsal series of five punctures and also with other
scattered coarse punctures towards the sides. Scutellum coarsely punctate.
Elytra broad, much longer than the; thorax, impressed with scattered moderately
coarse punctures. Hind body somewhat closely, coarsely punctate...

Length, 10.\ nnn.

Hab : Costa Rica, Pitaliaya ; alt. 1400 metres.

One pair, fotmcl in November. Near If. cejjhalotes. Sharp, from
Panama ; but with the antennae and hind body entirely black, the
antennoi shorter and stouter, the second joint of the labial palpi not
longer than the first, the elytra much longer, the posterior femora
without true spines, the anterior femora closely spinose beneath in
the male, and the first antennal joint armed with three spines at the
tip in that sex. Numerous specimens of M. ceplialott's were captured
by myself in Chiriqui, but unfortunately no note was made as to their
habits. The diagnosis of Musicoderus requires modification to include
M. spinicornis, the long second joint of the labial palpi having been
selected as one of the generic characters ; but in the armature of the
femora, &c., the present species agrees perfectly with M. cephalotes and
M. gracilis. The allied genus Onthodyynus, Sharp, has also been
found in Bromeliads, and it is highly probable that Misantlius lives
in similar plants.

CALANDRID^.

Metamasius.
Metamn ius, Horn, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. xiii, pp. 408, 410 (1873) ;
Cliampion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Coleopt. iv, 7, p. 103 (1910).

1913.] 5

Prof. Calvert (Eut. News, xxii, p. 405 (1911)], has recorded one
species of this genus, 31. dimidiatipennis, Jekel (figured by me in the
"Biologia"), from Bromeliads. Four others are represented in the
material sent me by M. Picado. One of these, fi-om Orosi, is
M. (Sphenophoms) hebetatus, Gryll. (also figured by me in the
" Biologia "), and, like If. dimidiatipennis, already known from Costa
Eica ; the remaining three are enumerated below.

Metamasitjs cincinnatus.

Metamasius cincinnatus, Champ, (loc. cit.) p. 110, pi. 5, fig. 18 (J).

Hab. : Costa Eica, La Mica, Orosi ; alt. 1300 metres.

One male, much infested with Acari, found in January, differing

from the unique discoloured Nicaraguan male, in having the rostrum,

femora, tibiae, metasteruum, and basal half of the abdomen in great

part rufous, and the black marking on the disc of the thorax reduced

to a short posteriorly bifurcate median vitta on the anterior half.

The posterior tibiae have a dense tuft of long curled fulvous hairs near

the middle of the inner margin, and a few long hairs between this

and the tip.

Metamasius ochbeofasciatus.

Metamasius ochrenfasciatus, Champ, (loc. cit.) p. 113, pi. 5, fig. 28 ( ? ).

S . Rostrum narrowly sulcate beneath and with the margins of the groove
very feebly crenulate ; posterior tibise with a tuft of long curled fulvous hairs
at about the middle of the inner margin ; ventral excavation very broad and
deep, extending from aboiit the centre of tlie metasternum to near the second
abdominal suture ; the fiftli segment transversely depressed at the apex, and
with the coarse punctiu-es along the middle each bearing a long erect hair.

Hah. : Costa Eica, Orosi ; alt. 1300 metres.

Three males and two females. The type, from Azahar de Cartago,
was a female. The male proves, as anticipated hy me (I. c, p. 104),
to have long hairs on the hind tibiae. In cue ti the Orosi specimens
the narrow ochreous fascia on the elytra is reduce i to a .small spot
and in another it is entirely wanting.

Metamasius bromeliadicola, n. sp.

(? . Elongate, subfusiform, somewhat shining ; black, the antennal scape,
the base of the femora, the tibise and tarsi in part, and some indefinite spots
along the sides of the body beneath, rufous ; the prothorax rufous, with a
sagittiform median vitta, and an elongate stripe on each side of it on the
posterior half, these markings becoming coalescent at about the middle of the
disc, and the sides anteriorly, black ; the elytra sordid ochreous, with various
black streaks and spots, the streaks tending to form a transverse post^basal

6

[January,

fascia and a triangular patch on the disc before the middle. Rostrum curved,
rather slender, shorter than the prothorax, thickened at the base, sparsely very
finely punctate; the frontal fovea small. Prothorax elongate, subconical, with
a few coarse deep punctures along the middle of the disc at the base, and a row
of punctures along the basal margin ; the apical constriction also punctate, the
rest of the dorsal siu-face almost smooth. Scutellum elongate, smooth. Elytra
long, narrowed posteriorly, rather coarsely punctate-striate ; the interstices
with widely scattered excessively minute punctures, 1-5 more or less convex,
the others flat. Pygidium coarsely, densely punctate. Beneath coarsely punc-
tate, except along a broad space down the middle of the metasterniun and tlie
ventral segments 1-4, which is much smoother; ventral depression broad,
reaching the first suture ; the fiftli segment transversely depressed at the apex
and with the coarse punctvires along the middle each bearing an erect hair.
Tibia' witlunit tooth at the inner apical angle, the posterior pair densely ciliate
with long fulvoiis hairs from near the base to the apex...

Length, 12 nun. Breadth, 41 mm.

Hah. : Costa Eica, La Estrella ; alt. 2000 metres.

One male, found in September. Near M. qvaclrUmeatvs, Champ.,
from Mexico and Griiatemala, but with very different elytral markings;
the fulvous hairs on the posterior tibiae ( (^ ) extending along the inner
margin to the tip, and not clustered into a median tuft. The rostrum
is narrowly grooved beneath, as in the females of various allied forms.
M. connexus has similarly formed hind tibiae in the male, but it is not
very nearly allied to the present species.

HEMIPTERA.

LYC^ID^.

Pamera.

Pamem, Say, Heteropt. Hemipt. N. Am. (1831) ; Distant, Biol.

Centr.-Am., Ehynchota, i, p. 206 (1882).

Pamera alboannulata, n. sp.
Elongate, narrow ; black or brownish-black, the posterioj- lobe of the
pronotiun sometimes fuscous and with the lateral angles, basal margin, and
two minute spots in front, ochreous ; the tip of the scutellum, two transverse
fascia) on the coriixm, the outer margin of the latter to about the middle, and a
triangular patch at its base, whitish, and an oblong or oblique spot near the
inner apical angle of the corium, and the tip of the cuneus ochreous ; the second
joint of the antennae ochreous or brown, the ft)urth with a broad white annulus
near the base ; the base of the femora, the tibia;, and the first two joints of the
tarsi pale ochreous ; the rostrum pale brown ; the surface finely pubescent,
the head, pronotvmi, and scutellum with intermixed long scattered erect hairs ;
the femora and the intermediate and posterior tibiae set witli scattered stiff
projecting setaj : the anterior femora armed with two or three short spines
towards the apex beneath. Head densely punctate, tlie basal portion short ;

1913.] 7

the eyes large and prominent ; antennse very finely pubescent, rather slender,
about reaching the cnneus, joint 2 very elongate, longer than 3, 3 and 4
siib-eqnal in length, 3 distinctly thickened outwards ; rostrum reaching the
middle coxaB. Pronotuni moderately constricted at the sides, feebly arcuate-
eniarginate at the base ; finely punctate. Hemelytra sub-parallel, very little
narrower than the jDronotum ; finely punctate. Terminal abdominal segment
of S reaching beyond the membrane, curved upwards at the tip and sulcata
behind. Nynn)h : Brownish-black, the hemelytra with a large, posteriorly
tridentate, ochreous patch at the base ; the abdomen fuscous, variegated with
ochraceous ; antennae with joint 2 ochreous, and 4 with a broad white annulus
at the base ; tibia? and tarsi ochreous ; femora blackish-brown. Antennse stout,
joint 2 not longer than 4, 3 a little shorter and thickened outwards ; head
smaller and shorter than in imago, the eyes smaller, the ocelli wanting ; legs
shorter than in imago, the setse shorter ; the anterior femora armed with two
or three short spines; tarsi with two joints of eqiial length...

Length, 5.^-6^ mm. Breadth, 1^-lf mm. (J?.)

Hah. : Costa Rica, Orosi ; alt. 1200 metres.

One male, three females, and two uymplis, received from M. Picado,

and stated to have been found in Bromeliads. Very near P. vicinalis,

Dist. (Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch. i, p. 207, pi. 19, fig. 13), from Alta

Vera Paz, from which it differs in having the first joint of the antennae

black, the fourth sharply albo-auuulate near the base, and the third

longer than the second ; the corium albo-bifasciate ; the membrane

black to the tip ; and the anterior femora armed with two or three

spines only. The nymph has the second antennal joint relatively

shorter, the third stouter, and the annulus on the fourth extending

to the base.

Heatherside, Horsell, Woking :
December, 1912.

HOMALOTA (LIOGLUTA) AQUATILIS, Thoms. { ? = SERICANS, Eey),
A SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA NEW TO BRITAIN.

BY PHILIP DE LA GARDE, R.N., F.E.S.

Form I'ather broad and rol)ust. Head and thorax dull brassy-black ; elytra
brown ; hind-body shining pitchy-black, with apex somewhat lighter. Thorax
and elytra plainly pvibescent. Antennse dark, with lighter base. Legs reddish-
or brownish-yellow.

Head large and transverse, not much narrower than thorax, finely
alutaceous on vertex and slightly asperate behind eyes. Antennse long and
gradually thickened ; none of the joints transverse ; third joint longer than
second, foiirth shorter than fifth, 5-10 about equal in length, but gradvially
becoming broader so that the tenth is aliout as long as broad ; last joint half as
long again as tenth. Thorax subquadrate, one fourth broader than long, with

Q [January,

sides nearly straight and parallel, posterior angles marked ; finely alutaceous and
moderately closely sprinkled with minute asperities ; with a broad depression
at base. Elytra about the length of, and slightly broader than, thorax ;
alutaceous and thickly covered with little asperities, far more sti'ongly
sculptured than thorax. Abdomen slightly narrowed from middle to apex ;
punctuation fine and very sparse at base, getting less towards sixth segment,
which (except sometimes at apex) is practically smooth ; last segment
asperately punctm-ed. Male with apex of seventh dorsal segment strongly
emarginate, generally in the segment of a circle but sometimes nearly
angularly, the emargination being more or less obsoletely crenulate. Female
with apex of seventh dorsal segment slightly and simply emarginate ; fourth
joint of antenna; a little longer proportionately than that of the male ; otlier-
wise there appears to be no visible difference between the sexes. Length, 4 mm.

Tliis insect has occasionally occurred to nie in flood-ruljliish at
Buckfastleisj;li and Christow, and to Mr. S. Gr. Kendel at Tiverton ; in
rill moss at S. Brent and Loddiswell ; and, more freely, in a swamp at
Dawlish — this particular spot is, unfortunately, now useless. On
showing it to Mr. Newbery he suggested that the species was
H. aquatil'is, Thorns., and, later on, Dr. Cameron kindly submitted
specimens to Dr. Bernhauer who has confirmed the name. From
if. aquatica, which perhaps it most resembles, the present species can
be roughly distinguished by the longer antennae, broader front parts,
and shorter elytra, as well as by the ^ characters. It has also con-
siderable relationship to H. graminicola, in the same group {Liocjhda)
with which it is placed by Thomson.

8, Queen's Terrace,

St. David's, Exeter :
November 22nd, T912.

APTEROUS FEMALES OF CERTAIN LEPIDOPTERA.
BY T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S.

I have taken considerable interest in Mr. Hudson's notes on this
subject, in the last two numbers of the Ent. Mo. Mag., having
attempted an explanation of the known facts in a short paper which
Mr. Hudson does not appear to have seen, which I conuuunicated to
the Entomologists' Kecord some ten years ago (Vol. xv, p. 43).

As others may be ignorant of my views, a brief comparison of
them with the conclusions arrived at by Mr. Hudson may be of use.

On the fundamental point we are in absolute agreement, that is,
that the dominating circumstance is that the moth may be enabled
to lay her eggs in the proper place.

1913.] 9

I arrived at this coiiclusiou first by the uon-winter apterous
moths, which Mr. Hudson leaves ou one side. Of these, those I had
studied for other reasons, Psychids (macro and micro) Orgyias,
Heterogynids, &c., all lay their eggs on or in their cocoons or pupa-
shells (and certain Arctiids are approximating to this position) . For
these the possession of wings would be an obvious danger.

For the winter moths, Mr. Hudson agrees with me that separation
from the neighbourhood of the food-plant is the danger to be escaped.
He considers that a winged moth might he too much numbed by cold
and unable to return if it flew away from the food-plant. Such a
danger no doubt exists to an appreciable extent, but it is obvious that
if a moth was too much numbed to return to the food- plant it would
be also too lethargic to lay any eggs if it had remained there. Yet we
do not find the eggs of these moths laid anywhere, as by incapacitated
individuals, but always in places duly selected.

The point on which Mr. Hudson's explanation differs from mine
is precisely here. I do not think cold jje;v se has any appreciable
effect, but that the dominating cause that would prevent the insect
from finding the original or some other food-plant, is not, were it able
to fly, a secondary inability due to cold, but a primary one, that with
full powers of flight it could not find the food-plant. Nocturnal Lejji-
doptera on the wing, no doubt discover the food-plant by scent. When
vegetation is dormant in winter the scent will be trifling, for a moth
on the wing, practically non-existent. Therefore, a moth once taking
a flight will not again find the food-plant. There is probably, how-
ever, enough scent or other suflicient indication to be detected by the
moth when at the close quarters demanded by travel on foot.

Mr. Hudson is also on sure ground when he says that these
species affect plants that are more or less gregarious in hedges
and thickets.

It may be noted that some of the commonest of these insects,
0. hrwmata, G. fagella, &c., have larvae that live spun up, and that
the dissemination of the species in these cases must be by the
wandering of these apterous females. In the other large section, of
summer species, whose eggs are laid on or in the cocoon, the wander-
ings of the larvae must be the means of extending their habitats.

It is perhaps desirable to note, in reference to one remark of
Mr. Hudson's, that there is a general agreement that 0. afitiqiia in
England has only one brood in the year, but that there is a great
range in the periods of the eggs hatching, even of one batch, and

\Q [January,

much variation in the ra])iditv of tlie feeding up of the larvce, so tliat
moths may be ou the wing from midsummer till wiuter. In the south
of France, however, 0. antiqaa appears to be double-brooded. In
England, if this ever occurs, it must be exceptionally. Mr. Merrifield
found the single- brooded habit could be overcome in temperature
experiments.

Botiila, Ecin;<ato :
December 6th, 1912.

THE RACES OF ANDRENA ROSjE, Panz.
BV K. C. L. I'ERKIXS, M..\., U.Sc, F.E.S.

In the Deutscli. Ent. Zeitschr. for 1911. p. 457, there is an
interesting paper on the races of Andrena rosm, Panz., by
Herr J. D. Alfken, and as he received British material from the late
Edward Saunders and the Rev. F. D. Morice, his conclusions are of
interest to the students of British bees. These conclusions are given
in a dicliotomous table, which, translated, is as follows : —

Females.

1. Ahdoim-n and tliorax above ahiiost bare.

Abdomen and thorax aljove more or less densely hairy 3

2. Vertex with black or dark lirown hairs ; face below the antennae with dark

brown hairs ; anal fringe dark ; anal plate (pygidium) closely and strongly

granulate A. teutonica, n. st.

\'ertex with gi-ey hairs, intermixed with dark hairs ; face below tlie antenna}
with yellowish brown hairs; anal fringe blackish-brown, overlaid with
yellow liairs ; pygidial area hardly perceptibly granvdate...

A. rosse, Panz. (= A. austriaca, Schm. nee Panz.)

3. Alidomen more or less red 4

Abdomen black, only the hind-margin of the segments transparently

testaceous ^. trimmerana, K.

4. Face below the antenna; with l)rownish-black hairs...

A. spinigera, K. {? A. lomhardica, Schm.)
Face below the antennte with dusky yellow-brown hairs...

A. aiujlica, st. n. {? A. lomhardica, Sclun.)

Males.

1. Abdomen above almost hare -?

Abdomen, at least in the middle of the second segment, with a tuft of liairs

2. Cheeks with a long dark spine ; face mostly with purely dark liairs...

A. tciitonica, st. n,

1913.] 11

Cheeks withovit a spine, oiily a little iincven ; face between the antennae with
yellow-brown hair tufts A. rosse, Panz.

3. Abdomen more or less red 4

Abdomen black, only the apical margin of the segments more or less clear

testaceous ; cheeks without a spine.

4. Cheeks spined A. spinigera, K.

Cheeks not spined A. anglica, n. st.

All the four races distinguished in this table occur in England.
Andrena ti'immerana, K., is one of the commonest of British bees. It
is single-brooded always. In North Wiltshire and adjoining parts of
Gloucestershire, where I collected for many years, it was the only form
that occurred, and even in the hottest summers no second brood was
produced, though rarely there was a sparse second generation of its
common parasite, Nonmda alternata.

In Devonshire A. trhnmerana is antedated in its appearance by
A. sjiinigera, which may be abroad on any warm day in March, but
before the latter has at all passed, the former may be already out, so
that the two are often taken in company in my garden. A. anglica in
the same localities appears in July, and is the summer generation of
A. spinifjera.

Both A. spinigera and A. trimmerana are frequently stylopized,
and some of these parasitized individuals are difficult to assign to their
proper species. I have not taken a stylopized example of A. anglica.

From my study of A. spiiiigera. and its summer generation,
A. anglica, I have no doubt that A. rosse is likewise the summer brood
of A . teufonica. The latter does not seem to occur in the coastal district
of Devonshire in places where spinigera and anglica are common, or at
least I have not found it, but it is found inland on Dartmoor (where
spinigera is also found), and no doubt a search in this locality would
produce A. rosx in the summer. A. anglica and spinigera seem to be
commoner in England than rosai and teutonica, but owing to the fact
that Saunders did not distinguish all these races the distribution is
uncertain. I have not met with true rosie myself, not having had the
opportunity to visit in summer the localities where I have taken
teidonica in the spring, but Mr. A. H. Hamm, of Oxford, has just sent
me a beautiful example of Panzer's insect from near Matley Bog in the
New Forest.

The position then with regard to these insects appears to l^e that
there are three distinct races in England : — (I) The single-brooded
A. trimmerana, K., the most abundant of all ; (2) A. rosea, Panz., with

12

[Jarmary,

a sprinj? brood, A. teutnnica, Alfk. ; (3) A. i^pinigera, K., with a
summer brood, A. anglicn, Alfk.

I have studied the variation in many examples of A. trimmerana,
A spinifjera, and A. amjlica, witli rei^^ard to some characters which
have been used for the separation of the races by Saunders and Alfken.

In North Wiltshire where trimmerana only occm-red, in many
hundreds examined two examples of the ^ were found with well-
developed <>^enal spine, the spines being qiiite visible to the naked eye
and as long as in many true !<i)ini(iera. None of the other characters
of spinujera were shown by these examples, which otherwise were
typical friininerana. One of the most constant distinctive characters
of frimmtrana ? is to lie found in the scopa of the hind tibia?,
which, beneath, is of almost silvery whiteness. Very rarely indeed is
it of an ochreous colour, exactly as in the ? of amjUca. The 8th
ventral segment of trimmerana was deeply emarginate in all the
examples examined, and the pygidial area of the $ always distinctly
densely punctate.

In spinicjera ^^ 10 ptu- cent, had the 8th ventral segment mut-h
less deeply emarginate than normal ; one ? had the sculpture of the
pygidial area obsolete, and in two it was sul^obsolete. All tlie ^ (^
had distinct geual spines visible to the naked eye, though varying
somewliat in length.

In anglica, fourteen i^ ^ taken at random were examined. Of
these eight had the Stli ventral segment deeply emarginate, two very
slightly or not at all, and four were intermediate between these. Nine
of these had no genal spine, tive had a distinct one visi])le to the naked
eye, but usually of from \-\ the length of that of fully developed s^xVit-
gera. None of these showed any trace of the dark facial clothing of
the spring brood. Of 19 females, also selected at random, two had the
pygidial area as strongly sculptured as in trimnwrana, two rather less
strongly, in four the sculpture was faint, while in eleven it was very
faint. One female (not included in the above) wliich was sent to
Saunders many years ago, entirely without red colouring and with
strongly punctured pygidial area, was returned by him as trimmerana .
It, however, had the ochreous or yellow hairs on the scopa characteristic
of anglica, but as mentioned above, very unusual in trimmerana.
This specimen was taken otf flowers of BuhiiK in company with normal
anglica.

In the spring trimmerana, .ijiitiiyera, and tentonica may all occur
at the same time and place (as they do on Dartmoor), or either of them

1913.] 18

may occur without the presence of the other, except that trimmer ana.,
which is ubiquitous and emerges a Httle later in the season, is certain
then to be found with the others. The two summer forms also may
occur in the same locality or apart. I think it very doubtful whether
the three spring forms interbreed, or whether the summer generations
of the two of them do so.

The material on which these remarks are mainly based has been
specially collected by me to supplement the fine series of these
particularly interesting insects which are in the collection of Cambridge
University Museum.

Park Hill House, Paig-nton :

November 24th, 1912.

HILARA ALBOCINGULATA, sp. n.
BY JOHN H. WOOD, M.B.

A small and delicate species, with long slender yellow legs and
simple metatarsi, and remarkable for the white semi-transparent
abdomen of the male.

tj 9 . Thorax and scutelhim grey, the former scarcely shining and
indistinctly two-striped ; dorso-central bristles in a single row, acrostichal in
two rows and about half the size of the dorso-central; sci^tellum with four
bristles. Male abdomen white and semi-transparent, except on the last one or
two segments which are more or less black ; female abdomen variable, from
reddish-yellow to brown. Male hypopygium black and rather large. Legs
yellow, bvit darkened on all the last three tarsal joints ; very long and slender,
the tarsi especially so, and armed as in cingulata. Wings almost clear, veins
brown and well marked, stigma faint ; the dusky halteres yellow-stalked.

The male can be recognised at once by its strikingly coloured abdomen ;
but the female presents some difficulty, as it bears a strong general resemblance
to the female of cingulata. The wholly black antennae (in cingulata the basal
joints ai"e red), and the dusky halteres are, however, sure means of distingixishing
it, whilst other characters less easy to grasp are the darker and not absolutely
dull thorax with its fainter stripes, and the longer and more slender legs.

It is to be found on the Monnow, after the river has come out
from the foot hills of the Black Mountain range to meander for a few
miles in an open valley, before being shut in again by high ground on
its way to join the Wye. Here occur the shingle beds and deposits of
sand which I have found so rich in interesting things, from coast
insects, such as Myopina reflexa and Tephritis absinthii, to extreme
northern forms as Thereva lunulata and Porphyrops rivalis. Here in
such surroundings the insect is to be met with not uncommonly in

u

[January,

.Tulv. Tlic only other locality I know of is a rockv stream near the
centre of the county, where on one occasion I captured a sinole
example.

I learn from Mr. Collin that there is a Hilara cdhiventrb, v. Eos.,
but as the whole description consisted of " ahdomine cdbo, ajnce fuscoj'
one seems to be justified, where a genus so large and intricate as
Hilara is concerned, in tr(>ating it as little better than a catalogue
name.

Tarrin^toii, Hereford :
November, 1912.

Note on the capture of Bledius gulielmi, Sharp. — I captured four specimens
of a Bledius, which Dr. Sharp has described {antea, p. 1) as new to science
under the name of B. gulielmi, at Linthorpe, near Middlesbi'ough, in Julj', 1911,
when on a visit to my friend, W. G. B. Walsh, who then resided in that vicinity.
Tliey were taken in the sandy banks of a small stream, which might with per-
haps greater accuracy be called a ditch, and with them, and in greater nimibers,
were Bledius pallipes and such common species as St anus guttula, Homalota
elongatula, &c. The locality was the reverse of secluded, being surrounded by
the ei'ections of a rapidly growing suburb, nor could the riviilet be at all
correctly described as pellucid — in fact it was a matter of surprise to me that
Coleoptera of any kind should be discovered in its banks, but no doubt these
beetles had persisted from a period when happier conditions prevailed in that
immediate locality. — W. E. Sharp, 9, Queens Eoad, South Norwood: December
nth, 1912.

Agabus abbreviatus, F., Sfc, at Soham. — On April 24th of this year, afield
quite eai'ly enougli even for so perfect a spring morning as it was, I left
Soham railway station ; my intention was straightway to walk to Wicken Fen.
Immediately without tlie station, however, I was strongly tempted by a " likely
looking " ditch ; I unpacked my water net and began some rapid dredging.
Very great was my gratification on soon fishing up an Agabus abbreviat^ls, this
most beautiful and distinct species seeming to have entirely deserted the
Cambridge fen-land for many years. After a little further work, I took another
example, but during the lialf-hour that ensued, no others were netted. Lim-
nebius papjjosits, Muls., was common in this ditch, the 9 ? outnumbering the ^ <J
by about three to one. I took nearly all the Limnebius I saw, expecting to find
both the larger species present ; all those I examined, liowever, proved to be
papposus. In the overflow pools from tlie river here, I found Ilaliplus cinereus,
Aubc, swinuning about in great niunbers. It was now quite time for me to
pusli on fen-wards ; this I did, reaching Wicken Fim at al)out 10 o'clock.

In the short time left for the fen (having to leave before 3 p.m.), I did not
find beetles very abundant, except among tlie aquatic forms, to which, however,
I confess, most of my attention was directed. By beating some faggot bimdles

1913.] 15

jast without the fen, I took two interesting species, Scymnus minimus, Eossi,
and Throscus ohtiisus, Curt., in profusion. By sifting the sedge-stacks, the
visual fen beetles were seen, but by no means in their wonted numbers, Parnus
awjlicanus, Edwards, and Galerucella pusilla, Weise, being the most interesting
among them. In the water-net, the great abundance of Hahplus variegatus,
Sturm, was a noticeable feature, with its congeners, confinis, Steph., and
obliquus, Er., in lesser numbers. Hydaticiis transversalis, Bergst. (9 or 10),
Rhantus grapii, Gyll., Ihjhius obscurus, Marsh., Hydropliilus, and other typical
fen water-beetles rejoiced the eye, and materially increased my collection, but
must not tempt me to enlarge thereon ! — Hereward G. Dollman, Hove House,
Bedford Park, W.

A note on Ceuthorrhynchus rapse, Gyll. — Owing to its having been formerly
taken in the Tottenham Marshes by the Messrs. Waterhouse, as recorded by
Fowler, I had been on the look-oiit for this weevil on the marshes here for many
years, but entirely without result up to the present year. On the 5tli May last,
however, I had the good fortune to find an individiial of Ceuthorrhynchus rapse
sitting in the sun on one of the upper shoots of a tall plant of the garlic
mustard {Alliaria officinalis) growing at the side of a marsh ditch. A prolonged
investigation of all the cruciferous plants in the vicinity failed, however, to
produce any more, either then or since.

Curiously enough, however, the species has recently turned up in another
and somewhat \inexpected locality, Mr. W. West having shown me an undoiibted
example of C. ra^jse, which he is positive he capttired by sweeping in Headley
Lane, Siu-rey, on August 6th, 1910.

Ceuthorrhynchus rapse appears to have been first taken in this country by
the late Mr. Samuel Stevens, who included it under the name " Nedyus syritis "
(= Ceuthorrhynchtis syrites, Germ.) in a list of beetles taken by him near
Hammersmith, which he contributed to the first volume of Newman's
"Entomologist" (1842). The insect was also wrongly referred to the
G. inaffectatus of Schonherr* before its real identity was finally settled. In the
" sixties " and " seventies " the metropolitan collectors of that period were in
the habit of taking it in various parts of the London district, but although
Dr. Power on one occasion took 19 specimens, I do not gather that it was ever
really a common species. As far as I can ascertain there has been no record of
its captui-e now for a considerable niimber of years, so that its re-occurrence is
a matter of some little interest.

Whether C. rapse survives in the only other British locality given for it by
Fowler outside the London district, namely, Portsmouth, where it is recorded
as having been taken by the late Mr. Moncreaif , would seem to be very doubtful,
as Mr. Pool informed me some time ago that most of Mr. Moncreaff's collecting
groimds had long since been destroyed. Mr. West, who, as is well-known,

*This appears to have been either a complete myth or a " iiomen mulum." The name, however, is
included in G. R. Waterhouse's British Catalogue of 1S58, and his Pocket Catalogue of 18(51,
but in such a way as to .show that he was doubtful about it. There is a C. hmffictahis of
Gyllenhal in the European List of 190(5, but from its position it would apparently be not at all
closely related to the C. rapw of the same author. — F. \i. J.

I g [January,

collected and captured so many orood insects in what are now the south-eastern
suburbs of London, informs me that he liad only met with one example of
C. rapx previously ; this was at Lee, where Drs. Power and Sharp also found
it. At Tottenham it was taken by Messrs. Pelerin, E. C. Rye, F. Smith,
S. Stevens, C. O., E. A. and F. Waterhouse, and Janson Dr. Power's series, still
extant in his collection now at South Kensin^^ton, is in excellent preservation. —
F. B. Jennings, 152, Silver Street, Upper Echnonton, N. : November 15th, 1912.

Notes on the food-plants of certain Russian species of Sesia. — I recently
received from Mr. Hermann Rangnow, Junr., of Berlin, a small collection of
Sesias, which he secured in the neighbourhood of Sarepta, S. E. Russia. Several
of the examples have been bred from larviB Mr. Rangnow found, and it seems
worth while to record the food jjlants of foiir species which do not appear to
have been bred before. The insects in question were Sesia chalcidiformis, bred
from the dead roots of a species of Artemisia ; Sesia cirgisa (cf. Seitz, vol. 2,
p. 408, 1912) bred from a root of Statice gmelini ; a large series of Sesia allanti-
formis reared from the roots of Phlomis pungens ; and one Sesia astatiformis,
bred from a root of Rhindera. tetraspis. — N. C. Rothschild, Arundel House,
Kensington Palace Gardens, London, W. : January, 1912.

Platyclcis roeselii, Hagen, c^c.,on the Lincolnshire Coast. — Orthopterists will
remember that so long ago as 1888 Mr. H. Wallis Kew recorded having taken
specimens of Platycleis roeselii at Trusthorpe, on the Lincolnshire coast. For
many years I have had two of these specimens in my collection, and which
there was never any dou}>t Mr. Wallis Kew took at Trusthorpe, but as
Br. Malcolm Burr omits the locality in his " Orthoptera of Central and Western
Europe," I decided this year to investigate the district myself. Accordingly,
I went to Siitton-on-Sca, which is about one and a quarter miles from Trus-
thorpe, on August 27th, and stayed there until September 9th. During that
period I took thirty-six specimens of Platycleis roeselii, many of them very fine
ones, at Trusthorpe, and should probably have got many more had not the
weather, from an entomological point of view, been about as bad as it could be.
My visit commenced the day after the perhaps unparalleled disastrous floods in
Norfolk and Lincolnshire owing to the long continued torrential rains, and
although during my stay there was comparatively little rain, the ground for
some days was in many places a veritable swamp, and the wind day after day
blew such violent gales from the north and east, with the temperature bitterly
cold, that collecting was most unprofitable and uncomfortalile work. P. roeselii
seemed exceedingly local, being almost confined apparently to a stretch of the
sandhills of about a hundred yards long by ten or twelve yards wide, on the
land side ; and although I carefully examined many other places to all appear-
ance exactly similar, I could find no trace of it elsewhere. It occurred among
the long rank grasses, from the base to ten or a dozen yards up the steep side of
the sandhills. The jjublished descriptions of the species give the colour of the
characteristic circular broad border on the side flaps as " yellowish-white,"
" yellowish," or " bright yellow," whereas in every one of my specimens, it was

1913 ] 17

bright grass green, and the mark was most conspicuous as soon as the insect
was seen at all. In many specimens there was a good deal of green about the
femora, &c., although in others these parts were brown. It is indeed in the
living insect far more distinct from P. brachyptera than the descriptions would
indicate. I understand that the insect, although hitherto so very rare in
Britain, has this year been taken in several localities on our south-east coast,
but never in any other nearly so far north as Trusthorpe. The only other
Orthoptera noticed, apart from Forficula auricularia, were Stenohothrus elegans,
which abounded on the sandhills wherever I went, and S. hicolor which was
com^jaratively rare. The only Odonata seen were Sympetruyn striolatum, which
was plentiful when a gleam of sunshine would allow it to fly, and Ischnura
elegans. Of Neuroptera only Panorpa communis occvirred, and notwithstanding
the large quantity of water, but few species of Trichoptera were observed. One
interesting species turned up in Grammotaulms 7iitidus, an insect I have only
seen in our eastern or south-eastern counties, but the others were such ordinary
species as Limnophilus affinis, abundant ; L. jlavicornis and Glyphotselius pellu-
cidus, common ; Stenophylax permistus and Colpotaulius incisus. The weather
was not siifficiently tempting to encourage work for Lepidoptera. I sugared on
three evenings, posts close to the sandhills, but very few moths came, and no
specially sandhill species. Agrotis saucia, not uncommon, was as good as any-
thing seen ; the only two Agrotis nigrica7is were of the almost black Lancashire
coast form ; and the fine Gonoptera lihatrix were, I think, darker than any I
have taken in other localities. Belated Nonagria elymi were still to be foiand
sitting on the sandhill grasses. Of larvae, Arctia fuliginosa was plentiful, and
there were still a considerable number of Euchelia jacobsese on the ragwort,
Bombyx rubi, Odonestis potatoria, Hadena pisi, &c. — ^Geo. T. Porritt, Elm Lea,
Dalton, Huddersfield : November 2nd, 1912.

Norellia spinigera, Ztt., in Perthshire.— In his paper on the Bi'itish species
of the genus Norellia (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1900, p. 199), Colonel Yerbiu-y refers to
spinigera, Ztt., as requiring confirmation as a British insect; it being repre-
sented in the late Mr. Verrall's collection by a single S from the Wilson
Saunders collection, presumably withoiit data. I have seen no notice of the
capture of the species in the intervening twelve years, so it may be of interest
to record its oecurrence in this district. I have a g and ? taken June 27th,
1908, and a $ on June 25th of this year. The ? ? agree Avith Zetterstedt's
description, but they have the wings very distinctly darkened on the front
margin towards the apex ; this is only faintly shown in the g . At first I
thought this discrepancy of importance, as the dark cloud on the wing is given
by Zetterstedt, Becker, and others, as a character of the closely allied liturata,
Mg. Becker, however (Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. xxxix, p. 128 [1894]), apparently
places little value on the character.

My specimens have the abdomen shining black with very fine white hairs
on all the disc and sides. The frons is wider than in liturata (which I also
possess from this district) ; and the dorso-central bristles are fewer in number :
liturata has four distinct pairs of these bristles ; spinigera has but three pairs,
thei-e being only one pair in front of the suture. — A. E. J. Carter, Blairgowrie,
Perthshire : October 5th, 1912.

1 Q [January,

Tho following additional localities for Norellia spinigera may be noted
here: Nethy Bridge (Inverness), Jvily 2Hth, 1904; taken by Col. Yerbury.
New Forest (Hants), Juno, 190:3 ; taken by Dr. Sharp. Barton Mills (Siift'olk),
May 31st, 1911, and the Monnow Valley (Herefordshire), A\igust Sth, 1910;
taken by myself. — J. E. C.

What is the true host of Ninnus inlerruptus, Piaget ? — In describing- this
species, found originally on a museum siiecimen of Phalacrocorax carbo, Piaget
(Les Pedicidines, p. 173) draws attention to its close affinities with N. furvus, N.,
whose usual hosts are wadei-s of the genera Totanus, Vanellus, Mgialitis, &c. Five
years later, in the " Supplement " to the " Essai " (1885), p. 21, Piaget again
records interruptus, this time from Toianus glottis. This record is appended to
the description of a new sj)ecies, Ninnus incertus, obtained from the same bird.
The author points out that incertus, thoiTgh found on a Wader, is evidentlj'
away from its true host, which must, from the structure of the j^arasite, lie a
bird of prey. He goes on to remark that Nirinus interruptus on Totanus glottis
is equally inexplicable. Apparently, then, Piaget considered both N. incertus
and N interruptus to be stragglers on the Greenshank, and takes the Cormorant
to be the real host of the second parasite. The writer has in his collection one
or two- examples of what he takes to be N. interruptus. The host on which they
occurred was a Totanus canescens ( = glottis), shot on the east coast of Scotland.
N. interruptus seems to be very closely related to furvus, and the Greenshank is
probably a true host. Its nearest congener is apparently the form got on
Totanus calidris. One would like to know whether this parasite is as closely
attached to Phalacrocorax carbo and P. sulcirostris. The writer will be glad to
receive Nirmiis for examination from Tringa, Totanus, Vanellus, &.c. — James
Watebston, The Manse, Ollaberry, Shetland. — December 5th, 1912.

Variation in the genal comb o*' T gphloceras poppei, Wagn. — When introducino-
this peculiar insect to the notice of British Entomologists (Ent. Rec. and Journ.
of Var., Vol. XV, No. 8, p. 196, pi. ix, 1903), Mr. Rothschild remarked that instead
of the normal four, one female showed five spines on one side of the liead. Up to
the time of writing Mr. Rothschild had received 10 examples of the insect. As
the number of genal spines is an important systematic character, and as poppei
seems to be unusually variable in this respect, the following note of the teeth
in the genal combs of a small series of this flea (from Shetland), may be worthy
of record. Of 38 examined 31 were normal, while 4 $ ? and 3 c? J wei-e
aberrant. Two ? $ showed right and left respectively 3 and 4 spines. Two
had arrangement 4:3. In the ^ <J one found 5:4; 3 : 5; 4:3. Where 5
spines occur in these examples, the extra one is placed behind the normal 4th ;
where a spine is wanting it is the normal 1st, counting from the palpus back-
wards in each instance. — James Watebston.

The new Keepership of Entomology at the British Museum. — Entomologists
will be pleased to hear that the Princiijal Trustees of the British Museum have at
last appointed a Keeper for the Department of Entomology, the vast collections

1913.]

19

of insects stored tliere havinj,'' hitherto been under the care of the Keeper of
Zoology. At the beginning of the new financial year, therefore, there will be a
special Department of Entomology under its own Keeper, and Mr. C. J. Gahan.
who has actually been in charge of the section for upwards of two years, has
lieen selected for the newly created post. He was appointed an Assistant in the
Department of Zoology in 1886. — Eds.

ituarieji.

William Forsell Kirhy, who passed away after a short illness on November
20th last, as briefly intimated in our December number, was interred at Chiswick
Cemetery on the 26th, several representative Entomologists being present at the
funeral service.

The eldest son of Mr. Samuel Kirby, a banker of Leicester, he was born in
that city on January l^th, IS-ii. He was educated by private tutors, and at an
early age displayed an unusual taste for reading ; at the suggestion of his
mother he began making a collection of butterflies and moths, thus laying the
foundation of his svibsequent brilliant reputation as an Entomologist, As early
as 1856 we find him contributing to the " Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer,"
and in the same year he issued a " List of British Lepidoptera " ; in 1862 his
earliest book, the very iisef ul little " Manual of European Butterflies " was
published, being the first English work of its kind, later on (1878 — 82) followed
by a more comprehensive popular work on the European Macro-Lejndoptera,
which has more than once been re-issiied.

In 1867 Mr. Kirby, who had in the previous year married Fraulein J. M.
Kappel, daughter of J. W. Kappel of Hilden, near Diisseldorf, accepted the post
of curator in the Museiun of the Royal Dublin Society (afterwards the National
Museum of Science and Art), and resided in Dublin until his transfer, on the
death of Mr. Frederick Smith in 1879, to the Zoological Department of the
British Museum It was during this period that he published in 1871 (with
Supplement, 1877), his well-known " Synonymic Catalogue of Diurnal Lepido-
ptera," this being probably his best and most useful piece of Entomological work,
and even now of the utmost valiie to all students of these insects. Other
catalogues of the same natui-e compiled by him are those of the Tenthredinidae
and Siricidse in the British Museiun (1883) ; Odonata (1890) ; Lepidoptera
Uetcrocera; Sphinges and Bomhyces (1892), unfortunately left incomplete for lack
of svifficient support ; and Orthoptera (3 vols.) completed only about two yeai'S
ago. Among other well-known and valviable works on our science by Mr. Kirby,
the sumptuously ilkxstrated " Rhopalocera Exotica " in association with
Mr. Henley Grose-Smith (1887 — 97) ; "Elementary Text-Book of Entomology"
(1885, new edition 1892) ; the very useful little " Handbook of the Order
Lepidoptera" in Allen's "Naturalist's Library" (5 vols., 1894^—1897); and
" Marvels of Ant-Life (1898) may be specially recalled to mind. From 1869 to
1884 he also contributed the annual reports to the Zoological Record, at first on
the Lepidoptera only, and latterly on the greater part of the Insecta.

20 [January,

Hitherto we have alluded only to Mr. Kirby's work as an Entomologist, but
ho was a man of versatile talent and wide interests, and of altogether exceptional
ability as a linguist. His acquirements in this respect comprised practically
all the modern European languages, and particularly those of the North ; and
in this connection his magnum opus, the translation into English of the great
Finnish epic, the " Kalevala," commenced in 1904, may be here referred to.
His intimate acquaintance with Oriental languages also enabled him to furnish
valuable bibliographical and other notes to Sir K. Biu'ton's famous translation
of the " Arabian Nights." Besides general Natural History and Botany, his
published writings include such subjects as Evolution, Mysticism, and Folk-lore,
and he was also the author of several poetical works of mvich merit, of vvhich
the " Hero of Esthonia," which appeared in 1895, is the best known.

Up to 1909, when he retired from the Natural History Museum on account
of age, Mr. Kirby was a familiar figure in the " Insect Room," where his quiet
courtesy and readiness to impart information, and to take any amount of trouble
in clearing up difficulties, will long be remembered by all who had the privilege
of meeting him. One was perhaps most impressed by his extraordinary know-
ledge of the literatvu-e of Entomology, and in this rerpect he was certainly
without a rival in his lifetime. He was one of the oldest Fellows of the
Entomological Society of London, having been elected in 1861, and for five
years (1881-5) was one of its Secretaries; he joined the Linnean Society in
1890, and was a member of many other scientific and literary bodies, at home
and abroad.

His wife, who was his faithful and valued associate in all his varied work,
predeceased him in 1903 ; and to his only son. Dr. W. Egmont Kirby, himself
the author of several well-known Entomological works, and to whom we are
indebted for a large part of the material of this notice, we tender oiu- sincere
sympathy.

Peter Cameron —The death of this energetic Hymenopterist took place at
New Mills, Derbyshire, on December 1st, at the age of 65. Although chiefly
known as a prolific describer of new genera and species from every part of the
globe, he was also a keen and industrious student of the order Hymenoptera.
Personally known to few, if any, of the workers in his chosen field, there can be
no serious student of Hymenoptera now living who has not had occasion at some
time or other to refer to his papers. Cameron entered a firm of Turkey Eod
dyers in Glasgow as accountant some 10 years ago. The introduction of aniline
dyes seriously affected the trade, so that he migrated to Manchester, where he
secured employment in a firm of calico printers. Ill-health and a strike were
responsible for his loss of this position, and little was heard of his movements
for some years, until he was compelled, being in great distress, to appeal to one
who has been his staunch friend and supporter throughout. By this means he
became the recipient of a grant from the Royal Society, which enabled him to
lodge with a labouring man at New Mills, whither he had now removed. It can
thus be understood that a fight against poverty, in conjunction with ill-health,
Hindered the pursuit of systematic entomology doubly hard, and when criticism,
from which no active writer can hope to escape, is levelled at Cameron, allowance

1H13.J 21

should be made for the conditions under which much of his work was done.
Inability to consult the rich collections at South Kensington, as well as an
almost entire ignorance of the doings of other workers in the same field cannot
but have had a prejudicial effect, especially on his later writings. There can be
no doubt that his best work as a systematist was done in the earlier years of his
study of the order, since between the years 1882 — 1900 his two most important
works, viz. .- " A Monograph of tlie British Phytophagous Hymenoptera " and
" Hymenoptera, Vols. I and II," of the Biologia Centrali- Americana, made their
appearance. For the first mentioned of these two works, which was published
in four volumes by the Eay Society (1882 — 1892), British Hymenopterists owe
him a debt of gratitude. Previous to its appearance the literature dealing with
these insects was veiy much scattered and no attempt had been made at its
collation into systematic form, and though alterations have since become
necessary to fit in with modern ideas of classification, nevertheless as a basis
upon which to build it has proved invaluable. His two volumes for the Biologia
Centrali- Americana covered the whole field of Hymenoptera, with the exception
of the ants, social and solitary wasps, and bees. A later series of papers, entitled
" Hymenoptera Orientalia," were devoted to the description of the fine collection
of Indian Hymenoptera formed by Mr. G. A. J. Rothney, now in the Oxford
University Museum. His own collection of British Phytophagoixs Hymenoptera,
upon which the monograph was based, in addition to a large nvimber of his
exotic types, is in the Natm-al History Museum. Papers from his pen appeared up
to within a few weeks of his death, one of the last being devoted to the collections
from the Belgian Congo contained in the Congo Museiim, Tervueren. At various
times he worked out collections for many museums abroad, including the
Sarawak Musemn ; the George Town Museum, British Guiana ; and various
institutions in South Africa. The Vespidie, Fossores, and Chrysididse of Sjostedt's
Kilimandjaro — Meru Expedition, belonging to the Stockholm Museum, were
also described by him. — G. M. W.

Edouard Brabant. — We are sorry to annovince the death of Mr. E. Brabant,
of Cambrai (Nord), France, who died at his native place on November 29th last,
in his 64th year. For 50 years he had studied and collected butterflies, and
every other branch of natxiral history interested him. He described several new
species of Lepidoptera from French Guinea. In 1893 he was elected a Fellow of
the Entomological Society of London, and doubtless was personally known to
some of oui- British Lepidopterists.

Societies.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, Oct. 10th, 1912.— Mr. A. E. Tonge, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Lucas exhibited specimens and detailed drawings of the species of
British earwigs to illustrate his paper, with living examples of the very local
Laiidura riparia from Christchurch. Mr. Tonge, a very dark marked example
of Acidalia ornata from E-eigate. Mr. Sheldon, a long series of Colias hecla
from N. Lapland, with examples of other European Colias species for com-
parison. Mr.' Adkin, specimens of Nola albulalis bred from larvre that had

22 [Jan\iary,

hybemated in confinement. Mr. Newinan, a lonjj^ series of Agrindes coridon,
including several ab. semisyngrapha from Koyston, and showing in the ? s
much variation in the ground-colovir of both vipjier and under surfaces, and 3rd
generation specimens of Ennomos quercinaria, all with the apex of the fore-
wings dark ; 25 per cent, of the iind generation had been melanic, of a dark
chocolate colour. Mr. Lucas read a paper on " Earwigs that breed in Britain,"
and illustrated his notes with a large number of lantern slides. — Hy. J. Turner,
IIoii. Secretary.

Thursday, October -Zith, 1912.— The President in the Chair.

The Secretary exhibited four specimens of Abraxas grossulariata ab.
varleyata, presented to the Society's cabinet by Mr. U. T. Porritt. Mr. Ashdown,
a collection of Inxttcrflies made during his holiday in Switzerland in June and
July. Mr. Colthrup, a series of very fine photogi-aphs of Lepidoptera at rest,
and of famous entomological localities. Mr. Newman, the one Colias edusa,
and four var. helice he had bred this year from a captui-ed var. helice, some
Pyrameis atalanta with smoky-red bands, and a fine series of autumn-bi-ed
hybrids, S. occllatiis-populi, showing much variability. These last had not been
forced. Mr. Tonge, a long series of Tephrosia bistortata, second brood, bred from
a 9 from Tilgate Forest captured in the spring. Mr. Kaye, an uncommon
Pyrale, Aglossa cuprealis, captured in his house at Surbiton. Mr. Edwards, the
exotic Papilios, P. cacicus, from S. America, and P. hclleri and P. andraenwn
from Mexico. Mr. L. Gibb, a living example of Poiygonia c-album. Mr. Adkin,
short series of Eiqnthecia innotata and E. fraxinata and initiated a discussion
on tlie specific stability of these as two separate species. Mr. Grosvenor, two
drawers of Pieris 7iapi, showing the geographical variation occurring in the
British Isles. Mr. Sheldon, all the species of the genus Ercbia known to occiir
in Scandinavia, and which he had taken in his trips tliere during 1911 and 1912.
Mr. Step read his Report on the Fungus Foray in Oxshott on October 30th.

Thxirsday, November 14th, 1912. — The President in the Cliair.

Mr. H. W. Martin and Mr. Eonald Marshall, of Bexley, were elected
Members.

Mr. Newman exhibited twigs of sallows extensively attacked by Tits for the
larvte of lieetles and the mites in th(! nodules caused by the last ; long and
variable series of Polia chi from Sheffield, mostly dark ; and several series of
Melitxa aurinia, including a very variable series bred at Birmingliam and a
very uniform series bi"ed at Bexley, both series originating from the same
localities. Mr. Sheldon, series of the Brenthids taken by him in Lapland this
year, viz. .- B. J'rigga, B. freija, B. polaris, and B. pales var. lapponica, with series
of Oeiicis jutta and Oe. noma, pointing out the extreme variability of the last
named. Mr. F. H. Grosvenor, a long series of B. perla from Deal, where it
occurred in abundance in late August. Mr. Tonge, the same species and a
short series of B. muralis from the same place, including an ab. mumr and a
specimen as small as B. perla. Mr. Bacot, a curious mimetic Acridian from
Portuguese W. Africa, which rested on the charred stimips of vegetation biu'nt
annually and showed very perfect protective resemblance. Mr. Gardner, long
and varied series of British Lepidoptera including Boarmia repandata from

1913.] 23

N. Devon, with v. ronversarin and many intermediates ; Hypsipetes sordidata
from Forres, probably bilberry forms, many being very extreme : Larentia
didymata from many localities indicative of local races ; and Melanippe fluctuata,
including- varied London forms and aberrations, with dark Scotch and Shetland
forms. Mr. H. Main, the galls of BiovMza apt era on the rootlets of the oak,
some cut open to show the workings, the larvte and the parasitic larvse.
Mr. W. J. Kaye, a fine set of the species of butterflies fonning the principal
Miillerian Association in Costa Eiea, including 14 species of Wiomiinse, 3 species
of Heliconiinie, 1 Pierinse, 1 Eresia, and a new species of Castnia. He also
showed a smaller similar mimetic group from Caracas, Venezuela. Mr. Sheldon
the series of Eujnthecia innotata and E. fraxinata referred to by him at the
previous meeting. Lantern slides were exhibited by Dr Chapman of the dele-
gates to the International Congress ; Mr. Tonge, ova of Lepidoptera in situ ;
Mr. Main, life-histories of the Snake-fly, Raphidia, the Alder-fly and the jump-
ing Saw-fly, Phyllotoma ; and Mr. Dennis, galls caused by Aphids and Mites. —
Ht. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, October 16th, 1912. —
The Eev. F. D. Morice, M.A., President, in the Chair.

The President stated that in pursuance of a suggestion approved by the
Council, he had written to most of the surviving ex-Presidents of the Society
for their portraits, and had already received several. Thanks were voted to the
donors.

The following wei-e elected Fellows of the Society : — Mrs. Ellen M. Waterfield,
The Hospital, Port Sudan ; Messrs. Patrick Alfred Buxton, M.B.O.U., Fairhill,
Tonbridge, and Trinity College, Cambridge ; Alfred Noakes, The Hill, Witley,
Siu'rey ; Norman Denbigh Riley, 94, Drakefield Road, Upper Tooting, S.W., and
British Museum (Natural History), S. Kensington, S.W. ; and Heniy S. Wallace,
17, Kingsley Place, Heaton-on-Tyne.

Mr. E. B. Ashby exhibited a case of Rhopalocera from the French, Swiss,
and Italian Alps and from Britain. Mr. C. B. Williams, a specimen of an
unascertained species of the Protura. This order of primitive insects is chiefly
remarkable for the absence of antennae ; they use their front j^air of legs not as
locomotive but as tactile organs, holding them out in front of the head when
walking, as if to take the place of the missing antennae. Various other
instances of similar adaptation were mentioned. Mr. W. J. Lucas, a specimen
of Somatochlora alpestris from Porsanger Fjord, east of North Cape, and a
specimen of Mschna cserulea (^ horealis), from the same locality. They were
captui-ed by Mr. W. G. Sheldon. Professor Poulton brought forward a note on
behalf of the Rev. K. St. Aubyn Rogei-s, tending to show that occasional
migration, due to excessive droiight, is sometimes a cause of the spread of
butterflies into new localities. He also brought forward a suggestion received
from Mr. C. F. M. Swynnerton as to one of the causes which may have operated
in the special development of mimicry in forest areas. It is that flying insects
are often exceedingly difficult to recognise in forest as against veld. It is by
no means easy to at once decide on the coloration of an insect seen flying in a
blaze of light against a deep shadow or vice versa -. also they so frequently
disappear behind foliage after having been in view for a few seconds only.

24 [January, 1913.

Undor those circumstances a mere trick of flight or the smallest splash of colovir
in common had often caused him to take the insect for something that is other-
wise utterly unlike it, and such a hesitation would usually cost a bird the insect.
He further drew attention to a letter he had received nearly two years ago from
Mr. G. F. Leigh, describing the breeding of E. cZriyoj^e and di-awing the inference
tliat the species was distinct from Marhas. Professor Poulton, on behalf
of Dr. R. C. L. Perkins, a male of Prosopis nuhilosa, Ckll. (Prosopidse), and
of a species of Halictus {Andrenidx), captured by him in the Cairns district of
North Queensland (July, 1904). Dr. Perkins had pointed out to the speaker the
extremely interesting manner in which the resemblance between these insects
had been brought about, the hard glistening yellow mark on the black scutellum
and post-scutellum of the Prosopis, and that on its lateral prothoracic tubercles
being mimicked by a yellow pubescence occupying the same positions in the
Halictus. This had previously been noted by Meyrick, probably in the 9 of the
same species. The Rev. G. Wheeler, two specimens of a new Argynnis, discovered
in June last by Mr. Harold Powell, F.E.S., at Lambessa in Algeria,
Mons. Oberthiir named it auresiaria. ,;Dr W. A. Lamborn, cocoons formed by
wild larvffi of Norasuma kolga vuider leaves. They gave a better idea than those
formed in captivity as to the mimicry of Braconid cocoons by the formation of
little bosses of yellow silk. Mr. Donisthorpe, (1) a small incipient colony of
Camponotus ligniperdus taken at Yvorne, Switzerland, October 8th, 1912.
(2) Specimens of a Proctotrupid new to science, Loxotropa donisthorpei, Kieffer,
taken in a nest of Lasius flavus at Blackgang Chine, Isle of Wight, September
9th, 1912. (3) A specimen of Camponotus abd.ominalis var. atriceps, Snidt., an
American species, captured alive in his i-oom on his return from Weybridge,
September 6th, 1912, probably coming from the hotel at Weybridge, as he was
told of the capture of other specimens there on his next visit. Commander
Walker observed that one of the Aiistralian species of Camponotus occurred
constantly in houses, and was familiarly known as the " sugar ant."
Mr. L. W. Newman, (1) a long and varied series of the Hybrid Smerinthus
ocellatus $ x Amorpha populi ^ , bred September, 1912, out-of-doors, from
pairing obtained June, 1912, the larvae pupating in July and early August.
(2) Living specimens of the hybrid Zonosoma pendularia J x oinicronaria 9
(annulata) . The specimens showed characters of both species well, and vary
somewhat in the quantity of pink coloration. (3) A living ? specimen of
Metrocampa mar garit aria, taken at rest in Bexley Woods, October 1-lth, 1912,
wliich points to a second emergence of this species. (4) A 9 specimen of
S. ocellatus bred out-of-doors, on September 14th, from larva whicli pupated in
June, 1912. Mr. K. G. Blair, larvie of two allied species of Malacoderm Coleoptera
from Borneo, bronglit by Mr. J. C. Moulton. The species to which these larvae
belong ai-e not yet known, although probably belonging to the family Lycidx.
Mr. H. M. Edelsten, specimens of Nonagria dissoluta and var. arundineta from
East Kent, bred during Aiigust, 1912, 75 per cent, from this locality being
dissoluta.

The following papers were read : — " Notes sur quelques esp^ces des Lucanides
dans les collections dvi British Museiun et de I'Universite de Oxford," par
M. Henri Boileau, F.E.S. " Synaposematic resemblance between Acraeine
larva;," by G. D. H. Carpenter, B.A., M.B., F.E.S.

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CONTENTS. PAGB

Editorial 1

Description of a new species of Bledius. — D. Sharp, 31. A., F.S.S 1

Coleoptera, &c., in Bromeliads. — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 2

Homalota (Liogluta) aquatilis, Thorns. (? = sericans, Rey), a species of

Coleoptera new to Britain. — P. de la Garde, R.N., F.E.S 7

Apterous females of certain Lepidoptera. — T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S 8

^ The races of Andrena ros£e, Panz — i?. C, L. Perkins, M.A., D.Sc, F.E.S. 10

Hilara albocingulata, sp. n. — John R. Wood, M.B .. 13

Note on the capture of Bledius gulielnii, Sharp. — W. E. Sharp, F.E.S 14

Agabus abbreviatus, F., &c., at Soham. — Hereward C. Dollman, F.E.S 14

j ^^ note on Ceuthorrhynchus rapae, Gryll. — F. B. Jennings, F.E.S 15

Notes on the food-plants of certain Eussian species of Sesia. —

Hon. N. C. Rothschild, 31. A., F.L.S. 16

Platycleis roeselii, Hagen, &c., on the Lincolnshire coast.— G. T. Porritt, F.L.S. 16

Norellia spinigera, Ztt., in Perthshire. — A.E.J. Carter 17

What is the true host of Nirnms interruptus, Piaget ? — Sev. J. Waterston, B.Sc. 18

Variation in the genal comb of Typhloceras poppei, Wagn. — Id 18

\^ The new Keepership of Entomology at the British Museum. — Eds 18

Obittjaeies. — William Forsell Kirby, F.L.S 19

Peter Cameron 20

Edouard Brabant 21

Societies. — South London Entomological Society 21

Entomological Society of London 23

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[Ent. Mo. Mag., Feb., 1913— Plate I.

11

12

14

15

le

17

18

19
Explanation of Plate.

20

9.
10.

.^deagus of 6?. primigenius. 11.

G. pennatus. 12.

G. cyphonotus. 13.
„ side view. 14.

G. nigritulus 1.5.

G. velox. 16.

G. subnigritulus. 17.

G. latro. 18.

G. tornus 19.

G. keysiamis. 20.

.^deagus of G. trossidus.

„ „ G. stipes.

„ „ G. bishopi.

„ „ G. suffragani.

„ „ G. sacerdotalis.

„ „ G appendiculatus.

„ „ G. toxotes.
Head of G. nigritulus $ .

„ G. appendiculatus <J .

„ G. sacerdotalis g .

February, 1913.] 25

SOME NEW SPECIES OF GABRIUS.
BY NORMAN H. JOY, M.E.C.S., F.E.S.

Plate I.

Some luouths ago Herr Edmund Reitter sent me for examination
about 600 specimens of the Coleopterous genus Gabrius from various
parts of Eastern Europe, chiefly from the Caucasus Mountains and
their neigboui'hood, and Austria. I found it necessary to dissect out the
sedeagus in nearly all the males. Fortunately, in every species but G.
stipes, which can be easily identified without dissection, the male may be
recognised by a slight emargination of the hind margin of the under plate
of the last segment of the hind-body; and a triangular groove leading
from it on the nnder-surface of the segment. It can often be seen
whether this is present or absent without removing the insect from the
card. The results of this examination have been the discovery of seven
new species, and evidence of an extensive range in the case of some of
those described by Dr. Sharp. I have also examined a few specimens
belonging to Mr. Champion and Dr. Cameron, mostly from Spain and
the Mediterranean area. One of Mr. Champion's proves to be new,
and has the most primitive form of sedeagus in the genus. In all the
following new forms the colour probably varies somewhat, and is of
little help in the identification of the species ; it is therefore not
generally given in the description. The head is black, the thorax black
or pitchy, the elytra pitchy or reddish-brown, the hind body black,
with the extreme apex yellowish red. The colour of the base of the
antennae and legs is more important. The antennse are black, with the
base yellow in some species. The legs are reddish-yellow, the middle
and hind tibiae being dark in certain species. The elytra are longer
than the thorax, except in G. tormis. There appears to be no sjDecific
distinction in the punctuation. I have thought it best to compare each
species in form and size to one of those already known, rather than to
give a detailed description and exact measurements of each.

G. PRIMIGENIUS, Sp. nOV.

Resembles G. keysianus; base of antennse and legs dark; head in J distinctly
longer than broad ; ajdeagvis bkuit at apex, whicli is slightly tliickened.
Hab. : N. W. Spain, Pontevedra. One ^J .

G. CYPHONOTUS, sp. IIOV.
Mncli like G?. pennatns ; base of antennae clear yellow ; ^ with head slightly
elongate ; sedeagiis with the apical piece not sharply defined as in Q. nigritidxis.

Hab. : Caucasus and the borders of the Caspian Sea ; Daghestan,
Lenkoran, etc. Many specimens.

26 [February,

Gr. SUBNIGRITULUS, sp. IIOV.
Of size and general appearance of G. velox ; antennal joints 1, 2, and 11,
yellowish ; middle and hind tibiiB slightly fuscous ; S with head very slightly
longer than In-oad; sedeagus narrower and more regular in outline than in
G. nigritulus, with apex abruptly truncate.

Hah. : Caucasus. Several specimens.

G. LATEO, sp. nov.
Of a lighter colour than iisual ; thorax pitchy red, elytra and hinder margins
of segments of hind-body reddish ; head in $ very slightly longer than liroad ;
sedeagus mucli more asymmetrical than in G. niijritulus, and more narrowed at
the apex than in G. subnigritulus.

Hah.: Caucasus, Leukorau. Three (^ ^ , one ? .

Gr. TORNUS, Sp. HOV.
Resembles G. trossulus in liaving the elytra not longer than thorax and a
very broad rectangular head in ^ ; entirely black, base of antennte pitchy, legs
yellow ; ajdeagus somewhat as in G. keysianus, but broader and more robust.

Hah. : Caucasus, Heleueudorf . Que (^ .

Gr. SUFFRAGANI, Sp. nOV.
Resembles G. hisho^ri in general appearance ; base of an tenure dark ; S with
head elongate and rather narrow ; ffideagus with the apical portion much larger
than in G. bisho]}i.

Hah. : Dalmatia. Three (^ (^ , two ? ? .

G. SACERDOTALIS, sp. UOV.
Resembles G. bishopi, but with the head in ^ more elongate and narrower,
being distinctly narrower than thoi-ax ; base of antennie and legs clear reddish
yellow ; sedeagus much broader than in Ct. bishopi and without the central keel.

Hah. : Caucasus, Swanetia. Two S ^ .

G. TOXOTES, sp. nov.
Very like G. npjyendiculatus ; base of antenna; and tibia' dark ; cJ with head
slightly elongate and somewhat rounded behind eyes ; sedeagus narrower and
more parallel-sided than in G. apipcndiculalus.

Hah. : Dalmatia. 1 (^ .

The following are, I think', new records -.—G. niijrifnliis ; Austria,
Besked Mts. and Vienna ; Dahnatia ; Spain, several localities ; Malta ;
Algeria. G. stipes : Daghestan ; Caucasus. G. pennatvs : Austria,
Paskau ; Dalmatia ; Germany. G. appendiculatus : Austria, Paskau ;
Silesia ; Bohemia. G. trossidus : Austria, Besked Mts.

Bradfield, Berks :

December, 1912.

1913.] 27

NOTES ON A SMALL COLLECTION OF LANGURIINM

FROM BORNEO AND THE MALAY PENINSULA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS

OF TWO NEW SPECIES.

BY THE REV. W. W. FOWLER, U.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

I had occasion recently to ask the Curator of the University
Museum of Zoolo<?y, Cambridge, Mr. Hugh Scott, for the loan of
Crotch's types of Lawjuriinse ; these he most kindly forwarded, and at
the same time asked me if I would look over and determine some
specimens taken in Borneo by the late Mr. E. Shelford. These are
seventy-two in number. Sixty-three of them must be referred to the
common Tefralanguria elongata, Fab., some four or five belonging to
the var. pyramidata, MacL., and one ortwo having the elytra violaceous.
There is a single specimen of a Douhledaya (from the Malay Peninsula)
without antennae, w^hich is probably a form of D. viator, White, and
two specimens each of two other species which appear to be new. One
of these is remarkable for its small head and very prominent eyes and
the short very convex prothorax, It may be a type of a new genus,
but I prefer to place it for the present under Goenolanguria.

C(ENOLANGURIA OCULATA, Sp. U.

Suhruneiformls, pcrni.tida, capite prothoraceque rujis, elytris cyaneis,
corpore suhtus, aiiieniiis peJihusque nif/yis ; capite parvo, oculix magnis,
prominentihus, sat fortiter cjranulatis, antennis elavd sat lata, cfepressd, 4-
articulatd ; prothorjce latituh'ne loiijiori, convexo, lateribus fortiter rotun-
datis, ad hasim contractis,fer^ impunctato ; elytris distincte scd haud fortiter
punctato-striaiis, interstitiis fere glabris ; lineis coxalihus brcvihus, divcrgen-
tibus, ad coxasfere applicatis ; femoribus leviter incrassatis.

Subcuneiform, very shining', front parts red, elytra oyaneotis, antennae black ;
head small, with very large prominent eyes, which are moderately coarsely
granulate ; antennae rather long, with the last four joints forming a broad
depressed clvib, the eighth joint being smaller than the three following, and the last
narrower than the two preceding, the seventh joint is also somewhat thickened ;
prothorax transverse, subglobose, strongly rounded at the sides, slightly narrowed
at base, very smooth, almost without punctviation ; elytra with distinct but not
strong punctured striae, interstices with very fine sculpture, gradually narrowed
from 1)ase to apex, apices simple ; legs black, tarsal joints about equal in
length ; underside black, shining ; coxal lines short, divaricate, lying close to the
coxse. Length 8-10 mm.

Two specimens, labelled Borneo and Sarawak (Shelford).

Anadastus shelfordi, sp. n.

Suhparallelus, nitidus, angustior, eajiite prothoraceque rujis, illo
triangulari, oculis sat parvis, leviter granulatis, antennis clava sat lata,

C 2

28 [February,

0-cii'ticulatd, jJirei/i, ad hasim piceo-rufescentihus ; prothorace subquadrato,
laterihus fere parallelis, diffuse et haitd prof unde punctata, ad hasim deprcsso ;
scutello rufo ; elytris ryaneis, sat fortiter jiunctato-striatis ; j^edihus nigris
coxis et femoribus ad basim rufo-plceis ; cori)ore subttts rufescenti ; lineis
coxalihus sat lotigis, paralletis, j^ostire seiisiui divergentihus.

A subparallel, shininj^, and rather narrow species, with tlie front parts and
the whole ixndcrside red, or with the centre of the hitter more or less pitchy
red; antennie with a broad club, the seventh joint also beinj^ dilated and
triangular, although much smaller than the eighth ; the prothorax is almost
square, witli the sides gradually and only slightly narrowed to base, the disc
moderately convex and sparingly furnished with diffuse pixnctures, and the base
depressed and with a short and very distinct broad impressed stria on each side ;
scutelliun red ; elytra cyaneous, with distinct and fairly regular rows of
punctures, apices jointly truncate ; legs black, except bases of femora which are
pitchy ; coxae pitchy-red ; coxal lines long, ijarallel, slightly divergent at
apex. Length 7 mm.

Two specimens labelled " Batu Soufj Mount and Apoh River,
Hose Coll., Borneo."

This species comes somewhat near to Languria nitidior, Crotch,
from Penaug, but the prothorax is quite differently shaped, and it may
further be distinguished by the dark legs (in nifidior these are mostly
red) , and the darker colour of the duller elytra, and also by the smaller
size of the seventh joint of the antenna).

Earley Vicarage, Reading :
January 10th, 1913.

A CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS THE LIFE-HISTORY OF
BEBYTUS CL AVI PES, F.

BY E. A. BUTLER, B.A.. 15.Si., F.E.S.

On May 25th in the present year, I had the good fortune to
find three ^ (^ and four $ ? of the Hemipteron Beryfvs rlavijjes, F.,
at the I'oots of grass on a wayside Imnk at Royston, Herts. The ? ?
were very gravid, and as this species is one of the rarest of our British
Berytidfe, having been recorded hitherto from six counties only, I was
very anxious to secure some eggs. I accordingly enclosed the 5' ? in
a box with some grass stems and leaves, and added one ^ . This
immediately paired with the smallest of the ? ? , and they remained
coupled for three days. Although the insects were found amongst the
roots of the gi-ass, there were, of course, many other plants mingled
with this, and I could not be sure that the grass was really their food-

19130 29

plaiit. I was, therefore, pleased to see that some of them occasionally
applied the tip of the rostrum to the grass leaves and apparently fed
upon their juices. On May 28th the first eggs were laid, and others
followed at intervals during the first week in June, till I had a batch
of something over two dozen. They were attached to the grass leaves
by a little adhesive secretion at the middle of one side.

When first laid the eggs are pale yellowish, but later they become
honey yellow, and finally almost brown. The surface is shining. The
egg is of a long cylindrical shape, slightly tapering posteriorly, and
furnished anteriorly with a circle of half-a-dozen minute button-shaped
prominences, each with a depression in the centre, and probably micro-
pylar in function. When the egg is attached to its support, the whole
of the visible surface is found to be longitudinally deeply sulcate ; the
furrows are few in number and the ridges between them are convex.
The furrows and ridges are continued up to the circle of prominences,
but not beyond them. The egg is barely 1~ mm. in length.

Apparently the eggs were kept a little too dry, and several there-
fore failed to hatch, although the fully-formed embryos could be seen
within. Two died in the act of emergence, being unable to set their
long legs quite free, and two eggs proved infertile. The rest hatched
out successfully. I had expected that, in hatching, the integument of
the small area within the circle of micropylar points would be pushed
off as a cap, as this method occurs very frequently amongst the
Hemiptera. But such did not turn out to be the case. The egg-shell
merely split longitudinally at the anterior end and the embryo pushed
its way out through the opening, but without casting off any part of
the shell.

The first eggs hatched on June 19tli, thus giving a period of three
weeks for the duration of the egg condition. The larvae in their first
instar differ markedly in several respects from the adult, and are
furnished with certain provisional structures which entirely disappear
at the first ecdysis. The newly-hatched bug has a small nari-ow
cylindrical body and very long legs and antennae. The fore parts are
almost coloui'less except for a dark greyish streak on each side. The
abdomen is pale green with black tubercles on the dorsal surface, from
each of which proceeds a long, colourless, stoutish hair, ending in a
brilUant crystal globule. The black spots are arranged so that there
are four on each segment, the two anterior ones being closer together
than the posterior, so that they form a regular pattern down the body.
The rest of the dorsal surface is furnished with similar hairs, which
do not, however, proceed from black tubercles. The eyes are bright

30

[February,

red and have but a few large facets. The legs and antennae are almost
colourless witlj a slightly dusky skin, and are covered with hairs
similar to those on the body. The club of the antennrc and the claws
are black. The rostrum is four- jointed, colourless, and with a black
tip. The ventral surface is destitute of the hairs which give such a
striking appearance to the rest of the body. The area between the
antennae is at first almost flat, and there is very little indication of the
frontal process which is so marked a feature in the adult, in which it
is longer and more pointed than in any other British species ; but it
becomes clearly visible before the end of this iustar. The length of
the body at disclosure is hardly 1 mm. ; but the insect grows rapidly
till it reaches a length of 2^ mm. before the first ecdysis takes place.
The movements and attitudes of tlie young insect are similar to those
of the adult, the body being raised considerably and balanced on the
legs as on springs. The above-mentioned apparatus of globe-tipped
hairs and black tubercles is discarded at the first change of skin, and
the insect remains henceforward destitute of them. Whatever may be
their function, it is confined to the first week of the insect's life.

On June 27th I noticed the first cast skin, and this gives some
7 or 8 days for the first instar. The larva was now over 3 mm. long,
or more than three times its original length, which seems an extra-
ordinary amount of growth with only a single moult. In its second
instar the larva is very pale green, with a central white line running
from one end of the body to the other, and with the lateral margins
broadly whitish ; this colour becomes distinctly white in the three
thoracic segments. As already mentioned, tlie black spots and hairs
have disappeared, only a few small hairs being left at the extremity of
the abdomen. A thin dark line proceeds on each side from the red
eye to the end of the thoracic segments, just inside the white border.
The underside is white and the legs pale testaceous with a black ring
before the end of each femur. The antennae have the second joint
dark at the base and apex and the last joint black. The frontal
process is much more distinct.

The second ecdysis was observed on July Gth, leaving an intei'val
of about nine days for the second instar. No change tak'es place in
the appearance of the lai*va after this moult, except that the frontal
promir.ence becomes still more marked. The colours also are more
distinct ; there is a white central line, dark green lines bordering this
on each side, and yellowish-green lateral border. In this third instar
the insect was 47, mm. long.

1913.] 31

Tlie third ecdysis took place on July 12tli, so that the third instar
lasted about six days. An important alteration in the appearance is
now seen ; the wing-pads appear, and the pronotum is strongly
margined and carinated in the middle, so that it assumes something of
the shape which is characteristic of the adult BeryUdie. The wing-
pads are short, covering only two abdominal segments, and the frontal
process is strong, but still blunt. The white central line is marked
with a greenish spot at the passage from each segment to the next.
During this instar the insect reached the length of 5 mm.

The fourth ecdysis took place, to my surprise, on July IStli, only
three days after the preceding one. The insect after this moult was
h\ mm. long and more ochreous in colour. In this instar the wing-
pads are longer, lanceolate, and covering nearly three abdominal
segments. The central keel of the pronotum is continued right
through the scutellum, and forwards along the head into the frontal
process, which is now entirely white. The white colour is continued
round it in front on to the tmder side, as a distinct margin, and the
enclosed area is brownish green.

The young bug was now in its fifth, and probably last, larval
instar, and I had every hope of rearing it to maturity. But for some
reason or other I failed to do this, and it died on July 25th, having
been ten days in its last instar. Two others reached the same stage
and then, after a still longer delay in this instar, unfoi-timately
succumbed, one on September 3rd and the other on September 7th.
These last two had entered their last instar on Augiist 1st and
August lOtli respectively. As I was spending August in Snowdonia,
I had to take these two with me, and possibly the abnormally cold and
cheerless weather we had during that month, accompanied as it was
by incessant rain, may have proved too much for their constitution,
and their little lives came to aif end after they had lived with me
between nine and ten weeks. The only other reason I can think of for
the failure of these insects to complete their metamorphosis, is that a
change of diet in the last instar may pei'haps be necessary for that
purpose, and possibly even the substitution of an animal for a
vegetable one.

Throughout their life I kept them well supplied with ordinary
lawn grass, and they often liked to get down to the dry and brown
parts of it near the roots, where they would remain for a long time
immovable. They were frequently seen to plunge the rostrum into
the green parts of the grass, and sometimes they kept it inserted for

32 [Februarj',

liours at a stretch. As the rostrum is comparatively short and the
leiJ's inordinately long, tlie attitude in feeding is peculiar ; the body is
tipped forward with the front legs rather straddling and the hind
ones placed nearly parallel to one another, supporting the upturned
abdomen. In rest, the attitude is very gracefid ; the body is neatly
balanced on the symmetrically disposed legs, and the antennae carried
with the first two joints directed upwards and backwards and the
others then bent forward upon them, so that the black club, which is
unquestionably the most sensitive part, is farthest forward ; its
position is sometimes just over the head, or again, when the insect is
apparently more alert, somewhat in advance of it.

56, Cecile Park,

Crouch End, N. :
November 2nd, 1912.

Codiosoma spadix, Herhst , in New Zealand. — In Part 2 of my " Notes on
Cossonidm " \_anted, XLV, p. 122 (19U9)], the occurrence of Codiosoma
{Phloeophagus) spadix, Herbst, at Fremantle, W. Australia, was recorded. I
may now add that the insect has also been taken on the coast of New Zealand,
and described l)y Major Broun as a new genus and species, under the name
Pselactus punctaUis, from specimens captvired on the underside of logs embedded
in sea sand at New Plymoiith. Amongst some Coleoptera recently sent by him
to the British Museiim for determination were the following : Hahrocerus
capillar icornis, Cercyon analis, and Ptinus tectus. — G. C. Champion, Horsell,
Woking : Decemher 3lst, 1912.

Note on the larva of Scirtes.- — Since the piiblication of my notes on the
Coleoptera, &c., found in Bromeliads, 1 have come across a description and
figures of the larva and pupa of the Indian S. grandis, Motsch., by D. Nowrojee
[Mem. Dept. Agric. India, II, No. 9, pi* 189, 190, pi. xxvi (April, 1912)]. As
allusion was made in my paper to the larva of a Costa Rican Scirtes, it seems
woi'th while reproducing here the description of that of the Indian S. grandis*
"' Elongate, flattened dorso-vonti'ally, slightly convex above, measuring when
full grown about 8 mm. in length and 2i mm. in breadth. Head more or less
flattened, more than twice as broad as long and partly retracted within the
prothorax ; mouth parts well developed ; labrum large, semi-circular, with the
anterioi- margin concave ; mandibles short, stout, triangular, curved outwardly,
sinuous along the inner margin, with apex finely pointed ; eyes small, incon-
spicuous ; maxillffi well developed, with a broad inner lobe and a short 4-jointed
palpii.s ; antennaj very long and slender, reaching to apex of 5th abdominal seg-
ment, setaceous, first two joints comparatively long and followed by a gi-eat many

* So far as I am aware, the larva i>f iieitlicr of the Eiirdjieaii siieeies has been described.

1913.] 33

minute joints, gradually narrowing towards tip ; pro-, meso-, and metathorax
broad, with sides rounded, the body becoming gradually narrowed behind the
metathorax ; last abdominal segment small, truncate at apex ; three pairs of
legs present, each ending in a single long claw. Colour dark brown to blackish
above, dirty white below, except sides and apical end which are fuscous ; legs
pale brown." The larvae remain clinging to the sides of the drains, particularly
at the corners where it is dark and shady. They run qviickly up and down the
sides of the drains at the bottom, biit they are much lighter than water and
cannot remain tinder the surface without clinging to some support, and when
forced to let go their hold, they rise quickly to the .surface. Occasionally they
float placidly on their backs. Eesijiration is iierial, the larva taking in air
through the tip of its body ; it riins up the sides of the drains and when close
to the surface tarns upside down, exposing the tip of the body to the air ; when
going below the svirface it carries a bubble of air attached to its hinder end.
When under water the larva protrudes from the distal end of the body a number
of processes ; they are slender finger-shaped, thin-walled sacs, pale white in
colour ; their function is not clear, probably they are connected with tlie jirocess
of respiration. The larvae are carnivorous, feeding on small insects. When
about to pupate the larva leaves the water and buries itself in the mud, where
it makes a small hole in which it pupates. They have been observed in the
drains around the college buildings at Pusa from the beginning of the hot
weather to the commencement of the cold season. The larva and pupa of
various other aquatic Coleoptera are described and figured by Mr. Nowrojee in
the same publication, viz., Eunectes sticticus, Hyphydriis renardi, Hypophorus
aper, Hydrophilus sp., Helochares sp., Sternolophusunicolor, and Dineutes U7iiden-
tatus. — G. C. Champion: December, 1912.

Acythopeus (Baridius) aterrimus, C. Waterh., in the orchid-house at Keiv. —
Some time ago my son found an interesting weevil in the flower of a Venezuelan
orchid, Cataset^im splendens, at Kew Gardens. The insect proves to be a male
of Baridius aterrimus, C. Waterh. [Ent. Mo. Mag., X, pp. 226, 227 (1874)],
described from examples sent by Mr. Jamie from Singapore, wliere it was said to
be destructive to I'halsenopsis and other orchids. In the British Museum there
are also other examples of it, found in conservatories at Torquay, Tunbridge
Wells, and Oxford, the one from Torqviay being labelled as found on Dendrobium.
The species can quite well be placed in Acythopeus, Pasc, for the present ; but
it may be stated that tlie five eastein species referred by Pascoe to his genus
have the femora unarmed, whereas in B. aterrimus tliey are toothed.
Mr. Waterhouse apparently overlooked tli;' sharp tooth on tlie inner edge of the
intermediate tibia? in the male, visible in one of liis types ; the rostrum, too, is
rugose in this sex to the tip. Mr. Froggatt, some years ago, examined one of
the Singapore specimens of B. aterrimus and pronoiinced it to be B. orchivora,
Blackb. ; but a comparison of the types shows this is not really the case, tliough
the two forms are very closely allied. Dendrobium and Phalsenopsis are eastern
genera of orchids, Catasetum is American. B. orchivora has doubtless been
introduced into Australia. — G. C. Champion : January, 1913,

Q4, [February,

Note on BlecUus sererdendus, Joy, Sfc. — Amongst the species mentioned by
M. Bondroit in his " Notes sur quelquos Staphylinidu; Palearctiqiies" [Ann. Soc.
Ent. Belg., LVI, pp. 450—452 (January 4th, 1913)], there are several of interest
to British Coleopterists. Bledius fiiscipes. Rye, is recordtnl from Holland;
B. occidentalis, Bondr., is stated to occur in Groat Britain — this insect is, I
believe, the insect known to us ixnder tlie name of B. crassicollis, Lacord. ;
B. secerdendus, Joy (1911), is said to be identical with B. suhniger, Schneid.
(1898), the type of which, from Borkum, has been examined by M. Bondroit ;
Lathrohium ripicola, Czwal., recently introduced into our list by Mr. Newbery,
is confirmed as British; L. letzneri, Gerh., is recorded from Great Britain, on the
authority of specimens in Mr. Donisthorpe's collection — this insect is presumably
one of the L. geminum, Gr.-group. — G. C. Champion : January Idth, 1913.

Note on the life-history of Enicnuis fungicola, Thorns. — On April 25th this
year (1912), I found a number of Eainnus fungicola, Thoms. {vide Ent. Mo.
Mag., 19U7, p. 103), in powdery fungus on an old ash ti-ee at Nethy Bridge,
Invernesshire. These I placed in a glass tube, together with a small quantity
of the fungus, and on coming to examine them some days later, discovered that,
besides the beetles, there were, in the fungus, a number of minute eggs. I
replaced these in the tube amongst the fungus, and having laid it on my desk
did not pay any further attention to it for some time, until one day in May I
noticed that the tube contained a number of larvse instead of eggs. No
particular care was taken of these except to give them a little air now and
again, and to put a few drops of water into the fungus to try to keep it moist,
which, however, had rather a tendency to cake it aiid to cause mould.

On going south about the middle of Jtme, I took the tube with me, and
althoixgh I regret I cannot state the exact period of pupation, the perfect beetles
emerged on the 22nd of June, and proved to be seven further examples of
Enicmus fungicola. So these beetles, originally from the Highlands, reached
the imago state in Hampshire after many journeyings, having completed their
entire metamorphosis in a small glass tube half full of the fung'us in whicli
they were discovered. — James E. Black, Nethercroft, Peebles, N.B. : Novem-
ber 29<?i, 1912.

Re Pterostichus anthracinus — a helated correction. — In Fowler's "British
Coleoptera," Vol, I, p. 65, the remark occurs, concei-ning the species now in
question, " Dr. Shai-p took a variety witli the apices of the elytra simple." The
specimen alluded to bears in my collection the label " var. elytris apice simp."
In this individual it is true that the elytral apices are simple, but the statement
that it is a variety is a mistake ; the explanation, of course, being that the
specimen is a male, it being well known that in this species the male has
unarmed apices to the elytra, while the female has them spinose. I must
apologise to Canon Fowler for liaving misled him, but I think it is desirable
that the error should be corrected. So far as I know a variety of the kind this
was supposed to be does not occvu". — D. Sharp, Bi'ockenhurst : Dec. 28th, 1912.

1913.] • 35

Lepidoptera in Surrey in 1912. — Although my brother, R. J. Champion,
and I have had bvit little time to spare for collecting and breeding during the
past year, we have succeeded in o])taining notes on a few species which may be
of intei-est.

E.HOPALOCERA. — Only Polyovimatus phloeas, ab. radiata, Tutt., August 13th,
Chobham, and Leucophasia sinapis, July 27th, Chiddingfold, need be mentioned.

BoMBYCES and Noctu^. — We have often noticed a considerable number and
variety of wings broken off the larger Lepidoptera floating in the canal at
Woking, especially in the spring. These wings are usually still perfectly
covered with scales, and often all four of a particular moth float close together ;
it seenls to us that this destruction must be due to bats. To illustrate the
variety of species represented, the following, all foimd on one occasion in a
stretch of about 100 yards, will serve: — Loplwpterijx carmelita (four specimens),
Notodonta chaonia (three), N. dodoniea (one), Tseniocampa stahilis, T. gothira,
T. gracilis, and lastly De«ias coryli, of which we have taken but one example (on
a street lamp near by) in this district.

Ino statices, which we have not previously seen in the Woking district, was
tolerably a.bundant in damp hay fields early in July. Heliothis dipsacea was
found flying swiftly over the heaths at Chobham on July 21st, and a long chase
with no other weapon than a pill-box resulted in the capture of two ? ? . On
a later occasion several were netted and plenty of larvas procured, both fi'om ova
and by sweeping. Hydrelia u7ica we found at Chobham, very locally but not
rarely, at the end of May and early in Jiuie, and the larvee could be obtained in
numbers at the beginning of August by sweeping on the same spot.

Geometry. — We have seen very little of note among the Geometers — ■
Hypsipetes ruherata, in a street lamp near Brookwood, May 5th; Melanippe
galiata, at light, Woking, May 9th, and bred June 4th ; Lobophora sexalisata, on
a willow trunk, Guildford, May 29th ; and Hyria auroraria, several beaten out
of bushes in the daytime in the middle of July near Woking (ova were obtained
and we now have the young hibernating larvae) . Larvae of Emmelesia unifasciata
were fotmd commonly on fruiting plants of Bartsla odontites early in October
near Effingham.

Crambi and Pterophori. — Two species of the former and one of the
latter call for mention : *Rhodoplisea formosa, a single specimen beaten out of a
mixed hedge at Woking, July 7th ; Homxosoma sinuella, Woking, July 17th ;
and *Leioptilus lienigianus, disturbed in the daytime, together with numerous
Ephippiphora faenella and Dicrorampha simpliciana, from bushy plants of
Artemisia vulgaris.

ToBTRiCES. — Tlie following may be recorded: — Clepsis rusticana and
Phoxopteryx biarcuana, both not uncommon near Brookwood in the middle of
May, and the latter occurring again two months later in the same and otlier
localities ; P. derasana, common at Guildford in May ; Phloeodes demarniana,
Woking', May 24th ; Coccyx cosmophorana, not uncommon, together with a
smaller number of C. coniferana, among the pines, Woking, May 14th and later ;

gn [Februaiy,

Retinia turionana, bred in numbers from larvae and pnpce found in the leading
shoots of young jjino trees, beginning of May ; Catoptria Juliana, Woking, July 7 ;
*Choreutes myllerana, larvffi, pupae, and imagines abvmdant on Scutellaria
(jalericulata, Woking, July 17th ; Eupwcilia subroseana, one example on Mickle-
ham Downs, July 7th ; and *E. alismana, bred from larvae, and the imagines
seen in large numbers at Woking, in May.

Finally, mention may be made of the breeding of the connnon Cnephasia
politana (the date of emergence being December 15th), from larva' found in
spun-up flowers of Gentiana pneumonanthe, whilst we were engaged in an
unsuccessful search for larvae of Adkinia graphodactyla, at Chobham ; young
Nemeophila russula larvae were seen feeding on the same plant.

The species marked * are not recorded in Mr. H. Goss's list for Surrey in
the Victoria History (1902), nor have they, as far as we know, been definitely
added to the list since that year.^H. G. Champion, New College, Oxford :
December, 1912.

Zygmna filipendulse, ab. hippocrepidis, at Streatley, Berks.— It may be worth
recording this supposed hybrid between Zygsena lonicerse and Z. filipendulie from
Streatley, Berks. Unfortunately, it was not recognised at the time, so fiu'ther
examples of the Burnets seen were not taken. — H. G. Champion : Dec, 1912.

A suggestion for securing certain Liotheids (Mallophaga). — Most collectors
of this order must have experienced difficvilties at times in obtaining material
of the Liotheidae owing to tlie activity displayed by these insects. The rush of
the large Ancistrona gigas, P., among the plumage of a Fulmar is not readily
forgotten, while even Physostomuni with its stiff unwieldy abdomen, moves with
unexpected speed among the roots of its host's feathers. Often indeed, Physo-
stomum escapes notice entirely during a preliminary examination of a newly
shot bird. The parasite seems to glide aside as the plumage parts, and its
presence is discovered only on picking the feathers off one by one. But it is
with the commoner genera like Menopon and Colpocephalum, that most trouble
occui-s. From hosts of the genus Corvus these genera frequently swarm on to
the hot fingers of the operator in such members as to be a nuisance. As a rule,
however, by working with the sleeves well tucked up, one may stop the para-
sites before they effect a lodging on one's person. If they do escape, it is well
to remember that the inconvenience will be temporary, as Mallophaga seem
invariably to die on man. After one of our March gales (1912), some boys
brought the wi-iter a young moribund Heron {Ardea cinerea). On this bird,
Colpocephalum importunum, N., occurred in numbers. This is an extx-emely
active form, and so troublesome from its attempts to run up one's sleeves, that
one wonders whether Nitzsch bestowed the name on accoimt of the habit To
check the insect's advances, it was found sufficient to smear a band of vaseline
round the arm, taking care to clear the feathers. C. importunum would not
pass this barrier. One simijly then ran one's fingers thi'ough the Heron's
plumage and i>icked off from time to time the insects gathered before the
band.— James W^atbrston, Tlie Manse, Ollaberry, Shetland : December, 1912.

1913.] 37

On the humming of Chironomidx. — In the " Entomologist's Monthly
Magazine" of November, 1912, is an interesting commvxnication by Mr. Clavide
Morley on " The Cause of Humming in the Air." After attributing the sound
to certain Chironomidae, Mr. Morley draws attention to the fact that his present
observation is only the second reference to the prodviction of sound by insects
of this family. Perhaps the following instance may be of interest as a third
record : —

Colombo is plagued at certain seasons by dense swarms of so-called " lake-
flies," which issue at night-fall from the margins of the shallow lake that
spreads its many arms through the residential quarters of the town. These
flies are Chironomids of a species that has been described recently by Kieffer,
under the name of Chironomus ccylanicus. Bungalows situated on the leeward
side of the water are rendered almost uninhabitable during the fly season, when
the insects swarm into the lighted rooms, blackening the walls upon whicli they
settle and making themselves generally objectionable. In the morning they
may be swept up literally by the bushel.

I happened to be bicycling one evening along a I'oad that impinged — at one
point — upon an arm of the lake. On approaching this spot I became aware of
a gradually increasing and insistent noise that I stipposed to be emanating from
some powerful machinery in rapid motion, and I was wondering what factory
could be in activity at that time and place, when I sixddenly was involved in a
dense fog of flying insects. I was instantly smothered in flies which filled my
eyes, ears and nose, almost blinding and suffocating me. I had to dismount
hiirriedly and grope my way through the living cx"Owd until the road fortunately
took a sharp tiu-n away from the water and I found myself in a clearer
atmosphere.

On this particular evening the air was comparatively still, and what little
breeze there may have been was blocked by a high wall on the opposite side of
the road. Consequently, the flies that were rising in clouds from the herbage
where they had been resting during the day, together with the swarms that had
freshly emerged from the water, were unable to disperse themselves as rapidly
as in the more open parts, and had become densely packed in the confined space.
The noise which, at the time, I supposed to be produced by the vibration of the
myriad wings, was most extraordinary. I now understand that it is more
probably attributable to actual stridvilation. This is confirmed by the fact that
a single Chironomus if, as often happens, it blunders into one's ear, makes itself
audibly perceptible by a shrill note reseml)ling that of certain mosquitoes. —
E. Ernest G-reen, Peradeniya, Ceylon : November 25th, 1912.

[I find the following note in my diary for January 25th, 1904, when calling
at Colombo on the homeward voyage from Austi-alia : — " In passing the shore
of the extensive fresh-water lagoon at the back of Colombo shortly after sunset,
I was greatly struck with the enormous nvimber of small harmless gnats on the
wing. They could be seen quite a long way off, in dense swarms looking like
colvimns of smoke or dust on the road, and on entering one of these swarms the
air was filled with the sharp hiun of myriads of wings." — J.J.W.]

38 [February,

" The Revieiv of Applied Entomology."— The Committee of the Imperial
Bureau of Entomology announce that they have decided to issue from Januai-y,
1913, a monthly journal to be t ntitled " The Review of Applied Entomology,"
in which an attempt will be made to give a prompt and concise siunmary of the
current literature from all pai-ts of the world which lias a bearing on noxious or
useful insects. Each issue of the " Review " will be divided into two parts, viz..
Series A, " Insects injurious to Agriculture and Commerce " ; and Series B,
" Insects which disseminate disease." The publishers are Dulau & Co., Ltd.,
37, Soho Square, London, W. — Eds.

#bitiiar)i.

Thomas Boyd, whose death at the advanced age of 82 years, took place on
February 5th last at his residence at South Norwood, was, with the exception
of Lord Avebiuy, happily still witli us, the senior Fellow of the Entomological
Society of London, he having been elected as long ago as 1852, as a Life
Member. In his earlier years he was well known as a keen and successful
Lepidopterist, and he became intimately associated with Mr. Stainton and other
leading workers during that strenuous and successful period of our science
covered by the " fifties " of the last century. Between 1853 and 1858 Mr. Boyd
was so fortunate as to discover and to add to our list no fewer than eleven
species of Micro-Lepidoptera, five of these, described by Mr. Stainton and
himself, being new to science. A large number of notes from his pen are
embodied in the Entomological journals, &c., of that time, mostly in the
" Weekly Intelligencer," to which he contributed (vol. ix, p. 149) a notable
article in support of the then vehemently opposed evolutionary theories of
Charles Darwin. His collections of Lepidoptera, including the types of his
new species, passed into the hands of his cousin, the late W. C. Boyd, about
thirty years ago.

The late W. R. Jeffrey. — With reference to the obituary notice of the late
Mr. W. R. Jeffrey (Ent. Mo. Mag., December, 1912) his son, Mr. J. F. Jeffrey,
writes to say that at one time his father did make a good collection of
Lepidoptera, which was recently sold at Stevens' Salerooms. — G, T. P.

Societies.

YoRK.suiKE Naturalists' Union, Entomological Section.

The Annual Meetino of the Entomological Section of tlie Yorkshire
Naturalists' Union was held at the Leeds Institute, Leeds, on October 19th last.
— Dr. 11. U. Corbett, President of the Section, in the Chair.

The report on Coleoptera was read l)y Mr. E. G. Bayford, F.E.S., who re-
marked upon the ready response the Coleopterists of the County had made to his
I'equestfor notes on their experiences of the year's work. Althoiigh there was a
consensus of opinion that the exceptionally wet season had resulted in an
appreciable scarcity of insects, the result of the year's work was very satisfactory.

1913.] 39

The following twenty species had not previously been recorded in the County,
one of them, Gluetocnema conducta, Motsch., being an addition to the British
list. A pair of this were taken by Mr. E. C. Horrell while sweeping in Forge
Valley near Scarborough. Nine other species were added by the same worker
from the Scarborough district. These were Medon pocofer, Peyr., Oxytelus
insecatus, Gv., Atomaria hasalis, Er., Zeugophora subspinosa, F., Phyllotreta
crucifene, Goeze, P. vittula, Redt., Apion bohemani, Th., Phytobius canalicu-
latus, Fiihr., and Na^iophyes lythri, F. This last species had also been met with
in plenty at Hatfield by Dr. Corbett, whose other additions from the Doncaster
district were Helochares ptmctattis. Sharp, AnisosHcta 19-punctata, L., Silvanus
unidentatus, 01. From the Cleveland district Mr. M. L. Thompson, F.E.S., added
Philonthus nigrita, Nordm., and Longitarsus sutiiralis, Marsh. From the westerly
portion of the East Riding Dr. Fordham contributed the following species new
to the County : Cryptobhim glaberrimum, Herbst, and Erirhinus bimaculatus, F.,
and from the same Riding Messrs. T. Staniforth, B.A., and G. B. Walsh, B.A.,
made the interesting addition of Helops pallidus, Ciu't., which they had found
in plenty at Spurn. One specimen of Naiisibius dentatus, Marsh., had been
taken at Barnsley by Mr. E. G. Bayford. Reference was also made to the
capture of a single specimen of Caiyophilus obsolctus, Er., at Edlington by
Mr. W. E. Sharp. In addition to these a list of 34 species which had not pre-
viously been met with in the particvilar Riding in which they had been taken
this year was read. Carabus monilis, F., was reported to have been extra-
ordinarily abundant in the Bradford district, this phenomenon having been
observed but twice before during the last twenty years. All the species named
were on exhibit, as also a ntunber of others, incliiding Dytiscus circumcinctus,
Ahr., previously known only from Askham Bog, taken at Buswith by
Dr. Fordham. Aphodius luridus, an entirely black specimen met with in the
Doncaster district by Dr. Corbett, and an imperfect specimen of Blaps mortisaga,
found amongst Egyptian wheat in Barnsley and given to Mr. Bayford. The
report on Hymenoptera and Diptcra, read by Dr. W. D. Roebiick, F.L.S.,
recorded as the sole note on the latter order the occurrence of Bombylius major
and Criorrhina floccosa at Keighley, observed by Mr. Eosse Butterfield, who for
the Hymenoptera had also sent in a list of l-i Ichneumonids, a few of Avhich are
new to the list, as is also Polyclistus mansuetor, Gr., taken in Leeds by
Mr. Walter Withell. The report expressed the general opinion that the season
had not been a favourable one except in April and May. An important feature
in the year's work had been the occurrence of Nemeritis canescens in a Barnsley
flour mill, where it had been taken by Mr. E. G. Bayford. The species had been
identified by Mr. Claude Morley, F.E.S., who stated that it had not previously
been recorded from the British Isles, its native origin being S. Euroi^e and Asia
Minor. Mr. B. Morley read the report on Lcpiidoptera,, the most interesting
items of which were the capture of five Acronycta alni near Wakefield ; Xanthia
aurago, not uncommonly among sycamore at Skelmanthorpe, Huddersfield ; and
numerous fine varieties of Abraxas grossulariata at Huddersfield. The exhibits
included a display of varieties of Hybernia defoliaria and H. aurantiaria, which
by previous circular invitation had been made a special featvire of the exhibition.
The case of these two insects exhibited by Mr. B. Morley was exceptionally fine,

40 [February,

and included a series of the var./itsca of H. aurantiaria, which so fax* has only been
recorded from South- West Yorkshire ; and a short series of a new form of the
same species in which all the winys were iiniformly pale yellow. Of this form
quite a representative nuiiiher liad been secured in the Skelmantliorpe district.
Messrs. A. Whitaker and H. Dyson also had fine exhibits of these two species.
Abraxas grossulariata also made a good show, Mr. G. T. Porritt exhibiting a
selection of the varieties he had bred from wild Hiiddersfield larva^ including
nigra, and exceptionally fine forms of nigrosparsata. Mr. Barraclough, vars.
varleyata, nigrosparsata, lacticolor, hazeleighensis, a,r\.d ftdvapicat a from the Brad-
ford district. Mr J. W. Boult, var. nigrosparsata from Hull. Mr. J. W. Carter
showed a series of Chclonia plantaginis from Fountain Fell, near Malham,
including a form in which the usual red of the abdomen was replaced by yellow,
of which he liad two specimens ; also a peculiar Pieris brassicfn from Bradford,
having the underside thickly irrorated with black scales. Mr. Barraclough, a
black Polia rhi from Bradford, and Mr. Dyson, varieties of the same species from
Skelmanthorpe. Mr. W. Hewett recorded the occurrence of Colias edusa at York,
and exhibited fine varieties of Smerinthus tiliae. Dr. Corbett, Dr. W. J. Ford-
ham, and Mr. E. G. Bayford showed the Coleoptera, aiad Mr. W. D. Roebuck
the Hymenoptera and Diptera alluded to in the Reports. Two papers were
read : " On some Characteristics of Spiders," by Mr. W. Falconer ; and " Some
Problems for Coleopterists," by Dr. H. H. Corbett, on both of which a good deal
of discussion ensued. — G. T. Poeritt.

The South London Entomoloiucal and Natural History Society.
Annual Pocket-Box Exhibition, Thursday, Nov. 2Hth, 1912. — Mr. A. E. Tonge,
F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. C. N. Freeman, of Sanderstead, was elected a member.

Mr. A. Tonge exhibited species taken and bred })y him during tlie season,
including Heliothis marginata, Agrotis cinerea, Oncoccra ahenella, Notodo7ita
phoehe (dictsea), etc,, from Reigate; Polia chi from Winslow, Bucks. ; Leucania
alhipuncta, Noctua stigmatica, Bryophila muralis var. impar, from Deal, etc.
Mr. B. H. Smith, thirty specimens of Phryxus livornica, taken at light in Corn-
wall, in May. Mr. R. Adkin, long and varied series of Anthrocera lonicerse,
A. trifolii, and A filipendulx, all three species varying from normal deep red,
through pale rod, orange to yellow by small gradations. Mr. A. Sich, the two
very rare Coleophorids obtained by him this year, Coleophora trigeminella and
C. agrammelia, the latter from E. Hoathly, Sussex, Mr. E. P. Sharp, an exten-
sive series of the Sussex forms of Dianthcecia carpophaga, and dark and red
forms of Nonagria edelsteni. Capt. Cardew, an almost obsolete underside of
Celastrina argiolus near ab. argyphontes, from Oxshott. Mr. T. H. L. Grosvenor,
a veiy long series of Coenonympha typhon, from Witherslack, Cumberland, and
Scotland ; he also showed Agriades coridon ab. semisyngrapha, ab. inieqiialis,
ab. aurantia and ab. tithonus, P. rapes from Aberdeen, with females varying
from pale yellow to buff ; underside aberrations of Aphantopus hyperanthus,
Coinonympha pamphilus, and Aricia medon and a Triphxna pronuha, -with pale
lemon yellow hind wings. Rev. J. E. Tarbat, a series of Crambus fascclincllus

1913.] 41

from Norfolk. Mrs. Hemming, two broods of Colias edusa, bred from ova laid
by females captvired on May 31st and July 21st respeetively ; there was but
little variation in brood 1, while the males of brood 2 showed a diminishing
amout of sijotting on the hind wings, and the females had considerable sup-
pression of the forewing marginal spotting. Mrs. Hemming also showed
aberrations of Pieris napi, a melanic Anthrocera trifolii, a dusky fringed
Agriades thetis, a green-tipped ^ Euchloe carda^nines, a ? C. edusa right side ab .
helice, &c. Mr. L. W. Newman, a long bred series of hybrid A. ocellatiis-populi,
examples of other hybrids previously shown, extremely large brod C. edusa, a
melanic example of Cosrnia trapezina from Bexley.and a yellow Polygoni'i c-album ;
also paintings of aberrations recently bred by him. Mr. H. J. Turner, s.'ries of
BryopMla ynuralis, from Freshwater and Dawlish, the former light green and
grey in ground, the latter dark and intense in colovir and marking ; two speci-
mens were smaller than B. perla. Mr. A. E. Gibbs, a drawer of the brilliant
S. American genus Catagramma and its allies. Mr. W. J. Lucas, a ntunber of
species of Neiu-optera, most remarkable for their strikingly exaggerated form of
wing, including Nemoptera hipennis from Giljraltar, N. coa from Corinth, Lertha
harbara, from Algeria, etc. Dr. T. A. Chapman, a series of Agriades thersites
with A. escheri, Polyommatus icartts, etc., for comparison ; and he called attention
to the overlapping of the flowering time of Ulex europseus and Ulex nanus.
Mr. Wells, an unusually large specimen of Apatura iris, and a P. c-album with
much reduced costal blotches and dark suffused hind wing. Mr. R. Bauraann,
melanic specimens of Acidalia inrgularia bred from a captured melanic female,
and a long series Hydriomena furcata (sordidata) from Forres, showing banded,
vinous and very dark forms. Mr. J. A. Simes, a long and varied series of
Melitasa didyina from Europe and N. Africa, including the small pale form ab.
persea from Greece, and the huge S. Italian form, and a beautiful radiated
aberration. The Rev. Alfred Stiff, a series of Epi7iephele titJionus, with exti-a
ocelli well developed ; Aphantopus hyperanthus with large and richly colovu-ed
ocelli ; a Celastrina argiolus, the size of Ctipido minimus ; Pyrameis atalanta,
with the fore-wing bands broken, one with light vermilion bands, and one with
partially yellow bands on the hind wings. Mr. A. G. Scorer, an Eugonia poly-
chloros, with three heavy spots on the inner margin of the fore-wing ; a
Xanthorhoe sociata, with the band reduced to a couple of spots ; a Boarmia
repandata, with the white band bordered with a blackish brown belt ; and a
Triphsena comes (orbona), with the black sub-marginal band of the hind-wings
broken into irregular rays. Mr. G. T. Porritt, series of two fine forms of
A. grossidariata, one of the var. hazeleighensis group, but with the orange band
very broad and the outer margins broadly white ; the other a heavily marked
form with very broad bands on the liind wings. Mr. W. J. Kaye, species of the
genus Heliconius, with aberrations of each species, showing melanism in both fore
and hind wings, including H. numata, H. ismenius, H. thelxiope, H. alithes, H.
melpomene, H. erato, H. doris, etc. The Rev. G. Wheeler, five examples of the
hybrid Agriades polo7ius, from Assisi, Agriades thetis, ab. punctifera, from Africa,
ab. ccelestis from S.W. France, ab. urania from Dorking, and undersides of
Dryas papMa, including ab. dives, a new form from Algeria, etc. Mr. J. Piatt
Barrett, Polyommatus icarus taken 1911 and 1912, to show that those of the

P

42 [Febrnar.v,

former date were much more hrio-litly marked than those of the Latter year.
Mr. W. J. Ashdown, a xantliic abei-ration of Epineyhele jurtina, a very variable
series of Calymnia trnpezina, and a very fine I'ange of variation in Strenia clathrnta.
Mr. Stalhnan, Ariria medon from Margate, showing some white round the
discal spots ; a female Colias edusa, with only traces of spots in the marginal
bands ; a Cosmotriche potatoria, with a semi-circular siniis in the hind wing,
bred from a Wicken cocoon ; and a Hypocrita jacohsese, with some of the red
markings yellowish. Dr. G. L. Robertson, a dark banded C. trapezina, three
confluent forms of Anthrocera trifolii, blue females of Agriades thetis, the two
last from near Dorking; bred specimens of A. meliloti from the N. Forest;
Cymatophora octogesima from a fence in Dulwich, etc. The Rev. Gr. H. Raynor,
two new forms of A. gross^dariata : (1) a dark and radiated form of ab. lacti-
color, and (2) an orange coloured form of ab. flavipalliata. Mr. Stanley
Edwards, examples of the grotips of the genus Papilio from the Ethiopian
region, including P. antimachus, P. zalmoxis, P. ridleyanus, P. rynorta,
P. hesperus, P leonidas, P. demoleus, P. menestheus, P. policenes, P. fullen,
P. latreillanus, P. nireus, P. colonna, and P. phorcas. Mr. B. H. Crabtree, a
very long series of A grossulariata, most of the aberrations known and described
by Rev. G. Raynor; a long series of A. sylvata (lUmata) including many smoky
forms ; two Nemeophila plantaginis, with the black markings absent, the ground
colour being pale ochreous yellow ; and five aberrations of Enstroma reticulata (see
Entom., XLV, pi. I). Mr. H. W. Andrews, a collection of predaceous Diptera
illustrating the work of Prof. Poulton, including British species of the Asilidse,
the Empidse, the Dolichopodidse , the Cordylurid Scatophaga stercoraria, and the
Anthomyid Ccenosia tigrina. Mr. M. E. Moseley, movmts illustrating the
various stages in the metamorphoses of Sialis lutaria. Ephemera danica,
Brachyccntrus suhnuhihis, and DictyopAera microcepluila. — H. J. Turner, Hon.
Secretary.

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society : Meeting held at
the Royal Institution, Colquit Street, Liverpool, Monday, October 21st, 1912. —
Mr. Wm. Webster, Vice-President, in the Chair. This being the opening
Meeting of the Session was devoted to exhiljits of the past season's work.

Mr. F. N. Pierce showed a box of Lepidoptera from Silverdale, Lanes., whicli
included Nemeohius hicina, Argynnis euphrosyne and Euclidia mi. From Tansor,
Huntingdonshii'e, Schosnohius mucronellus, S. forficellus, Acentropxis niveus,
Hydrocampa nympliseaia, H. stagnata, and Paraponyx stratiotata ; also Scop^da
ferrugalis . from Oxfordshire. Mr. L. West exhibited his recently published
work, " The Natural Trout Fly and its Imitations," containing a fine series of
coloured illustrations of the flies used by the angler for trout, together with a
set of the artificial flies inserted on special pages. Mr. B. H. Crabtree, two
drawers containing his very fine series of variations of Abraxas grossidariata,
including many striking forms. Mr. R. Tait, Jun., a long bred series of Agrofis
ashworthii with vars. sxdistriata and virgata, very fine set of A. agathina,
including var. rosea, and a melanic form of Boarmia repandata from N.
Wales; Leucophasia sinapis, Colias edusa, Ligdia adustata, Bapta temerata,
Melanippe galiata, irom S. Devon; Tephrosia luridata irom Wyre Forest, and

1913.] 43

Nyssia zonaria from Conway. Mr. W. A. Tyerman, the following species from
Ainsdale, viz. : — Procris statices, Ncaria reticulata, Dianthwcia nana, Plusia
festucm, Phiba.lapteryx lignata, and Eupithecia satyrata var. callunaria,
Mr. W. Mansbridg-e, Micro-lepicloptcra collected in Lancashire and Cheshire
during- the past season, viz. : — a long bred series of Tortrix costana and melanic
and intermediate variations, a long bred series of Phycis fusca, series of
Micropteryx unimaculclla, Coleophora fusccdinella, and C. lutipcnnella ; Ornix
hetulse, Lithocolletis quercifoliella, and L. cramerella from Uelaniere ; Pancalia
leuwenhwkclla and ['yraustapurpuralis from Grange, the last being very brightly
coloured. Mr. Prince, a bred series of Cidaria reticulata from Windermere,
Nenieophila plantaginis var. hospita from the Lake District, and many coast
species.

Monday, November 18th, 1912. — Dr. P. F. Tinne, Vice-President, in the
Chair.

Mr. F. C. Burne and Miss Dorith Ida Bnrne, of New Brighton, were elected
Members of the Society.

Mr. Wm. Mansbridge read a paper entitled " Moorland Collecting," which
dealt with the Lepidoptera to be found on the liigh moorlands of Lancashire and
Yorkshire. A discussion ensued in which many of the members took part.

Exhibits were as follows : — Mr. W. A. Tyerman, a beautiful series of Epunda
nigra bred from Devonshire ova. Mr. F. N. Pierce, a short series of Mellinia
ocellaris from the Thames valley. Dr. P. F. Tinne, a small collection of
Sphingidse from British Guiana. — Wm. Mansbridge, Hon, Secretary.

Entomological Society of London: Wed^iesday November 6th, 1912. —
The Eev. F. D. Monies, M.A., President, in the Chair.

On the nomination of the Council, Dr. Emile Frey-Gessner, La Eoseraie,
Geneve, Switzerland, was elected to the Honorary Fellowship rendered vacant
by the death of Prof. Ganglbauer.

Messrs. G. C. Bodkin, Govt. Entomologist, George Town, British Guiana ;
C. Talbot Bowring, Acting Commissioner of Customs, Wenchow, China ;
Frederick Lionel Davis, J.P., M.E.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), Belize, British
Honduras ; Dr. John Dewitz, Devant-les-Ponts, Metz, Lorraine ; Howard
Mountjoy Hallett, 13, Earl Eoad, Penarth, Glamorgan ; A. D Imnis, D.Sc,
B.A., F.L.S., Forest Zoologist to the Govt, of India, Forest Research Institute,'
Dehra Dun, U.P., India ; Nigel K. Jardine, 2, Castle Street, Ashford, Kent ;
Harold H. King, Govt. Entomologist, Gordon College, Khartovim, Sudan ; Jal
Phirozshah Mullan, M.A., Asst. Professor of Biology, St. Xavier's College,
Chunam Kiln Road, Grant Road, Bombay, India ; Edward J. Paterson, Fair-
holme, Crowborough ; W. Rait-Smith, 86, Gladstone Street, Abertillery,
Monmoutlishire ; and Dr. Adalbert Seitz, 59, Bismarck-strasse, Darmstadt,
Germany, were elected Fellows of the Society.

The Rev. G. Wheeler exhibited on behalf of the Rev. F. E. Lowe, a series
of Brenthis pales taken in the Heuthal, Bernina Pass, on June 24th, 27th, and

D2

4,4. fFebiuai-y,

J8th, 1912. Some were of the var. isis, and some of the ? 9 of the ab. napsea,
but the most remarkable were very pronounced examples of theab. suffusa, Wh.,
botli g and ? , some of the latter being almost completely black. Also on
behalf of Mr. E. M. Prideaux, a series of unusually blue 9 9 of PolyommaUis
icarus, taken in the spring- of this year in the Westerham district. Mr. L. W.
Newman, a long and remarkably constant series of M. aurinia, bx'ed from two
batches of ova laid by North Cornwall $ ? ; also, on behalf of Mr. G. B. Oliver,
a picked and varied series bred by the latter, also from North Cornwall larva.
Both series were bred this year. Mr. W. A. Lamborn, two larva and two bred
imagines with corresponding pupa-cases of the Lyctenid butterfly E^iliphyra
miriUca, Hall. The larvae were found in a nest of the ant (Ecophylla smarag-
dina, var. longinoda. Prof. Poulton read a letter from Peradeniya, Ceylon,
from Mr. E. E. Green, and exhibited the enclosed small cocoons of Epicephala
chalybacma, Meyr. The curiovis little biibl^le-shaped structures along the
dorsimi of the cocoon may perhaps be produced in the same way as the bodies
on the cocoons of Deilemera a7itinorii. Mr. J. A. de Gaye, who was present as
a visitor, showed examples of the West African Agaristid moth, Mcasaga
monteironis, Butler, and the Hesperiid, Pyrrhochalcia iphis, Drury, which are
respectively model and mimic, captured by him on the same day at the same
plant. Mr. Donisthorpe, a specimen of Thorictus J'orcli, var. bonnnirci, Wasm.,
a small beetle, fastened on to the antenna of an ant, Myrmccocystus bicolor, F. ;
also a specimen of the Culicid, Harpagomyia splcndens, Meig., with the ant,
Cremastogastcr difformis, Smith, from Batavia, where Jacobson had observed the
fly being fed by the ant. Mr. H. M. Edelsten, a living Buprestid hirva (species
tuicertain) which liad been found in Messrs. Allen and Hanbury's works at
AVare, in roots of sandalwood. Dr. F. A. Dixey made some remarks on the
Pierine genus, Pinacopteryx, illustrating them by exhibiting male and female
specimens of most of the species, side by side witli which were shown thfawings
made to scale of the plmnules characteristic of each form. Mr. A. Bacot, an
Acridiine Orthopteron, from the Benguella Plateau, which bore a very perfect
resemblance to the scorched grass stems, on one of which it was resting ; also
specimens of the Dijiteron, Glossina palpalis, var. ivcllmani, Austen, from
Catumbella Kiver. Mr. Eltringham, two specimens of an unusually large
Lasiocampid larva which had been presented to the Hope Department by
Mr. C. A. Foster, who took them in Sierra Leone. Prof. Poulton suggested
that the larvae might perhaps be Gonometa subfascia. Walk., or G. regia, Aiiriv.
The following papers were read : " On new species of Fossorial Hymenoptera
from S. Africa, chiefly Elidinae." By Rowland E. Turner, F.E.S. " On the
Life-History of Pseudacrsea eurytus hoblcyi, Neave. By G. H. D. Carpenter,
B.A., B.M., B.Ch., F.E.S. " On some Luminous Colcoptera from Ceylon." By
E. Ernest Green, F.E.S.

Wednesday, November 20th, 1912. — The President in the Chair.

The following were elected Fellows of the Society : Miss Margery H.
Briggs, B.Sc, 7, Winterstoke Gardens, Mill Hill, N.W. ; Messrs. Edward
Ballard, Zombo, Nyassaland ; George Trevor Lyle, Bank House, Brockenhurst ;

1913.1 45

Eev. J. W. Metcalfe, The Vicarao-e, Ottexy St. Mary ; Kixrt, Baron Rosen,
Zoologische Staatssanimhing, Municli.

The Council nominated the following Fellows as Officers and Council for
the Session 1913-1914: President: George T. Betlume-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S. ;
Treasurer : Albert Hugh Jones ; Secretaries : Commander J. J. Walker, M.A.,
E.N., F.L.S., and the Rev. George Wheeler, M. A., F Z.S. ; Librarian: George
Charles Champion, A.L.S., F.Z.S. ; Other Members of the Council : Robert Adkin,
James E. Collin, John Hartley Durrant, Stanley Edwards, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Harry
Eltringham, M.A., F.Z.S., A. E. Gibbs, F.L.S., F.R.H.S., Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A.,
Gilbert W. Nicholson, M.A., M.D., Hon. Nathaniel Charles Rothschild, M.A.,
F.L.S., F.Z.S., W. E. Sharp, J. R. le B. Tomlin, M.A., Colbran J. Wainwright.

Mr. W. A. Lamborn exhibited (1) a small company of the Nymphaline
butterfly, Euphxdra ravola, Hew., which he had bred in August last from larvte
found together under one leaf near Oni Camp, Lagos ; also a single bred
Euphxdra themis, Hiibn., and stated though this butterfly looks almost exactly
the same as E. ravola, yet the larva was quite difCei'ent in colour, and it fed on
a different food-plant. (2) Two In-ed families of the Pierine butterfly, Leucer-
ojiirt argia. Fain-., with the ? parent in each case. The ? parent of the first
family was yellow without any orange flush at the base of the fore-wing. This
family contained nine females, five of which were yellow and four white, and
all these females exhibited an orange fiush. In the second family the female
parent again \vas yellow without orange flush. There wei-e only two female
offsj)ring, one of which i-esembled the parent exactly, ^vhereas the other, a white
variation, showed the orange flush. Mr. E. C. Bedwell, specimens of Lasio-
somus ewerris, H.S., one of the rarest of the British Lygeeidse. Mr. O. E. Janson,
specimens of a remarkable Mantid ootheca from Delegoa Bay. Mr. E. C. Joy,
two aberrant specimens of C. cdusa, bred from Folkestone in October last
Dr. K. Jordan, two nests of Eucheira socialis recently received from Western
Mexico. The caterpillars of this Pierine butterfly live gregarioixsly in an
opaqvie nest of silk. The following papers were read : " Notes on Various
Central American Coleoptera, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species,"
by G. C. Champion, A.L.S., F.Z.S., P.E.S. "The Butterflies of the White Nile,
a Study in Geograpliical Distribution," by G. B. Longstaff, M.A., M.D., F.E.S.
A considerable discussion took place on the subject of Dr. Longstaff's paper.

A LIST OF BUTTERFLIES COLLECTED DURING THE LAST TEN
YEARS IN BRITISH EAST AFRICA.

BY THE REV. K. ST. AUBYN ROGERS, F.E.S.

The knowledge of the bvitterfly faima of Tropical Africa has been
extendiug with great rapidity during the last few years. Many papers
have been piiblislied on collections made in the country, so that I have
not found it possible to collate the results of the numerous naturalists
who have collected there.

4(0 [February,

However, I have had the opportunity to malie collections over a
considerable part of the Protectorate, and it may be of some interest
to publish the results.

The area in which this collection was made is bounded on the
east by the coast, and on the west by the Rift Valley,

The following list can make no claim to be complete, as there
remain many districts in which I have not collected at all, and others
in whieli I have collected but little, but I have thought it best only to
record those species which I have myself met with.

For the identification of the numerous species I am deeply
indebted to the kindness of Prof. E. B. Poulton, and those who work
with him in the Hope Department of the Oxford University Museum,
especially Dr. F. A. Dixey, Mr. H. H. Druce, and Mr. H. Eltringham.
There still remain a few species which have not yet been identified,
or which may be new.

The whole of the species, with the possible exception of some
of the most common, are represented in the Hope Department, whei'e
they may be studied.

1. — Danaida chrysi2)pus, L. Abundant eveiywli(!re, th(> fonii doripinis, King,
being far more abundant than the type form. This sjjccies generally
prefers open comitry, bvit at the end of the dry season it may be found
in forests.

2. — Danaida limniace, Cram. Generally common in forest country, and
sometimes very abundant.

3. — Melinda formosa, Godm. Taita, Taveta, Nairobi, North Kikuyu. Not
uncommon.

4. — Amauris niavius, /. dortiinicanus, Trim. A forest species often very
common. It has a slow floating flight like that of most Danaidx.

5. — Atnauris ochlea, Boisd. Though generally haunting forest, this species
is not so confined to it as A. dominicanus. Coast district, Taita, Taveta.

6. — Amauris alhimaculata, Butl. Taita, Nairobi, North Kikuyu. Generally
abundant. I have no doubt that .1. cchcria also occurs, but it is not
distinguishable on the wing, and all my specimens have been
A. alhimaculata.

7. — Melanilis leda, L. Abimdant every wliere.

8. — Gnophodes parmc7io, f. diversa, Butl. Taveta, Nairobi. Generally found
in dense forest. Not common.

9. — Mxjcalesis dentata, E. M. Sharpe. North or South Kikuyu, Kenia Forest.
Not uncommon.

10. — Mycalesis kenia, Kogenh, Nairobi Forest. Sometimes common.

1913.] 47

11. — Mycalesis safitza. Hew. Ubiquitous.

12. — Henotesia perspicMci, Trim. Coinnion and widely distribiited.

13. — Physcaeneura lecla, Gorst. Coast district. Taita. Common.

14. — Neoccenyra duplex, Butl. Taita, Taveta. Not uncommon.

15. — Neoccenyra gregorii, Butl. Taita. Ukarabani. South Kikuyu. Common.

16. — Ypthima asterope. King". Common and widely distributed. The eye spots
on the underside vary a good deal in number.

17. — Ypthima itonia. Hew. North and Soiith Kikuyu. Not uncommon.
18, — Pardopsis punctatissima, Boisd. Common and widely distribiited, especially
in the Coast district. It frequents forest as well as open country.

19 — Acrwa rahhaise, Ward. The Coast district. Fairly common in forest and
woodlands.

20. — Acrsea zonata. Hew. The Coast hills. This is a forest insect and flies
somewhat higher than most of its congeners. It is rather rare.

21. — Acrwa cuva, Smith. The Coast hills. Also a forest insect with a lofty
flight, by no means easy to captiire, as it has a tantalising habit of
floating about out of reach of the net. It is a rare species.

22. — Acrxa cerasa, Hew. South Kikuyu. This species frequents forest, and
sometimes swarms in that near Nairobi.

23. — Acrxa quirina, Pabr. Not common on the Coast hills.

24. — Acraea baxteri, E. M. Sharpe. Aberdare Mountains. Also one specimen
high up on the Dabida Hills in the Taita country.

25. — Acrsea insignia, Dist. Widely distributed and not uncommon. The black
on the hind-wings is very variable in extent, and in the specimens from
the Coast hills is generally much reduced.

26. — Acrsea neobule, Doubl. and Hew. Common and widely distributed. Thei'e
is a large, pale form found in the forests on the Coast hills.

27. — Acrsea satis, Ward. Found only in the Coast district, generally in forest
country. It is not generally common.

28. — Acrsea asboloplintha, f. rubescens, Ti-im. North Kikuyu and slopes of
Mount Kenia ; the type form being found to the west of the Eift valley.
The females of the rubescens form are generally white, and not red like
the type form.

29. —Acrsea setes acara. Hew. Generally common.

30. — Acrsea anemosa. Hew. Generally comiuon.

31. — Acrsea pseudolycia astrigera, Butl. Ukambani. This species is generally

fairly common where it occurs, but its range is mvich more restricted

than that of the two preceding species.
32. — Acrsea areca, Mab. Generally distributed and fairly common.
33. — Acrsea perenna, Doubl. and Hew. Taita. I have only obtained a single

specimen, but it may have been passed over,

4S [P'ebniaiy, i9Vi.

34. — Acrxa chilo, Godm. Coast district. Taita, Taveta. The species is often
common. The female was long known as A. crystallina, which is not
siirprisiiig', as both wings are quite transparent, and the spots are
obsolete in the fore wings and much rediiced in the hind wings.

35. — Acrsea acrita. Hew. Taita, Taveta, Ukambani, Kikiiyn. Generally
common. Most specimens are of the form pudorinn.

36. — Acrxa equatorialis, Neavc. Coast district, Taita. Not uncommon. This
form lias recently been separated from the type Ijy Mr. Eltringham
nnder the name of anxmia.

37. — Acrxa pudorella, Aiiriv. Taita, Taveta. Apjjarently not common.

38. — Acrxa caldarena. Hew. Eabai. This species does not seem by any means
common. The examples taken are not typical lacking as they do the
pronounced black tip to the fore-wings.

39. — Acrxa brxsia, Godm. Genei-ally distributed. This species is particularly
abundant in Taita, where the form regaLis also is of frequent occurrence.

4D.— Acrxa oncxa, Hopff. Widely distributed and often common.

41. — Acrxa cxcilia, Fabr. Not uncommcm in Ukambani and j^robably occurs
elsewhere.

42.— Acrxa natalica, Boisd. Generally abundant.

43. — Acrxa terpsichore, L. Uliiquitous. I once found a pupa all golden on a
yellow leaf. Each day when the sun was hot it raised itself so as to lie
along the underside of the leaf. Was this diie to the heat of the sun ?

44. — Acrxa excelsior, Sharpe. I have only taken this at considerable elevations
on the Aberdare Mountains up to 11,000 ft.

45. — Acrxa acerata. Hew. Taita, Kikuyu. All my specimens of this common
species seem to be of the form tenella.

46. — Acrxa honasia alicia, Sharije. Ukambani, Kikuyii, Kenia. Often exceed-
ingly abundant. I once counted 460 on one small tree.

47. — Acrxa uvui, Smith. Kikuyu, Kenia. Not uncommon. It is not possible to
distinguish this from the preceding on the wing.

48. — Acrxa cahira, Hopff. This is a common species everywhere except in the
coast district. It is very variable.

49. — Acrxa pharsalus. Ward. Taita, North Kikuyu. Generally rather
vmcommon.

50. — Acrxa encedon, L Ubiqvxitous. The daira form seems to be the most
numerous, but all forms occur.

51. — Acrxa auhyni, Eltr. Coast district. This species does not seem common.
It flies rather higher than most of its congeners but not rapidly

52. — Acrxa johnstoni, Godm. Taita, Taveta, Kikuyu, Kenia. A most protean
species which seems to have been modified in mimicry of several species
of Danaidx and Planema.

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CONTENTS. PAGE

Some new species of Gabrius (with Plate). — Norman H. Joy, M.S.C.S., F.E.S. 25

Notes on a small collection of Languriinse from Borneo and the Malay Peninsula,
with descriptions of two new species. — Rev. W. W. Fotoler, D.Sc, M.A.,
F.L.S 27

A contribution towards the life-history of Berytus clavipes, F. — E. A, Butler,

B.A., B.Sc, F.E.S 28

Codiosoma spadix, Herbst, in New Zealand. — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 32

Note on the larva of Scirtes. — Id 32

Acythopeus (Baridius) aterrimus, C. Waterh., in the orchid-house at Kew. — Id. 33

Note on Bledius secerdendus, Joy, &c. — Id 34

Note on the life-history of Enicmus fungicola, Thorns. — James E. Black, F.E.S. 34

He Pterostichus anthracinus — a belated correction. — D. Sharp, M.A., F.E.S.... 34

Lepidoptera in Surrey in 1912. — H. G. Champion 35

Zygsena filipendulse, ab. hippocrepidis, at Streatley, Berks. — Zd 36

A suggestion for securing certain Liotheids (Mallophaga). — Rev. James Water-

ston, B.D 36

On the humming of Chironomidje. — E. Ernest Green, F.E.S 37

"The Review of Applied Entomology." — Eds 38

Obituaries. — Thomas Boyd 38

The late W. R. Jeffrey 38

Societies. — Yorkshire Naturalists* Union, Entomological Section 38

South London Entomological Society 40

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 42

Entomological Society of London 43

A list of butterflies collected during the last ten years in British East Africa. —

Rev. K. St. Aubyn Rogers, F.E.S 45

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March, 1913.] ^9

53. — Acrisa lycoa fallax, Eogenh. North Kikiiyii, Kenia. This species cannot
be distinguished on the wing- from the commonest form of the preceding.
54. — Acrsea esebria, Hew. Coast district, Taita, Taveta. Not uncommon.

55. — Acrsea ansorgei, Gr. Smith. A single specimen from Limoru which has all
the pale areas creamy white.

56. — Planema quadricolor, Eogenh. N. Kikuyu, Kenia, Generally rather rare,
but I once saw several in Kenia Forest.

57. — Planema montana, Butl. Coast district, Taita, Taveta. Not uncommon.

58. — Lachnoptera ayresi, Trim. Coast district, Taveta, Nairolji. Not generally
common, but males are sometimes abundant in Nairobi Forest.

59. — Atella columUna, Cram. The Coast district. It is so extremely like the
next following species that it is often passed over and will probably be
found elsewhere.

60. — Atella phalantha, Drury. Ubiquitovis.

61. — Brenthis hanningtoni, Elwes. Very abundant on Kenia and Aberdare
Mountains above 6,000 ft. It is the commonest butterfly in the bamboo
jungle.

62. — Hypanartia hippomene, Hiibn. Taita, South Kikuyu, North Kikvxyu.
Common above 5,000 ft.

63. — Hypanartia schceneia, Trim. Soiith Kikuyu, North Kikuyu. Mvxch less
common than the preceding.

64. — Pyrameis ahyssinica, Feld. Soiith Kikuyti and North Kikityu. Common.

65. —Pyrameis cardui, Linn. Ubiquitous.

66. — Precis orithyia madagascarieyisis, Guen. Common everywhere. Freqvients
open paths.

67. — Precis clelia, Cram. Ubiquitous.

68. — Precis hierta cehrene. Trim. Generally common, especially in dry places.

69. — Precis westermanni, Westw. South and North Kikuyu. Common. This
species is more addicted to woodlands than the foregoing.

70. — Precis sesamus, Trim. North and South Kikuyu, Ukambani, above 4,000 ft.
The wet form is generally prevalent except from June to Septembez', but
both may be seen flying together not unfrequently.

71. — Precis antilope, Feisth. Coast hills, Taita, Taveta. The dry form seems
more prevalent than the wet form.

72. — Precis aurorina, Butl. Taita, North and South Kikuyu. Fairly common.

73. — Precis archesia. Cram. Common in North Kikuyu. The di-y form is very
rare.

74. — Precis limnoria, Klvig. Rare in the Coast district, but common in Taita
and Taveta. It also occurs in Ukambani. This form is probably con-
specific with the preceding.

75. — Precis elgiva. Hew. Coast district, Taita, Taveta, North and South Kikuyu.

Common.

E

50 [March,

76. — Precis natalica, Felder. Common and widely distrilnitod.

77.- — Precis styrjia, Auriv. I liavo only met with this at Kijabe.

78. — Catacroptera cloanthe, Cram. Widely distributed.

79. — Salamis nelndosa. Trim. Coast district, Taita, Taveta. Common.

80. — Salamis parhassus, Drurj'. Widely distributed. Common.

81. — Salmnis cacta, Fabr. Coast hills, Taita. This species is by no means
common in E. Africa.

82. — Hypolimnas misippus, Linn. Ubiquitous and abundant. Breeding- experi-
ments indicate that the type form and the inaria form bear a Mendelian
relationship, the type form being- dominant. The two forms are equally
common.

83. — Euralia deceptor. Trim. This species is often qiiite common in the coast
district. I have not met with it elsewhere.

84. — Euralia duhius. Pal. de Beauv. The form wahlhergi, Walleugr., is not
uncommon in the Coast district and is also found in Taita, Taveta, and
Ukambani. The form mima. Trim.., is also foxu^J. in Taita and Ukambani,
but I have never seen it in the Coast district where its model {Amauris
alhimaculata) is absent. The two forms, though very different in appear-
ance, have been proved by breeding to belong- to one species.

85. — Euralia usamhara, Ward. This fine species is only found in the Coast
district and that but rarely.

86, — Eurytela hiarhas, Drury. With the exception of the Coast district this

species is common everywhere where there is any biish.
87. — Eurytela dryope. Cram. Ubiquitous.
88. — Neptidopsis ophione. Cram. Generally common.

89. — Neptidopsis fuhjurata, Boisd. By no means uncommon in the Coast district,

where it to some extent replaces the preceding species.
90. — Byblia ilithyia, Driu-y. Abundant everywhere on gi-ass lands.
91. — Crenis morantii, Trim. North Kikuyu. Not common.

92. — Crenis hoisdui-ali, Wallengr. North Kikuyu. The most common of the
genus.

93. — Crenis natalensis, Boisd. Coast hills, Kikuyu. Not common.

94.- Cyrestis camillus, Fabr. Though widely distributed this species is not
generally common.

95. — Ne2)tis saclava, Boisd. Generally abundant.

96. — Neptis agatha, Stoll. The most abundant of the genus. It varies con-
siderably in size.

97.— Neptis seeldrayersi, Auriv. Coast district. Taveta. It is not easy to
distinguish between this species and large specimens of tlie preceding,
and it is liable to be overlooked.

\)8.— Neptis trigonophora, Butl. Coast district. Nairobi. This species also
resembles N. agatha on the wing. It is mucli less common,

1913.] 51

99. — Neptis goochi, Trim. — Coast district. Taveta. This species seems to
intergrade towards N. melicerta. All these species of Neptis are very
similar on the wing and have the same habits, so that it is easy to pass
over the less common forms.

100. — Neptis incongrua, Bntl. The tops of the higher Taita hills, Kinangop.
Not uncommon. This species resembles Eurytela hiarbas when on the
wing and the flight is very similar. On one occasion the two species
were netted together as they circled round each other, and it was only
after captiiro that they could be differentiated.

101. — Neptis ivoodwardi, Sharpe. North Kikuyu and Kinangop Not generally
common.

102. — Pseudacrma lucretia expansa, Butl. Coast district. Nairobi. Generally
fairly abundant.

103. — Pseudacrxa trimeni, Butl. Common in the Coast hills, biit distinctly
uncommon at Taveta.

104. — /'seudacrxa rogersi. Trim. The types were taken at Shinba and E,abai.
No other specimens have been met with. It is probably a local form of
the W. Africa Ps. eurijtus, Linn.

105. — At erica galene, Brown. The Coast hills. A common species in forest
country.

106. — Hamanumida dsedalus, Fabr. Generally distributed and often common.
Usually found in more or less open coiintry.

107. — Euphxdra eleus, Drury. The Coast hills. This species seems rare and is
only found in forests.

108.- — Euphiedra neophron, Hopff. The Coast hills. Taita, Taveta. This
beautiful species is abundant and is not so confined to forest as most
of the group. I have often seen it in my garden at Eabai.

109. — Euryphene senegfaiens is, Herr.-Schaeff. The Coast district, Taveta. I have
* found this insect common in the Coast district. It is more particularly
addicted to coco-nut plantations and gardens, and is seldom found in
the real forest.

110. — Euryphene chriemhilda. Stand. The Coast hills. By no means uncommon
in natural forest. It is hardly ever found flying with the preceding
species.

111. — Euryphura achlys, Hopft'. The Coast hills. This is also a forest species,
and is often seen with Euryphene chriemhilda. It often frequents the
gateways of native villages when these are in forest country.

112. — Euptera Icinugnana, Smith. I have received one specimen of this rare
species from Shimba, near Mombasa.

113. — Uarma (n. sp. ?) One female on the top of the Dabida hills in Taita.

114!.— Euxanthe wakefieldi,W-Avd. Coast district. Taita, Taveta. By no means

uncommon in woodlands.

E2

52

[March,

W'i —Euxanthe tiherius. Smith. Coast hills. Tliis species is never common
and is extremely local. It is found only in dense forest. It is a mao-ni-
fieent insect. It generally settles on sai^lings iinder the shade of large
trees, and its flight is rather slow as a rule.

116. — Charaxes brutus, Cram. Generally distributed.

117. — Charaxes castor. Cram. Coast district. Taita, Taveta. Not uncommon.
The larva feeds on Afzelia caunzensis, which is known to the Swahilis as
Bambakofi. The head has four divergent horns and is gx'een, with the
liorns tipped witli red, the outer ones with a yellow stripe on the out-
side. The body is green with a yellow spiracular stripe and is covered
with small yellow tubercles. It has a round greenish-yellow spot with a
black centre on the seventh segment, and a similar more irregidar spot
on the ninth segment, the latter being sometimes obsolete. The piipa is
bluish-green with white markings. The egg is si^herical witli the toj)
slightly concave ; it is yellow with a dark brown ring roimd the top.

118. — Charaxes saturnus, Btitl. Coast district. Taita, Taveta. Not uncommon
in some years. The larva is similar to that of Ch. castor, but has a
smoother ajjpearance, and tlie large dorsal spots have the centre liluish-
green instead of black. The piipa has the white markings much less
developed.

119. — Charaxes hansali, Feld. Taita. Ukanibani. I have only taken a few of
this rare species.

120. — Charaxes polhtx. Cram. Taita. N Kikvi3'u. Not uncommon. The larva
is green with a small round rufoiis spot on tlie back of the seventh
segment, and the tips of the horns are bluish.

121. — Charaxes tareteiisis, Eothschild and Jordan. I have only obtained a
single specimen of this rare form which was reared from a larva found
at Jilore on the same kind of tree as that of Ch. castor. The larva is
green with an indistinct triangular mark on the seventh segment, the
apex pointing towards the tail. The pupa is dark green with broad
bright yellow spots and bands.

122.— Charaxes boueti lasti. Smith. I have only taken this species in the Coast
district, where I have found it fairly common. It is not quite so active
as most species of the genus, and females are not so scarce as in some
species, e.g., Ch. etheocles.

123. — Charaxes azota. Hew. Coast hills. Taveta. This fine species is rather
uncommon. The larva is of the usual Charaxes shape. The colour is
green, the head being bordered with brown. It has an orange spiracular
stripe, the tubercles being more orange and the green of the body has a
somewhat mottled appearance which changes before pupation into dull
yellow, with a row of large lateral ill-defined brown spots. Tlie dorsal
spot on the seventh segment is large and triangular witli tlie apex
pointing backward. It is orange l)rown. The pupa is pinkish with
chocolate broAvn mai'kings.

1913.] 53

124. — Chanixes baumanni, Eogenh. Taita, Taveta. Not generally common.

125. — Charaxes etheocles, Cram. Taita, Taveta. The males are fairly common,
but the females are rare. At Taveta, where it frequented stunted trees
growing on the top of a low hill, I obtained a good many. The only
female form which I have taken is that knowna as kirki.

126. - Charaxes guderiana, Duv. The Coast district. Generally found in forest
where it flies high, and is not easily taken.

127. — Charaxes ethalion, Boisd. Coast hills. Taita, Taveta. The males are
less common than those of Ch. etheocles, but not rare.

128. — Charaxes violetta. Smith. Coast district. Taveta. This species appears
to be rather rare.

129. — Charaxes cithseron, Feld. Generally distribvited and not imcommon in
forest country. The females are found as commonly as the males. In
common with all species of the genus they are not easy to capture.

130. — C7ia?-a«es bohemani, Feld. The Coast district. I have only secured two
males of this species. This must be near the Northern limit of its range.

131. — Charaxes pythodoris. Hew. The Coast hills. I have only found it in
forest country.

132. — Charaxes jahlusa, Trim. — The Coast hills. Taita, Taveta. Not generally
common.

133. — Charaxes candiope, Godart. Generally distributed and commoner than
most species of the genus.

134. — Charaxes varanes. Cram. Genei'ally common.

135. -Charaxes zoolina, Doubl. and Hew. Widely distributed. Both the
zoolina and the manthes forms occur. The former was particularly
abundant in Taita and Taveta in 1905.

136. — Charaxes eupale, Drury. A single specimen at about 6000 ft. on the
S.W. of Kenia. It seems very rare to the East of the Rift Valley.

137. — Libythea laius, Butl. The Coast district. This species is very uncertain
in its appearance, and sometimes is not seen for years. I have already
recorded its capture on migration.

138. — Almna picata, Sliarpe. Coast hills. I have found the species rare. The
female is like a small Neptis, and the male bears a general resemblance
to a small Acrsea.

139. — Telipna rogersi, Druce. Coast hills. A very local butterfly, sometimes
fairly common where it is foiuid.

140. — Pentila amenaida, Hew. The Coast district. This common species is
very variable, and the niunber and size of the black spots is very
inconstant.

141. — Pentila peucetia, Hew. Coast hills, Taita, Ukambani. I have taken this
in some numbers. It is always found in woodlands.

(To he continued.)

54 [March,

BRADYCELLUS DISTINCTUS, Dej., IN ENGLAND.
BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.B.S.

Last year Dr. Joy pointed out (Ent. Mo. Mag., p. 267) that the
specimens supposed to be Bradycellus distiiictns in our collections are
not that species, but a new one, which he named B. skaiyi-

I have now the pleasure of recording the occurrence of the true
B. distinctus, Dej., near Bournemouth, where I met with three speci-
mens last summer. It is a very easily distinguished species, having a
great deal of punctuation on the thorax, and well-marked hind angles
of that part ; it has no pore on the third interstice of the wing-case
and has ample wings. It is the largest of our species, slightly
exceeding B. shaiyi in this respect.

Brockenhurst :

February 18th, 1913.

LARV^ OF CYPHONID^ (COLEOPT.) IN BROMELIACEM.
BY FKEDEEICK KNAB.

In the January number of the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine
(page 2), Mr. Champion discusses the Cyphonid larvae occurring in
water held by the leaf -bases of Bromeliacese* On two visits to the
American Tropics the writer investigated Bromeliacese in quest of
mosquito larvse. It soon became evident that, besides the Culicid
larvse, which were almost invariably present, the Bromeliads harboured
a rich insect fauna. This is made up of three elements : those living
directly upon the plant itself (as certain boring Lepidopterous and
Coleopterous larvaj), those living among the plant-rubbish lodged
between the leaves, and finally the aquatic forms living in the water
at the leaf -bases. Among the aquatic forms the characteristic larvae
of CypJionidx, with their long and slender multi-annulate antennae,
were conspicuous objects. Cyphonid larvae were found to be frequent
also in the water in holes of trees, such as are the habitat of certain
mosqiiito larvae.

In my earlier collecting in eastern North America (Massachu-
setts), larvae of Cyplionidie were long familiar to me. They occurred
frequently in woodland pools with abundant plant debris, and later,
when I began to investigate mosquitoes, they also turned up in water
in holes of trees, and finally, in wooded situations, in rain-barrels.
The larvae in the tree-holes and rain-barrels were often larger than any

* The Costa Rican Scirtcs mentioned by me, and its larva, has been described by M. Picado
under the name S. ckampiuni. (Cf. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxxvii, pp. 315-319 (Jan. 31st, 1913). —
G. C. C.

1913.] 55

I found in ground-pools and they appeared to differ in other respects,
so that I gained the impression that they belonged to other species
and possibly to other genera. They seemed to be of very slow growth
and none were reared.

Are the larvae in tree-holes distinct from those in gronnd-pools,
and those in Bromeliads- distinct from the ones in the tree-holes?
I believe that at least those inhabiting the Bromeliads are distinct,
but, in the alisence of exact knowledge of the generic and specific
characters of Cyphonid larvae, rearings alone can settle this question.
My belief, in the meantime, gains some support from the fact that
the Blptera breeding in the Bromeliads have been found to be, almost
without exception, confined to this habitat.

Should the Bromeliadicolous Cyplionidie prove distinct, speci-
fically or generically, a description of one of these forms, which
appears to have been lost sight of, becomes important. The insect
was reared from Bromeliads by Friedenreich in the province of Santa
Catharina, Brazil. His account of it appeared in 1883, and he
described the form as a new aberrant genus of HaUicinas, Pentam-
eria hromeliaruni, evidently having been misled as to its systematic
position by the saltatorial hind legs.*

The description of the beetle and of its larva leaves no room for
doubt that Friedenreich had before him one of the saltatory Cyphonidds.

U. S. Bui-eaii of Entomology,
Washing-ton, D.C. :

February, 1913.

COLEOPTEBA IN OECHIDS.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

In the February No. of this Magazine (antea, p. 33) the capture
of a weevil, Acythojjeus aterrimus, in the orchid house at Kew, &c.,
was recorded. Two other orchid beetles have now come under my
notice. One of them, a MordelUstena, has recently been sent in some
numbers to the British Museum, by Prof. E. Newstead, of Liverpool,
and Prof. E. S. MacDougall, of Edinburgh, for identification. These
specimens were all obtained from a species of Cattleya, a genus of
orchids peculiar to the warmer parts of America. Mr. Newstead's
examples are labelled as having been bred from leaves of a Cattleya,
December, 1912, from an orchid house at Groombridge, near Tunbridge

* Friedenreich, C. W. Pi iitamcria bromeliarum, eine peutainere Haltioide. Ent. Zeitung,
Stettin, Vol. xliv, pp. 14U-144. 1S83.

56

[March,

Wells ; those forwarded by Mr. MacDougall, also bred from a
Cattleya, are believed to have been imported in Venezuelan plants. A
description of the beetle is appended below, and the last-named
entomologist informs me that he intends shortly to descri])e and ligure
its larva and pupa.

The other insect mentioned is the pupa of a Longicovn found in a
freshly imported plant of Bendrohium ivardlanum in Dr. Cfodman's
orchid-house at Horsham, This beetle can be safely identified as
Diaxenes dendrobii, Gahan, a species known to attack the pseudo- bulbs
of Dendrobium nobile, an orchid inhabiting Burma and India.

MORDELLISTENA CATTLEYANA, U. sp.

Moderately elongate, narrow, shining, closely minutely punctate, finely
pubescent ; testaceous, the elytra with two transverse fuscous fasciae (one before
the middle, the other towards the apex, the anterior one sometimes interrupted
at the suture), the eyes, and the minute spines at the apex of the posterior tibia,
and of each posterior tarsal joint, as well as those forming t]ie olilique ridges,
black ; the wings smoky black in their outer half (as seen folded). Antennae
slender, joints 3 and 4 short, together not longer than 5 ; 5 — 10 elongate, shorter
in ? , equal, 11 slightly longer than 10 ; terminal joint of the maxillary palpi
elongate-triangiilar, similar in the two sexes, moderately stoiit, first joint of the
posterior tarsi with two, and the second joint with one, and the posterior tibite
with three, oblique rows of miniite spines, the first row on tlie tibiae extending
nearly across their outer face ; pygidium very long and slender ; penis-sheath
of (? di-awn out into a narrow point at tip. Length (excluding pygid.)
2— 2tL mm. ( J ? •)

Hah.: ? Venezuela (Mus. Brit.).

The above description has been drawn up from twelve specimens,
one of which (a c?) is mounted in Canada- lialsam. M. cattJeyana is
easily recognizable by its testaceous general coloration, the fusco-
bifasciate elytra, the blackish wings, the very short third and fourth
joints of the antennae, and the number and position of the oblique
ridge-like rows of minute l)lack spines on the posterior tibite and
tarsi. The Mexican M. xanthopyga and M. annulipyga, both figured
by me in the " Biol. Centr.-Am.," in 1891, are allied forms. The
anterior tibioe are not elongated in the male, and the sexual differences
are slifjht.

Horsell, Woking:

February, 1913.

1913.] 57

THREE NEW SPECIES OF ATHETA.
BY NORMAN H. JOY, M.R.C.S., F.E.S.

IMost students of the genus Atheta must have been puzzled over
the apparent variability of A. melanocbra, Th. (volans, Scrib.), and have
suspected that more than one species was really included under this
name. I have now examined the (^ genitalia of a large number of
specimens of this species, and have found four distinct forms of
tedeagus. There is little doubt as to which of these species the name
melanocera applies. In Thomson's original description the legs are
described as being fusco-testaceous in colour with darker posterior
femora, and in only one of the species are the legs so coloured. To save
confusion I still regard halophila, Th., and volans, Scrib., as synonyms of
melanocera, and describe the other three forms as new to science.
The (^ of all four species may be recognised from the $ by the broader
and more rounded under plate of the sixth free segment of the hind
body, the upper plate in both sexes being simply rounded. In the ^J
of A. elongatula, G-rav., the under plate projects further beyond the
upper plate, the hind margin of which is slightly sinuate in the middle
in both sexes. The sedeagus in the four species under review is a com-
paratively large organ. In A. elongatula the ^ genitalia are of an
entirely different structure, the median lobe being very small. As will
be seen from the following descriptions there are external characters
which will help in the identification of the species. These are generally
only comparative differences, but they are distinct enough, at any rate
in fresh examples. Very old specimens become much faded so that
the colour of the legs cannot be relied upon. There appears to be no
difference in pu.nctuation or the shape of theantennse. I have thought
it best to give a rather detailed description of A. melanocera, so that
the comparative differences in the other species will be more compre-
hensible.

A. MELANOCERA, Til.

Black, elytra sometimes pitchy brown, apex of sixth free segment of hind
body sometimes yellowish, antemue black, first two joints pitchy, legs fuscous
yellow, femora slightly darker; fore-parts rather dull, finely bvit distinctly
shagreened ; head much narrower than elytra ; antennae with f oiirth and fifth
joints elongate, penultimate joints quadrate or slightly transverse; thorax
slightly narrower than elytra, rather strongly transverse, broadest close to
anterior angles and very slightly contracted behind ; elytra 1\ times longer than
thorax ; basal segments of hind body rather closely, apical segments diffusely,
punctured ; median lobe of sedeagus with two right-angled bends and pointed
at the apex (Pig. 1). Length 3 — 3.5 mm.

Kg [March,

Not commoii in the south of Enp^laud, but very comraou in

Scotland. This species may be recognised from its allies by its smaller

head and darker legs.

A. TOMLINI, sp. jiov.

Smaller ami lig-htei" in colour than A. mela)iocera, first joint of antenna> and
legs light yellow ; head larger than in melaiiocera ; thorax rather strongly
transverse, slightly narrower than elytra, and slightly contracted behind ;
median lobe of ffideagns with a single bend, the tei-minal jjortion long and not
thickened towards apex (Fig. 2). Length 2.4 — 2.8 mm.

Common in the south of England.

A. MALLEUS, sp. nOV.

Very like A. tomlini, but on the average larger; thorax slightly narrower

in proportion to elytra, and slightly less contracted behind than in ,4. tomlini

and A. mclanocera ; median lobe of ajdcagus with a single bend, the terminal

portion short and distinctly dilated at the apex (Fig. 3). Lengtli 2.6 — 3.2 mm.

England and Ireland, probalily common. In fresh specimens the
legs appear to be of not quite such a light yellow as in A. tomlini.

A. OBTUSANGULA, Sp. UOV.

As a rule rather lighter than A. melanocera; head larger; thorax only
slightly transverse and more contracted behind ; legs clear yellow ; median lobe
of aedeagvis only slightly bent and larger and broader than in any of its allies
(Fig. 4). Length 3 — 3.5 mm.

This species is extremely like A. clongatxda. Apart from the characters of
the sixth free segment of the hind body it may be distinguished from the latter
by its slightly narrower head, and by having the thorax a little more contracted
behind. All the four members of this gTOup differ from A. elongatula by having
the antennae distinctly less thickened towards the apex and the penultimate
joints more contracted towards the base of each, a character given by Fowler
(Col. Brit. Islands, Vol. II, p. 78) under A. volans.

South of England, rare.

I must thank Messrs. Champion, Donisthorpe and Tomlin for
kindly allowing me to dissect many specimens in their collections.

1. Apical portion of median lobe of a'deagus in Atheta melanocera.

2. „ „ „ „ „ tomlini.

3. „ „ „ „ „ malleus.

4. „ „ „ „ „ obtusangula.

Bradfield, Berks :

January, 1913.

1913.] 59

THE WINGLESS GEOMETEE.

BY JOHN H. WOOD, M.B.

It is a remarkable circmnstance wlieu we come to tliiuk of it that
all the winter Geometers, without exception, have wingless females ;
but it is almost equally so that in so large a Division as the Geometrina
there is not, so far as I know,* a single British species that hibernates
in the perfect state. When we turn to the other great Divisions, we
find that in most of them there are hiberuators. Even among our
small number of Bhopalorera there are several that do so ; quite a
number in the Noctidna, and the same also in the " Micros," both
Tortricina and Tineiim. There must then be something peculiar
either in the constitution or the structure of the Greometer to account
for the fact that none of them hibernate. This something I think we
can find in the structure of the wing. These organs are very large for
the size of the insect; they are also by comparison very weak and
flimsy, and they are, besides, disposed at rest in a very open and
exposed manner. On the other hand, in two of the great Divisions
mentioned above, the structure of the wing is stronger, the size less
ample, and at rest they are carried close to the body. In the other
great Division, the Bhopalocera, the wings, though ample, are reduced
to half their size by meeting over the back when the insect is at rest,
and at the same time in this position each supports and strengthens
the other. Hence these insects can creep into small chinks and
cavities, or shelter among leaves and rubbish without risk to the
wiiigs, organs of such importance when the awakening season arrives.
But the case is very different with the Geometers. Small chinks and
crannies are not available for them with their ample wings, whilst
should they seek shelter among diy leaves or rubbish, these tender
organs would get sadly frayed and tattered.

The same difficulty, to a large extent, must meet the winter
Geometer. Its wings are an incumbrance and an impediment. There
are no leaves under which the insect can take shelter, and the tree
trunks, common resting places in the summer, deprived of their leafy
covering become in a rainy time watercourses, collecting on all sides
the streams running down from the boughs. And so it has come
about, in the interest of the species, that the female who has to live
considerably longer than the male, and never goes in search of him,
but he of her, loses her wings, whilst her mate retains them in full
perfection. Probably all of us who have given any thought to the
matter have come to much the same conclusion.

* Except Triphosa duhitata, Cidaria miata, and C. psittacata. — J. J. W.

60

[Miirch,

But tlie question arises : How has this beeu brought about ?
Now there is a well known law that when an organ is not used, in
time it degenerates and is eventually lost. And just as there are
amongst ourselves the restless, roving individuals — the great mass in
these days of the race, and the quiet stays- at-home, so is it much the
same in the insect world. There are the active species tliat love
getting on the wing, and there are the sedentary stays-at-home which
never stir far from the spot where they saw the light. And here,
I may observe in passing, that this latter quality or instinct is, I
believe, one of the chief causes of the rarity or localness of those
insects which the collector delights to go in search of.

Let me give the most striking instance that I know of, of this
stay-at-home habit. Many years ago the late Mr. Machiu captured in
the London district a few specimens of Goleophora inulas, an insect
which had never before been talcen in this countiy. Although he
visited the spot in subsequent years, he never again succeeded in
meeting with it, and the insect remained unrecorded, until I turned it up
here in Herefordshire. I found it occupying a corner, scarcely larger
than the table I am writing at, of a small drained pond. Here I
continued to find it for upwards of 14 or 15 years, and might be doing
so still, had not the pond been once more dammed up for the exigencies
of hop washing. Outside this tiny locality I never siicceeded in finding
it, althougli tlie food i^liint, I /nil a dyt>e liter ica, is very common in the
district, and even grew in plenty within 50 yards of the insect's home.
We must therefore recognise the stay-at-home instinct as a very potent
feature in some insects.

Sometimes it seems forced upon them by the conditions under
which they live. And for an example let me turn to the Dipt era.
In the Plioridx, a family I have given some attention to lately, are
certain species (unfortunately we do not appear to have any of them
in this coimtry) which inhabit ants' and white ants' nests. The males
are scarcely known, and the only one thd^t is has functional wings ;
but the females have lost theirs, either com])letely or nearly so. In
the narrow passages of the ant's nest wings could not be used, and as
the nests are usually of a very permanent nature, the female insect,
with lodging for herself and food for her offspring all round her, is
under no temptation to leave and fly abroad in search of other
quarters. A still more interesting instance, because it shows the
steps of the process, is given by tlie new species PJiilijgria i^etnialata,
described and illustrated by Mr. Collin in the January number of the

1913.] Ql

" Entomologist," from examples captured by Mr. J. Collins outside
sand-martin's nests. Here the process lias not advanced very far.
The wings are reduced and their venation simplified, more so in the
female than in the male, so that her power of flight must be very
poor ; and probably after impregnation she creeps back into the
martin's burrow. Again, a male Limoaina has recently been found
in an ant's nest with wings so short as to be practically function-
less. The larva3 of this genus are scavenger sj, and live in and on
any kind of refuse or decaying organic matter. Elacliyptera hreri-
pennis is another Dipteron in which the wings are greatly reduced
in both sexes and c[uite unfitted for iiight. Its life history is not
known, but I have only met with it by sweeping the dense beds of
Carex paludosa. These beds never change from year to year, and
many of them inust be able to boast of an antiquity reaching back
into a dim past. In conditions like these the stay-at-home instinct
has full scope for acting, and has been, I would suggest, the primary
cause in producing the degeneration of the wings in the male and
female alike.

But to return to the apterous Greometer. The starting point in
her case I believe to be this stay-at-home instinct and an utter
indisposition to use her wings under any circumstances. Nor would
this be in any way prejudicial to the welfai'e of her family. These
insects are all of them tree-feeders. And trees live to a great age, so
that one of them would afford a home almost as permanent as the ants'
nest is for the Pliorid, and at the same time provide a supply of food
as abundant and as ready to hand as that supplied to the Dipteron
Probably in those early days before the wings had begun to degenerate,
and the difficulties of finding shelter were great, the species were rare
instead of being as at present the bane of the horticulturist. In the
same way I would attribute the loss of wings in the Psychids and other
Lejndoptera to a great and natural indisposition to fly, which in their
case as in the G-eometers would not be counterbalanced but rather en-
hanced by the food conditions.

My argument then is, that the wingless condition, wherever it
shows itself, is owing to an overpowering dislike on the part of the
insect to use its wings, no matter what may be the provocation.

Tarrington, Ledbury :

February 1st, 1913.

62

[March,

ON AN OVEELOOKED NEW SPECIES OF HALICTUS IN BEITAIN.
BY R. C. L. PEllKIXS, D.Sc, M.A., F.Z.S.

As lono- ago as 1886 I was aware of the fact that we had two forms
standing- under the name of R. qnadrinotatns, Kh'by, these fonns differ-
ing slightly in superficial characters. Both were sent at that time to
Edward Saunders, but he did not attribute any importance to the
characters exhibited. Recently, on my return to England, I again
observed both forms in company at Dawlish, and felt satisfied that we
had to deal with two distinct species, and the examination of the male
genitalia proves this opinion to have been correct.

In general appearance and structure the two species are practically
identical so far as I can see, excepting that in the one the nervure bor-
dering the stigma beneath is conspicuously dark, in the other pallid
and nearly concolorous with the stigma itself. Kirby's few type
specimens contain both forms under the same number, and his
description would practically apply to either, but on account of the
slightly more pallid neuration of the form with the ])ale stigmatic vein
I am inclined to take this as quadrinotatus, Kirby. His remark on the
neuration is : " nervis costali interiorl nigro excepto testaceis." For the
form with the lower margin of the stigma dark- I should propose the
name H. decipiens.

H. deci'piens, sp. nov.
Stigma in both sexes with dark lower
margin.

(J with the lacinia of the genital
armature overliving by a dense
clothing of long hairs.

'^ with the apical margin of the first
abdominal segment generally less
densely and evenly pvmctured.

H. quadrinotatns, Kirby.
Stigma in both sexes concolorous or
nearly so throughout.

(J Avith the lacinia of the genital
armatiu'e with a fringe, and not
concealed beneath long hairs, the
apical portion of the stipites glab-
rous.

? with the apical mai-gin of tlie first
abdominal segment very densely
pimctured, contrasting strongly
with the discal punctui-ation.

The figure of the genital armature in Saunders' " Synopsis " was,
no doubt, taken from the species here considered as true H. 4-notatus,
Kirby. Apart from their length and density, the hairs of the armature
of H. decqnens under high powers of the microscope are of remarkable
structure. In tig. 1 the magnification used was not sutiicient to show
the minute structure of the hairs. Owing to the strong curvature
downwards of the apical portion of the armature the appearance of the

1913.] 63

parts changes considerably in slightly different aspects, and with the
magnification used it was not possible for all the hairy covering in
H. decijnens to be in focus at the same time. In fig. 1 (H. decipiens)
and in fig. 2 {H. 4-notattis) the lacinia and apex of the left stipes are
shown in similar dorsal position. In order to see the lacinia of
H. deciiiiens clearly lieneath the dense hairs the armature was mounted
in balsam.

/. Z.

Both these species are widely distributed in England and perhaps
equally common. Mr. A. H. Hamm has, I think, found them ec^ually
common at Oxford, and they occur together in Devonshire and in
Norfolk and Suffolk. Mr. Hamm extracted the genital armature in
many Oxford specimens, and as might have been expected the distinctive
characters show no variation, and are quite the same as in my examples
from Dawlish.

Park Hill House, Paignton :
January 28th, 1913.

A71 introduced West African Longicorn, Cordylomera suturalis, Chevr. —
Mr. G. E. I'risby, of Grravesend, recently brought me for identification a
specimen of this handsome species, foimd by a cabinet-maker in a piece of
so-called mahogany on which he was working. Cordxjlomera suturalis is a
narrow, elongate, black insect, with the sviture of the elytra of a rich pui-ple
colour and the rest of their surface brilliant metallic green. Mr. Gahan
informs me that this is not the first time he has seen an introduced example
of this West African Longicorn, of which there is a good series in the British
Musemn.— G. C. Champion, Hors3ll, Woking: Fcbriiary 13t}i, 1913.

Apterous or semi-apterous females of certain Lepidoptera. — Neither Mr.
Hudson nor Dr. Chapman, in their interesting papers on this subject (Ent. Mo.
Mag., November and December, 1912, and January, 1913) apjjear to have any
suspicion that the method of distribution of these insects is largely by con-
veyance of the females by the males when paired. But that siich is the case I
have for very many years had little doubt. When one finds isolated bushes in
the middle of a common, fifty or a hundred or more yards away from the nearest
tree in the bordering wood (I have several such spots iu my mind as I write).

64 [March,

which I think in my experience are at the end of May and beginning of June,
as full, or even more full of larva- of the Hyhernias, Cheimatolias, &g., as any
of the trees in the wood, it seems impossible that they could have got there in
any other way. It certainly could not have been done by scent, as larvae from
tlie trees in the wood wovild not pupate many yards from where they had fed,
and if there were any scent at all for the moth on emergence, it would clearly
be much stronger from the many near trees than from the isolated biish in the
distance. I admit that I have no remembrance of ever having captured on the
wing a male carrying an apterous or semi-apterous female, but it is compara-
tively rarely that the Hylernidx and allied moths are captured on the wing at
all at night, it being so much easier to collect them with the aid of a lamp as
they sit on the trees and bushes after dark. But we have all seen Pieridse
flying paired for long distances, and the smaller butterflies on shorter flights
among their food-plants. I think, too, that I have often seen day-flying
Geometers, such as Fidonia atomaria, flying in the same way ; and to net
Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera paired are common occur-
rences. On such flights evidently the wings of only one of the specimens ai'e
used, and granting that they may usually be those of the female, there is no
reason to suppose that in cases where the females are apterous the males would
not use their wings with eqiial facility. The only British species of apterous
females I remember which would probably be too heavy for their males to
carry are the Orgyias, and they, along with the species of Psyche, we know do
not even leave their cocoons to deposit their eggs; but the males of all the
species of Hyhernia, Anisopteryx, Cheimatobia, Phigalia, Nyssia, Leninatophila,
Exapate, Dhirnea, Sec, with their ample wings, would have no difficulty when
paired in carrying their females for considerable distances, and leaving them
on young or new trees on fresh ground.^GEO. T. Porkitt, Elm Lea, Dalton,
Huddersfleld : February 5th, 1913.

A note on the emergence of Phlceodes crenana, Hb. — As this species seems to
be rare everywhere in the United Kingdom it may be worth while to record the
breeding of two specimens on Avxgust 20th and 23rd, 1912, from larvae collected
in June on sallow near Elterwater, Westmorland. Barrett ("Lep. British
Islands," vol. XI, p. 100) gives March and April as dates, and says that " abroad
there are said to be later emei-gences in July, August, and September." As last
season was certainly not a fine or warm one, I think it probable the insect is also
regularly double-brooded in England. I may add the specimens were submitted
to Mr. A. C. Vine for identification. — Jas. W. Corder, 1, Ashbrook Terrace,
Sunderland: January 21st, 1913.

Wasp attaclcing Peacock butterfly. — With reference to Mr. Croft's note on
p. 13 (not p. Ill as in Index) of last year's volume of this Magazine, it may be
worth recording that on October 13th I saw a specimen of Vanessa io flopping
about helplessly on the lawn. Thinking it might have been seized by a spider
I hastened to catch it. As I did so a wasp detached itself and flew away. The
butterfly also flow away apparently uninjui-ed. — F. Jenkinson, Cambridge .-
January I7th, 1913.

1913. J 65

Opomyza lineatopunctata, v. Ros., at Crowborough. — In previous years I have
taken a few odd specimens of this neat little insect, but I conld never discover
how to get more. Last summer I was more successful. On seven evenings
between Jiily 20th and Augiist 9th I secured fifty specimens. All were taken
after 7 o'clock by sweeping among a grass which Mr. C. E. Moss, Ciu-ator of the
Herbariimi at Cambridge, determined from a poor specimen as Molinia cserulea
(probably) var. major. Pipunculus maculatus occurred at the same time, and a
few specimens of Scellus notatus. There is no reason to suppose that they might
not have been caught even later than 7.4.5, bvit it then became too dark to see
them. Their appearance and movements in the net are very jiecviliar. They
crawl up very deliberately after most other insects have run or flown away. In
this respect they are qiiite unlike 0. germinationis and 0. floruni, whic'i are at
least moderately active. The outline, when the wings are folded, is very narrow,
and there is a certain darkening about the thorax and the tips of the wings,
which gives the insect (in the dim light) rather the appearance of an attenuated
dumb-bell. I should add that most of my specimens proved to be females ; so
that it would be advisable to look ovit for the insect somewhat earlier in the
season. — F. Jenkinson : January I7th, 1913.

Hasmatopota italica, Mg., in Cornwall. — As little is known regarding the
distribution of H. italica in the British Isles, its occurrence in Cornwall appears
worthy of notice, more particularly as these captures extend the range of the
species far to the westward of all previous records. Two female specimens
were taken in Sheviock Wood close down to the tidal waters of the River
Lynher, on September 4th and 9th, of this year ; the only other Hsematopota
met with this year near Sheviock was a single female of H. pluvialis caught on
September 13th, on the shoulder of a cart-horse drawing a load of road metal
along the road between Crafthole and St. Germans. — J. W. Yekburt, Army
and Navy Club, Pall Mall : February 13th, 1913.

" PsYLLiDARUM Catalogus," by Dr. G. AuLMANN : pp. 92. Berlin :
W. Junk. 1913.

Dr. Aulmann's Catalogue of the Psyllidse ( ^= Psyllina, Edwards, and
Chermidse, Kirkaldy), an obscure and little studied section of the Hemiptera-
Homoptera, will be welcomed by all Entomologists interested in the family.
The food-plants, &c., moreover, are given, as was done in Kirkaldy's Catalogue
of the Cimicinaj (1909), this information greatly increasing the value of such
lists. For the whole world 478 species of Psyllidse (137 of which belong to
Psylla and 120 to Trioza) are enumerated, under six sub-families, four of which
are represented in Britain. The known forms are nearly all from the Palsearctic
or Nearctic regions, and it is evident that a great deal remains to be done
amongst the tropical Psyllids. To jiidge from the long list of references under
some of the common European forms, such as Livia juncorum, Latr., there is an
extensive literature on some of thefn. Oshanin (1912) gives 250 species as
Palsearctic and Edwards (1896) 50 as British.

(U; [March,

"British Butterpliks," by A. M. Stewart (" Peeps at Nature" series).
With 16 plates, 8 coloured. London : Adam and Chiirlcs Black. 1912.

" How TO USE THE MICROSCOPE : A GuiDE FOR THE NoviCE." By the Rev.
Chas. A. Hall. With I'O plates. London : A. and C. Black. 1912.

Tlie outstanding feature of the first-named little book is the excellence of
the illustrations, especially when the low price at which it is issued is taken
into account. Practically every British butterfly (including the immigrant
Anosia archippus) is figured on seven plates by the three-colour process on a
slightly reduced scale direct from the insects themselves ; a life-like group of
the transformations of Vanessa urticm appears on the; cover, and a selected series
of undersides is shown in two half-tone plates. We have no hesitation in
saying that in point of clearness and brilliancy these coloured figures are the
best of the kind that we have seen, and species so difficult to deal with
adequately by this process as the " Blues" (in particular Agriades corydon), and
even that crucial test of colour-work Gonepteryx rhamni, are here presented with
life-like fidelity. The only figiux'sto which exception may be taken are those of
A'patura iris and Linienitis sihylla, in both of which the red block is rather too
much in evidence. The notes on each species are brief, but well and clearly
written, as are also tlie hints on the capture and preservation of butterflies and
their larvae ; while those on " home-made " apparatus will V)e found useful by
many. Altogether the book may be strongly recommended to the incipient
Lepidopterist as a very useful introduction to the knowledge of our native
butterflies.

The second work, though not so directly concerned Avith our science, is
equally well written and got up, and the excellent half-tone plates include
several well-known entomological objects for tlie microscope.

^oricti(fs.

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society: The Annual Meeting
of the Society was held at the Royal Institution, Colquit Street, Livei"pool, on
Monday, December 16th, 1913. — Dr. P. F. Tinne, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. Charles Percy Rimmer, Liverpool, was elected a Member of the Society.

Tlie following Members were elected Officers and Council of the Society
iov 1913 -.—President : F. N. Pierce, F.E.S. ; Vice- /'residents -. R. Wikiing,
Wm. Webster, Hugh Main, B.Sc, F.E.S. ; Treasurer : J. Cotton ; Librarian :
F. N. Pierce; Hon. Secretary: Wm. Mansbridge, F.E.S. ; Council : C. B. Williams,
R. T. Cassall, F.E.S., L. West, H. S. Leigh, F.E.S , A. E. Gibbs, F.L.S., F.E.S.,
A. W. Boyd, M.A., F.E.S., C. E. Stott, P. F. Tinne, M A.

The Vice-Presidential address by Mr. Claude Morley, F.E.S., entitled
" Ichneumons," was read, and a vote of thanks to the author was unanimously
carried. The following exhibits were made, viz. : — Mr. F. N. Pierce, Dionthoecia
luteago, D. barrettii, and D. argillacea ; Mr. Rimmer, a small collection of Macro-
and Micro-Lepidoptera, including Polyommatus plilxas var. schmidtii, a specimen
from Anglesey, and a spcH-imon f)f Amjjhipyra pyramidea from Carnarvon,—
Wm. Manshruxie, if oh. Secretary.

1913.] 67

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, Decemher 12th, 1912.— Mr. A. E. Tonge, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Ashdown exhibited a collection of over 100 species of attractive
Coleoptera obtained by him in Switzerland in June and Jnly, 1911 and 1912,
including Geramhyx cerdo, C. scopolii, Saperda scalaris, Trichius fasciatus, etc.
Mr. Tonge, very dark Noctua xanthographa from Deal at sugar, and a bred series
of Cirrhia citrago from Dorking. Mr. South, for Rev. W. Claxton, a series of
Tortrlv pronubana bred from Bournemoutli, among which was a specimen
identical with the amhustana of Hiibner, the only one of the form reared ;
and a form of Olethreiites ochroleucana from near Romford with the apical third
of fore-wing greyish, enclosing dusky cloud-like markings almost parallel with
the termen. Mr. Kaye, three Syntomid moths, Ornjnia calcarata from Caracas,
mimicking a wasp ; 0. tarsalis from British Guiana, mimicking a fossorial wasp ;
and Trichura cerberus g vvith long anal projection, mimicking a ? Ichneumon
with long ovipositor ; the resemblances were most pronounced. Mr. Grosvenor,
series of ^lelitsea aurinia from more than a dozen British localities to show the
geographical variation. Mr. Hy. J. Turner, a series of undersides of .-Irgynnis
adippe to show tlie variation obtainable on the continent, including ab. cleodoxa,
var. chlorodippe, var. clcodippe (the last two Spanish), ab. bajuvarica, ab. orna-
tissima, var. norwegic.a, etc. Mr. Newman, very varied forms of Agrotis cursoria
from Shetland. Mr. Main, larva? of Clythra quadripunctata in their cases of
excrement, taken by Mr. Donistliorpe from a nest of the ant Formica rufa. —
Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

Thursday, January 9th, 1913. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. F. H. Stallman, of Diilwich, was elected a Member.

Mr. R. Adkin exhibited three specimens of Papilio vnachaon reared from
Norfolk larvae, having the whole of the lunules on the oiiter margin of the hind
wings more or less strongly orange. Mr. Newman, a living ? Selenia bilunaria
bred out-of-doors on January 9th. ; the first of the brood emerged on Dec. 20th.
Mr. Rayward, the working of Mgeria andrenseformns in Vibiirniwi, and a similar
working in elder, wliich had all the characteristics of that of ^. andrenm-
forynis. Mr. Tonge, several species of butterflies from Redlands, California.
Mr. Gahan read a paper on " Mimicry in Coleoptera," and illustrated it with a
large number of particulai-ly mimetic species.

Thursday, January 2'Srd, 1913. — Annual Meeting. The President in
the Cliair.

Tlie Reports of the Council and Officers for the past year were read and
adopted, and the President read the Annual Address, in which after discussing
the affairs of the Society and reviewing the Entomological happenings for the
year, he summarised his own work in the study of the ova and early stages of
the Lepidoptera. The following is a list of the Officers and Council elected to
serve for the ensuing year: President: A. E. Tonge, F.E.S. ; Vice-Presidents:
W. J. Kaye, F.E.S and B. H. Smith, B.A., F E.S. ; Treasurer : T. W. Hall,
F.E.S. ; Librarian : A. W. Dods ; Curator .- W. West ; Hon. Secretaries : Stanley

F u

68 [Marcli,

Edwards, F.L.S. and H. J. Turner, F.E.S; Cou7icil : K. Adkin, P.E.S.,
C. W. Colthrup, T. W. Cowham, A. E. Gibbs, F.L.S., A. Russell, F.E.S.,
W. G. Sheldon, F.E.S., and A. Sich, F.E.S. Votes of thanks were passed to
the President and other Oflicers.

Special Meetinu. — It was unanimously agreed to appoint an Editor of
Proceedings as an additional Officer, and to increase the number of the Council
from seven to nine. The new rviles to take effect as from January 1st, 1913.

Ordinary Meeting. — Mr. Buckstone exhibited several short series of bred
Phragmotobia fuliginosa, representing second and third broods from Aberdeen,
first brood from Hoi'sley, and second brood fi'oni Wendover. Mr. Bacot, an
enlarged photograph of an Indian flea, reputed to be one of the carriers of
plague. Mr. Dunster, specimens of Dicycla oo, Mellinia orellaris, and Miselia
oxyacanthx from Winchmore Hill. — H. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London: Wednesday, Decemher ith, 1912. —
The Eev. F. D. Moricb, M.A., President, in the Chair.

Mr. C. A. Foster, Worcestershire Eegiment, Beechwood, Iflfley, Oxford, was
elected a Fellow of the Society.

The President announced the death of Mr. W. F. Kirby, formerly Honorary
Secretary of the Society.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited a diagram of the ootheca of a Mantis and read
notes upon it. Mr. W. J. Kaye, a number of butterflies with one moth
belonging to the principal Miillerian Association as found in Costa Rica. A
number of specimens, both set and unset, of the principal Miillerian group from
Caracas, Venezuela, were also shown, to exhibit the far closer resemblance of
the undersides than the uppersides. From Santos, S.E. Brazil, were shown the
principal members of the synaposematic group to call attention to a member of
the group that had not been previously mentioned. The species was Pericopis
isse, a Hypsid moth. Dr. G. B. Longstaff, a small box of Chrysids, and started
an interesting discussion on the means by which the metallic coloration was
produced. Mr. G. T. Porritt, a series of Platycleis roeselii taken by himself at
Trusthorpe, on the Lincolnshire coast, this year. Mr. W. A. Lamborn supple-
mented his previous account of two families of bred Leuceronia argia by
referring to a short series of females taken at Oni between April 1st, 1910, and
January 2i)th, 1911, a period including a whole wet season and a part of two
dry seasons. Mr. J. A. Simes, a short sei-ies of P. apollo from the Government
of Viatka, with a series from the Alps of Dauphiny and Switzerland for com-
parison. Prof. Poulton said that at his desire. Miss Fountaine had kindly
prepared an account of the extremely interesting family of Papilio dardanus,
reared by her in 1909 — the only Natal family at present known in which cenea
is other than the most numerous of all the forms. Prof. Poulton exhibited a
(? specimen of Planema arenaria, taken by Dr. G. D. H. Carpenter on Bugalla,
one of the Sesse Islands. PI. arenaria had been shown by Dr. Karl Jordan to be
a pale eastern geographical race of the fulvous PI. consanguinea of the tropical

1913.] 69

west coast. Prof. Poiilton also exhibited thirty-seven examples of C phlseas,
captured on the same bank at Cerne Abbas, Dorset, in the hot August of 1911
and in the cold August of 1912, by Dr. E. C. L. Perkins. Eight out of the
fourteen males captured in 1911 were much darker than any of the eight males
captured in 1912. The copper tint of the eight 1912 females was more brilliantly
lustrous than in the seven 1911 females. Mr. T. H. Ii. Grosvenor, a series of
Polyommatus icarus females, principally from various localities on the Nox'th
Downs, arranged according to the year and emergence to which they belonged.
The Eev. G. Wheeler, on behalf of Mr. E. M. Prideaux, some aberrational forms
of Bumicia phlseas, and three 9 " Blues," consisting of one very dark specimen
of Agriades corydon and two of A. thetis, one being of the ab. u,rania, Gerh., and
the other having the forewings dark and the hindwings symmetrically of a
pale fawn colour ; also the specimens of Agriades thetis ab. urania, Gerh., to
which he had referred at a former meeting. All were taken between Gomshall
and Dorking, and were first-brood specimens of this year. Also a series of blvie
9 9 , most of them entirely blue, taken this spring at Notgrove in the Cotswolds,
and for comparison the bluest 9 he had taken thei-e previously, in which the
blue scaling was less than the least blue of this spring's captures. Dr. F. A.
Dixey, specimens of Teracolus ephyia, Klug, and some allied forms, together
with drawings of their respective scent-scales. The following papers were read :
" On some new and little-known Bornean Lycsenidae, with a revision of the
Thecline genus Thamala, Moore." By J. C. Morilton, F.L.S., Curator of the
Sarawak Museum. " Descriptions of Sovith American Micro-Lepidoptera." By
E. Meyrick, B.A., F.E.S. " Synoptic Table of the British species of Aleuonota
and Atheta,T\i." By Malcolm Cameron, M.B., E.N. "Comparative Notes on
Chilades galba, Lea, and C. phiala, Gr.-Gr." By G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S.,
F.Z.S. " Notes on the Specific Distinction of certain species in the orbitulus
and 2>heretiades section of the Genus Pleheius." By G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S.,
F.Z.S. Mr. Bethune-Baker exhibited the species referred to in the latter paper,
and mentioned the conclusions to which he had come as to their specific value
or otherwise.

Wednesday, January 15th, 1913. — Annual Meeting. The President in
the Chair.

Mr. J. E. Collin, one of the Auditors, read the Treasurer's Balance Sheet
for 1912, showing a balance of ^816 18s. 9d. On the proposal of the Eev. F. E.
Lowe, seconded by Mr. H. Main, it was unanimously adopted.

The Eev. George Wheeler, one of the Secretaries, then read the Eeport of
the Council. Mr. A. Bacot proposed that the Council's Eeport be adopted.
This was seconded by Dr. T. A. Chapman, and carried unanimously.

The President then said that he would put the Council's nominees for
Officers and Council for the ensuing session to the meeting, and asked for a
show of hands. They were then declared elected unanimously.

The President, the Eev. F. D. Morice, then delivered an Address, at the
close of which Mr. C. J. Gahan proposed a vote of thanks to him for his

70 [March,

services ns President and for liis Address, at the same time askinpf for its
publication as a part of the Proceedin-i^s of the Society. This was seconded by
Mr. C. Fenn and carried unanimously.

The President havine: replied with a few words of thanks, Mr. G. Meade-
Waldo proposed, and Prof. Selwyn Tmaire seconded, a vote of thanks to the
Officers of the Society for their work durin<? the past year, which was also
carried unanimously.

The Treasurer and both the Secretaries returned thanks ; the former
referring to the generosity with which Dr. Chapman had for years contributed
towards the expense of the plates published in the Transactions.

A CONTEIBUTION TO A KNOWLEDGE OF THE BRITISH
NOTIOPHILI.

liY JAMES EDWARDS, F.E.S.

The most convenient index -characters which I have been able to
find ioY the PJiitisli species ol" Notiojihihi.^ are contained in tlie following
table : —

1 (1-). Second interstice distinctly narrower than llie next three tug'etlior.

2 (9). Tibiffi black.

3 (6). Elytra with one umbilicate piuicture near the apex, in a line with

the third and fourth stria; and adjoining the raised part of the
eighth interstice on its inner side.

■i (5). Ely tr;)l striaj more strongly punctured. Upper-side usually bronze;
pale markings at the apex of the elytra very obscure, visible only
by transmitted light ; pronotiuu transverse, considerably narrowed
behind, the hinder half of the sides nearly equalling the front
half in curvature ; male with the front tarsi sub-terete, but little
compressed above, and the last joint of the labial palpi (in the
widest aspect) narrow elliptic, obliquely truncate, about four times
as long as its distal edge aquaticus, Linn.

o (-1). Elytral striae more finely punctured. Upper-side (in the type speci-
men) blackish-bronze; elytx'a with a conspicuous oblong red-yellow
patch on tlie outer side of the front half of the apical slope,
bounded outwardly by the eighth interstice and continued as a
stripe to the apex ; pronotum sub-quadi'atc, but little narrowed
behind, the sides in their hinder lialf nearly straight ; fi'ont tarsi
in the male compressed above, sub-carinate. Length ol mm.

blacki (Sharp M.S.)

6 (3). Elytra with two umbilicate punctui-es near the apex in a line with
the third and fourth strise, one next the inner edge of the raised
part of the eighth interstice, and the other in a slight but evident
depression about half-way down the apical slope.

IMS.] 7]

7 (8). Upper-sido usually brouze-black ; elytra with an obscure suffused

oval yt'llow-brown patch on the outer side of the front half of the
apical slope, bounded outwardly by the eighth interstice and con-
tinued as a broad piceous stripe to the apex ; the striae fine and
feeble, the second failing- at or before the commencement of the
apical slope, the third and fourth barely reaching the foremost
umbilicate pvincture ; frontal keels uneqvial and not straight, the
outer ones usually furcate at one or both ends. Lengtli 4'5 mm.

strigifrons, Baudi.

8 (7). Upper-side bronze; pale markings at the apex of elytra very obscure,

only visible liy transmitted light, strise moderate, the second con-
tinued well over the apical slope, sometimes nearly to the apex,
the third and fourth usually reaching the foremost umbilicate
puncture ; frontal keels equal and straight, furcation of the
outer ones exceptional ; male with the last joint of the labial palpi
(in the widest aspect) obliquely truncate, less than three times as
long as its distal edge, the lower side straight, the upper edge
ciirved and much longer than the lower ; and the first joint of the
middle tarsi well clothed with special hairs. Length 5 mm.

imsillus, Wat.

9 (2). Tibiae red-yellow, becoming dusky towards the base and apex.

10 (11). Elytral strise coarse, very evidently evanescent towards the apex, the

outer interstices smooth ; middle lobe of the sedeagus a little con-
stricted jvist below the apex, the latter (when the organ is viewed
with its convex svirface uppermost) with a distinct notch a little
to the right of the middle, the right-hand angle rounded off, the
the left-hand angle prodiiced into a blunt recurved point, the con-
vex surface uneven and coarsely longitudinally rugose ; male with
the last joint of the labial palpi (in the widest aspect) distinctly
narrowed towards the apex, about three times as long as its oblique
distal edge palust ris, Duf t.

11 (10). Elytral striw finer, only slightly evanescent towards the apex, the

outer interstices finely shagreened ; middle lobe of the ffideagus
a little contracted just below the apex, the latter (when the organ
is viewed with its convex surface uppermost) evenly curved, the
right-hand angle with two or three small sharp recurved teeth,
the left-hand angle produced into a blunt recurved point, the
convex surface comparatively smooth ; male with the last joint of
the labial palpi (in the widest aspect) not narrowed towards the
apex, about two-and-a-half times as long as its oblique distal
edge hypocrita, Spaeth.

12 (1). Second interstice at least as wide as the next three together.

13 (18). Elytra pale at the apex.

14 (17). Fourth interstice, near its half-length, twice as wide as the fifth.

72 [March, 1013.

15 (16). Striae coarse, the first interstice smooth, the fourth with two iimbili-

cate punctures before the apical third 4-p%inctatus, Dej.

16 (15). Stride fine, the first interstice finely shagreened, the fourth with only

one umbilicate puncture before the apical third.

suhstriatus, Wat.

17 (14). Fourth interstice, near its luilf-length, sub-equal in width to the

fifth ; striae coarse, the oviter interstices very narrow, very finely
shagreened near the base only hiyuttatus. Fab.

18 (13). Elytra unicolorous; tibiae entirely red-yellow, femora somewhat

darker rufipes. Curt.

N. aqiudlcns, Linn., is the comniouest of the black-legged group,
and calls for uo special remark.

JV. blacki (Shai-p, M.S.) is the "peculiar form of Notiophilns''
referred to by Mr. Black (Ent. Mo. Mag., XLVIII, p. 185). The
specimen in question was labelled by Reitter, "higeminus, Th. (longi-
pennis, Chd. )=^2msiUns, var." ; but this is evidently an error, because
the insect has one and not two umbilicate punctures near the apex of
the elytra. The pale marking on the elytra, which forms so con-
spicuous a feature of Mr. Black's specimen, appears to be a character
common to all our black-legged species, though in many cases it
cannot be distinctly seen unless the elytron is raised. Three examples
only of N. blacJci have hitherto been recorded, two from Peebles and
one from Sutherlandshire. It is doubtful whether this is to be
regarded as a distinct species, or as a mountain form of aqiiaticus ;
but the point may, perhaps, be certainly determined when male speci-
mens are available for dissection.

N. striglfroH!^, Baudi. This is what has been known as the
Scottish mountain form of aquatic us; it is recorded from Braemar
and Aviemore, and I have seen it from Pitlochry, ex coll. Joy, and
from Newtowiimore, ex coll. Black. The application of the name
dnyifrons to our insect is not unimpeachable. In the original
description the author, comparing strigifrons with aquaticus, says
" elytra ejusdem structurae" ; but on the other hand we learn from
Mr. Champion's note (Ent. Mo. Mag., XLV, p. 12) that a specimen
of what Capt. Deville regards as Baudi's species resembles our
Scottish insect in having two umbilicate punctures near the apex of
the elytra, and only differs in having the striae more distinct pos-
teriorly. Inasmuch as I see no reason to believe that in the offspring
of any pair of pnsillus some will resemble their parents and the re-
mainder atrigifroHs, I do not treat the latter as a form of pusillus. The

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CONTENTS. PA.4B

A list of butterflies collected cluriug the last ten years in British East Africa

(continued). — Rev. K. St. Auhyn Bogers, FE.S 49

Bradycellus distinctus, Dej., in England. — D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S 54

Larvae of Cyphonid£B (Coleopt.) in Bromeliacese. — Frederick Knab 54

Coleoptera in Orchids. — Q. C. Champion, F.Z.S 55

Three new species of Atheta. — Norman S. Joi/, 3I.R.C.S., F.E.S 57

The Wingless Geometer.— JoAw H. Wood. M.B 59

On an overlooked new species of Halictus in Britain. — R. C. L. Perkins, D.Sc,

M.A., F.Z.S 62

An introduced West African Longicorn, Cordylomera suturalis, Chevr. — G. C.

Champion, F.Z.S 63

Apterous or semi-apterous females of certain Lepidoptera. — G. T. Porritt,

F.L.S 63

A note on the emergence of Phlceodes crenana, Hb. — J. W. Corder 64

Wasp attacking Peacock butterfly. — F. Jenkinson, F.Z.S 64

Opomyza lineatopunctata, V. Ros., at Crowborough. — Id 65

Hsematopota italica, Mg., in Cornwall. — Col, J. W. Yerhury, R..i., F.Z.S 65

Reviews. — " Psyllidarum Catalogus," by Dr. Gr. Aulmann 65

" British Butterflies," by A. M. Stewart 66

" How to use the Microscope ; a guide for the Novice," by the Rev.

Chas. A. Hall 66

Societies — Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 66

South London Entomological Society 67

Entomological Society of London 68

A contribution to a knowledge of the British Notiophili. — James Edwards,

F.E.S 70

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City of London Entomological and Natural History Society, London
Instittition, Finsbury Circus, London, E.G. — The First and Third Tuesdays in
the month at 7.30 p.m., except in July and August. April 1st: Notes on Dragon-
flies, Mr. H. M. Edblstbn, F.E.S. April loth: Exhibition and Discussion,
Biipalus piniaria; opened by Dr. E. A. Cockayne, M. A., F.E.S. May 6th: Notes on
Thera variata and T. oheliscata, Mr. L. B. Prout, F.E.S. Visitors are cordially
invited to attend with exhibits. — V. Eric Shaw, Hon. Sec.

Authors are requested to send their communications to either

J. J. Walker, Aorangi, Lonsdale Eoad, Summertown, Oxford ; or
G. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking.
Those relating to Diptera, to

J. E. Collin, Sussex Lodge, Newmarket,

April, 1913.] 73

few specimens wlucli I have seen are bronze-black in colour, but
Mr. Champion writes me that he has a clear bronzy specimen.

N. lyusillus, Wat. Notwithstanding that the locality of the
single specimen on which G. E. Waterhouse based his description
(Ent. Mag-., I, p. 207, Jan. 1838) is unknown and the insect
itself cannot now be found, the fact remains that we have in this
country an insect which satisfies the salient points of his definition.
Such a thing appears to have been long laiown on the continent. I
took two specimens at Arminghall near Norwich on May 7th, 1876,
and another at Weybourne, Norfolk, on August 26th, ly09. I have
also seen one, ex coll. Joy, from Dalwhinnie. If Thomson's descrip-
tion of his N. higeminus is to be strictly interpreted, his insect can
scarcely be the same as our pus'dlm, because he says of higeminus:
" metatarso intermediorum neque dilatato neque subtus spongioso."
From the form of N. palustris with entirely dark tibiae, this species is
easily distinguished by its more straight -sided and comparatively
longer elytra, as well as by the different shape of the last joint of the
labial palpi in the male.

N. palustrin, Duft. In the series standing under this name in
most British collections there will probably be found some specimens
with the elytral striae finer and longer than the others, and really
belonging to the next species. Messrs. Johnson and Halbert (Proc.
Roy. Irish Acad. XXXI, Clare Island Survey, Part 28, 1912), record
a form of JV^. ■palustris with dark tibiae from Achill Island. I have
seen this specimen, which, except for its generally darker colour and
entirely piceous tibiai, is quite normal palustris.

N. hypocrita, Spaeth. In the Cat. Col. Eur. this species is
credited to Putzeys who, indeed, used that name, but his description
contains no mention of the points which were subsequently regarded
by Spaeth (Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XLIX, pp. 513-517) as
diagnostic of the species. N. hypocrita has been recorded from Brad-
field, Wellington College, Lundy Island, Garvie, Eoss, Braemar,
Woking, Sheppey, and Hay ling Island. I have seen it in coll,
Thouless from Devonshire and Lowestoft, and have taken it myself at
Colesborne. In a specimen sent to Dr. Joy by Capt. Deville, the striae
are considerably finer than in any of my specimens, and almost as
evanescent towards the apex as in pahistris. By the kindness of Mr. Hal-
bert I have been able to examine some Irish specimens of this species
which merit special mention. Four are from the summit of SlieveDonard
(2790 feet), one from Salt Lake Mountain, Donegal (about 1500 feet),

74 t^^p"''

and one from Achill Island ; they differ from the prevalent form of
hi/j)ocrita in being a little smaller, more parallel- sided, and more
convex in appearance ; the hinder angles of the pronotiim are more
pronovmced, the stria? on the basal third of the elytra are more coarsely
punctured with narrower and more convex interstices, and tlie
shagreening- of the outer interstices is much less evident. If it be
desired to distinguish this form by name, that of ab. hihermcus wovdd
be appropriate. I have seen typical hi/pocrif(( from Croagh Patrick,
and Mr. Halbert mentions one in the Haliday collection from the top
of Carrantuohull, Co. Kerry.

N. 4-2mnctatus, Dej. The real ^-jmnctatus, as I understand it
from foreign descriptions, and find it exemplified in specimens taken
at Shirley, Surrey, by Mr. W. West, is not hlguttatus with an extra
vmil)ilicate puncture on the foiu-th interstice of one or both elytra ;
but a distinct species, more nearly related to suhsfriatus than to any
other of our species. The fourth interstice is flat or even a little
concave, about twice as wide as either the third or fifth, and its
surface-sculpture is as evident as it is in substriahis ; in biguttatus the
fourth interstice is convex, not evidently wider than those on either
side of it, the shagreening is extremely fine and usually confined to the
basal half ; and this whether there be two or three umbilicate punc-
tures on the disk of the elytra : I have never seen a sj)ecimen with four.

N. substriahis, Wat. This very distinct species is common in
Norfolk. I found it particularly abundant in flood-refuse there
recently ; liut I have not taken it in Grioucestershire nor am I
acquainted with any record of its occurrence in that county.

N. biguttcdns, Fab. Specimens having one or more super-
numerary umbilicate punctures on the disk of the elytra occur some-
what rarely, and to this fact is probably due the assumption that
4<-punctatns and higidtatus are conspecific. A specimen from Lydford
in coll. de la Grarde has the outer interstices shagreened quite to the
apex. As a rule the pale apex to the elytra is very distinct, but I have
ont; female taken at Colesborne with a considerable number of the
normal form, in which the pale colour is only jiist perceptible on the
outer side of the conunenceiuent of the apical slope, a circumstance
which gives the insect a very distinct facies. This form I call ab.
inoni dus ; similar specimens from the Gresausealpen, Steiormai'k, are
m "utioned by Spaeth (t.c. p. 523).

N. rufi'pes, Curt. This species is easily recognised by its pale
legs (the anterior and intermediate femora are rufo-piceous, becoming

1913.]

75

paler at the apex) and the concolourous, strongly alutaceous apex of
the elytra. It is usually regarded as rare in this country, but at
Colesborne it is common in woods and hedge-bottoms.

1. N. aquaticus S . last joint of labial palpus.

2. N. ptisillus, (? , „ „ „ „ „

3. N. palustris, $ , „ „ „ „ „

4. „ „ $ , middle lobe of sedeagus.

5. N. hypocrita S , „ ,, „ „

6. „ „ c? . last joint of labial palpvis.

Colesborne, Cheltenham :
December 31sf, 1912.

DESCEIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF HALIPLUS.
BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

Haliplus beownei, sp. nov.

Breviter ovalis, testaceus, elytris lineis nigris tennibus ante mediiun
postque medium subinterruptis. Long. 2f mm.

Mas, Tarsis intermediis bene dilatatis, articulo basali ad apicem abrupte

crassiore.

Fem., Minus nitida, tarsis haud dilatatis.

This species is extremely similar in coloration to H. fiuviatilis,
but it is of shorter iovva—fluviatilis being fully 3 mm. long — and is
readily distinguished by this character and by the peculiar middle
feet of the male.

The latter character brings the species nearer to H. nomax,
Browne ; in which, however, the form is narrower, the elytra con-
sequently straighter at the sides, and the black lines are entire and
very strongly marked, and the profile of the male middle tarsus is a
little broader, and the bending of the apical portion of its basal joint
slightly less abrupt. In September, 1868, I met with this species at
Stony Stratford in the River Ouse. It was found in company with
H. fluviatilis, both species being plentiful. The two have since then
been mixed in my collection.

70 [April,

I have niiicli pleasure in namiut^ the species in lionour of my
friend Mr. Frank Balfovir-Browne, who has recently discovered
H. nomax. The genus HaJiphia is a very difficult one. In addition to
the species registered by Mr. Edwards (Ent. Mo. Mag., January, 1911)
we have also, I believe, H. muUimaculatus, Wehncke, in this country.
It is only like H. heydeni, but is remarkably rotinid and very acumi-
nate behind ; it is considerably larger than heydeni, and has the inner
two or three series of punctures remarkaV)ly large. At present I have
seen only a single specimen, a female found liere last spring.

Brockenhurst :

March loth, 1913.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF QUEDIUS FROM THE
NEW FOREST, HANTS.

BY NORMAN H. JOY, M.R.C.S., F.E.S.

On August 16th last year I spent a few hours at Brockenhurst
collecting with Dr. Sharp, and captured a Quedius, coloured much like
Q. cruentus, 01., in an old owl's nest. On setting it I thought it
looked strange to me, so I expressed the sedeagus, but did not
again examine the specimen until a short time ago. I then noticed
that it differed from Q. cruentus in several particulars, and that
the sedeagus was quite characteristic. Dr. Sharp informs me that
he has known of this form as distinct from Q. craentug for nearly
30 years. He however wished me to describe it if I proved it to be
distinct from the allies of Q. cruentus. This I have satisfactorily
done and propose to call it

Q. suBAPiCALis, sp. nov.

M\ich rosembles Q. cruentus, but smaller and narrower ; the elytra arc very
diffusely punctured, distinctly moi'e so than in Q. cruentus. The hind margins
of the 5th and 6th (fi-ee) segments of the hind body are only narrowly yellow,
whereas in Q. cruentus the hind margins of the 3rd and 4th segments are
narrowly, the 5th broadly, yellow, the 6th being almost entirely so, except
occasionally in var. virens, Rottbg. The accessory lobe of the ajdeagus is dilated
towards the apex, in Q. cruentus it is parallel-sided throixghout.

Di". Sharp tells me he has taken the species very rarely at Brocken-
hurst, close to where I took my specimen.

The tedeagns differs from that of any of the species of the group
with black elytra. The Continental authorities have very much con-
fused this group by regarding certain species with black elytra as

1913.] ^7

varieties of nearly allied forms ^vitli red elytra, and in fact it was his
knowledge of the existence of this confusion that prevented Dr. Sharp
from describing the species he has so long been acquainted with. As
would be expected from their different habitats, in most cases dissection
of the iBdeagus in all these forms proves them to be distinct.

Bradfield :

January 3rd, 1913.

TWO NEW BRITISH SPECIES OP ATHETA.
BY NORMAN H. JOY, M.R.C.S., F.E.S.

Atheta magniceps, J. Sahib.

Siibparallel, very finely piuictured ; head black, thorax pitchy brown,
elytra brown or yellowish brown^ hind body black with apex yellowish, antennae
fuscons with base yellow, legs yellow ; head large, nearly as broad as thorax ;
antennae slightly thickened towards apex, 4th and 5th joints subqiiadi-ate,
penultimate joints moderately transverse ; thorax slightly narrower than elytra,
moderately transverse, distinctly contracted behind ; elytra together quadrate
or slightly transverse ; hind body with basal segments closely and apical
segments very diffusely punctured ; S with under plate of 6th free segment of
hind liody roiuided and scarcely projecting beyond the upper plate ; 9 with
the under plate liluntly angled in the centre, and with the hind margin set
with fine hairs. Length, 2'2 — 2"5 mm.

I took several specimens of this insect in flood rubbish from the
Eiver Truim at Dalwhinnie, Inverness-shire, in October, 1909, and
again in 1910, and for long regarded it as an undescribed form.
Herr Sahlberg has, however, identified the species for me and sent
me one of his specimens for comparison. He reports that it is a rare
insect in Finland. Although the 6th free segment of the hind body
in both sexes resembles these parts in A. melmiocera and its close
allies, A. magniceps could hardly be mistaken for any of these, the
head being much larger, and the ^ genitalia are entirely different.
In general appearance it is much like A. dehilis, but is on the average
smaller ; the antennae are darker in colour, the penultimate joints are
less strongly transverse, and joints 4-10 are of a different shape. In
A. dehilis these joints have the cone-shaped portion at the apex
exceptionally large* (Fig. 1). In A. magniceps the joints are normal
in shape (Fig. 2). A. dehilis has the under plate of the 6th free
segment of the hind body in the (^ very broad and projecting some

* This form of antenual joint occurs in A. di/ormis, A fumjicora, and its allies, and some other
species of the genus.

78 CApril,

distance beyond the upper plate, and in the ? the margin of the under
plate is fringed with a close set row of short bristles of equal length.

2

Fig. 1. — Antenna of Atheta dehilis.
Fig. 2. — Antenna of Atheta magniceps.

Atheta terminalis, GTrav.
Eelated to A. elongatida and its allies, but differing from them all in
having the last joint of the antennae larger and longer, being twice as long as
the tenth, and the antenna? are more thickened towards the apex, the penulti-
mate joints being distinctly transverse. The thorax is often reddish brown,
the elytra reddish yellow, and the antennae pitchy red with the base yellow.
It resembles A. gyllenhali in having the elytra together about as long as broad,
but it is smaller, and the elytra are more strongly punctui'ed. The last ventral
segment of the hind body in the c? does not project as much as in A. elongatida.
Length, 2'5 — 3'2 mm.

One specimen in Mr. Champion's collection from Gosport, Hants.
A. tricolor, Steph. is given as a synonym of this species in the last
European catalogue, but it seems more than doubtful that this
is correct.

Bradiield, Berks :

January, 1913.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ATHETA {MICRODOTA).
BY MALCOLM CAMERON, M.B., R.N., F. E.S.

Atheta (Microdota) doderoi, n. sp.

Black, shining ; head, thorax and elytra distinctly shagreened, distinctly
but superficially and sjjaringly punctured. Elytra transverse, not longer than
the thorax. Antennaj and legs testaceous. Length, 1-6 — 1-8 mm.

Very closely allied to A. segra, from which it is distinguished by its shorter
elytra, which do not exceed the thorax in length, tlie more distinct shagreening
and pvmcturation of the fore parts, wliich are less shining, tlie black colour, and
the c? characters.

Head broad, a little narrower than thorax, distinctly shagreened, pimctu-
ration rather large, superficial and sparing ; pubescence sliglit. Palpi yellow.

1913.] 79

AnteniiEe testaceous, 1st aucl 2nd joints of equal length, 3rd distinctly shorter
than 2nd, 4th transverse in ? , as long as broad in S , 5th to 10th transverse,
gradually increasing in breadth, 11th aboiit as long as the two preceding
together. Thorax transverse, about a third broader than long, as broad in
front as behind, the sides slightly and evenly rounded, furnished with two or
three fine setae ; disc sonietiraes with a tine channel ; punctnration superficial
and scattered, distinctly shagreened, sparingly pubescent. Elytra transverse,
a little broader than the thorax, and of the same length, not sinuated at the
jjostero-external angles, puncturation superficial and scattered, distinctly
shagreened, slightly ptibescent. Abdomen black, shining, very sparingly and
finely punctured and pubescent. Middle and posterior tibiae without setae.

(^ 6th ventral plate considerably produced, not narrowed, truncate at
extremity with angles rounded, and with about a dozen moderately long and
fine setae at the margin. ? 6th ventral plate scarcely pi'oduced, gently rounded
and distinctly emarginate in middle of posterior margin, and furnished with
rather short setae.

I have taken this species at Alge9iras and (xibraltar under
stones with ants, and have seen others from Sardinia belonging to
M. Agostino Dodero.

H. M. S. " Formidable,"
Chatham :

February 12th, 1913.

THE WINGLESS GEOMETER.
BY GEO. T. PORRITT, F.L.S.

I fear I cannot endorse the conclusion of Dr. J. H. Wood as to
the cause of the vpinglessness of some of the winter G-eometers. It seems
to me, indeed, that Dr. Wood has first formed his theory and then tried
to make his supposed facts support it, instead of first getting at facts
and then forming a theory from them. Dr. Wood commences his
paper by stating that " all the winter Geometers without exception
have wingless females." I consider that Himera pennaria in its
structure and habits, both as larva and imago, is as much a winter moth
as are any of the Hybernid^ ; almost equally so is Oporahia dilutata.
These have at least as much a winter flight as have Nyxsia zonaria and
N. lapponaria, which species indeed are contemporaneous as imagines
with several winged Geometers. A good deal is assumed in Dr. Wood's
next statement that among the Geometers there is not "a single British
species that hibernates in the perfect state." Surely Dr. Wood must
have forgotten (or more likely overlooked) that the three species
mentioned by Commander Walker in his editorial footnote habitually

80 t^P"''

hibernate in the perfect state, the biggest of them, Scotoaia diibitata,
to my own knowledge in large numbers. The wings of winter
Geometers Dr. Wood tells us " would be an encumbrance and impedi-
ment because, there being no leaves on the trees, they would not ])e able
to find sheher, small chinks and crannies not being available for them
with their ample wings," &c. As the males certainly seem to find no
inconvenience from this cause, why should the females? But there
are leaves in winter, any quantity of them, right on rmtil spring, not
on the trees, but dead and dry on the ground, many of them large stiff
fronds of ferns, &c., and they afford shelter for the winter moths just
as satisfactorily as do the living leaves on the trees in summer, and the
wings do not get any more frayed or tattered. As an instance, during
the past autumn Hybernia defoliaria and ff. auraritiaria were very
abundant in this district, and one afternoon over fifty females of these
two species were counted on the trunk of a single tree. The males were
not on the trunks, but imder the dead leaves and fern f'-onds on the
ground, where numbers were detected by the tip of the wing extending
beyond the margin of the leaf. Probably the males seen in this way,
numerous as they were, formed only a tithe of those which were entirely
covei'ed by the leaves. And for hibernating species, when bats can find
holes and crevices in trees in woods big enough for them to winter in,
Geometers would have no difficulty in doing so. Moreover, when did
the supposed laziness of these females, which Dr. "Wood tells us has
resulted in the loss of their wings, commence ? If they always had it,
why should we suppose that they ever had any wings at all. Dr. Wood's
" most striking instance " of the stay-at-home habit of certain species
is surely an unfortunate one for his theory, for if Coleo;phora inuli^ has
always been so sluggish why has it not lost its wings, not only in the
female but in the male also ? The fact is we have no strong evidence
that these wingless females ever possessed wings at all. We believe they
probably did, l>ut the belief is entirely because it agrees with our
theories, formed, and no doubt largely justified, in that our studies of
analagous conditions in other branches of science strongly confirm
it. But, so far as we know, the (|uite apterous females of Geometers
have not possessed even the rudiments of wings, and in the semi-apterous
species the abbreviated wings have not decreased in size one atom since
the earliest time in which entomologists took any interest in Lejndoptera.

Dr. Wood further tells us that as trees live to a great age, one of
them would afford a permanent home for these apterous moths, and
would not be prejudicial to its welfare. Few will probably assent to

1913.] §1

sucli a suggestion, as the condition would of course necessitate the
continuous inbreeding of species, which we know Nature takes every
precaution to prevent. It is as necessary for these winter G-eometers
to be distributed as it is for any of the summer species, and that they
are distributed in various ways, but chiefly I think by the method I
have suggested on p. 63 of the March number of this journal, there can
be no doubt.

Elm Lea, Dalton, Huddersfield .-
March 6th, 1913.

APTEEOUS FEMALES OF WINTEE MOTHS.
BY T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S.

Mr. Porritt is quite right when he says that I have no suspicion
that the apterous ? ? of winter moths are carried by the J (^ . There
was however a time when I did eiitertain the suspicion. Mr. Porritt's
statement that he thinks it well-founded makes it useful to review the
position.

On two occasions many years ago, memory fails me as to probably
others, I set myself to catch as many (^ ^ oi C. hrumata on the wing
as I could, their abundance at the time suggesting such an investigation.
I have no recollection how many S S '^ caught, but it was a very
considerable number, certainly more than one, possibly several, hundreds.
Amongst them was not one ? . This emphasised my fi]-st and initial
difficulty in adopting the suspicion, viz., that were it well-founded we
should have, not a few doubtful, but plenty oi well-verified observations
of the fact. They are practically quite wanting.

Insects of various orders fly about when paired, especially, I think,
Biptera. But with Lejndoptera the tendency and habit is to sit quietly.
This does not prevent one often seeing them on the wing, but I believe
always after being disturbed in someway. The amount of disturbance
may be slight, so slight in the case of some butterflies that one often
takes such flight as a usual habit. Such butterflies (I hazard guesses
rather than facts here) are probably those that do not remain long
paired, and, resting on herbage, are in some danger from grazing
animals. Those butterflies that hide away when paired, such as the
Vanessas, are not often seen paired at all. There is no scrap of
evidence that I know of that such paired flight is towards the food-
plant, and I do not think I have often seen such pairs attracted by
flowers. The occurrence of the larvae of these moths on comparatively

82 [April,

isolated trees is perhaps the point most dilficult to explain without some
such hypothesis. When we find a solitary tree or bush well colonised
by the larvae of these species, it is not necessary to assume as it might
be in the case of winged species, and as possibly Mr. Porritt does, that
their parents all arrived there from elsewhere during the previous
winter. The fact probably is that a solitary $ of one species got
there say ten years ago, of another spec-ies five years ago, and of a
third say two years ago. From the dates of these arrivals the tree
continued well colonised by the respective species.

I think it highly improbable that a (^ hrumata could carry a $
any distance, and if he could do so for some yards, how is he to find
the isolated tree? Only by accident. Now the very active ? ? in
their no doubt extensive wanderings, when they fail to find a tree or
bush at once or near them, are at least as likely to find the isolated tree
by accident. I picture these ? ? when they become active in search of
a suitable tree or bush, having some instinct by which, either by scent,
by the tendency to travel upwards, or in some other way, they are
largely successfvil in finding the parent tree or an immediate neighbour;
but the proportion that are unsuccessful in this matter must neverthe-
less be considerable and in actual numbers really great. These set off
in all directions, and anyone who has seen the rate at wdiich one of
these moths can cover the ground, must feel fairly certain that no small
number go at least as far as the solitary tree, and now and then one
must actually come across it.

When Mr. Porritt says such isolated bushes are even more infested
with larvce than others, several explanations occur to one ; but probably
the most efiicient, and at least the one that now interests us, is the one
I have alluded to : that these larvae are all descendants of an original
arrival some years before, and there can be little doubt tliat year after
year the instinct of the moths to find the nearest tree brings an undue
proportion of them to the only tree available, not a few, however, failing
to do so and going off' in all directions, for the most part to perish, but
now and then one will reach some isolated tree even more distant from
the parent wood, hedge or orchard.

It is not important to our present discussion, but it may be noted
that in various insects l)oth individuals, when flying paired, use their
wings. In butterflies the ? often carries the (^. This appears to be
usual in Satyrids and Melitteas, whilst in Lycaenids, Pierids, and
Argynuids, the (^ is usually the jDorter.

Betiila, l-tciyutL' :

March, 1913.

1913.] 83

TWO SPECIES OF ACULEATE HTMENOPTERA NEW TO BEITAIN.
BY LIEUT. -COLONEL C. G. NURSE, F.E.S.

Crabro kiesenwetteri, Morawitz. In working out the
Aculeates captured by myself during 1912, I found that I had
obtained live specimens (2 ^j" (;^ , 3 9 ? ) of a species of Crabro,
belonging to the sub-genus RhopaJuin, which appeared to be quite
distinct from both tibialis (Fabr.) and clavipes (Linn.), the only two
members of the subgenus hitherto recorded from this country. As I
had examples of both C. tibialis and C. clavipes, I felt stu-e I had
obtained an insect not hitherto recorded from Britain. I therefore
sent the specimens to the Eev. F. D. Morice for his opinion. He
confirmed my view that the insect was new to this country, and
determined it as the species named by its discoverer, Kiesenwetter, as
nigrimis, and also described by Wesmael as gracilis. As, however,
both these names are pre-occupied by other insects of the same genus,
Mr. Morice considers that the name next in order of priority, viz.,
kiesenwetteri, Morawitz, will have to stand. I have ascertained that
the same view is held by Herr Kohl, who is at present engaged on a
monograph of the genus Crabro, and I therefore now i-ecord it under
that name. Mr. Morice informs me that it stands under this name in
Schmiedeknecht's " Hymenoptera Mitteleuropas."

The specimens obtained by me were taken at Ampton, Suffolk,
in June, 1912, and West Stow, Suffolk, in June and August, 1912.
The following modification of the key on page 125 of Saunders'
" Hymenoptera Aculeata " of the British Islands will enable the
species to be recognised : —

(3) 2. Clypeus produced and raised at the apex, face with a short spine
between the antennae

(rt) Apex of clypens triangular, tegula3 pale tibialis.

(&) Apex of clypeus rather narrowly truncate, tegulse black.

.. .kiesenwetteri.
(2) 3. Clypeus and face simple clavipes.

C. hiesenwetteri is about the same size as C. clavipes (length 5-7 mm.,
exp. 8-10) ; the abdomen is entirely black in both sexes. The ^ has
the 4tli joint of the antennae widened at the apex, the 5th joint deeply
incised ; the scape, all the trochanters, tbe anterior tibiae and tarsi, the
greater part of the intermediate tibiae and tarsi, and the base of
the posterior tibiae, yellowish white. The ? has the antennae simple,
the scape and all the trochanters black, and the tibiae and tarsi
much darker.

84 [April,

The locality where I obtained four out of five of the specimens
here recorded is a swampy spot, on the bank of the Kiver Lark, covered
witli reeds and rushes, and studded witli old sallows and alders. My
collecting ground is only al)Out 1-50 yards l)y 50 yards, and it is
worthy of rema)-k that I have in this limited space t btained three
insects of different orders new to Britain, viz., the present species ;
Nemoura dnhitans, Morton (Nenroj^tera) ; and Chilosia cjlohulipes,
Becker {Diptera).

PoLisTES GALLicus, Linn. Among a small collection of Aculeates,
captured by Major E. B. Robertson, and sent to me for determination,
I found two specimens, either females or workers, of this species,
which has not, I believe, been pi-eviously recorded from Britain.
Polistes (jallicus, which is the only representative of the genus
occurring in Europe, has a very wide distribution, extending over
almost all Europe as far north as Sweden, and across Asia to China
and Japan. I myself have taken it in Baluchistan and Kashmir.
The specimens obtained by Major Robertson were taken at Chandler's
Ford, Hants, in 1911. The fact that among quite a small collection
he obtained two specimens of this species, appears to indicate that it
is, in all probability, a resident in Hampshire. Had only one specimen
been taken, I should have inclined to the opinion that, as such a
conspicuous and well Icnow^i insect had not been hitherto found in
Britain, it might have been a casual immigrant, more especially as the
summer of 1911 was an unusually hot one. I hope that Major
Robertson, or other entomologists visiting South Hants, may succeed
in taking more specimens, and proving that the insect is really
resident in England.

The genus Polistes may be at once distinguished from all other
Vespidae by the transversely striate propodeum, and the fusiform first
abdominal segment.

Timworth Hall,

Bury St. Eclinunds :

February lltli, I'.ti:?.

FOUR UNRECORDED BRITISH ANTHOMYIDM :

TWO OF THEM AT THE SAME TIME BEING NEW TO SCIENCE.

BY JOHN H. WOOD, M.B.

All four species were submitted to Herr Stein, who very kindly
examined them for me. Two of them he returned as Phaonia {Hyeto-

1813.] 85

desid) magnicornis, Ztt., and Coenosia perpnsilla, Mg. ; and the other
two he considered to be new and undescribed species.

I will take the two former first, and give a rough description of
each, so that anyone meeting with either may be able to identify his
capture.

Phaonia (Htetodesia) MAGNICORNIS, cJ ? .

This has the thickly haired eyes and strontfly feathered aristae of a Hyetodesia ;
and the featvires most likely to arrest attention are the unusual width of the
frons in the male and the size of the antennce. It is a fairly robust species, about
the size of semipellucida. The thorax is lig'ht grey, but looks much darker on
account of four black stripes, the two central of which are closely approximated ;
post-sutni'al dorso-central bristles three in number. Abdomen grey with an
indistinct central line and still more indistinct lateral spots, and with a paii- of
small ventral flaps in front of the hypopygium. The frons, uniisually wide in
the male, is black with pale margins, which bear along their whole length an
open row of strong erect bristles ; the antennae are square ended, broad and reach
to the mouth edge in the male, but are less characteristic in the female ; palpi
black. Wings nearly clear, cross- veins vmclouded, and halteres yellow. All the
tibiae yellow, the other joints black, except the tips of the femora which are
yellow like the tibite.

It appears to be widely distributed here, for my captures extend
from Devereux Pool in my own neighbourhood to the banks of the
Monnow in the extreme south-west of the county. It is, however,
undoubtedly rare, only four males and one female having been taken.
They have been met with in the early summer months (May and June)
and again in August, which seems to j)oint to its being double-brooded.
All have been taken close to water or in marshy places.

CcENOSIA PERPUSILLA, r? ? •

A medium sized species, with a grey and distinctly spotted abdomen and
yelloAv legs:— Thorax a rather muddy grey, unstriped, the shoulders paler.
Abdomen grey with three pairs of i-oiuid spots, very distinct in the male, less so
in the female. Antennae and palpi black. Legs wholly yellow in the male, but
in the female the femora entirely black or with jiist their extreme tips yellow.

Pokorny places it in his genus or subgenus Centriocera, which he
has created for this and some other half-dozen species. It is not, I
believe, uncommon on the Black Mountain range in July. There I
take it among heather, crowberry, and such like plants, on the broad
exposed plateau of the summit.

Peoomyia dulcamara, sp. n. ((^ $).

This belongs to the group in which the abdomen is Avholly grey, and to that
portion of it having both antennae and palpi black : — Thorax whitish grey.

80 [April,

threo-stripod, the stripes most distinct in male ; three pairs of hirge acrostichal
bristh's nnmixed with smalk^r ones in front of the suture, approximated and
nearly half as large as the dorso-central ; scutellum grey. Abdomen grey and
unstriped, not recurved at the end in the male, and with two small flaps under-
neath. Eyes subcontiguous ( (? ), widely separated ( ? ) ; frons rufous in both
sexes, the margins white, face white ; antennte wholly black or with the basal
joints obscurely rufous ; palpi black. Legs yellow ; fore femora of male mainly
black, only the iinder part towards the apex more or less extensively yellow,
middle femora with a double row of long weak l^ristles on the inner side, crowded
at the base, tliinning out and past the middle vanishing ; of female, fore femora
mainly yellow, only the upper side black, middle femora without the above
bristles; in male, fore tibiae with a preapical bristle and another about middle
of outer side, middle tibiae with three on the inner side — one just below upper
edge and two at a rather lower level, hind pair 3, 3, 2 on upper, outer, and
under sides respectively, the two on under side close together and jxxst below
the middle : in female, fore tibiae as in male, middle tibiae with three bristles as
in male and a fourth on outer side at junction of middle and lower thirds, in the
single female before me bristles on hind tibiae veiy different on the two sides —
on the left side 2, 2, 3 on the several aspects, on the right 2, 5, 1. Wings clear,
the large cross-vein straight or nearly so, halteres yellow.

The great irregularity of the bristles of the hind tibiae in the
female is remarkable, and if not due to the somewhat artificial con-
ditions to which the insect was exposed, indicates that little value as
a character can be given them in the case of this sex. In the row of five,
the three extra bristles are only half the size of the two ordinary ones,
and about as large as the single one on the lower side. In one of the
males also the bristles of the middle ti])ia on the left hand are 1, 3,
instead of 1, 2. Herr Stein's observation on the insect was "near allied
to interrujjfeUa, Ztt." I am, however, unable to compare them, as I
have never seen interrwptella, nor have had access to a description of it.

I have at no time met with dnlcamarx on the wing. My few
specimens (three ^ s, one ? ) were obtained by breeding. For some
years past I had been awai'e that the leaves of Solanum dulcamara
were mined by a dipteron that made large white blotches in them.
But it was a long time before I succeeded in finding out what the insect
was ; partly because the mines, whicli were very scarce, liad been
vacated before I found them, or because the larvse turned out to be
stung. However, in the autumn of 1911, I came upon a small plant
by the edge of Devereux Pool on which were four full mines, and was
fortunate in getting out the following April four perfect insects. The
rearing presented no difiiculties. The mines were placed in a shallow
tin box and over them was laid a layer of fresh leaves to keep them
from drying, and in amongst these the larvae pupated comfortably. I

1913.] 87

took care, however, to teep tliem sufficiently clamp as spring came on.
For the guidance of others I may add that I have never seen these mines
on the strong bushy plants of the hedges, but only on young and
straggling ones in wet situations.

CCENOSIA STIGMATICA, Sp. U. (S).

" A new and very interesting Coenosia,'" was Herr Stein's remark
in returning it. The conspicuousness of the outermost costal cell, which
is dark grey — in strong contrast with the clearness of the rest of the
wing — distinguishes it at once, so far as I know, from any other Coenosia .

It is a small species ; one of my specimens being of the size of infantula, the
other somewhat largex* :— Thorax and abdomen dark grey, the former unsti'iped
and with the shoulders rather paler, the latter with four pairs of somewhat
elongated spots ; hypopygivinr of the usual form, a pair of small flaps embracing
the end of the style. Prons fully as broad as long, the centre occupied by the
usual V-shaped black mark and the margins white ; the face viewed from the
front has the upper half of the eye margins white and the lower half black ;
antennae black, aristse bare, palpi black. All the femora black, but yellow at
extreme tip ; tibiae yellow though somewhat obscured by the rather strongly
developed pubescence, the bristles very few in number, weak and hair-like ; fore
tibiae with a preapical bristle and another on outer side at junction of middle
and lower thirds, middle ones with one bristle only — on tipper side just below
the centre, hind pair with three— one on upper side near apex and two on outer
side, namely, one above the middle and one in lower third. Wings clear, outer-
most costal cell conspiciiously grey, calyptra moderately large with unequal
scales, halteres yellow.

Besides the striking character of the clouded costal cell, almost
equally important are the fewness of the tibial bristles and their weak
hair-like nature. C. stigmafica is another of the rare things the Monnow
produces. I swept two males on September 7tli, 1910, from amongst
a varied growth of mugwort, viper's bugloss, Senecio, butter-bur, and
other plants on one of its sandy deposits. September imfortunately is
a late date in a general way for this locality, and largely on this account
I have neglected paying it another visit at the proper time, and there-
fore have no idea whether the insect is fairly common there or not.

I have only to add that, as it is to Mr. Collin that most of us,
since Mr. Verrall's death, resort in our difficulties, I have placed one
specimen at least of each of these four novelties in his collection.

Tarrington, Ledbury :

January, 1913.

88 CApril,

A New Entomological Monthly Journal. — "Insociitor Inscitiaj Menstruus, a
Monthly Journal of Entomology," is the title of a new Amei-ican periodical
started during the present year. It is conducted by Mr. Harrison G. Dyar, and is
sold only by siibscription, at the price of two dollars per annum, payable in
advance. We are indebted to Mr. ¥. Knab for a copy of No. 2 of Vol. 1, which
contains papers on Diptera and Lepidoptera, including descriptions of new
speciesi The only other Americiin journals of this kind that we are acquainted
with are the " Canadian Entomologist," commenced in ISG'J, and the "Entomo-
logical News," commenced in 1890. — Ed.s.

Note on the Equisetum-eating larva of Bagous claudicans, Boh. — In the
" Tijdschrift voor Entomologie," LV, pp. 208-21G (October, 1912), Dr. J. C. H.
Meijere gives an account of the life-history of two insects living in Holland tipon
Equisetum limosum in their earlier stages — a saw-fly (Dolerus palustris, Kl.) and
a Curciilionid beetle {Bagous claudicans. Boh.), both of which are British. The
larva of the Dolerus has ]>een described by various authors, but that of the
Bagous is not known to British Coleopterists. A short extract, th(>refore, from
Dr. Meijere's paper will doubtless interest our readers : —

" To the best of my knowledge very few larva; feed on Equisetum — so far I
only know of the saw-fly, Dolerus palustris, and the beetle, Bagous claiidicans,
whose larvae feed up inside the hollow stems. On May 30th, 1907, I examined
some plants of E. limosum growing at Kortenhoef, and found a few oblong
orange-red ova, mostly singly in each plant, rarely two in different intei'nodes.
The hole made by the ovipositor of the parent beetle is visible from outside. I
had the eggs a month before the larva; hatched. These are legless and have a
few scattered colovirless hairs. In 1908 I foxmd several larger larvse (measuring
lap to 4 mm.), mostly close to the apex of the stem, which then is always dead
for a length of from 5-15 mm. The larvse eat up through the nodal diaphragms
None of these larva) were bred, but in 1911 I found more large larva', which all
pupated by June 8th, the whitish-yellow pupae lying free in the internode. On
June 19th three beetles emerged. As far as the Dutch species of Bagous are
concerned, the metamorphoses of B. nodulosus only are known, the larva of
which has been found by Gadeati de Kerville in numbers on Stratiotes aloides."
The larva and pupa of B. claudicans are described at length by Dr. Meijere and
figured on Plate 9 of the work quoted. In the same paper the author notes that
the Homopteron Philaenus spumarius does not sj^are Equisetum. E. limosiun, it
may be stated, is a common British plant growing in the mvid at the edges of
shallow ponds and ditches, often with Carex, Phragmites, Menyanthes, and
Glyceria. Grypidius equiseti appears to be attached to Equiset%i.m arvense and
palustre. — G. C. Champion, llorsell, Woking: March 17th, 1913.

Stenus oscillator. Rye, in Ireland. — Mr. E. Bullock recently sent me for
examination various freshly-captvired Steni from Killarney. Amongst the
S. hifoveolatus, Gyll., there was a single specimen differing from the rest in having
the marginal keel on segments 2-4 of the hind body wanting. This at once
suggested the long sought for S. oscillator, Eye, which has remained unique since
it was described in 1870, and on comparing the Killarney insect with the Brighton
type in the British Museum, Mr. Bullock's specimen proved to be clearly refer-

1913.] 89

able to the same species, merely differing from the type in having slightly longer
elytra. It has been suggested that S. oscillator may be a hybrid between
S. latifrons and 8. paganus ; but neither Eye nor any other Coleopterist appears
to have observed the extraordinary close resemblance to S. bifoveolatus, with
which it agrees in every respect except in the incompletely margined hind body
The femoi-a and tibiae it is true are black in S. oscillator, but amongst my series
of S. bifoveolatus there is one (a 9 ) from Woking, with the legs similarly
coloured. It is probable that the two examples of the former are of the female
sex. — G. C. Champion : March, 1913.

Coleophora agrammella. Wood, in Sussex. — In 1892 Dr. John H. Wood
(Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol. XXVIII, p. 282, et seq.) brought forward a spocies, new to
science, of the rush-feeding section of the genus Coleophora, to which lie gave
the name of agrammella. This insect he took in the neighbourhood of Ledbury,
Herefordshire, and till last year, I believe, it has not occurred elsewhere.
When on May 18th, 1912, my brother, H. Leonard Sich, took me to a deep lane
leading to a wood in the Hailsham district, I disturbed a small pale Coleophorid
from a rixsh plant. It was not C. murinipennella and the date appeared to be
too early for C. casspititiella, and thus the long sought for C. agrammella came
to mind. We re- visited this lane on the same day at diisk and secured over a
dozen specimens. We fovmd them flying qiiietly, and frequently resting on the
herbage. From the ringed antennae, I felt sure of their identity, and a
subsequent examination of the ventral plate of the 8th abdominal segment in
the female, proved them to be C. agrammella. To make doubly sure, I
forwarded a pair to Dr. Wood, who agreed as to their identity. Having now
come across this species, I shall hope to fiind it in other localities. — Alfred
Sich, Corney House, Chiswick, W. : March 5th, 1913.

Phoxopteryx biarcuana : a correction. — My thanks are due to Mr. A. Thurnall
for suggesting that I recorded Phoxopterijx inornatana erroneously as P. biar-
cuana in Ent. Mo Mag., February, 1913, p. 35, and for confirming his suggestion
by examining the specimens in question. — H. G. Champion, New College,
Oxford: March 9th, 1913.

Conveyance of a semi-apterous female moth by the male. — Concerning
Mr. Porritt's remarks (Ent. Mo. Mag., March, 1913) on the conveyance of
apteroiis and semi-apterous females by their males, it may be worth mention
that while collecting in the evening of April 7th, 1909, in this district, a male
Hyhernia marginaria was disturbed out of a fence conveying an attached
female flying high, and some little distance before capture. As the pair were
disturbed into moving, this is of course only evidence that the male can carry
a female if so disposed, but it would seem that Mr. Porritt's supposition as to
the method of distribution of this and some other species in which the females
are apterous or semi-apterous, is strengthened thereby. — Rupeet Stenton,
St. Edwards, St. Mary Church, Torquay : March lOth, 1913.

Note on the distribution of Polygonia-c-album. — In view of the gradual
disappearance of this butterfly, which was once fairly widespread in England

a

90 [April,

during tho last half century, it may be of interest to note that it is still to be
met with, here and there, over the whole of the Conway Vale in North Wales,
i.e., from Bettws-y-coed, some twenty miles up the river, to near the sea at
Deganwy. It would seem to be a])solutely native here, as there are no hop
<j-ardens in the district. I have only found the caterpillar feeding upon nettle
( Urtica dioica) in this neighbourhood. Another locality where I have known it
for many consecutive years is the Onny A^alley in the south of Shropshire.
Here it is fairly abundant, frequenting thistle heads, and the food plant is
again, as far as iiiy observation goes, nettle. — Willoughbt Gardner, I^eganwy,
North Wales : March, 1913.

Notes on British Aculeate HymenojAera. — The following notes on some
of the rare British Aculeates that have occurred here during the past two
years may be of interest: —

1. Heriades truncorum. — Probably classed as extinct in Britain until
"re-discovered" by Mr. E. B. Nevinson some three or four years ago.
Last year I found it breeding at Byfleet in some numbers. Cobham is
certainly only some five miles from here, but as Mr. Nevinson took
steps for the preservation of this species it will be of interest to
record the new locality, as it may be that the insect is widening its
circle of existence in consequence of Mr. Nevinson's effoi'ts on its
behalf.*

2. — Macropis lahiata. — I have been fortunate enough to watch this rare
insect in hundreds, collecting pollen from Lysimachia vulgaris within
a few miles from its old haunts on the Woking Canal, whex-e the late
Ed. Saunders first showed it to me.

3.- — Prosopis (jcnalis — another great rarity. I recorded it from this district
in 1911, and last year saw two or three specimens in my own garden.
In addition to these, half -a dozen rare aculeates have occurred to me
here during 1911-12 worthy of mention : Sapyga ri-punctata (commonly);
Pompilus approxiniatus, 19 ; Nomadaroherjeotiana; and Crahro tibialis,
gonager ( ? ? only) and pa.nzeri. — C. H. Mortimer, Eoyton House,
Byfleet, Surrey : February, 1913.

Hedychridium coriaceuin parasitic on Crabro albilabris. — In 1911 the Rev.
F. D. Morice suggested the possibility of this to me, and as it coincided with
one or two observations of my own, I, last year, kept careful watch on the
burrows of C. albilabris. The resvdt was entirely to confirm Mr. Moi-ice's
suggestion. I took a good series of this, the most recently discovered of our
British Chrysids, in various localities, in every instance as the insect emerged
from a burrow of the Crabro. I suspect that in the neighbourhood of its host it
is anything but a rarity ; but notwithstanding the brilliance of its coloiu-, its
minute size and rapid flight make it exceedingly hard to detect. — C. H. Mortimer.

The host of Ornithopsylla Imtitise, Rothsch. — In a previous nvimber of the

Entomologists' Monthly Magazine (IT, Vol. XIX. pp. 231-233, 1908) I described

a flea under the name of Ormthopsylla Imtitix.

* The Rev. F. D. Morice captured a specimen of II. Innicorv.ia at Weybridge on July lOtli,
1900 [cf. Eiit. Mo. Mag., xxxvi, pp. 203, 204].— Eds.

1913.] 91

The insect in question had been discovered by Mr. Norman H. Joy in the
Scilly Islands, and it was stated that the flea inhabited the nests of the puffin.

Mr. Joy now tells me that he found the flea in all the nests of the Manx
Shearwater and the Stormy Petrel which he examined on the Scilly Islands last
year, and he considers that it only wanders occasionally to those nests of
puffins which are close to the burrows of the previously mentioned birds.
Nests of the puffin examined on the Fame Islands did not yield this remarkable
flea, a further proof of the correctness of Mr. Joy's contention that the flea is
not a o-enuine parasite of the puffin. — N. Charles Rothschild, Arundel House,
Kensington Palace Clardens, London : February 22nd, 1913.

The Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves. — This Association, recently
founded under the presidency of the Rt. Hon. W. J. Lowther, M.P., with a
council whose names include those of a number of the best-known naturalists
of the day, is one whose objects will surely appeal strongly to every reader of
this Magazine. Briefly stated, these objects are to collect information as to areas
of land in the United Kingdom which retain their primitive characteristics
and contain rare and local species liable to extinction, and to devise means by
which such areas may be acquired, and their faiina and flora secured for
posterity, as far as may be in their original state. Such localities as these,
owing to enclosure, drainage, building, above all to the ever-growing craze for
golf, are daily becoming fewer, and some action such as that proposed by the
Society, is urgently needed if our successors are to retain any reasonable share
of the fauna and flora of our native land for future study. Much good work
of this kind has already been done by private enterprise, and even small areas
thus preserved in their natural state may be of the highest value. Such a
" sanctuary " is the charming little " Ruskin Reserve," at Cothill, Berks,
acquired in 1904 by the Ashmolean Natural History Society of Oxfordshire,
which comprises in an extent of less than three acres of marsh and woodland
a veritable museum of rare and interesting plants and insects. It may be
added that no siibscription is required from members, these being elected by
invitation of the Executive Committee. The Society may be assiired of our
heartiest good wishes and support. —Eds.

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society: Meeting held at the
Royal Institution, Colqviit Street, Liverpool, on Monday, January 20th, 1913. —
Mr. R. Wilding, Vice-President, in the Chair.

A paper by Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe, P.E.S., was read by the Hon.
Secretary, the subject being " Some Associations between Ants of different
Species." The paper fully described all that is known of these associations,
and specially dealt with the relationship between species of Formicoxenus,
Ancrgates and Wheeleriella. A vote of thanks to the author was carried unani-
mously, and a discussion, showing a general interest in the subject, ensued.

H2

92 lA.vrn.

Exhibits were as follows : A box of Micro-Lepidoptera by Mr. A. W. Boyd,
collected in Lancashire and Cheshire diu-ing 1912, recording many new locali-
ties for species already on our list. Mr. W. Mansbridge showed a bivft'-coloiired
male of Ardia mendica from Co. Cork. — Wm Mansbridge, Hon. Secretary.

The South London Entomological and Natural Histort Society :
Thursday, February 13th, 1913. — Mr. A. E. Tonge, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. B. R. Wixey, of Palmer's Green, N., was elected a Member.

It was announced that Mr. Step had been made Editor of Proceedings, and
that Messrs. J. Piatt Barrett and N. D. Riley were added to the Council in
accord with the alterations in tlie bye-laws passed at the Special Meeting held
on January 23rd.

Mr. Buckstone exhibited several aberrations of Charxas grantuiis, including
a remarkably luiiform grey specimen, the markings being scarcely discernible.
Mr. West, six species of the Coleopterous genus, Ophonus {Harpalus in part), with
the aedeagus mounted by tlie side of the males, and i-emarked that the study
of this organ had revolutionised the previous identification of the species.
Mr. Andrews, a series of the Dipteron, Hwmatobia irritans, taken off the backs
of bullocks near Milford Haven. It was stated that flies had frequently been
observed clustered in dense rings around the horns of bullocks. Mr. K. G.
Blair, a large living larva of a Geotrupes and compared it with that of
Melolontha. Mr. A. E. Gibbs, a large number of Syntomidse with their supposed
models, taken by Dr. Davis of Belize, in British Honduras. Mr. Tonge, a fine
bred series of Epunda lichenea from Eastbourne. Mr. Coote, bred Papilio
machaon, in which the ground coloiu* approached that of ab. a^craritiaca.
Mr. Frohawk, various aberrations of Melitasa athalia, M. aurima, and M. cinxia,
including a fine melanic form of the first species, and some fine luiderside
forms of the last named, together with di-a wings of an albino Arciynnis adippe,
an albino Euchloe cardamines, &c. The rest of the evening was devoted to
microscopical exhibits by Messrs. C. B. Williams, E. Adkin, P. Noad Clarke,
— Ashdown, and W. West (Ashstead).

February 26</i, 1913.— The President in the Chair.

There was an exhibition of lantern slides by Messrs. W. J. Lucas (various
entomological spots in the New Forest and Surrey, &c.) ; C. W. Colthrup
{Lepidoptera at rest, &c.) ; T. H. L. Grosvenor (views on CoUey Hill, the
variation in Pieris napi, Brenthis selene, B euphrosyne, Melitxa axirinia, and
species of Anthrocera). Mr. A. E. Gibbs, butterflies collected in the Balkans
in 1912, including Pieris manni, P. ergane, Anthocharis belia, Pontia daplidice,
Leptosia sinapis, Colias ed^lsa and C. hyale, and aberrant forms of each species.
Mr. Colthrup, a specimen of Vanessa io, found hybernating in a room in
Dulwich. Mr. Tonge, a specimen of Sphinx ligiistri, in which the pink colora-
tion was replaced by white. Mr. Tiu-ner, an aberration of Melitsea didyma, in
which the black markings were, for the most part, of a pale slate colour, and
variovxs forms of the female of this species. Mr. Fx'ohawk, a bred series of

1313.] 93

Lampides bseticus of unusually large size ; the larvae fed upon green peas. He
also showed drawings of protective resting positions of various species of
Lepidoptera. Mr. E. South, five generations of Acidalia mrgfuZaria, bred from ova
laid by a ? captured at Bishop Avickland, August 7th, 1910. — Ht. J. Turner,
Hon. Secretary.

ENTOMOLoaicAL SociKTT OF LoNDON : Wednesday, February oth, 1913. —
Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

The President announced that he had nominated as Vice-Presidents for
the ensuing session, the Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., and Messrs. J. E. Collin and
J. H. Durrant.

Mr. A. E. Gibbs exhibited a number of insects, principally Syntomid moths,
from British Honduras. Mr. A. J. Richards, several very scarce Coleoptera,
chiefly from Hindliead. Mr. Donisthorpe, g <? and $ ? of Formica fusca, var.
picea, Nyl., from the New Forest, and a ^ from Belgium, and pointed out that
it was standing in the British lists as gagates, Latr., which has not occiirred in
Britain. Mr. W. A. Lamborn, cocoons of Deilemera antinorii, Oberth., together
with the moths that emerged from them. The cocoons themselves and the
arrangement of tlie spheres upon them showed the I'esemblance to the cocoons
of a Braconid parasite far more clearly than the more crowded examples that
he had sent before. Also two cocoons of the Lymantriid moth, Euproctis
lanaria, Holl. He had observed that, in the construction of the cocoon, the
piipa itself was hidden in the lower part, close to the leaf upon which the
structure was built, and that the larva spun iipon this foundation a spherical,
thin-walled structure which remained perfectly empty Mr. J. A. de Gaye,
5 <? (J s and 8 $ ? s of Gonometa subfascia, Walkei", from Lagos, S. Nigeria ;
the males were captured while they were trying to get into the breeding cage
in which were two newly-hatched females. Prof. Poiilton observed that
Dr. Laml)orn's previous experiences had made it almost certain that, in spite
of the great diiference in size and appearance, these insects were the ^ and ?
of the same species ; Mr. de Gaye's experience had now placed the matter
beyond doubt. Prof. Poulton exhibited a leighi female of Papilio dardanus.
Brown, together with one trophonius — two members of a family bred by
Mr. G. F. Leigh from a female parent of the latter form ; also two further
sets of synepigonic Pseudacrxas of the eurytus, L., group, bred by Dr. G. D. H
Carpenter, on Bugalla I., L. Victoria Nyanza. Mr. B. Harold Smith, thirty-
five specimens of Phryxus livornica, taken at light in South Cornwall, diu'ing
the last half of May, 1912. Mr. A. Bacot, a specimen of A. virgiUaria, having
the right wings melauic, the left wings of normal grey coloration. Mr. L. B.
Prout said that the specimen was no doubt a gynandromorph. Mr. N. D. Riley,
on behalf of M. Andre Avinoff, a collection of Rhopalocera, made on a journey
in the Western Himalayas. M. Avinoff, who was present as a visitor, gave an
accovmt of his expedition. The following paper was read .- " Tricho gramma,
Westw., probably synonymous with Pentarthron, Riley (Hymenoptera)," by
R. C. L. Perkins, M A., D.Sc, F.Z.S.

94) iAprii,

A LIST OF BUTTERFLIES COLLECTED DURING THE LAST TEN
YEARS IN BRITISH EAST AFRICA.

BY THE REV. K. ST. AUBYN ROGERS, F.E.S.

{Continued from pane o3).

142. — Teriomima suhpunctata, Kirby. The Coast hills, Taveta. Not uncommon
in forest country. Like almost all this group its flight is very feeble.

143. — Teriomima hildegarda, Kirby. Generally distributed. Another most
variable si)ecies. I have taken specimens in which the forewings are
almost entirely brown. Other specimens seem to come very near to
T. aslauga, Trimen.

144. — Teriomima mirra, Gr. Smitli. Tliis is only foixnd in the Coast hills, where it
is often common. It is also very variable and it is possible that the
darker forms may prove to be distinct.

14.5. — Deloneura ochrascens, Neave. The Coast hills. My specimens are distinctly
larger than the type from Kisvirau, but otherwise they are very similar.
It is not common.

146. — Lachnocnema hihidus, Fabr. Common everywhere.

147. — Virachola antalus, Hopff. Ubiqviitoixs.

148. — Virachola dariaves. Hew. The Coast district. Not common.

149. — Virachola diodes. Hew. One or two in the Coast district.

150. — Virachola lorisona. Hew. I have one or two of this also from the same
localities as the preceding.

151. — Virachola dinochares, Gr. Smitli. Tlie Coast district. Not common.

152. — Virachola cxrulea, Druce. I have only taken this in the Coast district,

but it probably occurs elsewhere. The females seem commoner than the

males and are fond of the blossoms of Lantana.

153. — Myrina ficcdula. Trim. Widely distributed and not imcommon. It is

usually to be found on wild fig trees on which the larva feeds.
154. — Myrina dermaptera, Wallgr. One specimen only from N. Kikuyu.
155. — Hypolycxna philippus, Fabr. Ubiquitous.

156. — Hypolycfpna x>achalira,Bntl. The Coast district, Taita, Taveta. Not so
univei-sally distributed as the last, but common ^vhere it occxu-s.

157. — Hypolycxna huxtoni. Hew. The Coast district. This is more confined to
woodlands and flies higher tlian the two preceding species.

158. — Stugeta howkeri. Trim. Widely distrilnited, but not generally common.

159. — lolaus silas, Westw. Coast district, Taita This fine species is not
unconunon. It frequents the scrub near the sea, but soon loses condition
as the wind blows strongly most of the year.

160. — Epamera mermis, Druce. Coast district, Taita. Not uncommon in wood-
lands. It frequents woodlands and flies ratlier higli.

1913.] 95

161. — Ejiamera sidus. Trim. S. Kikuyii. Appai'ently rare.

162. — Epamera diametra, Karscli. Coast hills, Taita. By no means common
and excessively active, so that its captvire is difficult.

163. — Epamera arborifera, Biitl. Aberdare Mountains. I have obtained two
females only in poor condition.

164. — Epamera mimosse. Trim. I obtained a pair at Maketao between Voi and
Taveta. They are more heavily marked beneath than specimens from
South Africa.

165. — Aphniolaus palle.ne, Wallgr. Coast disti-ict, Taita. Not generally
common. It is more abundant at Shimba than elsewhere.

IQG.—Spindasis natalensis, Doubl. and Hew. This is a common species in the
Coast district.

167. — Spindasis victorife, Butl. Coast district. Not common.

168. — Sjjindasis homeyeri, Dewitz. Fairly common in the Coast district.

169. — Spindasis tavetensis, Lathy. I took this commonly at Taveta on the
flowers of a Mimosa.

170. — Axiocerses harpax, Fabr. Common and widely distributed.

171. — Axiocerses amanga, Westw. Also common, but not qviite so widely
distributed as the last.

172. — Axiocerses punicea, Gr. Smith. Coast district. A very local insect, which is
sometimes common where it occurs. It may al%vays be recognised by the
presence of two silver lines just above the inner margin of the forewings,
underneath.

173. — Choroselas pseudogeritis, Trim. Coast hills, Taita. This seems un-
common, but it may have been overlooked.

174. — Leptomyrina lara, Linn. Taita, Ukambani. I have not found this
common. My specimens are somewliat larger and darker than others I
have seen.

175.— Leptomyrina hiruyido, Wallgr. Coast district. Not uncommon

176. — Alocides taikosama, Wallgr. Ukambani. Appai'ently not common.

177. — Spalgis lemolea, Druce. A single specimen from near Voi.

178. — Lycsenesthes amarali, Guer. Common everywhere and often very
abundant. It frequents more open covintry than most of the genus.

179. — Lycxnesthes hobleyi, Neave. Two specimens from N. Kikuyu seem to
belong to this species, though they are not so red underneath as the type.

180. — Lycsenesthes lemnos. Hew. Coast hills, S. Kikuyu. Not uncommon.

181. — Lycsenesthes minima. Trim. Coast hills. Not genei-ally common, but I
once found it very abundant.

182. — Lycsenesthes limulata, Trim. Coast district Not usually common.

183.— Lycsenesthes otacilia. Trim. I took this in some abundance at Taveta.

96 [April, 1913.

1H4. — Lyaenesthes frinceps, Butl. Taita, Taveta, N. Kikviyu. This does not
seem to bo common, bvit possibly it has been overlooked.

185. — Li/c«nes//(es iasii. Smith and Kirby. Coast hills, Taveta. Not uncommon.

186.— L])c,vnesthes definita, Butl. Taita, Kikuyu. Tliis species is often
abundant.

187. — Lycxnesthes larydas. Cram. Common generally.

188. — Lycxnesthes liodes. Hew. Coast hills, Taveta. Apparently rare but
probably it has been overlooked.

189. — Lycisnesthes indefinita, Bethune-Baker. I believe this occurs freely at
Nairobi in the forests.

190. — Phtjlaria cyara, Hew. One specimen in N. Kikuyix.

191. — Uranothauina heritsia. Hew. Taita, Kikuyu. The species is common.

192.— Uranothaiima cordatus, Shai'pe. Kikuyu. The males occur in some
abvmdance in damj) places, especially at Rijabe. I have not taken the
female.

19^.— Uranothauina nuhifer. Trim. Taita, Kikuyii. Not so abundant as the
preceding.

194. — Uranothaiima falkensteini, Duv. Taita, Taveta, Kikuyu. The most
abundant of the genus. The females frequent flowers and the males often
swarm on damp ground near rivers. The sisecimens in Kikuyu are larger
and more flushed with purple.

195. — Cacyreus lingeus, Ci-am. Ubiquitous.

196. — Cacyreus palemon, Cram. Taita. Kikuyii. Common above 5,0U0 feet.

19^. — Cast alius melsena, Trim. Coast district, Taveta. Not uncommon.

198. — Castalius gregorii, Butl. Taveta, Kikuyu. This species does not seem
common.

199. — Cast alms margaritaceus, Sharpe. North and Sovith Kikuyu. Common.

I once found it in great abundance in Kenia forest.

200. — Tarucus louisse, Sharpe. Taita, Taveta. This species does not appear to

be common, but it is very inconspicuous and liable to be overlooked.

201.— Tarucus telicanus, Lang. Ubiquitous. I have found the larva feeding on
the flowers of Plumbago capoisis without any attendant ants.

202. — Azanus sigillatus, Butl.

203. — Azanus moriqua, Wallgr.

204. — Azanus mirza, Plotz.

205. — Azanus jesous, Guer.

All these species occur commonly and may sometimes be found in
large numbers on damp sand in river beds.

206. — Nacaduba sichela, Wallgr. Generally distributed, but not usually very

common.
207. — Polyommatus bsetictis, Linn. Ubiquitous.

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CONTENTS. PAGE

A contribution to a knowledge of the British Notiophili (concluded).— James

Edwards, F.E.S 73

Description of a new species of Haliplus. — D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S 75

Description of a new species of Quedius from the New Forest, Hants. — Norman

n. Joy, M.F.C.S., F.E.s. 76

Two New British species of Atheta. — Id 77

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R.N., F.E.S 78

The Wingless Geometer.— Geo. T. Porritt, F.L.S 79

Apterous females of Winter Moths.— T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S 81

Two species of Aculeate Hymenoptera new to Britain. — Lieut.- Col. G. C.

Nurse, F.E.S 83

Four unrecorded British AnthomyidfB ; two of them at the same time being

new to science. — John H. Wood, M.B 84

A new Entomological Monthly Journal. — Eds 88

Note on the Equisetum-eating larva of Bagous claudican8,Boh. — G.C. Champion,

F.Z.S 88

Stenus oscillator, Rye, in Ireland. — Id 88

Coleophora agraminella. Wood, in Sussex. — A. Sich, F.E.S 89

Phoxopteryx biarcuanu : a correction. — II. O. Champion, B. A 89

Conveyance of a semi-apterous female moth by the male. — Rupert Stenton,

F.E.S 89

Note on the distribution of Polygonia c-album — Willoughby Gardner, F.L.S. 89

Notes on British Aculeate Hymenoptera. — C. H. Mortimer, F E.S 90

Hedychridium coriaceum parasitic on Crabro albiiabris. — Id 90

The host of Oriythopsylla Isetitise, Rothsch. — Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, M.A.,

F.L.S 90

The Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves. — Eds 90

Societies — Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 91

South London Entomological Society 92

Entomological Society of London 93

A list of butterflies collected dui'ing the last ten years in British East Africa

(continued). — Rev. K. St. Aubyn Rogers, F.E.S 9t

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City of London Entomological and Natural History Society, London
Institution, Finsbury Circus, London, E.G. — The First and Third Tuesdays in
the month at 7.30 p.m., except in Jvily and August. April 1st: Notes on Dragon-
flies, Mr. H. M. Edelsten, F.E.S. Ai^ril loth : Exhibition and Discussion,
BuipalMs^jiniaria; opened by Dr. E. A. Cockayne, MA., F.E.S. May 6th: Notes on
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May, 1013.] 97

208. — Cyclirius sharpias, Biitl. Kikiiyu, Common on swampy ground above
7.000 feet.

209. — Scolitantides crawshayi, Bntl. Kenia. Probably not uncommon.

210.— Cat ochry sops malathana, Boisd. Ubiquitous.

211. — Catochrysops dolorosus. Trim. Kikuyu. Very common near Nairobi, It
is probably often overlooked.

212. — Catochrysops osiris, Hopff. Common generally.

213. — Catochrysops barkeri. Trim. Coast district. Not uncommon.

214. — Catochrysops celaeus. Cram. One specimen from Kenia which is probably
this species.

215. — Catochrysops peculiaris, Rogenh. Widely distributed but not generally
common. I liave met with it more frequently at Mombasa than elsewhere.

216. — Chilades trochilus, Meyer. Occurs everywhei-e.

217. — Chilades mahallalcoana, Wallgr. — Two specimens from the Thika River on
the Fort Hall Road.

218. — Everes hippocrates, Fabr. Coast district, Taita, Taveta. Not uncommon.
219. — Everes inicyclus. Cram. Coast district. Rather a local species generally
found near streams.

220. —Cupidopsis cissus, Godart. North and South Kikuyu. Not very common.

221. — Cupidojjsis johates, Hopff. Common generally, especially at Taveta.
222. — Zizeeria gaika. Trim. Ubiquitous.

223. — Zizeeria lysimon, Hiibn. Ubiquitous.

224. — Zizeeria lucida, Trim. Common generally but not so abundant as the two
preceding.

225.— Zizeeria antanossa, Mab. Generally distributed but apparently not
common. It probably only wants looking for.

226.— Zizeeria stellata. Trim. Kikuyii. Fairly common at high elevations.

227. — Chrysophanus ahboti, Holl. Ukambani, Kikuyu. Not uncommon. Except
for its copper hind wings, this species resembles the British " Small
Copper,"

228. — Leptosia medusa. Cram. Common in forests.

229.— Herpasnia eriphea, Godart. Common generally.

230. — Mylothris agathina, Cram. Ubiquitous.

231. — Mylothris ruppelli, Koch. Common except in the Coast district.

232. — Mylothris ruhricosta, Mab. Kikviyu. Common especially in Papyrus
swamps.

233. — Mylothris narcissus, Butl. Taita. Not uncommon.

234. — Mylothris jacksoni, Sharpe. Kikuyu. The amount of fuscous in the fore-
wing is very variable. Specimens captured on the same day vary from

I

08 '^*'''^''

a fore-wing completely fuscous except for the veins, to a fore-wing
white with a fiiscoiis border all rovuid the wing. I somewhat douht the
validity of Mylothris ne^imanni.
235. — Phrissnra phoehe, Butl. Common at Nairobi, and also occurs in the
Coast hills.

236. — Phrissura isokani. Smith.— Coast district. Not common.

237.— Phrissura lasti. Smith. Coast district. By no means uncommon, chiefly

in forest.
238. — Gliitophrissa epaphia, Cram. Generally very common.

239. — Belenois marcjaritacea, Sharpe. Taita, Kikuyu. Above 40OO ft. Not
very common generally, but I have taken it in some abundance in Taita
diiring the hot weather. It is more confined to woodlands than most
sijecies of the genus.

240. — Belenois (liilica, Grodart. Connnon everywhere.

241. — Belenois severina. Cram. Ubiquitous.

24:2.— Belenois mesentina, Cram. Abundant everywhere.

243. — Belenois zochalia, Boisd. Generally distribxited, except in the Coast

district.
244. — Belenois thysa, Hopff. Generally common.

245. — Pinacopteryx spilleri, Staiid. Coast district, Taita. Not uncommon.
246. — Pinacopteryx pigea, Boisd. Taita, North and Soutli Kikuyu. The

females of this species appear to be dimori^hic and mimic Mylothris

agathina and M. narcissus.
241 . — Pinacopteryx vidua, Biitler. Taita. Sometimes found commonly near

the Voi River.
248. — Pinacopteryx liliana, Gr. Smith. Coast district, Taita, Taveta, Ukambani.

A common species, whicli is rather variable.
249. — Synrldoe johnstoni, Crowl. Taita, Ukambani, Kikuyu. Often abundant,

especially at Nairobi.
250. — Teracolus amatus, Fabr. Generally common.
251. — Teracolus phisidia rothschildi , Sliarpe. I have only taken this right on

the sea coast, where it is often common.
252. — Teracolus castalis. Stand. Coast district, Taita, Taveta. Not unconnnon,

especially near the Voi River.
253. — Teracolus aurigineus, Butl. Taita, Taveta, Kikuj'u. Generally common

in dry places.
254. — Teracolus vesta, Reiche. This is also a common species of wide

distribution.
255. — Teracolus halimede. King. Taita, Taveta. Common.
256. — Teracohts 2>'>'otomedia, Klug. Coast hills, Taita. I have not found this

fine species common, but it is of more frequent occurrence in North

Giryama than elsewhei-e,

1913.] 99

257. — Teracolus celimene, Lucas. Taita^ Taveta, Ukambani. 1 have not met
with tliis commonly.

258. — Teracolus eris, Klug-. This is another widely distributed species. It is
not uncommon. Its flight is generally rapid.

259. — Teracolus phlegijas, Butl. Coast district, Taita, Taveta. This is a common
species. Together with other species of this genus and also the common
species of Beleaois, it resorts to the same places for considei-able periods
to rest for the night. These places are generally exposed to the rays of
the Western sun.

260. — Teracolus barchus, Butl. Taveta, Ukambani. This seems uncommon,
but it is doubtful whether it is really distinct from the preceding

261. — Teracolus regina. Trim. Coast district, Taita, Taveta. Rather irrc>gitlar

in its comparative abundance, I have foiind it commoner at Eabai than

elsewhere.
262. — Teracolus hetsera, Gerst. Coast hills, Taita, Taveta, South Kikuyu,

Ukambani. Fairly common generally.
263. — Teracolus puniceus, Butl. Coast hills, Taita. Doubtfully distinct from

the preceding. The yellow females, which are apt to occur spoi'adically

in most species of the genus, seem to be of more frequent occurrence in

these two species.
264. —Teraco?tts elgonensis, Shai-pe. North and South Kikuyu. Sometimes

found in some niimbers. Its habits are very different from those of the

genus generally as it frequents forest and flies rather high. All my

captures differ from the type in almost totally wanting the broad black

of the apex.
265. —Teracohis callidia, Smith. Taita, Taveta. Fairly common.
266. — Teracolus eupompe, Klug. Generally abundant.
267. — Teracolus ompJiale, Godart. Ubiquitous.
268. — Teracolus daira, Klug. Coast district, Taita, Taveta. This species is

fairly common, but it may easily be overlooked from its resemblance to

T. omphale. All my captures are of the wet phase.
269. — Teracolus achine. Cram. Ulnqixitous.
270. — Teracolus casta, Gerst. Coast hills, Taita, Taveta. Not common at the

Coast, but abundant at Taveta.
271. — Teracolus antigone, Boisd. Ubiquitoias.
272. — Teracolus evarne, Klug. Ubiquitous.
273. — Teracolus incretus, Butl. Generally abundant.
274. — Eronia cleodora, Hiibn. Coast district, Taita, Taveta A common species

in woodlands and forest.
275. — Eronia leda, Boisd. This is found in the same districts as the preceding

species.
276. — Leuceronia argia, Fabr. This is common in the woodlands of the coast

belt, bixt I have seldom met with it elsewhere.

12

100 [>'>*>■.

277. — Leuceronia thalassina, Boisd. Coast hills. Not common at Rabai, but I
have met with it in some abnndauce in Giryaiiia eoixntry.

278. — Leuceronia huqueti, Boisd. Common generally.

279. — Catopsilia florella, Fabr. Abundant eveiywhere.

280 — Terias senegalensis, Boisd. Abundant everywhere.

281.— Terias rerjularis, Bntl. This seems cojnmou generally.

282. — Terias hrigitta. Cram. Uliiquitons.

283. — Colias elertra, Linn. Common above -1()()0 ft. The white female occurs
freely.

284. — Papilio nohilis, Rogenh. South Kikuyu. Not iincommon. Generally
flies high in forests.

{To be conchuled).

i

PHILONTHUS SCOTICUS, sp. Nov.: A BEETLE NEW TO BRITAIN.
BY NORMAN H. JOY, M.R.C.S., F.E.S., AND J. R. LE B. TOMLIN, M.A., F.E.S.

Black, elytra with a slight brassy reflection, legs pitchy-yellow ; head and
thorax very closely and finely reticulate, rather dull ; head subquadrate, a little
narrower than thoi-ax in g , the two punctures on forehead placed close together ;
antenniB with the penultimate joints rather strongly transverse ; thorax slightly
longer than broad, with a row of four punctures on each side ; elytra diffusely,
moderately strongly, and somewhat rugosely punctiired ; hind body finely and
modei-ately closely punctured ; first joint of hind tarsi about as long as last,
distinctly shorter than the three following united ; <J with the anterior tarsi
not dilated, the hind margin of the sixth ventral segment of hind body slightly
emarginate in centre. Length, 6.5 — 7 mm.

This species differs from all its allies* iu the more transverse
penultimate joints of the antenn;^, iu having the two punctures on the
forehead placed more closely together, and in the peculiar rugose
punctuation of the elytra. In P. fitiiefarlns the frontal punctures are
placed directly behind the insertion of the antennse, in the other
species they are somewhat closer together ; but iu P. scoficus the
distance between them is less than half the distance between the
insertion of the antennae. The pvmctuation of the elytra is slightly
closer than in P. sordidus, and not nearly so deep. The reticulation
of the head and thorax closely resembles that in P. fimetarins. The
sedeagus has the same general structure as in the Gahrius nigritulus
group, and most resembles that of G. primigenius, but is much broader,
the accessory lobe is as strongly bifid as in G. nlgrltnlus. In contrast

* p. ci)>liitlolni, Gi-av., P. iiiiii-irn\ti-i«, Thom.'i., /*. jiin(tnnv.i, Grav., /'. sordidvs, Grav., and
/'. .spiTiiiophili, Gaiiglb. We have not been able to examine P. tu)batv.i, Er. , P. tlirtfsijinini.i,
Bernh. and P. ncriOce, Fan v., whicli, however, differ con.siderably in colour and other details.

1913.] 101

to this the accessory lobe iu P. fi,metarms is dilated aud almost trun-
cate at the apex, somewhat as in G. trossuliis, where as in P. sordidus
and P. cephalotes it is narrowed into a point at the apex as iu the
genus Quedius.

We took four specimens of this very distinct species in moss at
the top of Creag Dhu (2581 feet), Kingussie, Inverness-shire, on
September 18th, 1911.

April, 1913.

DESCEIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OP ACTOBIUS.
BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

ACTOBIUS YTENENSIS, Sp. 71.

Niger, antcnnis x>6dibusquc pireis, illis articulis pcnultimis hrevibus, tratis-
versis, articulo ultimo testaceo, tarsis tibiartimqiie basi et apice sordidc jiavis ;
capita thoraceque pernitidis, sat fortiter multipunctatis ; elytris sat nitidis, sw6-
tilius dense punctatis, ahdomijie densissivie punctato. Long. corp. 5 mm.

This is a very distinct little insect, allied to A. signaticornis but
rather broader, and in shape more like a small A. cinerascens. The
peculiar colour of the antennae, which are pitchy-black with the terminal
joint yellow, distinguishes it at once ; the form of the antennae is also
different, they being shorter and a good deal thickened towards the
apex, with the penultimate joints strongly transverse.

The anterior tarsi are much dilated in the male, the 4th joint
being quite broad ; and in this sex there is a broad shallow emar-
gination of the hind-margin of the last entire segment of the
abdomen. The aedeagus is highly interesting ; it is nearest to that
of Gahriuf^, with some points of approximation to PhUonthus, and it
seems to prove that the single long rod of the latter genus really
corresponds with the two coalesced lateral lobes.

I first met with the species on May 5th, 1909, when I captured
a female in moss beyond Beaulieu Road Station. Yesterday, while
working for Tachys 'parvulvs in quite another pai-t of the New Forest,
my daughter and I found three specimens. Ytene is said by Wise
to be the Saxon name of the New Forest district.

Brockenhiu'st :

April 16th, 1913.

102 t^'^y-

ON THE GENUS CACODMUS.
BY THE HON. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHILD, M.A., F.Z.S.

Ill a previous number of this Journal (vf. Eut. Mo. Mag., Vol.
XLVIII, pp. 85 — 86, 1912) I described a new species of Gacodmus,
and compared it with C. villosns. Siuc-e this article was published
another new species has been described, and I have been able to examine
further material of C. viUosus.

These insects seem to be so extremely rare, and are of such great
interest, both to specialists and to general entomologists, that a review
of our present knowledge of the genus seems desirable.

The genus Cacodmus belongs to the sub-iabiaily Cacodmiiix, one of
the three divisions into which the various members of the Glinocoridie,
or bed bugs, can be readily divided. All the known species of this
genus are parasites of bats, and, so far, none have been recorded from
the New World.

Dr. Jordan and myself {cf. Novit. Zoolog., Vol. XIX, pp. 352 — 356,
191 2) have defined this sul)-faiiiily as follows :—

Proboscis at most reaching in between the fore-coxte. The large bristles
dentate only at the tip, not on the convex side. Mesosternum sniitriangular.
Metasternnm more or less lozenge-shaped or ovate, tapering forward, much
longer than it is broad, about as wide as the mid-femur. Raised mesial portion
of basal abdominal sternite narrowing anteriorly. Eighth abdominal segment
of ^ almost symmetrical.

While the characters of the genus are : —

Bristles long, most of the lateral ones of the pronotum longer than the first
segment of the antennae. Tibiae without pseudo-joints. Second segment of
proboscis longer than fourth.

In my previous paper I stated that I had only been able to examine
three specimens of G. villosus, Stal, two of these being in the British
and one in the Cambridge Museum ; but through the kindness of
Professor B. Yngve Sjoestedt I have seen Stal's type, which is conserved
in the Stockholm Museum. Five examples, taken from Ve^pertUio
(Eptesicus) capensis in South Africa, were received in Helsingfors by
Dr. Reutei-. It will therefore be noted that the type and seven other
specimens of this rare insect are known. The Cambridge example,
which is ill bad condition, is probably not true villosus, but represents
a closely allied but distinct insect.

The most recently described species is G. indicns, taken from a bat
at Khandala, Bombay Presidency, India.

1913.] 103

The three known species of Cacoclmus can be identified as follows : —

A. Hind femur as long as hmd tibia : —

1. Cacodmusvillosus, Stkl. S.Africa. (? 9 :— Very broad, particvilarly

the c? • Pronotum touching- the eyes or nearly, its anterior
angles much produced. Antennal segment 2 one-fifth or one-
sixth longer than 3, and 3 slightly longer than 4. Penis of ^
long, reaching to centre of segment 6.

B. Hind femur shorter than hind tibia : —

2. C. ignotus, Eoth, Origin iinknown. ? : — Narrower than the

previous species. Pronotum almost touching the eyes, its
angles less produced than in villosus, but nevertheless reaching
to centre of eyes. Antennal segment 2 almost half as long
again as 3, and 3 slightly shorter than 4.

3. G. indinis, Eoth. India. <? 9 : — Narrower than ignotus. Head

exserted. Angles of pronotum distant from eyes, very little
produced ; explanate margin narrow. First tarsal segment
with two thin bristles near apex, one short and one long.
Penis of J not reaching to centre of segment 7. Antennal
segment 2 only one-eleventh longer than 3, 3 and 4 being of
eqiial length.

Arundel House,

Kensington Palace Gardens, W. :
March 25th, 1913.

ASPIDIOTUS BAVABIGU8, Ldgr. : A SCALE-INSECT NEW TO THE

BRITISH LIST.

BY DR. LEONHARD LINDINGER.

In his excellent work on the Coccidx of the British Isles,* Newstead
gives Calluna vulgaris as the food-plant of Asindiotus ostreiformis, and
figures (PI. V, fig. 6) the scale of an example on this plant. This scale
differs considerably in shape and colour from that of the typical
A. nstreiformis. In the beginning of 1912, I examined carefully an
Aspidiotus living on Calltma vulgaris and Erica tefralix in Germany,
Noi-way and Styria, and found that its scale agrees completely with
that figured by Newstead, but that the insect is different from
A. ostreiformis. It is a species new to science and has been described
by me as A. bavaricus since I first found it in Bavaria. f

In my recently published book on European Coccidx,X I was imable
to include England unreservedly among the countries from which

*Newstead, Monograph of the Coccidm of the British Isles. London, Vol I, p. 101.
tliindlnger, Zoitschrift fllr wissonschaftliche Insektenbiologie. Bd. VIII, 1912, p. 31.
X Idem, Die Schildliiuse {Cnrcihi) Europas, Nordafrikas und Vorderasiens, einschliesslich
der Azoren, der Kanareu und Madeiras. Stuttgart, 1912, p. 89.

104 [May.

Aspidiotus bavaricus is known, as I could not get any material, and
Newstead's reference is too short for the certain determination of the
new species. A few weeks ago, however, I found several ? ? of
A. bavaricus on Gallvna vnhjaris from Chester, and recently on the
same plant from Aberdeen, Scotland, so that-i.here is no longer any
doubt of its occurrence in Britain.

Ai^pidiofus bavaricus is apparently a very oM and well-established
species. It is highly improbable that it could have been introduced
into England from the continent with its food-plant, for no one would
take the trouble to introduce a plant already present in such abundance ;
so the only conclusion possible is that both scale-insect and food-plant
have been present in England ever since the separation of the latter
from the mainland. Since that time A. bavaricus has not changed in
the very least, for the examples from England differ in no way from
those from Norway, Germany, the Riviera, or from those taken on
Erica arborea in Corsica. In their habits only, is a slight difference
recognisable between northern and southern examples, for in Mid and
Noilh Europe the insect is mostly to be found on the more or less
subterranean parts of the stem of the food-plant, whilst in Corsica it
takes full possession of the aerial stems.

Hamburg :

March 2Uh, 1913.

THIRTY ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF BRITISH DIPTEBA.
BY J. E. COLLIN, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Amongst the nmnerous species of Diptiera occurring in Britain
but not yet included in the British List the following thirty may be
recorded now with some degree of confidence.

EMPID^.

1. Cyrtoma interw,edia, Lundbk. This species which was described
by Limdbeck in his " Diptera Danica, Part III," is not uncommon in
Britain in various localities, from the New Forest (Hants) to Aviemore
and Nethy Bridge (Inverness). The late Mr. Verrall had separated
it mider the M.S. name of nigrescens, but I have satisfied myself by
correspondence with Mr. Lundbeck that our species is the same as his.

2. Cyrtoma pilosa, Lundbk. This is another Danish species which
is comparatively common in Britain and which may be distinguished
at once by the much longer pubescence on thorax or legs. It occurs
from Sussex to Sutherland.

1913.] 105

3. Cyrtoma simplicipes, Zett. Another widely distributed species
of this genus easily recognised by its very slender hind tibiae. It has
occurred from Dorset to Aviemore and the Isle of Arran.

4. BJiamj)homyia obscum, Zett. This is a moderately small brownish-
black species (3 mm.) with practically uniserial dorso-central bristles
and biserial acrostichal bristles on the thorax, best distinguished in the
male by the curious downwards loop at the base of the wire-like penis,
and in the female by the way in which the legs are ciliated, the middle
femora bearing pennate bristles at the tip beneath, and the hind
femora with a distinct pennate ciliation beneath. I have examined
only a pair taken by Mr. J. J. F. X. King at Kilmun (Argyllshire),
on June 16th, 1906.

•5. Bhamphomyia hirtula, Zett. A pair of this species in the late
Mr. Verrall's collection were taken at flowers by Mr. I. H. Bui-kill at
Clova (Forfarshire) when making observations upon flowers and insects
in that locality. It is a most interesting addition to our fauna because
it has previously only been recorded from Greenland by Zetterstedt
and Lundbeck. It is a hairy species, as its name implies, and some-
what allied to fumipennis, Zett., but the upper laniellsB of the male
genitalia are notched above, and the penis is thin and wire-like.

6. Bhamphomyia tibialis, Meig. Two males of this species were
taken by Col. Yerbury at Aviemore (Inverness- shire) on May 21st,
1904. It is allied to sulcata. Fall., but the male may be known by
the little cluster of spines on the dorsal side toward the end of the side
lamellae ; the female has the hind tibiae broader than the femora and
with a pennate fringe on the dorsal surface.

7. Bhamphomyia nigripennis, F. We possess in Britain both B. nigri-
pemiis and nmbripennis as distinguished by Lundbeck (Dipt. Danica,
III) . The present species was labelled umbripennis in the Verrall collec-
tion, and umbripennis (of Lundbeck) was labelled holosericeus, Zett,
{nee Mg.). It is not at all an uncommon species in numerous localities
from Brockenhurst (Hants) to Spey Bridge (Inverness) .

8. Bhamphomyia hijbrida, Zett. The sexes of this species differ
in colour, the male being a black, dark-winged insect resembling
culicina, Fall., but differing in the form of the genitalia, and in having
a distinct bristle beneath the hind femora, while the female is yellowish,
resembling /avrt, Fall., but the thorax is indistinctly striped and the
basal joints of the antennae are darker. It is possible this may be the
B. sciarina, Fall., of the " List."

106 . iMay-

I have seen specimens from JSTethy Bridi^e, Portlicawl, and near
Abergavenny (Col. Yerbury) ; Orl'ord and Coniston (Ven-all) ; Padstow,
(C. G. Lamb) ; and Orford and Aviemore (J. J. F. X. King), taken in
July and August.

9. Enijjis rujivenfris, Meig. A male of this species was taken by
Col. C. G. Nurse at Timworth (Suffolk), on June 3rd, 190G, and several
females were caught by the late Mr. Verrall and myself when on a visit
to Wormsley Park (Oxon.) on July 7th, 1909 ; they resemble the
females of 2)e)i}irpes, L., Init the lirst joint of the front tarsi is not
pennate above, and the hind tiljiie Jteneath are only pennate for half
their length.

10. Hihira (jiiadrifu ria, Strobl. Under this name I am ol)liged to
refer a species not uncommon in June at Wicken (Cambs.), while I
have also taken it at Frinton-on-Sea (Essex), and near Padstow
(Cornwall). It is allied to cornicula and hivittata, but the thorax is a
duller, browner black, and the bristly hairs beneath the hind femora
towards the tip are longer and more distinct.

11. Hilarafulvtbarha, Strobl. This species w^as described by Strol>l
from specimens found on the Spanish coast ; it has a brownish unstriped
thorax with quadriserial aci'ostichal bristles, large reddish-yellow palpi
clothed with yellow hairs and the pubescence on jowls, voxx and sides
of abdomen yellowish. It is not uncommon at Studland (Dorset) in
May and June, and has been taken by Col. Yerbury at Porthcawl
(Glamorgan) and l)y the late Mr. Verrall at Lyndhurst (Hants) and
Aldeburgh (Suffolk) . Another species of Hilara- — anglodanica, Lund-
beck — has been recently described (Vid. Medd. Foren., 1913, p. 32'>)
and attention called to its occurrence in England by its describer.

12. Syria iiqj/iDfera pallida, Lw. One specimen of this peculiar
genus of Empidx subf. Hemerodrawhur, was taken some years ago In'
Dr. D. Sharp in the New^ Forest, and is now in the Zoological Museum
at Cambridge. Through the kijidness of Mr. C. G. Lamb, who had
correctly identified the specimen. I liave been able to examine it, and
now, at his request, publish the record of its capture. It is a yellow
species with distinct venation, resembling that of Ardopfcra irrorafa,
but the subcostal vein is longer, the anal cell larger, and the wings
clearer.

{To be co7itinued).

1913.] 107

THE IDENTITY OF CULEX GENICULATUS, Olivier.

BY F. W. EDWARDS, B.A., F.E.S.

(Published by })ermission of the Trustees of the British Miiseiun.)

Culex geniculafus was described by Olivier in 1791 (Eiicycl.
Method., vi, p. 134) in the followinp; terms : —

" Culex thorace cinereo nigro lineato, pedibus fuscis, geiiiculis albis.

" II est de la graiideiir da Cousin comraun. Les antennes sont obsciires.
La trompe est noire, un peu phis longvie que la moitie dn coi-ps. La tete est
cendree. Le corcelet est cendre, avec deux lignes longitudinales noiratres,
presque reunis, au milieu du dos, et une autre courte de chaque cote. L'abdo-
men est obscur, avec le bord des anneaux blanchatre. Les pattes sont noiratres
avec la base des cuisses et le genoix l^lancs. Les ailes sont transparentes avec
les nervures et le bord interieur cilies.

" II se trouve aux envii'ons de Paris, dans les endroits humides."

In 1827, Kobinean-Desvoidy mentioned the species in his Essay
on the Cvlicidx ; he had not met with it himself, but he translated
Olivier' s description into Latin. It is worth noting that he placed it
next to Culex, lateralis, Mg., of which he also gave a Latin diagnosis.

After this no mention of the species under Olivier 's name occurs
in Entomological literature until 1896, when Ficalbi dealt with it
(Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., xxviii, p. 292), including it with his C. liortensis
in that division of the genus Culex, having the abdomen dorsally
banded, the light band coming behind the dark on each segment.
Why he placed it in this position is far from clear, but by so doing
he apparently led Blanchard (Les Moustiques, 1905, p. 367) to sink
C. liortensis as a synonym of C. (leniculatus.

The object of the present note is to suggest that there is no
connection between C. geniculafus and C. hortensis, but that C. geni-
culatits is really the species which was subsequently described by
Meigen as C lateralis (Syst. Beschr. i, p. 5, 1818). It will be noticed
that Olivier, in describing the abdomen, says it is " obscur, avec le
bord [not le bord posterieur] des anneaux blanchatre." In this sen-
tence the impression given is distinctly that the lateral rather than the
apical portion of each segment is whitish, at least the words will
easily bear this interpretation. Now there are but two North
European gnats having an abdomen coloured thus, Aedes cinereus
and OcMerotatus lateralis. The former need not be considered as
Olivier's description of the thorax of his insect will not apply to it.
0. lateralis, however, answers perfectly to the description ; specimens

108 [May-

in first-rate condition show very clearly the two long and two short
black lines (of scales) on the thorax, the ground colour of the thoracic
scaling being whitish-grey, and the head-scales of the same colour ;
the tips of the femora, too, are conspicuously white, even to the naked
eye, while the basal half of the hind femora is moi-e uniformly and
evidently whitish in this species than in any other British gnat.
Olivier's statement that his species is of the size of the common
gnat is true of 0. lateralis, though specimens are often found rather
larger than C. pijnens. C. Iwrtensis, however, is consistently and
considerably smaller than the average G. iripiens ; moreover, it seems
to be a purely Mediterranean species, having been recorded only from
Italy, Palestine, and Algeria.

The writer, therefore, considers that the evidence here ])rought
forward in favour of the view suggested is fairly conclusive, and the
following synonymy may be given for the species : —

OcHLEROTATUs GENicuLATUs (Olivier).

Culex qeniculatus, Olivier, Encycl. Moth., vi, p. j34 (1791).

Culex lateralis, Mg., Syst. Beschr., i, p. 5 (ISIS).

Culex guttatus, Curt., Bx-it. Ent., 537 (1835).

Culex ornatus, Van cler Wulp, Diptera Neerlandica, I, p. 237 (1877),

(nee Meigen).
Culex ornatiis, Verrall, List Brit. Dipt., p. 13 (1901).
Culex alhopunctatus, Kond., Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., iv, p. 31 (1872).
CuUcada lateralis, Theob., Mon. Cul., v, p. 310 (1910).
Ochlerotatus lateralis, Edvv., Bull. Ent. Res., ii, p. 250 (1911),

and Entomologist, xlv, pp. 194 and 220 (1912).
Ochlerotatus ornatus, Edw., Bull. Ent. Res., iii, p. 21 (1912).

Haliplus browncanus, nee. H. hrownci.— In my description of this species in
last month's number of this Magazine (anted, p. 75), I intended to write the
name *' browneanus," but by a pardonable misunderstanding it was printed
" broi'jnei." I selected the termination in accordance with the old convention
that when a species is merely in lionoiu- of a person the termination should be
" anus " or " ana." I did not know why the name I selected was chang'ed, and
under these circumstances I think the name of this insect should be hrow7iea7ms,
as the types are labelled in my collection. In the same communication I
mentioned " H. multiniaculatus" as anot]wr Haliplus that is probably a member
of our British fauna. This was a lapsus calami for " H. multipunctatus." I
recognised the error after I sent off the note, and intended to correct it -when
reading the proof, l)ut I had no opportunity of doing this. — D. Sharp, Brocken-
hurst: April Uth, 1913.

1913.] 109

Hydro2}orus hilineatus, Sturm, in England. — In 1903 the late Mr. Chitty
introduced this name to our Catalogue, b\it in Canon Fowler's new volume
Mr. Chitty's species is treated as )ieing H. hopffgarteni, Grerh., and considered to
be distinct from H. hilineatus, Sturm. In both these respects I believe Fowler
is quite correct, and, if so, it would appear that the latter must be erased from
our Catalogue. This, however, is not the case, as the specimens recorded from
Sheppey by Fowler as hopffgarteni are the true hilineatus, Sturm. Commander
Walker so determined them and sent me examples for verification and to be
recorded. It is another of the numei-ous interesting discoveries for which we
are indebted to this truly indefatigable entomologist. This species may be at
once distinguished by the long very definite line of yellow colour on each wing-
case, without reference to the more recondite characters of miniite structui-al
points. H. hopffgarteni is not noticed by Ganglbaiier or by Reitter in the recent
" Fauna Germanica." — D. Sharp: April 14<?i., 1913.

Supplementary note on Stenus oscillator. Rye. — Since my note on this insect
was written, antea, pp. 88-89, I have searched for further material amongst my
old duplicate Steni, and have come across various small S. tarsalis, with dark
apices to the palpi and antennae, so like S. oscillator that it is more than
probable that the latter will prove to be a small form of that variable species,
the type having the elytra a little shorter than usiial. Ganglbauer gives many
synonyms for S. tarsalis, including S. reconditus, Casey, from N. America, and
it is a much more variable species than many of us suppose, the selected series
in the collection of the British Museum, as well as that in my own cabinet,
giving but little idea of its actual range of variation. S. bifoveolatus, I find,
can always be separated from »S'. oscillator and S. tarsalis (apart from the
difference in the margining of the hind body) by the more slender tarsal claws,
and the finer and sparser puncturing of the hind body. The Killarney insect
recorded by me as 8. oscillator cannot be separated from small S. tarsalis. —
G. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking: April 10th, 191S.

Melanophila on rharred jjines. — Apropos of tlie occ\xrrence of Melanophila
acuminata, de G., on charred pines near Woking and in the New Forest during
recent years, the following extract from the April number of the " Entomo-
logical News," p. 169, on the habits of an allied North American form is of
special interest:

Melanophila notata. Lap. and Gory. " Only one specimen in six years. Then
on Jvme 27th, 1911, took 38 at blazing pine stump as they flew to our clothes or

rested on white ashes, or on some near-by wood June to August, 1912,

took more at burning pine and learn that natives call them ' fire-bugs,' believing
them to actually come from the fire, and to contain such heat as to burn the
skin should they rest on it. The insect is probably drawn by the scent of
burning pitch. As it alights on a black stump one would think its generic
name fitting to that habit as well as to its own colour, yet it as readily seeks
white ashes or a white shirt. Both forms of notata vary from 7 to 13 mm.
in length."

110 [^I'ly-

The above statement is taken from a paper by Mr. A. H. Mance, entitled
"Observations on Biqarestidie at Soiitliern Pines, X. Carolina." — CI. C. Champion.

A hint for coUectiiKj beetles in hard icooiZ.— Some time atjo I had some
portions of thick 1)onghs of, I think, a plum tree sent to me from Mr. Chittenden,
from Wisley, Surrey, containing Xylehorus dispar in some niimbei's, both males
and females. The wood was quite sound and hard except for the borings, and
I found it very difficidt to get the beetles out without damaging them. Happen-
ing to have some benzine at hand (with a slight admixture of carbolic acid, biit
this I think is immaterial), I brushed some lightly with a camel's hair brusli
over the holes, and the insects came out in a regular jjrocession. I have not
had the opportunity of trying this on a tree trunk, as I hope to do, but it seems
to me that it might have a very good result in obtaining such insects as Trijpo-
dendron, Colydium, etc. I know that Dr. Sharp found a small ti-ee in the New
Forest containing a number of the latter, and found great difKculty in getting
them out, and I have myself found it very hard to secure Trypodendron. In
many cases it may have the effect of making the beetles withdraw themselves
more deeply into their borings, but it is worth trying, and I should be very glad
to hear from any collectors who may make the trial if they meet with success.—
W. W. Fo\VL.ER, Barley Vicarage, Reading : April Mh, 1913.

Note on a table of the British species of Helophorus appearing in this Magazine
(Vol. XLIV, p. 218). —With regard to the table in question. Dr. Fowler [Coleopt.
Brit. Isl., Vol. VI, p. 29, note (1913)] says : " Ilr. Edwards' table is numbered at
the sides and does not fit at the end ; it should be 19 (34) and 20 (31) instead of
19 (31) and 20 (34)." The statement that it does not fit at the end is incorrect.
The table reads : —

19 (31) The longitudinal furrow on the head widened in front.

31 (19) The longitxxdinal furrow on the head not \videned in front.

20 (34) Thorax widest before the middle.
34 (20) Thorax widest in the middle.

Dr. Fowler says that it should read : —

19 (34) The longitudinal furrow on the head widened in front.
34 (19) Thorax widened in the middle.

20 (31) Thorax widest before the middle.

31 (20) The longitudinal furrow on the head not widened in front.
These alterations appear to have very little to recommend them. — J. Edwards,
Colesborne, Cheltenham: April Wth, 1913.

A hitherto unrecorded occurrence of Carabus cancellatus, III., in Britain. — In an
interleaved copy of Stephens' " Manual of British Coleoptera," once the property
of the Rev. W. Tylden, of Stanford, near Hythe, a specimen of this rare Carabus
is thus referred to : " A single example brought rne from Sandgate ; April,

i

1913.1

111

I860— foiuid by Mr. Daboulay in his father's garden." The Rev. W. Tylden,
who was (judging from his notes) well acquainted with Dawson and Eye, and
had frequent transactions with Brewer and Turner, was an occasional contri-
butor to this magazine in its early years, the last note from him, bearing date
April, 1873 (Ent. Mo. Mag., IX, 290). The " Mr. Daboulay " referred to may
possibly be the same as Du Boulay, after whom Mr. G. R. Waterhouse named
Articerus duhoulayi (Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. I, p. l-i9). Is it possible to trace this
specimen ?— E. G. Batford, 2, Rockingham Street, Barnsley : April, 1913.

The Entomology of an Opossum's nest. — So much good work has been done
during the past two or three years in investigating the Coleopterous fauna of
the nests of small mammals and birds, that the following extract from the
Adelaide (Australia) Observer of March 8th last, will probably prove of interest
to your readers : —

" An Opossum's Nest. — In jireparing opossimis in as lifelike surroundings
as possible for the new gallery, the Museum taxidermists found it desirable to
procure a hollow limb, and obtained one near Adelaide. On sawing it off the
limb was found to contain an opossvim's nest, with the opossum (Trichosurus
indpecula, L.) at home in it. On further examination the nest was found to be
swarming with insect life. Among these were noted thousands of larvae of a
small moth ; thousands of Acaridx, or mites, and Psoridfp, or book -lice ; two
kinds of tick, one a very peculiar sort ; several interesting beetles, one of
which is new to science ; and himdreds of a bvig in all its stages. This last-
named insect smells exactly like the bed-biig, but when matured is winged.
It appears, however, to have the same unpleasant habits, as most of the larvae
and some of the matiire specimens appeared to be gorged with blood. Seven
pupae of two kinds of flies were obtained, and many unidentified larvae of these
latter two are very curious, and they probably belong to one of the lace-
winged flies, of which some extremely beautiful species are known in South
Australia. It is hoped, therefore, to rear some of the larvae to the mature
forms. Probably many opossum nests are known, and the haul obtained from
the one examined has caused tha Museum officers to desire to examine other
nests ; consequently the Director would he glad of information as to any nests
within easy distance of Adelaide." — T. Hudson Beare, 10, Regent Terrace,
Edinburgh : Aiml 14th, 1913.

Andrena niveata, Friese, probably loronfjly recorded as British. — In his paper
"Die Bienenfauna von Westpreussen," Prof. J. D. Alfken records this species as
an immigrant from the Steppes-region, and in a correspondence with me con-
cerning the species of the minutula group, expressed his doubt as to the
probability of its occurrence in Britain. He has also been kind enough to send
me specimens of A. schenckella, Percz (= nana, Schenck, Schmiedn. nee Kirby)>
which entirely agree with British specimens supposed to be niveata, taken by
myself. One of these, sent to Saunders in 1899, was confirmed by him as
belonging to niveata. It is therefore very doubtful whether A. niveata is a
British species at all, as my specinaens, taken in such different localities as
Suffolk, Oxford and Devon are certainly to be referred to as A. schenckella.

It is almost certain that we have at least one other species of the mimitula

112 [M^y.

jrroiap in this country, these small bees exhibiting considerable sexual and
other variation, so that they are a difficult stud}'. I should be very pleased to
examine series of the various forms from different parts of the country, provided
they have locality labels with the date of ca^jture. — E. C. L. Perkins, Park
Hill House, Paignton, April Uth, 1918.

llie Wiiujless Geometer. — In liis criticism of my note in last month's
Magazine, Mr. Porritt has, I think, misxmderstood the gist of my remarks.
The suggestion I threw out was, that as disuse leads to the loss or deterioration of
an organ, so disuse must have been the cause that led to the wingless conditiciu of
certain insects, and that the cause of the disuse simply lay in a natural indisposi-
tion on the part of the insect to use its wings. That the notion is not a fanciful
one, and that a sluggish disposition does exist, we have evidence every day in the
lesser activity of one insect as compared with another, and by tlie greater
sluggishness in a general way of the female over the mal(>. But there are
many degrees of it, and whenever it threatens to become excessive to the
detriment of the species, natural selection steps in and wipes it out. On the
other hand when no disability ensues, but rather the reverse, the sluggish habit
gets more and more confirmed as one generation follows another, until by
constant repetition it becomes absolute and the desire to fly is completely lost.
Then, and only after a further lapse of time would degeneration begin to set
in. How long that might be it is impossible to say, but surely much longer
than the comparatively few years dviring which entomology has been studied,
and which Mr. Porritt believes sixfficient to bring about appreciable changes.*

The case of Coleophora inulse was merely given as an instance in a vei-y
striking degree of this sluggish disposition, but it was not meant to illustrate
the highest or absohite stage of it. Quite recently, and sonaewhere in the
interval between the draining of the original pond and its subsequent refilling,
the insect must have used its wings to reach the spot. Even had the locality
not been destroyed, I believe it would at some future time have left of its own
accord. Exceptional circumstances might be expected to arise, leading to an im-
usually large and vigorous brood, when under the excitement so connuonly
associated with crowds, either of men or animals, the whole colony would have
taken wing and migi-ated.

Mr. Porritt's experience with the Hy))ornias was a most interesting one. I
suppose that the weather was very favourable at the time and that there
had been a great and simultaneous hatching out just when Mr. Porritt came
across them. But it would have been still more interesting could he have told us
the condition of things a day or two later, and whether the females were still
on the tree trunks and the males at rest under the leaves. I should scarcely
expect they were ; biit rather that, pairing having taken place, the females
had moved up into the branches for better security, and the males, their
function over, had for the most part perished. Besides, however suitable dead

* When during the past thirty to fifty j'cara, we have seen altered external conditions for
enviro:iment entirely change the colour — we might almo.st say from white to black— in so many
species of Ltpidopti i-a ; it does not seem unreasonable that in a hundred years we should expect
to be able to detect at least some fractional difference in the size of abbreviated wings, if a process
of reduction were going on.— G. T. P.

1913.] 113

leaves lying exposed on the open grovind may be under favoiirable conditions
for temporary shelter, I much doiibt whether they are fitted for a more
permanent refuge. As winter advances they get beaten fiat by the rains, and
most of the time are wet and uncomfortable imderneath, however dry they
maj' be on top. — John H. Wood, Tarrington, Hereford : April, 1913.

Echinoplithirius pliocse, Lucas, in N. 3Iavine, Shetland. — On Dec. 20th, 1912,
on a young common seal {Phoca vitulina), killed at the head of Ronas Voe by
Mr. James Peterson, I discovered after much searching a small scattered colony
of E. phncv. These lice were firmly attached to their host in the thicker fur
across the shoulders. So deeply embedded were they that only the abdomen
appeared when the coarse overlaying hairs had been pushed aside. E. phocae is a
remarkably stout creature, holding most tenaciously to the siirf ace of attachment.
Like Ixodes it is best treated with oil before being pulled off, as in this way the
legs, head, and rostrum escape mvitilation. — James Waterston, The Manse,
Ollaberry, Shetland : April Uth, 1913.

Docophorus megacephalus, Denny, in Shetland. — This interesting species,
wliich has apiJarently never been recorded since its description (1842) from an
immature individual taken on Uria grylle, has dtu'ing the last three years
occiuTed to the writer plentifully on its original host in variovis localities in
Shetland. Dissection of the J indicates aiRnity with D. merguli, Denny,
rather than with D. celedoxus, N. The name megacephalus is happily chosen,
and the broad head is even more remarkable in the immature stages than in the
adult. Altliongh Denny's description leaves something to be desired and the
type is immature, there need be little hesitation in accepting the name he
proposed for the Docophorus infesting Uria grylle. No other Docophorus occiu's
regularly on this host, and the type in S. Kensington which Ave have seen is
sufficiently characteristic. — James Waterston.

%'

Transactions or the Carlisle Natural History Society, Vol. II.
1912.

This vohune does the greatest credit to the Carlisle Natural History Society,
for out of the eight papers contained in its 256 pages seven are directly connected
with its local fauna and flora. To the entomologist it is of exceptional interest,
as considerably the greater part of the volume is devoted to insects — 55 pages
to the Coleoptera, and 90 to the Lepidoptera. The former paper is by Mr. Frank
H. Day, F.E.S., and is a continuation of the first part of the List of the Coleoptera
of Cumberland which appeared in Vol. I. The other is by Mr. George B. Eout-
ledge, F.E.S., and also forms Part II of the Lepidoptera of Cumberland, the first
part having been devoted to the Butterflies. The present part includes the
Sphingidse, Sesiidse, Zygsenidse, Bombycidse, Notodontidse, and Noctuidse. Both
lists have evidently been carefully compiled, although as might be expected the
localities of, and the notes on, the Lepidoptera are much more voluminous than
in the case of the Coleoptera. The printing and " get up " of the volume leave
nothing to be desired.— Gr. T. P.

1 U [May,

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society: Meeting held at the
Eoyal Institution, Colquit Sti-eet, Liverpool, on Mo7iday, March llth, 191.3. —
Mr. F. N. Pierce, President, in the Chair.

Professor Eobert Newstead, F.E.S., M.Sc, of the Liverpool School of Tropical
Medicine, delivered a lecture entitled " The Bionomics and Morphology of some
Blood-sucking Flies." Mr. Newstead dealt in his usual lucid and thorough
manner with the life cycle of representative species of the genus Glossina, or
tsetse flies, which convey sleeping sickness to man and " ngana " to cattle, the
species incriminated being Glossina morsitans and G. jialpalis. The lecturer also
described Stomoxys calcitrans, a world-wide species and a common stable fly in
Great Britain, which is strongly suspected of being concerned in the transmission
of trypanosomes. A very interesting life-history was that of Simulnim, whose
larvee live in rapidly running shallow streams ; and, lastly, the minute midge,
Phlehotomus papatasii (fam. Psychodidx), found commonly on the Mediterranean
littoral and elsewhere in subtropical and tropical countries, which carries the
" three days " fever from sick to health}^ persons, was described Mr. Newstead,
having visited many different parts of the Avorld to investigate the life cycles of
these insects, and liaving himself discovered many important facts concerning
them, was able to give a vividness to his remarks that no mere book know-
ledge could have done. The lecture was illustrated by blackboard drawings
and microscope pi'eparations showing the structure and anatomical details
of the insects mentioned above. Further exhibits by Mr. Newstead were two
specimens of Glossina severina, Newst., a. new species recently recognised from
the Congo Free State, and a specimen of the very rare G. fuscipletiris, Austen,
also a wasp, Bemhexforripata, that has only recently been found to store its larva
cells with the tsetse fly ; this exhibit comjirised nine flics from a single cell
together with the wasp. The University collection of bloodsvicking flies was also
on view, containing practically all the known species and many types.
Mr. F. N. Pierce exhibited the genus Acidalia as at present arranged, and also
as it falls into two distinct groups when classified according to the genitalia.
Mr. C. E. Stott sent for exhibition a specimen of Thyreocoris scarab seoides, a
chalk-loving Hemipteron picked uj) on the shore at Blackpool — Wm. Mansbridoe,
Hon. Secretary.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, March ISth, 1913.— Mr. A. E. Tonge, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. A. E. Gibbs of St. Albans, Mr. Geo. Brooks and Mr. Gilbert Storey of
the British Mixseum (Nat. Hist.) were elected Members.

Mr. Tonge exhibited living hirv se oi Epunda lichenea and of Aplecta occulta.
Mr. Colthrup, some excellent photographs of well-known collecting localities and
of the resting positions of various species of the genera Tephrosia and Boarmia,
showing protective resemblance. Mr. C. B. Williams, larva of the snake-fly,
Bhaphidia notata, which has occurred not uncouiiiionly in pine stumps at Oxsliott ;
it fed readily on Aphides. Mr. Piatt Barrett, specimens of tlie true Thera
variata from the New Forest, where the larva' occurred on sjiruce. Mr. Brooks,
the larva of Geotrnpes stcrcorarius, townd umlcr a rubbish heap. Mr. A. E, Gibbs,

1913.] 115

the Satyrids and Hesperids taken by him in his trip to the Balkans in 1912, and
contributed notes on the occurrence and variation of the various species.
Mr. E. Adkin, a series of Tinea pallescentella and read a short paper on its history
as a British species, and discussed his experience in rearing it.

Thursday, March 21th, 1913. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. B. H. Smith gave two specimens of Phvyxus livornica to the Society's
collection. Mr. E. Adkin exhibited sevei'al specimens of Crymodes exulis from
Shetland and from Inverness-shire, to show the characteristics of the two races.
Mr. Colthrup, a further series of his photographs of insects at rest. Mr. A. E.
Gribbs, a number of Nymphalids, especially of the genera Argynnis and Melitxa,
taken l)y him in the Balkans in the siimmer of 1912, including Dryas pandora,
Ai'gynnis adippe ab. cleodoxa, Issoria lathonia, B.hecate, Chrysophami^s alciphron,
Melitsaa atrivia, M. athalia var. mehadiensis, and ab. navarina, Librjthea, celtis,
Neptis lucilla, Polygonia egea, etc. Mr. J. Piatt Barrett, a nximber of species of
Sicilian butterflies, including Melanargia japygia, M. pherusa, and var. pZesawra,
M. galaihea and vars. lucasi, procida, and syracusana, and discussed other allied
forms ; he also showed a series of Euchloe damone. Mr. W. J. Kaye, the pupa
of Lyceena avion, found by Mr. Percy Richards in 1908, in an ant's nest in a
frail cocoon. Mr. F. W. Frohawk, a form of Euchloe cardamines, in which the
discoidal spots of the forewings were considerably within the orange apical
area. — Ht. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, March oth, 1913. —
Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S., P.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

The following were elected Fellows of the Society: Miss Blanche A. Coney,
The Poplars, Pucklechurch, Glos. ; Messrs. Lachlan Gibb, 38, Blackheath Park,
Blackheath, S.E. ; Gerald F. Hill, Govt. Entomologist, Northern Territory,
South Australia, Port Darwin, N.T.S.A. ; Lowell Mason, 22 and 23, Club
Arcade, Durban, Natal.

It was announced that the Council had nominated Messrs. J. H. Durrant,
L. B. Prout, and C. 0. Waterhouse to act as the Representatives of the Society
on the National Committee on Nomenclature. The Council also recommended
the appointment of a permanent Nomenclatui'e Committee for the Society
itself, and suggested that it should consist of the three representatives of the
Society on the National Committee, the British Representative on the Inter-
national Committee, the Secretary of the Society, and two elected members ;
the Council also proposed the names of Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker and Dr. K.
Jordan as the elected members. No alternative was suggested, and the recom-
mendations of the Council were unanimously adopted. The present Committee
of the Society therefore consists of the following Fellows : Messrs. G. T.
Bethune-Baker, J. H. Durrant, C. J. Gahan, Dr. K. Jordan, Messrs. L. B. Prout,
CO. Waterhouse, and the Rev. G Wheeler.

The Hon. N. Charles Rothschild brought before the notice of the meeting
the Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves, and briefly outlined its
objects.

Mr. J. E. Collin, on behalf of Lt. -Colonel C. G. Nurse, exhibited three

K 2

116 [May,

specimens of a peculiar insect which Mr. G. C. Champion had identified as a
species of Myodites, a heteromeroixs Coleopteron, captured by Colonel Nurse at
Quetta (India) in 1902. Mr. O. E. Janson, specimens of a curious form of
Staphylinid beetle from South Brazil, apparently EcitoniorxAia aracluioides,
Wassni. Mr. L. B. Prout, a series of Larentia citrata, L., from Iceland, and
read explanatory notes. Dr. K. Jordan, a species of Eurytoma, an almond-
feeding Chalcid, together with its living pupa, which he had received for
identification from the Director of Agriculture in Cyprus, where the species
does extensive damage in the almond plantations. Mr. E,. Adkin, specimens of
Tinea paUescentella that he had reared in Janiiary last from larvse found
feeding in a bale of hare's hair received from Brandon, Suffolk, in the previous
November. Prof. Poidton, six examples of specimens lielonging to various
distasteful groups, exhibiting " disabling injuries."

Wednesday, March 19th, 1913. — The Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., Vice-
President, and afterwards Mr. J. H. Dubrant, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Messrs. Thomas Alfred Coward, F.Z.S., Brentwood, Bowdon, Cheshire;
Wm. H. Edwards, Natural History Dept., Birmingham Museum ; Lewis Gough,
Ph.D., Entomologist to the Govt, of Egypt, Dept. of Agriculture, Cairo ; John
Hewitt, B.A., Director of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Afi-ica ;
Carlos E. Porter, C.M.Z.S., Professor of Zoolog}% AgTicultural Institute, Saji-
tiago, Chile ; and Gilbert Storey, Entomological Eesearch Commission, Natural
History Museum, South Kensington, S.W., wei'e elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. C. B. Williams exhibited two larvse of Coniopteryx tinciformis, eight of
which were beaten from pines at Oxshott on the 16th inst. Mr. Donisthorpe,
various species of ants of the genus Eciton, the " Wander Ants," and gave
some account of their intei'estiug habits. He remarked that a number of
Myrmecophiles run with them on their wanderings. Mr. W. C. Crawley, a
few ants collected during September, 1909, in Pennsylvania and Cleveland,
Ohio, including Polyergus lucidus and Fovniica rubicimda, two of the slave-
makers with their slaves ; and some species collected with Dr. Forel in
Switzerland, Augiist, 1912, The Eev. F. D. Morice made the following
exhibits by means of the E^jidiascope : (1) Lantern-slides sliowing the pecti-
nated antennae of the (^ in the saw-flies Lophyrus j^iwi, L., and Monoctemis
juniperi, L., the latter new to Britain and not yet recorded. It was taken
pretty freely on juniper at Nethy Bridge in June, 1907, by Messrs. H. Scott
and C. G. Lamb. (2) Lantern-slides showing paradoxical (secondary sexual)
characters in the legs of numerous c? Aculeates (bees, wasps, and fossors).
(3) Microphotos of the apex of the ? "torebra" in Cimhex lutea, L., and
Cimhex femorata, L. (magnified 90 diameteis). (4) Entomological Congress
groups at Oxford and Tring (lantern-slides). Dvu'ing the course of this exhibit,
Dr. Chapman, at Mr. Morice's request, explained the manner in which he had
seen the wings of the $ Odynerus spinipes imprisoned between the tridentate
middle femora and excavated middle tibia; of the <? . Whilst the instrmuent
was in use a most interesting demonstration of its powers was given by Mr. F.
Bethell. A paper by Mr. H. Eltringham, M.A., F.L.S., " On the Scent- Apparatvis
of Amauris niavius, L.," was read by tlie author, the black-and-white drawings
by which it was illustrated being tiirown on the screen. — G.Wheeler, Hon. Sec.

117

NOTES ON LEPIDOPTEBA TROM GIBRALTAR AND THE
SURROUNDING COUNTRY.

BY CAPTAIN J. J. JACOBS, li.E. (rET"^), M. I. MECH. E., F.E.S.

Tlie following field notes on the LepidoiAera and other insects, of
which many species have previously Ijeen recoi'ded from the district
observed and collected l)y me dviring the time I was stationed at
Gibraltar, from the end of 1909 until June, 1912, may I trust, be of
some little assistance to future collectors and students of Natural
History, who I feel sure will add still more to our knowledge of the
insect fauna of the above-named region.

As Tangier (Marocco) is only 30 miles from Griljraltar, and is
easily accessible three times a week by steamer, I have embodied my
experience of that district in these notes. Flying visits were also
made to Malaga and Granada, but only about 30 specimens in
all were taken by me at both localities. At the latter place, liow-
ever, Messrs. G. 0. Sloper and A. H. Jones, Avhose acquaintance
I had the pleasure of making in Gibraltar, met with a considerable
number of Illiopalocera. My efforts were mostly confined to Gibraltar
itself and the Spanish country to the north, as far as the summit of
the Sierra Carbonera ; to the north-west as far as the celebrated Cork
Woods near Almoraima Station, and to the west as far as the Water-
falls beyond Algeciras ; also occasionally to the south-west as far as
Cape Spartel (Marocco), and on one occasion to Tarifa (Spain).

I found the Spanish people around Gibraltar very hospitable, the
doors of their " Casas " were always open, and they were ever ready to
render what assistance they could. The offer of " un muchacho " (a
boy) to carry our bags, in the hot weather, was always acceptable to
" Los caballeros de las mariposas y palomas " (the gentlemen of the
butterflies and moths), as we were named by them.

As compai'ed with Britain, collecting Lepidoptera in this region
during one's spare time is, on the whole, much slower work than one
would expect, but is full of surprises and mterest. The cjuantity and
variety of insects of other oi-ders one sometimes sees, is amazing.
The large conspicuous ant-lion, PaJpares lihelluloides, L., with wings
marked like tortoise-shell, is often plentiful in the vicinity of corn
fields. Nemopfera hipennis, 111., like miniature aeroplanes, disport
themselves over herbage in waste places. Bees and wasps, conspicuous
amongst which are the large and beautiful Scolia flavi/rons, Fab.,
and 8. bidens, Linn., are seen in great variety, and most flowering

] 18 [May,

plants are tenanted by myriads of brightly coloured beetles of various
species during the spring and early summer months. The " Praying
Mantis " (Mantis religiosa, L.) is a common insect on both sides
of the Straits of Gibraltar. The female is capable of giving a
very peevish nip with its powerful mandibles when picked up with
the lingers. This is not to be wondered at when it is known that
one of her duties in life is to kill and devour her husband on the
very first day of their honeymoon. The ludicroiis shape of her large
body, with long thin neck, reminded my companion of the pictorial
advertisement of a bottle of ale with arms and legs, when he saw one,
for the first time, perched on the edge of his net.

Birds are apparently not very numerous individually, although
there are many different species (c/. Col. Irby's " Ornithology of the
Straits of G-ibraltar.") The most conspicuous I have noticed are the
hoopoe, the golden oriole, the blackbird, several eagles and hawks, an
occasional heron flying overhead, and flocks of goldfinches, but I have
been too intent on insect life to notice many of the birds that were
probably not far away from my hvuiting grounds. Reptiles, especially
lizards, swarm everywhere, which may account for the comparative
scarcity of Lepidoptera and birds. Snakes are plentiful, but are mostly
of harmless species. One snake, however, not unlike the British " slow-
worm " in appearance, is poisonous. It is locally known as the " vibora ''
(viperj or asp. iVmong the noxious creatui'es are centipedes, scorpions,
and tai-antula spiders, but none of them appear to do much harm,
because, I suppose, they are left severely alone. This is not so easy
with the mosquitos : these bloodthirsty insects abound everywhere
during the warm weather, Ibut are not as troublesome in Gibraltar as
formerly, owing to the vigorous measures taken by the sanitary
authorities for their suppression. Frogs, of several species, also
swarm ; every stone, above water in a running brook or " arroyo,"
is the resting place of one or more of these amphibians, and their
chorus of dismal croaking is sometimes the only sound heard for miles.
A pretty green frog is often seen clinging to bushes or reeds in
swampy places.

In Gibraltar there were two species of " geckos," one putty-coloiu-ed,
the other a pretty shade of olive-green with darker markings, which
shared with me the honours of collecting moths on the electric lamps.
All along the Europa main road there was scarcely a lamp-post which
had not its accompanying sentinel near the light. These reptiles are
numerous in the district ; one species is mainly pink in colour, and

1913]. 119

the beautiful large green species, Lacerta ocellata, L., I have seen
in the Cork Woods, quite two feet in length ; the noise made bv one
of them, when rushing through the undergrowth, gives the impression
of a much larger creature.

It is, I think, well known that Giliraltar is the only spot in
Europe where monkeys, Macacits inuus, L., can be seen in a wild
state. It is no uncommon thing to find one, or more, of these animals
crossing your path when ascending the Rock. In the winter, when
food is scarce on the upper Rock, they come down to the town to pick
up what they can get. We have, on sevei'al occasions, been honoured
by visits from them on our verandah, and even in my dressing-room,
where they generally managed to purloin something portable, such as
a shaving brush, etc. Experiments have been made, I understand, to
introduce them into Spanish territory, near Gribraltar, but without
success ; they all die off soon after being taken over.

It is weirdly interesting when wandering amidst strange surround-
ings, with the rays of the hot southe2*n sun pouring down, to suddenly
come upon old British friends, in the shape of Pi/raineis ata/anta, L.,
P. cardui, L., Pararge megeera, L., Lycxna bellargus, Rott., Plnsia
gamma, L., Aspilates ochrearia, Rossi, Acidalia ornata, Scop., Anaitis
plagiata, L., or Etirycreon palealis, Schiif., whilst such insects on the
British list as Pierfs daplidice,!^., Deilephilalivornica, Esp., D. celerio,
L., Deioj)eia 2)ylcTiella,Jj., Sterrha sacraria, L.,and Margarodes niiionalis,
Hb., of which one would be lucky to take a specimen in a lifetime at
home, are here amongst the most plentiful of insects, and can nearly
always be had for the netting.

Larva-hunting did not, as a rule, yield many specimens. An
occasional LaMocampa trifolii, Esp., was found on various bushes, and
the conspicuous BeilephUa euphorbia, L., on spurge. The handsome
larva of Saturnia pyrl, L., of which I obtained enough to breed a
short series, was found on fruit ti'ees. A brown variety of the larva
of Acherontia atropos, L., produced a fine normal $ imago. On one
occasion, whilst working the lower slopes of the Sierra Carbonera, a
curious green flower-like object arrested my attention, which on closer
examination, proved to be five larvas of an Arctiid species ranged
round the top of a stalk of coarse grass. They were attached by their
claspers and prolegs only, the thoracic portion of each stood above the
grass and was cuiTed inwards in the form of a note of interrogation,
each pointing towards the centre, and remaining perfectly still as if it
were part of the plant. This was evidently a case of mimicry for

•[20 May. li'lS.

mutual ])rotoetiou. The larvie were superficially rather like those of
A. caja, Jj., Init with uuiformly greeu hairs. Uufortuuately they died
in confinement before assuming the pupa stage. I diligently searc-hed
the vicinity for other specimens of the larva or of the imago, but
without success.

It was my good fortune on one occasion (June 10th, 1911), in
company with my friend, Lieut. G. M Lovell, to witness a monster
gathering of larva? of the " Gripsy motli," Onteria diftuar, L. At the
southern border of the Cork "Woods, near San Roque, we came upon a
tree standing apart, in the middle of three cross tracks. The tree
girthed about 7 or 8 feet, and was completely covered, apparently
several layers deep, with a moving mass composed of countless
thousands of catei'pillars, whilst for a distance of about 3 or 4 feet
from the base the ground was carpeted with heaps of those that had
fallen in the struggle for a foothold on the trunk. The surrounding
trees were covered to a lesser extent, but it appeared marvellous to me
how any of them could manage to make their loosely-netted cocoon in
the chinks of the bark and pupate successfully, with so many of their
fellows continually passing over and around them. Quantities of the
larvae fell on us from the branches overhead, and many of them
evidently mistook the space between oixr collars and our necks for
crevices in the lia)'k of the trees, much to our discomfiture.

In company with 0. dispar, and moving uj) the trunks for the
same purpose, were a few larvse of Onjyia trigotephras, Bdv. Some
of these I captured and successfully bred out, at home. It was
interesting to note that the cocoon of the (J 0. trigotephras is quite
different from that of the $ , the former being of looser construction
and nearly transparent, whilst the latter is quite oj^aque, of tough
texture, and with a neat little hole left in the anal end. I further
noticed that the shapeless little bag of eggs which repi'esents the $
moth, never leaves the cocoon from the date of her emergence until
she dies of old age. She apj)arently never knows the taste of food,
nor takes nourishment of any kind. Copulation takes place through
the hole left iu the cocoon, and in due course the ova are deposited
therein, all around the anal part of her body, and in the space
between it and the small hole in the cocoon, so that when the
mass of ova is taken out for examination, it is roughly cup-shaped.
The eggs are carefully packed with loose hairs from her body
between each layer. I counted 60 eggs in the mass I examined.
Apparently the young larvte, when hatched, crawl through the hole in

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CONTENTS. PAGE

A list of butterflies collected during the last ten years in British East Africa

(continued). — Rev. K. St. Aubi/n liogers, F.K.S 97

Philonthus scoticus, sp. nov. : a beetle new to Britain. — N. H. Joy, M.R.C.S.,

F.E.S., and J. E. le £. Tomliii, M.A., F.E.S 100

Description of a new species of Actobius. — Z>. <SAar;>, M.A., F.R.S 101

On the genus Cacodraus. — Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, M.A., F.L.S 102

Aspidiotus bavaricus, Ldgr. : a scale-insect new to the British list. — Dr. Leon-

hai'd Lindinger 103

Thirty additions to the list of British Piptera 104

The identity of Culex geniculatus, Olivier.— i^. W. Edwards, B.A., F.E.S. ... 107

Haliplus browneanus, nee H. brownei. — D. Sharp, M. A., F.R.S 108

Hydroporus bilineatus, Sturm, in England. — Id. 109

Supplementary note on Stenus oscillator, Kyc—C C. Champion, F.Z.S 1C9

Melanophila on charred pines. — Id 109

A hint fpi'ifellecting beetles in hard wood. — Rev. W. W. Foivler, B.Sc, M.A.,

F.L.S 109

Note on a table of the British species of Helophorus appearing in this Maga-
zine (Vol. XLIV, p. 218)- James Edioards, F.E.S 110

A hitherto unrecorded occurrence of Carabus cancellatus, 111., in Britain. —

E. O. Bayford, F.E.S 110

The Entomology of an opossum's nest. — Pro/". T. Hudson Beare, B.Sc,

F.R.S. E., F.E.S Ill

Andrena niveata, Friese, probably wrongly recorded as British. — R. C. L.

Perkixs, D.Sc , F.E.S ^ ill

The Wingless Geometer.— JoArt S. Wood, M.B 112

Echinophthirius phocae, Lucas, in N. Mavine, Shetland.— iZcr. J. Waterston,

B.D 113

Docophorus megacephalus, Denny, in Shetland. — Id 113

Eetiew. — Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society, Vol. II. 1912. 113

Societies — Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 114

South London Entomological Society 114

Entomological Society of London 115

Notes on Lepidoptera from Gibraltar and the surrounding country. — Capt.

J. J. Jacobs, R.E. (Retd.) M. I. Mech. E., F.E.S 117

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June, 1913.] 121

the cocoon to the outer world in search of food, but I had uo opportu-
nity of carrying my observations any further.

I searched Betama bushes in several localities for the beautiful
larvse of Spintherops spectrum, F., but without success ; neither did I
meet with the imago. The lai-v£c of Pluna chalcites, Esp., appeared
regularly each season in small numbers on plants growing in pots on
the verandah of my house, so that I was able to breed a series of this
insect. A full-fed larva of Sphinx convolvuli, L., was picked up in our
" patio," but it died before pupation. It was probably injm-ed by
falling from a high wall on which its food-plant grew (a species of
Convohmlus locally known as " Morning Grlory "), or it may have been
dropped there by a blackbird, which had its nest in a palm tree
close by.

It is interesting to note how, in some cases, Lepidoytera vary as
regards comparative abundance in a district, in the course of 24 years ;
thus when my friend Commander J. J. Walker collected Lepidoptera
in this region diu-ing 1886-9, he recorded in a paper which I found
of the greatest assistance (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, pp. 361-391),
that Hesperia nostradamus, ¥., was common in the district, and that
Abraxas pantaria, L., was exceedingly abundant in Gibraltar. Now I
do not think I am wrong in stating that both have disappeared from
Gibraltar itself, or have become extremely rare, both there and in the
adjoining district. After diligently searching for both these insects
for two seasons, I met with the former in very small numbers near
Tangier on September 11th, 1911, and have since seen two, and taken
one specimen at the foot of the Sierra Carbonera. The latter insect
{A. pantaria) I came upon quite by accident in the Cork Woods on
August 5th, 1911, and after beating and searching among a number of
ash trees arotmd the spot wdiere the first was taken, could knock out
only 6 specimens, since when I have seen and taken only one specimen
in Gibraltar, at light. Melitfea aurinia, Eott., var. desfontainii, Godt.,
is another species which has entirely disappeared from Gibraltar. I
however, took M. aurinia var. iberica, Obth., on June 8th, 1912, just
before leaving for England. Colonel F. J. Augell, A.D.O.S., had
taken them in the same spot about the end of May. On the other
hand some insects which apparently did not occur in Gibraltar, or
were very rare there, are now found plentifully, but locally, such as
Euchloe tagis, E., and Hesperia actxon, E., whilst Acidalia imitaria,
Hiibn., is to be taken, at light all over the Rock. It is difficult to
understand the reason of these changes. In this interval, the

L

1 22 [June,

habits of some species have not altered in the least degree ; thus
Satyr us fidia, L., comes down in numbers from the upper slopes of
the Eoek at about 3 p.m., when the Europa main road is watered,
just as it did 24 years ago, but apparently a month later in the season.
Also Euchloe euphenoid,es, Stand., although plentiful on the Spanish
side of the Straits, has failed to establish itself on the African side,
whilst its near relative, E. eupheno, L., keeps to the African side, never
being seen in Spain. Many species, of course, are common to both
sides of the Straits.

I would warn any intending collectors in this region, if they go to
the vicinity of the Cork Woods during the spring time, or rutting
season, to ascertain whether there are any stray " Toros bravos,"
or savage bulls, roaming at large ; unless, indeed, they are armed
with something more formidable than the stick of a butterfly net.
Three companions and myself had a rather unpleasant experience
there on April 21st, 1912. We came upon a clearing in the woods at
one end, with three massive wild bulls suddenly confronting us at the
other. We found out afterwards that these had escaped from the
main herd of fighters, specially bred for the bull-ring, and had done
some damage during the few days preceding our visit. These bulls,
evidently thinking they had a better right to the woods than we had,
and probably taking the waving about of our nets as a challenge,
charged down upon us with heads lowered and tails erect. We,
fortunately, were able to dodge them behind trees, owing to the fact,
I am told, that these creatures close their eyes when charging, and we
eventually got away safely after doing a record sprint over two hills
and across country, so as to be well out of the sight of the long-homed
bi'utes. Unfortunately, the trees thereabouts ai'e unclimable, the
trunks being too large to clasp, and the lower branches are cut off to
improve the cork. Later in the day we had a similar experience with
two more bulls of a so-called " domesticated " breed.

If you happen to go to Tangier during the Mohammedan month of
" Ramadan," it is as well to be patient with the natives, for during
this time they are compelled to abstain from food, drink, and smoking
vmtil the middle of the night, when eating, etc., takes the place of
sleeping. This discipline makes them very surly and disobliging, and
one is naturally likely to resent such behaviour by rough words or
impatient gestures. The first time I stayed in Tangier was during
" Ramadan," in September, 1910, when my friend Lieut. Lovell, A.S.C.,
and I went tiiere to try for Charaxes jasius. Wanting some rotten
figs for bait, we went to a fruit stall in the Sok (Market) and asked

1913.] 123

the Moor iu cliarge in bad Spanish and worse Arabic for the rotten
figs we wanted. He would persist in understanding that we con-
demned his figs as rotten ones and resented the accusation very
strongly. The argument increased in force until the air was humming
with strong language, What would have happened next I do not
know, but fortunately at this juncture a resident English friend came
upon the scene, explained matters, and all ended happily.

The Moors, although disliking Christians and Europeans generally,
are very fond of, and resj^ect, the English, and I have had very pleasant
experiences in Northern Marocco in company with my friends, Lieut.
Lovell and Seiior Lorenzo Baglietto. We failed altogether to make
the Moors understand the object of collecting insects ; they could not
see why a sane ])erson should go to all the trouble of catching
" Fartetose " (the phonetic spelling of the local Arabic for bu.tterflies)
which could not be made use of for eating purposes.

Of the various methods of obtaining specimens of the imago,
such as netting on the wing, sugaring, beating herbage, examining
flowers, ivy-hunting, and collecting at light, my experience in this
region is that only the first and last-named hold out much chance of
success. Ivy is very luxuriant in some localities, producing most
promising-looking blooms, the very sight of which would, if such a
thing were possible, excite envy in the breast of any British moth ; but
here it has very little attraction for insects of any kind, either by day
or night. 1 have visited and examined it at all times, and except for
an occasional Agrotis saucia, Hb., A. segetmn, Schiff, or other common
Nocf'ux, have not seen anything on it worthy of note. Sugaring trees,
rocks, and growing shrubs at various times in the year, both at
Gribraltar and in the Cork Woods, has met with but little success. I
have only taken three specimens of Grammodes algira, L., one Catocala
elocata, E., in indifferent condition, a few Bryophila miiralis, and one
or two Gracilipalims ephialtes, Hb., by this method iu 2| years. The
cause of failure, I think, is not so much, that the sugar fails to attract,
but is due to the presence of vast numbers of ants, sometimes wood-
lice, with an occasional huge centipede or a lizard. The ants attack the
patches of sugar directly they are put on, and I think drive the well-
disposed moths away ; indeed, there would be no foothold near the
sugar except on the backs of these swarming pirates. We tried to
circumvent the ants by stretching lengths of strong fine twine between
the trees from which we suspended rags steeped in sugar. This was
pretty successful until the ants found their way up the trees and along
the branches and cord to the bait.

L 2

124 [•'""•=•

As regards the means of getting about in this region, there are
steamers several times a day across the Bay to and from Gibraltar
and Algeciras, whence convenient trains run through the Cork
Woods, with stations at San Roque, Ahnoraima, and Castellar.
When you require to worlc the country around Campamento and
the Sierra Carbonera, you can drive from Clibraltar, across Ihe
Neutral Ground, to the Spanish Boundary at Linea, after which the
joui'ney must be done on donkeys or on foot. We tried taking our
horses out in districts where there was no other means of conveyance,
but soon found it unworkable, one has to dismount so often, or lose
the insects seen ; and unless there is a " Fonda " handy at the end of
the journey, it is difficult to know what to do with the animals. Then
again, riding home with the captures is not conducive to keeping the
specimens in good condition, as the movement causes them to flutter
about in the boxes, so we found it better to leave our horses to be
exercised at home and to do the journey on foot. At Tangier we Im-ed
Moorish donkeys, which were found very useful. Your bags are liable
to l)e searched for contraband by the Spanish Customs officials at
Algeciras and Linea, and by the French at Tangier.

Day-flying species may, as a rule, be successfully pursued during
the greater part of the year, but the T)est months are from the end of
February to the middle of July. The end of October and November
is the time for Ghcerocampa celerio, L., which comes to " Morning
Glory " flowers as the sun is going down. The most productive months
for collecting night-fliers at light, I have found to be September,
October, and part of November.

In addition to a paper entitled " Two Months among the Buttei'flies
in Southern Spain," by Albert H. Jones, F.E.S., which appeared in
Entom. Eecord, Vol. xxiii, pp. 261-263 and 294-298 (1911), and the
pa])er by Commander J. J. Walker before alluded to, I have recently
seen another excellent paj^er by the same author (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
Vol. xxiv, pp. 175-184), also the Appendix to Col. Irby's " Ornithology
of the Straits of Gibraltar," Edition II (1895), and find tliat out of
the 320 species of Lepidnjitera enumerated in this paper, apparently
more than 160 have not previously been recorded from the district.
These include a new al)erration of Acidalia eugeniata, Mill., two
Noctux, one or both of which may eventually prove to be new species
(shown in list against numbers 1988 and 2010), a new Crambus
(apparently), three exotic species, and a new Geometer (Acidalia
hispunaria, Pving), taken at Granada, presumably by a German

1913]. 125

collector, at about the same time as I met with it at Gribraltai*. I am
able also to give a few new localities, times of appearance, and varietal
names, of certain species which have already been recorded.

I am indebted to Mr. J. H. Durrant and to Mr. L. B. Front, also
to Commander J. J . Walker, for kind assistance in identifying many
of the more difficult species. My thanks are no less due to Sir Gr. F.
Hampson, Bart., for facilities and kind assistance given at the Natural
History Museum.

Eighteen species, chiefly Bliopolocera and Zyijivnidtv, taken by
Mr. Gr. 0. Sloper at Grranada, who kindly presented me with specimens
at Gibraltar, are included in the list. During my stay in G-ibraltar
I also took about 180 species of insects of other Orders, spiders, &c. ;
lists of some of these appear at the end of this paper, through the kind
assistance of several well-known entomologists.

{To he continued).

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF TACH7S.
BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

Tachys (Tachyura) walkerianus, s^j. n.

Nigerrimns, pernitidiis, antennis piceo-nigris (articulo hasali plus minusve
dilutiore), fenioribus piceo-testaceis, tibiis tarsisque sordide testaceis ; sat
depressus ; thorace fortiter transversa ; elytris quinque-striatis, striis fortiter
punctatis. Long. corp. 2-2^ mm.

Allied to T. parvulus, but more robust, less depressed, with a
broader, more transverse thorax, darker antennae, palpi and legs, and
with more deep and strongly punctured striatiou of the elytra. The
two species are extremely easy to distinguish, and the characters of
T. ivallieriamcs are almost invariable in a large series of specimens,
except that when immature the legs and base of the antennae are a little
lighter in colour.

I found three examples of this species here in the spring of last
year and thought they would prove to be the rare T. parvulus ; with
my daughter to help me we have secured a very fine series this year,
proving the insect to be quite distinct. I believe Tachys parvuhis has
been recorded as occurring in the New Forest, but I anticipate the
specimens will prove to be T. waTkerianus.

The insect is found in wet moss by the side of a little stream, in
company with Actohius ytenensis, Ghsetocnema arida, and a nondescript
Homalota allied to H. exilis. The larvae of a large Microdon occurred
in the same moss, no doubt in connection with Myrmica which was also
abundant.

126 [June,

I have very great pleasure in uamiiig this insect in liononr of
Commander J. J. Walker, M.A., to whom I, in common with many
other entomologists, am indebted for much land assistance, extending
over a long period of years.

Brockenhvirst :

April ^Oth, 1913.

TRACHYPHL(EUS DIGITALIS, Gyll., AN ADDITION TO THE
BRITISH LIST OF COLEOPTERA.

BY E. A. NEWBERY.

Some time ago I sent a specimen of a Trachyphlcetis to Capt. Deville
which I was imable to reconcile with any known British species. He
was inclined to think that it was T. digitalis, Gyll., hut this insect
having hitherto been foiuid only in Sweden, Kussia and Sardinia, he
desired to see other specimens before giving a more decided opinion.
Owing to the kindness of Commander Walker and Mr. J. H. Keys, I
was fortunately able to send him half a dozen more examples, and he
has now no doubt of the correctness of his former determination.

T. digitalis comes in the group with special spines at apex of
anterior tibia.-, or produced and digitate at apex. This group includes
five British species all easily sejjarable f rom T. digitalis exce\)t T. spini-
mamis. Seidlitz (Fauna Transs., 1891, p. 653) gives the following
characters to separate these two species : —

Outer teeth of the front tibiae placed higher than the inner ; thorax less con-
tracted at base than at apex ; elytra distinctly longer than broad, obsoletely
striate, scantily furnished with scarcely clubbed bristles. Length 2.-2.5 mm.

...T. spinimanus. Germ.
Outer tooth of the front tibiae not placed higher than the inner ; tliorax almost
as strongly contracted at base as at apex ; elytra very little longer than
broad, distinctly striate, set with strongly clubbed scale-formed bristles.
Length 2 — 2.5 mm T. digitalis, Gyll.

These two species are very difficult to separate and are probably
mixed in British collections. Herr Formanek (Bestim. Tab., LXI,
133, 1907) omits the character of the position of the tibial teeth given
by Seidlitz, nor does it appear to be of any value. He agrees in the
main with Seidlitz, and further states that " T. digitalis has the elytra
very bluntly rounded at apex, and viewed from above appear almost
quadrate." In tlie nine or ten specimens I liave seen, the In-istles are
very scanty and extremely short, and the elytral stria? and granulations
of thorax are very seldom obscured by the crust which is almost always

1913.] 127

present in T. s'pinimanus. The average size is also less tlian that of the
latter species.

With the exception of a single example taken by Mr. E. W. Morse
at Boston, Lines., all the specimens of T. digital is theit I have seen were
taken on the right bank of the Medway by Commander Walker by
grubbing at the roots of Helianthemuin imd Lotus on dry chalky banks,
and occurring in company with several other species of the genus.

13, Oppidans Eoad, N.W. :
April 22nd, 1913.

A LIST OF BUTTERFLIES COLLECTED DURING THE LAST TEN
YEARS IN BRITISH EAST AFRICA (concluded.)

BY THE REV. K. ST. AUBYN EGGEKS, F.E.S.

285. — Papilio dardanus. Brown. — I have found this everywhere except in North

Kikuyu and Kenia. At Nairobi a great number of the female forms
occur.

286. — Papilio echerioides, Trim. Taita, Taveta, Kikuyu. Not common usually.

It is more plentiful at Nairobi than elsewhere.

287. — Papilio jacksoni, Sharpe. South Kikuyu. I have sometimes fovmd this
abundant at Kijabe.

288. — Papilio constantinus, Ward. Coast district, Taita, Taveta. By no means
uncommon in forests, especially in the Coast hills.

289. — Papilio mackinnoni, Sharpe. Kikuyu. Common in forests.

290. — Papilio phorcas, Cram. Common in the forests of Kikuyu.

291. — Papilio nireus, Linn. Common generally in forests.

292.— Papilio broniius, Doubl. Taita, Kikuyu. Not uncommon in forests above.
5000 ft. Like many other swallowtails it is partial to wet miid.

293. — Papilio demodocus, Esper. Ubiquitous.

294. — Papilio ophidicephalus, Oberth. Widely distributed in forests. Its flight
is very lofty and irregular, so that its capture is always difficult.

295. — Papilio angolanus, Goeze. This is a common species generally.

296. — Papilio philonoe, Ward. Common in the Coast hills.

297. — Papilio leonidas, Fabr. Common generally.

298.— Pajjilio antheus, Cram. Coast hills, Taita. Often occurs in the Coast

district in some abundance, especially at the beginning of the wot

season.

299. —Papilio policenes. Cram. Widely distributed and not uncommon
the country is suitable.

128 [June,

300. — Papilio porthaon. Hew. Not uncommon in the Coast district.

^01.— Papilio colonna. Ward. Coast liills, Taita. This is generally the
commoner of the group in the Coast hills.

302. — Papilio slsenna, Mab. Coast hills. Not common. It looks like P. colonna

on the wing.
303. — Papilio kirhyi, Hew. Coast hills. This, is also not a common species.

304. — Sarangesa djielselx, Wallgr. Taita, Nairobi, Ukambani. This seems to
be a common species.

305. — Sarangesa lugens, Rogen. North and South Kikuyu. This is also
common, but is found at gi-eater elevations than the preceding.

306. — Sarangesa niotozi, Wallgr. Generally common.

307. — Sarangesa eliminata, Holl. Taita, Taveta, Kikuyu. Very abundant
at Taveta.

308. — CelsenorrMnus galenus, Pabr. Coast district, Taita, Taveta. Not
generally common.

309. — Celsenorrhinus hettini, Butl. One specimen from Nairobi.

310. — Tagiades flesus, Fabr. A common species in the Coast district where there
are any trees.

311. — Eagris nottoana, Wallgr. I have taken a few of this species at Rabai.

312. — Eagris phyllophila, Trim. Coast district. By no means common.

313. — Eagris plicata, Butl. Taita, Taveta, Kikuyu. This is usually common.

314. — Eagris ochreana. Lathy. Taita. Doubtfully distinct from the preceding.

315. — Caprona pillaana, Wallgr. Coast district, Taveta. I have found this
but rarely.

316. — Caprona canopus, Trim. This seems to occur nearly everywhere, but is
not usually common.

317. — Hesperia spio, Linn.

318. — Hesperia machakosa, Butl.

319. — Hesperia dromus, Ploetz,

These species resemble one another very closely and are not easy
to dilferentiiite. They occur fairly commonly in most places.

320. — Hesperia sataspes, Trim. Coast district. This is not very common.

321. — Carcharodus elma. Trim. Generally distributed and usually common.

322. — Abantis tettensis, Hopff, Taveta. I took this in some numbers when I was
at Taveta.

323. — Abantis paradisea, Butl. Widely distributed, but I have never found it
at all common.

324. — Abantis venosa. Trim. I captured a single specimen near Kaya Kaiima
in the Coast liills some years ago, but I have not met with it again.

1913.] 120

32o. —Abantis levuhu, Wallofr. Taveta. Not uncommon. It bears some re-
semblance to Belenois lyiesentina when settled in its nsiial position with
wino's half raised, but its flight is much more rapid.

326. — Acleros inackenii. Trim. Taveta. Common.

327. — Acleros placidiis, Ploetz. Common generally.

328. — Acleros olmis, Ploetz. One or two of my si>eciniens from Rabai have
been identified as belonging to this species.

329. — Gorgyra johnstoni, Butl.

330. — Gorgyra minima, Holl.

These two species are not uncommon in the Coast district.

331. — Parosmodes morantii. Trim. Coast district, Taveta. Not uncommon.

332. — Parosmodes icteria, Mab. Abundant in woods in the Coast district.

333. — Parosmodes numa, Druce. One specimen at Rabai.

334. — Cyclopldes metis, Linn. Taita, Kikuyu. This is a veiy variable species
and is fairly common.

335. — Cyclopides quadrisignatus, Butl. Kikuyu. Not uncommon.

33(i. — -Cyclopides midas, Butl. Kikuyu. This also is not uncommon.

337. — Cyclopides stellata, Mab. Coast district. A common species.

338. — Kedestes rogersi, Drace. Taveta, Masongaleni. I have not met with this
commonly.

339. — Kedestes capenas. Hew. Common in the Coast district.

340. — Kedestes callides, Hew. 1 have received one specimen from Masongaleni.

S'il.— Kedestes wallengreni. Trim. Coast district. Ukambani. Not common.

342. — Gegenes nostrodamus, Fabr. A specimen fi-om Mombasa has been identi-
fied as belonging to this Palearctic species.

343. — Gegenes letterstedti, Wallgr. Taita, Kikuyu. This is generally abundant
when it is found.

344. — Padraona zeno. Trim. Taita, Kikuyu. Another common species.

345. — Chapra mathias, Fabr. Ubiquitoiis.

346. — Parnara detecta. Trim. Coast district. Common.

347. — Parnara micans, Holl. Coast hills. Taita, N. Kikiiyu. Not generally
common.

348. — Parnara suhochracea, Holl. Coast district. I believe this is not un-
common.

349. — Baoris lugens, Hopff. Common in the Coast district.

350. — Baoris maranga, Butl. Kikuyu. Very near the last species.

351. — Baoris nyassse, Hew. Coast district. I have found this peculiar species
with its Acraea-like underside distinctly rare.

352. — Pardaleodes incertas, Snellen. Coast district. By no means common.

130 J^ne,

3o8. — Acromesis neander, Ploetz. The Coast district. It is not very common
usually, but I have more than once observed it migrating in very large
numbers in April at the break of the rains.

;?.54. — Andronymus philander, Hopff. Coast district. This does not appear to
be very common.

355. — Ccenides cylinda, Hew. The Coast district. Distinctly crepuscular in
its habits. It may often be seen during the day time resting on the
walls of a house under the verandah, and when disturbed, it only flies a
short way so that its captiu-e is easy.

356. — -Orses telisignata, Butl. Abundant in the bamboo jungle on Kinangop.

357. — Ploetsia cirymica, Hew. I have taken this in the Coast district, but not
commonly. It is crepuscular or even nocturnal in its habits as it some-
times comes to light.

358. — Zophopetes drysemiphila. Trim. One specimen at Taveta.

S59.~ Rhopalocampt a liheon, Druce. A few at Nairobi settled on damp mud in
the forest.

360. — Rhopalocampta anchises, Gerst. Coast district. Not uncommon.

361. — Rliopalocampta forestan, Cram. Generally abundant.

362. — Rhopalocampta pisistraUis, Fabr. Coast district. Taita, Taveta. Not
uncommon.

363. — Rhopalocampta keithloa, Wallgr. Common in the evenings on low lying
grovmd near the Coast. The larva is very conspicuous, and feeds per-
fectly exposed.

364. — Rhopalocampta sejuncta, Mab. The Coast district. Not uncommon.

365. — Rhopalocampta chalyhe, Westw. I took two specimens of this beautiful
species in the forests of Taveta.

January, 1913.

THIETY ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF BEITISH DIPTERA.
BY J. E. COLLIN, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

(Concluded from page 106).

13. Tachydromia macula, Zett. A sliiuiug black species witli short
(only slightly longer than broad) third antennal joint, frous shining
black, and the disc of thorax uniformly clothed with hairs. Found by
Col. Yerbury at the widely separated localities of Tarrington (Here-
ford), at end of May; Wormsley Park (Oxford), and Spey Bridge
(Inverness), in July.

14. Tachydromia thoracica, Lundbk. This small shining black species
has very short and indistinct bristles on the thorax, the dorsocentrals

1913.] L8i

being uniserial and the acrosticlials biserial, while the antennae are
extensively yellow. It has been found by the late Mr. Verrall,
Col. Yerbury and myself at Lyiidhurst (Hants), Porthcawl (Grlamor-
gan) , Frinton-on-Sea (Essex) , Orford (Suffolk) , and Snailwell (Cambs.) ,
in June and July.

BOLICHOPOBIBJE.

It may be as well to take this opportunity of placing on record
the synonymy of Dolichopus varitlbia, Lundbeck, and Doliclwp^is
latU'ola, Verrall. In describing this latter species the late Mr. Verrall
said, " Face almost descending to the level of the bottom of the eyes
(and yet the species is apparently a Dnlicliopm rather than a Hygro-
celeuthus) " which unfortunately is somewhat misleading, for though
the face of laticola is rather longer than in picipes, it is typically
Dolichopid-like in the way in which the lower part slopes backwards
between the eyes over the mouth, and quite different to the flat
shield-like lower part of the face in a male Hygroceleuthus. I am
sorry to say that this misled Mr. Lundbeck and caused him to
re-describe laticola as varitibia in his " Diptera Danica," Part IV,
1912. I may add that Mr. Lundbeck has compared the type of
laticola. with his varitibia, and confirms the synonymy.

15. Syntormon mihii, Strobl. I found this very distinct species
(which was described from a Spanish specimen) in a small boggy
patch of ground near Trevone, Cornwall, when collecting in company
with Mr. C. G. Lamb on June 12th, 1912. Its yellowish abdomen
with dark dorsal stripe, and in the male its simple basal ioint and
dilated and darkened other joints to hind tarsi, and the two stout
bristles beneath the middle femora, just before the middle, serve to

^distinguish it. Becker records its capture in Corsica, G-reece, and
fCrete, so it appears to be another of the Mediterranean species found
'in Cornwall.

16. Acropsilus niger, Lw. This genus of Dolichopodidse is new to
'the British fauna, and would rvm down by Verrall's " Tables " to the

neighbourhood of Micromorp^ms ; the face is narrow in the male but
"broader in the female, and bearing in that sex a few bristles on the
somewhat convex lower part ; the femora are without pre-apical
bristles, and the basal joint of the hind tarsi much shorter than the
next joint. A. niger is a little known mid-European species, and
Mr. C. Gr. Lamb is to be congratulated upon finding a pair near
Padstow (Cornwall) in June, 1912.

132 [June,

SYBPHID^.

17. Chiloitia glohtdipes, Becker. Col. C. Gr. Xurse caught a female
of this species at West Stow (Suffolk) on April 28tli, 1911, as
mentioued on page 84, and anotlier on the 23rd of last April, while I
took one the next day. It resembles praecox, Zett., but the first joint of
the front (as well as of the hind) tarsi is distinctly dilated, and there
are distinct bands of long yellow pubescence (more or less interrupted
at the middle) on the base of each abdominal segment. The male has
not been recognised up to the present.

ANTHOMYIDJE.

18. CalUophrys exuta, Kow. This species may be separated from
riparia, Fall., by its uniformly brownish thorax (usually without
stripes) its naiTower autennse, less projecting frons and mouth edge,
and the fact that the central fillet to the frontal stripe is abbreviated
and not silvery or whitish as in riparla. Apparently the dorso-
central bristles behind the suture may be three or four in number.
It has occurred in June and July at Dovedale, Windermere, Dawlish,
and Mildenhall (Gr. H. Verrall), also at Loch Assynt and Barmouth
(Col. Yerbury).

19. Lispe consanijninea, Loew. Mr. C. Gr. Lamb found this
interesting species near Padstow (Cornwall) in September, 190-i. It
is closely allied to the common tentaculafa, De Gr., but in the male the
basal joint of hind tarsi is longer, and the hind femora has no long
bristly hairs about the middle beneath, while in the female the hind
femora is also without the long bristle or bristles beneath of
tentaculata.

20. Dexiopsis lacteipeiinis, Zett. Tliis genus of the Ccenosinx
may be distinguished by the shglit narrowing of the face at the
vibrissal angles, and the species are of a somewhat stout build, more
resembling Lisiiocephala. Among the marram grass on the sandy
shore north of Walton-on-Naze (Essex) in July last, Col. Yerbury and
I found what HeiT Stein considers to be a form or variety of D. lactei-
pennis with pale tibiae.

Dexiopsis litoralis, Zett., has been taken by Col. Yerbury at
Porthcawl (G-lamorgan) , Studland (Dorset), Golspie (Sutherland), and
the Culbin Sandhills (Nairn) ; while I have found it at Walton-on-
Naze (Essex) . The Goenosia pallicornis, Zett., of the " List," introduced
by Meade, may be a synonym, as Stein considers the two names to
represent the same species. I therefore do not count it as an addition.

1913.] 1133

21. Dexiopsis rubricorriis, Zett. This little known species was
found by Col. Yerbuiy at Portlicawl in June, 1903, and July, 1906.
The face, frons, antennae, and abdomen are more extensively pale
coloured than in the most extreme form of litoralis, and the male
genii alia very different. Herr Stein, who has seen some of the
specimens, confirms the identification.

22. Pegomyia ulmaria, Rdi. This species has yellow palpi, the
thoracal squamae somewhat larger than the alar, the scutellum grey like
the thorax and bare about the middle. I caught several in the shady
part of the garden here in July, 1911, but it has also occurred in May
and August.

23. Pegomyia nigrisquama, Stein, is one of the darkest species of the
genus, having black palpi, darkened squamae, and very dark legs, only
the middle and hind tibiae being slightly reddish. I have seen a single
male taken by Mr. Harwood near Colchester in 1911.

BOBBOBIDjE.

24. Limosiria ceenosa, Rond. When I was at the South Kensington
Museum on February 7th, 1912, Mr. F. W. Edwards called my
attention to a species of Limosina received from Mr. G. Lees of
Oldham, Lancashire, who stated that they were " swarming in closets,
causing great inconvenience to inhabitants" early in November, 1911.
A critical examination revealed the fact that they represented, as
Mr. Edwards suspected, a species distmct from. fo7itinaI is, and could be
separated from that latter (which they resembled in having eight
bristles round the scutellum and no incurved bristles on the thorax) by
the much longer pubescence to the arista, the lurid red basal joints of
the antennae, and the difference in length between the penultimate and
last costal segments being as 11 : 8 compared with 13 : 7 of fontinalis .
in addition, the hypopygium of the male is more densely clothed with
longer hairs than in fontinalis. I find that the late Mr. Verrall took
a female in his brother's garden at Denmark Hill on February 28th,
1868, and a male at Plasliett, near Lewes, on March 24th, 1868, and I
caught a male in the garden here (Suffolk) on August loth, 1897.

25. Limosina pullula, Zett. This small species has a reddish-
yellow face and legs, the cubital vein slightly curved and ending long
before wing tip, and the penultimate costal segment practically equal
in length to the last ; also the middle bristle of those incurved on
front of frons is much more developed than the others near it. I find
it at Chippenham Fen (Cambs.) in March and April.

134 [Ju"e.

SAPBOMYZID^.

26. Sapnnmjza leeAa, Zett. This species resembles rorida, but the
acrostichal bristles are distinctly placed in only two rows, and the
thorax is dull and the arista not so pubescent, moreover it is smaller
(o mm.). Col. Yerbury caui^ht a male at Nethy Bridge (Inverness),
July 30th, 1911, and two females at Loch Assynt (Sutherland), June
2nd and 6th, 1911.

27. Saproimjza qaadruiofafa, Zett. The two pairs of spots on the
abdomen, yellow palpi, acrostichal bristles in four rows, and small size
(2| mm.) will serve to distinguish this species, of which Col. Yerbury
took a male at Lochinver (Sutherland) on July 7th, 1911.

Sapromyza ajjicaiis. Lw. In this Magazine for 1910, p. 171, I
stated that I had never seen a British specimen of this species, but on
July 4th and 8th, 1912, 1 caught six males and three females at Frinton-
on-Sea (Essex).

CHLOBOPIDJi].

28. Diplotoxa ruficeps, Zett. The thorax of this little species is
uniformly greyish black and unstriped (though the scutellum may show
signs of yellowish red) and the vertical triangle also gi-eyish black and
very large. Col. Yerljury caught a male at Loch Assynt (Sutherland)
on July 20th, 1911.

GEOMYZID^.

29. A'phaniosoma quadrinotatum, Becker. The genus Aphaniosoma
was fomided by Becker in his work on Egyptian Dipiera (1902), and
is closely allied to Chiroinyia {Pelethoplula of the "List"), while
A. quadrinotahim was described by Becker as a new species of Pelethu-
phila from the Canary Isles (1904). In July of the present year
(1912), Mr. C. G. Lamb sent me specimens which he had found in
June on the flowers of Matricaria growing near Padstow (Cornwall),
with the suggestion that they might belong to the genus Aphaniosoma.
The species may be known by the four greyish stripes and five pairs of
dorso-central bristles on its yellow thorax. Strobl has found it in
Spain, but his specimens appear to have the general pubescence of the
body of a whitish colour, while in British specimens it is dark.

30. Aphaniosoma approximatum, Becker. When I received the
specimens of A. quadrinotahim from Mr. Lamb, I was collecting on the
Essex coast at Walton-on-Naze, and foiuid in the Convolvidus flowers
on the cliffs a species of the same genus which turned out to be Becker's

1913.] 135

type-species apiyroximahim, the ouly difference being in the darker
colour of the general pubescence of the body. It is a darker species
than quadrinotatum, the disc of the thorax being uniformly grey with
only one pair ot strong dorso-ceutral bristles near the grey scutellum.

Newmarket : April, 1913.

Note on Bembidium velox, Er. — This name stands in oiir catalogues as a
variety of B. lampros, Hbst. In addition to the characters hitherto mentioned
as distinctive, I find another one of some importance, namely that in velox the
wings are fully developed, but are aborted in lampros. The form may not
improbably prove distinct as a species. In the Beare-Donisthorpe catalogue,
celere, Er., is given as a var. of lampros, but it appeal's to be a mere synonym.
Reitter in " Fauna Grermanica " gives a var. cyaneotinctmn. This occurs here,
but is a variety of velox not of lampros. According to my experience, both
velox and cyaneoti7ictum are rare in Britain, but la^npros very common. —
D. Sharp, Brockenhiu-st : May oth, 1913.

Note on Homalota crihriceps, Shp. — This insect, of which a single specimen
(?) is in the Power Collection, is the Ccenonica puncticollis of Kraatz, described
in " Linna?a Entomologica," 1857, from Ceylon, as found in the nests of Termites ;
it is also fovind in Grenada, West Indies. Kraatz gives the characters of the ^ ,
but both he and Sharp have omitted to give those of the other sex in which
the last dorsal abdominal plate is furnished at the posterior margin with six
small teeth, two being close together to one another and also to the middle
line on either side, and a third more externally on either side. In the British
specimen this plate is much retracted and only the four central teeth can with
difficulty be detected, so that it is easy to see how they were ovei'looked. —
M. Cameron, 7, Blessington Eoad, Lee, S.E. : April 19th, 1913.

Acalyptus rufipennis, Gxjll., in Oxfordshire. — On March 27th last, while
hunting for Coleoptera at that famous old locality the "peat-pits" at Weston-
on-the-Green, Oxon., I tiirned a small weevil out of damp vegetable refixse, and
bottled it as a Tychius; and it was not until its turn came to be set a few days
later, that it was recognised as a fine fresh specimen of the long-lost Acalyptus
rufipennis, Gyll. {carpini, Brit. Cat.). Natui-ally I wished to "follow up" this
lucky find, but the persistently bad weather of April was all against working
for the insect. I succeeded, however, in finding a few specimens imder the
same conditions and in the same spot as the first, in the moss and debris about
the roots of one small sallow-bush, from the catkins of which two or three more
examples were beaten.

This pretty little weevil is apparently very local and rare with us, and has
not been taken for many years past. Its discovery in Britain is due to the late
Mr. Samuel Stevens, who met with it in some numbers on April 28th, 1851
(c/. Zoologist, 1851, p. 3186) by beating sallow catkins in a small wood near

136 fJ'"'«.

Fenny Stratford, Bods, (not Stony Stratford, Bucks., as quoted by Fowler,
Col. Brit. Islands, V, p. 294), and the majority of the specimens extant in our
collections are due to his liberality. It was subsequently taken by Mr. Gr. R.
Crotch in 1864 in Burwell Fen ; and Mr. E. A. Waterhouse informs me that
about that time some specimens were received by Mr. E. C. Rye among a
numlwr of beetles taken at Wicken Fen by the Hon. T. de Grey (now Lord
Walsingham). The Rev. H. S. Gorham kindly writes me that he took a single
specimen in 188(5 at Haileybury, Herts., probably on hornbeam ; and this appears
to have been the last occasion on which it has been found in our Islands
previous to the present record.— James J. Walker. Oxford : May I'Sth, 191;}.

The host of Claviger longi'-vrnis, Mull., in England. — Through the kindness
of Mr. H. St. J. iJonisthorpe, 1 am now able to state definitely that the ant with
which this beetle is found in its Oxfordshire locality is Lasius niger, L.
C. longicornis occurred again there singly to me on May 1st, and has since l)een
taken by Mr. J. Collins. — James J. Walker: May l'6th, 1913.

Bostrichus ca^mcinus, L., in Cumberland. — I met with a nimiberof specimens
of this insect last July and August in an oak log, imported from Odessa in a
roughly-hewTi state, but with the whole of the bark removed. The beetles were
captured as they emerged from their cleanly cut burrows in the hard perfectly
sound wood. The holes Avere neatly circular, like those characteristic of
Anobium, only larger. The beetles were most active towards evening, and diu-ing
the brighter part of the day they were to be seen in the holes about an inch from
the surface of the wood. A number of logs from the same source were piled
together, but the beetles were only present in one of them. I believe it is many
years since this species was found really wild in the British Isles, (.^iiite
possiljly these may have originated from pai-ents imported in some similar way
to those which form the subject of the present note.— F. H. Day, 26, Currock
Terrace, Carlisle: Ajn-il 2Sth, 1913.

Philonthus varius, Gyll., var. shetlandicus, Poppiin!. — This variety is described
by B. Poppius in a paper published in " (")bfersigt af Finska Vetenskaps-
Societetens Forhandlingar," XLVII, 1904-1905, No. 18, which seems to have
escaped the attention of British Coleopterists. The j^aper is entitled " Contri-
butions to the knowledge of the Coleopterous Fauna of the Shetland and Orkney
Islands," and deals with a collection of Coleoptera made in these islands by
Prof. Dr. O. M. Renter in 1876. I quote Poppius's description and remarks
verbatim : " Ph. varixis, Gyll., var. shetlandicus, n., differs from the known forms
of this species by the uniform dark red colour of the wing-shells. Legs, as in
the most forms of this species, pitchy-brown. Closely allied to var. nitidicollis,
Boisd., the wing-shells, however, being still lighter. Owing to the fact that the
five specimens collected all are quite similar and that no otherwise coloured
specimens, as far as I am aware, are found on the Shetland Islands, seems it
fully right to consider the form described above as a peculiar local variety."
Four specimens are recorded from Lerwick (July 6th, 1876) and one specimen
from Tingwall (July 7th, 1876). This form had previously been known to occur

1913.] 137

in the Shetlands, as Dr. Sharp in his Coleoptera of Scotland (Scottish Naturalist,
Vol. II, p. 3.50) remarked that he possessed a specimen from that locality in
which the elytra were red instead of jj^reen, but he referred it to var. nitidicollis,
Boisd. Messrs. Thos. Blackburn and C. E. Lilley in their " Notes on the Knto-
mology of Shetland " (I.e., p. 349) record " PMlonthtis uarius (red var. common)."
It is not quite clear from their paj^er, however, whether the type form or only
the variety occurred. Canon Fowlei in his "Coleoptera of the British Islands"
(Vol. II, p. 265) ti'eated var. nitidicollis, Boisd., as synonymous with var.
limaculatus, Grav., and stated that " in this variety the elytra are entirely red,
or dark only at the base ; it is somewhat rare, but widely distributed : Cowley,
near London, Portsmouth (without type form), York, &c. ; it has occurred as far
north as the Shetland Islands." The two forms, however, are not identical, as
is indicated in the last European Catalogue, and Eeitter, in " Die Khfer des
Deutschen Eeiches " (Fauna Germanica), separates them as follows: —

a. bimaculatus, Grav. Black, elytra shining bronze, with a large oval ajjical

spot red.
h. nitidicollis, Boisd. Black, elytra red, the base, sides and suture more or

less narrowly black, shining bronze.
Var. shetlandicus would therefore appear to be an extreme form distinguisnable
from either bimaculatus or nitidicollis. It remains for future investigators of
the Coleoptera of Shetland to ascertain whether var. shetlandicus is the only form
of the species occurring there Owing to the confiision in synonymy it is difficult
to gather from Fowler whether the form with the elytra entirely red has occurred
on the mainland, but perhaps this note will be the means of eliciting information
which may clear up the point.

Philonthus varius var. shetlandicus, Poppius, is included in the Addenda to
the last European Catalogiie. — A. Fergusson, 22, Polworth Gardens, Glasgow,
W. : April 22nd, 1913.

Wingless ivinter moths. — In my last note on this subject I carelessly omitted
reference to a decisive circumstance. It is well known to economic entomologists
that complete protection against the larvae of these insects can be obtained for
fruit trees by any effective device tha.t prevents their stems being climbed by
the 9 moths. I have seen this knowledge satisfactorily used in some orchards
in Herefordshire. — T. A. Chapman, Reigate : April, 1913.

Hedychridium coriaceum and Crabro albilabris. — Noticing that in the last
(April) number of Ent. Mo. Mag., my friend Mr. Mortimer credits me with the
suggestion that if. coriaceum, Dhlb. is a pai'asite of Crabro albilabris, Pz., I
think I ought to say that this suggestion is not my own, but was first made to
me in a letter by Mr. G. Arnold, and afterwards published by him in Ent. Mo.
Mag,, January, 1908. Personally I can offer no evidence on the point ; and it
has always seemed to me strange that if H. coriaceum is really associated
regularly with so extremely common a species as C. albilabris, it should not
itself be more common than it appears to be. At any rate, if the association be
a regular one, it is not to me, but to Mr. Arnold, that the credit of discovering
it is due.

138 [Jone.

I see also that Mr. Mortimer speaks of H. coriaceiim as the " most recently
discovered" of our British Chrysids. Two, however, at least of these are later
additions to our list, viz., Ellampus truncatus, Dhlb. (Ent. Mo. Mag., May, 1900),
and H. rutilans, Dhlb. (Ent. Mo. Mag., October, 1901). I recorded H. coriaceum
in Ent. Mo. Mag., August, 1897.— F. D. Morice, Woking: April, 1913.

Ortheziola vejdovskyi (fam. Coccidse) in Scotiayid. — In an earlier number of
this Magazine (August, 1911, p. 179) I recorded the first occurrence of Ortheziola
vejdovskyi, Sulc, in this country, where it was taken at Porlock by Mr. Donis-
thorpe. It now appears that examples of this interesting species had been taken
at a very much earlier date, though their identity was not recognised. I liave
just received from Mr. W. Evans the specimens in question, with a note to the
effect that they were found in crevices of a log of wood in Haddingtonshire,
Scotland, in November, 1905. Though this is only the second record of its
occurrence in the British Isles, it is probable that the species is widely
distribiited here. Like its nearest relative, Newsteadia floccosa, Ortheziola
vejdovskyi is of a retiring disposition and shuns the light of day, concealing itself
in moss, in crevices of bark, or even below ground. — E. Ernest Green, Mote
Hall, Bearsted : May 3rd, 1913.

" The Coleoptera of the British Islands : a descriptive account of the
families, genera, and sj^ecies indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland ; with
notes as to localities, habitats, etc." By W. W. Fowler, M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S.,
and Horace St. John Donisthorpe, F.Z.S. Vol. VI (Supplement). London:
Lovell Reeve & Co., Ltd., 6, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. 1913.

It is difficult to express adequately the debt which the now fairly numerous
students and collectors of our native beetles owe to the enterprise and industry
of the Rev. W. W. Fowler, whose " Coleoptera of the British Islands" appeared
in five voliunes between the years 1887 and 1891. This exhaustive work may
well be said to mark a new era in the study of our Coleoptera, and such of us
as are old enough to remember the toil of identifying our captvires by the aid
of such obsolete and inadequate works as Stephens's " Manual " (useful enough
in its day) and the scattered literature on the order in English, are those who
most fully realize the stimulus it has given to this branch of Entomology.
Very largely as a result of this incentive to work, few months have passed
without the announcement of the discovery of one or more species of Coleoptera
new to our Islands in the pages of this Magazine and its contemporaries ; and
the critical work on the more obscure and difficult genera effected by such
eminent Coleopterists as Dr. Sharp, Mr. N. H. Joy, and Mr. James Edwards (to
name one or two only) has added to our list a large number of species new to
science. All these records and descriptions have now been collated, amplified,
and brought together in the first part of this " Supplementary volume"; a good
many necessary corrections to the earlier volumes have been made, and the very
considerable list of " Addenda " which has accumulated during the time

1613.] inf)

required to complete the plates of the illustrated edition, is sufficient testimony
to the activity of our present workers. The second part of the volume is due to
Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe, whose commendable industry and unrivalled experi-
ence in collecting in all parts of our Islands, has enabled him to compile, from
the enormous mass of records of local and rare species in recent years, a list of
" Additional Localities and Notes " extending to nearly 120 pages, which cannot
fail to be appreciated by all active outdoor workers. To the same writer we owe
an exceedingly valuable and interesting chapter on the subject he has made his
own, the Myrmecophilous Coleoptera of Great Britain ; this comprises an
exhaustive list of our " ant's nest " known species and their hosts, and is illus-
trated by two excellent half-tone plates. Perhaps there are a few more
misprints and other signs of undue haste in this volvune than in its predecessors,
and we notice many curiously erratic variations in the spelling of the place-
names in the " List of Localities " ; but on the whole the joint authors are to be
congratulated on having accomplished a very usefiil and greatly needed piece
of work.

"The Dictionary of Entomology," by Nigel K. Jardink, F.E.S.
Published at 2, Castle Street, Ashford, Kent. London: West, Newman & Co.,
54, Hatton Garden, E.G. 12mo, pp. viii, 259. 1913.

This neat and compact little volume is a praiseworthy effort on the part of
the author to compile and explain, as far as possible, the very numerous technical
and special terms used by the writers in our science from the time of Linne to
the present day, and to give their derivations. On this latter point a great deal
of labour and research has evidently been spent, the older European languages
(including even Gaelic and Icelandic) as well as the classics having been laid
under contribution. As regards the terms themselves, the explanations seem to
us on the whole adequate and correct, though erring decidedly in some cases on
the side of brevity ; but the entomologist, as well as the linguist, will find much
that is useftd and interesting in the scientific terms, more than 3,000 in number,
which have been brought together by the writer of this little book.

^ocietir.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, April 2nd, 1913. —
Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

Messi'S. Andre Avinoff, Liteyny, 12, St. Petersburg ; W. Bowatei-, Eussell
Road, Moseley, Birmingham ; J. S. Carter, Warren Hill Cottage, Eastbourne ;
James Davidson, M.Sc, Imperial College of Science and Technology, South
Kensington, S.W. ; Arthur H. Foster, M.R.C.S., L.E.C.P. (Eng.), M.B.O.U.,
Sussex House, Hitchin ; J. A. de Gaye, King's College, Lagos, South Nigeria ;
Oliver Hawkshaw, 3, Hill Street, Mayfair, W., and Millard, Liphook ; and
Ernest Edward Piatt, 403, Essen wood Road, Durban, Natal, were elected Fellows
of the Society.

MO [J"ne,

The Rev. Gr. Wheeler explained that he had been mistaken in some of his
observations on Argynnis auresiana, which he exhibited on October 16th, as he
had lately heard from Mr. Powell. The name auresiana was given by Friihstorfer
not by Oberthiir, and a few specimens were already known before Mr. Powell
discovered it in numbers at Lambessa as previously stated. It had also been
figured by Turati. Mr. E. Ernest Green exhibited cards showing the transferred
wing-scales of butterflies. Mr. Donisthorpe, a specimen of Tetramorium
csespitum, L., ^ , from a colony found by Mr. Evans on the Bass Eock in Scotland,
March 21st, 1913 ; the most northern records known in Britain were Denbigh in
Wales, and Cambridgeshire and Suffolk in England. Mr. W. C. Crawley,
numerous species, sub-species, etc., of ants from Egypt, which were taken at
Helouan during December and Janiiary last. Dr. K. Jordan gave a short accoimt
of the ninth International Congress of Zoology at Monaco, with special refei-ence
to the qiiestion of Entomological Nomenclatvire, after which tlianks were voted
to the Society's Delegates for their work at the Congress, and to Dr. Jordan in
particular for his interesting and satisfactory account of it. The following
papers were read : — " On the classification of British Crab ronidas {Hymenoptera),"
by R. C. L. Perkins, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S. " Descriptions of new species of t)ie
Syrphid genus Callicera (Diptera)," by the late G. H. Verrall, F.E.S. Edited
by J. E. Collin, F.E.S. " Neue Pyrgotinen ausdem British Museum in London,"
Von Friedrich Hendel, Wien.

HELP-NOTES TOWARDS THE DETERMINATION OF BRITISH

TENTHREDINID^, &c. (31.)

BY THE REV. F. D. MOBICE, M.A., F.E.S.

CIMBEX. Ol. LOPHYBUS, Latr. MONOCTENUS, Htg.
In iny last paj)er I commenced discussion of the British
Tenihredopsis spp., but had to confess myself unable as yet to
tabulate them. As I have hopes of gaining some new light on the
subject from a work by Dr. Enslin which should appear in the course
of this year, I think it best to postpone any further remarks on
Tenthredopsis, and to " intercalate " here a paper dealing with two
genera (Cimhex and Lophyrus) which I was not prepared to discuss
in their proper places, and also with a genus, closely allied to Lophyrus
(viz., Monocteiuis, Htg.) of whose existence in this country I only
became awai'e this winter, and which is an interesting addition to the
British List.

CiMBEX.

Although this genus contains very few European species, all
of which embrace large and striking forms, separable (as might
naturally be supposed on a first acquaintance with them) by strongly
marked dittereuces both of colour and structure, it is really a very

1913.] 141

difficult one to deal with satisfactorily. Attempts have been made to
establish specific distinctions on all sorts of characters — differences in
colour ; in the structure of the antennae : the form and sculpture of
the vertex, and the scutellum ; etc., etc. But it seems now generally
admitted that in every one of these points individuals vary to almost
any extent ; and that to be really certain of a " determination " in this
genus, it is generally necessary to have evidence as to the food-
plant to vrhich the specimen in question was attached, or, if it
be a ? , to examine the " saw " and its appurtenances under fairly
high powers of the compound microscope. Certain forms may indeed
be named with some confidence by the colour alone. Yet there are
other cases in which this criterion breaks down altogether, at any rate
when we are dealing -with the (j" (J . I may add that there is a good
deal of discrepancy in the nomenclature adopted by various authors,
certain old Linnean names {lutea, femorata, etc.) appearing in all
their lists, but being applied to different forms. It is therefore with
some hesitation that I offer the following tabulation of the species
known to me as British, which after all are only three, and should be
called (I believe) respectively, femorata, L., connata, Schrank, and
lutea, L. A British (^ , given to me by Mr. McLachlan, was referred
by Konow to a fourth species (fagi, Zadd.) ; but I have never felt
satisfied with the determination, and Dr. Enslin (to whom I have
lately submitted the insect) believes it to be only a var. of femorata.
A very distinct species, quadrimaculata, Miill. (var. hnmeralis, Geoffr.)
is reckoned as British by Cameron under the name hnmeralis. But it
rests only on a supposed capture of Leach's " near Salisbuiy," and the
record is in need of confirmation. Personally I suspect that, like other
Leachian specimens, this is an Italian (or at least a Continental)
intruder in our lists. If it is really British, it may at once be identi-
fied by its bright sulphur-yellow pronotum, and the interrupted fasciae
of the same colour on the upper surface of its abdomen.

TABLE OF BKITISH CIMBEX, spp.
1. Wings with a broad fuscous apical margin, and a conspicuous fuscous
streak running from the stigma over the bases of the radial and cubital
areas into the 1st medial cell (= cellula furcata, Thoms.), half of which
it occupies. Colour variable ; may be almost entirely fuscous in both
sexes, or more or less largely rufescent on the abdomen i var. sylvarum, T.),
or with abdomen black and yellow (var. varians. Leach, and var. ^pallida,
Steph.), or with abdomen almostjentirely reddish-yellow (var. griffini.
Leach). In all cases the abdomen is considerably more shining in the
? ? (and slightly so, 1 think, in the S S also) than in our other species.
All the forms are attached to the Birch .femorata, L,

142 f'""^'

— Wings with the margins and the 1st medial cell clear, or only faintly

infnscated 2.

2. cJ c? with abdomen for the most part pale brownish yellow...

Y varieties oi fetnorata.
(Some such specimens Konow named for me " caprese, Knw., var.,"
others "femorata var.," others " fagi var." I But I see no
positive character to separate them by.)

— S S with abdomen fuscous or violaceous; or $ ? with abdomen yellow,

and more or less opaque 3.

3. Attached to Alder. S very larg'e ; body black with a distinct tinge of

violet ; wings almost clear, glassy with a slight bluish iridescence ; 1st
median cell quite unclouded. ? witli the intermediate and apical dorsal
plates of the abdomen almost entirely occupied by very broad pale yellow
transverse bands, the extreme base of each segment is fuscous, but the
fasciae themselves are quite uninterrupted, and not - as in the next species
— encroached upon by a darker (subtriangular) incision in the central part
of their basal margin connata, Schrank.

— Attached to Willows. J smaller than connata, and without the strong

violaceous tinge; difficult to separate from dark <? g oi femorata, except
that the wings are less distinctly clouded, though they are more so than
those of co7inata. ? very like connata $ , but with the (rather darker
and more opaque) yellow bands on the intermediate abdominal segments
each (n.b.) excised triangularly in the middle of its basal margiji. (Both
in this species and connata the ? wings have a yellow stain throughout,
while those of the c? c? are glassy and slightly iridescent.) ...lutea, L.

NOTES.

The ? saws of the above species appear to pi-esent good and reliable
characters, though they are minute and invisible withoiit high magnification.
Photographs of them have been published by K. Bisschop van Tuinen in the
Tijdschrift voor Entomologie XLVI, 1902 ; and I find the characters he indicates
present in my own specimens. The cutting edge of the so-called saw is studded
in all the spp. with a series of minute denticulated projections. These in lutea are
very small, much smaller than the intervals which separate them ; each is some-
what truncate at its apex, and shows only a feAv denticulations in its margin
(four or five, or even less !). In femorata the projections are much larger, quite as
large as the intervals between them ; they are not truncate, but evenly rounded
at the apex ; and the denticulations are far more numerous (circ. 20 to each
projection !) . Also the saw and its ' support ' are more strongly recurved at the apex
in femorata than in lutea; and the 'siipport'is much broader (lateral view)
near its apex than towards its base, while in lutea the ' support ' is nearly equally
broad throughout. The saw of connata is armed somewhat like lutea, the apices
of its projections being truncate ; but the projections themselves are much larger
and show more denticulations than in lutea, though in both these respects they
fall short of femorata.

I

1913.] 143

Konow distinguished another willow-feeding species, caprese, K., from lutea,
sajang that it differed in having the sciitellvmi deeply t\xrrowed longitiidinally
(^= " bitnberculate "). I have a British ? with this character, bnt I find its
saw, etc., absolutely identical with that of luteo • and Dr. Enslin tells me that
he has no belief in the distinctness of Konow's species.

I have mentioned Konow^s identification of a British <? as fagi, Zadd., and
my doubts on the subject. Fagi is undoubtedly a good species, attached — as its
name implies — to the Beech, and there seems no reason why it shovild not occur
in this country as well as in Germany or Holland. If any reader of these Notes
has taken, or should take, a Cimbex on Beech in this country, I shoiild be truly
grateful to receive information of the capture.

LoPHYRUS and Monoctenus.

Owing to the discovery of Monoctenus in this country, my "Table
of Greneric Characters" (Ent. Mo. Mag., Aug. 1903, p. 189) requires
amendment. To the characters of Lojjhyriis should be added
"Humeral area (= lanceolate cell) in forewing with a cross nervure.
Antennae of the J' pectinated on both sides : i.e., each antenna has
two separate rows of branches (these rows being placed neither in the
same plane, nor in planes parallel to each other, but radiating apart
diagonally." And to this diagnosis should be opposed the follow-
ing: "Humeral area in forewing contracted. Antennae of (^ pec^
tinated on one side only (viz., exteriorly). Monoctenus, Htg."

Before proceeding to tabulate Lopliyms let us now finish with
Monoctenus. The species of it which I have here to I'ecord as British
i^ juniper i, L., a very singular looking little insect, especially in the ^ .
It is black with yellow^ tibiae and tarsi, and — in the $ —the sides of
the abdomen more or less rufescent. It is much smaller than anything
now called Lnphyrus, though it was formerly placed in that genus
(length about 5 mm. only, against 7 to 12 mm.). The single pecten
of the cJ antenna consists of about 20 branches. Near its apex the
antenna curls inwards ; so that the branches forming the pecten,
which up to this point have been parallel one to another, begin to
diverge in the apical direction, and look like the spokes of a wheel
which has lost its rim.

I found quite a series of this insect iS' ^ and $ $ ) in the
Cambridge University collection lately sent to me for re-arrangement.
They were taken on juniper in Scotland (Nethy Bridge, &c.), June,
1907, by Messrs. H. Scott and C. Gr. Lamb. Many years ago Cameron
recorded a larva, which he found on JTiniper, but failed to rear, as
probably belonging to this species. The imago, however, does not

144 [June, li<13.

seem to have been ever found previously in these islands, though it is
no rarity on the Continent, occui-ring ^ass?m— always on juniper —
from Scandinavia to North Italy.

The British species of LojJiyrus known to me by autopsy are the
same as those recorded by Cameron, but certain changes in his nomen-
clature seem to be required. I have very little British " material" for
dealing with this genus, which is much better represented in Scotland
and the North than in my own neighbourhood (Surrey), where I have
never met with any species except jrini. I venture, how^ever, to oifer
the following table for determination of the British species. The
characters based on the number of pectinated joints in the ^ antenna
are given with some hesitation, for such multi-articulate structures
are notoriously liable to vary. Still they hold in the specimens which
I have examined, and I cannot at present find any more reliable
characters to substitute for them.

All species of this gro\;p seem to be attached to conifers, and any
European species is quite likely to occur in this country wherever its
food-plant is abundant.

TABLE OF BEITISH LOPHYRUS, spp.

1. Humeral ai-ea in hind wing (see Fig. 5 in Ent. Mo. Mag., 1903, p. 52) with

long appendiculation ; i.e., its apex is separated from the end of the ' areal
nerve' by a distance approximately Uvice as great as the breadth of the
cell itself ! Piinctviratiou of thorax (especially scutellum) comparatively
strong and close 2.

— The appendiculation is short ; i.e., its length is about equal to the breadth

of the humeral cell. Thorax almost impunctate or, if punctiu-ed, only
sparsely so 9.

2. S S with antennaj conspiciiously ^ecHnaied on both sides G.

— 9 ? with antenna} strongly serrafetZ, but scarcely pectinated 3.

3. Hind tibia with a paradoxically flattened dilated and leaf -like calcar ...4.

— Calcaria of normal form (spine-like) 5.

4. Face with a broad black transverse band reaching from eye to eye and

including the ocelli (but not the clypeus gente or tempora.) Ground
colour of insect olivaceous-green with black markings. Breast largely
black virens, Kl., 9 •

— Face and breast pale pallidus, Kl., ?.

(= dorsatus, C, nee. F.)

5. Length seldom less than 10 mm. Body dull yellow, with more or less of its

upper surface especially (vertex — biit not as a rule the tempora — most of
the mesonotum, the scutellum generally, and four intermediate dorsal
segments of the abdomen, etc.) conspicuously infuscated with black.
Abdomen broadly oval, usually evidently wider than the thorax. Hind
femora and apex of hind tibiaj black within pini, L., ? .

Authors are requested to send their communications to either

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July, 1913.] 145

— Small and dark as compared with pini. Length only about 7 mm.

Abdomen more cylindi-ical and not wider than the thorax. The ground
colour is a paler yellow than in pini, but very little of it is visible above
except on the pronotum and at the apex of the abdomen, the rest of the

dorsal surface being almost immaculate black .fndetorum, F., ? .

(= variegatus, C, nee. Hartig)

6. Ventral svirface of abdomen immaculate black pini $ .

more or less ruf escent 7.

7. Femora, tibiae, and tarsi almost uniformly white throughout. Hind wings

not clouded towards apices. Antenna with only 18 pectinated joints

pallidus S •

— Eufescence of abdomen beneath pale (inclining to yellow or orange rather

than to true red !). Femora within and apices of tibiae and tarsi more or
less distinctly infuscated. Hind wings with a brownish clouding
-" towards their apices. Antennae normally (always ? ?) with more than
18 pectinated joints 8.

8. Pronotum and mouth parts yellow. Sides and ventral siu-face of abdomen

very bright red (almost scarlet !). 20 pectinated antennal joints...

virens $ .

— Mouth dusky ; pi-onotum either entirely black or Avith a very narrow pale

edge. Eed on abdomen darker (according to Hartig. !) Only 19 pectinated
antennal joints frutetorum J .

9. ? with head and great part of the body above riif escent : J with unusually

long antennae which may have as many as 23 pectinated joints ! Scutelhim
impimctate sertifer, Geoffr.

— ? with head and body black (not rufescent) above, ^ with 18 pectinated joints

(according to Thomson), and scutelkun with large scattered punctures.
Thomson adds that this species differs from all the others in having the
" unguiculi " rmtoothed pallipes, Fall.

NOTES ON CERTAIN OF THE SPECIES.
Pallidus is called by Cameron " dorsatus,¥." ; while Konow refers dorsatus,
F., to pallipes, and proposes to sink the latter name accordingly. But Fabri-
cius's original type-specimen of Hylotoma {sic) dorsata is now at South
Kensington in the Banks Collection, and is certainly neither pallidus (having
simple hind calcaria), nor pallipes (having the humeral area in the hind wing
shortly appendiculated). I have examined the specimen carefully, and am
certain it is nothing but pini.

Almost all authorities, following Klug, call sertifer by the name of rufus.
It is no doubt the Tenthredo pectinata rufa, of Retz. ; but that name cannot
stand. It is not " binominal," and besides, Retzius had already described
another Tenthredo rufa, which is a synonym of amerinse, L. The ? described
by Geoffrey in Pourcroy's Ent. Paris, as T. sertifera is undoubtedly the insect
described by Klug, &c., as rufus ; and Geoffroy's name being earlier, Cameron
was right in adopting it. (But the form " sertifer " is preferable, I think,

philologically, to " sertiferws," as Camei'on writes it.)

N

146 fJuiy.

The specimen — a 9 — representing " variegatus, Htg.," at South Kensing-
ton agrees entirely with an insect given to me by Konow as " frutetorum."
Konow at one time believed variegatus, Htg., to be a distinct species, but
ultimately came to the conclusion that it covild not be separated from frute-
torum, F. However this may be, Hartig's description of his insect does not
suit the specimen in the Cameron collection which l)ears its name {e.g., the
scutellmn of the latter is immaculate, not " with two yellow spots ").

Virens occui'S in the New Forest (Miss Chawner) and has also been sent to
me by Mr. B. H. Harwood of Colchester. On the Continent it is a rare species
(Dr. Enslin in litt.).

Sertifer appears to be not uncommon in the North of England. A number
of rather small and dark specimens have reached me from Mr. Gillanders
(Alnwick), and a much larger and brighter one was given to me by Mr. Donisthorpe
from Hartlepool.

Pini is common in Surrey and Hants, and probably in all parts of Britain.

Of the remaining species {pallidus, frutetorum, pallipes) I have only seen

Scottish examples.

(To be continued.)

ON CICINDELA HYBRIDA, L., AND MARITIMA, Latr.
BY JAMES EDWARDS, E.E.S.

I have recently attempted to investigate the distribution of our
littoral species of Cicindela, an vuidertating in which I have received
a great deal of much-needed assistance from various correspondents,
notably Mr. Donisthorpe, who unreservedly placed at my disposal
his notes on the subject ; but owing to the circumstance that the real
distinguishing features of C. hyhrida and C. maritima have not hitherto
been adequately stated in our English text-books, it appears that no
really sound conclusions can be reached unless the material on which
the existing records are based can be re-examined. For a long time it
was customary to separate these two species by reference to the
median pale band on the elytra ; a sinuous band being regarded as
characteristic of hyhrida, and an angulated one of maritima. This
would be all very well if the majority of specimens conformed to one
or other of the states figured in Col. Brit. Isl. 1. 1. \A.4,h\ but in
practice these distinctions prove quite unreliable owing to the occur-
rence of intergrade specimens which, in this respect, are so exactly
intermediate that they cannot consistently be placed with either; e.g.,
specimens from Bov.niemouth given te me by the late Mr. Dossetor as
hyhrida, which prove to be maritima, and specimens of hyhrida sent to
me long ago by Mr. Eeston.

J

1913.] ] 47

I find that the following characters are sufficiently constant to
admit of the firm determination of the two species as they occur in
this country : —

Front of the head regiilarly longitudinally striate throiig'hotit, like a sheet
of corrugated iron. Wings fvisco-hyaline, the veins brown. Point of
the middle lobe of the tedeagus forming a triangle of which the sides
are twice as long as the base hijhrida, L.

Front of the head regixlarly longitudinally striate at each side, but in the
middle the strias form a net-work, and there are a few deep setigerous
punctures. Wings almost lacteo-hyaline, the veins, with the exception
of those next the costa and the median, nearly concolourous. Point of
the middle lobe of the iedeagus forming a triangle of which the sides
are siibequal in length to the base ; a circumstance which, combined
with the greater development of the flattened part of the sides, gives
to the apex of the organ a considerable resemblance to the nib of a
quill pen maritima, Latr.

We certainly have two well-marked forms of C. hybrid a in this
country : in the one the shoulders are much wider in proportion to
the greatest wddth of the elytra, which therefore appear scarcely
widened behind, and in which the outer edge of the median band
spreads along the outer margin both in front and behind ; this I have,
without indication of locality, from Mr. Reston ; in the other the
shoulders are much narrower in proportion to the greatest width
of the elytra, wdiich therefore appear distinctly widened behind, and
in which the outer edge of the median band is not widened next the
outer margin ; this was sent to me from Freshfield, near Southport,
by the late Dr. Chaster. Probably these two forms respectively
represent the typical form and var. rlparia, Latr., as understood by
Continental writers ; but I am not now in a position to say definitely
whether this is so or not.

In the Scottish Naturalist, 1875, the late Rev. T. Blackbui-n,
whom we may assume to have been well acquainted with the prevalent
opinion at that time, indicated that G. hyhrida occurred on the north
coasts of England, and C. maritima on the south coasts ; but the
occurrence of l)oth species in the same district was pointed oi;t by
Mr. W. E. Sharp (Coleopt. Lancashire and Cheshire, p. 16, 1908),
who found specimens of undoubted inaritima in the collection of
Mr. W. West, which had been taken at Birkenhead by M. Ragonot
about 1868 ; from which it is clear that although the Clcindela of the
Lancashire and Cheshire sandhills is now-a-days thought to be, and
most frequently is, C. hyhrida, the lange of the two species on the

148 [July.

west coast is very close, even if it does not actually overlap. Mr. J. F.
Dutton has an example of C. maritima which was given to him, mixed
with specimens of C. hybrida, by a collector named Davies, of Birk-
dale, who said that he only collected locally, With regard to the
Norfolk coast it may fairly be| said that the two species occur on the
same ground. Mr. W. West and myself have both collected on that
pai-t of the sand-hills north of Great Yarmouth which is most
accessible on foot from that town ; we have each taken a specimen of
Cicindela there ; Mr. West's, taken in June, 1904, is C. hybrida and
my own, taken on June 14th, 1883, is C. maritima. A most interesting
specimen, if it could only be found, would l)e the one recorded under
the name of hybrida by the late Prof. Harker, in Proc. Perth Soc. Nat.
Sci. as from " Glenfarg (Tay)." Dr. Sharp writes me that Grlenfarg
is in the Forth district, a pass of the Ochils to Tay, and in no sense a
maritime locality.

Marsham (Ent. Brit. 1802) does not include any littoral species
of Cicindela, but Sowerby (Brit. Misc. No. 5. t. 18. April 8th, 1805)
figured under the name of C. hybrida an insect of which two specimens
were found by L. W. Dillwyn in May, 1803, on the Crumlyn Bui-rows,
about three miles from Swansea. Judging from the shape of the
median band of the elytra this was G. maritima. Haworth, writing
in 1806 (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., I, 1812) said that the same insect
had been taken on sandy groimd near Yarmouth by W. J. Hooker (subse-
quently Sir W. J. Hooker of botanical fame) and the Rev. J. Burrell.
The latter got a single specimen of what he calls C. hybrida on the sand-
hills near Cley on April 24th, 1810. In 1824 Curtis (Brit. Ent. t. 1),
under the name of sylvicola, Megei'le, figured a Cicindela, which by
the shape of the median band on the elytra, would be C. hybrida ; the
elytra in this figure are as green as those of C. campestris, and the
author says that the specimen was taken in Epping Forest in June,
1820 ; it would be interesting to know whether C. hybrida occurs there
now ; although the latter is best known in this covmtry as a littoral insect
it is found, according to M. Bedel, at Fontaiuebleau. Stephens (Illus.
Mand. I t. 1. f. 1. 1827) figures under the name of riparia, Megerle,
a specimen of which he did not know the locality, and which might
well be an ordinary purple-l)rown example of hybrida. Ganglbauer
regards both these last-named figiu"es as representing C. hybrida.

M. Bedel (Col. Bass. Seine, I, p. 4, 1881) calls attention to
certain long white hairs across the back part of the head in maritima
which are wanting in hybrida ; these hairs, however, are so fragile in

i

1913. j 149

appearance and few in number that they give one the impression that
they would be very easily lost. Another distinction 1)eween liyhrida
and maritima lies in the comparative length of the hind tibise and
their tarsi ; in hybrida the hind tarsi are nearly as long as their tibise,
and in maritima distinctly shorter. This diiference is quite real, but
not very easy to appreciate, except in a series of carded specimens.
The variation of these two species in colour and band-form has been
the subject of much investigation on the part of Continental entomolo-
gists, and I am particularly indebted to Dr. Sharp for calling my
attention to a paper by Dr. von Lengerken (Berl. Ent. Zeitschr,
LVII, pp. 19-26), in which the matter is dealt with very fully. The
researches of Dr. von Lengerken lead him to arrange his material
according to the following table : —

1. Wing-veins dark, not transparent.

a. Median band hooked, the descending branch short or nearly horizontal.

C. hyhrida hybrida, L.

b. Median band formed as in maritima forma pseudo-maritima, Lengkn.

2. Wing- veins clear, transparent.

a. Median band hooked, bent at nearly a right angle...

C. hybrida maritima, Latr.
h. Median band formed as in hybrida forma intermedia, Lengerkn.

In our insects I find that the wing-characters employed by
)r. von Lengerken are correlated to the difference in the sctJpture
' of the front part of the head, and the form of the aedeagus ; but,
whilst we have plenty of specimens in which the band-form is exactly
intermediate between hybrida and maritima, I have not yet seen any
example possessing the band-form which is regarded as distinctive of
hybrida, and at the same time the characters which I have given above
for maritima, or vice versa. For me, the most important specimens
mentioned by Dr. von Lengerken are the two pairs of maritima and
hybrida which he met with in copula. It would have been most
interesting to know whether the wing-characters were used as the
basis of determination of these specimens, and whether hybrida male
was paired with maritima female, or vice versa ; but I learn from
Dr. von Lengerken that these specimens cannot now be found.

Colesborne, Cheltenham .-
April 7th, 1913.

150 [J"iy-

ON A SECOND BEITISH SPECIES OF CRYPTOBIUM.

BY B. SHARP, M.A., F.E.S.

I find we have two species of Cryptohmm in England, viz : —

(1) An insect with sliort elytra — shorter than the thorax — with
vestigial wings which are smaller than the elytra. The male has a
deep excision of the last ventral plate, and a slight emargination of the
preceding segment; round this notch there is a slight, fine, black
pubescence.

This species occurs generally throughout the country ; it is the
C. fracticorne of my collection, and presumably of other British
collections. It occurs from Scotland to Brockenhurst, where it- is
not uncommon. It is in several respects a variable species.

(2) A rather larger insect, with elytra slightly longer and broader
than the thorax, with fully developed, though short wings, which are
twice as long as the elytra. The male has a very deep excision of the
last ventral plate, and a well marked emargination of the preceding
segment, and in front thereof a great deal of coarse, black pubescence.

This species has only been found in this country near Bourne-
mouth by Mr. Ford and myself, Mr. Ford being its discoverer ; and
to him I am indebted for the opportunity of examining a small, but
sufiicient series. The elytra vary a little in length, but the two are
distinct in this respect.

The Bournemouth insect is the Cryptohium fracticorne of Con-
tinental authors ; the species we call in this country C. fracticorne being
apparently the C. fracticorne var. hrevipenne of Mulsant, Reitter,
Ganglbauer, and others.

In addition to the confusion as to these two distinct species,
their nomenclature presents serious ditiiculties. Paykull was the first
who gave the trivial name oi fracticornis (Piederus fracticornis, Payk.,
Fauji. Suec. iii, p, 430, 1800), and his description is certainly that of
the longer-winged and lai-ger form. But he previously described the
same species in almost the same words as Staphylimis glaberrimus
(Mon. Carab. Appendix, p. 136, 1790). In the " Fauna Suecica " he
refers to his previous description, but gives no reason for the change
of name he makes. At the same time he gives a reference to Herbst in
Fuessly's " Arcliiv." This reference was, however, probably erroneous,
as Erichson and the older authorities do not cit(! Herbst, but only
Paykull. I conclude that the confusion will be most simply cleared up
by calling the larger species C. (jJaberrimiim, Payk., 1790, and the
smaller one C. hrevipenne, Muls., as mentioned below.

1913.] 151

As regards No. 1, I have already said that I think we may
consider it to be the Cryptobium brevipenne of Mulsant (Opusc. Ent.
XII, p. 147). Subsequently Mulsant and Eey (Col. France, Pederiens,
p. 8, 1878) treated the insect, Mulsant previously described as a species,
as being merely a variety of C. fracticorne. They give no reason for
so doing, and the only one I can suggest is that their fracticorne var.
jacquelini may be in some respects intermediate ; but I may add that
I am inclined to conclude from Boieldieu's description and figure, and
from Mulsant and Key's remarks on the subject, that this Mediterranean
insect will prove to be a third distinct species of the genus. This,
however, is merely conjecture. The only localities given for brevipenne
in France are the mountains of Auvergne, Burgundy, and Provence.
I may add that I am not certain that our British brevipenne are all one
species.

Brockenhurst :

May 9th, 1913.

ON SOME ALLIES OF HOMALOTA FUNGICOLA.
BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

As far back as the year 1869 I stated that we had more than one
species confounded under H. fungicola. In the long interval I have
made several fruitless attempts to satisfy myself as to this, and only
last month was I able to obtain si3ecimens that prove my old convic-
tion to be well grounded. I am now sure that we have several species
confused together, and the descriptions I here offer may be considered
a preliminary to a complete analysis of the members of the group. In
addition to the four species here diagnosed, a fifth name should be
added to our catalogue, as Mulsant and Rey in the year 1873 described
under the name of H. fulvipennis (Col. France, Aleochariens, p. 525),
a new species founded on a female captured near London. I cannot
identify their description with any form I have yet examined.
G-anglbauer has fallen into the error of placing H. fulvipennis, Muls.,
as a synonym of Atlieta crassicornis, which (as misunderstood by Fauvel
and himself) is a mixture of various species. There is a description
of a Horn alota fulvipennis by Kolenati prior to that of Mulsant, so that
it will not be a grave error if one of us should describe this species
under some other name, but it is very desirable that we should recognise
it.

162 ^-^"^y'

HOMALOTA EEPERTA, Sp. n.

Nigra, ehjtris hrunneis, antetinarum hasi palpisque sonlide testaceis, i)edib%is
flavis. Long. 4 mm.

Mas., abdomine segmento 7° dorsali truncate, margine iiicrassato, obsolete
crenulato, utrinque denticulo perparum x>rominulo.

Fern., abdomine segmento V dorsali subtruncato, medio vix perspicue emar-
ginato, angulis externis nullis ; segmento ventrali medio sat profunde emarginato.

Closely allied to H. fungicola in general form and punctuation,
slightly larger and rather more darkly coloured. The female is dis-
tinguished by the emarginate last ventral segment ; and the male by
some slight but unmistakable differences in the aedeagus, the median
orifice being less exposed, while immediately above are two small,
pointed, very hard processes slightly turned upwards, these acumina
being very diiferent in H. funglc'iJa. I found a fine series of this species
near Brockenhurst on May 22nd, in a hollow beech in which there had
been a large crop of agarics, and I have since then met with it in
another tree. It varies but little.

HoMATiOTA INOPTATA, Sp. n.
Nigra, elytris hrunneis vel fusco-hrunneis, antennarum basi patpisque nigro-
testaceis, pedibus testaceis. Long. 4 mm.

Mas., abdomine segmento 7° dorsali truncato, margine incrassato. crenulato,
utrinque denticulo perparum, prominulo.

Fern., abdomine segmento 1^ dorsali truncato, angulis externis discretis ; seg-
mento ventrali rotundato.

This species is extremely similar to H. reperta, but in the great
majority of cases the two are readily distinguished by the darker
palpi and base of the antennae of H. inoptata. As there is some
variation in this slight character, it is necessary in such specimens to
examine the sexual characters. The females are very easy to distinguish
by the shape of the seventh segment. In the male of H. inoptata the
aedeagus is larger, with longer lateral lobes, and the orifice of the
median lobe is larger so that it is easily detected ; while the two small
acumina above are indistinct and usually fall within the orifice, and
then they may be supposed to be absent. The aedeagus is nearer to
that of H. fungicola, but with good distinctions, and the two may be
easily distinguished by the darker antennae and palpi and the larger
size of H. inoptata.

I procured a very fine series of this species, together with H. re-
perta; but no if. fungicola were present. I have satisfied myself by
numerous dissections that H. reperta and H. inoptata are truly distinct
in spite of their great general resemblance and intimate associat

1913.] 153

HOMALOTA GYNANDRICA, Sp. n.

Nigra, elytrisfusco-brxmneis, antcnnarum basi palpisque fusco-testaceis, pedi-
hus sordide testaceis. Long. 4^ mm.
, Mas., latet.

Fern., abdomine segmento 7° dorsali tnmcato, lenissime emarginato iitrinque
denticulo acuto prominulo : segmento ventrali lenissime emarginato, fere rotundato.

This insect is extreinely lite large H. hurptata. I have only one
female and do not know the male, yet I am sure that this is a distinct
species. I supposed this example to be a male till I dissected it and
found it to be undoubtedly a female ; the spermatheca is unusually
large and strongly chitinised. The external characters of punctuation,
etc., are those which occur, with but little variation, in the H.fungicola
group. One specimen : found in company with H. reperfa and
H. ino'ptata.

HoMALOTA SUBQUADRATA, Sp. U.
Nigra, subdepressa, parum nitida, elytris nigro-fuscis, pedibus/usco-testaceis ;
prothorace parum transversa elytris multo angustiore ; capite, thorace, elytris
omnium subtilissime punctatis et pubescentibus ; abdomine nitido, basi parce
evidenter punctata. Long, vix 3 mm.

This is a very distinct species. I think it should come near the
H. fungicola group, though I know of nothing very near it, and the
narrow thorax and head are peculiar.

Antennae black, moderately stout, a little thickened from the 2nd to the 10th
joint, terminal joint rather short, blunt, penultimate joints only slightly tians-
iverse. Head a little narrower than the thorax, much narrower than the elytra.
Thorax not strongly transverse, markedly narrower than the elytra, scarcely
narrowed behind. Elytra a good deal longer than the thorax. Abdomen shining,
the setosity much more mai-ked than on the anterior parts, the punctuation
scanty on tlie anterior segments, very scanty on the posterior. Legs yellow,
with the femora much blackened.

The individual described is a female. It has the last dorsal plate
slightly emarginate. This insect was found at Brockenhurst on May
22nd last. I believe it was in company with the others here described,
but this is not certain, and it may possibly have come from a recently
felled oak tree from which I took some specimens of H. coriaria.

Explanation of figures. Diagram of the 7th segment of the females : — On the
left are the ventral plates, on the right the dorsal. 1 and 2, H. reperta ;
3 and 4, H. inoptata ; 5 and 6, H. gynandrica.

Brockenhurst : June 12th, 1913.

154 [July.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF APION.

BY E. A. NEWBERY.

Apion SELOUSI, sp. UOV. *

Entirely black, except base of scape, scantily pubescent. Rostrum subulate,
feebly curved, nearly smooth, slightly constricted at insertion of antennae,
strongly so at the base, with a well marked truncated triangular tooth
on the under side between the bases of the antennae. Antennae black,
with base of scape reddish, inserted at about the basal third of rostrum.
Head shining, about as long as broad, striated between the eyes, and strongly
punctiired behind them, scarcely perceptibly granulate in the inter-
spaces. Eyes oval, only moderately prominent. Thorax rather dull, longer
than broad, narrowed from base to apex, strongly punctured, interspaces
minutely granvilate, with a central fiirrow reaching from the bisinviate base to
near the apex, posterior angles blunt but rather projecting. Scutellum
furrowed. Elytra rather dull, with base broader than that of thorax, strise
deeply punctured with flat interstices, which are about twice as broad as the
striae and finely shagreened. Legs black, pubescent, first joint of anterior
tarsi m\ich longer than second. Length, 2f mm.

This insect can be readily distinguished from any other in the
group with subulate rostrum, by the strong constriction in front of
the eyes, and tlie remarkable tooth between the bases of the antennae.
It has no resemblance to any British Apion. Capt. Deville, who has
seen the insect, remarks that "it is near to A. cerdo, but differs from
all European species in its group by its flat eyes. It is quite imknown
to me."

I have named the insect after my friend, Dr. C. F. Selous, who
took a single (cj?) specimen by sweeping mixed herbage, near the
edge of the cliff, at Barton-on-Sea, on October 18th, 1908.

13, Oppidans Road, N.W. :
May 9th, 1913.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW STAPHYLINIDS.
BY NORMAN H. JOY, M.R.C.S., F.E.S.

Atheta britteni, sp. nov.

Depressed, parallel-sided, very finely punctured and pubescent; head and
hind body, except apex, black, thorax pitchy or brown, elytra and apex
of hind body yellowish, antennae yellow, slightly darker towards apex, palpi and
legs yellow ; head a little narrower than thorax, suborbicular ; antennae with 4th
and 5th joints quadrate or slightly transverse, penultimate joints strongly
transverse ; thorax about as broad as elytra, transverse, not much narrowed
behind, with a shallow longitudinal channel in the middle, very finely shagreened

1913.] 155

and punctiu-ed ; elytra quadrate, about one-third longer than thorax ; hind body-
diffusely punctured, 4tli and 5th free segments almost inipunctate ; <? with
ventral plate of 5th segment projecting some distance beyond the dorsal plate.
L. 2.2-2.5 mm.

In colour, punctuation and general appeai'ance, A. britteni much
resembles A. debilis, Er., but is considerably smaller. The chief
external difference lies in the shape of the thorax, which is not nearly
so much contracted behind and has the sides very slightly and evenly
rounded, instead of being almost sinuate in the middle as in A. dehilis ;
the hind angles also are much less marked and more rounded. The
aedeagus is of the same peculiar general form in the two species, the
apical portion of < he central lobe being acutely bent back on itself ; the
differences in this organ in the two species can be seen in the figures
below. The same remarks with regard to the thorax apply to
A. magniceps, Sahib., but in this species the antennae have the penulti-
mate joints distinctly less transverse, and the sedeagus is entirely
different.

A. hritteni also somewhat closely resembles A. deforniis, Kr., but
the antennae are much less thickened towards the apex, the colour is
darker, the form is slightly narrower, the thorax is less strongly con-
tracted behind, and the punctuation of the hind body slightly finer and
more diffuse. From A. scoti^'a, Elliman, to which it is also allied, it is
distinguished by its much darker colour, more slender antennse and
longer elytra.

Mr. Britten sent me four specimens (including two dissected males)
of this species which he had taken in flood rubbish at Langwathly, Cum-
berland, on May 5th, 1911, stating that they had been named A. dehilis
by two authorities, but that he doubted this identification. From the
above description it will be seen that he was certainly right in his
surmise, and as there does not appear to be any other species in the
European catalogue which it can possibly be, I have much pleasure in
naming it after its discoverer.

Trogophlceus hemebintjs, sp. nov.

Somewhat dull, black, elytra pitchy, legs brown, knees and tarsi lighter ;
head scarcely narrower than elytra, eyes small, occupying slightly less than half
the side of head, temples not swollen behind eyes j antennse rather short, dis-
tinctly thickened towards apex, 3rd joint much shorter than 2nd, 4th to 10th
strongly transverse ; thorax scarcely narrower tlian elytra, slightlj' transverse,
very finely and closely pvmctured and extremely finely pubescent, strongly
narrowed behind, with a more or less distinct depression on disc ; elytra about

15G [J"iy.

one and one-third times longer than thorax, together slightly longer than broad,
very finely and closely and somewhat rugosely punctured, with fine but rather
distinct greyish-white pubescence ; hind body somewhat dilated behind, very
finely but not very closely pvmctured, with fine, close and conspicuous greyish-
white pubescence ; legs short and stout. L. 1.5 — 1.7 mm.

On account of the almost flat temples T. hemerinns would appear
to belong to the subgenus Troginus, Muls., but it differs from all the
other members of the subgenus, which Capt. Deville has most kindly
lent me for examination, in having very much smaller and less prominent
eyes. In general appearance and the punctuation of the elytra it most
resembles T. halophilus, Kies., but the absence of enlarged temples will
distinguish it from this species or any of its allies.

I foimd two specimens of this very distinct species which had been
given to me some time ago by Mr. Day, among my series of T. halo-
philus, Kies. Mr. Day sends me the following note on its capture : —
" I foimd the species rather commonly on July 3rd, 1907, at Anthorn-
on-Solway, Cumberland, on the mudbanks of the estuary of the
E. Wampool. It occurred in company with Bledius atricapillus, Grerm. ;
in fact both species were dug out of the same burrows. What the
connection was — whether intentional or merely casual — I was not able
to determine, but from the size of the ] )urrows the Bledius was obviously
responsible for them. Possibly, as the day was dull and cold, the
smaller insect was simply using the biu-rows for shelter."

Thinobitjs longicornis, sp. nov.

Somewhat shining, black, elytra pitchy brown, legs piceous, tibia? lighter,
tai'si yellow ; head quadrate, parallel-sided, closely, very finely and somewhat
rugosely punctured, temples slightly longer than diameter of eyes, hind angles
well marked ; antennae long, not much shorter than head, thorax and elytra
together, slightly thickened towards apex, 3rd joint much smaller than 2nd,
about 1| times longer than broad, 4th-6th oblong, slightly longer than broad,
7th and 8th subglobose, 9th and 10th slightly transverse and larger than 8th,
11th very long, more than twice as long as 10th, parallel sided ; thorax strongly
transverse, scarcely broader, and more finely and closely pvinctured than head ;
elytra much longer than together broad, twice as long as and slightly broader
than thorax, punctuation as on thorax, covered with very short and close greyish
pubescence ; hind body as finely but not so closely punctured as elytra, with
rather long yellowish pubescence, last segment almost smooth and glabrous.
L. 2 mm.

This species differs from all the other members of the genus in the
structure of the antennae, the slightly elongate 5th and 6th joints and
the very long last joint being characteristic.

1913.]

157

I took two specimens on May 1st, 1913, in flood rubbish gathered
from the River Truini at Dalwhinuie, luveriiess-sbire, at an elevation of
1,100 feet, and sent to me in a bag. It came from exactly the same spot
at which I took T hicolor, Joy, in 1910. T. lorigipemiis, Heer, Atheta
exiinia, Shp., and A. subtilissima, Shp., were also present in the same
rubbish.

1. jEdeagiis of Atheta debilis.

2. J^deagus of Atheta britteni.

3. Head of TrogojMceus hemerinus

4. Antenna of Thinobius longicornis.

Bradfield, Berks :

June nth. 1913.

EEMAEKS ON SOME OF HEEE'S TYPES IN THE BEITISH

MUSEUM.

BY MALCOLM CAMEEON, M.B., R.N., F.E.S.

Having recently examined some of the above types of the genus
Atheta (Homalota) it may be of interest from the point of view of
synonymy to record what they really are, as it will be obvious that Heer's
names in some cases cannot stand. Each specimen (or group of speci-
mens, for in some cases more than one individual is mounted on a
card) bears a name-ticket, presumably in the writing of either Heer or
Chevrolat, and some also bear labels written by Dr. Sharp merely
copying the name and also marked " ? type," so that it may be argued
that the specimens are not types at all, Dr. Sharp being doubtful of
their antecedents. Be this as it may, and in view of the fact that
many of Heer's species have not since been recorded, and if they are
not the real types the probability of them being in existence is very
doubtful, I give the results of their examination, marking with an
asterisk those species which bear a label "? type" in Dr. Sharp's
handwriting. Heer's species are in the left hand column.

1 58

[July,

Atheta latirollis, Steph.
Thamiarsea cinnamomea, Gr. ?
Atheta luteipes, Er.
Oxypoda sericea, Heer.
Atheta oblita, Er. S
Atheta palustris, Kies.
Atheta atr anient aria, Gyll.
Atheta nigritula, Gr.
Atheta nigritula, Gr.
Atheta laticollis, Steph.
Atheta fungi, Gr.
Atheta oblita, Er. ?
Atheta palustris, Kies.
Atheta inquinula, Gr.
Notothecta anceps, Er.
Sipalia circellaris, Gr.
^fhefa amicula, Steph.
Atheta exilis, Er.
Atheta soror, Kr.
Atheta analis, Gr.
Atheta analis, Gr.
Atheta pertyi (two examples, and
J., crassicorms, F. (two examples).

Semiris J\isca* = J.i/ic<a htridi_pe«?iis, Mann. ? 9

As far as the British List is concerned, alpesiris, fiiscipes, longula,
and indocilis, must give way to nitidiuscula , Shp., fimornm, Bris.,
thinohioides, Kr., and pallens, Redt., respectively.

7, Blessington Road, Lee :
May 10th, 1913.

Homalota pediciilaria

„ hirtella*

„ fracticornis

„ carbonaria

„ pulla

„ vaga

„ morio

„ pubescens

„ inelanocephala*

„ bicolor

„ cingulata

„ indigena

„ alpestris

„ minutissima

„ fuscipes

„ venustula

„ longula*

„ indocilis*

„ tenuis*

„ 7iigriceps*

„ hseniorrhoidalis*

„ pertyi*

A NEW BRITISH SPECIES OF SCOP ARIA.
BY EDWARD MEYRICK, B.A., F.R.S.

SCOPARIA VAFRA, H. S]J.
(J 15 mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi 3, fuscous, white towards base
beneath, apical ed^e whitish. Antennal ciliations J. Thorax pale ochreous
mixed with whitish, shoulders fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Forewings
short-triangular, costa anteriorly straight, posteriorly moderately arched, apex
obtuse, termen oblique, slightly rounded, somewhat sinuate above middle ; pale
brownish-ochreous, with scattered blackish scales ; basal area infuscated, with
short slender blackish subcostal, median, aud subdorsal dashes ; first line broad,
rather curved, whitish, followed by some blackish irroration ; orbicular forming
an irregular very elongate oval outlined with black, touching first lino ; clavi-
form obsolete; discal spot X-shaped, black, upper arms longer but partially

1913.] 159

interrupted, lower short and terminated by a small spot of white suffusion ;
some irregular whitish suffusion in disc between and beneath these spots, and
towards costa in middle and at -§ ; second line slender, white, indented at i and
f , curved outwards between these, thicker towards dorsum ; an almost terminal
fascia of white suffusion, followed by a terminal series of large blackish dots :
cilia ochreous-whitish with two fuscous lines. Hindwings 1^, without long hairs
in cell, upper half of termen markedly sinixate ; pale greyish-ochreous, paler
towards base ; cilia ochreous-whitish, with grey subbasal line.

One example, in good condition, without label, bnt included amongst
a number of specimens of Scoparia sent to me for identification (with
other insects) by Dr. H. Dobie of Chester, who informs me that it was
taken some years ago in the neighbourhood of that city, probably at
the electric light, at which the genus Scoparia was numerously
represented. It is a very distinct and quite peculiar species, probably
most allied to alpina, but very much shorter-winged, the forewings
being little more than half as long in j^roportion to the breadth, with
the termen more sinuate and oblique. The possibility arises of a foreign
introduction, but I know no European or exotic species approaching
it. From superficial appearance I judge it to be a frequenter of open
ground (not tree-trunks) , and think it should be looked for on sand-
hills or dry hillsides.

Marlborough, Wilts :

June 4th. 1913.

SOME NOTES ON PLATYPTILIA M I AN T 0 D A C T TL A.
BY THE HON. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHIIiD, M.A., F.L.S.

This interesting moth is fairly common at Puszta Peszer in Hungary,
and, as I secured several examples last year, I submitted a male to my
friend Dr. Chapman, who very kindly examined it for me. He says that
the species is not a Stenoptilia (under which genus Staudinger and Rebel
place it in their catalogue No. 1398) but is a true PlatyptiUa, very
close to our English pallidactyla. Dr Chapman fui-ther points out
that miantodadyla agrees with the other members of the genus
PlatyptiUa in having the tip of the uncus sharp, but the uncus is more
slender and prolonged than in pallidactyla.

P. miantodadyla frequents the rare and local Achillea ocliroleuca,
W.K., and can be disturbed from this plant during the day.
Miss Wertheimstein found a pupa which duly emerged among some
grass close to 'he roots of this plant, and I therefore have no hesitation
in recording this rare species of Yarrow as the food plant of P. mianto-

160 fJ^iy-

dactyla, and moreover the distribution of the moth con-esponds with
that of the plant. Doubtless the larva of this Hungai-iau moth feeds
in a manner similar to that of imUidactyla, and I hoped to find some
this spring, but was unfortunately prevented from visiting the ground.
It is to be hoped that some other entomologist may come across it.

Arundel House,

Kensington Palace Gardens, W. .-
May, 1913.

The Druce collections of Lepidoptera. — The magnificent collection of
Butterflies and Moths, with its huiidreds of types, formed by the late Herbert
Druce, Esq., has passed into the Joicey Collection, at " The Hill," Witley,
Sui-rey, with the exception of tlie Lycsenidse and Hespcriidie, which are retained
by Hamilton H. Druce, Esq.*

Entomologists are cordially invited to use the Collection for naming and
comparing. — J. J. Joicey, Witley : June 19th, 1913.

Coleoptera in Kent. — A visit to Sheerness, diu'ing the last fortnight in
May, enabled me once more to renew my acquaintance with a good many of the
special Sheppey beetles, though several interesting species were unaccountably
absent. At last I had the satisfaction of securing Emus hirtiis in the locality
kindly indicated to me by Dr. M. Cameron, R.N., but I was probably rather too
early, as it was very scarce. A fine series of both sexes of Malachius vulneratus
was taken by sweeping the flowers of Armeria vulgaris on a salt-marsh near
Queenborough, and the same spot produced Telephorus darwinianus not rarely,
as well as the Longitarsus recently described by Mr. H. Dollman (Ent. Record,
1912, p. 187) vmder the name of L. plantago-maritionus.

By sweeping on the chalk downs between Wye and the " Devil's Kneading-
trough " (the well-known locality for Pachetra leucophxa) near the village of
Brook, on May 28th, I took, mostly by single specimens, Aleochara ruficornis,
Pseudopsis sulcata, Neuraphes angulatus, Ephistemus glohosus, Trachys pumila
(4), Tetratoma ancora, Anisoxya fuscula, Liosomus pyr&nxus (4), Chjmnetron
melanarius (not rare), Phytobius denticollis, Ceuthorrhynchus nasturtii (on
water-cress by the roadside near Brook), C. nigrinus, euphorbix, &c., &c.

At the Blean Woods on May 30th, Barypeithes duplicatus. Keys, was foiuid

freely and in good condition among dead leaves, with Epuraea parvula and a

single Csenopsis Jissirostris. Faggots produced Phlaiocharis suhtilissima, Amphi-

cyllis globus, Pogonochserus bidentatus, Trachodes hispidus, Acalles 7-oboris, &c.,

more or less commonly, and single specimens of Euthia plicata, Gyll. (at once

distinguished from our other species of the genus by its much superior size),

Rhagonycha translucida, Tillus elongatus, and Liosomiis pyretiaeus — the latter

species several miles away from any chalk — turned up in the sweeping-net.

My most interesting capture, however, was Carpophilus sexpustulatus, found

singly under a piece of sappy bark on a stimip of spruce-fii\ Curiously enough,

^ Uruce'.s first collection of butterflies, including that of Kaden, was acquired I)y Messrs.
Godnian and .Salvin about 18S0, and is incori»)ratcd witli thoir collection, which is now in the
British Museum. — Eds.

1913.] 161

on this occasion I did not see a single specimen of the fine " ladybird " Cocci-
nella distincta, usually to be found here in plenty on bushes near the nests of
Formica rufa, though its usual companion, Clythra quadripunctata, was out
quite freely. — James J. Walker, Oxford: June nth, 1913.

Coleoptera in South Durham — Dviring the summer of 1912 I paid a few
visits to Billingham Marshes, near Stockton-on-Tees, in South Durham These
Marshes consist of one or two low-lying fields traversed by ditches, aud ending
on one side (near a railway line) in an area of very boggy ground, well grown
over by willows and sallows with a luxuriant undergrowth, and some fine plants
of the yellow flag {Iris pseudacorus) . This was the portion chiefly worked, and
I succeeded in obtaining the following interesting Coleoptera. On reference to
Bold's "Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Northumberland and Durham" (1871-2),
it will be seen that the species mentioned below are very local in these counties;
a few of them are additions. These last I have marked with an asterisk. I
wish to express my indebtedness to my friends Messrs. E. A. Newbery and
W. E. Shai-p, for their usual kindness in determining some critical specimens
submitted to them.

Stenus carbonarius, Gyll., and 8. latifrons, Er. : I met with a single speci-
men each of these Steni. With respect to S. carhonarius. Bold records the
species doubtfully from Northumberland, and I was therefore pleased to meet
with the insect ; S. latifrons appears to be rare. *Meligethes difficilis, Heer : a few
examples on Lamium album in a lane near the marshes. *Telephorus thoracicus,
01. : a few specimens in the deepest part of the marshes in August. *Donacia
affinis, Ktmze : a common species in the ditches in May and June. Chrysomela
orichalcia, Miill., var. hobso7ii, Steph. : I obtained this variety in a lane near the
marshes ; it is wholly of a bronze coloiu-, and a little smaller than the type
form. Longitarsus suturellus, Duft. : amongst normal specimens of this
common Longitarsus I found one by the side of a ditch, almost entirely black.
Messrs. Sharp and Tomlin have recorded a similar example received from
Coatbridge, near Glasgow (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1912, p. 73), *Aphthona venustula,
Kutsch., a single specimen by the side of one of the ditches, in May
*Gymnetron pascuorum, Gyll. : I swept this little weevil abundantly in June in
one grassy spot somewhat drier than other parts of the marshes. *Anthonomus
rosinx, Des Goz. : a single specimen swept in a lane near the marshes, in June.
This insect appears to be now considered only a variety of A. ulmi. — M. L
Thompson, 40, Gosford Street, Middlesbrough : June Mh, 1913.

Philip le Hardy de la Garde, R.N., died on May 12th last, in the 45th
year of his age, in his native city of Exeter, where his late father and grand-
father had been distinguished surgeons, and was interred there on May loth.
Educated at Christ's Hospital, he began life as a clerk in Lloyd's Shipping
Office, but at the age of 17 entered the Royal Navy as assistant clerk. He rose

O

162 [July,

to the rank of Paymaster, but unfort\inately liis health failed, and he was
invalided in 1905. From his youth he had a liking for Natural History, and
his early predilection was for the Lepidoptera. Service duties took him roixnd
the world, and he made use of the opportitnities afforded, and collected various
orders of insects, and in this way eventually gi-avitated almost solely to the
Coleoptera, as has been the case with so many other entomologists who have
finally selected that order as their special study. The Hemiptera were his
second favourites. On leaving the Naval Hospital, convalescent but serioixsly
shattered in health, he was fortunate in possessing the constant attention and
untiring devotion of his mother. Together they spent their lives in various
places in Devon, remaining in a district for a few weeks or months, and then
removing elsewhere, as circumstances or desire dictated — good localities from
the entomological point of view, being always an essential consideration. In
the course of a year or so this nomadic life (coupled with the mental occupation
and ovitdoor exercise, which his love of entomology impelled) effected a marked
improvement in his health. Moreover, he eventually gained an extensive
knowledge of the Devonshire Coleopterous Fauna, which there is little doubt
would have resulted in the appearance of a new county list, as he had already
drafted a skeleton plan with that object in view. He had much leisiu'e at his
disposal, and he devoted it to entomology, with most excellcTit resvxlts, as is
testified by his niunerous records of rare and local captures, and of new
species in this Magazine. The moat interesting examples in his foreign
collections comprised in the Dipt era, Lepidoptera, and Neuroptera, as well
as of some of the Coleoptera, he presented to the British Mviseiun. Quite
recently he acquired the residue of the collections of Coleoptera made by the
late T. Y. Wollaston in the Atlantic Islands, comprising a vast number of
specimens which had long been neglected, but he applied himself to their
restoration with most gratifying resvilts. The setting of the specimens in his
own collection of British beetles is a model of neatness. He spared himself no
pains in this respect, and no untidy example was allowed to pass miister. His
death is a great loss to a large circle of correspondents, and there is little doubt
but that, if his life had been prolonged, he would have done a great deal of
valuable entomological work. He was of a courteoiis, gentle nature, and as a
Coleopterist was generous to excess with his specimens. He was unmarried,
but leaves a devoted mother to mourn his loss. — J. H. K.

Lord Avebury, F.R.S. — The Et. Hon. Sir John Lubbock, first Baron
Avebury, died at the ripe age of 79 years on May 28th, at Kingsgate Castle,
near Eamsgate. In view of the nvimerous detailed and appreciative notices of
this many-sided and accomplished man of science and affairs that have appeared
since his decease, it is needful only in this place to refer to his life-long con-
nection with our own branch of natural knowledge. As long ago as 1850 he
was elected a Member of the Entomological Society of London, and at his death
was by several years its senior Fellow. During his long association with the
Society, besides frequently serving on its Council, and contributing many
valuable papers to its publications, he twice occupied the Presidential Chair —
the first time in 1866-7, when only 32 years of age, and again in 1879-80. Of

1913,] 163

his many separate works dealing with various branches of Natural Science,
three at least — "The Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects/' "British Wild
Flowers considered in their Relation to Insects," and " Ants, Bees, and Wasps "
have long been familiar to all readers of this Magazine, and are unsurpassed in
charm of style and detailed accuracy of observation —while his " Monograph of
the Collembola and Thysanura" published by the Eay Society in 1873, is and
will remain one of our Entomological classics. His interest in our science
continued up to the last, and so recently as 1911 we find him contributing to
the exhibitions of the last Conversazione of the Entomological Society.
Finally, as the originator of the "Bank Holiday," his name will be for all
time held in grateful remembrance by those Entomologists who are blessed
with only a limited amount of leisure.

Societies.

Lancashire AND Cheshire Entomological Society: Meeting held at the
Royal Institution, Colquit Street, Liverpool, on Monday, April 21st, 1913. —
Mr. F. N. Pierce, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Messrs. Alan Cookson, Blundellsands, and Alfred Watts, Oxton, were elected
Members of the Society.

Mr. R. Wilding gave an address entitled " Notes on some rare and local
Coleoptera," in the course of which he gave details of the haunts and habits of
the following species, viz. : — Miscodera arctica, Amara rufocincta, Bembidium
5-striaturn, B. nigricorne, Cymindis vai^orariomm, Perileptus areolatus, Ocypus
fuscatus, Quedius auricomus, Pseudopsis sulcata, Heptaulacus villosus, ^gialia
rufa, Am')noecMis brevis, Anisotoma ciliaris, A. rugosa, Anthicus bimaculatus,
Antherophagus silaceus, and Chrysomela cerealis. Mr. Wilding exhibited series
of all these species in illustration of his remarks. A discussion ensued on the
bionomics of the less known species occurring on the sandhills from which it
appeared that a good deal of research is still required, especially in connection
with the larval habits. Mr. Alfred Watts, two specimens of Heliaca tenebrata
captured by himself near Birkenhead. Mr. W Mansbridge showed Epinephele
janira, Ino statices, and Lycsena icarus, all very brightly coloured, from Co. Cork ;
also Boarmia repandata from Huddersfield. Mr. F. N. Pierce brought a box of
Micro-lepidoptera, chiefly Tortrices, from various localities which he had obtained
as material for working out the genitalia. — Wm. Mansbridge, Hon. Secretary.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Societt :
Thursday, April 10th, 1913.— Mr. A. E. Tonge, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Buckstone exhibited living larvse of Scodiona fagaria (belgiaria) from

Oxshott. Mr. Newman, a remarkable aberration of a hybrid between Ephyra

annulata S and E. pendularia ? in which the outer half of all the wings was

melanic. Mr. A. E. Gibbs read a paper entitled " Through the Balkans

with a Camera," illustrating his remarks with a number of lantern slides

of views and scenes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where he made a collecting

tour in 1912.

0 :i

] 64 [Ju'y.

Thursday, April 24th, 1913.— The President in the Chair.

The evening was devoted to a special exhibition of specimens of orders
other than Lepidoptera, and was a most successful meeting. Mr. W. West
(Greenwich) placed on the tables 16 drawers of the Society's reference collections
(British), viz. : — two of Orthoptera presented by Dr. Malcolm Burr, two of
Neuroptera presented by Mr. W. J. Lucas and Mr. W. J. Ashdown, one of
Hymenoptera and eleven of Coleoptera. Mr. West also exhibited twelve drawers
of his own collection of British Heteroptera, Homoptera, and Psyllina.
Mr. E. A. Newbery, a number of new and rare species of British Coleoptera,
including Apion selonsi, Trachyphlwus digitalis, Lathrohium ripicola, Homalota
aquatilis, Myrmecopora brevipes, Thinobius pallidus, Cartodere argus, Dermestes
peruvianus,Bledius denticollis, B.filipes,B.secerdendus, Ceuthorrhynchus parvulus,
Laccobius piuyit^rascens, Orthochxtes insignis, etc. Mr. Priske, varied forms of
Geotrupes mutator from Hanwell. Mr. Ashdown, examples of Hemiptera and
Hymenoptera taken in Switzerland, including Cicadetta montana, Mlia acumin-
ata, Harpactor iracundus, Mutilla europsea, etc. Mr. Sheldon, two species of
" fire-fly " met with on the continent. Mr. Hy. J. Tui'ner, Homoptera from South
America resembling Lepidoptera in form and marking, including the beaixtiful
Poeciloptera phalmnoides ; Heteroptera of bizarre form and marking from Colombia,
etc., including Apiomerus hirtipes with two cui-ious processes (" flags ") at the
anal extremity of the abdomen ; two large-bodied Orthoptera from the Transvaal
used as food by the natives ; and a box of large and conspicuoiTs insects from
the interior of Western Australia, Aculeata, Diptera, Ichneumonidae, Odonata,
etc. Mr. K. Gr. Blair, living scorpions, earwigs, and glowworms from Monaco,
and gave his experiences in the United States of the " flashing " of the fire-flies
and an accoimt of the experiments there carried out with artificial " flashing."
Mr. E. Step, the rare Dipteron Oncodes gibbosus, alittle hump-backed " spider-
fly," and gave an account of its life-history and habits, etc. Mr. Buckstone,
insects of various orders from New South Wales. Mr. Main, two species of
cockroach, and a large glowworm, etc. Mr. Ashby, Hemiptera and Coleoptera from
Oyo, Southern Nigeria, and his collection of Donacia, Chrysomela, and Crypto-
cephalus (Coleoptera). Mr. Gibbs, a case containing specimens of the saw-flies.
Sir ex noctilio aiid Sirex gig as, and examples of the damage caused to fir timber
by their larvae. He also showed a case of the various groups of the sub-order
Hemiptera, and gave notes on the two exhibits. Mr. H. Moore, two drawers
of Orthoptera., one mainly European, the other large exotic leaf crickets ;
a box of Xylocopidae from all the warmer parts of the world ; a case of
Lantern-fliea (Fulgoridse) ; foreign insects introduced to Deptford by shipping,
such as Blabera cubensis, Acheta bimaculata, Acridium segyptium, etc. ; and
a selection of Orthoptera and Homoptera to illustrate a note on " Singing
Insects." Mr. Andrews, types of 63 species of Diptera taken in the months
of March and April chiefly at sallow blossom. Mr. Coxhead, specimens of plant
galls and some very beautiful water-coloiu* drawings of the same, and the gall-fly
Uromyces ficariae under the microscope. Mr. West (Ashtead), four species of
Collem,bola under the microscope. Mr. Edwards, large and conspicuous species
of Phasmidx, Mantidx, Gryllidse, and Hymenoptera chiefly from British North

1913.] 165

Borneo, together with the remarkable Chelifer, Thelyphonus lucanoides, and the
curious Arachnid Actinacantha arcuata and Gasteracantha vittata. — Ht. J.
Turner, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, May 7th, 1913. —
Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Charles C. Best-Gardner, of Eookwood, Neath, Glamorgan, was elected
a Fellow of the Society.

The President announced the death of Mr. Herbert Druce, F.L.S.

Commander J. J. Walker exhibited a series of Acalyptus carpini, Herbst, var.
rufipennis, Gyll., a rare weevil which had not been met with in Britain for many
years previously. Mr. N. Charles Rothschild, an example of Txniocampa gracilis
captured in April this year at Wood Walton Fen, Hunts. The specimen in
qviestion is white all over, without any markings whatever. Mr. Donisthoi-pe, a
form of Lasius affinis, Schenck, an ant new to Britain, of which he had found a
colony at Tenby in South Wales, on the sand hills, on April 24th this year.
Mr. H. Eltringham, a number of the scales composing the anal tuft of the $ of
Cnethocampa pityocampa, Schiff., remarkable as being the largest scales known
in any Lepidopterous insect. Prof. Poulton, four males and six females of
Papilio polytes, L., captured March lOth-October 10th, 1912, by Capt. E. A. Craig
on Stonecutters' Island in Hongkong Harbour abovit one mile from the mainland.
All the females were of the male-like form cyrus, Hiibn. (= pammon, L.). He
also read extracts from letters received from Dr. G. D. H. Carpentei', telling of
his success in obtaining, for the first time, fertile ova from a planemoides female
of P. dardanus. Prof. Poulton said that the following observation — entirely new
to him — had been made by his son. Dr. E. P. Poulton of Guy's Hospital : —
" When at Gossl, we were writing in the open air by a lake : a skipper flew up,
and tried drinking up the di'ied ink with his proboscis, and to make matters
easier, he extruded a drop of liquid from the end of his abdomen, and produced
a small smudge by moving about his proboscis. He then sucked up the ink"
(August 19th. 1912). Dr. E. P. Povdton believed that the species was Hesperia
linea, L. Mr. J. C. F. Fryer exhibited a large series of the wings of Danaine
and Euploeine butterflies from Ceylon, remains of these insects which had been
observed by him to be eaten by birds, mainly by the so-called " Wood-Swallow,"
Artamus fuscus ; also a few specimens of the same butterflies which had been
killed by Asilidae.

The following papers were read : — " On the British Mycetophilidse," by
F. W. Edwards, F.E.S. " Culicidse from Papua," by Frank H. Taylor, F.E.S.,
Government Entomologist to the Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine.
" Pupal Coloration in Papilio polytes," and " The larval habits of the Tineid
moth Melasina energa, Meyr.," by J. C. F. Fryer, M.A., F.E.S.

166 [July,

NOTES ON THE BRITISH SPECIES OF THE

ANDRENA MINUTULA, K., GROUP, AND CORRECTION OP AN ERROR.

BY R. C. L. PERKINS, M.A , D.Sc, K.R.S.

Probably most students of our British bees have found the
discrimination of these small species of Andrena a matter of difficulty,
and this, I believe, is due partly to the large amount of variability
that some of them exhibit, and partly to the fact that there are more
than the three species, that are named in our lists. I have therefore
drawn up a table of the various forms, indicating two as new to us,
but not naming these. I have adopted this course because I have not
been able to procure specimens of some of the described Continental
species, and also because Herr Alfken, of Bremen, has for some time
had in preparation a paper on the German species, which are more
nmuerous than our own. At the same time, particular attention is
needed as to the summer (July and August) forms of these bees, and
the publication of these notes may lead to their receiving this atten-
tion. The tabular discrimination of the species hero given will I
believe enable all specimens, excej^ting possibly a few very aberrant
ones, and those that are greatly altered by the attacks of Stylopidse, to
be distinguished.

1 (2). Face beneath the antennae clothed witli long dark or sooty hairs,

often more or less mixed with pale ones parvula, K.

(In some examples the clypens is entirely clothed with pale
hairs, shorter than in typical specimens, but there are black
hairs at the sides of the face and also some on the sides of the
head behind the eyes. These may belong to an intermediate
brood of parvula-minutula.)

2 (1). Face entii'ely clothed with pale hairs (in miniUula sometimes with a

few dark ones beneath the antennae).

3 (10). 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments along the apical margins generally

smooth and shining, at most with a very faint, obsolete surface-
sculpture, never very dull and densely sculptured.

4 (5). Scutelhim and mesonotum always very dull and sparsely punctured,

the piinctui-es very fine and feeble, sometimes impvmctate or nearly
so sp. a.

5 (4). Scutellum and mesonotum with distinct, though often sparse, pimc-

tures, the sciitellum often more or less shining, though sometimes
dull ; if the scutellum is not more or less shining, the pimctures
are ordinarily large and deep.

6 (7). Face beneath the antenna, in fresh examples, with pale yellowish

hairs j the stigma generally brown or yellowish-brown in the

1918.] , 167

middle ; 2nd abdominal segment rarely with distinct and numerous
punctures amidst the rugulosity, sometimes impunctate (antennae
with wider flagellar joints than in nana) . . .minutula, K.

(^ parvula, summer gen.).

7 (6). Clypeus with dense white hairs in fresh examples ; stigma generally

yellow in the middle ; 2nd abdominal segment always with
niunerous punctures, though these are finer and more remote
in some examples of nana than in others.

8 (9). First and second abdominal segments not entirely smooth between

the piuictvu'es, but (more or less) finely rugulose ; antenna? longer,
with many of the flagellar joints evidently less wide ; genital
armature largely pale nana, K.

9 (8). First and second abdominal segments very smooth and polished

between the punctures over their whole surface ; antennae thick,
with many very short and transverse flagellar joints ; genital

armature* nearly wholly dark sp. /3.

10 (3). 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments along the apical depressed margins
very dull and densely sculptured spreta, Perez.

? ?•

1 (4). 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments with dense surface rugulosity,

impunctate, or nearly so ; stigma generally brown or yellowish-
brown in the middle.

2 (3). Mesonotum with moderately close puncturation, the punctures not

extremely fine parvula + oninutula.

(In the summer generation the anal fringe is generally
yellowish ; in the spring form generally to a large extent
fuscous.)

3 (2). Mesonotum very dull, with very fine and more remote punctures

(anal fringe always dark ; stigma dark) sp. a.

4 (1). 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments with numerous shallow punctures

amidst the rugulosity of the surface ; stigma generally pale or
yellow in the middle.

5 (6). Apical margins of 1st and 2nd segments smooth and shining, at most

with faint or obsolete sculpture nana.

6 (5). Apical margins not polished, but with conspicuous surface-sculpture.

7 (8). Sciitellum smooth, shining, finely and not very closely punctiu-ed;

entire pubescent band of the 4th segment of the abdomen and the
broken ones of the I'nd and 3rd segments very conspicuous, formed
of dense white hairs spreta.

8 (7). Scutellum closely and more strongly punctured, not polished;

anterior area of propodeum very rugose all over (the rugosity not
becoming feebler posteriorly as in spreta), abdominal pubescent
bands not more developed than in nana s^. fi.

* Only one example was examined in this respect, and the character may not be constant.

168 [July, i-^is.

The description of the punctiiration, &c., is made as it appears
under a very strong lens, but without the use of a compound
microscope.

Some fourteen years ago 1 made a careful examination of the
specimens in my collection, and sent a number of examples to my kind
friend the late Edward Saunders, indicating the two forms, tabulated
above as sj). a and sp. /?., as being distinct. Saunders agreed with
me as to their distinctive appearance, but shortly afterwards I left
England for six or seven years, and nothing further was done in the
matter.

Recently, through the kindness of Mr. Hugh Scott, I have
re-examined my old collection, now incorporated with the Walcott
collection in the rnuseum at Cambridge, as well as many other specimens
taken in later years, and yet others from various localities collected by
Col. C. Gr. Nurse and Mr. E. B. Nevinson. Mr. Albert Koebele, for
many years my colleague in economic entomology, was good enough to
collect many specimens for me in Baden during this Spring, so that I
have been able to compai'e a large number of German examples with
the British ones. In all, I have critically examined more than four
hundred specimens.

It may be of interest to add some further notes on the diiferent
forms : —

A. pcirvula, in the male sex, is a very distinct species, by the dark
hairs on the face. Some examples have quite evident abdominal
puncturation, others none, and the sculpture of the thorax also varies.
In some examples the hairs of the clypeus are shorter and pale, but
black ones occupy the sides of the face near the eye-margins. In
Germany the species is said to have three broods, and it is possible
that these are of a brood intermediate between parvula and minutula
proper. I have a very aberrant example with the puncturation of the
abdomen like some nayia and with yellow stigma, but the face clothed
as in ordinary parmda. It was taken on May 25th, a very late date
for the ^ of this species. On the same day and at the same place
(Bovey-Tracey) a $ with punctate abdomen was taken, but the stigma
is less pale. A $ from Dawlish (May 1st) also has a punctate
abdomen, and the stigma very pale like the Bovey (^ , the face with
many black hairs at the sides, and the anal fringe pale. I do not feel
sure that these examples are mere aberrations of parvula, and the ? ?
are certainly not 7iana, in spite of the abdominal puncturation.

Authors are requested to send their communications to either

J. J. Walker, Aorangi, Lonsdale Road, Summertown, Oxford ; or
G. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking.

Those relating to Diptera, to

J. E. Collin, Sussex Lodge, Newmarket.

LANCASHIEE AND CHESHIRE ENTOMOLOGICAL

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CONTENTS. PAGE

Help-Notes towards the determination of Britisli Tenthredinidce, &c. (31)

(continued).— Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.E.S 145

On Cieindela hybrida, L., and niaritima, Latr. - James Edwards, F.E.S 146

On a second British species of Cryptobium. — D. -Sharp, M..4., F.R.S 150

On some allies of Homalota fungicola. — Id 151

On a new species of Apion. — E. A. Neioherj/ 154

Descriptions of tliree new Staphylinids. — Norman IT. Jot/, M.R.C.S., F.E.S. 154
Eemarks on some of Heer's types in the Britisli Museum. — M. Cameron, 31. B.,

R.N., F.E.S 157

A new British species of Scoparia. — E. Meijrick, B. A., F.R.S 158

Some Notes on Platyptilia miantodactyla. — Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, M.. 4.,

F.L.S 159

The Druce Collections of Lepidoptera.— -/. J. Joicey, F.E.S 160

Coleoptera in Kent.— Jawe.f J. Walker, M. A., R.N. , F.L.S 160

Coleoptera in South Durham. — M. L. Thompson, F.E.S 161

Obitfabies— Philip de la Garde, K.N., F.E.S 161

Lord Avebury, F.R.S 162

SociETlES^Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society 163

South London Entomological Society 163

Entomological Society of London 165

Notes on the British species of the Andrena minutula, K., group, and correc-
tion of an error.— i?. C. L. Perkins, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S 166

All Communications and Subscriptions during July and August
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Ent. Mo. Mag., 1913- " l^'ate II.

, ,. ,T,i 1 1 Pa. Trap. Leiden, lith.

II. Knii,'hi and K. Wilson, del. i a. . 1

SOME INTERESTING BRITISH INSECTS.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 191 3- - ^^^^^ ^^^-

Edwin Wilson, del.

SOME INTERESTING BRITISH INSECTS.

Fa. Trap, Leiden, Uth.

Ekt. Mo. Mag., 1913, Plate IV.

CEEATOPHYLLUS BOEEALIS, Roths.

August, 1913.] 169

Another form of the Spring examples of parvula $ has the
scutellum polished and with very sparse deep punctures, the stigma
dark, the abdomen densely sculptured, but without evident puctura-
tiou. Similar forms occur in the summer generation. I received
from Baden females exactly like this British form, all taken singly on
Veronica (April 30th, May 13tli, April 28th) and others subsequently.

Andrena parvula is one of the earliest Spring bees ; in a bleak
locality in North Wilts. I noted it on daisies on March 20th, on one
occasion (1886). This year the weather in Devonshire was very
unfavourable, and my children brought in the first specimens of both
sexes, quite fresh in condition, taken on flowers of Brassica, in the
garden on April 14th. Subsequently, owing to unfavourable weather,
the females had few opportunities for storing their cells, so that this
sex was still out in perfectly fresh condition on May 13th, on Bellis,
Myosotis, Taraxacum, Veronica, Crat^gus, &c. A typical fresh ^ was
taken at Dawlish on May 1st, 1911, an exceptionally late date, and one
on May 11th, on the highly-elevated land of Dartmoor, which is less
surprising, since Andrena apicata, Sm., and its parasite] Nomada
borealis, both March species on the coast, occurred with it. In very
favourable seasons the summer generation (jninutula) appears at the
end of June, and in fact the two broods are exactly coincident with
those of A. gwynana. But more usually the second brood is not
noticed until July, and both sexes may be found freely in August.
In the abnormal summer of 1888 the first ^ minutula, did not appear
till August 7th, and fresh specimens of this sex occurred well into
September, but in that season, owing to the unfavourable weather,
A. nigroienea was still out at the end of August, A. xanthura $ in
September, and Osmia ventralis, Panz. (leaiana, Kirby), and Megachile
centuncularis, in October.

A. sp. Of. This form is in England of later appearance than
A. parvtda, for its normal time of emergence is the first half of May.
Sometimes it is seen at the end of April, in fact its time of appearance
almost exactly agrees with that of A. nana, the two being frequently
found in company. I have recently examined a series of specimens
taken from a colony unmixed with any of the allied species, and
though the female is very similar to parvula, I have seen none which
cannot be readily separated. In collections the $ is often placed
under minuhda-parvula, and the c? under nana, but there is no doubt
of their distinctness. It is much attacked by Stylops, as is nana,
whereas parvtda is rarely parasitized. These bees are most partial to

170 [August,

Veronica, BelJis, and other small flowers, as well as TJmhelliferas, and
many German examples were found on dandelions. This species can-
not be an intermediate brood of parvula-minutnla, for I received
specimens taken in Baden on March 31st, when parimla ^ was still
in fresh condition, and this year in Devonshire it appeared at a time
when the $ $ of parvida were still in perfect condition. I suspect
that only in exceptional seasons or in special localities, a second brood
is produced, but I took a perfectly fresh ^^ in August, 1886, at
Sidmouth, which differs in no way from the Spring foi-m. About the
burrows of the isolated colony above mentioned, Nomada Jk(vo(jvtiata
was taken, and this bee also affects A. nana, but I doubt whether it
attacks A. parvvia, since it never appears xmtil the latter has been
long on the wing. All the English examples I have seen have the
anal fringe of the "i dark-, but in very early (Mar(;h) specimens from
Germany, it is more yellow. It is possible that these are the descen-
dants of a second generation, whereas in England, in most localities,
only one brood (May — July) occurs.

A. 7iana> is always readily distinguished from either of the pre-
ceding by its superficial appeai-ance in the ^, owing to the rather
different pubescence, and especially the pure white hairs of the clypeus.
The abdominal puncturation varies in amount and intensity, but is
always very evident. The ? not only differs from them in the
pubescence, but, in addition, the smooth, shining apical impressions
of the abdominal segments and the yellow middle portion of the
stigma are evident charactei-s. It can always be told at a glance from
the other species. It appears at the end of April or in the first half
of May, according to the weather, and is partial to daisies and Veronica
chamxdrys, and later the $ $ abound on white TJmhelliferie.. I have
seen no examples of a second brood in England. It is much attacked
by Stylops and Nomada flavognttafa.

A. spreta, Per., by a lapsus calami recorded by me (antea, p. Ill)
as A. schenkella, Per., is the A. niveata, Saund., nee Friese, and like nana
is at once distinct from any of our other species by the combined
characters of its pubescence and densely sculptured apices of the
abdominal segments. It is less common than any of the preceding
species and moi-e local, though widely distributed. It is sometimes
attacked by 8ttjlo2)s. It is foiuid on the same flowers as nana, and
often in company with it. I have found the J* in the first half of
May, but it is more usually taken in June.

A. sj>. (3. This, I think, cannot l)e considered as a second brood

191S.] 171

of A. nana owing to the difference in the antennae of the (J , and tlie
sculptured apices of the abdominal segments in the ? . The antennae
in the latter sex often have nearly the whole flagellum brightly ferru-
ginous beneath, and also sometimes they are less conspicuously so in
the (^ . I have seen fewer examples of this than of any of the other
species. I took ^J (^ on JJinhelliferfe in August, about 14 years ago,
near Mildenhall, and the ? in September, 1886, at Dawlish. Colonel
Nurse has sent me for examination 3 ^ and 3 ? from Eastbourne
(August), and 1 ^ (July), and 1 ? (August) from Timworth, Suffolk,
and 1 have examined a few other specimens.

Park Hill House, Paignton :
June Ist, 1913.

SOME INTERESTING BRITISH INSECTS (V).*

BT F. W. L. SLADEN, F.E.S., E. S. BAGNALL, F.L.S., AND
J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

The two plates accompanying this ai-ticle illustrate one species of
Hymenopfera, two Thysanoptera, one Proturon, and seven Diptera.

Plate II.

Figs. 1, 2. — Psithyrus distinctus, Yerez (1 c? , 2 ?, x 1^). This
is an interesting British bumble-bee because, so far as the writer knows,
no description of it has been published in England, except that given
recently in " The Humble-bee. "t The insect was, however, well known to
Edward Saunders in his later years, who regarded it as a variety of
P. vestalis to w^hich, indeed, it is closely related.

The males of the two forms differ in the quality and colour of
their coats : in distinctus the hairs are less equal in length, and the
yellow is paler and more extensive. They may also be easily separated
by the structure of the antennae : the 5th joint in vestalis is about as
long as, but in distinctus much shorter than, the 3rd and the 4th joints
taken together ; in vestalis the flagellum is about 6 mm. long, in
distinctus it is only about 5 mm. long.

The female of distinctus is somewhat smaller than normal- sized
females of vestalis, and has the yellow band on the anterior part of the
thorax and the yellow on the sides of the 3rd abdominal segment paler

* cf. (I) Eiit. Mo. Mag. XLV, pp. 19t), 197, pi. Ill (1909) ; (II) XLVI, pp. 1-3, pi. I (1910); (Hf)

XLVII, pp. 203-200, pi. Ill (1911).
t "Tlie Humble-bee," by F. W. L. Sladen, 1912 (London, Maemillan & Co., Ltd.), pages 210-113.

P 2

]72 [August,

than in vestalis. The yellow thoracic band is never reduced by melanism
as it often is in vestalis.

Ps. disthictus lias been talcen by the Eev. F. D. Morice at Rugby,
and by myself at Colinton, near Edinburo-h. The specimens figured
were bred at Dover in a nest of Bumhua Ivcormn from a female sent me
by Mr. H. L. Orr from the neighbourhood of Belfast. Ps. disthictus
is probalily a fairly common insect in many places in the north of
England, in Scotland, and the north of Ireland, and it is probably
parasitic on Bomhus lucornm, which it resembles in the quality and
yellow tint of the coat. I have taken only one specimen, a giant male,
at Dover. Ps. vestalis, on the other hand, is parasitic on B. terrestris
and resembles the latter in the quality and yellow tint of the coat, and
seems to be abundant in the south and east of England, and to
disappear altogether in the north. — F. W. L. S.

Fig. 3. — Trich'thrijjs longisefis, Bagnall ( x 20, drawn from the
unique specimen [type] mounted in balsani).

The smallest British species of Trichothrips, which in the form of
its mouth " cone " occupies with T. ciespitis, Uzel, a main division of
the genus that may ultimately be treated as distinct.

The single specimen was tahen in moss, Gibside, Co. Durham.
Another species allied to the polyporus-feeding T. j^edicularis, viz.,
T. pro])inquus, Bagn., from the Derwent Valley, was described in
the same paper.* Further examples of T. propinquvs have been
taken l:)oth in the Derwent Valley and in a wood near Edinburgh,
occurring under Cortieium growing on old beeches. It has not been
foundin Pohjstictus versicolor, which is the polyporus usually frequented
by T. pedicidarius. — E. S. B.

Figs. 4, 5. — Megathrips nohilis, Bagnall (4(^, 5 $ , x 12. Drawn
from brachypterous carded specimens) . This species was described in

1909 (Ent. Mo. Mag., XLV, pp. 130, 131) from brachypterous speci-
mens of both sexes taken by Dr. Sharp in April and May, 1896, in
dried sedge refuse, Wicken Fen, together with its larva), and also with
larvae and imagines of a recently recorded British species, Cryptothrips
dentipes. Rent. The macropterous female of M. nohUis was taken in

1910 by Mr. Donisthorpe, whilst Mr. C. B. Williams, who is studying
the group, last year found this species in the same habitat together
with a distinct and interesting new Enthrips (AnapTiothrips).

This year it has been sent me by Mr. C. J. C. Pool from the
same locality.

* Tran.s. Nut. Hist. Soc. Nd. and Dliain, n.s. iii, pt. 3, December 1910.

1913.] 173

M. iiobilis shares witb M. honannii, XJzel, the honour of being the
largest known European species of Thrills, and is recognized by the
shape of the head, the shorter tube in the female, and the lateral pro-
cesses of the 8tli abdominal segment (absent in M. honannii) in the
male.

Another species of Mecjatlirqjs (M. lativentris, Heeger) was taken
by Dr. Eandell Jackson in Delamere Forest in June, 1907. — E. S. B.

Fig. 6. — Acerentomon affine, Bagnall ( x 40, rough outline sketch).

This species, which is the largest I have seen, belongs to the family
Acerentomidse of the recently diagnosed Order Protura, Silvestri
(Myrientomata, Berlese), an Order of wingless insects without antennae !
It is closely allied to the type of the Order, A. doderoi, Silvestri, but
Silvestri says that it cannot be referred to his species. I have therefore
proposed the name affine for it. It occurs in large numbers (I have
taken 400 examples) in Gribside, amongst frass under bark of beech,
and is also lound in the Wear Valley.

Members of this Order are really not uncommon in our Islands.
I have collected a good deal of material from the North of England,
the Forth area, and the neigbourhood of Dundee — comprising several
specimens representing the two families and three genera diagnosed by
Berlese — and hope to deal with the British species shortly.

For further data see my paper [" Some Primitive British Insects.
I.— The Protura "] published in " Knowledge," XXXV, pp. 215, 216,
in June, 1912.— E. S. B.

Fig. 7. — Hammer schmidtia ferruginea, Fallen. The first record
of the occurrence of this species in Scotland appeared on p. 191 of
this Magazine for 1912. It is a widely distributed, but distinctly
rare, northern insect which has been found in Scandinavia and the
mountains of Central Europe, and recorded by Loew as occurring in
Manitoba (Canada) , and by Williston from the Washington Territory
(U.S.A.).— J. E. C.

Fig. 8. — Callicera yerhuriji, Verrall. Since Colonel Yerbury
took the original four specimens at Nethy Bridge (Inverness-shire)
in 1904 (v. p. 229 of this Magazine for that year), a few more have
fallen to his net in subsequent visits, but the carefully sought for
male has so far eluded capture. — J. E. C.

Plate III.
Fig. 1. — Lophosia fasciata, Meigen. This very distinct Tachinid

174 [August,

was first recorded as British by Mr. F. C. Adams in this Magazine for
1901, p. 212, from three specimens taken at Lyndhurst (Hants) on
July 22ud — 24th, and August 1st, 1901 ; while curiously enough on
July 24th of the same year Col. Yerbury caught an example at
Parlcnasilla (Ireland). Since then the species has been taken by the
late Mr. Verrall and myself at Wormsley Park (Oxon) in August,
1907 ; another specimen being found at the same locality by Mr. C. J.
Wainwright in August, 1912. It is distinctly rare even on the
Continent.— J. E. C.

Fig. 2. — Chironomus fascipennis, Zetterstedt. This very little
known and pretty species is an addition to the British List, aiid was
found flying over a small piece of ornamental water in the late
Mr. Verrall's garden at Newmarket, on August 31st, 1910, and again
on August 28th, 1912. It is allied to C. flexUis, Wlk., but easily
distinguished by the extensively clouded tip of the wing, the sharply
defined blackened base of the anterior tibiae, and the pale middle part
of the hind tibiae. — J. E. C.

Fig. 3. — Platyphora luhhorhi, Verrall. This species was originally
described in 1877 from a specimen bred by Lord Avebury (Sir John
Lubbock) from an ant's nest. Since then I believe Mr. J. J. F. X.
King has taken it in the New Forest, while the present figure was
made from an example found by Dr. J. H. Wood in Herefordshire.
A second species, P. jyyrenaica, Becker, was quite recently (Wien.
Ent. Zeit., 1912, p. 330) described from the Pyrenees imder the
generic name Psalidesma. It should be noted that in the figure the
minute bristles on the second thick vein are made very much too
conspicuous. — J. E. C.

Fig. 4. — Antliomyza bifasciata. Wood. This insect was described
in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for February, 1911, p. 40, and this is the only
record of its occurrence. — J. E. C.

Fig. 5. — Gonops (Brachyglossiim) signata, Wiedemann. The first
and only record of this species as British is that of Mr. J. Collins, who
found a pair on September llth, 1910, in Tubney Wood, near Oxford,
as recorded on p. 273 of this Magazine for that year. According to
Kondani it is to be found near the nests of Vespa vidgaris. — J. E. C.

June, 1913.

i

1913.] L75

DESCEIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF MUSICODEBUS {Staphylinwj-)

FEOM JAMAICA.

ijY MALCOLM CAMEEON, M.B., R.N., F.E.S.

MUSICODERUS NIGKOC^RULEUS, 11. Sp.

Shining blue black, the extreme apices of the joints of the palpi and the
claws testaceous. The first joint of the antennae withotit spines. Length 7 to
8 mm.

From M. gracilis, Shp., M. cephalotes, Shp., and M. convexus, Bernh., it differs
by its entirely blue black colour ; from M. spiniconiis, Cham])., it is separable by
its broader head, the absence of spines on the 1st joint of the antennae of the male,
the much closer punctiiration of the elytra, and the smaller size.

Head large, transverse, as broad as the elytra in (J , as broad as long and
narrower than the elytra in 9 . Eyes large, not prominent, their diameter less
than the length of the temples in c? , as long as the temples in ? . Temples
slightly convergent posteriorly, the angles rounded ; front with a median narrow
impressed line ; sides of the head and temples with large scattered setiferous
punctures, the vertex smooth. Mandibles prominent, reddish. Palpi with
apical extremities of the joints narrowly testaceoxis ; 2nd joint of labial palpi a
little longer than first. Antennae black, 1st joint narrow at the base, gradually
thicker towards apex, arcuate, as long as 2nd and 3rd together, and fiu-nished
with three or four fine setae, but not spinose in either sex, 2nd shorter than 1st
and 3rd, 4th a little longer than broad, oth and 6th sqiiare, 7th to 10th distinctly
transverse, 11th nearly as long as the two preceding together. Thorax about as
long as broad in c? , a little longer than broad in ? ; slightly dilated at the
anterior angles, which are deflexed, distinctly narrowed to the posterior angles,
which are effaced ; disc with a row of five setiferous punctures on either side
of the middle line and five or six irregularly disposed punctures on either side.
Scutelhim closely punctured. Elytra a little longer than the thorax, slightly
longer than broad, moderately finely and not very closely punctured. Abdomen
distinctly, but not very closely punctured at the bases of the anterior segments,
still more sparingly punctate posteriorly. Tibiae setose.

J . Besides the differences already mentioned of the head and thorax, this
sex has the whole of the under surface of the anterior and the basal half of the
posterior femora strongly spinose. The last ventral plate of the abdomen is
distinctly emarginate in the middle of the posterior margin.

Hab. : Jamaica, Newcastle district, 3,000 feet above the sea level,
in the axils of tree ferns.

Type in my Collection.
June, 1913.

176 [August,

ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES, &c., FOE VAEIOUS COLEOPTERA
EECENTLY ADDED TO THE BEITISH LIST.

BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Tachys vmJherianus, Sharp (antea, p. 125). — Dtirint? a recent visit
to the New Forest Dr. Sharp was kind enough to introduce me to the
habitat of this species, and a few additional examples were captured,
on June 24th. The insects recorded under the name T. parrtdus by
Mr. Donisthorpe, from the New Forest, and by myself from Horsell,
are T. walkerianvs. Capt. Deville tells me that he has taken the latter
at Chateauroux (Indre) and Fontainebleau, and I have it from Limoges.
T. parvidns has been found by myself in many localities in Spain, &c.,
always on the sandy or shingly banks of running streams, whereas
T. walkerianus occurs in Sphagnum, in or near woods.

BradyceUns shatyi, Joy (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1912, p. 257). —
Capt. Deville (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1913, pp. 97 and 228) records this
species from, various localities in France: Tport (Seine-Inferieure),
La Rosaie (Eure), Marly (Seine-et-Oise), and Normandy, and also
states that it probably occurs in Holland and at Tangier.

Quedius ialparum, Deville (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1910, p. 158). —
Capt. Deville {op. cit., 1913, p. 271) states that the mole's-nest species
described by him under the name Q. talparuni is synonymous with
Q. othiniensis, Johansen (1907). This is the insect introduced into our
list by Mr. Joy in 1906 under the name Q. vexans.

Actohius ytenensis, Sharp {anten, p. 101). — This species also I
have been able to see in life in the New Forest, thanks to Dr. Sharp.
The following is an additional locality for it : Chobham, Surrey (three
specimens from Sphagnum, taken by myseK on March 30th, 1877.
Mr Joy, too, has, I believe, captured it in Berkshire.

Planeustomus (Compsochihis) flavicoUis, Fauv. (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
1912, p. 162). — The insect from Caterham recorded by myself in 1875
(op. cit. XII, p. 39) as C. palpalis is P. flavicoUis, Fauv. Dr. Sharp's
specimen was taken in the New Forest.

Laccohius purpurascens, Newbery (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1908, p. 30).—
Capt. Deville informs me that he has specimens of this insect from south-
western France, from near Castres, on red sandstone, as at Teignmouth.

Henoticus germanicus, Reitter. — Capt. Deville (Bull. Soc. Ent.
Fr., 1913, p. 79) notes that this species, recently recorded from Britain
by Mr. Newbery (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1912, p. 286), has been taken by
Dr. Everts in Holland in dried api-icots. He suggests that the insect
may have been imported from California. Allied forms are known from
Mexico and Guatemala. H. serratus, Gyll., is apparently Holarctic in its
distribution.

i

1913.] 177

TmchypJdmis digitalis, Gryll. (anted, p. 126). — Mr. Newbeiy
records this species from the Chatham district and Boston. It has also
been taken at Streatley, Berks, by Mr. J. J. Walker in 1907. The insect
was found near Chatham in numbers by myself, on April 28th, 1872, and
in the following year by Mr. Walker in April and October. He has
also met with it in recent years in the same locality. It may be added
that T. digitalis is constantly smaller and narrower than T. spinimanus,
and has sh(.)rter, more depressed, squamiform setae on the elyt.ra,
whereas in T. spinimanns the seta; are longer and suberect, and
nearly as conspicuous as in T. niter nans. I can detect no difference
in the striation of the elytra, when the surface incrustation is removed.

Horsell, Woking :

Jidy 10th, 1913.

EMPIDM AND THEIE PREY IN RELATION TO COURTSHIP.
Communicated by Professor E. B. Poulton, D.Sc, M.A., F.R.S.

The following observations by Mr. A. H. Hamm, of the Hope
Department, Oxford University Museum, mil, we feel sure, be of
special interest to < ur readers. The account is reprinted from
Professor E. B. Poulton's Report on the Hope Department for the
year 1912 in The Oxford University Gazette for June 4th, 1913,
pp. 952-953:—

" No more interesting and valuable addition to the bionomic
series has ever been made than the large collection by which Mr. A. H.
Hamm, of the Hope Department, has thrown so much light upon the
courtship of the Empid flies.

Results so sui'prising require abundant proof, and it will be
admitted by any one who studies the series that the material both of
Empidse themselves and the insects captured or objects seized by
them, is of immense extent and most carefully collected, embodying
the results of a large number of original observations and most
ingenious experiments. The whole of Mr. Hamm's researches were
cai'ried out in the neighliourhood of Oxford. The great labour of
labelling and cataloguing was finished hy Mr. Collins in time for
exhibition at the Entomological Congress in August, 1912, where the
collection was studied with keen attention and interest. The catalogue
numbers— 591 in 1908, 771 in 1909, 718 in 1910, and 969 in 1911,
large as they are, give a very inadequate idea of the material ; for the
catalogue is of mounts rather than specimens, of which many are

178 [August,

coustaiitly carried on a single card. The collectiou includes many
specimens captured and presented by Mr. Hamm's son, Mr. C. H.
Hamni.

A part of the results has been already published in the ' Entomo-
logist's Monthly Magazine' for 1908, p. 181, and 1909, pp. 132 and
157 ; biit the most novel and interesting observations and conclusions
— those obtained with the genus Hilara are made known for the first
time in the following brief account of Mr. Hanun's gift. The full and
detailed account awaits publication until niunbers of obscure and
minute insects — Dipterous captors and prey chiefly Dipterous — have
been satisfactorily worked out.

The collection has been classified by Mr. Hamm so as to illustrate
his conclusions, the species being arranged in groups, each repre-
senting a definite evolutionary stage in the use of prey — first and
lowest as food devoured by both sexes without relation to pairing,
then as a gift provided by the male and devoured by the female
during pairing, finally — as it were an ornament or plaything — -no longer
eaten by the female, but acting as a lure and a stimulus. In this last
stage the prey is often replaced by some vegetable fragment which is
quite unsuitable as food. The climax of this line of evolution is
reached in an elaborate cocoon spun by the male around the prey and
replacing the latter as an object of attraction. This replacement is
self-evident in many examples studied by Mr. Hanun ; for in these
there was nothing but an empty cocoon, the prey having probably
been lost during the process of construction.

There are strong reasons for the belief that the last stage has
been reached through the second, and the second through the first,
but this inference must not be extended further and made to apply to
the species themselves.

I.- — Prey devoured by both sexes independently of pairing.

A. Tachydroviia (Tachydrominas). Pi'ey very nearly always Dipt-
erous and often belonging to the genus Tachydromia, perhaps sometimes
to the same species as the captor. The female in cojmJa has very rarely
been found with prey. 1908 — ninety catalogued specimens (or mounts)
of which 17 were captiu-ed by Mr. C. H. Hamm; 1909 — eighty-six of
which 2 were captured by Mr. C. H. Hamm ; 1911 — thirty.

B. Hyhos (Hyhotinas). Prey generally Hymenopterous. 1908 —
eighty-four of which 26 were captured by Mr. C. H. Hamm ; 1909 —
two ; 1911 — six.

1913.] 179

C. Empis trigramma, punctata aud scutellata (Empinds). A little
group of related species with habits very different from those of the
rest of the genus so far as it has been studied. 1909 — sixty-three.

II. — The prey provided by the male is devoured or sucked

BY the female during COPULATION.

A. Pachymeria {Emphice). The prey always Dipterous. 1908 —
one hundred and ten ; 1909— one hundred and seventy-eight.

B. Bliamphomyia (Empince). The prey nearly always Dipterous.
1909— three ; 1910— two hundred and fifty ; 1911— sixty -five.

C. Empis (Empinx). Small species as yet undetermined. Prey
nearly always minute Diptera, chiefly Cecidomyia and Psychodes.
1909 -two ; 1910— fifty-five ; 1911— one hundred and three.

D. Empis tessellata. Prey very varied, but always Dipterous.
1908— two ; 1909— two hundred and twenty-four ; 1910— twelve ;
1911— thirty-three.

E. Empis opaca. Prey like that of tessellata, but mainly of the
genus Bibio. 1909 — one hundred and sixty-eight ; 1910— forty-six ;
1911— forty.

F. Empis livida. Prey more varied than that of any other
species of the genus, but still chiefly Dipterous. 1908 — thi-ee hundred
and five, of which 4 were collected by Mr. C. H. Hamm ; 1909 — forty-
five ; 1911 — thirty-two.

III. — The prey or object provided by the male is not de-
voured BY THE FEMALE, BUT BECOMES, AS IT WERE, AN
ORNAMENT OB PLAYTHING PROVIDING SOME INDISPENSABLE
STIMULUS.

A. Hilara (Empinse). Many species as yet undetermined. All
the species fly over water, and the prey or other object is always
picked up from its surface by the male Hilara. The males take
floating insects of aU kinds - sometimes specially Diptera, sometimes
Aphids — scales off overhanging trees or other fragments of plants.
Some of the species will accept almost any floating object, while others
seem to restrict themselves to particular insects, such as Apliidx.
When the object is very heavy, the male, after seizing it, spins round
with great velocity till the load rises on a cone of water, and is finally
lifted from the apex. In Mr. Hamm's experiments, disabled Diptera
of the genus Chironomus, &c., stamens of buttercups, and ray florets
of daisies strewn on the water were soon taken by the males, and after-
wards found in the possession of the females. Pairing invariably

180 [August.

occurs upon the wiug, but. numbers of specimens show that a sweep of
the net through the swarm at tirst catches nothing but males carrying
the objects that had been strewn on the water, while a later sweep
catches pairs still carrying the same objects. The specimens illus-
trating this investigation are all carefully labelled with the hour and
minute at which the different samples were secured.

Mr. Hamm's admirable experiments also enabled him to deter-
mine that the females carry the objects provided by the males ; for
although they are never retained when the pairs are captured, the
white florets or the yellow stamens can be seen hanging from the low'er
Hilara of each flying pair, and the lower is invariably the female.

The climax is reached in the males of certain species of Hilara
which envelope the prey or other minute object in a cocoon, varying
greatly in complexity, but in the most extreme cases of striking beauty
and regularity. The cocoon is spun upon the wing, so that the
method of its construction cannot be followed. Captured individuals
are often found to have extruded a viscid globule — probably the
material out of which the cocoon is spun. There can be little doubt
that in these extreme cases it is the cocoon itself which acts as a
stimulus to the female, although the minvite and almost invisible
object usually enclosed in it, but sometimes dropped, is the stimulus
which incites the male to spin. Cocoons that have been dropped,
probably after pairing, are constantly picked up and used over again
by other males. j

These novel and surprising conclusions, obtained as the outcome
of Mr. Hamm's energy, resource, and power of accurate observation,
are illustrated and confirmed by an immense mass of mounted material,
catalogued luider 355 nimibers in 1910, and no less than 660 in IDll."

TWO DIPTEEA (LIMNOBIIDM) NEW TO BRITAIN.

BY A. E. J. CARTER.

1. DlCRANOMYIA RUFIVENTBIS, Strobl.

This species is closely allied to Dicranomyia morio, Fabr. It was
described as a variety of that species by Strobl in 1900 under the
name of var. rufiventris, differing from typical morio in having the
abdomen, genitalia, and legs " einfarbig rotgelb," and the wings not
grey, but light brownish tinged with a very pale stigma.

A male in my collection, taken at Aberfoyle, Perthshire, on
August 21st, 1906, has always been a puzzle. It runs down with

1913.] 181

Schiner to Limnohia pilipennis, Egger, but tlie apical part of the
wing is not distinctly hairy, and the apex of Sc 1 (end of the aux-
iliary vein) is placed almost above the base of Rs (second long vein),
and not beyond it as in Egger's species. It was with interest, therefore,
that I noticed Lundstrom's record (Acta Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica,
29, JSTo. 8, 1907) of a Dicranomyia from Finland as doubtful
pilipennis. It was evident from Lundstrom's remarks that his speci-
mens belonged to the same species as my insect, as the latter agreed
with all the characters in which Lundstrom's species differed from
'pili/pennis. In the recently published Part VIII of his valualile
"Beitr. zur Keunt. der Dipt. Finlands " (op. cit. 36, No. 1, 1912)
Lundstrom corrects his former record and identifies his insect with
Strobl's short description of Dicranomyia morio var. rnfiventris,
stating, however, that it is not a variety, but a perfectly good species,
quite distinct from morio. My specimen agrees with all that Lund-
strom says, and a caustic potash preparation of the hypopygium
accords with his Fig. 46 (Part VIII, Taf. 3). I take D. morio in this
part of Pei'thshire, but so far have not come across rnfiventris.

2. ACYPHONA AREOLATA, Siebko.

This is another interesting fly which had long baffled all my
attempts at identification, and it was only recently while studying
Wahlgren's important paper on Zetterstedt's types of Nemocera (Arkiv
f. Zool., Bd. 2, No. 7) that I found the clue to what it is. A refer-
ence to "Insectorum Norvegicorum," Fasc. IV (1877), led me to con-
sult that work, and I have no doubt that my insect is Siebke's Erioptera
areolata. It answers very well to the description given, but I can see
very little sign of the darkening of the tips of the femora or tibise.
The whole insect is pale brownish yellow, darkened above on thorax
and abdomen ; the latter having the hind margins of the segments
and the hypopygium yellow. The very small discal cell, " subcuneate"
in form, is a characteristic feature.

The straight anal vein (A 2) places this species in Osten Sacken's
genus Acyphona, as Wahlgren points out, and our List will now con-
tain two species in that genus.

I have one specimen only, a male caught at Musselburgh, Mid-
lothian, on July 30th, 1906. The species is recorded by Lundstrom
from two districts in Finland.

Blairgowrie, Perthshire :
June 19th, 1913.

] 82 [August,

DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE OF CERATOPHYLLUS BOREALIS,
KoTHs. (1906).

BY THE HON. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHILD, M.A., F.L.S.

Plate IV.

In Eut. Mo. Mag. (2), XVIII, j). 11, I described a new species
of flea as CeratophyUns borealis from a single ? obtained by Mr. N. H.
Joy on the Island of St. Kilda from the nest of a gannet.

The specimen remained unique until 1912, when the Rev. J.
Waterston found a number of examples of this species in the Shetland
Islands in a nest of Antlius ohscurus, of which he kindly gave me some
specimens of both sexes.

The (J being still undescribed, I submit a drawing of the genital
organs which, as usual in Siphoiiaptera, offer easily recognisable
distinctions from the allied species.

C horealis comes near C. columhx. and sjnnosua in the armature of
the ninth abdominal sternite of the J* . The movable process (F) of
the clasping organs bears five bristles in the apical half of the distal
( = ventral) margin of which the upper one is somewhat thicker than
the others, being, however, slightly shorter than the fourth from the
top. The ninth sternite bears thi-ee very stout apical bristles on each
side, one of them being usually distinctly longer than the others.
The apical membranous lobe of this stei-nite is triangular.

As in the 5* > the hind femur bears a subventral row of four
bristles on the inner surface, exclusive of the subapical bristle, and no
subventral bristles on the oviter side apart from the subapical one. In
this C. horeaUs differs from C. spinutms, Wagn. (1903), which bears a
much larger number of bristles on the hind femur.

Arundel House,

Kensington Palace Gardens, W. :
May 6th, 1913.

^ THE DENTATE MARGIN OF THE ABDOMEN IN CHRYSIS.

BY T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S.

The President's address at the Entomological Society set me
thinking on this matter. He did not discuss Chrysids but, in the
Aculeates, he told us that female secondary characters liad i-elatiou to
maternal duties and that any dorsal apical teeth spines are practically
unknown in $ v Aculeates.

1913.] 183

Chrysids are not Aculeates, and one may not reason from the
latter witli much certainty, not only because Chrysids are not Aculeates,
but because the female Chrysis has no duties towards her offspring
beyond oviposition. It is further the case that the dentate margin
in Chrysis is a specific and not a sexual character, i.e., it is nearly
identical in both sexes of the species that possess it. The dentate
margin is not of a terminal segment. The segment carrying the teeth
is the last visible one, but so, only the third visible segment of the
abdomen, probably really the fourth.

Taking all these circumstances and some others into consideration,
the theory of these spines that seems to me probable is, of course, very
hypothetical, and can only claim acceptance in the absence of a
better. In the Ent. Mo. Mag. of 1869 and 1870, I gave some notes
on the habits of the Chrysids parasitic on Odynerus spinipes. Chrysis
neglecia substitutes her own egg for that of the wasp, laying it whilst
the cell is still open and even before the tale of green grubs for sub-
sistence of the larva is complete. Chrysis bidentata on the other
hand does not lay her eggs until the wasp larva has spun its cocoon.
No special effort is necessary therefore on the part of neglecta to reach
the place where her egg is to be laid ; bidentata, on the contrary, often
has to burrow through some earthen stopping, and always to thrust
her ovipositor through the wasp's cocoon. Chrysis neglecta is without
terminal teeth, bidentata has this armature.

It would seem then, that in view of these two species at least, the
terminal spines are correlated with the necessity of piercing a tough
cocoon with the ovipositor.

This ovipositor is not a sting, but it is very sharp, and I was
more than once pricked by it in handling the living insects ; sharp as
it is, however, considerable force must be necessary to pierce the
cocoon, a portion of the process, doubtless, being widening the opening
by pushing the silk aside as the ovipositor progresses, the threads so
displaced returning afterwards to their position, as the opening, after
the Chrysis retires, is practically closed. In making the opening, the
whole work is done by a direct thrust, not by the alternate movements
by which the Tenthredo's cut their incisions or the ichneumons of the
Bhyssa group penetrate solid wood. In making such a thrust not only is a
fulcrum necessary, but even more important is some guidance in order
that the thrust may be throughout in exactly the same line and
direction. My idea is that the teeth of the margin do not provide a
fulcrum, but by pressing down on to the wasp cocoon, make the end

184 [August,

of tlie abdomen fixed aud steady, so that the thrust may be direct and
true.

In pusliing a slender object, like a needle, into any resisting mass,
if it be held at a distance from the object, it is dilHcult to advance it
so steadily that it does not bend and l)reak ; or if, unlike a needle, it
is flexible enough not to break, it will dou])le up and go no further.
In either case the operation will succeed if the needle be held steadily,
fairly close to the object to be pierced. In tlie case of the Chrysis, the
short grip and the steadiness of the fulcrum is secui-ed by the terminal
teeth engaging the rough surface of the cocoon. The actual fulcrum,
however, must be taken by the insect in some other way, either by its
legs or by pressure against the wall of the burrow in which the
cocoon is.

Chrysis ujnita has a toothed margin, yet in the only cases in
which I noted its ovipositing habits, it did so in the open cell. This
would tell against my theory of the use of the teeth, but ignita is an
abundant species, attacking a number of different hosts, and probably
commands with this object different procedures in different cases,
procedures that with other species of the genus are each confined to
one species.

The dentate margin is not, however, a sexual but a specific
character. This seemed to me at first a difiiculty, but I think a
secondary sexual character is often transferred to the opposite sex, and
if not injurious when so transferred, may easily become a specific
character. Darwin refers to a good many cases of secondary sexual
characters being transferred to the opposite sex. There are really
many such cases, which we do not usually recognise : In Balaninus,
for instance ; the female requires a long rostrum to reach the proper
point at which to deposit her egg. The shorter, but still very long,
rostrum of the male is, so far as I know, of no special use. A curious
instance of what seems to be a transfer to the male of what is almost
a primary sexual character, occurs in some Sphinges. The cephalic
margin of the 8th abdominal st^rnite is prolonged in a way that can
hardly be anything but an echo of the female structure of this plate.

M. du Buysson (Andre's Hymenopteres, Vol. VI, p. 32) strongly
asserts that Chrysis only eats the larva of Odynervs and not the pro-
visions. He obviously never saw my paper (Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol. VI,
p. 154), nor can he have made any observations on Chrysis neglecta
with reasonable care, or he would not say it only eats the Odynerus

1913.] 185

larva. I reared many larvae of C. neglecta on " green grubs." I always
found the eggs of the wasp had been damaged by the pai'ent Chrysis.
That the eigg of the Chrysis should remain sound and undisturbed
during the week during which the wasp larva is feeding up in the cell,
and should not itself be eaten by the wasp, is absurd on the face of it.
Yet he asserts this to be the universal method of oviposition with
Chrysids amongst Odynerus. He asserts only one of two methods of
oviposition and only one method of feeding, and that the one that
goes with the method of oviposition of which he seems to be ignorant.

My observations were made five-and-forty years ago, yet they can
be repeated at any time by any one who will take the trouble to do so.

The discussion on "Winter Moths" reminds me of the hypothesis
I made as to the plumose antennae of Pt. plumigera and Himera
pentiaria, that these are reflections in the male insect of heightened
activity of the antennae of the female, rendered necessary by the weak
odours (in winter) of the food plant she has to find to lay her eggs.
Such antennae are quite exceptional in the insects of the groups to
which they belong, nor do they occur in winter moths whose females
are apterous.

Betula, Reigate :
A^ril, 1913.

MELANISM AND WET CLIMATES.
BY G. V. HUDSON, F.E.S.

In 1885 Lord Walsingham pointed out that the dark coloration
of Alpine and Arctic Lepidojytera was probably due to the fact that a
dark insect, would, on emergence from the pupa, rapidly absorb the
heat and thus be ready to take wing, pair, and deposit its eggs much
sooner than a white or pale coloured species. A dark coloration was
thus shown to be highly advantageous to those species inhabiting high
mountains or Arctic regions, where fitful hom-s of hot sunshine are
followed by prolonged periods of extreme cold, and the opportunities
for the propagation of the species thus very transient. Excellent
instances of almost black coloration adapted to meet Alpine conditions
are found in ISTew Zealand, and are well exemplified by practically all
the species included in the genera Erehia, Orocrambns, and Tauroscopa,
most of which frequent elevations of from 4,000 to 6,000 feet above the
sea level. Lord Walsingham' s explanation has never, so far as I am
aware, been seriously challenged, and is, I think, generally accepted
amongst entomologists as correct. A less pronounced form of melanism

186 I'Avigiist,

lias, however, often been observed to be characteristic of Lepido^Hera
frequenting damp localities where there is an unusual number of wet
and cloudy days, and this is observable in Hie case of insects found
in the extreme south and on the west coast of the South Island of
New Zealand, where the rainfall is notoriously heavy and frequent.
Varieties from these locaHties are much more richly and deeply
coloured than those from the drier Eastern and Northern portions of
the Dominion ; the colouring of the numerous forms which imitate
moss and lichens being most vivid and beautiful in Western and
Southern specimens.

A very simple explanation can, I think, be given to this form of
melanism. After i*ain, the tree trunks are very much darker in colour
than w^hen dry, and the colouring of the mosses and lichens growing
on the tree trunks is also much more vivid during wet weather than
during periods of drought. A pale insect resting on a dark tree trunk
is easily seen and caj^tured by an insectivorus enemy, whilst a dark
insect will escape detection. The same remarks apply to those species
resembling vividly coloured mosses and lichens growing on the damp
trees. It has been stated that melanism is very prevalent amongst
LepidoiAera found in the vicinity of the large manufacturing towns in
England, and I take it that this is due to the superior protection
afforded to the insects by a dark coloration, when at rest on fences
and tree trunks wdiich have been more or less blackened through the
presence of large quantities of coal smoke in the atmosphere.

Hence it appears to me that, through the direct influence of
natural selection, melanism is eminently favourable to the survival of
insects frequenting damp, cloudy, or smoky localities.

Hillview, Karori, Wellington,
New Zealand :

Aiyril 30th, 1913.

The British Cryptobia. — Synonymical Note. — In the notice of Cri/^t obi wm pub-
lished last month (p. 150) tliere appears an error that was corrected in the proof,
but remains in the published article (perhaps owing to some confusion due to the
simultaneous absence of the two Coleopterous editors). It is stated that Paykull
gives no reason for substituting the name J'racticornc for that of the previous gla-
herrimum. lie does, however, give a reason by saying tliat when examined with
a lens the insect is not " glaherrimuni." In Fowler's " Col. Britisli Islands," II,
p. 306, the name glaherrimum is used, Herbst being given as the author ; but
Fowler applies the name to the other species, not to the one called fracticorne by
Paykull and the Continental authors. The confusion is veiy great, and I may
therefore repeat that I suggest that the long-winged form be called glaberrimum,
and ovu' common form brevipeime. — D. Sharp, Brockenhurst : July nth, 1913.

1913]. 187

Carpophilus sexpustulatus, F., etc., in Sherwood Forest. — At Edwinstowe on
May 12th I was fortiinate enough to take a specimen of C. sexpustulatus, F.,
iinder the bark of a newly fallen oak branch ; in the same situation Pediacus
dermestoides, F., occurred plentifviUy. A few pupse of Saperda scalaris, L., were
extracted from the wood of oak trees ; Enicmus rugosus, Herbst, was taken
rarely out of powdery fungi on oaks ; Batrisus venustus, Reich., occurred in dry
wood, and under the bark of a fallen oak I noticed the remains of Agrilus
higuttatus, F. Here in May, 1912, by beating birch trees, I took several
specimens of the local and scarce Magdalis carbonaria, L. — E. W. Morse,
Leeds : June 22nd, 1913.

(Edemera virescens, L., in Gloucestershire. — In June, 1905, I took a (? of this
species at Newnham-on- Severn. I have not met with it since in that locality,
and therefore was very pleased to take it at Symonds Yat early in June this
year. It occtirred rarely, by sweeping herbage in a restricted area well within
the Gloucestershire boundary. Our other species, (E. nohilis. Scop., and hirida,
lyiarsh., are not uncommon in both localities. — E. W. Morse.

Bruchus pectinicornis, L., in the New Forest. — A very fresh specimen of this
insect was found by my daughter, by sweeping in a spot which is so remote and
secluded as almost to preclude the idea of its being an introduced specimen.
The date was June 1.5th, 1912. We have not, however, met with a second
example. — D. Sharp. Brockenhurst : June 23rd, 1913.

Byschirius angustatus, Putz., in Cumberland. — This species was originally
found in the British Isles by the late T. J. Bold of Newcastle-on-Tyne, on the
banks of the Eiver Irthing, near Lanercost Abbey, Cxunberland (not Northum-
berland, as stated by Fowler, Col. Brit. Isles, Vol. I, p. 23), and brotight forward
by Dawson (Geod. Brit. p. 31) as a novelty under the name of jejunus.

I have repeatedly looked for the species in this favourite district of Bold's,
but hitherto unsuccessfully. During May and June of the present year I was
fortunate enough to meet with it in quite a different part of Cumberland, viz. :
on mudbanks on the Solway Estuary. It occurred rather freely in association
with Bledius atricapillus, Germ. D. politiis, Dej., and saWius, Schaum, were
also a;bundant ; nitidus, Dej., decidedly rare. Although only a few square yards
of mudbank were worked, it was remarkable what a large number of beetles
were present. The Bledius alone must have been represented by thoiisands.
Bembidium lunatum, Dufts., was common with others of the genus, including
velox, Er., which I only take near the sea. Tachypus pallipes, Dufts., is also
worth recording. — F. H. Day, 26, Currock Terrace, Carlisle ; July 3rd, 1913.

Pachycoleus rufescens. Sahib., in the Neiv Forest.- — To Dr. Sharji's list of
insects occiu-ring in wet moss by the side of a little stream in the New Forest
{antea, p. 125), the minute fragile Ceratocombid Hemipteron, Pachycoleus
rufescens, may be added. While examining some of this wet moss in his com-
pany, on June 24th, we noticed amongst the common Hebrus ruficeps. Thorns.

Q2

188 ' [August,

(an insect nsiially found in such places), vavioiis mnch smaller, narrower, wholly
red individuals, which at first sight appeax'od to be larvte of that species. Tliese
latter, however, when examined under a lens, proved to be fully winged and
undoiibtedly Pachycolexis. P. nifescens was introduced by myself as British in
1908 (Ent. Mo. Mag.. XLIV, p. 9), from specimens found at Dawlish by the late
P. de la Garde, Mr. Keys soon after (loc. cit. p. 42) recording it fi'om Loddiswell,
both in S, Devon. Most of the examples captured by Dr. Sharp and myself
were placed in a small tube for safetj', and, as not rarely happens in such cases,
the tube was subsequently lost ! Two specimens, however, placed in a separate
bottle, were secured. These are considerably smaller than all the others I have
seen from S. Devon, but they appeal- to belong to the same species. —
G. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking : July, 1913.

Colias edusa in June. — It may interest your readers to hear that I have
to-day seen three examples of Colias edxisa on the wing. I was so surprised
that I stopped to Avatch them, and one settled close to my feet, I always look
out for them in August and generally see an isolated specimen, but have never
seen so many together since on one occasion about 40 years ago, when I saw
hundreds on the cliffs between Weymouth and Lulworth, in Dorsetshire, and
caught many specimens of C. edusa var. hclicc, and hyale. — Wm. A. Caret,
36, Devonshire Eoad, Bexhill-on-Sea : June I7th, 1913.

%iv\nv.

"A Catalogue of the Lepidopteea of NoRTHrMBERLAND, Durham,
AND Newcastle-on-Tyne." By John E. Robson, F.E.S. Edited by
John Gardner, F.E.S.

The concluding part of this Catalogue is before \is. There has been con-
siderable biit unavoidable delay in its issue, owing to the death of Mr. J. E. Robson,
and still more so an account of the long continued and much regretted illness
of Mr. Eustace R. Bankes, who after Mr. Robson's death undertook to edit and
see the part throiigh the pi ess. When Mr. Bankes felt compelled to request the
Council of the Northumberland Society, under whose auspices all the Catalogue
has been published, to relieve him of the task, he suggested that Mr. Gardner
should be asked to take his place. That a more suitable selection could not
have been made is evident by the satisfactory way in which the work has been
finished. Mr. Bankes fortumxtely had made critical notes upon the whole of the
manuscript whilst it was in his possession, and which no doubt has been an
immense help to his successor. The part deals with the Tineiim and Pterophorina,
the latter group entirely by Mr. Gardner, as Mr. Robson had left no notes on
them ; whilst the concluding portion of the part consists of a short supplement
containing the additional species and records made since the Catalogue was
commenced, and so bringing the list up to present date. The entire Catalogue
records 1,169 species for the area included, or 56.7 per cent, of the British

19]3.] 189

species, as against 66.9 per cent, recorded for the adjoining county of Yorkshire.
Its compilation has evidently been most carefully done, and we have no doubt
the Catalogue is as accurate as it could have been made. It reflects the greatest
credit indeed on everybody concerned in its production. An excellent photo-
grapli of the late Mr. Robson forms an appropriate frontispiece to the work. —
G. T. P.

The South London Entomolooical and Natural History Society :
Thursday, June 12th, 1913. — Mr. A. E. Tonge, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. E. Adkin exhibited tobacco leaves that were much infested by a beetle,
which was afterwards identified as Anobium paniceum. The tobacco came
recently from Turkey. Mr. West (Greenwich), a series of the new Hemipteron,
Psylla albipes, discovered by him on white-beam tree. Mr. Coxhead, blackthorn
leaves with galls of the Dipteron, Cecidomyia pruni, from Shooter's Hill.
Mr. Cowham, an aberration of Abraxas grossulariata, with the black markings
on the forewings coalesced to a wide band suppressing the usiial yellow
markings. Mr. Sich, the egg shells of the white ova of Dicranura vinula,
previously exhibited. Mr. Carr, the Lepidoptera taken by him in 1912.
Mr. Edwards, species of the Soiith American genus of butterflies, Dynamine.
Mr. H. Moore, larva? of the stag-beetle, Lucanus cervus, from LewLsham.
Mr. Blenkarn, a series of Brurhus pisi, a Coleopteron found by Mr. Main in
split-peas in a Woodford shop, and a pair of the rare Pterostichus parum-
punctatus taken at Chopwell, Northumberland, in May, 1912. Several reports
were made of the occurrence of Colias ed^isa, Pyrameis atalanta, and P. cardui. —
H. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA FROM GIBRALTAR AND THE
SURROUNDING COUNTRY.

{Contimied from p. 125).

BY CAPTAIN J. J. JACOBS, R.E. (rET^'), M. I. MECH. E., P.E.S.

The following list of Lepidoptera is arranged in accordance with
the Staudinger- Rebel Catalogue (1901), giving the cataiogvie numbers
for easy refei'ence, and with brief notes against each species : —

Macro-Lepidoptera.

1. — Papilio podalirius, L. I observed var. feisthamelii, Dup., at Granada, on
August 8th, 1910, and specimens were taken there in June, 1911 ; also
seen in Cork Woods on July 29th, 1910. I took two very ragged speci-
mens of var. latteri, Aust., at Tangier, on September 11th, 1911, and
saw others during the next few days.

190

[August,

4__P. machaon, L. Common throughoi^t the ro<?ion from February to
Oetolu>i-. Specimens bred from lai'vtv fonnd on fennel at Gibraltar
and Konda.

II,— Thais rumina, L. The first example of this beautiful species I observed
and captured on February 11th (11)10). It is not so abundant on the
Rock as formerly, but is widely distributed throughout the district,
and I have taken it in good condition as late as May 21st (1910).

4i,.—Pieris hrassica', L. Common tliroughout the region during the whole
year.

48.— P. rapw, L. Also common all the year throughout the region.

57. — P. daplidice, L. This I have found to be more plentiful throughout the
region than the two preceding. There appears to be three distinct
broods during the year. The spring brood (var. hellidice, O.) occurs in
the Cork Woods about the third week in February. The summer
brood appears about the middle of April and remains good until the
end of July : these are slightly larger, and have less green on the
underside of hind wing than var. hellidice. The aiitiunn brood appears
during the first week in August and lasts until November : these are
generally a good deal smaller, and the vinderside of the wings have
miich less, paler, and more yellowish-green than the summer brood.
(Probably var. raphani, Esp.).

60. — Euchloe helemia, Esp. Common throughout the region, and one of the
earliest butterflies on the wing. I have observed it in the Alameda
Grardens early in Janizary, but my first capture in the season was
February 22nd (1912). The ab. glauce, Hb., appears about the third
week in April, and I have taken it in good condition at Tarifa, as late
as June 12th (1911).

62. — E. belia, Cr. I took a fine specimen of this species at Tangier on
March 24th, 1912, but it is apparently very rare in this region, except
at Granada, where it occurred commonly in May, 1911. The var.
ausonia, Hb., was common at Granada in the middle of June, 1911.

63. — E. tagis, Hb. I found this insect common on the Rock of Gibraltar, on
March 3rd, 1912, at a spot where I had previously taken two specimens
on April 16th, 1910, and several others between April 2nd and 30th,
1911. The locality is about 500 feet above sea-level, near the Jews'
Cemetery, at the south end of the Rock. The species appears to be
well established in this restricted locality . I have searched for, but
have not met with it, in any otlior part of the region, but Mr. G. O.
Sloper took 15 good specimens in the Cork Woods on April 8th, 1911.

69. — E. carda^nines, L. I took two males of this species in the Cork Woods on
April 7th, 1912, and one male on April 21st, 1912. This insect appears
to be scarce in the district.

72. — E. eupheno, L. This species occiu's only on the African side. On
March 22nd, 1912, I met with it near Tangier, and on this and the two

I

^

1913.] 191

following days secured a good series of males, biit managed to capture
only two females, which perhaps were not yet fully out. They seemed
to enjoy flitting along a warm sunny bank, close to the ground. The
locality is in the narrow lanes near the south bank of the Jews' Eiver.
73. E. euphenoides, Stgr. Occurs only on the European side, where it is
common throvighuut the district. I have taken it in the Cork Woods
as early as February 25th (1911), and have seen it flying in good
condition as late as May 26th (1910) at Algeciras. The females of this
appear to be more numerous than those of the preceding species. On
some flne days I have seen the sexes in about equal numbers.
74:.^Zegris eupheme, Esp., var. meridionalis, Ld. Taken by Mr. G. O. Sloper at

Granada in May, 1911.
81. — LejAidia sinapis, L. Found only in the Cork Woods, where I have taken
it as early as February 24th (1911), and as late as August 16th (1911),
in good condition. Successive broods occur during the simimer. The
ab. female erysimi, Bkh., is fairly common, and the var. diniensis, B.,
also occurs.

113. - Colias edusa, F. Common throughout the region during nearly the
whole year, but apparently not so abundant as formerly. The ab.
helice, Hiibn., seen occasionally.

124,.—Gonepteryx rhamni, L. Found by me only in open spaces in the Cork
Woods, where it flies with G. cleopatra, L., in June and Jidy. Larger
and finer than British specimens.

125. — G. cleopatra, L. This conspicuous butterfly I found to be one of the most
abundant throughout the whole region. Hibernated specimens are
seen on the wing from the middle of February to the end of March,
and alvpays appear to be in good condition ; it is very rarely that a
ragged or worn specimen is found. The earliest date on which I have
seen the new brood at Gibraltar is May 8th (1912). The female, which
is difficult to distinguish from that of the preceding species, expands
about f of an inch more than the male.

127. — Charaxes jasius, L. The netting of this large, powerfully flying butterfly
is very flne sport, but unfortunately it is difficult to obtain good speci-
mens by this means ; they are so wild in the net, that the most perfect
example invariably spoils itself before it can be secured. The usual
habit of this species is to fly round and settle on the topmost branches
of fig trees, so that the only possible way to net them is to induce
them to come lower by fixing tempting baits (generally rotten figs)
within reach of the net. The imago occurs commonly at Mount
Washington, Tangier, and appear to be in good condition in that
locality from about September 7th to 14th. I have observed speci-
mens in the Cork Woods (June 16th, 1912), and Gibraltar in July
(1911). One ragged specimen taken in Gibraltar, close by the sea,
near the Dockyard, on October 4th, 1911.

This species has been bred in England by Mr. G. O. Sloper, and
by Mr. A. H. Jones, in his garden at Eltham.

192 August, 1!<1S.

152. — Pyrameis atalanta, L. Not coiniiion, Init f^ciiLTally distributed through-
out the I'egioii. Flies all the year round. Very small specimens are
occasionally met with.

Ibi. — P. cardui, L. Abundant everywhere during the summer, espcjcially at
Algeciras during the month of May.

IGl. —Vanessa polychloros, L. Not very common, and usually flies high up
round trees. Hibernated specimens met with in the Cork Woods in
February (19112). A fine fresh specimen taken at the Watei-falls, near
Algeciras, on June 8th, 1912.

175. — Melitiea aurinia, Eott., var. iberica, Obth. After searching throughout
the region, during my 2^ years collecting there, for examples of the
genus Melit;ra, I did not meet with any until I was packing up to leave
the country. Col. Angell informed inc he had taken a " Fritillary " at
the Waterfalls, Algeciras, about a fortniglit before, so I lost no time in
going over. I found this species fairly plentiful, but worn, on June 8th,
1912. They appear to be closely restricted to their locality, for
although 1 Iiad worked near the spot during the past two seasons, I
had not met with a single stray specimen.

180. — M. phcebe, Knoch, var. occitanica, Stgr. Taken at Granada by Mr. G. 0.
Sloper at the beginning of May, 1911.

190. — M. dejone, H.-G., var. nevadensis, Obth. Taken at Granada abo\it a fort-
night later than the preceding species.

240. — Argynnis pandora, SchifF. Taken at Tangier on September 22nd, 1910,
and at the Cork Woods on Jiily 1st, 1911, and June l(5th, 1912. This
species Avas very scarce in the localities I worked.

257. -Melanargia ines, Hffsg. Taken by Mr. Sloper at Granada in good
condition, from May «th to 24th, 1911.

258. — M. syllius, Hbst. As the previous species.

343. — Satyrus hriseis, L. Taken by Mr. G. O. Sloper at Granada, who states
they occur there very rarely (July 6th, 1911).

370. — S. statilinus, Hiibn., var. allionia, F. Abundant in the Cork Woods
during July and August, but not seen in Gibraltar.

372. — S. fidia, L. Common in Gibraltar from the middle of July until the end
of August, but I have seen worn specimens on the Upper Rock late in
September. The earliest dates of their appearance, during my stay,
were July 14th, 1910, and July 15th, 1911. As they are so " wild" on
the wing, it is difficult to obtain perfect specimens after the first week
in August. They soon become slightly chipped.

385. — Pararge a^geria, L. Very abundant throughout the region dui'ing the
greater part of the year. First taken in good condition on Jan. loth,
1910 (Gibraltar). Always of the dark Southern form.

390. — P. megiera, L. Not so abundant as the last species, but very plentiful, and
on the wing during the greater part of the year.

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CONTENTS. PAQB

Notes on the British species of the Andrena minutula, K., group, and correc-
tion of an error (concluded).— Jt. C. L. Perkins, 31. A., Z>..bV, F.L.S 169

Some interesting British Insects (V) (with two coloured plates). — F. W. L.

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Description of a new species of Musicoderus (Staphylinidse) from Jamaica. —

M. Cameron, M.B., R.N., F.E.S 175

Additional localities, &c., for various Coleoptera recently added to the British

List. -<?. C. Champion, F.Z.S 176

Empidce and their prey in relation to courtship. — Communicated hy Prof. E.

B. Poulton, D.Sc.,M.A.,F.R.S 177

Two Diptera (Limnobiidse) new to Britain. — A.E.J. Carter 180

Description of the male of Ceratophyllus borealis, Roths- (1906J (with plate).

— Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, M. A., F.L.S 182

The dentate margin of the abdomen in Chrysis — T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S. 182

Melanism and wet climates. — &. V. Hudson, F.E.S 185

The British Cryptobia.— Synonymical note.— D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S 186

Carpophilus sexpustulatus, F., &c., in Sherwood Forest. - E. W. Morse 187

CEdemera virescens, L., in Gloucestershire. — Id 187

Bruchus pectinicornis, L., in the New Forest. — D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S 187

Dyschirius angustatus, Putz., in Cumberland. — F. H. Day, F.E.S 187

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Colias edusa in June. — W.A.Carey 188

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John Gardner, F.E.S 188

Society. — South London Entomological Society 189

Notes on Lepidoptera from Gibraltar and the surrounding country {continued}.

— Capt. J. J. Jacobs, R.E. {retd), JI.I.JIech.E., F.E.^'i 189

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Ent. Mo. Mag., 1913. Plate V.

Fig. 1. LISTEOPSYLLA CHELUEA, J.
Fig. 2. LISTEOPSYLLA CHELUEA, ? .
Fig. 3. CTENOPHTHALMUS CALCEATUS, <? .

September, 1913.1 193

'Ui'Z.—Epinephele jiirtina, L., var. Mspulla, Hb. Exceedingly abixndant every-
where from early in May to the end of August.

405.— J5. lycaon, Rett., var. intermedia, Stgr. Taken by Mr. G. O. Sloper at
Granada, in summer, 1911 (date not given).

423. — E. ida, Esp. Very abundant during the sximmer throughout the region.
Earliest record (Gibraltar), May I7th, 1912. The females, which
appear about a week after the males are well established, remain in
good condition until the middle of September.

424. — E. pasipha'e, Esp. Not so common as the last species, nor does it last as
long in good order. First taken April 21st, 1910, on the lower slopes
of the Sierra Carbonera, and my latest record in the season is " San
Roque, June 10th " (1911), when I took it in perfect condition.

434. — Ccenonympha arcanioides, Pierr. Foiind only in Marocco. First taken at
Tangier on September 8th, 1911 ; then at Cape Spartel four days later,
and again at Tangier on March 22nd, 1912.

436. — C dorus, Esp. Taken by Mr. G. O. Sloper, at Granada, in June, 1911.

440. — C. pamphilus, L. Rare. I took two specimens at Granada on Aug. 8th,
1910, and one at Tangier on March 24th, 1912.

457. — Lseosopis rohoris, Esp. Apparently rare. One fine specimen in perfect
condition, taken at San Roque on June 11th, 1910, and one other at
the Cork Woods on July 1st, 1911, where several specimens Avere seen
at flowers of bramble.

4:60.— Thecla spini, Schiif . On the Rock of Gibraltar this species now seems to
occur only at the " Mediterranean Stairs," on the east side, where it
is not rare, in good condition, from the middle of May to the first
week in June. I have not met Avith it elsewhere.

464. — T. ilicis, Esp., var. sesculi, Hb. Very abundant in the Cork Woods, at
Algeciras, and San Roque, during the month of Jime.

4-76.— Callophrys rubi, L. Plentiful in the Cork Woods during the month of
March ; also taken at Tangier, where it does not appear to be so
common, on March 23rd, 1912. Not met with on the Rock.

4&2.—Zephyrus quercus, L. Apparently rare in the district. One specimen
taken at the Waterfalls, near Algeciras, on July 16th, 1910. Others
were seen flying high around the trees.

495.— Thestor hallus, P. This strikingly marked little butterfly (the underside
showing a curious combination of C. rubi and C. pJdseas) is widely
scattered throughout the region, in March and April, but nowhere
very common, except near Campamento, where on one occasion I came
upon both sexes in abundance at the beginning of May, 1910. Being
late in the season, their bad condition saved them from capture for
cabinet specimens.

512. — Chrysophanus phlxas, L. Very abundant throughout the region all the
year round, and very variable in size and markings. The var. eleus, F.,
ocoiirs in the summer.

194 [September,

529. — Lampides hoeticus, L. Widely distributed tliroufrhout the region, from
Marcli to October, but apparently the finest specimens occur in May,
when I have taken examples in Gibraltar measuring 1|" in expanse.

5:50. — L. telicanus, Lang-. Abundant throughout the region from March to
October. I have taken it in the Cork Woods as early as Febriiary 24th
(1912).

543. — Lycaena argus, L., var. hypochiona, Ebr. Taken at Granada by Mr. G. O.
Sloper (summer, 1911).

569. — L. lysimon, Hb. This little " Blue " seems to be rather uncertain in its
appearance. I met with it first in a restricted locality in the Cork
Woods near Almoraima, on July 2nd, 1910, and on this date and two
days after, took a few examples in very fair condition, but apparently
past their best ; on the 29th of the same month they were quite worn
and useless as specimens. The next season (1911) I visited the locality
from the middle of June to the end of Jiily, but no L. lysimon appeared.
My surprise may be imagined when on August 16th (1911) I found it
apparently a few days oiit, and very scarce, in a spot about 500 yards
from the original locality, which I again visited, but found none.
Both restricted localities were more or less boggy. On March 24th,
1912, I took a magnificent specimen near the Jews' Eiver at Tangier.
This species flies low, just above the grass, and quickly, so is diificult
to capture. Judging from above dates, it is apparently double-brooded,
or partially so.

573. — L. hato7i, Berg., var. panoptes, Hb. Taken at Granada by Mr. G. 0.
Sloper on May 6th, 1911.

589. — L. astrarche, Bgstr. Abundant everywhere, almost all the year round. It
is very variable in size : the smallest I have, measuring f " in expanse,
I took at Granada on August 8th, 1910. The largest expands l^",
taken at Cork Woods on May 23rd, 1911. The spots on upper sides of
some female specimens very nearly coalesce, forming broad orange
bands on each wing. On others some of the orange spots are obsolete.

604. — L. icarus, Eott. As abundant as the last species, and as a rule, freqiients
the same localities. I have taken the male as early as Febrviary 2nd
(1910), at Gibraltar, and have seen it flying in November. The males
are not so bright as those taken in England, but the females are
brighter than English specimens ; the orange spots on upper sides
being more fully developed, but otherwise very similar to blue females
I have taken at Sheerness and Queendown Warren, near Chatham.

610. — L. hylas, Esp., var. nivescens, Kef. Taken at Granada by Mr. G. O. Sloper
(summer, 1911).

613. — L. hellargus, Eott. Apparently rare. Taken on the Sierra Carbonera on
April 21st, 1910, April 6th, 1911, and two specimens on June 3rd, 1911,
These correspond with English specimens taken at Queendown Warren,
except there is a little more suffused blue at the base of the wings
underneath.

1913.] 195

614. — L. corydon, Hb., var. albicans, H.-S. This interesting variety taken by
Mr. G. O. Sloper at Granada, in early summer, 1911. He states they
were very plentiful in the locality where they occurred.

634. — L. lorquinii,'ii.-S. Local. Taken at Granada by Mr. Sloper on|Jitne 11th,
1911.

639. — L. melanops, B. I took ray first specimen at the lower slopes of the Sierra
Carbonera, where it was flying with other " Blues," on April 21st, 1910.
On April 6th, 1912, I found it fairly common flying along and across a
small movmtain stream which rose from near the summit of the Sierra
Carbonera, and ran down over rough grotmd and boulders to the plain
below, where the flrst specimen was taken the year before.

650. — Cyaniris argiolus, L. Common throiighout the greater part of the
district from January to October. I took my best specimens at
Granada on Augi^st 8th, 1910.

661. — Adopsea lineola, 0. — Taken at Granada on June 3rd, 1911, and at Campa-
mento in June, 1912. Apparently not very common.

662. — A. thaumas, Hufn. Common throvighout the region, except on the Rock,
from the middle of May to the first week in July.

664. — A. actseon, Eott. This species is abundant throughout the Gibraltar
district, including the Eock, where I have taken it at a place called
" Poco Eoco," high up above sea level (May 24th, 1910), but I have
not seen it in Marocco. It fiies from about the middle of May to the
end of June.

680. — Parnara nostrodamus, F. I did not meet with this species iintil Sept. 11th,
1911 (although carefully searched for during two seasons), when I
found it near Tangier, past its best, and secured six rather bad speci-
mens. On May 27th, 1912, I saw two specimens, and captured one on
some waste sandy ground near the foot of the Sierra Carbonera.

686. — Carcharodus alcex, Esp. Common throughout the region almost all the
year. My earliest record in the season is February 27th (1912).

687.— C. althess, Hb. Very rare. Type form taken at Cork Woods on May 14th,
1910, and var. hseticus, Ebr., at Algeciras, on June 8th, 1912. Probably
this has been passed over for the common H. proto, which it somewhat
resembles.

688. — Hesperia proto, Esp. Two broods of this species during the year — in May
and July. They remain on tlie wing until about the end of September.
Common.

700. — H. sao, Hb., var. therapne, Ebr. Taken at Sierra Carbonera (earliest date,
April 21st, 1910), at Algeciras, from May to July, and a specimen of
what appears to be the type form, taken at Tangier on September 21st,
1910. Not seen on the Eock.

703.— H. alve^is, Hb. Taken in the Cork Woods on July 4th, 1910, and at
Algeciras on May 11th, 1912. Apparently local.

713. — Thanaos tages, L., var. cervantes, Grasl. Taken at Granada by Mr. G. O.

Sloper, from June 3rd to 15th, 1911.

R a

196 [September,

717. — Acherontia atropos, L. — Taken at rest in the day-time. Gibraltar, Sep-
tember 16th, 1911, and October 27th, 1911. A full-fed brown variety
of the larva found on the Upper Rock, on November 1st, 1911, went
to earth inamediately and emei-ged on May 31st, 1912. The " Death's
Head " marking on thorax In-io-hter than in English specimens I have,
otherwise similar.

735. — Protoparce convolvuli, L. Taken on October 2nd, 1911. Apparently rare.

749. — Deilephila euphorbiae, L. Took larva; on spurge at foot of the Sierra
Carbonera, on May 28th, 1911. They pvipated successfully and emerged
on October 19th, 1911. Imago taken at light near Neutral ground on
April 14th, 1912. The larvae seen commonly in the district.

752. — D. lineata, F., var. livornica, Esp. This species was extraordinarily
abundant at Gibraltar in 1911-12 coming to flowers of "Morning
Glory" {Convolvulus) at the back of my house almost every evening
from May 12th to end of July.

753. — Chxrocampa celerio, L. The notes on the preceding species apply equally
to this, except that my earliest record is October 21st (1911), and
latest December 11th (1911).

768. — Macroglossa stellatarum, L. This is one of the most abundant moths in
the region, both in the open and in houses, stables, etc., and is on the
wing all the year round, except perhaps on dull days during the rainy
season.

785. — Dicranura vinula, L. One specimen taken at rest on a telegraph pole at]
Algeciras (Town) Station, on May 20th, 1911.

888. — Orgyia triyotephras, B. Five males and five females bred from larvae taken
on June lOtli, 1911. Two males emerged on June 28th, 1911. The re-j
maining males and the females emerged the next day. For notes on
the life-history of this siDCcies, see the introductory notes of this
paper.

919. — Porthesia similis, Fiiess. Bred in June, 1911, from larvae taken at the
Cork Woods. The imago taken at Algeciras on July 16th, 1910, and
at Granada on Augiist 8th, 1910. The black dots on fore-wings are
very conspicxious, except on those taken at Granada, which are quite
plain without a trace of dots. ^

929. — Lymantria dispar, L. Larvae taken at the Cork Woods on June 10th,
1911 (see introductory notes to this paper), produced imagines from
July 1st to 21st, 1911. This species is widely distribixted throughout
tlio Gibraltar district, somewhat locally, but in very great abundance
where it occurs.

956. — Jlfa?acoso«i-a neustria, L. This species swarmed at Gibraltar in the
Alameda, on the evening of June 24th, 1911, attracted thither by the
large electric arc lamps erected on high poles for illuminations in con-
nection with tlie first Gibraltar fair. I have not found it a very
common species in the district. Tlie longitudinally blue-banded

1913.] 197

larvae occasionally met with in the Cork Woods, where the cocoons,
which are not impregnated with the sulphury -looking powder as is the
case in England, are sometimes found spun vip in long grass.

976. — Lasiocampa trifolii, Esp. The larviB of this species, which at first sight
look so much like a grey variety of that of the common English " Oak
Eggar " {L. quercus, L.), are often found on broom and other bushes.
Imagines emerged on September 24th, 1910, and September 22nd, 1911.
A fine male flying in the afternoon svmshine at Tangier was cap-
tured on September 10th, 1911.

1007. — Taragama repanda, Hb. A female taken on a shop window at Gibraltar
on August 19th, 1910, and a fine fresh male on a lamp post at
Gibraltar on October 18th, 1911.

103-1. — Saturnia pyri, Schiff. The beautiful larva of this fine sijecies was taken
on fruit trees at Gibraltar on July 21st, 1911, fed up on apple leaves,
diily pupated and emerged during May and June, 1912 ; one as early
as April 4th. The imago, which appears to be rather common in the
region, including Tangier, taken on the wing, and at rest, in April and
May.

1102. — Acronycta rumicis, L. Imago not common. Two examples taken at rest
on trunks of cork trees at Almoraima on July 1st, 1911.

1152. — Agrotis pronuha, L. Not common. Taken in my house at Gibraltar
where it came to light on May 7th, 1910.

1185. — A. c-nigrum, L. Apparently rare. One specimen taken at Gibraltar at
light on June 19th, 1911.

1344. — A. spinifera, Hb. Gibraltar, October, 1911. Not common.

1345. — A. puta, Hb. Very common at light in Gibraltar from February to
April, and again from September to November. Apparently double-
brooded and very variable.

1400. — A. segetum, Schiff. Not so common as last species, but still plentiful at
light and, very occasionally, at ivy bloom in October.

1401. — A. trux, Hb. I took a fresh specimen of this species on the glass of the
upper verandah at the Washington Hotel, Granada, where I was
staying, on Avigust 7th, 1910.

1402. — A sa^icia, Hb. More plentiful than A. segetum and there is, apparently,
more than one brood in the year. I have taken fresh specimens at
Gibraltar, in March, May, and December. Both the reddish and the
dark brown forms occur.

1405. — A. crassa, Hb. This variable species I found not unconnnon at liglit in
Gibraltar. It does not apjjear to last long however: my earliest
record, September 20th (1911), and latest, October 11th (1910).

1401. — A. ohesa, B. One specimen taken at Gibraltar on October 11th, 1910.

1425. — Pachnohia (Episilia) faceta, Fr. This species, which is very variable, is

198 [September,

common at light in Gibraltar diiring the month of November, appear-
ing early in the month, and lasting, in good condition, until nearly
the end. I have, however, one specimen taken on June 9th (1911),
and one dark specimen taken on Decenibpr ]5th (1911). It is recorded
in former lists as Orrhodia erythrocephala, W.V., which it greatly
resembles.

1435. — Glottula pancratii, Cyr. One specimen taken at light in Gibraltar on
October 2nd, 1910. I had not the good fortune to meet with the
larva, although I imdcrstand it is very common on the coast sand-
hills.

1477. — Mamestra trifolii, Roth. One fine specimen taken in Gibraltar on
August 15th, 1911.

1513. — M. chrysozona {dysodea, W.V.), Bkh. Taken on tree-trunks in Gibraltar
in April and May, also in Avxgust. Not common.

1514. — M. Serena, F. Gibraltar, on tree-trunks in May. Darker than British
specimens. Rather scarce.

1553. — Dianthcecia carpophaga, Bkh., vax-. capsophila, Dup. One fine specimen
taken in Gibraltar on April 25th, 1912.

1587. — Bryophila receptricula, Hb. Taken at light in Gibraltar. Middle of
September (1911). Apparently rare.

1588. — B. ravida, Hb. Gibraltar. August and September. Not uncommon at
light.

1592. — B. algx, F.S.— Apparently rare. One taken at Gibraltar, September
24th, 1910.

1599. — B. ymiralis, Forst. Brightly marked examples of this type form taken at
rest on tree-trunks and walls in Gibraltar during the months of
Aiigust and September. The var. par, Hiibn., and intermediate forms
between this and the type were found in the same positions during
July and Augvist. Also taken at sugar and light. A not uncommon
species.

1782. — Antitype (Polia) duhia, Dup. Taken at light in Gibraltar from Septem-
ber to November. Not uncommon.

1823. — Dryohota saportse, Diip. Common at Gibraltar in October and Novem-
ber. Hibernated specimens met with in April.

1867. — Brotolomia meticulosa, L. I have met with only two examples of this
connnon British species. One t.aken on cvirtains in house, October
11th, 1910 ; the other bred from a solitary larva picked up in my
"patio," which emerged on March 5th, 1911.

1870. — Mania maura, L. One fine fresh example of this species netted in the
day time as it flew from the edge of a shallow stream just behind
Almoraima Station, in the Cork Woods. June 16th, 1912.

1925. - Sesamia nonagrioides, Lef. This Leuca7iia-like species I found very scarce
in Gibraltar at light in October (1910). I undei-stand it is a common
species in Algeria.

1913.] 199

1947. — Lcucania (Cirphis) putrcscens, Hb. Very plentiful at light in Gibraltar,
during September and October.

1954. — L. l-alhum, L. Rather scarce. Taken at light in Gibraltar with the
preceding species.

1957. — L. lorerji, Dup. Found with t le two preceding species.

1961. — L. vitellina, Hb. One speci.nen taken with the preceding species on
October 5th, 1910.

1966. — L. albipuncta, F. A rather small race of this species occurred, rarely, at
Gibraltar in May and August. Three examjiles taken at light.

1988. — (?) Amphidrina agrotina, Stgr. This is the nearest species that could
be found in the British (Nat. Hist.) Museum. It was represented
there by only one si^eciinen from Port Sudan, Red Sea, which is smaller
than my examples. I took five specimens in Gibraltar on the following
dates : September 24th, 1910 (worn) ; September 25th, 1911 (good con-
dition) ; March 7th, 1912 (good condition and larger) ; March 26th
and April 12th, 1912. The last two, now in the Museum, about the
same size as the first taken, but one rather worn.

1990. — Caradritia (Athetis) cxigua, Hb. At light, Gibraltar, September and
October, also May and June. My brightest specimen taken June 15th,
1912. Not rare.

2000. — C. quadripunctata, F, {Athetis clavipalpis. Scop.) This common Ei-itish
species is abundant in Gibraltar, at light, in October and March.

2010. — Athetis (?) tcrrca, Frr. (dark form.) This obscure wnd doubtful species
I found fairly common in Gibraltar, at light, diu-ing the first three
weeks in October.

2019. — C. amhigua., F. At light, Gibraltar in October and April. Not very
common.

2039. — Gracilipalpus ephialtes, Hb. This obscurely marked, but conspicuous,
species seems to be out but a very short time in Gibraltar. I took it
at light and sugar between the 19th and 28th August, 1911, but not
plentifully. I did not see one specimen before or after these dates.

2186. — Xylocampa areola, Esp. Taken at light in Gibraltar, November and
February They are darker and greyer than English specimens.

2250. — Cucullia chamomillx , Schiff. One fine specimen taken at light in Gibral-
tar on February 5th, 1912.

2281. — Eurhipia adulatrix, Hb. Taken on my verandah, Gibraltar, at light on
September 17th, 1911. Scarce.

2325. — Heliothis peltigera, Schiff. Common in May and June at Gibraltar,
Algecii'as, Sierra Carbonera, and Granada. Distui-bed from grass in
the daytime ; also taken at light.

2327. — H. annigera, Hb. Gibraltar, September and October. Not common.

2378. — Acontia lucida, Hb., var. alhicollis, F. Rare, taken at light in Gibral-
tar, May 12th, 1912.

2()0 [September,

2380. — A. luctnosa, Esp. Taken at Algeciras in May (1911), and at Tangier in
September (1911).

2394. — Thalpocharcs (Eublemma) velox, HI). Tliree specimens taken at light in
Gibraltar from September to November (1910). Apparently rare.

2396.— r. lacernMria, Hb. Taken at Granada on August 8tli, J 910. This
species is common, I understand, in some parts of Spain.

2428. — T. ostrina, Hb. I foimd this insect at Granada, Algeciras, Gibraltar,
and Cork Woods, from May to October, but not commonly. Besides
the type form, the abs. carthcimi, U.S., and mstivalis, Gn., also occur.

2429. — T. parva, Hb. Beaten out of old thistles in July and August at
Gibraltar. Fairly common.

2431. — T. paula, Hb. Taken at the waterfalls near Algeciras on July 16th,
1910. Not common.

2437.— T. pura, Hb. Taken at Gibraltar in June and August (1911). Not
common.

2557. — Plusia chalcites, Esp. Stray larva' of this species were found in the
summer of 1911, on plants growing in pots placed on the verandah of
my house at Gibraltar. These duly pupated and produced imagines
from Augu.st 11th (1911) to April 3rd (1912).

2562. — P. gamma, L. Specimens met with throughout the year in the greater
part of the district, but not generally abundant. On one occasion
(May 20th, 1911), however, I saw it in great profusion in an open
locality to the west of Algeciras.

2571. — P. ni, Hb. One specimen taken at Gibraltar on April 13th, 1912.

2583. — Metoptria monogramma, Hb. I foimd this species very common at the
back (East) of the Rock of Gibraltar, on a path high vnp, where its
food-plant, Psoralea bituminosa, L., is plentiful. April and May.
Although it flies by day it is not always easy to capture, owing to its
habit of darting over the cliff, on the edge of which the path is
situated. It occasionally comes to light, and I have taken it in the
Cork Woods.

2644. — Grammodes algira, L. This strikingly marked and conspicuous moth,
although scarce in the region, is widely distributed. It is easily dis-
turbed from undergrowth by day and will come to sugar and light. In
the year 1911 I took it in the Cork Woods by day on May 23rd, and at
sugar on August 16th ; on August 19th I also took it at sugar in Gib-
raltar. On September 12th two examples were kicked up at Cape
Spartel (Marocco) but lost under boulders, after a long chase. The
next day I took a fine specimen in the ante-i'oom of my hotel at
Tangier, and on September 23rd my last specimen was taken at light
in my liouse at Gibraltar.

2670. — Catocala elocata, Esp. One specimen at sugar on September 29th, 1910.
Gibraltar.

1913.] 201

2671. — C. obcrthurii, Aiist. Taken near Algeciras, on Angiist 30th, 1911, where
a large number were seen darting in and out of holes in a stone wall
at the foot of which a bi'ook was running. They were difficult to get
at, but two chipped specimens were secvired. Also taken at Tangier
on September 8th, 1911.

2685. — C. conjuncta, Esp. A specimen of this "crimson underwing" flew into a
tree under which we were sheltering from the noonday sun in the
Cork Woods on August 5th, 1911. It was secvu'ed and found to be
rather badly chipped. There were numbei's of Catocala about in
the Cork Woods about this time, but it was not easy to get near
them, owing to their shyness.

2713. — C. conversa, Esp. Taken at light near the Neutral ground, Gibraltar,
August 7th, 1911.

2715. — C. nymphagoga, Esp. Taken at rest on cork tree trunks, July 1st, 1911.
Almoraima.

2763. — Nodaria nodosalis, H.S. At light, Gibraltar, August 8th, 1911.

2797 .—Herminia crinalis, Tr. Common in Gibraltar from April to June, and
again in October.

2818. — Hyjpena obsitalis, Tr. Taken all the year round, mostly in houses, at
Gibraltar.

2820.— H. lividalis, Hb. Taken at Gibraltar and Algeciras in waste places,
dvu-ing June, September, and October.

2861. — Pse^idoterpna coronillaria, Hb. Occurs at Gibraltar, but not very com-
monly, in May, June, and July, and again in October.

2901. — Eucrostis beryllaria, Mn. Once taken at light, Gibraltar, September
26th, 1910.

2902— £. menadaria, Th.-Mieg. Eare. Gibraltar, July 18th, 1911.

2907. — Nemoria pulmentaria, Gn. Occurs at Gibraltar in April and August,
but not commonly.

2923. — Acidalia nexata, Hb. This tiny Geometer is common at Algeciras in
March and April. Flies by day with the following species.

2927. — A. vittaria, Hb. Taken plentifully at Algeciras, Tangier, and Sierra

Carbonera, in March, and at San Roque in June.
2934. — A. ochrata, Gn., var. sicula, Z. Common and flies by day at Algeciras,

Cork Woods, Campamento, and San Koque during May and June.
2947. — A. mediaria, Hb. Apparently rare. Gibraltar at end of June (1910).
2954. — A. subsaturata, Gn. Also rare. Algeciras, May 25th, 1912.
2971b. — A. alyssumata. Mill. One specimen taken at Gibraltar on July 5th, 1911.
2978. — A. cervantaria, Mill., var. depressaria, Stgr. Gibraltar, May 1st, 1911.

Apparently rare.
2980. — A. camparia, H.S. Taken at light in Gibraltar during September and

October, Scarce.

202 [September,

2981.—^. soclaliaria, H.S. Gibraltar, May Oth, li)12. Scarce.

2983. — A. virgularia, Hb. An abundant species throughout the greater part of
the year, in the Gibraltar district. Taken also at Tangier in
September.

SOO.^. — A. attemiaria, Ebr. Karo. One specimen taken at light in Gibraltar on
October 24th, 1910.

3010. — A. obsolctaria, Kbr. Taken in Gibraltar in July and August. Kather
scarce.

3013. —A. eugeniata. Mill. Taken in Gibraltar, where it is double-brooded but
never plentiful. The Spring brood appears at the end of March, the
Autmnn brood about the middle of Octobei. Ab. jacobsi, Prout.
Mr. Prout remarks " Among some fine large first-brood forms there are
two or three of a striking aberration quite new to me. In these there
is a distinct, moderately broad dark central band, recalling A. dcgencr-
aria. I propose for this form the name of ab. jacobsi, n. ab., in honour
of the discoverer."

3014. — A. helianthemata. Mill. Gibraltar. Two examples at light on July
27th, 1910.

3020. — A. herbariata, F. Apparently double-brooded, but scarce. Gibraltar
July and October (1910-1911).

3036. — A. rubiginata, Stgr. Two examples of this bright little Acidalia taken
in the pine woods near San Roque on June 11th, 1910,

3043. — A. degeneraria, Hb. Taken at Gibraltar in May and Jime, 1911. Scarce.

3064.— '.4. viarginepundata, Goze. {promutata, Gn.) One of the most abimdant
Geometers on the Rock of Gibraltar, where it occurs cliiefly in the
autumn months.

3066.— 4. romanaria, Mill. Taken at Gibraltar and Granada, where it occurs
from August to November. Scarce.

3093. — A. imitaria, Hb. An abundant species in Gibraltar, occurring from
March to October. Apparently double-brooded.

3095. — A. ornata, Thnbg., var. decorata, Bkli. One specimen at Granada
(June, 1911).

New — A. hispunaria, Piing. Taken at Gibraltar on Jvily 31st, and August 4th,
1911. Mr Prout remarks : "A new species just being described from
S. Spain, in Vol. IV. of Seitz's Macrolep. of tlie World."

3112. — Ephyra pupillaria, Hb. Cork Woods in June and August (1911-12).
Not common.

3113. — E. porata, F. One specimen taken in Cork Woods, April 21st, 1912.

3124. — Rodostrnphia calabraria, Z. This pretty pink-barred species taken on
the lower slopes of the Sierra Carbonera on May 29th and June 3rd,
1911. It flies amongst grass dtu'ing the day and is not luicommon.

1913-] 203

3143. — Sterrha sacr-aria, L. This species which is so rare in Britain, is abund-
ant throughout the Gibraltar region during the summer and autumn
months.

3220. — Anaitis plaijiata, L. — Taken in March and June (1911) at San Eoque
and the Sierra Carbonera. Not common.

3230. — Chesias rufata, E. {obliquata, F.) One specimen on electric light lamp,
Gibraltar, on February 22nd, 1912.

3344. — Larentia Jiuctuata, L. I have found this species, which is apparently
double-brooded, fairly common in Gibraltar, from January to Mai-ch,
and again from October to December. The ab. neapolisata. Mill.,
occurs with the type form.

3378.— L. fluviata, Hb. Taken at Gibraltar, in May (1912) and September
(1911). Not common.

3406. — L. ibericata, Stgr. Occurs at same time and place as L. jiuctuata.

3425. — L. hasochesiata, Dup. Taken at Gibraltar during October and November
(1910—11). Not common.

3511. — Tephroclystis {Eupithecia) oblongata, Thnbg. (centaureata, W.V.). At
light, Gibraltar, October 9th, 1911.

3556. — T. linguiata, Mill. Gibraltar, May oth, 1911. Apparently i-are.

3597. — T. scopariata, E.br. Gibraltar, June 2nd, 1911. Rare.

3648. — T. dodoneata, Gn. Gibraltar, April 21st, 1912. Eare.

3658. — T. pumilata, Hb. Common in Gibraltar at light, and apparently there
are several broods during the year. I have taken it from March to
November. The June brood is especially fine.

3672. — Phibalapteryx scorteata, Stgr. A few examples taken at light in Gibral-
tar dm-ing October, 1910 — 11.

3699. — Abraxas pantaria, L. Very rare in Gibraltar during my stay there, but
this insect may become plentiful at any time. A few examples taken
amongst ash trees in the Cork Woods on August 5th, 1911. One at
Gibraltar on September 25th, 1911.

, 3707. — Stegania trimaculata, Vill., ab. cognataria, Vill. One specimen beaten
from a garden hedge at Mount Washington, Tangier, on September
8th, 1911.

3724. — Metrocampa honoraria, Schiff. One fine example of this "Thorn" taken
in the Cork Woods on July 1st, 1911.

3751. — Crocallis dardoinaria, Donz. Taken in Gibraltar at light in October
and November, 1910—11. Scarce.

3826. — Biston strataria, Hb. One fine specimen taken at light in Gibraltar
on April 28th, 1911. It is brighter and more distinctly marked than
the British specimens I possess.

204 [September,

3843. — Hcmcrophila japygiana, Costa. Tliis variable and local species is fairly
common in Gibraltar, whei-e there appears to be a continuous brood
during the year. I have taken fresh specimens in February and
during each month from June to December.

3914. — Tephronia codctaria, Obth. One example taken off a tree-trunk at the
waterfalls near Algeciras on July 16th, 1910.

(To be continued).

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF EUBYPHENE FROM

WEST AFRICA.

BY G. C. DUDGEON, F.E.S.

The insects described liere belong to the Eujjhxdr a -like section of
the genus, but are distinct from any of the described forms. They
correspond with E. barombina, Staud., in having the apex of the fore-
wing with a white spot in both sexes, and in the cell of the same wing
being crossed by two blue or greenish bars, but they differ in having a
distinct sub-apical ochreous bar across interspaces 4, 5, and 6 in both
sexes, and in the inner area of the forewing and disc of the hindwing
being steel-blue or greenish, the last with a whitish or yellowish patch
in the middle of interspaces 4 — 6. The underside of the hindwing
bears a sub-qiiadrate whitish patch in the middle of interspace 7,
which marking is not present in E. barombina. .

EURYPHENE ASHANTINA, SjJ. H.
cJ . Forewing black, more or less sprinkled with blue or greenish scales
below the costa ; cell crossed by two l>lue or greenish- blue bars followed by an
indistinct blue or purplish one beyond the discocellulars : a subapical well-
defined ochreous bar from vein 7 nearly reaching vein 4, widening below the
middle of interspace 5 and bearing a black spot \ipon it below vein 5 ; a sub-
triangular steel-blue or greenish patch having one side extending along the
inner margin from one quarter distance from the base to about 3 mm. from the
outer margin, and the apex reacliing to vein 5 where it is suffused into the
subapical ochreous bar ; the bases of all the interspaces black ; indistinct
blackish marks on the blue or greenish area between the veins — an oval one in
interspace 3 and strigiform ones in 2 and 6 ; a suffused blackish border to the
outer margin about 3 mm. in width and a quadrate white apical spot. Hind-
wing with the base and outer margin black, the latter about 3 mm. in width
and iuAvardly suffused with indigo-blue, l)roadest towards tlic apex ; disc of
wing steel-blue or greenish witli a whitish or oclireous patch in interspaces
3 — 6 crossed by blue or gi'eenish lines of scales between the veins ; cell with
two round black spots in the middle, the upper the larger, and a divided black
mark on the upper part of the discocellulars.

'^ . ForcAving with the apex produced, hindwing somewhat quadrate in

1913]. - 205

outline. Forewing with the blue bars in the cell indistinct ; subapical dark
ochreous band extending- from vein 7 to near the middle of interspace 2, angled
outwardly at vein 5 and bearing blackisli streaks upon it between the veins in
the middle of interspaces 3 and 4 ; triangular patch on the middle of the inner
margin bine, or greenish-blue, reaching to middle of interspace 2, and leaving- a
larger black area at the bases of the interspaces and a broader black outer
marginal band than in the male. Hindwing bhxe, or greenish-blue, with a
broad black or indigo marginal band; a large pale blue or pale yellow patch
upon the disc beyond the cell from vein 3 to above vein 7 ; two rounded black
spots in the middle of the cell and a divided black mark on the discocellulars.
Underside of both sexes g-reenish, suffused with dusky scales on the outer
areas ; the subapical and discal areas appearing as ochreous suft"usions ; cell of
the forewing with a subbasal dark spot followed by two black ring marks
placed one above the other, and an irregularly shaped ring spot on the disco-
cellulars ; hindwing with two dark ring spots in the middle of the cell and a
divided dark mark on the discocellulars.

Both sexes may have the colour scales on the upper side steely-blvie or
greenish, but when the latter is found, it is never of the yellow or golden green
tint of the allied species.

Expanse .- J , 74 mm. ? , 90 mm.

Habitat : Ashanti ; Grold Coast. The types are in coll. Dudgeon,
but co-types are being presented to the British Museum collection.

" Honeyden,"

North Cray, Kent : *"

July 29th, 1913.

ON SEMI-APTEROUS FEMALES IN LEPIDOPTERA.
BY G. V. HUDSON, P.E.S.

I have to thank the readers of the Entomologist's Monthly
Magazine for the kindly interest they have taken in my paper on the
above subject, and desire now to offer a few supplementary remarks
on the subsequent communications which have appeared.

Dr. Chapman's explanation is in agreement with mine in that
both affirm that the apterous or semi-apterous condition of the female
has been acquired to keep the female on its food-plant, or in the case
of the Psychids, Orgyias, Arctiids, &c., on its cocoon. The latter
explanation, which is wholly due to Dr. Chapman, is, I think, a true
one, and really assists my theory, as it is precisely those species which
deposit their eggs on the cocoon which do not appear in winter (^Meta-
crias, CEceticus, Orophora, Scoriodyta, &c., in New Zealand, and
Orgyia, &c., in England). The remaining semi-apterous female

206 f September,

Geometers and Tineids, enumerated Ly me, nearly all appear durino:
cold periods, and, according to my theory, would be liable to perish
from cold before depositing their eggs if they were able to leave the
food-plant for a lengthened period. Dr. Chapman contends that a
female benvmibed with cold would not be able to deposit its eggs.
This has not, so far as I am aware, l)een proved at present, but it is
known that females moribund from other causes can deposit their
eggs, and this is often demonstrated by the behaviour of half dead
female insects on the setting board. Dr. Chapman considers that the
low temperatures ruling in winter prevent, to a great extent, the
emanation of the characteristic odours of plants, and that if winged
the females would be unable to find the food-plant. I consider that
the wingless condition has been acquired to keep the female on the
food-plant, otherwise she might stray away and perish with cold before
laying her eggs. This is the essential difference between our two ex-
planations, and future experiment and investigation must determine
which is correct.

Mr. Porritt's remarks as to the conveyance through the air of
apterous or semi-apterous females by their males are interesting, but
unfortunately are not supported by sufficient facts ; tlie balance of
evidence, as cited by Dr. Chapman, being in the reverse direction. As
already pointed out in my paper, it is I think fairly evident that the
disabilities these insects laboiu" under as regards means of dispersal
are largely neutralized by the fact that they all feed on very common
and widely distributed food-plants, and it is therefore quite conceivable
that the needful distribution may be sufficiently effected by the insects
crawling from tree to tree, either as larvae, during the summer months,
or as perfect females during mild periods in winter.

I cannot in any way follow Dr. J. H. Wood's views in regard to
wingless Geometers. In New Zealand, several species of Geometers
with fully developed wings appear during the winter months, and
occasionally may be observed resting on tree trunks. The cold here
is fairly severe, a temperature of 40 degrees Fahrenheit with drenching
rain and hail driven by a fierce southerly gale being often experienced
during the months of May, June, July, and Avigust. Yet winter
Geometers with ample and flimsy wings occur during those months,
and our single species of Hybernia with its semi-apterous female is a
great rarity in most parts of New Zealand, although some of the
semi-apterous female Tineids are common during July and August.
I have observed tlie following species of winged Geometers in fair

1913.] 207

numbers duriusjf May and June, and occasionally in July and August :
Chloroclystis dryas, C. indicataria, Venusia verriculafa, Xanthorhoe
rosearia (common), X. hicidata, Selidosema dejectaria, S. fenerata,
Declana fir>ccosa (common), Epirrantliis alectoraria, E. hemipteraria,
and Drepanodes muriferata. It may I think be safely assumed that,
with the exception of C. dryas, X. hicidata, and X. rosearia, which
are winter species proper, all these insects hibernate in the imago
state

" Hillview," Karori, Wellington,
New Zealand :

June 10th, 1913.

A NEW LISTROPSYLLA AND THE J OF CTENOPIITHALMUS
CALCEATUS, Waterst. (1912), BOTH FROM SOUTH AFRICA.

(Plate V.)

BY THE HON. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHILD, M.A., F.L.S.

The Eev. James Waterston has requested me to publish descrip-
tions of the two species of flea referred to above, which he received
from the Eev. R. Godfrey. The type specimen of the new species
Mr. Waterston has kindly allowed me to retain.

1. LisTROPSYLLA CHELURA, spec. nov. (PI. V, figs. 1 and 2.)

S ? . Near L. dolosus, Roths. (1907), from British East Africa and Uganda.
The pronotnm, however, bears only two rows of bristles, the comb contains
2U sjjines, the first mid-tarsal segment is half as long again as the second, and
the modified abdominal segments also are different.

The mesonotiim has fewer bristles on the sides between the base and the
first row ; the mesopleiira bear from 1 1 to 16 bristles and the metepimerum
from 15 to 20. The 7th abdominal sternite has from 9 to 12 bristles in the S
most of which are small, and 34 in the ? .

Modified Segments — ^ . The eighth sternite (PI. V, fig. 1, viii, st.) has
far more bristles than in L. dolosus, there being a snb-apical row of four or five
or six vei-y long ones, and in between and proximally to that row about 20
smaller bristles. The clasper and ninth sternite agree in the general outline
with those of L. dolosus, but are mvich broader, and their structure is very
different in the detail. The clasper somewhat resembles a boot with the sole
and heel directed distad and the toes upwards. The sole bears a row of thin
bristles and the heel one large bristle accompanied by a smaller one. Tlie
movable process F. (pi. V, fig. 1 F) is curved as in L. dolosus, but broader, and
the large bristle placed at its ventral margin is much longer and thicker. The
ninth sternite (IX.st.) is particularly characterised by the horizontal arm
bearing beyond the centre, where it is feebly elbowed, two very strong bristles,

208 [September,

which are about one-seventh shorter than the diameter of the broadest portion

of process F ? . The eighth tergite (PI. V, lig. 2) has a row of four

bristles from the stigma downwards, and bears on the widened ventral portion
14 lateral bristles, and 12 or 13 apical marginal ones. The ninth sternite has only-
two or three small bristles on the sides. The lioad of the receptacxdum seminis
is almost exactly spherical.

Two (^ (^ from Pirie, King William's Town, South Africa, off
Arvicanthis 'pxunilio, and one ? from the same locality off Mysorex
tenuis, all three specimens sent by the Rev. R. Godfrey. Type in my
collection.

2. Ctenophthalmus calceatus, Waterst. (1912).

9 Ctenoplitlialmus calceatus, Waterstou, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) xxiii,
p. 27 text, fig. (1912) (Pirie, S. Africa).

A close ally of Gt. ansorgei. Roths. (1907), from Angola, but the
modified abdominal segments are different.

In the (? the eighth sternite is very liroad at the apex ; the clasper (PI. V,
fig. 3, CI.) is produced into two lobes (P) of which the upper one bears three
long bristles. The lower lobe resembles a boot with the sole directed distad
and the toes upwards, there being one long bristle at the " heel." The movable
process (F) is very broad, and, at the apex, very strongly rounded, the apex
being more obtuse in one of the two specimens before me than in tlie other.
The process bears the usual I'ow of short, stout, pointed bristles at the apical
edge, and has six slender bristles, three long and three short, above the centre
of the distal {^= ventral) margin. The ninth sternite is so obscured in the
two examples that the outline of the ventral arm cannot be made out distinctly!
The segment appears to resemble that of Ct. ansorgei.

Two S S fi'oin Pirie, King William's Town, July 24th, 1912, off
Arvicanthis pumilio, sent by the Rev. R. Godfrey. Mr. Waterston
has kindly given me one of the specimens for my collection.

Explanation of Plate V.

Fig 1. Listropsylla chelura $ , clasping organs ; VIII st. and IX st. = 8th
and 9th sternite, CI. = clasper, M = manubrium, P = process of clasper,
F =^ movable process.

Fig. 2. Listropsylla chelura ?, abdominal segments VII and VIII.

Fig. 3. Ctenojththalmus calceatus ^ , clasping organs.

Arundel House,
Kensington Palace Gardens, Ijondon .-
June, 1913.

1913.] 209

SEXUAL DIMOKPHISM IN A SPKCIES OF SCIARA.

BY F. W. EDWARDS, B.A., F.E.S.

(Published by pcnnissio7i of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

At the end of February of the present year, I received a number
of Sciarid larvae which had been found by Miss F. Collins in her
garden at Clapham, near Worthing, Sussex. The larvae were practi-
cally full grown when received ; they were about 8 mm. long, yellowish
in colour, and with a double row of oval lemon-yellow granules along
the dorsal surface arranged in groups of six on each of the last six or
seven abdominal segments. The larvae pupated soon afterwards, and
spent nearly three weeks in the pupal state, at the end of which time
I was fortunate enough to hatch out some Hies, 4 ^^ and 8 $ . It was
at once noticeable that all the males were small spidery creatures with
reduced wings and quite incapable of flight, but as there was a
possibility that out of so small a number, all the males might have
happened to be cripples, I decided to wait until further evidence was
forthcoming before deciding that this was a peculiar case of sexual
dimorphism.

The additional evidence was available much sooner than was to
be expected, for to my great surprise and pleasure, Mr. W. L. Distant
brought me a lot of exactly similar larvae on April 23rd. These were
dug up by Mr. Distant in his garden at Norwood, where they were
feeding in immense numbers on decaying woody roots ; Mr. Distant
told me that he could easily have (collected a gallon of them ! These
larvae again were practically full grown. Before pupating they fonned
into a procession and explored the boundaries of their tin, but finding
themselves unable to migrate, or perhaps thinking they had done so,
they all pupated in a mass, forming themselves a common covering of
silk and minvite particles of rotten wood. After a fortnight spent in
the pupal stage, the flies emerged about May 20th, to the number of
about 50 J* and 150 ? . As was the case with the original specimens
from Sussex, the males were all much smaller than the females and
with reduced wings ; moreover, the wings were not only reduced in
size, but the neuration was degraded in an almost constant manner.
The males were aljsolutely iucapajjle of flight ; the females, tliough
they could fly when compelled to do so by l)eing dropped, never
attempted of their own acco'-d to use their wings, the disinclination
probably being due to the size and weight of the abdomen. The
wings of the male, in life, were about two-thirds as long, those of
the female about the same length, as the abdomen ; after death the

210 [September,

male abdomen shrivels somewhat. It may he mentioned that the eggs
appear to be laid in long strings ; some females were found dead with
strings of 20 — 30 bright yellow^ eggs protruding from the abdomen.
The male and female pupae can readily be distinguished l»y their size
and also liy the length of their wing cases ; these are nuich shorter
(relative to the length of the leg-cases) in the male than in the female.

Although this is a remarkable instance of sexual dimorphism,
owing to the reduction of the wdngs occurring in the male and not the
female sex, it is not the only one on record in the genus Sciara. Lund-
beck describes a species (S. blformi'^) from Greenland, in wdiich the
male is smaller than the female and has the wings abbreviated, but in
8. biformis the neuration is not so degraded as in the present species.
Kieffer describes a more normal case of dimorphism in S. menibrani-
gera, in which the male has normal wings, and the female has them
rudimentary, without any distinct venation. In other genera of the
Sciaridse (Epidapris, Bradysia, Peyerimhoffia.) various forms of re-
duction of the wings occur. One of the most interesting cases is that
of Peyeriinhi)JJi.a (Epidapus) scahiei, Hopkins, in which the female is
destitute of wings and halteres, while there are two forms of the
male, one with abbreviated and the other with normal wings.

I have with some reluctance come to the conclusion that our species
is undescribed. Both by Winnertz' monograph and G-rzegorzek's table
(Berl. ent. Zeitschr., 1884, p. 49) it would appear to lie nearest to S. vir-
gnUornm, Winn., but that species has lighter legs, and moreover its male,
which has been subsequently described by Strobl (Wien. ent. Zeit.,
XIX, p. 9&), has normal wings. S. biformis, Liindb., differs in several
details of coloration ; the male has different venation, and the female
has hyaline wings. The present species belongs to Sciara in the
restricted sense: it has three- jointed palpi, face not produced, eyes
slightly hairy, simple claws and typical venation in the female. I
therefore describe the species as follows : —

Sciara semialata, sp. nov. Body, ^ , lon;,'th 18-2 mm. ; 9 , 3-0-3-3 mm. ;
wing len<,'th, g , 1-i mm. ; 9 , -^'O "uii- Division II, A. 1. B. b of Winnertz.

Whole insect black, except for the base of the lialteres, and (in life) the
sides and incisures of the abdomen, which are yellowish ; and the front femora
and coxae, which are dark brown. The thora.x is distinctly, but not con-
spicuoiisly, shining. The wings, especially in the female, ax-e smoky black,
darker towards the anterior margin ; in the male a little| shorter than the short,
thick abdomen ; in the female as long as the more elongated abdomen. Vena-
tion as in the figures : in the female R' ends very slightly but constantly before
the base of the fork of the media; the "cross-vein" may be exactly in the

1<J13.]

211

middle of the first longitudinal (E.^), or very slightly beyond it, and in very
rare instances the base of the upper branch of the media is defective ; in the
male the media is invariably simple, and Rs always touches the apex of R ' ; the
cubitus may be entirely simple or may have the lower branch more or less
present, but never complete. The antennae in the female are slightly shorter,
in the male a little longer, than the head and thorax together.

Type ill the British Museum, from Norwood, Surrey ( W. L. Distant) ;
paratypes in the British Museum, the Cambridge Museum, and iu
Mr. J. E. Collin's collection.

SCIARA SEMIALATA, Sp. n.

(a) wing of (J , x 18 ; (b) wing of $, x 18 ; (c) hypopygium of S from beneath, x tifi
(d) apex of 9 abdomen from the side, x 66.

British Museum (Natural History :
Mly, 1913. ^

Note on the Clirysomela sanguinolenta and marginalis of British collections. —
My friend Dr. Bergroth has just called my attention to a paper by Mr. Tor
Helliesen on Chrysomela sanguinolenta, L., and its allies, written in Esperanto
and published in the " Aarshefte" of the Stavanger Museum for 1911 (issued
in 1912), pp. 1-16, pis. i-iii. This paper affects the names or synonymy of our
two British forms, and an extract from it will interest Coleopterists. The four
species recognised are : 1, sanguinolenta, L., Thoms. (nee Kiister, Weise) ;
2, gypsophilae, Kiist. (with vars gaubili, Luc, and lucidicollis, Kiist.) ; 3, kiisteri,
n.n. {= sanguinolenta, Kiist., Weise) ; 4, crassicornis, n. sp. No. 1 is the insect
known to us under the name marginalis, Dvxft. (distinguenda, Steph.) ; Nos. 2,
3 do not, I believe, occur in Britain ; No. 4, crassicorriis, is the C. sanguinolenta

S 2

2 ] 2 [September,

of our collections. The distribution of the last-mentioned insect is g^iven as
S.W. Norway, Orkneys, and Shetland, on sea-coast and on mountains, in zone
of Armeria maritima. Figures of the elytral sculpture, marj^'inal stripe (in
colour), and u-enitalia are given in each case, and specimens of each species,
determined by the author, are to he seen in the British Museum. This is the
first entomological paper I have seen in Esperanto, and it is perhaps a question
whether such descrijitions should Vx- recognised! — G. C. Champion, Horsell,
AVoking: Aiigust 19th, 1913.

Omalium cxsum, Grav., and its supposed variety, tricolor, M^ds. et Rey. —
In his "Supplement" to the "British Coleoptei-a," p. S3, Canon Fowler
definitely decides that the form of Omalium we have long known as 0. nigriceps,
Kies., but which is i-eally the var. tricolor, Muls. et Rey, of 0. csesum, Grav.,
must be regarded as a variety of 0. cuisum, and in this he follows the latest
European Catalogue. Taking into account the colour alone of these two forms,
I was not at all inclined to agree to this opinion. The colour in 0. tricolor
appears to be quite constant, and I have never seen a specimen with inter-
mediate colouring. Nor could it be regarded as a light form of 0. csesiim, as
the head is black in both, with this, I think, very important distinction, viz. :
in 0. tricolor the ocelli are red ; also the colour in other members of the genus
is very slightly variable. On critically examining my series of the two forms,
I was somewhat surprised to find a qiiite marked and constant distinction in
the punctuation of the elytra, that of 0. ca'sum being considerably finer and
closer than in its ally. This character, combined with the colour distinction,
seemed to me to settle the matter, but I thought it best to dissect out the male
genitalia in each case, and, as I hoped, found two very distinct organs. The
central lobe of the sedeagus in 0. cxsum is parallel-sided, and abruptly conical
near the apex, which ends in a very sharp point. If viewed from the side, the
apex has very much the appearance of the side view of the ^edeagus in Gabrius
cyphonotus, Joy {ante, pi. I, fig. 4). In 0. tricolor the central lobe is gradually
narrowed from the base towards the tip, which is somewhat blunt ; in side view
only the extreme tip is very slightly reflexed. — Nokman H. Jot, Bradfield:
August llth, 1913.

Some Coleoptera from Sutherland. — A short trip to Sutherland during July,
although not resulting in the capture of any i-arities has so considerably
extended the known range of several species of Coleoptera that I think the
result shovild be recorded. July llth was spent on the banks of the Eiver
Shin, where many nests of Formica ru/a were seen. The next day, after a short
examination of the shores of Loch Shin, was chiefly spent in travelling to
Tongue on the north coast. I had intended stopping at Altnahara to explore
the fine mountain Ben Clibreck (3150 ft.), but found the hotel full. An
excursion up Ben Loyal (25()0 ft.) on July 13th produced remarkably few
beetles, Anthophagus alpinus, Pk., and Lesteva sharpi. Rye, being the only
mountain forms seen. Unfortxmately the next day, spent at Altnahara, was
wet, and the nKnintain could nut be attempted, hut a few l>eetles were taken in

1913.]

213

flood rubbish. Again mountain and northern forms were quite ixncomnion.
In the following short list only those species are included which are not
recorded by Fowler as occurring generally in Scotland, or only from localities
considerably further south.

Helophorus porculus, Bedel (L. Shin and Altnahara) ; Oxypoda hsemorrhoa.
Sahib., and Notothecta jlavipes, Gr., from nests of Formica rufa, R. Shin ; Micro-
glossa nidicola, Fairm. (R. Shin ; Sand Martins were common considerably
further north) ; Atheta magniceps. Sahib. (L. Shin) ; A. deforrnis, Kr. (Altna-
hara) ; A. divisa, Miirk. (R. Shin) ; Conosoma lUtoreuni, L. (R. Shin) ; Qiiedius
puncticollis, Th (R. Shin) ; Stenus carbonarius, Gyll. (L. Shin) ; Omalhim
grnndiloqua, Luze (R. Shin), 0. heeri, Heer (R. Shin) ; Acrulia inflata, Gyll.
(R. Shin) ; Agathidium seniinulum, L. (R. Shin ; this is possibly a new i-ecord
for Scotland, as I believe the early records of this species refer to A. hadium,
Er.) ; A. atnim, Pk. (Altnahara) ; Enicmus histrio, Joy and Tonilin (L. Shin) ;
Micropeplus porcatus, Pk. (R. Shin) ; Serica hrunnea, L. (Altnahara) ; Malthodes
flavoguttatus, Kies. (Altnahai'a) ; Clythra quadripunctata, L. (R. Shin). —
Norman H. Jot.

The food-plant of Ceuthorrhynchus querceti, Gyll. — The food-plant of the
above insect has been stated, somewhat doubtfviUy, as Baphamis raphanistrum,
Linn. I fovmd it, with the larva, at Stalham, Norfolk, this July, on Nasturtium
palustre, De Cand., which is undoubtedly its food plant, although it may
possibly feed on Raphanus also, biit this plant was not to be found here. The
weather during July was very cold at the Broads, which may account for the
scarcity of beetles. With the exception of a few Silis ruficollis, Telephorus
thoracicus and Cercits bipustulatus, nothing else occiUTcd worth bottling. —
E. A. Newbeby, 13, Oppidans Road, N.W. : August f^th, 1913.

Re-occurrence of Rahocerus bishopi, Sharp, in Scotland.— I was fortunate
enough a few days ago to beat a small series of this species out of dead
branches of birch, at the spot near Grantown, where it was first taken by Dr.
Sharp and Mr. Bishop in 1909. I searched in vain for the insect in 1910, 1911,
and 1912, but could never find any birch boughs in suitable condition. At the
same time I secured a single specimen of Magdalis carbonaria, L. — T. Hudson
Bbare, Malvern, Nethy Bridge, N.B. .- August 7th, 1913.

Colias edusa, ^c, in Kent. — Immigi-ant specimens of Colias edusa have been
reported in June from many places in the South of England, and even from
localities a long way inland ; thus my friend Mr. G. Claridge Druce, F.L.S.,
tells me that he saw one on the roadside between Ardley and Brackley, actually
on the border line of Oxfordshire and Bucks. An August brood of this
interesting butterfly was therefore to have been expected, and it is satisfactory
to find that the cool and gloomy weather so prevalent during the last two
months has not prevented its appearing in considerable numbers. In the Isle
of Sheppey lucerne and clover are not grown as much as was formerly the case.

214 [September,

and mucli of wliat there is has jilready been mown down ; bnt since the 16th of
tliis month I have met w ith C. edusa all over the Island, every little patch of
lucerne in bloom holding one or more specimens, and in some of them it may
be called quite common, while sporadic examples turn up on the cliffs and else-
where. Even on cool dull days the butterfly may be " walked up," often from the
bare ground or stubble fields adjoining the lucei-ne, and when thus disturbed is
as wild and difficult to seciu-e as in the brightest sunshine. Females as yet are
rare, only about half-a-dozen having been seen, and so far C. hyale has not been
observed. Travelling yesterday to Ramsgate, I saw a good many specimens of
C. edusa on the railway banks beyond Whitstable. Of other butterflies, fresli
specimens of Pyrameis cardui and atalanta are now appearing, but are still few
and far between ; while Vanessa urticse, which has been phenomenally scarce
this year in the Oxford district, appears to be equally so here. Eremohia ochro-
leuca is still to be found at rest on the knapweed flowers as of old, but is now
mostly the worse for wear. — Jamk.s J. Walker, Sheerness : August 21st, 1913.

Pyrameis atalanta in North Mavine (Shetland). — On June 13th and on two
subsequent days, a fine example of the "Red Admiral" {Pyrameis atalanta)
frequented the Manse garden at Ollaberry. On the 13th the insect was
under close observation for nearly two hours, and struck one by its fresh
appearance. This seems notable in a specimen which nuist siu-ely have been
but a casual immigrant. Since coming here in 1910, the only biitterflies the
writer has seen have belonged to the Vanessid group. Pyrameis cardui occurred
at Ollaberry, 25.vii.ll (Ent. Mo. Mag. p. 217, 1911), and one or two examples
were noticed in the following year at about the same time. During the same
summer Muly, 1912) Aglais (Vanessa) rt)-<tca3 came under our notice once near
Girlsta, by the wayside, some ten miles north of Lerwick.— James Wateeston,
The Manse, Ollaberry, Shetland: August, 1913.

Note on two species of the genus Lophyrus. — In his notes on this genus, the
Rev. F. T>. Morice mentions L. virens as received from me. These were bred
from two larvae taken by my brother in Berkshire, and are the only specimens
I possess. It has not, to my knowledge, occvirred in Essex. Last season I reared
both sexes of L. seHifer from larva? found near Colchester (found May 26tli,
emerged in September), and a single ^ of the same species was taken by my
father many years ago. — Bernard S. Harwood, 62, Station Road, Colchester.

\ Dufourea halictula (Nyl.) at By fleet, Surrey .—T!\\e first and, up to the
present, the only capture of tliis Aculeate in Britain (a single 9 taken by
Mr. Silverlock from a Woking .sandpit), was recorded by the late; Ed. Saimders
in the Ent. Mo. Mag. of January, 1910. In June last I found a J of this
species among som(^ miscellaneous captures, and afterwards met with this sex
in increasing profusion for some days, usually at rest on stones or low growing
plants. Within a week the ? ? appeared in equal abundance. As Mr. Saunders
has stated with reference to vulgaris -owv only other Dufourea, whicli still
remains one of the great rarities among Britisli bees that nothing is known of

1913.1 215

its habits, and as the remark probably applies equally to halictula, it may be
well to record that the ? ? were constructing' their bvu-rows between stones
chiefly on a hard sandy pathway, less frequently in an adjoining sandy
moss -covered bank, and provisioning them with pollen collected from
Jasione montana. The insect is exti-aordinarily Halictiform and might easily
be passed over for H. minutissinms (which species, however, looks consider-
ably blacker than halictula owing to the much more profuse grey pubescence
of the latter), and I am inclined to think that it will prove less rare
than has been thought now that its food plant is known. Mr Saunders
mentions that he recognised D. vulgaris by its curious " wriggling " flight ;
that of halictula (and its method of entering a flower), however, appears to me
to coincide exactly with that of any of the smaller Halicti. H. Frieze (Die
Bienen Europa's) states that he has observed D. halictula on " Dolden," i.e.,
Umbellifers. — C. H. Mortimer, Eoy ton Chase, Byfleet : July 16th, 1913.

Societies.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, June 26th, 1913. — Mr. A. E. Tonge, President, in the Ohair.

Mr. Main exhibited pupa and living larva of Parnassius apollo and the
larva of the Tiger beetle, Cicindela sylvatica, from near Meiringen, Switzerland.
Mr. Coxhead, galls on leaves of beech, and coloured drawings of the same ;
they were of the Cecidomyid, Mikiola fagi. Mr. A. E. Gibbs, a series of
E^lchloe cardamines from near Messina, Sicily, and pointed out that they were
small compared with average British specimens and were known as ab. turritis,
in which the apical blotch is not extended beyond the discal spot. Mr. Main
said that Phyllotoma aceris, the jumping saw-fly, was now common in many
places in the larval state. Messrs. Sich, Adkin, Edwards, Barrett, and
Dr. Chapman made remarks on the season.

Thursday, July 10th. The President in the Chair.

Mr. Main, a species of tick from a tortoise of Maroccan origin, the males
were small and blackish in coloiu", while the female was many times larger and
of a delicate pale slate colour; also cases of the Psychid, Acanthopsyche opacella.
Mr. Adkin, series of Celastrina argiolus (a) reared in July and August, 1912,
and (b) reared in April and May, 1913, from the same lot of larvs from Eyns-
ford ; (c) reared from Eastbourne larvas in April and May, 1913. The two
spring series were much alike and the females had much less of the heavy
bordering of the smnmer emergence. Mr. Edwards, several species of Papilio
of the P. segeus group from the Australian region, including the rare P. gam-
hrisius. Mr. Blair, a nest of the wasp Polistes gallica from Meiringen, with the
living female. Mr. Turner, for Mr. Carr, a bred Cerostoma scabrella. Mr. Barrett
and others remarked on the comparative sizes of the captures of other seasons
with the present. Some members considered that imagines were smaller this
year, while others thought that they were quite up to the average size. —
Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

216 [September, 1013.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, June Uh, 1913. —
Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

The President announced that His Majesty the King had been graciously

pleased to become Patron of the Society. The question of seeking the addition

of " Royal " to the title of the Society was postponed to the October Meeting.

The death of Lord Avebury, the oldest Fellow of the Society, was

annoiinced, and also that of Mr. Philip de la Garde.

Captain F. Sitwell, Wooler, Northiunbeiiand, was elected a Fellow.
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited a blue variety of the ? of Rhynchites xneo-
virens, a form very rare in this sex. Dr. F. A. Dixey a <? and 9 of Tatochila
unimaculata, Rob., with a pair of T. stigmadice, Stgr., for comparison. Mr.
Donisthorpe, a fine series of Clavvjer longicornis, Miill., with its proper host
Lasius mixtus, together with the common C. testaceus, with its principal host
L. fiavus, for comparison, as well as three species of Acari taken at the same
time. Mr. W. C. Crawley, <? and 9 ? s of Anergates atratulus, Sch., taken for
the first time in Britain in July, 1912. Prof. Poulton called attention to the
resemblance in the parts of the luiderside exposed during rest between many
species of Melitsea and certain Palsearctic Hesperiidae, and exhibited specimens
illustrating this fact sent by M. Avinofif from the Trans-alai Mountains. Also
a 9 of the Asilid Heligmoneura brunnipes, F., and the Oncodid Physegaster
macidatus, Macq., sent by Dr. Seitz frojn Algeria. Also, on behalf of Dr. Seitz,
the Fossorial model Pepsis sapphirus. Pal. de Beauv., and two of its mimics the
Reduviid bug Spiniger ater, Lep. et Serv., and the Locustid Scaphura nigra,
Thunb., var. vigorsi, Kirby. Mr. F. Fryer, a light specimen of Taeniocampa
gracilis. Comm. Walker, on behalf of Dr. Perkins, a specimen of Thalpochares
ostrina, taken at Paignton on June 1st, apparently freshly emerged. Dr. G. D. H.
Carpenter, a synepigonic series of I'apilio dardanus from a parent of the
planemoides form. The President, a single batch of Cclastrina argiolus, some
of which had emerged as the autumn form last year, and the rest as the spring
form this spring. Dr. Jordan, several insects which had been found dead at
Buenos Ayres, the proboscis in each case being caiight in the tiowers of Araujia
albens. Also, on behalf of Dr. Seitz, the stridulating apparatiis of a Chinese
Noctuid chrysalis part of which is on the pupa and part in the cocoon. Dr. G. B.
Longstaff, a simple apparatus for turning over several butterflies at once to
display the two sides alternately. Also a small bee with a Coleopterous larva
partly on and partly within its abdomen.

The following papers were read : " On the relationship between certain
West African Insects, es^jecially Ants, Lepidoptera and Homoptera," by W. A.
Lamborn, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.E.S., with an Appendix containing descriptions
of New Species, by G. T. Bethune-Baker, Pres. Ent. Soc, W. L. Distant,
J. Hartley Durrant, and Prof. A. Newstead, F.R.S. " Supplementary notes on
new or little known forms of Acra;a," by H. Eltringham, M.A., F Z.S., with a
description of a new form of Acrsea encedon, hy Prof. E. B, Poulton, D.Sc, F.R.S.
— Geo. Wheeler, Hon. Sec.

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October, 1913.] 217

ON THE LRITISH SPECIES OF BYTHINUS, LEACH.

BY JAMES EDWARDS, F.E.S.

B. ruNCTicoLLis, Deiiuy = validus, Aube.

The Areopagus jmndicoUis of Deuiiy was a BytJmius with strongly
puuctured thorax, and, in one sex, incrassate femora ; so much is clear
from the works of Denny and Curtis and five contemporary specimens,
of which two are males, in the Norwich Museum, whei'e Denny's col-
lection went in 1825. Denny thought that the specimens with incrassate
femora were females, but we now know that they are males. Aube
(Psel. Mon., p. 41, t. 87, fig. 4, 1833) has J5. imncticoUis, Denny, which
he characterises by its strongly punctured thorax, the first anteunal
joint cylindrical, and the femora in one sex incrassate. On the same
page he describes his B. chevroJati, which he distinguishes from pttHC^;-
collis, Denny, mainly by reason that the first antennal joint is obtusely
p)"oduced within, and his figure (op. cit. t. 87, fig. 3a) bears this out :
he gives Arcojjagus puncticollis, Curt. (Brit. Ent., No. 422), as a
synonym ; but in arriving at this conclusion he may have been influenced
by the figure of the basal joint of the male antenna given on Curtis's
plate ; the latter, however, is intended to, and does fairly well, represent
that part in B. bulhifer, whilst the coloured figure is a recognisable
picture of the male of Denny's puncticoUis. In his " Eevision de la
famille des Pselaphiens " (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1844, p. 129), Aiibe
makes his B. cJievroJati, which according to the original description has
incrassate femora in one sex, a synonym of his B. puncticoUis, which
latter he distinguishes from his B. validns by having the femora simple
in both sexes. From this point the B. puncticollis of continental
authors, of which the definition has been amplified, has clearly been
B. chevrolati, Aube, and not ptmcticollis, Denny, the latter insect being
known to them as B. validus, Aube. Dr. Fowler in treating of B. validus
(Coleopt. Brit. Isl. Ill, p. 90) says the latter is evidently the jJuncti-
collis of Denny, but he does not explain why he uses Aube's name in
preference to that given by Denny, which has a priority of nearly
twenty years. The B. puncticoUis of continental authors (for which
the name chevrolati, Aube, is available), is a species with strongly
punctured thorax and simple femora in both sexes, and the male has
the first joint of the antennte widened towards the apex, just before
which on the inner side there is a short cylindrical truncate projection
(peg) similar to that found on the second joint of the male antenna in
B. curtisii, a small sharp tooth on the inner side of the front tibiae, and
the inner side of the hind tibiae for rather less than the distal half is

T

218 [October,

excavated, a circumstance which gives rise to tlie appearance of an
angular projection a little beyond the middle. Dr. Fowler's account of
B. pvncticollis is based on the assumption that imncticollis, Auctt., has
really occurred in Britain ; an assumptioii which he is now inclined to
regard as without foundation. It may be noted in passing that
Reichenbach's figure 7 (Mon. Psel., t. I, 1816) which purports to
represent davicornis, Panz , and is quoted under that name by Aube
(Psel. Mon., p. 40, 1833), but not, so far as I can see, by siibsequeut
writers, is a very fair representation of the male of B. imndicoUis, Denny.

Ganglbauer (Kafer von Mitteleuropa, II, p. 815) speaks of dimor-
phism in the males of several species, one form having the legs like the
female, and the other having the femora strongly incrassate. B. jmndi-
collis is our only species in which this state of things may be expected
to occur. I have not so far seen any example in which simple femora
were correlated with the exact form of the last joint of the palpi proper
to the male ; and, on the whole, I consider that it will be well not to
assvime the existence of dimorphism in the male of this species until
the presence of a membrum virile in specimens having simple femora
has been demonstrated.

B. BURRELLii, Denny.

In this species and the next the anteunal characters proper to the
male are in some cases ill-developed or wanting ; I have taken at
different times, on the same gi'ound with typical males, a series of four
examples in which the second joint of the antenna; exhibits a complete
gradation from a crescent in which the distal end is a little smaller
than the proximal, to a state in wdiich the only modification consists of
a slight production of the inner basal angle. It has been customary to
regard as males only those specimens which have the second joint of
the antennae evidently modified ; but I am of opinion that all the speci-
mens which have the last joint of the palpi very tumid, subtriangular,
not longer than wide, with a large rounded prominence at the middle
of the inner edge, are of that sex, because I have extracted from such
a specimen taken at Alvanley by Mr. Dutton in which the second joint
of the antennae is not modified at all, an organ which, from previous
experience and the excellent figures given by Messrs. Sharp and Muir
(Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud., 1912, t. LXXVII, figs. 230, 230a), I have no
hesitation in regarding as an aedeagus. The insect which, from experi-
ence in the field, I take to be the female of B. burrellii has the last joint
of the palpi similar in shape to that of B. bulbifer, from which, as well
as B. didinduti, it is easily distinguished by the strongly transverse joints
3-8 of the antennae.

1913.] 219

B. DisTiNCTUs, Cbaucloir = securiuek, Denny, nee Reich.

So long ago as 1882 Reitter (Naturg. Ins. Deutschl. Ill, 2, p. 82),
pointed out that B. securiger, Denny, was really B. distmctus, Chaiid.,
and not the same as B. securiger, Eeich. ; but although he says that the
latter is found in England, native specimens do not appear to be in our
collections. Mr. Champion has been good enough to lend me a male
and female of continental securiger, true to definition ; but he has no
British example of the species, nor can I hear of any. In the male of
our insect, B. disti7ictns, the second joint of the antenna} is sub-quad-
rate, produced inwardly into a knife-like edge, the inner basal angle
rounded oif , the inner apit-al angle acute but little produced ; the last
joint of the palpi is very plump, in the widest aspect oblong, oblique at
the base, broadly rounded at the apex, about twice as long as wide, with
a rounded prominence near the apical third on the upper side; the
antennal joints 3-8 are inoniliform ; there is no apical spur to the hind
tibiae, and the elytra have a well-developed humeral prominence ; in the
female the last joint of the palpi is about twice as long as wide, oblique
at the base, the sides gradually converging to the narrow apex, the inner
straight, the outer a little curved ; the antennal joints 3-8 are monili-
forin and the second is sub-equal in length to the inner edge of the first.
Of eleven males which I have examined, five have the second joint of
the antenuse typical, though varying somewhat, and six have it quite
simple.

In the male of the real B. securiger, Eeich., the second joint of the
male antenna) is distinctly longer than wide, produced inwardly into a
knife-like edge which is considerably longer than the outer edge, and
the distal edge is oblique, so that the inner apical angle forms a broad
triangular projection, the inner basal angle acute but scarcely produced ;
the last joint of the palpi is very plump, in the widest aspect elongate-
triangular, oblique at the base, about twice as long as wide, with a
rounded prominence near the apical third of the upper side ; the
antennal joints 3-8 are rectangular and transverse ; the hind tibiae
have a fine apical spur, and there is no marked humeral prominence to
the elytra : in the female the last joint of the palpi is oljlong, oblique
at the base, broadly rounded at the apex, more than twice as long as
wide ; the antennal joints 3-8 are rectangular and transverse, and the
second joint is rather shorter than the inner edge of the first.

Dr. Joy has found B. distinctus in mole's nests and by evening

sweeping at Bradfield and elsewhere. Mr. J. F. Dutton sends me a

male with simple antennae taken by himself at Alvanley, Cheshire ; and

T 2

220 [October,

I have seen ex coll. Cbaiiipiou, a specimen from Amber ley, Sussex, and
one from Caterham, Surrey, the latter long ago determined by E-eitter
as B. disthictus. Amberley and Caterham are given in Coleopt. Brit.
Isl. Ill, p. 92, as localities for B. hurrellii, but it is probable that
Mr. Champion's specimens just mentioned formed the basis for these
records.

B. cuRTisii, Denny.

This species may be easily recognised in either sex by the elongate
last joint of the palpi.

B. BULBiFER, Reich.
This, the commonest of our species, calls for no special remark.

B. cLAvicoRNis, Panz.

Denny (Mon. Psel., p. 28, t. V. f. 4) described and figured under
the name of ArcopiKjus glahricollh, a Bythinus of Avhich the more
important featiu-es were the smooth thorax and the production in one
sex of the inner apical angle of the first joint of the antennae. He
thought that this was the same nsglLibricolUs, Reichenbach (Mon. Psel.,
p. 43, t. 1, f. 8, 1816). I find that Reichenbach's description and figure
do not afford the means of identifying any species in particular ; but
Reitter (Naturg. Ins. Deutschl. Ill, 2, p. 73), in the course of what is
by far the best account of B. clavicornh with which I am acquainted,
puts (jlahricolUs, Reich., as a synonym of that species, and adds that it
occurs in England. Schaum stated (Zoologist, 1847) that Denny's
Areopagus glabricollis was only the female of B. hvlhifer. This opinion,
though adopted by E. C. Rye (Ent. Ann., 1870, p. 117), and apparently
by subsequent writers also, is evidently an error, because Denny's insect
had the inner apical angle of the first antennal joint produced into a
small sharp tooth, a feature which certainly does not occiu' in the female
of B. bulbifer. For more than thirty years I have had in my collection
a Bythinus which came to me from the collection of Denny's Colleague,
Wigliam, labelled glahricoUis ; I have now dissolved the glue away from
this and find that it is a female and differs from that sex of B. bulbifer
in having the first joint of the antenuse less than twice as long as wide.
I should not, however, regard anything less than the production of an
vuidoubted male as conclusive evidence of the occurrence of B. clavicornis
in this country. B. clavicorms might easily be passed over as B. bulbifer,
but the absence of a large protuberance on tlie inner side of the first
joint of the male antennae in the former is quite characteristic.

1913.] 221

Grauglbauer (t. c. p. 826) puts B. inflatipes, Eeitt., as a variety of
davicornis, Panz. ; but lie discloses no better reason for this than the
fact that both were once taken in company.

B. GLABRATus, Rye.

I am not in a position to add anything to the published accounts
of this species.*

From the following table the well-known characters of the male
antennse are, for the most part, intentionally omitted.

1 (16). Elytra distinctly punctured.

2 (3) . Thorax distinctly punctnred puncticollis, Denny.

3 (2). Thorax very feebly punctured or impunctate.

4 (7). Last joint of palpi with a rounded pi-ominence on the inner side.

5 (6). Last joint of palpi suh-triano-iilar, not longer than wide, with a large

rounded prominence at the middle of the inner side...

hurrellii, Denny, J .

6 (5). Last joint of palpi oblong-ovate, twice as long as wide, with a rounded

prominence at the apical third of the inner side...

distinchis, Chaud., S •

7 (4). Last joint of palpi without any rounded prominence.

8 (9). Last joint of palpi three times as long as wide, elongate-triangvilar,

base oblique curtisii, Denny.

9 (8). Last joint of palpi twice as long as wide.

10 (13). Occiput coarsely punctured. Antennae with joints 3 and 4 similar.

11 (12). Length 1.4-1.5 mm. Antennae with joints 3-8 moniliform .. .

distinctus, Chaud., 9 •

12 (11). Length 1.2-1.3 mm. Antennte with joints 3-8 very transverse...

burrellii, Denny, 9 •

13 (10). Occiput nearly or quite impunctate. Antenna with joints 3 and 4

dissimilar ; 3 longer than wide, narrowed to the base, 4-8 monili-
form.

14 (15). S ■ — First joint of antennae with the inner apical angle produced into

a short erect tooth, immediately beneath which is a large sub-oval
prominence reaching almost to the base of the joint : second joint
produced on the inner side and bearing throughout its length a
narrow projecting strip, which at the base forms a riglit-angle and
is produced a little beyond the apex of the joint to form a tooth.
? . — First joint of antennae quite twice as long as wide...

bulbifer, Reich.

* 111 L'Abeille, XXXI, pp. 153 — 156, 1909, there is a paper by Capt. Deville on the syiioii3'my
of B. (/labratus, based on an examhiatioii of specimens captured by the late A. J. Chitty. — G. C. C.

222 [October,

15 (14). (^ . — First joint of antonnre nearly cylindrical, simple on the inner side,

the inner apical anu-le a little produced: second joint as in Indhifer.
9 . — First joint of antennae not twice as Ion"' as wide...

clavicornis, Panz.

16 ( 1 ) . Elytra nearly or quite inipiinctate glah ratus, Rye.

Colesborne, Cheltenham :

September 4th, 1913.

TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM, Herbst = FERRUGINEUM, Auct. (wee Fab.)

BY K. «. BLAIE, F.E.S.

{Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Mnseuiu).

Ill the Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) XVII, pp. 230-231,
Mr. C. 0. Waterliouse publislied a re-description of the type of
" Tenehrio ferrnginens, Fab.," still preserved in the British Museum,
drawing attention to the fact that it belongs to the family Cucujidx,
and that the insect kno-wn in our collections as " Triholinm ferrugi-
neum, F.," which had been wrongly identified, " will have to bear a
different specific name." Mr. Champion followed (Eiit. Mo. Mag.,
1896, p. 82) by disputing this eouclusiou. While admitting that the
original description of Tenehrio ferrvgineus by Fabricius (Spec. Ins.
I, 1781, p. 324) certainly did not refer to our insect, he contends that
the Tenehrio ferruginens of the " Mantissa Insectorum," 1, 1787, p. 212,
or the Trogoaiia ferrtiginea of the " Entomologia Systematica," 1, 1792,
p. 116, may quite well refer to oiu- species, and says that in these
works " no reference whatever is made to the original description in
the Species Insectorum." He continues -. " It is perfectly evident that
he (Fabricius) confused more than one species under the name ferrngi-
nens, and till the contrary is proved the name ferrnginens (1787) can
be retained for the Triholinm.'' Grebien, in Junk's " Coleopterorum
Catalogus," 1911, accepts Champion's view, and cites the insect as
T. ferrnginenm, F., Mant. Ins. I, 1787, p. 212. But this Tenehrio
ferrnginens (1787) is an absolute homonym of Tenehrio ferrnginens
(1781), and I'onsequeutly, even if difPering in meaning from its previous
usage, is invalid. We have no evidence, liowever, that a different
meaning is intended. Though Mr. Chanij)ion says that in the two later
descriptions no reference whatever is made to the original description,
this is hardlv correct. As recrards the " Mantissa," no reference is

1913.] 223

made to the Species lusectoriim, and a different origin is indicated by
" Habitat et Halee Saxouum Dom. Hybner." So far, tliougli in any case
a homonym, this Tenehrio ferrugineus may be intended to mean a
different insect from the Tenehrio ferrugineus of the Species Insectorum.
The description of Trogosita ferruginea, Ent. Syst. I, 1792, quite dis-
poses of this possibility, for here it is definitely synonymised with the
Tenehrio ferrugineus of the " Mantissa," and Fabricius continues :
" Habitat in Africa sequinodiali Mus. Dom. Banks, in Americse Insulis
Dr. Pflug," the words in italics being obviously quoted from the
Species Insectorum, 1 781 . It is perfectly clear, theref oi-e, that Fabricius
supposed that he was dealing with one and the same species in these
three instances. Furthermore, this conclusion is borne out by Sherboru's
"Index Animalium," which quotes Trogosita ferruginea (1792) as
synonymous with Tenehrio ferrugineus (1781), and in the " Epitome
Entomologise Fabricianse," by Bergstrasser, p. 18, where Trogosita
ferruginea is the only one that appears. From these facts then, it is
evident that the na,m.e ferrugineum, F., as applied to the Tribolium, can
have no locus standi whatever.

That Dermestes navalis, Fab., Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 56, cannot refer
to this insect, has been sufiiciently demonstrated by Champion, loc. cit.,
yet the name navale, Herbst, Kaf. IV, 1792, still appears in Junk's
Catalogue as a synonym of " ferrugineum, F., 1787," though this
reference is nothing more than a quotation, and translation, of the
description of Fabricius.

In Kaf. VII, 1797, p. 282, t. 112, f. 13, however, Herbst gives a
description of our insect, together with a sufficiently recognisable
figure, as Golydium castaneum; the name castaneum, Herbst, there-
fore remains in possession of the field as the specific name of this
Triholium.

It may be noted that the genus Tribolium (1825) was made by
Macleay for the reception of Golydium castaneum, Herbst, and though
Trogosita ferruginea. Fab. (Syst. Eleuth. 1, 1801), is cited amongst its
synonyms, this is merely a reference to Trogosita ferruginea (Ent.
Syst., 1792), and Macleay was evidently doubtful of the correctness of
the synonymy.

Neither Mr. Waterhouse nor Mr. Champion seems willing to
assign to any genus the true ferrugineus, ¥., but rather than let it
continue longer without any generic appellation I propose for it the
name Triholioides, which may be characterised as follows : —

224 [October,

Tribolioides, n. gen.
Head rather small, depressed, strongly constricted into a neck behind;
anterior margin broad, sinuate, meeting the lateral margin almost at right
angles; clypeal suture distinct, meeting the sides a little behind the anterior
angles; eyes large, roiind, and prominent, subentire ; antennae 11-jointed,
gradually thickened from the base to the last joint, 3rd joint slightly longer
than the 4th, and 4th than the 5th, joints 5-10 siabequal, about as long as
broad, last joint elongate ovate, subacuminate, as long as the two preceding
together ; protlioraa' depressed, siibqiiadrate, sharply and completely margined,
posterior margin very fine ; anterior angles rounded, posterior angles acute and
prominent ; elytra depressed on the disc, base slightly emarginate, with the
humeri prominent but rounded ; suture and three rounded cost* on each elytron
raised ; lerjs rather slender, tarsi apparently 4-jointed, the iDcnultimate joint
produced beneath.

Type, Tenebrio ferrMcjineus, Fab. — Hab., Tropical Africa.

Mr. Waterhouse omits to give the length of tlie specimen, which
is 5 mm., as against 3—4 mm. for cm^fanevm, Herbst.

TriboUoides may be phiced tentatively near XenosceIi!<, Woll., as
suggested by Waterhouse, though the alliance is by no means close.
The head resembles that of the Tenebrionid genus Mesotretis, Bates,
though narrower, more depressed, and strongly constricted to form a
neck behind, and the eyes are much larger in proportion, l^eing sepai-ated
by a space scarcely double the width of one of them. The lamellate
production beneath of the penultimate tarsal joint is very peculiar. It
is to be hoped that additional examples of the insect may be found
amongst collections of Coleoptera from tropical Africa.

To Mr. J. Hartley Durrant I must express my indebtedness for
the aid he has rendered in the preparation of these notes. Recognising
that the name " ferruginen, Fab.," could not logically be applied to
this species, Mr. Durrant asked me to determine definitely the correct
name of this insect for use in his recent publications in regard to the
Army Biscuit Enquiry.
September, 18th, 1913.

NEW SPECIES OF

COLEOPTERA ALLIED TO XANTHOLINUS OCHRACEUS, Gtll.

BY NORMAN H. JOY, M.B.C.S., F.E.S.

It is cjuite evident that under the name Xaniholinns ochracevs,
Gyll., we have confounded two very distinct species. One of these has
the last joint of the maxillary palpi small and conical, and the thorax
W'ith about 12 pinictures in the dorsal series, whereas in the other the

1913.] 225

last joint of the maxillary palpi is large and narrower towards the base,
and the thorax has about 8 punctures in the dorsal series. It will be
noticed that Gauglbauer describes the first-mentioned insect (Die
Kafer von Mitteleuropa, Vol. II, p. 480) imder the name angvstatus,
Steph., and Fowler the latter under the name ochraceus, Gryll. (Coleop-
tera Brit. Islands, Vol. II, p. 287). Stephens' description of
X. angustatus might apply to many species of the genus, and
Mr. E. A. Waterliouse, who Ivindly examined for me the specimens in
Stephens' collection, tells me that all but one are X. linearis, 01.
Gyllenhal's description of X. ochraceus does not help us nuich, as he
evidently had the two species before him, the thoracic dorsal series
being recorded as consisting of from 8-12 punctures. On the whole I
think it best to keep to Gyllenhal's name, discarding Stephens' on the
ground that the description is inadequate, and the " types " of no help.
It would seem that the name ochraceus must be applied to the species
with 8 punctures in the dorsal thoracic series, as this is the first number
mentioned. For the other species I propose the name substrigosus .
Besides these two, I have taken several specimens of another form from
flood-rubbish gathered in Scotland. This is very closely allied to
X. ochraceus, but I think it may be regarded as a good species. In all
three forms the colour is the same, the antennae varying a good deal in
this respect, being sometimes entirely reddish or pi tchy- red, or with the
first joint black. As in other species of Xantholinus the head varies
somewhat in shape, being in some specimens parallel -sided, in others
narrowed in front. The aedeagus in this group is of peculiar structure,
looking in dried specimens like a large pear-shaped deflated bladder,
the central lobe being often difiicult to see.

It is necessary to mention the following characters in X. ochraceus:

On the head there are two short grooves starting- from tlie front margin
close to the insertion of the antennte and converging somewhat behind, and
slight traces of another groove on each side parallel to these starting from the
upper and front segment of the eyes. The vertex of the head, and the space
between the inner grooves, is irregularly punctured with large and small
punctures ; the sides of the head are strongly and closely punctured, the space
between the pvmctures is quite smooth and shining, except close to the hind
angles, where it is very iinely cross-strigose. The last joint of the maxillary
palpi is longer and slightly narrower than the penultimate, and is broadest at
about the jvmction of the basal and middle thirds ; the thorax has from 7 to 9
punctures in the dorsal series, there being generally a broad gap in them about
the middle, the disc is extremely finely and diffusely pxinctured ; the lateral
lobes of the aedeagus are large, triangrdar and thick.

226 [October,

X. STJBSTRiaosus, sp. nov.

In colour and geiaeral appearance resembling X. ochraceus ; head very finely
cross-strigoso throughout, not punctured on the vertex or between the inner
frontal furrows, piinctures at the side much more diffuse than in X. ochraceus,
inner frontal fuiTOws deeper and outer ones well marked ; last joint of maxillary
palpi aboiit as long, and one-half as broad, as penultimate, broa.dest at base ;
thorax finely cross-strigose in front, smooth behind, dorsal series consisting of
11-13 close-set punctures ; the lateral lobes of the aedeagus are represented on
each side by a narrow curved filamentary process. Length 5—6 mm.

I have seeu four specimens in Mr. Tonilin's collection labelled
" Peckliani," and one in Mr. Waterliouse's, but it is j)robably much
more widely distributed.

X. scoTicus, sp. nov.

Very like X. ochraceus, but narrower and more linear ; head and thorax finely
and very closely cross-strigose ; sides of head more finely and less closely punc-
tured than in X. ochraceiis. Length 6 — 8 mm.

About twelve specimens taken from flood-rubbish at Struy,
Strathglass, Inverness, and one at Altnahara, Sutherland. The sculp-
ture of the head and thorax is finer and much closer than in
X. suhstrigosus. In life the beetle looks very like X. linearis.

Bradfiold, Berks :

September 7th, 1913.

ON APION SELOUSI, Newb., AND OTHEE SPECIES OF APION.
BY E. A. NEWBEKY.

The note on Apion selonsi (Eut. Mo. Mag., XLIX, 154) has led
to some interesting correspondence with Herr Hans Wagner of the
Berlin Entomological Museum. He has been studying the Ajrionides
of the world for many years, and having now seen the type of the
above insect, he is of opinion that it cannot be regarded as a species,
but is an anomalous (" monstreuse") ? of A. snhnlatum, Kirby,
influenced by mechanical conditions in the pupal state. He considers
the tooth between the bases of the antennte as the most clear proof of
this, since he has never met with any other Apion with a similarly
formed rostrum. He refers to A. linderi, Wenck., which he considers
a similarly anomalous form of A. xstivum, Germ., as an analagous
case (Ent. Mitt. Band, I, p. 112). On tlie other hand, it may be
remarked that the insect is perfectly symmetrical, and that I have

1913.] 227

nevei" met with a case of anomaly in which an entirely new organ has
been formed. Dr. Selous intends, I believe, to present the specimen to
the Natural History Museum, since it is an interesting insect from any
point of view.

Ajjion breviatum, Desbr. This insect is regarded by Herr
Wagner as an anomalous form of A. pomonse, Fab. It may readily
be separated by its minute size (length, 2-2| mm.) and comparatively
cylindrical thorax, w^hich has the base almost straight. Herr Wagner
refers a $ specimen taken by me at Deal, to this insect. The two
specimens standing in the Power collection as A. opetimm, Bach, must
be referred to this also, and Mr. E. A. Butler has several examples.

Apion mediamiM, Thoms., is the small form of A. curtirostre,
Grerm. (^=humile, Grenn.), in which the rostrum is shorter and thicker
and the elytra more inflated behind in both sexes than in what we
must regard as the type-form. It is quite common.

13, Oppidans Road, N.W. :
Sept. nth, 1913.

ON TWO SPECIKS OF HAPLOTHRIPS NEW TO THE
BRITISH FAUNA.

BY RICHARD S. BAGNALT., F.L.S., P.E.S.

(Hope Department of Zoologij, University Museum, Oxford).

I am very pleased to be able to bring the following distinct and
interesting species of Ila'plotlirips forward as British, both fi'om the
neighbourhood of Oxford : —

Haplothrips junoorum, sp. n.

? . Length, 2'1— 2'35 mm.

Comes nearest to H. aculeatus.

Colour very deep brownish black : antennte and legs as in H. aculeatus.

Head about 1'55 times as long as the prothorax and 1'35 as long as broad;
slightly naiTOwed posteriorly. Antennae only_l'35 times as long as the head.
Posterior ocelli widely separated, practically touching inner margins of eyes ;
anterior ocellus forwardly directed. Postociilar bristles weak. Mouth-cone
bhint, reaching half-way aci'oss the prosternum. Prothorax 1'85 times as broad
at hind angles as long. Wings clear, except for a slight touch of brown at
extreme base ; hind margin of fore-wing with 9 — 12 cilia (in one case only 7)
duplicated near a.pex.

228 [October,

Abdomen lonjj, not, or only very slightly, broader than pterothorax.
Tube 0-9 the length of tlie prothorax, and 0-6 the length of the head. Apical
bristles long and slendcsr, as long as tube and almost colourless, except near
tube where they are greyisli. In H. aculeatus the apical bristles are wholly
greyish-brown.

[The following table will help to show the distinguishing characters
of the two species at a glance : —

Wings clear. Tube 0(5 the length of the head and only a little more than
twice as long as broad at base :

1. Size smaller (length, Ti — 1'6 mm.). Head only slightly longer

than broad; antennae more than 1'5 times as long as the head.
Fore-wings with 5 — 6 duplicated bristles... H. aculeatus (Pabr.).

2. Size larger (length, 2-1— 2-35 mm.). Head 1'35 times as long as

broad ; antenna3 only 1'35 times as long as the head. Fore-
wings with 9 — 12 duplicated bristles H. juncorum, sp. n.]

The larva is red, with the head and antenna', the protlioracic plates, the
legs, the basal half of the 8th alidominal segment and segments 9 and 10 gi'ey-
brown, though not conspicxxously so.

Hah.: Near Yarntou (Oxon.). Not uncommon in all stages on
Junctis sp., Jvme, 1913.

Type : In coll. Bagnall, IJniversity Museum, Oxford.

Haplothrips distinguendus (Uzel).
Monographie der Ordnung Thysanoptera, 1895, p. 239.

This species comes near to H. statices, and is sharply distinguished by
having the 3rd antennal joint and the basal third of joints 4, 5, and 6 yellow.

The head is shorter, I'l times as long as broad, the wings are clear, and
the tube aboiit 0'75 the length of the head. In my specimen the 1st antennal
joint is grey, and lighter tlian the second, wliilst the tube is distinctly darker
than the rest of the body, and the fore-tibia; are yellow broadly shaded with
grey at inner and outer margins. The hind margin of the fore-wing has 14
duplicated cilia near apex. My specimen is 2'2 mm. long, i.e., distmctly larger
than Uzel's type.

Hah. : Weston-on-the-Green (Oxon.), one example (?) by beating
sedge-stacks, August, 1913.

The minor differences noted above make it inadvisable to refer
the species to H. distinguendus with certainty. A series of specimens
would enable one to settle the point, and I am hopeful of meeting with
it again. Sedge is evidently not its true pabulum.

Septemher Gth, 1913.

1913.] 229

Nemosoma elorujatum L., in the Oxford district. — On Jvily 13th last I
found a strong colony of Hylesinus vittatus, F., in an elm rail forming part of a
fence at Water Eaton, Oxon. On mentioning this to Commander Walker, he
suggested I should look for its Coleopterous parasite Nemosoma elongatum.
This induced me to visit the place again shortly afterwards, when I took a few
pupae out of the bark which I thought could only belong to that species —
judging- from the size and elongate cylindrical shape. These I brought home
and on August 5th had the satisfaction of breeding the Nemosoma. I have
since found other elm rails tenanted by Hylesinus, and taken the parasite in
three of its stages, viz., larva, pupa, and imago. The larva is, I find, quite well
known. Canon Fowler (Coleopt. Brit. Isl. Ill, p. 268) gives two references, to one
of which, in Westwood's " Modern Classification of Insects," I, 146, fig. 12, 2,
I have access. I venture to describe the larva as it appears to me. The larva is
translucent, pale with a decided pinkish tinge, cylindrical in shape and about
7 millimetres in length, with head and first segment brown and chitinous ; all the
segments have scattered, long, pale yellow hairs; on the anal segment are two spines
on each side, curved or hooked backwards, the space between them brown. Prof.
Westwood simply refers to the caudal appendages as " two spines," whereas in
fact they are curved upwards and backwards. The pupa is of the same pinkish
colour as the larva, the only noticeable change as it matures being in the
eyes, which become black ; the beetle when it first emerges being very pale,
especially the elytra which ai'e almost opaque whitish, the dark spot near apex
showing very distinctly ; it gradually assimies the red tinge of maturity and
is about a week in attaining its full colour. It is, of course, very satisfactory
to breed this rare and curious beetle, but the pupse are very delicate and easily
damaged. The better plan is to leave them alone wherever they are found
until about the middle of September, when most of the beetles will be found
fully matured. The Nemosoma remains in the biirrows of the Hylesinus for
some time after emergence from the pupa. With it I found quite a niunber of
partly consumed Hylesinus, which convinces me that it preys on its host in
its various stages. — J. Collins, 7^, Islip Eoad, Sunnymeade, Oxford :
September Uth, 1913.

Pairing of different species of Coccinellidae. — A day or two ago in my garden
here, I noticed two "ladybirds" in cop. on a rose-bush, the J being Coccinella
10-punctata, with black spots on a reddish ground, and the ? a typical red
Adalia hipunctata. — J. R. le B. Tomlin, Lakefoot, Hamilton Eoad, Eeading :
July 31st, 1913.

Cicindela manthna, Dej., on the coast of Kent.— On August 20th I observed
this " tiger-beetle " in considerable nimibers on the wide sandy foreshore at
Shingle Haven Coast-guard Station, about two miles north-east of Sandwich
and six miles north of Deal. As usual it was exceedingly active and difficult
to approach, and for want of time and a suitable net I was able to capture only
a very few specimens. In neither Canon Fowler's " British Coleoptera," nor in
the recent paper by Mr. J. Edwards in this Magazine {ante, pp. 146-149) is any

230 [October,

reference in;ulo to the occurrence of this Cicmdela on the Kentish coast, and
the only record I can find from this locality is in Stephens's " Manual," p. 5,
where it is notified as from "sandy coasts: Deal to Ramsgate, Kent." On
mentioning my capture of C. maritima to Dr. G. W. Nicholson, he informed me
that six or seven years ago, when he first commenced collecting beetles, lie
found this species not rarely on tlie coast to the noi'th of Sandwich — probably
on exactly the same ground as that on which 1 met with it. — J.\mes J. Walkek,
Oxford: September 12th, 1918.

Gnorimus nohilis, <^c., at Colchester. — Towards the end of June 1 had the
pleasure of taking a nice sei'ies of Gnorimus nohilis ; they were all found in old
apple trees in a garden near here, together with tlieir larvic. From the same
ti'ees I obtained Dorcus iMtrallclopipedus (8 or 4), Tillus elongatus (2), and
Eryx atcr. — Bernard S. Harwood, 62, Station Rd., Colchester : Sept. 17th, 1918.

Cerceris ^-fasciata preying on Strophosomus faher. — Late in July we found a
colony of Cerceris o-fasciata and observed that each 9 was carrying a specimen
of Strophosomns faber in its mandibles, evidently as food for the next genera-
tion. Careful watch for upwards of an hour sliowed that no other species was
taken, every capture proving to be S. faber, of which, curiously enough, only a
solitary specimen had occurred to us previously.- — Bernard S. Harwood,

Agraylca pallidula, McLach., added to the British faxma. — This species
described and illustrated in detail by McLachlan in " Fedtschenko's Travels in
Turkestan " (1875), and also in his " Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera
of the European Fauna" (1880), and further reported on in the " First Addi-
tional Supplement" to the latter work (IBSi), has \xp to the present time been
recorded very sparingly from Turkestan, Hungary, Riva, and Zurich. But
Mr. Martin E. Mosely, well known in connection with Anglei-s' Flies,
captured a single S in Berkshire, at Shetford on the Lambourne, on the last
day of August. — A. E. Eaton, Richmond Villa, Northam, N. Devon, R.S.O. :
September Uh, 1913.

(Dbituari).

Odo Morannal Renter died on September 2nd, aged 68 years, in Abo, his
native town. At the age of 17 he began his University studies at the Philoso-
phical faculty of Helsingfors, and took the degree of Phil. Doc. in 1876. From
1877 — 1910 he held an appointment as an academical lecturer in Zoology at the
Helsingfors University, when he retired. In the seventies he visited Scotland
and made extensive collections of all Orders of Insects, particularly in the Orkney
and Shetland Islands. In the eighties he studied at several museums in
Germany and Austria. His fii-st entomological contribution appeared in 1870,
and since that time he has published about 500 papei-s, chiefly in the " Acta "
and " Oef versigt " of the Finnish Society of Sciences, most of them dealing with

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1913.

Daniel Xyblin, photo.

1913.] 23 1

Hcmiptcra. His most important works are Heniiptera Gymnocerata Europse
(5 Vols, in 4to, 1878 — 1896), Monographia Anthocoridartim (1884), Revisio
synonymica Heteropterorum palxarcticorum (1888), and Beitrdge zur Phylogenic
und Systematik der Mirideri (1910). He was a foreign Member of the German
K. Leopoldiniscli-Carolinische Akademie der Natiirforscher, and an Honorary
Member of the Entomological Societies of Belgivim and London.

Most of Eeviter's time was devoted to the study of the difficult family
3Iiridpe (Capsidae), so rich in genera and species, and in this family he was the
leading authority. His re-modelling of the Mirid system will for a long time
to come remain the solid foundation upon which all serious Hemipterists have
to base their future studies in this family, and Eeuter's works on the Miridse
are alone svifficient to ensure him a permanent place among the foremost
systematic entomologists. He also recently proposed a new system of the whole
siib-order Heteroptera, which has been generally adopted with slight modifica-
tions. His monograph of the Anthocoridm and of the genvxs Oncocephalus give
ample evidence of his keen eye for minute, but constant, up to that time over-
looked chai-acters. He is also the author of several papers on the Collembola,
Thysanoptera, and Neuroptera of Finland, and he did much to popularize his
favoiu'ite science. Some of his Swedish books on the biology of insects have
been translated into German. Renter was possessed of an extraordinary
working power. For the last five years he was almost unable to walk and
totally blind, but this influenced his energy in no way. The entomological
journals were read to him, and the valuable papers published in his name
during this period were dictated to his secretary. When the writer of tliese
lines saw him in June this year, he appeared to be almost broken down, and he
knew that his days were numbered. Nevertheless he worked restlessly all the
summer at an extensive paper on myrmecomimetic Hemiptera, for which he
had obtained material from almost all living students of ants. This work can,
I think, be finished by another hand. He was a gifted poet, and besides a
great epic poem, " Karin Mansdotter's Saga," he published four voliimes of
lyric songs. His poetry shows his impressible mind and enthusiastic love of
Nature, and many of his poems and the novels in his book " Astray," evince his
profound sympathy for the poor, fallen, and miserable he had met in life. He
was a winning and warm-hearted man, loyal in friendship, and a genial and
witty companion in the days of his health. His blindness and other sufferings
he bore with great patience, and in one of his last poems he wrote resignedly : —

" The Power wise that took the light from me.
Well knew that I had seen enough indeed "

Now he has passed the gates beyond which he hoped there would be no
darkness more. — E. B.

^ocietifis.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, July 24t?i, 1913. — Mr. A. E. Tonge, President, in the Chair.

232 [October,

Mr. Edwards exhibited a pair of the Eryeinid Stalachtis evelina, from the
Lower Amazons. Mr. Adkin, Borkhausenia pseudospretella bred from hare's hair.
Mr. West, a series of the Coloopteron Anohium paniceum, found destroyinj^
tobacco leaves by Mr. Adkin. Mr. Curwen, some 15 examples of Pohjommatiis
icarus from near Dorking, showing much variation in the spotting and coalescence
of the spots on the under surface. Mr. Hugh Main, parasites of the larva of
Orgrjia antiq^ui and the larva of the large water-beetle. Hydrous piceus.
Mr. Ashdown, the larva of Hyles euphorbise from Switzerland. Mr. Barrett read
a note on the migration of Butterflies, Aporia crataegi and Pieris hrassica;, in
Sicily. Mr. Sich, the cocoon of Nepiicula viminetella.

Thursday, August lith, 1913. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. Adkin exhibited a series of Spilosoma iirticse reared from larva; taken at
Eastbourne in the autumn, 1912. Mr. Edwards, varied examples of tlie African
Hamanumida dsedalus, pointing out the extreme resjjonse of the underside
markings to the environment ; and the pupa of Tipula oleracea, the common
" daddy-long-legs." Mr. Bai-rett, Sicilian and Swiss Satyrus hermione, the foiuner
the larger, Raywardia telicanus and Lampides hwticits ivom Sicily, and the pupee
of Nonagria sparganii and N. typhm in sitv, head upwards in the former, down-
ward in the latter. Mr. Dennis, the parasitical plant, Orobanche major, from
Earl's Colne, and a gall on plantain caused by Tortrix icterana. Mr. Curwen
said that Colias edusa was common at Mickleham on August lOth, aud speci-
mens of Nisoniades tages were also obtained on the same date.

Thursday, August 2bth, 1913. — Mr. B. H. Smith, B.A., Vice-Pi-esident, in
the Chair.

Mr. Main exhibited the living imago of an ant-lion which he had bred
from a larva obtained in Switzerland in Jiuio last. It was a female, and while
held would feed on flies presented to it. Mr. West, the Orthopteron Thamno-
trizon cincrcus and Forjicula auricularia v. forcipata from Dartford, and on
behalf of Mr. Carr, the rare Coleopteron, Trichius fasciatus, from mid- Wales.
Mr. Adkin, a specimen of Agrotis exclamationis from Lewisham, in which the
reniform and orbicular stigmata were united. Mr. Dunster, Colias edusa from
Lyme Regis, P. atalanta, P. cardui, and V. io from Crewkerne, with Epionc
apiciaria, Mesoleuca ocellata, &.C., from the same locality. Mr. Ciu'wen, series of
Polyommatus escheri and Lycsena zephyrus v. lycidas from Switzerland. Mr. Carr,
ova of Boarmia gemmaria deposited in a box among ova of one of the " thorns."
Mr. Tiu'ner, specimens of the Coleopteron Cetonia aurataivom Cortina, a Cassida
bred from larva; feeding on a Salvia near Konig See, Bavaria, and a nest of a
wasp takini from a ^\■all on the road leading from Cortina to I'ieve di Cadore.
Mr. Sich repoi'ted the occiu-rence of a Tineid, Tineola biselliella, in some
numbers in the Indian rat-snake's den at the Zoological Gai'dens. Mr. Step
read a communication describing the deliberate cutting of holes by wasps
(Vespa germanica) throvigh tennis netting wliich had impeded the direct road
to their nest in his garden. — Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

1913.] 233

NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA FROM GIBEALTAE AND THE
SUEEOUNDING COUNTEY.

BY CAPTAIN J. J. JACOBS, R.E. (rET''), M. I. MECH. E., F.E.S.

{Continued from p. 204).

3951 — Gnophos niucidaria, Hb. The notes against H. japygiaria apply equally
to this species, except that this is the more plentiful.

3956. — G. asperaria, Hb. Two fine examples of this species taken in the Cork
Woods on February 24th, 1912.

3983. — Anthometra plumxdaria, B. Taken in June (1911) near the border of
the Cork Woods, at San Eoque. Fairly common.

ZQQQ.—Eurrantliis pennigeraria, Hb., var. chrysitaria, H.G. Taken at Granada
by Mr. G. O. Sloper, on May 7th, 1911.

3999. — E. plumist aria, Y ill. Met with near the "Queen of Spain's Chair" at
the summit of the Sierra Carbonera on April Gth, 1912, wlien a few
specimens were taken. A gale was blowing at the time, which knocked
the males abovit amongst the bushes, so that not one perfect specimen
was secured. Two perfect females, however, were taken from bushes
where they were drying their wings after emergence from the pups.

4009. — Thamnonoma semicanaria, Frr. This species is common throughout the
Gibraltar district in March and April. Easily distiu-bed from low
herbage during the day time.

4023. — Phasiane petraria, Hb. Disturbed from bracken during the day. Cork
Woods. March to May. Not very common.

4028. — P. partitaria, Hb. Gibraltar, in September and October (1910).
Eather scarce.

4053. — Econista agaritharia, Dardoin. One specimen taken at electric light on
the Europa main road, Gibraltar. It was flying very late at night on
November 8th, 1911. Mr. Prout remarks : " A scarce and variable
species, but always recognisable by the fore-leg and the neuration."

4077. — Aspilates ochrearia, Eossi. Generally distribiited throiighout the Gib-
raltar district, but not very common. It is found amongst grass and
at light from February to April, and again in the autumn. Very large
specimens are met with occasionally.

ExoT. — Celania tseniata, Snell. This little exotic Nolid taken at light in Gib-
raltar on September 27th, 1910.

4112. — Nola cristatula, Hb. Gibraltar, May, 1911—12. Scarce.

4132. — Nycteola falsalis, H.-S. Taken in October (1911) at Gibraltar; not
common.

4203. — Arctia villica, L.— I did not meet with this species until March, 1912.
From aboixt the middle of that month until May it occurred commonly
on the Eock of Gibraltar. The specimens are larger and finer tlian

U

234 [Octo>)er,

those taken in England, the hind-Avings arc brighter yellow, and some
of the creani-colonred spots on tlie fore-wings are nearly always con-
fluent.

4220. — A. latrcillei, Godt. A pair of this scarce little " Tiger-moth " was taken
on a grassy bank by the side of the railway through the Cork Woods,
by Mr. Littledale of Gibraltar, in May, 1911. The female duly
deposited her eggs and the resulting larvae were reared until half
grown, when they were unfortunately lost through an accident with
the box in which they were confined. The pair, which are in good
condition, were afterwards handed over to me. This species has been
recorded in former lists as A. casta, Esp.

4238. — Euprepia piulica, Esp. This somewhat " Caja "-like species was fairly
common at light in Gibraltar during the month of September, 1911.

4251. — Coscinia crihnim, L., var. Candida, Cyr. One of the commonest insects
at light in Gibraltar in April and May, and again from August to
October. Also taken in daytime on the Sierra Carbonera on April 21st,
1910. It varies considerably in size.

4255. — Hipocrita jacohsew, L. Common in some open localities in the Cork
Woods in Juno and July. Larger and finer than English specimens.

4257. — Deiopeia pulchella, L. I have heard of this insect l)eing abundant near
the Cork Woods, and at Algeciras, but have not been fortunate enough
to find it in anything like profusion. It was not uncommon at light in
Gibraltar during September and October, 1910-11, and among herbage
at Algeciras in May, 1912. I secixred .some very fine specimens.

4:273.— Apaidia mesogona, Godt. One specimen taken at Tangier on September

22nd, 1910.
4301. — Lithosia caniola, Hb. Apparently double-brooded, but scarce. Occurs

at Gibraltar in May and October.

ExoT. — Ilema apicalis, Wlk. I took a female example of this bright little
exotic " Footman " at Tangier on September 22nd, 1910. Appai-ently
the nearest locality from which it has previously been recorded is
Sierra Leone.

4328. — Zijg.vna sarpedon, Hb. Taken by Mr. G. O. Sloper at Granada in June,
1910.

4351. -Z. stcechadis, Bkh. I came \ipon this local species at a marshy place in
the Cork Woods on July 1st, 1911, when it was jjast its best condition,
but I managed to secure two or three good specimens.

4359. — Z. lavandulx, Esp. Taken at Granada by G. O. Sloper in June, 1910-11.

4383. — Z. hilaris, O. One specimen taken at Gibraltar in June, 1910.

4386. — Z. bxtica, Rbr. This " Burnet " is very abundant in Gibraltar, es-
pecially in and near the Alameda Gardens. The first brood was well
out on May 10th (1910). The second brood, which emerges in August,
is smaller and paler. I have taken specimens in good condition as
late as November.

lais.] 235

4389.— Z. occitanica, Vill. Taken at Granada by Mr. G. O. Sloper in June,
1910-11. Apparently the abs. albicMt,s, Stgr., and disjuncta, Spul.,
occur there as well as the type form. Some pupa? which Mr. Sloper
brought me produced the ali. allnrans on July 4th and 5th, 1910.

4463. — Hyalina albida, Esp., var. plumosella, Brd. Occurred by the side of
" Engineer Road," Gibraltar, in April, 1911. 1 took specimens on the
23rd and 30th of that month.

4573. — Sesia ichncumoniformis, S.V. Met with on one occasion at Gibraltar
near " Charles V.'s Wall," just above the Europa Road, on August
13th, 1910, wliere it was flying in the sunshine with a Hymenopteron
(Polistes cjallicus, L.), which it somewhat resembles on the wing.

4596. — S. colpiformis, Stgr. Taken at the Sierra Carbonera on June 25th, 1910.

4600. — S. rambiiri, Stgr. Not scarce on the lower slopes of the Sierra Car-
bonera early in June, 1911.

4622. — S. doryliformis, O. One specimen near San Roque on June 10th, 1911.

4627. - S. chrysidi/ormis, Esp. Taken at Cork Woods on July 2nd and 4th, 1910.

4705. — Stygia australis, Latr. On a very hot day (June 25th, 1910) at the
lower slopes of the Sierra Carbonera, where there is no shelter from
the blazing svin, I took one specimen of this uncommon-looking moth,
which appears like a ciirious red beetle when flying. Search was made
for other examples, but without success.

4718. — Zeuzera injrina, L. One male specimen was taken at Europa Main
Road, Gibraltar, clinging to a lamp-post. Axigust 2nd, 1911.

MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.

2. — Corcyra cephalonica, Stt. Gibraltar, July and August, 1911. Not
common.

12. — Lamoria jordanis. Rag. One specimen at Gibraltar on September 6th,
1910.

New. — Crambus, sp. Near paludellus, Hb. Two examples taken at Gibraltar
on September 26th and October 8th, 1910.

53.— C geniculeus, Hw. Common at light in Gibraltar during October
(1910-11).

109. — C. craterellus. Scop. Taken at the Cork Woods, Sierra Carbonera, and
Algeciras from April to July, but not common.

129. — C. caudiellus, H.-S. One specimen taken in the Cork Woods on July 4th,
1910.

165. — Ancylolomia tcntaculella, Hb. Taken at Gibraltar on Sept. 8th, 1910.

219. — Ematheudes punctella, Tr. At Algeciras in May and July (1910-12),
Not common.

232. — Hommosoma sinuella, F. Cork Woods and Algeciras, August (1910-11).

Not common.

U 2

236 fOctober,

253. — Plodia intcrpundella, Hb. Gibraltar, June and September (1910). Not
very common.

401. — Oxyhia transversella, Dup. Gibraltar, July 11th, 1911. Scarce.

423. — Pempelia ardosiclla. Rag. One specimen at light, Gibx-altar, October 9th,

1911.
468. — Zo^/iodia convotutella, Hb. Gibraltar, August 25th, 1911. Scarce.

510. — Etiella zinckenella, Tr. Not uncommon at Gibraltar from June to August
(1911).

516. - E. cantenerellayDxip. Amongst grass in Gibraltar in August (1910-11).
Scarce.

645.— Salchria semirubella, Scop. Taken at Algeciras in July and August ( 1910).
Not common.

766. — Myelois crihrella, Hb. Cork Woods and Algeciras in May and June,
1910-12. Not very plentiful.

787.— M. ccratonia;, Z. Gibraltar, June to August, 1910-11. Fairly common.

808. — Endotricha flammealis, Schiff. Granada, Algeciras, and Gibraltar in
AiTgust and September. Not plentiful.

825. — Aglossa jnnguinalis, L. Taken at the Sierra Carbonera on Jvme 3rd, 1911,
and in Gibraltar at light during October, 1911. Not very common.

831. — A. ciiprealis, Hb. From August to October at Granada and Gibraltar
(1910). Not common.

835. — Fyralis ohsoletalis, Mann. One specimen at light in Gibraltar on
August 19th, 1911.

836.— P. y'amiaZis, L. Fairly common at Gibraltar and Tangier from June to
November (1910-11).

901. — Cledeohia co7inectalis, Hb. The males are very jjlentifid on the grassy
lower slopes of the Sierra Carbonera and the ojjen gi-assy country
beyond Algeciras in May and June (1910-12). The females are not
often met with.

903. — C. anijuslalis, Schiff. — Two specimens taken in the Cork Woods on
August 16th, 1911.

^XOT.—Nymphula stagnalis, Zell. One example of this little exotic motli, in
excellent condition, was taken at light in Gibraltar on October 27th,
1911.

d27. — Duponchelia fovcalis, Z. Gibraltar, at light on October 6th, 1910.
Apparently scarce.

930. — Stenia hrugxderalis, Dup. I found this species one of the commonest
moths at light at Gibraltar in May and June, and again from August
to October, 1910-12. I have also taken it by day in the semi-dark
tunnels at the back of the Rock.

1813]. 237

931, — S. i^unctalis, Schiff. Found only in one spot on the Kock of Gibraltar,
near the Mediterranean Stairs, in May, 1911-12. Not common.

971. Scoparia lineola, Cnrt. Taken at rest on tree-trunks and walls in spring
and autumn at Gibraltar. Not rare. This was recorded previously as
S. august ea, Steph.

987. — Ercta ornatalis, Dup. Not iincommon in Gibraltar and Algeciras from
August to October (1910-11).

998. — Glyphndes unionalis, Hb. This species, which occurs in Britain as a great
rarity, is one of the most plentiful Pyrales at light in Gibraltar from
August to November. It is also occasionally taken there in February
and during the summer months.

1003. — Hellula undalis, F. Taken at light in Gibi-altar on October 11th, 1911.
Not common.

1029. — Evergestis politalis, SchifF. One specimen at the Cork Woods on
May 23rd, 1911.

1039. — Nomophila noctuella, Schiff. As plentiful throughout the Gibraltar dis-
trict in May and October as it is in England and some other countries.

1042. — Phlydsenodes palealis, Schiff. Another species which occurs in Britain,
but I did not find it as plentiful here as in the Isle of Sheppey some
years ago. Taken sparingly at Algeciras during May and June
(1910-12).

1058. - P. midalis, Hb. Common in the Gibraltar district dimng the summer
and autiunn months (1910-11).

1072. — Antigastra catalaunalis, Dvip. Gibraltar at light in October and November
(1911) ; not common.

1073. — Mecyna polygonalis, Hb. Taken at Tangier only, in September, 1910, and
March, 1912. The specimens of the spring brood are larger and finer
than those taken in the autumn. Not very common.

1115. — Metasia suppandalis,llh. A bright male example taken at Granada on
August 8th, 1910. Females, past their best condition, taken at Gibraltar
in June and Augvist (1911).

1151. — Pionea ferrugalis, Hb. Common throughout the Gibraltar district almost

all the year round. A unicolorous example taken on June 26th, 1911.
1160. — P. verbascalis, Schiff. Taken at Algeciras on May 11th, 1912. Scarce.
1167. — P. numeralis, Hb. A generally connnon species at light in Gibraltar

dviring the autumn months.
1197. — Pyrausta incoloralis, Guen. Two examples taken in Gibraltar, October

9th and 11th, 1911.
1218. — P. nubilalis, Hb. One specimen taken at Algeciras (waterfalls) on

July 16th, 1910.

1221. -P. asinalis, Hb. Common in Gibraltar from March to October (1910-11).
1242.— P. sanguinalis, L. Examples taken in Gibraltar and Algeciras in May,
July and August (1910-12). Scarce.

238 October,

1251." P. purpuraUs, L. A not uncommon species tlirotiyhout the Gibraltar
district during tlie summer months. They luive more yellow on the
hind wings than British exami^les.

1:291. — Noctudia floralis, Hb. Found in the same localities as the preceding
species, biit not quite so common, and are flying later in the season,
good specimens having been taken in Augxxst (1910-11).

1303. — N. isatidalis, Dup. One example of this rare moth taken at Gibi-altar on

October 21st, 1911.
1313. — Oxyjjtilus tristis, Z. Gibraltar, April 23rd, 1911. Scarce.

1314. — 0. distans, Z. This " Pliune-Moth " occiu's at Gibraltar and Algeciras
from June to Aixgust, but not commonly.

1365. - Alucita tetradactyla, L. Rare. Taken at light in Gibraltar during
autumn months.

1383. — Pterophorus lithodnctylus, Tr. Taken at Gibraltar in Marcli and June
(1911). Not common.

1387. —P. monodactyhis, L. One fine example of this common British " Pliuue-
Moth " taken at Gibraltar on October 28th, 1910.

1105. — Stcnoptilia zophodactyla, Dup. Gibraltar, one example on November 7th,
1910, and one on November 8th, 1911.

1420. — Agdistis frankenise, Z. Were it not for the black dots on the tightly
rolled forewings, this " Plume-Moth " might be mistaken for its near
British relative A. bennetii. Curt., which is found so commonly on some
of the salt marshes of Kent. Occasionally taken in Gibraltar, near the
sea shore, in June and November.

1432. Orneodes desmodactyla, Z. Taken at light in Gibraltar fi'om January to
June (1910-12). Not common.

1455. — Acalla variegana, Schiff. Algecirsis, on June 23rd, 1911. Scarce.

1500. — Dichelia hycrana, Mill. Gibraltar, on November 21st, 1910 Also scarce.

1528, — Cacmcia unifasciana, Dup. Gibraltar, Jvuie 3rd, 1910. One specimen.

1573. — Tortrix pronubana, Hb. Algeciras and Gibraltar, from March to June.
Not uncommon.

1008. — Cnephasia longana, Hw., var. insolata^ia, H.-S. Two exami^les, dis-
turbed from grass at Tarifa on June 12th, 1911.

1622. — C. wahlbomiana, L. A well marked example of this Torlrix taken at
Gibraltar on May 21st, 1910.

1638. — CheimatopJiila tortricella, Hb. Cork Woods on February 25th, 1911.
Not common.

1649. — Lozopera tnauritanica, Wlsm. Two examples taken .it Gibraltar on
April 20th, 1912.

1686. — Conchylis simoniaud, Stgr. Taken at tlie (.!ork Woods on February 24th,
1912. Scarce.

li'i^^i 239

1829. — Phtheochroa rugosana, Hh. One examiile at lig-ht in Gribi-altar on
October 20tli, 1910.

1968. — Crocidosemaplebejana, 7j. Gibraltar, at liu'lit on August 2nd, 1911. Scarce.
2017. — Bactra lanceolana, Hb. Cork Woods on July 2nd, 1910. Not common.

2137. —Epihlema thajjsiana, Z. Taken at light in Gibraltar in June and Avigust
(1911-12). Not very common.

2257. — Carpncapsa poinonella, L. One example in Gibraltar on April 13th, 1910.

2926. — Rhinosia formosella, Hb. San Eoque, on June 10th, 1911. Apparently
scarce.

3015. — /'terolonche pulverulenta, Z. Taken in Gibraltar in August, 1911. Not
very common.

3019. — Epidola stigma, Stgr. Taken with the preceding. Scarce.

3117. — Pleurota ericella, Dvip. One example of this peculiar little moth taken
in Gibraltar on June 26th, 1911.

3143.^ — Psecadia hipimctella, F. A well marked fresh specimen taken at lighten
my verandah on October 9th, 1911. No other examples seen.

3201.- Depressaria scopariella, Hein. Gibraltar, in June and August (1911).
Not very common.

3233. — D. applana, F. One example at Gibraltar on November 1st, 1910.

3280 — D. heracliana, DeGeer. Two examples of this common British species
taken at light in Gibraltar, in November and January (1911-12).

3326a. — Lecithocera luticomella, Z., var. pallicornella, Stgr. One example at
light, Gibraltar, October 5th, 1911.

3860.— ColeopJwra? dianthi, H.-S. Gibraltar, May 10th, 1910. One example
only.

4:205. — Lithocollef is adenocarpi, Stgr. Cork Woods on March 28th, 1910. Not
plentiful.

4464. — Atychia cassandrella, Stgr. Gibraltar, July 15th, 1910. One example.

4584. — Tinea pellionella, L. Taken at Gibraltar on September 30th, 1910. Not
common.

4598, — T. chrysopterella, H.-S. This bright little moth occurs in the Gibraltar
district not uncommonly in May and June (1910).

4622. — Tineola crassicornella, Z. Taken at the Cork Woods in May, 1910.
Apparently uncommon.

4693. — Nemotois latreillelhis, F. This brightly marked little "Long-horn,"
recalling the British Adela degeerella, L., which is so common in our
English woods in early siunmer, is not scarce at San Eoque and
Algeciras in May and Jvme (1910-11).

About 90 species of Coleojitera and Hemiptera were taken, but,
they have not yet been fully worked out, and as these Orders have

240 [October, 1913.

been extensively dealt with in the following excellent papers, it is not
considered necessary to give lists of them here.

1. "An Entomological Winter Campaign in Spain and North Africa,"

by Gr. Dieck ; a translation of which appears in the " Entomo-
logist," Vol. XXI, pp. 38-43, and 75-81 (1888).

2. Papers on the " CoUoptera of the Region," by Gr. C. Champion ; in

Trans. Eut. Soc, 1891, pp. 375-402 ; and 1898, pp. 65-104.

3. A paper on the Hemiptera-Heteroptera, by Edward Saunders ; in

Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol. XXIX, pp. 98-102.

The following lists of some of the Aculeate-Hymenoptera (36
species), Diptera (24 species), and Nenroptera, &c. (30 species) taken,
have not apparently been previously recorded from the region.

ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA.

{Identified hy the Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A.)

Dasylahris {Mutilla) ynaura var. arenaria, F. J; Elis senilis, ¥. 9;
Salius rubellus, Eversm. $ ; Sceliphron spirifex, L. (J ; Philanthus trian-
gulum, F. 9 ; Bembex meditarranea, Handl. $ and ? ; Vespa crahro, L. $ ;
Polistes gallicus, L. 9 and ^ ; Eiimenes coarctatus, L., var. 'pomiformis, g ;
Odynerus {Lio7iotus) c7-enatus, Lep. ? ; Halictns scahiosx, Rossi ^ ; Anthophora
acervomm, h., var. 7iigroJulva. 9 ; -4. quadrifasciata, Vill. 9 ; ^- alhigena,
Lep. 9; A. garrula, 'Rossi 9; A. dispar, he]^. 9; Eucera notata,Le]^. 9; Anthi-
dium manicatum, L. g ; A. sticticum, Lep. (J and 9 ; Osmia aurulenta, Pz. <J ;
0. morawitzi, Per. J ; Chalicodoma muraria, F., var. bsetica, 9 ; Xylocopa
violacea, L. 9 ; Melecta armata, Pz. 9 ; Crocisa ramosa, Lep. 9 ; Bomhus terres-
tris, L. 9 ; Apis mellifica, L. 9 .

Other species of Aculeate Hymenopfera from the region are dealt
with in a paper by Edward Saunders published in Ent. Mo. Mag.,
Vol. XXVI, pp. 201-205 and 289-291.

DIPTERA.

{Identified by E. E. A^lsten, Nat. Hist. Museum).

Tabanid^ : Pangonia, sp. ; Pangonia, sp. ; Chrysops cxcutiens, Linn. ;
Tabanus macularis, Fabr. ; Tabanus, sp.

BoMBYLiDiE : Villa paniscus, Rossi; Anthrax, sp. ; Lomatia sabxa, Fabr.;
Amictus variegatus, Meig ; Bombylius punctatus, Fabr. ; B. sp. ? cruciatus,
Fabr.

Empid.® : Empis tessellata, Fabr.

AsiLiDJE : Selidopogoyi diadema, Fabr.; Asihis barbarus, hinn. ; Asilus, sp.

Strphid.*; : Catabomba albomaculata, Macq. ; Sphxrophoria scripta, Linn.
Eristalistenax, Linn.; Myiatropa florea, Linn.; Cerioides vespiforniis, Latr.

Tachinidjc : Eutachina, sp.

MusciDiE : Gastrophilus bengalensis, Macq.

EXOTIC LEPIDOPTEEA.

W. E. H. Rosenberg, 57, Haverstock Hill, Londou, N.W.,
England,
Begs to announce the publication of a new Price List (No. 18), containing over
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CONTENTS. PAG,

On the Britisli species of Bythinus, Leach. — James Edward-o, F.E.S 217

Tribolium castaneum, Herbst = ferrugineum, Auct. {nee Fab.) — K. G. Blair,

F.E.iS 222

New species of Coleoptera allied to Xantholinus ochraceus, Gyll. — Norman H.

Joy, M.R.C.S., F.E.S 224

On Apion selousi, Newb., and other species of Apion — E. A. Newhery 226

On two species of Haplothrips new to the British Fauna — R. S. Bagnall,

F.L.S., F.E.S 227

Nemosoma elongatum, L., in the Oxford district. — J. Collins 229

Pairing of different species of Coccinellidse. — J. R. le B. Tomlin, M.A., F.E.S. 229
Cicindela maritima, Dej., on the coast of Kent. — J. J. Walker, M.A., R.N.,

F.E.S 229

Gnorimus nobilis, &c., at Colchester. — Bernard S, Harwood 230

Cerceris 5-fasciata preying on Strophosoraus i&her. — Id 230

Agraylea pallidula, McLach., added to the Britisli Fauna. — Rev. A. E. Eaton,

M.A.,F.LS 230

Obituabt.— Prof. Odo Morannal Eeuter, Hon. F.E S. {with Portrait) 230

Societies. — South London Entomological Society 231

Notes on Lepidoptera from Gibraltar and the surrounding country {continued).

— Capt. J. J. Jacobs, R.E. {retd.), M.I.Mech.E., F.E.S 233

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Begs to announce the publication of a new Price List (No. 18), containing over
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

A forty-eight page illustrated magazine, issued monthly, except in August and
September, devoted to the study of INSECT LIFE. It contains a resume of the
proceedings of a number of Entomological Societies, and also articles by the leading
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November, 1913.] 241

NEUROPTEEA, &c.

(Identified i^j/ W. J. Lucas, B A.)

Nbuboptera Palpares libelluloides, Linn. ; Nemoptera lipennis, Illiger.

Odonata : Sympetrum sanguineum, Miiller ; Onychocjompihus uncatus,
Charp., S ; Anax imperator, Leach, g ; JEschna ndxta, Latr., S ; Caloptcryx
hsemorrhoidalis, Van der Lind, ? ; Lcstes viridis, Van der Lind.

Orthoptera : Labidura riparia, Pallas ; Matitis religiosa, Linn. ; Iris
oratoria, Linn. ; Acrida nasuta. Fab. ; Pachytylus danicus, Linn. (= cinerascens.
Fab.) ; (Edipoda cserulescens, Linn. ; 0. fuscocincta, Lucas.

(The other species taken have not yet been identified).

Amongst the Arachnida, Myriojjoda, &c. taken, is a new species of
spider, which Mr. Stanley Hirst, of the Nat. Hist. Museum, proposes
to describe shortly under the name of Calpetis jacobsi.

It is certain that the above lists represent but a small fraction of
the various insects which would be found in this region, if each Order
were as systematically worked as the Lepidoidera have been.

As an Appendix I give a list of Lepidoptera previously recorded,
mostly by Commander J. J. Walker, but which have not been met
with by me, thus bringing into a concise and up-to-date form our
present knowledge of the Insect fauna of this interesting region.

APPENDIX.

Colias hyale, Godt. — Granada, May, 1911. A. H. Jones.

Vanessa urticse, Esp. — Granada. A. H. Jones.

Pieris napi, L. — Cork Woods. L. P. Irby.

Thestor mauritanicus, Lucas. — Tangier, March, 1887-9. J. J. W.

Lycsena theophrastv.s, F. — Esmir, July, 1888. J. J. W.

Melitma pjhoebe, Kn., var. xtheria, Hiibn., Cork Woods, April — May. J. J. W.

Argynnis latona, E. - Cainpamento, June, 1887. J. J. W.

Anosia ^J^eKipfits, L. - Gibraltar, October, 1886. Lieut. Bolton, E..A., re-
corded. J. J. W.

Pa,rarge msera, L., var. adraste, Hiibn. — Malaga, April. 1888, and Granada,
1911. J. J. W. and A. H. Jones.

Hesperia zelleri, Lederer.— Marocco, Sept.— Oct. 1887-8. J. J. W.

Pterogon proserpina, Pall. — Cainpamento. Larvae, June 1888. J. J. W.

Sciapteron tabaniforme, Eott. — Gibraltar, July, 1887. J. J. W.

Paranthene tineiformis, E. — San Eoque, June. J. J. W.

Nola cicatricalis, Treitschke.— Gibraltar, October. J. J. W.

Phragmatobia fuliginosa, L. — Esmir. J. J. W.

Orgyia josephinx, Oberth. — Esmir. J. J. W.

Ocneria atlantica, Kamb. — Gibraltar, July, 1887. J. J. W.

Cossus ligniperda, L. — Larva, Campamento. J. J. W.

24,2 * [November,

Sahirnia carpini, L. — Cork Woods. March. J. J. W.

Pygxra bucephala, L.— San Eoque, March, 1888. J. J. W.

Cerura bifida, L.— Gibraltar, August. J. J. W.

Raphia hyhris, Hiibn. — Gibraltar, August, 1887. J. J. W.

Acronycta psi, L. — Tangier, April, 1887. J. J. W.

Tapinostola nuiscidosu, L. — San Roque, May. J. J. W.

Pachnohia rubricosa, W. V. — Campamento, May, 1888. J. J. W.

Agrotis dahlii, Hiibn. — Gibraltar, November, 1887. J. J. W.

A. leucogastcr, Freyer. — Tetuan, February, 1887. J. J. W.

A. ypsilon, Eott. — Gibraltar, October. J. J. W.

Trigonophora fiammea, E. — Gibraltar, November, 1887. J. J. W.

Eriopus latreillei, Dup. — Gibraltar, October, 1887. J. J. W.

Calocampa vetusta, Hiibn. — Gibraltar, October, 1887. J. J. W.

Calophasia platyptera, E. — Tangier, September, 1887. J. J. W.

Clcophana antirrhini, Hiibn. — San Roque, May, 1887. J. J. W.

C. yvanii, Dup.— Cork Woods, May. 1887. J. J. W.

Cucullia verbasci, L.— Gibraltar district, April. J. J. W.

Hcliothis incarnata, Fr. — Cork Woods and Algeciras, May-July, 1887 — 8.

J. J. W.
Catocala dilecta, Hiibn. — Algecii-as, July, 1888. J. J. W.
C. promissa, W. V. — -Algeciras, June, 1888. J. J. W.
Cerocala scapulosa, Bdv. — Coi'k Woods, April and May. J. J. W.
Ophmsa bi/asciata, Petagna. — Tangier, September, 1888. J. J. W.
PseudopMa lunaris, W.V.— Cork Woods, April, 1888. J. J. -W.
P. tirrhoM, Cr.— Gibraltar, Hlb., 1887. J. J. W.
Spintherops spectrum, F.— Sierra Carbonera, Jime, 1887. J. J. W.
Emmilia trabealis, Scop. — Campamento, August, 1887. J. J. W.
Prothymia conir.ephala. Stand.— San Roque, July, 1887. J. J. W.
Eugonia quercaria, Hiibn. — Cork Woods, June, 1887. J. J. W.
Pseudosestra obtusaria, Walk. - San Roque, March, 1888. J. J. W.
Ligia opacaria, Hubn.— Cork Woods, October, 1887. J. J. W.
Tcrpnomicta dilectaria, Hiibn. ^Tangier, September, 1887. J. J. W.
Selidoserna plumaria, W. V. — Campamento, summer and autxunn. J. J. W.
Thamnonoma gesticularia, Hubn. — Cork Woods, May and June. J. J. W.
Fidonia J'amula, Esp.— Granada, May, 1911. Jones.

Gnopihos respcrsaria, Hiibn. — Cork Woods and Gibraltar, June. J. J. W.
Boarmia rhomboidaria, W. V. — Algecii'as, June, 1888. J. J. W.
Pachycnernia hippocasianaria, Hiibn. — Cork Woods, May. J. J. W.
Ncmoria herbaria, Hiibn. — Gibraltar, October, 1888. J. J. W.
Acidalia perochraria, Rossi. — Campamento, Jime. J. J. W.
A. elongaria, Ramb.— Campamento, May, 1887. J. J. W.
A circuitaria, Hiibn. — Beuziis Bay, June, 1887. J. J. W.
A. ostrinaria, Hiibn. — Cork Woods, June. J. J. W.
A. emutaria, Hiibn. — Esmir, November, 1888. J. J. W.
Sterrha consecraria, Ramb. — Gibraltar, October, 188S. J. J. W.
Chesias griseata, W. V.— Gibraltar, May, 1887. J. J. W.

1913.] ' 243

Ortholitha peribolata, Hiibn.— Cork Woods, October, 1887. J. J. W.
Larcntia bilineata, L. — Cork Woods, Jtily. J. J. W.
Stemmatophora gadesialis, Eagonot.— San Roque, Jxily, 1887. J. J. W.
Aso2na glaucinalis, L. - Gibraltar, October, 1S87. J. J. W.

" La Casa,"

99, Bensham Manor, Thornton Heath :
June, 1913.

THE LIFE-HISTOEY OF A NEW FAMILY (MICROMALTHID.^)
OF BEETLES.

BY HERBERT S. BARBER.

Mr. H. S. Barber's accouut of the life-history of the single known
species of this family of Malacodenn Colerrptera [Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., XXVI, pp. 185-190 (Aug., 1913)] is so interesting that we
take the oppoi'tiinity of reproducing a portion of his paper. The
family 3Iicromalthkhv is nearly related to Lymexylonidee, and is at
present nionotypic, being based upon Micromaltlnts debilis, Lee, from
North America, an insect having the general facies of Hydnocera of
the family Gleridai.—'EBS.

" During an attempt, still progressing, to secure by breeding all of the stages
in the paedogenetic beetle, Micronialthus debilis, Lee, certain astonishing facts
have become evident which make the life-history of this beetle the most
remarkable in the Coleoptera, if not one of the most remarkable in the whole
class Insecta. Although still far from complete the publication of the life-
history, as now known or foreseen, may cause students investigating other life-
histories to look for hitherto unsuspected features in their problems, which if
not really looked for, would pass unnoticed.

Micronialthus presents perhaps the most plastic larval forms yet known,
combined with a practically fixed adult form of wide distribution. No close
relatives are known, and it seems remarkable that specimens from Michigan,
Kentucky, and Virginia should exhibit no tendency towards local variation in
a species apparently of such feeble powers of migration. It combines in its
life-cycle —eggs by two methods of reproduction, seven or eight forms of larva?,
adults through two distinct lines of larvse, ovii^arous psedogenesis and vivi-
parous pedogenesis. The species appears to present a beautiful case of
sex-determination, and this also seems to be an effective barrier against
inbreeding ; for males and females of the same brood appear unable to issue
simultaneously on account of the interpolated larval stages of the former

The breeding of the specimens is not difficult, except when too frequently
disturbed. The larvae do not appear well able to x-e-adjust their surroundings

V 2

244 [November,

after the gii.Uory is opened, and the adherence of the skin to any smooth
surface like glass lias prevented their being kept in thin sections between
microscope slides. Chips of wood kept in plaster cells have given best results,
but the life-history must be pieced together out of disjointed observations and
occasional thorough examinations of breeding material of known origin.

Beginning with the yovmg larva born by the ptedogenetic mother larva, avc
have a minute white larva principally conspicuous by its long, slender legs of
the Carabid type— i.e., coxa, trochanter, femiu', tibia, tarsus and two claws.
The remains of the mother are usually consumed by some of her young, after
which all crawl away. This stage is to the species a minor migratory form,
securing dispersal into new parts of the log in which the colony is living.
After crawling oiit of the mother's cell the young wander for a time, then start
burrowing into the wood again, feed a little, and after a week or so moult into
the second form which is legless and much resembles a Cerambycid larva, but
for its odd but inconspicuous anal armatux-e. A second or perhaps a third
movdt must occur in this form to allow for growth of head. The larva bores
tlirough the wood, packing its gallery tightly behind it with dust for some
months, the body appearing dark coloured from the food in the alimentary
tract. During the latter part of this growth the eggs in the ovaries of what
will be the ptedogenetic form become plainly evident as large obliquely placed,
oval, white bodies on each side of the distended and dark colored alimentary
tract. Wlien full fed it reverses its position in the gallery, makes a cell and
begins to " sestivate." Gradually the body becomes white until no food is left
in the alimentary tract. It then either, very rarely, pupates, or usually, moults,
disclosing the psedogenetic form. After a period of about two weeks the young
numbering from three or four, to thirty or forty, but usually about ten in
number are born, tail first, and begin the new generation. Certain individuals
of the pajdogenetic form, however, do not develop embryos, and of these many
die apparently barren, but others void, through the vulva, instead of several
niigiatory or " Caraboid " young, a single large, soft, oval egg wliich adheres to
the side of the mother and hatches in eight or ten days into a first stage larva
utterly unlike the previous forms, and which much resemble a weevil larva in
appearance. This larva puts its head into the vulva of its mother and feeds on
the contents of her body, growing rapidly and looking like the larva of a
Hymenoptero\is parasite. When full-fed it changes into anotlier form of larva
having short, stumpy, thi-ee-jointed legs, and later pupates. It now appears
that only male imagoes develop oiit of this metrophagous larva from the
uni-oviparous paedogenetic form, and that only female imagoes develop direct
from pupa' out of the Cerainbicoid larva>.

According to common knowledge it is expected that the female after mating
will lay eggs (few in number and of large size as in other ptedogenctic species)
which will liatcli into first stage larvae (probably different from either of the
other first stage larva; that liave been mentioned), and that these will moult
into feeding larvaj tliat may or may not be the feeding larva' preceding the
paedogenetic form.

1913.] 245

It is believed that males only are developed from tlie mother-devouring
Cnrculioid larva hatching from the single egg of the oviparous pasdogenetic
form, and that the amount of animal food taken by the young Caraboid larva?
in feeding after birth upon the body of their viviparous pajdogenetic mother
may govern the development of females or the oviparous ptedogenetic form
instead of viviparous pa3dogenetic individuals. Other factors, however, m^ist
of course play important parts, and it is quite possible that a change of the
wood to a dryer, warmer condition may force a majority of the develojiing
brood of feeding larva; out as females.

The provision against inbreeding, before alluded to as the series of inter-
polated larval stages of the male shoiild be better explained. The Cerambicoid
larva, to produce a female, simply changes to pupa and issues very shortly as
adult ? ; while one that will produce a male must become in seqtience : —
uni-oviparovis psedogenetic form,— egg, — Curculioid 1st larva,— metrophagous
larva,— short-legged prep vipa,— pupa, and adult J . By this time all of his
sisters will have lived their short lives and died.

A detailed account of one of the most significant series of observations, in
which the progeny of one psedogenetic mother developed to reproduce by all
three methods above shown, may put the matter in a clearer light to the reader.

A colony of larva; was foimd in a pine log at Natural Bridge, Ky., in
September, 1912, by Mr. T. E. Snyder, who gave some fragments of wood con-
taining Cerambicoid larvae to the writer on January 3rd, 1913. These were
placed in a plaster cell, and on February 8th the colony was found to be
maturing into psedogenetic individuals. From these latter a number of isola-
tions were made, and one large community cell was started of the progeny
foimd in the cell of a psedogenetic mother whose shrunken body had probably
been consvuned by the young, as has since been almost proven to be the rule.
These twenty-one, first-stage, legged larvse were placed in a plaster cell in a tin
box and supplied with food in the form of fragments of decaying wood from an
oak stump, in which the writer had failed to find evidence of this species.
In an hour the larvse had all disappeared, but later one was found dead with
the fungus disease (?) that causes these larvse to turn pink, die, and then throw
out fine radiating white filaments for nearly a millimeter in all directions.
Some others probably died earljr. After two months some of the chips were
broken up, and larvse of about 3 mm. in length were found. Luckily, on
July 1st, almost five months after starting the breeding cell, the contents were
carefully examined. Sixteen of the original twenty-one were fovind in the
following conditions : —

Seven were full-fed larvse, in two of which the psedogenetic form could
be seen ready to moult.

Four were in the psedogenetic stage, but did not display embryos within
body, and subsequently died (apparently barren).

Two were represented only by the cells in which the psedogenetic form had
developed, given birth to young and been consumed by them; six
young being in one cell and seven young in the other.

246 [November,

Two pfedogenetic individixals had each laid an fc^o- whicli was adhering to
the side of the body.

One liad transformed to tlie pupa of the a<lult $ .

The cells of the pnpa and one of the oviparous pa^dogenetic individi\als
were less than 3 mm. apart, and in wood of the sam<^ character of decay, which
fact would appear opposed to the idea of food differences controlling develop-
ment, unless early in their history.

Of the above, some were preserved, some died ; the young were placed in
new cells with pulverized wood to try to raise them. The pupa transformed to
an adult female which lived about five days and died unmated. One of the two
pcedogenetic individuals, with attached egg, rubbed the egg free, and the latter
was lost in the wood debris. Next day the other specimen had two adhering
bodies — one egg and one young Curculioid larva, the latter being in the posi-
tion on the mother in wliich her first egg had been. The new egg may have
been the one lost by the other reproductive individual, or may have been a
second egg laid by the one who carried it. At any rate, the first larva had the
advantage, and the next day the rival egg had disappeared (supposed to have
been eaten) ; the larva had its head in the vulva of the mother and was growing
rapidly, feeding on the contents of her body, but latei-, wlien full-fed, became a
victim of mould, and died."

COLEOPTERA IN CAMBRIDGESHIEE AND HUNTINGDONSHIEE.
BY H. FORTESCUE FRYER, F.E.S.

The following list of GoJeoptera taken in Cambridgeshire and
Huntingdonshire does not purport to be a complete County List, but
it may perhaps be of assistance to some worker who at a future time,
by an exhaustive- search through the records contained in various
publications, may compile such a catalogue.

I am aware that a communication of this kind is lacking in
general interest, but it seemed inadvisable that the results of nearly
ten years systematic collecting should be lost : more especially as the
districts Chatteris and Holwoods, which are contiguous and occupy
an area of some 30 square miles, have been regularly and more or less
thoroughly worked, and, exchiding the Trichopterygidc'e, it is very
seldom that a fresh species comes under notice.

The species enumerated are those I and my son, J. C. F. Fryer,
have taken during the years 1905 — 1913 ; in some few cases the
record of a species goes back to 1879 — 1882 ; when these records have
not been confirmed during the period first mentioned, the words "old
record " have been added. In cases where only one specimen of a

1913.] 247

species has occurred, although there is no reason to doiibt the correct-
ness of the record, it has been thought advisable to note the fact.

It has not been considered necessary to indicate the relative
scarcity or the reverse of a species, as many which are taken in-
frequently are probably plentiful in their own particular, though it
may be restricted, locality ; or their occurrence is dependent on the
distribution of their food-plant ; or again they must be sought for in
a special manner, e.g., wood-borers and root-feeding species.

The determination of many of the more critical species, and in
some cases of entire genera, has been confirmed by expei'ts, while that
of the remainder is, I believe, to be depended on, as also are the
localities. On the other hand, in a list like this, errors are not im-
possible and in such cases will be subject to correction.

I am much indebted to Dr. D. Sharp, Messrs. Balfour-Browne,
W. Bevins, E. G. Elliman, J. H. Keys, and J. R. le B. Tomlin for their
kindness in examining difficult species and genera, and to the Hon.
Chas. Rothschild, who since he has acquired it, has kindly allowed us
to continue collecting in Wood Walton Fen.

Notes on Localities.

Cambridgeshire.

Chatteris. The locality Chatteris consists of a very varied collecting
ground, and calls for special notice. It contains (1) CvUtivated fen, e.g.,
Chatteris Acre Fen, fields divided by ditches filled with reeds, Carex, Juncus,
and various water-plants ; (2) Uncultivated fen, e.g., Chatteris Tvirf Fen, S. ;
(3) Strong land having one small jjortion fairly well-wooded with old oaks and
maples. These varied conditions account for the large number of species the
locality contains.

HoLwooDS. Cultivated fen, the forest trees only willows and poplars.

Chippenham and Wicken are well known and need no comment.

WiMBLiNGTON FiRELOTS and HORSEWAY are two pieces of uncultivated
fen with a more restricted Flora than Chippenham and Wicken.

Mepal and Eabith lie on the banks of the Ouse, a tidal river ; the insects
recorded from these localities are almost entirely from flood rubliish, some of
which comes down from the county of Huntingdon.

DoDDiNQTON is an old oak wood of limited extent, the only wood among
the Cambridgeshire localities.

Babraham, Cherryhinton, Fleam Dyke, and Newmarket lie on the
chalk.

Madinqley is partly chalk and partly strong land.

248 . [November,

Arrington and MBi-BorRN aro ordinary strong land.

Cambridge is well knowi: and needs no comment.

The tidal river before mentioned rnns for some five or six miles on the edge
of the Chatteris and Ilolwoods district, a fact Avhieh may account for the record
of a few species whose occnrrence inland would otherwise be unlikely.

HuNTINGDONiSHIRE.

Warbots is an oak wood very similar in character to Monks Wood, with
which in former times it may have been in connection.

Wood Walton is a Huntingdonshire fen, of which Holme Fen is the type.

Alconbubt, Colne Drove, Kimbolton and Old Hurst are ordinary
Huntingdonshire strong land.

St, Neots, Hemingpord, and St. Ives lie on the banks of the Ouse and
consist of similar land.

* Denotes the occurrence of one specimen only.

Carabid^,.

Carahus nenioralis, Miill. — Holwoods; granulatus, L. — Chatteris, Warboys ;
monilis, F. — Chatteris. Notiojyhilus biguttatus, F. — generally distribiited ; sub-
striatus, Wat. — Chatteris, Wood Walton ; aquaticus, L. — Holwoods ; rvfipes.
Curt.* — Holwoods, one specimen; palustris, Dufts.— Doddington, Mepal, Hol-
woods, Warboys. Leistus fulvibarbis, Dej. — Chatteris; ferrugineus, L. — gener-
ally distributed ; rufescens, F. — Chatteris. Elaphrus riparius, L. — old record,
Chatteris. Loricera pilicornis, ¥. — Chatteris ; Clivina fossor, L. — Mepal.
Dyschirius globosus, Hbst. — Mepal, Wood Walton. Badister unipustu-
latus, F. — Chatteris Acre Fen; bipustulatus, F. — Chatteris, Holwoods,
Warboys; sodalis, Dufts. — Wood Walton. Oodes helopioides, F. — Wood
Walton. Acupalpus exiguus, Dej. — Wood Walton, Wimblington ; meri-
diamis, L.— Chatteris, Holwoods ; conspuhis, Dufts., Chipijenham. Bradycellus
placidus, Gyll.— Wimblington, Wood Walton ; verbdsci, Dufts. — Chatteris
harpalinus, Dej.— Chatteius. Harpahis rupicola, Stm. — Chatteris; puncti
collis, Pk. — Chatteris ; rufibarbis, F. — Chatteris, Chippenham ; ruJicor7ns, F.
and xneus, F. — generally distributed; latiis, L.— Chatteris, Mepal; tardus
Panz. — Holwoods, Chatteris. Stomis pumicatus, Pz.— Chatteris, Warboys
Pterostichus cupreus, L. — generally distributed ; versicolor, Stm. — Chatteris
madidus, F.— Chatteris, Warboys; vulgaris, L.— Chatteris, Holwoods; anthra
cinus, HI.— Mepal, Wood Walton; nigrita,¥. — Mepal; gracilis, Dej. — Chatteris
Horseway ; minor, Gyll. — Chatteris, Holwoods, Madingley, Warboys ; strenuus
Pz. — Chatteris, Mepal, Holwoods, Wood Walton ; diligens, Stm. - Chatteris
Wimblington,Madingley , Wood Walton ; picimanus, Dufts. — Chatteris,Mepal ; in-
sequalis, Marsh. — Warboys ; vernalis,l?z. — Chatteris, Mepal ; striola, F. — Warboys
Amaria a.pricaria, Pk. — Chatteris, Warboys ; aidica, Pz. — Chatteris ; rufocincta,
Dej. — Chatteris, Wood Walton; hifrons, Gyll. {livida, F.) — Chatteris, Horseway ;
oraia, F. — generally distributed; similata, GyW. — Holwoods, Chatteris ; acumi-
nata, Pk. — Chatteris, old record; tibialis, Pk.* — Chatteris; faniiliaris, Dufts. —

1013.] • 249

generally distributed ; lucida, Dufts. — Chatteris ; trivialis, Gryll. — Chatteris,
Holwoods, Mepal ; communis, Pz. — Chatteris, Hoi woods, Mepal, Warboys ;
pleheia, Gyll. — Chatteris, old record. Calathus cisteloides, Pz. — Chatteris ;
flavipes, Fourc. — Holwoods, Warboys ; melanocephalns, L. — g-enorally dis-
tributed. Anchomenus dorsalis, Miill.- — generally distributed; ohlongus, F. —
Chatteris, Wood Walton; livens, Gyll. — Holwoods, Doddington ; parumpunc-
tatus, F. — Chatteris ; viduus, Pz.— Chatteris, Mepal, Wood Walton ; micans,
Nic* — Chatteris ; fuliginosus, Pz. — Chatteris, Holwoods, Wood Walton; puellus,
Dej. — Horseway. Bemhidiiim ohtusum, Stni.— Chatteris, Doddington, Madingley.
gidtula, F. — Chatteris, Mepal, Wood Walton ; mannerheimi, Sahib. ^ Chatteris ;
higuttatum, F. — Chatteris, Mepal, Holwoods; riparium, 01.* — Mepal; mneum,
Germ. — Chatteris, Mepal, Holwoods; fumigatum, Diifts.* — Wood Walton;
assimile, Gyll. — Wood Walton ; gilvipes, Stm. — Chatteris, Mepal ; lampros,
Hbst.- Chatteris, Holwoods, Warboys; nigricorne,Gj\\. — Chatteris; Jiitidulum,
Marsh. —Warboys ; 4-niacit Jahtm, L. — Chatteris ; flammulatum, Clairv. — Chattei'is.
Tachypus flavipes, L.* — Chatteris Acre Fen. Trechus micros, Hbst. — Mepal ;
minutus, F. — generally distributed ; ohtusus, Er. — Chatteris Acre Fen. Deme-
trias monostigma, Sam. {unipunctatus, Germ.) — Wood Walton ; atricapillus,
L. — generally distributed. Dromius Zinearis, 01. — generally distributed ; meri-
dionalis, Dej. — Chatteris ; agilis, F. — Chatteris ; A=-maculatus, L. — generally
distributed ; A^-notatus, Pz. — Chatteris ; melanocepJialus, Dej. — generally dis-
tributed. Blechrus maurus, Stm. — generally distribvited. Metahletus trunca-
tellus, L. — Chatteris, Holwoods ; ohscuroguttatiis, Dvifts. — Chatteris. Brachinus
crepitans, L. — Warboys.

Haliplid^.

Haliplus ohliquus, F.— Chatteris Turf Fen, Holwoods, Horseway ; immacu-
latus* — Holwoods ; flavicollis, Stm. — Holwoods, Horseway ; variegatus, Stm. —
Horseway ; ruficollis, De G. — Holwoods, Wimblington..

Dytiscid^.

Noterus sparsus. Marsh. — Chatteris ; clavicornis,'De G. — Horseway. Lacco-
pliilus interruptus, Pz. — Chatteris Acre Fen, Txirf Fen, Wimblington ; ohscurus,
Pz. — Chatteris Acre Fen. i/i/p%drusoi;aitts, L. — Holwoods. Ccelamhus versicolor,
Schall.*— Chatteris; insequalis, F.— Holwoods, Horseway. Deronectes assimilis,
Pk.— Holwoods ; (ie2)ressws, F.— Chatteris Turf Fen; l2-pushilatus, F.* — Wim-
blington. Hydroporus pictus, F. — Holwoods, Acre Fen; granularis, L.* — Hol-
woods; lepidus, 01.*— Horseway ; /i,aZensis,F. — Holwoods, Wimblington, Warboys;
dorsalis, F. — Holwoods, Chatteris ; lineatus,F.— Holwoods, Horseway; tristis, Pk.
— Chatteris Acre Fen ; ftngus^a^iis, Stm. — Chatteris Acre Fen, Horseway ; palus-
tris, L. — Holwoods, Chatteris Acre Fen, Horseway ; incognitus, Shp.* — Chatteris
Acre Fen; erythrocephalus, Jj. — Holwoods; «iewmonMts, Nic. — Chatteris ; nigrita,
F. — Chatteris ; planus, F. — Holwoods, Acre Fen ; lituratus, F.*—Cha,ttevis Acre
Fen ; ohsoletus, Aub. — Chatteris, old record. Agabus paludosus, F. — Holwoods ;
uliginosus, h. — Wimblington; unguicularis, Th. — Chatteris, Acre Fen ; didymus,
01. — Holwoods ; nehulosus, Forst. — Chatteris Turf Fen, Mepal ; femoralis, Pk. —
Wimblington ; ahhreviatus, F. — Chatteris, Holwoods ; sturmi, Gyll. — Chatteris,

250 [November,

Hohvoods; chalconotus, Pz. — Mepal, Wimblington ; hipustulatus, L., and var.
solieri, Aiib.— Chatteris, Mepal, Holwoods. Ilyhius fuliginosus, F. — Chattevis,
Holwoods; ater, De G. — Chattoi'is, Holwoods ; ofcscttrus. Marsh. — Chatteris, Hol-
woods, Wimblington ; guttiger, Gryll. — Chippenham; penescens, Th. — Holwoods.
Copelatus agilis, F. — Holwoods, Chatteris. Rhantus grapii, Gyll. — Chatteris,
Wimblington ; exoletus, Forst. — Wimblington, Cohjmbetesfuscus,Jj. — Chatteris,
Holwoods, Wimblington. Dytiscus pimctulatus, F., marginalis, L., and circum-
cinctus, Ahr. — Chatteris, Holwoods; dimidiatus, Berg.— Chatteris, Wicken ;
Hydaticus transversalis, Berg., and seminiger, De G. —Wimblington.

Hydrophilidjc.

Hydrohiusftiscipes, L. — Chatteris, Holwoods, Philhydrustestaceus, L., and mari-
<wms,Th. — Chatteris, Horseway ; 7dgricans, Zett. -Chatteris; coar ct at us, Grsd. —
Horseway. Cymhiodyta ovalis, Th. — Chatteris, Horseway ; Anacsena globulus, Pk.
— Chatteris ; limhata, F. — Holwoods ; bipiistulatus, Steph. — Chatteris Acre Fen.
Uelochares lividus, Forst. — Holwoods; punctatus, Shp. — Horseway. Laccobius
sinuatus. Mots.— Chatteris Tiorf Fen, Holwoods; aJM<aceMs,Th. — Chatteris Acre
Fen, Holwoods, Earith; mi7iutus, L. — Chatteris, Mepal, Holwoods, Earith ; punc-
tatus, F. — Horseway, Holwoods, Earith; ytenensis, Shp. — Holwoods. Berosus
luridus, L., and affinis, Brul. — Chatteris, Holwoods, Horseway, Mepal. Lim-
nebius papposxis, MiUs. — Chatteris Turf Fen, Holwoods. Helophorus rugosus, 01.,
and nuhilus, F. — Chatteris, Holwoods ; aquaticus, Th. — Chatteris, Mepal,
Holwoods ; xneipennis, Th. — Chatteris ; affi,nis, Marsh. — Chatteris, Mepal,
Holwoods, Horseway ; brevipalpis, Bed. — Chatteris. Hydrochus elongatus,
Schal. — Chatteris, Mepal, Holwoods ; carinatus, Germ. — Horseway. Ochthebius
pygmseus, F. — Chatteris. Sphseridium scarabxoides, L. — Holwoods; bipustu-
latuniy F. — Chatteris, Acre Fen. Cercyon hxmorrhous, Gyll. — Chatteris ; hxmorr-
hoidalis, F. — generally distributed; obsoletus, Gyll. — Chatteris; flavipes, F.,
and lateralis, Marsh. — Chatteris, Holwoods ; melanocephalus, L. — Chatteris,
Holwoods ; unipunctus, L., and quisquilius, L. — Chatteris, Holwoods; pygmxus,
HI. — Chatteris; analis, Pk. — Chatteris; lugubris, Pk. — Chatteris, Holwoods;
mimitus, Pk. — Chatteris, Holwoods. Megasternum boletophagum. Marsh. —
Chatteris. Cryptopleuruin atomariuin, 01. — Chatteris, Doddington, Warboys.

{To be co7itinued).

A NEW SCOPARIA FEOM NEW ZEALAND.
BY G. V. HUDSON, F.E.S.

ScOPARIA GALACTALIS, 11. Sp.

The expansion of the wings is | inch. The forewings are creamy-white
with blackish-brown markings ; there is a small basal patch on the costa and an
irregular spot below it ; the first line is strongly concave towards the base, very
broad on the costa, with a faint brown shading towai'ds the termen and dorsum ;

1913.] 25 L

there is an elong-ate mark on the costa near the middle ; the second line is very
distinct, slightly wavy, ol)lique, with a rounded projection towards the termen
above the middle ; there are four large pale In-own spots on the terminal area,
the two lower spots being confluent ; the cilia are cream-coloured with a double
series of brown bars. The liind-wings are greyish-ochreous with faint lunule
and terminal shading.

I discovered this species in Jauuary, 1906, amongst the large
chimps of As'pidriiui aculeatum which constitute such a conspicuous
feature in the Eouteburn Valley at the head of Lake Wakatipu. It
has recently been rediscovered by Mr. Phil pott, who found it in some
numbers on the Takitimu Mountains, Southland, at elevations between
2,000 and 3,000 feet above the sea- level. This makes the 88th distinct
species of Scoparia known in New Zealand.

Hillview, Karori,

Wellington, New Zealand :
September 9th, 1913.

A NEW SPECIES OF P8TLL0PSIS, F. Loew, FEOM BRITAIN.
BY JAMBS EDWARDS, F.E.S.

PSYLLOPSIS DISTINGUENDA, Sp. nOV.

Very similar to P. fraxini, L., but a little larger-, the black band on the
elytra broader, its inner edge regular and sharply defined. Forceps, in the
lateral aspect, in the form of an irregular triangle attached by the apex, the free
angles rounded and somewhat inflexed, their inner surface, as well as the
space between them, roughened with black tubercles ; on the middle of the inner
side there is a \vide submembi-anous wing which is subequal in width from the
base to the middle, where it forms a large triangular tooth, and from thence
upward it rapidly becomes lost in the substance of the organ.

I am indebted to Mr. Champion for the opportunity to describe
this interesting insect ; he took five examples on June 21st, 1913, in
the New Forest, together with several Metatropis rufescens, by sweeping
Circxa lutetiana and other low plants, but did not notice any ash trees in
the immediate vicinity. The latter circumstance is noteworthy because
there is reason to believe that all the species of PsyUopsis feed on some
kind of ash : Fraxinus excelsior and other species of ash are the food-
plants of P. fraxini, L., and P.fraxinicola, Foerst., the only species of
which the early stages are at present known ; P. meliphila, Loew, was
found by Then at Lees, in Krain, on Fraxinus, and Eeuter thought
that his specimens of P. discrepans, Flor, from Ispois, near Abo, were
found on Fraxinus.

252

I November,

In P. fraxini the forceps iii the lateral aspect are in the form of
an irregular triangle attached by the apex, the free angles are rounded
and inflexed, on the inner side the front one has some long hairs and
the hinder one a few black spinose teeth ; on the basal half of the inner
side near the middle there is a feeble simple ridge. Psyllojisis meliphila
is an entirely pale species like P. fraxinicQla ; the forceps, in the lateral
aspect, are about half as high as the genital plate, the hinder edge is
feebly convex and tlie front edge is produced into a large rounded lobe :
P. discrepans is a strongly marked insect closely resembling P. fraxini
and P. distinguenda, but is readily known by the form of the forceps,
which, in the lateral aspect, have the appearance of a parallelogram
supported by a very short and thin stalk.

a. Psyllopsis distinguenda, elytron.

b. ditto cephalad aspect of male

genital segment (diagrammatic).

c. Psyllopsis fraxini, ditto

Colesborne, Cheltenham :

October lUh, 1913

1913]. 253

A NOTE CONCERNING CERTAIN GASES OF STYLOPISATION.
BY THE REV. F. D. MOUICE, M.A., F.E.S.

There seem to be so few definite records of " stylopisation " in
Palaearctic Fossorial Hymenoptera, or Palsearctic Bees, belonging to
other genera than Andretm and Halicfus, that I think it may be worth
while to enumerate a few cases which have come under my personal
observation. Unfortunately I have only the very slightest acquaint-
ance with the " characters," &c., of Strepsiptera, so that I can name
neither the species nor even the genera of the parasites here to be
recorded, but only of the victims which I have seen infested by them.

Commencing with the Fossors :—

(1) In Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 99, I have mentioned a
stylopised $ of TachysjjJiex maeulicornis, E. Saund., taken at Biskra
by Mr. Eaton, and now in the S. Kensington Museum. I learnt after-
wards from Mr. W. Dwight Pierce, author of a very important recent
" Revision " of the Strepsiptera (Smiths. Inst., Btill. 66, Washington,
1909), that the genus TacJiysphex had not been previously recorded
among those liable to stylopisation.

(2) I have sent to Mr. Pierce a specimen, taken by myself, but
where exactly I cannot at the moment remember, of Stizus distin-
guendns, Handl., ? , infested by a Strepsipteron. There are a few
records of stylopisation in the genus Stizus, but not, I believe, in this
species, nor in the group of Stizus to which it belongs.

(3) I have now before me two stylopised c? c? of Ammophila —
the one (a Psammophila) tydei, Guill., the other (an Ammophila sensu
stricto) Jieydeni, Dahlb. In both cases the Strepsipterous parasites are
very large, and their presence produces a quite hideous disfigurement
of the victim's abdomen. The tydei contains three of these creatures,
two under the 4th abd. segment and one under the 5th. In the Jieydeni
only one Strepsipteron is present, but it is sufiicient to distort the
appearance of its host in a really ghastly fashion !

The only Bees I can at present mention in this connection are :—

(1) A ? of Panurgus cavannte, Grib., which I took at Jericho in

April, 1899 ; and

(2) A c? of the same species which I found in the same place

just ten years later (April 7th, 1909).

In both these cases the parasite is imbedded under the 4th abd.
segment of the host. The ^ has only one of them, the ? has two,

254 [November,

but in neither case is any considerable distortion of the abdomen to
be noticed.

Mr. Pierce, whose work will in future be indispensable to any one
interesting himself in this subject, gives a veiy full list of the previously
recorded occurrence of Strepsipterous parasites in various groups of
Hymenoptera , and also in insects belonging to other orders. Most of
his records are of exotic or American (not Palsearctic) insects, but I
extract from them such as refer to species of Bees and Fossors
occurring in our own Region.

Of Fossors (Palagarctic spp.) he enumerates the following : —

(1) Parasjihex alhisedns, Lep., and viduatus, Christ.

(2) Sj.^hex (= Amnwphila, Kirby and authors) holosericea, F.,

sabulosa, L., and fydei, Guill.

(3) SfizKs sp. ? (Stizomor2)hus group) and peregrinus, Sm.

(Bembecinus group) ;

and of Paltearctic Bees, apart from Halidus and Andrena (besides
Biareolina neglecta, which I cannot consider distinct generically from
Andrena) the following : —

(1) Prosojns hipunctata, F.(=si<jnata, Pz.) — gihba, S. S. Saund.

ridjicola, S. S. Saund. — and variegata " Saunders " (^sic,
but Fabricius is the author of this species).

(2) Halictoides sp. ? (Innsl)ruclv).

(8) Melitui-ga SY>.? (Hiuigary).

There can be little doubt that the above List will be largely
increased if the subject be ever taken up seriously by European
specialists.

Brmiswick, Woking' :

October 21st, 1913.

Insects caught by an Orchid. — While I was at Pont de I'Arche in Normandy
this summer, I was greatly pleased at findin<^ numerous examples of that great
rarity in Britain, Orchis hircinu, L. (the Lizard Orchis). On examining a
specimen for botanical jjurposes, 1 found a species of Halictus (kindly determined
for nie by the Rev. F. D. Moi'ice as H. ijuadrinotatus, Kirb.) firmly caught by
the head by the sticky disc of the pollinia; it was quite unaVile to withdraw the
latter and seemed already much exhausted by its efforts. On my pulling it out
of the flower, of coiu-se the pollinia came with it. Fiu-ther search resulted in
the finding of a small black ant, Tapinoma erraticum, Latr. (also named by

1913.] 255

Mr. Morice) caught in the same way, btit ah-eady dead. This orchid is evidently
intended to be visited by large and strong insects— the form of the landing-stage
formed by the labellum also suggests this — and wo have here an interesting
ilUistration of the fate that may await unwelcome visitors to a highly specialised
flower. Of course, in this case the plant is not in any way benefited by their
retention and death, in fact the reverse is the case. — H. G. Champion, New
College, Oxford : October 19th, 1913.

The range of Phosphuga suhrotundata, Steph.—It is many years since I
ventured to express the belief that this beetle, which at that time was considered
to be a varietal form of Sil^yha {Phosphuga) atrata, L., was in fact a perfectly
distinct species. In Ireland, as all who have collected there know, P. subrotun-
data is a generally common species, and I have myself taken it from the Hill of
Howth to Westport, and from Killarney to Dundalk. . With other Coleopterists
I had almost arrived at the conclusion that here at any rate we had an insect
really peculiar to Ireland and to Man, and one that assumedly had arrived at
specific differentiation within these Islands, and consequently since Pleistocene
times.

I have, however, now been compelled to finally abandon this assumption.
For some time I have possessed a specimen of P. subrotundata taken in Orkney,
and I have just seen twomoi'e in the collection of Dr. W. J. Fordham of Bubwith,
captured in Islay as recently as July last, all three specimens being as perfectly
characteristic as any taken in Ireland.

Canon Fowler (Col. Brit. Isl., Vol. Ill, p. 53) quotes, but only to dismiss as
probably erroneous, a record by Eeitter of this Silpha from Scotland, and in the
second part of the " Supplement " (Additional localities, &c.) the authors make
themselves responsible for the statement that S. subrotundata " is confined to
Ireland and the Isle of Man," but I have now little doubt but that the record
of Reitter was quite authentic, and that the range of this beetle in reality
closely approximates to that of Carabus clathratus, L. It still remains, however,
apparently peculiar to these Islands, and a member of the " Celtic " element in
our fauna— for to judge by its obtrusive habits (I have picked up half a dozen
in traversing half a mile of road in Co. Clare) and general abundance wherever
it is found, it seems improbable that it would have remained unnoticed had it
really occurred elsewhere in northern Europe. — W. E. Sharp, Charterlea, Crow-
thorne, Berks: October ISth, 1913.

Coleoptera at Grange-over-Sands. — While waiting for a train at Grange in
Morecambe Bay last June, I picked up a few beetles on mudbanks, among which
two species are worth recording, viz.: — Blcdius atricapillus. Germ., and
Polydrusus chrysomela, 01., as being apparently new to Lancashire, neither being
mentioned in Mr. W. E. Sharp's Lancashire and Cheshire list published in 1908.
I saw but one specimen of the weevil, but the Bledius was abv^ndant. —
F. H. DAT, Carlisle : September 2Uh, 1913.

25(5 [November,

0»i various Bledii recently added to the British, List. — The following notes
by M. Bondroit [Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., LVII, pp. 297, 298 (Oct. 1913)] on
certain JBJedw recently added to our list by Dr. Sharp (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1911,
1913) will interest British Coleopterists : — B. rampi, Bondr. (1907) =^ B. tere-
brans, Schiodte (1866). The latter name is rejected on account of Schiodtc's
description having been written in Danisli I B. defensus, Fauv. (1870) =^ B.
gulielmi, Sharp (1913). The type of the latter has been examined by M. Bon-
droit, but he does not state whether he has seen that of Fauvel. B. Isetior,
Rey (1877) = B./rodicornis, Payk. M. Bondroit states that these two forms
cannot be maintained as distinct. According to him the large dark examples
generally have the hind angles of the prothorax )nore roimded than the
smaller individuals with reddish elytra, but this character is said to be in-
constant and of no specific value. B. diota, Schiodte (1866). M. Bondroit is
of opinion that this insect is not synonymous with B. hinnulus, Er., as suggested
by Dr. Sharp. He says that the latter may be known by its smaller size, more
convex prothorax, longer elytra, &c. He gives as localities for B. diota,
Denmark, Great Britain, France, Italy, Algeria, and Tunisia. B. hinnulus was
from Russia. — G. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking : October Uth, 1913.

Rhizophagus oblongocollis. Blotch and Horner : synonymical note. — In a
paper on the synonymy of various species of Rhizophagus, M. A. Mequignon
(Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1913, p. 3-43) states that R. oblongocollis, Blatch and Horner
[Ent. Mo. Mag., XXVIII, p. 303 (1892)], from England, = B. simplex, Reitter
[Wien. ent. Zeit., Ill, p. 271 (1884)], the type of which was from Japan. The
latter is now in the collection of M. Grouvelle in Paris. — G. C. Champion.

Coleoptera from British Honduras. — My friend Mr. A. E. Gibbs, of St. Albans,
has recently handed over to me for determination various interesting Coleoptera
received from his correspondent Dr. F. C. Davis, of Belize. Tliere is nothing
new amongst these insects, nevertheless a number of the species have not
been noticed from British Honduras in the " Biologia," and are therefore worth
recording. The additions are marked with an asterisk.

CAKABiDiE : Pasimachus rotundipennis, Clievr.*

Lamellicornia : Mecaspis {Antichira) hicida, Oliv.; Pelidnota pnnctulata.
Bates; Anoinala bimacrilata, Bl.* ; Dyscinctus Iwvipuuctatus, Bates; Gxjmnetis
chevrolati, G. and P.* ; Cotinis pulverulentus, Burm. ; Euphoria yucateca. Bates* :
all from Cayo.

Passalid^ : Ptichopus angulatus. Perch.*

BupBESTiDJi : Euchroma goliath, Cast., Csiyo ; Chariesthes auronota.ta, Saund.

Elatkrid^ : Pyrophorus pellucens, Esch. ; Chalcolepidius rugatus, Cand. .-
both from Cayo.

Tenebrionid.^: Nautes chrijsomeloidcs, Champ., Cnyo; Strongylium auratum.
Cast., Castihi.

if.13.] 257

CuRCULiONiD,ffi : Hilipus circuli/erus, Champ. ; Compstts sp.? *

LoNQicoRNiA : Lagochirus araneiformis, L., Cayo ; Pleuromenus haccifer.
Bates* ; Distenia pilatei, Chevr.,* Cayo ; Trachyderes elegans, Dup.*

These insects have been presented to the British Miiseiim by Mr. Gibbs. —

G. C. Champion.

Cordylomera suturalis, Chevr. (introduced) in Yorkshire. — Apropos of
Mr. Champion's note on this Longicorn beetle (Ent. Mo. Mag., March, 1913), I
have recently seen two specimens of it in Middlesbrough Museum. They are
both stated to have been imported in " mahogany " from West Africa, and one is
shown in sit-A in a boring in the wood. This latter was found in a wood yard
at Middlesbrough, and the other was taken in 1906 in a timber yard at
North Ormesby.— Wm. J. Pordham, The Villa, Bubwith, Selby, Yorks. :
October IQth, 1913.

Cryptorrhynchus lapathi, L., in Aberdeenshire.— ^o far as I am aware
C. lapathi has never been recorded from the Aberdeen district. In March last I
came across the frass of this beetle on some willows (8. purpurea) growing on
the banks of the Eiver Dee a few miles from Aberdeen. In April I obtained
the weevil still head down in its pupating chamber. It was of a rosy pink
colour. In August I secured a number of its larvse, and in September I obtained
both pupffi and imagines. Scheidter, writing in the " Naturwissenschaftliche
Zeitschrift fur Forst u. Landwii-tschaft " for April, 1913, states that his
researches show two types of generation, a one year and a two year generation.
He also states that in higher altitiides and colder districts the weevil, pupated
in August, remains throughout the winter in its p\xpal chamber.

My own observations agree with his. In this district the generation is a
on > year generation. Thus in March I have found the weevil still in its pupal
chamber and again throughout Aixgust and September, and also now in October
I have found it in its larval gallery.

That these examples collected in September and October are truly adult and
only awaiting the advent of spring before issuing from their pupal chambers is
shown by the fact that, if removed from them by splitting open their galleries,
they will commence feeding on shoots of willow or other trees if supplied with
them. I have examined a few of such weevils, and in the females the ovaries
are stUl undeveloped —James W. Munro, 391, Great Western Road, Aberdeen,
N.B. : October 10th, 1913.

Magdalis carbonaria, L., in Morayshire. — In a recent number of the
" Ent. Mo. Mag.," Prof. T. Hudson Beare mentions M. carbonaria from Grantown.

In March of this year I had sent me for identification a number of the
leading shoots of Scots Pine, which were being gnawed and tunnelled by a
legless soft-bodied Coleopterous larva. This I considered might be M. carbo7iaria.
In May the larvse sent me pupated and so far confirmed my view, but they never

258 [November,

emerged. However, I secured frosh material and olitained a specimen of the
weevil in August. My correspondent, Mr. Watt, Assistant Forester on Darnaway
Estate, writes that a twelve year old plantation of Scots Pine, along the left
bank of the Findhorn, has suffered from the attacks of this weevil, the broken
leaders of the pines testifying to the damage done, which is considerable.
Aftected shoots show an irregular spiral gnawed in the tender bark, and finally
the burrow in the heart of the twig. Except for the spiral groove the frass is
very similar to that of Myetophilus piniperda. — James W. Munro.

Rhaqium hifasciatum. P., attacking hirch, S(c — In April of this year I foimd
the larva, pupa, and imago of R. hifasciatum living in decaying sti\mps of birch
on the banks of the North Esk in Forfarshire. The trees had been destroyed
by the fungus, Pohjporus betulinus. Almost every stem of birch was infested,
while a few scattered Scots Pine stems in the condition usually associated witli
the presence of Rhagium showed no signs of its presence. I have also found
R. hifasciatum larvjB in birch in Perthshire. In the neighboiirhood of Aberdeen
this Longicorn beetle does considerable damage to paling posts which have not
been creosoted or tarred. On a little frequented track in the neighbourhood of
the suburbs of Cidts and Bieldside, the paling posts on either side of the road
have been riddled by R. hifasciatum. Larch, pine, and spruce posts are equally
affected. Posts which have been in iise three or four years only are attacked ;
fresh or recently erected fences are untoviched. In the same neighbol^rhood
Trypodendron lineatum also occurs on paling posts and rails, which when split
show its curious galleries. — James W. Munro.

Rhahdophaga alhipennis, Houard, in Aberdeenshire. — Two species of willow,
S. caprea and S. anrita, in this district are the hosts of what I take to be the
gall-midge, R. alhipennis. Young tAvigs of these willows may show a slight
swelling, so slight as to be almost unnoticeable, in the heart of which an orange
Cecidomyid larva is found. The larva lies just under the cambial layer.
Occasionally one finds twigs torn by tits, which evidently feed on the larva.
So far I have not succeeded in hatching out the midge itself. Prof. Trail, of
Aberdeen University, informs me that this gall has not been recorded for the
district. It is not easily noticed although fairly common. During the past
summer I collected numbers of them in the neighbourhood of Tharandt in
Saxony. The gall and its enclosed larva accord in all respects with R. alhipennis,
Houard, Zoo-cccidies, No. S. 32, page 138. — James W. Munro.

.4 new British Nycterihiid. — I have received diu'ing the last few years some
examples of Listropoda hlasii (identified by Dr. Speiser) taken from Daubenton's
Bat and Natterer's Bat. The specimens in qviestion were taken at Henley-on-
Thaines, Teddington, Middlesex, Christchurch, and near Bai-nsley, Yorks. —
N, Charles Kothschild, Arundel Hoiise, Kensington Palace Gardens, W.

19 13. J 259

Mesopliylax imxninctatus, ^c, in Perthshire. — The occurrence of Mesoiihylax
impunctatus, McLach., at Lawers, Loch Tay, Perthshire, may be worthy of
mention. A fine fresh example ( <? ) settled on my wife's dress while she was
resting on the shore of the Loch in the bright svmshine on July 26th. The
members of the group to which this species belongs are essentially nocturnal in
their flighty but like some other night-flying insects they seem at times to find
their quarters vmcomfortable in hot weather and take wing. A <? Stenophylax
stellatus, another night-flying species, was taken the same day under exactly
similar circumstances. I do not remember any record of the capture of
Mesophylax impunctatus in Britain since my note in Ent. Mo. Mag., XL,
pp. 52-53. The British localities are Dumfries-shire (1 $), Coniston (3 ? ? ),
Perthshire (as above), and Unst in the Shetlands. — Kenneth J. Morton,
13, Blackford Eoad, Edinburgh : October 1st, 1913.

Distribution of Agraylea pallidula, McLach. — With reference to Mi". Eaton's
note (p. 230, antea) on the interesting capture in Berkshire of Agraylea palli-
dula, McLach., of which Mr. Mosely kindly told me, it may be well at once to
supplement the somewhat incomplete account of its European distribution. In
addition to the coiantries mentioned, it has been recorded from several localities
in Germany, and it is also well known as a Finnish insect. As an unrecorded
locality I may mention Lyons, from which I have a specimen taken by Mr. Eaton
himself ' An element of interest attaches to the fact that its occurrence in I'in-
land was first established by the discovery of the larvae and pupae. In i^ locality
in which Agraylea multipunctata, Curt., occurs, Silfvenius found larvce and pupa3
which differed from those of A. multipunctata. Some of the piipse were sub-
mitted to me, and as they were nearly ripe for change, there was no difficulty
in recognising them as belonging to A. pallidula. Silfvenius adds that younger
pupae can be determined from the larval exuviae remaining in the case, the head
and thorax of the larva being marked differently from those of A. multipunctata.
The cases of the two species are much alike. A description of the larva and
l^upa will be foimd in Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 26, No. 6,
pp. 11-12 (1904). — Kenneth J. Morton.

Cephenomyia i-ufibarhis in Inverness-shire. — Whilst collecting this svimmer <
with my friend Mr. J. E. Black, F.L.S., on Meal-na-Cuaich (3,000 feet), one of
the highest hills in the neighbourliood of Dalwhinnie, on July 1st I took three
specimens of Cephenomyia rvjibarbis. As I have been led to believe that it is
unusual to see this insect at all commonly on the wing, the record of its
capture may be of interest. In 1900 Colonel Yerbury recorded it from the
Western Cau'ngorms (Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, Vol. XI, p. 56) [March, 1900], and
the few observations I was able to make agree with his. On Cviaich, 0. riiji,barbis
was flying fairly rapidly over the trees on the upper slopes of the hill (2,500-
3,000 ft.). It was not noticed at rest, but on turning over a stone one flew
from under it. Two others hovered round my head for some time before they
were secured in the net Altogether about ten specimens were seen. In flight
they make a low droning noise. — H. B. Johnston, Gonville and Cains College,
Cambridge: October llth, 1913.

2G0 [November,

Dccticus verrucivorus, Linn., Forficula lesnei, Finot, and Apterygida alhi-
pennis, Meg., in East Kent. — Fi'om September 12th to 22nd last, I spent at
Folkestone, in company with Mr. T. A. Lofthouse, of Middlesbrough. My
own special object was to take the three Orthoptera : Decticus verrucivorus,
Apterygida albipennis, and Forficula lesnei. The very first tap on low plants
in the Folkestone Warren, the morning after our arrival, showed several
F. lesnei in the umbrella, and we speedily found that the species was very
abundant, the common F. auricularia being quite a rarity among them, though
we afterwards found that tlie common species was equally abxindant in the
evenings on our sugared posts higher up in the Warren, a few lesnei occurring
among them. In the afternoon of the same day (the 13th), thanks to Dr. Malcolm
Burr, who kindly motored us over to Stonehall, near Dover, I was able to take
both the other species, but unfortunately the Decticus was rare. A. albipeimis,
too, was not much in evidence that day, but on a visit to the same spot in the
following week I found it in profusion by beating nettles over an lunbrella
about Stonehall Farm. Common grasslioppers were plentiful : Stenobothrus
virididus, S. bicolor, S. parallelus, all very vai'iable, with S. li^ieatus now and
again. Olynthoscelis cinercus was chirping continually in the low bushes, both
at Stonehall and in the Warren at Folkestone. Of Lepidoptera, Colias edusa
was plentiful, as in so many other places this year (it reached Yorkshire) ; and
Lycsena adonis was in good force, some fine underside varieties being taken by
Mr. Lofthouse and other collectors who were working for them at the time.
I confess, however, that for myself, I could not raise sufficient enthusiasm to
examine lumdreds of specimens for the s.ake of these vars. ! Sugar was tried
on three occasions only, twice in the Warren, and once near the Woods, but
moths were not plentiful at it, and nothing of special note was taken. —
Geo. T. Porkitt, Elm Lea, Daltou, Huddersfield : October 10th, 1913.

%tview,

" Report and Transactions of the Cardiff Naturalists' Society."
Vol. XLV. 1912 Cardiff : printed for the Society by William Lewis, Duke
Street. 1913.

The annual Report of this flourishing local Society, besides much matter
of interest to Naturalists in general, contains (pp. 41-58) the first part of a list
of the Coleoptcra of Glamorgan (to the end of the Philhydrida) comjjiled ))y our
esteemed correspondent Mr. J. R. le B. Tomlin, M.A., F.E.S., whose name is a
guarantee of its acciu'acy and thoroughness. The records of Dillwyn, the Rev.
A. C. F. Kuper, and other early Coleopterists, including those of the venerable
Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, who in his yovith collected beetles in South
Glamorgan, are herein collated with the extensive captures and records made
by the compiler in more recent years, and the productiveness of this picturesque
and varied county in this Order of Insects is fully shown in that part of the
list which has so far appeared. Particulars of locality and habitat, &c., of the
species dealt with are given in brief but suilicient detail, and it is of special

1S.13.] 26L

interest to note that the extremely local Nehria coniplanata, which is perhaps
more abundant on the Glamorganshire coast than in any other part of our
Islands, was described in 1792 under the name of Carahus arenarms (in
ija^norance of the prior description bj^ Linne) by Fabricitis from specimens sent
to him by Sir Joseph Banks, who informed Dillwyn that these specimens were
" collected by himself while walking along the shore from Swansea to Briton
FeiTy " where the beetle is to be found in abundance at the present day. It is
a matter for some regret that this excellent local list appears in a publication
that is issued only at yearly intervals. Under the heading of " Entomological
Notes" (pp. 106-109), Mr. H. M. Hallet, F.E.S., records some interesting
captures of Hymenoptera Aculeata, as well as several additions to the Glamorgan
records of these insects.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, September 11th, 1913. — Mr. A. E. Tonge, President, in the Chair.

Mr. Ashdown exhibited the imago of H^Jles euphorbise bred from a larva
taken at Aigle, Switzerland. Mr. Turner, a larva of Mamestra pisi from New
Cross, feeding on Michaelmas Daisy. Mr. Sheldon, a collection of Heterocera
taken in the Arctic areas of Norway and Sweden in 1911-12. Of the 18 species
shown, 10 are to be found in the British Fauna. Species like Phisia hochen-
warthii, Anthroccra extdans v. vanadis, Psodos coracina (trepidaria), etc., found
in the high Alps occurred there near sea level. Mr. West (Greenwich), examples
of the wasps Vespa germanira, V. sylvestris, and V. vulgaris to show the specific
characters. Mr. Curwen, a series of Loweia alci^jhron var. gordius from Iselbe
showing much variation in intensity of ground colour, and a short series of
L. amphidamas from Caux, hear Montreux. Mr. Step, specimens of Vespa
germanica and V. vulgaris to show the diiference in the appearance of the face.
Mr. Carr, the large spider Epeira quadrata from Crockham Hill on heather, and
reported Asphalia diluta common at sugar, Noctua glareosa common, and Agrotis
agathina fairly common. Mr. Sich reported Carpiocapsa pomonella as abundant.
Mr. Tonge reported larvae of Nonagria typhm at Deal to be extensively parasitized
this season. Mr. Smith reported Phryxus livornica as occurring for the third
year in succession at the Lizard, and also specimens of Leucania vitellina ;
Agrotis lunigera was taken in some numbers in the same locality.

Thursday, September 25th, 1913. — The President in the Chair.

Exhibition of lantern slides by Members as follows : —

Mr. C. B. Williams, an adult t? Embiid bred from a larva from Algeria,
Mr. Main, details of the life-history of the larch sawfly, and gave an account of
its habits at the diiferent stages. Mr. Step, a photograph of Epeira quadrata,
the spider taken by Mr. Carr at Crockham Hill. Mr. Lucas, specimens of the
local grasshopper, Gomphocerus rufus, from Bookham Common, and a bred

262 [November,

female. Mr. C. V,. ■VVilliain.,, a piece of bark sliowinj,' the; silky tunnels made by
the Embiid larva, from Algeria. Mr. Newman, Igriades coridon from Herts,
includino- ab. seviisyngrapha, and a ? specimen with asymmetrical wings, the
smaller pair dusted with blue. Mr. Curwen, Brenthis euphrosyne from several
localities, those from the higher Alps being mostly large and light in colour,
instead of dark and small as usually stated. Mr. Moore, the aberration of
Rumicia phlseas captured during the recent field meeting at Worms Heath ; the
upper and underside of the forewings had much enlarged spots. = ab. magni-
puncta, Tutt. Mr West (Greenwich), a series of the Coleopteron, Dame rtijl-
frons, taken from the fungus I'ecently exhibited by Mr. Edwards, and a short
series of Cassida vittata. Several members reported that Golias edusa had been
seen in numbers at various places : Box Hill, Margate, Folkestone, &c., and
that C. hyale had been taken. —Ht. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, October 1st, 1913. —
Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

Herr Wilhelm Junk, Gl, Sachsische-strasse, Berlin, W. 15, was elected a
Fellow of the Society.

Mr. H. F. Bartlett exlnbited a specimen of Haplothorax hurcheUii found
under a stone on the lower part of Flagstaff Hill, St. Helena, on March 2oth,
1913. Mr. ¥. A. Buxton, larval and imaginal Emhiidx (sp. as yet undetermined)
from various localities in Tunis and Algeria, and from the coast to south of the
Atlas Mountains. Mr. E. E. Green, a Drilid (?) beetle from Ambaliingoda,
Ceylon, with remarkable elongate spatulate mandibular and maxillary palpi,
Mr. W. J. Lucas, on behalf of Mr. G. T. Lyle, some silk woiuid from a Braconid
cocoon, together with specimens of the cocoons thcunselves. Mr. C. B. Williams,
specimens of the cocoons of the three British Coniopterygids. Dr. F. A. Dixey,
several boxes of Lepidoptera in illustration of the geogi-aphical relations of
Mimicry. Mr. W. J. Lucas, on behalf of Dr. Buii', specimens of Diestranimena
marmorata, de Haan, a Stenopelmatid Locustid from Japan, which occurs alive
in Relf's Nursery at St. Leonards. Mr. H. Rowland-Brown, an example of
Araschnia levana, sent him by Mr. T. Butt Ekins of Penarth, who said that he
had captured it at the end of May this year on the outskirts of the Forest of
Dean. Comm. J. J. Walker, a ? Colias edusa, F., tak€>n by liunself in the Isle
of Shcppey, August 21st, 1913, in which the margins of the hind-wings were
almost entirely clear golden yelhjAv. Also a specimen of an i\jnerican Syntomid
moth, a Ceramidia near C. chloroplegia, Druce, found alive in a fruiterer's shop
in North Oxford, and evidently just emerged fi'om the pvipa. Also the following
Coleoptera : — (1) A short series of the very rare Halticid beetle Psylliodes
cyanoptera, 111., taken in June, 1913, at Wood Walton Fen, Hunts, on Sisymbrimn
Sophia, liy Mr. W. Holland. (2) A specimen of Coccinella 10-punctata, L., var.
conjluens. Haw., taken n the Isle of Sheppey, June, 1912, and another very
curious aberiatiou of the same beetle with golden yellow spots. (3) The very
rare <? of MaM/iodes a<omus, Thoms., from Wytham Park, June litli, 1913. (4) A
monstrosity of Ualiplus confinis, Steph., with three pei'fectly developed tarsi on

1913.] 263

the right-hind leg, from Wood Walton Fen, Mr. Dadd, a collection of Cato-
calidie. Mr. Diirrant, in behalf of Mrs. W. C. Boyd, a series of specimens of
British Lepidoptera of great historical interest, which she is presenting to the
British Miiseiim. Mr. H. O. Holford, a specimen of Ccenomjmpha jmmphilus of
abnormally large size, and a ? of Ematurga aionia?-ra, almost withoiat markings.
Mr. D. Pearson, a drawer of butterflies taken this summer in the Tyrol.

The following papers were read: — "Illustrations of Specific Differences in
the Saws of Female Dolerids," by Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.E.S. " Additions
and Corrections to my List of the Bhopalocera of Trinidad (1904)," by
W. J. Kaye, F.E.S. " On the Urticating Propex-ties of Porthesia similis," by
H. Eltringham, M.A., F.E.S. — Geo. Wheeler, Hon. Secretary.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF MELANOTHRIPS (THYSANOPTEEA)
FEOM TUNISIA.

BY RICHARD S. BAGNALL, F.L.S.

{Hope Department of Zoology, University Museum, Oxford.)

Melanothrips nigricornis, sp. n.

This species is so closely related to M.fuscu.'< (Sulz.) that a separate
description is unnecessary. It is of a deeper brownish-black colour
and has the antennae uuicolorous in both sexes. The colour of the
fore-wings is also slightly darker than in fuse us and is continued to
the extreme base.

The antennae are more slender and the basal two-thirds of the
outer margin of the third joint is distinctly sinuate; joint 4 is
distinctly longer than either 3 or 6 in the (^ as well as in the ? ,
and 8 is not so noticeably shorter than 7 or 9 as iafuscns.

The spines on head, prothorax, wing-veins and tibia, are darker,
apparently stronger, and more noticeable than in fuscus, and the hind
tibia in both sexes is without the outstanding hairs on the outer
margin near base, seen in fusciis.

Tijije : Hope Collections, University Museum, Oxford.

Hah. : Both sexes taken by Mr. P. A. Buxton in the flowers of a
Convolvulus (? C. tricolor) at Djebel Achkel, N.E. Tunisia, 27-iii-1913.
I detected this form in a collection submitted by Mr. Buxton to
Mr. C. B. Williams, who has kindly made preparations of both sexes
and allowed me to describe the species.

The follomng is a table of the known living species : —
1. Fore-wings with two broad white cross-bands, an- *

tennal joints 2 — 4 light yellow... M. ficalbii, Buffa — Italy (Buffa),

England (R.S.B.)*

264 [November, 1913.

Fore-wings obsciirely brown or yellowish-brown
without cross-bands 2

2. Antenna^ darker and slightly more slender ; joint 3
concolorons with others, basal two-thirds of outer
margin sinuate ; joint 4 distinctly longer than 3
or 6 in both sexes, and 8 a little shorter than 7 or
9. Fore-wings nnicolorons to extreme base. Hind
tibiae without outstanding haii's on outer margin
near apex M. nigricornis, sp. nov. — Tunis.

Antennae not so black ; joint 3 yellow, outer margin

not incurved ; joints 3, 4 and 6 in ,^ practically

svxbequal, and 8 in both sexes veiy noticeably

shorter than 7 or 9. Fore-wing lighter in colour

near extreme base. Hind tibiae (in 9 ^t least)

with two long outstanding hairs on the outer

margin near apex in addition to the usual short

spines M. /kscms (Sulz.)— Europe,

Tunis.
October 20th, 1913.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF BRITISH
THYSANOPTERA (TUBULIFERA) .

BT RICHARD S. BAGNALL, F.L.S.

{Hope Department of Zoology, University Museum, Oxford.)

In the following notes I have pleasure in describing four new and
interesting species of Tuhnlifera. Two of these fall into the genus
Hoplandrothrips — a genus separated from Phlwothrips, s. str., by the
presence in the male of two small teeth at the tip of the foi-e-feinur
within, and — usually — a similar tooth near the base of the fore-tibiae
within. Representatives are known from Europe, North America, and
Africa.

Haplothrips obscuripennis, $2). n.

? . Length, 1'4 to 1'6 mm.

Comes nearest to H. juncoruni, Bagn., and H. aculeatus (Fabr.).
Colour very deep brownish-black, as in juncorum ; fore-tibia yellowish,
shaded with dark grey-bro%vn basally and along the iipper and lower margins ;
intermediate and hind tibial lighter at extreme tips ; all tarsi yellowish.
Antennae with third joint yellowish, shaded with grey apically, 4 and 5 grey-
brown with basal third at least, yellow, somewhat sharply defined; 6 to 8
darker grey-brown, the sixth with basal fourth yellowish.

Head abovit 1'6 times as long as the prothorax and 1-15 times as long as
broad. Cheeks slightly arched. Postocxilar bristles long. Mouth-cone not

Journ. Econ. BioL, viii, Sept., 1913.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS.

James H. Keys, from Morwell, Freedom Villas, Lipson Road, Plymouth,
to 7, Whimple Street, Plymouth.

Capt. J. J. Jacobs, R.E., F.E.S., /ro>» LaCasa, Belsham Manor Road, Thornton
Heath, Surrey, to " Framsden," Tring, Herts.

A. E. .J. Caetee, from Royal Bank House, Blairgowrie, to The Retreat,
Monifieth, Forfarshire.

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CONTENTS. PAGE

Notes on Lepidoptera from Gibraltar and the surrounding country {concluded).

— Capt. J. ,7. Jacobs, R.E. (refd.), M.I.Mech.E., F.E.S 241

The Life-History of a new Family (MicrotnaUhidaei of beetles. — Herbert S.

Barber '. 243

Coleoptera in Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonsliire. — H. Fortescue Fryer,

F.E.S 246

A new Scoparia from New Zealand. — G. T. Hud.ton, F.E.S 250

A new species of Psyllopsis, F. Loew, from Britain. — Jamen Edwards, F.E.S. 251
A note concerning certain cases of Stvlopisation. — Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A ,

F.E S ' 253

Insects caught bv an Orcliid. — H. G. Champion, B. A 254

The range of Phosphuga subrotundala, Steph.— W^. E. Sharp, F.E.S. 255

Coleoptera at Grange-over-Sands — F. H. Day, F E.S 255

On various Bledii recently added to the British List. — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S. 256

Ehizophagus oblongocoUis, Blatch and Horner ; synonymical note. — Id... ... 256

Coleoptera from British Honduras. - Id 256

Cordylomera suturalis, Chevr. (introduced) in Yorkshire. — W. J. Fordham ... 257

CrT]itorrhynchus lapathi, L., in Aberdeenshire.- James W. Munro, B.Sc 257

Magdalis carbonaria, L., in Morayshire. — Id 257

Rhagium bifasciatum, ¥., attacking birch, &c. — Id 258

Rhabdophaga albipennis, Houard, in Aberdeenshire. — Id 258

A new British Nycteribiid. — Hon. N. Chaile-i Roth-u-hild, 31. A., F.L.S 258

Mesophylax impunctatus, &c , in Perthsliire. — Kenneth J. Morton, F.E.S 259

Distribution of Agraylea pallidula, McLach. — Id 25!>

Cephenomyia rufibarbis in Inverness-shire. — H. B. John.^lon 259

Decticus verrucivorus, Linn., Forficula lesnei, F'inot, and Apterygida albipennis,

Meg., in East Kent.— Geo. T. Porritt, F.L.S 26Q

Eeview. — "Report and Transactions of the Cardiff Naturalists' Society,"

Vol. XLV, 1912 260

Societies. — South London Entomological Society 261

Entomological Society of London 262

On a new species of Melanothrips (Thysanoptera) from Tunisia.—^. S. Bagnall,

F.L.S 2ti3

Descriptions of some new species of British Thysanoptera (Tubulifera) — Id 264

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December, 1913.] 265

as long as broad at base, reaching half-way across prosternixm ; maxillary palpi
long. Antennae 1'6 times as long as the head ; relative length of joints approxi-
mately.—8 : 15 : 16 : 16-5 : 16 : 15 : 14 : 11.

Prothorax strongly transverse, 2'25 times as broad across hind angles as
long; pi'othoracic setfE long, especially the pair at posterior angles, pointed.
Pterothorax slightly broader than prothorax, longer than broad. Wings light
greyish-brown, cilia dark ; fore-wing more markedly obscured from commence-
ment of the marginal ciliation to beyond the middle ; dark patch at base.
Hind margin of fore-wing with 3-9 cilia duplicated near apex. Fore-tarsus
with a minute tooth. Abdomen long, a little broader than the ptei-othorax.
Tube about O'G times the length of head, twice as long as broad at base, gently
narrowed apically with a slight and gradual constriction just before apex ;
apical bristles not quite as long as tube, dark basally but lighter apically.
Lateral abdominal bristles yellow ; moderately long, especially those on
segments 7 to 9.

S . Prothorax a little longer than in the 9 , and fore-legs slightly incrassato
with each fore-tarsus fvirnished with a distinct tooth.

This species is separated from both juncorum and aculeatus by the colora-
tion of the antennae, the clouded fore-wings, the relatively longer prothoracic
setae, and the shorter and more transverse prothorax. Prom juncorum it further
differs in its smaller size, the shorter head and relatively longer antennae, and
from aculeatus by its deeper coloration. Its habitat, too, is of a different
character.

Type : In Hope Collections, University Museum, Oxford.

Hah. : Amongst dead branches, old pea and bean-sticks, &c.
Several examples of both sexes at Hogley bog, near Cowley (Oxon) ;
one $ at Balsall Common, Warvpickshire, September, 1913. Also a
single $ by general sweeping, near Enslow Bridge (Oxon), 21.ix.l3.
Both Mr. A. H. Hamm and Mr. Willoughby Ellis have assisted me in
securing further examples after my discovery of the species.

Haplothrips cephalotes, sp. n.

Length abovxt 1'2 mm.

General colour as in R. aculeatus, head deep blackish-brown ; antennae with
3rd joint yellowish-brown, and the 4th and 5th a lighter grey-brown (or yellow-
ish-grey-brown) than the following ; wings clear.

Head about 1-6 times as long as the prothorax, and I'l times as long as
broad behind eyes. Cheeks gently rounded and converging strongly posteriorly,
minutely spinose ; vertex raised in form of hump with the anterior ocellus at
apex, facing forwards. Eyes rather prominent, coarsely facetted ; post-oc\ilar
bristles only moderately long Posterior ocelli almost touching inner margins of
eyes on a line drawn below their anterior third. Antennas set below vertex,
about 1-5 times as long as the head ; joint 3 distinctly shorter than 4, and

Y

2(JQ [December,

narrower than 2, 4, and 5 ; 4 longer and broader than any of the others.
Eehxtive lenj?ths of joints, approximately : — 18 : 2G : 26 : 31 : 29 : 27 : 24 : 15.
Mouth-cone not quite reachinj^ across prostei-nuni.

Prothorax ahoiit twice as broad as long-, setaj almost as in ohscuripennis.
Fore tarsus slightly incrassate and armed with a short stout tooth in J . Tooth
minute in $ .

Tube about 0'65 times as long as the head, and neai'ly 2'5 times as long as
broad at base ; terminal bristles 1'2 times as long as the tube, dark. Lateral
abdominal sot» as in ohscuripennis ; yellow.

Ill type of coloration this species closely resembles H. acnleatvs
though the head is usually noticeably darker than the rest of the body.
It is sharply distinguished from acideatus by its smaller size, the
noticeably small 3rd and the broad 4th antennal joints, and the
distinctly converging head. In the latter respect and in the
small third antennal joint, as well as in its small size, cephalotes
resembles the Japanese H. nryzfe (Matsumura), from which it may be
readily distinguished by the coloration of the antennse, the smaller
2nd antennal joint, and the longer head compared to the length of
the prothorax.*

Type : In Hope Collections, University Museum, Oxford.

Hnh. : Several in sedge stacks, Weston-on-the-Grreen, August

and September, 1913.

{To be conch(ded).

COLEOPTERA IN CAMBRIDGESHIEE AND HUNTINGDONSHIRE.

BY H. FORTESCUE FRYER, F.E.S.
(Contimied from p. 250).

Staphylinid^.

Aleochara fuscipes, F. — Holwoods, Warboys ; tristis, Gr.* — Chatteris; lanu-
ginosa, Gr. — Chatteris Acre Fen, Holwoods, Warboys ; villosa, Mann., succicola,
Th., and nitida, Gr.* — Chatteris. Microglossa suturalis. Sahib., and pulla,
Gyll.* — Chatteris ; nidicola, Fairm.*— Holwoods ; gentilis, Mark. — Chatteris,
Holwoods. Oxypoda annularis, Sahib.* — Doddington. Drusilla canalicu-
lata, F. — Mepal, Wai-boys. Homalota gregaria, Er. — Chatteris, Holwoods,
Warboys ; hygrotopora, Kr. — Chatteris ; volans, Scriba, and vicina, Steph. —
Chatteris ; graminicola, Gr. — Chatteris, Holwoods, Earith ; dehilis, Er. —
Chatteris ; circellaris, Gr.— Holwoods (mole's nest) ; analis, Gr.— Chatteris ;
(Jepressa, Gyll. — Chatteris, Warboys; hepatica, Er. — Chatteris; aquatica, Th.,*
and euryjytera, Steph.* — Holwoods ; trinotata, Kr., and triangulum, Kr. —

* //. eeplialotis also approaches IT. riramhuii, Hood, from which it is at once separated bj- its
size, coloration of anteiinie, mucli shorter and more strongly transverse )irothorax, and the long
prothoracic .seta;. The head, too, is more noticeably conveigent posteriorly than in i/fdmini".

1913.] 267

Chatteris, Hoi woods ; fungicola, Th., nigricornis, Th., sericea. Mills., nigra, Kr.,
germana, Shp., and atratnentaria, Gyll.* — Chatteris ; longicornis, Gr., and
laticollis, Steph.— Chatteris, Holwoods ; fungi, Gr.— Chatteris, Holwoods,
Doddiugton ; orphana, Er.* — Holwoods. Gnypeta labilis, Er. — Holwoods.
Falagria sulcata, Pk.,* and obscura, Gr.*— Chatteris. Encephalus complicans,
Westw. — Doddington. Hypocyptus longicornis, Pk.— Doddington. Conosoma
littoreum, L., and pubescens, Gr.- — Chatteris. Tachyporus obtusus, L., and solutus,
Er. — Chatteris ; paUidus, Shp, — Chatteris, Holwoods; chrysomelinus, L. —
Holwoods ; humerosus, Er. — Doddington ; tersus, Er. — Holwoods ; hypnorum,
F. — generally distributed ; pusiHiis, Gr.— Holwoods; brunneus, P.- — Chatteris,
Holwoods. Tachinus rufipes, De G. — generally distributed; subterraneus, L,,
and laticollis, Gr. — Chatteris. Bolitobivs lunulatus, L.* — Chatteris ; trinotatus,
Er. — Warboys ; exoletus,Er. — Chatteris. Mycetoporus lepidus, Gr.* — Chatteris;
splendidus, Gr. — Chatteris, Holwoods. Heterothops prsevia, Er. — Chatteris ;
dissimilis, Gr. - Chatteris, Holwoods ; quadripunctula, Gr. — Mepal, Doddington.
Quedius microps, Gr., and ventralis, Ahr. — Chatteris ; mesomelinus, Marsh. —
Chatteris, Doddington ; talparum, Deville - Chatteris, Holwoods, Wood Walton ;
breyicornis, Th.- Chatteris; cruentus, 01. — Chatteris, Holwoods; cinc^us, Pk. —
Chatteris, Holwoods, Doddington ; fuliginosus, Gr. — Chatteris, Doddington ;
tristis, Gr. — Chatteris, Holwoods ; molochinus, Gr. — Chatteris; picipes, Mann. —
Chatteris, Doddington; fumatus, Steph. — Madingley ; maurorufus, Gr., and
obliteratus, Er.— Chatteris, Doddington, Warboys ; scintillans, Gr. — Chatteris;
rufipes, Gr.— Chatteris, Mepal, Holwoods ; semise^ieus, Steph. — Chatteris,
Doddington ; boops, Gr.* — Holwoods. Creophilus maxillosus, L. — Chatteris,
Holwoods. Leistotrophusimirinus, L.*- Chatteris. Staphylinus stercorarius, 01. —
Newmarket. Ocypus olens,Mull. — Chatteris, Holwoods ; brunnipes, F.-Wicken;
cu,preus, Rossi, and ater, Gr.*- Chatteris ; morio, Gr. — Doddington, Warboys ;
compressus. Marsh.* — Doddington. Philonthus splendens, F. — Chatteris, Hol-
woods ; intermedins, Boisd. — Chatteris; laminatus, Creiitz. — Holwoods, Warboys ;
aeneics, Ross. — Chattevis ; proximus, Kr. — Chatteris, Holwoods, Warboys; car-
bonao-ius, Gyll.— Chatteris, Holwoods, Doddington, Cambridge; decor^is, Gr. —
Doddington; politus, F. — generally distributed; varius, Gyll.— Chatteris,
Doddington; marginatus, F. — Holwoods, Warboys; ^me^arius, Gr.— Chatteris,
Holwoods, Doddington, Warboys ; sordidus, Gr. — generally distributed ; fuscus,
Gr. — Chatteris, Holwoods; debilis, Gr.* — Chatteris ; sanguinolentus, Gr. —
Chatteris Acre Fen ; cruentatus, Gmel. — Chatteris ; longicornis, Steph. —
Chatteris, Warboys; varians, Pk.— Holwoods ; ventralis, Gr.*— Chatteris ;
fumarius, Gr.* — Wood Walton. Gabrius trossulus, Nordm. — Holwoods, Dod-
dington. Xantholinus glabratus, Gr.— Chatteris, Doddington, Holwoods ;
puncttUatus Pk. — Chatteris, Mepal, Holwoods ; ochraceus, Gyll. —Chatteris,
Holwoods; glaber, Nordm. — Chatteris; tricolor, F* — Cambridge; linearis, 01. —
Chatteris, Holwoods, Mepal, Doddington ; longiventris, Heer — Chatteris, Hol-
woods. Leptacinus batychrus, Gyll. — Chatteris, Holwoods ; linearis, Gr. —
Chatteris, Holwoods, Mepal. Baptolimis alternans, Gr. — Holwoods.* Othius
fulvipennis, F. — Chatteris, Doddington ; Ixviusculus, Steph. — Chatteris ; melano-
cephalus, Gr. — Chatteris, Holwoods ; myrmecophilws, Kies. — Doddington. Lathro-
bium elongatum, L. — Chatteris, Holwoods, Doddington, Wax-boys ; boreale,

Y 2

268 December,

Hoch. - Chatteris ; fulvipenne, Gr. — Chatteris, Warboys ; hrunnij>es, F.—
Chatteris, Doddington ; Zonj/tthMH, Gr. — Mepal, Holwoods; nndti'punctum,G[V.* —
Chatteris. Ache.nium humile, Nic. — Mepal, Holwoods. Stilicus riifipes. Germ. —
Chatteris, Holwoods, Doddington, Warboys ; similis, Er.* — Chatteris ; affinis,
Er.— Chattex'is, Holwoods. Medon propinquus, Bris.— Chatteris, Holwoods;
melanocephalus, ¥. — Chatteris, Holwoods, Warboys. Sunius ang^istatus, Pk. —
Chatteris, Doddington ; Psederus littoralis, Gr. — Chatteris; riparms, L. — Wood
Walton. Stenus bimaculatus, Gy 11. — Chatteris, Wood Walton ; juno, ¥.* —
Chatteris ; ater, Mann. — Chatteris Acre Fen, Horseway, Warboys ; speculator,
Lac.^generally distribiited ; 2"'oi"ic?MS, Er.,* buplithalmus, Gr.,* melanopiis.
Marsh., atvat^dus, Er.,* pusill\is, Er., exigims, Er.,* declaratus, Er., crassus,
Steph. var. littoralis, Th., and argus, Gr.— Chatteris ; hrunnipes, Steph.— •
Chatteris, Holwoods, Doddington ; ossium, Steph. — Chatteris, Holwoods ; im-
pressus. Germ. — Doddington, Wood Wtvlton ; jnillipes, Gr. — Doddington, Wai'-
boys ; Jiavipes, Steph.— Arrington, Chippenham, Wood Walton ; pulescens,
Stejih. — Chatteris, Holwoods, Horseway ; binotatus, Ljungh — Chatteris Turf
Fen, Holwoods, Wimblington ; bifoveolatus, Gyll. — Chatteris, Holwoods ; picipes,
Steph. — Doddington; foveicollis, Kr.*— Chatteris ; ricituleloides, Gr. — Chatteris
Acre Fen, St. Ives; similis, Hbst. — Chatteris, Holwoods; tarsalis, Ljungh —
Chatteris ; latifrons, Er. — Chatteris, Holwoods. Oxyporus rufus, L.* — Melbourn.
Platystethus arenarius, Fourc,,* cornxdxLs, Gr., capito, Heer,* and nodifrons,
Sahib.* — Chatteris. Oxytelus rugosus,V. — generally distributed ; i?isecaius, Gr.,*
and scwZpf us, Gr. — Chatteris ; laqueatus,'M.&Y&\\. — Chatteris, Cambridge ; piceiis,
L., Holwoods, Mepal; inustus, Gr. — Chatteris; sculpturatus, Gr. — Chatteris,
Holwoods ; complanatus, Er.*— Chatteris ; tetracarinatus. Block — Chatteris,
Chippenham. Haploderus cselatiis, Gr.— Holwoods. Coprophilus striatulus, F* —
Chatteris. Lesteva sicida, Er. — Wimblington. Olophrxim piceum, Gyll. — War-
boys. Lathrimieum atrocephalxmi, Gyll.— Chatteris, Holwoods, Warboys;
iinicolor, Steph. - Chatteris, Doddington. Homaliwni rividare, Pk. — generally
distributed ; allardi, Fairm. — Chatteris, Holwoods ; excavatum, Steph. —
Chatteris; rufipes, Fouvc, vile, Er., iopterum, Steph., and concinnwui, Marsli. —
Chatteris, Holwoods. Anthobium minutum, F. — Chatteris, Wood Walton.
Proteinus oi'aJis, Steph. — generally disti'ibuted ; macropterus, Gyll.* — Chatteris.
Megartlirus denticollis, Beck,* affiiiis, Miill.,* and depressHs, Pk.* — Chatteris.
Phlwobiiim clypeainm, Miill. — Chatteris, Holwoods.

{To be continued).

THRYPTICUS NIGRICAUDA, A NEW SPECIES: AND NOTES ON A
FEW OTHER DOLICHOPODID.E FROM HEREFORDSHIRE.

BY JOHN H. WOOD, M.B.

Thrypticiis nigricauda, sp. n. It may be rather rash to introduce
a new Thryptictis, but there are in this case so many good characters
tliat I feel it quite safe to do so, and have named it after one of its
chief characteristics, the large and black end piece of the male hypo-
pygium. Six males and three females were taken at the deeper end of

1913.] 269

Moccas Pool on July 22inl, 1912. At the time tliey were tliouglit to
be Verrall's Isetus, on account of the dark colour of the thoracic
bristles and the black hypopygium. But when Mr. Collin visited me
early in last Aut^'ust, and we swept the true leetus at the opposite and
shallower end of the pool, I was al)le to compare the two forms, and
to see how thoroughly distinct they were. There is also, I learn,
a damaged male in Verrall's collection, taken at Ormesby Broad
(Norfolk), as far back as June 22nd, 1881, and which he had separated
out as a distinct species, but had refi'ained from introducing, when
dealing with Thrypticus in his last " Hundred New Species," from the
scantiness of the material.

S ? . Bright green. Dorso-central and acrostichal bristles dusky (darker
in some specimens than in others), the other thoracic bristles yellow. Face
blue ; arista very long (longer than in any Thrypticus I know), slender and
pointed. Veins 3 and 4 parallel and not divergent at the margin ; the part
of vein .5 on the inner side of the X-vein distinctly longer than that on the
outer side (in Isetus the proportions are reversed). Legs black, the tibiae browner
and the knees yellow. The end piece or lamellse of the hypopygium quite
black, very large and distinctly longer than the joint of the stalk above it ;
ovipositor testaceous, paler at the base, very long and, inclusive of the bulb at
base, as long as the last two abdominal segments. In Ixtus the end piece only
of the hypopygium is dark brown, and considerably shorter than the joint
above it ; whilst the ovipositor is short and black, and not longer with its bulb
than the last alidominal segment. The proportion between the joints of the
hypopygial stalk is also different in the two species. Measured along the
upper border they are of about equal length in Isettis, but in nigricauda the
basal joint is longer than the end one.

Argyra grata. This interesting species was met with again this
year in its original locality at Mordiford. A male and two females
were obtained on July 20th by sweeping the rocky l)ed of the little
Penteloe stream, where it runs hidden away under thick overhanging
bushes. It is the smallest of our British species, and is without a
trace on thorax or abdomen of the beautiful silvery hue, the usual
characteristic of the genus. Its chief distinction lies in the colouring
of the abdomen, the sides of which on segments 2, 3, and 4 are in
both sexes semi-transparent and yellow, segment 2 being almost
wholly yellow, and 3 and 4 in gradually diminishing degrees,

Achalrus cinereus. The habitat for this little-known species is a
bit of rough ground outside a small wet wood some two miles from
where I live. Here I came across it for the first time on August 15th,
1912, when sweeping the dense patches, 3 or 4 ft. high, of the big
Carex, C. riparia. From this date up to my last visit on October 19th,

270 [December,

I seldom went there without obtainiut^ one or more of the insect, and
this autumn it could again be taken in the locality. The sexes are
much alike, except in their antennae, those of the male being rather
long and pointed, and largely yellow, those of the female quite black,
short and oval. Previous captures seem invariably to have been asso-
ciated with the common reed, but the plant is plainly not essential, and
as a matter of fact it does not grow within miles of the Herefordsiiire
locality. The idea, too, that cinereus emerges in the winter is not
altogether right, rather it is an early autumnal species, holding
on through the winter into the spring.

Campsicnemus marginatus. On September 15th, 1913, I took on
the Monnow a female of this rare species, my three pi'evious captures
having been all males. Marginatus can be pretty easily recognised
when turned out of the cyanide bottle by the darkened X-vein and
darkened costal half, roughly speaking, of the wings. It is besides
absolutely dull on frons and thorax, with the face brilliantly white
and widely dilated in its lower half.

Porpliyrops nasuta. Of this rare species I took a single male on
the banks of the Wye at Fownhope, a few miles below Hereford, on
August 18th, 11)13.

Porphyrops frada. Until the capture of the example I'ecorded
above, a male of this sjDecies had represented nasuta in my collection.
It was taken on the Monnow as far back as July 13th, 1911. Like
the Scotch specimens taken by Col. Yerbuiy, the cubital vein is neither
bent nor broken. But a character that at once distinguishes it is the
thick fringe of long black postocmlar hairs which come curling forward
like whiskers and project some distance beyond the eyes.

Herefordshire is particularly rich in the genus Por])hyrops.
Besides the above, spinicoxa and crassipes are, of course, common, and
of general distribution. Nemoram is widely distributed, and can
hardly be called scarce ; micans is eqiially distributed, but less fre-
quently met with ; rivalis, riparia, and penicillata are all to be taken
on the shingly reaches of the Monnow, whilst antemiata and elegantula.
seem confined to the muddy reedy pools of Moccas and the Leech
Pool. Antennata has only been taken once, and that was at the Leech
Pool by Col. Yerbury. Elegantnla also occurs there, but is more
common at Moccas, where at tlie shallow end of the pool it may
often be swept throughout July and the early part of August.

Tarrington, Lodbury :

November (iih, ]913.

1913]. 271

THE ODONATA, TRICHOPTERA, NEUROPTERA AND PLECOPTERA
OF WOOD WALTON FEN, HUNTINGDONSHIEE.

BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.E.S.

Eecently the Hon. N. diaries Rotlischild very kindly gave ine a
large collection of Odonata, Trichoptera, and other Neuropteroid
insects, numbering several hundreds, taken during the past season in
Huntingdonshire on Wood Walton Fen, which is partly Mr. Roths-
child's property. As it is very seldom that one has the opportunity
of examining the results of the collecting of such insects in a re-
stricted locality over a long period (extending from April 22nd to
September lOtli), and as in the present case the date of capture of
3acli specimen has been carefully noted, it seems desirable to place
these results on record.

Although no actual rarity is included, the collection may be
regarded as giving a very good representation of the Neuropteroid fen
fauna. It will he seen that dragon-flies form the bulk of the
collection. They belong to 12 species and they comprise many teneral
specimens, which have been freely taken along with the others of more
mature age. The former, being less satisfactory for the cabinet, are
usually avoided, and in the present case they add no little interest as
they serve to show the continuous succession of fresh emergences
which goes on over a considerable period in certain species. No
attempt has been made to divide the teneral state into different
grades, some of the specimens being in the limp state of the newly
emerged imago, while others have attained a fairly firm condition.
What appears to be a fairly good dividing point is to be found in the
pterostigma and all specimens in which the mature coloration of that
mark has not begun to show have been treated as teneral : —

The species are as follows : —

Odonata.
Lestes spousa, Hansemann. — 1 (^,4 ? s.
June 30th, 1 9 (ten.). July 21st, 1 '? (ten.). July 2etli, 1 c? • July 28th
1 9 (ten.). August 5th, 1 ? (ten.).

Ischnnra elegaris, Vanderl. — 44 (^ s, 52 $ s.

May 28th, 2 S (ten.); 4 ? (2 ten.). May 29th, 1 J (ten.); 1 "? (ten.).
May 31st, 3 S (2 ten.) ; 2 ? . June 1st, 2 ^ (ten.) ; 3 ? (2 ten.). June 2nd,
5 <J (4 ten.); 8 ? (6 ten.). June 3rd, 3 <? (1 ten.) ; 3 ? (2 ten.). June -Ith,

1 (? ; 1 9 (ten.). June 5th, 2 ^ (ten.) ; 4 9 (ten.). June 8th, 1 9 • June
12th, 1 c? (ten.); 3 ? (ten.). June 13th, 2 3 (1 ten.). June 14th, 3 <? (2 ten.) ;

2 9 (ten.). June 15th, 1 ^ (Iten.). June 16th, 1 J ; 2 9 (Iten.). June 17th,

272 [December,

1 (? (1 ten.) ; 1 ? (ten.). Jime 18th, 3 9 (2 ten.). June 19th, ] ? (ten.).
June 21st, 4 <? (2 ten.) ; 3 ? (1 ten.). June 22nd, 2 S (ten.) ; 1 ? (ten.).
June 26th, 1 V' (ten.). June 27th, 1 J ; 1 ? . June 30th, 1 S (ten.); 1 ? (ten.).
July 2nd, 1 ? . Jvily 13th, 2 «? (ten.). July 14th, 1 9 (ten.). July 20th, 1 <?
(ten.) ; 1 9 . July 21st, 2 J ; 2 9 . July 2Gth, 1 <? . July 28th, 1 <? . August
9th, 1 (J (ten.) ; 1 9 .

Enallagma cyathujerutn, Charp. — 5 cJs, 4 $ s.

June 18th, 1 c? (ten.). June 21st, 1 J (ten.). June 26th, 1 J (ten.).
July 8th, 1 9 (ten.). July 12th, 1 ? (ten.). July 14th, 1 9 (ten.). July 21st,

1 (J. July 26th, 1 9. August 7th, 1 S (ten.).

Agrion pulcheUwn, Vanderl. — 39 (^ s, 38 ? s.

May 20th, 1 ^ (ten.). May 25th, 1 9 (ten.). May 26th, 1 9 (ten.). May
27th, 3 9 (ten.). May 28th, 13 ,? (8 ten.); 3 9 (Iten.). May 29th, 1 <? (ten.);
3 9 (1 ten.). May 31st, 5 9 (2 ten.). June 1st, 2 9 (1 ten.). June 2nd,

2 (J (1 ten.; ; 2 9 (1 ten.). June 3rd, 1 3 {I ten.) ; 3 9 • June 4th, 1 «? ; 2 9
(ten.). June 5th, 1 S (ten.); 1 9 (ten.). June 8th, 1 S- Jime 11th, 1 9
(ten.). June 12th, 2 <? (Iten.); 1 9 (ten.). June 14th, 2 <J (Iten.); 2 9 (1
ten,). June 17th, 1 J ; 1 9 . June 21st, 3 <? ; 1 9 . June 22nd, 3 <? ; 3 ? (1
ten.). June 26th, 1 9 • Jvily Hth, 1 9 • July 26th, 1 9 . July 30th, 1 J.

Agrion jmella, Liuue. - 37 (^s, 30 ? s.

May 23rd, 1 J (ten.). May 25th, 4 cj (3 ten.) ; 2 9 . May 26th, 1 J ; 1
9 (ten.). May 27th, 4 ^ (3 ten.) ; 1 9 (ten.). May 28th, 7 <J (2 ten.) ; 9 9.
May 29th, 3 c? ; 3 9 . May 30th, 1 9 • May 31st, 4 9 . June 1st, 1 ? (ten.).
June 2nd, 3 J (1 ten.) ; 2 9 . June 3rd, 8 J , 4 9 . June 11th, 1 S ■ June 14th,

3 <J . June 15th, 1 g . June 21st, 1 9 ; 1 J data lost. June 22nd, 1 c? •

Pyrrhosoma nymphula, Sulzer. — 13 (Js, 17 ? s.

May 14th, 2 J ; 4 9 . May 15th, 1 J . May 22nd, 1 9 . May 25th, 1 S ;
2 9 (1 ten.). May 26th, 1 9 (ten.). May 27th, 1 J ; 2 9 (1 ten.). May 28th,
1 ^ ; 2 9 . May 29th, 1 9 . May 30th, 1 9 . June 1st, 3 ,^ ; 1 9 . June 2nd,

1 (J ; 1 9 . June 3rd, 3 S ■ June 22nd, 1 9 .

Brachytron hafniense, Miiller. — 16 cJs, 1 ? .

May 27th, 1 <? . May 29th, 3 J . May 30th, 1 J . June 1st, 1 S ■ June
2nd, 4 (J ; 1 9 . June 3rd, 5 S . June 22nd, 1 c? •

JEschna cyanea, Miiller. — 6 (^s, 10 ? s.

July 12th, 2 <J (1 ten.). July 13th, 1 9 . July 26th, 1 9 • August 1st, 1
?. August 6th, 1 9. August 16th, 1 9. August 17th, 1 <? . August 19th,

2 c? • August 20th, 3 9 . August 31st, 1 9 . September 3rd, 1 9 . September
4th, 1 <? .

jEschna grandis, Linue. — 9 J' s, 3 9 s.

July 29th, 1 (? . August 8th, 1 S ■ August 19th, 1 9 . August 20tli, 2 (J ,
1? August 23rd, 1 c? . Aiigust26th, 2 tj . August 27th, 1 9 . August 29th,
2 ^.

1913.] 273

Libellula quadrimacuJafa, Liniie. — 5 ^Js, 2 ? s.

May 27th, 1 <? (ten.). June 3rd, 1 S- June 4th, 3 <? (ten.). Jvme 15th,
1 V . June 17th, 1 ? .

Sympeti'um striolatum, Charp. — 12 (;Js, 16 ? s.

June 12th, 1 ¥ (ten.). Jime 29th, 2 ? (ten.). July 6th, 1 c? (ten.). July
9th, 1 ? (ten.). July 14th, 1 V (ten.). July 23rd, 1 ? (ten.). July 25th, 1 ?
(ten.). Jiily30th, 1 <? (ten.). August 1st, 2 S (ten.). August 14th, 2 9 (Iten.).
August 20th, 1 ^" . August 27th, 2 J ; 1 ? . August 29th, 1 $ . September
3rd, 1 ^ ; 2 9 . September 4th, 1 <? . September 6th, 1 S ■ September 9th, 3
S . September 11th, 2 ? .

Sympetrum sanguinev.m, Miiller. — 4 (J s, 7 $ s,

June 26th, 1 9 (ton.). June 30th,l g (ten.). July 2nd, 1 S (ten.). July 11th,
1 ? (ten.). July 28th, 4 V (3 ten.). July 30th, 1 <? (1 ten.). August 28th, 1
cJ . August 29th, 1 9 .

Trichoptera.

Phryganea grandis, Linne, 1 ^ , June 2nd ; 1 J , July 29th.

Agrypnia pagetana, Curt., 2 (J , August 10th ; 2 <? , August 14th ; 1 J ,
August 28th.

Colpotaulius incisus, Curt., 1 (J, August 30th.

Grammotaulius nitidus, Miiller, 1 Ji June 28th; 1 J, July 13th ; 1 ?,
July 29th.

Grammotaulius atomarius, F., 1 <? , May 20th ; 1 9 , May 29th ; 1 9 • June 19th.

Limno2}hilus flavicornis, F., 1 9 > July 29th.

Limnophilus marmoratus, Curt., 1 (J , August 26th.

Limnophilug affi,nis, Curt., 2 ? , May 23rd ; 1 9 . May 27th ; 1 <? , June 18th ;
1 9 , July 7th ; 1 S, August 28th.

Stenophylax permistus, McL., 1 <? , September 10th.

Trisenodes hicolor. Curt., 1 9 , August 19th.

(Ecetis ochracea. Curt., 1 9 , Augvist 22nd.

(Ecetis lacustris, Pict., J ^ , August 3rd; 1 9 , August 19th.

Polycentropus fiavomaculatus, Pict., 1 ? , August 30th.

Holocentropus stagnalis, Albarda, 2 9 . May 2nd ; 1 S , May 4th ; 1 9
May 11th ; 1 9 , May l7th ; 1 3 , May 19th ; 1 9 , May 31st ; 1 c? , June 2nd.

Cyrnus flavidus, McL., 2 $ , August 14th — 22nd.

Neuroptera.

Sialis lutaria, Linne, 7 examples, April 22nd, 29th ; May 2nd, 3rd, 10th,
27th ; June 3rd.

Hcmerohius lutcscens, F., 2 $ , May 24th, Jixne 8th.

Hemerobius suhnebulosus, Steph., 2 ^ , Augvist 18th, 19th.

Chrysopaflava, Scop., 1, June 12th.

Chrysopa tenella, Schn., 1, Jiily 13th.

Chrysopa vnlgaris, Schn., 1, September 4th ; 1, September 7th.

Chrysopa phyllochro7na, Wasm., 1, June 30th.

Chrysopa perla, Linne, 3, May 24th ; 1, May 26th ; 1, June 2nd.

Panorpa commu^iis, Linne, 1 ^ , May 20th.

274 [December,

Plecoptera.
Nemoura variegata, Oliv., 1 (J, April 30tli ; 1 <? , May 10th; 1 ? , May 11th.

A few uotes on some of the species may be added. It is difficult
to explain the scanty number of Leftie.^ sponsa and Enallaynia cyathi-
ijerum. The Lestes is usually common where it occurs ; E. cyathigervm
is also rather common as a rule, although Ris points out (die
schweizerischen Libellen, 1885), that where it occurs along with
I. elegans and Agrion puella and imlchellum in Switzerland, it is
decidedly not so common as the others.

Of Isclinura elegans, six of the females belong to the orange form.
Pairs of this species were taken on Jime 16th and 27th.

In Agrion pnlchellum there are three males with the second
abdominal segment marked as in puella. Pairs occurred on June 2nd
and 21st.

Agrion puella. The most noteworthy variation in the ,^ is I'epre-
sented by three examples in which the lateral lines of the marking on
the 2nd abdominal segment are separated from the transverse line.
A pair captui'ed June 2nd.

Pyrrhosoma nymphula. Pairs, June 1st and 2nd.

Brachytron hafniense. The comparatively short period of flight
in this species is well known. It seems to last just about a month
as a rule.

. JEschna grandis. Eis {op. cit., p. 34) remarks that the females
of this species are decidedly more numerous than the nmles, but this
does not appear to be the case universally ; the males being represented
in the present collection in the proportion of 3 to 1 female. On the
other hand, in jE. cyanea, the females are strongly in the majority.

The comparative absence of mature specimens of Sympetruni
sanguinenm may be due to its rather active and wary habits.

Reference to the Odonata of Huntingdonshire will be found in
Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIII, pp. 275-8 (Morton), and in sundry notes in
the " Entomologist " for 1907 and the succeeding years, by Mr. F. W.
Campion and Mr. Herbert Campion.

Edinl)iu-^h :

November '2nd, 1913.

1913.] 275

Note on a recorded capture of Carabus cancellatus, III., in Britain. — Through
the kindness of Prof. Poiilton I am now enabled to answer the qiiestion asked
at p. 110, anted,. From the Trans. Ent. Soc. London for 1879, p. xlviii, I learned
that the collection of the Eev. W. Tylden had been acquired for the Hope
Collection at Oxford. I tlierefore wrote to the Hope Professor to ask if this
particular specimen was still included. He very kindly replied informing me
that it " is not to be found. The Tylden Collection is almost entirely of weevils.
It is true that there were a very few Carabidse, but we have not found the one
you name among them."— E. Gr. Batford, 2, Eockingham Street, Barnsley :
November 10th, 1913.

Atheta hybrida, Sharp, in Scotland.— Seven specimens of this insect (four
^ S and three ? ? ) were taken by me at sap on a tree in Dalmeny Park on
November 4th. As stated by Ganglljauer, the S has a short median keel at
the base of the 7th (5th visible) dorsal i^late. — M. Cameron, Royal Naval
Hospital, South Queensferry : November 8th, 1913.

Chrysomela fastuosa. Scop., in Devon. — This interesting addition to the
county list of Coleoptera was made by Alderman W. P. Hiern, Chairman of the
Botanic Section, Devonshire Association, in the parish of High Bray, N. Devon,
on September 13th. It occurred at an altitude of abovit 1,090 feet on Galeopsis
tetrahit, L. Only one example was seen. The specimen was given to Mr. C. W.
Bracken, B.A,, F.E.S., who has very kindly passed it on to me. — James H. Keys,
7, Whimple Street, Plymovith : November \2th, 1913.

A recent record of Eudecttis whitei, Sharp, from Inglehorough, Yorkshire. —
Mr. E. W. Morse, (The Naturalist, 1913, p. -iOl) records the capture of a
specimen of E. whitei on Inglehorough, on July 1st. It was found crawling
beneath an overhanging ledge of rock during a heavy shower. The type of
this species was figured in Ent. Mo. Mag., 1910, plate IV, figs. 2, 2a, and it
would be interesting to know whether the Yorkshire insect is in all respects
similar to the Scottish one, E. tvhitei having been sunk as a variety of
E. giraudi, Eedt., in the last European Catalogue. — G. C. Champion, Horsell,
Woking: November 15th, 1913.

Thinobius lo7igic6rnis, Joy : a correction. — I am indebted to Dr. E. Bei'groth
for pointing out to me that the name longicornis (ante, p. 156) has already been
used by G. J. Sahlberg for a Thinobius. I therefore projjose to give the name
T. macroceros to my species. Nokman H. Jot, Bradfield, Berks: November
lOth, 1913.

Xantholinus substrigosus, Joy: a correction — I hasten to correct a bad
mistake I made in my article on Xantholinus ochraceus and its allies {ante,
p. 224). Having my attention particularly drawn to the fine sculpturing in
X. scoticus, I noticed the differences in this character in two other forms before
me. I supposed that Coleopterists had not noticed the much more obvious

276 [December,

differences in the last joint of the maxiUary palpi in these two forms,* and
carefully described them, forgetting that it is on these differences that the genus
Leptacinus is separated from Xantholmus ! The species I described as X. siib-
strigosus is therefore nothing more than Leptacinus batychrus, Gyll. X. scoticus
I still regard as a good species. The very fine scvdptiiriug on the thorax in the
two genera Philonthus and Quedius is of great importance, and I believe always
speciiic. For instance, in Q. mesomelinus the fine strigose lines pass straight
across the middle of the thorax, whereas in Q. nigrocseruleus they are abruptly
bent at the middle line. The very closely allied species of the subgenus Raphinis
can be easily differentiated by a comparison of the fine sculptiiring of the head
and thorax. Of course it is possilile that a character like this may be only
varietal in another, even though fairly closely allied genus. — Norman H. Joy.

Vespa vulgaris in November. — Social wasps have been extremely abundant
this year in Suffolk, and the mild weather of the autiunn has caused them to
continue working well into November. All throvigh October they were to be
observed on the ivy blossom, and, on November 1st, workers of V. vulgaris were
constantly flying back and forth from their nest in an old willow stump in the
garden here in niunbers nearly, if not quite, as strong as in August. Smitli
mentions their hibernation in September. In the wasp plague year (1911) the
last was noted here on October 28th. — Claude Moblet, Monks Soham House,
Suffolk : November, 1913.

Alfred Bussel Wallace, O.M., B.C.L., F.B.S., the last survivor of the
illustrious band of pre-eminent English Naturalists of the nineteenth centux-y,
passed away peacefully, after a brief illness, on the morning of November 6th,
at the patriarchal age of nearly 91 years, he having been born at Usk,
Monmouthshire, on January 8th, 1828. In this place we can refer only to his
life-long connection \vith Entomological science. In 1845, when residing at
Leicester, we find him actively engaged in collecting beetles in company with
his afterwards famous colleague H. W. Bates, and in 1848 the two entom-
ologists set ovit on their meinoraVile exjiedition to the River Amazon. Wallace's
adventures and observations in this wonderful region, and the sad disaster
which befell him on the voyage home in 18o2, involving the total loss by fire of
his chief collections, are related in vivid and graphic manner in his earliest
book " Travels on the Amazon and Eio Negro." Two years later commenced
his sojourn of eight years (1854-1862) in the islands of the remote East, some
of whicli he was pi-obably the first Englishman to visit, as he was certainly the
first European to live alone on tlie mainland of New Guinea. The outcome of
his wanderings in this region was the addition to our knowledge of thousands
of new and often splendid forms of insect life (his collections including no
fewer than 109,700 specimens of insects alone), and tlie publication in 1869 of
the " Malay Archipelago," with one possible exception the most fascinating

* Tlic late iMr. V. do la Garde iiointed out to mo the very marked ditTeronces in rhe ]>aliu of
Ox'ipoda licidipi iiaU and 0. fittaia, differences which 1 believe had been quite overlooked.

1913.] 277

and suggestive book of Natural History travel that has ever been written. It
was from Teruate, one of these islands, that he sent to Charles Darwin in 1858
the famous essay which led to the immediate publication of the " Origin of
Species." On June 1st, 1863, soon after his return home, he was elected a
Fellow of the Entomological Society by acclamation and without a formal
liallot " as a slight recognition of the vast services rendered to Science by this
distinguished Entomologist, Zoologist, and traveller." In 1871 and 1872 he
occupied the Presidential chair of the Society, and his address at the close of his
first year of office is a valuable contribution to the literature of Geographical
Distribution ; while in his great work, pixlilished in 1878, on this department of
biological science— which may be regarded as his magnum opus — the distribu-
tion of certain gi*oups of Insects throughout the world forms a leading feature.
In the years immediately following his retixrn from the East, a number of
important papers from Mr. Wallace's pen on systematic and general Entomology,
some of which have been reproduced in " Tropical Nature and other Essays,"
appeared in various scientific periodicals. It is not necessary here to do more
than allude to his activities in other spheres of knowledge, and to the bestowal
on him of almost every honoiir in the gift of Science, culminating in the Order
of Merit conferred on him in 1908 by the late King Edward. Up to the very
last his astonishing mental and physical powers were maintained, and it is
only a few weeks ago that an important work, dealing with the social questions
in which he took so deep an interest, was issued from the Press. — J. J. W.

Herbert Dcitce. - This well-known collector and describer of Exotic Lepido-
ptera died on April 11th last. He was born in London on July 14th, 1846, and
was thus in his 67th year. From an early age he became interested in entom-
ology, and soon took up the study of exotic Lepidoptera, confining himself for
many years to the Rhopalocera, the Heterocera not attracting him till later.
The " Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London," and the " Annals and
Magazine of Natural History " over a long series of years, contain descriptions
of a vast ntimber of species from his pen ; but Druce's principal work was
Vols. I-III of the Heterocera of the " Biologia Centrali-Americana," commenced
in 1893 and finished in 1900. He was elected a Fellow of the Entomological
Society of London in 1867, of the Zoological in 1870, of the Linnean in 1872,
serving as Vice-President of the Linnean in 1902-3, and of the Zoological in
1904-6, and served on the Council of the Entomological in 1885 and 1892. His
last paper, perhaps, was a short one contribiited to the " Entomologist's Monthly
Magazine" in 1912. The first collection of Rhopalocera made by him was
acquired by the editors of the " Biologia" about 1880, and is now in the British
Museum. His second and much more extensive collection less the Lycxnidse
and Hesperiidse (which belonged to his son), has, since his death, passed into
the hands of Capt. Joicey, of Godalming. It is not often, perhaps, that the love
of entomology is inherited by the succeeding generation, but, fortunately this is
the case with Druce, his son Hamilton H. Druce, F.L.S., being, if anything,
a more devoted student of the subject than his father.

278 [December,

Br. Arnold Pagenstecher. — By the death of Dr. Arnold Pagenstccher, of
Wiesbaden, on June 11th last, Lepidopterology has lost a very prominent and
many-sided worker. Born at Dillenburg in 1837, Pagenstecher early showed a
love for the Lepidoptera, but it is diiring the last 30 years that his writings
have made him a name throughout the entomological world. That he by no
means neglected systematic entomology is evidenced by his revisions of the
Libytheidae and Callidulidm (in " Das Thierreich " and elsewhere), and in these
families he had amassed good collections, which are now in the Natural History
Museum of Wiesbaden ; but it was to faunistic work that he devoted most of his
attention. Tlie " Jahrbiicher des nassauischen Verein's f iir Naturkunde," which
for many years he edited, contained almost every year some more or less im-
portant contribution from his pen, including a valuable series of articles on the
Lepidoptera of the Malay Archipelago, which were also published separately. In
addition, he worked out several African collections, Semon's from Australia,
and even contributed to Eoemer and Schaudinn's " Faima Ai'ctica," and on
one occasion touched the fauna of tlie Antilles. This wideness of interest
and love of hard work culminated in the publication of a very iisefvd work —
though of necessity largely compilation — " Die geographische Verbreitung der
Schmetterlinge " (Jena, 1909).

In the medical profession also Dr. Pagenstecher had won distinction,
particularly as an ear specialist, and numerous scientific institutions liad
conferred upon him honorary distinctions or membership. — L. B. P.

Dr. Auguste Puton. — This prolific writer on Palsearctic Hemiptera died on
April Sth last, at Remiremont, France, after a brief illness, He was senior
Honorary Member of the Societe Entomologique de France, having joined that
Society in 1856. For some years before his death he appears to have abandoned
entomology, and ceased to coi-respond with his friends. His usefid " Catalogue
des Hemipter^s (Heteropteres, Cicadines et Psyllides)," the 4th edition of whicla
was published in 1899, was in the hands of all students of the order.

The Transactions of the 2nd International Congress of Entomology (form-
ing Vol. II of the Report of the Congress), Oxford, August, 1912, were issued
on October 14th, 1913. They form a ponderous volume of 489 pages and
thirty-two (III- XXXIV) uncoloured plates. The 38 papers, 21 of which are
contributed by Fellows of the Entomological Society of London, cover a great
variety of subjects, written in English, French, German or Spanish. The
papers are as follows, arranged under aiithors alphabetically: — (1) R. S. Bagnall
— A Synopsis of the Thysanopterous Family Molothripidx ; (2) H. A. Ballon—
Some Entomological Problems in the West Indies ; (3) J. F. van Bemmelen— On
the Pliylogenetic Significance of the Wing-Markings of Rhopalocera ; (4)
G. T. Bethune-Baker — Resolution of the Entomological Society of London ;
(5) E. L. Bouviei'— Le Stade " Natant " ou "Pixerulus" des Palimu-ides; (6)

1913.] 279

M. Burr and K. Jordan — On Arixenia, Burr, a Suborder of Derniapf.era ;
(7) P. P. Calvert — Progress in our Knowledge of tlie Odonata from 1895 to
1912 ; (8) G. H. Carpenter— The Presence of Maxillulw in Beetle Larvae ; (9)
T. A. Chapman — Some Experiments on the Eegeneration of the Legs of Liparis
dispar, L. ; (10) J. H. Comstock— The Silk of Spiders and its Uses; (11) W. C.
Ci-owley and H. Donisthorpe — The Founding of Colonies by Queen Ants ; (12)
J. Dewitz — Die Physiologie der Schildlingsfoi-chung ; (13) F. A. Dixey — On
the Scent-patches of the Pierinae ; (14) L Doucaster — Sex-limited Inheritance
in Insects; (15) J. M. Dusmet— Sobre algunas Anomalias en las Alas de los
Himenopteros ; (16) S. A. Forbes— The Simulium-Pellagra Problem in Illinois;

(17) E. E. Green — A Plea for the Centralization of Diagnostic Descriptions ;

(18) A. Handlirsch — tJber einioe Beziehimgen zwischen Palaeontologie, Geo-
graphischer Verbreitung iind Phylogenie der Insekten ; (19) W. Horn — Protest
gegen die Zulassung von Ausnahmen vom Prioritiitsgesetz ; (20) Die Fort-
schritte des neuen Coleopterorum - Catalogris von Junk-Schenkling ; (21)
Gr. Horvath — Etude Morphologique sur la Construction de I'Elytre des Cicadides ;
(22) K. Jordan - On Viviparity in Polyctenidse ; (23) C. Kerremans — Les Varietes
doivent-elles etre nomme'es ? ; (24) H. J. Kolbe — Die Differenzierung der
Zoogeographischen Elemente der Kontinente ; (25) Sir J. N. Moore -Recent
Work in Economic Entomology carried out in Western Australia; (26) E. P.
Navas— Algunos Organos de las Alas de los Insectos; (27) E.Olivier— Necessitede
I'Emploi du Latin pour les Descriptions ; (28) M. Pic— Le Melanisme chez divers
Crypt ocephalus Palearctiques ; (29) L. B. Prout — On the Place of Figures in
Descriptive Entomology ; (30) K. St. A. Rogers — Mimicry in the two Sexes of
the E. African Lycajnid, Alxna picta, Sharpe; (31) K, von Rosen— Die fossilen
Termiten : eine kurze Zusammenfassung der bis jetzt bekannten Funde ; (32)
A. Seitz — On the Sense of Vision in Insects; (33) P. Speiser— Bemerkungen
x\nd Notizen zur Geographischen Verbreitung einiger blvitsaugenden Insekten ;
(34) C. F. M. Swynnerton - Pellets ejected by Insect-eating Birds after a meal
of Butterflies; (35) J. W. Taylor- Geographical Distribution and Dominance
in relation to Evolution and Phylogeny ; (36) F. V. Theobald — Notes on the
Aphides of the cultivated Peas {Pisum sativ^ml and Lathyrus latifolius) and the
allied species of Macrosiphnm ; (37) G. Wheeler — Suggestions for securing
Simplification and Permanency in Nomenclature ; (38) W. M. Wheeler-
Observations on the Central American Acacia Ants.

The entire Vokime has been excellently edited by Dr. Karl Jordan and
Mr. H. Eltringham, and the printing and general get-up leave nothing to
be desired.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, October 15th, 1913. —
Rev. F. D. MoBiCE, M.A., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following gentlemen were elected Fellows of the Society : Messrs.
Edward O. Armitage, Geelong, Victoria, Australia ; F. W. Cragg, M.D., Capt.
I. M.S., King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Saidapet, Madras; Walter

280 - [December, 191S.

James Dow, The Cottage, Tjynwood Avenue, Epsom ; Leslie John William
Newman, Dept. of Ao-riculture, Perth, W. Australia.

Mr. F. H. Gi-avely exhibited lantern slides illustrating the connection
between asymmetry and geographical distribution in the Indo-Australian
Passalids. Mr. F. Enock, photographs of the $ and 9 of a new Mymarid.
Mr. Donisthorpe, s^jecimens of tiie rare myrmecophilous Diptera, Platyphora
luihocki, Verrall, Aenigmatias hlattoides, Meinert, and Feyerimhoffa brachyptera,
Kieff. The Hon. N. C. Rothschild, specimens of Zygeena Jilipendulx from the Isle
of Lismore, Scotland, and an example resembling them from Folkestone ; also
specimens of Chrysophanus dispar, var. rutilus, from Hungary and other locali-
ties. Mr. H. Rowland-Brown brought for exhibition examples of Chrysophanus
dispar, var. rutilus, captured by him in the marshes of the Gironde l>elow
Bordeaxix, to compare with the miich larger form taken in Hungary by
Mr. N. C. Rothschild; also a specimen of Agriades coridon, var. syngrapha.
Kef., taken in the Chiltern Hills, being the first ever recorded therefrom,
with several examples of this variety taken by him at Dompierre-sur-Mer ;
and other aberrations. Capt. E. B. Purefoy, a short series of Gonepteryx
cleopatra which inclvided two gynandi'omorphoiis specimens. Mr. L. W. Newman,
four gynandromorphous specimens of Smerinthus populi, three with the left
side ? , and right side ^ , and one vice versa. Also four ciu'ious 9 specuuens of
A. coridon, three having the right pairs of wings much smaller than the left and
heavily dvisted with bltxe scales, the left side being normal ; also one specimen
similar but vice versa. All were taken wild in Herts in 1913. Dr. G. W.
Nicholson showed a specimen of Pterostichus aterrimus, Pk., from Cloverhill,
Co. Cavan. Mr. E. E. Green, a transfer of a remarkable aberration of Telchinia
violse. Fab., taken by Mr. G. Halkett, in the district of Kurunegala, Ceylon ;
also Jassidm from Ceylon, parasitised by an undetermined species of Gonatopv^s.
The Rev. G. Wheeler, on behalf of Miss Macbride, a niunber of living specimens
of the Longicorn beetle Acanthocinus wdilis, L., taken in a timber yard at Bow.
Dr. Longstaff, on behalf of Mrs. Watei-field, a box of Sudanese Pierine Butter-
flies taken by her, and on which she contributed a series of interesting notes.
Prof. Poixlton, a set of four males and one female, and another of two males and
one female, of Metriorrhynchus semijiahellatus, Thorns. Also the following
insects bred by Mr. W. A. Lamborn fi'om the nests of Hymenoptera Aculeata, at
Moor Plantation, West Africa: 1 -a male Megachile cincta (September 17th),
and the Cantharid beetle, Zointis ehorina, Fahr. (September 17th). 2 — Odytierus
sp. inc. (September 17th) : The species exists unnamed in the collection of the
British Museum. 3 — A female Mutilla floralis, Klug : " This female Mutillid
emerged July 26th, from a mud nest, probably that of Sceliphron spirifex, L.,
found July 14th." 4! — Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) sp. inc. (July 26th), Chrysis
(Tetrachrysis) lyncea, F. (August 3rd), and Sceliphron spirifex, h., ? (July 31st).
All three insects emerged at the recorded dates from " mud nest of S. spirifex,
found in my store Jixly 20th." — Geo. Wheeler, Hon. Secretary.

END OF VOL. XXIV (Second Series).

i

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CONTENTS. PAGE

Descriptions of some new species of British Thysanoptera (Tubulifera)

{continued).— R. S. Bagnall,F.L.S 265

Coleoptera in Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire {continued). — H. Fortescue

Fryer,F.E.S 266

Thrypticus nigricauda, a new species ; and a few other Dolichopodidse from

Herefordshire.— Jo/i» JT. TFooc^, Jf.5 268

The Odonata, Trichoptera, Neuroptera, and Plecoptera of Wood Walton Fen,

Huntingdonshire. — Kenneth J. Morton, F.F.S 271

Note on a recorded capture of Carabus cancellatus, 111., in Britain. — E. Q,

Bayford, F.E.S 275

Atheta hybrida, Sharp, in Scotland.— ilf. Cameron, M.S., R.N., F.E.S 275

Chrysomela fastuosa, Scop., in Devon. — J. H. Keys, F.E.S 275

A recent record of Eudectus whitei, Siiarp, from Ingleborough, Yorkshire. —

O. C. Champion, F.Z.S 275

Thinobius longicornis, Joy : a correction 275

Xantholinus substrigosus, Joy : a correction 275

Vespa vulgaris in November. — Claude Morley, F.Z. S 276

Obituaries.— Alfred Eussel Wallace, O.M., D.C.L , F.R.S 276

Herbert Druce, F.L.S 277

Dr. Arnold Pagenstecher 278

Dr. Auguste Puton 278

Review — Transactions of the 2nd International Congress of Entomology ... 278

Societies. — Entomological Society of London 279

Title-Page, Index, &c i — xvii

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THE

COLEOPTERA

OF

THE BRITISH ISLANDS

A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE FAMILIES, GENERA AND

SPECIES INDIGENOUS TO GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND

WITH NOTES AS TO LOCALITIES, HABITATS, ETC.

W. W. FOWLER, M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S.

President of the Entomological Society of London 1901-2

AKD

HORACE ST. JOHN DONISTHORPE, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Vice-President of the Entomological Society of London 1911

VOL. VI (SUPPLEMENT)

INCLUDING A PAPER ON THE MYRMECOPHILOUS
COLEOPTERA OF GREAT BRITAIN

LONDON'

L. REEVE AND CO.

G HEXKIETTA STREET, COVEXT GARDEN
1913

AUTHOE'S PKEFACE

TO THE SIXTH (SUPPLEMENTARY) VOLUME

The last volume of the " Coleopteia of the British Islands " was
published in 1891. In the preface to the first volume I expressed
a hope that the work might, at all events, prove of some help towai^ds
encouraging the study of our native Coleoptera. As far as I can
gather, this hope has been, in a measure at least, realised, and to judge
by the results, as embodied in this volume, it will be seen that a great
deal of work has been done at the Order during the past twenty years.
Moreover, that work is by no means exhausted. Almost every month
new species are being recorded. The present volume was practically
ready some months ago, except for the plates, and the large list of
addenda that has accumulated during that period shows the interest
that is being taken in our Coleoptera at the present time. Dr. Sharp
is of opinion that our indigenous species will be found in the future to
number at least 4000, and this makes it evident tliat there may be
much left to discover.

When it appeared that there was need of a supplement to bring the
work up to date, Mr. Donisthorpe, hearing of my intention to prepare
one, kindly offered me the use of the list of localities, etc., which he
had for some years compiled from various records. I therefore asked
him if he would collaborate with me, and I am much indebted to him
for his help. The tirst part of the work is, for the most part, mine,
and I hold myself i-esponsible for it ; while Mr. Donisthorpe has
provided the part relating to fresh localities, and the excellent paper
on the British Myrmecophilous Coleoptera, and has also undertaken
the arrangement of the plates.

W. W. FOWLER

Januanj 10, 1913

PUBLISHERS' NOTE

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Edited by ADALBERT SEITZ, Ph.D., etc.,

in collaboration ivith Dr C. AURIVILLIUS {Stockholm), H. FRUH-
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cop Fauna Indo-Australica. Complete in 4 vols, or about 155

parts @ 1/6 net per part.

cop Fauna Africana Complete in 4 vols, or about 85 parts

fe 1/6 net per part.

cop Grroup Rhopalocera. Complete in 3 vols, or about 190 parts

(5 1/6 net per part.

cop Group Sphinges and Bombyces. Complete in 3 vols, or about

75 parts @ 1/6 net per part.

cop Group Noctuse. Complete in 3 vols, or about 75 parts,

(S' 1/6 net per part.

cop Group Geometrse. Complete in 3 vols, or about 30 parts

@ 1/6 net per part.

cop Binding- Covers for vols. when ready, in half-bound

imitation leather or m superior blue half Levant Morocco.

Name

Address

Date

* Please mark out what is not wanted.

4
Division II — continued

Group Sphinges and Bombyces, contained in Volumes 6, lo, and 14, will be
complete in about 75 parts at is. 6d. net per part.

Group Noctuae, contained in Volumes 7, 11, and 15, will be complete in about 75
parts at is. 6d. net per part.

Group Geometrae, contained in Volumes 8, 12, and 16, will be complete in about
30 parts at is. 6d. net per part.

The many and wonderful species from all parts of the Tropical
world are here represented, besides many sub-species and
varieties. A number of the identified Caterpillars of Exotic
Lepidoptera are also figured.

It is anticipated that Division II. will be completed by 19 15.

Further particulars and specimen plates are supplied on applica-
tion by every bookseller, or by

WILLIAMS &" NORGATE,

14 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

REVIEWS

TheEntomologist'sRecord, ///'/>'-.4//<^//j/ 1913. — ". . . To those entomologists
who have not easy access to some large collection these plates are of the utmost
use, not only for identification of species in hand, but to show all related species side
by side, to illustrate the sum-total of a genus, and generally to broaden the views
of the student.

■'. . . This list of names ensures that, in the condensation of facts to form the
letterpress, everything of prime importance for the object of the work should be
inserted, and that it should be quite up-to-date as to the latest observations
and results.

"... Every Natural History library of any pretence and all Lepidopterists
should get these volumes on the Palasarctic Fauna. Nothing so comprehensive
and so well illustrated has ever been produced before. The low price is quite
incommensurate with the amount of information."

I'or further Reviews, see page 6.
WILLIAMS Ov NORGATE, 14 Henriktta Street, Covent Ctarden, W.C.

3
Division II

EXOTIC BUTTERFLIES &> MOTHS

'Parts I to 179 now ready. To he complete in \1l Volumes or

about 370 Tarts ^ containing 700 Coloured Tlates^ representing

about 28,000 figures. 'Price per part^ Is. 6d. net.

Binding Cases will be issued for each Volume.

Orders can only be accepted for the complete division or for
a complete Fauna or Group.

This part of the work contains the following territorial divisions : —

FAUNA AMERICANA. Parts i to 53 now ready. To be complete in 4 Volumes
or about 130 Parts at is. 6d. net per part. Subscriptions are received for
the complete Fauna only. Contents of volumes : —

Vol. 5. Rhopalockra. Complete in about 70 parts.

Vol. 6. Sphinges and Bombyces. Complete in about 25 parts.

Vol. 7. NOCTU^. Complete in about 25 parts.

Vol. 8. Geometr/E. Complete in about 10 parts.

FAUNA INDO-AUSTRALICA. Parts i to 95 now ready. To be complete in
4 Volumes or about 155 Parts at is. 6d. net per part. Subscriptions are
received for the complete Fauna only. Contents of volumes : —

Vol. 9. Rhopalocera. Complete in about 85 parts.

Vol. 10. Sphinges and Bomp.yces. Complete in about 30 parts.

Vol. II. NOCTU.B. Complete in about 30 parts.

Vol. !2. Geometr.e. Complete in about 10 parts.

FAUNA AFRICANA. Parts i to 37 now ready. To be complete in 4 Volumes
or about 85 parts at is. 6d. net per part. Subscriptions are received for the
complete Fauna only. Contents of volumes : —

Vol. 13. Rhopalocera. Complete in about 35 parts.

\^ol. 14. Sphinges and Bombyces. Complete in about 20 parts.

Vol.15. NOCTU^. Complete in about 20 parts.

\'o!. 16. Geometr.'e. Complete in about 10 parts.

The above Division of " Exotic Butterflies and Moths " may also be
obtained in Groups according to families, and subscriptions for same are
received as follows : —

Group Rhopalocera, contained in Volumes 5, 9, and 13, will be complete in about
190 parts at is. 6d. net per part.

WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

REVIEWS

The Entomologist, December 191 1. — ". . . It is only justice to Dr Seitz and his
numerous collaborators to emphasise the fact that they are providing much more
than the ' illustrated catalogue ' which was somewhat slightingly spoken of when
the work was first announced a few years ago. Brief descriptions of the earlier
stages are included wherever these are known, and the dry descriptive matter is often
enlivened by notes on the habits of the imago. Scientifically, too, the names of such
contributors as Jordan, Aurivillius, and others are guarantee that we have work of
real classificatory value, and their synopses and differentiations should be a real help
to advanced students.

"The illustrations are for the most part good, and of practical use for the determina-
tion of species. We wish the enterprise continued success."

The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, November 191 1. — "The completion
of the first volume, not only in the German, but also in the English edition, and the
progress which is being made with various other sections of the work, afford good
evidence that both editor and publisher, together with the many other collabora-
tors, are taking their gigantic task in earnest, and that the present generation of
Lepidopterists may look forward to the possession, at no very distant date, of what
has never before been possible of attainment — a complete iconograph) of the known
Macrolepidoptcra^ together with letterpress adequate for the determination of
species, and often even further information as to their habits and the outlines of I*
their life-history. We are now assured that all the principal families are in the
hands of competent specialists, the preparation of those which are not already '
actually in progress well advanced, and material accessible for figuring from the
richest collections.

" The general arrangement, indexing, etc., are good; the illustrations excellent,
and marvels of cheapness ; and the work is worthy of the support of all who are
interested in the Lepidoptera^ or desirous of the wider diffusion of knowledge con-
cerning them."

The Entomologist's Record, December 191 1. — "Students of the PaUcarctic
Butterflies must rejoice to have all the species and a very large percentage of the
known forms illustrated, and well illustrated, within the covers of a single volume.
It is the first time it has ever been done on such a scale.

"Various collaborators have undertaken the work in the different families and
genera, and we get practically a short digest of the results arrived at. which in the
case of the more recently thoroughly worked out groups is of very great use and
interest.

" In conclusion, one must mention the name of Dr Jordan, the man who was re-
sponsible for the translation of the original German into English. Let us say at
once that this is highly commendable, with far fewer slips than is usual in a trans-
lation of these dimensions. We offer our congratulations to Dr Seitz and his
numerous helpers, and hope that we shall not have to wait so long for the other
volumes to be completed." — W. J. K

MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish
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The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
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"NATURE,"

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EDITED BY

T. SHEPPARD. F.G.S., and T. W. WOODHEAD, F.L.S.,

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WITH THE ASSISTANCF. AS REFEREES IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF

J. GILBERT BAKEK, F.K.S., F.L.S. GEO. T. PORRITT, F.L.S., F.B.S.

PROF. PERCY F. KENDALL. F.G-S. JOHN W- TAYLOR.

T. H. NELSON, M-B.O.U. WILLIAM WEST, F.L.S.

This Journal is one of the oldest Scientific Periodicals in the British Isles, dating
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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP LONDON, 11, Chandoa Street. Cavendish
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The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library- is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
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"NATURE,"

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE, 6d.

" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
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J. GILBERT BAKEH, F.BS., F.Ii.S. GEO. T. POBRITT, P.L.S., F.E.S.

PBOF. PERCY F. EENDAIiIi, F.G.S. JOHN W. TAYLOR.

T. H. MELSON, M.B.O.U. WILLIAM. WEST, F.L.S.

This Jowmal is one of the oldest Scientific Periodicals in the British Isles, dating
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SOCIETY, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. The Second & Fourth Thuradaya
in each month, at 8 p.m. The lantern will be at the disposal of Members for the
exhibition of slides.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish
Square, W. — Wednesdays, April 2nd, May 7th, June 4th, October Ist and 15th,
November 5th and 19th, December 3rd, 1913. January 21st (Annual Mebtino),
February 4th, 1914.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
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"NATURE,"

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. PRICE, 6a.

" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
contains Reviews of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
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THF NATURALIST:

A MONTHLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF

NATUEAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OF ENGLAND.

EDITED By

T. SHEPPARD. P.G.S.. and T. W. WOODHEAD. P.L.S.,

Museum, Huii.; Tbchnicai College, Huddbesfibid

WITH THE ASSISTANCE AS REFEREES IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF

J. GILBERT BAKER, P.R.S., F.L.S. GEO. T. PORRITT, F.L.S , F S S.

PROF. PERCY F. KENDALL, F.G.S. JOHN W. TAYLOR.

T. H. NELSON, MB.O.U. WILLIAM WEST, F.L.S.

This Jov/mal is one of the oldest Scientific Periodicals in the British Isles, dating
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London: A. Brown and Sons, 5, Fareingdon Avenue, E.G.

PRICE, SIXPENCE NET. BY POST SEVENPENCE.

Annual Subscription, Gs. 6d., post free ; through Booksellers, 6s. Net.

MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
SOCIETY, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. The Second & Fourth Thursdays
in each month, at 8 p.m. The lantern will be at the disposal of Members for the
exhibition of slides.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, II, Chandos Street, Cavendish
Square, W. — Wednesdays, May 7th, June 4th, October Ist and 15th, Novem-
ber 5ch and 19th, December 3rd, 1913. January 21st (Annual Meeting),
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The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
is closed at 2 p.m.), and until 10 p.m. on Meeting nights.

"NATURE,"

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OP SCIENCE. PRICE, 6d.

" Nature " contains Original Articles on all subjects coming within the domain of
Science, contributed by the most eminent scientific writers of the day. It also
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EDITED BY

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MrsEUM, Hull; Tbchhicax College, Huddbespibu)

■WITH THE ASSISTANCE AS REFEREES IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF

J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S. GEO. T. POBRITT, F.Ii.S., F.B.8.

PROF. PERCY P. KENDALL, P.G.S. JOHN W. TAYLOR.

T. H. NELSON, MB.O.U. WILLIAM WEST, F.L.S.

This Journal is one of the oldest Scientific Periodicals in the British Isles, dating
hack to 1833, and is circulated widely amongst the principal Naturalists of the country.

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/ exhibition of slides.

\ — -

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form a medium of scientific discussion and of intercommunication among men of
Science; Accounts of the leading Scientific Serials; Abstracts of the more
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THE N ATURAi:.! ST:

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EDITED BY

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J. GILBERT BAKBR, F.K.S., F.L.S. GEO. T. POB.RITT, F.L.S., F.E.S.

PROF. PERCY F. KENDALL, F.G.S. JOHN W. TAYLOR.

T. H. NliLSON, M.B.O.D. WILLIAM WEST, F.L.S.

This Journal is one of the oldest Scientific Periodicals in the British Isles, dating
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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

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exhibition of slides.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish
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The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
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contains Review.s of all recent scientific works ; Correspondence Columns, which
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valuable papers wliich appear in foreign journals ; Reports of the Proceedings of
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EDITED BV

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Museum, Hull; Technica.l Colleqb, Huddeesfield

with the assistance as referees in special departments of
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PROF. PERCY P. KENDALL, P.G.S. JOHN W- TAYLOR.
T. H. NELSON, M.B.O.U. WILLIAM WEST, P.L.S.

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