ra t ‘ ‘ . "y o 4 * ' a ‘ ? a wala ils ' pe hat A TT Ah pete ii SOMO Ie . Wek obit > . oH e merirer me TEtrrn te TP Ue Tis) : >? bs Wri gente Mpls ; was : pide, Stra 7. ; Soh itt a adelante 4 hat ‘ i : 7 cal hay ri iste Liao Le 5 ee a cere’ Laifet eM ope mete Br - Hes vas fe : x, & nae r Paver PCat h Seat (i eit oe ' The Hon, Pe cgnire: He W. ANDREWS, F.R.E. Ss. ae ey, Boe Road, ‘Eltham, S.E. a CAN Large stocks always maintained for quick service. Catalogue post free per return Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of the World.”’ 36, Strand, London, W.C.2., England TRLEPHONE—TEMPLE BAR 9451. P.O. Box. No. 126 Watkins & Doncaster (ESTABLISHED 1879) by the Collector, at keenest Prices SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED Pull J. J. HILL & SON, = "*TEn2u2acAincas = YEWFIELD ROAD, N.W.10. *Phone: WILLESDEN 0309. Specialists in interchangeable unit systems. Specifications and Prices sent post free on application. THE VASCULUR: The North Country Quarterly of Science and Local History. 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WARNE & CO., Ltd, LONDON, W.CG2. — ‘‘ENTOMOLOGIST’S REGORD” Publications. List of British Geometers: with named varieties and synonyms. By Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S. . Price, one copy, 1s. 0d. ; two, Is. 6d. 8 ° i ON Bapplee to Tutt’s British Noctuae, Voll... (By shy; TURNER, , i F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (Vol. IL in course). ee bea ««. NOs. 6d") age Hiibner’s Tentamen and Verzeichniss. Collated by the late J. H. ae Durrant, F.R.E.S. (a few copies only) 3 meer se) 10016 British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. W. 6d. Anprews, F.R.E.S : .. With Supplement 9d. Back Volumes, Nos. 37- 47 of Ent. Record, new series; including Special Index. ‘ : Price, per vol. 12s. 6a. To be habied pak Oks jie H. W. one 6, ¥ ootscray Road, Eltham, 8.H. 9. - BREEDING LEUCANIA VITELLINA AND L. ALBIPUNCTA. 25, Notes on Breeding Leucania vitellina, Hb. and ' Leucania albipuncta, F. | By H. A. COCKAYNE, D.M. F.R.C.P. As both these wainscots had occurred at Dungeness for the past four or five years and I had never bred vitellina, | spent most of September at Lydd. Albipuncta, which had been rather common in 1933.and 1934, was a good deal scarcer, but vitellina appeared in the same small numbers as in previous years. One albipuncta came to sugar on 8rd September, five on the 5th, and one on the 7th, and one on the 9th, the earliest at 8.45 and the latest at 10.45 p.m. summer time. After that I got no more myself, but saw others taken, the last of which came to sugar on 17th September. The first vitellina, a very perfect female, came to sugar on 9th September, but proved to be infertile. The second was taken by Peter Whitehouse on 18th September, and four more came to sugar on the 21st. Most of them came at about 8.45. A few more were caught early in October after I had left. The majority of those kept for eggs were infertile, but the one taken on the 13th, though beautifully fresh, gave us a ignan surprise by laying fertile eggs i The same method was used to obtain eves. of both species. Dead seed-heads of cock’s foot grass, Dactylis ylomerata, with short pieces of stem attached, were bent round the sides of a big glass-topped tin, so that they remained pressed against the side. A _ bit of cotton wool soaked in a solution of sugar was placed on the paper covering the bottom and moistened from time to time. Both vitellina and albipuncta laid most of their eggs out of sight in the seed-heads, but a few were placed on the tin, where a seed- head rested against it. The female nitellina started laying on 15th September and laid at intervals until the night of the 22nd or the early inorning of the 23rd. She laid between 450 and 500 ova, 50 of which were laid the last night, after she had been placed in anew tin. Professor Beckwith Whitehouse generously let me keep a share of them. ‘The first larvae hatched on 25th September and the last on 8rd October, and when I counted them I found J had about 112. They were kept in small glass-topped tins with newspaper on the bottom and were fed throughout on Dactylis glomerata. Clean stems were always chosen and cut into lengths to fit the diameter of the box. While they were hatching, the seed-heads were shaken over a piece of paper at least twice a day and the larvae were very difficult to dislodge. A few were a good deal larger than the others and had fed either on the eggshells of others, or had eaten unhatched eggs. At first the larvae showed a preference for the white part of the leaf near the base, where they fed gregariously. It saved time and trouble to use only the sheaths of leaves. ‘The young larvae fed on the inner surface and the sheath was easily split, exposing them and making it easy to brush them off and put them on to fresh food. Grass was gathered every other day, and at first they were fed on alter- nate days, but later, fresh paper was put in daily and the frass cleaned out, and often it was necessary to put more grass in or to replenish it entirely. As they grew larger they were put into bigger tins, until, when they were in the last instar, they were in the largest size of tin and ten larvae were allotted to each. 26 ENTOMOLOGIST’S REOORD. 15.111.1936 The tins were kept in a wooden box heated by means of an electric light bulb, which was burning day and night. Fearing that the light might prevent the larvae from feeding freely, the bulb was placed inside a coffee tin with a slit on one side of the lid for the flex to pass through. At first the tins were kept near the open end of the box where the temperature was about 70° to 75° F. Later they were put nearer to the back of the box, and the lid was partly closed, but the temperature varied very much in different parts of the box. The coolest part was 80°F’. and the hottest 92° to 94°F. The numbers were counted every time the food was changed, a very necessary precaution especially while they were small. The first larva went down into peat moss on 27th October, and the last on 5th November. A separate biscuit tin full of damp peat moss was used for each day’s full-fed larvae, and they were left undisturbed at room temperature for a fortnight. When they were dug up, some of the cocoons were kept intact and the pupae were removed from the others. Cocoons and pupae were placed on damp flannel or soft canvas in glass topped tins, about six in a tin, and were so arranged that only one or two should hatch in each tin daily. The tins were put into the heated box and the flannel was damped every day. Two pupae how- ever were overlooked and left in an unheated room. The first moths from the forced pupae hatched on 21st November and the last on 8rd December. The other two emerged on 8rd January. Thus they were from 10 to 11 days in the egg state, from 31 to 34 days in the larval stage, and from 25 to 28 davs in the prepupal and pupal stages, except the twoin the unheated room, of which the ss Sa and pupal stage was between 58 and 67 days. From four to five days were spent in each of the first five instars, and eight days in the sixth. Nota single larva died or was lost from the time I started counting them: every larva, which went down, pupated successfully and only two imagines failed to emerge. I bred 101 moths and blew a few larvae. A very full and accurate description or the larva and of the method adopted in breeding vitellina from the egg was published by W. Parkinson Curtis from notes left by E. R. Bankes (Zrans. Ent. Soc. South of England, 1981. 7, 40.) In one respect my experience differed from his, My larvae had only six instars, but his changed skin six times and had seven instars. My larvae were very uniform in colour with the ground colour wood brown like the majority of those bred by Bankes. Buckler gives no figure of the larva, and that given by Boisduval, Rambur, and Graslin in the ‘Collection des Chenilles d’Kurope,’ Noctuélides, Pl. 12, fig, 1, is paler and greyer than mine and the head is not large and prominent enough. Bankes kept his larvae in ventilated tins at a temperature of 56° to 70°F. His fastest larva fed up in 55 days, but most of them were much slower, and his last did not pupate until the beginning of January. The larvae which fed most quickly did best and gave 78°4 per cent. of imagines, while the later ones only gave 48:6 per cent. Apart from the poorer results obtained from slow-feeding larvae there is another disadvantage. ‘The Dactylis deteriorates very rapidly after exposure to frost, and it is difficult to get enough in good condition to feed a large brood of Leucania larvae. I attribute my greater success BREEDING LEUCANIA VITELDINA AND L. ALBIPUNOTA. 27 to using closed tins without ventilation and to the much higher tem- perature used, and I hope these notes will be of service to anyone fortunate enough to take a fertile female of this beautiful species. The moths were as large or larger than those caught wild, but amongst the forced specimens variation was slight. At one end of the scale were eight with the hindwings entirely plain and with the fore- wings a smooth cream colour with the markings very indistinct, At the other end were five with nervure 1 of the hindwings blackened for its whole length and the others blackened from the discoidal cell to the termen and with much grey suffusion near the margin in the inter- neural spaces, the forewings being richer and and less uniform in colour and with more distinct markings. In the great majority the grey suffusion and darkening of the nervures was present, but toa much less degree. The two pupae, which were overlooked, were kept in an unheated room near the window and during the spell of cold weather when the temperature remained below freezing point all day, they must have been cold for a much longer period than any wild pupa ever is. Both imagines had the hindwings entirely dark grey and their bodies were covered with grey instead of cream-coloured hair. As they were kept under the same conditions as the rest at the critical period. just after pupation, I think their darker colour must have been due to their much slower development. I have nine vitellina from South Devon, six bred by Bankes from Strete and three taken by P. P. Milman at Paignton, and one from Dorset, all of which have orange tinted forewings and plain hindwings, and I understand that Milman took about a hundred in 1907 and 1908 nearly all of which were similar. One which I took at Petit Tor has still deeper reddish orange forewings and hindwings slightly suffused with grey. My bred series compared with these has a much greyer appearance in both fore and hindwings and lacks the orange tint on the forewings and is more distinctly marked. _ The Dorset and Devonshire vitellina taken during the last few years have the same orange forewings as those bred by Bankes in 1902 and captured by Milman in 1908, and at Bournemouth in 1901. On the other hand all those | have seen from Kent have the forewing pale with a slight greyish tint like those bred from Dungeness. If the species is immigrant I think the Devon and Dorset specimens must come from a different locality from the Kent ones, but this does not seem to me at all probable. It is possible that vitellina is a permanent native and that it has devoloped two different local forms. The fact that none are taken for several successive years is no argument | against this view. It is a scarce species at all times and it seems likely that, only when it experiences a series of unusually favourable seasons does it become common enough for more than odd specimens to be taken. _ Two females of albipuncta were kept for eggs, one red and one brown. ‘They were a little worn and though both laid freely the eggs of the brown one were all infertile. The red one laid more than a hundred eggs on 11th September and the following day, and the larvae, half of which I gave to Professor Whitehouse, hatched on 21st and 22nd September, but during the next two days about twenty of mine died. The 33 survivors were fed on Dactylis glomerata, but, though they had the same treatment as the vitellina, they grew at different. 28 ss ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.111.1986 rates, like those I had last year. The largest entered the last instar on’ 19th October, and went down into the peat moss on 28th October, and by the 29th eighteen had gone down. Others grew more slowly and. the last was full-fed on 13th December but did not pupate until 28th December. The moths emerged at intervals from 16th November to 9th February. Ht 4 The colour of the larvae varied from bright: reddish ochreous to greyish ochreous, and three had no black markings in the subdorsal- stripe, a form of which I have seen no description. I blew one of. these. Two larvae were lost, and two died in the penultimate instar, but all the rest pupated. The larva is not figured by Buckler, but good figures of the dorsal and lateral aspects are. given by Boisduval, Rambur, and Graslin, Noctiélides, Pl. 13, figs. 5 and 6. . ) The imagines varied. One was a very light bright red and one darker ved, ab. rufa, Tutt, and two were dull brown, the darkest being ab. suffusa, Tutt, but there were intermediates of different degrees of redness and the brood could not be separated into red and brown forms. They were large, the smallest being as big as the biggest captured one. In the larval state vitellina and albipuncta behaved very differently. Albipuncta showed no dislike for the light and remained motionless, . either stretched out or rolled up, but -vitellina, unless changing skin, made violent efforts to find shelter. Vitellina had to be examined twice a- day, when they were nearly full-grown; otherwise some would have been too near pupation to make cocoons, but albipuncta often waited for two or even three days after feeding had stopped before going down into the peat. The cocoons of vitellina are firm and very small for the size of the pupa, but those of albipuncta are very fragile and cannot be moved intact. Both are often attached to the sides or bottom of the tin or to a large lump of peat. The moths. of both species emerge at any hour of the day or night. July in North-Western Spain. By P. HAIG-THOMAS, F.R.E.S. In the company of Dr. and Mrs. Higgins, I collected during the. month of July in the Cantabrian Mts. We stayed for the first week at the village of Espinama, 8000 ft. above sea level. Hspinama : liés at the foot of the Picos d’Europa, about 20 kilometres up the valley above Potes. .The weather was variable and insects appeared to belate on the high ground. Our chief object in visiting the Picos. d’Europe was to obtain series of Hrebia palarica, EH. astur, K. gorge race gigantea and Plebeius pyrenaica race asturiensis, all of which we eventually obtained. At the end of the first week of July, Mrs. Higgins took the first /’. astur and F. palarica, only one of each. We deeided therefore to go for a few days to the Puerto de Pajares. Here F. palarica was well out and among other common insects Anthocharis euphenoides was still flying fresh; on the last'day 1 took three F. epiphron just emerging, as at Espinama F. stygne was very common and E. evias was still flying. Here again the weather left much to be desired. - We left the Puerto de Pajares on 11th July and motored to Leon and then on to: Riaho due south of of Espinama on the southern slopes - JULY IN NORTH-WESTERN SPAIN. 29 of the Picos d’Europa. We collected for an hour or two below and above Riafio. The valley here is excellent collecting ground and it was unfortunate that we were unable to give more time to exploring the locality. We took nearly all the insects, which would be flying at this date at La Granja with the addition of Melitaea trivia and FE. palarica while Leosopis roboris was exceedingly common and as large as the central Spanish specimens. After lunching off a delicious dish of fried trout, in an otherwise- rather indifferent Hotel at Riafo, we motored back north over the pass into bad weather to Potes and thence to Espinama. During the next two or three days the weather was very bad on the north side. Dr. and Mrs. Higgins motored one day back to Riafio, where they completed their series of the central Spanish insects in beautiful weather, though at Espinama the hills were wrapped in fog. “However between the 15th.and 20th we had fair weather and went up to the Refugio d’Avilla,.a very comfortable and clean refuge or small mountain hotel situated at 6,200 feet above the sea, and surrounded by the highest points of the Picos d’Kuropa. Within a mile of this refuge we took good series of EH. astur, /. gorge race gigantea and P. pyrenaica race asturiensis. The flowers here were very fine, Gentiana acaulis and G. verna being at their best. : The Cantabrian Mts. differ much from the Pyrenees, the sides of the hills are clothed with deciduous trees and there are no conifers. Here and there are deposits of conglomerate, where the tall Mediterranean heath grows, otherwise the hills appear to be composed of limestone. On the 20th July we left Riafio and motored to Jaca arriving there after dark, and the next day after collecting for a couple of hours, where the valley debouches on to the plain, we motored over the pass into France and on to Pierrefitte. Insects swarmed near Jaca, one might have been in the Eaux Chaude valley at Digne. The most interesting captures were two freshly emerged Polyommatus dolus and Epinephele passiphae, rather worn, Melanargia yulathea was common including the ? form leweomelas, which I had only previously taken at Digne. I was rather surprised to take this insect south of the Pyrenees, we we did not find it on the south side of the Cantabrian Mts., it being replaced by japygia race cleanthe and M. lachesis. On the next day we visited the ’. pytho locality above Cautarets; it had not however yet emerged. We did, however, find a few worn H. veme, which in 1924, when I last visited the locality, had fully emerged by 21st June a month earlier. A few days were spent in the well known localities at Gavarnie and we were able to add to our series of EH. manto race gavarniensis, EH, gorye race ramondi, EF. lefebvret, FE’. goryone very common, P. pyrenaica, P. orbitulus race oberthurt. ~The following is the list of insects taken in Spain. - Parnassius apollo, u.—Three races are described from the Can- tabrian Mts., race ardanazi, Fernand. from Puerto de Oliva, Kspinama, race kricheldorfi, Hisner, from the Picos d’Europa, 1800-2000m., and asturiensis, Pag. from Asturia (bred from pupae by Pagenststecher). We found apollo from 3200 ft. close to Espinama up to 5500 ft. on the Puerto de Oliva, also up to 6500 ft. at the Refugio d’Avila, abundant. . It also occurred locally at the Puerto de Pajares, 5000-5500 ft. 1 can see no difference in my series from these different localities and I suggest that they all belong to race asturiensis. This race approaches. 30 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.111.1936 very Closely to race aragonicus, Bryk, from Sierra Alta, the ground colour being almost as white. On the wing throughout July. Papilio podalirius, race feisthameli, Dup.—Not common, but we were late for the spring brood, even on the high ground. Picos d’ Europa. P. machaon, Iu.—A few fresh on the high ground. Picos d’Kuropa. Aporia crataegi, L.—EHverywhere common. Pieris brassicae, li.—P. rapae, li.—P. napi. Pontia daplidice, L.—A few only. Euchloé belia, Cr, race simplonia, Frr.—Common, but worn, on the Picos d’Kuropa ; a few at Pajares, 5500-6000 ft. Anthocharis (Huchloé) cardamines, li.—Still fresh at 5000 ft. 6.vii. Picos d’ Europa. A. euphenoides, Stdgr.—A few on 9.vii. at Pajares; some still fresh. Gonepteryx rhamni, L.—Common everywhere. G. cleopatra, la.—Below Espinama and at Riano. Colias phicomone, Ksp.—A few around the Refugio d’Avila. I only took two g¢ g andone ¢. ‘These males are less dusted with green than race oberthiiri, Vrty. from the Pyrenees, which by the way, was very common this year. C. croceus, Frery.— Common. C. hyale, L.—Not common. Leptidea sinapis, L.—EKverywhere. L.. duponcheli, Stdgr.—2 at Jaca. : E’rebia epiphron, Knoch.—Abundant locally in the Picos d’ Europa, b.vii. 5500 ft. Just emerging at Pajares the same altitude, 10.vii. This race cannot be distinguished from the form at Gavarnie. FE. stygne race almada, Fruh.—Is a small peralarae, Chap., and by far the commonest insect in the Picos d’Kuropa from 2000-6500 ft. At Pajares the insect was more local and somewhat smaller, otherwise identical. E. evias, Gdt.—Still fresh, and large like I’, evias from Digne. At Pajares it was smaller. E. palarica, Chap.—Only one taken near Espinama. Common at several localities, Puerto de Pajares. A few taken at 2500 ft. near Riafio. Found always on conglomerate where the tall heath grows. E. astur, Obthr.—A single specimen was taken at the end of the first week in July. It was abundant and males getting worn m.vii. flying over rocky screes at 6,500 ft. on the Picosd’Kuropa. Both sexes are very variable in the size of the spots on the forewing, and in some specimens they were almost absent. EK. gorye race gigantea, Obthr.—This fine insect was flying with ZH. astur; the ¢ g common, 2? @ difficult to find, It is very variable in size, ‘but considerably larger than race raymondi, Obthr. from the Pyrenees, from which it can easily be distinguished by the broader fulvous-red band on the forewings and the diminution or total absence of spots on the hindwings. Ki. tyndarus race casstoides, v.Hhmn. —Common on. grassy i spexe Refugio d’Avila. 15-20.vii. Melanargia galathea, L.—Only on the north side of the onto ied of the Picos d’Huropa, and at Jaca where the ? form sinrisicones. Lisp. also occurs. LEPIDOPTERA IN DENMARE. 31 M. lachesis, Hb.—On the southern slopes of the Picos d’Kuropa, common locally. M. japygia race cleanthe, Bdy.—In the same localities as lachesis but much more widely distributed. Satyrus alcyone, Schiffi—Just emerging at 4000 ft. Picos d’ Europa, 19.vii. also common at Jaca. S, actaea, Ksp.—Very common at Jaca, 21.vii. Hipparchia semele, L.—Not common. - Pararge aegeria. L.—P. megera, L.—P. maera, L. jurtina, L,, common. E'pinephele lycaon, Roth.—Common at Jaca. E., tithonus, L.—Common at Jaca. E. passiphaé, Exsp.——Common but worn at Jaca. Aphantopus hyperantus, L.—Common. (Z'o be concluded.) Hpinephele Lepidoptera in Denmark, 1939. By Dr. HOFFMEYER. (The Author’s summary of his notes contributed to ‘‘ Flora og Fauna”’ in 1935.) It deals first with Arsilonche albovenosa, which was taken in Denmark for the first time. Next with Nola centonalis (N. albula has not been taken in Denmark). J. centunalis occurs in Denmark only in the extreme east, Bornholm, and in the extreme west, Hand and Romé. A series of figures gives the paler, lightly marked forms from the former locality, while another series of figures gives the heavily marked form, race holsatica, from the latter areas. ‘I'he next paper gives an account of “A Night on the Mose of Fréslev,” This is a moor traversed by the frontier between Deninark and Germany not far from Flensborg. From this locality I mention Heliothis dipsacea. In 1891 only one specimen was known from all Denmark; now the species is known to be well distributed all over Jutland. J réslev is the only inland locality for Mesotype virgata, which occurs commonly in many places on our coasts. ‘The beautiful l’anthea coenobita 1s new to Jutland; hitherto it has been known only from Kast Denmark ; Bornholm, Seeland, Moen and Lolland. It seems to have invaded Jutland from the south. In North Germany it is plentiful in the east (East and West Prussia); in the vicinity of Flensbérg only from 1890, near Lubeck from 1929. In Norway, Sweden and Finland, but in Norway and Finland only in the south. Probably the species will have a, future in the many new plantations in Jutland. Hadena funerea (more correctly H. aquila, Donz. subsp. funerea) was very common on sugar in both 19384 and 1985. Frélev is the most northern locality hitherto known for this species. A few specimens of Miana captiuncula were taken in both 1934 and 1935. Before that it was only known in Denmark from Bornholm. The distribution of this species in northern areas seems.to be very general, (a) Sweden Oland and Gothland (the large isles in the Baltic) and a few localities on the mainland. coast ; Finland (Abo), Osel and Estonia, Latvia and Bornholm, (0) Mittel- deutsche Gebirgsgegenden ” Harz, Schlesien, Jena with long intervals through Wirttemberg and Bavaria to the Alps. (¢c) Great Britain, northern England and: localities in Scotland.* (d) Two localities in * And N, ireland.—E.A.C. 32 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.11.1936 Schleswig, viz., Fréslev on Danish, and Bredstadt on German ground. The species is certainly not a post glacial relic; but what then ? Phibalapteryx polygrammata had only been: taken in one locality in Denmark by Harsem on the east coast of Jutland about 1865, in rather large numbers; which locality has been spoiled tong ago. It was a pleasure to me to find the species again in Fréslev, in both 1934 and 1935. In 1909 a specimen was taken in the vicinity of Flensborg. In Sweden it has been found in some few localities ; it is unknown in Norway, Finland’ and the Baltic States, very rare in Northern Germany, few localities and rather few specimens from Old.Prussia to Mecklenburg, but not in the North-west corner of Germany. From England it was known from Cambridge, but is, as J suppose, now extinct. Boarmia secundaria. Denmark is rather rich in Boarmia Sps.; it is most curious that B. ilicaria occurs on our isles (Funen, Lolland, Falster), the next localities being far away in W. Germany. In Froslev B. secundaria was taken in 1934 and was by no means rare in 19385. I suppose this species is widening its area towards the north. About 1915 it was found in Lolland, in the 1920'ies in Moen, in 1930’ies in South Iceland, in 1935 in South Funen, by Fréslev in 1934 and 1985. This is its northern limit; but German friends tell me, that they, too, have taken it in 1984 and 1935. (Ratzeburg by Lubeck, and Usedom by Stettin.) Among other varieties in Schleswig a took in the neighbourhood of Tonden (Fondern) the fine species Aniphipyra perfina. JA OTES. 00M. /C.0 Lb.6.C0 LNoG acetee Micro cotLectine In Marca.—Of the many species of Micro-lepidop- tera, which pass the winter in the larval stagé, quite a number can be obtained in March, still feeding or spun up for pupation in | reed- heads, stems and roctstocks of various plants. In their somewhat restricted localities HMuzophora hae and Hucosma pupillana are to be found in stems and roots of Wormwood ; the larvae of the former species feed in the crown of the root and mine up the stems, the latter in the root-stock only. The stems and roots are’ exceedingly tough so that a strong trowel and a sharp knife are almost indispensable to obtain a supply. Oak-galls—the soft spongy variety, not the hard round ones— collected in March will probably contain the larvae of Pammene galli- colana, P. argyrana, P. splendidulana and P. fimbriana. I have noticed that P. gallicolana occurs chiefly in the galls on small oak’ trees—up to about 15 feet in height; the other three species in galls on larger trees. The best method of treatment, I find, is to spread the galls in a thin layer on sand in a moderately deep seed box ; the box'should be kept out of doors under cover and the galls watered occasionally during dry weather. The larvae of Endothenia nigricostana aré common in most districts feeding in the stems of Stachys sylvatica. If astem be opened it can readily be seen whether it contains (or has contained) a. larva, but ib is best not to open the stems. In cold weather the larvae will be found low down, sometimes in the roots. In mild weather it will be higher up. It pupates in the stem just above the root. This species like inany others, is more easily obtained in the larval stage. NOTES ON COLLECTING. 33 Seed heads of the Carline thistle growing on downs can be collected in March for Metzneria carlinella. Three or four larvae are sometimes to be found in a single seed head. MM. lappella can be obtained in seed heads of burdock and M. neuropterella and M. metzneriella in seed heads of Knapweed. The last two species, however, are better collected in the autumn, as by March a large number of the seed heads have been emptied by birds. The larva of Gelechia domestica can still be found at the end of March (and later) feeding on moss growing on walls about 5 or 6 feet from the ground. Occasionally—more frequently in the early morning of damp days—the larvae are on the outside of the moss and are then easily seen. Usually only about one-third of the larva is exposed and is not at all easy to see. It quickly retreats into its slight silken tube, if disturbed by the breath of the collector, or the smoke from his pipe. In cold and windy weather the larva remains in its tube.—L.T.F. [According to Wood (H.M.M. XXYV. 219-220, 1889) the larva of gallicolana is found in the galls in Sept.-Oct. and leaves them to spin up outside when the galls become wet with the winter rains. The larva of splendidulana is a leaf-feeder, sometimes entering the galls to spin up.—T.B.-F.| Tue ‘‘Cotorapo Brestun.’—J. C. F. Fryer, M.A., Director Plant Pathological Laboratory at Harpenden has just issued his Report on this pest for the year 1935. In spite of the unusual difficulty caused by the disastrous frost in May to the potato plants, there was no record of its occurrence during the year. A living beetle was captured on a lighter in the Surrey Docks, under circumstances suggesting that it had just arrived from America in one of the American vessels near by. It was immature and had probably come over in the pupa stage and had recently emerged. Aerotis resiton, Hurn. (surrusa, Hb.)—Referring to Dr. Cockayne’s remarks on Agrotis ipsilon, (Ent. Record, XUVIII. 2). Some years ago I was in S. Devon at Kaster and captured two rather worn males at sallow bloom. I also collected some larvae among a large quantity of other larvae found on grass and low plants on the cliffs. These were only a quarter grown and appeared to have hibernated. I did not recognize them until they got larger. They produced moths early in July. I have also taken the imagines in Devon in July and presume these are the parents of the September brood.—H. M. Epetsten, Bramble Hill, Sussex. Dave oF EMERGENCE OF PoLyommaTuUs coRIDON, Popa., at DoMPIERRE. —Your gprrespondent in the February number of this journal does not state the date on which he failed to find P. coridon at Dompierre-sur- Mer last year, but it may be of interest to some of your readers to give my experience there. I visited Dompierre-sur-Mer in 1928 and 1929, and Angouléme in 1930. Between 28th and 31st August, 1928 at Dompierre | found both sexes of P. bellargus abundant, but beginning to go over. P. coridon was far less common, and I was evidently too late for it, as specimens of both sexes were worn. I only took about 9 blue females: of the latter species. 84 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.111.1986 Between 14th and 16th August, 1929, I found both sexes of coridon very abundant and fresh, but only took a few bellargus, these being also quite fresh. On 7th August, 1980, at Angouléme I found a few males of coridon but no females, and no sign of bellargus. I therefore came to the conclusion that 15th August is about the right date in that part of the world to hunt for coridon, the date for bellargus being probably about a week to ten days later. The correct names, by the way, for the blue females of the races of these two species found in that part of France are not ceronus and syngrapha. The local race (or sub-species ?) of coridon is known as galliae, Obthr., that of bellargus is known os coelestis, Obthr. Both are described and beautifully figured in Oberthur’s Etudes de Lépidoptéro- loyie Comparee. Coelestis is quite different from ceronus, as will be seen by comparing them. ‘The blue females of coridon f. galliae, also I think figured by Gerhard under the name of mariscolor, do not differ much from syngrapha. I found at Dompierre that the proportion of blue females to brown was about two to one in the case of coridon; the numbers were about equal in the case of bellargus. In both species the females were definitely either brown or blue, I never saw any intermediates.— B. H. Cooxs (Brig.-General) (F.R.E.S.). Inniscrone, Datchet, Bucks. Tue Lirz-History or AsiLus craBronirormis, L.—In reply to Mr. Bainbrigge Fletcher’s query in his note on this species (H. Record, Vol. 48, p. 10) there is a very full monograph on ‘The Biology of the Swedish Asilids’’: by Douglas Melin. This appeared in the Zoologiska Bidrag: Frain Uppsdla: Band VIII: 1928. It is written in English, some 800 pages with many text figures and is thoroughly comprehen- sive. Ina section on “ The mode of nutrition of the larvae,” pp. 25'7- 271, the author comes to the conclusion that ‘‘ on the strength of obser- vations made on the larvae of the ‘‘ robber flies’’ both in nature and in the laboratory, and on the strength of the nature of their mouth parts and the contents of the intestines, we must for the present follow Dufour in holding that these larvae are in the main adapted for vegetable nutrition.” In the case of the crabroniformis he had, however, only seen three larvae, and it is to be hoped that Mr. Bainbrigge Fletcher or some other worker in localities, where A. crabroniformis is common, will be able to obtain larvae and work out the life-history in this country. Melin’s work is in the library of the Royal Entomological Society and also in that of the South London Entomological Society.—H.W.A. ScHIFFERMUELLERIA GRANDIS IN SomeRsET.—Schiffermuelleria grandis seems to be very little known in England. It was originally described (Entom. I. 842: 1842) by Desvignes from three specimens from Bewdley Forest. Bewdley is in Worcestershire but Wyre Forest extends into §.E. Shropshire. It was afterwards recorded from N. Wales by Ashworth (Zooloyist, p. 4814) and on 2nd June, 1883 from Needwood Forest, near Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire, by Sang (E.M.M. XX. 41-42: 1882). In Meyrick’s Revised Handbook it is noted only from Worcestershire, Staffordshire and N. Wales.’ It was. therefore interesting to find an unnamed specimen of this species in CURRENT NOTES. 35 the late Mr. A. L. Rayward’s collection of Microlepidoptera, this speci- | men being labelled as having been taken by him at Minehead, Somerset, on 26th June, 1934, as this locality indicates a considerable extension of its known range in England. ‘The larva has been recorded to feed in decayed wood and under dead bark of oak and beech. This species may therefore be expected to occur in our Gloucestershire beech woods and in other suitable localities in south England. On the Continent S. yrandis has been recorded from France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria and Carinthia. The moth is stated to fly in the warm sunshine, from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. (sun time), at the end of May and in June, in N. Wales.—T. Barnsrices-FLercuer, Rodborough, Glos., 15th February, 1936. GURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICKS. Some twelve months ago the death of the well-known versatile artist J. C. Dollman, was announced at the age of 84. In one part of his life he was an enthusiastic entomologist, but pressure of work and interests in other subjects prevailed and he gave his collection to the British Museum. Our late editor possessed a very beautifully executed drawing of the larva and pupae of Daphnis merit, which was reproduced in vol. LV. of British Lepidoptera facing p. 489. The Collection of British Lepidoptera of the late Mr. R. H. Barker of Hull is at the Municipal Museum, Hull. It is contained in two cabinets and among other species there is a specimen of Chrysophanus dispar and a fine series of the very local clouded form of Abraxas sylvata, now said to be extinct in the district. In the last part of the Ann. Soc. ent. France is published the 4th and last portion of ‘‘ Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the Pyrenees,” which was commenced in 1982. We regret to learn that only a few weeks ago the author, M. J. P. Rondou, passed away at the age of 76, before seeing this final portion of his work published. This section deals with the Pyrales and Micros. M. Léon Lhomme, the editor of Amateur de Papillons, having finished the Macro-lepidoptera in his ‘Catalogue des Lépid. de France,” has just issued the first 164 pages dealing with the Micros, carrying out his intention not to publish in small parts but in larger sections. It deals with the Phycitinae, Crambinae, Schoenobtinae, Aglossinae, Nymphulinae, Scopartinae, Pyraustinae and Gallertidae. Dr. Martin Hering, who for some years has been investigating the life-histories of mining larvae, and at intervals has distributed a very valuable Herbarium of mined leaves, has begun the issue in parts of a volume Die Blatt-Minen Mittel und Nord-Europas. There will be 6 parts which will comprise over 500 text figures and 7 plates. The arrangement is analytical throughout on a plant basis. Abies, with 5 species: Acer, with 20 species: Achillea, with 14 species ; and so on. Our good friend Dr. Walther Horn is issuing in 2 parts a second .and much enlarged edition of a List of the final destination of all the collections of Insecta of all Orders over the whole world. A valuable volume of reference in years to come. ‘The first part contains 16 plates of figures’of labels in the handwriting of a very large number of world known collectors. The publication, through the pages of Lambillionea, of Addenda and 36 ENTOMOLOGISL S RECORD. 15.111.1936 _ Supplement to the “ Catalogue of the Lépidoptéres de Belgique,” begun by the late M. J. Lambillion, has now been completed and forms an excellent book of local reference. In the 1934 Report of the Smithsonian Institute U.S.A. recently received, the only article which specifically interests us is that on “ Arctic Butterflies” by A. H. Clark. It is illustrated by 7 plates with many figures. The facts collected and the sonclusions arrived at show that wherever conditions are sufficiently moderate for vegetation, there will the Lepidoptera be found, although winter temperature may go as low as 60° below zero, if few days of summer sun allows a period with- out frost at night. The volume of Seitz dealing with American Bombyces is rapidly nearing conclusion and will when completed comprise considerably over 1000 pages with nearly 200 plates. The volumes dealing with African Noctuae and African Geometers have been commenced. This colossal work was commenced in 1906 and 17 volumes were projected, 4 (Rhopalocera, Bombyces, Noctuides and Geometers) for each continent, and 1 for general entomological information. Of these volumes no less than 9 have been completed with 2 of four supplement- ary volumes subsequently added. A meeting of the Entomological Club was held at 332, Great West Road, Heston, Middlesex, at 7.20 p.m. on the 11th December, 1935, Mr. Horace Donisthorpe in the Chair. Members present in addition to the Chairman :—Mr. Jas. EK. Collin, Mr. R. W. Lloyd. Visitors present :—Rev. E. B. Ashby, Mr. R. B. Benson, Mr. de A. Donisthorpe, Dr. Karl Jordan, Mr. J. F. Perkins, Mr. W. Rait-Smith, and Capt. N. D. Riley. A very pleasant and entertaining evening was spent.— H. Wittovesrsy-Euuis, Hon. Secretary. The Verrall Supper meeting, under the suspices of The Entomo- logical Club, was held at the Holborn Restaurant on 14th January, 19386. The meeting was called for 6.80 when the usual conversazione was held in the reception room, and supper was served at 8 o’clock—Mr. H. Donisthorpe in the chair. 174 acceptances of the invitations issued were received and 172 sat down for dinner. This was four less than last year and there were some noticeable absentees. Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker, who has always taken so much interest in the gathering, was unable to come. Mr. F. W. Frohawk, who has not missed an attendance for 45 years, was. unfortunately still too ill to be present, and Sir E. B. Poulton, who is the sole survivor of those who were invited to the first supper given by Mr. Verrall in 1887, was absent abroad. After the toast of the King and the silent toast of Mr. Verrall, the founder, the guests freely intermingled at the tables and continued to spend a most enjoyable evening. The gathering continues to be very successful and it is understood that a considerable number of Entomologists are anxious to join the gathering and become subscribers, and it is necessary here to state that no invitations can be issued without first applying to Mr. J. E. Collin of Raylands, Newmarket, the Verrall Supper Member of the Entomo- logical Club, who is responsible for the whole of the organization. Appreciation was expressed on all hands of the excellent arrange- ments which were very complete, and Mr. Collin is to be congratulated on the great success of the gathering which every year is due to his forethought and organisation. 172 were present.—H.W.-I. Ali MS. and EDI'TORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. ‘orner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents nor to send us communications IDENTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS. Articles that require InLusTRarions are inserted on condition that the AuTHOoR defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. They should be sent to Mr, Hy. J. Turner, ‘' Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam, Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection ; list sent.—R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicates.—Albimacula*, sparganii*. Desiderata.—Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘‘ Aurago,”’ ; Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, lanthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey. Desiderata.—Urgently wanted for research work at the Royal College of Science, Pupae normal form of Hemerophila abruptaria. Duplicates.—Pupae of var. fuscata of the same species offered in exchange.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Desiderata.—M. aurinia (artemis) Larva English, Irish and Scotch. Duplicates.—Numerous, Ova, Larva, Pupa and Imagines.—H. W. Head, Burniston, Scarborough. Duplicates.—Argyunis liauteyi, Chrysophanus phoebus, Albulina ellisoni and many rare species from Syria and Morocco. Desiderata.—Rare British and European Macro-lepidoptera, especially Zygaenidae, Arctiidae, Agrotidae.—R. EH. Ellison, Moccas Rectory, Hereford. Desiderata.—Certain common Bombyces from Scotland, Ireland and Cornwall. -Sanio, Rubi, Trifolii, Potatoria, etc., during the year. Duplicates.—Numerous. Please send list.—B. W. Adkin, Highfield, Pembury, Kent. CHancz or Appress.—Dr. Malcolm Burr, The Hermitage, Dorney, Windsor. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. Entomological Society of London.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensington, S.W.7. 8p.m. March 18th. April Ist. The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. March 26th. April 9th—Hon. Secretary, 8. N. A. Jacobs, ‘‘ Ditchling,’’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. The London Natural History Society.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the _ month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. See. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. Entomological Section, Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical es Society.—Evening Meetings. On the third Monday of each month; 7.45 p.m., at 55, Newhall Street, Birmingham. Visitors welcomed. Those who would like to attend or 7 exhibit please apply to—P. Siviter Smith, Pebworth, Stratford-on-Avon. IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL A MAGAZINE OF oS se is NATURAL HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES AND ETHNOLOGY — Published every Two Months Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.I.A., M. B. Q. ace ge Assisted by Sectional Editors. 2 Anne Subscription, 6/- post free. Single Parte /s All communications to be addressed to: — Ww. M. CRAWFORD, B.A., F.R.ES., F.ZS. Hon. S ORISSA, MARLBOROUGH oe SOUTH, SEBeAR Communications have been received from or have . Dr. Verity, Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, Hq Wi Hy. J. Turner, D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. eae T: Greer, T Fletcher, R. E. Ellison, P. Haig Thomas, O. Querci, Rev. E. B, Ashby (late), H ) S. G. Castle-Russell, T. E. Marriner, Dr. Malcolm Burr, Capt. Cc. oe ‘Pa ons, - Wiltshire and eps of Societies. a “. Latemar,” 25, West Drive, Cheam. IMPORTANT oo BAGK VOLUMES OF ae = 7a The Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Vat (Yale. L-XXXVL) GONTENTS OF You t t. (Most important only mentioned. ee Genus Acronycta and its allies. —Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 Differentiation of Melitaea athalia, parthenie, and aurelia—The Doubl Parthenogenesis— Paper on “Taeniocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Parallel Variation in Deoeiee ey of Argynnis dei var. po Captures at light—Aberdeenshire notes, ete., ete., 360 pp. GONTENTS OF VOL. I. MELANISM AND Mar snoasneisa— iapliasrashp ome on Gallatin: - Vanration (many)—How to breed Agrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Taentocar —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amp. prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Differenti: theeias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwieh, Sidmouth, 8S. London—! clature and the Acronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepi on Genus Zyam@na (dntheepera) Hype mene ae derasa, ete., etc., 312 pp. Se ; “3 - To be obtained from— Mr. H. E. PAGE, 9, Vanbrugh Hill, Blackheath, London, 8, to whom Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable: Rae es Archer & Co., Printers, 35, Avondale Square, London, SE1 SEN Be Subscriptions for Vol. aaa 936) are now due. Vol. XLVIII. Matcoutm Bork, D.S8c., F.R.E.S. H. DontstHORPE, F-Z.8., F.R.E.S. Rey. C. R. N. Burrows, F.R.£.S. T. BainpricGe FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., HK. A. Cockayne, A.M., D.M., F.R.E.S., F.Z.8., F.R.E.S. ¥.B.0-P. H. E. Paas, F.R.E.8. J. K. Coun, J.P., ¥.R.E.S. ALFRED SICH, F.R.¥.S. Rev. G. WHEELER, M.A., ¥.B.E.8., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus.—G. T. BretTHuNE-BAKER, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. By Henry J. TURNER, F.2.4.8., F.2.H.S., Editorial Secretary. CONTENTS. Early Appearance of L. adustata, (Capt.) C. Q. Parsons ; Tepidopters at Light i in ee Id. ; Neuron in A. vesticialis, Id.; Wasps ee - oe ae ee. oe . II (37)-(40) | Eabsrription for Complete Volume, post free * See TEN SHILLINGS. “to The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., 6, oe Road, Eltham, 8.E.9. Watkins & Doncaster (ESTABLISHED 1879) CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED Tae by the Collector, at keenest Prices a Large stocks always maintained for quick service. Full ~ Catalogue post free per return 3 Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of the World.’’ - 36, Strand, London, W.C.2., England 4 p.0. Box. Nosahel| 6 |, TELEPHONE—TEMPLE BAR 9451 ( | Oe) \ pope oc ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINET 3 . J. J. HILL & SON, MANUFACTURERS, uy YEWFIBLD ROAD, N.W.10. ’Phone: WILLESDEN 0309. rs Specialists in interchangeable unit systems. 4 Specifications and Prices sent post free on application. a 3 THE: VASCULUM § The North Country Quarterly a of Science and Local History. 5, EDITED BY ? The Rev. J. E. HULL, M.A., D.Sc., Belford Vicarage, Northumberland, ee assisted by A. W. Bartlett, M.A., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, D.Sc., Se = F.L.S., William Carter, F. C. Garrett, D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D.Sc., ; F-L.S., Je W. H2 Harrison; D.Sc. F.R:S., A: Raistrick, M-Ses Phe: i Ges 4 J. A. Smythe, D. Sco Georce Vr Demseien 34 The Vasculum is now in its twenty-first volume, the annual subscription is five shillings 5 and should be sent to ites WILLIAM CARTER, 13, Kimberley Gardens, Newonéblecon- mae = a : a A Work which opens up a new World to the Naturalist, a, and one that is worthy of more attention. FE: THE SPIDERS 3 | 3 = and Allied Orders of the British Isles. ae By THEODORE H. SAVORY, M.A. : ; With 63 Figures in Colour by Florence M. Brummitt 5 Be also 130 half-tone plates and 61 diagrams in the text, fe a i Price 10/6 net. aeithy eo F. WARNE & Go., Ltd., London, W.C.2 | “ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD” Publications. List of British Geometers: with named varieties and synonyms. By ye Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S. .. Price, one copy, 1s. Od. ; two, 1s. 6d. , Supplement to Tutt’s British Noctuae, Vol. I. By Hy. J. TURNER, erg F.R.E.S., F.R.H.8. (Vol. II in course). 10s. 6d-c5 Hiibner’s Tentamen and Verzeichniss. Collated by ‘the late J. H. ex. Durrant, F.R.E.S. (a few copies only) é; 8s. 00st British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By i ye 6d es Anprews, F.R.E -. With Supplement od. Back Volumes, Nos. = 47 of Ent. Record, new series; including Special Index. i A ia Price, per vol. 12s. 6d. To be obtained oat free rune H. W. Ausaawrs, 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, 8. E. 9, : Entomological Congress, Cambridge, 1936. i i i ee er a a Berets wesc rere r sensors secesscsera senses sees eses tesa seneeeseer eraser eess ee eereerstsreessessatseressaesenree HE SOCIETY FOR BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY announce that they have accepted an invitation from the CAM- BRIDGE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY to hold the 1936 Congress in the City of CAMBRIDGE. The dates selected are from the evening of the 26th to the 29th June, 1936, and a cordial invitation to attend the Congress is extended to all persons of either sex who are interested in any aspect of British Entomology. Pra ehirams 1) SCAcF sR cF.LRES., University Reader in Entomology, President of the Society for 1936, will preside, and will deliver his Presidential Address. A number of interesting Papers will be read and discussed; the collections of the University Museum, and the Exhibits brought to the Congress will be available for inspection ; there will be a Conversazione; a Dinner and two Luncheons in College Halls; a Field Meeting at Wicken Fen with an a/ fresco Tea; and perhaps other items. Visitors are invited to bring Exhibits, for the display of which facilities will be provided in the University Museum ; it is suggested that exhibits might be selected to illustrate work which the exhibitor has in hand. Any person having a matter of importance which they wish to bring before the Congress should let the Hon. Secretary have particulars at the earliest possible moment. The Council will endeavour to provide an opportunity for this to be done, and if desired for a Resolution on such matter to be voted upon. Accommodation in College buildings or in Lodging-houses (for both sexes, but separately) will be available at low rates, and may be reserved when completing the Form of Applica- tion to be issued with the Programme. The cost of attending the Congress need only therefore be small. A detailed Programme with full particulars and directions will be available shortly, and a copy will be sent to any name and address on receipt of a postcard. The Hon. Secretary will be pleased to answer enquiries, and to render every pos- sible assistance. The Council hope that every British Entomologist who can do so will attend the Congress so that it may be thoroughly representative. Write for particulars to :— B RIVENHALE GOFFE, Hon. Sees, 102, HIGH STREET, SOUTHAMPTON. 4 iN hd [ A ‘ t i 4 ‘ 2 4 4 { ; i ‘ + j : i = eur 4% ¥* r % | ‘ wi x sh Or 2 } 4 ae ie ay a 2 noe A rh "a tj ¥ - i ; ye Tay a 1 hal ie We ns e y ~ ai i Tee Mtge ad 4 debe deve {hs dp dale peycreapenne By! Trek Pa PEF la « ead * a0e ® ON ee eek Ae CRETE ea ‘ Us Wide ' _ j i é x tf ? the: 4 LS Bieta ‘ 4) A Pi t it , Coe ne % ] v ¥ i Lee Ww “ : Jia ee f : ‘ot sy " , ; : Sete Eh 7 U ee nA « pte F : q tealt 4 v Pik r a £ “~~ 4 n Ve ep oen oea ; pir iy sons Pia : wml i ¢ eS cy eh ‘i ee ns iy u 4 ; { " Pury 4 1s » t Cte T's oe i we De ga . 3 ws 4 lt Mrs ‘ - ie . * + i yy Lid r p i +e . 3 ¢ ae: ’ 1 r| *e, - \e f - ‘ : h . 7 + ‘ } j rf : w Pixs 7 i Wi P r ¢ | ' * } ha = ¥ i? F i ml , : Rei : Pan 1 my " ; ; a iw ¥3 n . “bates " ; be ao i j y n ’ "4 , . 4 > . i ‘ F 4 ' ant ¥ , i Lin a af Re Oe a4 i Ate Wie, Ree A y ; f : ; { hut s J g a ( fi i ; 4 e 5 An Pees i ‘ n oul { i n : aie ; > : 4 f i - ‘a Ra 4 *~ a q ry ; ry ’ "i 7 A ") * ‘ oY 6 Sale aid 2 9 Py A sf A ; - \ v " v A | % s ‘Vibe “h i, » ee ‘ ra m4 j ‘ Y £4) wow A’. eles g “f f 'P Aae wh AY, Sa, ap ae t hy as Wy "I 7 ie P ey | YY aed pe ee 8 A ary ‘ 1 yee Tae Feose } ; de De » 4 Bie ina eh a Ae h aH : ‘ . % a ‘ oe i be ‘ f ‘Kd ’ rt Le 4 ; ' { t v y ‘ i / ( ‘i K BB | ’ * Yo ‘ baie en, a ee at hae, | “ RY TE wi: Ye jc'3 Sale : . : / - ne Y A a i ie é i ; yh ( ave Me oe ni : an Rite A eae EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ‘ON PIERIS BRASSICAE. 37 Effects of the Temperature on the Development of Pieris brassicae, L. By ORAZIO QUERCI. | My wife, who since 1896 has followed the joys and sorrows of my entomological “‘ game,”’ reared the larvae, observing their lives. I. Recorps Concerning THE DEVELOPMENT IN PortTUGAL. (1) In November and December, 1932 (mean temperature 55° to 60° F’.) some Pieris brassicae, L. were on the wing laying eggs. (2) On 16th December we took a cabbage with more than a hundred larvae, which we reared in cages. At the beginning of January (max. 59°, min. 46°) those larvae grew and matured slowly. (3) Only six larvae, kept in direct sunshine, pupated with uy from 2nd to 5th January (max. 58°, min. 50°). (4) All the other larvae died from the Ee of Mivrogaster glomeratus, L. (5) From. January to 6th March (rarely max. 60°) no pupae emerged. On 7th and 9th March (max. 60° to 63°) two pupae produced males and both sexes emerged on the 13th and 15th (max. 64°, min. 50°). In the country, in spite of the parasites, a large emergence occurred from 5th February to 13th April and some worn adults flew until the 21st. (6) From 8th February to 11th March we put into cages, with oe food-plants, some females which laid a few eggs, but these did not hatch although the weather was fine. On 12th March a female laid many eggs both in the morning (50°) and afternoon (55°). From 13th to 19th the maximum varied between 56° and 64°; on the 20th (max. 67°) the eggs turned dark and on the 21st (63° to 70°) they hatched sradually during the whole day. (7) The larvae had hatched by day but not at the same time and they stopped, to change their skin, at different hours of each day on which they moulted. From 22nd to 380th March the daily tempera- ture varied between 68° and 49°, being over 55° from about 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., and in this period the larvae moulted in a few hours. (8) Other larvae, which commenced to moult after 2 p.m., were caught by the cold before they had time to change and remained dor- mant until the day following. From the longer pause without feeding they grew less than the others of the same batch. . (9) On 81st March (66°) the larvae were very active and those, which, not becoming dormant, had grown more rapidly, became full-fed. (10) On Ist April it was about 54° for the whole day and the larvae which matured became dormant. They hung up on the drd (70°) but needed two days to form brown pupae. (11) Most larvae, which matured on 8rd to 6th April (above 65° for several hours every day), hung up at once and formed green pupae in a few hours. (12) From 2nd to 6th April, 583 both green and brown chrysalids were formed in our cages. (13) The bright green pupae which were formed rapidly on 5th April (max. 71°) emerged on the 20th and 21st while other green pupae, formed more slowly on the 2nd (64°), produced adults on the 23rd. 38 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. . 15.LV.1936 (14) From 20th to 23rd April (max. 70°, min. 49°) 19 green pupae emerged at home. On the 24th it was 75° with high vapour pressure and any emergence ceased for a week. ‘The last six green chrysalids in our cages produced adults at the beginning of May when the maxi- mum decreased to 62°. From 6th to J1th May, although the climate was suitable, no other brassicae emerged from the brown pupae which had remained in our cages. Afterwards it was very hot. (15) On 20th May we went to Spain where the brown pupae emerged from 14th September to 12th October, after that the intense heat had ended. (16) Around Lisbon the second brood began to emerge 16 days later than at home and we cannotexplain why that happened. Some adults were on the wing from 6th to 11th May and the emergence ceased as soon as the heat rose suddenly to 85°. (17) The home-born brassicae did not mate in our cages, but a female taken in the country laid about 80 eggs on 8th May (max. 70°, min. 57°) which hatched on the 13th (max. 84°). (18) Those larvae grew rapidly; however, on the 17th it was 89° and all of them rotted. II. Recorps Concerning THE DEVELOPMENT IN GREECE. (19) At Salonika the early brood adults were on the wing from 21st March to 21st April and a female laid many eggs from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. on 28rd March (60° to 70°). Afterwards the weather was fine for a week but on the 80th it turned cold. In spite of that some eggs hatched in the morning (52°) and the others in the afternoon (48°) of that day. (20) On Ist April it snowed (min. 31°); the young larvae became dormant and turned active on the 3rd (55°). (21) From 6th to 9th April the temperature varied daily between 68° and 45°; some larvae moulted in a few hours (record 7), others in about a day (record 8), and the former became bigger than most of the same batch. (22) On 11th April it was a little hot (79°) with high vapour pres- sure and the larvae were caught by stupor. On the day following (max. 71°) they became active. (23) On 20th April it was about 64°, with low vapour pressure, for the whole day, and the larvae were very active. (24) On 22nd April (about 60° for the whole day) the growing larvae remained active while those which matured became dormant. On the 28rd we put the dormant larvae in direct sunshine (85° to 92°) and they hung up in the afternoon (67° in the shade). After suspension they delayed to pupate until the afternoon of the 24th (70°) taking about 54 hours, since they had become full-fed, to form brown pupae. (25) Three larvae matured at noon of 23rd April (67°) and hung up at once but later the heat decreased and they remained inactive and formed green pupae, in about 23 hours before noon (70°) of the 24th. Other larvae matured on the 25th and 26th (69° to 74°) and formed bright green pupae in almost 6 hours. On 28th April (max. 74°, min. 50°) seven larvae, which had delayed longer than the others to grow, hung up and pupated in 10 to 12 hours. << EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON PIBRIS BRASSICAE. 39 (26) At the beginning of May it was on an average max. 68°, min. 46°; on the 9th the heat increased (73°) and the day following some bright green pupae emerged. On the 12th it was 76° and the pupae suspended to produce adults, but afterwards, until the 18th, the maximum varied from 68° to 74°, reaching only once and for a short time to 76°, and all the chrysalids in our cages, even the brown ones, emerged. They had been produced by the eggs laid on March 28rd and had met with the best climatic conditions from 13th to 18th May. In the country, eggs were laid until 21st April (record 19) and the last formed pupae, being altered by 83° heat on 19th May and again by 90° heat on the 27th and 29th, should have remained dormant, as occurred at Lisbon (records 14, 15, 16). (27) From 10th to 16th May we kept in a large cage, with flowery foodplants and at moderate radiant heat, about a hundred home-born brassicae and only two females mated laying very few eggs, which did not hatch. Afterwards we went to collect every day into the country and had no more time to rear larvae. III. Generat Concwusions. (The figures in parentheses refer to the records.) Eggs.—Some females taken in the country laid upon the plants in our cages more than a hundred eggs on a day (6, 17, 19); others died without laying. The home-born females rarely mated (17, 27) and the few eges which they laid never hatched. Ata medium heat the eggs hatched after nine days; when the heat increased they hatched after either seven or five days (6, 17, 19).* Growing Larvae.—Below 50° they became dormant and turned active only when the heat increased (20); between 50° and 77° they were more or less able to feed; above 77° they were caught by temporary stupor (22) and above 87° they collapsed (18). Moulting Larvae.—To change their skin the larvae needed a higher temperature than that at which they were able to feed. At 60° to 88° they changed in a short time and between 55° and 60° they changed at a slower rate (7, 21,23). Either below 55° or above 838° they became dormant, turning active when the climate became suitable, and moult- ing in about a day (8, 21, 22). That happened in any moult and the larvae, which most often became dormant, were the last, in any batch, to become full-fed. Mature Larvae.—The full-grown larvae needed to hang up at a still higher tempevature than that at which they were able to moult. Be- tween 63° and 85° they hung up after a more or less short time (11, 25), but if it was below 63° after the larvae matured they became dormant and turned active as soon as the Climate was suitable (10, 24). Suspended Larvae.—When the temperature remained for some time above 65° after the larvae had suspended, those, which had avoided * For other species of polygenetic (Scudder) butterflies we have remarked that only the adults of the early broods among them mated, while those of the last broods mated, but in mixed relation. In Morocco we had in a cage more than 200 pure-line Pieris rapae, L., of the fifth brood and none mated in spite of the fine weather. In Pennsylvania some Papilio polyxenes, I"., both of the third and fourth broods emerged altogether, in separate cages, at mid-September, 1932, and did not mate; however, they paired when we exchanged the males. 40 SADIE, ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1V.1936 becoming dormant in a mature stage, shed their skin without difficulty and formed green pupae (11, 25); however, if the heat decreased below the point of pupation the suspended larvae remained inactive until the heat increased and they formed either green or brown pupae in accordance with the duration of the inactivity in the suspended stage. Even in the most suitable climatic condition, the larvae which had been weakened by becoming dormant in a mature stage delayed longer to recover and to form brown pupae (8, 10, 24). _ Remarks.—The figures which we record as to be the limits of activity and vitality of the growing, moulting, mature and suspended larvae are not absolute. They refer to caterpillars reared generally in the shade, because when the cages were put in direct sunshine the larvae became very excited above 100°. In the country the matter should be different and more complex from the effects of the radiant heat, wind, humidity, nebulosity and grade of intensity of the vegetation, but, with the poor means at our disposal, we have not been able to study the influence of those factors. Active Pupae.—The green pupae, formed in a short time, were the earliest to emerge in any of our broods. Sometimes they produced adults in about a fortnight (13, 26). Dormant Pupae.—The brown pupae, formed with difficulty by the weakened larvae (3, 10, 24) emerged after the green ones when the temperature remained long below 77° (26). Altered Pupae.—At 75° or 76°, if other climatic factors were favourable, both the active (green) and dormant (brown) pupae delayed to produce adults. ‘he altered green pupae turned active when the climate settled at a suitable range (14) and when the temperature remained long at the optimum range both the green and brown pupae produced adults (26). As the result of a further alteration the brown pupae remained the whole summer in a dormant state and emerged in the fall (14, 15, 26). Adults. More or less active pupae were formed in any batch together with the dormant ones (10, 11, 12, 24, 25) and the chrysalids which delayed longer to emerge were often -altered by the changes of climate (14, 26). The different initial grade of activity of the pupae and the ines alterations of some of them produce the scattered emergence of adults of any batch. At Lisbon, in 19383, the early brood of brassicae emerged gradually during 68 days (5). Some pupae of the second brood emerged for six days in May, the others delayed emergence until the fall (16). A third brood was able to develop, because in autumn the climate is very lovely in Southern Portugal. Both in 1927 and 1982 we collected there and took some fresh brassicae until the beginning of December (1). At Salonika the first brood was on the wing for a month (19); the second for about a fortnight in May (26) and again for almost ten days in September. Afterwards pupae of a third brood were formed but we did not notice their emergence. + Amongst the caterpillars, which we have reared, those of some Papilio and Pieris brassicae withstood better a period of remaining dormant. The mature larvae of other butterflies and moths scarcely ever recovered after being dormant about a day. { The dormant (brown) pupae of the Huchloé and some Papilio never emerged in the year in which they were tormed. All those which we have handled went over thé winter, and sometimes they emerged after two years. SOME CUMBERLAND SAWFLIES. 41 Controi of the Abundance.—The larvae of brassicae resisted the cold better than those of the other Pierinae, which we have reared. The heat killed all the larvae of the third brood which hatched in May (18) and the species was carried on by the dormant pupae (14, 15, 26). Those which pupated in the open country should have died when, in summer, the temperature of the barren soil reached sometimes 150°, according to the data of the Weather Bureau, and only the chrysalids lying in the most sheltered and moist places were able to resist. In winter the pupae were not injured by the cold either at Lisbon (min. 32°) or Salonika (min. 28°). The climatic factors would not be sufficient to balance the great fertility of brassicae and a severe control is effected by the parasites which kill the larvae (4), and by the ants and other insects which eat the pupae. ® Some Cumberland Sawflies. By T. F. MARRINER. This has no pretension of being regarded as a County List. It is merely an account of such sawflies as I have come across whilst hunting Coleoptera. The area covered in my outings is enclosed by a line from the coast near Maryport through Penrith to the Pennines, along the Northumberland and the Scottish Border lines to the Solway. This is the northern plain of the county. The collecting dates from 1921 to a couple of years ago. During a portion of that period I lived not far from the late Mr. G. B. Routledge and I was his companion and pupil on many a pleasant excursion. It was, indeed, Mr. Routledge who originally advised me to take such insects as bees, sawflies, etc., as I came across them, and he advised me as to where I could get my captures named. To him, to Dr. Perkins and others I owe a deep debt of gratitude for kindly help and encouragement. When I came to go over my little collection of the Sawflies for the purpose of writing up a list for the Hint. Record, | found that, since some of my captures had been named for me, changes had taken place and that some, at any rate, of my names were out of date. None of our local entomologists could help me and I wrote to Mr. Hy. J. Turner pointing out my difficulty, and asking for advice. Mr. Turner has very kindly offered to put me right and I am very grateful to him. Neurotoma flaviventris, Retz.—This I have come across on one or two occasions and have also bred from larvae taken from the webs where they congregate. Pamphilius silvarum, Steph.—Fairly common in the Brampton area where, along with Pamphilius hortorum, Kl.—May be netted on the wing in June. Pamphilius depressus, Schrnk.—Not so common. Have only taken the ?. Cimbex femorata, L.—I have ncver seen this but include it on account of an interesting old-time record. Mr. T. C. Heysham took it at Carlisle in 1835. Sirex gigas, Iu.—I have this from three areas of the county, widely apart. I took one at Heads Nook in the east in 1925, one at Floriston in the north in 1928, and had a specimen sent to me from the vicarage 42 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1V.1986 garden at Drigg in the south west, in 1930. Curiously enough all these are °. 3 Sirex noctilio, Fb.—Of this I have two specimens, a fine g brought to me from a Carlisle timber yard, and a ? found among some fire- wood logs bought from a timber yard. These are doubtless specimens imported to the area. Trichiosoma latreillet, Leach.—I came across this on one or two occasions at Cumwhitton in 1925 and took both $ and @. Trichiosoma tibiale, Steph.—Fairly common in some years on hawthorn but have only taken 3. | Abia sericea, l1.—Near Tarn Lodge, 1925, on Devil’s Bit Sceabious (Scabiosa succisa, L.). Abia fasciata, L.—Fairly common but not so often seen as the pre- ceding species. Arge ustulata, L.—I very often came across this in July. Lophyrus pini, L.—Seems fairly frequent on Scots fir. L. sertifer, Geoffr.—Often met with in our pine woods. Trichiocampus ulmi, L.—Only one or two specimens, taken at Floriston, north of Carlisle 1921. Croesus septentrionalis, L.—Does not seem to be common nor to have any special plant. Got by sweeping low herbage near Lanercost. Holcocneme erichsoni, Htg.—Fairly frequent on Larch trees. Nematinus fuscipennis, Lep. (abdominalis, Panz.)—Found occasionally here on alder. Nematinus acuminatus, C_—On birch, Cumwbhitton 1925. Pteronidea ribesit, Scop.—Too common in some years. In 1914 the gooseberry bushes in some gardens to the north of Carlisle were practically rendered leafless by this. Pteronidea myosotidis, F._-Appears to be much rarer than the pre- ceding species. Pteronidea oligospila, Forst.—Not so plentiful as the last two species, but not rare. Amauronematus histrio, Lep., and A. viduatus, Zett.—Only taken in one locality, near Lanercost. Pachynematus clitellatus, Lep. (capreae, Pnz.) (=imperfectus, Zadd.), P. xanthocarpus, Htg., P. vagus, F. (=leucogaster, Htg.)—Of each of these I have only single specimens. Pristophora pallipes, Lep.—Appears to be widely spread though no- where very common. Lygaeonematus mollis, Htg.—This does not appear to be a common species with us. Fenusa pumila, Kl. (pygmaea, Kl.) (=betulae, C.)—Fairly common but apparently local. Calirsa (Eriocampotdes) limacina, Retz.—A very rare species here apparently. Holocampa testudinea, Klug.—Swept among rushes, Cumwhitton, 1925. Mesonenura opaca, F. (= Dineura verna, C.)—Near Dalston, 1923. Periclista albida, Kl. (melanocephala, F.)—One specimen in my garden at Kingstown near Carlisle, 1931. Tomosthetus luteiventris, Kl. (= fuscipennis, C.)— Got fairly commonly when sweeping among rushes, Cumwhitton, 1925, Dalston, 1923. SOME CUMBERLAND SAWFLIES. 43 Athalia lineolata, Lep. (=rosae, Kl.)—On Bugle (Ajuga reptans) and other low growing plants in Netherby woods, 1980. Selandria serva, F.—Met with in several localities in June. Selandria strammeipes, Kl.—Scaleby, 1922. Strongylogaster lineata, Christ. (cingulata, Fb.)—Have only taken the @ of this, but it appears to be fairly common among bracken in various localities here. Stromboceros delicatulus, Fall.—This pretty but frail looking species also occurs among bracken here, but is not so commonly met with as the last named species. Empria (Poecilosoma) liturata, Gmel. (=submutica, C.)—I have only taken one specimen of this. Allantus (Emphytus) togatus, Pnz. (=succinctus, Kl.) and A. (Emphytus) calceatus, K1.—Both taken sparingly while A. (Hmphytus) pallipes, Spm. (grossularia, Kl.)—seems fairly common in every part of the area. Taxonus agrorum, Fall.—In some years this is fairly common on Germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys) in June. Ametastegia (Tamxonus) globratus, Fall.—Probably our commonest sawfly for it appears in the sweep net at almost any time between June and September. Loderus vestigialis, Kl.—Is rather local in occurrence but quite plentiful where it is found on sallows in May. Dolerus madidus, Kl. (=lateritius, C.)—Seems to be rather scarce. Dolerus pratensis, L.—A few specimens swept among long grass, along with Dolerus gonager, F., in May and June. Dolerus palustris, Kl. and Dolerus puncticollis, Thoms., were taken at Scaleby in 1980. _ Dolerus haematodes, Sch.—One of our largest species; was fairly common in 1921, but I have no later record of it. Dolerus picipes, K1.—Seems to be fairly common and widely distri- buted in the area. Dolerus aeneus, Htg. (=elongatus, C.)—Not scarce. Sciopteryx costalis, F—Armathwaite, 1925. Rhogogaster punctulata, Kl1.—This stands out as my only sawfly capture during 1924, which was a very bad collecting year in the area, with very few days when collecting outings were possible. Rhogogaster fulvipes, Scop, (=lateralis, C.)—Got on two occasions from aspen in June. | Rhouoyaster aucuparice, Kl. (=gibbosa, C.\—Not a common species with me. Rhogogaster viridis, L.—Thig seems to be one of the commonest species here. Pachyprotasis variegata, Fall.—Apparently very rare. Have only taken one specimen. Pachyprotasis rapae, L.— Fairly common. Macrophya punctum-album, L.—A pretty little insect, which I have occasionally got from privet in June and July. All my specimens are @. Macrophya albicincta, Schrnk.—Two specimens from alder near Carlisle in June, 1982. Tenthredo (Allantus) scrophulariae, L.—This pretty wasp-like insect is not scarce here. 44 -ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1V.1936 TT. (Allantus) arcuata, Forst.—Fairly common on umbelliferous plants in August. T. (Aliantus) amoenus, Gray. (=cingulum, C.).—Apparently very rare. Have only taken the g. Tenthredella temula, Scop. (=bicineta, F.).—Not rare. _ Tenthredella olivacea, Htg.—The commonest species of the genus here. -Tenthredella mesomelas, Ju.—Wreay, 1921. _ Tenthredella colon, Kl.—Have only taken a 9? here. Tenthredella atra, Li.—Have only taken var. dispar, Klug. myself although Mr. G. B. Routledge told me he had taken the type form. Tenthredella moniliata, K1.—Not uncommonly met with. Tenthredella livida, L.— Cameacross this on several occasions in 1921- 1928, but have not seen it since. Tenthredella balteata, K1— Somewhat scarce, in my experience. Tenthredopsis literata, Geoff.—Have only one g but the two 9 forms var. cordata, Geoff. and var. femoralis, C. appear to be fairly common. Tenthredopsis coquerbertii, Kl., T. thornleyi, Kn., T. inornata. Cam., and T’. tristis, Steph., are none of them scarce. Scope for our Orthopterists. By MALCOLM BURR, D.Sc., F B.E.S. It is about a century since an unquestioned addition has been made to our meagre list of indigenous Orthoptera. Including one or two questionable cases, we cannot claim more than 30 species, to which we may add 5 earwigs. In France north of Paris there are just about double as many, one or two of which may be with us, and even little Holland has over 50. But even if we do not add any species, we may at least know some- this more about the distribution of those we have got. If we take a line from the mouth of the Severn to the Wash, there are out of the 85 only 18 species recorded. Kleven of our species are recorded only south of a line joining the Seyern and the Thames estuaries. For Wales I can find records of 15 species, of Ireland 11, of the Isle of Man 4, and of Scotland only 11, of which one or two are doubtful. | No Blattids yet from Ireland or Scotland; no crickets from Wales ; of our 10 Tettiqonidae Scotland has but one little ‘ewe lamb,” a single specimen—storm-bound specimen—of L. punctatissima from the extreme south-west. J am sure there are several species in Scotland, but they require looking for. Ireland has 2. Much of our ignorance is due not to poverty, but to neglect of the few things we have got. I am convinced that that meagre 18 from north of the Severn- Wash line could be substantially increased. Even in our relatively rich and well-worked south, some of the most charac- teristic species have not yet been recorded from Somerset and Wiltshire. I have recently been plotting on the map our known distribution of the Orthoptera, and find that those two counties are usually white islands in a sea. of pink. That reproach should be removed in the coming season. WM. grossus, G. rufus, St. lineatus, Ch. albomarginatus _ SCOPE FOR OUR ORTHOPTERISTS. 45 and Acrydium subulatum, will most probably be turned up there, and Myrmeleotettia maculatus, which colours my map like-a chessboard from Land’s End to John O’Groats, is not on my list for Wilts. Bedford- shire has an unworthy list, apparently without records of most of our commonest species. Stafford and Warwick are a little better, but in most of my maps, that eastern-midland region is generally white, chiefly due, I suppose, to the terrible condition of two counties, of which I cannot find a single record of Orthoptera. Those two counties will, I hope, remove the reproach this coming season. They are Worcester and Salop. Here are some suggested lines of research, enough to satisfy any- body. DERMAPTERA. Is Labidura riparia, Pall. extinct at Pokesdown? Does not it occur further west along the south coast, and in Ireland? It should be looked for under dry seaweed and rubbish above highwater mark, on pale sand. Labia minor, L. seems to have been reported from most parts of England, but I have no records from Wales (except Glamorgan), or on a line from Dorset to the Wash; none from central Ireland, and very few from Scotland or north western England. Forficula auricularia, LL, What is its northern limit? Is it all over Ireland? What is the distribution of the macrolabious form ? Cannot anybody find any more brachypterous specimens ? Forficula lesnei, Fin. has not been recorded north of a line drawn approximately from the mouth of the Severn to the south of Suffolk. It probably ranges north and west. Is it in Ireland? It must be, in the south-west. Apterygida albipennis, Meg. has been reported only from the east coast, from Kent to Suffolk. It is usually associated with hops. Is it in Herefordshire ? Earwigs are adult from late July, and hibernate, so that adults may be found almost all the year, though by the next June the last genera- tion are probably extinct and the young one hardly full grown. DictyopTERA. Ectobius lapponicus, L. ought to be reported from many more of our southern counties. I have no records north of the Thames, but it is pretty sure to bethere. Nonefrom Ireland. Described from Lapland. — EKetobius pallidus, Steph. or lividus, Fabr. or perspicillaris, Herbst. is known from Kent to Cornwall and also Glamorgan; its range may well extend further north than that. And Ireland? Ectobius panzeri, Steph. seems to be found on sandhills around the coast from Suffolk via Kent to Cornwall, but as it is also in Anglesea, it clearly should be looked for around the Welsh coast, and it very. likely occurs up the east coast too. Are there no wild cockroaches in Ireland ? Caught by sweeping and beating in late summer and autumn. 46 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.1V.19386 GRYLLIDAR, Liogryllus campestris, li. is recorded from scattered localities. The north Scottish records require me au Is it in Ireland? Is it as rare as believed ? Nemobinus s2 sylvestris, Fabr. is common in the New Forest and Park- hurst. It is in Dorset, and vaguely reported from Cornwall. Verifica- tion and extension ee but above all, of a record from Derbyshire. It should be looked for in May in leafy banks and clearings in wood- lands, especially in such parts of our ancient forest that have survived. Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, L. has an erratic record with us from Cornwall to Renfrewshire and Lough Neagh. ‘There are so many gaps to fill in. Adult in spring. ACRIDIIDAE, Adult from late July to September, except Acrydium, which is adult in early summer. Mecostethus grossus, L. is recorded from bogs from scattered loca- lities, but probably occurs in very many more. Is it true that the draining of the fens has exterminated it in Cambridgeshire? It is associated with C. dorsalis and M. brachyptera. I have no records north of the Severn- Wash line, but plenty in Ireland, especially the west. Gomphocerus rufus, ie is known only from the southern counties and not all of those. Its range is probably a good deal wider, and into Waies and Ireland. I can trace no records from Wilts, Somerset, north Hants and east Sussex. I have taken it in northern Siberia. Stenobothrus lineatus, Panz., so typical of high turf on limestone, has not been noted by me north of the Severn- Wash line, and scarcely above the Severn-Thames line; no records from Somerset and Wilts. Omocestus viridulus, L., perhaps our commonest grasshopper, has not been fully reported. No records from eleven English counties, and not recorded from about half Ireland, Wales and Scotland. It is probably everywhere. O. ventralis, Zett., t.e., rufipes, Zett. I have notes from all counties ‘south of the Severn-Thames line except, as usual Wilts, and from some in Anglia and a few in the north and only one from North Wales. Is it not in Scotland and Ireland ? Myrmeleotettia maculatus, Thunb. My maps look like a chess board. About half our counties still without records of this pretty little sandy-heath-loving grasshopper. Plenty of notes from Scotland, Wales and Ireland, but few from the Midlands, and white gaps every- where, in: auding Wilts. Uvaro. has found, in the British collection in the Natural History Museum, a specimen of Chorthippus vagans, Fieber, but with no indication of locality. This may have found its way there by chance, but it is quite likely a native species with us. A sharp look-ont should be kept for it. It looks very like Ch. bicolor, but the hind border of the pronotum is rounded, and the cross sulcus of the pronotum is nearer to the hind border than to the fore border. Chorthippus bicolor, Charp. It is ridiculous that of this universal grasshopper we have no records from eight English counties, including SCOPE FOR OUR ORTHOPTERISTS. 47 as usual Somerset and Wilts. Scotland is very patchy, Wales too, and Ireland still more so. What is its northern limit ? Ch. albomarginatus, De Geer., judging from my maps, is eastern and southern. I have no records from Devon, Somerset and Wilts, nor from the Midlands, the north of England, Scotland or Ireland and hardly any from Wales. It is characteristic of dry and scanty grass, but also found on wet grass. Ch. paralellus. Zett., is probably universal, as I have notes from Land’s End to John o’ Groats, but with plenty of white spots to shame us, one, a big one, right in the middle of England. And none from Treland ! Ocedipoda caerulescens, Li. This beautiful insect is on our list on the strength of a single specimen from the Scilly Island, which is not extant. Verb. sat. sap. Acrydium subulatum, L. This wet-loving species has a very chequered map, and it looks as though it does not go beyond the Severn-Wash line, which I cannot believe. One from Ireland: Somerset and Wilts are blank of course. Ae. bipunctatum, L. Out of the confusion of synonymy the Swedes have shown that what Linnaeus described was the northern form, found in northern, but not central, Sweden, in which the antennal segments are clearly very short, knotty. I know of two from Abernethy in Perth, but all the other specimens from Scotland, even farther north, that friends have sent me so far are the following species. Work — is urgently wanted here. A. vittatum, Zett., seems to be the name which we have got to use for what we have called bipunctatum for so many years, and recently kiefferit, Sauley. But there can be no doubt that it was this species that Zetterstedt had a generation before de Saulcy. It is probably universal in the British Islands, as I have notes from Land’s End to John o’ Groats, but there is a big white spot in the midland counties, and of course, in Somerset and Wilts. Only a few localities from Wales and Ireland. To be noted, that this genus is adult in spring and early summer. TETTIGONIIDAE. IT am sure that Phaneroptera falcata, Scop. is a true British insect, that requires confirmation. Both our records are from the end of Cornwall. No doubt it is also in south-west Ireland. Leptophyes punctatissima, Bosca. is widely recorded from the south, west and east of England, but there is.a big gap in the middle to fill in, and it has not been noted from the north. [t is probab]v fairly widely spread in Ireland and the Lowlands of Scotland. I can’find no records from Somerset, otherwise the southern part of England is complete. Wales wants working. | Meconema thalassinum, Fabr. has been recorded from all counties south of a line from the estuary of the Severn to the Wash except Wiltshire, where of eourse it occurs, and Bedford and Hunts. Wales is blank, barring Glamorgan. Our northern counties are very shaky, and Scotland still more so. I feel sure it is in the Lowlands. Tettigonia viridissima, L. is widely distributed, as it is recorded from Northumberland and Cumberland, so I see no need to question Don’s 48 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1V.1986 record from Forfar. Otherwise, there are hardly any records north of the Severn- Wash line, and none from Ireland. Pholidoptera cinerea, L., according to the map, is missing from Ire- land and Scotland, which I can hardly believe. I have no records north of the Humber, or from the Midlands, or Wales. I expect it ranges into Scotland. Decticus verrucivorus, L. is a northern species in Europe and Siberia, so why have we records only from south Hants and east Kent ? Platycleis grisea, Fabr., is characteristic of our south coast from Hissex to Cornwall. It is probably in South Wales and southern Ireland. ‘The record from Derby is therefore surprising. Lucas states that the specimens are now in the Derby Museum. ‘The identification should be verified. Metrioptera brachyptera, L., has a scattered distribution with us, mostly from the south, but it is also in Cumberland, and I see no reason why it should not be in Scotland, Wales and Ireland. It is found in bogs, and I am sure only needs looking tor. M. roeselii, Hagenb., has a curious distribution with us, as it seems confined to a strip along the east coast, from Herne Bay to the Humber. All records are from the coast itself, except a doubtful one ‘‘perhaps from Cambridgeshire.” Does it never go further than a mile inland? [Benfleet, Thames Marshes; teste Dr. K. G. Blair.—Hy.J.T.] Conocephalus dorsalis, Latr., is characteristic of rushes in our eastern and southern counties, but records are wanting from Cornwall. It is probably found in the southerly Midlands, and South Wales and Ireland. In varied situations, on trees, shrubs, herbage, rushes, but seldom on grass; adult from late July to late September. ]WoOTES ON COLLECTING, ete. Micro Cotzectinc—Mip Arrit to Mrip May.—The larvae of Tortrix forsterana feeds between two leaves of ivy spun flat together. The feeding places are conspicuous by April and are easily found. Hucosma pygmalena is well out towards the end of April. The imago flies freely for a short time about midday in sunny weather around spruce trees, rather high up. At other times and in dull weather it can be beaten out, when it drops rather than flies to the ground. The imagines of Laspeyresia scopariana can be found amongst Genista tinctoria making short flights over the herbage for about two hours at mid-day, when the sun is out. It is not easily seen and is probably often overlooked. During the first week of May the aborted shoots of Pine should be collected for pupae of Hvetria posticana, EH. turionana and E.. pinivorana. The last half of April is the best time to — search for the cases of Nemotois fasciella (schiffermillerella) before the plants of Ballota nigra, on which the larvae feed, grow too high. This species is very local. Out of a number of plants in a district only afew will produce cases, up to 4 or 7, but I have found as many as 40 on a single plant. The larvae seem to prefer the dead leaves on the ground, but also eat the lower leaves, dropping off at the slightest touch. The curious flat figure of 8-shaped cases harmonize well with the loose rubbish and soil around the rootstocks of the plants, amongst which the cases will be found. It is better to leave the smaller cases, which esata = — NOTES ON COLLECTING. 49 will not produce imagines until the following year, the larvae in these taking two years to reach maturity. A close examination of catkins of birch will reveal signs of larval- feeding within. A supply of these will produce Argyresthia goedartella and A. brockeella in June-July. The larval-feeding sometimes causes the catkin to grow unevenly so as to be bent, but mishaped catkins do not necessarily contain a larva. The larva of Elachista cerusella is full fed towards the end of April. It feeds in the Spring in the leaves of the Reed Canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) making large white blotches, sometimes leaving a mine to enter a fresh leaf. The larva is easily seen in a tenanted mine— if the mine is empty the pupa will probably be found on the upper surface of the leaf close to the stem or in a similar position on a leat near by. ‘The larva of /. poae feeds in the leaves of Poa aquatica making long slender mines almost the full length of the leaf and some- times mining down into the sheath. The mine, being only slightly lighter in colour than the leaf, is not so noticeable as the mine of H. cerusella and the larva, so far aS my experience goes, wanders away from the food plant to pupate. It is full fed in early May.—L.T.F. Harty Appearance oF Liegpra apustata.—On 30th March when sallowing I took a freshly emerged specimen of L. adustata on the wing. (Capr.) C. Q. Parsons, Torquay. Lepipoprexa av Licur in Torquay.—As I have hardly seen any notices of captures in this locality in recent years, it may possibly be of interest if [ give a report of my experiences at light. My list only includes species taken at the electric light lamps within a distance of half a mile from Torquay Railway Station and those attracted by light in the house in the same area during the period 1928 to 19365. Outside this radius | am somewhat hazy as to what was actually attracted by the light of my petrol lamp whilst carrying it, and those I caught, which were really endeavouring to escape from its rays. Of course there can be no mistake about it when actually using a sheet. There is a very sad scarcity of birch and poplar in this district. Sallow consists of three neatly trimmed bushes in the hedge surrounding the Corporation Nursery Gardens and several, frequently burnt, on the banks of the railway cutting. There is quite a fair crop of Silene inflata or S. maritima, ’m not quite sure which, on the extreme edge of a precipitous cliff, which by the way is railed off. From about June to September any Dianthoecia which happen to alight on the mainland side of these railings would be promptly sat on by a member of the human tribe any time of the day or during the period of their natural flight. I hope this description of the lack of suitable vegetation, or resting place, will explain the paucity of Notodonts and Dianthcecias. Those species marked * denote one occurrence only. A (2) denotes twice. Bompycss, Ervc.—Nola confusalis; Lithosita lurideola; L. yriseola ; L. sororcula (2); Miltochrista (Calligenia) miniata; Arctia caja; A. villica ; Phragmatobia fuliginosa; Diacrisia (Spilosoma) mendica; D. (S.) lutea (lubricipeda); Spilosoma menthastri; Psilwra - (Ocneria) monacha*; Dasychira pudibunda; Poecilocampa popult; Drepana binarva* ; 50 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1V.1936 Cilix glaucata; Dicranura (Cerura) vinula (2); Notodonta ziczae* ; Phalera bucephala; Thyatira batis* ; Metachrostis (Bryophila) muralis ; M. (B). perla; Demas coryli*.—(To be continued).—(Cart.) OC. Q. Parsons. Torquay. Variation IN AGROTIS VESTIGIALIS.—Tutt seems (from your remarks re A. vestiyialis in a recent number) to have omitted any mention of olive-coloured forms of this species, and clavis, Esp. seems to be the nearest to violescens, Heyden, which latter form exactly tallies with some of mine taken in South Devon. I have also one taken in the some locality closely resembling olivacea, Hartig.—(Carr.) C. Q. Parsons, Torquay. Wases Feepine on Burrerriies.—Mr. Bainbrigge Fletcher’s note in the January number is interesting as confirming the addition of yet another enemy of the defenceless butterfly. One can well imagine the baundance of Lepidoptera, were it not for the effective persecution of their numerous enemies, amongst which the genus “ collector”’ is often credited with being one of the worst. I remember years ago a plague of wasps at Royston Heath, and these I was informed by collectors were destroying large numbers of Poly- ommatus coridon, which were flying at the same time. Newly emerged butterflies were especially attacked whilst drying their wings. ‘The wasps were so numerous that men from the Town Council were sent to locate and destroy the nests. Collectors, who were catching the butterflies for examination, told me that as many wasps as butterflies were netted, and during the few hours I was on the Heath I had the same experience. ‘The aid of the Council was solicited because so many children, playing on the Heath, were stung. More recently I caught wasps detaching and carting away pupae of Papilio machaon that had spun up in a leno-covered cage, the wasps obtaining access by chewing a hole in the leno. I was surprised last season to observe a small sparrow-like bird in my garden eating the larvae of Aglais urticae that were feeding on a large patch of nettles. J then enclosed the patch in small mesh wire netting and placed several nests of the larvae that | found in another district thereon. ‘The birds however managed to get through the wire and I surprised several which were unable to find their way back through the wire. In the meantime they had eaten all the larvae. I was always under the impression that the only birds, which would eat hairy larvae, were cuckoos and pheasants. It seems possible that birds would account for the sudden disappearance of colonies of Nymphalis io from beds of nettle, when they are nearly or quite full fed. This disappearance has, I think, generally been ascribed to the larvae dispersing and wandering away to pupate. As an experiment I enclosed a brood of these larvae in a large leno-covered cage (from which they could not escape) on a bed of nettle in the garden. Later examination showed that they had all pupated so low down on the stalks of the nettle as to be almost imperceptible. None pupated on the cage. In August last in a restricted area on a Down in this district, I saw on several occasions a blackbird busily engaged catching and eating male P. coridon. A large number which he had caught and failed to hold had pieces out of their wings. On each occasion I stoned him CURRENT NOTES. 51 away, but had the keeper been near I am afraid that there would have been one dead blackbird. Last season I watched sparrows, or similar birds, engaged picking off the small larvae of Pieris brassicae and P. rapae on the cabbages in the garden, and in consequence | could find no pupae in their usual positions. Birds, I think, must be held responsible for the destruction of large numbers of Lepidopterous larvae; they are far too numerous owing, 1 assume, to the absence of hard winters and are becoming a pest.— S. G. Castiuzn-Russetn. Crawley, near Winchester. GXJURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICKS. A monthly plate of Lambillionea for last year contains the figure of a curious aberration in the markings of the left forewing of a Papilio podalirius in which the usually regular straight fasciae are zigzagged very strongly. ‘I'he same plate has two figures of Melanargia galathea in which all the black markings are much reduced in area although not at all obsolescent. Both species are Belgian examples. In the same number the species Argynnis (Issoria) lathonia is dealt with and its variation discussed by M. Lempke. The Dobree Collection of European Noctuae which has been in the Museum at Hull for many years, and a Catalogue of which (xv.+ 156 pp. price one shilling) was issued in 1909, contained a certain number of type specimens. In the interests of students of Entomology it seemed desirable that these should be in the National Collection, and they are now in the Natural History Museum at South Kensington, which has supplied suitable specimens to take their places. An account of the Lepidoptera of the Balearic Islands has been written by Dr. Rebel in a recent number of Iris. Some 391 species including a few Micros have been recorded up to the present time. Australia is remarkably rich in Acrtdidae, and these have recently been revised by Prof. Yugve Sjéstedt in the Kungl. Svenska Vetenskap- sakademiens Handlingar, 3rd Ser., Bd. 15., No.2.,1935. With 2 plates. He gives an account of the synonymy and known distribution of the 474 species known from Australia, of which he has described about 200. This is a remarkable figure, approaching the total number of Orthop- tera known in Kurope. It is interesting to note the proportionate representation of the subfamilies. These are, of l’etrigidae, 35 species ; Humastacinae, 2; l'ruwalinae, 54; O8edipodinae, 28; Pyrgomorphinae, 33, and Acridinae or Catantopinae, 822. It is this last figure which is so remarkable and, compared with others, disproportionate. Several species with very wide distribution are included, such as Aiolopus tamu- lus, Fabr., which is common throughout the Oriental and reaches the Ethiopian region, and our old friend Acrida turrita, L., so familiar to everyone who visits the Mediterranean in the autumn and winter.— The Society for British Entomology has just issued part 5 of Vol. Ll. of its Journal. It consists of 82 pages of short articles and notes, some 80 in number, of which 8 relate to Lepidoptera, 7 to Hymenoptera, 4 to Odonata, and 11 to other orders and general matters. There aretwoplates. ‘lhecontents form auseful compendium of facts and observations useful later on to compilers of life-histories and works of general natural history. 52, ENTOMOLOGIST S$ RECORD. 15.1V.19386 WEVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS. CATALOGUE OF THE MacroLEPIDoPTERA OF IreLAND.—By Lt.-Col. C. Donovan, I.M.S. (ret.) Pp. 100. 5/- post free from the author Bourton-on-the-Water, Glos.—In course of time all local lists and catalogues become out of date and a real revision is necessary. Subsequent discoveries, fresh species, other localities, collation of local forms and races, distribution, relation of species to the flora and geological formations, the verification or other- wise of doubtful records, the application of the prior names of species and the recognition of the more advanced general knowledge of classification by the newer and more or less appropriate genera, are all items which it is necessary for a reviser to account for, and in this work they have been taken into account. The author was particularly qualified for the work ; he had assisted Dr. Kane nearly 40 years ago to compile the original List, and has continued for many years, not only to record the work of others, but has made many discoveries and observations as an enthusiastic collector in all parts of Ireland. The records in Kane’s book, which were at all doubtful, he has taken great pains to clear up, and throughout has carefully indicated the still doubtful records for future investigation. Tutt, in error, took the des- cription of Fabricius, Mantissa, p. 178 (1787) with its erroneous spelling (wantographa) as the original description. Whereas the original was in the Verz. of Schiffmiller, 1775 p. 83 and was recorded by Goeze, Beitr. I11(8). 218 (1781). Warr.-Seitz. (1909) and Draudt-Seitz. (Sup. 1982) both put Schiffermiller as the author; but one must admit that there is much confusion in identification of the names of the “ ancients.” Such corrections as Acronicta and hyperantus are made, although jantra is selected before jurtina. Dianthoecia barrettii is considered at length on the same material which was used by the “‘Supplement to Tutt’s British Noctuae,”’ but, after acknowledging that the genitalia of anda- lusica and barrettii are identical, the compiler remarks, ‘‘ Staudinger’s specific name (andalusica) bears two years priority to Doubleday’s barrettii, but the colour of the latter is decidedly browner (“ fuscous ”’ Doubleday ; ‘‘ dark purple brown,” Barrett) and so should be regarded as a different species.” He goes on to say, however, that ‘the Cork specimens approach the distinct pure grey of D. andalusica; but as they do not hit off exactly the veritable shade, may be known as ab. anda- lusicidea (ab. nov.).” The very dark brownish-grey form of Irish barrettii with confused markings is herenamed ab. turbata (ab. nov.). In treating of Diacrisia mendica, he refers to the race rustica with whitish males and asks if this race is found in the Iberian peninsula, as, if itis, it would be another link between Ireland and Iberia. The race rustica is reported from Hungary, 8. Eastern Europe and Armenia. In fact there are so many interesting points raised in this very useful and prac- tical treatise that one must congratulate Col. Donovan not only for the mechanical work of compilation, but for the seientific problems laid before the younger generation of entomologlsts, who must use this book as their guide, philosopher and friend.—Hy.J.T. All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. ‘Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents nor to send us communications IDENTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS. Articles that require ILLUsrRATIONS are inserted on condition that the AuTHOoR defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. ‘They should be sent to Mr. Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam, Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection ; list sent.— Rh. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicates.—Albimacula*, sparganii*. Desiderata.— Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘‘ dAurago,”’ Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Wiiltams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey. Desiderata.—Urgently wanted for research work at the Royal College of Science, Pupae normal form of Hemerophila abruptaria. Duplicates.—Pupae of var. fuscata of the same species offered in exchange.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Desiderata.—M. aurinia (artemis) Larva English, Irish and Scotch. Duplicates.—Numerous, Ova, Larva, Pupa and Imagines.—H. W. Head, Burniston, Scarborough. Duplicates.—Argynnis liauteyi, Chrysophanus phoebus, Albulina ellisoni and many rare species from Syria and Morocco. Desiderata.—Rare British and European Macro-lepidoptera, especially Zygaenidae, Arctiidae, Agrotidae.—R. EH. Ellison, Moccas Rectory, Hereford. _ Desiderata.—Certain common Bombyces from Scotland, Ireland and Cornwall. Sanio, Rubi, Trifolii, Potatoria, ete., during the year. aa Duplicates. —Numerous. Please send list.—B. W. Adkin, Highfield, Pembury, Kent. CHANGE oF ApprEess.—Dr. Malcolm Burr, The Hermitage, Dorney, Windsor. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIKS. Entomological Seciety of London.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensington, S.W.7. 8 p.m. May 6th. The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia _ Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p-m. April 23rd. May 14th.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘‘ Ditchling,’’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. _ The London Natural History Society.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and ‘Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through ald or from the Hon, Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, ssex Entomological Section, Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society.—Evening Meetings. On the third Monday of each month; 7.45 p.m., at 55, Newhall Street, Birmingham. Visitors welcomed. Those who would like to attend or exhibit please apply to—P. Siviter Smith, Pebworth, Stratford-on-Avon. IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL A MAGAZINE OF : NATURAL HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES AND ETHNOLOGY : Published every Two Months Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.1.A., M.B.0.U., Assisted by Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 6/- post free. Single Parts 1/3. All communications to be addressed to :— VW. M. CRAWFORD, B.A., F.R.E.S., F.Z.S. Hon. Secy. ORISSA, MARLBOROUGH PARK SOUTH, BELFAST. — Communications have been received from or have been promised © “by - =a Dr. Verity, Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. Willoughby-Hllis, Hy. J. Turner, D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, T. Greer, T. Bainbrigge- . Fletcher, R. E. Ellison, P. Haig Thomas, Rev. E. B. Ashby (late), Dr. Maleolm Burr, Capt. C. Q. Parsons, E. P. Wiltshire, Jas. E. Collin, Dr. E. A. Cockayne, Rev. R. = By Frampton, C. Nicholson, Wm. Fassnidge, and Reports of Societies. : All communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER ‘¢ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. 25 Ap ee IMPORTANT — TO ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES and MUSEUMS, by BACK VOLUMES OF ae The Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation (Vols. I-XXXVL) GONTENTS OF Vol. I. (Most important only mentioned.) Genus Acronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3. coloured plate Differentiation of Melitaea athalia, parthenie, and awrelia—The Doubleday. collection— Parthenogenesis— Paper on Taeniocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Hints (many)— Parallel] Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina—Work for Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymic notes—Retrogpect of a Lepid for 1890—HLifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epunda lichenea, Heliophetge hispie Captures at. light—Aberdeenshire notes, etc., etc., 360 pp. hikes. GONTENTS OF VOL. II. . Se Mernanism AnD Meranocuroism—Bibliography—Notes on Collecting—Artic Variation (many)—How to breed Agrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegtformis, Taeniocamp —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amp prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Differentiation of thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwieh, Sidmouth, 8S. London—Generic clature and the Acronyctidae—A spree eae at Rannoch—Heredity in PE fg derasa, etc., etc., 312 pp. To be obtained from— Mr. H. E. PAGE, 9, Vanbrugh Hill, Blackheath, London, S§. a 4 to whom Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable oe Archer & Co., Printers, 85, Avondale Square, London, S.E.1 Ske Boe. ewe ey eee ieee ubscriptions for Vol. 48 (1936) are now due. ees saa \ bt NIOMOLOGISTS. RECORD { Matconm Borer, D.Ssc., F.R.E-S. H. DonisTHORPE, F.2Z-8., ¥.R.E.S. - Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, F.R.-H.8. T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., _H. A. Cockaynu, a.M., D.M., F.R.E-S., F.Z.8., F.R.E.S. F.R.C.P. H. Bt. Paas, F.R.4E.S. J. KH. Conuin, J.P., ¥.R.E.S. ALFRED SICH, F.R.E.S. Rev. G. WHEnrLER, M.A., ¥.R.B.S., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus.—G. T. BernHune-Baksr, ¥.Z.S., F.R.E.8. By Hewry J. TURNER, F.n.u.8., F.R.H.8., Editorial Secretary. CONTENTS. homyiidae reared from flowers of Senecio, J. H. Collin, F.R.E.S. ae a cee of Ant new to Science, H. evans F.Z.S., ee a ee se ee Haig-Thomas, F.R.E.S. (conclude) nTiFIc NntEs.—Sex-limited Hereditary Cancer in BaGe Ce ia vae, Dr. E. A. Cockayne, F.R.E.S.; Effects of Environment on Larval Colouring, E. P. Wiltshire .. = ee ES ON Connective. —Micro- collecting — Mid May to mid ae L. TPs _ Notes on some Tortrix larvae, May and early June, R.H.E.F. ; Notes onl. conicolana, W. Fassnidge ; Lepidoptera at Light at Torquay (con- luded),. Capt. C. Q. Parsons; Wasps Feeding on Butterflies, C. Nicholson ; Melanism in D. fagella, Herbert A. Buckler ; Cornish i xr 1935, C. Nicholson; B. pe udosees in ae coulis Bainbrigge- Pletcher So : Ses hy ee Ps ene . ae ee II (41)-(44) s kecees ¢ for Complete Volunte post free ce TEN SHILLINGS. ze to ‘The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R. E. oy Ricci 3 os. 6; Footseray Rond, Eltham, 8.1.9. 1 PT SPIT Re ey ( Watkins & Doncaster (ESTABLISHED 1879) ; CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED by the Collector, at keenest Prices Large stocks always maintained for quick service. ral a Catalogue post free per return Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of the World.’’ 36, Be vlind London, W.C.2., England — a P.O. Box. Peg 126 TELEPHONE—TEMPLE BAR 9451 r mw, E i ” . —— % 4 . SB (i ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINET ee YEWFIELD) R@AD, N.W.10. ’Phone: WILLESDEN 0309. : Specialists in interchangeable unit systems. Specifications and Prices sent post free on application. THE VASCULUM 4 The North Country Quarterly 7 of Science and Local History. aan EDITED BY eae 3 The Rev. J. E. HULL, M.A., D.Sc, Belford Vicarage, Northumberland, oo assisted by A. VV. Bartlett, M.A., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, D.Sc., AS a F.L.S., William Carter, F. C. Garrett, D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D.Sc., Se F:LS., J: VV. H. Harrison, D:Se:, F.K:S.; Az Ratstrick, M-Sey Ph. De cree et: J. A. Smythe, D. i Georse WV. Pension The Vasculum is now in its twenty-first volume, the annual subscription is. five shillings Bite and should be sent to OT WILLIAM CARTER, 13, Kimberley Gardens, Nevicnatic- wari eis The Wayside and Woodland Series. BUTTERFLIES ? A. seyetum, Noctua vlecta, N. c-niyrum, N. triangulum,*, N. primulae . p ¥ 2 Y ? J 1) re | (festiva), N. wanthographa, Triphaena janthina, T. comes, T. pronuba, Pachnobia rubricosa, Taeniocampa yothica, T. incerta, 1’. stabilis, T. ’ 1) Y ] ) ’ munda*, Amathes lychnidis (Orthosta pistacina), Omphaloscelis lunosa, Orrhodia vaccinti, Ochria (Xanthia) aurayo (2), Calymnia trapezina, C. affinis, Harmodia (Dianthoecia) cucubali*, Polia flavicincta™, Dasypolia templi (see note), Hpunda lichenea, EF. nigra*, Phlogophora meticulosa, Xylocampa areola (lithorhiza), Plusia chrysitis (2), P. s sb ~ O . ° . gamma, P. iota*, Rivula serivealis, Hypena proboscidalis, Zancloynatha tarstpennalis, Z. grisealis, Aventia (Laspeyria) flexula*. - ’ ry 64 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V.1986 Grometrina.—Ourapterya sambucaria, Opisthograptis luteolata, Campaea (Metrocampa) margaritaria (2), Ellopia fasciaria (prosapiaria) (2), Selenta bilunaria, S. tetralunaria, Gonodontis bidentata, Crocallis elinguaria, Hnnomos fuscantaria, EH. querctnaria, Colotots (Himera) pennaria, Phigalia pedaria, Biston (Pachys) strataria (2), Boarmia lichenaria*, B. repandata, B. rhomboidaria (gemmaria), Ectropis (Teph- rosta) bistortata*, Hemistola chrysoprasaria (Geometra vernaria) (2), Hemithea aestivaria (Nemoria strigata), Cosymbia (EKphyra) trilinearia*, C. (E.) porata*, Ptychopoda (Acidalia) dimidiata, P. (A.) biselata, P. (A.) dilutaria, A. seriata (virgularia), A. sylvestraria (margine- punctata), A. aversata, Abraxas grossulariata, Lygdia adustata, Theria (Hybernia) rupicapraria, T’. (H.) marginaria, Erannis (H.) defoliaria, Alsophila (Anisopterya) aescularia, Operophtera (Cheimatobia) brumata, Oporinia (Oporabia) dilutata, Calostigia pectinitaria (Larentia viridaria), Perizoma flavofasciaria (Himmelesta decolorata), Mupithecta venosata™, | KH. linariata, EH. (oblonyata) ceutaureata, H. icterata (subfulvata), E. haworthiata, EH, innotata (fraxinata)*, H. subnotata, EH. vulgata, E. abbreviata*, HK. dodoneata, EH. exiguata, EF. pumilata, E’. rectangulata, FE. coronata, Acasis (Lobophora) viretata, Thera variata, [?| Cidaria (Melanthia) ocellata, Xanthorhoé (Melanthia) procellata*, Kpirrhoé alternata (sociata), Xanthorhoé montanata, X. fluctuata, Harophila (Anticlea) badiata, E. derivata (nigrofasciaria), Ochyria (Coremia) designata, X. ferrugata, Huphyia (Camptogramma) bilineata, Orthonoma obstipata (C. fluviata)*, Horisme (Phibalapteryv) tersata, Cidaria siterata (psittacata) (2), Huphyia (C.) corylata (2), Dysstroma (C.) truncata, Lampropteryx (C.) suffumata, Huphyia (C.) silaceata, Lygris (C.) pyraliata (2), Ortholitha chenopodiata (limitata), O. bipunctaria®. Norre.—One @ on lst May, 1930, in Seaway Lane, still in bred condition and most fertile and one g on 11th Nov., 1981, in Belgrave Road, a thickly populated part of the town.—(Capr.) C. Q. Parsons, Torquay. Wasrs Fespine on Butrerrirms.—Has not Mr. Castle-Russell missed one rather important point in classing birds as a growing pest in their destruction of lepidopterous larvae? Insects are so astonish- ingly prolific that were it not for their numerous enemies the earth would soon be overrun by them and all vegetation would disappear, with the result that, as all animals depend directly or indirectly for their existence on the vegetable kingdom, all animals would disappear also! Apart from the well-known so-called “ parasitic”? insects, most of which are not parasitic at all but predatory, there is no doubt that wasps, both social and solitary, exercise considerable check on the increase of the insect hordes, and the social wasps would be kept in check by the badger, if the latter were not senselessly persecuted in inost parts of the country. I don’t think the absence of hard winters can be credited with much of the responsibility for the abundance of small birds in some districts; it is rather the absence of their animal checks, the beasts and birds of prey, which are so severely and unjustifiably kept down in the interests of game preservation. It is rather surprising news that Mr. Castle-Russell observed a small sparrow-like bird—could it have been a hedge-sparrow ?—eating larvae of Aglais urticae off nettles. One usually looks upon Vanessid larvae, ae NOTES ON COLLECTING. 65 feeding, as most of them do, quite exposed, as protected by their spines from predatory birds, and I am not at all sure that even cuckoos or pheasants have been seen to eat them, although the former are known to have a penchant for the hairy and otherwise unpleasant larvae that other birds won’t touch. In this connection, 1 may mention that I have records of the robin feeding its nestlings on larvae of Abraxas grossulariata and Pteronidea ribesii (Gooseberry Sawfly), both supposed to be distasteful to birds in general. It would be useful if Mr. Castle- Russell could determine this year what the birds really were that were eating larvae of Aglais urticae, Pieris brassicae and P. rapae. Vanessid larvae would have no terrors for wasps on account of their spines, but young larvae of Hipocrita jacobaeae were passed over repeatedly by workers of Vespa vulgaris, hunting over ragwort in the garden here.— C. Nicnotson. Tresillian, Cornwall. Metanism in D. Fracetia.—Under “ Notes on Collecting,” No. 2 of the current volume for February, 1986, it was mentioned that further information was wanted concerning Diurnea (Chimabache) fagella, especially in relation to its melanic form. 1 am sending you under separate cover 47 ¢ examples taken from oak trunks in Stoneywell Wood, Charnwood Forest, in half-an-bour’s search last Sunday, 18th April. As was remarked, the darker forms appear to fade slightly after death, and on looking at them in the box, the darker specimens give a unicolorous darkish brown appearance. Actually, many of them when taken are a sharp black. As another comparison, it may be noted that the forms light enough to be seen easily on the trunks at a casual glance are in this district not more than 25% of the whole. Stoneywell Wood is situated at an altitude about 600 feet, and consists mainly of oak, interspersed with birch. This micro is frequent in all the localities that | have worked in Leicestershire.— Hersert A. Buckier. Leicester. 23.iv.36. P.S.—I have only seen two females this year, both of them of the darkest form, taken in cdép. on tree trunks. Cornish Norzs, 1935.—So far as my own observations and reports that have reached me show, last summer was disappointing, speaking generally, for the more interesting and spectacular butterflies, but the “Whites” were in about their usual numbers, t.¢., Pieris brassicae was common in both broods, P. rapae less common, and P. napi decidedly uncommon. The “ Browns,” also, were in about normal numbers and I have seen a few Argynnis paphia in the garden and elsewhere, as usual. Heodes phlaeas was very scarce hereabouts and Polyommatus icarus also, though fairly common in some localities, Lycaenopsis aryiolus, on the other hand, was common in both broods, the first being attracted in May by our laurestinus flowers, which were exceptionally late, as they did not begin to open until April; this season they began to open in November and attracted the local hive-bees, which have been visiting them on every suitable day since, up to the present time (31st March), the sound of their humming being quite summery on sunny days, even when the temperature was kept down by a cool wind. The usual sprinkling of Gonepteryx rhamni occurred in the Spring (29th March to 23rd May), but I saw only one in the summer and that 66 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V.1936 was an Carrine Common, near Truro, on 9th August, and my wife saw one in the garden on 28th August. In 1934 the larvae on the buck- thorns in my garden were really plentiful, but were nearly exterminated by the usual ichneumon, Anilasta ebenina, whose larva spins the little greyish-white cocoon with two dark bands and the head of the larva at the end! Colias croceus was in normal numbers-—one near Truro on 18th August and one near here on the 21st. Polygonia c-albun was seen by the Vicar of Landulph, near Saltash, in his garden on March 12th, a cold day with bright warm sun, after ‘“‘snow and a bitter east wind” the day before! It was reported in this magazine (last Vol. p. 105) as abundant at West Looe in July, and 2 were seen at Par Station on 31st July, as well as one at St. Kew Highway on the same day. I also have a record of var. hutchinsoni from near Bude on 9th July, and another from the same district in September. On 5th August one was caught on blackberry blossom in Luxulyan Valley; on 29th September one in a Falmouth garden, feeding on dandelion and rotten apple, and on 11th October one in a garden at Redruth. The Bude specimens are easily Cornwall’s “furthest north,” and the Redruth one the “ furthest west’ to date. J have no records of this species in the Truro district in 1935. Nymphalis iv, so common in 1934, was scarce generally in 1935. I saw one in the garden on 20th March and one was seen near Looe on the 21st, both days being sunny and warm. I saw seven in this neighbourhood on 2nd April and one in the garden on the 8rd, again both sunny days, but not warm. Nothing more was seen of io until 13th August, when one settled on a scabious in a garden in Truro city, and I saw 2 on Carrine Common on the 17th, which was dull and showery, and one in the garden shortly afterwards—a very meagre result for a species that is generally very common in the county. Nymphalis polychloros. In view of the scarcity of records of this species for many years it is extremely interesting that notes of its occurrence of late have been appearing in various periodicals and may be usefully summarized here in chronological order. In the Entomologist for January 1985, p. 9, a specimen is recorded as captured at Petersfield on 14th July, 1984 and in The Field for 19th October last, Mr. Frohawk reports that three specimens were shown to him at Tresco in the Scilly Isles that had been taken in 1984; one of these was found floating on the sea on 16th July after an H.S.E. gale, and was in an exhausted state, but otherwise in perfect condition ; one flew into a house a week later; and the third was captured in Tresco Abbey gardens early in August. Mr. Frohawk suggested that, as this species is not indigenous to the Scillies, these three specimens were possibly immigrants from the mainland (at least 27 miles N.E.) or from the Continent. He also suggested that, although it is not recognized as a immigrant, it may prove to be so, which would account for its abundance in certain years and scarcity in others; but it is of course a resident also, and used to occur pretty regularly in Epping Forest, where it bred and was not infrequently taken in the Spring after hibernation. The next specimen was seen in hig garden by Lit. Col. Mosse at Tunbridge Wells on 1st April and was ‘in very fair condition,” evidently hibernated ; and another was recorded by Edwin Cohen as CURRENT NOTES. 67 seen at Brockenhurst on 5th May; both these records are also from The Field. In the Entomologist for October last, p. 240, Granville Clutterbuck reports the capture of one on a farm window at the Lizard on 38rd August. In The Field of 21st September, a specimen is reported from Winchester and in the Western Morning News of 24th September, Lord Rendlesham reports one preparing to hibernate in his drawing- room at Bosloe, near Falmouth, on 22nd September. (To be continued). —Cuarurs Nicuotson, Tresillian, Truro, Cornwall. BorKHAUSENIA PSEUDOSPRETELLA, Stt., iy Wasps’ Comsps.—In the Autumn of 19383 I dug out a deserted wasps’ nest in my garden and placed two or three large pieces of comb on a table in an out-door room, where they lay exposed until in May 1935 I noticed that they were being attacked by larvae, which were running silken galleries throngh the comb. The insect concerned proved to be Borkhausenia pseudospretella, Stt., which has a very wide range of food, but, so far as I know, has not been bred previously from this one. As Chapman remarked (H.M.M. XXXI. 96. 1895), ‘‘ the waste material of a wasps’ nest contains very little silk, much wasp larva excreta, and a trifling weight of wood paper, practically little or no nutritive material.” Tinea palles-centella, however, has been bred from a wasps’ nest preserved in the Grosvenor Museum, Chester (#.M.M. XXX. 118. 1894), and Aphomia sociella is commonly found breeding in wasps’ nests.—'T’. Barnpriccx FLetcHer, Rodborough, Glos., 6th April 1936. GJURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICKS. It is pleasant to see collaboration between father and son in scientific work. The example of Madrid is followed in America, for in a recent number of the Proceedings of the Academy of Nat. Sct. of Philadelphia, 1935, pp. 457-508, there is an important article by J. A. G. Rehn and his son J. W. H. Rehn entitled ‘A Study of the Genus Hemimerus.” This is a queer ectoparasite on the giant African rat, Cricetomys gambianus, and its position has been the subject of discussion for many years since Walker first described it in 1871, putting it in the Gryllidae. The authors confirm the opinion that has prevailed since Hansen, in 1894, showed that it is related to the earwigs, although it has no forceps. The Danish author also showed that it is viviparous. Now there is ample material from many parts of Africa, from many races of the rat in question, and the authors describe five new species, bringing the total number known to eight. Interesting characters are afforded by the form of the last sclerites of the female, which is correlated with the nature of the bristly hair on their hosts, which in turn is correlated with the altitude and climate ofits habitat. ‘* Those that live on animals with harsh, long, adpressed hair possess a definite ability tightly to close and even lock the anal orifice.””—M.B. Part 59 of the Supplement to Seitz Fauna Palaearctica has just appeared. It contains sheet 27, 8 pp., of the Noctuae and plts. 14, 15. The British species dealt with are Hrastria trabealis, with 5 new forms added to the 1 form included in the main volume; Sarrothripus revayana, with 1 new form to the 8 previous ones ; we note that in the main volume no less than 17 named forms were turned down as 68 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.1V.1936 synonyms, and that apparently the thorough revision of the variation of this species by Mr. W. G. Sheldon* has been overlooked; Hylophila prasinana, with 8 new forms to the previous 2; Hylophilina bicolorana, with 1 to the previous 1 form ; Mormonia sponsa, with 6 new forms to the 6 previous; Catocala fravini, 7 new forms to the previous 5; and C. nupta, with 6 new forms to the previous 13, The two plates contain 123 figures. Six sheets of letterpress and 9 plates have recently been added to the Seitz Volume XY. the Fuuna Africana and deal with the Noctuae of that region. The large number of figures will be a splendid help to students of the African fauna which no doubt in the near future will yield a large number of new species as more intimate knowledge of the many little worked areas comes to hand. At the same time a sheet and two plates of the American Fauna have appeared in which Mr. Prout deals with numerous species of Geometers. Mr. .W. G. Sheldon is issuing his Annual Appeal for subscriptions to the Wicken Fen Fund. In the interest of the peculiar Fauna and Flora of this portion of the British Isles it is essential that the area. should remain in about the same state it has been for many years past. Were it not for the care carried on by the aid of the present Fund the altered conditions in the demand for the products of the Fen, neglect of cutting at certain times, the failure to keep the channels free from overgrowth, etc., would soon bring about the disappearance of some of the plant species by the crushing dominance of others, and as a consequence the probable disappearance of many local species of animal life confined to the area. To carry out this object costs money and entomologists as well as botanists and lovers of nature are asked to contribute. Last year over £120 was subscribed. Contributions should be sent to Mr. Sheldon, the Hon. Treasurer, West Watch, Oxted, Surrey, who will be pleased to send permits for observation or collecting to subscribers on application. Prof. Dr. Hering of Berlin has recently issued two more parts of his Minen- Herbarium, each containing 20 specimens of larval mines. The Diptera are responsible for 22 of these, the Lepidoptera for 12 and the Coleoptera for 6. ‘The whole series so far consists of the mines of 400 species, and forms an admirable reference collection for the identification of those insects which disfigure the foliage of so many of our more familiar trees, shrubs and other plants. Having distributed the examples of mines for a number of years Dr. Hering is now issuing a comprehensive work on them, ‘‘ Die Blatt-Minen Mittel-und Nord- Huropas,’’ which is just as indispensable to the possessors of the Herbarium as the Herbarium is to those who are subscribing to the parts of this volume. This study of mines is a most attractive investigation in entomology from a hitherto unattempted angle, and adds immensely to our knowledge of the life-histories of so many insect forms, and its bearing on economic entomology ‘must not be overlooked. * See Entomologist, LIL. 97, 122, with an excellent plt. of 22 figures, 19 of which are newly described forms, 1919. Let us hope that this oversight will be rectified in the Appendix to the volume before it is concluded. Will readers please send short Notes on Collecting. —Eprrors. ” _ ey .. 7 td veg Ail M8. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. Yournen, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents nor to send us communications IpDeHNTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. _ Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS. Articles that require InLUsrRarions are inserted on condition that the AuTHoR defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Vesiderata inserted free of charge. They should _ be sent to Mr, Hy. J. Turner, “* Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam, Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection ; list - sent.—#. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicaies.—Albimacula*, sparganii*. Desiderata.—Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘* Aurago,”’ Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. . Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 86, Manorgate oud, Kingston Surrey. Desiderata.—Urgently wanted for research work at the Royal College of Science, Pupae normal form of Hemerophila abruptaria. Duplicates.—Pupae of var. fuscuta of the same species offered in exchange.—J. A. _ Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Desiderata.—M. aurinia (artemis) Larva English, Irish and Scotch. Duplicates.—Numerous, Ova, Larva, Pupa and Imagines.—H. WV. Head, Burniston, _ Scarborough. Duplicates.—Argynnis liauteyi, Chrysophanus phoebus, Albulina ellisoni and many ‘rare species from Syria and Morocco. Desiderata.—Rare British and European Macro-lepidoptera, especially Zygaenidae, Arctiidae, Agrotidae.—R. HE. Ellison, Moccus Rectory, Hereford. Desiderata,—Certain common Bombyces from Scotland, Ireland and Cornwall. Sanio, Rubi, Trifolii, Potatoria, etc., during the year. Duplicates.—Numerous. Please send list.—B. W. Adkin, Highfield, Pembury, Kent. Cuancse or Appress.—Dr. Malcolm Burr, The Hermitage, Dorney, Windsor. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIKS. Entomological Society of London.—4i, Queen’s Gate, South Kensington, S.W. 7. 8p.m. June 3rd.. The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth ‘Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. _ May 28th. June 1lth.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘‘ Ditchling,’’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. The London Natural History Society.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through _ Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. Entomological Section, Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical x _ Society.—Evening Meetings. On the third Monday of each month; 7.45 p.m., at 55, Newhall Street, Birmingham. Visitors welcomed. ‘hose who would like to attend or - exhibit please apply to—P. Siviter Smith, Pebworth, Stratford-on-Avon. IRISH gles RALISTS’ A MAGAZINE OF - “Published « every Ter Months : Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.1.A., M.B. 0. U. z Assisted by Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 6/- post free. ae Parts All communications to be davcsocd toe i W. M. CRAWFORD, B.A., F.R.ES., F.ZS. ae ORISSA, MARLBOROUGH ~ PARK SOUTH, BELFAST Communications have been received from or have pone Dr. Verity, Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. W Hy. J. Turner, D.. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, T. ine, Fletcher, R. H. Ellison, P. Haig Thomas, Rev. B. B. Ashby (late), Ma Capt. C. Q. Parsons, E. P. Wiltshire, Dr. E. A. Cockayne, Gas R. "t EL C. Nicholson, Wm. Fassnidge, and Reports of Societies. All communications should be addressed to the Acting Baitor, 3 ‘ Tatemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. ; IMPORTANT TO ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES and mt BACK VOLUMES OF . ee. The Entomologist’s Reco : and Journal of Vari { ih I- st ) GCONTENTS OF Vol. ft. (lost Impovient ty mina os Parchenacesesi Paper on Tach cinpiiie hj aaa Parallel Variation i in re a a of Argynnis paphia var. valesin for 1890 —hifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epunda lichenea, Helio ot Captures at light Aberdeenshire notes, etc., etc., ao PP. : CONTENTS OF VOL. 1.” Se MELANISM AND Mur cwochecini: Strolemcmh anaes on Collec ing Variation (many)—How to breed 4grotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, i —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridi: prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Different thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwieh, Sidmouth, 8S. London- clature and the Acronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepi on Genus Zyamna {Antlirecera) Agere Su gmsucplete ee derasa, etc., etc., 312 pp. ‘ To be obtained from— Pe rts Be aed Sty Mr. H. E. PAGE, 9, VYanbrugh Hill, Bieadhioath. ‘London, to ee Cheques and Postal Orders nee he made pespele z Archer &: Co., Printers, 35, ‘Avondale Square, London, F Matcotm Bork, D.S8¢C., F.R.E.S. H. DonISTHORPE, F.Z.8., F.R.E.S. Rey. C. R. N. Burrows, F.R.@.S. T. BarnsricGE FLETCHER, B.N., F.L.8., #. A. Cockayne, A.M., D.M., F.R.E.S., F.Z.8., F.R.E.S. F.R.C.P. H. E. Paan, F.B.4@.8. J. EK. Couuin, J.P., F.R.E.S. ALFRED SICH, F.R.E.S. Rev. G. WHEELER, M.A., F.R.E.8., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus.—G. T. BerHune-Baxmr, ¥.2Z.8., F.R.E.S. By Henry J. TURNER, F.2.2.8., F.R.H.8., Editorial Secretary. Rg E GONTENTS. -- _ Cumberland Chrysopidae, T. F. Marriner... és be St, ¥ 69 _ Ozoir-le-Ferriére ; Puy de Dome mountain ; and Le mont Dore, France, in June-August, 1935, (late) Rev. E. B. Ashby, F.R.E.S., F.Z.8. . os 70 Screntiric Notzes.—Note on Three Genonyms, 7'. Bainbrigge Fletcher .. 73 Notes on Coniectinec.—June ; Micro Collecting, Mid June to Mid July, L.T.F.; Platycleis grisea, Fabr., not in Derbyshire, Malcolm Burr; Acrolepia sranitella, L. T. Ford; Four new food-plants of Parascotia fuliginaria, L., EH. A. Cockayne ; Note on the larva of Agrotis agathina, in the Exeter and Newton Abbot district, (Capt.) C. Q. Parsons; Cornish Notes, 1935, Chas. Nicholson; Procris count H.S., in the Cotswolds, Sig Bainbrigge Fletcher es tt a Sis 74 : Counnent Nores ass a ae s ae ee Es Si: oe 78 ; S Raview. —The Genitalia of the British Tineina - a be 3 79 | Sorrumanens: British Noctuae, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. 1 (45)-(48) Butterflies of the Upper Rhone Valley, Roger Verity, M. Es (89)-(90) Subseription for Complete Volume, post free TEN SHILLINGS. to The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, S.E.9. This number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net), 2am | 5 Watkins & Doncaster (ESTABLISHED 1879) CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED by the Collector, at keenest Prices AJ Large stocks always maintained for quick service. Full” a Catalogue post free per return Be a sents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of the World.” 4 ' 36, St rand, London, W.C.2., England — 3 P.o. Box! hot tea): T'ELEPHONE—TEMPLE BAR 9461 2 ENTOMOLOGIGAL CABINET — a: Fe J. ‘HILL & SON, MANUFACTURERS, & ae YEWFIELD ROAD, N.W.10. . "Phone: Winuespen 0309. a Specialists in interchangeable unit systems. = ihe = Specifications and Prices sent post free on application, ee THE | VASCULUM am The North Country Quarterly : ee of Science and Local History. HDITED BY The Rev. J. E. HULL, M.A., D.Sc., Belford Vicarage, Northumberland, assisted by A. VV. Bartlett, M.A., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, D. Sc... F.L.S., William Carter, F. C. Gare D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D.Sc., eae F.L.S., J. W. H. Harrison, D.Sc. ER.S., A. 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Od. ; two, es Supplement to Tutt’s British Noctuae, Vol. I. By Hy. J. TURNER, : BS F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (Voi. II in course). a eet ee - 10s. 6d. Sg Hiibner’s Tentamen and Verzeichniss. Collated by the late J. H. Ree Durrant, F'.R.E.S. (a few copies only) = ae 8s. 0d. 4 British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. Woe 6d... og Anprews, F.R.H.S. .- With Supplement Ode eee Rs Back Volumes, Nos. 37-47 of Ent. Record, new series; including Special Se = * Index . Fe estese ie per vol. 12s, 6a. oo CUMBERLAND CHRYSOPIDAE. 69 Cumberland Chrysopidae. By T. F. MARRINER. I first made the acquaintanec of these insects while working at the Coccinellidae. The Chrysopid larvae like those of the Coccinellidae feed upon Aphides, and in some gases are not unlike the latter in appearance. Like the ‘‘ Ladybirds,”’ too, the Chrysopidue possess that rather rare thing among insects, a popular name, in fact three. They are known as ‘“‘ Lace-wings,” as ‘‘ Golden-eyes,”’ and as ‘‘ Stink-flies.” The first two of these may be said to be due to ‘personal appearance,’ the beautiful tracery of the wings, and the gleaming gold of the eyes, while the third is due to the fact that the insects leave behind a somewhat disagreeable odour after being handled. This odour is probably protective, for I have noted that birds leave the Lacewings alone just as they do the Ladybirds. We have, I am told, 13 species of Lacewings in the British Isles, and Cumberland can boast of nine of these. Chrysopa vittata, Weam.—Seems to occur over the whole lower area of the County, with the exception of the coast plain, and is quite * common in June and July. My specimens were taken on Cumwhitton Moss in July 1925. This is a favourite and very productive collecting ground some seven miles east of Carlisle. C. flava, Scop.—Apparenfly not so widely distributed as the last- named species, nor yet so definitely and entirely confined to the lowest areas. It is on the wing with us from June until well into September. My specimens were taken in August 1926. O. alba, L.—This species also I have taken on Cumwhitton Moss (July 1926), and in Gelt Woods (August 1925). It appears to be a lowland species and is fairly widely distributed. It occurs in June, July, and August. C. flavifrons, Brauer.—Taken in my garden at Kingstown just north of Carlisle in July 1930, and in June 1931. These are the only occasions on which I have come across this species. C. tenella, Sch.—Apparently the earliest species on the wing with us. I took a specimen in Mr. Routledge’s garden at Tarn Lodge in May 1921, and also came across it again on Cumwhitton Moss in July 1925. QO. vulgaris, Sch.—This also is found on Cumwhittion Moss. Ii is on the wing until very late in the year apparently, if the weather be mild. Mr. Routledge showed me a specimen he had just taken in his sitting room at Tarn Lodge on 17th December 1917. CO. prasina, Ramb.—I have not come across this, but Mr. Routledge took one specimen near his house in July 1921. C. phyllochroma, Wesm.—Apparently somewhat rare. I have specimens from Cumwhitton Moss taken in July 1925. C. perla, L.—Another rare item with us. My specimens were © taken near Dalston, some three miles S.W. of Carlisle, in July 1921. 70 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V1.1986 Ozoir-la-Ferriére; Puy de Dome mountain; and Le mont Dore, France, in June-August, 1935. By the (late) Rev. E. B. ASHBY, F.R.E.S., F.Z.S. Leaving Victoria station on the morning of 28th June, I arrived at the station of Ozoir-la-Ferriére, in the Forét d’Arminvilliers, near Paris, that night about 8.30 p.m., and walked on to the village of Ozoir, where I put up for two days at the Restaurant— Hotel de Paris, a sufficiently decent little hotel, but too far from the grounds | wanted to work in the forest on the other side of the line, partly in the direc- tion of the village of Pontcarre. On 29th and 80th June I worked two different grounds, one on either side of Ozoir-la-Ferriere railway station, but in neither case did I see a single specimen of Cyclopides morpheus, Pall, which I hoped to have obtained in the pink of condition. It had not yet emerged this late year. ‘The insects I did obtain at Ozoir are classified as follows :— Ruopatocera.—Thecla w-album, Kn.; Apatura ilia, Hb. (seen only twice) ; Limenitis camilla, L. (1764) ; Polygonia (Vanessa) c-album, L. ; Argynnis cydippe, L.; Satyrus galathea, L.; Coenonympha arcania, L. Hererocera.—Hipparchus (Geometra) papilionaria, L. ; Comibaena (Phorodesma) pustulata, Hutn. ! Hymenoprera.—Tenthredo arcuatus, Forst.; Ammophila sabulosa, L.; Halictus scabiosae, Rossi; Panurgus calcaratus, Scop; Bombus sylvarum, L.; and Osmia aurulenta, Panz. Ovonata.—Libellula depressa, L. CoLteorreRa.—Cantharis liridus, L.; Leptura fulva, De Geer. I caught the above-mentioned Ammophila sabulosa, L., as it was crossing a road a little way out of the village of Ozoir. It was conveying in its jaws a green caterpillar nearly as long as itself, which it seemed to find difficult to carry. It settled on the road and I netted the pair. The insect dropped the caterpillar but remained on the ground near it. I boxed the larva and in doing so the insect got out from under my net, but settled again on the road close by the net, evidently hoping again to catch the larva. When I got up and raised my net again to catch it, it made no attempt to avoid it, but continued to search again for the larva on the road surface by a series of very short flights and frequent settlings. I then secured it, but I did not succeed in bringing the larva through, though it fed for several days. Returning to the Gare de l’HKst at Paris, on the afternoon of 30th June, I left the Gare de Lyon that night for Clermont Ferrand and arrived there early the next morning, putting up at the Hotel Terminus just opposite the station, where I stayed comfortably for 5 days. During this period 1 went once to the summit of the Puy de Déme mountain, but as the fog on the summit (height 4,805 ft.) rendered collecting impossible, [ descended the road, collecting a large number of Coleoptera on the steep roadside until the autobus on its return journey caught me up later. Most of the mountains in the neighbourhood bear the name of Puy, derived from the Latin “podium,” and nowhere can the results of volcanic action be better studied than in Basse-Auvergne and Haute-Auvergne, divisions of Auvergne, Arvernia, an old province of France. The distance from Clermont-Ferrand to the top of the Puy de Dome is from 8 to 10 miles. * ——=— FRANCE IN JUNE-AUGUST, 1935. 71 On the other 4 days I managed much better by taking the morning blue autobus from the centre of the Place de Jaude, in the middle of the city, and going as far as the Pont de l’Abri Inn on the right of the road. I then continued by walking along the road in the direction of the mountain, carrying my lunch, and soon getting on to good ground on the foothills, reached in about 20 minutes walk. I stayed on these foothills until about 5 p.m., when I got back to the Inn at the Pont de 1’Abri in time to catch a returning autobus at 5.80 pm. That is the only way to work the Puy de Dome mountain now in a short stay, unless one is prepared to hire a private motor car in Clermont-Ferrand. The Electric Railway from the city to the summit, which I used in 1913, is a thing of the past and all the rails have been torn up from the road and are stacked along the roadsides at intervals. The insects of the Puy de Dome mountain region which I captured were :— Rwopatocera.—Pararge maera, L.; Hrebia stygne, Ochs.; Hrebia ligea, L.; Satyrus galathea, L.; Aphantopus hyperantus, L.; Coenon- ympha arcania, Li.; Melitaea dictynna, Esper; Limenitis populi, L. ; Plebeius argus, Li. ; Avicia agestis, Schiff. ; Polyommatus icarus, Rott. ; Cyaniris semtargus, Rott.; Lycaena arion, L.; Chrysophanus hippothoe, L.; Aporia crataegi, L.; Papilio podalirius, L.; Hesperia carthamt, Hub. ; Hesperia serratulae, Ramb.; Hesperia onopordi, Ramb. The C. arcania were a small race; the S. galathea showed a marked tendency towards var. latelians, Obthr., i.e., a considerable increase in white pigment, the best examples of which I have taken since the Great War at Montmien, not very far from Fontainebleau. I was interested in finding L. populi here; it settled on me when I first saw it, but I was able to net it next day, after much persuasion. | Heterocera.—Zygaena lonicerae, Sch. ; Diacrisia sannio, L., both sexes; Arctia testudinaria, Fourcr.; Aspitates strigillaria, Hb.; Pseudo- terpna pruinata, Hufn.; Argyroploce pruniana, Hubn. Nervuroptera.—A species of Chloroperla. Ruyncnota.—Therapha hyosciami, L.; Syromastes marginatus, L. Hymenoptera.—Tenthredo arcuatus, Forst. ; Tenthredo zonula, Klug. ; Tenthredo perkinsi, Morice. ; Tenthredo mesomella, Thms.; Arge rosae, L.; Athalia glabricollis, Thoms. ; Ichnewmon wxanthorius, Frst.; Ambly- teles armatorius, Fst.; Nysson spinosus, Fab.; Crabro cribrarius, L. ; Panurgus ursinus, Gmel.; Panurgus calcaratus, Scop.; Dasypoda plumipes, Panz. CoxnrortEera.— Harpalus latus, L.; Silpha obscura, L.; Silpha tristis, Ill. ; Silpha niyrita, Cz.; Byrrhus pilula, L.; Geotrupes sylvaticus, Pz. ; Hoplia philanthus, Fiiss.; Phyllopertha horticola, L.; Lacon murinus, L.; Dorcadion fuliginator, var. mendax, Muls.; Labidostomis pallidt- pennis, Gebl.; Timarcha tenebricosa, Fabr.; Otiorrhynchus fuscipes, Walt, ; Liparns (Molytes) germanus, L.; Leptura scutellata, Fabr. ; Hippodamia variegatus, Goez. On Friday, 5th July, I left Clermont-Ferrand by railway-autobus for Mt. Dore. Ido not advise anyone to adopt this method if they have any “‘ set’”’ insects in their luggage as I had; the better method, slower but safer in every way, would have been to take the train from Clermont-Ferrand station to Mont Dore station, where the Hotel omni- buses meet the trains, and I adopted this method when I left Mt. Dore in returning to Clermont-Ferrand and Paris. I stayed at Mont Dore until lst August, at the Hotel Métropole et 72, ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V1.1936 Etrangers, a very comfortable and well managed hotel, which I can most thoroughly recommend. There is choice at Mont Dore of many other very nice hotels, ilar, and pensions. Situated as it is in the valley of the river Dordogne, formed by the junction of the small streams Dor and Dogne at “the foothills of the Pic de Sancy mountain, 6186 ft. This is the highest mountain of the Central Plateau of France, a short distance to the south of the small town of Mt. Dore. This mountain asthma-cure resort and watering place lies in a very attractive valley, the next _gtation south of La Bourboule, better known as an attractive Golf and also Cure Resort. The direct route to Mont Dore is via the Quai D’Orsay station at Paris and there are through carriages from there to this terminus station at Mont Dore on the Orleans Railway. The season is from 15th May to 15th September. There are a number of collecting grounds south of and parallel to Mt. Dore; these I will briefly enumerate, viz., the road to Besse, and the Grande Cascade, the Cascade du Serpent, the Pic du Capucins, with the woods before it and the very productive large marsh which lies beyond and just below it. From the village of Rigolet following the telegraph posts over a scrubby pasture rise leads to a wooded eminence alongside which a small stream flows with a smaller marsh. It was here, that wondering small cowherds stared with interest on several occasions at the English Entomologists. The full day which is devoted to the ascent of the Pic de Sancy on the straight road from Mt. Dore leading up to the Buvette at its foot, discloses some good grounds to the left of the road, at different points, which can be gradually visited on other days. For the ascent of the Pic du Sancy itself Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker in “A week at Le Mont Dore,” in Fnt. Record, Vol. XX XIII, No. 4, 15th April, 1921, should be read, as the account of the climb is exceedingly well written though his gloomy conclusions after a short stay in June are not to be accepted for July and at any rate early August. I must not omit to refer again to the Grande Cascade, just below which I was catching 2 very presentable specimens of Polyommatus amphidamas, HK. (helle, Hb.,) on 11th July, though I never saw the species again in the district after that date. Nor must I omit the widely extended generally level plateau above the Grande Cascade, which stretches away in the direction of the Croix St. Robert, passing on the right the Carriere de Sarrevielle, on through the Plateau de Durbise, where the Sentier de Chaudefour exists, but which I never succeeded ir finding in a region of no direction posts and no person possessed of any intelligent local knowledge. In this solitude I tramped all day on 8th July with practically no shade, in the direction of and to the right of Moneau, near where a wooded valley on the right discloses itself. Some distance after passing the above mentioned quarry, at the top limit of this wooded rise, walking each step amongst Rosa alpina (not yet in flower) up to one’s knees at each step, on an almost pathless area, where one hopes to find a path leading down by a stream through the wood to the valley below. This hope is soon disillusioned when one staggers up the stream banks again to a large snow patch to quench ones interminable thirst. There, an Osprey flew backwards and forwards, not more than 30 yards above me, so tame and so curious that I could with difficulty SCIENTIFIC NOTES. . ho frighten it away. Here it was that I first discovered a headquarters of a race of Polyommatus amphidamas, E., a race apparently unrecorded previously by either English or French naturalists, as far as I can gather from the available literature on the district. I was able to secure 5 good specimens of this beautiful insect at this late date, and I should have secured more on this soaking ground, had not the burning heat compelled me to seek shade at some distance. Apparently W. F. de Vismes Kane missed it about the year 1880, certainly G. T. Bethune-Baker did in 1920. Probably in that inaccessible place, the Vallée de Chaudefour, which I could not reach on this day, frequented by Kane, it occurs, here and there, in very sunny places. It loves to settle and sun itself every few moments, in its copper-like habits of flight, on the leaves of the large bushes which grow on the slopes of these very inhospitable and wet slopes, which it is almost impossible adequately to describe, and where it also settles on small flower heads 1n this mountain district. Nor must I omit to mention a long area leading up from Chambon Village, where the road runs parallel to a stream, which later bifurcates, the one branch leading up eventually to the amphidamas eround after a horrid long wet grind; and the other parallel all the way to the road, leading eventually right up to the confines of the Vallée de Chaudefour, where the valley is confined in a pocket by the southern steep slopes of the Pic de Saney. Again I must mention also the valley leading up from the Buvette at the foot of the Sancy Massif to the stony Gorge de l’Einfer, with its rough stony path ; also the Val de la Cour, and some excellent ground, which Mr. Mosely, to whom I am very much obliged for his previous knowledge of Mont Dore, found parallel to the vallée of the Dordogne and to the Ancien Chemin de Besse. I was told that there was a track over the Pic de Sancy range to the Vallée de Chaudefour, but I could not find it. Certainly there is no direction post. I think Kane must either have used the ancien Chemin de Besse, which now finishes at the Buvette, or he must have stayed at Chambon village or at Besse, and have worked this profitable vallée from one of these places, unless the whole of the ancien Chemin de Besse was operative in his day. (Z'o be concluded.) SSCIENTIFIC NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. Note on Tree Gernonyms.—The following notes are on some generic names used in Cat. Lep. France Belg., Vol. Il, Part 1. Page 84. Ommatopteryx, Kirby, 1897 = EHromene, Hb. 1826 (praeoce.). Ommatopterya was published by Kirby (Handb. Lep. Y. 274: 1897) to replace Fromene, Hb., Verz., p. 866 (1826) (pracoce.) and «“ Huchromius, Guenée, Hurop. Microlep. Ind. Meth., p. 86 (1845) ; Meyrick, Handb. Brit. Lep., p. 896 (1895) nom. praeocc.” The name Eromene was praeoccupied by Hiibner himself, Verz., p. 256 (1825) in Nectuidae and is therefore ruled out. The name Huchromius was introduced by Guenée in Ann. S.H. Fr. (2) III. 324 (1845) and Hur. Microlep. Indes, p. 86 (1846), but was neither described nor was any reference given to Hromene: it is therefore invalid from this date. 74 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V1I.1936 The name Euchromius is not identical with Euchromia, Hb. (Verz. p. 121: 1820?) or with Huchroma, Solier (Ann. S.E. Fr. YI. 284: 1838: Coleoptera, Buprestidae). So far as I can ascertain, the name Euchromius was first validated by description by Meyrick in T.E.S. 1890, 479-480 (Sept. 1890) and, if not described previously or used with a reference to Eromene, Hb. 1826, it should be quoted as Huchromius, Meyrick, 1890. It has, of course, precedence over Ommatopteryx, Kirby, 1897. On page 90 we find Donacaula, Meyrick, 1890, used for mucronella, Schiff. Mr. Meyrick himself has stated (Arb. iib. morph. u. taxon. Entom. aus Berlin Dahlem, I. No. 1: 1984) that Donacaula, distin- guished from Schoenobius by the stalking of Fw. 10 with 8, cannot be maintained, as the structure is inconstant in mucronellus, so that Donacaula is merely a synonym of Schoenobius. This correction should also be made in Mr. Meyrick’s Revised Handbook. On page 938 we find the genonym Asopia, Treits., used for farinalis, Linn., instead of Pyralis, Linn. 1758. I do not propose to argue this matter here and merely note that there is no need to reject the name Pyralis, Linn.—T. Barnpricez FietrcHer, Rodborough, Glos. 22nd May, 1936. F TOTES ON COLLECTING, ete, June.—F rom the middle to the end of June the larvae of Cucullia chamomillae are to be found feeding on the flowers rather than on the foliage of chamomile (Matricaria) and the very similar looking stinking mayweed (Anthemis). They feed during the daylight hours as do the larvae of all the British ‘‘ sharks” except C. wmbratica. An ideal spot is a field which has recently gone out of cultivation and is covered with the foodplant, among which there is nothing of value growing, as here the larvae may be swept in mid June from the flowers, or if searching is preferred, look for flowers which have holes eaten into the deep yellow centres. They are easily noted and the larvae are found rolled in a ring on the same head or one nearby. As the larvae progress in size they leave very obvious tracks, eating the white petals off and leaving the centre part only, and at this stage the larva is in the stem just below the denuded flowerhead. When fullfed they eat through the stems and let the flowerheads fall off and are of course most easily located at this stage, but they are also now most heavily “stung.” It pays to take small larvae, which feed up in a very short time indeed. These larvae are fullfed about the beginning of July, and are very beautiful, like china with a high glaze, and vary greatly in colour and hue. They go deep into earth to pupate. Micro-Cotiectine, Mi June to Min Juty.—A visit to some farm- yard buildings— the older and dirtier the better—should prove productive of many species ; cases of Tinea pellionella on the walls, imagines of 7’. fuscipunctella, T. misella, Trichophaga tapetiella,* Aglossa pinguinalis and Pyralis farinalis, will probably be found in plenty. An electric torch is useful for searching the dark corners favoured by the Tinea. If there is an old stack in the yard Pyralis glaucinalis and P. costalis can be dislodged by beating the sides of the stack, with a stick. * tapetzella, L. Sys. Nat. Xed. p. 536 (1758). NOTES ON COLLECTING. 75 The larva of the beautiful Cerostoma sequella feeds on the leaves of maple in June, preferring tall trees to hedges, and is not easily obtained, but at the end of the month the boat-shaped cocoons can be found spun in the moss growing on the trunks. The larva of Zelleria hepariella feeds on ash under a slight web on the leaflets at the tip of a frond, and is full fed towards the end of June. The bright green larva is very active and is likely to drop when the leaf is picked ; it pupates in a dense white silken web. The larva of Mompha decorella feeds in the stems of the common willow herb (Epilobium montana) making a slight gall. The stems of infected plants above the gall are usually more branched and redder in colour ; this enables the galls to be found readily. Very rarely a stem contains two galls. Stems containing a gall should be gathered in July, trimmed of the leaves and side shoots and stuck in wet sand. The larva pupates in a slight silken cocoon within the gall, the imago emerges in the early part of August. The white ribbed cocoons of Bucculatrix maritima can easily be found on almost any salt-marsh in spite of their small size. The larva feeds on the leaves of Aster tripolium but abandons the plant to pupate on any short thin stem close by. The cocoons of the second brood can be collected in early July.—L.'T.F. PuatycLeEis GRisEA, Faspr., NOT in Dereysuire.—lIn his British Orthoptera Lucas gives, with all reserve, a very surprising record for this species from Derbyshire. As Ihave never heard of its capture much more than half a mile from the south coast, I have always felt very sceptical about this northern mention, so wrote to the Curator of the Derby Museum. He was kind enough to send me the specimen. Itis a damaged, female nymph of some species of Copiophora, a South American genus of Conocephalidae, several species of which have turned up from time to time at Covent Garden and elsewhere. It is, of course, no more British than the cobras which have been reported at times, and has nothing in common with the genus Platycleis, except that both belong to the Tettigontidae. The woodcricket, Nemobius sylvestris, Fabr., reported from Derby- shire by the same authority, quoted by Lucas, must of course be regarded very sceptically. Unfortunately, the specimen cannot be traced.—Maxcotm Burr, The Hermitage, Dorney, Windsor. ACROLEPIA GRANITELLA.—In Meyrick’s Revised Handbook of British Lepidoptera August is stated to be the period of the imago. I have dislodged this species from thick corn in September and October and again in April and May and I have taken a 2 flying around Inula at dusk as late as the 10tn June. lEHvidently this species hibernates. —L. T. Forp, St. Michaels, Bexley, Four NEW Foop-PLants oF Parascotia FuLIGINARIA, L.— On 28rd May, 1936, Mr. C. N. Hawkins and I found three larvae of fuliginaria sitting on the under side of a large specimen of Polyporus betulinus, (Bull.) Fr., near the outer edge. Two were actually eating it, and there were several holes in the surface. We found two more larvae on a rather hard brown fungus, with deep ribs on its under surface 76 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V1.19386 growing on dead pine, identifled as Paaillus pannotdes, Fr. A con- siderable number were found eating or resting on a white fungus growing flush with the surface of the dead wood of birch and pine, Corticium vagum, Berk. et Curt. A single larva was found on an oak log, on a bracket-like fungus with orange-yellow lower surface, growing on the bark. This fungus was Sterewm hirsutum, (Willd.) Fr I am indebted to Miss F. L. Stephens of the British Museum for kindly identifying the fungi. Fungi, on which the larva has been found feeding in a wild state in this country in previous years, are Polystictus versicolor, recorded by HE. HK. Green, Polystictus abietinus, Polyporus schweinitzii, and Daldinia concentrica by me (Ent. 1932, LXY. 53; Ent. Record 1985, XLVII. 91.).—EH. A. Cocxayve, 116 Westbourne Terrace, W.2. Nove on THE Larva or AGROTIS AGATHINA, IN THE EixeTER AND NeEw- ton ABBOTT DistRIct.—I have obtained the larva of A. agathina in four separate localities, with very considerable patience and exertion during the daytime by simply beating them into a tray, selecting heather srowing on convenient banks and, where these are not obtainable by beating, tall straggling shoots. I have not yet succeeded in getting Noctua neglecta by this method, though I feel sure it must occur in these localities, as I have taken the moth within a few miles in the same sort of country, so presume the caterpillar must strongly dislike the midday sun. The idea is well worth trying in the case of A. agathina for those who live far from a heath and feel the effect of summer time.—(Cart.) C. Q. Parsons, Torquay. CornisH Nortss, 1985 (continuwed).—Aglais urticae was first seen in a Truro street on 80th March, a sunny warm day; two in April, 4 in July, and about half a dozen in August and September, in various parts of this neighbourhood, complete the record, which is below normal for recent years. Vanessa atalanta was first seen on 11th July (at Falmouth) and the next on 3lst July in a Truro garden, both apparently fairly good. Then a worn one appeared on scabious in the garden on 2nd Sept. and after that from 1 to 7 specimens were seen on Hscallonia in the garden frequently until 10th Oct., nearly all of them in perfect condition, and the last seen flew through the verandah on the sunny morning of 9th Noy. after heavy showers in the night. Vanessa cardut, a somewhat faded specimen was reported in The Field as seen at Tresco, ‘Tsles of Scilly, on 11th April after at least 3 days of S.W. gales. The only specimen seen by me was a very worn one on Buddleia aviculata in the garden on 29th Sept. This species of Buddleia, although, with its small tufts of very fragrant cream and brown flowers, comparing very poorly with the common B. vartabilis, with its long spikes of crowded flowers in various shades of purple and violet, is nevertheless attractive to lepidoptera by day and night, and blooming as it does throughout the autumn and into early December it furnishes a useful attraction long after the other species and most other garden flowers have shut down for the winter and it is well worth growing in consequence. Until I read Mr. Bainbrigge Fletcher’s remarks on ‘“ Wasps as Enemies of Butterflies” on pp. 10 and 11 of the January number of NOTES ON COLLECTING. T7 this magazine I was at a loss to account for the lamentable scarcity of io, urticae and atalanta during last summer, and had to fall back on the frosty and otherwise very unseasonable spell of weather about mid- May, followed by the disappointingly short flowering of the Buddleias, due probably to the succession of hot dry summers of 1933, 1934 and 1935; but Mr. Fletcher’s evidence offers a further factor to contribute to the failure, and I am inclined to think that it may be a very large factor, although wasps, whilst rather more numerous hereabouts than usual, were not excessively so, and last year was less hot and dry than 1933 and 1934. Are there any data about the effect of frost on the eggs of Lepidoptera that do not usually hibernate in that stage ? In surprising contrast to the general experience of butterflies in Cornwall last year was a report from the St. Columb district from a correspondent whose evidence I have no reason to doubt, as he knows our butterflies well. He recorded Red Admirals as common in the garden on Buddleias and Blue Globe Thistles (Hchinops) in August and September; 150 to 200 Clouded Yellows including 2 var. helice on Cornish Marl Clover on a farm near Wadebridge in the first week of September and “a very large population of Painted Ladies”’ in the last week of June. He also said that ‘‘ Peacocks and Tortoiseshells were in great numbers.” I could get no further particulars about any of these records but it seems probable that the cardwi were part of an immigration to which those reported with noctuella and stellatarum at Mullion by Mr. Parkinson Curtis at that time (See Hntomologist, August 1935, pp. 185-6) belonged. My correspondent subsequently recorded a Brimstone, a Peacock and a Red Admiral as seen flying in Carnanton Woods, St. Columb Major, on 13th Nov. a sunny day with occasional showers and not specially warm. I am not quite sure what Cornish Marl Clover is, but believe it to be simply Trifolium medium, which is locally common in the county and is extensively cultivated in the north for fodder, to the virtual exclusion of the commoner T. pratense. Danais plexippus, L. [=archippus, Fb.], is not known to have favoured Cornwall with a visit last year, although reported from three English counties and one Welsh one. Macroglossum stellatarum, a specimen in good condition came into a Falmouth house on 5th March and was alive when given to me on the 13th. I kept it for a week and then released it on a warm sunny day. The next reported was on 17th Sept. in a garden near Newquay and I saw one flying around variegated Japanese honeysuckle on our verandah on 27th Sept. A meagre record for 1935 considering how common it was in 1933 and 1934; but 2 or 3 specimens annually is about the normal number. On 28th July a one-inch green larva of Humorpha elpenor was found on a young fuchsia in a pot in the garden and was brought in and fed on willow herb and evening primrose. After its next ecdysis it assumed the usual black-brown colour characteristic of this species hereabouts. I have never seen a full-grown green one. Herse convol- vuli ; one was found at rest under our verandah roof on 24th, and [ caught one at flowers of Nicotiana at 8 p.m. the same evening. On the 28th a specimen in good condition was flying in the verandah at 7.30 and I caught a very worn male at Nicotiana later on the same evening. On 4th June a fine female Sphinaw ligustri was brought to 78 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.V1.1986 me in the evening for identification and I put it on one of our verandah posts where it settled down comfortably and on the 6th it was still there and in cop. with a male in the morning ; the male left in the evening and the female began laying on the post and continued on the 8th, flying on that evening. It was rather remarkable that she laid some 8 dozen eggs in an open batch on the post, instead of flying away on the 6th, and laying them singly on privet in the usual way. (To be coneluded).—Cuas. Nicxoxson, Tresillian, Truro, Cornwall. Procris coenata, H.§., 1n tae Cotswotps.—This species, which is cognata, H.S., with the spine on male clasper, as defined by Dr. Jordan, and. globulariae, nec Hb., of most British authors, is recorded only from Kent and Sussex in most text-booxs. Tutt (Brit. Lep. I. 413) gives records from Cheltenham and Newnham in Gloucestershire, but states that these are ‘‘ probably erroneous and want confirmation,” and in the unpublished ‘‘ Victoria County List ’’ of Gloucestershire Lepidoptera I find this species recorded from Cheltenham, Newnham and Leckhampton. On 24th June, 1935, I took a freshly emerged male and thereafter up to 11th July more examples of both sexes in a very restricted area at Rodborough and found that I had also taken one on 29th June, 1934, but passed it over at the time as P. geryon, which is very common here during the last week of May and the first half of June. Theoccurence of this species in Gloucestershire is thus definitely confirmed and evidently it is more widely distributed in England than has been realized. The orange-yellow eggs were found on a species of Centaurea (not C. nigra) but none of my larvae survived the winter. On 16th May I noted empty blotch-mines in the Centaurea leaves on the ground where the species occurs, so presumably the larva is full-fed about then. The early stages have been described by Cockayne and Hawkins (Hnt. Rec. XLIV 17-23, 62: 1932). My young larvae blotched the leaves but did not seem to enter inside the blotch, remaining outside and dropping off the leaf at the least disturbance. Whether the name cognata, H.8., can stand I leave to experts in this group to say. Procris cognata was described by Herrich-Schaffer in Schmett. Eur. V1 42 (1852), but there is another Procris cognata, Lucas, Hapl. Alg. p. 878, t. 8, £.2 (1849), which Staudinger (Cat. Lep. Eur. 1. 890, No. 4408 : 1901) quotes as a synonym of P. notata, Zeller, a name which Jordan (Seitz Macrolep. Pal. II. 8) sinks as a subspecies of globulariae, Hb.; so that the name Procris cognata, H.8., 1852, is apparently a primary homonym of Procris cognata, Lucas, 1849, and hence invalid.—T. Bainsricce Fiercuer, Rodborough, Glos. 22nd May, 1986. GXYURRENT NOTES AND SHORT # £NOTICKS. Part 2 of Dr. Hering’s work on Leaf-Mines (Blatt-Minen Mittel- und Nord-Europas) has been issued and continues the List of plants from Carea to Festuca with tabulated descriptions of the insect larva which are attached to each, the mines of some hundreds of species being dealt with in the 112 pages. There are 2 plates of figures and many text figures, and over a hundred species are thus illustrated. Species of Carea (rush) have 26 species of insects attached to them ; Crataegus species have 27; Cirsium have 20; Centaurea havel19; Atra (now called Deschampia) have 17; Festuca have 19; Carpinus have CURRENT NOTES. 719 18; and soon. Such works as these entail an enormous amount of of field research and this work in particular took years of collecting and observing as we know from the admirable Minen Herbarium which Dr. Hering has been issuing. The display of the matter is also very helpful and aids successfully in practical use of the book. Subscribers to this work should know that the price will be enhanced after completion. | Insect Pests or Crops, 1932-34. Bull. 99, Ministry of Agric. and Fish. His Majesty’s Stationery Office. Price 1/- nett (postage extra). —In this report the method of tabular presentation of the facts, which was not given in the last report, has been reverted to as being of more value, in that if summarizes the whole of the facts without omission of many individual records as in the report referred to. After 12 pages of general remarks on the various classes of crops, the methods of control and particular introduced pests, the Tabular Record occupies 238 pages. The columns are Pest, Crop, Year, Province and Remarks. For example, in Cereals we have Lepidoptera:—Apamea secalis—Cereals generally —1934—Norfolk, Berks—Instances of severe damage. The records were made by the officers stationed in the various provinces into which England and Wales is divided for this and other purposes, and the Bulletin has been arranged by the officers of the Ministry under the guidance of J. C. F. Fryer, ¥.R.E.S., Director, Plant Pathological Laboratory. Don Candido Bolivar Pieltain has been appointed Assistant Secretary of the Ministry of Labour in the Spanish government, which includes ‘“‘ Beneficencia’”’ and Public Health. Orthopterists will regret that such responsibilities must occupy his entire time and energies. Politicians are an abundant species, but good entomologists are rare.— M.B. FJEVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS. THe GeniTauia oF THE British Tinerna. By F.N. Pierce and J. W. Metcalfe. Octavo, pp. xxii + 116 + 68 tabs. December, 1935. 30s. —This book has three different titles and we quote that on its spine. The genitalia of the Tortricina were dealt with by the same authors in 1922 and the present volume deals, on similar lines, with the families included under the term Tineina together with the Hriocraniadae and Micropterygidae. Plate 68 also gives figures of genitalia of some of the Aegeriadae but these are not described in the text. The Stigmellidae (Nepticulidae) are not included because they have already been dealt with by Petersen; their omission here seems to be a pity, since few British collectors are likely to have Petersen’s paper at hand; there is, however, a homely proverb about a quart and a pint pot, so we must not object to an attempt to keep this book within sizable limits. As ‘it is, it contains a mass of detail, in a little known subject, which will take some time to digest. In their previous volume on the Tortricina the authors wrote :—‘‘ We . . . present a definite scheme of classification, based entirely on the genitalia . Me hate) here while fully admitting that the final classification can only be arrived at upon the study of all the characters, we feel confident that the present arrangement marks a big step towards the goal, and our confidence is strengthened by the close agreement of our results 80 ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD. 15.V1.19386 with those . . . . veached by the study of other structural characters.” This statement may be considered true of the present volume also, although the authors merely remark that ‘the British Tineina, unlike the [Tortricina], do not fall into a small number of natural groups, but rather into many which are also well-defined.” It is, therefore, satisfactory to find that, broadly speaking, the authors’ classification on generic characters supports that which has been arrived at on other structural and biologic characters; here and there we find a species shifted from one genus to another (e.g., Mompha stephensi to Blastodacna). Our chief criticism on their classification concerns their inclusion of the three species of Acrocercops with the Heliozelidae; we are emphatically of opinion, based on our own knowledge of the structure and biology of numerous species, that Acrocercops belongs to the Lithoeolletidae, an opinion which was held by Chapman (Entom. XXXV. 189-140: 1902). This seems to be a case where convergent characters in the genitalia cannot be held to outweigh other points of dissimilarity. The Adelidae and the Trichoptera both have very long antennae and case-making larvae, but these are merely convergent characters which do not postulate especially close relationship. Antispila and Heliozela form quite a distinct group, with very specialized habits, and we agree with the authors in placing the Heliozelidae much nearer the Adelidae than in Mr. Meyrick’s classification. The authors themselves doubtless will agree that this book is only a preliminary survey of a very large subject. There are gaps here and there and some of these might have been filled, although the completion of every possible omission would have delayed publication sine die. But here and there we do come across small omissions, which could have been filled had the authors indicated their wants before publication ; thus on p. 28, we read ‘“‘ Blastobasis, type phycidella, Zell. We have not seen the type,” although phycidella is a common species and specimens could have been supplied had it been known that they were wanted ; on pp. 12 and 16 the genus Phthorimaea is split into two sections, A and B, and again the authors say that they have not seen the type, an easily procurable species, whose genitalia had previously been figured at least twice, by Philpott and Busck. ‘There are a few misprints (p. iil, ‘‘ Strathmopoda,” “ Stromopteryx”’; pp. xv and 65, “thamesis”’ for tamesis ; pp. 4,5, ‘‘ Psalmathocrita”’; p. 5, ‘* Xytosphora”’ and “‘ erincella,”’ etc.), and on p. 91 the authors have repeated the unfortunate mispelling of Duponchel’s name angusticollella. It may seem ungracious to refer to such small blemishes, but unfortunately these incorrect names have a habit of getting repeated. We regret to see such a short list of subscribers and can only hope that this was due merely to lack of information regarding the approaching appearance of this volume and that we have a few more, who are interested in the British Tineina, than would seem to be indicated by this list. As it is, it would seem disheartening to the authors to receive so little appreciation of their long and arduous labours as pioneers in this field of work. To those select few (shall we say ?) who are not contented with a mere half-loaf (and the smaller half at that !) in studying even such a restricted fauna as is provided by the British Lepidoptera, this volume will be not merely welcome but a necessity.—T. Bainpricce FLetrcuer. = : = = 3 F 4 S. yD saa bv 9 tel! sh ol ad his 58 dk Da EE be Pie ee th Piet die tat Des al i i a . Fede ck) hn Ces Pia) Piero ~ Tt he i yA : OX sunning pe ; wo rer ssa yd eu : Ail MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned te Hy. J. ‘'orner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents nor to send us communications IDHNTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by nuthors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS. Articles that require Innusrrarions are inserted on condition that the AurHor defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. They should be sent to Mr. Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam, Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection; list sent.—h. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicates. —Albimacula* : sparganii*. Desiderata.—Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, », D.caesia. A. J. Wightman, ‘* Aurago,”’ Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex. . Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens - Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgaie Road, Kingston Surrey. Desideratau.—Urgently wanted for research work at the Royal College of Science, Pupae normal form of Hemerophila abruptaria. _ Duplicates.—Pupae of var. fuscata of the same species offered in exchange.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Desiderata.—M. aurinia (artemis) Larva English, Irish and Scotch. Duplicates.—Numerous, Ova, Larva, Pupa and Imagines.— H. W. Head, Burniston, Scarborough. Duplicates.—Argynnis liauteyi, Chrysophanus phoebus, Albulina ellisoni and many rare species from Syria and Morocco. Desiderata.—Rare British and European Macro-lepidoptera, especially Zygaenidae, Arctiidae, Agrotidae.—R. EH. Ellison, Moccas Rectory, Hereford. Desiderata.—Certain common Bombyces from Scotiand, Ireland and Cornwall. Sanio, Rubi, Trifolii, Potatoria, ete., during the year. Duplicates.—Numerous. Please send list.—B. W. Adkin, Highfield, Pembury, Kent. MEETINGS OF SOCiKTI“S. The Royal Eniomoiogical Society of Londen.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensing- ton, S.W.7.,8 p-m. October 7th, 21st. The South London Entomological and Natural History Scciety, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and fourth I’hursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. June 25th. July 9th, 23rd.—Hon. soe Sg S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘* Ditchling,”’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. 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W. F. H. ROSENBERG begs to announce that he has removed to 91 & 94, WHITCHURCH LANE, EDGWARE, (MDDX.) where business will be carried on as heretofore. Very large stock ae Exotic Lepidoptera at low prices. Price Lists gratis and post free. Communications have been received from or have been promised by Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. Willoughby-Ellis, Hy. J. Turner, — D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, T. Greer, T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher, R. EH. Ellison, Rey. E. B. Ashby (late), Dr. Malcolm Burr, Capt. C. Q. Parsons, K.P. Wiltshire, Dr. E. A. Cockayne, Rev. R. E. E. Frampton, C. Nicholson, Wm. ee and s Reports of Societies. eo All communications should be addressed to the ones Hditor, Hy. J. TURNER, 2 ‘‘ Latemar,’’? 25, West Drive, Cheam. IMPORTANT 3 a TO ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES and MUSEUMS. | BACK VOLUMES OF The Entomologist’s Record oe and Journal of Variation. (Vols. I-XXXVI.) GONTENTS OF Vol. I. (Most important only mentioned.) Genus Acronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 coloured plates— Differentiation of Melitaea athalia, parthenie, and aurelia—The Doubleday collection— Parthenogenesis— Paper on Taeniocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Hints (many) Parallel Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina—Work for ¢ Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymic notes—Retrospect of a Lepidopt for 1890—Lifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epwnda lichenea, Heliophobus his; Captures at light—Aberdeenshire notes, etc., ete., 360 pp. oe CONTENTS OF VOL. II. Mervanism AND MeranocHroism—Bibliography—Notes on Collecting aaa on 4 Variation (many)—How to breed Agrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Taentocampa opima —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amphidasys Pe. prodromaria and 4A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Differentiation of Dian- a, thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwieh, Sidmouth, 8. London—Generic nomen- i clature and the Acronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepidoptera—Not on Genus Zya@mna dacirotee) Bylds ae of Gone derasa, ete., etc., 312 pp. To be obtained from— Mr. H. E. PAGE, 9, Vanbrugh Hill, Blackheath, London, S.E. 3. to whom Cheques and Post al Orders should be made payable ee Archer & Co., Printers, 35, Avondale Square, London, S.E.1 AUU oO NIOMOLOGISTS RECORD i AND aD eI TT Eee a a ed ena Oa ee Ee Aa Sea a ed ot RE a ae en ae re ge SS ar Sas Matcotm Borg, D.8¢., F.R.E.S. H. DonistHORPE, F.Z.8., F.B.E.S. Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, F.R.£.8. T. Bainpriccr FLETCHER, B.N., F.L.S., Ki. A. CockayNr, A.M., D.M., F.R.E.S.,~ F.Z.8., F.R.E.S. F.B.C.P. H. KE. Page, F.R.£.S. J. EB. Conuin, J.P., F.R.E.8. ALFRED SICH, F.R.1.S. Rev. G. WHEELER, 3-A., F.R-.E.S., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus.—G. T. Buernonu-Baker, ¥.2Z.8., F.R.E.8. By Hewry J. TURNER, F.R.4.58., F.R.H.8., Editorial Secretary. CONTENTS. ~ Ozoir- le- Ferriére ; Puy de Déme mountain ; and Le mont Dore, Sigkes, in June- August, 1935, (late) Rev. HE. B. Ashby, F.R.E.S., F.Z.S.. es 81 Nores on Conitectinc.—July and August ; Dancing Habits of some Bracon- idae, H. Donisthorpe; Micro- Collecting, Mid-July to Mid-August, L.T.F.; Acrolepia granitella, T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher ; Curious Action of Pergesa porcellus, Id. ; aoe obsitalis, Id. ; Siona (Scoria) fagaria (belgiaria) in Devon, Capt. ¢ . Q. Parsons ; Cornish Notes (concluded), C. Nicholson .. ; ps oe dee a ae we i 83 Current Norzs és. Fi a 7 < Bas = ee vi S88 REVIEWS. —Catalogue des Lépidoptéres de France et de Belgigne: Les Insectes Nuisibles aux Plantes Cultivées : Depdopters ee ane. Tierwelt Mittleleuropas:—T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher .. 91 UPPLEMENTS : British Noctuae, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. II (49)-(56) Notes on Egyptian Lepidoptera observed at Reservoir, Aswan, between October, 1919 and April, 1922, V. Pyralidae, K. J. 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By Hy. J. TURNER, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (Vol. II in course). .», OE Gee Butterflies of the Upper Rhone Valley. By Roger Verity, F.R.E.S. 3s. 6d. British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. w. 6d. Anprews, F.R.E.S. i .. With Supplement od. Back Volumes, Nos. 37-47 of Ent. Record, new series; including Special Index . ; , Price, per vol. 12s. 6d. To be ablnienad naa free bien H. W. Anadis, 6, Baptsecay Road, Eltham, 8.H.9. 2 Phot Aussi Stax gerrerteshy caes Vou. XLVII. Puate I. The Entomologist’s Record, Rev. EK. B. Asusy anp Dr. H. G. Harris In tHE VALLEE DE CHAUDEFOUR. 4 = -* FRANCE IN JUNE-AUGUST, 1935. 81 Ozoir-la-Ferriére; Puy de Dome mountain; and Le mont Dore, France, in June-August, 1935. By the (late) Rev. E. B. ASHBY, F.R.E.S., F.Z.8. (Concluded from page 73.) Dr. H.G. Harris of Southampton, who had been staying at Dieuleit, joined me on 16th July and we collected together until 31st July; he was joined on 28th July by his son Mr, J. H. Harris, who helped me to find a nest of the wasp Polistes gallica in the Vallée de Chaudefour, which Dr. Harris succeeded in reaching by auto. on 380th July. It was on these very interesting days that Mr. J. Harris took a series of delightful photographs, and was the recipient of the second edition of a very deliberate volley of oaths, which a French proprietor in that valley poured upon us for unintentionally treading upon the edge of his grass. I think the farmer must have inherited this characteristic from his grandfather in Kane’s time because its volume was well main- tained, and its indications as precise. His was the only complaint I received during my whole visit. Two bad thunderstorms occurred by day on 12th and 13th July much to my discomfort, and during two or three nights our sleep was disturbed. We found Aricia ewmedon= chiron very widely distributed, contrary to Mr. Bethune-Baker’s short experience in June, and very fresh, settling freely, wherever the flowers of Geranium sanguinewn attracted it. We also discovered a few of the imagines of Araschnia levana, gen. aest. prorsa, L. going over, not far from Chambon village, and also in the wood from the Grand. Salon de Thé on the way to the Pic de Capucin, Mont Dore. Dr. Harris, and his gon left for Dompierre near La Rochelle on 31st July, with several new species, I think, added to his collection. On 27th July, I gave a display of the insects of the Auvergne district in French before about 60 people of various nationalitiesin the Hotel Salon. The very popular Doctor Schmeller presided. This gentleman has lived at Mont Dore, in the spring and summer months for many years, and is extremely well qualified to advise any botanist, entomologist, or any one possess- ing asthma or allied troubles, who may seek relief by a beneficial and pleasant cure at Mont Dore. I can only add that Dr.Schmeller is kindness personified. The following insects were taken by me in the Mont Dore region :— Ruopatocera :— Pararge maera, Li. and var. adrasta, Hb.; Hrebia epiphron, Knoch and var. cassiope, Fabr. and var. nelamus, Boisd. ; Erebia aethiops, Esp.; Evrebia manto, Esp. and ab. caecilia, Hb. and also ab. caecilia, Dup.=constans, Elwes; EHrebia oeme, Hb.; Hrebia stygne, Ochs. and Hrebia euryale, Esper. The Mont Dore region pro- duces a special form of the undersides of this species; lightly dusted with whitish (W. F. Kirby) ; and with the underside of the hindwing without ocelli (Berce) viz. ab. philomela, Hb.; Hrebia liyea, L.; Hrebia tyndarus, E. race arvernensis, Oberth.; ‘‘ notamment Mt. Dore”; Satyrus galathea, Li. var. procida, Hbst.; Mumenis semele, L.; Satyrus hermione, L. (1 seen, Rigolet); Maniola jurtina, L.; Aphantopus hyperantus, L.; Coenonympha pamphilus, L.; Coenonympha arcania, L. ; Argynnis (Brenthis) selene, Schiff. (Pic de Saney) ; A. (b.) euphrosyne, L. (Pic de Sancy); Argynnis aglaia, L. race arvernensis, Guillemot and Brams, (Moneau and Vallée de Chaudefour) ; A. (B.) daphne, Schiff. a 82 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V11.1936 small race; A. (B.) ino, ., Dr. Harris took a nice variety of this insect with striated hindwings, and I took 2 females ab. arvernensis, Guill. deeply shaded with blue-black (Vallée de Chaudefour) ; Argynnis lathonia, E.; A. niobe, L. ab. erts, Meig., and ab. pelopia, Bkh.; A. cydippe Li. (adippe, L.), and var. cleodoxa, Ochs., and var. intermedia, Tutt; A. paphia, L.; Melitaea didyma,O.; M. dictynna, K.; M. pseuda- thalia, Rott.; M. aurelia, Nick.; Vanessa atalanta, L.; V.. cardui, L. ; Aglais urticae, L.: Nymphalis polychloros, L.3. N. io, i., N. antiopa, L. (1 seen, Rigolet) ; Polyyonia c-album, L. var. hutchinsonii, Robson ; Limenitis camilla, L. 1764; L. populi, L., (one large female seen high up on Pic de Sancy, near the Source of the Dor, 16th July): Cupido minimus, Fuess ; lebejus argus, Li. ; Aricia agestis, Schiff. ; Polyommatus icarus, Rott. ; Cyaniris semiargus, Rott. ; Aricia eumedon, K.; Scolitan- tides orion, Pall.; Lycaena arion, L.; Polyommatus virgaureae, L. ; Heodes hippothoé; L., generally abundant and widely distributed, and sometimes showed variation on h.w.; H. alciphron, Rott. var. gordius, -E.; H.phlaeas, L.; H. amphidamas, EK. very localized; Leptidea sinapis, L., one worn specimen ; Aporia crataegi, L., and female observed ovi- positing ; the 8 common Pieridae; Colias croceus, Fourcroy, Lower Vallée de Chaudefour; and 1 ab. ? helice, Hb., route de Besse, Mont Dore, worn; Gonepteryx rhamni, L.; Parnassius apollo, race cebennica, Le Cerf (Vallée de Chaudefour-and environs) ; Hesperia carthami, Hb. ; Hesperia serratulae, H.8.; Hesperia onopordi, Raibur; A. malvae, L. , H. ludoviciae, Mabille, smaller than Adopvea lineola, Ochs.; “ bordure noire élargie, fond des ailes obscurci,” locally abundant, especially Route de Besse. ows H&ETEROCERA : , ait don dba aesllarnniie: L.; Ino. statices, L.; Ayyaena lonicerae, Sch.; Parasemia lene gine L., and var. hospita, Schiff. ; Diacrisia sannio, L.; Agretis corticea,.Hb.; Hadena nana (dentina), isp.; Cleogene lutearia, Fabr.; Psodos quadrifaria, Sula: Metrocampa margaritaria, L.; Anaitis praeformata, Hb.; Melanippe tristata, L.; Hylophila prasinana, L.; Larentia caesiata, Sehift. ; Hriopyzodes imbecilla, Fabr. Dietera:—Therioplectes distinguendus, Verrall; Therioplectes ater- rimus, Mg.; Tabanus sudeticus, Zlr.; Leptis scolopacea, L.; Laphria flava, Li.; Ischyrosyrphus laternarius, Mull.; Syrphus torvus, O.8. ; Sericomyia lappona, Li. . CoLrorTeRA :—Carabus violaceus, L.; Carabus nitens, L.; Carabus monilis, F. var. consitus, Pz.; Carabus arvensis, Hb.; Carabus purpur- -ascens, Fab.; Silpha tristis, Il.; Stlpha nigrita, Cz.; Hoplia coerulea, Drury; Aromia moschata, L.; Rhagium bifasciatum, F.; Leptura scutellata, Fabr.; Agelastica alni, L.; VTimarcha tenebricosa, Fabr. ; Chrysolina éehealis, L.; Chrysolina salviae, Germ.; Chrysochloa tristis, Fabr.; Chrysochloa Gaballad. Schrank; U Woe ate graminis, Li. ; _Liparus germanus, L. ; Otiorrhynchus fuscipes, Walt. ie _ N&EUROPTERA :— Panorpa meridionalis, Rambur; Perla cana Curt.; a Perlodes species; a Chloroperla species. 3 Ortnoprera :—Tforficula auricularia, L. 9; Decticus verrucivor 18, L.; Orphania denticauda, Charp, and larva ; Gryllus campestris, Li. 2. Hymenoptera :—Sirea yigas, L.; Cimbea femorata, Kirby; Abia caudens, Kono; Abia fulyens, Zadd.; Tenthredo vespa, Retz. ; Lenthredo arcuatus, Férst. ;. Tenthredo perkinsi, Morice; Tenthredo maculata, Geo. ; NOTES ON COLLECTING. 838 Tenthredo albicornis, Fab.; Tenthredella livida, L.; Tenthredella meso- melas, L.; Tenthredonsis nassata, L.; Arge ustulata, Schk.; Arge atrata, Forst.; Rhyssa persuasoria, L.; Vespa vulyaris, L.;. Crabro vagus, L. ; Crabro cribrarius, Li. ; Crabro peltarius, Schreb.; Bombus sylvarum, Li. I left Mt. Dore the evening of 1st August, reaching Hounslow the following evening. I must again thank those many entomologists who have helped me to identify my more difficult captures. [Mr. Ashby was very pleased at finding H. amphidamas at Me. Dore, it had only previously been found in France, by Mons. Deslandes, at Porté, Hautes-Pyrenees. Araschnia levana was also recorded by us for the first time for the Puy de Déme oe Entomolo- gist Nov. 1935). —H. G. ea, Supprementaky Novick on THE Late Rey. Enwarp Bernarp ASHBY. —He was born at Chislehurst, Kent, in 1877, and was edueated at St. Ann’s School,. Redhill, and Queen’s College, Newfoundland, He originally intended to go into the Church, but changed his mind* and took up Banking instead. Until five years ago he was with Messrs. Barclay’s, when he retired and took Holy Orders; becoming Curate at St. Gabriel’s Church, North Ac‘on. Previously to that he had always been interested in Church work. He died suddenly on December 17th last from heart trouble. His susceptibility to this was never suspected, otherwise precautions might have been taken. Only a few days before his death on December 11th, he was at the Entomological Club Supper of the writer, when he appeared to be in the best of health and spirits. His large collections of insects of all orders have been divided into three parts ; one has gone to the British Museum (Natural History) ; one to the Rothschild Museum at Tring, and the third to the Hope Department, Oxford Museum. He is buried in the pretty little churchyard of old’ Heston Church, only a few yards away from the last resting place of our late dear r Miss Kirk.—H.S8t.J.D. * As a matter of fact he gave up the idea ae of a bad stammer which was afterwards cured. He told me this himself.—G.W. JAOOTES ON COLLECTING, ete. Corrections. —p. 9,1. 5 from bottom, for Mndothena read‘ Endothenia, p- 48, 1. 19 from bottom, for pygmalena read pyymaeana, p- 76, 1. 1, for pannoides read panuoides. JuLy anp Aucust.—Towards theend of July and in early August the larvae of several Cucullia are to be found by those who care to search for them. C. asteris is widely spread and can be found both in woodland country on Solidago and in coastal areas (on aster) but probably the best place to take them is where extensive timber cutting has produced a large area of cleared land in which Golden Rod (Solidago) is growing in great quantity. These larvae prefer the flowers and are to be found at any time of the day or night high up on the food plant where they can be seen at a distanoe. ‘Take small larvae only. Large larvae are apt to be “‘ stung.”’ [Not my experience.—H.A.C.] 84 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V11.1986 C. ynaphalii occurs in just the same sort of area as described above, but is more local. The larvae of this species prefer leaves to flowers. They feed by day in bright sunlight, but between meals leave the food- plant and lie concealed under any suitable foliage. A good time to search is when the sun breaks through on adullday. The larvae crawl with a swift but jerky movement, ascend the stem of foodplant a few inches, feed rapidly and then descend and hide again, resting with head down on the ground if not prone altogether. They are greatly victimized by ichneumon flies, which attack even tiny larvae. The parasite larva quickly matures, pupates and emerges ready for another raid on others of the same brood of larvae. C. lychnitis feeds usually on black Mullein (Verbasewm nigrum) and is to be found from early July till September. This long period is due to the fact that pupae which have lain over one or more years” often produce moths in May or early June, while the normal emergence period for one-year pupae is July. That the larvae of this species is often found on V. scrophularta may be due to the fact that the usual food- plant is very liable to disappear from localities where it has been in evidence for a number of years and then reappear so that moths must often emerge and be unable to find the Verbascum near at hand. C. verbasci larvae also occur on V. nigrum. Both species may be found together. These larvae remain on the plant all day and as is usual with such Jarvae are badly ‘“ stung.” Danone Hasirs or Some Braconrpar.—On 14th June when in Windsor Forest I noticed what I took to be a cloud of *‘ midges ”’ sway- ing gently up and down over Miss Irene Kirk’s head. Striking at them with a small fly net, I found I had captured some small Braconids. The insects then transferred themselves to me, ‘’ dancing” over my head. We captured more specimens, and found they were all one species, which Mr. Nixon bas kindly named for us as being probably Blacus paganus, Hal. 3 3. Of an allied species, Blacus tripudians, Hal. , Haliday says the males sport together in airy dances on warm, sunny afternoons, like the gnats of the genus Chitronomus, and he adds. « spectaculum oratissimum Pi Marshall says he has observed a similar habit in another species, probably ruficornis. As for the reason of this habit one can only suggest it is some kind of love dance, or marriage flight.— Horace DonistHorpn, Entomologi- cal Department, British Museum (Nat. Hist.) Rererences.— Haliday, A. H., Hnt. Mag. 8. 42 (18386). Marshall, J. A., Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1889, p. 170. Micro Coxuectinc. Mip-Juty ro mip-Aueust.—The larva of Phtheochroa rugosana feeds on bryony (Bryonia dioica) during this period eating the berries, stems and leaves, concealed in a cavity formed by spinning a portion of a leaf to a stem or berry. It hibernates as a larva in a strong silken puparium. The larvae will spin up best on some rough material such as virgin cork; they should be kept out of doors for the winter. . The larvae of the second brood of Huaanthis straminea feed in the NOTES ON COLLEOTING. 85 seed heads of knapweed (Centaurea nigra) on the unripe seeds, and pupate in the heads. The imagines emerge towards the end of August. Gracillaria azaleella is becoming a pest in glass-houses in the south of England, where azaleas are grown in numbers, and the larvae can be found at almost any time. Apparently there are two main broods—the larger in July to August—but late and early members of each almost make the species continuously brooded. The larva spins a leaf into a cone and when full fed pupates on the underside of a leaf between the edge and midrib, sometimes two on a leaf. I was asked to rid some azaleas of this species and gathered over 150 larvae, cocoons and imagines from only three plants. ! The larva of G. cuculipennella feeds on the leaves of privet and ash at the end of July and early in August, making a typical Gracillaria cone. It pupates in a long spindle-shaped cocoon slung inside the cone in which it has last fed. The larvae of Hpermenia chaerophyllella feed in little companies on the underside of the lower leaves of Heruclewm at the end of July making large brown blotches. The larvae leave the plants to spin their cocoons—in captivity they will spin up on the leaves or on the side of the breeding-cage. The imagines of Orthotaelia sparganella are very sluggish and are seldom seen unless one resorts to the somewhat uncomfortable process called “grouting,” but the larvae and pupae can be found in great abundance in the lower part of Sparganium. The pupae, if taken out of the stems, should be kept.on damp flannel or blotting paper. In my note on A. granitella in place of ‘‘ corn” read “ cover,’ in the June no. —L.T.F. AcCROLEPIA GRANITELLA, TReITSs.— With reference to Mr. Ford’s note (ante, p. 75), the following records (all under Acrolepia yranitella) may be noted :— (1) Barrett, H.M.M. XIV. 271 (1878): Pembroke, moth hibernates, - larva VI in leaf flea-bane. (2) Stainton, H.M.M. XVI. 36 (1879): larva Inala helenium, I. dysenterica. (83) Meyrick, #.M.M. XXVII. 59 (1891): larva mining [nila leaves in Algeria. (4) Sich, Mut. Rec. XXVIII. 207 (1916): Babbacombe (S. Devon), _ 20.vi1.1916, larva and pupa on Inula dysenterica, open net-work cocoons underneath mined leaves, moth excel. VIII. On the Continent this species is well-known to have a special predilection for sheltering in caves and fissures in rocks: see Demaison, Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1910, p. 76 (Lourdes, 28.viii.1908) ; 1911, pp. 402-403 (Catalonia, 28.vii.1910; also previous references to similar occurrence at Reims); 1915, p. 257 (N. Brittany, in caves, 31. vii and 2.viii.1915). All these records refer. to dates in July and August, when the species emerges, but possibly it may hibernate in such situations.—T’. Bainprigcz Fuercuer, Rodborough; 80th June, 1936. Currous Action or Prercrsa porceLLus, Linn.—Pergesa porcellus is common in my garden every June and may be seen feeding in numbers at the Valerian flowers for ashort time from 10 p.m. (summer 86 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.V1II.1986 time), and sometimes also at Silene flowers. Occasionally one visits a sugar-patch, hovering as at a flower. On 18th June. however, I was surprised to find a specimen resting on the tree-trunk alongside a sugar- patch and feeding actively on the sugar. I have seen a few thousands of flower-frequenting Sphingids feeding in various parts of the world but never before one that sat down to its meal.—T. Barnsricer Fuercuer. Rodborough. 29th June, 1936. Hypena opsitatis, Hp.—Barrett (Lep. Brit. Is. VI. 822: 1900) recorded only a single specimen of H. obsitalis, taken at Bloxworth, Dorset, on 21.ix. 1884, and considered that this specimen must have been an accidental importation. South (Moths, I]. 93-94: 1909) also knew only of this one specimen. Since then, it has been recorded as taken at ivy at Paignton on 5.x.1908 by Milman (Entom. L. 44 : 1917) and on 11.vii.1917 another example was seen at Iford, Dorset, by Haines (Hntom. L. 256: 1917). As this species has recurred in the same part of England over an interval of more than thirty years, it seems probable that it is a regular inhabitant and not a mere casual introduction, as implied by Barrett. It is curious that there are no more recorded captures, but doubtless the species is overlooked and a search in likely places might well turn it up. I used to find H. obsitalis in Malta in shallow caves and at Hyéres (S. France) I have taken it frequently at and around ivy-bloom and in the house. A search in very shaded corners (shallow caves, old mine-shafts, out- houses, thick ivy, ete.) is indicated by collectors in Dorset and South Devon. South’s figure is good as far as it goes but only represents one form of H. obsitalis, which is an extremely variable species, so that collectors should not keep a look-out only for this one form. My Maltese specimens were taken mostly in May and June, those from Hyéres between November and January inclusive. Warren (Seitz, Pal. II. 485-486: 19138) states that H. obsitalis is ‘‘merely a chance immigrant” in Britain; his figures (t. 738i.) should be compared with that given by South. Culot (Noct. Eur. I. 225-226: 1917) also records this species from S. Europe and gives two figures (t. 80, ff. 18, 14), which give a better idea of it. In L’homme’s Cat. Lep. France, I. 887, No. 917, Hypena obsitalis.is recorded mostly from localities in S. France but also as occurring as far north as about 47° N. Latitude. It seems, therefore, quite possible that this species occurs as a resident in the warmer parts of S.W. England and it would be worth while looking for it during the late summer in such shaded places as I have indicated. Lhomme gives its time of appear- ance in France as ‘‘vi., vii.-x.,”’ to which I might add ‘ x1.-i.”— T. Barysricce Fuetcuer. Rodborough. 380th June, 1986. Siona (Scorra) FaGARIA (BELGIARIA) IN Devon.—I took a freshly emerged male of this species on Great Haldon on 7th June, and should be interested to know if anyone else has seen this moth in Devon. I can find no record for the county of Devon, but I may have overlooked it in one of Studd’s articles.—(Capr.) C. Q. Parsons. Seaway Lane, Torquay. (P.8.—In my note on the larvae of A. ayathina in the June No. it should read ‘“ with very little trouble.’—C.Q.P.) [C. G. Barrett, Lep. Brit. Is. VIL! 80 writes, ‘ Still Fanta in Surrey, and tolerably common in the New Forest, and in Dorset, also found in r ‘ NOTES ON COLLECTING. 87 Kent, Sussex, and Berkshire. Curiously enough I find no records in the rest of the Southern Counties, nor in the Kastern or South Western.’ Nor does South record the species from Devon. Perhaps other readers may have fagaria from Devon. In its haunts it can be trodden up from among heather on slopes, e.y., Shirley and Oxshott-in Le on sandy gravel soil.—Hy.J.T.] Cornish Notes. (Concluded from p. 78).—On 18th Oct. the manager of the County Council Depot at Tresillian gave me a female Arctia caia that he had found some days previously on the floor of his office shed. She had laid 340 eggs in a small tin in which he had placed her and I kept these eggs for over » month, but they did not hatch and were no doubt infertile, as they began to lose their shape and one or two here and there in the patches became light grey. This is the first example of this species that I have. met with here in any stage. Curiously enough another late specimen was reported as having ‘been found on a wall at Dartington, Devon, on 2nd Nov. Plusia gamma was represented almost entirely by wings left in our verandah by long-eaved bats, which find it a happy hunting ground from July to October. The first gamma wing was found on 4th July and tbe last on 21st Nov., a hundred and twelve specimens having been accounted for during that time, mostly in August and September. It was very interesting to determine how many speci- mens were represented when more than one wing was found and in the case of hindwings I made no attempt to differentiate. On one occasion about a dozen wings were found and these I worked out as representing 7 specimens; on another occasion 5 specimens were represented ; but mostly only one or two wings were found. | During September the flowers of Hscallonia macrantha attracted gamma, atalanta and urticae by day, and, when I was watching for convolvuli in the evenings, yanma was common at the Hscallonia flowers behind the Nicotiana plants, but convolvult never took any notice of those flowers, and gamma took no notice of Nicotiana, probably because its tube is much too long for their tongues. Two Nomophila noctuella were seen in the garden—a brown one on 13th Aug. and a nice fresh dark grey one on the 21st. The wings of 4 others were found in the verandah on 8th, 13th, 20th Aug. (very worn) and 2nd Sept. (good). On 28th Oct. I noticed a perfect specimen of the typical form of Miselia oxyacanthae—I have not seen var. capucina here yet—resting on the floor of the verandah and on picking it up it seemed dazed, although apparently quite uninjured and a female. It moved its legs feebly, but rested in a natural position with its legs spread in a normal way: I boxed it, thinking it might have been stunned in some way, but although it was kept for over a week it never moved and eventually died and was pinned without being set, as a curiosity. Dysstroma truncata, which is usually common in tke verandah in the autumn—mainly the dark grey form, with an occasional centum- notata and comma-notata—was represented by only one living specimen (26th Sept.) and the remains of 8 specimens on 8rd July, 13th, 21st, 25th, 29th Sept., 14th, 15th (2) Oct. respectively. There is very little of interest to report in ‘ other orders.” I was surprised to find a lively specimen of Chrysopa vulgaris on the window in the hall on the evening of 14th Jan. 88 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15. V11.1936 Bombus lapidarius, B. lucorum, and B. terrestris appeared first in our verandah on 20th, 21st and 26th March, respectively, all warm sunny days. Andrena fulva (@ ) was first seen in the garden, where it nests, on 11th April, and there were 2 in the verandah on the afternoon of the 23rd. On 11th Jan. I picked up a ‘‘ queen” of Vespa vulgaris crawling rather sleepily on the wet surface of the main road in Tresillian village. The 9th and 10th were sunny and mild after frosts in the night, but the 11th was dull, breezy and showery after slight frost, and I was very surprised to see a hibernating wasp atlarge. I brought her home, gave her a feed of honey and she settled down comfortably in normal hibernating pose in the box in which she remained for several weeks before I liberated her.—CuHarues Nicuoxson, Tresillian, Truro, Cornwall. @URRENT NOTES AND SHOR’ NOTICES. The first day of the 2nd Congress of the Society of British Kntomo- logy, at Cambridge on 27th June, was a pleasing success. The meetings were held in the Lecture Room and Laboratory of the University Museum of Zoology and some 80 members of the Society were present. Dr. A. D. Imms, D.Sc., F.R.S., F.R.E.S., University. Reader in Entomology and President of the Society for 1936 presided and gave his Presidential Address, ‘‘ Insect Phylogeny.” After giving a historical survey of the views of various authorities and the bases of these views, he stated the more recent views of ‘Tillyard and others, illustrating his remarks by a series of suitable diagrams. Although the subject was a very intricate morphological one 1t was handled in a masterly way and made quite intelligent to the mixed audience present. This was succeeded by a ‘Talk on Wicken Fen from a botanical stand- point with a series of admirable lantern slides clearly illustrating the character ol the mass growth and describing what had to be done to prevent the growth of any one component from .becoming too vigorous and thus changing the ecological character and its consequent reaction upon the present fauna, which lovers of nature were anxious to preserve, The Visitors then went into the courtyard and the official photograph of the Congress was taken. Lunch ensued and was served in the Hall of Christ’s College, at which it may be noted that both Milton and Darwin were students. Time allowed a short visit to the beautiful Fellows Garden of the College. In the afternoon the subject ‘ Insect Migration ” was discussed, initiated, in the regrettable absence of Dr. Williams through illness, by Capt. Dannreuther and Mrs. Grant. This was succeeded by a capital and clearly arranged address on the ‘Respiration in larvae of parasitic Hymenoptera and Diptera,” illustrated with many slides of the preparations made in this inquiry. At 4.15 p.m. tea was taken in the Main Laboratory where various Exhibits were laid out. In the evening a Conversazione was held in Christ’s College and the Congress Dinner took place at 8 p.m. in the College Hall. A meeting of the Entomological Club was held on Wednesday, 20th May, 1936, Mr. R. W. Lloyd in the Chair. ‘The meeting was called for 7.80 p.m. at 1,5 and 7 Albany, Piccadilly, W.1. Members present, in addition to the Chairman :—Mr. H. Donisthorpe, Mr. H. Willoughby CURRENT NOTES. 89 Ellis, Mr. Jas. B. Collin, Dr. Harry Eltringham, Mr. W. J. Kaye. Visitors present :—Dr. K. G. Blair, Dr. Karl Jordan, Sir Guy A. K. Marshall, Dr S. A. Neave, Capt. N. D. Riley, Dr. Hugh Scott. Dinner was served at 8 o’clock and on retiring the Chairman showed and explained his collection of Alpine Lepidoptera. The guests then dispersed about the various apartments which are rich in articles of Vertu and Works of Art. Only a comparatively small portion could be seen during the evening but the fine collection of prints and old water colour drawings presented an opportunity of seeing what is probably a unique collection brought together in a private residence. The happy party remained till the later hours of the evening and many hopes were expressed that a further opportunity may occur to enjoy even more fully the rare and beautiful things, which owing to lack of time, could only be so inadequately appreciated.—H. WittoucHsy Ewus. We trust that readers will furnish us with further short notes on collecting. The early and late appearance of species, the abundance or otherwise of species compared with previous years. Part 60 of the Supplement to Seitz Palaearctic Rhopalocera has appeared. It deals with the Geometers by L. B. Prout on sheet 8 with 2 plates of 88 figures; additions to only a few British species are contained in this part including Sterrha sylvestraria (straminata) with 1 addition; S. laevigata (a probable introduced species) with 7; 8. inguinata (herbariata) with 8; S. biselata with 1; S. trigeminata with 1. The long-used name bisetata is here corrected to the original name biselata, Hufn. Of the main volume of Seitz 3 further parts came to hand with the above, all dealing with the African Fauna. Pt. 596 contains only 3 plates of Geometridae 12. 18. 14. containing over 150 figures. Parts 594, 595 contain Sheets 27, 28, with four plates 25-28 of Nocturdae. The decease is announced of Prof. Doctor Raffaello Gestro, the honorary Director of the Musio Civico di Storia Naturale of Genoa and honorary President of the Societaé Entomologica Italiana. He was one of the most eminent of Italian Entomologists and had reached an advanced age. From Dr. E. Berio of Genoa we have received a copy of his memoir “ Contribution to the Knowledge of the Variation of Agrotis puta, Hb. (Noct.) ” which was published in the Ann. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Genova, vol. LIX. pp. 69-117 and 8 plates. -In it the author reviews the recorded variation and the names used by previous writers, some twenty in number, and then proceeds to describe nearly 30 new forms, which he names, and most of which he figures (b. and w.). In the first part 46 variant forms are dealt with and in the second part the geographical and subspecific forms are discussed. The latter portion treats of ssp. meridionalis, Splr., Spain: ssp. subrubra, Dnbl., Italy; ssp. toisea, Berio, N. Africa: ssp. syrivola, Cort.-Drdt., Syria: ssp. radius, Haw. England: and ssp. renitens, Hb., Central Europe. Messrs. Philip Allan & Co., will shortly produce a popular handbook of our British Orthoptera by our colleague Dr. Burr. Although it will be freely illustrated, every effort is being made to keep the price down, and to bring the book out in time for the coming season which, for the Orthoptera, is not in full swing until August. The title will be “ Our Grasshoppers and their Allies. A stimulus to their Study.” 90 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.V1I1.1936 Lambillionea still continues the record and illustration of aberrations of the continental butterflies with excellent photographic plates ; in the May number 8 named forms of Colias hyale are figured, ab. parisiensts, Obthr., ab. elongata, Vorbrdt., and ab. radiiformis, Schultz, all hitherto not ficured although previously described. The recent issues of L’ Amateur de. Papillons contain some very interesting.and: useful matter.. There is a Discussion going on with regard to the apparent | irregular relation between climate and the distribution of species, tendine to. show that climate i is. far from being the main factor in governing such specific areas. An account of the distribution. and variation of Thais Cae hypermnestra, Scop. (polyaena, Schiff.) in the S.E. of France is interesting reading. It occurs even in bleak neighbourhoods at 800 metres altitude. Useful field notes are given of the various stages and a black and white plate of 11 figures is added. There has also been an article well worth our photographers’ consideration on the Stereoscopic Photographs in colours. of imagines and larvae of Lepidoptera. We have received 7 separates on the Argentine Fauna contributed by. our correspondent Capt. K. J. Hayward to the Revista of the Argentine. Entomological, Society and to the Anal. S.C. Argent., containing mainly descriptions of new species and forms of Argentine Lepidoptera, taken by himself in his collecting expeditions, and illustrated when necessary by figures and diagrams. _ The London Naturalist for the year 1985 has just come to hand. It is as usual a very good record and report of the various smaller societies (sections) comprised in the London Natural History Society. Entomology is much more evident in the pages this year, about 27 pages being occupied by two of the six papers read at the meetings which take some 17 pages and the reports on Entomology in the Society 1 p.,on Dragonfiies 1 p., Butterflies in 1935 a summary of 34pp. of notes received by a number of observers, on Galls 1p. These reports are largely due to the careful work of the Hon. Minuting Secretary, Mr. Hi. J. Burkill, M.A.: Is it not necessary in all reports and such like to indicate the old Eatin names which occur in the ordinary text-books consulted by the beginner, when using the revised names? Where can one find Ochlodes venata in our text-books? It is impossible in our times for beginners to obtain every new book issued. They can afford, say, South’s books and trust to pick up revisions in reports and magazine artictes. Linnaeus wrote hyperantus and aegeria. The remainder of the 114 pp. of this capital Report is taken up with matter relating to the other sections of the Society’s activities. sith UME Spanish Journal Hos continues to issue very interesting and useful memoirs. The part 8 of volume IX contains (in English) a ‘“comparative study ”’ of the ‘“‘ Nesting Habits of Solitary Bees.” It consists of 110 pages with 13 plates. The largest section of the memoir deals with the Adult Period: Maternal Cares, Choice of Nesting-site, Cells and their Construction, Provision of Food, Laying of the Ege, Sealing up of the Cell, Number of Cells in a Nest, Arrangement of Cells, Distribution of Sexes in a Nest, and Closing of the Nest. _. Dr. Hedicke is editing a Hymenopterorum Catalogus published by the famous house of Herr Dr. W. Junk, similar to the Lepidopterorum Catalogus which is now fast drawing to a close, we hear. This new Catalogue will be compiled by specialists in the order throughout the REVIEWS. 91 world. The Catalogue hitherto in use has been that of Dalla Torre issued some thirty or forty years ago and now long out of date. If these Lists of references are as well done as some of those in the Lep. Cat., the Hymen. Cat. will be well worth the trouble and expense of issue and will accelerate the advancement of the knowledge of the Order. ' A meeting of the Entomological Club was held at Chantry Lodge, Guildford, on Saturday, 30th May, 19386, Mr. W. J. Kaye in the Chair. Members present in addition to the Chairman.—Mr. H. Donisthorpe, Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis, Mr. Jas. E. Collin. Visitors present.— Mr. H. E. Andrews, Major EK. EK. Austen, Dr. K. G. Blair, Mr. Hugh Main, Mr. F. A. Oldaker, Mr. W. H. T. Tams, Mr. C. J. Wainwright, Dr. G. A. Waterhouse (of Australia). At 12.30 the guests were received by Mr. and Mrs. and the Misses Kaye on the terrace of their garden which overlooks beautiful and extensive views over the Surrey hills. Amongst the interesting collections in the Chairman’s Museum the Trinidad collection of Khopalocera created much interest. The butterflies of Trinidad number over 600 species. The Sphingidae and several groups of mimetic species of Heliconius were also inspected and discussed Amongst the latter Heliconius charithonia, in the larger Antilles, was mimicked by females of Dismorphia widely differing from the males. At 1 o’clock luncheon was served and early in the afternoon most of the Members and guests walked, under the guidance of the Chairman, up to the Chapel of St. Martha’s which stands on a hill 578 ft. high. The views from this point are very fine and can be enjoyed towards every point of the compass. The present little church is barely 100 years old having been entirely restored from what was nothing but a ruin. The original structure was built about 1190 on a spot once the scene of the execution of some early Christian martyrs (hence the corrupted name of St. Martha’s) and was used as a Chantry by pilerims journeying to Canterbury during the Plantagenet period. On return to Chantry Lodge, tea was served on the terrace in warm and sunny - weather, which enabled the view across the hills to be enjoyed in comfort in the open. The guests dispersed about 6 o’clock with many pleasant memories of their visit—H. Witioveasy Huis (Hon. Secretary.) FWEVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS. CataLocuE Dus L&pipoptsrEes DE F'RaNcE ET DE BetciquEe.— Volume II, Fascicule 1: pp. 172: Léon Lhomme; December 1935. Price 40 francs (including postage). The second volume of this useful catalogue, dealing with the so- called Microlepidoptera, is to be published in parts, each devoted to one or more Families. The first part includes the Pyralidina, the second will include the ‘‘ Plumes,’’ Phaloniadae and Tortricidae, and the third the Hucosmidae. We can most cordially recommend this catalogue to our readers and it will be indispensable to all interested in the Micros., as practically all our English species are found in France also. It is more than a mere list of names, as it includes references to literature, full details of the distribution of the species in France and Belgium, short diagnoses of subspecific forms and notes on larval foodplants and sometimes on biology. This catalogue can be obtained direct from Monsieur Lhomme, Chateau du Carriol, par. Douelle (Lot).—T. BainpriccGe FLercuer. 92, ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V1I1.1986 LES INSECTES NUISIBLES AUX PLANTES CULTIVEES.— Volumes I (Decem. 1935) and II (Jan. 1986): pp. xii + 1921, 7 coloured plates and 1361 text figures. By A. Balachowsky and L. Mesnil. Paris: Busson. Price 200 francs.—These are indeed portly tomes, 104 by 8 inches, and scaling about 12lbs. wt. They include a complete account of all inseets noxious to cultivated plants, the subject-matter being arranged under the plants attacked, so that Chapter I (which runs to over 600 pages) includes Pests of Fruit-trees, Chapter II Pests of the Grape-Vine, Chapter III Pests of Cereals and Grasses, and so on, after which we find polyphagous pests attacking all crops, Insects injurious to Stored Products, and a Section on Insecticides, Volume II coneluding with a Bibliography and a General Index. We may well be ashamed to acknowledge it, but we have no comprehensive work of this kind, or anything to approach it, on the Insect Crop-pests of England. We congratulate the authors on its production. It should prove most use- ful to all who are in any way interested in Crop-pests, not only in France but in all the adjacent countries in which these insects occur. To the Kconomic Entomologist it will be indispensable. The non- economic worker will find many details of interest to him whatever be his particular group, and even the pure Systematist, who turns up his nose at Economic Entomology, will have to consult it for descriptions of some new species (see, for example, Oscinella grossa on p. 1012, O. agropyri on p. 1015). The printing and get-up are good and most of the figures are excellent and quite sufficient for the recognition of the insect concerned, although one can pick out a few that are not up to the mark (e.g., fig. 1088, Phthorimaea. operculella, which is hopelessly bad). On pages 112 and 114, blocks 90 and 93 have been transposed by an accident in printing. On p. 1644 the full-grown larva of Agrotis “‘ypstlon’”’ is stated to be 4 to 4:5 mm. long, an error for em. (but why not say 40-45 mm. ?). The zealous hunter for exact accuracy may note a few similar minor errors (p. 125, Cacaecia for Cacoecia, p. 505 ‘“‘ glowert”’ for gloveri, p. 1823 “ chalcistes”’ for chalcites, etc.) but they are few and do not detract from the value of the book, which should be found most useful by all entomologists with a working knowledge of the French language.—T. Batnspricce FPLetcHer. Leerpoprera (in Die Tierwelt Mittelenropas, VI. Band, 3 Lief (pp. 1-94, 240 figs.), and Hrgdnzungsband, I. (pp. ix.+545, 808 figs.)). By M. Hering. Leipzig; 19382.—These two volumes appeared some four years ago but we do not remember having seen any notice of them in the English journals, and the fact of their publication is probably known to few of our readers. Both deal with the Lepidoptera of Central Europe and are on the same plan, comprising Keys to Families and Genera in the main volume and to Species in the supplementary volume, both illustrated by numerous diagrammatic sketches. The divisions into Families and Genera are mainly those used in Spuler’s book to which Dr. Hering’s publication will form a useful supplement. Those who have attempted the preparation of lengthy keys of this sort will be in the best position to realize the immense amount of work which Dr. Hering has put into these. As these Keys include English forms, they will be of use to collectors on this side of the Channel also, and still more so to those who are able to collect on the Continent.— T. Bainsricce FLEetcuer. =a : j PR ee Pre pty Cee ew “are aoe iM bite ees ae a All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned te Hy. J. ‘Torner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents Nor to send us contmunications IDENTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS, Articles that require Inusrrarions are inserted on condition that the AurHoR defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. They should be sent to Mr, Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,” West Drive, Cheam, Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection ; list sent.—R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicates.—Albimacula* , Sparganii*. Desiderata.— Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘* Aurago,”’ Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria”, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey. Desiderata.—Urgently wanted for research work at the Royal College of Science, Pupae normal form of Hemerophila abruptaria. Duplicates.—Puypae ot var. juscata of the same species offered in exchange.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Desiderata.—M. aurinia (artemis) Larva English, Irish and Scotch. Duplicates —Numerous, Ova, Larva, Pupa and Imagines.—H. W. Head, Burniston, Scarborough. Duplicates.—Argynnis liauteyi, Chrysophanus phoebus, Albulina ellisoni and many rare species from Syria and Morocco. Desiderata.—Rare British and European Macro-lepidoptera, especially Zygaenidae, Arctiidae, Agrotidae.—R. FE. Ellison, Moccas Rectory, Hereford. Desiderata.—Certain common Bombyces from Scotland, Ireland and Cornwall. Sanio, Rubi, Trifolii, Potatoria, ete., during the year. Duplicates.—Numerous. Please send list.—B. W. ddkin, Hiyhfield, Pembury, Kent. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. The Royal Entomological Society of London.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensing- ton, S.W.7.,8 p.m. October 7th, 21st. The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. July 23rd. Aug. 13th, 27th.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, « Ditehling,”” Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. The London Natural History Society.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. Entomological Section, Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society.—Evening Meetings. On the third Monday of each month; 7.45 p.m., at 55, - Newhall Street, Birmingham. Visitors welcomed. Those who would like to attend or exhibit please apply to—P. Siviter Smith, Pebworth, Stratford-on-Avon. In the heart of the Beautiful grounds; fine, well- equipped house, hot and cold water New Forest. in bedrooms, excellent beds. Photo- THE WATERSPLASH HOTEL graphic dark room. Terms 84 to 5 * guineas per week. Special long BROCKENHURST, HANTS. — period terms. Illustrated brochure Telephone: Brockenhurst 244. on application. where bases will be carried on as oe Exotic Lepidoptera at low prices. a | Price Lists gratis and post free. ) Communications bave been received from or have been _promised Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. Willonghby-Ellis, Hy. « D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, T Greer, T. Bainbrigge-Flet Ellison, Dr. Malcolm Burr. Capt. C. Q. Parsons, E. P. Wiltshire, Dr. E. A. C R. E. E. Frampton, Wm. Fassnidge, Rev. T. G. Edwards and Reports of Socie All communications should be addressed to the Acting ee Hy. = ‘* Latemar,”’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. IMPORTANT BACK VOLUMES OF The Entomologist’s Record | eS and Journal of Varia (Vols. I-XXXVI. ) CONTENTS OF Vol. I. (Most important only mentioned.) Genus Acronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 colour Differentiation of Melitaea athalia, parthenie, and aurelia—The Doubled Parthenogenesis — Paper on Taeniocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Parallel Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina- rk fot Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymic notes—Retrospect of : pt for 1890—Lifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epunda lichenea, Heliophobus his spidu Captures at light—Aberdeenshire notes, ete., ete., 360 pp. | c= pee ae CONTENTS OF VOL. Ii. es . = eo MeELANISM AND Afncawostnaten = Bikliontuphy mes on Collecti 2 Varratron (inany)—How to breed Agrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Tae —Collesting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hypbridisin prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Differentiat thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwich, Sidmouth, S. London—Ge: clature and the dcronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepide on Genus Zya@na (Authrocera)—-Tybrids—-H ymenapiers—Lieinetary, derasa, etc., efc., 312 pp. To be obtained from— Myr. H. E. PAGE, 9, Vanbrugh Hill, Blackheath, London, su to whom Cheques and Postal Orders should be mnde payable — Archer & Co., Printers, 35, Avondale Square, London, S.E.1 cr OCT 3 1936 | ee eee: ol. XLVI Matcoum Burr, D.S8C., F.R.E.S. H. DonistTHORPE, F.Z.8., F.R-E.B8. - Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, F.R.E.S. T. BarnpRicGE FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.8., = EK. A. Cockayne, A.M., D.M., F.R.E.S., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. of F.R.C.P. H. EH. Paan, F.B.E.8. J. Hi. Contin, J.P., F.B.E.8. ALFRED SICH, F.R.E.S. Rev. G. WHEELER, M.A., F.R.-E.S., F.Z.8. a : : | Editor Emeritus.—G. T. Beruune-Baxenr, ¥.2.8., F.R.E.S. : By Hewry J. TURNER, F.z.5.8., F.2.H.8., Editorial Secretary. CONTENTS. ke eon nobiaptes bipunctanus, Zeller 1848, Leonard T. Ford .. ee ae 93 Notes on the Lepidoptera of Skye, W. S. Gilles, F.I.C., F.R.E.S.. ie 94 : | In Spain again, Malcolm Burr, D.Sc., F.R.E.S. a oe Ae ae 96 | Early Stages of Indian Lepidoptera, D. G, Sevasiopulo, F.R.E.S. .. ae 99 Norzs on CornEectine.—Ibalia cultellator, Latr., in Windsor Forest, Horace _. Donisthorpe; Micro-collecting in September, Y Fad 2) ange Swarm of **Broghoppers,’’ T. F. Marriner; A Query, T. F. Marriner; Some - Autumn Tortrix Larvae, Rev. R.E. E. F.; An Evening at Light in 8. _ Devon, Rev. T. G. Edwards, M.A. - Catching Morphos in the Corea- ~ yado, Rio de Janero, Hy.J.T. ; Immigration of Plusia gamma, Rev. : George Wheeler, M.4., F.R.E.S. nef ; : Se wy ats 100 ‘Corrent Norzs *: sia fosaiote Fr sua oes ni Fe we 103 ¥ UEPLEMINTS : British Noctuae, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. II (49)-(56) Be New Heterocera from Asia Minor, Hans Bytinsky Salz.. .» (1)-(6) -Subseription for Complete Volume, post free TEN SHILLINGS, to The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., 6, OA N Road, Eltham, 8.B.9. This number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). @ q Watkins & Deca | (ESTABLISHED 1879) i CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDE by the Collector, at keenest Prices | Large stocks always. maintained for quick service. Pall Catalogue post free per return se 4 i Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of the World. ot 3 36, Strand, London, W.C.Z., England — : P,O, Rox. ur 126) : TELEPHORE= ee BAR 945 J. J. HILL & SON, = **"QARU2RSAngte = YEWFIELD ROAD, N.W.1@. ’Phone : WALLERDEN. 0309. Specialists in interchangeable unté systenis. Specifications and Prices sent post free on application : THE VASCULUM — 4 The North Country Quarterly " = of Science and Local History. — ae EDITED BY ee Steen The Rev. J. E. HULL, M.A., D-Sc., Belford Vicarage, Norchuhiberiand = assisted by A. W. Bartlett, MA., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, DSe5 F.L.S., William Carter, F. C. Garcett, D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D:Sc., 4 : F.L-S., J. VV.."Fi. Harrison, D-Sc;, F-R: GS A. Raise M.Sc., Ph.D. oS oe ‘ J. A. Smythe, D. Bie: Bo orce WwW. teeecde ‘a The Vasculum is now in its twenty-first volume, the annual subscription i is five shillings “4 and should be sent to ; WILLIAM GARTER, 13, Kimberley Gardens, Neweastle-on-Tyns. ‘* We strongly recommend this bock.’—Trish Naturalists’ Journal. BRITISH “SEE Their Homes and Habits = NORMAN JOY, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.R.E.S, Moe ee | | (Author of ‘* A Practical Handbook of British Beetles.) = = | Illustrated with 4 full-page photographic plates, 27 plates of repre- bes Si ¥ : sentative Species and numerous text diagrams. Size 8 in. by ET See re Cloth Gilt, 5/- net. SS ieee ae FREDERICK WARNE & CO, LTD., 1-4, Bedford Court, London, wee, ‘“ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD” Publications. — a ‘ List of British Geometers: with named varieties and synonyms. — Sayre Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S. . Price, one copy, 1s. Od. ; two, ave 6a. Supplement to Tutt’s British Noctuae, Vol. I. By Hy. J. Tones, ot Tt F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (Vol. II in course). 10s. a Butterflies of the Upper Rhone Yaliey. By Roger Verity, F.R E. s.. 3s.-60. British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. W. 60, a Anprews, F.R.E.S. .. With Supplement — Od. 4 Back Volumes, Nos. 37-47 of Bint. Record, new series; including Special = Re Index . : ; Price, per vol. 12s. 6d. a To be ablated iia tpee iréin H. W. Aspoaae: 6, Fouivorky Road, dig ae BE a s MELISSOBLAPTES BIPUNCTANUS, ZELLER 1848. 93 Melissoblaptes bipunctanus, Zeller 1848. By LEONARD T. FORD. I was fortunate in finding this species in some numbers on the sandhills between Sandwich and Deal on the 16th July of last year. At about 10 p.m. the females were making short but vigorous flights over the herbage and the males were resting on the ground or on plant stalks vibrating their wings, which were half raised, for a second or so at short intervals. As the moth has not yet been reared from the egg I thought it would be worth while to make the attempt. I had previously tried to rear larvae from eva which the Rev. R. H. KH. Frampton kindly supplied to me. A female was placed in a large flower-pot half-filled with sand and furnished with a spike of viper’s bugloss on the flowers of which she could feed. I also put in the potas much of the flora of the sandhills as I could gather from my garden leaves, flowers and seeds of Lotus, Ceras- tium, Plantago, Trifolium, etc., and some bits of grass. As the larva is reputed to feed on dead insects, a few were also included. Fresh blossoms, etc., were added every few days. At the end of August I noticed some slight silken webs on the surface of the sand but could not see any larvae. On stirring up the sand, however, | uncovered a small larva, less than a quarter of an inch long and dark brown in appearance. During the autumn and winter a little fresh vegetation was added to the collection in the pot and the sand was damped slightly at intervals. By May the surface of the sand was covered with silken tunnels with adhering grains of sand. The tunnels were in groups of 1, 2 or 3, each group radiating from a vertical silk lined tube in the sand. On 24th May I dug up a larva from one of the vertical tubes; it was: then 15 mm. in length, dirty-white in colour, but the undigested food within gave the larva the appearance of being black or dark brown for 3 of its length; head brown with a few hairs; plate of 2 and anal plate blackish brown ; a sub-dorsal row of black spots, two to each segment, the four spots of the two rows almost forming a square, a lateral row of black spots, one to each segment, a black sub-triangular spot on penultimate segment with apex towards the head; a few vreyish hairs. On 28rd June the larva, which in the meantime had made a fresh tube, was again disinterred. lt was then 17 to 20 mm. long, with a few greyish hairs on the head and body; face almost black, head dark brown, plate of 2 and anal plate blackish-brown ; body nearly uniform in breadth, very dark brown, almost black, lighter on the underside; legs and pro-legs light yellow-brown. Owing to the dark colour of the skin the sub-dorsal and lateral rows of spots do not show but are per- ceptible under a magnifying glass. The larva is somewhat wrinkled and is similar in general appearance to the larva of Aglossa pinguinalis, but not so black. It was not practicable to keep a larva under close observation because, as far as I could ascertain, the larvae never leave the tubes, feeding at the end of the surface tunnels and extending them when necessary to reach fresh food. I could never see a larva in my flower- pot although I inspected it frequently both during the day and night. I did not wish to disturb them unduly, as digging up a larva involved the destruction of its vertical tube. 94 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1X.1936 On 25th June of this year I visited the spot where I had found the imagines in the previous year. I soon found the surface tunnels in the moss, Brachythecium albicans, B. and 8. Although I searched for some time I could not find any traces of larvae except in the moss. Evidently Brachythecium albicans is the natural food although the larvae in captivity will eat almost any dry vegetable matter. Some of the dead insects which I put into the flower-pot became disintegrated during the winter. I cannot say positively that parts of the insects were eaten by the larvae; at any rate dead insects do not form the normal diet. Some dead moths added in the Spring were not touched. The vertical silk-lined tube, in which the nearly full-fed larva lives, extends 4 or more inches below the surface. At the top it is fairly strong but lower down it is very fragile and practically impossible to follow for its full length. The larva pupates in the tube about 14 to 2 inches below the surface in a very thick silken sub-triangular cocoon. Apparently just before pupation the tube from the surface to the lower end of the cocoon is strengthened by being lined more thickly than before with silk, for a tube containing a cocoon is much stronger than one containing a larva, so tough in fact is the former that on one occasion when peeling off a layer of moss I pulled up a tube with its cocoon. A tube containing a larva is much too delicate to pull out of the ground. The pupa (a male, which I dug out of the ground at Sandwich) is pale yellow-brown, the head, thorax, wing cases ae dorsal line darker in colour; length 14 mm., breadth 34 to 4 mm.; breadth uniform for 2 of its length. The pupa is of the eee type, cremaster without hooks; antennae, legs and wings clearly defined. It has three movable segments and the five central segments show tubercular scars. The chitin is very thin, the wing markings showing clearly two or three days before emergence; pupal stage about three weeks. ‘The moth emerged on 4th July at about 8 pm. As I then still had a larva from Sandwich the period of emergence must be well over three weeks. Mr. W. R. Sherrin of the British Museum (Natural History) kindly identified the moss on which the larva feeds. Notes on the Lepidoptera of Skye. By W. 8. GILLES, F.1.C., F.R.E.S. As there do not appear to be many published notes on Lepidoptera in the Isle of Skye, some observations made during a series of summer visits, extending over a period of 20 years, may be of interest. The island cannot be considered by any means a paradise for lepidopterists ; the great dearth of trees, in contrast to the mainland, militates against that. The rainfall is excessive and bog conditions prevail nearly everywhere. Ling is scattered throughout, but the Bell Heather is far more abundant, otherwise bog-myrtle is perhaps the commonest plant. As compensation the scenery is magnificent and the atmospheric effects marvellous. Among the butterflies, Hrebia aethiops is common in grassy holiows, appearing during the last week of July. Coenonympha tullia rv. scotica is plentiful in Glen Sligachan and similar boggy areas towards the NOTES ON THE LEPIDOPTERA OF SKYE. 95 end of June. Argynnis aglaia is generally distributed over the whole island and common. There is a tendency towards ab. borealis, Staud., the blacks spots on upper side being enlarged and marginal area paler ; the silver spots on under side are also smaller. It is sometimes out by the middle of June. Polyommatus icarus is of the fine large single- brooded form occurring elsewhere in the North of Scotland and Ireland, the males of a deep rich blue and the females with much blue on them, ab. coerulea being not uncommon. No attempt is made to give anything like a complete list. of the moths found in Skye but only random notes on species I have come across. Parasemia plantaginis is occasionally seen flying wildly over the higher moors, ab. hospita being not uncommon. Saturnia pavonia, Bombyx rubi and Lasiocampa quercus f. callunae are all common in the larval state allover the moors. Dicranura vinula is also universally distributed on the dwarf sallows. Ten larvae of Notodonta ziczac were found this year on sallow at an altitude of 1500’ on the slopes of Sgurr nan Gillean. Pygaera pigra is very abundant in the larval state all over the island on the sallows, and is of course single-brooded here; the moths are quite distinct, smaller, with the lighter areas on the forewings much reduced in intensity, giving the insect a more uni- colorous appearance. Acronicta rumiicis is frequently met with as larva on sallows, a large proportion are of the melanic form salicis, Curt. A, menyanthidis larvae are often abundant on bog-myrtle, full fed by mid-August. Hadena glauca larvae occur, but not commonly, on heather. H. pisi f£. scotica, Tutt, is another abundant moorland species. Plusia festucae is occasionally seen, flying over the moor in bright sunshine. Larvae of Anarta myrtilli are common on Erica and Calluna, the form is larger than the southern one and bright crimson in colour. The Geometridae are those usually met with in the Highlands; afew are worthy of note: Crocallis elinguaria is common in Glen Sligachan, at rest all over the moor, many are ab. fasciata, Gillm. Huphyia bilineata is a common moorland species, most are ab. infuscata, Gumpp., but the race atlantica, Stdgr., occurs. Hulype hastata larvae are extraordinarily abundant in spun-together leaves of bog-myrtle all over the boggier parts of the island ; they appear to form a race intermediate between the type and subhastata, Nolck. Among the Crambidae, C. margaritellus is generally distributed in grassy places, similar in type to those found on the mainland of Scotland. C. ericellus is found fairly freely on the moors, appearing towards the end of June and remaining in good condition till mid-July. Among the Tortrices, Peronea hastiana is common on sallows ; J have bred a large number, but all dull-coloured forms, such as one finds in most localities. P. aspersana is plentiful everywhere. I have bred the form ab. fuscana, Sheld., of Rhacodia emargana. Penthina dimidiana is fairly common in shoots of bog- myrtle. Among the Tineae, Telphusa triparella vr. myricae has been bred commonly from bog-myrtle. 96 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1X.19386 In Spain again. By MALCOLM BURR, D.Sce., F.R.E.S. The International Congress gave me a heaven-sent opportunity of visiting Spain again, and reviving memories of collecting in that wonderful fauna during many seasons before the war, and of renewing old friendships. 3 Don Ignacio Bolivar published his general account of the Orthoptera of Spain in the year I was born. I used to see him fairly often about thirty years ago, and we corresponded regularly from about 1897 to the outbreak of war. And last September, I found this grand old entomo- logist still going strong, and his son Don Candido, whom I had known in the ‘‘larval stage,” not only inheriting his father’s mantle, but taking an active part in his country’s affairs. The latest news I have is that he is Secretary of the President’s Council. I fear that this means a strenuous life, and that Entomology will suffer. When the Congress was over, I slipped away to the south by the night train, travelling with a party of sailors returning from leave to the naval base at Cartagena. They were most of them typical good- looking young specimens of Homo mediterraneus, but one was of northern stock, a Gallego, a vigorous fellow who dominated the conversation all night, although it was his second in the train. They had the charming manners of the country. The Gallego, seeing that I had been in Spain before, asked me how I liked it. I told him that I had seen a great deal of this country many years ago, and that I was very fond of it. His reply was ‘“ Sezior, el encanto de un pats no es en sus rios y montanas, sino en su gente,” to which I should have liked to have added, ‘‘ y en sus ortépteros.”’ About seven in the morning I left the train at a small wayside station called Calasparra, in the unfashionable province of Murcia, where tourists do not throng. A friendly porter put my kit on a motor-bus, that stopped for needed refreshments at the town of Calas- parra, situated of course about three miles from the station, and then we climbed 25 kilometres to the prosperous little town of Moratalla, a pleasant place’on the flanks of a lofty hill, overlooking the extensive olive groves that form its wealth. I called on the alcalde to report that I was an eccentric but harmless Englishman, who had come to make inquiries about a certain wolf, and to catch grasshoppers. Unfortunately, | was much too early in the season for the first and nearly too late for the latter. The alcalde did all in his power to help. I then took a seat outside the posada and called for a glass of wine. When I tried to pay my penny, the proprietor told me that the sefior in the corner had paid for me, so I thanked the sefior ceremoniously, and begged the favour of inviting him to have a glass with me. | “Qh, no, Sefior!’’ he exclaimed, ‘‘ You are an Englishman honouring us with a visit, the second time a foreigner has come to Moratalla, and you must not pay for your own refreshment.” This little incident, and others like it, are worth recording even in an entomological paper, to counteract some of the alarmist rubbish that has been spread, or at least exaggerated, in the press. I stayed three or four days at Moratalla, where the usual late IN SPAIN AGAIN. 97 September species were numerous enough, such as Mantis religiosa and a species of Ameles; among the grasshoppers Acridella nasuta, L., larvae, Omocestus raymondi, Yers., (?), Chorthippus - biguttulus, L., Dociostaurus genet, Ocsk., the inevitable Aiolopus strepens, Latr, Oedipoda caerulescens, li., and O. miniata, Pall., on the rocks above the town, Anacridium aegyptium, L., both adult and immature, Calliptamus italicus, L., Pezotettia giornae, Ocsk., which spends most of its time in cop., like tiny frogs, and Paratettia meridionalis, Ramb., by a water course just outside the town. I picked up one or two of the solitary phase of [.ocusta migratoria, L., I was glad to take Sphingonotus azurescens, Ramb., the southern form, and Pyrgomorpha conica, Ol., another southern species. More interesting still was a short-winged Omocestus, which Dr. Uvarov finds is new, so he has described it under the name Omocestus burri, Uv. It is related to the endemic Iberian 0. minutissimus, Bol. At Moratalla I found a species of grasshopper that ] have known ever since I first collected in the south of Kurope, and, like everybody else, regarded it as Huchorthippus pulvinatus, F.de W. But the exam- ination of this fresh material, together with some from the Sierra de Guadarrama, Sierra de Gredos and from Portugal, has enabled Dr. Uvarov to establish that the Spanish form is not the true pulvinatus of Fischer de Waldheim, which is of course a Russian species, but distinct. It was described many years ago by Brisout de Barneville under the name declivis, which has always appeared in the books as a synonym of pulvinatus, as it was not suspected that there were two closely related but distinct species. The true declivis is therefore now recorded from Spain for the first time, but it is also a native of the south of France, Italy and Macedonia. At night I used to listen to the undulating lilt of Oecanthus pellucens, the bush-loving cricket that sings so sweetly in the autumn evenings in the south of Europe. It is such a fragile pale little creature, that one wonders how it can produce so great a volume of sound. I have never seen it actually performing, but a photograph of an American species shows that it raises its disproportionately large elytra into a vertical position, which gives a wonderful resonance. AIl who strolled about the grounds of the Residencia de los Estudiantes during the Congress must remember three of the characteristics of the autumn evenings in the south, the music of this cricket, the hoarse whistle of the Scops owl, both against the background of the dark green bushes of oleander, with their beautiful crimson flowers. As I looked down from the train window on to the grey, baked plains of Murcia, I wondered what were the spots, as though of blood, in the dried stream beds, and only when close enough did I realize that it is the oleander that gives that spot of colour to the somewhat mournful landscape. On 18th September, I drove down to Calasparra to catch the train to Cartagena. I had an hour or two to wait, during which I was splendidly entertained by the old porter, his wife, and charming daughters. As Cartagena is a naval base and garrison town, resembling Dover in that way as well as physically, I judged it wiser not to potter about the fortifications collecting grasshoppers. I regretted that, as I had hoped to trace down a locality where many years ago a collector, long dead, found some extremely interesting Orthoptera and beetles of 98 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1X.1936 Asiatic affinities. So I took the motor bus along the coast to the east. The broad flats beyond the high ground are given up to aviation, so I did not linger there, especially as from a hurried glance I saw no sign of Orthoptera, but stopped at a pleasant little village called Torrevieja, now being turned into a resort about forty kilometres up the coast towards Alicante, in the province of that name. The local industry is salt evaporation, so here I felt I might find the local race of Dericorystes milliert var. novae-carthaginis, which is known only from Cartagena. I had taken two species of the genus in the Transcaucasus, and always found it on Salsola, which I rightly expected to find along this coast. I was right ahout the Salsola, but found no trace of Dericorystes. I did take however several specimens of a small Sphingonotus, about which Dr. Uvarov cautiously reserves his opinion. There was the common Acrotylus insubricus, Scop., and of course O. caerulescens, L., two larvae of a species of Phaneroptera, Acridella nasuta, L., adult and larvae, D. genet, Ocsk., A. thalassina, F., and also two southern forms. Pyrgomorpha conica, Ol., immature, and Calliptamnus siculus, Burm. Perhaps the most interesting was T’hisot- cetrus littoralis, Ramb., a well-known species restricted to the seashore of the coast of southern Spain. As Rambur’s original material came from Andalusia, we may feel reasonably certain that these specimens are the true littoralis ; this is not without its importance, as a second species, adspersus, Redt., originally described from Turkestan, has been reported from “‘ Cartagena.” I never found 7. littoralis more than a hundred yards or so from the beach, flying actively among the long herbage and scanty grass. On the 22nd, I went to a locality which can be identified. as Puente de Greda, as it is marked by a handsome bridge where the road crosses the estuary of a small stream, the Greda. The channel and banks of the river are covered with thickets of Salsola and other succulent plants, and reed beds. On the few dunes by the shore itself, I noticed numbers of what looked to me like a bluish butterfly, though it did not fly nor settle like one. Out of curiosity J caught one, and found it to be Detopeia pulchella. It was a delight to examine so exquisite a creature, which I bad only once before seen alive, when, as a small boy of about ten, [ had taken one at the Folkestone Warren, also near the sea; but there, I suppose, 1t was a Frenchman. The common things here were Aiolopus thalassina, F., Acrotylus patruelis, H.S., and A. insubricus, Scop., O. caerulescens, Li. and immature Hmpusa. There were also Omocestus raymondi, Yers. (?), Acridella nasuta, L., L. migratoria, ph. solitartia, Pyrgomorpha conica, Ol., adult, A. aegyptium, L., adult and immature, the latter both yellow and green, Oecanthus pellucens, Scop. I worked for Acrydium, but the only Tetrigid I found was P. meridionalis, Ramb. Truly southern, too, there was Calliptamus siculus, Burm., Thisoicetrus littoralis, Rampb., and one species of real African appearance, that is found only on the very edge of Europe, Tropidopola cylindrica, Marsh. It is one of those elongated, almost cylindrical grasshoppers, of which I used to take several species in the uplands of Angola. Here I found it by beating reeds. The adult is pale buff, to match the grass in the dry season ; the larvae are green, which must have been the primary colour. It was very tantalizing to be in so good a spot so late in the season. ~The local speciality, Pycnogaster sanchezgonezt, I. Bol., was over, which EARLY STAGES OF INDIAN LEPIDOPTERA. 99 I regretted, as it would have been nice to have made the acquaintance of that obese Tettigonid, and compared its habits with those of Ephippigera, the Hetrodidae of Africa, and Bradyporus of the Black Sea district. I strolled back to a hut rigged up near the beach, where a family was spending the summer and paying their expenses by selling refresh- ments. If it had been in England, it would have borne the inscription ‘‘Tea and Minerals.’ As it was in Spain, it provided melons, fish, egos, and wine out of a jug. Refreshed appropriately, I turned my steps reluctantly homewards, by motor-bus to Cartagena, and then by the night train to Madrid. When we stopped at Calasparra I looked for my friends, the old porter and his family. I had sent them a card to explain that I should not have the pleasure of seeing them, as I was passing in the middle of the night, but the passage of a train is an entertainment, and the family were out in force. The good-looking daughter asked me if I would like a cup of coffee, and a moment later her mother appeared, and held up to me a big cup of black coffee, piping hot, and half a tumbler of brandy: “This will help you on your journey, Sefior,” and, as they waved good-bye, they made me promise to write. Is it surprising that 1 am fond of Spain and the Spaniards ? P.S.—The above was written, of course, before the appalling out- burst of civil war that brings sadness to the countless friends of Spain, in particular to those who had the good fortune to enjoy her splendid hospitality last summer, during the ealm that preceded the storm.— M.B. Dorney. 5.viii.36. Early Stages of Indian Lepidoptera. By D. G. SEVASTOPULO, F.R.E.S. (Continued from p. 59.) LYMANTRIIDAE, Porthesia (Euproctis) scintillans, W1k. Head yellow-brown. Ground colour blackish. A pair of red tubercles tufted with hair on the 1st somite. A pale dorsal stripe from the 1st to the 8rd somite, the portion on the 38rd being yellow with a red central line. A black dorsal swelling on the 4th and another on the 5th somite, that on the 4th edged anteriorly and laterally and that on the 5th posteriorly with yellow. A yellow dorsal stripe from the 6th to the 10th somite with a redcentralline. A black dorsal swelling on the 11th somite. 4th to 10th somites with raised black lateral blotches dotted with white. | Pupa. Yellowish-brown, thorax and wing cases greenish. Abdominal somites with a subdorsal and lateral dark line. Enclosed in a thin cocoon of brown silk mixed with larval hairs. Foodplant.— Lagerstroemia indica (Crape Myrtle). Described from a full fed larva found in Calcutta 18.x.31, pupated 22.x.31 and a male emerged 31.x.31. Hampson describes three other forms of larva, but omits this, the only form I have seen. Seitz’s description is as follows :—‘ Head and 100 ENTOMOLOGISY?’S RECORD. 15.1X.1936 legs brown, head with two hair tufts on red tubercles. Dorsum white with a red streak, the third joint with a red tubercle, 4th and 5th joints with black hair tufts, penultimate joint with a black torus, last joint brown. On the sides greyish brown and red longitudinal stripes.”” He does not give the food plant. Hamps. Moth. Brit. Ind. I. p. 488.. Strand-Stz. Indo-malay Bomb. X. 333. J OTEKES ON COLLECTING, ete. IgaLia CULTELLATOR, Latr., 1s Winpsor Foresr.—On 15th August, 1986, when beating burnt Scots’ pines in Windsor Forest, a specimen of this very large Cynipid fell into the beating tray. It is known to be a parasite on the Wood Wasp (Sirex gigas, L.). I have placed the © specimen in the British Collection of Cynipidae in the Natural History Museum, where it was only represented from Guildford by one speci- men (G. C. Champion), Rickmanhurst, one specimen (R. Benson) and a certain number of specimens bred by the late G. H. Crawshay at Leighton Buzzard.—Horace DonistHorps (British Museum, Nat. Hist. Entomological Department.) Micro-coLLectine In Sepremper.—The larvae of many species can be obtained by collecting the seed heads of various plants towards the end of September and during October. Laspeyresta rufillana, and Lozopera francillana in seed heads of wild carrot: LPhalonia badiana and Metz- neria lappella in seed heads of burdock; Phalonia roseana and Endothenia gentianana in teazle heads; Phalonia curvistrigana, P. subroseana and P. implicitana in seed heads of golden-rod; Metzneria neuroptella and M. metzneriella in seed heads of knapweed. The seed-heads should be spread in a thin layer on sand in shallow boxes and covered with wide mesh muslin or leno to protect them from the attacks of birds. The seed boxes used by nurserymen make con- venient receptacles. The boxes should be kept out of doors (but under cover during the winter) and the contents watered freely during dry weather. The seed-heads will keep free from mould if they are thinly spread and the muslin cover is of wide mesh.—L.T.F. A Swarm oF ‘“ FRrogHoppers.”’— In August, 19384, I was convalesc- ing after a breakdown, and was lying on a deck chair in my garden at Kingstown, near Carlisle, one day when I noticed that a Chrysanthe- mum plant near me was simply swarming with ‘froghoppers.’ I had not noticed them come but I know they had not been there half an hour before. I called for help and tubes and took some fifty specimens. I found that every chrysanthemum plant in the garden was alive with them. I was called indoors to tea and when I again came into the garden an hour later there was not a single ‘ froghopper’ to be seen. I mentioned the experience to one or two entomologists, but they could not account for it. Do these insects migrate? Do they swarm ? Can any one give information on this point ?—T. F. Marriner. A Query.—Here is another curious happening for which I can dis- cover no explanation. In the hedge opposite the garden gate of my new Feilside home, is a huge straggling gooseberry bush. On the afternoon i NOTES ON COLLECTING. 101 of 8th June this year I found this bush simply swarming with the cater- pillar of Abraxas yrossulariata. Icollected some half-dozen to breed out, and meant to secure a further batch next day, but when I went to do so, there was not a single specimen to be found. I searched the hedge and all around very carefully but found none. What had happened to them? Birds will not touch them. They had not dropped to the ground or I should have found some. The weather had not changed. I have not been able to account for the disappearance.—T. F’. Marriner. Some Autumn Tortrix Larvar.—Laspeyresia splendana and Pam- mene juliana.—Infested acorns drop about the middle of September, two or three weeks before the natural fall, and may be distinguished by irregular patches of discoloration. In my own case the collected acorns were kept each year in shallow gauze-covered trays for purpose of observation, and as the larvae appeared out of the acorns they were removed to suitable pots with litter, scraps of cloth, etc., and put out for the winter. Pammene juliana usually left the acorn between the middle and end of September. The larva is white with a small brown head ; the tubercular dots conspicuous, of a dark dull red. Itis active and wanders about, trying to escape from the tray. The larva of Laspeyresta splendana leaves the acorn from the end of September on, once at least as late as 26th October. It is dirty whitish witha brown head and no visible dots or other markings ; it is sluggish and makes no attempt to escape. Of both species 1 obtained most from the Cam- bridge district, and some from Sidmouth; they both existed in my own West Kent locality, but were in practice unobtainable as owing to the ravages of Tortria viridana year after year the oaks were unable to fruit. If larvae of Laspeyresia pomonella and L. funebrana cannot be readily obtained from the fruit, recourse must be had to the tree trunks; but if the larvae are disturbed from their winter habitation the former species will usually die and the latter, I believe, always. The bark of old apple trees flakes off easily, and the former larva can often be removed without undue disturbance; and I once found about fifty under or near ancient grease-bands on two apple trees. The bark of stone fruit trees does not flake off readily; the best method therefore with Laspeyresia funebrana is to fasten a canvas band tightly around the tree trunk, and to remove it every morning and collect the larvae before they have had time to spin up. The larva of Phalonia badiana (dirty whitish) may be found in burdock seedheads full fed at the end of September and on during October. The white larva of Metzneria lappella is often plentiful in these heads; it may be collected at anytime during the winter but may as well be left till March, when the hard knot formed by a few seeds spun tightly together is easily found by pressing the withered heads.— Rev. R.E.E.F. AN EVENING at Licut in 8. Devon.—I have just returned from a short holiday in S. Devon where I have on several occasions tried the attrac- tions both of sugar and light on the cliff face. One memorable night on 19th June produced between 10.30 p.m. and 2 a.m. (summer time) over 60 species of Macro-lepidoptera at a 102 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. . 'oeersee Corporation lamp favourably situated on the sea front and command- ing an extensive view of the cliffs. There was a considerable quantity of Silene nutans growing near and some low sallow bushes, a little elm but no other hard timber. ‘The captures included Sphina ligustri, Choerocampa elpenor, C. porcellus, Aretia villica, Dasychira pudibunda, P. palpina, Macrothylacia rubi, Agrotis lucernea, A. lunigera, Dianthoecia albimacula, Habrosyne derasa, Thyatira batis, Notodonta dromedarius, Lithosia caniola, Chariclea umbra, Acontia luctuosa, Cucullia wmbratica, Biston betularia (typical form) Mysticoptera sexalata (sewalisata), Calothy- sants amata, and many others. Subsequently, a few days later, I took an excellent series both of A. lunigera, A, corticea and Leucania putrescens at sugar near the same spot.—Kerv. T. G. Epwarps (M.A.), Tulse Hill, 8. W.2. Catcuinc MorpHos In THE Corcovapbo, Rio pz Jansro.—“ On Sunday, 19th March, Paineiras (Corcovado) by the 9 a.m. train. The sun had been up since 6 a.m. and continued to shine all day, there being practically not a cloud in the sky. Numerous men with butterfly nets were stationed all along the railway line, as there have been every Sunday since Morpho anawxibia has been about. I saw practically nothing till after 10 o’clock. ThenI sawa 2 M. anaaibia fluttering around a tree and settling. With considerable difficulty I got to the tree, as it was right in the thick forest and on a steep incline. I managed to find where it had settled, but it flew up before I could get my net into position. After that I saw very little except an anaaubia g now and again, till at 11.45 I managed to catch a male, and almost immediately afterwards there were a number of females flying about. Their flight was rapid, but pausing every instant, as if laying an egg. They were flying very high, and the stick of my net was too heavy to swing it into position quickly enough. So I did not manage to catch a single one. At 1%.10 noon, they as suddenly stopped flying as they had started, and I saw no more females, but managed to catch two more males. There were a couple of boys with nets a short distance from where I was. I asked them if they had caught anything and they showed me three males. They both had dark blue nets and sticks only about 14 to 2 metres long. While speaking to them a male came flying about 20 to 80 feet above the ground. One of the boys immediately started waving his net about rapidly a couple of feet or so above the ground, and I was absolutely dumbfounded to see that butterfly come floating right down, and one might say, right into the net! Another one came along almost immedietely and the boy went through the same performance, but this one seemed to hesitate in its flight and described a circie, but did not come down and so was not captured. All the men have dark nets with relatively short sticks. They sell the specimens and get anything from about 4d. to 4/- or 5/- a piece for them.’ [Copied from notes sent me by a friend in 8. America some 20 years ago.—Hy.J.T.] Immigration oF Pxvusra cGamma.—On Sunday, 28rd August, I noticed a large number of P. yamma in my garden, the numbers of which continued at about the same level for the following seven days. My brother tells me that on the 24th they were in hundreds in the CURRENT NOTES. 103 public gardens, and I also noticed a considerable number in other gardens that I passed. or the first few days all appeared to be making their way northward after feeding, but latterly they have been flying about the garden in any direction, and to-day all seem to have disappeared.—Grorce WuHeeter. Gratwicke Road, Worthing. 3rd September, 1986. GYURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICES. In the Hint. Zeits. and Int. Ent. Zeits. of recent issues there have been appearing a series of articles on the ova of the Noctuidae illustrated with figures of each species. These figures in each case give a vertical view, a side view,.a view of the micropyle and a view of the general surface of the egg, the last two views of course, magnified much more than the first two. The June issue deals with the eggs of 6 species of the genus Xanthia. The journal Kontyw published by the Entomological Society of Nippon, Japan, has reached its Vol. X. The contents are varied and illustrated by 4 plates, one in colour. Although the list of contents and the literature references are in Einglish, practically the whole of the magazine is, unfortunately for us, in Japanese character. But so far as we can judge, the matter is of a very interesting nature, including a ‘Synopsis of Nemeobiid Butterflies.”’ ‘‘ Lepidoptera and its early forms.” ‘‘ Some Malformed Beetles from Korea.” ‘‘ Species of the Genus Notonecta, new to Japan and Corea,” etc. The Revue d’ Entomologie dev U.S.S.R., the continuation of the Revue Russe d’ Entomologie, has reached its Vol. XXV. In part 3-4 most of the articles are in Russian, but descriptions are as a rule in Latin and the nomenclature is in Roman and Italic characters; nearly every article has a sufficient summary in German. Every title is printed in full in Western characters, as also are the literature references. The article which interests us most is that on Huawoa (Agrotis) aquilina, Schiff. (not our British aquilina) of which the summary is in English. We have referred to this elsewhere, in British Noctuae. The June issue of Arbeit. wher Morph. u. Tawon. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem contains a worthy appreciation of ‘‘A Monograph of the British Neuroptera,” by F. J. Killington, in the Ray Society Series. The Notices of publications in this valuable journal (16 pp.) are well worth perusing. The plates of the Brit. Mus. ‘“‘ Immigrant Butterflies and Moths” and Lt.-Col. Donovan’s ‘‘ Cat. of the Macrolep. of Ireland ”’ are also noticed. In the Mitt. Minch. Ent. Gesell. is the first portion of an exhaustive study of the Geometrid species Acidalia contiyuaria, Hb., with a plate of figures of different forms. The writer, Herr Dr. Leopold Muller of Linz, contests the change of the long-used name to eburnata, Wocke (nec eburneata, auct.) in a long argument. He then deals with the distribution, the geographical and subspecific forms and afterwards commences a discussion on the aberrant forms. Those interested in the suggested continuance of certain names, of which the validity has been contested, will find a ‘‘ Notice of the Possible Suspension of the Rules of Nomenclature for Certain Cases,” in the Canadian Entomologist for May issued on 6th June. The Revista de la Suc. Ent. Argent. for 1985, vol. VII, contains a 104 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1X.19386 large amount of solid matter in its 234 pages. There are 18 plates and numerous text figures. Of the 18 articles 12 deal with the Lepidoptera of which 5 are by our correspondent Capt. Hayward. ‘There are descrip- tions of many new species. We note that in all articles there is a considerable number of literature references. No papec is worth doing unless its extracted facts are substantiated by ‘‘ chapter and verse.’ It is now more than 80 years since the first number of Seitz’ wonderful work on the Macrolepidoptera of the World began and the next part to be issued will be Part 600. In addition to the Main work there have also been issued 61 parts as a Supplement to the Palaearctic Section. It is marvellous that a work of this nature sheuld continue regularly for so long a period. No doubt this steady continuance is due to the work and guidance of one and the same editor-in-chief the talented Dr. Seitz, who not only has been at the head, but for long periods of his career collected, observed and studied the Lepidoptera in all parts of the world. The last issued part 61 of the Supplement contains 2 plates of over 100 figures of aberrations of Palaearctic Geometers, including those of numerous forms indigenous to this country. Of the Main Volumes 2 parts of the Bombyces of the American fauna with 3 plates and 8 sheets of descriptions, and 1 part of African Noctuae with 2 plates and one sheet of descriptions, have just appeared. Altogether the five plates in these 8 parts contain 230 coloured figures. Part 6 of Vol. I. of the Jowrnal of the Society for British Iintomology has just been issued. It consists of 24 pp. which contain 15 com- munications. An important article on method of research in the in- vestigation of the Fauna and Flora of a given area is ‘‘‘I'he Use of Sweep- net Samples in an Ecological Survey,’ by members of the Department of Entomology of the University Museum, Oxford. Mr. Parkinson- Curtis discusses the status of the two designations of Hupithecta, distinctaria, H.-S. and constrietata, Gn. Most of the remaining matter is made up of records in all orders including ‘‘ Attacks of Birds on Insects ’’ and an account of the wild pairing of U'aeniocaimpa gothica 2 with a g J. stabilis and details of the consequent brood. Thirteen imagines were reared. We could welcome notes on this cold and erratic season. Since June records from the Kent coast, the 8. of England, the New Forest, Devon and Cornwall are almost unprecedented for the paucity of appearances and captures. What species have not turned up in their usual haunts? Whatare the results of larvae beating and search- ing? Have Polyommatus coridon and P. bellargus (thetis) been in their usual numbers in their special haunts? We would point out that many parts of the country are as yet entomologically unexplored. Surely the beautiful country lying east and west of the Wye from the Radnor Forest to the Black Mountains would produce interesting results if explored by enthusiasts for a few years. We know that two nearby areas, that of the Symon’s Yat district and the Abergavenny district, have produced wonderful results. The latter was the special hunting ground of the late Dr. T. A. Chapman and Dr. Wood. Look out for immigrant species! Already an example of Phryaus livornica has appeared in Sussex. The very beautiful green form of the larva of Choerocampa elpenor was exhibited at the South London Entomological Society in August. Buckler figures this form, but his picture does not show the beauty of the texture of the green larval skin. Ali MS. and HKDITORIAL MATTEL should be sent and all PROOFS returned te Hy. J. Tornen, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We musi earnestly request our correspondents Nor to send us communications sDENTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS. Articles that require ILLusrRaTions are inserted on condition that the AUTHOR deirays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. _ Subsoribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. ‘They should be sent to Mr, Hy. J. Turner, ** Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam, Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection; list sent.—R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicates. —Albimacula*, sparganii*, Desiderata.—Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. eaesia. A.J. Wightman, ** durago,”” Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbieularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey. Desiderata.—Urgently wanted for research work at the Royal College of Science, Pupae normal form of Hemerophila abruptaria. Duplicates.—Pupae of var. fuscata of the same species offered in exchange.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Desiderata.—M. aurinia (artemis) Larva English, Irish and Scotch. Duplicates.—Numerous, Ova, Larva, Pupa and Imagines.—H. W. Head, Burniston, Scarborough. Duplieates.—Argynnis liauteyi, Chrysophanus phoebus, Albulina ellisoni and many rare species from Syria and Morocco. _ Desiderata.—Rare British and European Macro-lepidopiera, especially Zygaenidae, Arctiidae, Agrotidae.—R. H. Ellison, Moccas Rectory, Hereford. Desiderata.—Certain common Bombyces from Scotland, Ireland and Cornwall. Sanio, Rubi, Trifolii, Potatoria, ete.. during the year. Duplicates.—Numerous. Please send list.—B. W. Adkin, Highfield, Pembury, Kent. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. The Royal Entomological Society of London.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensing- ton, S.W.7.,8 p.m. October 7th, 21st. The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. Sept. 24th. Oct. 8th, 22nd.—Hon. Secretary, 8. N. A. Jacobs, ‘‘ Ditchling,’’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. The London Natural History Society. ngeatbaes first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. | Entomological Section, Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical - Society.—Hivening Meetings. On the third Monday of each month; 7.45 p.m., at 55, Newhall Street, Birmingham. Visitors welcomed. Those who would like to attend or exhibit please apply to—P. Siviter Smith, Pebworth, Stratford-on-Avon. IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL - oe A MAGAZINE OF {loam NATURAL HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES AND ETHNOLOGY Published every Two Months . eae "aaa Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.1.A., M.B.O.U., " a SS Assisted by Sectional Editors. 3 Bd ak a Annual Subscription, 6/- post free. Single Parts 1/3. dee. All communieations to be addressed to ‘— VV; M; CRAVVFORD, :B.Ac T8653 Rass taem Seoy. ORISSA, MARLBOROUGH PARK SOUTH, BELFAST. Communications have been’ received from or ava hoon promise eS: Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. Willoughby-Ellis, Hy. J. Turn D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, T. Greer, T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher, — Ellison, Dr. Malcolm Burr, E.P. Wiltshire, Dr. KE. A. Cockayne, Rev. R. H. EH. Frar Orazio Querci, Rev. W. lL. Freer, and Reports of Societies. . ihe All communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER i ‘¢ Latemar,’’? 25, West Drive, Cheam. ; fe Aa Ch IMPORTANT BACK VOLUMES OF The Entomologist’s Record — and Journal of Variation. (Vols. I-XXXVI) GCONTENTS OF Vol. I. (Most important only mentioned.) Genus Acronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 coloured Differentiation of Melitaea athalia, parthenie, and aurelia—The Doubleday. colle Parthenogenesis— Paper on Taeniocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Hints (many Parallel Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina—Work for tk Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymie notes—Retrospect of a Lepido _ for 1890—Lifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epunda lichenea, pee se: hisp Captures at light—Aberdeenshire notes, etc., ete., 360 pp. ‘ome GONTENTS OF VOL. II. MELANISM AND Mrtanocugorsm—Bibliography—Notes on Collecting —Artiel Variation (many)—How to breed dgrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Taentocampa —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amp ys prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and 'Temperature—Differentiation of UN thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwieh, Sidmouth, S. London—Generic nomen clature and the Acronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in mega derasa, etc., etc., 312 pp. To be obtained from— Mr. H. E. PAGE, 9, Vanbrugh Hill, Blackheath, London, SE. 3:2 to whom Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable get Archer & Co., Printers, 85, Avondale Square, London, S.E.1 Gad a ‘ & NUV LY 100 | Peta Ss Evol. XLviil. = 18, e 20 46 | a> 7 No. 10 OCTOBER, 1936 Mi + a AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION iS neaRge ttn MCRAE. eae PEN TE STE ESE RS OST ESS a Ee. ‘~ se tee =o aay ee le , ie a Be ar 2 My LC 4 tes Ce ee ee Oe ee ms iA Bek eae cay AS aS EA eS sara ee z 1 oles een Fee ES poe oe a I, NO ems Le, Ree pena I Koy es CEE IS Tene Or Se Ee pe Se need ER a sa aie en one Nant = ce I) ie ek Ra SES ie ame IO en edd Se oe Matcotm Borer, D.SC., F.R.E.S. H. DonisTHORPE, F.Z.8., ¥.R.E.S. Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, F.R.E.8. T. BainpricGe FLETCHER, B.N., F.L.S., HE. A. Cockaynr, a.M., D.M., F.R.E.S., F.Z.8., F.R.E.S. F.R.C.P. H. E. Page, F.R.@.8. J. KH. Conuin, J.P., F.R.E.S. ALFRED SICH, F.R.U.S. Rev. G. WHEELER, M.A., F.R-E.S8., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus.—G. T. Berhoune-Bakmr, F.Z.S8., F.R.E.S. By Henry J. TURNER, F.R.4.8., F.R.H.8., Editcrial Secretary. CONTENTS. Marked Migrant Butterflies, 7. sae oes dae Ns, 4 OR ES. q ELZ.S., BLS. 105 : 3 z Lysandra corona, a new ‘‘ "ue a ae pee Have eos We DEF: rR. E. . 106 4 aa Andrei Petrovich Semenov-Tian-Shansky, Malcolm Burr, D.Sc., F.R.E.S. 107 _ Effects of Alimentation on the Development of some Pierinae, Orazio Querct 110 Random Notes on Argentine Collecting:—2. An Unproductive Winter Expedition, Kenneth J. Hayward, F.R.E.S., F.R.G.S., F.Z.S. a 111 (ae ‘Nores on ConLectina.—Collecting in N. Wilts in June, 1936, Rev. Walter a L. Freer; ‘‘ Froghoppers’’ and ‘‘ Magpie”’ larvae, C. Nicholson ; Tor- trix viridana, C. Nicholson; Further extracts from a S. American correspondent, Hy.J.T.; Aglais urticae, L., in abundance, Horace Donisthorpe ; Tortrix pronubana, Hb., at ape Ibid. ; Philonthus -rectangulus, Sharp, at Windsor, Ibid. .. : H me 113 Surzent Norzs ..