UC-NRLF

^B b2M 7Tfl

r ?!

} 5

1- t

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2008 with funding from

IVIicrosoft Corporation

http://www.archive.org/detajls/essentialsofspelOOpearrich

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

BY

HENRY CARR PEARSON

PRINCIPAL OF HORACE MANN SCHOOL TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

AND

HENRY SUZZALLO

PRESIDENT OF UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON

SOMETIME PROFESSOR OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

NEW YORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO

BOSTON ATLANTA

Copyright, 1919, by

HENRY CARR PEARSON and HENRY SUZZALLO

All Rights Reserved

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

P. 4

I CC,C,CCC,t(

PREFACE

Vocabulary. — This speller represents an attempt to teach only the essential words of the written vocabularies of children and adults. These essential words are those that are used frequently by the majority of people, and not those used occasionally by a few. It is an effort to study the spelling problem scientifically. It advocates fewer words and more drills for investigation has shown that the spelling vocabulary that is common to a group of adults is surprisingly small. The regular lessons of this book, therefore, present the two thousand most important words, while supplementary lists contain more than a thousand words that are less important or less difficult. The words in the regular lessons for each half grade should first be carefully studied, and then, if there is sufficient time, the words of the supplementary list of that half grade should be learned.

The selection of these three thousand words represents a vast amount of labor extending over a period of several years. Thousands of children's compositions from the Horace Mann School and other schools have been ex- amined, and use has been made of the scientific studies of adults' and children's vocabularies by Jones, Ayres, Pryor, Eldridge, Smith, Woolfolk, Cook and O'Shea, and Chancellor. All of the one thousand words of the Ayres Measuring Scale are given in the book. The resulting

iii

403322

iv ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

list contains not only words which children are most likely to use in their daily written work but also words which they will most probably use after leaving school. Further- more, since these vocabulary studies have been made in various parts of the country, the composite list is free from the influence of any particular locaHty.

These words have been carefully graded on the basis of their use by children in written compositions.

This limited, basal vocabulary of about three thousand words should be supplemented to meet the special needs of different groups of children. Since it is obvious that no single textbook can meet completely such varied condi- tions, teachers should add such words of local importance as are peculiarly needed by their pupils. Near the end of the book (pages 1 6 7-1 71) are lists of words for rural, urban, and industrial communities from which such words may be chosen.

Finally, the vocabulary of every textbook needs supple- mentation from the personal vocabulary of the individual pupil. Each child is somewhat different from every other in his personal experiences and impressions. This leads to the spontaneous use of words not on the common list. These must be mastered if the individual's writing is to be free of misspellings. The personal spelling list of troublesome words for individual study is a necessity in final spelling efficiency.

Method. — Psychological evidence now shows clearly that correct spelhng results chiefly from appropriate and continuous drill. In the Directions to Teachers (pages vii to xii) such a drill method is described in detail. It has been successfully used in a number of schools for

PREFACE V

several years, and represents results obtained from the best experimental data available.

Flexibility. — The use of this book is not confined to any single device. The Directions to Teachers show how some teachers may follow the plan of the book more or less rigidly, while others may use the book in a manner that will allow the pupil more initiative and judgment. The aim should always be to make it possible for pupils to acquire good methods of study.

Reviews. — Adequate review of all words in the regular lessons is provided ; but the words that thousands of chil- dren have found most difficult to spell, including the so- called " Hundred Demons " ^ and others, are reviewed more often than the easier words.

The Dictation Review exercises employ, with rare ex- ceptions, only words previously taught. The sentences are short, and are better for this purpose than selections from literature because the pupil's time is not wasted in memorizing the spelling of unusual words.

Simplicity. — Since the words taught are the common ones found in children's written vocabularies, much time can be saved in developing their meaning. Furthermore, no artificial means are needed to awaken interest through pictures or other devices.

No diacritical marks are given, except in the dictionary pronouncing lists and in a few footnotes, as it is believed that the main reliance in spelling should be placed upon the cor- rect visualization of the word to be learned, and that this image should not be confused by such marks. When a word

' The words listed by Dr. W. Franklin Jones, of the University of South Dakota, as " One Hundred Spelling Demons of the English Langiiage," are marked with an asterisk in the re- view lists at the end of the book.

Vi ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

is first presented on the printed page, its division into sylla- bles is indicated by a slight spacing, because it is believed that this will help the pupil to see the word accurately. When the word appears again, however, among the review words of the next lesson, syllabication is not indicated.

The dictionary pronouncing lists at the back of the book show, from the fourth grade on, the markings found in Webster's New International Dictionary, Webster's Second- ary-School Dictionary, Webster's Elementary-School Dic- tionary, etc. These lists are primarily for the teacher, but may also be consulted by pupils and will serve to familiarize them with dictionary usage.

DIRECTIONS FOR TEACHERS

Method. — It has been proved by careful experimenta- tion ^ that class drill under the direction of the teacher is more efficient than individual study by the unsupervised pupil. The time on the daily program devoted to spelling should be spent largely on class drill under the direction of the teacher; in other words, it should be devoted to teaching rather than to testing. The following procedure for the spelling period is suggested, but there should be sufficient change to insure variety.

In each group of words (in the Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Grades) the two nerjo words of the lesson are indicated by heavy type, while the review words appear in ordinary type. Write one of the two new words on the blackboard in its normal form and teach it in accordance with the following plan. Then erase it and write the other word, teaching it in the same way.

(a) While writing the word, pronounce it distinctly.

{h) Develop the meaning orally, either by calling on the pupils for a sentence using the word, or by giving such a sentence or the definition of the word.

(c) Show the syllables into which the word is divided, either by drawing vertical lines between the syllables or by covering parts of the word so as to expose only one syllable at a time. Call on pupils to spell orally by syllables. Have them indicate the part of the word that presents difficulties, or the part of the word they already know.

1 See the Teachers College Record, January, 191 2.

viii ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

(d) Have the pupils write the word on practice paper several times, spelling it quietly as they write.

(e) Allow the class a moment in which to look at the word again, and then have them close their eyes and try to visualize it. Use other devices of a similar nature. Provide considerable repetition, both oral and written.

After the second word is erased, the complete list of new and review words in the day's lesson should be studied from the book. Allow the class three or four minutes for independent study of this whole list, urging each pupil to spend the most time on the words he thinks difficult. The time for this independent study should be limited so that every pupil will attend vigorously and intensively. Call upon pupils individually and in concert to spell the whole list without looking at the book. Refer them to the book again when they hesitate. After this short period of intensive study, dictate all the words to the class, using each word in a sentence first, then pronouncing it alone, distinctly.

Special Recommendations. — (i) Have each pupil keep in a notebook an alphabetical list of troublesome individual words, and see that he reviews this frequently. Occasion- ally test him on this list.

(2) The teacher should form a class list of troublesome words and have frequently a review lesson (with class drill) on these words.

(3) In the general reviews of all words taught some form of competition is desirable, such as spelling matches or team contests, with permanent records kept of team results.

(4) Beginning with the Fourth Grade the habit of going to the dictionary to verify the spelling or pronunciation

DIRECTIONS FOR TEACHERS ix

of a word should be urged, and appropriate class exercises in the use of the dictionary should be systematically given.

(5) An important duty of the teacher is to develop a spelling consciousness. This may be secured by making the pupil feel that he should look over all written work to discover spelling errors, and that he should verify the spelling of a doubtful word from the dictionary or from some persoh before attempting to write it. Discourage guessing.

(6) Do not waste time during the spelling period in developing the definition of a word that is fairly well understood by the class. The contextual use of the word in a variety of good sentences is a good and brief method of teaching its meaning. The class period should give a large amount of varied drill in the actual speUing of the new words of the lesson.

(7) The emphasis with younger children should be upon an auditory method of drill and with older children upon a visual method, but no single method should be used ex- clusively. The pupil should see, hear, pronounce, and write.

(8) Remember that repetition should be accompanied by attention, and that motivation lessens the need of repetition ; hence the folly of requiring pupils " to write a word twenty-five times " mechanically.

(9) It is advisable to teach short groups of words in their natural relations.

too cold there is

to school their mother

two boys ought to have gone

This is true particularly of homonyms.

X ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

(lo) Avoid calling attention unnecessarily to the wrong form ; for example, never say " Do not use two I's in until/' but say rather *' Notice the one / in until.''

Conduct of Review Lessons. — Some form of competi- tion will furnish a desirable stimulus in reviews. This rivalry may be between two groups or teams in a room, each with its chosen captain, or between two rooms, or each pupil may compete against his own record. In the latter case, charts showing the weekly or monthly progress of each pupil should be posted in a conspicuous place in the classroom. If these reviews are written, which as a rule is advisable, the words should be dictated in sentences or connected discourse. The short sentences for dictation found in the textbook may be used for this purpose, or the teacher may formulate a new context.

Occasional oral spelling contests furnish a desirable variation. In the conduct of spelling matches avoid the danger (a) of giving the poor spellers the least drill, and (b) of having incorrect spellings repeated too often. This may be done by the teacher's spelling the word correctly orally and in writing, when a child misspells, and crediting the opposite side with one point. The teacher may then require the child to write the misspelled word on a slip of paper, allowing him to remain in line so as to secure the benefit of further drill with his team. At the end of the contest, the pupils who have slips of paper may be called up by the teacher for individual drill on the words they missed.

How the Book May Be Used. — (i) If it is apparent to the teacher that her class needs drill on about all the words given in the text for their grade, the order of the book

DIRECTIONS FOR TEACHERS xi

should be followed. In Grades Two to Six the words in each group under the Arabic numbers are designed for a day's lesson, the words in hea\y type being the new words for intensive study, and the others being review words. These should be studied by the method described above. Each lesson called '^ Dictation Review " reviews the new words of the preceding four lessons as well as many im- portant words previously taught. The sentences for Dic- tation Review furnish appropriate material for testing these review words. At the end of each two months' work a summary of all words presented in that period is given, and enough time should be spent on this list to insure thorough mastery by all the class. Again at the end of each half year's work a careful review of these words should be made. A list of the words taught in each half grade is printed at the end of the book, arranged in alpha- betical order. Beginning with the Fourth Grade, dic- tionary markings are added, so that these half-yearly review lists may be consulted at any time for the correct pronunciation of a word. The pupils should be taught the use of the diacritic marks, as a preparation for using the dictionary.

(2) If it is apparent that a considerable number of the words assigned to a grade are already known by a majority of the class, it is obviously a waste of time and effort to drill upon all words alike. Under such conditions the wise teacher will first find what words the class already knows and then concentrate her attention on those words that require special drill. Such a procedure requires skill and adaptability on the part of the teacher, but is highly effec- tive. The teacher may first test her class upon the eight

xii ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

new words of a given week by means of the sentences under Dictation Review. Then class and individual drill may be given to those words that are apparently unknown. If, however, it is desirable to have the preliminary test cover a larger unit of work, the bi-monthly review list can be used, all the dictation sentences of that interval serving as material for the initial test. The words that need special emphasis will thus be revealed, and appropriate drill upon them should follow. The teacher will probably find many words that should be taught to all her pupils by the class- drill method, while others that present special difficulties to certain pupils only should be studied by them inde- pendently. Much of the time saved by such a method should be spent in teaching the class the words from the supplementary lists of the proper grade.

ESSENTIAI.S OF SPELLING

SECOND GRADE First Half Year

To THE Teacher. Please read carefully the Directions to Teachers on pages vii-xii before beginning to use this book.

The following simple words are usually learned during the First Grade. All of them are used in the dictation reviews of the Second Grade. Before proceeding with the Second Grade you should review the class on this Ust, if necessary, to be sure that every pupil can spell each word.

Review of the Jfir^ "Grade

a	by	him	'; no	the
am	Gan	I	oi	to
an	cat	in	on	up
and	do	is	or	us
are	dog	it	ran	we
at	go	man	run	you
be	he	me	see
boy	her	my	she

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

1	2	3	4
look	red	came	this
doll	cap	car	road
her	cat	red	car
are	you	cap	look
him	doll	run	came
can	look	see	red

5. Dictation Review

I. Look at my doll. 2. Her cap is red. in the car. 4. We can go on this road.

3. I came

II

6	7 ^ ,^ \	8	9
went	, ■ gMlVV'-' ^,	good	Uves
away	saw< ^ \ «^' ' ' ' < "^ ' ' , c ' "	' way	house
this cc^ ^c,	f\y(toii '	glad	way
came	went	away	road
road	ran	came	went
cap	away	saw	good

10. Dictation Review

I. The man went away. 2. I am glad we saw him. 3. He is a good man. 4. This is the way to go. 5. He lives in this house.

SECOND GRADE, FIRST HALF

III

11	12	13	14
read	give	took	cow
book	back	your	milk
car	read	give	your
saw	away	back	took
lives	book	good	way
house	dog	lives	glad
	15. Dictation Review

I. Can you read the book? 2. Give it back to me. 3. I took your cap. 4. The cow gives milk.

IV

16	17	18	19
bird	new	bring	king
sing	ring	some	queen
cow	good	new	bring
milk	house	glad	some
back	bird	ring	read
road	sing	doll	lives

20. Dictation Review

I. The bird can sing. 2. See my new ring. 3. Bring me some milk. 4. The king and the queen went by in a car.

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

21	22		23	24
come	dig		let	must
with	sand		into	bed
king	come		dig	let
queen	bring		new	into
took	with		some	with
milk	bird		sand	your
	25. Dictation Review
I. Come with	I us. 2.	See him dig in the sand.	3. Lei
us go into the house. 4.	You must go to bed.
		VI
26	27		28	29
want	ball		did	faU
more	round		call	from
bed	want		ball	did
into	more		good	call
must	dig		come	sing
queen	some		round	give

30. Dictation Review

I. I want some more sand. 2. A ball is round. 3. Did you call the cat or the dog? 4. Did she fall from the car?

SECOND GR.\DE, FIRST HALF

VII

31	32	33	34
poor	eat	has	his
girl	nut	gone	cup
fall	poor	eat	sand
want	girl	nut	fall
from	book	ring	has
with	round	saw	gone

35. Dictation Review

I. Give the poor girl a doll. 2. Did you eat a nut ? 3. Has the boy gone away? 4. He has no milk in his cup.

Review (Sections I-VII)

To THE Teacher. In testing a das containing it, and then repeat the word.	s upon a word, For example,	, give first a simple sentence "I like to play ball. Ball."
red bed let	ball call fall	sing ring king	glad eat read	book took look	with give lives
cap cup	cow new	bring milk	back came	good must	bird girl
his	nut	more	doll	road	from
car	this	went	sand	poor	round
dig has	way away	come some	gone want	your into	house queen

6

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

VIII

36	37	38	39
old	told	lost	hold
cold	all	gold	box
his	old	told	lost
cup	call	round	girl
took	cold	all	gold
want	gone	house	ball

40. Dictation Review

I. The poor old man is cold. 2. He told us all to run. 3. She lost her gold ring. 4. Can you hold the box?

IX

41	42	43	44
best	same	eyes	one
dress	class	blue	glass
hold	best	same	blue
box	into	class	give
come	gold	told	more
gone	dress	must	eyes

45. Dictation Review

I. This is my best dress. 2. We are in the same class. 3. Are your eyes blue ? 4. Give me one glass of milk.

SECOND GRADE, FIRST HALF

46	47	48	49
fill	fa ther	moth er	little
bag	says	made	broth er
one	bag	father	mother
box	best	says	lost
glass	poor	old	made
from	fill	hold	dress
	50. Dictation Review

I. Fill the bag with sand. 2. Father says we must do it. 3. My mother made me a red dress. 4. Did you see my little brother?

XI

51	52	63	54
play	may	two	our
game	try	three	God
little	play	may	two
same	fill	try	class
brother	want	one	glass
says	game	eat	three

55. Dictation Review

I. Let us play a new game. 2. May I try to play it? 3, Two and one are three. 4. God is our Father.

8

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XII

56	57	68	59
like	fish	open	had
apple	water	mouth	gun
our	like	fish	cow
God	game	try	open
three	apple	water	mouth
blue	play	father	cold

60. Dictation Review

I. Do you like your apple? 2. A fish lives in water. 3. Open your mouth. 4. The man had a gun.

XIII

61	62	63	64
face	last	after	right
clean	night	dark	hand
had	face	last	after
gun	mouth	mother	fish
two	clean	night	like
says	little	eyes	dark

I. Is your face clean? I came back after dark.

65. Dictation Review

2. Last night I ran away. 4. Hold up your right hand.

SECOND GRADE, FIRST HALF

9

xrv^

66	67		68	69
snow	' feet		large	big
deep	dry-		room	bear
hand	deep		dry	large
clean	open		nut	queen
right	snow		feet	face
three	night		brother	room
	70. Dictation Review
I. The snow is deep.	2. Are your feet dry:	' 3. My
room is	large. 4. I saw a big	bear in the road
	Review	(Sections VIII-XIV)
old	bag	fish	like	clean
cold	big	may	game	mouth
hold	all	play	same	water
gold	bear	best	last	dress
told	face	blue	after	large
one	room	lost	class	apple
two	snow	eyes	glass	little
three	feet	says	right	father
God	deep	hand	night	mother
try	fill	our	gun	brother
dry	box	dark	open	made
For complete list of words taught in the Second Grade, First Half Year, see page 172.

10 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLE^G

Supplementary Words (Second Grade, First Half)

	See Preface, page iii.
fat	held	li on	end
hen	^ beU	cage	rug
duck	play ing	older	dug
mud	sled	old est	bonfc
as	trying	big gest	fox
far	bat	boxes	fast
flat	tries	bark	rich
rock	add	park	cake
pet	some thing	rob in	fix
lamb	nice	nest	pin
gave	somebody	toy	but
hand ful	call ing	cart	slow
spiU	fall ing	rub	tiU

	Second Grade,	Second Half Year
		XV
71	72		73 74
have	going		ask dear
flag	ride		them ba by-
big	have		ride feet
bear	made		hand ask
dry	last		deep our
water	flag		going them

75. Dictation Review

I. Have you a flag at your house? 2. You are going

to ride with us. 3. Did you ask them to sing? 4. This is our dear baby.

XVI

78 79

hat put

mine head

hot hat

sun them

flag mine

right large

80. Dictation Review

2. It is hot in the sun. 3. This 4. Put your hat on your head.

76	77
Stay-	hot
yard	Sim
bed	eat
dear	stay
mother	room
baby	yard
	80. D
I . Stay in	the yard.
hat is mine.	4. Puty

12 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XVII

81	82	83	84
not	four	shut	why-
hard	five	door	floor
put	not	four	shut
stay	ask	five	ride
head	have	two	door
going	hard	three	bear

85. Dictation Review

I. No, this apple is not hard. 2. Four and one are five. 3. Did you shut the door? 4. Why is your hat on the floor?

XVIII

86

how wind why- all

hard floor

I. How cold the wind is ! 2. Ask her to wash the win- dow. 3. We are having some fun. 4. Do not sit up late.

87	88	89
wash	hav ing	Sit
window	fun	late
head	wash	fun
five	dark	gun
how	blue	put
wind	window	having
90. Dictation Review

SECOND GRADE, SECOND HALF

13

XIX

91	92	93	94
fire	will	wet	stand
burns	push	foot	here
sit	fire	will	wet
late	hot	why-	wash
God	sun	push	foot
mine	burns	mouth	having

95. Dictation Review

I. See how the fire burns. 2. My father will push the car back. 3. My right foot is not at all wet. 4. AH right, you may stand here.

XX

96	97	98	99
tell	does	feU	stop
about	well	tree	noon
here	tell	here	fell
four	dear	does	wind
stand	water	well	tree
snow	about	floor	door

100. Dictation Review

I. Tell me about the baby. 2. Does she look well? 3. A nut fell from the tree. 4. You must stop at noon.

14

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XXI

101	102	103	104
six	out	get	if
seven	rain	for	say-
stop	six	out	get
will	about	rain	for
noon	stand	wet	does
four	seven	window	going

105. Dictation Review

I. Six and one are seven. 2. He is out in the rain. 3. Will you get some water for me? 4. He will come back if you say he must.

Review (Sections XV-XXI)

See Note to Teacher, page 5.

SIX					seven
for	sun	fell	hard	four	out
ask	fun	tell	yard	shut	about
if	say	well	five	late	stand
get	stay	tree	flag	have	will
wet	how	push	ride	dear	burns
not	put	here	baby	door	wind
hot	hat	wash	mine	floor	window
sit	fire	them	rain	does	going
why	foot	head	stop	noon	having

SECOND GRADE, SECOND HALF

15

XXII

106	107	108	109
that	cut	was	stood
dish	down	there	street
say	that	cut	there
if	dish	late	baby
rain	out	down	was
seven	foot	floor	push

110. Dictation Review

I. Put an apple in that dish. 2. The boy cut down a tree. 3. Was there a flag in the yard? 4. His brother stood in the street.

XXIII

111	112	113		114
began	then	SO		bad
make	walk	much		day
stood	began	there		so
red	down	burns		dish
fire	make	walk		having
street	tell	then		much
	115. Dictation Review
I. We	began to make a	playhouse. 2.	Then we took
a walk.	3. I do not like	so much snow.	4.	It is a bad

day for the game.

16

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XXIV

116	117	118	119
hit	ten	take	catch
arm	men	time	fly
here	six	ten	take
bad	then	men	much
day	hit	king	time
say	arm	street	stood

120. Dictation Review

I. Do not hit my arm. 2. Here are ten men. 3. Ask them to clean the street. 4. Take time to do it well. 5. Did you catch that fly ?

XXV

121	122	123	124
help	eight	jump	name
to-day	nine	over	song
fly	help	eight	over
much	make	does	men
day	began	nine	ride
catch	to-day	arm	jump
	125. Dictation Review

I. My mother will help you to-day. 2. Eight and one are nine. 3. Can your dog jump over the box ? 4. Tell me the name of that song.

SECOND GRADE, SECOND HALF

17

XXVI

126	127	128	129
said	now	found	love
sick	begin	pa per	sis ter
song	said	begin	paper
take	sick	now	noon
name	there	fly	found
stop	time	walk	eyes

130. Dictation Review

I. He said he was sick. 2. Is he all right now? 3. Let us begin the game. 4. Have you found some paper? 5. I love my little sister.

XXVII

131	132	133	134
goes	keep	long	left
home	most	ears	leg
catch	goes	keep	ears
love	home	song	two
eight	jump	dear	long
sister	begin	most	said

135. Dictation Review

I. She goes home at noon. 2. I keep most of the milk for the baby. 3. Your dog has long ears. 4. The ball hit his left leg.

18

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

		XXVIII
136	137		138	139
find	they		never	making
soft	led		miss	white
left	find		they	miss
leg	.ears		found	nine
goes	soft		led	home
name	having	says	never

140. Dictation Review

I. Did you find some snow? 2. Is it hard or soft? 3. They led the bear into the yard. 4. I never miss a ball game. 5. My sister is making a white dress for the baby.

XXIX

141	142	143	144
lay	yes	feed	first
its	show	pig	step
white	goes	yes	pig
they	soft	left	feed
most	lay	show	making
making	its	never	keep

145. Dictation Review I. Lay the doll on its bed. 2. Yes, show him your

ring. 3. Father is going to feed the pig. her first step to-day.

4. Baby took

SECOND GRADE, SECOND HALF

19

5. Two and eight are ten. 6. They said there was some snow here in the yard. 7. We are making a blue cap for my doll. 8. Does she help you much ? 9. She says she is having a good time.

146. Our Flag

I am your flag — red, white, and blue. All that is dear I keep for you. For home and right, in the days to be, The best you have you must give to me.

	Review	(Sections '.	XXII-XXIX)
ten	hit	find	most	sister
men	cut	over	goes	day
led	was	that	sick	to-day
then	keep	down	love	lay
leg	feed	much	step	catch
so	street	jump	nine	first
yes	show	white	long	eight
now	said	miss	song	there
pig	they	walk	soft	stood
its	home	left	name	found
arm	dish	make	began	paper
bad	help	take	begin	having
fly	time	ears	never	making

For complete list of words taught in the Second Grade, Second Half Year, see page 173-

20

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Supplementary Words (Second Grade, Second Half)

	See Preface,	page iii.
fairy	set	fed	taU
sat	lamp	wild	lame
sit ting	fold	goat	tame
cradle	tent	got	mouse
kept	lent	rope	mice
a live	lend	tie	bite
awake	pony	fun ny	bit
ba bies	po nies	bug	lips
cry	nmning	flew	can not
cried	jumped	flies	spin
candy	bend	flying	tak ing
gum	bent	rain bow	paint
doing	puU	aft er noon	stir

THIRD GRADE First Half Year

To THE Teachkr. Please read pages vii-xii.

1	2	3	4
sky	air	be fore	beg
above	clear	start	meat
does	dear	air	start
says	sky	show	there
step	above	clear	first
some	much	begin	before
	6. Dictation Review

I. The sky is above us. 2. The air is clear. 3. It may rain before we start. 4. See the dog beg for meat.

n

6	7	8	9
sale	when	easy	bare
mar ket	smile	les son	winter
beg	sky	when	lesson
meat	market	above	easy
start	sale	said	goes
air	after	smile	feed

22

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

10. Dictation Review

I. Meat is for sale at the market. 2. You look best when you smile. 3. This lesson is easy. 4. In winter the trees are bare.

Homonyms

NOTK. A homonym is a word that sounds like another word but has a different meaning.

bare Do not sit on the bare floor. bear The man led a big bear.

I cannot bear to have you go.

Ill

11	12	13	14
drop	child	gray	read
card	speak	coat	once
bare	smile	they	gray
easy	drop	above	sale
before	card	child	meat
winter	when	speak	coat

15. Dictation Review

I. Did you drop this card? 2. Speak to the child. 3. His bare arms must be cold. 4. He may have my gray coat. 5. I have read that book once.

Homonyms

read Have you read this book ? red She has a red dress.

THIRD GRADE, FIRST HALF

23

IV

16	17	18	19
use	were	full	west
soap	short	moon	fair
once	its	drop	full
beg	use	were	bare
readi	easy	lesson	moon
child	soap	short	coat

20. Dictation Review

I. Use some soap on your face. 2. They said they were going for a short ride. 3. There was a full moon last night. 4. The west wind may bring a fair day.

21	22	23	24
sent	kind	high	which
food	act	hill	part
fair	food	act	high
west	gray	now	dear
read^	sent	kind	hill
show	find	yes	sister
	25. Dictation Review

I. My father sent some food to a sick boy. 2. It was a kind act. 3. I live on a high hill. 4. Which part of the book do you like best ?

' As in " I have read it."

24

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

VI

26	27	28	29
low	hope	hole	please
shoes	lady-	wall	change
when	low	act	moon
sent	shoes	hope	gray
part	card	lady	wall
which	full	sale	hole

30. Dictation Review I. I have on low shoes. 2. I hope the lady will give us some candy. 3. The mouse ran into a hole in the wall. 4. Please change your dress.

VII

31	32	33	34
what	an oth er	any-	cost
think	drink	other	dollar
please	what	drink	any
change	part	hill	low
shoes	think	food	other
which	lady	another	please

35. Dictation Review I. What do you think of my pony? 2. May I have another drink of milk? 3. Have you read any other book? 4. What will you read now ? 5. This meat cost a dollar.

THIRD GRADE, FIRST HALF

25

VIII

36	37	38	• 39
skate	win	feel	dance
ice	race	happy	party
cost	ice	win	other
wall	skate	change	feel
dollar	leg	race	happy
high	beg	use	once
short	kind	shoes	which

40. Dictation Review

I. I like to skate on the ice. 2. Try to win the race. 3. Do you feel happy? 4. Did you dance at the party?

IX

41	42		43	44
green	sleep		a cross	bas ket
grass	alone		gar den	table
dance	race		sleep	across
what	green		feel	ice
party	grass		alone	garden
please	speak		winter	skate
•	45. Dictation Review
I. The grass	is green.	2.	I sleep alone.	3. We ran
across the gar	den. 4.	The	basket is all	right now.

5. Put it back on the table.

26

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

	Review	(Sections	I-IX)
	See Note to Teacher, i	5age 5.
ice race	lady	card	food	dollar
use sale	gray	start	moon	winter
air cost	drop	part	when	happy
fair high	once	party	what	before
sky sent	were	think	which	change
low kind	west	drink	smile	across
beg bare	table	alone	skate	grass
act wall	short	easy	shoes	basket
win soap	child	meat	dance	garden
hill coat	feel	clear	above	market
full hole	sleep	speak	lesson	other
any hope	green	please	read^	another
46	47	X	48	49
send	buy-	cook	com ing
a gain ^	but ter	corn	along
table	send	led	corn
which	meat	buy	green
basket	again	butter	cook
winter	dollar	sleep	party
lAsin	" I have read it.''	' « Pronounced ((i-ggn'j	.

THIRD GRADE, FIRST HALF

27

50. Dictation Review

I. Did your mother send you to the market again? 2. Yes, I had to buy some butter. 3. What will she cook to-day? 4. Do you eat much corn? 5. I saw a bear coming along the road.

Homonyms

buy Will you buy a red apple for me ? by This basket was made by a little girl.

XI

51	52	53	54
sec ond	write	free	school
grade	letter	turkey	farm
along	kind	write	turkey
alone	second	speak	west
dollar	which	letter	free
coming	grade	high	clear

55. Dictation Review

I. My sister is in the second grade. 2. When did you write that letter? 3. Let the turkey go free. 4. The new school is west of our farm.

Homonyms

write Please write to your brother, right This is my right hand.

Are we on the right road ?

28

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XII

56	57	58	59
be cause	those	chair	heard
smoke	front	desk	cough
farm	second	write	chair
letter	along	coming	again
school	smoke	those	desk
lesson	because	front	basket

60. Dictation Review

I. She does not see us because of the smoke. 2. Those in front may sit down. 3. Which chair may I have? 4. This desk is mine. 5. I heard you cough.

XIII

61	62	63	64
dirt	top	sum mer	can't
sight	dead	warm	finish
cough	sight	once	warm
hope	shoes	top	grass
heard	dirt	dead	sent
butter	buy	dance	summer
	65. Dictation Review

I. Is there any dirt in sight? 2. The top of the tree is dead. 3. The days are warm in summer. 4. They can't finish the game before noon.

THIRD GRADE, FIRST HALF 29

XIV

66	67	68	69
sell	east	few	aunt
quart	yes ter day	felt	died
can't	sell	east	felt
finish	school	garden	chair
across	quart	turkey	few
another	heard	yesterday	free
	70. Dictation Review

I. Will you sell me a quart of milk? 2. We had an east wind yesterday. 3. A few of the boys said they felt cold. 4. My aunt died last winter.

XV

71	72	73	74
both	uncle	soon	be hind
early	church	for get	board
aunt	both	uncle	heard
died	cough	east	forget
school	early	church	summer
because	write	dead	soon

75. Dictation Review

I. We both get up early. 2. My uncle went with me to church yesterday. 3. He will not soon forget you. 4. There is a mouse behind that board.

30

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XVI

76	77	78	79
bought	built	quick	only
coal	small	trip	flower
behind	coal	letter	trip
those	start	built	grade
board	bought	small	quick
second	butter	yesterday	warm

80. Dictation Review I. The man bought some coal. 2. We have built a small church. 3. Be quick now. 4. You must make another trip. 5. I have only one white flower.

XVII 81 82 83 84

Sunday Tuesday Thursday Saturday

Monday Wednesday Friday date

only . board yesterday finish

flower chair forget basket

easy Sunday Tuesday Thursday

catch Monday Wednesday Friday

Correct abbreviations are: Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat.

85. Dictation Review

I. My father and mother go to church on Sunday. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday

THIRD GRADE, FIRST HALF

31

are school days. 3. On Saturday, I play in our yard. 4. What is the date of that letter?

		Old Saying
Solomon Grundy,	Worse or	I Friday,
Born on Monday,	Died on	Saturday,
Christened on Tuesday,	Buried on Sunday ;
Married on Wednesday,	This is the end
Sick on Thursday,	Of Solomon Grundy.
	Review (Sections X-XVir	)
corn	both	top	desk	Sunday
aunt	can't	small	forget	Sun.
few	built	write	butter	Monday
cook	chair	quick	letter	Mon.
dead	uncle	sight	church	Tuesday
buy	front	smoke	school	Tues.
sell	send	quart	coming	Wednesday
felt	free	again	second	Wed.
east	along	grade	summer	Thursday
dirt	died	early	behind	Thurs.
date	soon	heard	bought '	Friday
warm	those	cough	flower	Fri.
only	coal	finish	because	Saturday
trip	board	turkey	yesterday Sat.

For a list of all words taught in the Third Grade, First Half Year, see page 174.

32

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Supplementary Words (Third Grade, First Half)

	See Preface,
bow	brook
arrow	cool
drum	than
swing	mud dy
build	pond
barn	broad
shed	path
pine	pink
halli	bud
lock	rab bit
key	chew
spoke	mule
clap	drag
twice	bee
steep	hon ey
bank	sleep y
cave	kit ten

page iii.

crack

plate

drank

pint

grapes

rice

spoon

roast

melt

boil

soup

hurry

nurse

lucky

farm er

rag ged

beg gar

pure rub ber o ver shoes o ver coat boots stock ings dirty begun hop ing born spot dare hate east ern west em sheet alike

Homonyms

be The air will soon be clear. bee The bee makes honey for us.

iThe hall in a house.

Third Grade, Second Half Year

	XVIII
86	87	88	89
fail	nail	swim	a round
mail	cover	pail	each
early-	mail	nail	pail
date	ice	only	small
Saturday	fail	quick	bought
Tuesday	dirt	cover	swim

90. Dictation Review I. Do not fail to mail my letter. 2. Nail the cover on the box. 3. Here is a little fish in this pail. 4. See it swim. 5. There is a high wall around each garden.

XIX

91	92	93	94
of ten 1	seed	fond	half
spell	ground	horse	poxmd
each	spell	seed	fond
around	soap	buy	nail
low	often	summer	horse
butter	Wednesday	ground	coming

95. Dictation Review I. How often do you spell at school? 2. Put the seed into the ground. 3. I am fond of my horse. 4. Here is a half pound of butter.

Pronounced (8f"n). 33

34

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XX

96	97	98	99
hear	care	these	broke
band	body	chil dren	through
half	hear	care	these
pound	pail	body	write
sell	top	around	aunt
fail	band	few	love
often	miss	fond	children
	100.	Dictation Review

I. I hear a band coming down the street. 2. Take good care of your body. 3. These children were at the party. 4. I broke through the ice.

Homonyms

hear Did you hear that bird sing? here Here are some good shoes.

XXI

101	102	103	104
shop	bread	al most	always
close	flour	done	stm
broke	close	bread	done
feel	shop	flour	these
through	body	think	almost
another	which	bought	children

THIRD GRADE, SECOND HALF

35

105. Dictation Review

I. This shop will close on Wednesday. 2. Bread is made of flour. 3. My lesson is almost done. 4. Can you always sit still in school?

Words to be Distinguished

flour Buy a bag of flour.

flower Here is a blue flower from the garden.

XXII

106	107	108	109
paid	seen	who	laid
fare	inside	out side	egg
still	paid	seen	who
always	fare	date	can't
butter	care	inside	often
spell	lay	pound	paid
cough	sleep	Thursday	outside

110. Dictation Review

I. I paid your fare. 2. Have you seen the inside of our tent? 3. Who is that outside the door? 4. The hen has laid an egg.

fare

Homonyms The fare is two dollars each way.

fair Wednesday was a fair day. You must always play fair.

36

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XXIII

111	112	113	114
been	mat ter	an y way	brave
empty	an y thing	kill	son
laid	been	half	kill
horse	mail	matter	alone
egg	empty	ground	heard
fare	inside	anything	anyway

115. Dictation Review

I. This pail has been empty a long time. 2. Is any- thing the matter with it? 3. We must soon buy a new one, anyway. 4. Do not kill any birds. 5. Her son is a brave man.

Homonyms

son This boy is my son. sun The sun is in the sky.

XXIV

116	117	118	119
fight	light	wish	know
might	morn ing	war	yet
son	fight	light	wish
these	might	almost	bread
brave	sight	cover	war
smoke	because	morning	throu!

THIRD GRADE, SECOND HALF

37

120. Dictation Review

I. Fight for the right with all your might. 2. It is light early in the morning. 3. We did not wish to begin a war. 4. I do not know yet why he went.

Homonyms

know Do you know what time it is ? no No, but I think it is not late.

XXV

121	122	123	124
dozen	every	loud	study-
roses	eve ning	talk	hour
know	roses	every	loud
yet	dozen	shop	talk
done	^gs	seen	around
still	close	anyway	laid
almost	always	evening	bread

125. Dictation Review

I. I have a dozen roses for you. 2. Every evening I play a game. 3. I have heard no loud talk in that room. 4. My brother must study an hour. 5. Do you know at what hour the sun sets to-day ?

Homonyms

hour You may play for an hour. otir This is our house.

38

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Review (Sections XVIII-XXV)

		See Note to Teacher, page 5. '
yet	kill	^gg	fight	dozen
war	still	who	might	study
fare	son	half	light	almost
care	swim	been	broke	always
fail	know	' roses	brave	inside
pail	talk	close	empty	outside
mail	fond	these	spell	through
nail	seen	loud	bread	anyway
laid	seed	hour	every	anything
paid	band	flour	cover	children
done	hear	ground	horse	heard
wish	each	pound	often	morning
shop	body	around	matter	evening
		XXVI
126		127	128	129
wool		year	ate	line
sheep		ago	sweet	page
fight		wool	year	farm
study		dozen	ago	sweet
hour		sheep	light	ate
know		every	both	morning

THIRD GRADE, SECOND HALF

39

130. Dictation Review

I. We get wool from sheep. 2. That nest was built a year ago. 3. I ate a sweet apple. 4. Read the first line on the page. 5. Speak loud, so we can all hear.

Homonyms

ate I ate some bread. eight I am eight years old.

	XXVII
131	132 133	134
cent	stone north	ship
store	struck city-	pass
line	cent stone	city
always	hour struck	been
empty	loud laid	paid
page	store study	north
matter	change children	ground

135. Dictation Review

I. I found a cent at the store. 2. His son was struck by a stone. 3. Our farm is north of the city. 4. That ship can't pass us in a fair race.

Homonyms

cent This paper cost a cent.

sent My mother sent me some red roses.

40

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

		XXVIII
136	137	138	139
teach er	seat	fine	just
rang	near	pen	mile
ship	rang	war	pen
pass	hole	seat	fine
wish	wool	near	study
anything	teacher	inside	store

140. Dictation Review I. The teacher rang the bell. 2. I wish I might have a seat near the window. 3. I like to write with a fine pen. 4. It is just a mile to our house.

141

great oak

just swim mile board

142

shall rest

oak roses great north

XXIX

143

black hair

rest broke shall behind

144

south side

hair black city sweet

145. Dictation Review

I. There is a great oak tree in our yard, rest to-day. 3. My sister has black hair, warm on the south side of the house.

We shall 4. It is

THIRD GRADE, SECOND HALF

41

struck

XXX

146	147	148	149
spend	good-by	ever	very
money	to-night	star	many
south	died	to-night	star
trip	spend	just	near
side	money	good-by	shop

talk

teacher

ever

150. Dictation Review I. Did you spend all your money? 2. Good-by. I hope to see you again to-night. 3. Did you ever see that star before? 4. There are very many children in the street.

		XXXI
151	152	153	154
boat	thank	place	where
leave	note	un der	week
many	stone	note	soon
coal	leave	thank	place
brave	front	white	evening
very	boat	money	under

155. Dictation Review I. The boat will leave soon. 2. I thank you for this note. 3. Place your right hand under your left. 4. Where were you a week ago?

42

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XXXII

156	157	158	159
fruit	next	be side	hurt
grew	spring	knee	her self
week	grew	next	seat
very	fruit	spring	knee
where	sheep	felt ,	beside
uncle	through	great	black

160. Dictation Review

I. This fruit grew in her garden. 2. Next spring we shall have a garden. 3. The baby stood beside my knee. 4. How did she hurt herself?

	XXXIII
161	162	163	164
own	him self	meet	block
my self	lead	au tumn	halves
hour	hear	heard	half
hurt	own	lead	meet
herself	grew	just	autumii
leave	myself	himself	outside

165. Dictation Review

I. I own that boat myself . 2. He himself will lead hi* men. 3. We shall meet again this autumn. 4. He cut the block into halves.

THIRD GRADE, SECOND HALF

43

Homonyms meet The boys will meet at my house. meat Buy a pound of meat at the store.

XXXIV

166	167	168	169
sew	bet ter	mix	while
clothes	pencil	cream	writing
halves	sew	pencil	mix
cook	trip	better	aunt
write	clothes	autumn	cream
oak	many	spell	fruit
block	happy	beside	clothes

170. Dictation Review I. Can you sew? 2. Do you make your own clothes? 3. Can't you find a better pencil than that? 4. Please do not mix any milk with the cream. 5. Think while you are writing.

171. Dictation Exercises

1. Hit the nail on the head.

2. There is always room at the top.

3. W^ere there is a will there is a way.

4. Two heads are better than one.

— Proverbs.

5. Summer or winter or spring or fall, — Which do you like the best of all ?

44	ESSENTIALS	OF SPELLING
	6. Good, better, best,
	Never let it rest,
	Till your	good is better,
	And youi	• better, best.
	Review (Sections XXVI-XXXIV)
ago	own	cent	thank
pen	hair	knee	north
pencil	note	week	where
oak	grew	sheep	fruit
ate	hurt	sweet	store
just	lead	meet	block
sew	next	under	struck
mix	page	very	halves
rang	while	great	beside
wool	mile	shall	better
line	pass	black	spring
city-	rest	south	teacher
ship	side	spend	to-night
near	ever	money	good-by
year	star	boat	himself
seat	many	fine	herself
cream	place	clothes	myself
leave	stone	autumn	writing
For a list of all words taught in the Third Grade, Second Half Year, see page 175.

THIRD GRADE, SECOND HALF

45

Supplementary Words (Third Grade, Second Half)

	See Preface, page iii.
pick	lot	brass	cure
berry	calf	bead	your self
cheese	hunt	wool en	cow ard
crack er	deer	belt	pow der
toast	rode	cor ner	hafl
beans	horse back	clos et	light ning
peas	team	ink	strike
ban die	hoi i day	bot tie	close ^
chum	prize	bot tom	thirst y
leak	spent	cloud	tramp
sharp	dime	grow	damp
duU	ev er y bod y	bushes	cit ies
even	no bod y	scratch	side walk
odd	an y bod y	north em	bow^
kite	an y where	south em	blame
float	giant	proud	scold
backward borrow	grand fa ther	slept
awhile	mask	grand moth er	San ta Claus
	Homonyms
	dear She has two dear little children.
	These shoes are very dear.
	deer Men hunt deer in the autumn.
	road The bear	ran down the road.
	rode The farmer rode on horseback.

1 As in " Put the chair close to the desk.

» As in " Did he bow to you ? "

FOURTH GRADE

First Half Year

To THE Teacher. Please read pages vii-xii.

1	2	3	4
story-	seems	ques tion	slide
news pa per	true	an swer	off
there	story	blue	answer
which	here	true	dear
much	does	said	question
some	newspaper	seems	writing

5. Dictation Review

I . Is that a true story you have read in the newspaper ? o.. It seems true, but your question is not easy to answer. 3. Do not let your book sHde off the desk.

4. Off with your hat as the flag goes by. — Bunner.

II

6	7	8	9
won	sour	cross	blow
watch	or ange	smooth	horn
slide	newspaper	sour	story
seems	won	true	cross
answer off	question watch 46	orange every	know smooth

FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

47

10. Dictation Review

I. I won the watch as a prize. 2. I have a sour orange. ' 3. We must cross while the water is smooth. 4. Blow your horn before you cross the street.

	Homonyms
won	We won the game.
one	I saw only one III	cloud in the	sky.
11	12	13		14
too	lazy	strong		hollow
tired	Ufe	pole		post
blow	too	lazy		pole
true	off	life		sour
horn	tired	died		half
laid	many	always		cross
watch	smooth	answer		strong

15. Dictation Review

I. He is too tired to play any more. 2. Nobody has a right to lead a lazy Hfe. 3. The pole is so strong that he cannot bend it. 4. The bird built her nest in an old hollow post.

Homonyms to Ask her to play with you. two Two pints make a quart. too It is too warm here.

You cannot eat your cake and have it too. — Proverb.

48

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

IV

16	17	18	19
wear	need	dust	bright
neck	fence	roll	lin en
post	blow	need	dust
horn	wear	tired	roll
lazy	neck	pole	slide
hollow	strong	fence	orange

20. Dictation Review I. Wear something around your neck to-night.

2.

We

need a fence around our garden. 3. See that dog roll in the dust. 4. This linen is bright red.

V

21	22	23	24
ought	brought	navy-	sin gle
mend	sug ar ^	fought	word
linen	neck	sugar	navy
wool	ought	life	fought
need	mend	post	hollow
bright	fence	brought	smooth

25. Dictation Review

I. You ought to mend your dress. 2. Have you brought home any sugar? 3. Our navy has fought well. 4. I have not heard a single word about the play.

^ Pronunciation on page 178.

FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

49

VI

26	27	28	29
wrong	heavy	sea	throw
figure	trunk	salt	stick
single	figure	heavy-	wear
roll	dust	trunk	need
word	sour	bright	salt
strong	wrong	orange	sea

30. Dictation Review

I. Are you not writing the wrong figure here ? 2. Will you take your heavy trunk? 3. The water in the sea is too salt to drink. 4. Throw a stick into the fire. 5. There are a great many here.

Homonyms

Fishes live in the sea. see I see blue sky to-day.

VII

31	32	33	34
order	oil	pay	mark
suit	wheel	deafi	plain
throw	suit	oil	pay
ought	navy	wheel	deaf
stick	salt	tired	mend
cream	order	brought	fought
	1 Pronunciation on page 177.

50

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

35. Dictation Review

I. Did you order a suit of clothes to-day? 2. He had to stop to oil a wheel. 3. Please pay this deaf boy for making a new table. 4. The mark on this paper is not plain.

I'm — I am

36. Contractions . it's

we re

it IS

we are

you re — you are he's — he is they're — they are

she's — she is Notice that the apostrophe takes the place of an omitted letter. Write simple sentences of your own, using these contractions.

To Be Distinguished

it's It's a cold morning.

its Leave every chair in its place.

		VIII
37	38	39	40
tight	blind	meant	used
knot	picture	hang	point
mark	knot	figure	hang
plain	oil	word	stick
sugar	tight	blind	throw
money	fight	paid	heavy
wrong	sight	picture	meant

FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

51

41. Dictation Review

I. Do not make the knot too tight. 2. This is a pic- ture of a blind man. 3. I meant to hang it on the wall. 4. I ought to have done it long ago. 5. I used to point at every flag I saw.

Homonyms

knot Here is a knot in the rope, not He does not see very well.

IX

42	43	44	45
turn	nei ther	rail road	leaf
ei ther	ankle	track	blew
used	sea	suit	figure
order	turn	fruit	plain
point	single	ankle	track
sugar	either	neither	often
sweet	evening	Tuesday	railroad
	46. Dictation Review

I. You may turn either to the right or to the left. 2. Neither ankle was hurt. 3. Stop and look before you cross the railroad track. 4. A leaf blew off the tree.

Homonyms

blew The wind blew hard. blue The sky is blue.

52

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Review (Sections I-IX)

See Note to Teacher, page 5.

true				need
off	oil	track	ought	wheel
too	point	story	fought	seems
lazy	blow	ankle	brought	tight
leaf	blew	throw	either	bright
sea	post	mend	neither	order
won	neck	watch	hollow	trunk
pay	navy	wear	orange	blind
roll	word	tired	figure	deaf
suit	mark	plain	picture	meant
salt	knot	slide	answer	heavy
life	hang	fence	smooth	cross
pole	used	linen	railroad	single
dust	turn	stick	question	wrong
sour	horn	sugar	newspaper	strong

47. Vowels and Consonants — Spelling Rule I

The letters a, e, i, o, u (and sometimes w and y ^) are called vowels. The name consonants is given to all letters that are not vowels.

have come ride

With what letter does each of these words end? Is the letter before the last in each word a vowel or a consonant ?

1 In the combinations aw, ew, ow, ay, ey, oy; also y when it is sounded like i.

FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

53

Sometimes we wish to add ing to these words, but a simple change is made before doing so. The e is dropped and then ing is added, like this :

have — having

come -^ coming ride — r idin g

Spelling Rule I. — A word ending in e with a con- sonant before it, drops the e when ing is added.

Following the rule, add ing to these words :

give	skate	name	use
hope	place	leave	race
make	write	change	please
take	like	smoke X	dance
48	49	50	51
bath	sold	work	nick el
ocean	wood	ready	worth
leaf	bath	sold	watch
blew	wheel	wood	work
where	ocean	ankle	trunk
either	gray	brought	ready

52. X>iCTATioN Review I. I like to take a bath in the ocean. 2. The farmer has not sold all his wood. 3. The work is ready for you to take home. 4. How bright this nickel is !

5. What is worth doing at all is worth doing well.

— Proverb.

54

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XI

53	54	56	56
thick	fresh	hide	farther
branch	cabbage	until	ahead
worth	thick	suit	knot
deaf	feel	fresh	hide
nickel	branch	ought	until
picture	railroad	cabbage	track

57. Dictation Review I. That branch is so thick that I can't cut it off. 2. I have brought you a fresh cabbage. 3. Hide until I call. 4. After walking a little farther we saw a light ahead of us.

XII

58	59	60	61
freeze	roof	such	silver
fingers	brick	queer	edge
ahead	work	roof	such
worth	bath	brick	queer
farther	freeze	nickel	ready
until	fingers	branch	good-by

62. Dictation Review

I. Your fingers will freeze if you play too long in the snow. 2. The roof of the brick house is all right. 3. Did you ever hear such a queer story? 4. The edge of that cloud looks like silver.

FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

oo

XIII

63	64	66	66
could	should	would	price
copy	shake	sweep	cheap
edge	copy	shake	would
roof	thick	queer	sweep
fresh	could	should	sugar
silver	fingers	cabbage	cough

67. Dictation Review I. Do you think you could copy this letter? 2. You should shake the snow off your coat. 3. I wish you would sweep that rug. 4. The price of this chair is two dollars. 5. It's very cheap.

Homonyms

would Do unto others as you would that others should do

unto you. — Golden Rule, wood This door is made of wood.

XIV

68	69	70	71
hungry	kitch en	noth ing	pour
chick en	stove	else	cof fee
price	navy	stove	else
strong	linen	wear	salt
silver	hungry-	aunt	smooth
cheap	chicken	kitchen	nothing

56

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

72. Dictation Review

I. Give that hungry chicken some corn. 2. Build 3 fire in the kitchen stove. 3. There is nothing else for you to do. 4. Will you please pour some coffee for me?

XV

73	74	75	76
ex pect	their	thread	draw
friend	mis take	break	load
pour	expect	knot	soap
tight	blew	their	thread
coffee	friend	meant	break
either	point	again	picture
week	Wednesday	mistake	bright

77. Dictation Review

I. I expect a friend from the city. 2. When did you hear of their mistake? 3. Did your thread break? 4. One horse cannot draw so heavy a load.

5. The way to have a friend is to be one. — Emerson. 6. Who has seen the wind ? Neither you nor I : But when the trees bow down their heads, The wind is passing by. — Rossetti.

Homonyms

their They came in their car. there There is too much snow on the ground, I have often seen it there.

FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF XVI

57

78	79	80	81
breath	lose	aim	beau ti f ul
nose	ribbon	middle	world
load	breath	won	aim
true	nose	lose	shake
worth	ocean	ribbon	nothing
draw	branch	nickel	middle

82. Dictation Review I. Draw a breath through your nose. 2. Did your friend lose her hair ribbon ? 3. Aim at the middle of the mark. 4. We live in a beautiful world.

83. Spelling Rule I Reviewed A word ending in e with a consonant before it, drops the e when ing is added. Following the rule, add ing to these words, and use the new forms in written sentences : shake hide lose slide freeze

84	85	86	87
be gin ning	Jan u a ry	March	May
month	Feb ru a ry 1	April	June
world	month	own	March
could	until	cheap	April
beautiful	neither	January	coffee
kitchen	beginning	February	newspaper
Correct abbreviations are : Jan. Feb.	Mar. Apr. 1 Pronunciation on page 177.

58

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

88. Dictation Review

I. We are beginning a new lesson. 2. January is the first month of the year. 3 . February is the second month. 4. March, April, and May are spring months. 5. In June the days are long.

XVIII

89	90	91	92
July	Sep tern ber	No vem ber	fourth
August	Oc to ber	De cem ber	sixth
May	July	September	November
June	August	October	December
load	mistake	break	world
brick	beginning	friend	freeze
Correct abbi	eviations are : Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 93. Dictation Review

I. There is no school in July and August. 2. Sep- tember, October, and November are autumn months. 3. December is the last month of the year. 4. April is the fourth month. 5. June is the sixth month.

94. Old Saying

Thirty days have September,

April, June, and November ;

All the rest have thirty-one

Excepting February alone,

Which has just four and twenty-four.

Till leap year gives it one day more.

FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

59

Review (Sections X-XVHI)

aim	such	ahead	March	January
else	draw	thread	Mar.	Jan.
hide	price	ready	April	February
edge	break	breath	Apr.	Feb.
lose	wood	friend	May	August
work	brick	shake	June	Aug.
bath	thick	sweep	July	September
sold	ocean	could	fourth	Sept.
copy	queer	would	month	October
nose	stove	should	nothing	Oct.
load	world	fingers	cabbage	November
pour	worth	farther	chicken	Nov.
roof	cheap	expect	middle	December
until	nickel	coffee	hungry	Dec.
their	freeze	branch	mistake	beautiful
sixth	silver	ribbon	kitchen	beginning

For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Fourth Grade, First Half Year, see pages 177—178.

95. Dictation Exercise

All that you do,

Do with your might : Things done by halves

Are never done right.

60

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Supplementary Words (Fourth Grade, First Half)

See Preface, page iii.

rake	threw	bowl	tiger	rush
fork	base ball	gift	mon key	march
mill	foul	broom	crow	battle
grind	sound	brush	ant	dan ger
haul	play ers	clay	blown	trial
bolt	polite	pipe	frost	ditch
pump	beach	chalk	baked	sink
ax	bathe	glue	loaf	gain
chop	beech	cloth	oven	grand
hoe	root	needle	plen ty	near ly
toe	bloom	shirt	news	nine teen
heel	bios som	skirt	stout	thir teen
elbow	bunch	neck tie	form	hers
wrist	leaves	neat	bash ful	ours
wave	bit ter	comb	nor	yours
blade	cherry	curly	fool ish	theirs ^

Homonyms

beach There is a large bath house on the beach. beech See the leaves on that beech tree.

hall This door opens into the hall,

haul These horses can haul a heavy load.

through May we walk through your garden ? threw He threw his pipe away.

1 This room is ours and the next one is theirs.

Fourth Grade, Second Half Year

XIX

96	97	98	99
safe	cot ton	move	don't
com pa ny	plant	sud den ly	laugh
fourth	safe	plant	move
sixth	queer	cotton	breath
sweep	mistake	thread	ready
expect	their	bread	dead
beautiful	company	hungry	suddenly

100. Dictation Review I. The boy has been in safe company. 2. The plant from which we get cotton grows in the South. 3. The company was suddenly ordered to move. 4. Don't laugh at the mistakes of others.

5. Things don't turn up in this world until some one turns them up. — Garfield.

6. It is better to be alone than in bad company.

— Washington. Contractions

isn't — is not aren't — are not wasn't — was not weren't — were not

101.

what's — what is that's — that is there's — there is where 's — where is

Use these contractions in written sentences, to use the interrogation point correctly.

61

Be careful

62

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XX

102	103	104	105
brown	silk	be tween	upper
but ton	waist	age	teeth
don't	sixth	silk	edge
stove	brown	waist	copy
laugh	button	middle	age
ocean	February	friend	between

106. Dictation Review

I. I have just found a large brown button. 2. My mother has a new silk waist. 3. What is her age ? She's between eight and nine. 4. A cow has no upper teeth.

107. Spelling Rule I Reviewed

Following the rule (page 53), change the following words to forms ending in ing :

move love close hope

bathe wave smile lose

XXI

108	109	110	111
gate	yel low	river	third
jail	tail	rise	pair
upper	gate	tail	rise
teeth	jail	roof	safe
clothes	cotton	don't	river
January	company	yellow	plant

FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 63

112. Dictation Review

I. The gate of the jail is very heavy. 2. See that bird I with the yellow tail. 3. Do you think the river will rise much to-night? 4. Isn't this the third pair of shoes I iiave bought for you ?

113. Proper Names

Review the names on pages 30, 57, and 58. You ought to know how to spell :

1. The names of your playmates.

2. The name of your teacher and the name of the prin- cipal of your school.

3. The names of the most important cities or towns near your home.

	XXII
114	115	116	117
heat	meal	mean	excuse
tea	it self	beat	reach
pair	tea	meal	move
cheap	heat	used	beat
third	laugh	itself	mean

September upper button waist

118. Dictation Review

I. Please heat some water for making tea. 2. We have meat for one meal a day. 3. The farm will soon pay for itself. 4. I mean to beat him in the game to- day. 5. Please excuse me if I reach in front of you.

64	ESSENTIALS	OF SPELLING
		XXIII
119	120		121	122
ripe	lemon		ba na na	pear
peach	pie		skin	be long
excuse	ripe		pie	skin
jail	peach		rise	teeth
reach	river		lemon	waist
yellow	November	railroad	banana

123. Dictation Review

I. This peach is not ripe yet. 2. I like lemon pie best of all. 3. Don't throw a banana skin on the ground. 4. Those pear trees belong to my uncle.

Homonyms pear You may eat a pear or a peach now. pair Will you buy me a pair of skates ?

		XXIV
124	125	126	127
crowd	busy-	metal	a f raid
wait	town	shine	sir
pear	wait	busy	tea
nose	pour	town	shine
third	crowd	mark	metal
belong	mean	break	lose
October	cotton	itself	suddenly

FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

65

128. Dictation Review

I. The crowd must wait until the doors are open. 2. I live in a busy town. 3. See the metal shine in the sun- light. 4. Is your horse afraid, sir?

129. Spelling Rule II

A word ending in y with a consonant before it, keeps y when ing is added, but changes y to i when ed or es is added.

cry — crying, cried, cries city — cities

Following the rule, add es to these words : story baby body lady

Following the rule, add ing, ed, and es to these words : try copy study dry

XXV

130	131	132	133
caught	taught	e nough	rough
knife	trick	break fast	lake
sir	pie	shine	August
meal	knife	trick	enough
afraid	caught	taught	breakfast
mistake	best	excuse	beginning

134. Dictation Review

I. I caught the knife when it fell. 2. My uncle has taught me a new trick. 3. Have you had enough break- fast? 4. The lake seems to be very rough to-night.

5. No man is poor who has enough ; nor rich who wants more than he has. — Proverb.

66

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XXVI

135	136	137	138
carry	hon est	iron	rath er
ham mer	family	chain	sorry
lake	busy	crowd	iron
peach	carry	honest	chain
rough	hammer	family	pear
banana	afraid	April	metal

139. Dictation Review

I. Will you carry a hammer in your basket? 2. All the boys in that family were taught to be honest. 3. That iron chain is hard to break. 4. I'm rather sorry that I went there.

5. Strike while the iron is hot. — Proverb.

140. Plural of Nouns

Most nouns add s or es to the singular to form the plural:

boy — boys church — churches

Write the plural forms of the following nouns by add- ing 5:

friend answer eye knee mistake

evening fence ear lemon banana

Write the plurals of the following nouns by adding es : cross branch watch wish

FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

67

	XXVII
141	142 143		144
field	wrote a ble		thin
grain	tru ly doc tor,	Dr.	blan ket
sorry	knife truly		able
trick	field wrote		July
month	grain brown		heavy
rather	enough caught		doctor, Dr
	145. Dictation Review

I. That farmer has large fields of grain. 2. I wrote " Yours truly " at the end of the letter. 3. Our doctor would be able to cure you. 4. Take a thin blanket out of the closet.

	XXVIII
146	147	148	149
per feet	won't	wide	un less
shape	whis per	stairs	match
thin	iron	won't	wide
story	shape	chain	stairs
blanket	perfect	whisper	rather
hammer	breakfast	family	enough
	150. Dictation Review

I. That tree is almost perfect in shape. 2. Our teacher won't let us whisper. 3. The stairs in the old house were very wide, 4. I can't build a fire unless I find a match.

68

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

151. Contractions

don't	— do not	wouldn't -	- would not
doesn't — does not	couldn't -	- could not
can't	— can	not	shouldn't -	- should not
won't	— will not	haven't -	- have not
		hasn't —	■ has not
Use these contractions in written sentences.
	Review (Sections XIX-XXVTTT)
		See Note to Teacher, page 5.
pie	tea	plant	truly	doctor, Dr.
sir	heat	laugh	upper	taught
age	meal	brown	wrote	caught
ripe	beat	waist	teeth	banana
jail	mean	river	match	yellow
tail	reach	third	cotton	hammer
wait	peach	crowd	excuse	family
move	lake	metal	itself	perfect
safe	iron	shape	afraid	honest
gate	pear	lemon	unless	rather
silk	able	trick	button	whisper
rise	don't	shine	belong	blanket
pair	won't	carry	knife	between
skin	town	sorry	stairs	company
thin	wide	chain	rough	suddenly
busy	field	grain	enough	breakfast

	FOURTH GRADE,	SECOND	HALF 69
	XXIX
152	153	154	155
num ber	twelve	wife	with out
e lev en	o'clock	knew	f eath er
unless	wide	won't	knew
match	truly	twelve	grain
caught	number	o'clock	wife
silver	eleven	perfect	blanket

156. Dictation Review

I. My seat is number eleven. 2. We go home from school at twelve o'clock. 3. His wife knew my sister. 4. That hat looks well without any feather.

5. A house without books is like a room without win- dows. — Beecher.

Homonyms

knew They knew they had won the game. new I have a pair of new shoes.

XXX

157	158	169	160
shoot	stran ger	whole	thumb
squir rel	knock	army	glove
shape	shoot	knock	army
without	stairs	doctor	whole
tail	belong	stranger	field
feather	squirrel	match	whisper

70

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

161. Dictation Review I. You ought not to shoot a squirrel in the park. 2. Did a stranger knock at the door? 3. The whole army had to march over the new road. 4. The thumb of my glove will soon wear out.

Homonyms whole I ate a whole banana. hole Can you mend this hole in my glove ?

162 163

moun tain get ting

camp sup per

glove camp

sorry laugh

thumb field

itself

XXXI

164 . 165

veg e ta ble noise

din ner wake

June knot

iron dinner

getting

mountain supper

between vegetable

166. Dictation Review I. We spent the month of August at a mountain camp. 2. My sister is getting supper. 3. We ate vegetables for dinner. 4. Will the noise wake the baby?

167. Holidays New Year's Day Fourth of July

Lin coin's Birth day La bor Day

Wash ing ton's Birth day Thanks giv ing Day

Me mo ri al Day Christ mas

FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

71

XXXII

168	169	170	171
chase	quar ter	cen ter	hap pen
animal	inch	storm	f ol low
wake	chase	inch	center
noise	wrote	whole	storm
knock	animal	quarter	thumb
knew	suddenly	stranger	twelve

172. Dictation Review

I. Why did you chase that animal ? 2. This ribbon is only a quarter of an inch wide. 3. We were right in the center of the storm. 4. How did his dog happen to follow you?

173. Review or Spelling Rule II

Review section 129, page 65. Following the rule, change y to i and add es to these words :

family fairy army company

	XXXIII
174	175	176	177
drive	pretty-	heart	re mem ber
shore	sail	blood	size
noise	drive	sail	heart
glove	shore	wake	blood
follow	whole	pretty	number
happen	unless	o'clock	animal

72

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLmG

178. Dictation Review I . We took a drive along the shore of the ocean.

2. The

sail of that boat looks very pretty. 3. The heart sends blood through the body. 4. Do you remember the size of your gloves ?

Homonyms sail I like to sail on the lake. sale His boat is for sale.

XXXIV

179	180	181	182
shade	min ute	picnic	hun dred
po ta toes	count	forty-	thou sand
size	shade	count	camp
chase	shoot	dinner	forty
fourth	getting	supper	picnic
center	potatoes	minute	inch
remember	squirrel	eleven	mountain
	183. Dictation Review
I. Potatoes do not grow	well in the shade. 2. How
many ran you	count in a	minute? 3.	Forty children

went on a picnic. 4. There were a hundred thousand men in each army.

184. Common Names These are the names of some of your school studies : arithmetic history writing drawing

ge og ra phy read ing spell ing sing ing

FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF XXXV

73

185	186	187	188
SOW	Ues	won der	land
wheat	a sleep	to-mor row	is land
size	sow	lies	to-morrow
forty	wheat	March	third
hundred	happen	asleep	follow
thousand	minute	remember	wonder

189. Dictation Review

I. Many fartners sow wheat in the autumn. 2. The baby lies asleep in its cradle. 3. I wonder what we shall do to-morrow. 4. An island is land which has water all around it.

Homonyms

so It is so dark that I must light a lamp.

sew I like to sew plain linen.

sow A farmer should not sow his seed too early.

XXXVI

190	191	192	193
mind	quiet	train	shad ow
mas ter	av e nue	bridge	earth
land	mind	hide	train
count	else	quiet	drive
honest	would	reach	chicken
island	master	avenue	bridge

74

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

194. Dictation Review I. Why does that dog mind his master so well ? 2. We live on a quiet avenue. 3. A long train went over this bridge an hour ago. 4. Once in a long while we can see the shadow of the earth on the moon.

XXXVII

196	196	197	198
learn	Club	Mr. (Mister)	Miss
save	among	Mrs. (Mistress)	chief
earth	town	club	Mr.
heart	learn	blood	Mrs.
lies	save	picnic	shore
shadow	wonder	among	pretty
taught	without	vegetable	feather

199. Dictation Review I. Learn to save and you are on the road to riches.

2. A club was formed among the boys of our class.

3. Mr. and Mrs. White are coming to-night. 4. Miss Brown took the chief part in our play.

5. One to-day is worth two to-morrows. — Franklin.

200. Dictation Exercise — Friendly Letter

Newtown, Ky.

February 12, 1918 Dear Miss Cook, —

You were very kind to write me a letter telling what is going on in school.

FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

75

I have been sick a whole week. I don't like it, for the days are too long, and there is no fun.

The doctor says I am getting better. He lets me read a little every day. I wish I had some picture books to look at. I shall have to study hard when I get back to school. I hope that will be soon.

Yours truly,

May Little

	Review	' (Sections	XXIX-XXX\	m)
Mr.	sail	earth	thumb	avenue
Mrs.	train	learn	among	bridge
Miss	forty	wrote	asleep	feather
sow	truly	chief	number	getting
land	shoot	shade	happen	without
army-	quiet	glove	wonder	hundred
wake	knew	drive	o'clock	squirrel
save	knock	blood	doctor	potatoes
club	whole	wheat	master	thousand
lies	noise	island	picnic	mountain
inch	chase	eleven	pretty	vegetable
camp	storm	twelve	minute	quarter
wife	shore	supper	dinner	stranger
size	heart	center	follow	remember
mind	count	animal	shadow	to-morrow

For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Fourth Grade, Second Half "ieai", see pages 178-179.

76

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Supplementary Words (Fourth Grade, Second Half)

	See Preface, page	iii
beef	cat tie	oh	sneeze	gas
beef steak	hog	joy	creep	blaze
peel	drove	be come	bleed	chim ney
po ta to	driven	habit	faint	ket tie
pork	herd	tooth	grow	knives
mut ton	shot	claws	howl	rusty
pep per	goose	grown ^	mer ry	Sab bath
lem on ade	pluck	gath er	pinch	agent
pea nut	pillow	weed	scream	hotel
so da	apron	bury	fault	bUl
ounce	braid	be neath	be have	loan
peck	width	soil	less	coax
gal Ion	fas ten	thaw	noisy	snake
ad di tion	buck le	show er	organ	rat tie
sub tract	upon	creek ^	woke	teach
mul ti ply	drew	burst	slim	re cess
divide	drawn	flood	sail or	puzzle
how ev er	car ried	stopped	await	inform

Homonyms

heard I heard what you said.

herd My father owns a fine herd of cattle.

berry This red berry grew in our garden, bury Bury the stick deep in the ground.

» As in " He has grown very tall."

' Pronounced (krek).

FIFTH GRADE

First Half Year

To THE Teacher. Please read pages vii to xii.

1	2	3	4
hire	enjoy	re cent	serve
cot tage	va ca tion	guest	them selves
unless	knife	age	center
true	hire	does	recent
which	cottage	thumb	heard
island	wrote	vacation	guest
minute	honest	enjoy	until

5. Dictation Review

I. We expect to hire a cottage near the ocean. 2. We hope to enjoy our vacation there. 3. One of our recent guests brought the food for dinner. 4. It was great fun for our guests to serve themselves.

II

6	7	8	9
dou ble	steam	be lieve	pack age
alarm	en gine	loss	con tain
serve	always	much	loss
guest	often	engine	cottage
themselves	alarm	steam	believe
enough	double	field	sugar
hire	enjoy	many	tight

77

78

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

10. Dictation Review

I. Tbe fire was so large that a double alarm was sent in. 2. It began in a room near the steam engine. 3. I believe the loss will be great. 4. Does that package contain anything that will burn ?

North A mar i ca	Eu rope	Af ri ca
South America		Asia III	Aus tra li a
12	13	14	15
marry	ar range	trou ble	care f ul
ecu pie	music	circle	clerk
package	write	loss	trouble
themselves	believe	arrange	double
contain	couple	music	circle
engine	marry	guest	package
recent	alarm	vacation	bright

16. Dictation Review

I. Will he marry this couple in the church? 2. I can ar- range the music without any trouble. 3. Do you see the circle around the sun? 4. A clerk should be careful not to make mistakes.

5. Long may our land be bright

With freedom's holy Ught. — Samuel Smith.

17. Names of the Oceans

At Ian tic In di an

Pa cif ic Arc tic

Ant arc tic

FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

79

IV

18	19	20	21
whose	steal	po lice	es cape
bun die	di a mond	ar rest	sta tion
chief	steam	careful	forty
careful	bundle	such	done
clerk	believe	steal	arrest
music	whose	double	having
couple	arrange	diamond	police

22. Dictation Review

I. Whose bundle has been taken? 2. Did somebody steal the diamond ring, too? 3. The police expect to arrest him soon. 4. He will not be able to escape from the station.

23	24	26	26
during	ly ing	coarse	hoarse
visit	loose	towel	voice
twelve	police	which	edge
station	during	arrest	coarse
escape	trouble	loose	every
steal	visit	lying	towel
much	diamond	ready	whose

27. Dictation Review

I. My uncle was sick during his recent visit to us. 2. There were many papers lying loose on the table. 3. Does he like to use a coarse towel after his bath? 4. She could not sing at all with such a hoarse voice.

80

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

28. Spelling Rule I Reviewed

A word ending in e with a consonant before it, drops the e when ing is added.

Following the rule, add ing to these words and use the new forms in written sentences of your own.

beHeve hire chase escape dance

serve arrange drive move nurse

VI

29	30	31	32
entire	duty	knit	steel
coun try	sol diet 1	com fort	ves sel
during	shoes	half	knit
voice	visit	believe	country
hoarse	towel	duty	comfort
coarse	country	worth	, loose
horse	entire	soldier	know

33. Dictation Review

I. Every one in the entire country was busy. 2. It is the duty of a soldier to serve his country. 3. The stockings that you knit are a great comfort in winter. 4. Our country has built a great many steel vessels. 5. Many wooden sailing vessels are still in use.

6. An ounce of pluck is worth a ton of luck. — Garfield.

Homonyms

steal Thou shalt not steal. steel My knife is made of steel.

1 Pronunciation on page i8i.

FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

81

VII

34	35	36	37
quite	past	raise	car tain
gen tie	f u ture	a mount	fact
blue	easy	past	raise
duty	knit	their	afraid
steel	quite	future	amount
vessel	police	escape	comfort
arrest	gentle	diamond	coarse

38. Dictation Review

I. Our pony is quite gentle. 2. We shall ride past your house very often in the future. 3. Did the boys raise this amount of money themselves ? 4. I know certain facts about the war that you don't know.

Words to be Carefully Distinguished (both in pronuncia- tion and in spelling)

quite What you say is quite true.

quiet When you are quiet, I shall read to you.

VIII

39	40	41	42
can tral	deal	nar row	at tend
coun ty	labor	val ley	cir cus
hour	county	deal	voice
steel	towel	iron	duty
hoarse	lying	visit	believe
fact	during	labor	narrow-
certain	central	cough	valley

82

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

43. Dictation Review I. Our farm is in the central part of the county. 2. It took a great deal of labor to clear our fields. 3. Our road to town passes through a narrow valley. 4. We expect to attend the circus there next Wednesday.

44. Names or the States You should know how to spell the names of the states of your country, and to give correctly their abbreviations. (Lists on pages 82, 87, 94, 103.)

Maine

New Hamp shire, N. H.

Ver mont, Vt.

Mas sa chu setts, Mass.

Rhode Is land, R. I. Con nect i cut,^ Conn. New York, N. Y. New Jer sey, N. J.

Penn syl va ni a, Pa. IX

46	46	47	48
con nect	ebey	square	starve
spe cial	par ents	piece	death
any	quite	obey	once
fact '	steel	knew	past
labor	where	coarse	raise
attend	special	valley	square
circus	connect	parents	piece

49. Dictation Review I. A special train will connect with ours at the next station. 2. Children should obey their parents. 3. Can you use this square piece of cloth? 4. I am afraid the kitten will starve to death.

1 Pronounced (k^-nStt-kwt)

FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

83

50. Contractions

I've — I have

I'U — I shall (or will)

we've — we have

we'll — we shall (or will)

you've — you have you'll — you will they've — they have they'll —they will

Use each of these contractions in a written sentence of your own.

Review (Sections I-IX)

To THE Teacher. In testing a class on the spelling of a word, you should first give a simple sentence containing it, and then repeat the required word, thus : "His loss was small. Loss."

loss	serve	hoarse	alarm
duty	lying	coarse	special
knit	voice	double	cottage
past	quite	trouble	arrange
hire	labor	couple	certain
entire	steel	gentle	diamond
deal	visit	circle	vacation
steal	raise	circus	station
stea,m	death	amount	country
fact	whose	county	soldier
obey	piece	narrow	parents
guest	believe	attend	bundle
enjoy	recent	square	careful
marry	vessel	valley	contain
clerk	engine	starve	during
music	arrest	comfort	package
loose	escape	future	central
towel	police	connect	themselves

84

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

X

51	62	53	54
piano	rule	touch	prove
f ac to ry	prison	case	false
towel	piece	obey	case
guest	square	whose	. touch
starve	caught	built	such
death	piano	rule	county
Tuesday	factory	prison	cottage

55. Dictation Review I. Did you ever visit a piano factory? 2. Men in prison 'must obey many rules. 3. Please do not touch the glass case. 4. Can you prove that his story is false ?

56. Cities of this Country New York Bos ton De troit Cin cin na ti

Chi ca go ^ Bal ti more Buf fa lo New ark

Phil a del phi a Cleve land San Fran cis co New Or le ans ^

St. Lou is	Pittsburgh	Mil wau kee XI	Los An gel es ^
57	58	59	60
stead y	natural	die tion a	ry earn
sup ply	beau ty	ex plain	bi cy cle *
buy	can't	again	says
prove	central	narrow	certain
false	attend	amount	explain
alarm	steady	beauty	vacation
gentle	supply	natural	dictionary

Pronunciations: » (sM-k8'go) 2 {trne-^nz) ' (los Sq'gSl-Se) * See page 180.

FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

61. Dictation Review I. We need a steady supply of coal in winter.

85

proud of the natural beauty of our park, will explain what that word means. 4. money enough to buy a bicycle.

XII

2. We are 3. The dictionary I am going to earn

62	63	64	65
ac cept	guess	since	prop er
po si tion	pur pose	fore noon	re mark
earn	case	guess	false
just	shoes	prove	since
rule	starve	sixth	coming
circle	accept	won't	themselves
bicycle	position	purpose	forenoon

66. Dictation Review I. Did your brother accept a position in the bank? 2. I can guess your purpose in coming here. 3. It has grown warm since yesterday forenoon. 4. It was quite proper for you to make that remark.

67. Spelling Rule II Reviewed A word ending in y with a consonant before it, keeps y when

ing is added, but changes y to i when ed or es is added. Following the rule, add es to these words, and use the new

forms in written sentences of your own.

city copy duty study beauty

sky lady country story berry

Following the rule, add ing^ es, and ed to these words, and use the new forms in written sentences of your own.

marry carry try hurry supply

86

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

		XIII
68	69		70	71
whom	un der stand	be came	maybe
refer	ache		dan ger ous	sign
whole	whom		ache	earn
supply	else		friend	steady
proper	refer		bicycle	became
thousand	explain		beauty	answer
remark	natural		understand	dangerous

72. Dictation Review I. To whom did he refer in his letter? 2. I do not under- stand why my head should ache. 3. Our pet dog became dangerous last week. 4. Maybe you do not imderstand what this sign means.

73. Dictation Exercise

Five things observe with care :

Of whom you speak,

To whom you speak, And how, and when, and where.

XIV

74	75	76	77
office	state	with in	de pend
el e va tor	cap i tal	pain	cli mate
sign	refer	state	since
knit	guess	ocean	pain
proper	their	accept	wrong
maybe	office	future	remark
breakfast	elevator	capital	within

FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

87

78. Dictation Review

I. The elevator will carry you to the office. 2. What is the capital of your state? 3. Within an hour after I saw the doctor the pain was gone. 4. The plant life of a country de- pends upon the climate.

79. Names of the Del a ware, Del. Ma ry land/ Md. Vir gin i a, Va. West Virginia, W. Va. North Car o li na, N. C. South Carolina, S. C. Geor gi a, Ga. Flor i da, Fla.

States (page 82)

Ken tuck y, Ky. Ten nes see, Tenn. Al a ba ma, Ala. Mis sis sip pi, Miss. Ar kan sas,^ Ark. Lou i si an a,^ La. O kla ho ma,^ Okla. Tex as, Tex.

XV

80	81	82	83
peo pie	re turn	final	col lect
dodge	stamp	chance	tick et
won	knock	knot	used
tired	dodge	earn	ready
depend	people	stamp	final
climate	maybe	return	chance
forenoon	dangerous	purpose	position

84. Dictation. Review

I. In going across many of our streets, people must dodge between cars. 2. Please return all the stamps to the office. 3. This is your final chance to help us. 4. Some one wiH collect the tickets soon.

Pronunciations: i (m5r'T-iand) « ('arlcan-se) s (i6o-e-ze-aa'd) *(o-kld-ho'md)

88

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XVI

85 bush el gro cer y

state

refer

collect

ticket

brought

86 re fuse trade

office

bushel

became

could

grocery

87 total wreck

stamp

trade

either

refuse

capital

88 treat stom ach ^ total blew wreck natural elevator

I. The fanner 2. Some people passed is a total ach so?

89. Dictation Review

brought a bushel of pears to the grocery store, refuse to trade there. 3. The car we just wreck. 4. How can you treat your stom-

90 guard for est

deal

treat

nickel

circus

stomach

91 fierce at tack

hear

steal

guard

forest

pain

XVII

92 prom ise res cue

says

fierce

engine

attack

connect

93

com mon

sense

early

entire

vessel

rescue

promise

94. Dictation Review

I. We must guard our forests. 2. The tiger made a fierce attack upon his keeper. 3. I promise to rescue you if you can't swim. 4. Use common sense about your work.

^ Pronunciation on page i8i.

FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

89

Words to be Distingxhshed

sense Those words do not make good sense, cents One hundred cents make a dollar.

95. Spelling Rule III

A word of one syllable that ends in a single consonant with a single vowel before it, doubles the final consonant when ingy edy er, or y is added ; thus

hit — hitting drum — drummer

rub — rubbing, rubbed mud — muddy

Following the rule, add ing, ed, er, or y to these words and use the new forms in sentences of your own.

stop big drop run rob

stir sun shut knit fit

XVIII

96	97	98	99
se lect	birth day	re gard	also
col lar	pros ent	truth	ap point
treat	two	guard	truth
sense	dodge	trade	pretty-
fierce	final	present	regard
waist	select	o'clock	bushel
common	collar*	birthday	understand

100. Dictation Review

I. Will you select a collar for your dog? 2. I guessed that my birthday present would be a piano. 3. That boy has little regard for truth. 4. The company will also appoint an agent for this county.

90

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

101. Apostrophe to Show Possession

I. Singular nouns show possession by adding an apostrophe and s ('s) ; thus, the boy's coat, Charles's hat.

Write sentences of your own using the possessive forms of the following nouns :

friend wife

squirrel master

doctor robin

uncle aunt

II. Plural nouns that end in s show possession by adding an apostrophe only ; thus, the boys' coats. Plural nouns that do not end in s show possession by adding the apostrophe and s ; thus, men's hats.

Write sentences of your own using the possessive forms of the following nouns :

friends children girls farmers

		XIX
102	103	104	105
Spare	health y	choose	young
ex pense	per son	motor	daugh ter
also	touch	been	motor
dear	read	whom	queer
station	spare	person	depend
appoint	expense	special	choose
trouble	connect	healthy	parents

106. Dictation Review

I. Spare no expense to build this house well. 2. A healthy person is almost always happy. 3 . What motor did you choose for your boat? 4. The man took his young daughter to the circus.

FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

91

107. Dictation Exercises

1. Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing.

2. Early to bed and early to rise.

Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. — Franklin.

3. You may as well borrow a person's money as his time.

— Horace Mann.

Review (Sections X-XIX)

ache	trade	became	truth
earn	wreck	within	explain
case	guard	depend	promise
whom	total	people	natural
sign	sense	choose	stomach
also	expense	return	climate
piano	motor	chance	purpose
rule	treat	ticket	capital
touch	prison	select	grocery
prove	steady	collect	bicycle
guess	healthy	bushel	present
since	accept	rescue	position
false	pain	refuse	elevator
refer	supply	forest	beauty
state	proper	attack	forenoon
dodge	office	fierce	birthday
stamp	maybe	collar	daughter
final	regard	person	dictionary
spare	common	appoint	understand
young	remark	factory	dangerous
For a pronouncing Ust of all words taught in the Fifth Grade, First Half Year,
see pages 1 80-1 81.

92

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Supplementary Words (Fifth Grade, First Half)

	See Preface, page iii.
oats	calm	jol ly	bul let
rye	awful	Ne gro	slen der
bar ley	grief	in dus tri ous	pris on er
care less	ugly	pupil	sec tion
wait er	beast	si lent	sig nal
sau cer	cruel	prob lem	ar range ment
dis pute	scare	proof	fleet
ex tra	sore^	ex act ly	dash
onion	itch	cor rect	foam
beet	plank	recite	shal low
tur nip	plat form	a loud	chill y
pick les	de pot 2	thief	fro zen
olive	truck	stole	numb
prunes	tank	pen ny	dumb
pudding	wire	pur pie	hmb
ci der	cop per	sweat er	maple
smell	lead	sport	chose
ninth	• hardware	sim pie	choice
tenth	tools	val en tine	group
ear li est	file	faith ful	heap
ex am pie	mar ble	aid	scrub
known	knob	re ward	base ment

Homonyms beat Did you beat him yesterday ? beet . A beet is a vegetable.

led He was led away to prison. lead A bullet is made of lead.

1 As in " A sore thumb."

2 Pronounced (dC'po).

Fifth Grade, Second Half Year

XX

108

lis ten

ad dress ^

young

motor

share

rescue

daughter

109 ap pear straight listen address select heavy eleven

110 idle hus band

also

choose

appear

straight

taught

111 at tempt climb idle busy forest collar husband

112. Dictation Review I. Did you listen to the address ? 2. Do these lines appear 3. Her husband was idle because the factory 4. Did you attempt to climb the mountain?

to be straight? was not running.

XXI

113 re view pa rade

climb

bundle

refuse

attempt

promise

114 meas ure height 1

wreck

death

review

parade

expense

115 none pleas ure

week

climate

forty

height

measure

116 pleas ant ex er else knew none stomach common pleasure

117. Dictation Review I. Mr. Young will review the parade. 2. Will you measure the height of the table? 3. None of the games last week gave us any pleasure. 4. Walking is pleasant exercise for me.

* Pronunciation on page 182. 93

94

ESSENTIAI.S OF SPELLING

118. Spelling Rule III Reviewed

Following the rule (page 89), add ing, ed, er, or y to these words, after doubling the final consonant, and use the new forms in sentences of your own :

get hot cut sit swim

gun shop fun thin spin

119. Names of the States (page 82)

Ohio		I 0 wa^
In di an a,	Ind.	Mis sou ri. Mo.
11 li nois/	111.	Kan sas, Kans.
Mich i gan	1,2 Mich.	Ne bras ka, Nebr.
Wis con sin, Wis.	North Da ko ta, N. Dak,
Min ne so	ta, Minn.	South Dakota, S. Dak. XXII
120	121	122 123
quit	re main	report public
mis chief	to geth er	in ju ry no tice
appear	quit	idle report
daughter	hour	lying often
always	to-night	remain husband
pleasant	mischief	present injury
exercise	birthday	together healthy

124. Dictation Review

I. You must quit your mischief now. 2. We shall remain together until the train goes. 3. Did the doctor report the injury? 4. Mr. Smith gave public notice that there would be no school to-day.

Pronunciations: ^ (tl-Y-noi') 2 (mYshT-gftn) ^ (I'o-wd)

FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

95

		XXIII
125	126	127	128
woman	offer	men tion	com plain
writ ten	weigh	rea son	weath er
quit	woman	weigh	hoarse
don^t	truly	offer	laugh
listen	review	climb	straight
public	attempt	meant	reason
notice	written	earn	mention

129. Dictation Review

I. This woman has written to offer me a new position. 2. How much do you weigh? 3. Will you mention a good reason for what you are doing ? 4. It does no good to complain of the weather.

5. A penny saved is a penny earned. — Thrift Motto.

Homonyms

weigh How much does the package weigh ? way There is always a best way of doing everything.

— Emerson.

		XXIV
130	131		132	133
ex am ine	won der ful	tear	pre pare
throat	heav ens		sleeve	sur prise
address	throat		public	tear
exercise	remain		notice	sleeve
injury	measure		wonderful	none
weather	examine		heavens	mischief
complain	writing		February	Tuesday

96

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

134. Dictation Review

I. Did the doctor examine your throat? 2. There are many wonderful facts to learn about the heavens. 3. How did you happen to tear your sleeve ? 4. Let us prepare a sur- prise for your aunt.

135. Plural of Nouns

We have already learned that most nouns form their plurals by adding s or es to the singular form; thus, bushel, bushels; church, churches.

A noun ending in y with a consonant before it, changes y to i and adds es to form the plural ; thus, lady, ladies ; baby, babies. See Spelling Rule II, page 85.

If the noun ends in y with a vowel before it, the plural is formed regularly by adding s; thus, boy, boys; key, keys.

Write the plural forms of the following nouns and use them in sentences of your own :

injury	factory	toy	country
valley	Sunday	day	county
history	grocery	monkey XXV	dictionary
136	137	138	139
wel come	fa mous	na tion al	at tract
peace	gen er al	in ter est	trav el er
sleeve	peace	offer	weigh
heard	wrote	which	twelve
woman	report	examine	written
prepare	welcome	famous	interest
earth	wheat	bridge	hundred
surprise	together	general	national

FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

97

140. Dictation Review

I. They said they would welcome a just peace. 2. Wash- ington was a famous general. 3. We should take more interest in our national forests. 4. The beauty of these mountains would attract any traveler.

5. Money placed at interest works day and night, in wet and dry weather. — Thrift Motto.

Homonyms

peace Grant said, " Let us have peace." piece Please bring me a piece of paper.

		XXVI
141	142	143	144
dis cov er	wagon	bruise	per haps
se cret	de liv er	shoul der	naugh ty
throat	secret	wagon	bruise
much	chief	pretty	break
pleasant	climb	appear	complain
attract	reason	deliver	mention
traveler	discover	surprise	shoulder

145. Dictation Review

I. Did you discover their secret? 2. You will need a large wagon to deliver the coal. 3. How did you bruise your shoulder? 4. Perhaps that naughty child threw his shoes away.

146. Dictation Exercise

How far that little candle throws his beams !

So shines a good deed in a naughty world. — Shakespeare.

98

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

	:	XXVII
147	148	149	150
com pare	cause	though	al though
length 1	fail ure	swift	mem ber
which	rough	cause	swift
buy	length	height	though
parade	secret	chance	heavens
perhaps	compare	failure	minute
naughty	pleasure	husband	exercise

151. Dictation Review I. Compare the length of a December day with that of a day in June. 2. What was the cause of his failure? 3. Though our horse was swift, he did not win the race. 4. Although I'm a member of the club, I do not often attend.

	:	XXVIII
162	153	154	155
weak	sup pose	re al ly	fear
wound	set tie	pos si ble	course
once	laid	ears	none
collect	weak	famous	deaf 2
wonderful	wound	settle	throat
although	among	choose	really
member	country	suppose	possible

156. Dictation Review I. The wound made the soldier weak. 2. I suppose we ought to settle the bill now. 3. Is it really possible that he will return to-night ? 4. I fear this course in music is too hard for you.

* Pronunciation on page 182.

' Pronunciation on page 177.

FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

91)

5. Be swift to hear, slow to speak. — Bible.

6. None are so deaf as those who won't hear.

weak week course

coarse

Proverb.

Homonyms

He is too weak to run. Seven days make one week. Of course you will go. The river winds in its course. This piece of linen is too coarse,

	Review (Sections XX-XXVUI)
	See Note to Tearher, page 83.
idle	review	reason	measure
tear	height	suppose	pleasure
quit	wound	compare	pleasant
climb	bruise	mention	weather
none	secret	mischief	heavens
cause	throat	complain	welcome
wagon	parade	remain	prepare
swift	report	husband	examine
fear	course	attract	naughty
weak	though	general	discover
peace	although	failure	shoulder
appear	member	deliver	possible
offer	length	perhaps	interest
weigh	settle	traveler	surprise
listen	famous	written	together
sleeve	really	address	national
woman	injury	straight	exercise
notice	public	attempt	wonderful

100

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XXIX

167	168	169	160
taste	eighth!	pa tient	or chard
bis cuit	col umn 1	worse	scarce
length	pain	wagon	worse
fear	taste	through	wear
lose	biscuit	raise	tear
loose	appoint	eighth	bruise
course	discover	column	patient

161. Dictation Review

I. Did you taste a biscuit? 2. Please sign your name in the eighth column. 3. The nurse says that the patient is worse. 4. Apples are very scarce in my orchard this year.

	XXX
162	163 164	166
ex cept	fur ther um pire	stnig gle
pas sen ger	search score	thought
orchard	said ache	climb
many	weigh believe	score
scarce	except deliver	iron
biscuit	though search	eighth
failure	passenger further	umpire

166. Dictation Review

I. Nobody except passengers may go through this gate. 2. They made no further search for the diamond. 3. The umpire should not have tried to keep the score. 4. He thought it was not worth while to struggle any more.

1 Pronunciation on page 182.

FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

101

Words to be Carefully Distinguished (both in pronuncia- tion and in spelling)

except I have all the money except fourteen cents. accept We shall accept your excuse.

	XXXI
167	168	169	170
usual	least	con trol	prompt
di rec tion	lone some	tongue	reply
weak	settle	idle	fear
circle	usual	least	cough
course	to-night	woman	tongue
struggle	direction	perhaps	control
thought	Wednesday	lonesome	none

171. Dictation Rj:viev/

I. Let us walk in the usual dicettioi'. 3. At least it doesn't seem lonesome there. 3. Try to control your tongue. 4. My sister sent a prompt reply, saying that she could not accept the position.

XXXII

172	173	174	176
stretch	drown	waste	level
pock et	effort	vote	pave ment
aim	sleeve	suit	vote
prompt	wound	drown	score
reply	stretch	effort	taste
worse	pocket	column	waste
interest	passenger	national	straight

102

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

176. Dictation Review I. Those oranges will stretch your pocket out of shape.

2. He will not drown without making an effort to save himself.

3. If you vote for that man, you will waste your vote. 4. We rode over miles and miles of level pavement.

Homonyms

waste Waste not, want not. — Thrift Motto, waist I have a new silk waist.

		XXXIII
177	178	179	180
de scribe	fifth	union	jeal ous
f el low	voy age	strength ^	women
level	sign	edge	wrong
course	piano	> ^ total	yoimg
umpire	fellow	fifth .	tongue
prepare	attract:	tfavder	union
pavement	describe	voyage	strength

181. Dictation Review

I. Describe the fellow whom you saw here last week. 2. This is the fifth voyage for that saUor . 3 . In union there is strength. 4. Jealous men and women are never happy.

182. Common Phrases

Use these word groups in sentences of your own : ought to go I wasn't there we don't

it isn't aren't you going he doesn't

haven't any would have gone there are

haven't you she isn't going used to

1 Pronunciation on page 183.

FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

103

		XXXIV
183	184	185	186
forth	press	un a ble	al ready-
ex plore	for ward	praise	breathe
women	load	effort	hear
drown	vote	truth	unable
tongue	explore	forward	usual
jealous	struggle	press	praise
naughty	forth	compare	shoulder

187. Dictation Review

I. One of the travelers went forth to explore the strange country. 2. He pressed forward over the rough ground until he was unable to walk any farther. 3. The other travelers praised hun for his efforts. 4. I am much better already; I can breathe all right now.

Homonyms

forth In this suitcase you will find shirts, collars, and so forth, fourth The Fourth of July is a holiday.

188. Names

Men ta na, Mont.

I da ho

Wy o ming, Wyo.

Col o ra do, Colo.

Utah

Ne va da, Nev.

New Max i co, N. Max.

Ar i zo na, Ariz.

OF States, etc (page 82)

Wash ing ton, Wash.

Or a gon

Cal i for ni a, Calif.

Dis trict of Co lum bi a, D. C.

A las ka Tar ri to ry, Alaska

Ha wai i ^ Territory, Hawaii

Por to Ri co,2 P. R.

Phil ip pine Islands, P. I.

Pronunciations : * (ha-wi'e) 2 (por'to re'ko)

104

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

		XXXV
189	190	191	192
thrift	color	re peat	thun der
power	breast	sen tence	re suit
busy	laugh	color	union
fifth	thrift	wound	repeat
breathe	power	breast	really
already-	strength	possible	sentence
general	direction	although	forenoon

193. Dictation Review

I. Thrift is the power to save. 2. Our factory is run by steam power. 3. Did you see the color of that bird's breast? 4. Will you please repeat that sentence? 5. Thunder is the result of lightning.

Words to be Carefully Distinguished (both in pronuncia- tion and in spelling)

color What color did you paint your house ? coUar Do you like my new lace collar ?

XXXVI

194 some times angry very also result worse thunder

195

u su al ly pun ish

angry

patient

scarce

together

sometimes

196 prof it in stead

least

thrift

punish

already

usually

197 favor idea

tight

profit

instead

ticket

thought

FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

105

198. Dictation Review

I. This boy is sometimes angry. 2. I usually punish him in some way. 3. This year the books show profit instead of loss. 4. I do not favor the idea of closing school before the usual vacation.

	XXXVII
199	200	201	202
desert	to ward	dream	sin cere ly
re gion	kind ness	sure	pity
idea	reply	fellow	praise
does	desert	kindness	sure
regard	region	women	waste
favor	suppose	union	weather
stretch	welcome	toward	dream

203. Dictation Review

I. The traveler crossed a desert region. 2. We should show kindness toward strangers. 3. You cannot be sure that your dream will come true. 4. I sincerely pity a blind person.

204. Spelling Rule IV

A word of more than one syllable that accents the last syllable, and that ends in a single consonant with a single vowel before it, doubles the final consonant when ing, ed, or er is added ; thus, ,

control — controlUng, controlled, controller

Following this rule, and Rule III (page 89), add ing, ed, or er to these words and use the new forms in sentences of your own.

begin can win step spot

forget refer set hop pin

106

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XXXVIII

205	206	207	208
re ceive	a gree a ble	man u f ac ture	everything
in vi ta tion	a gainst	fur ni ture	use f ul
pity	idea	agreeable	sure
voyage	jealous	toward	profit
instead	punish	through	to-morrow
region	receive	against	furniture
sincerely	invitation	sometimes	manufacture

209. Dictation Reveew

I. Did you receive an invitation to John's party? 2. If it is agreeable to you we shall play against the boys of the stKth grade next week. 3. Where do you manufacture this furni- ture? 4. Try to make everything useful.

5. He who receives a good turn should never forget it; he who does one should never remember it. — Charron.

U nit ed States Can a da Max i CO Bra zil

Great Brit ain France Bel gi um Italy Greece Spain

210. COUNTEIES

A mer i cans Ca na di ans Mex i cans Bra zil ians Brit ish French Bel gi ans I talians^ Greeks Span iards

AND Peoples Rus sia ^ Po land Hun ga ry^ Aus tri a Ger ma ny Neth er lands Swe den Nor way China Japan

Rus sians

Poles

Hungarians*

Aus tri ans

Ger mans

Dutch

Swedes

Nor we gians^

Chi nese

Jap a nese

Pronunciations :

we'janz")

I (T-tia'yftiiz) 2 (rfish'd) » (hiii)'go-rT) < (hQi)-ga'rY-anz) « (n5r-

FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

107

211. Dictation Exercises

I was born an American, I live an American, I shall die an American. — Webster.

Do well the little things now and great things will come to you later, asking to be done. — Proverb.

Thrift begins with little savings. — Thrift Motto.

Review (Sections XXIX-XXXVIH)

vote	color	least	patient
idea	favor	dream	stretch
sure	worse	repeat	orchard
pity	level	breathe	struggle
angry	praise	women	describe
forth	except	toward	strength
drown	imapire	search	lonesome
score	tongue	voyage	pavement
reply	pocket	useful	usual
taste	eighth	explore	usually
waste	effort	forward	passenger
fifth	fellow	sentence	furniture
union	unable	instead	thunder
press	desert	receive	sometimes
region	result	thought	sincerely
thrift	punish	biscuit	agreeable
power	scarce	further	direction
prompt	jealous	control	invitation
profit	already	against	everything
column	breast	kindness	manufacture

For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Fifth Grade, Second Half Year, see pages 182-183.

108

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

v^uppiciiic	llUlXy VVUAU.O V^flXtXl V7XaUC| OCI See Preface, page iii.	^uuu xieui;
rai sin	slave	owe	breeze
CO coa	fool	Hst	mist
har vest	ig no rant	post al	fog
a cre^	pit i ful	birth «	moist
crop	crown	na tion	coast
chest nut ^	reb el ^	pride	har bor
rasp ber ry ^	rifle	tears ^	canal
straw ber ry	re pHed	cheek	cloth iiig
juic y	flee«	chin	stitch
jel ly	be yond	chest	stripe
pi geon ^	fa vor ite	worst	string
weight	po em	sHp per y	pitch er
tough	verse	scat ter	what ev er
gnaw	na ture	ashes	when ev er
wise	trav el	shov el	wher ev er
agree	fur nish	shout	some where
for give	par lor	Ian tern	coin
mer cy	frame	swal low	con due tor
en cour age	lum ber	poi son	real
er rand	car pet	pale	growth
di rect	cur tain	f e ver	con tra ry
ex cur sion	can vas	blis ter	im pos si ble
	Homonyms
pail	Please bring a	pail of water.
pale	Your sister looks pale.
wait	Please wait until I come.
weight	The weight of that bundle is ten	pounds.

Pronunciations: ^ (silieT) « (chgs'nQt) s (rXz'bSr-Y) * (P^J'Sn) s Noun is reb'el; verb is rebel'. ^ As in " He shall flee from the land of his birth, shedding b'tter tears."

SIXTH GRADE

First Half Year

To THE Teacher. Please read pages vii-xii.

1	2	I 3	4
ear nest	choc 0 late	0 bilge	man age
sue ceed	al CO hoi	adopt	de ceive
sure	believe	knit	adopt
beauty	stomach	least	circle
certain	succeed	jealous	obHge
strength	shoulder	alcohol	together
furniture	earnest	chocolate	weather

5. Dictation Review

I. If you are in earnest, you will succeed. 2. Chocolate is a food, but alcohol is a poison. 3. I have been obliged to adopt a new course. 4. How did he manage to deceive you?

5. If you want to succeed, save. — Thrift Motto.

II

6	7	8	9
cir cu lar	per suade	prep a ra tion	thor ough
ag ri cul ture	eas i ly	ben e fit	ed u ca tion
deceive	chocolate	promise	adopt
receive	circular	escape	toward
manage	death	easily	circle
earnest	alcohol	persuade	benefit
naughty	agriculture	special	preparation

109

no

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

10. Dictation Review I. Please read this circular about a course in agriculture. 2. You can easily persuade your friend to take it. 3. Such preparation for managing a farm would be of great benefit. 4. A thorough education is worth while.

		111
11	12	13	14
pe cul iar	dis miRS	dis tance	lunch eon
familiar	guide	Tillage	res tau rant
touch	voice	easy	women
loose	manage	guide	patient
eighth	succeed	dismiss	easily
thorough	familiar	instead	village
education	peculiar	circular	distance

15. Dictation Review I. These mountains are rather peculiar, but I am familiar with them. 2. Let us dismiss our guide. 3. It is only a short distance to the village. 4. There we can have luncheon at a restaurant.

		IV
16	17	18	19
dew	cur rant	tying	folks
dawn	ex eel lent	hand ker chief	bou quet *
piano	dew	adopt	angry
famous	dawn	thou^	tying
luncheon	explore	currant	bicycle
restaurant	benefit	deceive	thorough
agriculture	forenoon	excellent	handkerchief
	1 Pronunciation on page 184.

SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

111

20. Dictation Review

I. Have you ever seen dew on the grass at dawn ? 2. Here are some excellent currants for our cake. 3. Why are you tying a knot in your handkerchief? 4. Please take this bouquet to the young folks.

21. Adjectives

Change the following adjectives to forms that end in er and est; for example, small, smaller, smallest. Use them in sen- tences of your own.

young narrow ^ long bright queer

smooth quick strong weak old

22	23	24	26
mes sage	per mis sion	ac cu rate	seize
im me di ate ly	ex pe ri ence	ac count	enemy
guess	fierce	pity	color
folks	oblige	wagon	loose
tying	chocolate	piece	prompt
bouquet	against	parents	accurate
sentence	message	permission	account
preparation	immediately	experience	alcohol

26. Dictation Review

I. Please send this message immediately. 2. Will you give me permission to tell about my experience? 3. I shall try to give an accurate account. 4. The enemy tried to aeizc the city but failed.

5. Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other. — Franklin.

112

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

		VI
.27	28	29	30
unite	part ner	im ag ine	as sure
cho rus	firm	angel	con cam
seize	adopt	firm	angel
profit	unite	tying	persuade
benefit	chorus	partner	imagine
enemy	village	luncheon	excellent
perhaps	suppose	currant	handkerchief

31. Dictation Review

I. Let us unite in singing the chorus. 2. I am a partner in that firm. 3. Try to imagine that angels are with us. 4. I assure you that the matter does not concern me.

		VII
32	33	34	35
dam age	ab sence	judge	madam
fur nace	maid	de ci sion	re ceipt
guess	dew	maid	iron
seize	bouquet	buy	judge
assure	deceive	couple	biscuit
concern	damage	examine	familiar
dismiss	furnace	absence	decision

36. Dictation Review

I. The damage to our furnace was so great that we have no fire to-night. 2. During the absence of our maid I remained at home. 3. The judge will give his decision to-morrow. 4. Madam, do you wish a receipt for your money ?

SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 113

Homonyms maid When will the maid serve luncheon? made What made you come so soon ?

37. Formation of Adjectives (Lesson 21 Continued)

I. Adjectives ending in e add only r and st; thus, pure, purer, purest.

II. Adjectives ending in y change y to i before adding er or €st; thus, lazy, lazier, laziest. See Spelling Rule II, page 196.

III. Adjectives of one syllable ending in a single consonant with a single vowel before it, double the final consonant before adding er or est; thus, thin, thinner, thinnest. See Rule III.

Following the rules, change these adjectives to forms that end in er and est^ and use them in sentences of your own :

sure healthy early heavy happy

pretty pale big fierce hot

VIII

38	39	40	41
information knowledge	cap tain	pres i dent
judg ment	sub ject	cabin	the a ter
-every	rough	angel	blue
madam	early	absence	cabin
receipt	account	subject	assure
already	judgment	knowledge	captain
breakfast	information	experience	permission

42. Dictation Review

I. Without more information I cannot pass judgment. 2. I must first have a better knowledge of the subject. 3. The captain had little time to rest in his cabin. 4. President Lincoln was shot in a theater.

114

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

43

re pub lie ma jor i ty

cough

bouquet

theater

peculiar

president

44 tip hold gov ern ment

suit

could

republic

majority

restaurant

IX

45 con di tion cit i zen

tight

always

uphold

accurate

government

46

for eign

Ian guage

pity

message

citizen

condition

minute

47. Dictation Review

I. Our republic is not safe unless a majority of the people uphold it. 2. This man promises to uphold the government. 3. On that condition he may be made a citizen. 4. Do you speak any foreign language ?

5. Lost, yesterday, somewhere between sunrise and sunset, two golden hours, each set with sixty diamond minutes. No reward is offered, for they are gone forever. — Horace Mann.

Review (Sections I-IX)

	See Note to Teacher, page 83.
dew	chorus	receipt	majority
dawn	assiure	deceive	language
maid	easily	captain	thorough
firm	uphold	accoimt	chocolate
tying	earnest	currant	excellent
folks	absence	bouquet	knowledge
guide	subject	citizen	president
adopt	theater	foreign	condition
enemy	succeed	decision	immediately

SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

115

seize	benefit	circular	restaurant
unite	dismiss	persuade	permission
angel	cabin	distance	government
judge	oblige	luncheon	experience
madam	imagine	judgment	agriculture
manage	concern	republic	information
damage	furnace	peculiar	education
\dllage	partner	accurate	preparation
message	alcohol	famiUar	handkerchief
48	49	X 60	51
po lit i cal	ex treme ly	sec re ta ry	vol ume
con ven tion	fash ion	pa tience	cat a logue
madam	enemy	caught	decision
subject	partner	dismiss	condition
foreign	receipt	extremely	repubHc
language	political	fashion	patience
judgment	convention	majority	secretary

52. Dictation Review I. A political convention selected this man for office. 2. He speaks extremely well. 3. These clothes are in fashion now.

4. The secretary showed great patience in writing the letters.

5. The first volume of the art catalogue is missing.

53. Foreign Cities Lon don Par is Pe tro grad Con stan ti no pie

Liv er pool Bar Un Mos cow ^ Bue nos Ai res ^ Glas gow Vi en na To kyo Ri o de Ja nei ro ^

Pronunciations : ^ (mBa'ko) ^ (bwa'nos i'ras) ^ (rg'o da zhd-na'ro)

116

ESSENTL\LS OF SPELLING

		XI
64	55		56	57
ma chine	gen tie man	re tire	sober
sat is f ac to ry	manner		serv ice	quar rel
firm	folks		unite	retire
damage	chorus		assure	service
volume	absence		answer	deceive
expense	machine		manner	theater
catalogue	satisfactory	gentleman	patient

58. Dictation Review

I. The work which this machine does is not satisfactory. 2. You may know a gentleman by his manners. 3. Do you wish to retire from my service at the end of the year? 4. A sober man will not often begin a quarrel.

	XII
59	60	61	62
State ment	offend	truth f ul	sev er al
sig na ture	prin ci pal	se vere	ab sent
sober	thiunb	wrong	laugh
volume	patience	offend	severe
fashion	furnace	president	concern
quarrel	signature	principal	truthful
education	statement	information	experien

63. Dictation Review

I. That statement over your signature will settle everything. 2. Be careful not to offend the principal of our school. 3. If you are truthful, he may not be severe. 4. Several of the pupUs are absent this morning.

SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

117

64. Plural of Nouns

Some nouns ending mforfe change / or fe to ves to form the plural ; thus, calf, calves ; knife, knives.

Some nouns ending in o with a consonant before it, add es to form the plural ; thus, hero, heroes.

By making similar changes, write the plural forms of these nouns:

half	potato	leaf	loaf	thief
Ufa	wife	Negro shelf	tomato
		XII]
65	66		67	68
allow	neph ew		cous in	male
busi ness	niece		f u ner al	f e male
dawn	their		service	manner
cabin	captain		niece	quarrel
absent	imagine		retire	cousin
village	allow		nephew	fimeral
several	business		political	secretary

69. Dictation Review

I. You should not allow your business to take all your time.

2. This nephew and this niece are my sister's children.

3. There were twelve cousins at her funeral. 4. The male robin is a Uttle larger than the female.

5. It is every man's business to work in this world. It is the business of the rich man even more than of the poor man, because he has more with which to work. — Roosevelt.

Homonyms

male A male deer is called a stag. mail Please mail this letter for me.

118

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XIV

70	71	72	78
daily	trust	pri vate	treas ur er
com pan ion	law yer	there fore	com plete
male	daily	trust	absent
female	blew	ocean	private
foreign	damage	lawyer	therefore
statement	several	machine	truthful
signature	companion	convention	catalogue

74. Dictation Review I. His dog is his daily companion. 2. I trust my lawyer; therefore you may talk with him about any of my business, public or private. 3. Our treasurer has mailed you a complete account of the money in his hands.

XV

75	76	77	78
eel e bra tion	noble	in tro duce	medal
honor	con duct	neigh ber	gym na si um
offend	honor	noble	introduce
retire	cousin	conduct	nephew
severe	business	volume	extremely
treasurer	eleven	bouquet	allow

complete celebration thorough neighbor

79. Dictation Review

I. A celebration was held in his honor. 2. Every one spoke of his noble conduct. 3. May I introduce my neighbor? 4. A medal was given to the winner of the games in the gymnasium.

5. Above all, we must stand shoulder to shoulder for the honor and the greatness of our conmion country. — Roosevelt.

SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

119

XVI

80	81	82	83
check	worry-	con sent	car riage
bag gage	arrive	mar riage	op po site
medal	niece	maid	guide
desert	check	worry	earnest
furnace	baggage	arrive	consent
succeed	language	partner	marriage

gymnasium gentleman handkerchief immediately

84. Dictation Review

I. Did you check our baggage? 2. Yes, but don't worry if it doesn't arrive when we do. 3. Do you consent to their marriage? 4. Our carriage is there on the opposite side of the street.

		XVII
85	86	87	88
val u a ble	bur glar	awk ward	due
jewel	purse	prob a bly	false hood
daily	jewel	purse	often
noble	although	lawyer	death
chance	private	burglar	complete
carriage	valuable	business	probably
opposite	therefore	introduce	awkward

89. Dictation Reveew

I. She could not find her valuable jewels. 2. A burglar had stolen her purse. 3. The man has an awkward manner.. 4. It is probably due to the falsehood he told us.

5 . Cowards die many times before their death . — Shakespeare;.

120

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Homonyms due What amount is due you? dew The grass is wet with dew.

	XVIII
90	91	92	93
e lee trie	at ten tion	gov er nor	eon sid er
cur rent	com plaint	se ri ous	de eide
due	seize	receive	citizen
neighbor	thought	carriage	tongue
voyage	electric	conduct	serious
celebration	current	complaint	treasurer
falsehood	gymnasium	attention	governor

94. Dictation Review I. The electric current was turned off. 2. The company paid no attention to our complaint. 3. The governor knows it is a serious matter. 4. He will consider well before he decides what to do.

Homonyms current The current is strongest in the middle of the river, currant These dried currants are small raisins.

XIX

95	96	97	98
type writ er	eon tin ue	deny	cor dial ly
in de pend ent	salary	com mand	sue cess
due	worry	arrive	deny
check	burglar	salary	purse
decide	consent	though	carriage
consider	typewriter	continue	opposite

valuable

independent probably command

SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

121

99. Dictation Review

I. My typewriter has made me independent of a secretary. 2. He wiU not continue to work for his present salary. 3. We deny your right to command here. 4. I cordially wish you success. 5. May you prove that you are able to command a large salary.

Review (Sections X-XIX)

due	retire	burglar	private
deny	offend	serious	conduct
purse	severe	success	statement
sober	absent	awkward	introduce
niece	nephew	command	companion
daily-	cousin	complete	therefore
trust	lawyer	business	complaint
honor	salary	consider	signature
noble	current	patience	cordially
allow	opposite	truthful	catalogue
quarrel	fashion	neighbor	gentleman
check	machine	marriage	treasurer
worry	service	carriage	gymnashim
jewel	medal	extremely	falsehood
male	several	valuable	attention
female	funeral	probably	convention
arrive	political	electric	celebration
decide	principal	governor	typewriter
volume	baggage	continue	independent
manner	consent	secretary	satisfactory

For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Sixth Grade, First Half Year, see pages 184-185.

122

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Stif^ementary Words (Sixth Grade, First Half)

See Preface, page iii.

law tax

serv ant sen si ble cana ry eagle el e phant shark sav age hor ri ble evil art ist charm con cert so cial dine to ma to wal nut flavor mel low bak er y sat is fy

butch er

stock

ranch

stable

pas ture

dai sy

elm ^

f oun tain

splen did

mir ror

sword ^

re volv er

hos tile ^

trem ble

mo ment

sa lute

troops

driU

vie to ry

dying

risk

in de pend ence

cloak

crim son

cush ion

mer chant

com merce

auc tion

pro mote

ex change

in dus try

lo ca tion

vi cin i ty

apply

ad mis sion

charge

ad mit

pov er ty

heal

lungs

bal loon

flex i ble

dense

com po si tion

text

au thor

chap ter

mag a zine

im pa tient

he ro

cheer

rival

boast

brake

hook

hatch et

brace

a vail a ble

pat tern

sam pie

yarn

shelf

porch

eel lar

car pen ter

e lee tri cian

Homonyms break Which window did they break ? brake The brakes on this car are not strong enough.

heel I wear rubber heels on my shoes, heal I hope the wound will heal quickly.

Pronunciations : ^ (81m), only one syllable.

2 (sord)

'(hSs'tll)

Sixth Grade,	Second Half Year
	XX
100 lOf		102	103
de feat im mense		dif far ence	film
plan liq uor		civil	freight
jewel plan		male	civil
breast niece		guest	female
success decide		honor	salary
baggage defeat		liquor	funeral
cordially natural		immense	difference

104. Dictation Review I. Such a law will defeat their plan. 2. An immense amount of grain has been used in making liquor. 3. There is much difference between civil and political rights. 4. I haven't films enough to take pictures of all those freight trains.

105 ex am i na tion memory

film

which

freight

consider

governor

XXI

106 for tu nate pro f es sor

oblige

complaint

memory

command

examination

107 med i cine dis ease chorus principal success fortunate professor

108 sim i lar ef feet captain continue disease absence medicine

109. Dictation Review I. The examination showed that his memory is very good. 2. The professor is a fortunate man. 3. What medicine did he take for that disease? 4. What else has a similar effect?

123

124

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

XXII

110	111	112	113
omit	brief	ex press	sys tern
nee es sa ry	pe ri od	0 pin ion	dis gust
film	civil	brief	eyes
weigh	omit	period	liquor
effect	disease	honest	express
similar	necessary	difference	opinion
attention	independent	typewriter	cordially

114. Dictation Review I. Let us omit what is not necessary. 2. We shall be here for only a brief period. 3. I shall not express any opinion. 4. Our heating system is so poor that we are disgusted with it.

	XXIII
115	116	117	118
enter	par tic u lar	re f er ring	wheth er
11 bra ry	sug gest	pre vi ous	Ob ject
meant	enter	suggest	either
cousin	freight	immense	disease
severe	library-	continue	machine
system	salary	fortunate	previous
disgust	marriage	particular	referring

119. Dictation Review I. When you enter a library you should be quiet. 2. Have you any one in particular to suggest for the place? 3. Are you referring to a previous letter? 4. It doesn't matter whether you object or not.

5. Commerce and industry are the best mines of a nation.

— Washington.

	SIXTH GRADE,	SECOND HALF
		XXIV
120		121	122	123
au to mo bile ^	grease	ter ri ble	shield
ga rage i		gas 0 line	ac ci dent	hos pi tal
sign		brief	choose	omit
niece		straight	grea,se	usual
object		garage	awkward	nephew
introduce		similar	gasoline	terrible
whether		automobile	necessary	accident

125

124. Dictation Review I. Drive the automobile into the garage. 2. I shall fill the grease cups and put in some gasoline. 3. The wind shield was broken in a terrible accident. 4. Whom did they take to the hospital?

125. Adverbs Change the following adjectives to adverbs by adding ly ; thus, wise, wisely. Use the adverbs in sentences of your own.

brave honest severe awful prompt

free sure particular real thorough

		XXV
126	127	128	129
jour ney	lee ture	^ nal ly	de scrip tion
punc ture	jour nal	print	ar ti cle
easily	raise	, trouble	print
imagine	express	system	angel
shield	persuade	lecture	finally
language	journey	journal	believe
hospital	pimcture	companion	gymnasium
	1 Pronunciation on page i86.

126

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

130. Dictation Review I. We began our journey last Wednesday. 2. A puncture kept us waiting forty minutes. 3. I saw a notice of your lecture in the journal. 4. It was finally decided to print the story. 5. From your description I think the article will be satisfactory.

XXVI

131	132	133	134
may er	cancel	in van tion	pos ses sion
sup port	bar rel	cen tu ry	Chan nel
ache	climb	engine	instead
enter	support	serious	suggest
current	mayor	cancel	political
article	hospital	barrel	century
description	falsehood	typewriter	invention

135. Dictation Review I. The mayor needs the support of every one in the city. 2. I shall cancel your order for a barrel of sugar. 3. That invention was made in the last century. 4. If they were in possession of the channel, they could send out their ships.

XXVII

136	137	138	139
curious	cashier	un for tu nate	con f ess
advice	crazy	term	par don
forty	laugh	crazy	term
journal	advice	cashier	patience
channel	curious	whole	joiuney
opposite	puncture	lecture	treasurer
possession	invention	description	unfortunate

SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

127.

140. Dictation Review

I. I am curious to know what advice you will give. 2. The cashier may have been crazy. 3. The unfortunate man was sent to prison for a long term. 4. If he will confess, the governor may pardon him.

	XXVIII
141	142	143	144
rapid	thus	deed	or gan ize
rate	sur round	sor row	loyal
busy	rate	thus	brief
confess	rapid	defeat	madam
express	disgust	salary	deed
memory	peculiar	medicine	medal
pardon	necessary	surroimd	sorrow
accident	secretary	electric	therefore

145. Dictation Review

I. The enemy marched toward the city at a rapid rate. 2. Thus they hoped to surprise and surround it. 3. Their evil deeds caused much sorrow. 4. The loyal citizens organ- ized quickly.

146. Dictation Exercises

1. Laziness travels so slowly that Poverty soon overtakes him. — Franklin.

2. By the faults of others wise men correct their own.

3. You cannot govern others unless you can govern yourself,

4. For peace and for plenty, for freedom, for rest, For joy in the land from the East to the West,

For the dear starry flag with its red, white, and blue, We thank Thee from hearts that are tender and true.

128

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Review (Sections XX-XXVIII)

See Note to Teacher on page 83.

deed	pardon	confess	terrible
thus	cancel	journey	organize
rate	barrel	library	accident
term	object	suggest	hospital
omit	garage	express	medicine
plan	period	disgust	gasoline
film	system	freight	invention
brief	grease	disease	referring
shield	defeat	similar	necessary
cashier	liquor	curious	fortunate
rapid	memory	previous	professor
crazy	support	whether	possession
print	article	century	particular
mayor	loyal	opinion	automobile
enter	finally	channel	difference
civil	journal	immense	unfortunate
sorrow	lecture	surround	description
effect	advice	puncture XXIX	examination
147	148	149	150
tel e graph	re spect f ul ly tel e gram	tel e phone
steam er	ad vise	con quer	um brel la
cashier	crazy	advise	grease
loyal	shield	mayor	medicine
advice	steamer	sorrow	conquer
organize	journey	curious	telegram
February	telegraph	respectfully	organize

SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

129

151. Dictation Review I. Telegraph her that the steamer sails Tuesday. 2. I should respectfully advise you not to do so. 3. His last tele- gram said that he would conquer or die. 4. May I telephone for your umbrella?

XXX

152	153	154	155
tern per a ture	pre far	min er al	com mence
to bac CO	dai ry ing	mu se um	dec 0 rate
daughter	advise	cause	double
cancel	channel	freight	garage
cashier	article	prefer	island
professor	tobacco	examination	museum
telephone	whether	previous	mineral
umbrella	temperature	s dairying	gasoline

156. Dictation Review

I. The temperature there is not warm enough for growing tobacco. 2. I prefer dairying to any other business just now.

3. He has brought many valuable minerals for our museum.

4. When will they commence to decorate this room?

		XXXI
157	158		159	160
dis ap point	dye		stu pid	prod uct
jack et	spoil		tai lor	equal
cancel	coarse		dye	prefer
mineral	jacket		spoil	stupid
decorate	period		umbrella	telegram
commence	disappoint	conquer	tailor
dairying	automobile	sincerely	dictionary

130

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

161. Dictation Review I. I am disappointed in my jacket. 2. The dye has spoUed the cloth. 3. A stupid tailor cut it badly. 4. The product of two times six is equal to the product of three times four.

Homonyms

dye This dye is a light I	)lue. He is dyeiix	g the yarn.
die A	man can die but <	once. He is dying	; of hunger.
	XXXII
162	163	164	165
royal	temp ta tion	SO ci e ty	doubt
pal ace	dis 0 bey-	mu si clan	de light ed
music	royal	mayor	confess
equal	library-	medicine	pardon
century	palace	temptation	society
product	steamer	disobey	musician
possession	cordially	catalogue	familiar
referring	respectfully	unfortunate	government

166. Dictation Review

I. There will be concerts at the royal palace this winter. 2. Most men have no temptation to disobey the laws. 3. The best people in society will hear the great musician to-night. 4. No doubt they will be dehghted.

5. Some temptations come to the industrious, but all tempta- tions attack the idle. — Spurgeon.

167. Adverbs Change these adjectives to adverbs by adding ly, and use the adverbs in sentences of your own :

accurate accidental brief complete

awkward entire serious extreme

SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

131

XXXIII

170 171

im por tant reg u lar

improvement practice

liquor equal

garage piece

^^. percentage jacket

tailor penmanship important

satisfactory disappoint improvement

172. Dictation Review I. Defend yourself even if you have to use force. 2. The penmanship of a large percentage of people is poor. 3. It is important that there be an improvement in yours. 4. This can be gained by regular practice.

168 de fend force

doubt

product

delighted

barrel

gasoline

169 pen man ship per cent age

force royal defend tailor

	XXXIV
173	174	175	176
speech	gram mar	fully	pro gram
pray	es pe cial ly	grad u ate	sea son
honor	pray	daily	spoil
against	doubt	cousin	fuUy
stupid	speech	palace	cashier
practice	several	grammar	nephew
orchard	manufacture	surprise	graduate
regular	musician	especially	healthy

177. Dictation Review I. Listen carefully to this speech, I pray you.

2.

is an especially useful study. 3. should fully understand its rules, out for the season.

Grammar The graduate of a school 4. The program is made

132

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

178. Dictation Exercise If a task is once begun, Never leave it till it's done ; Be the labor great or small, Do it well, or not at all.

	XXXV
179	180	181	182
de scend	view	crawl	whis tie
route	different	curve	ap proach
force	fully	view	doubt
society	route	absence	curve
progra,m	contain	mischief	crawl
listen	descend	different	regular
season	signature	necessary	opinion

183. Dictation Review I. Let us descend the mountain by a new route. 2. We shall then have a diifferent view. 3. See the train crawUng around that curve. 4. The engine whistles as it approaches the station.

Homonyms route What is the shortest route to Chicago ? root A tree has many roots.

184. Spelling Rule Reviewed Review Spelling Rule I, page 196. To make a verb form end- ing in ed, sl verb that ends in e adds only d.

Following the rule (so far as it applies), change the followin||^ verbs to forms ending in ing and ed ; thus, explore, exploring, explored; defeat, defeating, defeated.

promise raise offer ache search

receive repeat serve wake oblige

SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

133

	XXXVI
185	186	187	188
Spread	desire	ex cite	permit
dis cour age	de stroy	vis i tor	com fort a ble
rapid	pray	desire	excite
defend	spread	destroy	shield
whistle	grammar	graduate	visitor
disobey	discourage	museum	delighted
approach	percentage	especially	permission

189. Dictation Review I. They have spread false news to discourage the people.

2. Why should anybody desire to destroy our factory?

3. Those visitors are all right, but they seem to be excited.

4. Permit me to make them comfortable.

190. Spelling Rules Reviewed Following rules II, III, IV, page 196, change these verbs to forms ending in ing and ed, and use them in written sentences :

plan control apply omit permit

reply admit refer prefer deny

	XXXVII
191	192	193	194
ce re als	de part ment	in quire	mo tion
leath er	ad ver tise ment	sep a rate	fright ened
curve	deed	crazy	view
speech	comfortable	route	crawl
permit	approach	different	inquire
whistle	cereals	department	separate
professor	leather	improvement	tobacco
brought	temptation	advertisement	describe

134

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

195. Dictation Review

I. Breakfast cereals are sold in the grocery department.

2. Here is an advertisement of chairs covered with real leather.

3. Please inquire if there are any separate covers. 4. A horse is sometimes frightened by a quick motion.

196. Dictation Exercise — Letter of Application

205 East 57th Street New York, N. Y.

November 27, 19 16 Mr. Robert Marston Yonkers, N. Y. Dear Sir:

In reply to your advertisement for an office boy in to-day's "Sun," I wish to apply for the position.

I am fifteen years of age and a graduate of PubUc School No. 65. I have also had a siunmer's experience in this kind of work and will do my best if you decide to give me a trial.

I refer you by permission to Miss Arnold, principal of Public School No. 65, and to A. E. Johnson & Co., for whom I worked last summer.

Respectfully yours,

John A. Wells

	XXXVIII
197	198	199	200
e lee tion	guilty	lib er ty	neg lect
dis grace	dis ap pear	pre cicus	wealth
whether	inquire	spread	judge
motion	suggest	guilty	grammar
telegraph	election	terrible	separate
theater	disgrace	disappear	liberty
surround	distance	comfortable	precious
irightened	particular	temperature	leather

SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

135

201. Dictation Review

I. That election was a disgrace to the city. 2. The guilty men have disappeared. 3. Liberty is more precious than life. 4. We must not neglect it for wealth.

5. The God who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time. — Jefferson.

Review (Sections XXIX-XXXVIII)

dye	permit	whistle	telegraph
jacket	speech	grammar	telegram
pray	defend	graduate	telephone
curve	view	product	delighted
prefer	stupid	inquire	important
route	visitor	society	penmanship
fully	dairying	season	disappear
crawl	tailor	steamer	disappoint
force	palace	tobacco	disobey
spoil	conquer	mineral	temptation
equal	different	decorate	especially
royal	museum	commence	discourage
doubt	musician	umbrella	frightened
guilty	regular	motion	percentage
wealth	liberty	election	department
spread	neglect	disgrace	advertisement
leather	cereals	precious	temperature
desire	program	approach	improvement
advise	destroy	practice	comfortable
excite	descend	separate	respectfully

For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Sixth Grade, Second Half Year, see pages 186-187.

136

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Supplementary Words (Sixth Grade, Second Half)

See Preface, page iii.

lawn	dec i mal	spi der	widow
mead ow	f rac tion	sponge	vie let
fer tile	stu dent	clam	vel vet
source	schol ar	lob ster	wrap
both er	pa tri ot	oys ter	shawl ■
cau tion	hello	pearl	cheat
goal	yell	greas y	de ceit ful
pil grim	roar	sand wich	li ar
badge	squeal	fowl	ac cuse
foe	echo	salm on ^	swear
value	bu reau	sal ad	mur der
pur chase	stor age	cigar	pro tect
tim ber	blot ter	cig a rette	re venge
trol ley	tab let	beer	tale
as cend	Cray on	liq uid	par a graph
Cap i tol	laun dry	cafe 3	Dem 0 crat
de serve	starch	bliz zard	Re pub lie an
for tune	khaki 1	sleigh ^	cast
den tist	sad die	in tend	elect
drug gist	bri die	ex pla na tion	stub born
band age	ex tent	mis spell	con test
in fee tious	sur ren der	neg li gence	ten nis

Words to be Distinguished capital Albany is the capital of New York.

Capitol The state Capitol is a beautiful building.

fowl, tail That fowl has a beautiful tail.

foul, tale This is a tale of foul murder and revenge.

Pronunciations : * (ka'ke) gone for a sleigh ride."

« (sSm'fin)

(kA-faO

* As in " They have

SEVENTH GRADE First Half Year

Note to the Teacher. — The plan of the book that has been followed in the earlier grades is discontinued in the seventh and eighth grades in the behef that pupils are now able to study by a more mature and independent method. All the words given in the numbered columns are new words. No review words are listed, except in the bimonthly reviews, because with pupils of this age increasing emphasis should be placed upon each pupil's keeping his own list of troublesome words for review study. These indi- vidual lists should be reviewed frequently under the direction of the teacher. Only four words are given in each column because it is beheved that not more than four new words can be mastered thoroughly by the pupils of these grades in a spelling period.

As is stated on pages xi-xii, it is strongly recommended that the teacher should first find how many words of a given large group, — in this grade, sixteen or more words, — the pupils already know. When this has been determined from a preliminary test, the words that need special study should be learned by the method described on pages vii-viii, or by any other appropriate drill device. In all testing, the teacher should first give orally a simple sentence or phrase using the word, and then repeat the required word. For example, "1 am eager to begin the game. Eager."

1	2	3	4
eager	con ceal	chauffeur!	mas cu line
cease	in crease	bar gain	f em i nine
league	trea son	in jure	in sur ance
ap peal	di am e ter	whol ly 2	regret

6. Dictation Exercise

I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.

— Nathan Hale.

^ Pronunciation on page i88. ^ As in " wholly destroyed." 137

138

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

6 ca reer ex ceed pro ceed fee ble

7

reeP screen a gree ment in deed

8

claim

con nee tion pos sess re spect

9 •

event cour age ad van tage dis sat is fied

10. Prefix dis

Notice that the word dissatisfied is a combination of dis, meaning ''not," and satisfied. Prefix dis to the following words, and use them in sentences of your own. If you are not sure of their meaning, consult your dictionary.

agreement	close appoint	respect	possess
appear	obey connect	courage	advantage
11	12	13	14
re lief	ad ver tise	ac quire	en dure
yield	de Clare	re quire	en gage
pierce	jus tice	ledge	li cense
hy gi ene	prej u dice	pledge	pro vide

15. Review the words in lessons 1-14, giving special attention to troublesome words.

16. Review of Spelling Rules

Review spelling rules I and II, page 196. Following the rules (so far as they apply), change these verbs to forms ending in ing and ed, and use them in sentences of your own :

cease	satisfy	exceed	engage	judge
endure	require	proceed	advertise	pierce
copy	provide	succeed	discourage	dine

1 The reel on a fishing rod; a reel of moving pictures.

SEVENTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

139

17	18	19	20
col 0 ny	hence	dread	occur
angle	si lence	treas ure	oc cur rence
inner	fuel	com pel	ker 0 sene
lei sure	f ul fill	expel	com mit tee

21. Review of Spelling Rules

Review spelling rules III and IV, page 196. Following the rules (so far as they apply), add ing and ed to the following verbs,. and use the new forms in sentences of your own. Why does, rule IV not apply to appeal and conceal ?

stop omit

22 ath let ics ^ gym nas tics pol i tics rep re sent

plan permit

occur expel

regret compel

appeal conceal'

23 in ter nipt e con 0 my col lege me Chan ic

24 chem ist be siege jan i tor em ploy

25 cour te sy cour tb ous in stall ment af feet

26. Words to be Distinguished

affect That cold will affect her throat. effect It will have a bad effect on her voice. This medicine will effect a cure.

27. Dictation Exercises

1. Keep your friends by fidelity, conquer your foes by kind- ness, win all by goodness and courtesy.

2. Learn economy and you start on the road to success. All fortunes have their foundations laid in thrift.

— Thrift Mottoes.

* Pronunciation on page i88; note that there are only three syllables.

140

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

On that shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep.

Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,

As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream. *Tis the star-spangled banner ! Oh, long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave !

— Francis Scott Key.

Review (Lessons 1-25)

eager	reel	acquire	occur
cease	screen	require	occurrence
league	agreement	ledge	kerosene
appeal	indeed	pledge	committee
conceal	claim	endure	athletics
increase	connection	engage	gymnastics
treason	possess	license	politics
diameter	respect	provide	represent
chauffeur	event	colony	interrupt
bargain	courage	angle	economy
injure	advantage	inner	college
wholly	dissatisfied	leisure	mechanic
masculine	relief	hence	chemist
feminine	yield	silence	besiege
insurance	pierce	fuel	janitor
regret	hygiene	fulfill	employ
career	advertise	dread	courtesy
exceed	declare	treasure	courteous
proceed	justice	compel	installment
feeble	prejudice	expel	affect

SEVENTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

141

28	29	30	31
twi light	debt or	yacht 2	scheme
flight	cred i tor	tour ing	vas e line
in no cent	mort gage ^	oc cu py-	pur sue
il lus trate ^	weap on	re quest	prin ci pie

32. Words to be Distinguished

principle The first principle of money making is money saving.

— Thrift Motto, principal The principal of our school is a woman.

Can you name the principal cities of your state?

33	34	35	36
pra cious	con sid er a tion	per son al	shrewd
de li cious	nat u ral ly	ab surd	ca pa ble
sus pi cious	gen er al ly	ven ture	re li a ble
anx ious	oc ca sion	as sist	en ter tain
	37. Adverbs

The adverb naturally is formed from the adjective natural by adding the suffix ly. In most adjectives that end in le, the e is dropped and only y is added. For example, adjective capable, adverb capably, gentle, gently. In most adjectives that end in y, the y is changed to i when ly is added. Thus, adjective hearty, adverb heartily.

Form correct adverbs from the following adjectives by adding ly, or changing le to ly, or changing y to ily ; and use the adverbs in written sentences of your own.

simple busy anxious

partial occasional personal

separate respectful necessary

feeble

suspicious

heavy

' Pronunciation on page i88.

* Pronunciation on page 189.

142 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

38		39	40	41
dis trib ute		for mal ly	colo nel ^	local
rec om mend		de spise	lieu ten ant	ty rant
dis trict		fre quent	mi li tia	va cant
rep re sent a	tive	re spon si ble	rank	berth
		42. Homonyms

birth What is the date of your birth?

berth I have bought a ticket for an upper berth on the ten o'clock train.

43. Review the words in lessons 28-42, giving special atten- tion to the troublesome words.

44	45	46	47
pri ma ry	are a	con ta gious	se ere cy
sec ond a ry	depth	ex cus a ble	op pose
am a teur ^	mod ern	de sir a ble	en ti tie
hand some ^	cus tom	mere	for mer ly

48. Words to be Distinguished

formally She was formally invited to our party, formerly Formerly he lived on our street.

49	50	51	52
suf f er	gen er ous	blun der	con ceit
ses sion	com pli ment	tact	par eel
0 mis sion	wretch	punc tu al	par al lei
dis cus sion	bare ly	Stat ue	re cov er

Pronunciation on page i88.

SEVENTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

143

53. Dictation Exercises

1. Four things belong to a judge: to hear courteously, to answer wisely, to consider soberly, and to decide impartially.

— Socrates.

2. Taxation without representation is tyranny. — James Otis.

Review (Lessons 28-52)

tmlight	consideration	colonel	secrecy
flight	naturally	lieutenant	oppose
innocent	generally	militia	entitle
illustrate	occasion	rank	formerly
debtor	personal	local	suffer
creditor	absurd	tyrant	session
mortgage	venture	vacant	omission
weapon	assist	berth	discussion
yacht	shrewd	primary	generous
touring	capable	secondary	compliment
occupy	reliable	amateur	wretch
request	entertain	handsome	barely
scheme	distribute	area	blunder
vaseline	recommend	depth	tact
pursue	district	modern	punctual
principle	representative	custom	statue
gracious	formally	contagious	conceit
delicious	despise	excusable	parcel
suspicious	frequent	desirable	parallel
anxious	responsible	mere	recover

For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Seventh Grade, First Half Year, see pages 188-189.

144

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Supplementary Words (Seventh Grade, First Half)

let tuce ^

vin e gar

gin ger

nos tril

plague

fick le

pro ce dure

truce

im pu dent

tru ant

dis hon est

meth od

trans por ta tion

a board

de lay

pro voke

a buse

dis turb

flash

ex plode

ex plo sion

frag ment

See pages iii, iv,

tri an gle

di a gram

com pass

chis el

wedge

lens

bat ter y

cell

char coal

ra di a tor

clutch

ax le

tube

tire

tri pie

en am el

main tain

main te nance

ap pli ance

as sist ance

ren der

prof it a ble

and I 67-1 71.

tar get ^ range mil i ta ry scar let mar shal ^ ma jor mi nor pro ces sion hel met knight bar ber plumb er ma son en gi neer peas ant shep herd priest preach ded i cate clev er twin kle con tin u al ly

gown

seam

o ver lap

crease

de crease

weave

warp

tan gle

har ness

rec re a tion

pool

plunge

ca noe

cap size

dis cern ^

sum mit

al ti tude

pop u lar

phrase

top ic

sin gu lar

con ver sa tion

Homonyms

seem You do not seem well to-day.

seam I have one more seam to sew in this waist.

nights The nights are long in winter. knights The knights of old wore helmets.

Pronunciations: 1 (IStTs) « (tar'ggt) 3 (dt-zfirn') < Noun or verb ; never adjective.

Seventh Grade, Second Half Year

54	55	56	57
argue	in come	tor pe do	per ish
ar gu ment	es tate	sub ma rine	right eous
court	de vel op	out rage	re solve
con vict	char ac ter	vie tim	de vote

58. Dictation Exercise

It is rather for us tc be here dedicated to the great task re- maining before us, — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion ; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain ; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom ; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth. — Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.

59	60	61	62
Sen ate	en trance	phy si cian	sci ence
sol emn	im por tance	ca tarrh	ac cu ra cy
sum mon	ac quaint ance	con sump tion	ox y gen
cab i net	rel a tive	pop u la tion	skillful

63. Suffix ful

Note how the adjective skillful is formed from the noun skill.

Form adjectives by adding ful to the following nouns and use them in written sentences of your own. If you are not sure of the exact meaning, consult your dictionary.

tact	play	fear	peace	disgrace
•dread	health	power 145	success	respect

146 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

64 66 66 67

ev i dence ma te ri al prog ress scene

ref er ence prop er ty op por tu ni ty a vi a tor

cir cum f er ence ter ri to ry mod est plane

in tel li gence sub urb style a er o plane

68. Homonyms

scene Did you visit the scene of the wreck ? seen I have not seen him for a long while.

plain Your duty is very plain.

The plains of the West are a rich farming section, plane The carpenter said he was using a plane.

69. Review the words in lessons 54-68, giving special at- tention to troublesome words.

70 71 72 73

missionary limit altogether squad

mis chie vous pro vi sion ac cord ing ban quet

va ri ous ped dler sup press pre cede

su per in tend ent op po nent pub li ca tion twen ti eth

74. Words to be Distinguished

proceed You may proceed with your story. precede He should precede me into the dining room.

75	76	77 • 78
em pire	more 0 ver	bal ance sole ^
cir cuit	mold	per mis si ble heir 2
energy	neu tral	as sas sin ca ble
coil	chal lenge	re strain sta tion a ry ^

1 The sole of a shoe; one's sole aim. 2 -phe heir to an estate; pronunriation on page 190. ' A stationary population ; a stationary cable.

SEVENTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

147

79. Dictation Exercises

1. Habit is a cable. We weave a thread of it every day and at last we cannot break it. — Horace Mann.

2. A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches, and loving favor than silver and gold. — Proverb.

3. A great nation is made only by worthy citizens. — Warner.

Review (Lessons 54-78)

	See Note to '	Teacher, page 83.
argue	entrance	progress	squad
argument	importance	opportunity	banquet
court	acquaintance	modest	precede
convict	relative	style	twentieth
income	physician	scene	empire
estate	catarrh	aviator	circuit
develop	consumption	plane	energy
character	population	aeroplane	coil
torpedo	science	missionary	moreover
submarine	accuracy-	mischievous	mold
outrage	oxygen	various	neutral
victim	skillful	superintendent	challenge
perish	evidence	limit	balance
righteous	reference	provision	permissible
resolve	circumference	peddler	assassin
devote	intelligence	opponent	restrain
Senate	material	altogether	sole
solemn	property	according	heir
summon	territory	suppress	cable
cabinet	suburb	publication	stationary

148

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

80	81	82	83
ex hi bi tion	ac tion	e lab 0 rate	ar ti fi cial
as so ci a tion	am bi tion	cer e mo ny	clum sy
com bi na tion	cal en dar	im ag i na ry	com mit
ex cep tion	re pair	con f er	ex ist ence
84. Dictation Exercise — Formal N	OTE

Miss May Jones requests the pleasure of Miss Helen Hart's company at a birthday party on Monday, February twenty- ninth, from eight to eleven o'clock.

97 Main Avenue

February seventeenth

86 pho to graph pho no graph sta tion er y cor re spond ence

86 grum ble poul try es ti mate mat i nee ^

87 de spair de cent cap ture im i tate

88 en ve lope in spect ex tract hor i zon tal

89. Words to be Distinguished

stationary All kinds of stationary engines are made here. stationery I wrote the letter on my best stationery.

90 in i tial an nu al mu tu al

91 mus tache ^ com pound in sect

92 def i nite de gree fu ri ous

93 ob jec tion hu man ill ness

con tract mis er y

mys te ri ous in di gest i ble

94. Review the words in lessons 80-93, giving special attention to troublesome words.

Pronunciation on page 191.

SEVENTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

149

95 qual i ty quan ti ty af fair di rec tor

96

ac com mo date in close ben e fi cial dif fi cul ty

97

in stru ment cem e ter y in elude ma chin er y

98 haste soul

nerv ous ob sta cle

99. Homonyms

sole He was the sole heir of his uncle.

soul Breathes there the man with soul so dead, Who never to himself hath said. This is my own, my native land ! — Scott.

100. Dictation Exercise — Note of Acceptance

Miss Helen Hart accepts with pleasure Miss May Jones's' kind invitation to her birthday party on Monday, February twenty-ninth, from eight to eleven o'clock.

54 Lincoln Street

February nineteenth

101	102		103	104
de bate	re sign		switch	rumor
trai tor	sa cred		at tach	sur face
a rouse	di vine		fatal	whole some
com mu ni ty	grad u al	ly	vis i ble	priv i lege

105. Dictation Exercises

I. To such a task we can dedicate our lives and our fortunes, everything that we are and everything that we have, with the pride of those who know that the day has come when America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace which she has treasured. God helping her, she can do no other. — Wilson.

150

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

2. He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat ; He is sifting out the hearts of men before his judgment seat ; Oh ! be swift, my soul, to answer him ! be jubilant, my feet ! Our God is marching on.

— Juha Ward Howe.

Review (Lessons 80-104)

exhibition	grumble	definite	haste
association	poultry	degree	soul
combination	estimate	furious	nervous
exception	matinee	mysterious	obstacle
action	despair	objection	debate
ambition	decent	human	traitor
calendar	capture	illness	arouse
repair	imitate	indigestible	community
elaborate	envelope	quality	resign
ceremony	inspect	quantity-	sacred
imaginary	extract	affair	divine
confer	horizontal	director	gradually
artificial	initial	accommodate	switch
clumsy	annual	inclose	attach
commit ,	^ mutual	beneficial	fatal
existence	contract	difficulty	visible
photograph	mustache	instrument	rumor
phonograph	compound cemetery-	surface
stationery	insect	include	wholesome
correspondence	misery	machinery	privilege

For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Seventh Grade, Second Half Year, see pages igo-igi.

SEVENTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

151

Supplementary Words	(Seventh Grade	J, Second Half)
	See pages iii, iv, and 167-171.
heir ess ^	pi 0 neer	sir up ^	skel e ton
ac tress	prai rie	CO CO nut	brains
ges ture	fron tier	eel er y	nerve
scowl	herb 2	in f ant	mus cle
im port	bough	or phan	ex haust
ex port	am bush	crip pie	pedal*
whole sale	can non	dwarf	launch
re tail	repel	mos qui to	isth mus ^
pub lish	pac i fy	curse	vol ca no
fie tion	fiend	filthy	cy clone
prose	borne	rogue	hur ri cane
poetry	grieve	mis led ^	ceil ing
opera	bos om	im pose	gal ler y
vi 0 lin	grave	reck on	ap plause
re hears al	mon u ment	wa ges	groan ^
toi let	an tique	tem per ance	mur mur
veil	seal	reign	rack et
razor	ce ment	nom i nate	syl la ble
scis sors	solve	grant	pro nounce
paste board	zero	wor ship	pro nun ci a tion
mu ci lage	prov erb	civ i lized	op er a tion
var nish	rec ol lect	de vel op ment	ir ri ga tion

bow bough

rain reign

Homonyms He made a low bow when the king entered. One bough of that tree is broken.

It is likely to rain to-night.

The trouble began during the reign of King George.

Pronunciations: 1 (fir'Sa) « (Qrb) » (sYr'iip) bicycle. '' A groan of pain or of disapproval.

4 (mYs-lSd') s (Yfi'mfiB) 6 pedal of a

EIGHTH GRADE First Half Year

See Note to Teacher, page 137.

1	2	3	4
ad vis a ble	suit a ble	dis ci pline	au di ence
re spect a ble	lov a ble	au thor i ty	0 be di ence
nav i ga ble	or ches tra	ere ate	res i dence
liable	pro pose	cruise ^	can vass

5. Homonyms

canvas The sails of a ship are made of canvas, canvass The mayor made a careful canvass of the city.

6. Dictation Exercises

1. Every man should learn to give easy, prompt, cheerful obedience to rightful authority. — Washington Gladden.

2. Saving creates independence. — Thrift Motto.

7 8 9 10

emergency reservoir 2 specimen victuals 2

genuine treasury repetition welfare

con demn fin an cier dis guise con ceive

title financial annoy premium

11. Spelling Rule Reviewed

Review spelling rule I, page 196. Following the rule (so far as it applies), add ing to these verbs and use the new forms in written sentences of your own :

propose inclose conceive condemn make

write come disguise cruise create

1 The cruiF.c made by a ship. * Pronunciation on page 193.

152

EIGHTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

153

12 no tice a ble peace a ble change a ble mile age

13 14

a bil i ty im mi grant

prac ti cal em i grant

ju ry se cure

of fi cial con ven ient

16

wit ness ap par ent ly 0 rig i nal ly el 0 quent

16. Review the words in lessons 1-15, giving special atten- tion to the troublesome words.

17. Adverbs Review lesson 37, page 141. Form adverbs from the follow- ing adjectives and use them in written sentences of your own.

mere eloquent convenient genuine financial

hasty idle immediate punctual incidental

easy secure suitable respectable peaceable

18 venge ance ser geant ^ reg i ment spir it

19 a chieve re lieve va ri e ty rob ber y

20 con science con sci en tious trans f er ac com pa nied

21 in ter fere gen ius pre vent pause 2

22. Spelling Rules Reviewed Review the spelling rules, page 196. Change the following verbs to forms ending in ing and ed, and use them in written sentences of your own. Why does rule II not apply to obey and annoy ? Why does rule IV not apply to repair ? Why not to worship, travel, and suffer?

achieve	transfer	interfere	rob	worship
relieve	confer	pacify	obey	travel
repair	accompany	commit	annoy	suffer

Pronunciation on page 193.

* A pause in the proceedings.

154

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

23	24	25	26
re al ize	sym pa thize	ghost	at tor ney ^
rec og nize	pul ver ize	non sense	ex ec u tive
em pha size	be hav ior	ne ces si ty	in suit
crit i cize	rep u ta tion	e vap 0 rate	fiery

Review (Lessons 1-26)

See Note to Teacher, page 83.

advisable	reservoir	immigrant	interfere
respectable	treasury	emigrant	genius
navigable	financier	secure	prevent
liable	financial	convenient	pause
suitable	specimen	witness	realize
lovable	repetition	apparently	recognize
orchestra	disguise	originally	emphasize
propose	annoy	eloquent	criticize
discipline	victuals	vengeance	sympathize
authority	welfare	sergeant	pulverize
create	conceive	regiment	behavior
cruise	premium	spirit	reputation
audience	noticeable	achieve	ghost
obedience	peaceable	relieve	nonsense
residence	changeable	variety	necessity
canvass	mileage	robbery	evaporate
emergency	ability	conscience	attorney
genuine	practical	conscientious	executive
condemn	jury	transfer	insult
title	official	accompanied	fiery
	1 Pronunciation on page 192.

EIGHTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 155

27	28.	29	30
rev e nue	es teem	guard i an	an cient
issue	re deem	in va lid	cen sus
coun cil	glimpse	in sane	ratio
ob tain	a broad	an nounce	re proof

31. Principal Parts of the Verb

The principal parts of a verb are the three forms from which the other parts of that verb may be formed. For example, the principal parts of the verb write are present tense write ^ "I write often to my mother," past tense, or preterit wrote, "I wrote a letter yesterday," and past participle written^ "I have written a long letter."

The principal parts of many of the most familiar verbs are formed irregularly, so that they must be learned by heart. Memorize the principal parts of the following verbs, and write sentences of your own using each of the forms.

Presekt Tense	Past Tense, or Preterit	Past Participi.e
am	was	been
do	did	done
eat	ate	eaten
go	went	gone
see	saw	seen

The principal parts of a verb may be found in the dictionary. For example, the verb draw appears in the dictionary thus :

draw, V. /. ; pret. drew; p. p. drawn; p. pr. &• vb. n. drawing. The principal parts are draw, drew, drawn.

With the help of your teacher find the principal parts of the following verbs and memorize them.

drink drive know ride ring wear

fly break steal grow give tear

156

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

32 bois ter ous ri die u lous scan dal ous de sir ous

33

e lim i nate pre lim i na ry con se quence ac cus tomed

34

des sert block ade or di na ri ly a lu mi num

35

im mor al im mor tal Christ re li gion

36. Words to be Distinguished

desert A railroad was built across the desert.

desert The captain would not desert his ship.

dessert We had ice cream for dessert.

37	38	39	40
nui sance ^	bal lot	pro f es sion	lat ter
a bun dance	suf f rage	quar an tine	di plo ma
ig no ranee	in tel li gent	ef fi cient	diet
at tend ance	leg is la ture	or gan i za tion	rec i pe

41. Words to be Distinguished

later I arrived later than you,

latter Of the two books you have mentioned, I prefer the latter.

42. Dictation Exercise

Five great professions have hitherto existed in every civilized nation. The soldier's profession is to defend it; the pastor's to teach it; the physician's to keep it in health; the lawyer's to enforce justice in it. And the duty of all these men is, on due occasion, to die for it. — Ruskin.

43. Review lessons 27-42, giving special attention to the troublesome words.

Pronunciation on page 193.

EIGHTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

157

44 de fence of f ense cam paign

45

glo ri ous in gen ious te di ous

46 re li gious Prot es tant Cath 0 lie

can di date de lir i ous He brew

47

quar tet du et solo choir 1

48. Review of Troublesome Words Notice which of the following words have only one / : already always alone also almighty

although	almost all	altogether	all right
49	50	51	52
ap pear ance	mu nic i pal	glis ten	sel dom
ut ter ance	in dorse	oath	in flu ence
al li ance	avoid	dis as ter	au toe ra cy
al le giance	pro duce	odor	de moc ra cy

53. Principal Parts of the Verb

The principal parts of a regular verb are formed by adding d or ed, and the second and third forms are alike. For example, / produce, I produced, I have prodticed. In adding d or ed the rules of spelling (page 196) should be observed. Write the principal parts of the following verbs, consulting your dictionary if necessary.

indorse	trouble	try	study	recognize
avoid	refer	stop	control	separate
ballot	ghsten	play	attach	criticize
miss	guess	stay	pass	allow
	1	Pronunciation on	page 192.

158

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

54. Dictation Exercises

1 . The love of my country will be the ruling influence of my conduct. — Washington.

2. He that is good at making excuses is seldom good at any- thing else. — Franklin.

3. The world must be made safe for democracy. — Wilson.

Review (Lessons 27-52)

revenue	eliminate	profession	quartet
issue	preliminary	quarantine	duet
council	consequence	efficient	solo
obtain	accustomed	organization	choir
esteem	dessert	latter	appearance
redeem	blockade	diploma	utterance
glimpse	ordinarily	diet	alliance
abroad	aluminum	recipe	allegiance
guardian	immoral	defense	municipal
invalid	immortal	offense	indorse
insane	Christ	campaign	avoid
announce	religion	candidate	produce
ancient	nuisance	glorious	glisten
census	abundance	ingenious	oath
ratio	Ignorance	tedious	disaster
reproof	attendance	delirious	odor
boisterous	ballot	religious	seldom
ridiculous	suffrage	Protestant	influence
scandalous	intelligent	Catholic	autocracy
desirous	legislature	Hebrew	democracy
For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Eighth	Grade, First Half
Year, see pages 192-193.

EIGHTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

159

Supplementary Words	(Eighth Grade,	First Half)
	See pages	ii, iv, and 167-171.
dis in feet	OS trich	trou sers	re prove
bac te ri a	par rot	flan nel	cen sure
naph tha ^	pea cock	mus lin	in tol er ant
ben zine ^	leop ard	ging ham	king dom
cam phor	prey	par a sol	col lapse
sul phur	shrub	pet ti coat	mod er ate
so pra no	f 0 li age	em broid er y	pen sion
alto	wil der ness	re sort	pro cure
ten or	gran ite	gos sip	min i a ture
bass	ridge	war rior	por trait
tri 0	pla teau	bat tal ion	idol
mac a ro ni	drain age	ad vance	cul ture
sar dines	vapor	slaugh ter	crea ture
sau sage	haze	shriek	casket
al monds ^	ho ri zon	shrink	coffin
spin ach ^	tariff	am bu lance	tomb
ker nel ^	whis ky	sur geon	el e men ta ry
mo las ses	whirl	vac ci nat ed	ex per i ment
di ges tion	gut ter	ac cent	ab so lute
pyr a mid	pau per	hy phen	stand ard
pre serve	a sy lum	as so ci ate	ver i fy
pre sume	con ven ience	CO op er a tion	math e mat ics
	Words to be Distinguished
idle Many men in that factory are idle.
idol The captain	was the idol of his soldiers.
pray He went to church to pray.
prey The leoparc	crawled toward its prey.
Pronunciations: ^ {n&t'thd) » (bSn'	ztn) s(a'miindz) Msptn'Sj) » As in " a kernel
of rice. "

Eighth Grade, Second Half Year

55 56 57 58

e quiv a lent a nal y sis es sen tial mil lion aire

al lies ^ pa ral y sis ap pa ra tus ^ neigh bor hood

confederate afford hereafter fatigue^

am mu ni tion chron ic a muse ment nour ish ment

59. Dictation Exercise — Business Letter

423 Jefferson Street

Pittsburgh, Pa.

Feb. I, 1919 Washington Book Company

220 Washington Square, New York, N. Y. Gentlemen :

Inclosed please find a check for one dollar forty-four cents ($1.44), for which please send me two copies of Dickens's " Child's History of England."

Yours truly,

Lillian Smith

60 61 62 63

ty phoid tu ber cu lo sis min is ter lit er a ture

pneu mo ni a in flam ma tion f ea ture lab 0 ra to ry

diph the ri a} af fee tion a pol 0 gy jew el ry

rheumatism anatomy irritate guarantee

64. Dictation Exercise

Do to-day's duty; fight to-day's temptation; and do not weaken and distract yourself by looking forward to things which you cannot see. — Kings] ey.

^ Pronunciation on page 194. 160

EIGHTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 161

65	66	67	68
cou ra geous	an a lyze	trifle	sta tis tics
mis eel la ne ous	proph e sy ^	pres sure	san i ta ry
hid e ous	sher iff	coun sel	re cep tion
treach er ous	at tend ant	u nique ^	mil li ner

69. Words to be Distinguished council A war council was held at Washington, counsel My father gave me good counsel.

My counsel advises me to bring suit.

70. Review lessons 55-68, giving special attention to the troublesome words.

71	72	73	74
coun ter f eit	in ves ti gate	av er age	ap par el
for f eit	re due tion	du ra ble	or na men tal
des ti na tion	con sti tu tion	bach e lor	in stinct
ap pli ca tion	in sti tu tion	an arch ist	col lee tion

75. Dictation Exercise In order that a government may be durable, it must contain a principle that is true, that is divine, that is best adapted to the welfare of the many. Without this the constitution is a dead letter. It is nothing more than a collection of laws.

— Alphonse de Lamartine.

76 77 78 79

sensitive suggestion 2 cylinder collision

u ni ver si ty ven ti la tion car bu ret or con vert

tes ti mo ny def i ni tion crys tal im pul sive

sac ri fice par ti tion phys i cal trans par ent

I Verb only. ^ Pronunciation on page 195.

162

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

80. Dictation Exercise

The tumult and the shouting dies ;

The captains and the kings depart ; Still stands thine ancient sacrifice,

An humble and a contrite heart. Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet. Lest we forget — lest we forget ! — Kipling.

Review (Lessons 55-79)

See Note to Teacher, page 83.

equivalent	tuberculosis	trifle	apparel
allies	inflammation	pressure	ornamental
confederate	affection	counsel	instinct
ammunition	anatomy	unique	collection
analysis	minister	statistics	sensitive
paralysis	feature	sanitary	university
afford	apology	reception	testimony
chronic	irritate	milliner	sacrifice
essential	literature	counterfeit	suggestion
apparatus	laboratory	forfeit	ventilation
hereafter	jewelry	destination	definition
amusement	guarantee	application	partition
millionaire	courageous	investigate	cylinder
neighborhood miscellaneous	reduction	carburetor
fatigue	hideous	constitution	crystal
nourishment	treacherous	institution	physical
typhoid	analyze	average	collision
pneumonia	prophesy	durable	convert
diphtheria	sheriff	bachelor	impulsive
rheumatism	attendant	anarchist	transparent

EIGHTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 163

81	82	83	84
con cise	pneu mat ic	quaint	rev 0 lu tion a ry
pre cise	at mos phere	rid i cule	per pen die u lar
ir reg u lar	ob ser va tion	com i cal	tech ni cal
sov er eign	ex pe di tion	ras cal	sub Stan tial

85. Dictation Exercise — Letter of Application

240 Johnson Street

Salem, Oregon

Aug. I, 191 7 The Liberty Trust Company- Second Avenue

Seattle, Washington

Gentlemen :

I have just learned through a friend in Seattle that you are looking for a girl to assist in the Savings Department, and I should like to be considered as an applicant for the position.

I was graduated in June from the High School of Salem, and can refer you to the Principal, Mr. Henry S. Jones, for my general standing during the four years I spent there.

Miss Grace Thompson, teacher of mathematics and elementary bookkeeping, has kindly promised to write fully in regard to my work in her department.

If you wish to see me personally, I shall be glad to call at the bank at any time convenient to you.

Yours very truly

Alice E. Pierce

86	87	88	89
con f er ence	alien	syn di cate	div i dend
con sen sus	f u gi tive	com mer cial	pros pect
rem e dy	cor rupt	suf fi cient	sym pa thy
en ter prise	gar ri son	pro fane	ten ant

164

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

90	91	92	93
ac knowl edge	ob sti nate	de test	SOU ve nir^
ap pre ci ate	ex trav a gant	dis play	em pha sis
rem nant	devil	per form	sur vey
pen nant	ther mom e ter	re viv al	pur suit

94. Dictation Exercise

We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.

— Declaration of Independence.

96

f es ti val bound a ry at ti tude ar riv al

96 germ

in flu en za asth ma ^ neu ral gi a

97 des per ate aux il ia ry move ment ap pe tite

98 com plex ion com mis sion em bar rass proph e cy

99. Words to be Distinguished

prophesy What kind of weather does he prophesy for to-morrow ? prophecy I do not know whether to believe his prophecies.

100	101	102	103
feast	pat ent	ex traor di na ry ^	valor
in dulge	vi 0 lent	in con ven ience	en deav or
se ries ^	bu mor ous	dis tin guisb	pu ri ty
strat e gy	u ni form	cir cum stanc es	sin cer i ty

' Pronunciation on page 195.

2 Pronunciation on page 194.

EIGHTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

165

104. Our Flag

"White is for purity, red for valor, blue for justice; and all together — bunting, stripes, stars, and colors, blazing in the sky — make the flag of our country, to be cherished by all our hearts, to be upheld by all our hands." — Charles Sumner.

Review (Lessons 81-103)

concise	alien	detest	complexion
precise	fugitive	display	commission
irregular	corrupt	perform ,	embarrass
sovereign	garrison	revival	prophecy
pneumatic	syndicate	souvenir	feast
atmosphere	commercial	emphasis	indulge
observation	sufficient	survey	series
expedition	profane	pursuit	strategy
quaint	dividend	festival	patent
ridicule	prospect	boundary	violent
comical	sympathy	attitude	humorous
rascal	tenant	arrival	uniform
revolutionary acknowledge	germ	extraordinary
perpendicular appreciate	influenza	inconvenience
technical	remnant	asthma	distinguish
substantial	pennant	neuralgia	circumstances
conference	obstinate	desperate	valor
consensus	extravagant	auxiliary	endeavor
remedy-	devil	movement	purity
enterprise	thermometer	appetite	sincerity

Foi a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Eighth Grade, Second Half Year, see pages 194-195.

166

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Supplementary Words (Eighth Grade, Second Half)

	See pages iii, iv, and	167-171.
psalm ^	phys i ol o gy	site	proph et
hymn	psy chol 0 gy	lease	dis ci pie
bur i al	prev a lence	award	con scious
de ceased ^	di ag no sis	as ses sor	cat e chism
corpse	pre scribe	plea	vague
corps 3	qui nine ^	ju di cial	vil lain ^^
cor po ral	chlo ro form	al lege	gam ble
cor po ra tion	es sence	im pris on	car tridge
acid	glyc er in	es say	mas sa ere
bleach	re frig er a tor	quo ta tion	bev er age
ex ter nal	as par a gus	sar cas tic	gui tar
eel lu loid	trans plant	car toon	gay e ty
tel e scope	drought	cam er a	bru nette
mi cro scope	con ser va tion	a pol 0 gize	fas ci nate
syr inge	ab bre vi a tion	pres tige ^	pam phlet
ab scess	in au gu ra tion	ma neu ver	for mu la
ma la ri a	per form ance	ex ert	al ma nac
chol er a	com mence ment	wres tie	e clipse
ap 0 plex y '	par lia ment ^	wrench	phase
bron chi tis ^	in i ti ate	wring	e qua tor
ton sil li tis ^	in i ti a tive	fau cet	ra di us
ap pen di ci tis ^	ref er en dum	i ci cle	spi ral

Homonyms sight The river is in plain sight from here. site He selected a beautiful site for his house.

ring The church bell is ringing.

wring Why are the people wringing their hands ?

Pronunciations : •(S-pSn-dT-si'tTs)

i(8am) »(de-8e8tO J (kor) MbrSij-kl'tYs) ^ (tSn-sI-li'tIs)

'(kwi'niu) « (pSr'lI-mgnt) » (prgs-tezh') lo(vntu)

SEVENTH AND EIGHTH GRADES

167

Household Words

(Supplementing the household words on pages 2-166; see Preface, page iv.)

ve ran da	broil	pro te id	pum ice
lat tice	braised	glu ten	bo rax
stair way	sir loin	car bo hy drate	al ka li
bal us ter	ten der loin	sol u ble	am mo ni a
chan de Her ^	pars ley	crys tal lize	cal ci mine
pan try	can ta loupe	ox i dize	an i line
bed room	a pri cots	ster i lize	fab ric
bath room	tap i 0 ca	Pas teur ize	ere tonne
mat tress	mar ma lade	vac u um	sat in
chif fo nier ^	gran u lat ed	fer men ta tion	sa teen
gimp	gel a tin	con va les cent	cam brie
thim ble	va nil la	dis in feet ant	cal i CO
trea die	cin na mon	fu mi gate	den im
cut ler y	cloves	do mes tic	per cale
u ten sils	men u ^	budg et	dim i ty
skil let	pto ma ine ^	in vest ment	blouse
grid die	gar bage	ex pend i ture	un der wear
col an der	ba cil li	sun dries	che mise
sieve	Sep tic	in ci den tals	baste
yeast	an ti sep tic	def i cit	ruch ing ^
dough	poul tice	in ven to ry	seal lops
yolk	e met ic	as sets	bi as
muf fins	nau se a ^	H a bil i ties	eye let
gruel	di e tet ics	clean li ness	cro chet
cur die	cal 0 rie	cleans er	skein

Prontmdations: 1 (shSn-d^-ler') 2 (ahYf-o-ner') ^ (mSn'u)

» (n8'8hS-d) « (roosh'tng)

(to'mt-Tn)

168

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

	Urban Words
(Supplementing the urban words	I on pages 2-166; see Preface, page iv.)
a la carte ^	re al ty	as phalt ^	bank rupt cy
table d'hote	2 tres tie	curb	com mod i ty
caf e te ri a	stee pie	front age	ap pro pri a tion
del i ca tes sen ca the dral	or di nance	de pre ci a tion
lobby	tour ist	al der man	lit i ga tion
reg is ter	tax i cab	pre cinct	ac count ant
por ter	li mou sine ^	in spec tor	ex pend i ture
tran sient	jit ney	as sem bly	in ci den tals
sa loon	om ni bus	fed er a tion	in vest ment
slums	sub way	ju di ci a ry	es tab lish ment
char i ty	mo tor man	ver diet	mer chan disc
clinic	trans it	par ti san	mer can tile ^
san a to ri um	L traf fie	in ven to ry	ware house
di rec to ry	in ter ur ban	as sets	met ro pol i tan
bul le tin	vi a duct	li a bil i ties	head quar ters
shop ping	lo CO mo tive	bro ker age	dis trib u tor
flo rist 3	f er ry	col lat er al	com pet i tor
jew el er	nav i ga tion	cou pon	ex port er
phar ma cy	mar i ner	se cu ri ty	im port er
bal CO ny	dock	mo nop 0 ly	job ber
usher	wharf	fran chise	pe ri od i cal
vaude ville *	sewer	cur ren cy	ste nog ra phy
a part ment	alley	de pos it	lin 0 type
ten e ment	hy drant	def i cit	fra ter ni ty
fire proof	bou le vard	in sol vent	spec ta cle
Pronunciations: i(ilftk-artO « (ti'bl' dBt') » (flyrfst) < (vod'vTl)
	» (le-moo-zenO	< (Ss'fSlt)	^ (mfirnsSn-tri)

SEVENTH AND EIGHTH GRADES

169

	Rural	Words
(Supplementing the rural words on pages 2-166; see	Preface, page iv.)
ag ri cul tur al	reap er	scythe	squash
bul le tin	mow er	au ger	pump kin ^
chem i cal	thrash er	cross cut	rhu barb
pest	shell er	crow bar	cau li flow er
blight	test er	vise	cu cum ber
scale	strain er	pli ers	vines
worms	spray er	trow el	grape vine
spray	scrap er	spade	vine yard
e mul sion	roll er	trough	cit rous
form al de hyde bug gy	sed i ment	grove
Bor deaux ^	sur rey	tack le	plum
phos phate	sulky	sock et	rose bush es
ni trate	shafts	lad der	eu ca lyp tus
phos phor us	sin gle tree	cal dron	cac tus
lime	dou ble tree	ladle	ban tam
plas ter	whif fle tree	al f al fa	leg horn
lye	hal ter	clo ver	Plymouth rock
pot ash	hames	tim 0 thy	roost er
wheel bar row	plow	fod der	coop
a er a tor	plow share	for age	Per che ron
sep a ra tor	fur row	en si lage	curry
trac tor	har row	si lo	hoof
cul ti va tor	disk	buck wheat	ox en
in cu ba tor	grind stone	mil let	heif er
brood er	whet stone	melon	ra tions
	Pronunciations: » (.b8r-d50 « (pfimp'kTn)

170

ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

	Rural Words	{Continued)
Stan chion ^	gran a ry ^	go phers	tract
man ger	crate	home stead	patch
Ayr shire *	car ton	grange	ma nure
Jer sey	cheese cloth	grow er	f er ti Uz er
Guern sey '	cul ti vate	0 ver alls	de com pose
Hoi stein *	ir ri gate	win now	in feet ed
milch	prun ing	wind row	loam
test	hew	shock	grav el
cream er y	graft	stack	mois ture
can ner y	sprout	hoist	rain fall

Industrial Words

(Supplementing	the industrial word	s on pages 2-166; see	Preface, page iv.)
am pere ^	a cet y lene	trow el	cut ler y
volt age	cal ci um	scoop	adz
mag net	graph ite	an vil	au ger
mag net ic	as bes tos	bel lows	gim let 8
mag ne to	bronze	forge	gouge
dy na mo	em er y	tongs	pul ley
gen er a tor	a mal gam	pli ers	belt ing
trans form er	sol der ^	vise	gear
in can des cent	pig ment	crow bar	lathe
phys ics	lime stone	lever	valve
chem is try	plas ter	sledge	mech a nism
chem i cal	mor tar	mal let	ve hi cle
phos phor us	ma son ry	whet stone	lo CO mo tive

Pronunciations: 1 (stSn'shSn) 2 (fir'sher) ' (gflrn'zt)

• (gr5n'a-rT) « (Sm-pfirO ^ (tSd'er) » (gtmlgt)

(hol'stin)

SEVENTH AND EIGHTH GRADES

171

Industrial Words {Continued)

pis ton	em ploy ee	e CO nom ic	lig nite
throt tie	ma chin ist	re sourc es	pe tro le um
noz zle	steam fit ter	in dus tri al	smelt er
va por ize	wheel wright	ef fi cien cy	cru ci ble
fend er	ac count ing	u til i ty	cast ings
ful crum ^	au dit ing	ve loc i ty	re tort
piv ot	en gi neer ing	ca pac i ty	tem per ing
groove	man age ment	per cap i ta	shel lac
mor tise	em ploy ment	bo nus	siz ing
tur ret	vo ca tion	trans it	coop er age
dredge	oc cu pa tion	tun nel	calk ing
si phon	in spec tion	scaf fold	riv et ing
con dens er	pro mo tion	safe ty	cord age
me ter	pro por tion	proj ect	prism
in ven tor	ag gre gate	sched ule	sphere
ar chi tect ^	com pe ti tion	shift	sten cil
man ag er	com pu ta tion	frag ile	mul ti plex
sales man	CO or di na tion	tex tile	cor ru gat ed
fore man	lin e ar	fab ric	au to mat ic
crafts man	di men sion	shod dy	hy drau lie
ar ti san	per im e ter	0 ver alls	buoy ant ^
crew	di ag 0 nal	mer chan dise	man u al
ap pren tice	sci en tif ic	an thra cite	sea son al
ap pli cant	pre ci sion	bi tu mi nous	struc tur al
Pronunciations: i (ful'krwm)	J (ar'kl-tgkt) « (boi'Snt)

REVIEW LISTS

For reference only ; see page xi.

Words	Taught in	the Second Grade, First Half Year
after	cold	glad	lost	road
all	come	glass	made	room
apple	cow	God	may	round
away	cup	gold	milk	same
back	dark	gone	more	sand
bag	deep	good	mother	saw
ball	did	gun	mouth	says*
bear	dig	had	must	sing
bed	doll	hand	new	snow
best	dress	has	night	some*
big	dry	his	nut	this
bird	eat	hold	old	three
blue*	eyes	house	one	told
book	face	into	open	took
box	faU	king	our	try
bring	father	large	play	two*
brother	feet	last	poor	want
caU	fill	let	queen	water
came	fish	like	read	way
cap	from	little	red	went
car	game	lives ^	right	with
class	girl	look	ring	your
clean	give

* Words mariced with an asterisk on this page and the following pages are the so-called Demons mentioned in the Preface, page v. i Verb

172

	SECOND GRADE	173
Words Taught in the	Second Grade	, Second Half Year
about	flag	jump	paper	sun
arm	floor	keep	pig	take
ask	fly	late	push	teU
baby	foot	lay	put	ten
bad	for	led	rain	that
began	found	left	ride	them
begin	four	leg	said*	then
burns	fun	long	say	there*
catch	get	love	seven	they*
cut	goes	make	show	time
day	going	making*	shut	to-day
dear*	hard	men	sick	tree
dish	hat	mine	sister	walk
does*	have	miss	sit	was
door	having*	most	six	wash
down	head	much*	so	well
ears	help	name	soft	wet
eight	here*	never	song^	white
feed	hit>	nine	stand	why
fell	home	noon	stay	will
find	hot	not	step	wind
fire	how	now	stood	window
first	if	out	stop	yard
five	its	over	street	yes

174

REFERENCE LISTS

Words	Taught in	the Third	Grade, First Half Year
above	clear	food	once*	soon
across	coal	forget	only	speak
act	coat	free	other	start
again* ^	coming*	Friday	part	summer
air	cook	front	party	Sunday
alone	com	full	please	table
along	cost	garden	quart	think
another	cough*	grade	quick	those
any*	dance	grass	race	Thursday
aunt	date	gray	read* ^	top
bare	dead	green	sale	trip
basket	desk	happy	Saturday	Tuesday* 3
because	died	heard*	school	turkey
before	dirt	high	second	uncle
beg	dollar	hill	sell	use
behind	drink	hole	send	wall
board	drop	hope	sent	warm
both	early*	ice	shoes*	Wednesday**
bought	east	kind	short	were
built*	easy*	lady	sight	west
butter	fair	lesson	. skate	what
buy*	farm	letter	sky	when
can't*	feel	low	sleep	which*
card	felt	market	small	win
chair	few	meat	smile	winter
change	finish	Monday	smoke	write*
child	flower	moon	soap	yesterday
church	* Note on pagi	5 172. Pronunciations (key on page 176): ^ (d-gSn')

		THIRD GRADE	17
Words	Taught in	the Third Grade, Second Half Year
ago	done*	hurt	oak	spend
almost	dozen	inside	often*	spring
always*	each	just*	outside	star
anything	egg	kill	own	still
anyway	empty	knee	page	stone
around	evening	know*	paid	store
ate	ever	laid*	pail	struck
autumn	every*	lead 2	pass	study
band	fail	leave	pen	sweet
been*	fare	Hght	pencil	swim
beside	fight	line	place	talk
better	fine	loud	pound	teacher
black	flour	mail	rang	thank
block	fond	many*	rest	these
boat	fruit	matter	roses	through*
body	good-by	meet	seat	to-night*
brave	great	might	seed	under
bread	grew	mile	seen	very*
broke	ground	mix	sew	war
care	hair	money	shall	week*
cent	half*	morning	sheep	where*
children	halves	myself	ship	while
city	hear*	nail	shop	who
close	herself	near	side	wish
clothes 1	himself	next	son	wool
cover	horse	north	south	writing*
cream	hour*	note	spell	year
1 Pronounced (klofehz).	* Verb, pronounced (led).	yet

176

REFERENCE LISTS

USE OF THE DICTIONARY

(To be studied with the help of the teacher.)

The dictionary is a book to which you should refer when you wish to know the spelHng, pronunciation, or meaning of a word. You must know the letters of the alphabet in their proper order before you can use the dictionary.

It is somewhat difficult to learn how to pronounce a word accurately. Although there are only twenty-six letters in the alphabet, they represent more than forty dif- ferent sounds. The following table shows how these sounds are indicated in the pronunciations in Webster's New International Dictionary and the various school dic- tionaries that use the same system.

a in mate a in climate	e in over f in fat	6 in lord 6 in not	u in use, tune u in unite
& in care a in mat	g in get, beg h in hat	0 in connect 6 in soft	ft in burn u in up
a in final	1 in pine	oi in oil	« in circus
a in ah, far	i in pin	oo in boot	V in vote
a in ask a in sofa b in baby ch in chair	j in joke k in kick 1 in lip m in man	6b in foot ou in house p in pet r in red	. w in want y in yard z in buzz zh for sound of z in
d in day du in verdure	n in no ng in long	s in so, this sh in shut	azure ' for a mere vocal
e in me ^ in enough e in met e in novel	I) in bank (like ng) 6 in bone t in obey	t in ten th in thin fh in that ^ in nature	murmur, or the elision of a vowel, as in the word eaten (et"n)

The diacritical marks are named as follows : " long, "*■ modified long, ^ circumflex, " short, ~ tilde ; a is called Italian a ; a is medial a, the sound halfway between a and a; 8 is medial o, the sound halfway between 6 and 6. In the pronunciations g is always " hard " as in get, beg (excepting ng); s is always "sharp" as in so, this (except- ing sh). Thus (hens) represents the pronunciation of hence, — not of hens, which is pronounced (henz).

FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

177

Words Taught in the Fourth Grade, First Half Year

ahead	cheap	fought	linen	November
(d-hSdO	(chep)	(fSt)	(ITn'gu)	(nt-vSmnat)
aim	chicken	fourth	load	ocean
(am)	(chTk'gu)	(£5rth)	(lod)	(5'8han)
ankle	coffee	freeze	lose*	October
(Sij'k'l)	(kSfl)	(frez)	(looz)	(5k-ton)er)
answer*	copy	fresh	March	off
(in'ser)	(k5p^)	(frgsh)	(march)	(5f)
April (k'prTl)	could*	friend*	mark	oil
(kd8d)	(frgnd)	(mark)	(oil)
August	cross	hang	May	orange
(d'gfist)	(kr58)	(hSug)	(raa)	(Sr'gnj)
bath	deaf	heavy	meant*	order
(b4th)	(dgf)	(hgvl)	(mgnt)	(8r'dSr)
beautiful	December	hide	mend	ought
(bu'tT-fd61)	(d*-8Sm'bSr)	(hid)	(mgnd)	(8t)
beginning*	draw	hollow	middle	pay
(bft-glnlng)	(dr8)	(h51'5)	(mTd"l)	(i^)
blew	dust	horn	mistake	picture
(bloo)	(dQ.t)	(h8m)	(mYs-takO	(pYk'tSr)
bhnd	edge	hungry	month	plain
(blind)	(8j)	(hQii'grI)	(miinth)	(Pl5n)
blow	either	January	navy	point
(bio)	(e'«iSr)	(jSn'fi-t-rT)	(na'vT)	(point)
branch	else	July	neck	pole
(brinch)	(gl8)	(joo-lIO	(ngk)	(p51)
break*	expect	June	need	post
(brak)	(gks-pgktO	(J5on)	(ned)	(post)
breath	farther	kitchen	neither	pour
(brJth)	(far'ther)	(kTch'Sn)	(ne'thSr)	(por)
brick	February*	knot	newspaper	price
(brtk)	(fg^roo-t-rl)	(n5t)	(nuz'pa-pSr)	(pris)
bright	fence	lazy	nickel	queer
(brit)	(fgna)	(la'zY)	(uYk"l)	(kwer)
brought	figure	leaf	nose	question
(br8t)	(flg'fir)	(15f)	(n5z)	(kwgs'chSn)
cabbage	fingers	Hfe	nothing	railroad
(kSb^j)	(fTij'gerz)	(iif)	(nathlng)	(ral'rod)

♦ Words marked with an asterisk on this page and the following pages are the so-called Demons mentioned on page v.

178

REFERENCE LISTS

ready*	silver	strong	tired*	wheel
(rgd'T)	(sYl'ver)	(8tr5ng)	(tird)	(hwa)
ribbon	single	such	too*	won
(4-Tb'«n)	(sTii'g'l)	(sQch)	(too)	(wfin)
roll	sixth	sugar*	track	wood
(rol)	(siksth)	(shdSg'er)	(trSk)	(wd6d)
roof	sKde	suit	true	word
(roof)	(slid)	(sut)	(troo)	(wfird)
salt	smooth	sweep	trunk	work
(88lt)	(smooth)	(swep)	(trnijk)	(wfirk)
sea	sold	their*	turn	world
(86)	(sold)	(thSr)	(tflrn)	(wflrld)
seems*	sour	thick	until	worth
(semz)	(sour)	(tl.Tk)	(uii-ttlO	(wflrth)
September	Stick	thread	used*	would*
(sgp-tSm'ber)	(BtYk)	(thrgd)	(uzd)	(w88d)
shake	story	throw	watch	wrong
(shak)	(stS'rl)	(thro)	(w5ch)	(rSng)
should	stove	tight	wear*
(8hd6d)	(stov)	(tit)	(wfir)
Words Taught in the Fourth Grade, Second Half Yee
able	belong	carry	crowd	feather
(a^bU)	(bg-l5ng0	(kSrI)	(kroud)	(fgth'Sr)
afraid	between	caught	dinner	field
(d-fradO	(be-twen')	(k8t)	(dtn'er)	(feld)
%	blanket	center	doctor*	follow
(blSrj'kSt)	(sgn'tSr)	(dSk'ter)	(fSl'o)
among*	blood	chain	don't*	forty*
(d-mfing')	(blQd)	(chan)	(dont)	(fSr'tt)
animal	breakfast	chase	drive	gate
(Sn'T-mai)	(brSk'fdst)	(chas)	(driv)	(gst)
army	bridge	chief	earth	getting
(Sr^mY)	(brfj)	(chef)	(firth)	(ggt'Yng)
asleep	brown	club	eleven	glove
(d-8lepO	(broun)	(klQb)	(€-15v"n)	(glfiv)
avenue	busy*	company	enough*	grain
(Sv'e-nu)	(blzT)	(kQm'pd-nl)	(e-nQf)	(gran)
banana	button	cotton	excuse	hammer
(hd-na'nd)	(bQt"n)	(k5t"n)	(gks-kuz')	(hSm'er)
beat	camp	count	family	happen
(bet)	(kSmp)	(kount)	(fSiu'Y-lI)	(hSp"n)

	FOURTH	GRADE, SECOND HALF 179
heart	mean	quarter	size	train
(hart)	(men)	(kwdr'tSr)	(siz)	(tran)
heat	metal	quiet	skin	trick
(het)	(mSt'fil)	(kwl'gt)	(skin)	(trTk)
honest	mind	rather	sorry	truly*
(Sn'Sst)	(mind)	(ritfe^r)	(sSr'T)	(troo/lT)
hundred	minute*	reach	SOW	twelve
(lifin'dr^d)	(mtnlt)	(reel.)	(80)	(twglv)
inch	Miss	remember	squirrel	unless
(Inch)	(mis)	(rt-mSm'ber)	(skwQr'H)	(fin-lSsO
iron	mountain	ripe (rip)	stairs	upper (Qp/er)
(i'ftrn)	(moun'tln)	(stfirz)
island	move	rise	storm	vegetable
(i'laiid)	(moov)	(riz)	(st8rm)	(vSj'«-td-b'l)
itself	Mr.	river	stranger	waist
{It-sSW)	(mTs'tSr)	(rlv/gr)	(stran'jSr)	(wast)
jail	Mrs.	rough	suddenly	wait
(J51)	(mYsTs)	(r«f)	(8Qd"n-lY)	(wat)
knew*	noise	safe	supper (s^p/gr)	wake
(nu)	(noiz)	(•5f)	(wak)
knife	number	sail	tail	wheat
(nif)	(nQm'bSr)	(ail)	(tal)	(hwet)
knock	o'clock	save	taught	whisper
(u5k)	(«-kl5k0	(•5v)	(tet)	(hwTa'pSr)
lake	pair	shade	tea	whole*
(15k)	(Pfir)	(shad)	(te)	(h31)
land	peach	shadow	teeth	wide
(l$nd)	(pech)	(8h5d'5)	(tSth)	(wid)
laugh	pear	shape	thin	wife
(raf)	(pSr)	(shap)	(tMn)	(wif)
learn	perfect	shine	third	without
(IQrii)	(pflr'fSkt)	(shin)	(thflrd)	(wYa»-out')
lemon	picnic	shoot	thousand	wonder
(ISm'fin)	(pTk'uTk)	(shoot)	(thou'zand)	(wfinMSr;
lies	pie	shore	thumb	won't*
(llz)	(pi)	(shor)	(thfim)	(wont)
master	plant	silk	to-morrow	wrote*
(mis'ter)	(plSnt)	(silk)	(td6-m5r'o)	(rSt)
match	potatoes	sir	town	yellow
(mSch) meal	(p«-ta'toz)	(sflr)	(toun)	(ySl'o)
pretty
(mel)	(prit/l)		* Note on page 17	7-

180

REFERENCE LISTS

Words Taught in the Fifth Grade, First Half Year

accept	central	daughter	false
(Sk-sgpf)	(sSn'trai)	(dS'ter)	(ff«L8)
ache*	certain	deal	fierce
(5k)	(sflr'tln)	(dSl)	(fers)
alarm	chance	death	final
(d-larmO	(chine)	(dgth)	(fi'nai)
also	choose*	depend	forenoon
(81'80)	(chooz)	(dt-pgnd')	(for-noon')
amount	circle	diamond	forest
(d-mounf)	(sfir'k'l)	(di'a-mwnd)	(f5r'gst)
appoint (5-point/)	circus	dictionary	future
(sflr'kfis)	(dlk'shfin-i-rt)	(fu'tSr)
arrange	clerk	dodge	gentle
(a-ranj')	(klflrk)	(dSj)	(jgn't'l)
arrest	cHmate	double	grocery
(S-rSsf)	(kli'mSt)	(dab''i)	(gro'ser-I)
attack	coarse	during	guard
(5-tSkO	(kors)	(dur'Ing)	(gSrd)
attend	collar	duty	guess*
(a-tSndO	(kSl'dr)	(du'tl)	(gSs)
beauty	collect	earn	guest
(bu'tt)	(kg-lgktO	(Qrn)	(ggst)
became	comfort	elevator	healthy
(bS-kam')	(kum'fert)	(SKS-va-tSr)	(hgi'tht)
believe*	common	engine	hire
(bS-levO	(kSm'ftn)	(gn'jTn)	(hir)
bicycle	connect	enjoy	hoarse*
(bi'sT-k'l)	(kg-ngkf)	(gn-joiO	(hors)
birthday	contain	entire	knit
(bflrth'da)	(k3n-tan')	(gn-tirO	(nit)
bundle	cottage	escape	labor
(bOn'd'l)	(k5t'£j)	(gs-kapO	(la'ber)
bushel	country*	expense (gks-pgnB')	loose*
(bd68h'«i)	(kQn'trT)	(1008)
capital	county	explain (gks-planO	loss
(kSp^-tai)	(koun'tl)	(18»)
careful	couple	fact	lying
(kfir'f661)	(kap"i)	(fSkt)	(liing)
case	dangerous	factory	marry
(kas)	(dan'jer-iis)	(fSk'tft-rt)	(mar^)

FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

181

maybe	prison	sign	total
(ma'bS)	(prtz"n)	(sin)	(to^l)
motor	promise	since*	touch
(mo'ter)	(pr8ml8)	(8ln8)	(tiSch)
music	proper (prSp'er)	soldier	towel
(mu'zik)	(8ol'jer)	(tou'^l)
narrow	prove	spare	trade
(nSr'o)	(proov)	(spfir)	(trad)
natural	purpose	special	treat
(nSt>rai)	(pflr'pfis)	(8pg8h'ai)	(tret)
obey	quite	square r8kwfir)	trouble*
(*-baO	(kwit)	(trtib"l)
office	raise*	stamp	truth
(5ft8)	(raz)	(stSmp)	(tr65th)
package	recent	starve	understand
(pSk'Sj)	(re'sgnt)	(8tarv)	(Qn-dSr-8t5ndO
pain	refer	state	vacation
(p5n)	(r«.fflr')	(Btat)	(vS-ca'»hfin)
parents	refuse	station	valley
(pfir'gnts)	(r*-fuz')	(Bta'Rhftn)	(vSW)
past	regard	steady (8t8dt)	vessel
(p48t)	(regard')	(v58'21)
people (PS'P'I)	remark	steal	visit
(rt-markO	(8tel)	(vlzlt)
person	rescue	steam	voice
(pflr'afin)	(r58'ku)	(stem)	(vois)
piano	return	steel	whom
(pT-5u'5)	(r*-tflniO	(stel)	(hoom)
piece*	rule	stomach	whose
(pes)	(rool)	(stQm'ftk)	(hooz)
police	select	supply	within
(pS-lesO	(s^-lgktO	(8fi-pU0	(wIth-InO
position	sense	themselves	wreck
(p*-zT8h'iin)	(sgns)	(th5m-851vz0	(rgk)
present	serve	ticket	young
(prSz'gnt)	(sarv)	(tIk'St)	(yfing)
	♦Note	on page 177.

182

REFERENCE LISTS

Words Taught in the Fifth Grade, Second Half Year

•address	course	fifth	listen
(S-drgs')	(kors)	(fifth)	(lYs^'n)
against	deliver	forth	lonesome
(d-ggnstO	(dt-lYv'er)	(forth)	(lon'sfim)
agreeable	describe	forward	manufacture
(d-grS'd-b'l)	(de-skrib')	(fSr'wSrd)	(m5n-fi-f5k'^r)
already	desert	furniture	measure
(81-rgd'I)	(dgz'ert)	(f(ir'nt-t5r)	(mgzh'ur)
although	direction	further	member
(61-tho')	(dT-rgk'shfin)	(fQi'thSr)	(mgm'ber)
angry	discover	general	mention
(Sq'grY)	(dla-kav'Sr)	(jgn'er-al)	(mgn'shfin)
appear	dream	heavens	mischief
(drem)	(hgv''uz)	(mts'chlf)
attempt	drown	height	national
(d-tgmptO	(droun)	(hit)	{nSshfun-diy
attract	effort	husband	naughty
(a-trSkf)	(gf'Srt)	(hfizniand)	(nS'tl)
biscuit	eighth	idea	none*
(bis'krt)	(atth)	(i-de'd)	(nQn)
breast	everything	idle	notice
(brgst)	(gv'er-T-thTng)	(i'd'i)	(no'tia)
breathe	examine	injury	offer
(breth)	(gg-zSmln)	(rn'jd6-rT)	(Sfer)
bruise	except	instead*	orchard
(brooz)	(gk-sgptO	(Tn-stgdO	(8r'cherd)
cause	exercise	interest	parade
(k8z)	(gk'ser-nz)	(Tn'ter-gst)	(pd-radO
climb	explore (gks-plorO	invitation	passenger
(kllm)	(Tn-vT-ta'shfin)	(pSs'^n-jSr)
color*	failure	jealous	patient
(kfil'er)	(fal'fir)	(jgl'fis)	(pa'sh^nt)
column	famous	kindness	pavement
(kSl'fim)	(fa'mfis)	(kiud'ngs)	(pav'mgnt)
compare	favor	least	peace
(k»m-pSr')	(fa'ver)	(lest)	(P58)
complain	fear	length	perhaps
(k»m-planO	(fer)	(ISngth)	(pSr-hSpa')
control	fellow	level	^ pity
(WJn-tr510	(fgl'5)	(ISWgl)	(piti)

FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

183

pleasant	repeat	struggle	union
(plgz'ant)	(rS-pef)	(8trQg"l)	(un'yiin)
pleasure	reply	suppose	useful
(plgzh'ur)	(rt-pliO	(sa-pozO	(us'fd61)
pocket	report	sure*	usual
(p5k'St)	(re-portO	(shoor)	(u'zhii-ai)
possible	result	surprise	usually
(pSs'I-b'l)	(re-zQlf)	(sSr-prizO	(u'2htS-ai-T)
power	review	swift	vote
(pou'er)	(r*-yu')	(swift)	(vot)
praise	scarce	taste	voyage
(praz)	(BkfirB^	(tast)	(voi'ij.)
prepare (prI-pfirO	score	tear*	wagon
(skor)	(tSr)	(wSg'fin)
press	search	though*	waste
(prgs)	(sflrch)	(tiio)	(wast)
profit	secret	thought	weak
(pr5f1t)	(seHirgt)	(thSt)	(wek)
prompt	sentence	thrift	weather
(prSmpt)	(s^nt^na)	(thrtft)	(wgth'er)
public	settle	throat	weigh
(pQl/lYk)	(B8t"l)	(thrSt)	(w»)
punish	shoulder	thunder	welcome
(pQnTsh)	(shol'dSr)	(than'der)	(wglOtfim)
quit	sincerely	together	woman
(kwTt)	(sTn-serMT)	(tdS-ggth'Sr)	(waSm'Sn)
really	sleeve	tongue	women*
(r5'ai-I)	(8lev)	(tQng)	(wYm'Sn)
reason	sometimes	toward	wonderful
(re'z'n)	(sQm'tlmz)	(to'erd)	(wiin'der-fdfil)
receive	straight*	traveler	worse
(rS-sevO	(strat)	(trJXv'gl-5r)	(wflrs)
region	strength	umpire	wound
(re'jiin)	(strgngth)	(Qm'plr)	(woond)
remain	Stretch	unable	written
{rt-man')	(strgch)	(Qn-a'b'l)	(rTt"n)
	♦Note	on page 177.

184

REFERENCE LISTS

Words Taught in the Sixth Grade, First Half Year

absence	carriage	cousin	experience
(Sb's^ns)	(kSrlj)	(kaz"n)	(eks-pe'rY-gna)
absent	catalogue	currant	extremely
(Sb'sgnt)	(kat'd-i5g)	(kSr'ant)	(eks-treinai)
account	celebration	current	falsehood
(a-kount/)	(sSl-e-bra'shfin)	(kQr'^nt)	(f81«'hd8d)
accurate	check	daily	famihar
(5k'u-rat)	(chSk)	(da'lT)	(fd-mTl'ydr)
adopt	chocolate	damage	fashion
(d-dSpf)	(ch5k'$-lSt)	(dSm'&j)	(fSsh'tin)
agriculture	chorus	dawn	female
(Sg'rT-kQl-tSr)	(ko'rfis)	(dSn)	(fe'mal)
alcohol	circular	deceive	firm
(SKk6-h51)	(sflr'kfi-ldr)	(dS-sev')	(mrm)
allow	citizen	decide	folks
(a-iouo	(sTft-z^n)	(d§-8ldO	(foks)
angel	command	decision	foreign
(an'jgl)	(k3-m4ndO	(dg-sTzh'fin)	(fSr^n)
arrive	companion	deny	funeral
(a-rlv')	(keJm-pSn'yun)	(dS-ni')	(fu'ner-ai)
assure	complaint	dew	furnace
(a-8hoor')	(kgm-plantO	(du)	(fflr'nSs)
attention	complete	dismiss	gentleman
(a-t5n'8h«n)	(kgm-pletO	(dts-mTsO	(jSn't'l-man)
awkward	concern	distance	government
(8k'wSrd)	(k8n-8flm')	(dTs'tan8)	(gQv'ern-mgnt)
baggage	condition	due	governor
(bSg'ij)	(k»n-dT8h'«n)	(du)	(gfiv'Sr-ner)
benefit	conduct	earnest	guide
(bSn'g-ftt)	(kSn'dfikt)	(ftr'ngst)	(gw)
bouquet	consent	easily	gymnasium
(boo-ka')	(keJn-sSntO	(ez'I-lT)	(jTm-na'zT-Sm)
burglar	consider	education	handkerchief
(bfir'gler)	(k»n-8ld'er)	(S4Ji-ka'8hfin)	(hSi)'kSr-cMf)
business*	continue	electric	honor
(blz'ngs)	(k3n-tTn'u)	(e-lgk'trik)	(Sn'er)
cabin	convention	enemy	imagine
(kSbTn)	(k3n-vSn'8hfin)	(5u'*-mT)	(I-m5j'In)
captain	cordially	excellent	immediately
(kSp'ttn)	(k8r'jai-T)	(5k'8?-lgnt)	(t-me'dT-at-lI)

SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

185

independent (In-d^p5n'dgnt)	medal	private	statement
(mgd'fil)	(pri'vit)	(stat'mgnt)
information	message	probably	subject
(In-fSr-ma'shfin)	(mga'Sj)	(pr5b'd-bll)	(sSb'jgkt)
introduce	neighbor	purse	succeed
(Tn-trft-du»')	(na'ber)	(pQrs)	(sfik-sed')
jewel	nephew	quarrel	success
(ju'«)	(ngf'u)	(kwSr/gl)	(sfik-sSsO
judge	niece	receipt	theater
m	(nes)	(r«-8etO	(the'd-ter)
judgment	noble	republic	therefore
(jQj'mgnt)	(no'b-l)	(rt-pfib'lTk)	(aifir'for)
knowledge	oblige	restaurant	thorough
(nSl'Sj)	(*-biijo	(rSs'tft-rant)	(thSr'S)
language	offend	retire	treasurer
(ISij'gwSj)	(5-fSndO	(rt-tir')	(tr6zh'ur-Sr)
lawver	opposite (8p'S-zIt)	salary	trust
(18'ySr)	(sSl'd-rl)	(trfist)
luncheon	partner	satisfactory	truthful
(IQu'chfin)	(part'nSr)	(sSt-Ts-fSk'tft-rl)	(tro6th'fd61)
machine	patience	secretary	tying
(md-shen')	(pa'Bh^ns)	(8gk'r8-tt-rT)	(tiTng)
madam	peculiar	seize	typewriter
(mSd'ftm)	(p*-kul'ydr)	(sez)	(tip'rit-Sr)
maid	permission	serious	unite
(mad)	(per-mTsh'fin)	(se'rl-fis)	(fi-nltO
majority	persuade	service	uphold tfip-h51d0
(md-j5r1-tT)	(pSr-swadO	(sfir'vYs)
male	political	several	valuable
(ma)	(p6-lTt'T-kai)	(86v'Sr-ai)	(vai'fi-d-b'i)
manage	preparation (pr5p-d-ra'8h«n)	severe	village
(mSn'Jj)	(sS-verO	(vIl'Sj)
manner	president	signature	volume
(mSn'Sr)	(prgzT-d^nt)	(sTg'nd-tyr)	(v51'6m)
marriage	principal	sober	worry
(mSrIj)	(prln'sT-pfil)	(ao'bSr)	(wflrl)

186

REFERENCE LISTS

Words Taught in the Sixth Grade, Second Half Year

accident	crazy	disgrace	garage
(Sk'at-dgnt)	(kra'zT)	(dYs-gras')	(g4-razh0
advertisement	curious	disgust	gasohne
(Sd-vfir'tYz-mgnt)	(ku'rT-i28)	(dYs-gustO	(g5s'4-len)
advice	curve	disobey	graduate
($d-viB')	(kfirv)	(dYs-i-baO	(gr5dlfi-at)
advise	dairying	doubt	grammar*
(Sd-vIzO	(da'rY-Tng)	(dout)	(grSm'er)
approach	decorate	dye	grease
(a-prochO	(dSk'6-rat)	(di)	(gres)
article	deed	effect	guilty
(ar'tr-k'l)	(ded)	(g-fgkf)	(gYm)
automobile	defeat	election	hospital
(6-tS-mo'bn)	(dS-fef)	(Mgk'Bhfin)	(hSs'pY-tai)
barrel	defend	enter	immense
(bSr'gl)	(dg-fgndO	(Sn'tSr)	(Y-mgns')
brief	delighted	equal (e'kwfil)	important
(bref)	(d*-Ut'gd)	(Ym-p8raant)
cancel (kSn's^l)	department (de-part'mgnt)	especially (§8-pg8h'ai-Y)	improvem( (Ym-proov'mfi
cashier	descend	examination	inquire
(kSsh-erO	(dt-8gnd0	(gg-zSm-Y-na'ahfin)	(Yn-kwirO
century	description (d^skrTp'shfin)	excite	invention
(sgn't^-rY)	(gk-8ltO	(Yn-vgn'shfitt)
cereals	desire	express	jacket
(BWrt-aiz)	(d^zirO	(gks-prgBO	(jSk'gt)
channel	destroy	film	journal
(chSn'a)	(d«-stroi')	(fYlm)	(jfir/nai)
civil	difference	finally	joumev
(bTvII)	(dlfSr-gns)	(fi'nai-Y)	(jflr'nl)'
comfortable	different	force	leather
(kQm'fer-to-b'l)	(dYfer-^nt)	(fOFB)	(ISfe/er)
commence	disappear	fortunate	lecture
(kg-mgns')	(dYs-a-perO	(f6r't^-nftt)	(Igk'tSr)
confess	disappoint	freight	liberty
(k3n-fg80	(dYs-S-pointO	(frat)	(lYb^r-tY)
conquer	discourage	frightened	library
(k5i)'ker)	(dYs-kfir'ij)	(frif'nd)	(li'bri-rY)
crawl	disease	fully	liquor
(krSl)	(dY-zezO	(fd61'Y)	(lYk^er)

SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

187

loyal (loi'Sl)	percentage (per-8gn'tij)	regular (rgg'fi-ldr)	system (sTs'tgm)
mayor (mS'er)	period (pe'rT-3d)	respectfully (rl-8pekt'f661-T)	tailor (ta'ler) ,
medicine (mgdt-sTn)	permit (per-mTtO	route (root)	telegram (tgl'e-grSm)
memory (mgm'ft-rl)	plan (Pl5n)	royal (roi'Sl)	telegraph (tgl'S-grft)
mineral (mTii'er-ai)	possession (p^-zgsh'wn)	season (se'z'n)	telephone (tgl'e-fon)
motion (mo'shfiu)	practice (prSk'tYs)	separate* (Bgp'd-rftt)	temperature (tgm'per-d-tyr).
museum (mfi-ze'fim)	^^Z	shield (Bheld)	temptation (tgmp-ta'8hun),
musician (mfi-iTsh'Sn)	precious (prg8h'&8)	similar (slmT-ldr)	term (tflrin)
necessary (ngs'^-sa-rl)	prefer (prg-fflr')	society (80-8l't-tT)	terrible (tgrl-b'I)
neglect (ngg-15kt0	previous (pre'vT-fis)	sorrow (85r'o)	thus (thQs)
object (»b-jgkt')i	print (print)	speech (spech)	tobacco (tS-bSk'o)
omit (S-mltO	product (prM'fikt)	spoil (spoil)	umbrella (ttm-brgl'd)
opinion (8-pTn'ySn)	professor (prft-fgfl'er)	spread (8prgd)	unfortunate (an-f8r't5-nat)
ors^anize (8r'gan-iz)	program (prS'grSm)	Steamer (stem'er)	view (vu)
palace (pHts)	puncture (pai)k'^r)	stupid (stu'pid)	visitor (vtzt-tSr)
pardon (par'dSn)	rapid (rSp^d)	suggest (8fig-jg8tO	wealth (wglth)
particular (par-tTk'ti-ldr)	rate (rat)	support (8a-port0	whether* (hwgth'er)
penmanship (pgn'raSn-shTp)	referring (r*-fflrtng)	surround (sii-round')	whistle (hwl8"l)
* 1 Verb; the noun is pronounced (Sl/jSkt).	♦Note on page 177.

188

REFERENCE LISTS

Words Taught in the Seventh Grade, First Half Year

absurd	cease	debtor	exceed
(Sb-sflrd')	(sea)	(dgt'er)	(gk-sed')
acquire	chauffeur	declare	excusable
(a-kwIrO	(Bho-ffirO	(de-klSr')	(gkfl-kuz'd-b'l)
advantage (ad-vin'taj)	chemist	dehcious	expel
(kSmnrst)	(dS-lTsh'Ss)	(gks-pgl')
advertise	claim	depth	feeble
(5d'v5r-tlz)	(klain)	(dgpth)	(fe^b'l)
affect	college	desirable	feminine
(a-fgkf)	(kSl'Sj)	(de-zir'd-b-l)	(fgm'Y-nYn)
agreement (o-gre'm^nt)	colonel	despise	flight
(kfir'ngl)	(d§-splz')	(flit)
amateur	colony	diameter	formally
(Sm-d-tfir')	(k5Ko-nY)	(di-ain'S-ter)	(fSi-'mai-Y)
angle	committee	discussion	formerly
(Sq'g'l)	(k^-mYfe)	(dta-kQsh'ftn)	(f8r'mer-lY)
anxious	compel	dissatisfied	frequent
(Sqk'shfis)	(k(Jm-pSl')	(dTs-sStls-fid)	(fre'k\v?nt)
appeal (i^-pelO	compHment	distribute	fuel
(kSm'plT-mgnt)	(dls-trYb'fit)	(fu'gl)
area	conceal	district	fulfill
(jS^it-d)	(kan-sel')	(dYs'trlkt)	(fd&i-fiio
assist	.conceit	dread	generally
(a-sYsto	(kgn-setO	(drgd)	(jgn'er-ai-Y)
athletics	connection	eager	generous
(5th-18tmcs)	(k5-iigk'8lmii)	(5'gSr)	(jgn'er-as)
barely	consideration	economy	gracious
(bfir'lY)	(kgn-sTd-er-a'8h«n)	(*-k5n'6-mY)	(gra'shSs)
bargain	contagious	employ	gymnastics
(bar'gSn)	(k»n-ta'j«8)	(gm-ploiO	(jYm-nSs'tYks)
berth	courage	endure	handsome
(bflrth)	(kfir^j)	(gn-dur')	(hSn'sfim)
besiege	courteous	engage	hence
(bS-8eJ0	(kflr'te-fis)	(gn-gaJO	(hgns)
blunder	courtesy	entertain	hygiene
(blQn'dSr)	(kflr'tg-sY)	(gn-ter-tan')	(hi'jT-en)
capable	creditor	entitle	illustrate
(ka'pd-b'l)	(krgd'Y-ter)	(gn-ti't'l)	(Y-lQs'trat)
career	custom	event	increase
(bd-rer')	(kfis'tfim)	(e-vgntO	(Yn-kresO i

SEVENTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

189

indeed	modern	provide	session
(Tn-ded')	(mSd'em)	(prS-vidO	(sgsh'ttn)
injure	mortgage	punctual	shrewd
(in'jdbr)	(mSr'gij)	(pQqk'ty-ai)	(shrood)
inner	naturally	pursue	silence
(Tu'er)	(n5t/u-rai-I)	(p«r-8u0	(si'l^na)
innocent	occasion	rank	statue
(Tn'S-8«nt)	(g-ka'zh«n)	(rSi)k)	{st&m
installment	occupy (5k'fi-pl)	recommend	suffer
(Tn-stSl'mftat)	(r5k-«-ragndO	(Bufer)
insurance	occur	recover	suspicious
(tn-shoor'ftns)	(3-kfir')	(ri-kav'er)	(8«8-pT8h'fi8)
interrupt	occurrence	reel	tact
(Tn-te-rQptO	(3-kflr'«n8)	(rel)	(tSkt)
janitor	omission	regret	touring
(jSunr-tSr)	(6-mT8h'fin)	(rt-grgtO	(toor'Tng)
justice	oppose (8-poz/)	reliable	treason
(jlis'tTs)	(rt-li'd-b'l)	(tre'z'n)
kerosene	parallel	relief	treasure
(kSr'S-sen)	(pSr'S-lgl)	(r^-lef)	(trgzh'fir)
league	parcel	represent	twiUght
(15g)	(par'8«l)	(rgp-re-zgntO	(twi'llt)
ledge	personal	representative	tyrant
(ISj)	(pQr'8fin-ai)	(rgp-re-zgu'td-tYv)	(tl'rant)
leisure	pierce	request	vacant
(le'zhfir)	(pers)	(re-kwgsf)	(va'kdnt)
license	pledge	require	vaseline
(ll's^na)	(plSj)	(rS-kwIr')	(vSs'g-ltn)
lieutenant (lu-tSn'Snt)	politics (psinr-tTks)	respect (re-spgkf)	venture (vgn'tisr)
local	possess	responsible	weapon
(lo^al)	(P«-Zg80	(re-8p5n'8T-b'l)	(wgp'iin)
masculine	prejudice	scheme	wholly
(mfalifi-nn)	(prgj'd8-dT8)	(skem)	(hol'lT)
mechanic	primary	screen	wretch
(mS-kSn'Tk)	(pri'md-rT)	(skren)	(rgch)
mere (mer)	principle (prTn'sT-p'l)	secondary (sgk'wn-da-rt)	yacht (y»fc)
mihtia	proceed	secrecy	yield
(mr-lTsh'd)	(prS-sedO	(sencrS-sI)	(yeld)

* Verb ; the noim increase is accented on first syllable.

190

REFERENCE LISTS

Words Taught in the Seventh Grade, Second Half Year

accommodate	: banquet	confer	entrance
(S-k5m'S-dat)	(bSq'kwSt)	(kdn-fflr')	(gn'trSna)
according	beneficial	consumption	envelope
(a-k8rd'Tng)	(bgn-e-flsh'ai)	(k3n-8ump'shMn)	(5n've-lop)
accuracy	cabinet	contract	estate
(5k'fi-rd-sT)	(kSbl-ngt)	(kSn'trSkt)!	(g»-tat')
acquaintance	cable	convict	estimate
(a-kwan'tans)	(ka'b'l)	(kgn-vIktO*	(gs'tT-mat)
action	calendar	correspondence	: evidence
(Sk'shSn)	(kSl'^n-ddr)	(k5r-t-sp5n'dgn8)	(gv'T-d^ns)
aeroplane (a'er-S-plan)	capture	court	exception
(kSp'tSr)	(kort)	(gk-sSp'shfin)
affair	catarrh	debate	exhibition
(a-fSr')	(kd-tar')	(de-baf)	(gk-sY-btah'fin)
altogether	cemetery	decent	existence
(81-td6-gg^er)	(8gm'e-tgr-T)	(de's^nt)	(gg-zts'tens)
ambition	ceremony	definite	extract
(Stn-bTsh'ftn)	(sgr'S-mft-nY)	(dgft-ntt)	(gka-trSkt')»
annual	challenge	degree	fatal
(Xn'fi-ai)	(chSl'gnj)	(d^greO	(fa'tai)
argue	character	despair	furious
(Sr'gti)	(kSr'ak-ter)	(de-8par')	(fu'rT-Qs)
argument	circuit	develop	gradually
(ar'gu-m?nt)	(sOr'klt)	(de-vgl'gp)	(gradiu-ai-T)
arouse	circumference devote	grumble
(d-rouzO	(ser-kfim'fer-gns)	(d^votO	(grfimn)'!)
artificial	clumsy	difiiculty	haste
(ar-tT-frsh'al)	(klum'zT)	(dlf'T-kul-tY)	(hast)
assassin	coil	director	heir
(a-s5sTn)	(koil)	(dl-rgk'ter)	(Sr)
association	combination	divine	horizontal
(a-80-sY-a'8h«ii)	(k5m-bY-na'sh«n)	(dT-vinO	(h5r-T-z5n'tSl)
attach	commit	elaborate	human
(a-tscho	(kg-mTf)	it-l&Vt-Ttt)	(hu'man)
aviator	community	empire	illness
(a'vi-a-ter)	(k3-mu'nT-tt)	(gm'pir)	(TKnga)
balance	compound	energy	imaginary
(bSl'ans)	(kSm'pound)	(gn'er-jT)	(T-mSj'T-Qa-rr)

1 Noun ; verb is accented on last syllable. ' Verb ; noun is accented on first syllable.

SEVENTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

191

imitate	mustache	privilege	solemn
(Tm'I-tat)	(mfis-tiahO	(prlvT-lSj)	(sSl'ftn)
importance	mutual	progress	soul
(Im-pSr'tanB)	(mu'ts-ai)	(pr5g'rg8)i	(sol)
inclose	mysterious	property	squad
(Tn-klozO	(mTs-te'rT-as)	(pr5p^r-tt)	(8kw5d)
include	nervous	provision	stationary
(Tn-kloodO	(nQr'vus) ,	(prS-vtzh'Mn)	(8ta'8hfin-a-rl)
income	neutral	pubUcation	stationery
(Tn'kfim)	(nu'trSl)	(pab-lT-ka'8hfin)	(stS'shun-gr-I)
indigestible	objection	quaUty	style
(In-dl-jSs'tl-b'l)	(5b-j5k'shfin)	(kw51'T-tI)	(8tn)
initial	obstacle	quantity	submarine
(Tn-Ish'Sl)	(5l/8td-k'l)	(kw5u'tl-tl)	(sSb-ma-ren')
insect	opponent (8-po'n«nt)	reference	suburb
(In'sSkt)	(rgfer-^ns)	(sQVflrb)
inspect	opportunity	relative	summon
(In-spgkf)	(6p-8r-tu'nT-tT)	(rSl'd-tlv)	(8fim'Sn)
instrument	outrage	repair	superintendent
(In'stroo-mgnt)	(out'raj)	(rt-pfir')	(8u-per-tu-t5n'd«nt)
intelligence	oxygen	resign	suppress
(Tn-tgl1-j«n8)	(Sk'Bl-jgn)	(rft-zmO	(sS-prSsO
limit	peddler	resolve	surface
(Itm'It)	(pSd'lSr)	(r*-z51v')	(sflr'fSs)
machinery	perish	restrain	switch
(mc-shen'er-T)	(pSr/Tsh)	(rS-8trSn')	(swich)
material	permissible	righteous	territory
(md-te'rT-ai)	(pSr-mTsa-b'l)	(rl'chfifl)	(t«rT-t«-rY)
matinee	phonograph	rumor	torpedo
(mat-T-naO	{iofnt-gv&i)	(roS'mer)	(tOr-pe'do)
mischievous	photograph	sacred	traitor
(mTs'cM-viia)	(fo'tft-grAf)	(sa'krgd)	(tracer)
misery	physician	scene	twentieth
(mlz'Sr-I)	(fl-zIsh'Sn)	(sen)	(twgn'tr-gth)
missionary (mTsh'un-a-rt)	plane	science	various
(plan)	(si'gnu)	(va'ri-fis)
modest	population (p5p-u-la'8hfin)	Senate	victim
(m5d'5st)	(sgu'at)	(vlktYm)
mold	poultry	skillful	visible
(mold)	(pol'trY)	(8kn'fd6i)	(vTzt-b'l)
moreover	precede	sole	wholesome
(mor-o^er)	(pre-sedO	(801)	(hol'sfim)
	1 Noun ; verb is	pronounced (prS-grSs').

192

REFERENCE LISTS

Words Taught in the Eighth Grade, First Half Year

ability	avoid	create	esteem
(d-btl'T-tT)	(d-voidO	(krfe-atO	(gs-tem')
abroad	ballot	criticize	evaporate
(d-br8d')	(bSl'fit)	(krTt'T-8lz)	(e-v5p'S-rat)
abundance	behavior	cruise	executive
(o-banMSns)	(b?-hav'yer)	(krooz)	(gg-zgk'u-tiv)
accompanied	blockade	defense	fiery
(a-kQm'pd-nTd)	(bl5k-ad')	(de-fgn8')	(fi/er-T)
accustomed	boisterous	deHrious	financial
(a-kus'tiimd)	(boi8'ter-M8)	(de-lTiT-as)	(fl-n5n'8hai)
achieve	campaign	democracy	financier
(d-chevO	(kSm-panO	(dJ-mSk'rd-sT)	(fln-an-serO
advisable	candidate	desirous	genius
(ad-viz'd-b'l)	(kSn'dl-dat)	(,de-zIr'M8)	(jen'yQs)
allegiance	canvass	dessert	genuine
(a-le'jans)	(kSn'vds)	(dg-z(irtO	(jgn'fi-Tn)
alliance	Catholic	diet	ghost
(a-li'ftns)	(kSth'S-lTk)	(di'gt)	(gost)
aluminum	census	diploma	ghmpse
(d-lu'mT-n«m)	(sgn'siis)	(dT-plo'md)	(glTmp8)
ancient	changeable	disaster	gHsten
(an'sh^nt)	(chan'jd-b'l)	(dlz-i8'ter)	(glt8"n)
announce	choir	discipline (dT8'I-plTn)	glorious
(g-nouns')	(kwir)	(glo'rY-Ss)
annoy	Christ	disguise	guardian
(a-noi')	(krist)	(dTa-glzO	(gar'di-dn)
apparently (a-par'?nt-ir)	conceive	duet	Hebrew
(k3n-sev')	(dfi-sto	(he'broo)
appearance	condemn	efficient	ignorance
(d-per'Sns)	(k»n-dgmO	(g-fYsh'gnt)	(Tg'no-rans)
attendance	conscience	ehminate	immigrant
(o-tgn'danB)	(k5n'8hgns)	(g-lTm'T-nat)	(Trn'T-grSut)
attorney	conscientious	eloquent	immoral
(a-tflr'nl)	(k5n-8ht-gn'8hM8)	(gl'S-kwgnt)	(I-m5r'ai)
audience	consequence	emergency	immortal
(S'dT-^ns)	(kSn'se-kwSns)	(e-mfir'j^n-sT)	(T-m8r'tai)
authority	convenient	emigrant	indorse
(8-th5r1-tr)	(k(5n-ven'ygnt)	(gma-grant)	(Tn-d8rs0
autocracy (8-t5k'rd.8T)	council	emphasize	influence
(koun'8ll)	(gm'fd-siz)	(Tn'floo-ens)

EIGHTH GRADE, FIRST HALF

193

ingenious (fii-jen'yus)	obedience	quarantine	scandalous
(S-be'dT-^ns)	(kwSr'an-ten)	(skSnMai-MS)
insane	obtain	quartet	secure
(lu-san')	(3b-tan0	(kw8r-tgt0	(8e-kur')
insult	odor	ratio	seldom
(Tn-sQltO'	(o'der)	(ra'shl-o)	(8gl'dfim)
intelligent	offense	reahze	sergeant
(Tn-t51'T-j?nt)	(»-f5ns')	(re'al-Iz)	(sar'jgnt)
interfere	official	recipe	solo
(Tn-tSr-fer/)	(s-tuhm)	(rgs'T-pe)	(so'lo)
invalid	orchestra	recognize	specimen
(Tn'vd-lld)	(8r'k58-trd)	(rgk'dg-nlz)	(8pg8T.ingn)
issue	ordinarily	redeem	spirit
(Tsh'u)	(6r'dT-nS-rT-lI)	(rt-dem')	(8pTr'Tt)
jur>^	organization	regiment	suffrage
(joo'rT)	(6r-gan-I-za'8hfin)	(rgj'I-mgnt)	(sQf'rSj)
latter	originally	relieve	suitable
(lat'Sr)	(*-rIj1-nai-T)	(re-lev')	(sut'd-b'l)
legislature	pause	religion	sympathize
(IgjTs-la-t^r)	(p8z)	(r«-lTj'fin)	(8lm'p<i-thlz) .
liable	peaceable	religious	tedious
(li'd-b'l)	(pes'd-b'l)	(r«-ltj'«8)	(te'dt-fia)
lovable	practical	repetition	title
(IQv'd-b'l)	(prSk'tl-kai)	(rgp-g-tTsh'ttn)	(ti't'i)
mileage	preliminary	reproof	transfer
(mn'aj)	(pre-lIm'T-nS-rT)	(re-proof)	(trSns-fflrO •
municipal	premium	reputation	treasury
(mu-ntsT-pal)	(pre'mY-am)	(rgp-u-ta'8hfin)	(trgzh'tir-Y)
navigable	prevent	reservoir	utterance
(n$vT-gd-b'l)	(pre-vgnf)	(rgz'er-vwSr)	(fifer-Sna)
necessity	produce	residence	variety
(nS-85aT.tI)	(pri-dusO «	(rgzT-dgns)	(vd-rl't-tY)
nonsense	profession	respectable	vengeance
(nSu'sgns)	(pri-fgsh'Sn)	(re-spgk'td-b'l)	(vgn'jSns)
noticeable	propose	revenue	victuals
(no'tTs-d-b'l)	(pro-pozO	(rgv'e-nu)	(vYf'lz)
nuisance	Protestant	ridiculous	welfare
(nu'sgns)	(prSt'gs-tSnt)	(rY-dTk'fi-liis)	(wgl'fSr)
oath	pulverize	robbery	witness
(oth)	(pQl'ver-iz)	(rSb'er-Y)	(wYt'ng8)

1 Verb ; noun is (Yn'atUt). * Verb ; noun is (prM'us).

s Verb ; noun is (trSns'fflr).

194

REFERENCE LISTS

Words Taught in the Eighth Grade, Second Half Year

acknowledge	attendant	convert	enterprise
(5k.n51'Sj)	(a-tgn'dgnt)	(k»n-vflrtO 1	(gn'ter-priz)
affection	attitude	corrupt	equivalent (e-kwTv'd-l«nt)
(a-f5k'8hfin)	(Stl-tud)	(kg-rupf)
afford	auxiliary	counsel	essential
(S-fordO	(Sg-ztl'yd-rl)	(koun's^l)	(g-sgn'8bdl)
alien	average	counterfeit	expedition
(al'ygn)	(5v'er-Sj)	(koun'ter-ftt)	(gks-p§-dTsh'Mn)
allies	bachelor	courageous	extraordinary
(a-iizo	(bSch'e-ler)	(kfi-ra'jr^s)	(gks-tr&r'dt-nS-rl)
ammunition	boundary	crystal	extravagant
(Sm-fi-nTsh'fin)	(boun'dd-rT)	(krls'tai)	(gka-trSv'd-gant)
amusement	carburetor	cy Under	fatigue
(d-muz'm^nt)	(kar'b6-rSt-er)	(sIl'Tn-der)	(fd-tegO
analysis	chronic	definition	feast
(d-nSl'T-sIs)	(krSuTk)	(dgf-T-nTsh'Sn)	(feat)
analyze	circumstances	desperate	feature
(Sn'd-llz)	(sQr'kSm-stSn-aSz)	(dg8'per-St)	(fe'tSr)
anarchist	collection	destination	festival
(Sn'dr-ktst)	(kd-lSk'shSn)	(dgs-tT-ua'shun)	(fgs'tT-val)
anatomy	colhsion	detest	forfeit
(d-nSt'o-mt)	(k»-lTzh'iin)	(de-tgatO	(fdi/fTt)
(d-p5KS-jY)	comical	devil	fugitive
(k5m1-kai)	(dgv"l)	(fu'jT-tTv)
apparatus	commercial	diphtheria	garrison
(Sp-d-ra'tQs)	(k3-mQr'8hai)	(dlf-the'rY-d)	(gSrrr-s'n)
apparel (a-p5r'gl)	commission (k»-mTsh'an)	display (dts-pla')	germ (jQnn)
appetite	complexion	distin.cuish	guarantee
(5p'e-tit)	(kgm-plgk'shfin)	(dts-tlii'gwTsh)	(g5r-an-te0
application (5p-lT-ka'sh«n)	concise	dividend	hereafter
(kgn-sls')	(dYv'T-dgnd)	(ber-&faer)
appreciate	confederate	durable	hideous
(a-pre'ahl-at)	(kgn-fgd^r-fit)	(du'rd-b'l)	(hTd'e-Ss)
arrival	conference	embarrass	humorous
(S-riv'dl)	(k5u'£er-«us)	(gm-bSr'Sa)	(hu'mer-Ss)
asthma	consensus	emphasis	impulsive
(Sz'md)	(kgn-8Sn'8U8)	(gm'fd-sYs)	(tm-pQl'sTv)
atmosphere	constitution	endeavor	inconvenience
(5t'iTig8-fer)	(kSn-Btt-tu'shftn)	(gn-dgv'Sr)	(Tn-kdn-ven'ygns)
	1 Verb ; noun is (kSu'vflrt).

EIGHTH GRADE, SECOND HALF

195

indulge

(Tn-daiJO

inflammation

(In-fla-ma'shfin)

influenza

(Tn-fl6o-?n'zd)

instinct

(Tn'8tri)kt)

institution

(Tn-stl-tu'shiin)

investifijate

(Tu-vgs'tl-gat)

irregular

(T-rgg'u-ldr)

irritate

(Tr'I-tat)

jewelry

(ju'?l-rf)

laboratory

(lSb'S-rd-t8-rI)

literature

(irfer-c-tur)

milliner

(mll'I-uer)

millionaire

(mn-yftn-Sr')

minister

(tnln'Is-ter)

miscellaneous

(mI»-^-la'ne-«8)

movement

(moov'ment)

neighborhood

(na'oer-hd6d)

neuralgia

(n6-rSl'jI-d)

nourishment

(nfirTsh-m^t)

observation

(Sb-zer-va'ehfin)

obstinate	rascal	sufficient
(5b'8tT-nat)	(rfa'kai)	(sii-fTBh'gnt)
ornamental (6r-nd-m5n'tai)	reception (rS-sSp'shfin)	suggestion (sfig-jgB'chfin)
paralysis (pd-rai'T-sTs)	reduction (re-diik'8hfiii)	survey (sfir-va') «
partition (par-tTsh'un)	remedy (rgm'S-dl)	sympathy (BTm'pd-thl)
patent (pSt'gnt)	remnant (rSm'nSnt)	syndicate (BTn'dl-kfit)
pennant (pgn'ant)	revival (rt-vIv'Sl)	technical (tgk'iiT-kai)
perform (per-f6rmO	revolutionary (rgv-6-lu'8lifin-t-rI)	tenant (tSn'Snt)
perpendicular (pQr-pgn-dlk'fi-ldr)	rheumatism (roo'md-tlz'm)	testimony (tgs'tT-mC-nT)
physical	ridicule	thermometer
(nzi-kai)	(rTd'T-kul)	(th5r-m5in'S-t8r)
pneumatic (nfi-mSttk)	sacrifice (8«k'rl-fi8) 1	transparent (trSns-pfir'gnt)
pneumonia (nfi-myul-d)	sanitary (85n1-t4-rl)	treacherous (trtck'Sr-fiB)
precise (prg-8iB')	sensitive (BSn'8l.tTv)	trifle (tri'f'i)
pressure (prSah'ur)	series (se'rez)	tuberculosis (tfi-bOr-kfi-l^BrB)
profane (pri-fan')	sheriff (shSr'If)	typhoid (ti'foid)
prophecy (pr5f'e-8T)	sincerity (sIn-sSra-tl)	uniform (u'nt-fSrm)
prophesy (prSfe-ai)	souvenir (soo-vS-nerO	unique (fi-nSkO
prospect (pr58'p8kt)	sovereign (B5v'Sr-Tn)	university (u-nl-viir'sT-tT)
purity	statistics	valor
(pu'ri-tl)	(8td-tl8'tTkB)	(vSl'Sr)
pursuit (ptir-sutO	strategy (BtrSfS-jT)	ventilation (vgn-tl-la'shfin)
quaint	substantial	violent
(kwant)	(8ftb-8t5n'8hai)	(vl'S-lgnt)

1 Or (sSk'rY-fiz) ; the first pronunciation is preferred for the noun, and the second for the verb. * Verb: noun is preferably (sfir'va).

196 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING

Spelling Rules

I. A word ending in e with a consonant before it, drops the e when ing is added ; thus

have — having come — coming

To make word forms ending in ed, er^ or est, a word that ends in e adds only dj r, or st\ thus, tire, tired; wise, wiser, wisest.

II. A word ending in y with a consonant before it, keeps y when ing is added, but changes y to i when ed or es is added; thus

cry — crying, cried, cries city — cities

Almost all words ending in y with a consonant before it, also change y to i when er, est, or ly — or any other suffix not beginning with i — is added ; thus, lazy, lazier, laziest, lazily, laziness.

III. A word of one syllable that ends in a single consonant with a single vowel before it, doubles the final consonant when ing, ed, er, est, or y is added ; thus

hit — hitting big — bigger, biggest

rub — rubbing, rubbed mud — muddy

IV. A word of more than one syllable that accents the last syllable, and that ends in a single consonant with a single vowel before it, doubles the final consonant when ing, ed, or er is added ; thus

control — controlling, controlled, controller

THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW

AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS

WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO 50 CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE.

APA 8 im

NOV .^^O 193C

JUL 23 laatt

LD 21-100m-7,'33

y

403322

ITY OF CAUFORNIA LIBRARY

mr }i