r

EUROPEAN FUNGUS FLORA

AGAEICACEAE

^EUROPEAN FUNGUS FLORA

I AGABICACEAEX

GEORGE ^ASSEE, F.L.S.,

PRINCIPAL ASSISTANT (CRYPTOGAMS), ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS,
KEW.

PRESIDENT OF THE QUEKETT MICROSCOPICAL CLUB; CHAIRMAN OF THE MYCOLOGICAL

SECTION OF THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS' UNION; MEMBER OF THE SCOTTISH

CRYPTOGAMIC SOCIETY; MEMBER OF THE NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE;

HON. MEMBER OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

WINDSOR AND ETON SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY, HERTFORDSHIRE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY,
ESSEX FIELD CLUB, AC.

AUTHOR OF A TEXT-BOOK OF PLANT DISEASES; BRITISH FVtf&I ; BRITISH
FVSGVS-FLQRA; A MONOGRAPH OF THE MYXOQASTRES; Ac., AC.

London

DUCKWORTH & CO.

3 HENRIETTA STREET, W.O.

1902

Catnbritge:

PRINTED BY J. AND C. F. CLAY,
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

To my friend Dr M. C. Gooke, to whom in matters
Mycological I cannot sufficiently express my indebtedness ;
I have much pleasure in dedicating this attempt to
introduce to British Mycologists, the Agarics of European

countries.

GEO. MASSES.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Dedication . . . iii

Preface ...... v

Agaricaceae, definition of . . .1

Agaricaceae, definition of sections of . . 1

Leucosporae, analysis of genera ... 1
Abbreviations . ... 3

Chlorosporae, analysis of genera . . .118

Rhodosporae, analysis of genera . . .118

Ochrosporae, analysis of genera . . .138

Melanosporae, analysis of genera . . . 203

Addenda ... . 241

Corrections ...... 244

Bibliography ...... 245

Index 248

PREFACE.

/RESERVATIONS extending over a period of twenty-
^-^ five years, made at Fungus Forays and kindred
meetings where Mycologists assemble together, has led
to the conviction that familiarity with the Fungi and
literature pertaining thereto, of one country only, leads
to a false impression as to the significance of the term
' species.'

It conveys the idea that species are much more
sharply defined than proves to be the case, when the
entire Fungus Flora of Europe is included.

In all large genera common to European countries,
the continental species can be sandwiched between
British species. Even in large genera there are as a
rule not more than eight or ten primary differentiating
specific characters present, and it is the constant correla-
tion of two or three of those primary characters that
constitute a species, as understood at the present day.

If two British species are characterised respectively
by the marks 1, 2, and 3, 4, then we find that two
continental species belonging to the same genus will be
indicated by the characters 1, 3, and 2, 4, respectively.

Primary specific characters should include only those
features that are constant, and not materially modified
by geographical or exceptional local conditions as to
environment, etc., and such alone should constitute a
specific diagnosis. Trivial or local characteristics should
follow the essential diagnosis as a rider.

yj Preface.

With the introduction of characters due to local con-
ditions, a description ceases to be a specific diagnosis
in the proper sense, and is merely a description of a
certain state of a species occurring under a given set of
conditions. Such, however, is too frequently the nature
of so-called specific characters given in local Floras.

A lengthy and laboured description suggests lack of
power to grip essentials on the part of the compiler, and
does not as a rule facilitate the recognition of the species
intended.

The idea of this work is to give the essential characters
of each species as presented by pileus, gills, stem and
spores respectively. This, however, owing to the views
of some authors as to the predominant value of one
feature to the exclusion of others, has not always been
possible, For this reason the species of Britzelmayr are
not included, as his descriptions, even when aided by
what are presumably intended as figures, could not in
many instances be construed into an intelligible diagnosis.

In Cooke and Que'let's Clavis Synoptica Hymeno-
mycetum Europaeorum (1878), 1943 species of Agarics
are recorded as European, and of these 939 are given
as British. The present work includes descriptions of
2750 European species, of which 1553 are British, a
number considerably in excess of that recorded for the
species of any other European country.

The species indicated by brackets have not been re-
corded as British.

G. M.

KKW, June, 1902.

AGARICACEAE, Fries.

Hymenium covering the entire surface of radiating lamellae or
gills. Spores one-celled.

Primary divisions of the Agaricaceae depend on the colour of the
spores as seen in the mass, when deposited on an opaque substance ;
and not as seen under the microscope by transmitted light.

I. LEUCOSPORAE.

Spores white. In some cases with a tinge of yellow or pink. In
some species of Russula the spores are clear ochre, but such species
belong obviously to Russula notwithstanding.

II. CHLOROSPORAE.

Spores clear green or bluish -green.

III. RHODOSPORAE.

Spores salmon-colour or pink.

IV. OCHROSPORAE.
Spores ochraceous or rust-colour.

V. MELANOSPORAE.

Spores black, blackish-brown, or black with a purple tinge.

LEUCOSPORAE.
I. HAPLOPHYLLAE.

Margin of gills acute ; i.e. not longitudinally split or grooved.

* MOLLES. More or less fleshy, soft, and soon decaying
or shrivelling (not corky, woody, or rigid).

f Ring, or volva, or both present, or gills free.

Amanita. Volva and ring present. Gills usually free, rarely
adnexed or adnate. (Volva sometimes not evident round base of
stem, but loose patches on pileus prove its presence.)

Amanitopsis. Volva present, ring absent; gills free.

2 Agaricaceae.

Lepiota. Ring present, volva absent; gills free (In some sp.
the ring ; is imperfect and in a few the gills are slightly attached.)
Hiatula. Gills free; volva and ring absent.
Annillaria. Ring present, volva absent; gills attached.

ft Gills adnexed or adnate; ring and volva absent

Tricholoma. Gills sinuate ; stem fleshy.

Eussula. Pileus fleshy; gills very rigid, brittle.

Mycena. Pileus slender, campanulate, usually striate, margin
straight and adpressed to stem when young.

Collybia. Pileus rather fleshy, more or less plane, margin
incurved when young; stem cartilaginous outside.

Marasmius. Tough, drying up and reviving when moistened;
gills often connected by veins.

decurrent.

Lactarius. Gills and flesh exuding milk when broken. (In
some sp. the gills are adnate.)

Hygrophorus. Gills thick at the base, edge acute, rather waxy,
often branched; pileus often hygrophanous. (In some sp. the gills
are adnate or even free.)

Clitocybe. Gills thin, pliant, sometimes powdered with the
spores; stem fibrous outside.

Omphalia. Gills thin, pliant, stem cartilaginous outside.

Pleurotus. Growing on wood. Stem lateral or excentric when
present.

Cantharellus. Gills narrow, edge thick, rather waxy, forking.

Arrhenia. Gills reduced to very slight wrinkles or veins.

Nyctalis. Gills thick, edge blunt. Parasitic on fungi, or among
dead leaves, &c.

* * TENACES. Coriaceous, corky, or woody, persistent,
rigid when dry.

Lentinus. Pileus coriaceous; gills decurrent, edge toothed or
eroded.

Panus. Pileus coriaceous; gills decurrent, edge quite entire.

Xerotus. Pileus coriaceous; gills forking, edge thick.

Lenzites. Horizontal, sessile, woody or corky; gills radiating
from behind.

II. SCHIZOPHYLLAE.
Margin of gills split open.

Trogia. Gills resembling folds or wrinkles, edge grooved. (In
the only European species the edge of gills not grooved.)

Schizophyllum. Margin of gills split, the split portions rolling
outwards.

Amanita.

ABBREVIATIONS USED.

Cm. = centimetres ; compr. = compressed ; decur. = decurrent ;
depr. = depressed ; exp. = expanded ; g. = gills ; hygr. = hygrppha-
nous ; infundib. = infundibulirorm ; mm. = millimetres ; p. = pileus ;
s. = stem ; sp. = spores ; umb. = umbonate ; umbil. = umbilicate.

The measurement given of the stem is that of its average length ;
that of the pileus, its average breadth when expanded. The measure-
ment of the spores is given in micro-millimetres, usually indicated by
the Greek letter /*.

AMANITA, Fries.

* Margin of volva free, persistent.

f Pileus red or deep orange.

[caesarea, Scop. P. hemispherical then exp. orange or red, edge
striate, flesh yellowish ; g. yellow ; s. stout, yellow, ring and volva
lax ; sp. 8—10 x 6. Edible.

f f Pileus white, sometimes tinged yellow or green.

virosa, Fr. Entirely white. P. 8 — 11 cm. conical, then ex-
panded; viscid when moist; g. free, crowded ; s. 10 — 12 cm. slightly
thinner upwards, squamulose, ring near apex, torn, volva large, lax ;
sp. subglobose, 8 — 10. Poisonous.

phalloides, Fr. P. 7 — 10cm. viscid, obtuse, white, tinted yellow
or greenish ; g. free, white ; s. 7 — 10 cm. white, tapering upwards,
bulbous, ring large, volva large, margin irreg. free ; sp. subglobose,
7 — 8. Poisonous.

mappa, Fr. Smell strong. P. 6—9 cm. convex then expanded,
dry, white or yellowish, usually with patches of the volva ; g. adnexed,
white ; s. 5 — 8 cm. white, bulbous, ring torn, volva without a large,
free margin ; sp. subglobose, 7 — 9. Poisonous.

Differs from A. phalloides in shorter equal stem.

[ovoidea, Bull. White. P. silky, margin incurved, even ; s. squa-
mulose.

[coccola, Scop. White; margin of p. incurved, sulcate; s.
villose ; sp. 1 1 — 12 x 8.

[lepiotoides, Barla. At first entirely closed in brown volva.
P. exp. edge striate, squamulose, whitish, cuticle broken into greyish
tawny areolae or scales ; g. broad, whitish, brownish when bruised ;
s. yellowish-white, squamulose, ring thin, fugacious.

ttt Pileus yellow, sometimes tinged red.

[junquillea, Q. P. pale orange or lemon yellow, viscid, deeply
striate; g. adnexed; s. and fugacious ring yellowish-white, base
ovoid-bulbous, volva circumscissile.

1—2

4 Amanita.

rvernalis, Gillet. P. exp. pale dingy yellow with tinge of red,
with Scattered white scales; g. free, white, broadest in front; s.
white, squaniulose below the ring, base bulbous, volva ample margin

fr%tena,eaOtth3Pr Pg conical, exp. yellow or yellowish ochre edge
invol slightly striate, disc papillose, viscid, usually with broad
scattered scales ; g. white, crowded ; s. rather narrowed upwards,
base bulbous, ring thin, white, volva membranous.

fttt P^eus Brownish or grey.

[porphyria, A. & S. P. brownish or with a violet tinge ; g.
adnexed ; s. slender, ring distant brownish ; sp. 8 — 10.

recutita, Fr. P. 6—9 cm. soon expanded, dry, glabrous, frag-
ments of volva present as a rule, grey or brownish ; g. forming lines
down the stem ; s. narrowed upwards, silky, white, ring distant,
white, edge of volva not free ; sp. — .

Differs from A. porphyria in ring not being tinged brown.
' " [cinerea, Bresad. Small. P. conico-campan. edge striate, livid-
grey; g. free, crowded, white, edge fimbriate ; s. equal, almost
glabrous, partly hollow, colour of p., ring apical, persistent, white ;
volva free, sheathing, limb lobed, whitish; sp. 10—12 x 8.

* * Volva without a free loose margin, or almost
obsolete.

f Pileus red, reddish-brown or dingy brown.

muscaria, Fr. P. 12 — 18 cm. soon plane, striate, viscid, scarlet
or orange with white patches ; gills forming lines down the stem,
white; 8. 10—14 cm. stout, white, ring lax, volva broken up into
concentric ridges ; sp. 8 x 5. Poisonous.

var. regalis, Fr. Large. P. liver-colour.

var. formosa, Pers. P. yellow or tawny orange, scales usually
absent ; s. elongated, yellowish.

var. umbrina, Viv. P. umber or livid, disc fuscous ; s. hollow.
A slender form.

rubescens, Fr. P. 8—12 cm. convex then expanded, dingy red-
brown, sprinkled with small pale warts, flesh brownish when broken ;
g. whitish, forming lines down the stem ; s. 7 — 10 cm. stout, narrowed
upwards, squaniulose, whitish, ring large, bulbous base concentrically
grooved ; sp. 8 x 6. Edible.

[roseola, Steinh. P. exp. rosy, with rosy mealy warts or naked,
flesh rosy; g. crowded, adnexed, white; s. cylindrical, somewhat
bulbous, with rufous squamules below ring, volva obsolete ; sp. 8 — 9
x5— 6.

[Eliae, Q. P. reddish- lilac, margin sulcate ; g. adnexed ; s. white,
striate, volva obsolete ; sp. 11 long.

magnifica, Fr. P. 8 — 12 cm. soon almost plane, striate, reddish-

Amanita. 5

brown or bay, with mealy patches, flesh reddish ; g. slightly decur-
rent; s. 10 — 14 cm. bulbous, nearly equal, scaly and coloured like
pileus up to the large ring ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5.

Very close to Armillaria.

megalodactyla, Berk. Strong scented. P. 5—8 cm. soon ex-
panded, subgibbous, reddish-grey ; g. free, becoming tinged red ;
s. 8 — 12 cm. rather bulbous, fibrillose, white, ring large ; sp. 5x3.

aspera, Fr. P. 6—8 cm. soon plane, dusky olive, livid, or brown-
ish, with small, crowded, angular warts, flesh reddish under the
cuticle ; g. free ; s. 5 — 8 cm. white, squamulose, bulb rugulose, ring
entire : sp. 8 x 6.

var. Francheti, Boud. P. pale yellowish-green with golden warts ;
sp. 10 x 8.

excelsa, Fr. P. 9 — 12 cm. soon plane, viscid, brownish-grey,
warts greyish, soon disappearing; g. free, white; s. 10 — 12 cm.
squamose up to the imperfect ring, and base bulbous, no free edge to
volva ; sp. 8 — 9 x 5 — 6. Poisonous.

pantherina, Fr. P. 7 — 10 cm. soon plane, viscid, striate, yellow-
brown, grey, or whitish, with flat mealy warts ; g. free but close to
stem, white; s. 10 — 14 cm. bulbous, whitish, silky, ring distant,
extreme edge of volva free, sp. 8x5.

[valida, Fr. P. dark, with mucronate dark pointed warts ; g.
running down stem in lines.

spissa, Fr. P. 7 — 10 cm. soon plane, umber or grey with small
grey warts, flesh persistently white ; g. running in lines down stem,
white; s. 6 — 8 cm. white, bulbous, slightly rooting, concentrically
cracked or squamulose, ring large ; sp. 9 — 10 x 6.

ff Pileus clear yellow or orange.

aureola, Kalchb. P. 7 — 10 cm. soon plane, orange or golden,
viscid, naked ; g. free ; s. 8—12 cm. slender, white, floccosely-squa-
mulose, ring sup. volva marginate ; sp. - .

citrina, Gon. & Rab. P. convex, obtuse, 8 — 12 cm. bright yellow
with white patches ; g. white, broad, free ; s. 10 — 12 cm. long, stout,
white, volva imperfect, ring large ; sp. globose, warted, 6 — 7.

[amici, Gill. P. conical, then obtusely umb., striate, slightly
viscid, yellowish ochre, disc brownish and covered with large irreg.
greyish persistent patches; g. free, ventricose, narrowed at both
ends ; s. hollow, bulbous, ring small inf., no free edge to volva.

f ~j" f -P*Zetw whitish or greyish.

nitida, Fr. P. 8—10 cm. hemispherical, whitish, with thick,
angular, brownish warts; g. free, crowded; s. 7—9 cm. conical,
bulbous, squamulose, white, ring torn ; sp. — .

solitaria. Bull. 8 — 12 cm. soon plane, whitish or tinged rufous,
warts angular, small, tloccose, easily removed ; g. white, broad,
narrowed behind and adnexed; s. 7 — 10 cm. with imbricated scales

Q Amanita—Amanitopsis.

below, ring torn, base swollen, rooting, volva marginate ; sp. 7—12

X5edlinocephala, Vitt. White. P. convex then plane, shining,
bristling with acute, deciduous pyramidal warts ; g. adnexed ; s.
solid scaly, base bulbous, rooting, ring distant ; sp. 10 diain.

[Persoonii, Fr. P. greyish-white, margin even ; g. free ; s. solid,
nearly equal, rooting. ,

[arida, Fr. P. soon plane, grey, margin sulcate ; g. adnexed ; s.
subglabrous, ring distant, volva absent.

strobiliformis, Vitt. P. 10—20 cm. convex then expanded,
white, grey, or dingy ochre, with large pyramidal hard warts ; g.
free ; s floccosely scaly, bulbous, ring large, torn, volva forming con-
ceutric rings ; sp. 13—14x8—9.

[cariosa, Fr. P. soft, even, umber or dark grey, with mealy
patches ; g. adnate ; s. equal throughout ; sp. 10 long.

AMANITOPSIS, Roze.
* Pileus coloured.

vaginata, Bull. P. 6—10 cm. plane, margin striate, grey, yellow,
brown, or white ; g. pallid ; s. 10—12 cm. narrowed upwards,
minutely squamulose, volva large, margin free ; sp. 10 x 7 — 8.

The grey form is edible, the brown form is unpalatable.

strangulata, Fr. P. 8 — 10 cm. soon plane, livid-bay or grey,
with patches of the volva, margin striate : g. free, white ; s. 10—14
cm. stout, thinner upwards, pale, volva breaking up and forming 2 — 4
ring-like ridges on the stem ; sp. 9 — 15 x 7.

Perhaps a vigorous form of A. vaginata.

[urceolata, Viv. P. thin, hemispher. then slightly depr. umb.
viscid, mouse-colour, edge striate ; g. adnate, shining white ; s. white,
even, naked, volva urceolate.

[friabilis, Karst. P. exp. thin, rather viscid, greyish, edge
sulcate, with broad crowded warts or scales; g. free, white, edge
darker, crenulate ; s. conical, everywhere floccosely scaly, white or
greyish ; volva broken up into fragments ; sp. glob. 11 — 12.

Differs from A. vaginata in smaller size and imperfect volva.

[praetoria, Paul. P. thin, campan. then exp. naked, pectinately
sulcate, maroon or brownish ; g. annulato-adnexed ; s. ventricose,
volva large, lax.

lenticularis, Fr. P. 7 — 10 cm. globose, then convex, even, naked,
reddish-tan ; g. free, crowded, pallid ; s. 10—14 cm. subbulbous,
white, ring large ; sp. — .

[Godeyi, Gillet. P. pale honey-colour, naked, striate ; g. free,
crowded ; s. cylind., volva large, torn ; sp. 15 — 18 long.

[scobinella, Trog. P. exp. fuscescent, pellicle broken up into
minute, deciduous, darker wart-like squamules, near margin even
and silky ; g. white ; s. conical, base white-squamulose.

Amanitopsis — Lepiota. 7

[gemmata, Paul. Exp. vermilion with angular warts; g. pure
white ; s. solid, bulbous, whitish, no distinct vulva.

adnata, W. G. Sm. P. 6—8 cm yellowish-buff with patches of
the volva ; g. adnate, crowded, white ; s. 5 — 9 cm. fibrillose, buff,
volva almost obsolete ; sp. subglobose, 7 — 8.

[insidiosa, Letell. P. exp. even, glabrous, lurid, greenish-olive,
&c. ; g. free, white ; s. solid, slightly thinner upwards, edge of volva
free ; sp. — .

Differs from A. baccata in even p. and free margin of volva.
Fries suggests A. phattoides without the ring.

[Bresadolae, Sacc. Volva subglobose, not sheathing, edi?e
stellate, tinged brown ; p. exp. glabrous, whitish, often with angular
umber warts ; g. almost free, whitish ; s. cj'lindr. whitish ; sp. subg.
6—7.

Superficially resembles Volvaria parvula.

* * Pileus white.

[leiocephala, D. C. Shining white. P. convex then plane, silky,
edge even ; g. free ; s. solid, short, firm, volva very large, lax.

[cygnea, Schulz. White. P. soon plane ; g. attenuato-adnexed;
s. clothed with adnate patches above the ample sheathing volva.

[hyperborea, Karst. ( = Ag. gemmatus var. lapponicus Karst.).
Entirely white. P. thin, convex, exp. covered with angular warts,
edge pectinato-sulcate; g. free, shining white ; s. bulbous, attenuated
upwards, ring absent ; sp. glob. 10 — 14.

Perhaps a var. of A. vaginatus.

[leccina, Scop. P. exp. obtuse, naked, whitish or yellowish, edge
even ; g. adnate ; s. equal, edge of ring reddish ; sp. 10 x 6.

[baccata, Fr. P. white, covered with globose warts ; g. free ;
s. equal, volva obtusely margin ate ; sp. 11x7.

[Boudieri, Barla. P. globose then exp. or depr., satiny, white,
disc tinged, warted, edge even ; g. broad, white then tinged yellow,
subadnexed ; s. long, subcylindrical, white and scurfy at apex, rest
yellowish-white, bulb turbinate, volva obliterated, brownish, ring
thin, caducous ; sp. ellipsoid, elongated.

Differs from A. baccata in longer sp.

LEPIOTA, Fr.

A. Epidermis dry.

* Ring free, distinct from the volva.

procera, Scop. P. soon expanded, umbonate, with brownish
scales, 10 — 25 cm. ; g. free, crowded ; s. 12 — 20 cm., base thickened,
brownish, transversely cracked, ring free ; sp. 12 — 15 x 8 — 9. Edible.

rachodes, Vitt P. 10 — 18 cm. soon expanded, not umbonate,

8 Lepiota.

with brown scales, flesh brownish when broken ; gills free ; s. white,
not cracked, 12—15 cm., ring free ; sp. 14x8. Edible.

Differs from L. procera in the flesh turning brown when cut.

var. puellaris, Fr. Small, entirely white, stem flocculose.

[Olivieri, Baria. P. convex, then exp. or depr., whitish tinged
fawn at disc, covered with fawn adpr. fibrillose scales ; g. broad, free
yellowish-white; s. whitish, base swollen, ring cottony, caducous;
flesh white, brick-red then brownish when broken.

Allied to L. rachodes with which it agrees in size.

prominens, Viv. P. 4—6 cm., umbo very strong, ochraceous,
scaly; g. white; s. 9 — 15 cm. slender, base swollen, ring free;
sp. 10x8.

permixta, Barla. P. convex, more or less umb. campan. then
exp. silky, greyish fawn, centre darker, with adpr. brown scales and
becoming deprived of cuticle at edge ; g. pale wax or tinged red ; s.
cylindr. dingy white cracked into brown adpr. scales, base swollen,
ring brownish ; flesh reddish when broken.

Resembles L. procera in size and marking of s. ; L. rachodes in
flesh becoming red ; and L. excoriata in having border deprived of
cuticle.

[molybdites, Mey. P. globose then campan. broken into crusta-
ceous scales up to middle; g. remote, white then tinged blue; s.
hollow, blackish- brown, bulbous, ring equal.

An introduced species.

excoriata, Schaeff. P. globose then plane, 5—8 cm. bistre or
whitish, silky or squamulose ; g. free ; s. cylindrical, white, 5 — 8 cm.
hollow, ring free ; sp. 14—15 x 8 — 9.

L. naucina differs in the fragmentary ring.

[carneifolia, Gill. P. fleshy, exp. brown or purple brown, glabrous
then minutely broken up into fascicles of fibrils ; g. fleshy, crowded,
distant from s. ; s. white, fibrillose, thickened at base, ring large
soon free.

densifolia, GilL P. obtuse, white, soon broken up into adpressed
nbrillose scales ; g. closely crowded, thin, white, broadest in front ; s.
white, shining, ring free.

gracilenta, Kromb. P. soon expanded, obtusely umbonate,
5—8 cm., brown patches on white ground; g. free, broad- s
thickened at base, 12—16 cm., white, ring floccose, disappearing; sp.
10 — 1 1 x 7*5,

Differs from L. procera in smaller size and more especially in the
iugacious ring. L. prominens differs in very large umbo and perma-
nent, free ring.

mastoidea, Fr. Entirely whitish. P. 3-5 cm. with small
disappearing warts; g. free; s. narrow up from bulbous base,
5 — 8 cm., ring free ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5.

Like L'

Lepiota.

** Ring fixed, homogeneous with the universal veil
clothing the stem.

Friesii, Lasch. P. 8 — 12 cm. expanded, suburab. with adpressed,
tomentose brown scales ; g. free, crowded ; s. 8 — 12 cm. subbulbous,
scaly, brownish, ring pendulous ; sp. 8 — 9 x 5.

acutesquamosa, Weinm. P. 9 — 12 cm. convex, obtuse, pale
rusty with numerous small pointed warts ; g. free, crowded ; s.
8 — 10 cm. narrowed from swollen base, white with rusty scales
below, ring large ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

Differs from L. Friesii in rigid deciduous warts, and broad gills
very close to stem.

Badhami, Berk. P. 5—8 cm. expanded, obtuse, squamulose,
dark brown, cracked into patches, flesh like that of stem saffron-red
when broken ; g. free ; s. 6 — 8 cm. bulbous, whitish, ring rather
loose ; sp 5 x 3.

emplastra, Cke. and Mass. P. 5—8 cm. convex, glabrous, dark
brown, cracked and showing white ground; g. free; s. 7 — 9 cm.
whitish, ring brown outside ; sp. 18 — 20 x 10 — 12.

Differs from L. Badhami in glabrous pileus and larger spores.

meleagris. Sow. P. 2 — 4 cm. soon plane, minute black scales on
a pale ground, flesh becoming red ; g. free'; s. 3 — 6 cm., with blackish
squamules, stuffed, ring obsolete ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

biornata, B. and lir. P. 2—4 cm. convex, white tinged yellow,
sprinkled with red scales ; g. free ; s. 6 — 9 cm. long, ventricose, white
spotted red as is also the ring ; sp. 8 — 9 x 6.

hispida, Lasch. P. 5—7 cm. soon expanded, umb. tawny-brown,
tomentose then hispid; g. free, crowded; s. 5 — 7 cm. floccoseiy-
scaly up to ring, tawny ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

[lignicola, Karat. P. exp. whitish- or yellowish-rusty, with
innate, erect, rusty concentric scales, edge fibrillose ; g. crowded,
free, edge crenulate; s. curved, rusty, squamulose up to obsolete
ring ; sp. 4 — 5 x 3 — 4.

Superficially resembles Phol. squarrosa.

[helveola, Bres. P. exp. umb. scaly, reddish brown ; g. free,
ventricose, white ; s. white then fawn, ring white. Poisonous.

[Boudieri, Bres. Subcaespitose. P. campan. exp. fawn, with
minute darker scales ; g. densely crowded, white, edge purple prim-
rose ; s. bulbillose, brownish and fibrillose up to ring ; sp. 8—9 x 3'5.

[ignicolor. Bres. P. conico-campan. subexp. umb. squamulose or
fibrillose then almost glabrous, dry, fiery tawny ; g. yellowish, edge
tawny ; s. colour of p., base somewhat rooting with bright tawny
fibrils ; ring evanescent ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4'5 — 5.

[castanea, Q. P. umb. squamulose, brown ; s. and ring white
with tawny flecks.

[echinella, Q. and Bern. Smell like radishes. P. camp, then
convex and umb. bay, bristling with brown pyramidal hairs ; g. free,

10 Lepiota.

pallid, tinged red ; s. rosy, blackish scales below silky ring, pale
above.

Much more slender than L. hispida.

[Morieri, Gill. P exp. umb. white, shining, covered with reddish
scales, umbo smooth, edge appendiculate : g. white, edge denticulate ;
s. fibrillose, white, shining, ring ample.

clypeolaria, Bull. 5 — 8 cm. campaa, at first incrusted, umb.
tawny, remainder with brownish scales ; g. free ; s. 6 — 8 cm., fibril-
losely squamulose up to ring, striate above ; sp. 6 x 4.

Differs from L. hispida in pileus not being tomentose, and paler
colour. From L. cristata by squamulose stem.

fbrunneoincarnata, Chod. and Mart. P. subglobose then
cam pan. -conic and umb. with scattered rufescent scales ; g. free,
white ; s. fistulose, equal, colour of p.

[Forquignoni, Q. P. white, silky, umbo olive ; g. becoming
rosy ; s. white.

felina, Pers. P. 2 — 3 cm. camp, expanded, umbo black, rest
with concentric black scales on a white ground ; g. free ; s. 3 — 5 cm.,
white, sometimes with black specks ; sp. 10x5.

metulaespora, B. and Br. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. then expanded,
margin coarsely striate, whitish-yellow with pale squamules ; g.
almost free ; s. 4 — 6 cm., pale lemon yellow inside and out ; sp.
fusiform, 15 — 16x6.

cristata, A. and S. P. 2 — 4 cm. soon expanded, reddish-brown
cuticle at first continuous, then broken up into concentric scales on a
whitish ground ; g. free ; s. 4 — 6 cm., whitish, fibrillose ; sp. 7 x 4.

Differs from L. clypeolaria in stem not being squamulose.

[lilacea, Bres. P. convex-campan. exp. depr. sometimes umb.
purple-lilac then pale and broken up into fuscous squamules ;
g. free, white ; s. fibrillosely scurfy, then almost glabrous, whitish
then pinkish lilac, ring inf. persistent blackish violet underneath;
sp. 4—5 x 2—2'5.

Differs from Lepiota cristata in absence of smell, a feature which
also separates it from L. Bucknallii.

nigro-marginata, Mass. P. 3—5 cm. soon expanded, buff with
small, brown, concentric scales ; g. narrow, pallid ; s. 5 — 6 cm.
slender, smooth, buff, peronate up to distant ring ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

[Magnusiana, P. Henn. P. cylindrico-campan. then exp. papil-
lately scaly, white, centre yellowish with age, edge striate ; g. free,
crowded, lanceolate, white then reddish ; s. equal, white then reddish,
ring membranaceo-flocculose ; sp. 7 — 11 x 6 — 8.

erminea, Fr. White. P. 4 — 7 cm., camp, then expanded, even,
glabrous, then silky towards margin; g. free; s. 5 — 7 cm. fibrillose-
sp. 11—12x4—5.

micropholis, B. and Br. P. 1—1-5 cm., soon plane, white with
minute radiating blackish squamules ; g. free ; s. 2 — 2'5 cm., white
ring spreading ; sp. 5 x 3.

citriophyUa, B. and Br. P. 1-5—2 cm. expanded, umb. lemon

Lepiota. 11

yellow with rufous squamules; g. free, lemon yellow; s. 2 — 4 cm.
squamulose, yellow ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

Differs from L. amianthina by free gills and white flesh ; and
from L. metulaespnra in squamulose stem.

atro-crocea, W. G. Sm. P. 2'3 cm. soon plane, margin often
lobed, deep orange, covered with purple-brown fibrils; g. slightly
attached, tinged yellow ; s. 2 — 3 cm. orange ; sp. — .

* * * Ring superior, fixed, subpersistent ; universal
veil adnate to the pileus.

Vittadinii, Fr. P. 6 — 10 cm. expanded, obtuse, whitish, densely
covered with small erect warts ; g. free, with a greenish tinge ;
s. 5 — 8 cm. with concentric scales up to large ring, whitish or scales
tipped red ; sp. - .

Differs from L. nympharum in solid stem and superior ring.

[strobiliformis, Gill. P. convex, edge irreg. covered with strong
brown, angular and pyramidal warts ; g. closely crowded, narrow ; s.
cylindrical, stout, whitish, ring membranous.

[furnacea, Let. P. white with a black cortex splitting radially ;
s. white with concentric black scales.

nymphanun, Kalchb. P. 6—9 cm. soon expanded, umb. often
tinged brown, rest white with overlapping scales ; g. free ; s. white,
hollow, glabrous ; sp. globose.

[colubrina, Kromb. P. convex, obtuse, tinged fuscous, covered
with tomentose imbricated scales ; g. white ; s. solid, very long, ring
distant.

holosericea, Fr. Very soft. P. 6—9 cm. soon plane, obtuse,
floccose, whitish or tinge of tan ; g. free ; s. 5— 9 cm. bulbous, whitish,
silky, ring large ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5.

naucina, Fr. White. P. 5 — 10 cm. globose then plane, subumb.
glabrous then breaking up into granules ; g. free ; s. 4 — 5 cm. taper-
ing to thickened base, fibrillose, ring sup. thin, disappearing; sp.
subq. 6 — 7.

Differs from L. excoriatia in the ephemeral ring.

leucothites, Vitt. P. 5—10 cm. subumbonate, white, disc tinged
brown, silky then squamulose ; g. white then pink ; s. 7 — 12 cm. white,
smooth, bulbous, ring large, persistent ; sp. hyaline, 9x7.

[rorulenta, Paniz. Tufted. P. whitish, campan. umb. sulcate,
softly granulato-squamulose ; g. closely crowded, tinged rosy ; s.
slender, elongated, base thickened.

cepaestipes, Sow. Yellow. P. 2—5 cm. expanded, umb., scaly,
margin plicate ; g. free ; s. swollen below, 7 — 12 cm. floccose ; sp.
7—8 x 4.

There is a white form.

[medioflava, Boud. P. exp. striate, snow-white, very minutely
silky tomentose, centre depr. but the prominent umbo yellowish ;

12 Lepiota.

s free white; s. fistulose, white, minutely scurfy above median
reflexed ring, thickened base often yellowish ; sp. 5—6 x 3.

licmophora, B. and Br. Pale yellow. P. 2—3 cm. glabrous,
coarsely grooved; g. free; s. 3—5 cm. thicker below, smooth;
sp. 9—10x5.

Differs from L. cepaestipes in glabrous pileus.

[Brebissoni, Godey. P. exp. subumb. very thin, striate to middle,
brownish, paler towards edge, with brown scales at centre and paler
ones at margin ; g. distant, edge toothed ; s. swollen below, silvery
white, pruinose above the ring.

Resembles some sp. of Coprinus in transparency and fragility.

[Schulzeri, Kalchbr. White. P. convex then exp. umb. even,
glabrous ; g. free, remote, narrowed behind ; s. hollow, narrowed
from a subbulbous base, naked, ring median, small.

[straminella, Bagl. Entirely straw-colour. P. obtuse, sulcate,
with glutinous mealy flecks ; g. attached to ring behind, s. floccose,
bulbous.

* * * * Pileus granular or warted. Universal veil of
pileus and stem at first continuous, on rupturing,
forming an inferior ring.

cinnabarina. A. and S. P. 4 — 7 cm. obtuse, more or less gibbous,
scurfy, persistently brick-red ; g. free ; s. 3 — 5 cm. with red scales up
to imperfect ring ; sp. 6 — 7 x 5.

var. Terreyi, B. and Br. P. subglobose, bright tawny red, rough
with warts.

Differs from L. granidosa by larger size and persistently red
pileus.

carcharias, Pers. Smell strong. P. 2 — 4 cm. soon plane,
subumb. pale flesh colour or yellowish-pink, granular; g. adnexed,
white ; s. 3 — 4 cm. granular and coloured like pileus up to ring ;
sp. — .

var. Terrei, B. and Br. P. orange-red, convex ; s. nearly equal ;
g. broad, ventricose.

[tuberculata, Brig. P. globoso-exp. cuticle thick, breaking into
tubercles, pale tan ; g. white ; s. subbulbous, fibrillose.

[venusta, Bagl. P. convex, edge very thin, crenulate, sulcate,
cuticle tawny cracking in the centre ; g. adnexed by a tooth ; s. solid,
thickened upwards, peronate half way up.

[Pauletii, Fr. P. exp. bristling with spines, brownish; g.
crowded ; s. short, white.

granulosa, Batsch. P. 2 — 3 cm. expanded, obtusely umb. scurfy
or granular, rusty or brownish-orange, pale and hoary when dry ;
s. 3 — 5 cm. floccosely scaly and coloured like pileus up to ring ;
sp. — .

Pileus often wrinkled, sometimes pale.

Lepiota. 13

var. rufescens, B. and Br. Entirely white, becoming rufous when
dry.

L. amianthina differs in adnate gills and yellow flesh of stein.
Differs from L. carcharia in absence of unpleasant smell.

amianthina, Scop. P. 2— 2'5 cm. soon plane and subumb.
granular, ochraceous, flesh yellow ; g. adnate, yellowish ; s. 3 — 5 cm.
squamulose up to ring, flesh yellow; sp. — .

var. Broadwoodiae, B. and Br. P. yellow ; g. white.

polysticta, Berk. P. 2 — 3 cm. soon expanded, reddish or yellow-
brown broken up into minute scales ; g. free, yellowish ; s. 2—4 cm.
scaly and coloured like pileus up to ring; sp. — .

***** Cuticle of pileus dry, entire, not granular nor
scaly ; small, slender.

parvannulata, Lasch. P. 1 — 1-5 cm. expanded, subumb. silky,
white or tinged yellow ; g. free, crowded ; s. 3 — 5 cm. white, fibrillose
up to distant small spreading ring ; sp. 4 x 2'5.

L. erminea differs in superior, torn ring, glabrous pileus, and
radishy smell.

sistrata, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. expanded, whitish, disc often tinged
yellow or reddish, pruinose with glistening particles ; g. nearly free,
crowded ; s. 3 — 5 cm. white, silky, ring fibrillose ; sp. — .

L. seminuda differs in mealy stem, and L. mesomorpha in
glabrous pileus and stem, and entire ring.

seminuda, Lasch. P. 2 — 3 cm. expanded, umbpnate, whitish
or tinged fleshcolour, mealy then naked ; g. reaching the stem ;
s. 3 — 4cm. whitish, mealy, ring small, superior; sp. 5x3.

L. sistrata differs in fibrillose stem and pileus covered with
glistening particles.

Bucknallii, B. and Br. P. 1— 2cm. convex, white with violet
powder; g. reaching stem; s. 3 — 5cm. white with violet powder;
sp. 7x3.

Smell strong, like gas-tar.

ianthina, Cke. P. 2 cm. expanded, umb. whitish, disc violet,
fibrillose ; g. free ; s. 2 — 3 cm. wavy, white, ring distant, disappearing ;
sp. — .

mesomorpha, Bull. P. about T5 cm. expanded, subumb. pale
brown or yellowish, even, glabrous ; g. free ; s. 3 — 4 cm. pale,
glabrous, ring superior; sp. - .

[denudata, Rab. P. campan.-exp. pale sulphur, very thin,
floccosely scurfy then naked; g. ventricose; s. subequal, with a
minute very fugacious ring.

[serena, Fr. White. P. campan. glabrous; s. slender, subbulbous,
ring thin, deciduous.

martialis, Cke. and Mass. P. 2—3. cm. soon plane, deep rose ;
g. free ; s. 3 — 4 cm. pink up to broad ring ; sp. 8 x 4.

14 Lepiota — Hiatula — Armillaria,

B. Cuticle ofpileus viscid, not broken up.

[demisannulata, Seer. P. thin, umb. even; g. free, crowded,
white ; s. nearly equal, with black fibrils, ring pendulous.

medullata, Fr. White. P. 3 — 5cm. soon expanded, glabrous,
viscid, veil in fragments at margin ; g. free ; s. 5 — 8 cm. dry, obso-
letely sqnamulose below, ring torn ; sp. — .

Differs from L. illinita in dry stem.

glioderma, Fr. P. 2"5 — 5 cm. campan. then convex, even, viscid
reddish-bay ; g. free ; s. 5 — 8 cm. dry, whitish, densely squamulose
up to torn ring ; sp. — .

delicata, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex then plane, even, viscid,
granular, rufescent or yellowish ; g. free ; s. 2 — 3 cm. ; s. dry,
whitish floccosely squamulose up to ring ; sp. — .

Differs from Z. glioderma in p. not being campanulate, and stem
floccose, not squamose.

illinita, Fr. P. 4—7 cm. white or tinged tan, subumb. glabrous,
viscid ; g. free ; s. 5 — 7 cm. white, glutinous, ring obsolete ; sp. — .
Distinct from all species by glutinous stem.

(pingua, Fr. P. white or greyish, viscid, as is also the ring;
s. short, dry.

[inoculata, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, honey colour, even, viscid;
g. crowded, broad ; s. abruptly vaginate by the veil.

Georginae, W. G. 8m. White. P. l-5—2'5 cm. mealy, viscid,
changing to crimson when touched, as do also the gills and stem.

[HIATULA, Fr.

[Wynniae, B. and Br. P. 2 — 3cm. membranaceous, splitting
along back of gills, pale; g. rather distant, white; st. 2 — 3 cm.
hollow.

Introduced from Queensland. Phosphorescent.

ARMILLARIA, Fr.

* Gills sinuate, adnexed.

bulbigera, A. and S. P. 7—10 cm. brownish, dry, fibrillose near
margin; g. emarginate; s. marginately bulbous, pale, ring soon
disappearing ; sp. 7—10 x 5.

[phoenicea, Weinm. P. exp. glabrous, viscid, red ; g. free,
shining white; s. bulbous, with red fibrils, ring fugacious.

focalis, Fr. P. 7—12 cm. reddish-tawny, silky, obtuse ; g. almost
free ; s. 7 — 9 cm. equal, fibrillose, ring median ; sp. — .

var. goliath, Fr. Larger than type, s. rooting, ring almost

robusta, A. and S. P. 6—8 cm. dry, rufous-bay, flesh thick ; g.

Armillaria. 15

nearly free ; s. 3 — 5 cm. stout, base narrowed, brownish floccose up to
ring, white above ; sp. — .

Differs from A. aurantia in deeply emarginate, broad, whitish
gills.

[sauamea, Barla. Smell like cucumber. P. convex then exp.
reddish cinnamon, covered with brown-red scales; edge incurved;
g. broad, subdecur. whitish tinged red ; s. subventricose with a long
tapering base, reddish-brown and scaly up to torn ring, white above ;
flesh- white, saffron when broken.

Allied to Armitt. robusta but larger.

[Caussetta, Barla. Smell like cucumber. P. exp. depr. dry, silky,
squamulose at centre, rather viscid when moist, brick-red, edge
incurved then spreading ; g. broad, pale or tinged red ; s. stout,
narrowed at base, fibrillose and reddish up to ring, white above;
flesh white, reddish when broken.

[caligata, Viv. Smell strong. P. exp. tawny, spotted with
adpressed silky scales ; g. emarginate ; s. solid, with brownish con-
centric scales below the membranous persistent ring.

[megalopoda. Bres. Smell strong. P. convex, exp. or depr. even,
glabrous, rather viscid, chestnut ; g. crowded, whitish then straw-
colour ; s. brownish-squanmlose up to median ring, white above;
sp. glob. 5—6.

[luteovirens, A. and S. All except white squamulose stem
straw-colour ; p. torn into squamules, greenish when mature ; ring
imperfect.

aurantia, Schaeff. P. 5 — 8 cm. rusty orange ; g. adnexed ;
s. &— 8 cm. stout, orange and concentrically squamose up to ring,
white above ; sp. - .

[dehiscens, Viv. P. hemispher. then depr. yellowish ochre; g.
adnexo-decur., broad ; s. cylindric, scaly, viscid, ring very narrow,
persistent.

ramentacea, Bull P. 5 — 8 cm., obtuse, whitish or yellowish
with darker squamules ; g. adnexed becoming free ; s. 3 — 5 cm. with
brown squamules up to the oblique fugitive ring; sp. - .

[Ambrosii, Bres. P. convex, exp. dry, soft, floccosely-downy,
snow-white, edge append. ; g. white ; s. even above ring, floccose
below, white ; ring inferior, torn, deciduous, sp. 4 — 5 x 2'5.

[cingulata, Fr. P. thin umb. greyish brown, squamosely fibril-
lose ; g. greyish white ; s. even, ring median.

[scruposa, Paulet. P. exp. glabrous, rough with contorted
ridges, subfuscous ; g. sinuato-adnate ; s. solid, equal, rooting, ring
firm, narrow.

[albosericea, Brig. White. P. exp. broadly umb., even; g.
crowded ; s. silky, base tuberous, ring remote, fugacious.

constricta, Fr. All white. P. 3 — 5 cm. obtuse, dry, glabrous,
silky ; g. emarginate, adnexed, or almost free ; s. 3 — 6 cm. solid,
fibrillose or squamulose, ring apical, narrow; sp.

Much stouter than A. subcava.

16 Armillaria.

[verrucipes, Fr. Pure white. P. glabrous ; s. with brown warts
up to annular zone, ring absent ; g. sinuato-adnate.

* * Gills narrowed behind, more or less decurrent,
with no sinus.

[imperialis, Fr. P. brown with darker scales ; g. deeply decur-
rent; ring double, sp. 12— 14 x 5.

[Laschii, Fr. P. fawn colour, even, glabrous, thin ring erect;
g. crowded, white.

[tumescens, Viv. P. exp. even, glabrous, whitish; g. adnate,
pale ochre, then tinged red ; s. solid, stout, narrowed from the base,
whitish, ring fugacious.

[rhadigosa, Fr. P. depr. moist, whitish with brownish adpressed
scales at disc ; g. decur., broad, white ; s. short, equal, ring reflexed.

mellea, Vahl. P. 5 — 12 cm. soon expanded, yellowish-brown,
squamulose, margin striate ; g. slightly decurrent ; s. 8 — 12 cm.
floccose up to spreading ring, base honey-colour ; sp. 9 x 5 — 6.

Mycelium forming long black strands. A destructive parasite.

denigrata, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. obtuse, dark brown, rather viscid,
spotted with droplike depressions, and with elevated warts, margin
even ; g. rather decurrent ; s. 4 — 5 cm. solid tinged brown, ring
disappearing; sp. - .

[mono, Fr. P. campan.-exp. irreg. cracked, viscid, greyish brown
then rufescent ; g. adnate ; s. solid, fibrous, ring narrow.

[Viviani, Fr. P. convex, glabrous, dark bay then whitish; g.
adnate, pale fawn ; s. elongated, white, ring narrow.

[griseofusca, D. C. P. convex, even, glabrous, brownish grey,
discoid ; g. decur. ; s. equal, glabrous, ring persistent.

[pleurotoides, Fr. P. subexcentric, ring toothed; s. whitish
with a flesh-coloured tint.

citri, Inz. P. 2 — 3 cm. soon plane, subumb., even, yellow; g.
adnate ; s. 5—7 cm., slender, ring spreading ; sp. subgl. 5x4.

subcava, Schum. P. 3—4 cm. white, umbo brownish, striate to
middle ; g. decurrent ; s. equal, hollow upwards, 4 — 5 cm., even up to
torn ring, punctate above, white ; sp. - .

Differs from A. constricta by longer thinner stem, and striate
pileus.

haematites, B. and Br. P. 2—3 cm. obtuse, liver-coloured ; g.
adnato-decurrent ; s. 3—5 cm. coloured like pileus up to ring, whitish
above ; sp. 8 x 5.

*** Gills adnate without a sinus.

[laqueata, Fr. White. P. 3—4 cm. hemispherical, obtuse, viscid
when moist, smooth ; g. adnate ; s. 5 — 7 cm. solid, squamulose or
fibrillose below the ring, base tinged brown ; sp. — .

Armillaria — Tricholoma. 1 7

mucida, Schrad. P. 4 — 8 cm. soon expanded, white or grey,
rugulose, glutinous; g. striately decurrent; s. 5 — 12 cm. base
thickened, ring apical, striate, tumid ; sp. 15—16 x 8—9.

Jasonis, Cke. and Mass. P. 3 — 5 cm., camp, then expanded,
umb., yellow, disc tawny, papillate ; g. adnate ; s. 5 — 7 cm. coloured
like pileus, squamulose up to torn ring ; sp. 8 x 5 p.

[fracida, Fr. Smell rancid. P. convex, obtuse, even, spotted,
brownish-olive ; g. becoming free, white ; s. base narrowed, squamu-
lose, smooth above the spreading torn ring.

[pinetorum, Gill. P. exp. umb. granular, pale or yellowish
white, covered with reddish squamules ; g. sinuato-decur., pallid ; s.
colour of p., squamulose up to spreading ring which is also squamu-
lose outside.

TRICHOLOMA, Fr.

A. Pileus viscid, scaly, or villose.

I. LIMACINA. Pileus viscid when moist, innately
fibrillose or squamulose, but not broken up.

* Gills not changing colour, not becoming rufescent.

equestre, Linn. P. 7 — 12 cm. exp. obtuse, viscid, squamulose,
yellow or tinged green ; g. sulphur yellow ; s. 4 — 7 cm. yellow ; sp.
7—8 x 5.

coryphaeum, Fr. P. 8 — 15 cm. soon exp. viscid, yellowish with
darker squamules; g. white, edge yellow; s. solid, obclavate; gp.
subglobose, 5 — 6.

T. equestre differs in having gills entirely yellow, and T. sejunc-
tum in its pure white gills.

sejunctum, Sow. P. 7 — 10 cm. expanded, yellow with brown
streaks, viscid ; g. pure white ; s. 8 — 12 cm. white, apex squamulose ;
sp. subgl. 5 — 6.

portentosum, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. viscid, sooty often with purple
tinge, viscid, streaked with dark lines; g. white, very broad; s.
7 — 8 cm. whitish, glabrous ; sp. subgl. 4 — 5 x 4.

fucatum, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. soon plane, viscid, dingy yellow with
darker stains ; g. white or tinged yellow ; s. 5 — 7 cm. fibro-squamu-
lose, whitish ; sp. - .

quinquepartitum, Fr. P. 7 — 10 cm. viscid, even, glabrous, pale
yellowish; g. broad, white; s. 7 — 10 cm. white, striate, glabrous; sp.
5—6 x 3—4.

Differs from T. portentosum in p. not being virgate, and from
T. fucatum in glabrous striate stem.

resplendens, Fr. White. P. 5—9 cm. expanded, viscid, even,

M. P. 2

18 Tricholama.

glabrous, shining when dry, margin straight; g. very emarginate ;
a. 5—7 cm., solid, apex flocculose ; sp. 7—8 x 4.

Differs from T. spermaticum in solid stem.

spermaticum, Fr. White. P. 5—8 cm. expanded, viscid, wavy,
glabrous, shining when dry, margin at first incurved; g. margin
eroded ; s. 5—9 cm. twisted ; sp. — .

** Gills becoming discoloured, usually spotted with
brownish-red.

colossus, Fr. P. 12 — 20 cm. expanded, margin at first incurved,
dull red or reddish umber, glabrous then squamulose, flesh very
thick, reddish when broken ; g. broad, reddish ; s. 7—10 cm. stout,
apex constricted, solid, reddish ; sp. 6 x 4.

[aurata, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, even, yellow then rufescent; g.
yellow ; s. solid, fibrillose, yellow.

nictitans, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, viscid,
yellowish ; g. yellow ; s. 7—8 cm. solid, yellow, apex squamulose ; sp.
7—8 x 5.

Differs from T. flavobrunneum in squamulose apex of stem.
fulveUum, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. exp. viscid, even, yellowish tan disc
darker and wrinkled; g. white then tinged rufescent; s, 4 — 6 cm.
fibrillose, apex naked, white tinged rufous ; sp. subgl. 4—5.

flavobrunneum, Fr. P. 7 — 14 cm. soon exp. viscid, bay, virgate-
squamulose, flesh yellow then tinged rufous; g. pale yellow; s.
7 — 12 cm. ventricose, hollow, brownish, flesh yellow, viscid at first ;
sp. 6 — 7 x 4 — 5.

albobrunneum, Fr. P. 6 — 8 cm. obtuse, viscid, brown, streaked
with fibrils, disc papillose ; g. broad, whitish ; s. 3 — 5 cm. equal,
rufescent, solid, flesh white ; sp. 4 — 6 x 3 — 5.

irregulare, Karst. P. convex then exp. very irreg. rather viscid,
fibrillosely virgate, pale, tinged tawny rufous ; g. white then reddish
or spotted ; s. equal, curved, white, apex flocculose. Smell strong.
Differs from T. albobrunneum in paler, irreg. p and smell.
[Salero, Barla. Smell strong, mealy. P. exp. obtuse, even, viscid
when moist, satiny when dry, chestnut ; g. white then reddish ; s.
cylindrical, white and squamulose at apex, fibrillose and reddish at
middle ; flesh white, reddish when broken, very bitter.

ustale, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. umb. then nearly plane, even,
glabrous, disc rugulose bay ; g. white tinged brown later, decur.
tooth ; s. 5 — 8 cm. equal, somewhat rooting, apex naked, whitish ; sp.
7—8 x 5.

pessundatum, Fr. P. 7 — 9 cm. obtuse, wavy, glabrous, viscid,
bay or rufescent, granular or spotted ; g. almost free, white then
tinged rufous ; s. 5 — 8 cm. white, floccosely squamulose ; sp. 5 x 2'5.
stans, Fr. P. 7 — 10 cm. exp. viscid, rufescent, even, flesh red

Tricholoma. 19

under cuticle ; g. crowded, spotted reddish ; s. 5 — 8 cm. whitish,
squamulose ; sp. 5 — 6 x 4.

russula, Schaeff. P. 6—8 cm. exp. viscid, rosy red, granulated ;
g. subdecurrent ; s. 3 — 5 cm. rosy, apex squamulose ; sp. 10x5.

frumentaceum, Bull. P. 5 — 10 cm. exp. viscid, glabrous, pallid,
streaked or stained reddish ; g. crowded ; s. 5 — 8 cm. solid, fibrillose,
white, variegated red ; sp. 5 x 3'5.

II. GENUINA. Pellicle not viscid, torn into scales, or
fibrillose.

* Gills not changing colour, neither spotted with rufous
nor black.

rutilans, Schaeff. P. 6 — 14 cm. exp. coated with purplish down,
flesh yellow ; g. yellow, edge downy, orange ; s. 5 — 8 cm. yellow with
purple squamules ; sp. subgl. 5 — 6.

variegatum, Scop. P. 5 — 10 cm. exp. yellow with purplish squa-
mules ; g. pale yellow, edge entire not darker coloured ; s. 5 — 8 cm.
pale yellow, more or less variegated with red ; sp. 5 — 7 x 4 — 5.

Differs from T. rutilans in edge of gills.

[albofimbriatum, Trog. P. exp. obtusely umb. fibrillose, scaly
towards edge, brownish; g. sinuate, closely crowded, yellow then
rufescent, edge white-fimbriate ; s. yellow-rufesrent.

[aestuans, Fr. P. conico-exp. umb. with fugacious longitudinal
fibrils, yellow-rufescent ; g. very broad, yellow then pallid; s. equal,
glabrous, striate.

centurio, Kalchb. P. campan. strongly umb. edge incurved then
spreading and wavy, fuscous then livid ; g. deeply emarginate, almost
free, pallid ; s. ventricose, stout, white.

luridum, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. rather wavy, dry, glabrous, then
torn into livid squamules, yellowish-grey ; g. broad, crowded ; s.
5 — 8 cm. glabrous, white ; sp. 5 — 6 x 3 — 4.

Differs from T. saponaceum in persistently white flesh.

guttatum, Schaeff. P. 5 — 12 cm. exp. cinnamon or with a pink
tinge, dry, granulose or floccose, margin remotely sulcate; g. with
decurrent line down stem, crowded ; s. 5 — 8 cm., white, mealy ; sp.

Differs from T. tigrinum in white gills and sulcate margin of
pileus.

[goniospermum, Bres. P. fleshy, compact, hemispher. tinged
fuscous or livid yellowish ; g. much crowded, smoky-grey or lilac
then yellowish ; s. solid, whitish or lilac above, base brownish ; sp.
more or less cruciform rarely subtriangular, 8 — 10 x 5 — 7.

2—2

20 Tricholoma.

[psammopodium, Kalchb. P. obtuse or subumb. dry, with
scattered fibrillose squanmles, dusky cinnamon then tawny; g.
yellowish ; s. ventricose, colour of p. with darker squamules dowu-

rimpolitum Lasch. P. exp. flocculose, then broken into scales
and subdepr.- g crowded ; s. solid, fibrillose, floccosely scaly above.

columbetta, Fr. White, here and there spotted with red. P.
5—10 cm. dry, glabrous then fibrillose ; g. subserrulate ; s. 6—10 cm.
stout, solid, striate ; sp. 6—7 x 4—5.

scalpturatum, Fr. P. 5—8 cm. conical then exp. dingy, tomen-
tose then broken up into rufous or umber scales ; g. white then
yellowish ; s. 5—9 cm. whitish, fibrillose ; sp. 6—7 x 3'5.

var. argyraceum, Bull. Slender ; p. silvery grey.

var. chrysites, Jungh. Pale, p. and g. becoming yellowish.

var. mrescens, Wharton. Yellow-green when bruised.

These are forms rather than varieties.

* * Gills rufous or greyish ; edge usually spotted with
rufous or black.

imbricatum, Fr. P. 8 — 12 cm. exp. obtuse, dry, rufous umber,
innately squamulose, margin involute and downy at first ; g. sinuate,
crowded ; s. 8 — 12 cm. solid, paler than p. apex white-pulverulent ;
sp. 6x4.

vaccinum, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. exp. umb. dry, rufous, squamulose,
margin at first involute and downy ; g. almost adnate ; s. 7 — 10 cm.
hollow, fibrillose, brownish ; sp. subg. 6 — 7.

Differs from T. imbricatum in hollow stem and reddish flesh.

[polyphyllum, D. C. P. obtuse, irreg. with adpressed fibrillose
scales ; rufous umber ; g. white then tinged red ; s. solid, white,
squamulose, apex striate.

immundum, Berk. P. 5 — 9 cm. greyish, silky-squamulose, stained,
margin incurved; g. greyish pink, separating readily from flesh; s.
4 — 6 cm. greyish, fibrillose ; sp. subg. 4 — 5. Every part blackish
when bruised.

inodermeum, Fr. P. 2—5 cm. acute then umb. rufous brown,
fibrillose and with radiating scales ; g. free, ventricose, white, spotted
red when bruised ; s. 7 — 8 cm. fibrous, white with rufous tinge, apex
powdered white ; s. 7 — 8 x 4.

[furvum, Fr. P. campan.-exp. wavy, dry, brownish, fibrillosely
striate; g. entire, white then greyish ; s. solid, fibrillose.

unguent atum, Fr. P. exp. umb. grey, viscid, floccosely- squa-
mulose ; g. very broad, crowded, whitish ; s. white, solid, fibrillose.

[gausapatum, Fr. P. bullate, obtuse, wavy, covered with dense
superficial fibrils, edge at first incurved and with white wool ; g.
adnate, grey ; s. solid, white, fibrillose.

Tricholoma. 21

terreum, Schaeff. P. 5 — 8 cm. exp. umb. bluish grey with minute
squamules; g. greyish, sinuate; s. whitish, fibrillose ; sp. subgl. 5 — 6.

var. orirubens, Q. Edge of g. reddish.

var. atrosquamosum, Chev. P. grey with small black scales, g.
whitish.

var. argyraceum, Bull. Entirely pure white, or p. greyish.

var. chrysites, Jungh. P. tinged yellowish or greenish.

[squarrulosum, Bres. P. convex then exp. umb. dry, fuscous
then lurid tan, centre black, with black squamules, edge fibrillose,
exceeding gills; g. broad, crowded, whitish grey, reddish when
bruised ; s. colour of p. punctato-squamulose ; sp. 7—9 x 4 — 5.

[triste, Fr. P. conic then exp. umb. fuscous, fibrillosely scaly ;
g. white then greyish ; s. fistulose, slender, floccose.

III. RIGID A. Pellicle rigid, punctato-gr emulate, or

broken up into glabrous fragments when dry.
* Gills white or pallid, not rufous or grey spotted.

macrorhizum, Lasch. Smell strong. P. 10 — 20 cm. exp. ochra-
ceous, darker and cracked when old; g. almost free; s. 5 — 10 cm.
stout, ochraceous, rooting, solid, ventricose ; sp. subgl. 5—6.

[compactum, Fr. P. soon plane, even, dry, glabrous, livid grey,
compact ; g. yellow ; s. solid, white.

saponaceum, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. obtuse, dry, livid, tinged
olive, glabrous then often squamulose or punctate, flesh reddish ; g.
pallid with greenish tinge ; s. 5 — 10 cm. whitish, somewhat rooting ;
sp. 5 x 4.

var. atrovirens, P. thin, wavy, obscure green with crowded black
squamules.

[Boudieri, Barla. P. exp. even, dry, satiny maroon or vinous with
coppery tint, then sooty brown with deeper granules at centre ; g.
tinged "green then ochre; s. subcylindrical, rather unequal, fibrillose,
whitish tinged red, then brownish-fawn ; flesh white then reddish.

Differs from Trich. saponaceum in the copper coloured p.

[miculatum, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, granulated then
cracked, umber ; g. subadnate ; s. solid, fibrillosely floccose.

cartilagineum, Bull. P. 5 — 9 cm. soon exp. and wavy,
margin persistently incurved, blackish, then broken up into small
black spots; g. crowded then greyish; s. 3—5 cm. glabrous, pure
white; sp. - .

tenuiceps, Cke. and Mass. P. 5 — 8 cm., flesh very thin, obtuse,
dry, granular, dusky brown ; g. narrowed in front, white ; st. 5 — 8 cm.
ochraceous white, everywhere granular, base abrupt with cord-like
mycelium ; sp. subgl. G — 7.

loricatum, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2 — 5 cm. tough, convex, wavy,
rather viscid, brown, cuticle thick, tough, separable ; g. almost free,
pallid ; s. 5 — 7 cm. tough, often twisted, brownish red ; sp. - .

atrocinereum, Pers. P. 3 — 5 cm. soon plane, grey, prominent

22 Trichofama.

disc darker, often cracked ; g. crowded, hyaline ; s. 5—7 cm. cylin-
drical, stuffed, glabrous, apex naked, whitish ; sp. — .

cuneifolium, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1'5— 2'5 cm. soon plane, dry,
brown, glabrous then squamulose; g. crowded, white, broad and
obliquely truncate in front; s. 25 cm. hollow, narrowed at base,
pallid, apex mealy ; sp. subgl. 3—5.

Differs from T. atrocinereum in hollow stem.

* * Gills discoloured, with rufous or grey, spotted.

crassifolium, Berk. Smell strong. P. 5—10 cm. exp. wavy,
flesh thin, umb. ochraceous, disc darker; g. nearly free, becoming
yellowish, thick ; s. solid, paler than p., pruinose ; sp.

[geminum, Fr. Stout, compact. P. obtuse, rufous cinnamon,
velvety then rimose ; g. crowded ; s. solid, floccose.

sudum, Fr. P. 6—9 cm. soon plane, dry, greyish brown, glabrous,
disc often squamulose ; g. deeply emarginate, white then tinged
rufous ; s. 6 — 8 cm. solid, pallid, fibrillosely-squamulose, striate ; sp.
6—7 x 3-5.

tumidum, P. Smell slight. P. 6 — 8 cm. bullate, deformed then
exp. and wavy, livid grey, spotted, somewhat shining, cracking ;
g. white then grey with rufous tinge ; s. 7 — 9 cm. stout, tumid, striate,
white, rooting ; sp. 6 x 4.

var. Keittiii, Phil, and Plowr. P. rufous grey; s. dingy white,
tinged red near base.

murinaceum, Bull. Smell strong. P. 5 — 10 cm. exp. sometimes
subumb. grey, silky, cracking into squamules ; g. deeply sinuate, broad,
grey ; s. grey with darker squamules ; sp.

[bisontinum, Roll. P. pulvinate, cuticle thick, brown with green-
ish tinge, virgate with minute adpr. fibrils ; g. thick, grey, with flat,
transverse, more or less branched veins; s. solid, narrowed below,
fibrillosely striate, with minute dark granules above, pale; 10 — 12x6.

hordum, F. P. exp. subumb. grey, dry, glabrous then breaking
up into squarrose scales ; g. rather distant, becoming greyish ; s. 6 — 8
cm. whitish, glabrous ; sp.

virgatum, Fr. P. rigid, 5 — 9 cm. exp. umb. very dry, greyish,
virgate with radiating blackish lines ; umb. often broken up into
squaiuules ; g. broadly emarginate, becoming greyish, crowded ; s.
7 — 9 cm. striate, glabrous, whitish ; sp 6 — 8 x 5 — 6.

The only dry sp. with a virgate pileus.

[dissultans, Karst. P. fragile, thin, convexo-plane, acutely umb.
very dry, hoary with dense subreticulately interwoven superficial
fibrils, grey ; g. hoary ; s. hollow, equal, white, loosely fibrillose, apex
pruiuose ; sp. 5 — 6 x 4.

[elytroides, Scop. P. exp. obt. scabrid, disc floccosely scurfy,

Tricholoma. 23

IV. SERICELLA. Pileus at first silky, soon glabrous,
quite dry.

* Gills broad, thickish, rather distant.

sulphureum, Fr. Strong smelling. Entirely sulphur yellow or
p. tinged rufous, P. 3 — 8 cm. subumb. silky, even ; g. distant; s. 5 —
10 cm. striate, same colour inside ; sp. 9 — 10 x 5.

bufonium, Pers. P. 3—7 cm. soon plane, subumb. silky, soon
glabrous, rugulose, opaque, purplish brown, umber, or tan ; g.
yellowish- tan then pallid ; s. 5 — 7 cm. flocculose, coloured like p. ; sp.
subgl. 4—5.

lascivum, Fr. Smell strong. P. 4 — 5 cm. exp. and subdepressed,
even, silky then glabrous, tan colour then pallid ; g. arcuately
adnexed, crowded, white ; s. 4 — 6 cm. solid, rigid, tomentose, whitish,
apex mealy, rooting ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 5.

var. robustum, Cke. Robust. P. whitish, silky ; smell weak or
none.

interveniens, Karst. P. convexo-plane, depr. silky then gla-
brous, rugulose near edge, tan then pale ; g. arcuato-adnex. crowded,
pallid ; s. solid, equal, rooting, fibrillose, pallid ; sp. 6 — 7 x 2 — 2'5.

inamoenum. Fr. Foetid. White. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. umb. silky
then glabrous, even; g. arcuato-adnexed, crowded; s. 7 — 10 cm.
equal, solid, rooting ; sp. 9 — 10 x 6 — 7.

The only white, foetid Tricholoma.

* * Gills thin, crowded, narrow.

cerinum, Pers. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. obtuse or depressed, even, dry,
almost glabrous, wax-yellow or brown ; g. crowded, yellow ; s. 2 — 3
cm. stuffed, fibrillosely striate, yellowish, base darker ; sp. - .

[chrysenterum, Bull. Entirely yellowish outside and inside.
P. fleshy, convexo-plane, obsoletely umb. silky then almost glabrous ;
g. free, crowded, narrow ; s. solid, base with white wool.

[stiparophyllum, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. silky then glabrous,
yellowish white ; g. crowded, white ; s. hollow, white, glabrous, apex
inealy.

[cerinum, Pers. P. exp. depr. almost glabrous, waxy yellow or
fuscescent ; g. crowded, yellow ; s. stuffed, fibrillosely striate, base
glabrous, often brownish.

[onycbinum, Fr. P. exp. subumb. dingy purple or brown, margin
silky ; g. yellow, crowded ; s. pallid, apex reddish.

ionides, Bull. P. 2 — 4 cm. soon plane, umb. even, dingy violet
then pale ; g. crowded, white, edge irreg. ; s. 3 — 4 cm. elastic, fibril-
lose, coloured like p. ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3 '5.

Differs from T. humile and T. sordidum in white gills.

var. parvum, Lasch. P. reddish brown.

yar. persicolor, Fr. P. convexo-plane, peach-colour, then pale ;
g. sinuate, white ; s. paler than p.

24 Tricholoma.

carneum, Bull. P. T5— 2*5 cm. fragile, exp. obtuse, glabrous,
peristently reddish flesh colour ; gills pure white ; s. 2 — 2'5 cm.
coloured like pileus, not fading ; sp. 3 x 2.

[carneolum, Fr. Small. F. piano depr. obtuse, even, flesh-red
then pale ; g. closely crowded, very broad behind, shining white.

caelatum, Fr. P. 2 — 2'5 cm. persistently umbilicate glabrous,
brown then greyish, becoming cracked ; g. crowded ; s. 2'5 cm.
glabrous, brown ; sp. 8 x 5.

B. Pileus even, glabrous, neither villose, scaly nor
viscid.

V. GUTTATA. Pileus fleshy, soft, fragile, with drop-like
markings; stern solid.

* Gills not discoloured.

gambosum, Fr. P. 6 — 12 cm. flesh thick, exp. and wavy, glabrous,
spotted, pallid tan, margin incurved and downy at first ; g. crowded,
ventricose; s. 5 — 7 cm. stout, flocculose at apex, white; sp.
13_14 x 8—9. Edible.

[Qeorgii, Clus. P. exp. rather wavy, dry, flocculosely soft, ochra-
ceous, edge even, naked, ochraceous ; g. linear, transversely striate,
whitish ; s. solid, stout, fihrillose. Edible.

albellum, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. conical then exp. gibbous, whitish,
pallid, greyish when dry, mottled with spots, margin naked; g.
crowded, broadest in front; s. 3 — 5 cm. fibrillosely striate, solid,
white ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

boreale, Fr. P. 4 — 6 cm. irreg. subumb. glabrous, rivulose when
dry, margin even, naked, flesh-colour becoming pale; g. crowded;
8. 5 — 8 cm. solid, elastic, base narrowed, whitish ; sp. subg. 4 — 5.

* * Gills discoloured, rufescent or smoky.

amethystinum, Scop. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. wavy, glabrous, livid
and spotted with bluish patches ; g. crowded, white then rufescent ;
s. 3 — 5 cm. solid, narrowed at base, paler than p. ; sp. - .

[graveolens, Fr. P. compact, obt. glabrous, margin even, rivulose
when dry, dusky brown; g. white then fuliginous; s. solid, firm,
fibril lose.

tigrinum, Schaeff. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. often wavy, glabrous, margin
invol. pale brown or greyish with brown spots ; g. crowded, narrow,
white then greyish ; s. 2—3 cm. and nearly as thick, solid, white,
pruinose ; sp. subgl. 8.

Differs from T. guttatum in glabrous pileus with an even margin.

[leucophaeatum, Karst. ( = Coll. leucophaeatus, Fr.). P. convexo-
plane, broadly and obtusely umb. pallid grey; with thin hoary
tonaentum; g. crowded, whitish then dingy, broadest behind; s.
equal, often curved, pallid, base strigose ; sp.

Tricholoma. 25

pes-caprae, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. conical then exp. umb. unequal,
greyish brown, glabrous ; g. broad, greyish white ; s. 6 — 7 cm. naked,
white ; sp. 8 x 5.

var. multiforme, Schaeff. P. irreg., caespitose, smaller than
type.

VI. SPONGIOSA. Pileus compact then spongy, obtuse,
even, glabrous, not hygrophanous.

* Gills not discoloured.

Schumacher!, Fr. P. 6—7 cm. exp. obtuse, livid grey, even,
moist, edge beyond gills incurved ; g. narrow, crowded, pure white ;
s. 6 — 8 cm. white, solid, fibrillosely-striate ; sp. - - .

[amicus, Fr. P. fuscous ; g. distant, white ; s. bulbous, solid,
white.

patulum, Fr. P. 5 — 8 cm. plane, obtuse, wavy, even, glabrous,
pale grey or pallid ; g. sides veined, pallid ; s. elastic, equal, glabrous,
5 — 8 cm. ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

circumtectum, Cke. and Mass. P. 5 — 8 cm. dry, obt. or subumb.
wavy, margin incurved, downy, greenish olive then tan ; g. white ; s.
3 — 4 cm. whitish, striate, base pointed ; sp. subgl. 4 — 5.

[maluvium, Fr. P. cam pan. -con vex, obtuse, glabrous, greenish;
g. rounded, crowded, pallid ; s. solid, firm, elastic.

[cpnglobatum, Vit. Densely clustered. P. unequal, even, edge
thin, inflexed, somewhat pruinose, blackish fuscous ; g. free ; s. steins
solid, ventricose, subtomentose, springing densely from a common
tuber.

arcuatum. Bull. P. 5 — 8 cm. brownish white then tan, exp. margin
incurved, glabrous, flesh-coloured ; g. arcuate, crowded, white ; s.
4 — 6 cm. solid, fibrilloso-squamulose, pale brown, base darker, bul-
bous; sp. - .

Differs from T. panaeolum in having white gills, and from
T. melaleucum in having coloured flesh.

var. cognatum, Bull. Larger. Gilvous outside and inside or
dingy tan ; p. obtuse, discoid ; g. tan.

oreinum, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. soon plane, obtuse, glabrous, fuscous,
even ; g. rounded, free, white ; s. solid, short, 2 — 3 cm. whitish, apex
white squamulose ; sp. - .

Separated from T. humile by the gills projecting beyond the
margin of pileus.

album, Schaeff. Entirely white, taste acrid. P. 6 — 9 cm. convex
then depr. even, glabrous, dry, disc sometimes tinged yellow ; g.
rather crowded ; s. 6 — 8 cm. narrowed upwards, solid, elastic ; sp.
5—6 x 3.

var. caesariatum, Fr. P. white or yellowish, exp. fibrillosely
silky, then glabrous ; s. slender, fragile, apex rather mealy ; g. nearly
free.

26 Tricholoma.

[lentum, Post. Entirely white not becoming spotted. P. convex,
unpolished and at first rather velvety, disc tinged pallid when old ;
g. sinuate or subdecurr. ; s. base narrowed, apex usually longitudin-
ally costate ; sp. 7 '5— 10 x 4'5— 7.

[raphanicum, Karst. Smell very strong, like radishes. P. convex,
often gibbous, white, disc tinged tan ; g. white ; s. rooting, flocculose
above ; sp. glob. 3 — 4.

leucocephalum, Fr. Pure white, smell mealy. P. 3 — 4 cm.
plane, even, moist, glabrous after silky veil has gone ; g. crowded ;
s. 5 — 6 cm. hollow, smooth, cartilaginous, tough, rooting ; sp. 9 — 10
x7— 8.

T. album differs in having no smell, and T. inamoenum in strong
disagreeable smell and very broad gills.

* * Gills discoloured.

acerbum, Bull. P. 7 — 10 cm. expanded, margin at first involute,
sulcate and rugulose, viscid, whitish then tinged rufous ; g. narrow
rufescent ; s. 5 — 8 cm. pale, apex squamulosc ; sp. subg. 5 — 6.

militare, Lasch. Smell and taste unpleasant. P. 8 — 15 cm.
convex, gibbous, margin even, viscid, cinnamon ; g. white, torn, then
spotted ; s. 7 — 11 cm. solid, squamulose, pallid, base subbulbous ; sp.

Differs from T. civile in strong smell and spotted gills.

civile, Fr. P. 6 — 8 cm. soft, soon exp. glabrous, moist, pale
yellow brown, cuticle separable ; g. crowded, white then yellowish ;
s. 5 — 8 cm. solid, soft, fragile, fibrillosely squamulose, whitish ; sp.

duracinum, Cke. P. 5 — 8 cm. convex, gibbous, even, dry,
shining, grey with olive tinge ; g. arcuate, grey ; s. 4 — 6 cm. reticu-
lately squamulose above, striate below, greyish white ; sp. - .

irinum, Fr. P. spongy-compact, convex then plane, moist,
obsoletely innately virgate, flesh-colour then pale, edge even, pruinose;
crowded, narrow, quite entire, greyish then lurid; s. solid, sub-
bulbous, reticulately fibrillose.

personatum, Fr. P. 6 — 10 cm. regular, obtuse, even, glabrous,
margin invol. and downy, tan or with a lilac tinge ; g. rounded-free,
crowded, broad, violet then dingy; s. 5—7 cm. solid, stout, dingy
purple, villose ; sp. 8 — 10 x 5 — 6.

Flesh of stern white. In T. nudum tinted violet

saevum, Gillet. P. 6—9 cm. convex then plane, buff, margin
naked, flesh thick; g. crowded, narrow, pallid; s. 2 — 3 cm. long,
2 cm. or more thick, purple, slightly squamulose ; sp. 7 x 5.

Differs from T. personatum in the short, stout, squamulose stem,
and absence of purple tint on gills.

[glaucocanum, Bres. P. rather soft, convex, exp. glabrous, edge
involute subflocculosely pruinose, glaucous-grey ; g. closely crowded,

Tricholoma. 27

greyish violet, easily separating; s. solid, fibrillosely striate, apex
subsquamulose, base bulbous, colour of p. ; sp. 6 x 3.

nudum. Bull. Whole fungus violet at first. P. 5 — 8 cm. soon
exp. often wavy, flesh thin ; g. narrow, becoming rufescent ; s. 5 — 8
cm. equal, elastic, rather mealy ; sp. 7 x 3'5.

Flesh of stem tinted violet. In T. personatum white.

[violaceonitens, Bagl. P. convex, umb. dusky violet, shining,
edge wavy, rugulosely sulcate ; g. crowded, dingy white ; s. solid,
stout, base narrowed, colour of p.

cinerascens, Bull. P. 5 — 8 cm. convex, even, glabrous, white
then greyish ; g. dingy, easily separating from flesh ; s. 4 — 6 cm. solid,
equal, glabrous ; sp. - .

panaeolum. Fr. P. 6 — 8 cm. convex then almost plane, dusky
grey with a grey bloom, often spotted ; g. grey with rufous tinge ;
8. 3 — 5 cm. solid, fibrous-striate, greyish ; sp. subgl. 5 — 6.

var. calceolum, Sterb. P. spongy, deformed, thin, soft, exp. edge
incurved, sooty-grey or reddish-grey ; g. smoky ; s. excentric, fusiform,
very short.

cnista, Fr. P. 5 — 8 cm. exp. moist, glabrous, pale tan or whitish,
margin incurved, naked, even ; g. white, veined, reddish when bruised ;
s. 3 — 5 cm. solid, glabrous, white ; sp. 9 — 10 x 4.

Differs from T. panaeolum in p. not becoming grey.

fallax. Peck. P. 2 — 3 cm. soon plane, yellow, disc darker, even ;
g. becoming yellowish ; s. 25 cm. yellow, hollow ; sp. 4 — 5 x 3.

VII. HYGROPHANA. Pileus thin, subumbonate,
hygrophanous.

* Gills whitish, not spotted.

melaleucum, Pers. P. 3 — 7 cm. convex then plane, umb. blackish
then paler, glabrous; g. emarginate aduexed, white; s. 5 — 8 cm.
equal, elastic, whitish with dark fibrils ; sp. 10 x 4 — 5.

Coll. stridula much resembles this sp. but has a brownish stem.
T. arcuatum has flesh tinged brown. T. oreinum has apex of stem
squamulose.

var. adstringens, Pers. P. exp. pitch black and rather shining
when dry ; g. tinged pink ; s. naked.

var. polioleucum, Fr. P. obtusely umb. livid then grey ; s. apex
white-pruinose.

var. porphyroleucum, Bull. P. fleshy, umbo disappearing, sooty or
fuscous-rufescent ; s. solid, subfibrillose ; g. white.

[microcephalum, Karst. P. 2 — 3 cm. convexo-plane, livid-sooty
then pale ; g. much crowded, soft, white ; s. tall, 9 — 12 cm. splitting
easily into fibres, pallid, glabrous ; sp. subg. 5 — 6 x 5.

[turritum, Fr. P. conico-exp. umb. moist, obscure purple, some-
what spotted ; g. soon free, white ; s. stuffed then hollow, white with
dusky fibrils.

28 Tricholoma.

grammopodium, Bull. P. 7 — 12 cm. camp. conv. then depr.
umb. glabrous, ruddy then pallid; g. arcuato-adnate, crowded; s.
7 — 10 cm. stuffed, coarsely striate, glabrous, pallid ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

[strictipes, Karst. P. soft, gibbous, plane or depr. white or
yellowish-white, centre often tinged ; g. closely crowded, shining
white, entire; s. solid, equal, cylindrical, base usually thickened,
straight, white, glabrous ; sp. 6 — 9 x 4 — 5.

brevipes, Bull. P. 3 — 6 cm. brown then pale, glabrous, convex
then plane ; g. crowded, tinged fuscous then pale ; s. 2 — 25 cm. solid,
rigid, brown outside and inside ; sp. 7 x 4.

humile. Pers. P. 5 — 8 cm. umb. then convex or depressed, even,
glabrous ; g. crowded, ventricose ; s. 3 — 5, greyish white, villosely
pulverulent, stuffed ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5.

Differs from T. brevipes in pale stem and tufted habit

exsiccum, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. then umb. greyish brown then
hoary ; g. crowded, narrow, pure white ; s. 2 — 3 cm. solid, glabrous,
rather shining ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

subpulverulentum, Pers. P. 2 — 3 cm. greyish white, pulveru-
lent, convex then depr. even, extreme edge persistently incurved;
g. crowded, narrow, white ; s. 3—4 cm. solid, whitish, slightly striate;
sp. 5x3.

[persicinum, Fr. P. obtuse, even, glabrous, flesh-colour then
pale ; s. cartilaginous, glabrous ; g. arcuate, white.

[Juranum, Q. Obtuse, rufous then pale, white-floccose, margin
crenulate,. mealy ; g. white, crowded; s. solid, white, apex mealy.

* * Gills violet, grey or smoky.

[urbum, Fr. P. campan.-exp. brownish black with bluish tinge,
subumb., margin straight ; g. densely crowded, like flesh, bluish white;
s. incurved, fibrillose, bulbous.

sordidum, Fr. P. 2'5 — 7 cm. plano-depr. subumb. glabrous,
brownish lilac then dusky; g. rounded, dingy violet then dusky;
s. 4 — 5 cm. coloured like p. fibrillosely striate, slightly curved as a
rule ; sp. 7 — 8 x 3 — 4, minutely rugulose.

Differs from T. nudum in being smaller, tougher, and hygro-
phanous.

var. Feuilleauboisii, Lucand and Quel. The broadly gibbous p.
and s. dark umber ; g. deep violet.

paedidum, Fr. P. 2—3 cm. soon depr. round conical umbo,
smoky grey, somewhat streaked ; g. crowded, adnexed, narrow, white
then greyish ; s. 2—3 cm. dingy grey, slightly striate base thickened ;
sp. 1 0 — 1 1 x 5 — 6.

Differs from T. sordidum in having no trace of violet colour •
T. lixivium differs in the free truncate gills.

lixivium, Fr. P. 5—8 cm. greyish brown, soon plane and umb.
margin expanded, membranaceous, striate; g. truncato-free, grey;
s. 5—6 cm. grey, whitish floccose, often flexuous ; sp. 7 x 4—5.

Tricholoma — Eussula. 29

[rasile, Fr. Soft. P. campan.-exp. umb. fibroso-virgate, undulate,
fuliginous ; g. connected by veins, greyish-umber, edge white floccose ;
s. equal, fibrillose.

[favillarum, Fr. P. exp. depr. round umbo, even, glabrous,
moist, edge spreading, even, whitish when dry ; g. closely crowded,
greyish.

putidum, Fr. Smell strong, rancid. P. 2 — 3 cm. umb. even,
soft, olive grey, hoary when dry ; g. adnexed, crowded, grey ; s. 2 — 3
cm. greyish, pruiuose ; sp. 8 — 10 x 3 — 5.

Coll. rancida differs in glabrous, rooting stem.

[hospitans, Fr. Shining white, campan. obtuse, even, edge
straight, adpressed to stem at first ; g. free, very ventricose ; s. solid,
fibrous, glabrous, apex pruinose.

Resembling a Mycena but s. solid and fibrous.

RUSSULA, Fr.

I. TASTE MILD.

* Gills ochraceous (not clear yellow).

alutacea, Fr. P. 4 — 10 cm. viscid, exp. depr. red, dark purple,
disc becoming pale, at length striate and tuberculose at margin, flesh
white ; g. broad, rather distant, ochre, naked ; s. 4 — 5 cm. white or
tinged red ; sp. 7—9.

Differs from R. Integra in gills not being powdery.

Integra, Fr. P. 8 — 12 cm. viscid, exp. depr. red or greenish,
margin at length sulcate and tuberculose, flesh white; g. broad,
yellow, powdered with the ochre spores ; s. 4 — 5 cm. even, ventricose,
white; sp. 9 — 10.

var. alba, Cke. Whole fungus except gills creamy white.

xerampelina, Fr. P. 7 — 10 cm. compact, exp. then depr., dry,
rosy purple sometimes tinged olive, disc paler, cracked into granules,
flesh tinged yellow ; g. forked, white then ochre ; s. 4 — 7 cm. clavate,
white, more or less tinged red ; sp. 8 — 10 x 6 — 7.

Differs from R. Integra by narrow gills not powdered with the
spores.

nauseosa, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3 — 4 cm. viscid, plane then
depr., purple or lilac, disc darker, coarsely striate ; g. rather distant,
ochre ; s. 2 — 3 cm. slightly striate, white ; sp. 8 — 9.

R. nitida differs in the yellow, shining gills.

var. flavida, Cke. P. primrose yellow.

vitellina, Fr. Strong scented. P. 2—3 cm. soon plane, yellow,
edge tuberculose, striate ; g. saffron ochre ; s. 2 — 3 cm. slender, white ;
sp. 7—8.

Differs from R. lutea in strong smell and tuberculose margin.

var. major, Cke. Similar to type, but larger.

30 Russula.

lilacea, Q. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. depr., viscid, violet becoming pallid ;
g. white, broad; s. 4—6 cm. fragile, white or base tinted rose;

ochracea. Fr. Every part inside and outside ochraceous. P.
5 — 7 cm. viscid, coarsely striate; g. broad; s. 2 — 3 cm. wrinkled;
sp. 10—12.

R. fellea differs in bitter taste.

lutea, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. plano-depr. viscid, yellow becoming pale ;
g. connected by veins, egg-yellow; s. 2 — 3 cm. even, white; sp.
8—10x7—8.

Differs from R. mtellina by even margin of p. and absence of
smell.

elegans, Bresad. P. 4—7 cm. convex then depr., tuberculose and
striate with age, rosy, yellowish towards margin, densely granular
everywhere ; g. ochraceous orange ; s. 3 — 5 cm. white ; sp. 8 — 10.

Differs from R. vesca in granular, rosy pileus.

armeniaca. Cke. P. 2 — 4 cm. soon depr., peach colour, margin
even ; g deep ochraceous ; s. 4 — 5 crn. white, hollow ; sp. 10x8.

[ravida, Fr. P. depr. wavy and more or less lobed, brownish
grey then yellowish, opaque, edge even, flesh grey ; g. broad, ochre ;
s. pallid, brown striate.

xanthopliaea, Boud. P. depr, edge sulcate and tuberculose,
brownish bay ; gills clear ochre ; s. white ; taste mild.

Differs from R. pectinata in ochre gills and mild taste, and from
R. ravida in pectinate and tuberculose margin.

* * Gills yellow, without an ochraceous tinge.

coerulea, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. convex then exp., polished, edge even,
bluish or bluish purple ; g. adnate, pale yellow ; s. 4—5 cm. white ;
sp. 10—12.

Much the appearance of R. cyanoxantha, differs in crowded
yellow gills.

nitida, Fr. Smell unpleasant. P. 3 — 5 cm. plane or slightly
depr., viscid, purplish-bay, reddish, &c., shining, edge striate ; g.
sulphur yellow, naked ; s. 5 — 7 cm. white then pallid ; sp. 8 — 10
x6 — 8.

R. nauseosa differs in ochre, powdered gills.

var. c/tprea, Cke. P. copper colour.

aurata, Fr. P. rigid, 4 — 7 cm. plane, yellow, orange or reddish,
disc darker, margin striate, flesh yellow under the viscid cuticle ; g.
broad, edge It-mon yellow ; s. 4 — 7 cm. white or yellow ; sp. 8 — 10.

decolorans. Fr. P. 6—9 cm. globose then exp., regular, viscid,
orange red then yellowish, margin becoming striate ; flesh turning
grey ; g. yellowish ; s. 6 — 9 cm. white then grey, especially inside ; sp.

Differs from R. depattens in the long s., and the yellow gills.

Russula. 31

punctata, Gillet P. 3 — 5 cm. convex then plane, viscid, rosy,
punctate with brown warts, striate ; g. yellowish, edge often reddish ;
8. 2 — 3 cm. coloured like p. base whitish ; sp. 8 — 9.

var. leucopiis, Cke. Stem white.

olivacea, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. convex then plane or depr., margin
even, minutely silky squamulose, purple with olive tinge, or brownish
olive ; g. broad, yellow ; s. 5 — 8 cm. pale rose ; sp. 9 — 10.

Differs from R. rubra in deeper yellow colour of g. and unpolished
p. and mild taste.

Linnaei. Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. plane then depr., polished, edge even,
blood red or dark rose ; g. adnato-decur. yellowish ; s. 3 — 6 cm. blood
red; sp. - .

chamaeleontina, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. plane or subdepr., slightly
viscid, edge becoming slightly striate, rose red, purplish lilac, &c.,
then yellowish ; g. closely crowded, plane, yellow ; s. 3 — 6 cm. white ;
sp. 7—8.

puellaris, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. almost membranaceous, conico-convex
then exp., tuberculose striate to the middle, purplish livid then
yellowish, disc brown; g. pale yellow, naked; s. 2 — 3 cm. yellowish
white, soon hollow ; sp. 10x8 — 9.

P. not shining as in R. nitida.

var. intensior, Cke. P. deep purple, blackish at disc.

var. roseipes, Seer. S. sprinkled with rosy meal.

[bona, Schwalb. P. often irreg, lilac, centre pallid or obscure,
velvety ; g. adnexed, pale yellow then pale egg-yellow ; s. unequal,
often curved, white, hollow ; taste mild ; 8 — 10.

[grisea, Fr. P. exp. depr., polished, grey or olive, disc purplish,
edge even, flesh under cuticle violet ; g. adnate, white then yellow
s. even, polished, white.

* * * Gills white or creamy white.

•f- Pileus white or cream colour (often becoming
blackish when old).

virginea, Cke. and Mass. Persistently pure white. P. 4 — 5 cm.
soon exp., viscid, polished when dry ; g. subdecur., narrow, repeatedly
forked, veined ; s. 4 — 5 cm. solid, rugulpse ; sp. 4 — 5.

semicrema, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. persistently white, edge involute,
even, glabrous ; g. decur. crowded, white ; s. 3 — 5 cm. white, be-
coming blackish ; sp. 8— 9.

Differs from R. adusta and R. densifolia in persistently white
p.— flesh also— and g., and from R. delica in flesh of stem becoming
blackish.

lactea, Fr. Entirely white or pallid. P. 4 — 5 cm. obtuse, even,
unpolished then minutely cracked ; g. free, thick, distant ; s. 2—4 cm.
solid, stout ; sp. 7 — 9.

var. incarnata, Q. P. white tinged rose, then pale tan.

32 Russula.

nigricans, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. exp. umbilicato-depr. whitish, soon
sooty-olive, flesh white, reddish when broken ; g. rounded, very thick
and distant ; s. 3—6 cm. stout, solid, pallid then black ; sp. 8—9.
Every part black when old.

adusta, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. exp. depr. white then brownish, at
length scorched ; g. thin, crowded, pallid ; s. 3—5 cm. solid, pallid
then dusky grey ; sp. 8—9.

Differs from R. nigricans in much closer gills, and in flesh not
changing to red.

densifolia, Gillet. P. 3 — 9 cm. convex then depr. white then
brownish, flesh red when broken ; g. thin, crowded, pallid ; s. 3—5 cm.
slightly mealy, white then grey, at length blackish ; sp. 7 — 8,

Differs from R. adusta in flesh turning red, and from R. nigricans
in crowded gills.

delica, Fr. White. P. 8—14 cm. exp. umbil. polished, edge
incurved, even, glabrous ; g. decur. thin, distant, white ; s. 3 — 5 cm.
solid, compact; sp. 8 — 10x6—7.

This species has been confounded with R. chloroides, Bres. ( = R.
delica, Mass. Fung. Fl. in, 53, Lact. exsuccus, Otto, &c.) but differs
in polished pileus, pure white gills, &c.

chloroides, Bresad. ( = Lact. exsuccus, Otto ; Agaricus chloroides,
Krombh. ; Russula delica, Mass, &c. not of Cooke). P. 8 — 12 cm.
depr. edge involute, whitish, pubescent, flesh thick, white ; g. decur-
rent, white with a tinge of green, connected by veins, forked; s.
3 — 5 cm.' stout, white, tomentose, sometimes with a pale green zone
at apex ; sp. 8 — 9.

Differs from R. delica in pubescent pileus and stem, and green
tinted gills.

tf PHeiis clear yellow.

citrina, Gillet. P. 4 — 6 cm. slightly viscid, convex then depr. ;
g. broadest in front, forked, white ; s. 4 — 7 cm. white, solid, slightly
rugulose ; sp. 7 — 8.

fingibilis, Britz. P. 4 — 5 cm. exp. depr. even, slightly viscid;
g. almost free, white ; s. 3 — 5 cm. white, becoming hollow ; sp. 7 — 9.

ttt Pileus greenish or olive.

oliyascens, Fr. P. 5—8 cm. exp. umbil. olive disc becoming
yellowish, edge even ; g. white then tinged yellow ; s. 2 — 4 cm. stout,
firm, even ; sp. 9 — 10.

heterophylla, Fr. P. 5—8 cm. exp. depr. even, polished,
greenish, yellow-brown, &c., disc becoming ochre, flesh white ; g.
very narrow, closely crowded ; s. 2—3 cm. solid, white ; sp. 7 — 8.

var. galachroa, Fr. P. milky white then greenish.

Differs from R. cyanoxantha in very narrow, crowded gills.

[smaragdina, Q. P. thin, viscid, somewhat zoned, clear green,
edge white ; g. narrow, white ; s. slender, pruinose, white ; taste
mild.

Russula. 33

aznrea, Bres. P. 4—5 cm. exp. depr. pale glaucous green, with
white bloom ; g. pale cream colour ; s. 2 — 3 cm. white, rugulose ; sp.
8—9.

Differs from R. cyanoxantha in white meal on the pileus.

virescens, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. exp. umbil. dingy opaque green,
innately flocculose, areolately cracked; g. rather crowded, forked;
s. 4—6 cm. stout, white ; sp. 8—9. Edible.

[luteo-viridans, C. Mart. P. convex then depr. then edge erect
and sulcate, pellicle viscid, separable, yellow with green or brown
stains ; g. broad ; s. reticulated, base narrowed. Acrid.

var. bicolor, C. Mart. Disc of p. yellow, edge brown ; g. dark
ochre.

var. purpurea, C. Mart. P. purple, disc yellow.

furcata, Fr. P. 6—10 cm. rigid, depr. sometimes subinfund.
even, dark lurid green, even, frosted with a white silkiness ; g.
adnato-decur. thickish, forked ; s. 4 — 7 cm. firm, even, white ; sp.
7—8.

var. pictipes, Cke. S. rosy at apex, greenish below.

var. ochroviridis, Cke. Disc of p. olive or sooty, ochraceous
towards edge.

aeruginea, Lindbl. P. 6 — 9 cm. exp. darker disc depr., verdigris
green, edge striate ; g. narrow behind, slightly adnexed, pure white ;
s. 4 — 5 cm. firm, even, persistently white ; sp. 8 — 10.

tfft PHeus red, brownish, purple, sometimes with
green intermingled.

lepida, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. compact, depr. not polished, blood red,
becoming pale, minutely cracked into squamules ; g. much forked ;
s. 3 — 5 cm. even, white with rosy tinge ; sp. 6 — 8.

atropurpurea, Kromb. P. 6 — 8 cm. hard, convex then exp. depr.
smooth, even, deep blood red or purple red ; g. adnate, white ; s.
5 — 6 cm. white or tinged red.

Differs from R. rubra in being quite mild.

[cerasina, C. Mart. P. viscid, depr. subcyathiform, edge sulcate,
pellicle separable, cherry- red, disc yellow, flesh purple under cuticle ;
g. adnato-decur. ochre ; s. rugulose, white. Acrid.

cutefracta, Cke. P. 6—12 cm. exp. depr. even, purple, dull red,
etc., cracking into areolae from edge towards disc; g. adnexed,
crowded ; s. 6 — 8 cm. solid, white with tinge of purple ; sp. 7 — 10.

yesca, Fr. P. 5 — 8 cm. exp. depr. flesh colour, disc darker,
viscid, rugulose ; g. adnate, crowded ; s. 3 — 5 cm. solid, white,
reticulately wrinkled ; sp. 9 — 10.

var. Duportii, Phil. P. disc rufous, edge bluish, flesh reddish
when cut. Smells of crab.

var. lilacea, Q. P. violet or purple, flesh violet under the
cuticle.

var. Barlae, Q. P. peach colour.

M. F. 3

34 Rus&ula.

depallens, Fr. P. 6—9 cm. firm, undulate, viscid, reddish,

crimson, or
g 3_4 cm

0.8 J^r. r. D — y cm. nnn, uuuuiate, visum, reunion,
• brownish, disc paler at length; g. crowded, forked;
H-4 cm. base narrowed, white then grey ; sp. 7—8.
Differs from R. decolorans in having white gills.
Fpallida, Karst. Acrid. P. convex then exp. mostly undulate,
rather viscid, constantly pallid, here and there tinged rose, edge
even; g. white, edge sometimes sulphur; s. white, often curved;

P Differs from Russula pallescens in being more robust and even
margin of p.

cyanoxantha, Schaeff. P. 5—9 cm. globose then depr. or
infundib. viscid, lilac, purplish, olive green, &c., edge generally
bluish ; g. broad, forked ; s. 4—6 cm. even, white ; sp. 8^9.

elepnantina, Fr. P. 6— 10 cm. convex, umbil. margin incurved,
brownish tan, wavy; g. obtusely adnate, arcuate, rather crowded,
thin ; s. firm, white ; sp. — .

Differs from R. nigricans and R. adusta in not turning black or
red when old.

mustelina, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. depr. edge upturned, even, opaque,
brownish or dingy yellowish, flesh persistently white; g. crowded,
thin, connected ; s. 4—5 cm. even, white ; sp. 7—8.

II. TASTE ACRID.
* Gills yellow or ochraceous.
f Pileus yellow or ochraceous.

fellea. Fr. Every part, outside and inside, pale ochraceous or
straw colour, very acrid. P. 3 — 7 cm. exp. not becoming pale ;
g. adnate ; s. even, 4 — 6 cm.

Differs from R. ochracea in being very acrid.

aurata, Fr. P. 6 — 10 cm. rigid, exp. polished, citrin or orange,
sometimes reddish, edge becoming striate, flesh under cuticle
citrin ; g. broad, shining citrin ; s. 5 — 8 cm. white tinged yellow ;
sp. — .

[rhytipes, Fr. Foetid. P. depr. dry, yellowish, blotched purple
or olive, corrugated, flesh sulphur yellow ; g. broad, yellow, edge
darker ; s. conical, reticulately rugose, greyish purple.

No account of mild or acrid taste is given, hence its position is
uncertain. Has points in common with R. aurata.

claroflava, Grove. P. 5—7 cm. bullate then plane, chrome
yellow ; g. white, lemon yellow, then tinged ochre ; s. 3 — 6 cm. white
then grey or blackish ; sp. 8 — 9.

Differs from R. ochroleuca in bright yellow p.

Rwsula. 35

f f Pileus red or purple.

rubra, Fr. P. 3 — 9 cm. rigid, convex exp. depr. dusky blood red
or with a tinge of purple, polished and even when dry ; g. adnate
whitish ; s. 4 — 7 cm. hard, white sometimes tinged red ; sp. 8 — 10.

Differs from R. atropurpurea in very acrid taste.

drimeia, Cke. ( = R. expattens, Gil.). P. 5 — 9 cm. firm, exp. depr.
bright purple to rose colour; g. clear yellow; s. 4 — 8 cm. purple,
paler than p. ; sp. 7 — 9. Intensely acrid.

veternosa, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. plano-depr. rosy or flesh colour then
pale, slightly viscid; g. adnate, narrow, white then straw colour;
s. 5 — 8 cm. spongy then hollow, white ; sp. 7 — 9.

maculata, Q. P. 5 — 8 cm. thin, firm, exp. viscid, reddish flesh-
colour, then pale and blotched brownish ; g. sulphur then peach
colour; s. 3 — 4 cm. white or tiuged rose, then spotted ochre;
sp. 9—10.

Differs from R. depallens in being smaller, acrid, and stem not
grey.

serotina, Q. P. 2 — 2'5 cm. globose then more or less exp. purple
brown or olive, edge lilac, with white bloom at first ; g. almost free,
white then tinged yellow ; s. 2 — 3 cm. white ; sp. 8 — 9.

* * Gills white.
f Pileus ochraceous or umber.

ochroleuca, Fr. P. 7 — 9 cm. exp. depr. viscid at first, ochraceous
then pale, disc cracked into granules, margin almost even ; g. rounded
behind, broad, subequal, whitish ; s. 4 — 7 cm. soft, white then grey,
reticulately rugulose ; sp. 8 — 9.

Differs from R. granulosa in stem becoming grey.

granulosa, Cke. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. often depr. viscid at first,
ochraceous, disc darker and granular ; s. 4 — 7 cm. white, granular ;
g. nearly free, white ; sp. 11 — 12.

Close to R. ochroleuca, differing in granular persistently white
stem.

foetens, Fr. Foetid. P. 7 — 12 cm. bullate, then exp. and depr.
rigid, viscid, edge at first incurved, tuberculato-sulcate, ochraceous
then pale ; g. very unequal, forked, whitish ; s. 4 — 5 cm. soon hollow,
whitish ; sp. 8 — 10.

[foetida, C. Mart. Smell foetid, P. viscid, sulcate, yellow-
brown, flesh under cuticle brown, rest white ; g. forked near stem,
white then yellow; s. very fragile, hollow, white, often spotted red
below. Mild.

consobrina, Fr. P. 6 — 8 cm. exp. depr. viscid, edge even, brown
or dark grey, flesh grey under the cuticle ; g. forked, white ; s.
4 — 6 cm. white then grey ; sp. 8 — 9 x 7.

var. sororia, Fr. Edge of p. striate.

pectinata, Fr. Smell nauseous. P. 5 — 7 cm. exp. then depr. or

36 Russula—Mycena.

broadly infundib., rigid, brownish tan then pale except disc, viscid,
margin sulcate, flesh yellowish under cuticle; g. attenuato-free,
equal, white ; s. rigid, striate, white ; sp. 8 — 9.

Differs from R. consobrina, var. sororia in tubercular sulcate edge,
and gills not connected by veins.

[intermedia, Karst. Acrid. P. exp. depr. irreg. viscid, edge even,
at length sulcate and tuberculose, tawny, disc darker, discoloured ;
g. white then yellowish ; s. white.

Near to Russ. Integra, differs in taste and colour.

sardonia, Fr. P. 5 — 8 cm. plane, wavy, viscid, edge even, dingy
yellow, then pale ; g. adnate, closely crowded, white then yellowish ;
s. 3—5 cm. white often tinged red ; sp. 9 — 10.

Differs from R. rosacea and R. expallens in yellowish colour.

ff Pileus red or purplish.

emetica, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. exp. depr. shining, rosy to blood red,
then pale or white, edge at length sulcate, flesh white, red under
cuticle ; g. free, white ; s. 4 — 7 cm. even, white or tinged red ; sp.
7 — 8. Poisonous.

var. Clusii, Fr. Flesh and gills tinged yellow.

rosacea, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. exp. unequal, viscid then dry and
spotted, rosy ; edge acute, even ; g. adnate, white ; s. 3—5 cm. white
or tinged rose ; sp. 7 — 8.

Differs from R. sanguined in irregular, often excentric p. and
broader gills.

sanguinea, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. exp. depr. or infundib. polished,
blood-red then pale, edge acute, even ; g. decur. closely crowded,
white ; s. 4 — 7 cm. striate, white or tinged red ; sp. 9 — 10.

R. rubra differs in rigid p. and g. tinged yellow.

fragilis, Fr. P. 3—4 cm. thin, fragile, exp. flesh colour or red,
soon pale, rather viscid, edge tubercular-striate ; g. thin, crowded,
ventricose, white ; s. 3—5 cm. white, polished ; sp. 8 — 10 x 8.

var. nivea, Cke. Entirely white.

var violacea, Q. P. violet, with narrow pale edge.

\ar.faUax, Cke. Disc of p. very dark, rest pale reddish purple.

Queletii, Fr. P. 5—8 cm. soon plane, viscid, dark violet, edge
slightly striate, lilac ; g. white ; s. 3 — 5 cm. purple ; sp. 7 — 8.

var. purpurea, Cke. ( = R. purpurea, Gillet). Stem whitish, tinged
rosy at middle part ; g. pale yellow.

MYCENA, Fr.

I. CALODONTES. Edge of gills denticulate, dark

coloured.

pelianthina, Bolton. P. 1-5—3 cm. obtuse, hygr. purplish then
pale ; g. broad, adnexed, purplish with darker fimbriated margin ; s.
5 — 8 cm. equal, pallid ; sp. 7 x 4.

Mycena. 37

balanina, B. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. umb. pale yellowish brown, striate
when moist ; g. adnate, separating, pinkish-white, edge purple ; s.
6 — 8 cni. tinged brown, squamulose above, brown and thin below.

[crenulata, Schum. P. camp. umb. purplish-bay; g. adnexed,
paler than p., edge distinctly crenulated but scarcely darker ; s. even,
glabrous, base narrowed.

mirabilis, Cke. and Q. (=Ag. marginellus, Fr., non Pers.).
P. 1 — 1-5 cm. camp, pale bluish grey, umb. darker, then tan,
finely striate ; g. whitish, edge darker with minute particles ; s.
greyish, minutely floccose, rooting and tomentose at base ; sp.

aurantiomarginata, Fr. P. 2—3 cm. subumb. even, brownish
olive then pale; g. adnexed, edge flocculent, orange; s. 2 — 4 cm.
base ventricose and strigose ; sp. - .

elegans, Pers. P. T5 — 2 cm. umb. striate, brown or livid-yellow;
g. adnate, edge saffron; s. 4 — 5 cm. equal, livid ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 5.

olivaceomarginata, Mass. P. l — 1*5 cm. striate up to disc,
honey colour ; g. adnexed, pallid, edge brownish olive ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
shining, coloured like p. ; sp. 6 x 4 — 5.

[avenacea, Fr. P. camp. obt. fuscous then livid grey, slightly
striate; g. adnate, white, edge fuscous; s. even, glabrous, without
juice, base fibrillose.

[atromarginata, Fr. P. exp. sulcate, viscid; g. white with
a very narrow black edge ; s. tall, striate, glabrous.

nibromarginata, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. camp, obtuse, striate, hygr.
grey, livid, reddish &c., paler; g. adnate, whitish, edge purple
brown ; s. 3 — 4 cm. even, pallid ; sp. - .

var. fuscopurpurea, Lasch. P. purple brown ; g. edge eroded,
brownish.

[luteorufescens, Karst. P. campau. often oblique, striato-vir-
gate, yellowish fuscous, disc rufescent, opaque; g. distant, whitish
glaucous ; s. yellowish, glabrous ; sp. 8 — 13 x 7 — 9.

[viridimarginata, Karst. P. campan. exp. umb. sulcate, glabrous,
brownish honey-colour, not hygr. ; g. white then glaucous ; s. rigid,
fragile, honey-colour then pale, not rooting ; sp. 7 — 11 x 6 — 7.

strobilina, Fr. Every part deep red. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. acutely
umb. not becoming pale ; g. adnate edge dark blood red ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
rigid ; sp. 8—10x4.

var. coccinea, Sow. Edge of g. not darker.

Differs from M. rosella in larger size, and in not becoming pale,
acute urnbo, &c.

rosella, Fr. Every part pale rose colour. P. 4 — 7 mm. obtusely
umb. striate, becoming pale; g. adnate, edge darker; s. 2 — 3 cm.
slender ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4. ,

[venustula, Q. P. white, diaphanous, with rosy granules; g.
few, white, edge rosy ; s. white, hyaline.

carneosanguinea, Rea. P. 2-5 — 3 cm. livid grey, umbo rufous,
«ven, flesh becoming blood-red when broken; g. purplish-brown,

38 Mycena.

edge dark purple, denticulate ; s. 4 cm. grey, base thickened ; sp.
4—5 x 2—3.

[citrinomarginata, Gill. P. campan. striate to apex, yellow; g.
distant, pale, edge citrin ; s. thickened and downy at base, pale.

[fuscomarginata, Godey. P. campan. even, pale tan then pallid ;
g. pale, edge brownish or reddish-purple ; s. bay, summit pale.

II. ADONIDEAE. Stem juiceless, gills all one colour,
colour clear, bright, not brownish or greyish.

pura, Pers. Smell like radishes. P. 3 — 6 cm. unib. margin
striate, lilac, reddish, &c, then pale ; g. sinuato-adnexed, very broad,
connected by veins, pale ; s. 5 — 8 cm. even, pale or tinged like pileus ;
sp. 6—8 x 3—3-5.

M. pelianthina differs in dark edged gills.

M. pseudopura and M. zephira have no smell.

M. ianthina differs in persistently conical pileus.

[fimicola, Karst. P. convex then plane, umb. or papillate, unib.
striate, glabrous, reddish ochre then tan ; g. whitish then tan ; s.
equal, wavy, tough, glabrous, rusty then bay ; sp. 6 — 9 x 3 — 4.

var. multicolor, Bres. P. clear greyish blue, umbo tawny, edge
striate ; g. grey ; s. rosy-purple, base yellowish, tomentose ; sp.
7—9 x 4—5.

pseudopura, Cke. P. 2 cm. exp. obtusely umb. vaguely striate,
rosy then pale ; g. adnate, whitish ; s. 4 — 6 cm. rigid, pallid rosy,
brownish when dry, naked ; sp. 12x5.

M. pura differs in larger size of entire fungus, and smaller spores.

M. zephira differs in squamulose stem.

zephira, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. diaphanous, obtuse, striate to middle,
reddish or pinkish ; g. adnate white ; s. 4—6 cm. tinged pinkish
rufescent, squamulose, base cottony ; sp. - .

Differs from M. pura in absence of smell.

[caesiolivida, Bres. P. campan. exp. or revolute, subirreg.
glabrous, hygr. livid blue or grey then rosy livid ; g. white then rosy,
at length livid flesh colour; s. short, greyish or bluish livid, base
strigosely rooting ; 8 — 10 x 5' 5 — 6.

[Renati, Q. P. rosy lilac, disc brownish; g. white then tinged
rosy ; s. pellucid, amber yellow.

[Seynii, Q. P. vinous, shining; g. rosy lilac; s. fistulose, hya-
line, purplish, base hairy, white.

[pumcella, Fr. P. conical, obtuse, subviscid, scarlet, edge striate,
yellow ; g. free, pallid ; s. diaphanous, rooting, base dusky green,
apex yellowish.

flavipes, Q. Tufted, smells like radishes. P. 1—2 cm. camp,
obtuse, rosy pink or lilac ; g. adnexed, whitish ; s. 4—5 cm. polished,
yellow, rooting ; sp. 10 x 4—5.

[rubella, Q. P. campan. striate, orange red ; g. white then tinged
rosy ; s. hyaline, apex rosy.

Mycena. 39

adonis, Bull. P. 3 — 5 cm. conical then campan. rosy; g. un-
cinately adnexed, narrow, white tinged pink; s. equal, white; sp.

[chlorantha, Fr. P. camp, obtuse, green ; g. sinuato-adnexed,
white ; s. short, glabrous, greenish.

lineata, Bull. P. l — 2 cm. obt. glabrous, everywhere finely
striate, tinged yellow or whitish ; g. adnate, white ; s. 4—5 cm.
even, base downy ; sp. — .

farrea, Lasch. P. 2 — 2'5 cm. very thin, expanded, furfuraceous
with shining particles, pale, sulcate; g. adnate, snow-white; s.
6 — 7 cm. silky, striate ; sp. — .

Among moss and grass. The only known Mycena with a furfura-
ceous pileus.

luteoalba, Bolton. P. 1 — 2 cm. campan. then exp. and umb.
pale yellow ; g. adnate, broad, white ; s. 3—5 cm. shining, glabrous,
yellowish ; sp. — .

flayoalba, Fr. P. 1 — 5 cm. exp. umb. often cracked at margin,
yellowish or white ; g. soon free, distant ; s. 2 — 3 cm. white, pellucid,
apex pruinose ; sp. 6 — 8 x 3 — 4.

M. lactea differs in adnate gills and downy base of stem.

M. luteoalba has a yellowish stem.

lactea, Pers. White. P. 1—1-5 cm. subumb. striate, even when
dry; g. adnate, narrow, crowded ; s. 3 — 5 cm. toughish, not quite
straight, glabrous ; sp. 7 — 8 x 3 — 4.

Differs from M. gypsea and M. tennis in scattered habit.

var. pithya, Fr. Smaller, p. becoming almost plane; s. thin,
base bubillose, downy.

forma pulchella, Fr. Milk-white ; g. linear, ascending ; s. attenu-
ated. Solitary.

[olida, Bres. Smell very strong, rancid. P. thin, conico-campan.
obtuse, then exp. and umb. yellow soon pale straw ; g. uncinato-
decur. connected by veins, white ; s. hyaline, strigosely rooting ; sp.
8—9x6.

gypsea, Fr. Caespitose. Pure white, rarely with a yellow tinge.
P. 1 — 2 cm. conical then campan. striate up to umbo, glabrous;
g. subuncinate ; s. 5 — 7 cm. straight, narrowed upwards from hairy
base ; sp. 8 — 9 x 4.

[nivea, Q. Shining white. P. sulcate, diaphanous ; g. uncinate ;
s. pruinose, base rather swollen, fibrillose.

[galeropsis, Fr. P. conico-camp. even, gilvous ; g. free, whitish ;
s. straight, narrowed upwards, fragile, not rooting, ferruginous
below.

[nucida, Brig. P. campan. obtuse, even, downy under a lens,
deep rust-colour, hygr. ; g. free, white then rosy ; s. silky shining,
base snow-white, apex mealy.

[Benzonii, Fr. P. very thin, campan. exp. umbil. finely striate,
pallid or reddish ; g. white; s. equal, glabrous, white.

An introduced species.

40 Mycena.

[melanops, West. P. convexo-camp. plicate, umbo blackish-
brown ; g. adnexed to a collar ; s. slender, glabrous base fibrillose.

[pruinatus, Fr. Shining white. P. thin, conico-campan. papil-
late, edge defl exed, sulcate, pruinose ; g. crowded ; s. bulbous, naked.

III. RIGIDIPEDES. Stem firm, rigid, rather tough, juice-
less, base strigosely rooting, gills discoloured, grey,
reddish, &c., often connected by veins.

cohaerens, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. camp, obtuse, tawny cinnamon, soft
and velvety ; g. free, distant, very broad, pallid; s. 8 — 12 cm. horny,
rigid, even, shining, bay, base downy, rooting ; sp. 10 x 7 — 8.

[raeborhiza, Lasch. P. acute camp. exp. glabrous, striate, rather
tawny then pale; g. almost free, connected by veins; s. even, floccosely
pruinose, rooting, tinged tawny.

prolifera, Sow. Caespitose. P. 1 — 2 cm. camp, then exp.
subuinb., margin coarsely striate, yellowish tan ; g. adnexed ; s.
6 — 8 cm. glabrous, shining, striate, brownish below, rooting ; sp.

excisa, Lasch. (non Berk.). P. 2 — 3 cm. camp, then obtuse,
greyish fuscous or pallid; g. scarcely adnexed, narrowed behind,
very broad in front, pallid ; s. 2 — 3 cm. tough, even, grey, rooting ;
sp. - ,

Differs from M . polygram/ma in smooth stem.

\a.Y.fagetorum, Fr. Slender. P. even, striate to middle, smoky
or livid then pale ; g. joined to a collar ; s. incurved at base, fixed to
leaves by down.

rugosa, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. camp, then exp. subumb. tough, irreg.
radially rugulose, greyish ; g. arcuately adnate, white then tinged
grey ; s. 3 — 4 cm. tough, even, glabrous, pallid ; sp. - .

sudora, Fr. White. P. 2—3 cm. umb. striate, viscid ; g. obtusely
adnate, sometimes tinged pink ; st. 6—10 cm. even, dry, rooting ; sp".

galericulata, Scop. P. 2 — 5 cm. conic camp. exp. striate up to
umbo, dry, brownish, livid, &c. ; adnate with decurrent tooth, con-
nected by veins, pinkish when old; s. 5 — 8 cm. polished, even,
glabrous ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

M. rugosa differs from present sp. in having grey gills and
rugulose pileus.

[simillima, Karsten. P. conico-campan. even, dry, glabrous,
Imd or dingy pallid; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, white, very
slightly tinged rose ; s. fragile, polished, even, glabrous, base curved,
rooting; sp. — .

Very near to Mycena galericulata, differing in being fragile and
in becoming pale.

polygramma, Bull. P. 3—7 cm. conic camp, subumb. dry,
stnate, dark grey or blackish-blue when young ; g. pale pinkish-grey

Mycena. 41

tinge; s. 7 — 12 cm. rigid, tough, shining, longitudinally striate,
strigosely rooting, grey ; sp. 11 — 12 x 6.

Differs from M. plicata in striate stem.

[inclinata, Fr. P. camp, obtuse, striate to middle, everywhere
brownish ; g. adnate, whitish, base grey ; s. rigid, twisted, pruinosely
fibrillose, upwards interruptedly striate.

parabolica, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. oval then camp, striate to middle,
disc blackish-violet, margin paler, becoming pale; g. adnate; s.
4 — 7 cm. even, glabrous, base strigose, dark coloured ; sp. 1 1 — 12 x 6.

Differs from M. galericulata in absence of decurrent tooth of
gills, also their pinkish colour.

tintinabulum, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. tough, camp, even, bay, yellow
brown, pallid, &c., viscid when moist; g. adnate with a decurrent
tooth, crowded ; s. 2 — 3 cm. even, glabrous, pallid, strigosely rooting;
sp. 7—8 x 5.

Differs from M. galericitlata in short stem and even pileus.

Berkeley!, Mass.(=&rcwa, B.). P. 3 — 7 cm. camp, striate up to
umbo, hygr. dingy brown then paler ; g. broadly sinuate with decur-
rent tooth, tinged flesh colour; s. 7 — 12 cm. long, purplish brown,
base rooting ; sp. 5x3 '5.

[laevigata, Lasch. Constantly white. P. hemispher.-exp. obtuse,
even when dry ; g. with decur. tooth, crowded, distinct, joined to a
collar ; s. even, glabrous, lubricous, base strigose.

Requires to be carefully distinguished from white forms of
M. galericulata and M. rugosa. S. lubricous when moist, not
viscid.

[lasiospenna, Bres. Caespitose. P. thin, conico-campan. exp.
umb. edge then upturned, rather viscid, striate to umbo, livid grey
with a grey bloom at first ; g. sinuato-unc. connected by veins,
whitish then grey; s. pallid above, chestnut and white-pruinose
below ; sp. globose, aculeate, 6 — 7.

IV. FRAGILIPEDES. Stem fragile, dry, juiceless. Pileus
hygrophanous. Gills often discoloured.

atroalba, Bolton. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. obtuse, disc blackish or
fuscous, whitish towards striate margin ; g. free, crowded, glaucous ;
s. 6 — 10 cm. pallid, apex darker, base swollen, strigose ; sp. - .

dissiliens, Fr. Smell strong, very fragile, conico-camp. obtuse,
greyish-brown then pale, grooved to middle; g. broadest in front,
base tinged grey ; s. 4 — 5 cm. subincurved, slightly striate, dusky
grey, base strigose ; sp. — .

When compressed the stem splits into pieces which curl outwards
elastically.

atrocyanea, Batsch. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. convex-camp, sulcate, dark
brown then blue-grey, powdered with white meal, deformed umbo
obtuse ; g. adnexed, whitish ; s. 3 — 4 cm. slender, glabrous, blackish-
blue ; sp. — .

42 Mycena.

pullata, B. and Cke. Smell slightly nitrous. P. 1'5— 2 cm.
dark brown, disc blackish, obtusely unib. striate to middle ; g. white ;
s. 5—6 cm. coloured like pileus, rooting ; sp. 6 x 3.

M. leucogala and M. galopoda differ in white milk in stem.

M. atrocyanea diflFers in dark blue tinge of p. and s.

[cinerella, Karst. Smell very strong of meal. P. campan.
entirely striate, grey or greyish-pallid; g. broadly adnato-decur.
greyish-white; s. greyish -white, base fibrillose, not rooting; sp.

psammicola, B. and Br. Smell strong. P. 4—6 mm. hemi-
spherical, brown, paler towards striate margin, sprinkled with minute
particles; g. adnexed, sinuate; s. 1*5 — 2 cm. umber, paler upwards,
everywhere pulverulent ; sp. — .

Differs from M. paupercula in pulverulent stem and pileus.

paupercula, B. Smell strong. P. 2 — 4 mm. conical, exp. pale
ochraceous, minutely fibrillose; g. free, whitish ; s. 1 — l'5cm. slender,
whitish, rooting ; sp. — .

leptocephala, Pers. Smell strong, solitary, entirely grey. P.
2 — 2 5 cm. umb. sulcate, pruinose, opaque ; g. emarginate ; s. 4 — 5 cm.
slightly striate, opaque, dry ; sp. — .

alcalina, Fr. Smell strong. P. \-5—2'5 cm. camp, obtuse,
naked, deeply striate when moist, shining when dry, pallid or tinged
yellowish-green ; g. adnate ; s. 4 — 7 cm. yellowish, viscid, glabrous,
shining, base villose ; sp. 8 x 5.

ammoniac a, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1 "5 — 2 cm. conico-exp. umb.
naked, discoid, opaque, dark brown or greyish, striata at paler margin ;
g. adnate ; s. even, glabrous, rooting, pallid, 4 — 5 cm. ; sp. — .

M. alcalina differs in tufted habit, viscid stem with yellow tinge
of colour.

metata, Fr. Smell weak, alkaline, soft. P. obt. striate, hygr.
grey — rarely yellowish or pinkish — even, opaque, and whitish when
dry ; g. aduate, not connected by veins, whitish ; s. 4 — 7 cm. firm,
even, glabrous, base fibrillose ; sp. — .

cinerea, Mass, and Cross!. Entirely grey, smell strong, like
radishes. P. 1 '5 — 2 cm. subgibbous, exp. pale, silky and even when
dry ; g. adnate ; s. 5 — 7 cm. glabrous, downy and white at base ; sp.
8x5; cystidia fusiform.

M. leptocephala differs in sulcate p. , and M. metata in white gills.
M. plunibea has no smell.

plicosa, Fr. 1-5 — 2 -5 cm. exp. plicato-sulcate, greyish brown,
opaque when dry ; g. thick, distant, veined, grey ; s. 3 — 4 cm. polished,
greyish ; sp. globose, 4 — 5.

[subplicosa, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, with distant grooves,
almost plicate, glabrous, grey then pallid ; g. aduate, whitish; s. rigid,
shining, hyaline or livid, base strigose not rooting ; sp. 6 — 8 x 3 — 5.

consimilis, Cke. P. 1-5 — 2 '5 cm. camp, grey, umbo darker,
striate to middle, margin upturned and splitting ; g. adnexed, grey ;
s. 2'5— 3-5 cm. dry, smooth, paler than p. ; sp. — .

Mycena. 43

More or less resembling several species. M. leptocephala and
M. metata differ in strong smell. M. peltata in orbicular plane
pileus. M. rugosa differs in rugose pileus.

peltata, Fr. P. 1'5 — 2 cm. orbicular, soon plane, disc fleshy,
blackish brown then grey, margin striate ; g. with decurrent tooth,
grey ; s. 3 — 4 cm. even, glabrous, base downy ; sp. — .

Differs from M. pelliculosa in absence of viscid pellicle.

aetites, Fr. P. T5 — 2 cm. camp. -con vex, coarsely striate, hygr.
broad obtuse umbo prominent, brownish ; g. uncinate, thin, connected
by veins ; s. 4 — 5 cm. glabrous, shining subcompressed ; sp. — .

stannea, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. hygr. grey, even, and tin colour
with a silky sheen when dry ; g. with decurrent tooth, connected by
veins, greyish white ; s. 5 — 7 cm. even, shining, often compressed ;
sp. — .

Differs from M. vitrea in decurrent tooth to gills.

vitrea, Fr. P. T5 — 2'5 cm. livid brown, finely striate all over,
no trace of umbo or fleshy disc ; g. adnate, not connected by veins ;
s. 6 — 9 cm. slightly striate, polished, pale, base fibrillose ; sp. — .

Differs from M. aetites and M. stanneus in gills not having a
decurrent tooth and not connected by veins.

tenuis, Bolton. White, tufted. P. l—l'5 cm. brittle, camp,
obtuse, then exp. striate ; g. adnate ; s. 5 — 7 cm. thin, pellucid,
glabrous; sp. - .

M. gypsea differs in decurreut tooth of gills, and strigose base of
stem.

V. FILIPEDES. Stem very slender, flaccid, rooting, dry,
juiceless. Gills discoloured, edge paler.

filopes, Bull. P. 1 — 1 '5 cm. camp, then exp. striate, livid grey ;
g. free, white ; s. 6 — 8 cm. flaccid, glabrous, rooting, base downy ;
sp. - .

iris, B. P. 1 — 2 cm. exp. obtuse, slightly viscid, striate, blue
when young, then brownish with blue fibrils ; g. free, tinged grey ;
s. 3 — 6 cm. bluish below, tinged brown above, with scattered fascicles
of down ; sp. - .

aniicta, Fr. P. up to I cm. conico-camp. greyish, striate to
middle, dry, glabrous; g. free, grey; s. 6 — 10 cm. filiform, tough,
downy-pulverulent ; sp. - .

plumbea, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. convex then flattened, obtuse, sulcate,
lead colour powdered with white meal ; g. adnate, horizontal, grey ;
s. 6 — 8 cm. elongated, pulverulent, grey, apex hyaline, base strigose,
fragile ; sp. - .

[ianthina, Fr. P. conical, striate all over, glabrous, lilac ; g. broad-
est in front, greyish-white ; s. attenuated, flaccid, glabrous, slightly
striate, brownish lilac.

Differs from P. pura in persistently conical pileus.

urania, Fr. P. camp, then convex, dark violet when young, then

44 Mycena.

blue becoming pale ; g. uncinato-adnate, white ; s. flaccid, even,
glabrous, base rather rooting, floccose.

debilis, Fr. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. camp. -con vex, striate, whitish or
livid then brownish, opaque, rugulose when dry; g. broadly adnate;
s. 3 — 5 cm. flaccid, base fibrillose not rooting ; sp. — .

[lasiosperma, Bres. P. striate, grey, umbo darker; g. greyish
white; s. white, pruinose, base brownish, strigosely rooting; sp.
globose, aculeate.

vitilis, Fr. P. 4 — 7 mm. conical then exp. papillate, deeply striate
when moist, brownish or greyish then pale ; g. narrowed and adnate,
greyish white ; s. 6 — 14 cm. livid, flexile, rooting ; sp. - .

Var. amsegetes, Seer. P. conico-campan. everywhere striate ; g.
not connected by veins, edge entire ; s. thicker, short.

[latebricola, Karst. P. campan. then plano-convex, disc depr.
striate, livid, fuscescent when dry ; g. adnato-decurr., whitish ; s.
filiform, tough, glabrous, pallid, root strigose ; sp. — .

[canescens, Weinrn. P. hemispher. then plane, suburnbil., white
then tinged grey ; g. adnate, greyish ; s. filiform, sooty grey, base
fibrillose.

collariata, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. convex, subumb. striate, brownish
or greyish then pale ; g. adnate to a collar, whitish then tinged pink ;
s. 2 — 3 cm. pale, polished, tough ; sp. - .

[cimmeria, Fr. P. convex, slightly striate, dry, yellowish brown ;
g. adnexed, saffron yellow, edge white ; s. glabrous, fibrillosely
rooting.

[cladophylla, Lev. P. camp. -con vex, wavy, glabrous, greyish
white, shining ; g. adnate, branched ; s. naked, white, base brownish.

[epiphloea, Fr. P. persistently acutely conical, papillate, every-
where striate, whitish, apex tinged brown ; g. free, ventricose, dis-
tant ; s. diaphanous, pallid.

[supina, Fr. Small. P. obtuse, striate ; g. almost free, ventri-
cose, white ; s. short, incurved, tough, glabrous, white.

speirea, Fr. P. 1 cm. convex, dark disc becoming depr. greyish
with brown lines ; g. plane then decurrent, shining white ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
tough, polished, fibrillosely rooting ; sp. — .

tenella, Fr. Tufted. P. up to 1 cm. obtuse, whitish, pellucid,
margin striatulate ; g. uncinate, white then pink ; s. 2 cm. glabrous,
base downy ; sp. —

Caespitose. Altogether white or livid-rosy. Pileus exceedingly
delicate.

acicula, Schaeff. P. 2—3 mm. camp., orange red, margin striate;
g. yellow ; s. 2—3 cm. yellowish, base rooting ; sp —
then af afc first subumbonate. Gills subovate, almost free, yellow

Mycena. 45

VI. LACTIPEDES. Gills and rooting stem dry, giving out

mik when broken.

haematopoda, Pers. Caespitose, P. 2 — 4 cm. camp, obtuse, edge
denticulate, reddish disc darker ; g. adnate, whitish, edge the same ;
s. 4 — 5 cm. reddish, white pulverulent, containing dusky red juice.

cruenta, Fr. P. 1 cm. conico-cainp. margin striate, edge entire,
reddish ; g. adnate, entirely white ; s. 4 — 7 cm. containing dusky red
juice ; sp.

sanguinolenta, A. and S. P. 1 cm. convexo-camp. striate, reddish,
edge darker ; s. 3 — 5 cm. reddish with dark red juice ; sp. - - .

crocata, Fr. P. To — 2 -5 cm. conico-camp. umb. reddish; g.
white ; s. 7 — 12 cm. narrowed, downy rooting, containing saffron-red
juice ; sp. - .

chelidonia, Sow. P. 1 cm. camp, then obtuse, nearly even, pinkish
with yellow tinge ; g. adnate, tinged yellow ; s. 4 — 5 cm. smooth,
rooting, often compr. with yellow juice ; sp. 9 — 10 x 5.

galopoda, Fr. P. 1 — 1 '5 cm. camp. umb. striate sooty or greyish ;
g. glaucous ; s. slender, pallid, fibrillosely rooting, containing white
milk ; sp. 9—10 x 5.

M. leucogala differs in the grey gills.

leucogala, Cke. P. 1 — 1~5 cm. camp. umb. sulcate, sooty or
purple brown ; g. adnate, grey ; s. 4 — 7 cm. dark with whitish down
at base, containing a large quantity of white milk ; sp. - .

M. pullata and M. atrocyanea differ in having no milk.

VII. GLUTINIPEDES. Stem juiceless, viscid or glutinous.

epiterygia, Scop. P. 1 — 2-5 cm. camp, then exp. striate with a
separable viscid pellicle, greyish or greenish yellow; g. adnate ;
s. 5 — 9 cm. tough, glabrous, viscid, rooting, yellowish ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 5.

Resembling M. alcalina, but no smell.

clavicularis, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. exp. striate, dry, not pelliculose,
disc becoming depr. brownish, yellowish or pale ; g. adnate, white ;
s. 4 — 5 cm. glabrous, viscid, whitish, base fibrillose ; sp. - .

pelliculosa, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. convex, obtuse, finely striate, viscid
pellicle separable, grey or brownish ; g. rather fold-like ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
glabrous, viscid, livid ; sp. — .

Differs from M. vulgaris in separable cuticle.

yulgaris, Pers. P. 5 — 8 mm. convex then depr. with central
papilla, viscid brownish or grey with darker lines ; g. decur. white ;
s. viscid, pale, fibrillosely rooting ; sp. 5 x 2'5.

citrinella, Pers. P. 3 — 6 mm. viscid, camp, then exp. umb.
yellow ; g. uncinate, white ; s. 2 cm. tough, viscid, yellow ; sp.
6—8 x 4—5.

plicato-crenata, Fr. P. 1 cm. conical, subumb. coarsely plicate,
edge crenate, pale yellow ; g. white ; s. 3—5 cm. viscid, tinged red
or brownish, inside yellow; sp. — .

46 Mycena.

rorida. Fr. P. up to 1 cm. convex, umbil. sulcate, dry, pale
ochre; g. subdecur. white; s. 3—4 cm. whitish, very glutinous;
sp. — .

VIII. BASIPEDES. Stem dry, base expanded into an
orbicular disc or bubillose and strigose.

stylobates, Pers. White. P. 2 — 3 mm. obtuse, striate, sub-
pilose ; g. free ; s. 3—4 cm. filiform, glabrous, inserted on a plane,
orbicular, downy, striate disc ; sp. 4 x 2.

[dilatata, Fr. White. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, edge slightly
striate ; g. sublinear, connected into a collar ; s. filiform, base
orbicular, convex, glabrous.

var. clavicularis. P. greyish, disc subrotund.

tenerrima, B. White. P. 2 — 3 mm. convex, scurfy; g. free;
s. 2 — 3 cm. minutely hairy below, fixed by a minute downy disc;
sp. subgl. 3 — 4.

discopoda, Lev. White. P. 2 — 3 mm. conical, obtuse, with
white meal ; g. adnate, distant ; s. 2 — 3 mm. mealy, expanding at
base into a minute downy disc ; sp. — .

saccharifera, B. & Br. Whitish. P. 2—3 mm. convex; g.
arcuately decur. dusted with shining particles ; s. 3 — 4 mm. filiform,
minute disc fixed by filaments ; sp. — .

var. eclectica, Buck. White. P. sulcate, and like gills and stem,
sparkling with granules.

[mammillata, Pass. P. conico-campan. mammilate, sulcate,
glabrous, shining white then greyish ; g. adnate, broad ; s. floccose
below, base ending in a flat orbicular disc.

[mucor, Batsch. Minute, fugacious. P. plicate, grey ; g. adnate,
distant, greyish white ; s. hyaline, white, inserted in an orbicular
disc.

[echinipes, Lasch. Minute, white. P. camp, hyaline, striate;
g. thick, distant ; s. thickish, glabrous, base slightly bulbous, hairy.

pterigena, Fr. Pale rose colour. P. 1 — 2 mm. camp, obtuse;
g. adnate, broad, distant ; s. 4 — 6 mm. thin, wavy, smooth, ending in
a radially strigose disc ; sp. - - .

[trachelina, Fr. P. brown, fibrillose ; g. adnate, broad floccoso-
fimbriate ; s. villosely squamulose, bulbillose, strigosely rooting.

[cyanorhiza, Q. P. striate, greyish white ; g. broad, whitish ;
s. greyish white, base somewhat swollen, hairy, blue.

IX* INSITITIAE. Stem very slender, not rooting nor
attached by a disc but penetrating the substratum
abruptly. Gills adnate.

corticola, Fr. P. 3 — 6 mm. obtuse, umbil. sulcate, blackish,
brown, grey, &c. ; g. adnate, broad; s. T5 cm. slender, incurved,
minutely scurfy; sp. — .

47

hiemalis, Osbeck. P. 4—7 mm. camp. umb. striate, pinkish,
rufescent, white, &c., often pruinose ; g. narrow; s. 2 — 3 cm. curved,
base downy; sp. 7 — 8 x 3.

Differs from M. corticola in narrow gills, and striate not sulcate
pileus.

codoniceps, Cke. P. 2 — 3 mm. high and 1*5 mm. broad, pale
umber, not exp. sulcate, delicately hairy; g. adnate; s. 4 — 7 mm.
umber below ; sp. 5 x 2'5.

setosa, Sow. White. P. 1 mm. obtuse, smooth, g. almost free ;
s. 2 — 3 cm. slender, covered with delicate spreading hairs ; sp. — .

capillaris, Fr. White. P. 2 mm. camp, obtuse, then umbil. ;
g. adnate, few ; s. 1'5 — 2*5 cm. hair-like, wavy, glabrous ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

[stipularis, Pr. Very minute and delicate. P. convex subumbil.
rosy, as are also the gills ; s. downy, yellowish.

juncicola, Fr. P. 2 — 3 mm. striate, glabrous, rufescent or rosy ;
g. adnate, distant ; s. 1 — 1'5 cm. glabrous, fuscous ; sp. - - .

COLLYBIA, Fr.

A. Gills white or clear coloured, not grey ; flesh white.

I. STRIAEPEDES. Stem stout, hollow or loosely stuffed,
sulcate or fibrillosely striate.

* Gills white, rather distant.

radicata, Relh. P. 3—7 cm. exp. gibbous, rugose, viscid,
brownish ochre; g. distant, white; s. 10 — 18 cm. attenuated upwards,
glabrous, rooting ; 14 — 15 x 8 — 9.

longipes, Bull. P. 3—5 cm. exp. umb. dry, minutely velvety,
pale brown; s. 8 — 12 cm. velvety, with a rooting base, brownish;
sp. — .

Differs from C. velutipes in dry, velvety pileus.

veluticeps, Rea. P. 3—6 cm. velvety, tawny ; g. sinnato-adnate,
deep ochre; st. 4—7 cm. fusiform, striate, slightly velvety, with
rhizomorphic mycelium ; sp. 7 — 8 x 3 — 4.

Caespitose.

[elevata, Weinm. P. tough, exp. subfibrillpse, umbo evanescent,
greyish white, shining, floccosely scaly ; g. shining white then dingy ;
s. long, striate, abruptly rooting.

platyphylla, Fr. P. 6 — 10 cm. exp. obtuse, moist, fibrillosely
virgate, brown or greyish ; g. truncate behind, white ; s. 7 — 10 cm.
striate, pallid, base abrupt, with cord-like strands of mycelium;
sp. 9 — 10x6.

var. repens, Ach. P. depr. ; s. hollow, compr. apex pruinose,
rhizomorphic mycelium copious, anastomosing.

semitalis, Fr. P. 3 — 8 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, moist, sooty
or livid ochraceous, pale when dry ; g. white, blackish when bruised,

48 CollyUa.

finally obscure ; s. 2 — 4 cm. fibrillose, with a thin cartilaginous cuticle,
brownish or grey ; sp. 7 — 9 x 4 — 5.

[lentinifonnis, Karst. P. convexo-plane, umbil. or depr. irreg.
even, glabrous, rufescent ; g. almost free, crowded, white then spotted
black ; s. apex thickened and silky, whitish, blackish when bruised ;
sp. 10—11x4—6.

Resembling Lentinus cochleatus in form and colour.

[concolor, Del. White then tan. P. umboniform then exp.
even, rarely scaly ; g. adnexed, pallescent ; s. solid, equal, glabrous.

[loripes, Fr. Caespitose. P. exp. flexuose, lax, yellowish rufous,
even, glabrous ; g. white then sulphur yellow ; s. "pallid, flexuous,
fibrillosely striate.

[aerina, Q. P. flexuous, tomentose, coppery olive; g. distant,
yellow; s. striate, orange yellow.

fusipes, Bull. P. 3 — 7 cm. exp. umbo at length disappearing,
rufous or dingy tan, often cracked ; g. adnexed, white then dingy ;
s. 7 — 10 cm. ventricose, grooved, rooting, glabrous, cartilaginous ;
sp. 5 — 6 x 3 — 4.

Tufted. Edible.

var. oedematopa, Schaeff. Subcaespitose, p. conical then flat-
tened, rufous bay ; g. pallid ; s. ventricose, fibrillosely pulverulent.

var. contorta, Bull. Caespitoso-connate, pileus and twisted stem
thinner ; g. crowded, white.

lancipes, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. exp. umb. radiately rugulose, margin
striate, pale flesh colour then pallid ; g. connected by veins, tinged
flesh colour ; s. 4 — 6 cm. striate, narrowed towards rooting base ;
sp. — .

Differs from G. fusipes in rugulose pileus, and in growing singly.

mimica, W. G. Sm. Smell strong, fishy. P. 2 — 3 cm. obtuse,
with separable cuticle, dingy ochraceous, as are the broad g. ; s. nar-
rowed towards base, ochraceous, 4 — 5 cm. ; sp. 8 x 4 — 5.

* * Gills crowded, narrow.

maculata, A. & S. White; P. 5—10 cm. obtuse, compact,
becoming spotted with rust colour ; g. free, closely crowded ; s.
7 — 12 cm. more or less ventricose, grooved, narrowed below, spotted
rusty ; subgl. 4 — 6.

var. immaculata, Cke. Not becoming spotted ; g. minutely
serrulate.

var. scorzonera, Batsch. Smaller, yellowish, stem long, rooting,
often wavy ; g. yellowish.

[serpentina, Otth. P. campan. yellowish white, glabrous, some-
what shining, whitish, edge involute, white-fibrillose ; g. crenulate,
whitish, becoming tinged red ; s. whitish, striate, silky shining, hollow,
ending in a long contorted serpentine root running amongst leaves.

prolixa, Fl. Dan. P. 7—10 cm. lax, exp. gibbous, even,
glabrous, tawny or brick red tinge ; g. free, crowded, narrow, not

CollyUa. 49

spotted ; s. solid, subequal, not rooting, silicate, brick-red, 7—9 cm. ;
sp. 8 — 9 x 5.

distorta, Fr. P. lax, 6 — 8 cm. exp. umb. glabrous, even, bay
then pale ; g. narrow, much crowded, soon spotted red ; s. 6 — 8 cm.
narrowed from ventricose base, sulcate, more or less twisted, pallid ;
sp. 6—7 x 4.

butyracea, Bull. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. umb. even, glabrous, moist
and shining, reddish brown then pallid, flesh whitish ; g. crenulate ;
s. 5 — 8 cm. conical, striate, rufous ; sp. 7 — 9 x 4 — 5.

var. bibulosa, Mass. P. dingy olive at first.

var. aurorea, Larb. P. thinner, edge striate, flesh rufescent ;
s. hollow.

[funicularis, Karst. (-Coll. dryophila, var. funicularis, Fr.).
P. rufous then pale, even ; g. sulphur then pale ; s. sulcate, apex
thickened, curved, yellowish white ; sp. 6 x 2 — 3.

[phaeopodia, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, moist, umbo evanescent,
flesh brownish, fuscous brown ; g. white ; s. blackish brown, thickened
at both ends.

[epipphia, Fr. P. discoid, viscid, striate to middle; g. white,
connected by veins ; s. narrowed upwards, striate, white.

[asema, Weinm. P. thin, umb. hygr. livid, whitish when dry,
flesh watery, horny-grey near gills ; g. crowded, entire, whitish ;
s. striate, livid.

stridula, Fr. P. soft, soon exp. even, moist, hygr. blackish then
pale ; g. arcuato-adnexed, white ; s. fibrilloso-striate, livid brown.

Distinguished from Trich. melaleucum by the dark stem.

[pulla, Schaeff. P. campan.-exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, hygr.
purple bay then pallid fuscous ; g. transversely pellucidly striate,
whitish ; s. twisted, soft.

xylophila, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. lax. campan. then exp. gibbous,
disc brownish tan, rest paler; g. adnate, very narrow, much crowded;
s. 4 — 5 cm. subflexuous, fibrillose, whitish ; 4 x 2'5.

Caespitose. C. conftuens and C. ingrata differ in downy stem.

[jurana, Q. P. thin, fleshy-buff colour, white floccose, margin
crenulate ; g. whitish tinged flesh colour ; s. fibrillose, whitish.

[ramosa, Bull. Pure white. P. exp. disc depr. slightly striate ;
g. crowded ; s. stuffed, subequal, rooting, glabrous.

[stnunosa, Fr. White. P. wavy, glabrous, margin at first in-
curved and downy ; g. crowded ; s. hollow, equal, flexuous, surface
crisped and wavy, striate.

[globularis, Weinm. White. P. globose, disc becoming plane
and umbil., edge roundly incurved; g. adnate, crowded, broad ; s. apex
flocculose, base tomentose.

M. F.

50 CollyUa.

II. VESTIPEDES. Stem thin, equal, fistulose or medullate,
even, velvety, floccose or pruinose.

* Gills broad, rather distant.

velutipes, Fr. 3— 7 cm. exp. viscid, yellow, glabrous ; g. yellowish ;
s. 5 — 10 cm. velvety, blackish brown below, rooting; sp. 7 x 3 — 3*5.

var. rubescens, Cke. P. tawny ; g. ochraceous.

var. lactea, Q. P. white ; g. broad ; s. velvety.

laxipes, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. obtuse, glabrous, moist, whitish;
g. distant ; s. 6 — 12 cm. lax, stuffed, with rufous velvety down ;
sp. — .

Much smaller and slenderer than C. velutipes.

[declinis, Weinm. P. conico-campan. umb. moist, at length
rivulose, pale fuscous; g. scarcely adnexed, pallid, edge floccoso-
crenulate; s. white, apex flocculoso-pulverulent.

[Benoistii, Boud. Soft. P. convex then plane, rather hygr.
dark purple-bay then paler, edge striate, pellucid; g. nearly free,
whitish then tinged purple-bay ; s. bay, apex paler and scurfy, pale
flocculose ; flesh coloured.

floccipes, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. convex, umb. even, sooty brown then
pale; g. thick; s. 3 — 5 cm. whitish and rough with minute black
points, rooting; sp. — .

[trochila, Lasch. P. convex, glabrous, umbilicately depr. discoid,
hyalino-striate, pallid fuscous ; g. adnate, narrow ; s. long, rigid,
blackish brown.

vertiruga, Cke. P. 1 — 2 cm. subpulverulent, exp. dull brown or
grey, radially wrinkled ; g. adnate ; s. 4 — 6 cm. tawny, minutely
velvety, base strigose ; sp. - - .

Differs from C. stipitaria in adnate gills and dingy pileus.

stipitaria, Fr. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. exp. umb. velvety-squamulose,
whitish with brown fibrils ; g. veutricose ; s. 2'5 — 5 cm. bay, fibrillose
or hairy ; sp. - - .

[Sobolewski, Weinm. P. thin, hemispher. obtusely umb. white-
pulverulent, shining white then tinged rosy; g. free; s. slender,
tinged fuscescent, shining, white-fibrillose.

[alumna, Schum. White. P. thin, globose-campan. exp. gla-
brous, striate; g. adnate, broad; s. subulate from thickened base,
downy below.

Habitat on fungi like C. tuberosa, from which it differs in
adnate gills.

** Gills very narrow, closely crowded.

hariolorum. Bull. P. 2—5 cm. exp. glabrous, dingy tan ; g.
white then pallid ; s. 5 — 7 cm. narrowed upwards, rufesceut, woolly-
hirsute; sp. 6 — 7x3 — 4.

Collybia. 51

confluens, Pers. P. 2 — 1 cm. obtuse, flaccid, glabrous, rufes-
cent then pallid; g. closely crowded; s. 6 — 12 cm. more or less
compressed, rufous, everywhere with white down ; sp. subgl. 7 — 9.

Differs from C. hariolarum in densely tufted habit.

ingrata, Schum. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, umb. even, brownish
tan; g. free, pallid; s. 5—10 cm. twisted, subcompressed, with
white meal above, umber and naked below, equal ; sp. — .

[lilacea, Q. Subtomentose, lilac; p. thin, hoary; g. amethyst;
s. slender, base with white down.

[lupuletora, Weinm. P. exp. depr. even, glabrous, livid or
pale tan then pallid ; g. adnate, crowded, white ; s. not rooting,
white and pulverulently scaly above, brownish, glabrous, and nar-
rowed below.

[foetidissima, Gill. Smell extremely foetid. P. convex, umbil.
wavy, yellowish white ; g. whitish ; s. white.

[orbicularis, Seer. P. exp. umb. brown, disc with small viscid
blackish warts ; g. adnexed, crowded ; s. rufescent with white meal.

[myosura, Fr. P. orbicular, exp. obtuse, rufous, becoming
pale; g. free, much crowded; s. rufescent, apex powdered, root
long, glabrous.

conigena, Pers. 1 — 2 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, reddish-yellow
or pale; g. free, much crowded, pallid; s. 3 — 7 cm. pulverulent,
pallid, base strigose, rooting ; sp. 4 — 5 x 3.

Differs from C. tenacella and C. esculenta in free, crowded,
narrow gills.

var. lutea, Vogl. P. yellow ; g. densely crowded, white.

cirrhata, Fr. 1 — 1 '5 cm. exp. at length unibilicate, silky, opaque,
white ; g. adnate ; s. 2 — 5 cm. slender, wavy, whitish, with a downy
root ; sp. 4 — 5 x 2 — 3.

Differs from C. conigena in adnate gills, and from C. tuberosa
in downy rooting stem not springing from a sclerotium.

tuberosa, Bull. P. about 1 cm. white, exp. umb. even; g.
adnate; s. T5 — 4 cm. thin, white, root glabrous and springing
from a sclerotium ; sp. 4 — 6 x 2 — 3.

racemosa, Pers. P. up to 1 cm. convex, papillate, grey, sub-
tomentose ; g. adnate ; s. 3 — 5 cm. base dark, springing from a
blackish sclerotium ; several minute stems with abortive pilei often
spring from the stem ; sp. — .

III. LAEVIPES. Stem thin, equal, fistulose, naked,
glabrous (except base), not conspicuously striate.

* Gills broad, lax, usually more or less distant.

collina, Scop. P. 2 — 5 cm. exp. umb., brownish then pale;
g. adnexed then free; s. 6—10 cm. equal, even, glabrous, base
abrupt, downy ; sp. — .

4—2

52 Collybia.

thelephora, Cke. and Mass. P. 2 — 3 cm. camp, lax, umb.
apiculate, dingy ochraceous, disc darker; g. adnate; s. 6 — 10 cm.
equal, hollow, glabrous, base dark ; sp. 9 x 7.

ventricosa, Bull. P. 2—3 cm. camp. umb. glabrous, pale
tan ; g. with rufous tinge ; s. 6 — 10 cm. rufescent, base ventricose,
rooting; sp. — .

Differs from C. dryophila in ventricose, rooting stem.

leucomyosotis, Cke. Strong scented, rather fragrant. P.
2 — 3 cm. exp. grey then paler ; g. adnate, sinuate, white ; s.
8 — 12 cm. equal, brittle, pallid; sp. 6x4.

Stevensoni, B. and Br. P. l— rs cm. obtuse, viscid, pale
yellow ; g. broadly adnate, broad, white ; s. 2 — 3 cm. rufous, equal,
fibrillose, rooting; sp. 10—11x7—8.

Differs from C. escidenta in broad, adnate gills.

psathyroides, Cke. Ivory white. P. T5 — 2 cm. broad and
nearly 2 '5 cm. high, camp, obtuse, rather viscid ; g. broadly adnate,
broad ; s. 6 — 10 cin. equal, straight, hollow ; sp. 15 x 7.

xanthopoda, Fr. P. 2 '5 cm. exp. umb. glabrous, lax, yellow or
tan colour then pale ; g. truncate behind ; s. 6 — 10 cm. equal,
hollow, tough, glabrous, yellowish, strigosely rooting; sp. — .

Differs from C. dryophila in umbo, broad gills, and strigosely
rooting stem.

nitellina, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. even, shining, tawny, hygroph. ;
g. adnate, white then tinted; s. 5—8 cm. equal, rigid, glabrous,
tawny; sp. — .

succinea, Fr. P. 2— 2 '5 cm. even, exp. then subdepressed,
pale rufous, often cracked; g. adnexed, broad, thickish, serrulate;
s. 2 — 4 cm. polished, rufescent, not rooting; sp. — .

Differs from C. dryophila by broader, thicker, less crowded
gills, and from C. xanthopoda by absence of an umbo.

nummularia, Bull. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. subdepressed round
small umbo, pallid; g. free; 8. 3 — 5 cm. glabrous, pallid, apex
thickened; sp. — .

esculenta, Wulf. P. 1 — 2 cm. orbicular, exp. obtuse, glabrous,
pallid tan; g. adnate, lax, whitish; s. 2 '5 cm. indistinctly hollow,
even, polished, yellowish tan, rooting, base glabrous ; sp. — .

C. tenacella differs in fibrillose rooting base, and snow-white gills.

tenacella, Pers. P. 1'5 — 2 cm. exp. subumb. even, glabrous,
brownish then pale ; g. broad, snow-white ; s. 5 — 10 cm. narrowly
fistulose, straight, even, glabrous, tawny, long root strigose; sp.
5—6 x 3.

var. stolonifer, Jungh. P. springing from a long, creeping, cord-
like mycelium.

eustygia, Cke. Smell of rancid meal. P. 2—4 cm. exp. subdepr.
often wavy, whitish, shining when dry ; g. dark grey ; s. 4 — 7 cm.
white above and sprinkled with pointed scales ; darker below, rooting;
sp. subgl. 4 — 5.

[rhodella, Pat. P. thin, convexo-plane, reddish-brown, disc

CollyUa. 53

rugulose, edge striate; g. adnate, distant, white, tinged pink; s.
tinged brown, twisted, wavy.

retigera, Bres. P. 3 — 6 cm. campan.-exp. umb. dry, glabrous,
fuscous-grey then pale, centre somewhat tawny, raised veins form-
ing a network on the surface ; g. broad, edge paler, fimbriate ; s.
4 — 6 cm. pallid, whitish fibrillose, often compressed, somewhat
rooting ; sp. — .

[plumipes, Kalchb. P. campan. exp. subumb. slightly innato-
fibrillose, livid fuscous, shining; g. broad, white; s. glabrous,
white, base fibrilloso-strigose.

Differs from G. conigena in glabrous s. and broad g.

[planipes, Brig. Caespitose. P. orbicular, exp. rather viscid,
bay ; g. free ; s. colour of p., rooting.

[Gussonei, Inzeng. P. convex, subumb., rather striate, brick-
red, edge dingy yellow ; g. adnate, broad, crimson ; s. compr.
ochre with a crimson zone.

** Gills narrow, crowded.

acervata, Fr. Caespitose. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. obtuse, then umb.,
reddish then pale ; g. free, narrow, closely crowded ; s. 4 — 9 cm. equal,
glabrous, rufous, base downy, rooting ; sp. 7 — 8 x 3 '5.

Differs from C. conftuens in glabrous stem, and from Marai-
mius erythropus in narrow, closely crowded gills.

dryophila, Bull. P. 2'5 cm. obtuse, then subdepr. reddish or
pale tan, even ; g. sinuate, crowded, narrow ; s. 2 — 4 cm. hollow,
glabrous, rufescent or yellowish ; sp. 7—8x4.

aquosa, Fr. Every part honey-colour. P. 2 — 2'5 cm. obtuse,
hygr. margin striate ; g. rounded and free, crowded ; s. 3 — 6 cm.
polished, surface slightly wavy ; sp. 6 x 4.

var. Bulliardii. P. reddish ochre then pale ; s. tawny.

extuberans, Fr. P. 2— 3-5 cm. exp. umb. prominent, bay or
umber; g. crowded, narrow; s. 4 — 7 cm. equal, straight, glabrous,
pallid, rooting ; sp. — .

exsculpta, Fr. P. 2—4 cm. exp. umbilicate, persistently tawny
brown; g. closely crowded, sulphur-yellow; & 2—3 cm. yellow;
sp. - .

[luteifolia, Gill. P. exp. edge lobed, irreg. reddish or cinna-
mon ; g. sulphur yellow ; s. glabrous, colour of p.

[cinnamomaeifolia, Gill. P. convex, subdepr. with a slight
umbo, whitish yellow ; g. crowded, pale cinnamon ; s. reddish.

macilenta, Fr. Entirely yellow. P. 2 — 2'5 cm. obtuse, even,
glabrous; g. linear: s. minutely fistulose, glabrous, tough, rooting,
2—3 cm. ; sp. 5 — 6 X 3.

clavus, L. P. 2 — 6 mm. obtuse, even, orange- red, shining; g.
crowded, white; s. 1'5— 2'5 cm. very slender, whitish, glabrous;
sp. 4 x 2'5.

Mycena acicula differs in yellow gills and rooting stem.

54 CoUybia.

ocellata, Fr. P. 1— 1'5 cm. exp. disc depr. round pale small
umbo, rufous or yellowish ; g. crowded, white ; s. 3—5 cm. slender,
tough, glabrous, tinged fuscous, base rooting, fibrillose ; sp. — .

Distinguished from C. cirrhata by glabrous stem.

[floridula, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, slightly striate, tinged flesh
colour then pale ; g. pale rose colour ; s. pellucid, white.

[Micheliana, Fr. Pure white. P. obtuse, margin slightly striate ;
g. adnexed, crowded ; s. thin, glabrous, base slightly thickened.

muscigena, Schum. Pure white. P. 2 — 4 mm. obtuse, even ; g.
adnate; s. 1 -5—2-5 cm. very slender, wavy, equal, glabrous; sp.

Known from small sp. of Mycena by the broadly adnate gills and
even pileus.

[ludia, Fr. Pure white. P. subumb. exp. revolute, undulate and
irreg. lobed, even; g. rather distant; s. slender, wavy, naked, root
creeping, branched, fibrillose.

B. Gills grey.

IV. TEPHROPHANAE. Brown or greyish.
* Gills crowded, rather narrow.

rancida, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2—5 cm. umb. dusky grey with
a white silkiness ; g. free, narrow, grey ; s. 7 — 12 cm. glabrous, grey,
rooting; sp. 7 — 10x4 — 5.

Distinguished among strong-smelling species by the rooting stem.

[ignofoilis, Karst. P. plane, subdepr. edge spreading, livid, hoary,
pale when dry ; g. crowded, dingy pallid ; s. livid, floccosely pruinose ;
sp. 7—8 x 4.

[daemonica, Karst. P. convex then exp. subumb. glabrous,
rather virgate, livid fuscous, disc blackish, pale when dry ; g. adnate,
crowded, smoky, blackish when bruised : s. equal, glabrous, wavy,
fibrillosely striate, pallid, apex white flocculose ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 5.

coracina, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. naked, hygr.
brownish then grey ; g. greyish-white ; s. 2 — 3 cm. hollow, rigid,
not rooting, brown, apex mealy-squamulose ; sp. — .

Differs from C. rancida in the short stem thickened at base,
and not rooting ; C. ozes differs from present in long, slender,
flexuous stem.

ozes, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. umb. naked, glabrous,
hygr. margin striate, greyish brown ; g. adnexed, grey then olive ;
s. 6 — 10 cm. subflexuous, slender, fragile, slightly striate, grey, apex
with white meal ; sp. - .

C. rancida differs in free gills and rooting stem.

[mephitioa, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. subumb. even, ad-
pressedly innately silky, whitish ; g. obtusely adnate, crowded,
whitish; s. filiform, obsoletely fistulose, tough, grey, pruinosely
velvety.

Collybia. 55

inolens, Fr. P. 2—5 cm. exp. umb. glabrous, livid or pale
tan ; g. adnexed, greyish-white ; s. 5 — 9 cm. livid, undulate, base
white-strigose, apex white squamulose ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4 — 5.

C. plexipes and C. protracta differ in having the stem glabrous
at the apex.

plexipes, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. camp, rather rugulose, slightly striate,
glabrous, sooty ; g. free ; s. 5 — 7 cm. livid, silky fibrillose, rooting ;
sp. 8—9 x 5.

Differs from C. protracta in free gills.

[miser, Fr. P. subumb. glabrous, margin striate; g. adnate,
grey ; s. fuscous, apex mealy.

[atramentosa, Kalchb. P. exp. subumb. rugulose, livid then
sooty, flesh black; g. narrow, becoming blackish; s. naked, colour
of p.

[fuliginaria, Weinm. P. fuscous, with down; g. glaucous;
s. fuscous, flocculose.

atrata, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. pitch-black then brown, even, exp. or
depr. margin arched; g. adnate; s. 2 — 2 '5 cm. even, glabrous, brown
outside and inside ; sp. - .

ambusta, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. exp. papillate, slightly striate, glabrous,
livid brown ; g. adnate, tinged fuscous ; s. 1 '5 — 2 cm. somewhat
stuffed, tough, livid; sp. 5-^-6 x 3 — 4.

Differs from C. atrata in uinbonate pileus.

* * Gills very broad, more or less distant.

lacerata, Lasch. P. 2'5 — 3 '5 cm. camp, moist, streaked dark
brown on pale ground ; g. adnexed, broad, thick, greyish ; s. 5 — 9 cm.
twisted, fibrous, apex floccose ; sp. - .

[phalliodorus, Alex. Foetid, convex, subumbilicate, at length
lobed, dingy ochraceous ; g. adnate, white ; s. glabrous.

murina, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. umbilicate, glabrous then rugu-
losely squamulose, dark brown then pale; g. slightly adnexed, broad;
s. 5 — 7 cm. hollow, cylindrical, not rooting, grey ; sp. 7 x 4.

Somewhat resembling G. atrata, differing in very broad almost
free gills.

[glacialis, Fr. P. watery, fragile, obtuse, dusky fuscous then
pale ; g. free, grey ; s. grey, naked.

protracta, Fr. P. 1 -5 — 2 cm. exp. shining, disc fleshy, depressed,
subpapillate, greyish brown, margin striate ; g. broad, grey ; s. 5 — 7 cm.
glabrous, root long fibrillosely strigose ; sp. — .

tesquorum, Fr. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. plane, obtuse, even, blackish then
pale ; g. free, greyish brown ; s. 3—5 cm. thin, brown, apexpruinose ;
sp. — .

[cessans, Karst. P. exp. then depr. glabrous, striate, pallid
fuscous then pale and hoary, sublubricous ; g. adnate, then adnato-
decur. connected by veins, whitish ; s. solid, pallid, apex pruinose.

56 Cottybia — Marasmius.

clusilis, Fr. P. 1—2 cm. exp. umbilicate, glabrous, hygr. livid
then pale; g. arcuately adfixed, semicircular, broad; s. 2 — 4 cm.
glabrous, pallid, not rooting ; sp. — .

Differs from C. tylicolor and C. nummularia m umbilicate pileus,
and decurrent tooth to gills.

[erosa, Fr. P. exp. striate, hygr. silky when dry, grey ; g. broadly
emarginate, greyish ; s. greyish- white, glabrous.

tylicolor, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. exp. subumb. even, glabrous, bluish-
grey, with white meal when young; g. free, distant, broad, grey;
s. 2 — 3 cm. pulverulent, grey ; sp. — .

Introduced species.

Dorotheae, B. P. 2 cm. globose then exp. subumb. dark brown
then paler, sulcate, squarroso-setulose ; g. white, distant ; s. 5 — 6 cm.
slender, minutely discoid at base, granulated like pileus and beset
with white bristles.

caldarii, B. P. 1 cm. hemispherical, umb. brown, rugose; g.
grey ; s. 4 — 5 cm. pale grey, cartilaginous ; sp. — .

MARASMIUS, Fr.

A. COLLYBIA. Margin of pileus incurved at first.
Stem cartilaginous ; mycelium floccose.

I. SCORTEI. Stem solid, or stuffed then hollow, fibrous
inside; outside villose over the cartilaginous cortex.
Gills becoming free.

* Base of stem strigosely woolly.

urens, Fr. P. Acrid. 4 — 1 cm. exp. glabrous, even, pinkish buff,
pale when dry; g. free, becoming brownish, at length remote; s.
5 — 1 cm. everywhere covered with white farinose down ; sp. 8x4.

The acrid taste separates this sp. from M. oreades.

[subannulatus, Trog. P. plane or depr. even, yellowish; g.
adnate, reddish then brownish ; s. with an incomplete ring about the
middle, base with white down.

peronatus, Fr. Acrid. P. exp. reddish brown, then tan colour,
becoming lacunose, margin striate ; g. adnexed, seceding, palllid then
rufescent ; s. 3 — 5 cm. villosely downy, lower portion coarsely strigose,
yellowish ; sp. 10 x 6 — 7.

porreus, Fr. Smell of garlic. P. 2—5 cm. dingy yellowish then
paler, striate, disc even, flaccid ; g. distant, firm, yellow then pale ;
s. 2—4 cm. reddish-brown, pubescent ; sp. subgl. 4.

Differs from M. prasiosmus in yellowish gills and stem every-
where pubescent.

Marasmius. 57

[mulleus, Fr. Mild. P. plane or depr. even, yellow brown then
paler ; g. citrin ; s. bay towards fusiform rooting base, with a purplish
tomentose ring.

[Queletii, Schulz. White. P. diaphanous, umb. ; g. free, white;
s. stuffed, with grey rooting mycelium.

( foeniculaceus, Fr. P. tough, convex-umb. then plano-depr.
pallid then white; g. broad, thick, adnex. distant, whitish ; s. fibrous,
glabrous, base abrupt, with rufous fibres. Used as a condiment.

** Base of stem naked, often formed of twisted fibres.

oreades, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. subumb. glabrous, brownish then pale ;
g. free, broad, distant, pale ; s. 3 — 6 cm. pallid, everywhere with a
downy surface ; sp. 8 x 5. Edible.

[globularis, Fr. P. globose campan. umb. hygrophanous, pel-
lucidly striate ; g. free, white then dingy ; s. pulverulent, white.

plancus, Fr. P. 2— cm. pliant, plane or depr. even, rufescent
then pale ; g. narrow, tinged ochraceous-brown ; s. 3 — 5 cm. with
white down, base narrowed, naked ; sp. — .

Differs from M. oreades in narrower, darker coloured gills.

[pyramidalis, Fr. P. umb. shining, dingy brown then pale;
g. arcuately adnexed, white then reddish; s. narrowed upwards,
flocculose, whitish, rooting,

scorteus, Fr. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. pallid, exp. obtuse, even, wrinkled ;
g. broad, distant, white ; s. 2 — 4 cm. obsoletely hollow, equal, tinged
fuscous, glabrous, apex slightly mealy ; sp. 8 x 6.

Resembling M. oreades, but smaller and stem glabrous.

II. TERGINI. Stem rooting, distinctly tubular, not fibrous,
evidently cartilaginous. Gills becoming free.

* Stem woolly below, glabrous above.

prasiosmus, Fr. Smell of garlic. P. 1'5 — 2 cm. pale yellow or
whitish disc, often darker, wrinkled, g. adnexed ; s. 4 — 7 cm. pallid
and glabrous above, thickened and subtomentose below and brownish ;
sp. 14—15 x 7.

Differs from M. porreus in white gills and estriate pileus.

varicosus, Fr. P 1'5 — 3 cm. reddish brown, plane or depr. wavy,
subumb. darker when dry; g. closely crowded, very narrow; s.
5 — 8 cm. reddish, with red juice, base with reddish down ; sp. 4 x 3.

fuscopurpureus, Fr. 2 — 2'5 cm. exp. often umbilicate, purplish
brown then pale ; g. attached to collar then free, tinged reddish ;
s. 2'5 — 7 cm. dry, dingy purple, base with reddish down ; sp. 4 — 3.

terginus, Fr. P. l-5 — 2'5 cm. exp. obtuse, shining, reddish, then
pale, striate at margin ; g. narrow, free ; s. 5 — 8 cm. glabrous, shining,
pallid, reddish below with white down, rooting ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

Much like M. prasiosmus and M. porreus, differing from both in
absence of smell.

58 Marasmius.

[gelidus, Q. P. campan. exp. thin, rugosely striate, pruinose,
translucent ; g. free, hyaline or tinged rose ; s. filiform, striate, pru-
inosely-pubescent, base cottony, recurved ; sp. 7 — 8.

[putillus, Fr. P. rufescent then tan; g. rufous, margin paler,
entire ; s. short, rufescent, abrupt base with white down.

[carpathicus, Kalchb. P. exp. subumb. rather viscid, brownish,
hygr. edge striatulate ; g. rotundato-adnexed, pallid ; s. even, naked
above, pallid, rest bay, white downy base rooting.

* * Stem (at least when dry) everywhere pruinosely velvety.

Wynnei, B. and Br. P. 2 '5 — 4 cm. soon plane, sub-umb. lilac-
brown ; g. adnexed, lilac ; s. 3 — 6 cm. paler than p., scurfy ; 7 — 8 x 4.

erytnropus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. obtuse, even, then rugulose, pallid ;
g. broad, lax, pallid, connected by veins ; s. 5 — 8 cm. hollow, striate,
glabrous, dark red, base with white down ; sp. 8 — 10 x 5 — 6.

Differs from Collybia acervata by the broad distant gills.

[dispar, Fr. P. subumb. whitish, margin striate ; g. nearly free,
crowded, narrow ; s. purplish-brown, pruinose, base with white down.

archyropus, Fr. P. rs — 2'5 cm. plane or depr. glabrous, pallid;
g. crowded, linear, pallid ; s. 6 — 10 cm. rigid, straight, pale rufescent,
coated with white down, base similar ; sp. subgl. 4 — 5.

Differs from M. terginus in tufted habit, and from M. prasiosmus
in absence of smell.

torquescens, Q. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. plane, rugosely striate, pallid ;
g. free ; s. 4 — 5 cm. brown, minutely velvety, apex pale and glabrous ;
sp. 5x4.

impudicus, Fr. Smell foetid. P. T5 — 2'5 cm. rugulosely striate,
reddish bay, then pale ; g. tinged red then pale ; s. 3 — 5 cm. equal,
purplish, covered with white down when dry, base naked, rooting;
sp. 8 x 4 — 5.

Differs from M. foetidus in free gills.

[saxatilis, Fr. P. depr. striate, reddish ; g. adnate, white ;
s. glabrous, apex pruinose, reddish.

III. CALOPODES. Stem short, not rooting, entering matrix
abruptly, often with a small floccose tubercle at base.
Qills adnate then subdecur. when p. expands.

* Stem very glabrous upwards, shining, base simple.

scorodonius, Fr. Smell of garlic. P. 1'5— 2 cm. soon plane,
dry, rufous then pale, wrinkled ; g. adnate, whitish ; s. 2'5 — 4 cm.
equal, everywhere glabrous, shining, rufous ; sp. 6 x 4.

calopus, Fr. P. 1—1-5 cm. exp. even then wrinkled, glabrous,
whitish ; g. emarginately adnexed ; s. 2 — 2'5 cm. even, glabrous, bay,
shining, not rooting ; 7 x 4.

Habit of M. scorodonius, but no smell.

Marasmius. 59

Vaillantii, Fr. P. 1 -5—2-5 cm. depr. plicately rugose, whitish ;
g. broad, subdecurrent ; s. 2 — 2'5 cm. glabrous, bay, apex paler and
thickened ; sp. 10 x 6.

M. impudicus differs in purplish stem with white down when
dry. M. foetidus differs in strong smell.

angulatus, Fr. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. soon exp. at length folded and
angular, whitish or tinge of tawny ; g. distant ; s. 2 — 3 cm. greyish
rufescent, thickened at both ends ; sp. 7x4.

Closely resembling M. Curreyi and M. graminum ; differs from
former in ventricose gills not attached to a collar ; from the latter in
the gills not being attached to a collar. M. calopus differs in the
shining, bay stem.

[Kirchneri, Thurn. P. often umb. pallid whitish brown ; g. sub-
decur. distant, whitish fuscous ; s. filiform, glabrous, brown.

languidus, Fr. P. 1'5 — 2 cm. umbil. flocculose, rugosely sulcate,
whitish tinged yellow or flesh colour ; g. narrow ; s. 2 — 3 cm.
thickened upwards, pale, naked, base tawny ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

rubricatus, Mass. P. up to 1 cm. soon plane, whitish tinged
red ; g. adnexed, white then brownish ; s. 1 — 2 cm. slender, incurved,
hollow ; sp. 6 x 3.

* * Stem velvety pruinose, base subtuberculose.

foetidus, Fr. Foetid. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. and umbil. or wavy,
striato- plicate, tawny bay or rufous, pruinose when dry ; g. rufescent
with a yellow tinge ; s. 2 — 3 cm. hollow, bay, minutely velvety ;
sp. 7x4.

inodorus, Pat. P. thin, exp. reddish brown with adpr. silky
down; g. adnate, crowded, whitish; s. blackish red, apex pale,
entirely covered with white bloom.

Differs from M. foetidus in absence of smell.

[xerotoides, Tr. P. umbilicate, umber, striate; g. broadly ad-
nate, becoming greyish ; s. velvety, base thickened, strigose.

[lagopinus, Fr. P. convex, even, glabrous, pallid ; g. aduate,
pallid ; s. pallid, white floccose half way up, apex naked.

amadelphus, Fr. P. 3 — 4 mm. soon plane, disc slightly pruinose,
margin at length striate, pale reddish-yellow ; g. broadly adnate,
broad ; s. pallid, bay below, slightly pruinose 1 — 1'5 cm.; sp. 4 x 25.

var. insignis. G. very distant, pale umber.

ramealis, Fr. P. 2 — 4 mm. opaque, rugulose, not striate, white,
disc often tinged rufescent ; g. rather distant, narrow, white, adnate;
s. 1 cm. white, mealy, base darker ; sp. 4 x 2.

candidus, Bolt. Entirely white. P. up to 0'5 cm. pellucid,
wrinkled, naked ; g. aduexed ; s. 1 — 2 cm. whitish, slightly pruinose,
base tinged brownish ; sp. 4 x 2.

60 Marasmius.

B. MYCENA. Stem horny, fistulose but often with a
pith, tough, dry, mycelium rhizomorphoid, cortex not
floccose, edge of pileus straight and adpressed to stem
at first.

I. CHORDALES. Stem rigid, rooting, or adnate by a

alliaceus, Fr. Smell of garlic. P. 2'4 cm. subumb. even then
striate or sulcate, greyish ; g. free ; s. 6 — 10 cm. minutely velvety,
blackish; sp. 14—16x8.

molyoides, Fr. Smell somewhat unpleasant. P. soon plane,
even, brownish then pale; g. free, crowded, white; s. tall, hollow,
glabrous, blackish brown.

[chordalis, Fr. P. plicate, brownish ; g. adnato-decurrent, white ;
s. elongated, straight, velvety, blackish brown, stuffed, rooting.

cauticinalis, Fr. P. about 1 cm. yellowish, even then striato-
sulcate ; g. adnato-decur. connected by veins, yellow ; s. 3 — 6 cm.
flocculpse, bay, paler and mealy upwards ; sp. 7 x 3 — 5.

[schizopus, Seer. P. very thin, campan. plicato-sulcate, whitish ;
g. thick, distant, white, with a collar; s. whitish, base a darker
dilated tubercle.

[torquatus, Fr. P. campan. sulcate, whitish ; g. thick, attached
to a collar ; s. whitish, with a darker tubercular dilated base.

II. ROTULAE. Stem filiform, flaccid, base entering
matrix abruptly.

* Stem very glabrous, shining.

rotula, Fr. P. 4—7 mm. umbilicate, plicate, whitish or disc
slightly tinged; g. attached to a free collar encircling the stem;
s. 2—4 cm. glabrous, blackish, shining ; sp. 6 x 3 — 4.

[littoralis, Q. P. umbil. plicate, white ; g. free, distant ; s. horny,
umber, apex pale, base downy.

graminum, Berk. P. up to 1 cm. umb. striate or sulcate, pale
rufous, disc darker ; g. attached to a collar encircling stem, few in
number ; s. 2 — 4 cm. black, shining, glabrous, apex paler : sp.
subgl. 3—4.

[epodius, Bres. P. convexo-campan. exp. usually umb. and depr.
edge at first incurved, sulcate, centre usually reticulated, reddish-
yellow then pale ; g. free, white then yellowish ; s. very glabrous,
rufescent then bay, apex hyaline, base bulbillose substrigose; sp.
20—28 x 2-5—4.

Marasmius. 61

[Menieri, Boud. P. 1—3 mm. excentric, broadly subumb.
punctulate tawny ; g. fold-like, few, branched, paler than p. ; s.
curved, tawny, base black; sp. 18 — 25x5 — 7.

[faveolaris, Fr. P. sulcate, exp. disc coloured ; g. attached to
a ring, anastomosing to form cells ; s. glabrous, subulate, bay below.

androsaceus, Fr. P. 1 — 1-5 cm. whitish, umbilicate striate;
g. adnate to stem ; s. 3 — 6 cm. black, glabrous, polished ; sp. 7 x 3 — 4.

[sclerotipes, Bres. P. thin, convex, edge incurved then plane,
ruguloso-striate, shining white, umbil. yellowish, subflocculose ; g.
distant, adnate, white, edge fimbriate ; s. filiform, tinged rufescent
downwards, adnate to a rufescent sclerotium.

Passed as Gollybia cirrhata very frequently. The latter differs
in not springing from a sclerotium. Collybia tuberosa differs in
growing on fungi.

[Bulliardi, Q. P. plicate, dingy yellow brown ; g. whitish ;
s. bay.

splachnoides, Fr. Inodorous. P. up to 1 cm. whitish, sub-
umbilicate, striate ; g. subdecurrent ; s. 2 — 4 cm. polished, reddish-
brown ; sp. 8 x 5.

Similar in habit to M. perforans, but no smell, and white sub-
decurrent gills.

[limosus, Q. Very minute. P. plicate, diaphanous, whitish;
s. capillary, brownish.

flosculus, Q. P. white, umbil. sulcate ; g. adnate, white ; s. short,
incurved, bay, apex pale.

Curreyi, B. & Br. P. up to 1 cm. pale rufous, coarsely striate,
umb. tawny; g. attached to collar; s. 2 — 3 cm. polished, blackish,
apex white ; sp. 9 x 5 — 6.

* * Stem velvety or pilose.

perforans, Fr. Foetid. P. up to 1 cm. whitish or tinged rufous,
plane, not striate, rugulose ; g. adnate ; s. 2 — 3 cm. minutely velvety,
blackish brown ; sp. 4 x 3.

insititius, Fr. Inodorous. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. subumbilicate, at
length plicate, pale yellow-brown then whitish; g. broadly adnate,
simple, unequal, distant; s. 2 — 3 cm. floccose or scurfy, reddish-
brown ; sp. 4 x 2 '5.

Hudson!, Pers. P. 2 — 3 mm. rugulose, tinged brown, covered
with spreading purplish hairs; g. white; s. 1 — T5 cm. with hairs
like the pileus ; sp. 5 x 3.

[him, Fr. P. sulcate, minutely squamulose, tawny; g. few;
s. blackish purple, pilose below, glabrous above.

epichloe, Fr. P. 4—5 mm. plane, papillate, even, whitish, disc
darker ; g. broadest behind ; s. 2 — 3 cm. bay, coarsely striate, striae
setulose ; sp. 3 x 2.

actinophorus, B. & Br. P. 2 — 3 mm. umbilicate, pale bay with

62 Marasmius — Lactarius.

darker radiating lines, wrinkled when dry ; g. adnexed ; s. 1—2 cm.
paler than pileus ; sp. subgl. 3—4.

saccharinus, Batsch. P. 2—4 mm. subpapillate, glabrous, sulcate,
whitish; g. broadly adnate, connected by veins; s. 1'5 — 2'5 cm.
reddish, minutely flocculose, then almost glabrous; sp. 5x3.

Resembling M. polyadelphus, but not clustered, and papillate

epiphyllus, Fr. P. 4 — 6 cm. umbilicate, wrinkled, white; g.
adnate, distant, veined ; s. 3 — 5 cm. bay, minutely velvety, apex pale ;
sp. 3x2.

C. APUS. Pileus sessile, resupinate.

spodoleucus, B. & Br. P. 4 — 5 mm. shell-shaped, resupinate,
sessile, grey, slightly pulverulent ; gills few, white.

[recubans, Q. P. hemisph. sulcate, white ; g. white ; s. capillary,
villose, brown.

LACTARIUS, Fr.

* Milk yellow, acrid.

[resimus, Fr. P. fleshy, umbil. then infundib. even, glabrous,
viscid, white or pallid, edge incurved and tomentose then spread-
ing and naked; g. decur. white; s. stout, hollow, villose; milk
soon sulphur colour; sp. 8 — 10x6 — 7.

scrobiculatus, Scop. P. 10—20 cm. yellowish, depr. zoneless,
incurved margin fibrillose ; g. decur. whitish ; s. 4 — 8 cm. stout,
yellow, pitted ; milk soon sulphur yellow ; sp. subgl. echin. 7 — 8.
(10—12x8—9 Sacc.)

ch.rysorrh.eus, Fr. P. 4 — 6 cm. umbil. then infundib. pale
yellowish flesh colour, zoned ; g. yellowish ; s. white, 3 — 4 cm. ;
milk white then golden yellow ; sp. 6 — 7 .

intermedius, Kromb. P. 10 — 14 cm. infundib. viscid, ochra-
ceous, incurved margin tomentose at first; g. decur.; s. 3 — 5 cm.
stout, yellowish, pitted ; milk soon yellowish ; sp. — .

Differs from L. scrobiculatus in infundibiliform pileus.

theiogalus, Bull. P. 3—6 cm. depr. viscid, tawny rufous; g.
pale rufescent ; s. 3 — 5 cm. colour of p. ; milk white then sulphur
yellow, becoming acrid ; sp. 7 — 8.

Agrees with L. chrysorrheus in yellow milk, but differs in
tawny rufous stem.

** Milk violet.
f Milk acrid.

aspideus, Fr. Dingy straw colour. P. 5 — 9 cm. zoneless,
convex then depr. at first with white down ; g. narrow, thickish ;

Lactarius. 63

s. 5 — 7 cm. glabrous, dry: milk white soon becoming lilac- SD
echin. 8—10.

Differs from L. uvidus in narrow gills.

uvidus, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. thin, depr. zoneless, dingy tan ; g.
broad, white; s. 5—8 cm. viscid, pallid; milk white soon lilac-
sp. 9— 10. (5—6 Sacc.)

[flavidus, Bond. P. exp. viscid pale primrose yellow ; g.
whitish ; s. solid, white with yellow tinge ; milk white then deep
violet ; sp. 6 — 7.

ff Milk sweet.

[violascens, Fr. P. depr. glabrous, grey with darker zones;
g. white ; s. solid, greyish white ; milk violet.

* * * Milk reddish, saffron, or brownish.
•f Milk acrid.

deliciosus, Fr: P. 7 — 12 cm. convex, umbiL dusky orange,
zoned; g. subdecurrent, orange; s. 3 — 6 cm. smooth; milk saffron
red ; sp. 9 — 10 x 7 — 8. Every part becoming red then greenish when
bruised ; sp. 7—10. Edible.

[flammeolus, Fr. P. subumb. not zoned, flame coloured; g.
adnate, yellow; s. hollow, pale orange; milk reddish, slowly acrid.

Differs from L. mitissimus in red milk.

acris, Fr. P. 6 — 7 cm. soon infundib. viscid, sooty grey; g.
pale yellow ; s. often excentric, pallid, narrowed below ; milk white
then reddish ; sp. 8 — 9 x 6 — 8.

fuliginosus, Fr. P. 4 — 9 cm. soon depr. obtuse, even, at first
with sooty- brown powder, then naked and greyish tan ; g. adnate,
white then tan ; s. 6 — 8 cm. stuffed, naked, greyish tan ; milk
and flesh white then reddish-yellow; sp. 8 — 9.

Distinguished from allies by pileus not being velvety.

[fuscus, Roll. Caespitose, scented. P. exp. and slightly depr.
round the umb. edge grooved, fibrillose or squamulose, sooty grey
or dingy violet, often zoned ; g. forked, pallid then ochre ; s. firm
ochre or tinged red, pruinose.

[argematus, Fr. White. P. thin, exp. glabrous, edge even ;
g. adnate, crowded; s. stuffed, short, glabrous; milk slowly acrid,
white then rufescent.

ft Milk mild.

retispoms, Mass. P. 5 — 8 cm. depr. smoky brown, velvety,
radially rugulose, minutely velvety; g. deeply sinuate, pale ochre;
s. 3 — 5 cm. glabrous, paler than p. ; milk white then brown ; sp.
globose, 10 — 11, with a raised network.

Close to L. ligniotm, differing especially in the spores.

64 Lactarius.

[sangifluus, Fr. P. depr. even, not zoned, blood-red ; s. narrowed
upwards, paler ; g. thin, white ; milk blood-red ; sp. 10.

* * * * Milk becoming grey.

vietus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. subumb. then plane and umbil. flesh
colour, pale and silky when dry; g. subdecurrent ; 4 — 6 cm. soon
hollow, livid ; milk white then grey, becoming acrid ; sp. 7—8.

[musteus, Fr. P. convex then depr. zoneless, very viscid when
moist, gilvous then pallid ; g. closely crowded, whitish ; s. short,
whitish; milk scanty, slightly acrid, whitish then grey, as is the
flesh when cut ; sp. 6 — 9.

***** Milk becoming glaucous-green.

glaucescens, Crossl. P. 4—6 cm. whitish, depressed, flesh thick ;
g. adnate, narrow, pallid; s. 2'5 — 3 long by V25 thick, whitish;
milk white then glaucous-green ; sp. echinulate, 6 — 7/x.

****** Milk persistently white.

f Milk mild.
§ Gills rufescent or yellowish.

volemus, Fr. P. 6—10 cm. rigid, depr. obtuse, dry, glabrous,
golden tawny at length minutely broken up; g. decur. crowded,
yellowish ; s. 5 — 9 cm. solid, stout, coloured like p. pruinose ; milk
white ; sp. 5—6. Edible.

ichoratus, Batsch. P. 6 — 10 cm. thin, depr. even, glabrous,
wavy, tawny, zoned ; g. adnate, white then ochre ; s. 3 — 7 cm.
glabrous, tawny; milk white; sp. 8 — 10x6 — 7.

Differs from L. volemus in zoned p. and in being altogether
more slender. L. tithymalinus differs in acrid milk and pinkish
gills.

mitissimus, Fr. P. 2'6 cm. depr. papillate, dry, even, zoneless,
deep orange, shining ; g. crowded, paler than p. ; s. 3 — 6 cm.
hollow, orange; milk white; sp. 6 — 8x5 — 6.

Differs from L. subdulcis in bright orange, shining p., and
copious milk.

quietus, Fr. Smell oily. P. 5 — 8 cm. depr. viscid at first,
reddish cinnamon, pale and rather silky when dry; g. paler than
p. ; s. 5 — 8 cm. colour of p. glabrous ; milk white ; sp. 8 — 10 x 6 — 7.

serifluus, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. plane then depr. rather wavy,
glabrous, not zoned, tawny brown, margin incurved; g. crowded,
yellowish ; s. 2 — 4 cm. slightly incurved, paler than p. solid ; milk
scanty, watery ; sp. 7 — 8.

Differs from L. subdulcis in solid stem.

Lactarius. 65

camphoratus, Fr. Smell strong, pleasant. P. 3 — 5 cm. thin,
depr. dry, glabrous, reddish-brown, slightly zoned, rather wavy; g.
adnate, reddish-yellow ; s. 2 — 3 cm. subundulate, colour of p. ; milk
white ; sp. 8 — 9.

Smell strong and fragrant, especially when dry.

L. cimicarius has a very strong smell when quite fresh, but none
when dry.

subumbonatus, Lindgr. P. 2 — 3 cm. thin, depr. subumb. rugose,
punctate, wavy, dusky cinnamon, flesh grey then yellowish ; g. adnate,
pinkish rufous ; s. 2—3 cm. stuffed, rufescent ; milk watery, whitish ;
sp. 5—6. (9, Sacc.)

Smell foetid when dry.

tomentosus, Otto. P. 5 — 7 cm. umb. then depr. or infundib.
downy, dingy flesh colour or brownish ; g. tinged reddish-yellow ;
8. 4 — 5 cm. soon hollow, pallid, naked, smooth ; milk white ; sp.
8—9.

helvus, Fr. P. 5—9 cm. fragile, plane, subumb. pale brick red,
broken up into floccose squamules ; g. decurrent, soon ochraceous ;
s. 5 — 8 cm. brick red, pruinosely pubescent; milk scanty, white,
rather sweet ; sp. 8 — 9.

L. tomentosus differs in the naked stem.

squalidus, Kromb. P. 2 — 5 cm. umbil. pale greyish olive or
lurid ; g. narrow, yellowish ; s. 4 — 5 cm. solid, equal, glabrous, pale
brown ; milk whitish ; sp. 6 — 10.

About size of L. pyrogalus, but gills narrow and milk mild.

ligniotus, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. umb. plicato-rugulose, pruin-
osely velvety, sooty umber; g. adnate, snow-white then tinged
ochre; s. 6—12 cm. colour of p., apex constricted and plicate;
milk white ; sp. echinulate, 9 — 10.

Known by rugulose pileus and mild milk.

§§ Gills pallid.

pallidus, Fr. P. 6 — 10 cm. umbil. viscid, pale ochraceous tan,
zoneless ; g. crowded, pallid, pruinose ; s. 3 — 5 cm. pallid tan, soon
hollow ; milk white ; sp. 9 — 10 x 7 — 8.

cremor, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. soon plane, minutely punctate, tawny,
margin striate ; g. adnate, pallid ; s. 3—4 cm. hollow, coloured like
p. ; milk whitish, watery ; sp. 9 — 10.

var. pauper, Karst. P. 7 cm. margin sulcate ; milk none ;
sp. 10.

[mbrocinctus, Fr. P. plane, tawny then paler; g adnate,
pallid ; s. pallid with a pale red zone at the apex ; milk scanty,
white.

66 Lcwtarius.

tf Milk acrid.
§ Gills whitish or pallid.

vellereus, Fr. White. P. 9 — 18 cm. umbil. tomentose, zoneless ;
g. decurrent, distant; s. solid, pubescent, 5 — 8 cm.; milk scanty,
white ; sp. 8 x 6.

piperatus, Fr. White. P. 7—18 cm. thick, firm, umbil. then
infundib. edge erect, glabrous, even ; g. decur. crowded, narrow,
forked ; s. 3 — 4 cm. stout, smooth, solid ; milk copious, white, acrid ;
sp. 8—9.

pergamenus, Fr. White. P. 5 — 8 cm. plane then depr. wavy,
rugulose; g. adnate, very narrow, horizontal, tinged straw colour;
s. glabrous, discoloured, 7—10 cm. ; milk white ; sp. 8x6.

Differs from L. piperatus in crowded narrow gills, longer stem,
and thinner pileus.

Scoticus, B. and Br. Pallid white, smell pungent. P. 2'4 cm.
soon plane, tomentose then smooth except iucurved margin ; g. thin,
rather broad ; s. 2 — 3 cm. solid, tinged pink ; milk white ; sp. 7 — 8.

involutus, Soppitt. White. P. 2 — 4 cm. plane or depr. in-
curved edge silky ; g. subdecurrent, very narrow, densely crowded;
s. 2— 2'5 cm. glabrous, solid ; milk white ; sp. elliptical, 5x3.

Differs from L. scoticus and all known species in the smooth,
elliptical spores.

torminosus, Schaeff. P. 6 — 9 cm. obt. depr. slightly zoned,
margin strongly involute and shaggy, tinged flesh colour or ochre ;
g. subdecur. pale ; s. 5 — 8 cm. paler than p. ; milk white ; sp. echin.
9—10x7—8.

Differs from L. cilicioides in zoned pileus and white milk.

cilicioides, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. soft, not zoned, exp. and depr.
margin fibriUose, pale flesh colour with rufous tinge ; g. decur.
somewhat branched; s. 5—8 cm. stuffed, even, silky, not spotted,
pallid ; milk white or faintly tinged yellow ; sp. 8 x 6 — 7, echinu-
late.

pubescens, Fr. P. 5 — 8 cm. thin, exp. umbil. zoneless, whitish,
margin pubescent; g. crowded, tinged pink; s. 2 — 4 cm. pinkish
then pale, narrowed downwards ; milk white ; sp. echin. 7 — 8.

Differs from L. torminosus and L. cilicioides in the margin being
only downy.

insulsus, Fr. P. 6—9 cm. soon infundib. viscid, slightly zoned,
yellowish or reddish, margin naked ; g. forked, pallid ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
stuffed then hollow, pallid ; milk white ; sp. echin. 10 x 8.

L. zonarius differs in the solid stem.

hysginus, Fr. P. 6—10 cm. rigid, umbil. viscid, thin margin
incurved, reddish flesh colour : g. crowded ; s. 5 — 9 cm. stuffed
then hollow ; milk white : sp. 10 x 7 — 8.

Lactarius. 67

[luridus, Fr. P. fleshy, almost plane, even, viscid, slightly
zoned, rufous-grey, edge bent down ; g. decur. whitish ; milk white,
acrid ; s. hollow, pallid ; sp 8x6.

zonarius, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. compact, viscid, pale orange or
yellowish, zoned ; g. whitish ; s. 5 — 8 cm. solid, yellowish ; milk
white ; sp. 9 — 10x8.

circellatus, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. soon plane, wavy, viscid, brownish,
zones and umbilicate disc darker : g. crowded, whitish ; s. solid,
narrowed below, pallid ; milk white ; sp. 7 — 8.

L.flexuosus differs in yellow gills.

trivialis, Fr. 9 — 18 cm. depr. viscid, zoneless, pale yellowish
or pinky tan, margin incurved ; g. crowded, white ; s. 3 — 8 cm.
paler than p., hollow; milk white ; sp. 9 — 10.

turpis, Fr. P. 6 — 14 cm. rigid, depr. zoneless, viscid, olive-
umber, margin at first with yellow down ; g. thin, pallid ; s. 3 — 6
cm. viscid, olive, narrowed at base ; milk white ; sp. echin. 6 — 8.

Differs from L. blennius in absence of circles of spots on pileus.

umbrinus, Pers. P. 5 — 8 cm. plane, umbil. wavy, dry, floccose,
umber, not zoned ; g. crowded, pallid ; s. solid, very short, 2 cm.
greyish white ; milk white, forming grey spots ; sp. 8 — 9.

blennius, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. depr. glutinous, dingy olive grey,
often concentrically spotted, margin at first incurved; g. crowded;
s. 3—5 cm. viscid, coloured like pileus ; milk white ; sp. 7 — 8 x 6.

[lividus, Lamb. P. convex then plane or depr. not distinctly
zoned, pale livid, centre fuscescent, viscid (?) ; g. subdecur. pale
livid, crowded ; s. livid, solid, curved ; milk white, acrid.

[impolitus, Fr. P. convex then depr. subumb. dry, silky, not
zoned, becoming pale ; g. adnate, crowded, pallid ; s. glabrous but
not polished, reddish white ; milk white, acrid.

§§ Gills rufescent or yellowish.

rufus, Scop. P. 6 — 9 cm. umb. depr. flocculose then glabrous,
zoneless, rufous bay, shining; g. yellowish rufous; s. 5 — 8 cm.
rufescent ; milk white ; sp. 7 — 9.

[decipiens, Q. P. moist then puberulent, reddish flesh-colour;
g. narrow, tinged flesh-colour; s. slender, paler than p., milk very
acrid ; sp. 8 — 9.

[maliodorus, Boud. Smell unpleasant. P. infundib. dry, rather
viscid when moist, tawny ochre or tawny brick-red, zones formed
of darker spots, edge glabrous; g. subdecur. pallid then like p.;
s. short, rugose ; flesh tawny, milk white, acrid.

Differs from L. quietus in brighter colour and acrid milk.

capsicum, Schulz. P. 3 — 6 cm. obtuse, deep chestnut colour,
margin strongly incurved ; g. tawny ; s. white with tawny fibrils ;
milk white ; sp. 6 — 7.

5—2

68 Lactarius.

[tithymalinus, Fr. P. umb. then convex, depr. dry, even, gla-
brous, not zoned, yellow, disc rufescent ; g. adnate, crowded, yellowish
then flesh-colour; s. glabrous, colour of p.; milk white, acrid.

subdulcis, Fr. P. 3 — 6 cm. thin, at length depr. papillate, even,
glabrous, zoueless, bay or rufous cinnamon, not turning pale ; g.
adnate, paler than p. ; s. 3 — 5 cm. soon hollow, equal, rufescent,
slightly pruinose ; milk white, sweet at first then very slightly acrid ;

var. concavus, Fr. P. rufous bay ; g. reddish, pruinose ; mild.

var. sphagneti, Fr. P. shining, margin creuate; s. hollow, gla-
brous.

Terrei, B. and Br. Caespitose. P. 1 — 2 cm. wrinkled, depr.
bay ; g. decur. pallid ; s. thickened at base, hollow, with orauge
down ; smell sweet.

[rubescens, Bres. P. convexo-plane then depr. rarely subuinb.
polished, dry, edge at first incurved and white-pruinose, pinkish
brick-red then paler; g. crowded, pallid then pinkish-rufescent,
subdecur. ; s. colour of p. ; milk white, sparingly acrid ; sp. 7 — 8.

cimicarius, Batsch. Smell unpleasant, oily. P. 2 — 4 cm. depr.
or infund. wavy, dark bay brown ; g. reddish ochre, subdecur. ; s.
2 — 3 cm. paler than p. ; milk white ; sp. 7 — 8.

Smell strong, said to resemble bugs.

obnubilus, Lasch. P. 2 — 3 cm. thin, convex, umbil. sooty
brown, slightly striate ; g. rather crowded, yellowish ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
stuffed, slender, paler than p. ; milk white ; sp. 8 — 9.

var. crenatus, Mass. P. 3 — 5 cm. sooty brown, coarsely sulcate,
margin crenate.

flexuosus, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. dry, depr. wavy, lead colour or
with lilac tinge, becoming squamulose ; g. thick, distant, yellow;
s. 5 — 8 cm. stout, solid, greyish ; milk white ; sp. 6 — 8.

var. roseozonatus, Fr. P. rose colour, zones darker.

Differs from L. Uennius in yellow gills.

plumbeus, Fr. P. 8 — 14 cm. convex then infundib. dry, dull,
sooty then blackish brown ; g. crowded, tinged yellow ; s. solid,
equal, stout ; milk white, acrid ; sp. 6 — 8 x 4 — 6.

[capsicoides, Fr. P. compact, convex-incurved, wavy, dry,
glabrous, not zoned, flesh-colour ; g. broad, crowded, whitish ; s.
solid, short, thick.

Differs from L. flexuosus in broad, crowded, white g.

[jecorinus, Fr. P. convex then plano-depr. rugulose with ele-
vated ridges, zoneless, viscid, reddish liver-colour ; g. distant, yellow ;
s. hollow, pallid ; milk white, acrid ; sp. 10.

[crampylus, Fr. P. convex, umbil. everywhere rugulosely toinen-
tose, zoneless, sooty red, edge downy; g. yellow; s. greyish; milk
white, acrid.

pannucius, Fr. P. piano-discoid, zoneless, glabrous, brick-red,
edge white-tomentose at first ; g. yellow ; s. elongated ; milk white,
acrid.

Lactarius. 69

[fluens, Boud. P. convex, viscid, blackish olive, centre scarcely
zoned, edge pale ; g. adnate, ochre with grey tinge later ; s. solid,
rather viscid greyish ochre, brown when bruised like gills ; milk
acrid, white then brownish.

Differs from L. blennius in larger size, tufted habit, convex p.
and darker colour.

fascinans, Fr. P. convex then depr. viscid, brownish brick-red,
zoneless, edge downy white at first ; g. thickish, yellowish ; s. hollow,
pallid ; milk white.

cyathicula, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. plane, umb. brick- red then pale,
broken up, opaque ; g. decurrent, crowded, yellowish ; s. 4—5 cm.
pallid ; milk white ; sp. 6—8.

glyciosmus, Fr. Strong scented. P. 3 — 7 cm. soon exp. umb.
squamulose, greyish or brownish, opaque ; g. soon pale ochre ; s.
2 — 3 cm. pubescent, pallid ; milk white ; sp. 6 — 10.

\ar.Jlexuosus, Fr. P. wavy, somewhat zoned.

pyrogalus, Bull. P. 5 — 8 cm. exp. depr. livid grey ; g. thin,
ochraceous ; s. 3 — 4 cm. hollow, pallid ; milk white ; sp. 7—10.

L.flexuosus differs in larger size, thick gills, and squamulose dark
pileus.

utilis, Weinm. P. 10 — 20 cm. exp. then infund. glabrous, tan ;
g. adnate ; s. 5—8 cm. hollow, even, coloured like p. ; milk white ;
sp. 7—9 x 5—6.

niammosus, Fr. P. 4 — 6 cm. acutely umb. then depr. zoneless,
dry, greyish brown or lurid, covered with grey down ; g. adnate,
pale rusty ; s. 5 — 7 cm. stuffed then hollow, pallid, downy ; milk
white, slowly acrid ; sp. 8 — 9.

aurantiacus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. depr. even, zoneless, slightly
viscid dull orange ; g. decurrent, ochre ; s. 6 — 7 cm. coloured like
p. ; milk white, becoming acrid ; sp. 9—10.

L. volemus differs in pruinose stem, and L. mitissimus in mild
milk.

[Porinae, Roll. P. very firm, rugose, glabrous, viscid, orange
yellow, generally with red zones, convex then plane, at length in-
fundib. irreg. subumb. edge even incurved ; g. yellow then ochre,
crowded ; s. ochre, rooting ; milk white, scanty, rather acrid ;
sp. 7'5.

picinus, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. convex then plane, umb. brownish
umber, at first villosely velvety then disc almost glabrous ; g. adnate,
much crowded, ochre ; s. 4 — 7 cm. even, glabrous, paler ; milk
white ; sp. 9—10. (5—6 Sacc.)

Velvety p. and acrid milk mark this species.

spinulosus, Q. P. 2 — 3 cm. depr. umbo acute, flesh colour or
rosy, with minute erect spines towards margin ; g. decur. flesh
colour with yellow tinge ; s. 2 — 3 cm. flexuous, rugulose, paler than
p. ; milk white ; sp. 8.

var. violaveus, Cke. P. rosy violet ; s. almost smooth.

lilacinus, Lasch. P. 2 — 5 cm. depr. papillate, rosy-lilac, floccose

70 Lactarius — Hygrophorus.

when dry ; g. adnate, tinged pink ; s. 2—3 cm. pallid with a white
bloom ; milk white ; sp. 7 — 10.

lateritioroseus, Karat. P. plano-depr. often subinfundib. and
irreg. granulose or squamulose especially near the edge, zoneless
or nearly so, pale brick-red with rosy tinge ; g. decur. pinkish ; s.
solid, colour of p., apex with white meal; milk scanty, white,
acrid ; sp. 9 — 10 x 8 — 9.

Differs from Lact. Ulacinus in decur. g. and pileus not floccose.

controversus, Pers. P. 7 — 12 cm. umbil. then infundib. whitish
with red spots or zones ; g. closely crowded, soon with flesh-coloured
tint ; s. 3 — 5 cm. white ; milk white ; sp. echin. 6 — 8.

[viridis, Fr. P. depr. wavy, dry, green ; g. white tinged rufous ;
s. hollow, stout, base narrowed ; milk white ; sp. 8'5 x 6.

[tabidus, Fr. P. submembranaceous, acutely umb., reddish
then pale, edge striate when moist ; s. subfistulose, pallid ; g. flaccid,
pallid ; milk ; sp. 8 x 4—5.

Recognised by very thin, acutely umbonate p. ; owing to absence
of description of milk, position uncertain.

[rutaceus, Lasch. P. subdepr. almost glabrous, opaque, reddish-
fawn ; g. subdecur. crowded, narrow, yellowish clay-colour.

Smell like Ruta graveolens, taste bitter and of camphor.

Stem excentric or lateral ; growing on wood.

[Lateripes, Fr. P. white tinged rosy, subdimidiate ; g. crowded,
pallid ; s. lateral ; milk white, rather acrid.

[hometi, Gill. P. lateral, fleshy, convex, pale yellowish ochre,
edge irreg. flesh white then violet ; g. slightly decur. narrowed at
both ends, pallid, spotted violet ; s. lateral, stout, colour of p.

minimus, W. G. Sm. P. 1 cm. convex, subumb. excentric,
pallid tan ; g. subdecur. pallid ; s. 1 cm. solid, coloured like p. ;
milk abundant, white ; sp. 3 — 4.

obliquus, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3—4 cm. thin, depr. oblique,
lobed, zoned greyish, silky; g. crowded; s. subexcentric, curved;
milk white ; sp. 5 — 6.

HYGROPHORUS, Fr.

I. LIMACIUM. Pileus viscid, stem also often so ; secondary
veil floccose, forming a ring or attached to edge of p. ;
s. squamulose, or scabrid at apex ; g. adnato-decur.

* White or yellowish,

[ligatus, Fr. White. P. convexo-plane, even ; g. thick, distant ;
s. long, fibrillose, apex naked, ring inferior, subappend. ; sp. 8 — 10
x 4 — 5.

Sometimes tinged yellow, rarely spotted red.

Hygrophorus. 71

ckrysodon, Fr. White, edge of p. gills and upper part of stem
tinged yellow. P. 5 — 7 cm. exp. ; g. broad, thin ; s. 5 — 7 cm. yellow
squamules forming ring at apex ; sp. 8 x 4.

[gliocyclus, Fr. P. exp. pallid-white, very glutinous ; g. decur.
distant, permanently white ; s. with inferior glutinous ring.

[hyacinthinus, Q. Fragrant. P. snow-white, viscid, silky-shining,
margin pubescent ; s. slender, striate, pruinose.

eburneus, Bull. White. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. even, edge soon naked ;
g. decur. distant, firm; s. 3 — 7 cm. viscid, rough with points at apex;
sp. 5x4.

Differs from H. cossus in pure white colour and absence of un-
pleasant suell.

[subpurpurascens, Allesch. P. hemispher. viscid, white, tan or
brownish wtteu dry ; g. decur. white, brownish-purple when dry ; s.
viscid, narrowed below and rooting, white, apex white-scurfy ; sp.
6—8 x 5—6.

cossus, Siw. Smell strong. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. glutinous, shining
when dry, white with yellow tinge, edge naked ; g. subdecnr. distant,
firm ; s. scurfj-punctate upwards ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4 — 5.

[melizeus, Fr. Straw colour. P. exp. depr. even; g. decur.
thin, distant ; s. soft, narrowed below, apex with white squamules.

penarius, Sow. P. 4—7 cm. P. umb. then exp. and obtuse,
usually dry, compact, pallid tan, opaque ; g. decur. distant, thick ;
s. 3 — 5 cm. glitinous then dry and rugulose, fusiformly rooting ;
sp. 7—8 x 3—4.

* * Reddish.

[purpurascens, Fr. P. whitish, disc with purplish squamules ;
g. decur. white tinged purple; s. white, bristling with purplish
squatnules, ring inferior.

[capreolarius, Kalchbr. Entirely purple rufous. P. soon dry,
virgate with dtrker fibrils, centre squamulosely punctate, flesh
reddish ; g. rigic, purplish then changing to cinnamon ; s. reticulately
striate with darker purple-umber fibrils.

erubescens, Fr. P. 5 — 12 cm. gibbous then convexo-plane,
white then deep rosy or dingy red ; g. soft, white spotted red ; s.
4 — 9 cm. reddish fibrillose, apex red punctate ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 5.

Usually growing in circles. Pileus and flesh white suffused with
red everywhere.

pudorinus, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. convex depr. viscid, clear reddish
flesh colour ; g. distant, thick, shining white ; s. 5 — 9 cm. white,
apex constricted and rough with points ; sp. 8 x 4.

Differs from H erubescens in pure white gills, and clearer colour
of p.

rubescens, Beck. P. convex, shining, flesh-colour or yellowish,
disc often somewhat tawny ; g. very distant, adnate, scarcely
decur., pale flesh-colour ; s. clavate from base, yellowish white,

72 Hygrophorus.

narrowed and floccosely-verruculose below gills ; sp. 7'5 — 10 x 4 — 7 ;
flesh of p. reddish.

Differs from H. pudorinus and H. discoideus in clavate s. and

[Queletii, Bres. F. convex-plane, subumb. white with pinkish
flecks at centre, epidermis becoming squamulose, edge at 5 rst in-
curved and white-floccose, viscid ; g. adnato-decur. white or yellowish,
edge citrin ; s. solid, white, scurfy with reddish flecks ; sp. 8—9 x 5.

Sometimes entirely white and p. concentrically cracked.

glutinifer, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. exp. rufescent, pellicle glutinous,
disc rugosely punctate ; g. arcuato-decur. white ; s. 7 — 9 cia. stuffed,
ventricose below, viscid, colour of p., apex white souamulose ;

[leucophaeus, Fr. P. exp. pallid gilvous, disc rugosely punctate ;
g. adnate then decur. pallid ; s. hollow, narrowed below, pallid, apex
white floccose ; sp. 6 — 8 x 4.

[Secretani, Henn. ( = Ag. suaveolens,V&r. D. Seer.) Smell strong,
like aniseed. P. camp. exp. white, disc with rosy fibrils ; g. adnato-
decur. distant, thick, white then tan or yellowish ; s. wkite, glabrous,
apex white-floccose; sp. 11 — 13x5 — 6.

[persicinus, Beck. P. conic then hemispher. edge iicurved, peach
colour or somewhat orange, shining, even ; g. thick, both ends nar-
rowed, decur. edge very obtuse, fuscescent ; s. constricted below gills,
pale lilac-peach-colour, base yellowish ; sp. 15—20 x 5—6.

[miniaceus, Beck. P. convex then exp. fleshy, vsrmiliou brick-
red, centre innately floccose ; g. adnate, very distant broad, white ;
s. orange flesh-colour; flesh white soon reddish, deep rose under
cuticle of p. ; sp. 6 — 7.

* * * Tawny or yellow.

arbustiyus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. viscid, innately virgate, tawny;
g. aduate, thick, white ; s, solid, 3 — 4 cm. pallid, apex with loose white
mealy granules ; sp. 10x6.

discoideus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. depr. glutinous, pale gilvous,
disc dark and rusty ; g. adnato-decur. soft, colour of p. then pallid ;
s. viscid, flocculose, with white points upwards ; 3 — 5 cm. ; sp.
5_8 x 4—5.

[Friesii, Sacc. (H. nitidus, Fr. Mon., not B. and C.)- P- convex
then plane, obtuse, viscid, yellow ; g. deeply decur. white then pallid ;
8. solid, glabrous, viscid, apex even, white ; sp. 8 x 4 — 5.

[nitidus, Fr. P. exp. viscid, yellow ; g. deeply decur. distant,
white then pallid ; s. solid, glabrous, viscid, apex smooth, white.

aureus, Arrh. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. glutinous, golden yellow; g.
adnato-decur. white ; s. 4 — 5 cm. reddish tawny and glutinous up to
imperfect ring ; sp. 8 x 4.

[Bresadolae, Q. P. campan.-exp. umb. glutinous, clear yellow,
limb, orange tawny ; g. distant, thick, attenuato-decur. citrin or more

Hygrophorus. 73

or less white ; s. apex white, yellow-flocculose below ring, glutinous ;
sp. 8—10 x 6.

[lucorum, Kalchb. P. plano-depr. suburnb. viscid, whitish, disc
bright citrin, altogether yellowish when old ; g. adnato-decur. pallid
or citrin, edge white ; s. slender, base subbulbous, colour of p. ; sp.
7x4.

aromaticus, Sow. P. 5 — 7 cm. exp. very fragile, cinnamon,
glutinous ; g. subdecur. white with pink tinge ; s. 3 — 5 cm. equal,
colour of p.

Smell spicy, taste like peppermint. A fungus of uncertain
affinity.

* * * * Olivaceous-umber.

limacinus, Fr. P. 3 — 6 cm. convex, obtuse, umber then smoky
olive, edge paler ; g. adnato-decur. greyish white ; s. 5 — 7 cm. solid,
viscid, apex squamulose ; 12 x 8.

Differs from H. olivaceo-albus in squamulose apex of stem, and
from H. agathosmus in viscid stem.

[yignolius, Paniz. P. obtuse, very glutinous, olive; g. adnate,
greyish-purple then rusty, edge white; s. with dark concentric scales
or glutinous and fibrillose.

olivaceo-albus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. even, with olive gluten
which disappears leaving surface pale, umbo brown; g. adnato-decur.
white; s. 5 — 7 cm. viscid, with a floccose ring at first, scaly and
spotted brown, apex glabrous ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

hypothejus, Fr. P. 3 — 6 cm. exp. and more or less depr. thin,
olive gluten disappearing and leaving p. yellowish-olive or brownish,
virgate ; g. decur. yellow ; s. 5 — 9 cm. viscid, paler than p., trace of
ring when young; sp. 8 — 10x4 — 5.

H. olivaceo-albus differs in white gills.

cerasinus, B. Smell strong, like cherry-laurel. P. 2—3 cm. ob-
tusely umb. viscid, pale umber then greyish, margin downy; g. very
distant, tinged pink; s. 5 — 7 cm. white, apex squamulose; sp. 8x4.

***** Brownish grey or livid.

fusco-albus, Lasch. P. 4 — 5 cm. exp. even, viscid, brownish grey;
g. decur. broad, snow-white; s. 5 — 7 cm. equal, dry, apex white-
floccose; sp. 12 — 14x7 — 8.

agathosmus, Fr. Smell like aniseed. P. 3—5 cm. exp. gibbous,
viscid, livid grey, disc with crowded pellucid papillae; g. decur. soft,
white; s. 5 — 7 cm. dry, fibrillosely striate, rough with squamules up-
wards ; sp. 9 — 10x5.

[pustulatus, Fr. P. exp. umb. viscid, livid grey, umbo fuscous,
cracked into papillae ; g. adnato-decur. white, often glaucous ; s. equal,
white, rough with black points ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 5.

Va.r.terebratus,Fr. P. subumb. glabrous ; g. triquetrous ; s. wavy,
pure white, apex with black points.

74 Hygrophorus.

[tephroleucus, Fr. P. exp. then depr. round the brown umbo,
viscid, grey, adpressedly squamuloso-fibrillose ; g. decur. white; s.
solid, with black fibrils above.

[hyporrhodius, Otth. P. convex then depr. greyish brown, disc
squamulose ; g. slightly decur. both ends acute, rosy white, connected
by veins ; s. equal, white, granulosely squamulose.

[albidus, Karst. P. convexo-plane, urnb. cuticle longitudinally
interwoven, rugosely papillate near edge, even, whitish, viscid ; g.
adnato-decur. distant, shining white; s. equal, flocculose, white; sp.
8—10 x 6.

mesotephrus, B. P. 2 — 3 cm. hemispher. hygr. viscid, striate,
whitish with brown disc; g. decur. white, s. 3 — 5 cm. slender,
flexuous, white, viscid, apex granular; sp. 9 — 10 x 5.

livido-albus, Fr. P. 3 — 6 cm. even, glabrous, viscid, exp. obtuse,
thin, everywhere livid; g. decur. white; s. slender, even, almost
smooth; sp. 10x6.

Differs from H. eburneus in livid p. and glabrous s.

calophyllus, Karst. P. conico-convex, exp. obsoletely umb. viscid,
even, glabrous, sooty-fuscous ; g. decur. distant, joined by veins, rosy
or at length whitish; s. thicker below, wavy, pallid then sooty,
glabrous, even, dry; sp. 6 — 8x4 — 5.

II. CAMAROPHYLLUS. Veil absent. Stem not punctate
or scabrid. Pileus firm, moist in wet weather but not
viscid. Gills distant, arcuate.

* Gills deeply and at length obconically decurreut.

caprinus, Scop. P. 7 — 12 cm. fleshy, fragile, exp. umb. rather
wavy, sooty, fibrillose; g. very broad, thick, very distant, white then
glaucous ; s. 5 — 7 cm. solid, sooty fibrillose ; sp. 10 x 7 — 8.

leporinus, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. convex, gibbous, reddish-yellow,
fibril loso-floccose, opaque; g. decur. gilvous; s. 4 — 5cm. fibrillose,
pallid ; sp. subgl. 5 — 6.

Differs from H. pratensis in floccose p.

[alutaceorubens, Otth. P. convex then flat, yellowish red, disc
darker ; g. scarcely decur. reddish-yellow ; s. cylind. rather twisted,
apex reddish and mealy, whitish below.

[velutinus, Borsz. P. exp. gibbous then subdepr. even when
moist, floccosely squamulose when dry, tawny yellow ; g. deeply decur.
thick, orange ; s. fibrillosely squamulose, darker ; sp. 8 x 4.

nemoreus, Fr. P. 3—6 cm. equally fleshy, exp. almost glabrous,
tawny orange ; g. thick, distant, colour of p.; s. squamulose, fibroso-
striate, base nan-owed, pale ; sp. 6 — 7 x 5.

Differs from H. pratensis in squamulose, pale s., and from H.
leporinus in glabrous p.

pratensis, Fr. Every part tawny-yellow or buff. P. 2 — 7 cm.
disc very fleshy, gibbous, margin thin, altogether obconic ; g. deeply

Hygrophorus. 75

decur. thick, distant ; s. 3 — 5 cm. stuffed, even, glabrous, narrowed
downwards ; sp. 6 x 4.

Edible. Variable in size, sometimes all white or grey, s. often
pale.

Var. cinereus, Fr. P. and g. grey, s. whitish, slender.

Var. pattidus, B. and Br. P. depr. or infundib., edge wavy,
entirely pale ochre.

[bicolor, Karst. P. compact and thick, obconoid, convex, often
depr. whitish, even, glabrous, g. deeply decur. gilvous ; s. long, solid,
narrowed below, glabrous, whitish ; sp. 10 x 6.

[suberosus, Jacobasch. P. convex, subdepr. subturbinate, not
umb. reddish yellow, g. decur. pallid ; s. pallid, equal, floccosely to-
mentose ; sp. 37 — 5'5.

[Karstenii, Sacc. and Cub. P. fleshy, disc compact, convexo-
plane, glabrous, even, whitish ; g. deeply decur. distant, yellow ; s.
solid, narrowed below, wavy, whitish ; sp. 10 x 6.

virgineus, Wulf. White. P. 3 — 7 cm. fleshy, exp. obtuse then
depr. becoming cracked and floccose when dry ; g. distant, thickish ;
s. 3 — 5 cm. stuffed, firm, short, narrowed downwards ; sp. 8 — 10 x 5.
Edible.

Var. roseipes, Mass. Stem rosy downwards.

niveus, Fr. White. P. 1'5— 2'5 cm. tough, membranaceous,
convex, umbil. viscid ; g. thin, arcuate, distant ; s. 4 — 6 cm. slender,
equal ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4 — 5.

Differs from H. virgineus in smaller size, thin p. and slender
equal s.

russo-coriaceus, B. and Br. White, fragrant. P. 1'5 — 2 cm.
convex, disc fleshy, edge thin; g. thick, very distant; s. 1'5 — 2'5 cm.
solid, smooth, base narrowed; sp. 8x5.

Differs from H. niveus in thick disc, and smell resembling Russian
leather.

[helvella, Boud. P. hygr. glabrous, greyish ochre, obconic-
campan. edge sometimes wavy ; g. shortly decur. narrow, grey ; s.
whitish, equal, scurfy above, base thickened and downy.

[glaucus, Karst. P. convexo-plane, umb. then depr. and some-
what wavy, moist, glabrous, shining, even, glaucous ; g. deeply decur.
rather branched, glaucous ; s. wavy, with white down tlien glabrous,
white ; sp. 6—8, glob.

[clivalis, Fr. White, fragile. P. campan. exp. shining, edge at
first incurved then spreading, striate ; g. narrowed behind, nearly
free, ventricose, distant ; s. solid, short, fragile, narrowed below ;
sp. 6—7 x 4.

ventricosus, B. and Br. White. P. 4 — 7 cm. convex, disc fleshy,
edge thin, sometimes irreg. ; g. deeply decur. narrow ; s. 4 — 7 cm.
ventricose, solid, smooth ; sp. 7 x 4.

Known among white sp. by fleshy p. and stout, ventricose stem.

76 Hygrophorus.

* * Gills ventricose, sinuato-arcuate or plano-adnate.

fornicatus, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. campan. then exp. even, glabrous,
viscid, white or livid ; g. sinuato-adnexed, thick, white ; s. 5 — 7 cm.
firm, equal, tough, glabrous, white ; sp. 5 — 6 x 3.

Stem solid below, apex hollow. Pileus obsoletely umb. rather
wavy ; gills sometimes free, writh a decurrent tooth, not decurrent as
in H. virgineus.

distans, B. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. or depr. umbil. thin, viscid, white
with silky sheen, sometimes stained with brown; g. adnate, very
distant, white ; s. 3 — 4 cm. white above, rather narrowed and greyish
below ; sp. 10 x 8.

[streptopus, Fr. Fragile, splitting. P. campan. exp. greyish
white ; g. sinuato-adnate, rather crowded, white ; s. hollow, rather
twisted, white.

Clarkii, B. and Br. P. 3 — 5 cm. fragile, thin, exp. subumb. viscid,
livid grey ; g. adnate with decur. tooth, broad, thick, distant, white ;
s. 4—7 cm. grey, base white ; sp. subgl. 12 x 10.

H. distans differs in white umbilic. p.

metapodius, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. compact, exp. viscid then silky
squamulose, brownish ; g. arcuato-decur. thick, distant, greyish ;
s. 3 — 4 cm. glabrous, grey, reddish inside ; sp. 8 x 5.

ovinus, Bull. P. 3 — 5 cm. thin, conical then exp. gibbous, viscid
then squamulose, fuscous; g. arcuato-adnate, connected by veins,
grey then rufescent ; s. 4 — 5 cm. glabrous, often twisted, pallid or
dark ; sp. 5 x 3 — 4.

Differs from H. metapodius in thin p. subequal s. and thinner g.

[connatus, Karst. P. thin, convexo-exp. unequal, dry, even, grey
then pallid, silky-white then glabrous ; g. decur. distant, branched,
narrow, grey ; s. solid, rather wavy, squamulose above, colour of p. ;
sp. 7—9 x 4—5.

[flavus, Lamb. Smell like new meal. P. convex, exp. then
umbil. edge sublobed, glabrous, even, yellowish; g. adnexed with
decur. tooth, very broad, ventricose, distant, whitish ; s. equal, even,
cylindrical, colour of p.

subradiatus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. submembranaceous, subumb.
radiato-striate, brownish ; g. adnate with decur. tooth, thin, white ;
s. 3 — 6 cm. fistulose, glabrous, pallid ; sp. 8 x 5.

Var. lacmus, Fr. P. platio-depr. lilac then pallid, disc sometimes
fibrillose ; g. grey.

irrigatus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. thin, campan. then exp. subumb. livid,
lubricous ; g. whitish, with a decur. tooth ; s. 4 — 7 cm. grey, very
viscid ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

H. unguinosus differs in the sooty-grey gluten.

Hygrophorus. 77

III. HYGROCYBE. Veil absent. Entire fungus thin,
watery, fragile. P. viscid when moist, shining when
dry, rarely floccose. Often bright coloured.

* Gills decurrent or adnate with decur. tooth.

Colemannianus, Blox. P. 3 — 5 cm. campan. then exp. and
strongly umb. pale umber paler except disc when dry ; g. deeply
decur. connected by veins, pale brown ; s. 2 — 3 cm. white, silky up-
wards; sp. 7x4.

foetens, Phill. Very foetid. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. umber ; g. grey ;
s. 2 — 3 cm. olive yellow, squamulose ; sp. subgl. 4 — 5.

sciophanus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. slightly viscid, opaque, pale
brick red, or tawny, striate ; g. decur. connected by veins, tinged red ;
s. 3 — 6 cm. hollow, subflexuous, smooth ; sp. - .

[sulcatus, Karst. P. campan. exp. viscid, sulcate except disc,
deep tawny ; s. hollow, equal, glabrous, viscid, yellowish ; g. decur.
yellowish.

laetus, Fr. ( = H. Houghtoni, B.). P. 2 — 3 cm. thin, convexo-
plane, viscid, tawny ; g. thin, distant, paler than p. decur. ; s. 5 — 7 cm.
tough, equal, viscid, colour of p. ; sp. 7 x 4 — 5.

Differs from H. sciophanus in viscid stem.

vitellinus, Fr. Every part clear lemon yellow, paler when dry.
P. 1'5 — 2 '5 cm. viscid, edge plicato-striate ; g. decur. rather distant;
s. 3 — 5 cm. hollow, fragile ; sp. 6 x 4.

ceraceus, Wulf. P. 2 — 3 cm. fragile, thin, exp. viscid, shining,
wax-yellow; g. adnate, subdecur. distant, broad, almost triangular,
yellow ; s. hollow, 3—4 cm. hollow, colour of p. often flexuous ;
sp. 8x6.

Differs from H. vitellinus in broad gills and wax-yellow s. and p.

coccineus, Schaeff. P. 2'5 — 3 cm. fragile, thin, convexo-plane,
obtuse, viscid, glabrous, scarlet then pale ; g. adnate with decur.
tooth, connected by veins, reddish or yellowish ; s. 3 — 5 cm. hollow,
compr. yellowish, crimson above ; sp. 10 — 12 x 6. (6 — 8 x 4 — 5.)

Differs from H. puniceus in adnate g. and yellow base of s., from
H. miniatus in glabrous p. and yellow base of s.

miniatus, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. fragile, thin, convex then umbil.
scarlet then pale, opaque and squamulose ; g. adnate, distant, yellow
and red ; s. 3 — 5 cm. terete, polished, scarlet ; sp. 10x6.

turundus, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. thin, convex then umbil. very brittle,
covered with greyish-brown down then squamulose ; g. decur. distant,
white then yellowish ; s. 2 — 3 cm. tawny, polished ; sp. — .

P. soon broken up into smoky squamules, but golden and viscid at
first.

Var. mollis, B. and Br. P. golden with fibrils of same colour ;
s. yellow ; g. shortly decur.

Var. lepidus, Boud. Brilliant golden orange ; p. convex, squamu-

78 Hygrophorus.

lose or hirsuto-tomentose, umbil. then golden, centre deepest ; g. thick
distant, deeply and abruptly decur. pallid ; s. elongated, colour of p. ;
sp. 9—10 x 5—6.

mucronellus. Pr. P. 1 — 2 cm. submembranaceous, fragile, conic
then campaii. acutely umb. glabrous, vermilion then pale ; g. decur.
triangular, thick, yellow ; s. 2 — 3 cm. slender, colour of p. base white ;
sp. — .

Wynniae, B. and Br. ( = Clitocybe xanthophylla, Bres.,jide Berk.).
P. 1'5 — 2'5 cm. thin, convex then umbil. or infundib., striate, lemon
yellow, greenish when dry ; g. decur. yellowish then tinged green ;
s. 2 — 3 cm. colour of p. ; sp. 7 — 8 * 6.

[syrjensis, Karst. , P. thin convex, disc depr. glabrous, even, dry,
fuscous-white or dingy yellowish ; g. deeply decur. brownish, some-
what branched ; s. equal, pallid ; sp. 6 x 3 — 4.
. 1 — 1'5

micaceus, B. and Br. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. thin, exp. yellow then grey
with green tinge, wrinkled, micaceous; g. decur. pale umber; s.
2 — 2*5 cm. slender, yellow, base brown ; sp. 4 x 3.

* * Gills adnexed then separating from stem.

puniceus, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. campan. obtuse, wavy, viscid, crimson
then pale ; g. slightly adnexed, thick, distant, yellow ; s. 5 — 7 cm.
hollow, striate, colour of p. base white ; sp. 8 x 5.

Differs from H. coccineus in adnexed g. and striate stem with
white base.

Var. nigrescent, Q. Becoming blackish everywhere. P. orange,
virgate, then grey and silky ; s. striate, yellow, apex red.

obrusseus, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. conico-convex, wavy, golden yellow,
shining ; g. adnato-ventricose, thick, distant ; s. 5 — 7 cm. hollow, sub-
compressed, glabrous, even, yellow, base tawny ; sp. 10 — 12 x 7.

Tawny base of stem not always evident.

[citrino-croceus, Beck. P. convex, flattened, glabrous, shining,
citrin-saffron, disc golden, edge whitish, slightly upturned; g. very
distant, broad, shortly decur. white ; s. solid, subequal white or
spotted citrin; sp. 7'5— 8-5 x 3'5 — 5.

intermedius, Pass. P. 3 — 5 cm. thin, campan. then exp. silky-
fibrillose, golden then greyish ; g. adnate, ventricose, white then
yellow ; s. 4 — 7 cm. yellow, fibrillosely striate ; sp. 8 — 9 x 6.

Differs from H. obrusseus in strong mealy smell, and p becoming
grey.

conicus, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. conical, acute, often lobed, yellow or
tinged crimson ; g. nearly free, thin, yellowish ; s. 3 — 9 cm. hollow
fibroso-striate, colour of p. ; sp. 10 — 11 x 6 — 8.

Every part blackish when bruised or old.

[albus, Otth. P. conical, obtuse, even, white ; g. free, snow-white ;
s. white, striate, shining.

Differs from Hygr. conicus in colour and obtuse p.

Hygrophorus. 79

calyptraeformis, B. P. 3—7 cm. acutely conical then splitting
and exp. clear rose then paler; g. slightly adnexed, tinged rose;
s. 6 — 9 cm. hollow, white ; sp. 7 x 4.

Var. niveus, Cke. Entirely white.

chlorophanus, Fr. P. 2—3 cm. fragile, very thin, convex, obtuse,
viscid, yellow, sometimes crimson ; g. emarginate, adnexed, white
tinged yellow ; s. viscid when moist, even, everywhere yellow, 4 — 7 cm. ;
sp 8x5.

Differs from H. conicus in not becoming black.

psittacinus, Schaeff. P. 1 '5 — 3 cm. campan. then exp. umb. striate,
yellow and orange, with green gluten ; g. thick, distant, greenish; s.
3 — 5 cm. glutinous, yellow, apex green ; sp. 10x5.

spadiceus, Fr. P. 4 — 9 cm. thin, conical, acute, fibrilloso-virgate,
with olive- bay gluten, blackish and shining when dry; g. citrin ; s.
5 — 7 cm. hollow, dry, tawny- fibrillose ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

Differs from H. conicus in virgate p. and thicker g. not narrowed
behind.

[squalidus, Lasch. Fragile. P. campan. exp. gibbons, and with
the glabrous hollow s. sooty and glutinous, orange after the gluten
has gone ; g. thick, livid then fuscous, edge orange.

unguinosus, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. fragile, thin, obtuse, uneven,
smooth, with smoky-brown dripping gluten, becoming cracked ; g.
white ; s. 4 — 5 cm. hollow, with smoky gluten ; sp. 10 x 7 — 8.

[obscuratus, Karst. P. fragile, convex, obtuse, dry, squamulose,
sooty or livid blackish, mouse- colour when dry ; g. sinuato-adnate,
whitish or glaucous ; s. unequal, usually inflated below, wavy, glabrous,
pallid, centre often tinged smoky ; sp. 7 — 10 x 3 — 5.

nitratus, Pers. Smell strong, nitrous. P. 3 — 5 cm. deformed,
viscid, soon dry and squamulose, brownish-grey ; g. broad, distant,
white then glaucous ; s. 4 — 7 cm. polished, white or tinged yellow ;
sp. 8x5.

There are two forms, a large one in woods, and a smaller one in

C'iures, structure that of H. coccineus, but colours very different,
dily distinguished by the strong nitrous smell.

[Schulzeri, Bres. P. hemispher. exp. or depr. dry, even, livid
cinnamon : g. distant, subdecur. white then greyish ; s. dry, colour of
p., apex white-scurfy ; inodorous ; sp. glob. 3 — 3'5.

[glauconitens, tr. Rigid. P. tibrillosely virgate, olive-black or
sooty then pale ; g. glaucous ; s. equal, shining ; sp. 6 — 8 x 6 — 7.

Fries thinks this may be a young state of H. nifratus. Smell
same but weaker.

[Marzuolus, Bres. ( = Cfitocybe Marzuolus, Bres.]. P. 4'5 — 7 cm.
s. 4 — 7 cm. base clavate ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4 — 5.

Bresadola considers this sp. is the Clitocybe of Fries.

80 Clitocybe.

CLITOCYBE, Fr.

A. P. fleshy, not hygr. pale and silky when dry.

* DISCIFORMES. P. fleshy, convex then plane or
subdepressed.

j- P. greyish or brownish.

nebularis, Batsch. P. 6 — 12 cm. convex then subgibbous, grey,
at first with grey meal ; g. narrow, subdecur. crowded, pallid ; s.
5 — 8 cm. narrowed upwards, fibrillose, pale ; sp. 6 x 3 '5. Edible.

clavipes, Pers. P. 3 — 6 cm. convex then plane, naked, grey or
brownish ; g. decur. down stem, rather distant ; s. obconic, fibrillose,
4 — 5 cm. livid sooty ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

comitalis, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. soon plane, obtuse, sooty umber ; s.
4 — 7 cm. obconic, sooty ; g. plane, crowded ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

gangraenosa, Fr. Foetid. P. 5 — 8 cm. soon plane, obtuse,
whitish, variegated black, greenish, livid &c. ; g. dingy white ; s.
3—4 cm. striate, somewhat bulbous ; sp. — .

polius, Fr. P. 2—4 cm. convexo-plane, regular, grey ; g. decur.
closely crowded, white; s. 4 — 7 cm. equal, glabrous, whitish;
sp. - .

C.fumosa differs in cartilaginous substance, mealy apex of stem,
hygr. &c.'

inornata. Sow. P. 7 — 10 cm. plane or depr. pale greyish tan
often with olive tinge, cuticle separable ; g. adnate then decur. grey ;
s. 3 — 4 cm. glabrous, greyish ; sp. - .

[Cardarella, Fr. Convex then plano-depr. glabrous, shining,
covered with a thick separable pellicle, blackish red, very viscid ; g.
decur. broad, shining white ; s. solid, stout, white. Edible.

[auricula, D. C. P. hemispher. even, glabrous, edge incurved,
naked, greyish brown ; g. white ; s. solid, glabrous, white.

[nimbata, Batsch. P. camp.-convex, even, thin margin incurved,
white mealy ; g. crowded, arcuate, white ; s. solid, innately squamu-
lose, squarnules becoming blackish.

[luscina, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, edge spreading, naked,
fuscous then livid ; g. subdecur. crowded ; s. solid, short, narrowed
downwards, powdered with white meal.

[curtipes, Fr. P. exp. oblique, obtuse, brown then pale, flesh
brown ; g. closely crowded, white ; s. short, rigid, fuscous, thickened
upwards, pale and subpruinose.

hirneola, Fr. P. 1 — ]-5 cm. convex then plane, silky shining,
grey then pale : g. crowded, hoary ; s. 4 — 5 cm. slender, subflexuous,
grey, apex with white meal ; sp. 5 x 3.

var. major, Fr. P. wavy, slightly zoned, whitish.

var. undulata, P. exp. slightly wavy and zoned, whitish; s.
thickened downwards.

Clitocybe. 81

[dothiophora, Fr. P. exp. oblique, gibbous, hoary ; g. decur.
crowded, whitish ; s. solid, short, excentric, glabrous.

ff Pileus violet or rufescent.

cyanophaea, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. plane, obtuse, brownish-blue;
decur. violet then pale; s. 6 — 7 cm. narrowed upwards,

bluish when young, apex abruptly white ; sp. —

Differs from Trich. nudum in decurrent gills, &c.

[tyrianthina, Fr. Exp. even, purplish flesh colour, pellicle
separable when dry ; g. rosy violet ; s. villose then striate.

Differs from C. gilva in springing from a fiery-red mycelium. Some-
what resembling Trich. personatum.

opiparia, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. nearly plane, obtuse, yellowish flesh-
colour, shining ; g. white, connected by veins ; s. 4 — 7 cm. solid,
glabrous, whitish ; sp. — .

amara, Fr. Taste very bitter. P. 3 — 5 cm. plane, obtuse or
subumb. floccosely broken up, rufescent ; g. crowded, narrow, white ;
s. 4 — 5 cm. white, solid, floccose then glabrous ; sp. 4 x 2.

[vulpecula, Kalchb. P. exp. depr. gilvous-rufescent ; g. acutely
adnate, narrow ; s. hollow, naked, whitish.

socialis, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. umb. even, yellowish-red ; g. tinged
yellow ; s. 2—3 cm. reddish, rooting base hairy ; sp. — .

Stem strigose as in Marasmius personatus.

ftf Pileus becoming yellowish.

amarella, Pers. Smell strong, taste bitter. P. 4 — 5 cm. plane,
subumb. reddish-yellow or fawn colour; g. tinged grey, shining; s.
4 — 5 cm. pallid grey, white down at base ; sp. - .

[veneris, Fr. P. exp. gibbous, yellow; g. crowded, shining white ;
s. elastic, glabrous, white.

vernicosa, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. obtuse, even, glabrous, gilvous or
deep yellow ; g. yellow ; s. 2 — 3 cm. glabrous, yellow ; sp. — .

Distinguished from Trich. cerinum by decur. gills.

venustissima, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. obtuse, striate, orange,
tinged red ; g. decur. orange ; s. 3 — 4 cm. long, glabrous, orange-red ;
sp. 6 x 3'5.

alutacea, Cke. and Mass. P. 1 — 1*5 cm. convex then umbil. edge
incurved, even, tan ; g. narrow, crowded, arcuate, decur. paler than
p. ; s. 3 — 4 cm. smooth, pale ; sp. 6x4.

subalutacea, Batsch. P. 3 — 5 cm. plano-depr. obtuse, yellowish
then pale ; g. broad, whitish ; s. 4 — 5 cm. firm, elastic, glabrous ;
sp. — .

1 1 1 1 Pileus greenish or pallid.

odora, Sow. Smell fragrant. P. 4 — 5 cm. wavy, pale, dingy
opaque green ; g adnate, not crowded, pallid ; s. 3 — 4 cm. elastic ;
sp. 6 — 8 x 4 — 5.

82 Clitocybe.

Trogii, Fr. Smell fragrant P. 4—5 cm. compact, greyish white ;
g. crowded, white ; s. 4 — 5 cm. whitish, solid ; sp. — .

Stouter than C. odora, and p. greyish, not green.

[vilis, Karst. P. convex, exp. umb. glabrous, pellucidly striate,
livid, pallid when dry; g. decur. pallid; s. equal, wavy, glabrous,
umber, apex white-scurfy, livid when dry ; sp. 2'5 — 3'5 x 2.

[bifurcata, Weinm. P. exp. rather silky, clay-colour then pale,
edge substriate; g. adnato-decur. simple or bifurcate, white; s.
fibrillose.

rivulosa, Pers. P. 3 — 7 cm. exp. or depr. obtuse, flesh-colour,
rufescent &c. then pale, glabrous then with white down ; g. broad,
rather crowded, faintly tinged pink ; s. 4 — 5 cm. tough, rather fibril-
lose, whitish ; sp. 6 x 3'5.

var. neptunea, Cke. Smaller than type.

[rigidata, Karst. P. rigid, plane, depr. unequal, even, glabrous,
pallid then whitish; g. adnate, pallid; s. thickened upwards, often
compr. rooting, pallid ; sp. 4 — 5 x 2 — 3.

ttttt Pilw* white, shining when dry.

cerussata, Fr. White. P. 3 — 7 cm. plane, obtuse, even, sub-
glabrous ; g. closely crowded, adnate ; s. 4 — 5 cm. smooth, elastic ;
sp. — .

var. difformis. Tufted, p. lobed ; s. rugose ; g. pallid.

var. obtextus, Lasch. Snow-white. P. fibrillosely interwoven then
glabrous, rather viscid ; g. subdecur. crowded.

[puellula, Karst. P. convexo-plane, subumb. even, glabrous,
shining white; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. subequal, straight,
elastic, white with blackish squamules ; sp. 9 — 12 x 5 — 7.

Allied to Clito. cerrusatus but smaller and with black squamules
on stem.

[adsentiens, Karst. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, even, at length
scaly, white ; g. adnate, closely crowded, white ; s. short, base thick-
ened, white with blackish scales ; sp. - .

phyllophila, Fr. Whitish-tan. P. 3 — 7 cm. convexo-plane,
umbiL not becoming pale, veil forming a silvery zone near margin ;
g. rather distant, white then pallid ; silky-fibrous, tough, 5 — 8 cm. ;
sp. 6x4.

pithyophila, Fr. White. P. 3—7 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous,
becoming shining white ; g. crowded, permanently white ; s. 4 — 5 cm.
often compr. base downy ; sp. — .

tornata, Fr. White. P. 3—5 cm. orbicular, subdepr. glabrous,
shining ; g. rather crowded ; s. stuffed, glabrous, 3 — 4 cm. ; 4 — 6
x3— 4/*.

Very regular in form.

var. opala, Fr. White. P. viscid.

[olorina, Fr. Whitish. P. exp. even, glabrous ; s. hollow, rigid,
cylindrical, squamulose ; g. subdecur. crowded.

Clitocybe. 83

candicans, Pers. White. P. 2 — 3 cm. plane or subdepr. umbiL
with adpressed silkiness, shining white when dry; g. adnate then
decur. crowded ; s. 3 — 5 cm. subfistulose, cartilaginous, shining ; sp.
5—6 x 4.

dealbata, Sow. White. P. 2 — 3 cm. plane then upturned and
wavy, glabrous, rather shining ; g. adnate, crowded, white ; s. 2 — 3 cm.
entirely fibrous, thin, equal, stuffed ; sp. 4 — 5 x 2 '5.

gallinacea, Scop. White, taste acrid. P. depr. even, dry, opaque ;
g. crowded, narrow ; s. 2 — 3 cm. equal, even, solid ; sp. — .

Differs from C. dealbata in dingy white, opaque p. and acrid
taste.

* * DIFFORMES. Pilens fleshy at the disc, margin thin,
umb. at first, then exp. depr. and irregular.

decastes, Fr. Clustered. P. 10 — 25 cm. wavy, subumb. glabrous,
uniformly dingy brown or livid, then pale ; g. crowded, wavy, white ;
s. 9 — 16 cm. long, solid, glabrous, white, apex pruiuose ; sp. globose,

4r— 5.

subdecastes, Cke. and Mass. Clustered. P. 3 — 5 cm. convex,
obtuse, ochre, paler towards lobed margin ; g. crowded, white ; s.
8 — 12 cm. fibrillose, whitish ; sp. globose, 4 — 5.

ampla, Pers. P. 7 — 12 cm. convex then exp. wavy, sooty then
livid, even ; g. broad, smoky then dingy white; s. 9 — 14 cm. sub-
cartilaginous, naked, white, apex somewhat downy ; sp. - .

[molybdina, Bull. P. camp. exp. umb. glabrous, sooty, disc livid
rufous, then pale; g. horn colour then pallid; s. stout, fibrillosely
striate, mealy squamulose upwards, pallid.

[coffeata, Fr. P. brownish fawn then sooty grey, fawn colour and
shining when dry, virgate or spotted ; g. decur. dingy white, as is also
the glabrous s.

aggregata, Schaeff. Tufted. P. 5 — 9 cm. wavy, greyish or reddish
yellow, then pale, silkily virgate ; g. yellowish flesh colour ; s 7 — 10 cm.
fibrillose, narrowed below and often grown together at base; sp.

[hortensis, Pers. Caespitose, elastic. P. exp. obsoletely umb.
sooty, blackish; g. decur. white then flesh-colour; s. hollow, rather
wavy.

[tabescens, Scop. (=Coll. tabescens, Fr.). P. conico-campan. exp.
umb. depr. round umbo, tawny honey-colour, or tawny-brown, disc
scaly ; g. decur. pallid then pinkish tan ; s. fibrillosely scaly, pallid or
lurid yellow, elongated ; sp. 8 — 10 x 5 — 7.

Closely resembling Armillaria mellea, but no ring on stem.

[anapacta, Pers. P. depr. wavy, brown, edge incurved ; g. broad,
dingy tan ; s. narrowed below, pallid.

6—2

84 Clitocybe.

elixa, Sow. P. 5—9 cm. unequal, wavy, disc umb. smoky buff,
edge paler ; g. distant ; s. 3—5 cm. solid, dingy, subfloccose ; sp. 7 x 4.

fumosa, Pers. Tufted. P. 3 — 5 cm. subcai-tilaginous, obtuse,
wavy, sooty brown then pale; g. adnate, livid; s. 5 — 8 cm. often
twisted, dingy, apex minutely mealy ; sp. subgl. 5 — 6.

Differs from C. elixa in obtuse, non-virgate p.

[effocatella, Viv. Caespitose. P. convex, even, glabrous, livid
chestnut or umber ; g. adnate, crowded, white ; s. naked, ventricose
below.

tumulosa, Kalchbr. Tufted. P. 2'5 cm. umb. even, umber then
pale ; g. soon greyish ; s. 8 — 12 cm. solid, dingy, floccosely pruinose ;
sp. - .

pergamena, Cke. Tufted. P. 2 — 5 cm. convex then plane,
subumb. pallid; g. broadly adnate with decur. tooth, white; s.
8 — 12 cm. whitish, apex squamulose ; cartilaginous ; sp. — .

[humosa, Fr. P. fragile, exp. wavy, fuscous ; g. adfixed, both
ends narrowed ; s. short, whitish like the gills.

[adunata, Seer. Tufted, foetid. P. exp. gibbous then depr.
white becoming spotted red then rufous, becoming viscid ; g. decur.
crowded, eroded, dingy red ; s. stout, twisted, narrowed below,
whitish.

cryptamm, Letell. Tufted. P. somewhat conical, flocculose,
spotted brown ; g. decur. narrow, white ; s. white, striate.

A doubtful species.

[hebepodia, Fr. P. exp. depr. unequal, even, grey then pale ; g.
decur. white ; s. woolly, white.

[connata, Schum. Shining white. P. conical exp. unequal,
moist, obtuse umbo disappearing ; g. unequally decur. narrow,
crowded ; stems numerous, hollow, collected at base into a tuberous

opaca, Fr. White. P. 3—6 cm. umb. often depr. and wavy,
minutely flocculose ; g. closely crowded ; s. 3 — 5 cm. fibrillose, wavy ;
sp. - .

Differs from C. cerrusata in umbonate p.

occulta, Cke. P. 3 — 5 cm. depr. virgate, viscid, disc smoky rest
whitish; g. adnate, white; s. 3 — 5 cm. fibrillosely striate, solid,
white; sp. - .

monstrosa, Sow. P. 3 — 5 cm. umb. wavy, opaque white; g.
adnato-decur. creamy; s. 2 — 4 cm. opaque white, streaked; sp.

marzuola, Fr. P. compact, exp. subdepr. even, wavy, dusky;
g. unequally decur. ; s. stout, short, white.

Clitocybe. 85

* * * INFUNDIBILIFORMES. Pileus fleshy at disc, thinner
towards the margin, becoming deeply umbilicate or
infundibuliform .

f Pileus coloured, or becoming pallid, silky.

gigantea, Sow. (=Pax. giganteus, Fr.) P. 12—20 cm. infundib.
whitish or tinged tan, edge coarsely striate ; g. closely crowded ;
s. pallid, solid, glabrous, 3 — 5 cm. ; sp. 5 x 3.

maxima, Fr. 12 — 25 cm. infundib. subumb. whitish or tinged
tan, edge even ; g. deeply decur. ; s. 7 — 10 cm. compact, fibrillosely
striate, whitish ; sp. 6 x 4.

infundibilifprmis, Schaeff. P. 4 — 7 cm. convex, umb. then
infundib. yellowish pink then pale, innately silky ; g. deeply decur. ;
s. 5 — 7 cm. thinner upwards, pallid ; sp. 5 — 6 x 3—4.

var. membranacea, Fr. P. not umb. ; s. equal ; altogether more
slender than type.

[squamulosa, Pers. P. obtuse, tan, squamulose, at first obtuse,
deeply infundib. ; g. decur. distant, white ; s. narrowed upwards,
elastic.

[nauseosodulcis, Karst. Very foetid when old. P. irregular,
convex then plane, glabrous, often areolately squamulose, entirely
clay-colour; g. decur. pallid; s. excentric, rarely central, usually
unequal and curved, solid, whitish ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5.

Connato-caespitose, resembling Pleurotus sapidus.

[Panizzii, Barla. Caespitose. P. convex then umbil. or infundib.
white or grey, edge lobed, wavy ; g. thin, narrow, striately decur.
pale or tinged rose ; s. long, wavy, white ; flesh elastic, white.

trullaeformis, Fr. P. 4—5 cm. obtuse then infundib. edge
spreading, greyish brown, floccossly villose ; g. decur. connected by
veins ; s. 4 — 5 cm. striate, grey ; sp. — .

Differs from C. cyathiforme in pure white flesh and gills.

incilis, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. plane then umbil. or infundib. margin
silky, incurved, crenate, brick red ; g. white then pallid, connected
by veins ; s. 1 — 2 cm. base narrowed, red ; sp. 7 x 4.

[pulla, Gill. P. depr. then infundib. glabrous, hygr. brown then
pale ; g. united by veins, lilac grey ; s. swollen at base which is downy,
colour of p. white-fibrillose below, wavy.

Near C. obbata, which differs in striate margin, equal s. and
distant gills.

[lenticulosa, Gill. P. exp. umbil. then infundib. dry, reddish
orange, tuberculose near the even edge; g. crowded, white then
tinged rose, finally colour of p. ; s. solid, paler than p.

Differs from C. lentiginosa in solid s. and edge of p. not striate.

sinopica, Fr. Smell strong, mealy. P. 2—3 cm. brick red then

86 Clitocybe.

pale, plane then umbil. at length flocculose; g. closely crowded,
white then yellow ; s. red, fibrillose, 3 — 5 cm. ; sp. - .

Differs from C. incuts in solid stem, even edge of p. and
yellowish g.

[Arnold!, Boud. P. depr. then infundib. wavy, subtomentose,
minutely squamulose, ochrey brick-red ; g. whitish ; s. colour of p.
fibrillose below ; sp. 9—11 x 5 — 6.

| lentiginosa, Fr. P. plane, deeply umbil. with concentric zones
of minute tubercles, yellowish ochre; g. deeply decur. yellow; s.
hollow, equal, yellowish fuscous.

parilis, Fr. P. 1'5 — 2 cm. disc depr. edge involute, greyish
white, ornately flocculose ; g. narrow, greyish white ; s. 2'3 cm.
fibrous, sooty ; sp. — .

ft Pileus coloured or pallid, glabrous.

geotropa, Bull. P. 5 — 12 cm. plane then infundib. obtusely
umb. pallid; g. crowded, white then pallid; s. 7 — 12 cm. solid,
fibrillose, flesh white ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4 — 5.

[Candida, Bres. Large. P. fleshy, plano-convex then depr. edge
involute, even, pubescent, white becoming tinged tan ; g. much
crowded, narrow, attenuato-decur. white then pallid ; s. stout, short,
white ; flesh white ; sp. 7 x 3.

Close to C. geotropa and C. gigantea. Differs in pure white
colour and in sp.

gilva, Pers. P. 5 — 8 cm. soon depr. and wavy, dingy ochre, flesh
same colour ; g. closely crowded, ochre ; s. 2 — 2 '5 cm. solid, ochre ;
sp. subgl. 4 — 5.

subinvoluta, Batsch. P. 5 — 8 cm. convex then depr. tinged brick
red, fibrillose, zoned ; g. pale tan ; s. 4 — 5 cm. reddish, grooved ;
sp. — .

spinulosa, W. G. Sm. P. 3 — 5 cm. depr. gibbous, yellowish pink,
edge even, incurved ; g. white then pale yellow; s. 5 — 9 cm. fibrillose,
whitish, zoned with tan; sp. globose, spinulose, 8 — 9.

splendens, Pers. P. 5 — 8 cm. plane then depr. or infund.
pinkish-yellow, shining; g. deeply decur. white; s. 2 — 3 cm. glabrous,
yellow; sp. — .

Differs from C. gilva in white flesh.

inversus, Scop. P. 5 — 9 cm. convex then infundib. edge invo-
lute, rufescent; g. soon tinged rufous; s. 4 — 6 cm. hollow, rigid,
paler than p. flesh pallid; sp. subg. 4 — 5. Often tufted.

flaccidus, Sow. P. 5 — 8 cm. thin, flaccid, umbil. then infund.
edge reflexed, tawny or rusty; g. yellowish; s. 3 — 4 cm. rusty, rather
wavy; sp. 4—5 x 3 — 4. Often tufted.

var. lobahis, Fr. Tufted. P. darker, edge lobed.

[rhodoleuca, Rom. Fleshy, almost glabrous, in dry weather pure
white except gills which are tinted rose; in rainy weather everywhere
inside and out deep rose, gills darkest. P. obconic, convex or almost
flattened above ; sp. 6—9 x 5— 6'5.

Clitocybe. 87

[zizyphana, Viv. P. convex then infundib. often excentric,
rufous brown, flesh reddish white; g. yellow; s. equal, pallid.

[cervina, Hoffm. P. plano-infundib. oblique, glabrous, edge
convex, greyish fawn, subzoned ; g. pallid, edge darker; s. cylindrical,
base tuberous.

[garidelli, Fr. P. convex, at first umbil. edge incurved, deep
rose to flesh colour; g. decur. crowded, edge red; s. short, stout,
flesh colour. Edible.

[ambigua, Karst. P. tough, orbicular, convex, obtuse, glabrous,
even, pallid rufous tinged pink then pale; g. adnato-decur. pallid; s.
glabrous, wavy, whitish, base woolly ; sp. 4 — 5 x 3.

[paropsis, Fr. P. plano-depr. glabrous, edge spreading, flaccid,
rufous or flesh-colour; g. narrow, shining white ; s. cylindrical, base
rather bulbous.

vermicularis, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. convex, umbil. then infund. edge
incurved, often wavy, reddish tan then pale, flesh same colour; g.
closely crowded, white ; s. 3 — 4 cm. hollow, elastic, striate, paler than
p. ; sp. 5 x 3.

[cacaba, Fr. P. flaccid, infundib. glabrous, edge broadly reflexed,
sooty; g. very deeply decur. closely crowded, dark grey; s. striate,
base thickened, downy.

senilis. Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. infundib. brownish tan, concentrically
cracked, edge spreading; g. narrow, soon colour of p.; s. 2 — 3 cm.
solid, glabrous, pallid; sp. 5 — 6x4.

•f"f"t* Pileus clear white.

catina, Fr. P. 4—5 cm. plane then infundib. glabrous, white,
discoloured when old ; g. decur. somewhat crowded, white ; s.
3 — 7 cm. elastic, white ; sp. — .

C. infundibiliformis differs in not being umb. and in being
glabrous. C. phyttophila differs in adnate gills.

tuba, Fr. White. P. 5 — 8 cm. umbil. margin even, shining with
a silky lustre when dry; g. broad, closely crowded, decur. ; s. 4 — 5 cm.
equal, soon hollow and compressed ; sp. — .

Differs from G. pithy ophila in umbil. p. ; g. deeply decurrent.

ericetorum, Bull. White. P. 2 — 3 cm. fleshy, subturbinate,
glabrous, shining when dry ; g. distant, connected by veins ; s.
2 — 3 cm. glabrous; sp. — .

Resembling Hygr. niveus in appearance.

Clitocybe.

B. Pileus thin, hygrophanous, soft, watery.

**** CYATHIFOKMES. P. thin, depressed then cup-shaped.
Colour dingy when moist.

cyathifonnis, Bull. P. 3-;-7 cm. deeply depr. edge incurved,
sooty-brown then pale ; g. dingy ; s. 5 — 9 cm. stuffed, elastic,
narrowed upwards, reticulately fibrillose, sooty; sp. — .

var. cinerascens, Fr. Smaller. P. pale grey-brown; g. tinged
yellow.

expallens, Pers. P. 3 — 5 cm. plane then deeply depr. greyish
brown then pale, margin soon expanded; g. greyish white; s.
4 — 5 cm. greyish white, hollow, equal ; sp. — .

obbata, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. plane, umbil. then deeply depr. sooty
brown, edge at length striate; g. decur. distant, greyish, pruinose
with white ; s. 4 — 5 cm. glabrous, greyish brown, hollow ; sp. — .

[fritilliformis, Lasch. Convex-umbil. then infundib. glabrous,
grey then pallid, becoming fuscescent when dry, edge sublobed ;
g. thickish, pallid; s. subtomentose, thickened upwards.

[calatha, Fr. P. exp. infundib. hygr. edge soon spreading, even,
sooty; g. deeply decur. violet then reddish; s. solid, tough, striately
rugose, narrowed below, violet then reddish.

pruinosa, Lasch. P. 4—5 cm. umbil. then deeply depr. brown,
powdered with grey bloom ; g. decur. crowded, narrow, dingy ;
s. 3 — 5 cm. fibrillose, pallid ; sp. — .

concava, Scop. P. 3 — 5 cm. broadly and deeply umbiL flaccid,
wavy, dark grey ; g. decur. narrow, smoky ; s. 2 — 3 cm. equal,
glabrous, grey; sp. - .

[vibecina, Fr. P. exp. then infundib. greyish livid then pale,
margin soon extended, striate; g. deeply decur. greyish white;
s. hollow, glabrous, rather wavy.

[Queletii, Fr. P. convex, umbil. whitish with brown squamules
when dry ; g. deeply decur. whitish ; s. flocculose, whitish.

suaveolens, Fr. Fragrant. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex then concave,
discoid, buff, hygr. margin striate; gills crowded, pallid; s. 4 — 5 cm.
thinner upwards, tinged brown ; sp. 8 x 5.

Among grass. Differs from C. fragrans in concave pileus with
striate margin.

brumalis, Fr. P. r5 — 2'5 cm. umbil. then deeply depr. flaccid,
glabrous, wavy, livid, pale when dry; g. pallid; s. 4 — 5 cm. glabrous,
whitish, often curved ; sp. 4 — 5 x 3 — 4.

Clitocybe.

***** ORBIFORMES. Pileus rather fleshy, convex then
flattened or depressed, polished; g. adnate; dingy,
becoming pale.

t Gills grey or olive.

orbiformis, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. convexo-plane, even, smoky grey ;
g. greyish white; s. 5 — 7 cm. naked, narrowed upwards, grey;
sp. - .

Differs from C. cyathiforme in plane p.

[applanata, Seer. P. exp. disc depr. flaccid, lurid then hoary;
g. greyish white ; s. fuscous with white down, pallid and silky fibrillose
upwards.

[insignis, GilL P. conical, convex, then exp. edge more or less
wavy and upturned, much depr. round strong urnbo, even, glabrous,
red, umb. rusty; g. closely crowded, clear white; s. cylindrical, solid,
colour of p.

[papillata, Gillet. P. convex then exp. with a little persistent
brown umbo, glabrous, hygr. slightly striate, clear reddish; g. pallid;
s. subequal, wavy, white-pruinose, apex colour of p.

[radicellata, Godey. P. convex, umbiL purplish brown, grey-
prumose; g. crowded, soon yellowish grey; s. equal, curved, colour of
g. with a white bloom, base white with a number of branched
strands.

[ochracea, Gill. P. irreg. umb. uniformly ochre, silky or pruinose;
g. distant ; s. excentric, colour deeper than p.

[macrophylla, Karst. P. thin, convex, orbicular, livid-white then
paler and shining; g. adnate, very broad, triangular, white; s. wavy,
whitish, glabrous, base thickened ; sp. - .

[lepiphylla, Gill. P. convex then depr. uniformly pale grey then
pallid ; g. decur. tinged grey ; s. elastic, wavy, grey, with a white
bloom, with longitudinal whitish striae.

metachrpa, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. convexo-plane then depr. brownish
grey, then livid, at last pallid ; g. pale grey ; s. 2 — 3 cm. grey, apex
mealy; sp. — .

zygophylla, Cke. and Mass. P. 4 — 7 cm. thin, wavy, slightly
depr. greyish ochre then pallid, edge plicate; g. deeply decur. grey,
veined; s. 4 — 5 cm. smooth, pallid ; sp. 8x4.

pausiaca, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. soon plane, umber with olive tinge,
often silky ; g. adnate, olive ; s. 4 — 6 cm. striate, coloured like p.,
apex powdery; sp. — .

ditopa, Fr. Smell strong, mealy. P. 2 — 3 cm. plane then depr.
brownish grey then pale, often wavy; g. adnate, dusky grey; s.
2 '3 cm. hollow; sp. — .

Differs from C. metachroa in mealy smell

90 Clitocybe.

[nubila, Fr. P. exp. umb. livid then tan, glabrous ; g. subdecur.
rather distant, brownish tan ; s. slender, apex pruinose.

[obola, Fr. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, glabrous, hygr. livid then
whitish ; g. adnate, livid ; s. equal, thin, striate, naked, livid.

ft Gills whitish.

diatreta, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. plane then depr. edge involute,
pubescent, often wavy, flesh colour then pallid tan ; g. with an acute
decur. tooth, crowded, narrow ; s. 3 — 5 cm. pallid, straight, terete ;
sp. — .

fragrans, Sow. Smell strong, spicy, 2 — 3 cm. depr. pallid ; g.
subdecur. rather crowded ; s. 4 — 5 cm. elastic, glabrous ; sp. — .

C. suaveolens differs in cup-shaped p. and brownish stem.

angustissima, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. plano-depr. edge spreading,
pallid, shining white when dry; g. subdecur. narrow, closely crowded;
s. 4 — 5 cm. white, naked, flexuous ; sp. 5 x 3.

[isabellina, Q. P. yellowish white, umb. hygr.; g. thick, often
branched, whitish ; s. fistulose, wavy, white, base narrowed.

obsoletus, Batsch. Smell spicy, but weak. P. 2 — 3 cm. plano-
depr. even, pale pinky tan, pale when dry; g. obtusely adnate, broad;
s. 2 — 3 cm. elastic, soon hollow, whitish ; sp. — .

[mortuosa, Fr. P. plano-depr. umber or brown then pale, even ;
g. adnate, closely crowded, narrow, whitish; s. short, glabrous, compr.
whitish.

[gyrans, Fr. P. convex-umb. even, glabrous, hygr. edge broadly
incurved, whitish ; g. crowded, white ; s. hollow, glabrous.

****** VERSIFORMES. Pileus thin, convex then de-
formed, squamulose or furfuraceous ; g. adnate,
broad ; usually distant and powdered with the white
spores.

ectypa, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. then depr. revolute, dingy yellow or
rufescent, slightly streaked with dark fibrils, edge slightly striate; g.
adnate, pallid then spotted with red and powdered with the spores ;
s. 5 — 10 cm. dingy yellowish, fibrillose; sp. 9x6.

[difformis, Pers. P. convex, plane, subumbil. glabrous, hygr.
striate when moist, even when dry, at length subsquamulose, livid
then whitish ; g. adnate, distant ; s. hollow, glabrous, shining.

var. stygia, Fr. P. campan. umbiL ; g. adnexed, ventricose ;
s. long, slender.

[incompta, Fr. P. plane then depr. blackish olive, virgate with
adglutinated blackish fibrils, viscid ; g. pale grey ; s. fibrillosely striate,
grey.

[xanthophylla, Bres. P. convex-umbil. dry greyish-hoary, virgate
especially at centre with brownish fibrils; g. decur. clear yellow; s.
greyish-white, fibrillose.

Clitocybe — Omphalia. 91

[nigropunctata, Seer. P. exp. umb. whitish, mealy, disc dotted
with black; g. crowded, pallid then yellowish; s. hollow, striate with
black.

[pachyphylla, Fr. P. convexo-plane, dingy yellow or rufescent,
floccosely squamulose; g. thick, distant, yellow; s. tough, yellow.

var. absinthiata. P. scurfy-squamulose, brown-ochre ; g. very
broad, grey then pallid.

bella, Pers. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. depr. or umbil. orange yellow with
darker squarnules ; g. yellow, connected by veins, mealy ; s. 4 — 5 cm.
yellowish ; sp. 6 — 7, subgl. warted.

laccata, Scop. (= Laccaria, B. and Br.). P. exp. subumbil. irreg.
mealy subsquamulose, violet or brown, whitish when dry, 2 — 4 cm. ;
g. thick, distant, coloured like p., mealy; s. 4—7 cm. fibrous, colour
of p. ; sp. globose, warted, 8 — 9.

proxima, Boud. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex then plane, glabrous,
yellowish-brown ; g. adnato-decurrent, pinkish ; s. 6 — 7 cm. even,
smooth, paler than pileus; sp. 7 x 3'5.

Resembling the brown form of C. laccata, differing in the ellipti-
cal, warted spores and glabrous pileus.

[sandicina, Fr. P. convexo-plane, umbil. deformed, even, hygr.
at length greyish-mealy; g. adnate, crowded, purplish, almost naked;
s. hollow, unequal, glabrous, purplish.

[gruinata, Scop. P. campan. -convex, glabrous, cracked into
squamules, disc depr. yellow ; g. broadly adnate, distant, white ;
s. equal, pallid.

sadleri, Berk. This is only an abnormal condition of Hypholoma
fasciculare.

OMPHALIA, Fr.

I. COLLYBIARII. Pileus expanded from the first,
edge incurved.

* Usually large, gills narrow, closely crowded.

hydrogramma, Fr. Livid white, white when dry. P. 4—7 cm.
flaccid, thin, umbil. hygr. edge spreading, striate; g. closely crowded;
s. 6 — 8 cm. base rooting; sp. - .

Differs from Clito. phyllophila in polished stem.

[chrysoleuca, Fr. P. very thin, umbil. shining, white, edge
reflexed, substriate; g. yellowish ; s. smooth, base thickened; sp.
8—10x4.

[ventosa, Fr. P. infundib. glabrous, flaccid, flesh-colour, hygr.;
g. white then flesh-colour; s. colour of p.

[dumosa, Fr. P. very thin, plane, subumbiL rigid, deep brick-
red; g. pallid; s. glabrous, colour of p.

92 Omphalia.

detrusa, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. rather fleshy, umbil. dark grey; g.
with a decur. tooth, whitish; s. 2 — 3 cm. glabrous, dark grey;
sp. — .

[ umbilicata, Fr. P. umbil. then iufundib. edge reflexed, even,
hygr. tinged brown, then pale but disc darker ; g. whitish ; s. terete,
apex striate with white fibrils; sp. 6 — 8x4.

maura, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. thin, deeply umbil. hygr. striate, sooty
brown, pale and silky when dry ; g. shining white ; s. 3 — 5 cm. rigid,
straight, blackish; sp. 5 — 6 x 3 — 4.

Differs from Col. atrata in decur. narrow gills.

[lituua, Fr. P. thin, plane, deeply umbil. hygr. even, bay then
tan; g. grey; s. slightly wavy, grey.

offuciata, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. plano-depr. flesh-colour then pale; g.
colour of p. ; s. 4 — 5 cm. glabrous, reddish ; sp. — .

[scyph.oid.es, Fr. Shining white. P. infundib. silky, unequal ; g.
narrow; s. subvillose, short; sp. 6x2.

[albula, Q. P. umbil. thin, wavy, glabrous; s. solid, slender,
incurved; g. adnato-decur. unequal, yellowish; sp. 10 — 12 long.

[Griovanellae, Bres. P. thin, convex and umbil. then exp. and
umbil., edge striate, silky-flocculose, grey then hoary brown ; g. decur.
crowded, colour of p. ; s. glabrous, colour of p. ; sp. 8 x 3.

Differs from Omp. scyphoides in hoary-grey colour of every part

**. Medium size; gills rather distant, narrow,
narrowed at both ends.

chrysophylla, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. thin, umbil. flaccid, floccose,
brownish yellow then paler, edge reflexed ; g. deep golden yellow ; s.
3 — 5 cm. yellow; sp. 8x4.

Differs from O. Postii in the floccose pileus.

Postii, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. thin, umbil. glabrous, orange; g. whitish;
s. 4 — 6 cm. glabrous, yellow ; sp. - .

var. aurea. Mass. P. very regular; g. slightly decur.; sp. 7 x 3'5.

vesuviana, Brig. P. infundib. orange, edge at length wavy;
g. thickish, narrow ; s. fibrillose, colour of p.

pyxidata, Bull. P. 1 '5 — 2 cm. thin, infundib. rufous-red, radiately
striate, pale when dry, hygr. ; g. flesh-colour then yellowish ; s. 1 '5 — 2
cm. tough, pale tawny; sp. 7—8 x 5 — 6.

leucophylla, Fr. P. 3 — 4 cm. thin, quite infundib. dark grey,
even; g. shining white; s. 3 — 5 cm. grey; sp. 10 long.

Luffii, Mass. Fragrant. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex then depr. glabrous,
pallid then white; g. crowded, decur. pallid; s. 2 — 3 cm. solid, pallid,
polished, often wavy ; sp. 5 x 3.

Ground among grass &c. Differs from Clito. fragrans in short,
polished stem.

costatula, Bres. P. infundib. then revolute, brown, glabrous,
edge striate wavy ; g. decur. straw-colour, joined by veins ; s.
glabrous, tinged straw-colour, base brownish; sp. 6x4.

Omphalia. 93

striaepileus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. plane, umbil. glabrous, entirely
striate, livid brown, hygr. ; g. white ; s. 4 — 5 cm. tough, tinged
brown ; sp. rough, 6 — 7.

Nevillae, B. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. depr. rugose, disc granulated, striate,
brown then pale ; g. white, veined ; s. 2 — 3 cm. brownish, rough, base
downy; sp.

O. affricata differs in scaly p.

sphagnicola, B. P. 2 — 3 cm. thin, soon deeply umbil. squamu-
lose, dingy ochraceous; g. dingy ochre; s. 3 — 4 cm. slightly flexuous,
colour of p. ; sp. 6 x 3.

telmatiaea, B. P. 3 — 7 cm. thin, pliant, soon infund. edge
arched and drooping, umber, hygr. pale and silky when dry; g.
pallid ; s. 2 — 4 cm. grey, base cottony, white; sp. 7x4.

[affricata, Fr. P. umbil. then infundib. not striate, edge bent
down, everywhere with blackish squamules ; g. grey ; s. glabrous,
greyish.

[epichysia, Pers. Soft. P. thin, exp. umbil. sooty grey, pallid
when dry, silky or floccosely scaly; g. plano-decur. whitish then grey;
s. grey; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 5.

philonitis, Lasch. P. 1 — 2 cm. deeply umbil. edge erect, hygr.
floccose when dry, grey; g. deeply decur. greyish; s. 3 — 5 cm.
glabrous, grey; sp. 5 — 7 x 3'5.

Differs from O. oniscus and 0. epichysium in erect margin of p.

[campestris, Rom. P. campan. umbil. then exp. sooty-fuscous,
sulcate when dry; g. greyish-white, decur.; s. equal, glabrous, colour
of p. Appearing late in the season; glabrous; sp. 9 — 13 x 6 — 8.

oniscus, Fr. P. 1-5 — 2'5 cm. thin, infundib. wavy, flaccid, gla-
brous, even, grey; g. grey; s. 2 — 3 cm. wavy, grey; sp. 6x5.

[oniscoides, Karst. P. convex-umbil. sometimes reflexed and
concave, glabrous, everywhere pellucidly striate, sooty or livid
fuscous, pallid grey when dry; g. adnate, then subdecur. white or
greyish, edge denticulate, s. tinged fuscous, base darkest; sp.
5—6 x 4.

caespitosa, Bolt. P. 1 — 2 cm. thin, hemisph. umbil. sulcate,
whitish ochre; g. whitish; s. 1 — 2 cm. coloured like p., base thickened;
sp. 6x5.

[arenicola, Fr. P. thin, cup-shaped, wavy, with wart-like spots,
umber; g. paler than p.; s. short, umber.

glaucophylla, Fr. P. 1 — r5 cm. infundib. plicato-striate, hygr.
mouse-colour then paler; g. olive; s. stuffed, firm; sp. - .

rustica, Fr. P. 5 — 8 mm. thin, slightly convex, umbil. striate,
hygr. greyish brown then paler and silky ; g. grey, edge arcuate ; s.
2 — 2 '5 cm., colour of p.; sp. — .

Differs from O. umbellifera by gills being narrowed behind.

[scyphiformis, Fr. White. P. infundib. glabrous; g. decur.
thin; s. thin, short, glabrous.

Differs from 0. scyphoides in glabrous stem.

94 Omphalia.

* * * Gills truly distant, broad, usually thick.

[tricolor, A. and S. P. ochraceous white, thin, umbil. ; g. orange,
at first with rosy pruinose ; s. yellowish.

dcortiseda, Karst. P. convex then plane, radiato-striate, glabrous,
d ; g. adnato-decur. very distant, thickish, few, pallid ; s. equal,
ine, pallid; sp. 10—11 x 4—6.

[sciopoda, Q. P. convex then umbil. rather crisped, pale straw-
colour, pruinose; g. adnate, thick, sometimes branched, straw-colour
then tinged rose ; s. slender, wavy, velvety-pruinose, white above,
grey below.

demissa, Fr. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. thin, plane then umbil. striate,
shining rufous then pale ; g. purplish ; s. 1 cm., colour of p. ; sp. 7 x 5.
(10—12 x 6—8 Sacc.)

[grisella, Karst P. convex, disc depr. silky, sulcate, pale
fuscescent, whitish when dry ; g. adnate, distant, plane, whitish ;
s. equal, glabrous, apex pruinose, pale, becoming more or less smoky;
sp. 6 — 10 x 2 — 4.

hepatica, Fr. P. 1-5 — 2'5 cm. tough, rigid, infundib. glabrous,
brownish flesh-colour then pale; g. narrow, whitish, connected by
veins; s. 2 cm. very tough, colour of p.; sp. 5 — 8x2 — 4.

Differs from 0. pyxidata in toughness, even edge of p. and pallid
gills.

muralis, Sow. P. 1 — 2 cm. becoming infundib. radiato-striate,
rufous brown; g. pallid; s. 1 — 1'5 cm. glabrous, coloured like p.; sp.
rough, 10 x 5.

[cuneifolia, Karst. Very fragile. P. convex then plane, obtuse,
dry, glabrous, pellucidly striate when moist, sooty, tan when dry ; g.
adnate, distant, thickish ; broad, ventricose or broadest in front,
obliquely truncate, greyish; s. apex scurfy, solid; sp. 10 — 12x9 — 10.

[lilacina, Laest. P. plane, violet then pale; g. deeply decur.
connected by veins, yellow ; s. persistently violet.

umbellifera, L. P. 1 — 2 cm. convexo-plane, radiately striate,
even and rather silky when dry, grey, yellow, brownish, pallid, &c. ;
g. very distant and broad behind, colour of p. ; s. 1 cm. colour of p. ;
sp. 3 x 2'5.

var. myochroa, Fr. P. brownish umber; s. strigosely rooting.

var. abiegena, B. and Br. Pale yellow.

var. viridis, Fl. Dan. Every part pale green.

[Kalchbrenneri, Bres. P. tough, convex, umbil. subexp. glabrous,
hygr. subochre; g. deeply decur. whitish; s. colour of p., base often
brownish; sp. 8 — 10x4 — 5.

[velutina, Q. Downy, greyish. P. umbiL striate; g. arcuate; s.
filiform, base white floccose ; sp. 8 long.

infumata, B. and Br. P. 3 — 4 mm. obtuse, greenish then smoky;
g. few, broad, yellow; s. 2 cm. thin, yellow, tomentose below.

Omphalia. 95

[griseolilacina, Steinh. Entirely greyish lilac, grey when dry ; p.
umb. then exp. edge incurved, even, glabrous; g. adnate then decur. ;
s. cylindricalj equal ; sp. 6 — 9 x 4 — 5.

buccinalis, Sow. White. P. up to 1 cm. trumpet-shaped, plane
or depr.; g. deeply decur. triangular; s. expanding into p.; sp.

[hirsuta, Q. ( = 0. caricicola, Lasch). Hyaline-white, soon flaccid.
P. umbil. convex, very thin; gills or folds obliterated; s. capillary,
short, pilose, base bulbillose ; sp. rough, 9 long.

retosta, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. plano-depr. umber, polished and pale
when dry ; g. distant, broad, narrowed at both ends, paler than p. ; s.
2 cm. glabrous, paler than p. ; sp. — .

Differs from O. umbellifera in having gills narrowed behind.

abhorrens, B. and Br. Foetid. P. 1 — 1-5 cm. umbil. brown then
pale ; g. narrow, pale ; s. 2 cm. slender, apex thickened, colour of p. ;
sp. — .

pseudoandrosacea, Bull. P. convex, umbil. then infundib. plicate,
edge crenulate, whitish or grey; g. deeply decur. segmentoid; s.
slender ; sp. 5 — 7 x 3 — 4.

griseo-pallida, Desm. P. plane, umbil. even, glabrous, brownish
grey then |pale; g. broadest behind, grey; s. stuffed, fuscous, 1 cm.;
sp. — .

Differs from O. umbellifera and O. rustica by p. not being striate
when moist.

albidopallens, Karst. P. convex, orbicular, scarcely umbil.
pellucidly striate, naked, hyaline white or pallid ; g. adnate, decur.
crowded, pallid ; s. equal, naked, pallid ; sp. 4 — 5 x 3.

[schizoxylon, Fr. P. thin, almost plane, umbil. glabrous, grey ;
g. narrow, paler than p. ; s. rufous brown.

[bibula, Q. P. umbil. when moist, silky, olive-yellow then grey ;
g. arcuate, broad, citrin ; s. tinged citrin.

Near to if not identical with Hygr. Wynniae.

stellata, Fr. White. P. convex, umbil. diaphanous, striate ; g.
very distant, thin, broad ; s. equal, base radiately floccose ; sp. 4 x 6.

II. MYCENARII. P. at first campanulate, margin
straight, adpressed to stem.

* Gills broad, perfect, unequal.

campanella, Batsch. P. 1 cm. convex, umbil. striate, hygr. rusty
yellow ; g. connected by veins, arcuate, yellow ; s. 2 — 3 cm. horny, bay,
base narrowed, tawny-strigose ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3 — 4.

var. badipus, Cke. Base of s. slightly bulbous.

var. papillata, Fr. P. acutely conical

var. myriadea, Kalchbr. Small, caespitose.

96 Omphalia.

[incomis, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous or broken up into
squamules, pale fuscous ; g. adnato-decur. broad, white ; s. tough,
thinner below, colour of p. ; sp. - .

[psilocyboides, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, tawny yellow ;
g. very broad, yellowish-white ; s. 8 — 12 cm. equal, bay, white-fibrillose,
apex paler and pruinose ; sp. — .

[brunneola, Q. Chestnut umber. P. umbil. squamulose ; g.
arcuate, white ; s. floccosely punctate, base with spreading fawn-
coloured down ; sp. 10.

[atripes, Rab. P. thin, plano-depr. infundib. brown, pale and
silky shining when dry ; g. very broad behind, brownish, albo-pruinose ;
s. black, base bluish-pruinose.

[Laestadii, Fr. P. hemispherical, umbil. even, tawny-bay, shining ;
g. distinct, yellow ; s. rigid rufous bay.

picta, Fr. P. 1 cm. campan. cucullate, umbil. glabrous, striate,
fuscous ; g. very broad, pallid ; s. horny, bay, membranous spreading
base tawny ; sp. 7 — 10 x 4.

camptophylla, B. P. 1 cm. convex then exp. deeply striate, disc
brown, rest pale grey ; g. ascending then abruptly decur. white ; s.
3 — 4 cm. very slender, whitish, base radiately strigose ; sp. 8 — 10
x6— 8.

[cyanophylla, Fr. P. thin, camp, umbil. striate, livid or bluish
becoming yellowish ; g. clear blue ; s. glabrous ; sp. 5 — 7 x 3 — 4.

[Cornui, Q. P. umbil. tawny ; g. yellow with violet tinge ; s. horny,
bay, base inflated, downy, yellow.

freclina, Fr. P. thin, rigid camp, then entirely infundib. livid ;
g. thick, white or grey ; s. tough ; sp. 6 x 4 — 5.

[deflexa, Karst. P. campan.-convex, mostly umbil. everywhere
striate, fuscescent or pale livid, pale when dry ; g. decur. arcuate,
white ; s. solid, tough, pallid, glabrous ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4 — 6.

umbratila, Fr. P. 2 cm. thin, campan. then convex, umbil. umber
brown, hygr. ; g. broad, brownish ; s. 3 — 4 cm. stuffed, brownish ; sp.
7x5.

Readily mistaken with Coll. atrata and C. ambwta, differs in sub-
decur. gills.

[invita, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, striate when moist,
sooty or livid sooty, pale when dry ; g. adnate, very broad, white ; s.
colour of p. ; sp. glob. 5 — 6.

grisea, Fr. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. camp, glabrous, everywhere striate,
livid grey then hoary; g. distant, greyish; s. greyish-white, apex
thickened, 5 — 7 cm. ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

[setipes, Fr. P. convex, subpapillate, everywhere striate, brownish-
grey ; g. greyish white, connected by veins ; s. filiform, base pubescent ;
sp. 6 — 7 x 2—3.

fibula, Bull. P. up to 1 cm. cucullate then exp. umbil. striate,
orange yellow then pale ; g. deeply decur. pale ; s. 3 — 4 cm. very
slender, weak, pale orange ; sp. 4 — 5 x 2.

var. Swartzii, Fr. Apex of stem violet.

Omphalia. 97

[chlorocyanea, Pat. Small, entirely bluish green outside and
inside. P. convex, g. distant, decur. unequal ; s. solid, slender.

directa, B. and Br. P. 2—3 mm. nail-shaped flat at apex, white ;
g. decur. white ; s. rather wavy, 2 cm. whitish, tinged rufous, with
long hairs at base.

belliae, Johnst P. 1 cm. thin, dry, top-shaped, infundib. pallid ;
g. decur. thick, veined ; s. 2 — 3 cm. brownish, adhering by a cottony
base.

[pectinata, Rom. Entirely white, glabrous, hygr. P. thin, con-
vex, umbil. edge wavy or lobed, sulcate to middle ; g. decur. distant ;
s. subequal, almost glabrous ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3.

gracillima, Weinm. Snow-white. P. 4 — 5 mm. downy, sulcate ;
g. decur. distant, thin ; s. 1'5 cm. filiform, base cottony ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3.

[gracilis, Q. Snow-white. P. apiculate, striato-sulcate, glabrous;
g. arcuate, distant ; s. filiform, pellucid, pruinose, base downy, rooting ;
sp. 8x2.

[Candida, Bres. Shining white. P. thin, convex, exp. often
papillate, glabrous, pellucidly striate ; g. deeply decur. connected by
veins at base ; s. splitting into fibres, glabrous, base rooting, strigose ;
sp. 9—11x4-5—5.

bullula, Brig. White. P. 3 — 4 mm. even, hemisph. diaphanous ;
g. arched, decur. ; s. 2 cm. filiform.

* * Gills fold-like, narrow.

integrella, Pers. White. P. 3 — 7 mm. hemisph. then exp.
pellucid- striate ; g. equal, fold-like, distant, rather branched ; s. very-
slender, pubescent ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

[microscopica, Wirt. Minute, diaphanous. P. 3 — 4 mm. in-
fundib. 4 — 6, sulcate ; g. very narrow, arcuate ; s. capillary.

polyadelphus, Lasch. Pure white. P. 2 — 3 mm. coarsely striate
and minutely flocculose ; g. decurrent ; s. 1 — 2 cm. very slender, base
downy ; sp. 5 x 2 '5.

[cuspidata, Q. Hyaline white. P. very acuminate, striate, floc-
culose; g. decur. branched; s. filiform, pulverulent, the slight bulb
hairy ; sp. 8 long.

[crispula, Q. White, diaphanous. P. crisped, pruinose; g.
wrinkled, very thin ; s. short, filiform, pruinose ; sp. 8 long.

[gibba, Pat. ( = Cyphella infundibuliformis, Fr.). White, minute.
P. trumpet-shaped, gibbous then deeply infundib. downy ; g. mere
traces of folds ; s. slender, downy.

M. F.

98 Pkurotus.

PLEUROTUS, Fr.

A. EXCENTRICI. Pileus entire, extended laterally,
eccentric but not truly lateral.

* Veil forming a ring on the stem.

corticatus, Fr. P. 8 — 18 cm. convex then exp. covered with
dense greyish down then floccosely squamulose; g. decur. white,
anastomosing behind ; tinged yellow when old ; s. 3 — 7 cm. subexc.
rooting, ring torn ; s. 9 — 14 x 4 — 6.

[Albertinii, Fr. P. convex, dimidiate, sooty, with black squa-
mules ; g. decur. distinct, white ; s. with black squamules up to sooty
ring.

dryinus, Pers. P. 5—9 cm. oblique or subcircular, hard, whitish
with brownish spot- like squamules, flesh white then yellowish; g.
decur. not anastomosing behind, white tinged yellow ; s. 2 — 3 cm.
sublateral, ring fugacious, torn ; sp. 10x4.

Differs from P. corticatus in gills not anastomosing behind.

spongiosus, Fr. P. 5 — 8 cm. spongy, pulvinate, greyish tomen-
tose ; g. sinuato-adnexed, white, simple ; s. 1 — 3 cm. tomentose, white,
ring white, soon torn ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4.

[calyptratus, Lindbl. P. soft, lateral-dimidiate, horizontal,
reniform, glabrous, viscid, sooty or livid ; g. adnate to a nodule,
crowded, white then yellowish ; s. a downy nodule, viscid membranous
ring torn.

* * Gills sinuate or obtusely adnate.

ulm.ar.ius, Bull. P. 8 — 15 cm. convex then plane, glabrous, livid
then pale, spotted; g. adnexed, broad, whitish; s. 1 — 3 cm. base
thickened, tomentose ; sp. 5 — 6, glob.

tessulatus, Bull. P. 7—10 cm. convex then plane or depr.
behind, glabrous, tawny then paler and spotted ; g. uncinato-adnate,
white then yellowish ; s. 1 — 3 cm. glabrous ; sp. - .

[pardalis, Schulz. Caespitose. P. fleshy, convex, subcentral,
glabrous, chestnut then spotted; g. free, crowded, pallid; s. stout,
solid, connate at base, white.

[decorus, Fr. Yellow. P. thin, convex then exp. obtuse, rough
with adnate blackish scales ; g. obtusely adnate, crowded ; s. stuffed
then hollow, fibrillose ; sp. glob. 6.

[ornatus, Fr. P. convexo-plane, urnb. with rusty floccose squa-
mules that disappear ; g. adnate, very broad, yellow ; s. spongy, yellow ;
sp. 6 long.

[properatus, C. Mart P. membranous, form various, always

Pleurotus. 99

umbil. central or excentric, yellowish white with concentric brown
scales ; g. adnato-decur. tinged yellow, edge eroded ; s. cylindric with
concentric brown scales, ring membranaceous, fugacious.

subpalmatus, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. Caespitose. Convex then depr.
rugulose, rufescent, cuticle gelatinous ; g. adnate, connected behind,
dingy ; s. 3 — 4 cm. incurved ; sp. — .

Remarkable for the variegated flesh.

[coripellis, Fr. P. rigid, glabrous, moist, somewhat bay, thick
pellicle separable, disc compact, umb. ; g. arcuato-adnate, plane,
crowded, white ; s. excentric, vertical, rigid, fibrillosely striate,
whitish.

P. almost black but fawn or yellow-brown when dry. Flesh tinged
fuscous.

craspedius, Fr. Caespitose. P. 8—14 cm. thin, crenate or lobed,
brick-red or paler, glabrous ; g. adnate, narrow, crowded, white ; s.
4 — 7 cm. solid, elastic, glabrous, pallid : sp. 5.

fimbriatus, Bolt. P. 4 — 7 cm. thin, plane then depr. margin
sinuate or lobed, hygr. hyaline, whitish ; g. adnate, closely crowded,
white ; s. 2 — 3 cm. firm, compr. downy ; sp. - .

lignatilis, Fr. Whitish. P. tough, convex then plane, umbil.
irreg. floccosely pruinose then glabrous ; g. adnate, crowded, narrow,
shining white ; s. irreg. rather downy ; sp. 4 x 3.

var. tephrocephalus, Fr. P. more compact, disc black then grey,
edge white.

Ruthae, B. and Br. P. 3—7 cm. more or less fan-shaped, whitish
or yellowish-buff, cuticle gelatinous, rather hispid ; g. anastomosing
behind, white then reddish, veined ; s. 1 — 3 cm. reddish, hispid ;
sp. - .

Differs from P. pantoleucus in g. anastomosing behind, and not
decurrent.

circinatus, Fr. White. P. 5—7 cm. plane, orbicular, silky-
pruinose ; g. adnato-decur. crowded ; s. 2 — 5 cm. equal, glabrous,
rooting; sp. - .

[olearius, D. C. Caespitose. P. subexcentric plane or umbil. dry,
reddish tawny or deep brown ; g. decur. narrow, yellow ; s. solid,
firm, reddish-brown ; sp. 5 x 4.

Gills phosphorescent.

var. carpini ( = P. carpini, Fr.). P. convexo-exp. angular,
rivulosely scaly when dry ; s. slender, short, excentric or lateral ; g.
adnexed, thin, rusty.

[juglandinus, Kalchbr. P. plano-convex, even, glabrous, dingy
golden-yellow, rather lobed ; g. decur. distant, ends narrowed ; s. ex-
centric, solid, brown- pilose ; sp. 5'5 x 2 '5.

* * * Gills decurrent ; stem almost vertical.
[aquifolii, Fr. P. rather wavy, soft, convex then plane, dusky
tan; g. thick, dusky, joined in a ring behind; s. stout, equal, white.
Edible.

7—2

100 • Pleurotus.

[eryngii, D. C. P. fleshy, tough, exp. depr. irreg. rufous-grey,
scabrid-virgate ; g. broad, tinged pink ; s. naked, whitish, solid ; sp.
7—9 x 3'5.

[nebrodensis, Inzeng. P. compact, convex then depr. even,
glabrous, grey ; g. decur. whitish ; s. solid, excentric or lateral, short,
ascending, whitish.

[nausepsodulcis, Karst. P. soft, irreg. unequal, exp. even, gla-
brous, entirely tan ; g. decur. crowded, pallid ; s. excentric, rarely
central, solid, tomentose, whitish ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5.

sapidus, Kalchbr. Caespitose. P. fleshy, deformed, centre depr.
glabrous, pallid ; g. decur. whitish ; several stems springing from a
common base ; sp. 11 — 12 x 4.

More or less trumpet-shaped. Edible.

[cornucopoides, Pers. P. very variable in form, convex, depr.
glabrous, white then livid yelllow ; g. decur. white ; s. subexcentric to
lateral, expanding into p.

[lingulatus, Paulet. P. dimidiate or entire, umbil. convex,
deformed, even, pale ochre, edge incurved; g. subdecur. closely
crowded, paler than p. ; s. solid, long, subcompr. white; sp. 10 — 12 long.

[melanopus, Pr. P. excentric or dimidiate, deformed, some-
what lobed, glabrous pale rufous ; g. decur. crowded, narrow, whitish
red ; s. solid, glabrous, ascending, black.

[spodoleucus, Fr. P. plane, orbicular, even, glabrous, greyish ;
g. crowded, white, separate behind ; s. solid, glabrous, paler than p. ;
sp. 5 — 6 x 2 — 3.

pantoleucus, Fr. White. P. 4 — 7 cm. even, glabrous, spathu-
late, depr. behind, marginate; g. crowded, distinct at base; s.
1 — 2 cm. ascending, glabrous, not rooting ; sp. 11 — 12 x 4.

Differs from P. spodoleucus in pileus being white and depressed
behind.

[pometi, Fr. White. P. fleshy, rather flaccid, convex, even, disc
depr. ; g. decur. crowded, not joined behind ; s. elastic with a downy
rooting base ; sp. 6 — 9 x 3 — 4.

[Battarrae, Q. White. P. cyathiform, spotted with blackish
brown squamules ; g. milk-white ; s. slender, attenuated ; sp. 12 long.

[lignicola, Sacc. White. P. tough, irreg. exp. subumbil. floc-
cosely pruitiose ; g. adnato-decur. crowded, shining white ; s. long,
incurved, flocculose at first ; sp. 14x4.

mutilus, Fr. White. P. 2 — 2'5 cm. fleshy, irreg. silky when dry ;
g. narrow, simple ; s. 1 — 2 cm. long, terete, base downy ; sp. - - .

Resembles Omph. scyphoides. Differs in nearly glabrous, irreg.
p. not becoming infundib.

[macropus, Bagl. Large, caespitose. P. excentric, exp. glabrous,
sooty-grey ; g. decur. white ; s. joined at base, firm, long, thickly
tomentose.

[luteo-caesius, Bagl. P. subexcentric, exp. fibrillosely rivulose,
tawny brown, edge wavy, incurved; g. subdecur. narrow, greyish
yellow; s. solid, fibrillose, long rooting.

Pleurotus. 101

[lutincola, Lasch. Caespitose, fuscous; p. glabrous; g. adnate
with a tooth running down stem to torn ring ; s. often excentric.

[pulvinatus, Pers. P. pulvinate, rather wavy, glabrous, whitish,
disc tinged flesh-colour ; g. decur. crowded, white ; s. very short,
solid, hard.

* * * * Veil absent ; gills deeply decur, ; pileus lateral,
sessile or produced behind into a short stem-like base.

ostreatus, Jacq. Tufted. P. 7 — 15 cm. fleshy, shell-shaped,
ascending, blackish then grey or pallid ; g. rather distant, anasto-
mosing behind, pallid ; s. widening into p. very short, downy or
strigose at base ; sp. 10 — 12 x 4 — 5. Esculent.

var. euosmus, B. Smell strong. Gills and spores tinged pink.

var. columbinus, Q. P. dark bluish-grey.

var. nudipes, Boud. S. quite glabrous.

[ambiguus, Oud. Excentric. P. sessile or shortly stalked,
shining, blackish or deep violet, edge incurved; g. deeply decur.
anastomosing behind, lilac ; s. firm, elastic, thickened upwards, base
strigose.

revolutus, Kickx. P. 9 — 15 cm. fleshy, firm, elastic, shining,
depr. behind, smoky-yellow then grey, edge incurved ; g. serrulate,
white ; s. 2—3 cm. short, thick, whitish ; sp. - .

var. anglicus. Edge of p. not or very slightly incurved ; g. pallid
ochraceous.

[Staringii, Oud. Excentric. P. lateral, produced at base into
a short oblique stem, suborbicular or reniform, exp. very glabrous,
smoky fuscous, centre paler ; g. white, anastomosing behind.

salignus, Pers. P. 4 — 9 cm. fleshy, spongy, becoming depr.
behind and strigose, horizontal, yellow brown or dusky ; g. somewhat
branched, edge eroded, dingy; s. short, firm, tomentose; sp. 8 — 11
x3— 4.

| Saccardiamis, Arc. Subexcentric, usually sinuately lobed, even,
glabrous, at length exp. and wavy, tan or grey ; g. narrow, thin,
crowded ; s. striate, glabrous, grey or umber ; sp. 6 — 5 x 3—4.

[roseocinereus, Allesch. P. thin, campan. edge becoming split
and striate, fibrously silky, rosy-grey ; g. very broad, pallid flesh-red ;
s. shining white, fibrously striato-sulcate ; sp. pale rufous, 5 — 7.

acerinus, Fr. White. P. 3—8 cm. tough, circular, silky-villose ;
g. closely crowded, white then yellowish ; s. subobsolete, downy ;
sp. — .

[pathenopejus, Comes. Large, caespitose. P. excentric, gener-
ally dimidiate, conchate, elliptical or rounded, mouse-grey then pale,
viscid, squamulose ; g. deeply decur. base anastomosing, white then
tinged yellow ; sp. 9 — 12 x 4 — 6.

[Gemmellari, Inzeng. Large, sessile. P. lateral, convex then
exp. yellowish, striate, upper stratum gelatinous; g. decur. broad,
anastomosing behind, white then sulphur.

102 Pleurotus.

B. DIMIDIATI. P. definitely lateral, without a free
margin behind ; not resupinate at first.

[geoginus, D. C. P. erect, subinfundib. even, glabrous, edge
wavy, reflexed, brownish ; g. decur. crowded, white ; s. very short,
thick, tuberous.

petaloides, Bull. P. 2—5 cm. thin, ascending, spathulate, entire,
disc depr. brownish then pale ; g. crowded, narrow, whitish ; s. short,
compressed, downy ; sp. 9 — 10 x 4.

P. porrigens differs in being white and stemless.

[semiinfundibulifonnis, Karst. Erect, simple, semiinfundib.
even, glabrous, rusty tan, edge wavy, reflexed ; g. deeply decur.
crowded, whitish then yellowish ; s. exactly lateral, pallid ; sp. 4 — 6,
subgl.

pulmonarius, Fr. P. 4—5 cm. obovate or reniform, rather con-
vex, glabrous, greyish or tan ; g. plano-decur. simple, albo-livid ; s.
round, very short, downy ; sp. - .

Differs from P. serotinvs in very short s., and glabrous p.

var. juglandis, Fr. Gregarious ; g. greyish brown.

[pulmonariellus, Karst. P. convex, reniform, rather strigose,
even, yellowish, intermediate stratum thick, gelatinous ; g. plauo-
decur. crowded, white then yellowish ; s. very short.

[almeni, Fr. P. thin, reniform, glabrous, brownish tawny, nar-
rowed behind into a very short stem ; g. determinately decur. diver-
gent, paler than pileus ; sp. 7 — 9 x 3—4.

serotinus, Schrad. P. 3 — 7 cm. fleshy, compact, viscid, reniform
or obovate, yellowish-green, or sooty-olive ; g. crowded, yellow then
pallid ; s. 2 cm. with blackish squamules ; sp. — .

mitis, Pers. P. 1 — 2 cm. tough, reniform, dry, rufescent then
whitish ; g. crowded, distinct, white ; s. 1 cm. compressed, dilated
upwards, whitish-squamulose ; sp. 4 x 2.

gadinoides, W. G. Sm. White. P. 1—1'S cm. horizontal, shell-
shaped, hygr. floccose, dry ; g. crowded, branched ; s. minute or
absent ; sp. 7 x 3.

limpidus, Fr. White. P. 1 — 2 cm. obovate or reniform, even,
glabrous, hygr., narrowed behind to point of attachment ; g. white,
decur. to base ; sp. - .

Differs from P. mitis in being shining white and subsessile.

[limpidoides, Karst. P. obpvoid or reniform, often lobed, soft,
even, velvety, dark grey then livid ; g. decur. whitish ; upper stratum
of flesh gelatinous ; sp. 6 — 9 x 3 — 4.

[subrufulus, Karst. P. soft, subgelatinous, orbicular or reniform,
even, glabrous, rufous- or pinkish-white ; g. crowded, white ; s. lateral,
strigose, very short.

[planus, Fr. Minute, subsessile, violet then flesh-colour.

reniformis, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. horizontal, reniform, grey, disc depr.
plane ; g. spreading from tubercular stem-like base, divergent, grey ;
sp. — .

Pleurotus. 103

[Kerneri, Wettst. P. obovate or reniform, lateral, not immargi-
nate behind, sessile, entire, edge lobed, convex, grey, base blackish,
minutely pulverulent ; g. grey, simple ; sp. glob. 3 — 5.

tremulus, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. reniform, even, glabrous, disc depr.
greyish brown then pale ; g. rather distant, grey ; s. 1 cm. subterete,
ascending, grey ; sp. 6 — 8 x 5 — 7.

Differs from P. reniformis in having a stem.

lauro-cerasi, B. and Br. P. 2 — 3 cm. thin, horizontal, circular or
shell-shaped, sulcate, brownish, attached by narrowed base ; g. broad
at middle, whitish ; sp. 8 x 5.

[dictyorhizus, D. C. White. P. very thin, orbicular, sinuate,
subsessile, base reticulately-fibrillose ; g. simple, unequal ; sp. 6 long.

acerosus, Fr. P. 2 — :j cm. very thin, reniform, plane, striate,
sublobed, grey, silky white when dry ; g. narrow, crowded, grey ; s.
obsolete, base substrigose ; sp. glob. 5 — 6.

[Severinii, Com. Shining white. Velvety then almost glabrous,
orbicular, edge entire, incurved ; g. decur. simple ; s. short, in-
curved.

C. KESUPINATI. Pileus at first resupinate ; gills radi-
ating from an ecccentric point ; thenref""""* ^-"^"

* Pileus fleshy , uniform in texture.

porrigens, Pers. White. P. 4 — 7 cm. thin, tough, resup. then
ascending, ear- or fan-shaped, glabrous upwards ; g. very narrow ; sp.
7—8 x 6.

Resembling P. petaloides in habit but white, and no stem-like
base.

[pinsitus, Fr. P. fleshy, soft, horizontal, silky-villose, wavy, hygr.
dingy then white ; g. broad, distinct ; sp. rough, 10 — 11 long.

[nidulans, Pers. P. subreniform, tomentose, yellow ; g. broad,
tawny-orange ; sp. 3 — 5 x 1.

[caesiozonatus, Rab. P. subsessile, tough, plane then depr.
behind, downy, ochre-brown, zoned with bluish grey; g. broad,
brownish yellow.

septicus, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. rather fleshy, resup. then reflexed,
pubescent, white; s. thin, 2 — 3 mm. incurved, disappearing; g.
distant ; sp. 8 — 10 x 6.

Claudopus variabilis differs in tinted gills and spores.

[roseolus, Q. P. convex, conchoid, translucent, striate, rather
woolly, rosy-purple ; g. rosy, edge darker ; s. curved, downy, colour of
p. ; sp. 8.

104 Pleurotus.

* * Pileus fleshy, striate, upper surface gelatinous, or
with a viscid pellicle.

mastrucatus, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. resup. then exp. and horizontal,
often lobed, brown, with erect bristly squamules ; g. broad, greyish
white ; sp. - - .

[rivulorum, Pat. and Doas. P. subgelatinous, pellucid, rusty
brown and covered with white down, horizontal or ascending ; g. grey
then vinous ; s. lateral, tubercular, downy, white, rosy when touched ;
sp. 4—6.

[tremens, Q. P. reniform or flabellate, diaphanous, rosy-violet,
tremelloid ; g. sinuate, pinkish ; s. lateral, colour of p. ; sp. rough,
6—7.

atrocoeruleus, Fr. P. 2—5 cm. fleshy, downy, dusky blue;
g. broad, whitish ; sp. glob. 2 — 3.

P. sometimes brownish, and g. sometimes yellowish.

[myxotrich.us. Lev. P. reniform, at first viscid, becoming spongy,
covered with white down, sessile or with a short stem ; g. rather
broad, crowded ; sp. 10 — 12 long.

[furvellus, Karst. P. dusky or bluish rosy, yellowish-white then
brownish when old ; sp. 6—9 x 4 — 5.

Allied to P. unguicularis but larger and becoming pale.

Leightoni, B. P. 1 — 1-5 cm. at first obliquely conical then shell-
shaped, umber or lead-colour, scurfy and with short black bristles ; g.
distant, tan, forked at base ; sp. — .

algidus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. horizontal, reniform, pellicle thin,
viscid, reddish-brown or grey ; g. crowded, yellowish.

fluxilis, Fr. P. reniform, gelatinoso- viscid above, umber; g.
radiating from a lateral point, distant, whitish ; sp. 10 long.

[unguicularis, Fr. P. resup. covered with a viscid pellicle, grey
or blackish ; s. incurved then ascending, very short, white ; g. distant,
white; sp. 4 — 6 x 1'5.

[Silvanus, Sacc. P. thin, sessile, cupulate or dimidiate, resupi-
nate then reflexed, very even, glabrous, greyish black, very minutely
whi te- scurfy ; g. broad, dingy white; sp. strongly curved, 8—9
x 3-5—4.

cyphellaeformis, B. P. 5—8 mm. pendulous, cup-shaped, downy
or mealy, upper layer gelatinous, grey; g. narrow, distant, pure
white; sp. — .

Resembling a Cyphella in habit.

[nivosus, Q. P. thin, campan. sessile, gelatinous, white and like
parchment when dry, granularly rugose, striate, subpellucid, smoky
grey, when moist with hyaline warts ; g. narrow, white ; sp. reniform,
12x2.

applicatus, Batsch. P. 4—8 mm. dusky grey, sessile, thin, rather

Pleurotus. 105

firm, cupulate, resupinate then reflexed, slightly striate, subpruinose,
base downy; gills broad, paler; sp. glob. 4 — 5.

Differs from P. tremulus in absence of distinct s.

[Mustialensis, Karst. P. resupinate, subgelatinous within,
sessile or with an exceedingly short lateral stem, black, white-
tomentose ; g. distant, narrow, paler ; sp. 6 — 8 x 4.

Differs from P. applicatus in black p. with white down, and
dark g.

* * * Pileus membranaceous, not viscid.

Hobsoni, B. P. 4 — 7 mm. reniform or semicircular, horizontal,
pale grey, downy ; g. radiating, pallid ; sp. — .

Differs from P. applicatus in being plane.

striatulus, Fr. P. 3 — 4 mm. very thin, pale grey, slightly cup-
shaped, striate, glabrous ; g. few, distant.

[canus, Q. P. thin, dimidiate, reniform, edge mostly lobed,
whitish, downy, striate ; g. very distant, adnate, white, edge fimbriate;
s. rudimentary ; sp. 7 — 9 x 5.

[arenarius, Lasch. Hoary-pallid, subsulcate, slightly tomentose ;
g. distant, thick, broad ; s. absent or very short, white-floccose.

Allied to P. striatulus.

[perpusillus, Fr. White. P. very thin, resup. then reflexed,
even, glabrous ; g. few, broad.

[subplicatus, Karst. P. very thin, resup. orbicular, usually
entire, almost plane, striato-plicate, rather silky, white, fixed by a
white downy base ; g. radiating from an excentric point, broad,
whitish ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4 — 5.

var. cinereus, Karst. Entirely pale grey or glaucous.

hypnophilus, B. P. 3 — 6 mm. very thin, flat, white, rather
reniform, nearly smooth ; g. radiating, distant, simple ; sp. 5 x 3.

Resembling Claudopus variabilis, but gills and spores white.

chioneus, Pers. Snow white. P. 2 — 3 mm. very thin, subresu-
pinate, downy; s. short, downy, evanescent ; g. rather broad ; sp.
10 long.

P. septicus is larger ; s. more distinct ; p. thicker.

Differs from P. hypnophilus in downy pileus.

[craterellus, Dur. and Lev. Cupulate, white, even, downy, edge
entire ; sp. 6 long.

| pudens. Q. P. downy, hygr. coriaceous, cup-shaped, g. radiating,
thin, wavy, white tinged lilac ; s. central, short.

106 Cantharellus.

CANTHARELLUS, Adans.
A. MESOPUS. Pileus entire. Stem central.

* Pileus and stem fleshy and solid.

cibarius. Every part opaque yellowish-buff. P. 3—7 cm. wavy
then turbinate, glabrous ; g. thick, distant ; s. 3 — 5 cm. narrowed
below ; sp. 9 x 5 — 6.

Edible. Smell none when fresh, like apricots when kept for some
time. Sometimes all whitish.

var. rufipes, Gillet. Flesh pale ochraceous, s. rufous at base.

[ametnysteus, Q. P. thick, egg-yellow, edge flocculose violet
flesh-colour ; g. reticulate, yellow ; s. obconic, colour of p. ; sp.
11 long.

Friesii, Q. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex then depr. villose, somewhat
orange ; g. fold-like, branched, yellow ; s. 2 cm. slender, downy, base
white, narrowed ; sp. 6 — 7 x 2 — 3.

With gills of C. cibarius and habit of C. aurantiacus.

aurantiacus, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. thin, depr. soft, subtomentose,
dingy orange then pale ; g. crowded, dichotomous, orange, rather
broad; s. 1—2 cm. expanding upwards, orange, base often dark;
sp. 10x5.

Poisonous. Perhaps should be placed under Clitocybe.

[hypnorum, Brond. P. campan. tomentose, yellowish or pale
ochre; g. decur. branched, yellow; s. slender, solid, wavy, almost
glabrous, yellowish.

[rufescens, Fr. P. plano-depr. almost glabrous, gilvous, thin ; g.
crowded, thin ; s elongated, stuffed, narrowed upwards.

[olidus, Q. ( = (7. rufescens, Q. not Fr.) P. fleshy, edge downy,
white, convex then cyathiform, flesh white then pinkish; g. decur.
pinkish ; s. rosy ; sp. 3 — 4 long.

Taste sweetish. Smell of burnt sugar when dry.

[brachypodes, Chev. P. thin, infundib. almost glabrous, fuscous;
the short stuffed stem and straight gills yellowish.

Brownii, B. and Br. P. rather fleshy, convex, subumb. pale
ochre then reddish ; g. very narrow, simple or forked, whitish ;
s. 3 — 5 cm. slender, tough ; sp. 7 x 5.

Gills very narrow, vein-like, hardly decur.

[subdenticulatus, Mont. Small, entirely apricot colour. P.
rather scurfy, convex and umb. then subdepr. edge spinously toothed ;
gills fold-like, thickish, decur. ; s. solid, flocculose above, base narrowed ;
sp. globose.

Caniharellus. 107

[parvus, Otth. P. infundib. fibrously scaly, brownish-grey; g.
fold-like, scarcely prominent, yellowish ; s. slender, twisted, greyish-
yellow, sulcate.

carbonarius, A. and S. P. 3 — 6 cm. umbil. bay then blackish,
striato-squamulose ; g. straight, narrow, white ; s. 2'5 cm. paler than
p. rooting ; sp. 14 — 15 x 7 — 8.

Fasciculate, 2 — 3 pilei often appearing to spring from a branched
stem.

umbonatus, Fr. P. To — 2'5 cm. thin, umb. then depr. flocculose,
blackish grey ; s. 5 — 7 cm. equal, paler ; g. straight, crowded, white ;
sp. 10 x 4 — 5.

Resembling an Agaric in habit.

albidus, Fr. P. T5 — 2'5 cm. infundib. wavy, glabrous, pallid,
sometimes indistinctly zoned ; g. dichotomous, white ; s. 2 — 3 cm.
solid, subequal, glabrous ; sp. - .

Tough, sometimes tinged brown or yellow.

[longipes, Lamb. P. centre prominent, edge thin, upturned, dry,
even, chestnut; g. fold-like, decur. closely crowded, forked, yellowish;
s. long, pale grey.

[Turrissi, Inz. Straw-colour. P. fleshy-waxy, hygr. convex then
digitaliform, often umbil.; g. decur. white, thick, fold-like, simple,
rarely branched ; s. white, ventricosely fusiform.

* * Pileus submembranaceous ; stem tubular, polished.

tubaeformis, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. infundib. wavy, lobed, flocculose,
brownish then pale ; g. thick, distant, much branched, smoky yellow,
not pruinose ; s. 4 — 7 cm. hollow, glabrous, lacunose, tawny-orange ;
sp. 9 x 6—7.

var. lutescens, Fr. P. convex, umbil. almost regular, nearly
glabrous ; g. less divided. Connects present sp. with C. infundibuli-
formis.

var. lutescens, Fr. P. convex, umbil. almost even and regular ; g.
less divided.

Differs in more equal stem narrowed upwards.

Connects C. tubaeformis with C. infundibuliformis.

infundibuliformis, Fr. P. 2 — 6 cm. thin; infundib. floccoso-
rugose, smoky yellow then pale; g. thick, dichotomous, greyish
yellow, pruinose ; s. fistulose, even, glabrous, yellow ; sp. 9 — 10 x 6.

cinereus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. thin, infundib. open at base, blackish
grey, villosely-squamulose ; g. thick, distant, grey ; s. 3 — 5 cm. paler
than p.; sp. 7x5. (15—8 Sacc.)

Resembling Craterellus cornucopioides but having distinct gills.

[leucophaeus, Nouel. P. thin, tough, infundib. glabrous,
brownish umber ; g. distant, simple, mixed with dichotomous ones,
white ; s. stuffed, thin, even, colour of p.

108 Cantharellus.

cupulatus, Fr. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. plano-infundib, wavy, hygr. pallid
fuscous or brownish, flocculose when dry ; g. very distant, branched,
grey ; s. 2 — 3 cm. stuffed, polished, colour of p. ; sp. 7 x 5.

Houghtoni, Phil. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, umbil. wavy, whitish ; g.
slightly decur. narrow, tinged pink; s. 3 — 5 cm. equal, whitish,
stuffed ; sp. 7 x 4.

Stevensoni, B. and Br. P. 5 — 8 mm. orbicular, umbil. pallid,
smooth; g. decur. pallid; s. 1 — 1'5 cm. slender, cylindrical, white
then darker, pulverulent ; sp. — .

replexus, Fr. P. 1*5 — 2'5 cm. campan. convex, exp. and inversed,
striate, brown then grey; g. adnato-decur. veined, branched, distant,
white or glaucous ; s. 3 — 5 cm. fistulose, glabrous, thickened upwards ;
sp. — .

Habit of a Mycena but g. thick and fold-like.

var. devexus, Fr. P. cucullate ; s. stuffed; g. simple, grey.

[hygrophanous, C. P. Laest. P. infundib. punctate, hygr. edge
involute, obtuse ; g. decur. branched, edge obtuse ; s. fistulose, tough,
silky-shining.

[coriaceus, Preuss. P. depr. rusty brown, edge rather wavy and
then incurved; g. vein-like, forked, pale yellow; s. stuffed, thick,
pallid.

B. MERISMA. Stems very numerous, united into
an elongated column, or branched.

[fascicularis, Strauss. P. tubiform, split on one side, cochleate,
downily scaly; flesh and connate stems violet.

[ramosus, Schulz. Lurid yellow. P. fleshy, plano-depr. at length
deeply umbil. fibrous ; s. solid, caespitose, divided into branches each
dilating into a pileus at its apex ; g. vein-like, anastomosing.

[polycephalus, Bres. Branched. P. convex then subinfundib.
white, edge lobed; g. decur. white, connected by veins; s. white,
downy, apex branched; sp. 6x 3'5.

[ochraceus, Gill. P. unequally infundib. edge upturned, lobed,
yellowish ochre; g. decur. almost to base of stem, anastomosing,
rosy-white; s. branched, even, spotted ochre.

C. PLEUROPUS. Stem exactly lateral.

[spathulatus, Fr. P. fleshy, spathulate, glabrous, brownish ; g.
dichotomous, crowded, white ; s. thin, glabrous.

muscigenus, Fr. P. 1 — rs cm. spathulate, horizontal, glabrous,
zoned, yellowish brown or fuscous, greyish white when old ; g. thick,
distant, branched, colour of p.; s. short, base downy; sp. 10 — 12
x6— 8.

Differs from C. glaucus in being brown when moist, and from
C. retirugis in having a distinct lateral stem.

Cantharellus — A rrhenia. 109

glaucus, Batsch. Grey. P. 1 cm. ligulate, ascending, silky, not
zoned ; g. fold-like, tumid, distant, forked ; s. short, pruinose ;
sp. 5x3.

D. RESUPINATE. Pileus cup-shaped at first, fixed
by the vertex, then subreflesced.

* Growing on mosses.

[bryophilus, Fr. P. thin, cupulate, white, vertex forming a stem-
like point of attachment, villose ; g. broad, dichot., radiating from
centre.

Gills acute, much resembling an Agaric.

[juranus, Q- and Pat. (= Dictyolus.} P. wavy, 1 — 2 mm. diam.
snow-white, becoming split, thin, downy, springing from cobweb-like
mycelium ; g. fold-like, branched, broad, thin, white then cream; sp.
6-7 long.

Close to C. bryophilus.

retimgus, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. thin, exp. wavy and lobed, greyish-
white, adfixed by fibrils behind ; g. radiating from centre, very thin,
reticulated; sp. 10x8.

lobatus, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. horizontal, lobed, brown then pale ; g.
fold-like, distinct, branched, divergent ; sp. — .

[muscorum, Fr. P. thin, gelatinous, ear-shaped, dingy rufous,
glabrous; g. crisped, folds. divided near the margin of p.; sp. 3 — 4
x2— 3.

* * Growing on wood.

[applicatus, Lev. P. lobed, margin byssoid, tomentose, white;
g. vein-like, radiating from the centre, forked, white.

[odorus, Wetts. Reddish-yellow, strongly -seen ted. P. entire,
solid, fleshy, convex then turbinate or subconcave, often umbil. or
subwavy, glabrous, edge slightly incurved; g. thick, forked, decur.;
8. solid, glabrous; sp. subgl. 3 — 4.

[crucibulum, Fr. P. cup-shaped, downy, white ; g. dichotomous,
broad, dingy yellow, edge obtuse.

[Coemansii, Rab. P. campan. tomentose, whitish, edge incurved ;
g. fold-like, somewhat forked, cinnamon.

AKRHENIA, Fr.

* Stem lateral.

[auriscalpium, Fr. Brown. P. thin, convex, glabrous ; g. vein-
like, few, distant, simple ; s. exactly lateral, straight, downy.
Resembling Hyduum auriscalpium in form, but smaller.

110 Arrhenia—Nyctalis.

* * Pileus sessile.

[tenella, Fr. P. '5 — 1 cm. effuso-reflexed, thin, soft, blackish,
becoming lobed ; g. vein-like, simple, with shorter ones, dark

[cupularis, Fr. P. 2 — 3 mm. resupinate, soft, orbicular, outside
even, downy, grey; g. vein-like, simple, radiating from centre.

Resembles young condition of Pleurotus applicatus.

[flmicola, Bagl. P. resupinate, thin, concavo-patellate, flesh-
colour, with a byssoid border ; veins very slight, distant.

NYCTALIS, Fr.

A. SPELEAE. Gills crowded, more or less coalescent.
Very doubtful, probably morbid forms of Agarics.

[verpoides, Fr. P. campan. obtuse, glabrous, brown; g. very
thick, coalescent ; s. equal, rigid, striate, glabrous.

[cryptarum, Seer. Foetid. P. conico-deformed, brown ; g.
adnexed, undulate, subcoalescent, flocculose, fleshy-grey; s. unequal,
flexuose, hoary-fibrillose.

[canaliculata, Pers. P. pallid white, oblique, subumbil. almost
glabrous ; g. crowded, distinct, almost simple, edge slightly canalicu-
late ; s. solid, subundulate, naked.

caliginosa, W. G. Sin. P. subumb. edge incurved, greyish, white
and silky when dry, 1 cm.; g. subdecur. thick, narrow, branched,
grey; s. 3—5 cm. often inflated, whitish, silky, hollow, rusty inside;
sp. 5x3.

B. PARASITAE. Gills distinct from each other,
distant. Growing on decaying fungi.

[nauseosa, Weinm. Smell nauseous. P. fleshy, globose then
hemisph. ochraceous, pulverulent, edge involute; g. distant, forked,
pallid; s. fistulose, thick, obliquely sulcate and twisted, pallid.

Larger than N. asterophora.

asterophora, Fr. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. conical then hemispher. fawn,
mealy with large stellate cpnidia ; g. adnate, distant, rather forked,
dingy ; s. 1 — 1'5 cm. whitish pruinose then brownish, twisted ;
sp. 3x2.

parasitica, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. conical then exp. irreg. with grey
meal formed of large, elliptical, smooth conidia; g. adnate, thick,
distant, then forked and anastomosing, dusky; s. 2 — 6 cm. whitish,
floccosely downy ; sp. 5 x 3'5.

[microphylla, Corda. P. hemispher. soft, glabrous, naked, white ;
g. adnate, entire, dingy white ; s. glabrous, bluish.

[vopiscus, Fr. P. cup-shaped, reflexed then recurved, pallid ; g.
thick, radiating from centre ; s. short, excentric, curved, flocculose,
pallid.

Lentinus. Ill

LENTINUS, Fr.
A. MESOPODES. Pileus subentire ; stem distinct.

tigrinus, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. orbicular, umbil. whitish, with blackish
innate scales ; g. very narrow, tinged yellow ; s. 3 — 5 cm. slender,
squamulose ; sp. 7 x 3'5.

Dunalii, Fr. P. umbil. deformed, pallid with spot-like adpressed
scales which disappear; g. crowded, pallid; s. 1'5 — 2 cm. rather
silky; sp. — .

lepideus, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. tough, depr. irreg. pale ochre breaking
up into darker spot-like scales ; g. sinuato-decur. broad, whitish ; s.
2 — 3 cm. stout, rooting, tomentosely squamulose; sp. 7x3. (10 — 14
x 6 Sacc.)

var. contiguus, Fr. P. thinner, plano-depr. and with the slender
stem, even.

[gallicus, Q. P. ivory colour with tawny lilac flecks, then areo-
late ; s. pubescent, white, apex sulcate, then torn into scales, flesh
coloured ; g. white, decur. in lines ; sp. 10 — 12 long.

[sitaneus, Fr. P. elastic, convex, unequal, grey, fibrillosely scaly ;
g. deeply decur. base anastomosing ; s. firm, curved, fibrillose.

[degener, Kalchb. P. hemispher. exp. ochre with tawny scales ;
g. very narrow, anastomosing ; s. stout, scaly, base blackish.

[contortus, Fr. P. orbicular, umbil. tawny rufescent with darker
scales ; g. crowded, subdecur. ; s. twisted, subsulcate, squamulose.

[Queletii, Schulz. P. at first regular, edge incurved, umber,
then depr. edge wavy and split, and becoming pale or almost white,
scaly ; g. pale ochre, edge torn ; s. branched, excentric, colour of p.
squamulose ; sp. 7 — 8 x 3.

* * Pileus villose or pulverulent.

leontopodius, Schulz. P. 7 — 16 cm. tough, irreg. slightly tomen-
tose, disc depr. tan, edge bent down, lobed ; g. decur. connected by
veins, sides rugose ; s. 6 — 9 cm. stout, woody, pulverulent, tan, base
blackish; sp. 12 — 15 long.

[domesticus, Karst. Very large. P. tough, edge thin, subin-
fundib. oblique, irregular, cuticle broken up into darker adpressed
revolute scales, rusty; g. deeply decur. toothed, narrowed at both
ends, very broad, pale tawny rusty then reddish ; s. excentric, solid,
rusty, squamulose ; sp. 3 — 5 x 2 — 3.

[hornotinus, Fr. P. deformed, pulverulent, grey; g. crowded,
white ; s. caespitosely branched, unequal, rather woody.

[pulverulentus, Scop. P. tough, convex, yellow, white-pulveru-
lent ; g. toothed, white ; s. stout, equal, rigid, with white powder.

112 Lentimis.

[lusitanicus, Kalchb. P. oblique, not compact, depr. sublobed,
tomentose, becoming naked, tan ; g. decur. crowded, anastomosing,
white ; s. short, excentric or lateral, solid, even, glabrous, colour of
p.; sp. — .

resinaceus, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. tough, excentric, cinnamon-ochre,
villose, matted with resin ; g. crowded, shining white ; s. 2 cm. partly
hollow, downy ; sp. — .

adhaerens, A. and S. P. 2 — 3 cm. tough, irreg. lacunose, rather
pulverulent ; g. decur. in lines, very thin, torn, white ; s. colour of p.
glutinous, rooting ; sp. — .

P. and s. appear as if lacquered from the dried gluten.

*** Pileus glabrous.

[suffrutescens, Fr. P. tough, convex then infundib. glabrous,
somewhat rusty ; g. crenato-torn, yellowish ; s. elongated, somewhat
branched, woody.

[auricolor, Brig. Subcaespitose, golden yellow, oblique; g.
decur. ; s. fibroso-woody, subexcentric, distorted.

[anisatus. P. tough, subflabelliform or obliquely subinfundib.
somewhat lobed, whitish ; g. decur. tinged yellow, edge entire ; s.
lateral or excentric, short, pallid ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3'5.

[jugis, Fr. White. P. irreg. lobed, glabrous, rather viscid; g.
dentate ; s. short, irreg. scaly.

[umbellatus, Fr. P. tough, umbil. pervious, glabrous, yellowish
grey ; g. very narrow, white ; s. branched, sulcate.

cpchleatus, Fr. P. 2—5 cm. tough, flaccid, irreg. depr. or in-
fundib. reddish cinnamon ; g. crowded, serrate, pinkish white ; s.
solid, length variable, several frequently more or less grown together,
sulcate, glabrous ; sp. - .

Edible. Smell sometimes spicy, at others almost none.

[friabilis, Fr. Caespitose, fleshy-fibrous, fragile, becoming pale,
p. thin, subdimidiate, umbilicate, pervious into partly hollow con-
torted s. ; g. crowded, narrow.

[pmphalodes, Fr. Solitary. P. thin, tough, at first deeply
umbil. livid straw-colour then pale, limb convex then exp. and
wavy ; g. decur. arcuate, pallid ; s. central, thin, tough, glabrous,
scrobiculate.

[bisus, Q. P. tough, convex, exp. deeply umbil. irreg. excentric,
edge lobed, livid grey, umbil. fuscous ; g. sinuato-decur. greyish
white, edge toothed ; s. brown, longitudinally sulcate, twisted, ex-
centric ; sp. glob. 4 — 5.

[badius, Bres. P. thin, tough, regular, excentric, or subdimidiate,
with longitudinal cristate veins, bay then pale ; g. very distant, edge
deeply and irreg. crenate ; s. short, greyish-lilac ; sp. 5 — 6 x 4 — 4 '5.

[Bresadolae, Schulz. ( = L. divisus, Schulz.) P. soon irreg.
infundib. wavy and sinuate, glabrous, even, pale smoky fuscous ; g.

Lentinus. 113

distant, spuriously decur. ; s. very tough, obconic, subrooting, tinged
reddish ; sp. 8 — 10 long.

[hispidosus, Fr. Caespitose. P. thin, subdimidiate, lobed, in-
fundib. hispidly scaly, rusty, edge torn, proliferous ; g. serrulate ; s.
many, growing out of each other.

B. PLEUROTL Dimidiate, sessile or with a sublateral
stem.

scoticus, B. and Br. P. 2—5 cm. thin, umbil. or infundib. smooth,
pallid or brownish, hygr.; g. decur. when stem is present, pallid,
strongly toothed ; s. excentric or lateral, variable, darker than p.
springing from a branched brown mycelium ; sp. 5 — 6 x 4.

fimbriatus, Currey. P. 1 — 2 cm. thin, depr. behind, pale fawn
with darker scales, margin hairy ; g. narrow, tinged brown ; s. '5 cm.
thin, whitish ; sp. - .

[ursinus, Fr. P. sessile, imbricated, ear-shaped, ascending, even,
rufous brown, brownish tomentose behind with age, edge entire,
glabrous ; g. broad, torn, whitish.

[castoreus, Fr. P. subsessile, imbricate, pilei tongue-shaped,
glabrous, subrugose, rufous then tan, edge involute, entire; g. closely
crowded, rufescent.

vulpinus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. tough, shell-shaped, imbricate, con-
nate behind, longitudinally corrugated with ribs, floccoso-scrupose,
tan, edge incurved, entire ; g. broad, torn, white ; sp. glob. 2.

[auricula, Fr. White, caespitosely imbricated, p. dimidiate,
sessile, ascending, glabrous, at length revolute ; g. linear, densely
crenulate ; sp. glob. 3.

Habit of Pleur. porrigens.

[suavissimis, Fr. Smell very pleasant. Subsessile, white, thin,
peltate, even, glabrous; g. dentate, decurrent from base, anasto-
mosing.

flabelliformis, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. subsessile, thin, tough, reniform,
glabrous, fawn-colour, edge crenato-fimbriate ; g. broad, torn,
pallid.

[tomentellus, Karst. Subsessile, imbricately tufted, coriaceous,
p. horizontal, tongue-shaped or obovoid, tomentose, whitish then
tinged rufescent, yellowish when dry, edge wavy, incurved ; g. much
crowded, narrow, whitish, tinged red when dry, edge toothed.

[hygrophanus, Harz. P. conchate, woolly, digitately lobed,
white then yellowish ochre, glabrous, hygr. fragile, fixed by a narrow
lateral point ; g. densely and acutely dentato-serrate ; sp. glob.
3—3-5.

M. P.

114 Panus.

PANUS, Fr.

* Pileus irregular; stem excentric.

[farneus, Fr. P. compact, hard, irreg. circinate, nearly plane,
unequal, dingy yellow ; g. aduate, crowded ; s. short, glabrous, sulcate,
pinkish.

[cyathiformis, Schaeff. P. obliquely cup-shaped, wavy, squamu-
lose, brick-red then pale ; g. crowded, pallid then yellowish ; s. very
short, even, firm, excentric.

[fulvidus, Bres. P. tough, thin, convex or subcampan. exp.
gibbous or umb. tawny then pale, with brown squamules, edge fibril-
loso-sulcate ; g. almost free, white ; s. solid, white, narrowed to a
rooting base, apex sulcate ; sp. 12 — 18 x 6 — 9.

[urnula, Fr. Subsessile, imbricated. P. subexcentric, urniform,
even, glabrous, fuscous, pale when dry, edge lobed ; g. attenuato-
decur. grey.

[vaporarius, Bagl. Caespitose imbricate. P. subcoriaceous, base
narrowed, erect, spathulate then utriculiform, undulately lobed,
pruinose, dingy white then livid violet ; g. decur. very narrow, tinged
rose.

conchatus, Fr. P. tough, thin, unequal, excentric, dimidiate,
cinnamon then pale, becoming squamulose, 3 — 9 cm.; g. decur. in lines,
somewhat branched, pinkish then ochre; s. 1 — 2 cm. unequal, base
pubescent ; sp. - .

Rigid and the gills crisped or wavy when dry.

torulosus, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. plano-infundib. even, flesh colour
then ochre ; g. decur. rather distant, reddish then tan ; s. 1 — 2 cm.
stout, oblique, greyish-tomentose ; sp. - .

rudis, Fr. Caespitose. P. 4 — 6 cm. tough, depressed, sinuate,
reddish-tan, bristling with tufts of hairs ; g. decur. narrow, crowded,
pale buff ; s. very short or obsolete, hirsute ; sp. - .

[Lamyanus, Mont. P. orbicular, edge incurved, and, with the
central stem, tawny umber and fasciculately hirsute ; g. narrow, thick,
forked, decur.

[granulatus, Berk, and Mont. Entirely rusty-saffron ; p. semi-
orbicular; s. short, excentric, granular; g. sparingly connected by
veins.

[Schurii, Schulz. P. coriaceous, flattened, centre concave, wavy,
obconic, even, glabrous, whitish ; g. decur. narrow, pallid ; s. central,
fibrillose, short or almost absent.

[inverse-conicus, Lerchenf. and Schulz. P. flattened, broadly
umbil. whitish, edge incurved, inversely conical ; g. decur. both ends
acute ; s. central, cylindrical, white then brown.

Panus. 116

* * Stem definitely lateral.

[foetens, Fr. Foetid. P. spongy, spathulate, convex then depr.
yellowish white, rather silky, base continued into a long stem chan-
nelled above ; g. decur. firm, crowded, reddish-yellow.

[cochlearis, Pers. Caespitose, tawny. P. oval, convex, spathulate,
hirsute, edge involute, entire ; s. lateral ; g. decur.

Stipticus, Fr. Taste hot and pungent. P. thin, flexible, reniform,
cinnamon then pale, broken up into scurfy squamules ; g. determinate,
thin, reticulately joined, cinnamon ; s. lateral, very short, dilated into
the p. ; sp. 3 x 2.

[flabellulum, A. and S. P. dimidiate, flabellate, subsquamulose,
produced into a short stem- like base, white then fawn; g. decur.
crowded ; sp. 2'5 — 3'5.

[tenuis, Wetts. P. thin, reniform or suborbicular, convex then
exp. ochre or subfuscous, glabrous, somewhat shining ; g. numerous,
very thin, colour of p. ; s. lateral, oblique; sp. 2'5 x T5.

farinaceus, Schum. P. T5 — 2 cm. flexuous, dusky cinnamon,
broken up into greyish-white scurf which falls away ; g. free, distinct,
pale ; s. lateral, short ; sp. - .

var. albido-tomentosus, Cke. and Mass. P. with short, whitish
velvety down, semicircular ; g. honey colour ; sp. subgl. 5.

[Schultzii, Kalchb. P. spathulato-flabelliform, rigid, coriaceous,
concentrically sulcate, radiately rugose, dingy brick-red ; g. crowded,
paler than p., edge brownish ; s. expanding into pileus, apex virgate ;
sp. 3x1.

Allied to P. stypticus.

* * * Pileus resupinate, sessile or produced to a point
of attachment behind.

[violaceofulvus, Q. P. resupinate, thin, hygr. cup-shaped then
exp. and reflexed, pulverulent, violet-umber ; g. pale violet.

[ringens, Fr. P. resupinate, thin, flaccid, orbicular then partly
closed over and gaping, reddish-brown, edge striate ; g. simple, flesh-
colour.

patellaris, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. resupinate, plano-depr. orbicular,
pallid scurfy or downy, edge involute ; g. ochraceous ; sp. 4 x 3. **•*#••

Stevensonii, B. and Br. P. spathulate, olive yellow ; s. dilated
above convex, golden, slightly hispid; g. narrow, entire; flesh
greenish-yellow.

[pudens, Q. P. cup-shaped then pendulous, with white pubescence,
edge becoming rosy ; g. tinted lilac.

[Delastri, Mont. Resupinate, coriaceous, urceolato-turbinate,
vertex protruding as a tomentose stem, edge incurved ; g. brownish
purple, edge white-pruinose.

[lithophilus, Fr. P. resupinate, flattened, sessile, adnate, downy,
edge free ; g. radiating from a point, amethyst.

8—2

116 Xerotus — Lenzites.

XEROTUS, Fr.

degener, Fr. P. 1'5 — 2'5 cm. thin, plano-infundib. edge entire,
greyish bay, slightly zoned when moist ; g. distant, decur. simple or
dichot. greyish ; s. 1 — 2 cm. brown with white down.

A very uncertain sp. probably some Clitocybe. Quelet says it is
an old condition of Cantharellus carbonarius.

[romanus, Fr. P. glabrous, thin, exp. umbil. even, brownish, edge
lobed ; g. thick, crisped, rufescent ; s. rigid, fistulose, black.

LENZITES, Fr.

* Growing on

[ albida, Fr. P. corky, soft, plane, zoneless, whitish, tornentose ;
g. thin, dichot. anastomosing, entire, whitish. Effuso-reflexed.

betulina, Fr. P. 6 — 10 cm. firm, long, 2 — 5 cm. broad, broadly
attached, flesh 4 — 6 mm. thick, pallid or tinged brown, rather zoned,
tomentose ; g. thin, forked, whitish ; sp. 4 x 2.

iiaccida, Fr. P. 3 — 6 cm. flaccid, more or less flabelliform, thin,
strigose, zoned, pallid ; g. broad, crowded, unequally branched,
whitish ; sp. 7 x 5.

[variegata, Fr. P. rigid, plane, velvety, zoned with different
colour, edge whitish ; g. broad, thickish, anastomosing, white, edge
torn.

Habit and colour of Poly, versicolor.

[trabea, Fr. P. coriaceous, flattened, rugulose, almost glabrous,
brownish ; g. straight, simple and forked, freely anastomosing, entire,
reddish.

Habit of Dedaelea quercina but thinner.

[cinnamomea, Fr. P. coriaceous, flattened, firm, downy, con-
centrically sulcate, inside and out cinnamon ; g. rather distant,
straight, unequal, almost simple, narrow, entire, colour of p.

var. crocata, Sacc. P. strigosely velvety, sulcate, brown ; g.
yellow, edge unequal, paler, trama bright saffron.

[tricolor, Fr. P. corky, plane, base gibbous, scabrid, zoned and
radiately rugulose, yellow then dingy ; g. thin, distant, forked, anas-
tomosing behind, citrin then umber.

* * Growing on Gymnosperms.

sepiaria, Fr. P. 3 — 9 cm. long, hard, zoned, bay, strigose, rough ;
g. branched, anastomosing, yellowish ; sp. 5 x 4.

abietina, Fr. P. 3 — 12 cm. effuso-reflexed, umber-tomentose
then nearly glabrous, hoary ; g. decur. simple, unequal, with white
meal ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

Lenzites — Trogia. 117

[pinastri, Kalchb. P. coriaceous, rigid, convex, tomentose, obso-
letely zoned, disc hoary, edge with broad rusty band; g. densely
anastomosing, pallid.

[Queletii, Schulz. P. generally reniform, corky, pale ochre be-
coming deep yellow when wet, closely zoned ; g. thick, anastomosing
and forming pores behind, whitish, edge tan ; sp. 13 — 18 x 6 — 8.

var. popwina, Schulz. P. narrowed into stem-like base, tomen-
tose, greyish or ochre ; g. sometimes greyish, edge subserrulate.

var. crassior, Schulz. P. blackish grey and scabrid behind, rest
hispid-tomentose ; sp. 4 x 1.

jBresadolae, Schulz. ( = L. tricolor, Kalch. not of Fr.). P. semi-
orbicular, broadly adnate, gibbous, subtomentose, multizoned, inter-
ruptedly radially wrinkled, umber then tawny ; edge of g. colour of
p., sides paler ; flesh fuscous.

Eeichardtii, Schulz. Subimbricated. P. semiorbicular, adnate,
base brownish, ochre or whitish towards edge, grey when old, im-
perfectly zoned ; g. tan, at first white mealy, some forked.

[heteromorpha, Fr. Coriaceous, thin, effuso-reflexed, gibbous,
fibroso-rugose, pallid, margin incised into broad plates, crowded,
somewhat branched, white, excurrent.

var. resupinata, Fr. Resupinate, porose.

[labyrinthica, Q. and Schulz. P. irregularly rounded, edge
sinuate, produced behind into a short stem-like base, greyish white,
base darker, not zoned but with scattered warts ; lamellate in front
underneath, behind white, glabrous and sterile ; g. tan, anastomosing
and forming labyrinthiform pores ; sp. 6 — 8 x 3 — 4.

[faventina, Caldesi. P. dimidiate, sessile, corky, tuberculato-
scrobiculate, whitish then grey; g. radiating, irreg. porose behind,
tinged yellow, edge acute, darker.

[mollis, Heufler. P. broadly exp. incurved, soft, edge brown with
darker zones, centre grey ; g. strongly anastomosing, greyish or wood-
colour.

[septentrionalis, Karst. P. sessile, dimidiate, gibbous behind,
floccose, radiately rugulose, pallid brownish with darker zones,
almost glabrous, edge thin, blackish ; g. simple, crowded, very broad,
fuscous.

[sorbina, Karst. P. corky, effuso-reflexed, imbricate, almost
glabrous, usually even, not zoned, thin, pallid, edge obtuse ; g. anas-
tomosing, dingy white, thickish.

TROGIA, Fr.

crispa, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. shallowly cup-shaped, reflexed, lebed,
downy, yellowish brown, edge whitish ; g. fold-like, dichotomous,
crisped, greyish-white ; sp. subgl. 5 — 6.

In the only European sp. the edge of gills not channelled.

1 18 Schizophyllum — Chlorosporae — Rhodosporae.

SCHIZOPHYLLUM, Fr.

commune, Fr. P. thin, more or less fan-shaped or reniform,
often much lobed, narrowed behind to a point of attachment, whitish,
downy then strigose ; g. radiating, narrow, brownish, edge split ; sp.
subgl. 5 — 6.

var. multifidum, Mass. ( = S. multifidum, Fr.) P. deeply incised,
segments narrow.

CHLOROSPORAE.

Chlorospora. Gills free ; veil appendiculate ; volva and ring
absent.

[Chlorophyllum, Gills free ; veil forming a persistent ring on
the stem, volva absent. Not European.]

CHLOROSPORA.

Eyrei, Mass. ( = Schulzeria Eyrei, Mass.) P. 2—4 cm. campan.
then exp. and umb. even, glabrous, pale tan, edge appendiculate ; g.
free, clear pale green then deep bluish-green ; s. 4 — 5 cm. equal,
slightly wavy, pallid ; sp. green, 4 — 5 x 3.

The only, known European representative of the Chlorosporae.

RHODOSPORAE.

A. Gills free.

Volvaria. Volva present ; ring absent.

Annularia. Volva absent ; ring present, often falling away.

Pluteus. Volva and ring both absent.

B. Gills adnexed, rarely adnate.

Entoloma. Gills sinuate behind ; edge of pileus incurved when
young ; stem fibrous or fleshy.

Nolanea. Stem cartilaginous ; pileus campanulate, edge straight
and adpressed to stem when young.

Leptonia. Stem cartilaginous; pileus convexo-plane, edge in-
curved at first ; gills soon separating from stem. ,

C. Gills decurrent.

Clitopilus. Stem central, fibrous ; edge of p. incurved at first.
Eccilia. Stem central, cartilaginous ; pileus umbilicate.
Claudopus. Stem excentric, minute, or absent. Species minute,
membranaceous.

Volvaria. 119

VOLVARIA, Fr.

* Pileus dry, silky, or fibrillose.

bombycina, Schaeff. P. 9 — 18 cm. campan. then exp. and
subumb. white, silky-fibrillose ; g. flesh-colour; s. 7 — 14 cm. solid,
attenuated, glabrous, white, volva ample ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

[regia, Fr, P. convex then exp. white or with a reddish tinge,
glabrous, dry ; g. crowded ; s. white or tinged yellow, solid, glabrous ;
ring persistent ; volva white, large.

volvacea, Bull. P. 5 — 7 cm. campan. then exp. obtuse, grey or
greyish- yellow, virgate with adpressed black fibrils ; g. flesh-colour ;
s. 5 — 9 cm. solid, subequal, white, volva large ; sp. 6 — 8 x 3'5 — 4.

[arenaria, Otth. P. campan. exp. urnb. silky fibrillose, whitish
brown, disc darker, dry ; g. crowded, near to stem, subventricose ; s.
rather shining, whitish, base thickened; volva mostly adherent,
laciniate, brownish.

Loveiana, Berk. P. 5 — 7 cm. convex, obtuse, white, silky ; g.
pinkish-salmon ; s. bulbous, narrowed upwards, solid, white, volva
irreg. lobed ; sp. 4 — 5 x 3.

Parasitic on Clitocybe nebularis.

Taylori, Berk. P. 3 — 5 cm. conical then obtuse, livid, edge paler,
striately cracked ; g. narrowest behind ; s. 4 — 5 cm. equal, solid,
whitish ; volva lobed, brownish ; sp. 5 x 3'5 — 4.

Differs from V. volvacea by gills being narrowed behind, and
small brown volva.

[grisea, Q. P. flexuous, silky-villose ; g. crisped, hoary ; s. short,
tomentose ; volva trilobed ; sp. 8 — 9.

[murinella, Q. P. campan. villose, grey ; g. remote, ventricose ;
s. slightly striate, white ; volva 3—4 lobed, white ; sp. 6 — 8 x 3—4.

[hypopi.tn.ys, Fr. Small. Shining white. P. conical then campan.
dry, silky; g. white then flesh-colour; s. solid, equal, pubescent,
adpressedly silky; volva bilobed ; sp. 6 — 8 x 4.

* * Pileus more or less viscid and {one species
excepted) glabrous.

[rhodomela, Lasch. P. campan. then exp. somewhat sooty,
squamulose, viscid ; g. reddish ; s. solid, attenuated, delicately
floccoso-downy then almost glabrous ; volva small, floccose.

speciosa, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. P. soft, campan. then exp. obtuse,
glabrous, viscid edge even, white or disc greyish ; g. flesh-colour ; s.
10 — 18 cm. subbulbous, solid, attenuated, villose, white; volva lax,
villose; sp. 14—16x8.

[theiodes, Saut. P. campan. then exp. citrin, mealy, with deci-
duous squamules, broadly umb. edge sulcate ; g. free, broad ; s.
hollow, fuscous.

120 Volvaria — Annularia — Pluteus.

gloiocephala, D. C. P. 7 — 11 cm. campan. then exp. umb.
glutinous, sooty, edge striate ; g. reddish; s. 8 — 14 cm. solid, gla-
brous, whitish, tinged brown below ; volva adnate except a small free
margin ; sp. 10—12 x 6—7.

viperina, Fr. P. persistently conical, acute, grey ; g. tinged
yellow then flesh-colour ; s. solid, equal, closely sheathed by the thin
volva.

media, Schum. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. obtuse, viscid, silky when dry,
white or disc tinged brown ; g. rosy ; s. 4 — 7 cm. solid, equal,
glabrous, white ; volva lobed ; sp. 5 x 3'5.

Intermediate in size between V, speciosa and V. parvula ; differs
from former in glabrous s. and volva, and from latter in solid stem.

parvula, Fr. White. P. 1 -5 — 2-5 cm. campan. then plane, umb.
disc often tinged brown; g. flesh-colour; s. 2 — 3 cm. equal, subfistu-
lose, silky ; volva lax, usually 3 — 4 lobed ; sp. 5 x 3'5.

var. Uloba, Cke. S. stuffed, pubescent ; volva bilobed.

temperata, Berk. P. 1 — 1'fi cm. convex then exp. and umb.,
disc tinged tawny, rest whitish, striate ; g. pale salmon ; s. 1 '5 — 2'5 cm.
whitish, volva rather large, lobed ; sp. 4 x 2'5.

ANNULARIA, Schulz.

laevis, Krombh. P. 4—6 crn. convex subumb. whitish ; g. free,
narrowed behind, becoming pale flesh-colour ; s. 4 — 6 cm. base swollen,
white, ring large, free ; sp. subgl. 7—8.

[Fenzfii, Schulz. P. ovate then exp. sulphur then egg-yellow;
g. ventricose, rosy; s. soon hollow, subattenuated, sulphur below the
median ring.

[alutacea, Pers. P. campan. obtusely umb. glabrous, tan; g.
crowded ; s. glabrous, ring lax.

[xanthogramma, Ces. P. convex, umb. squjmulosely punctate
from the umbo, milk-white with densely crowded yellow striae ; g.
very broad, crowded ; s. stuffed, thin, obsoletely annulate below
middle.

transilvanica, Schulz. P. campan. striate to vertex, whitish,
apex darker, edge lobed ; g. crowded, unequal ; s. hollow, paler than
p., flocculose, ring complete, membranous.

PLUTEUS, Fr.

* Cuticle of pileus fibrillose or floccose.

cervinus, Schaeff. P. 4 — 9 cm. campan. exp. even, glabrous, then
broken up into fibrillose squamules which fall away, smoky with a
yellowish or fawn-coloured tinge; g. white then flesh-colour; s.

Pluteus. 121

5 — 9 cm. solid, whitish with black fibrils ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5 — 6 ; cystidia
ventricose.

var. rigens, Pers. P. grey, blackish, virgate or squaraulose; s.
glabrous, somewhat shining.

var. patricius, Schulz. P. whitish then grey with umber or tan
scales, then almost glabrous, silky shining, and radiately cracked ; s.
even, white.

var. eximius, Saund. and Sm. Large and showy. P. even, with
a separable viscid pellicle, reddish-umber, vermilion near edge when
young ; s. fibrillose, at length blackish.

var. petasatus, Fr. P. umb. glabrous, greyish white, with a
separable pellicle, at length striate to middle; s. fibrillosely striate, at
length tawny.

var. Bullii, Berk. P. convex, smooth, even, pallid, disc darker ;
s. pale brown.

[sororiata, Karst. P. campan. exp. floccosely scaly, yellow; g.
flesh-colour ; s. pallid then yellowish ; sp. 7 — 8 x 6.

[montellicus, Sacc. P. flesh spongy, dry, exp. yellowish, almost
glabrous; g. olive-grey; s. fibrous, rufescent, incurved; sp. 10x8.

umbrosus, Pers. P. 3 — 5 cm. campan. then exp. lacunose-rugose,
at first downy, umber, edge ciliato-fimbriate ; g. edge smoky-fimbriate;
s. 4 — 7 cm. solid, squamulosely downy, pale ; sp. 6 — 7 x5 ; cystidia
ventricose.

Differs from P. cervinus in downy p. and dark-edged gills.

ephebius, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. obtuse, covered with bluish
down, edge naked; g. yellowish flesh-colour; s. 4 — 7 cm. stuffed,
glabrous, slightly striate, whitish or tinged grey ; sp. 7 x 4.

Differs from P. cervinus in minutely downy p. which is sometimes
brownish-violet.

var. drepanophyllus, Schulz. P. umber ; s. at length hollow.

[granulatus, Bres. ( =plautus, Q., not of Fr.) P. campan. then
exp. hygr. edge striate, rufescent, densely covered with minute
granules of same colour ; g. free, edge fimbriate ; s. hyaline-white,
often compressed, grooved, rather scurfy, somewhat rooting ; sp.
6—8.

violarius, Mass. P. 1'5 — 2 '5 cm. hemisph. then nearly plane,
minutely velvety, watery, dark purple, flesh grey ; g. flesh-colour,
edge serrulate ; s. 2 — 3 cm. hollow, whitish upwards, base pale brown
with black fibrils ; sp. subgl. 5 — 6.

salicinus. Pers. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. subumb. bluish-grey, disc
darker and floccosely rugose ; g. rosy ; s. 2 — 3 cm. stuffed, fibrillose,
bluish- white ; sp. — .

var. beryllus, Pers. P. greenish.

var. jftoccosus, Karst. P. floccosely scaly.

hispidulus, Fr. P. 1 — 1*5 cm. convexo-plane, pilose or silky,
grey, edge at length slightly striate ; g. flesh-colour ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
fistulose, even, glabrous, silvery-white ; sp. — .

[curtus, Karst. P. convexo-exp. obtuse, longitudinally fibrillose

122 Pluteus.

or cracked, with short, stout, erect, muricately squarrose scales at
disc, pallid then fuscescent ; g. adnexed, broad, ventricose ; s. rigid,
short, equal, wavy, floccosely squainulose, fuscescent, apex naked ; sp.
rough, 5 x 3 — 4.

Resembling Inocybe lacera but smaller and shorter.

pellitus, Fr. White. P. 2—4 cm. convexo-plane, even, dry,
silky ; g. flesh-colour ; s. 3 — 4 cm. stuffed, glabrous, even, shining ;
sp. - .

var. punctillifer, Q. P. exp. whitish, centre tinged fuscous, and
with minute umber squamules ; s. whitish, squamulose below ; sp.
3—4.

var. gradlis, Bres. P. white, becoming very faintly tinged umber
at disc ; s. cylindrical, glabrous ; sp. 5 — 6 long.

[Robert!, Fr. P. convex then plane, obtuse, slightly hairy, not
sulcate, white tinged fuscous ; g. very broad, shining white ; s. apex
hollow, solid below and slightly thickened.

Fries considers this sp. as near to P. semibulbosus notwith-
standing the white gills.

* * Pileus atomately pruinose, subpulverulent.

[plautus, Weinm. P. campan. exp. even, glabrous, tan when
moist, smoky hoary; g. flesh-colour; s. fistulose, soft like velvet,
blackish brown.

var. terrestris, Bres. P. exp. edge wavy, dry, pruinosely velvety,
sooty black, rugulose ; g. edge subfimbriate ; s. velvety, blackish ; sp.
6x5.

[cinereus, Q. Scurfy-flocculose, grey. P. with raised veins
forming pits ; s. springing from a white byssoid mycelium ; sp. glob.
6—8.

nanus, Pers. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. obtuse, rugulose, smoky, sprinkled
with floccose bloom ; g. flesh-colour ; 3 — 4 cm. solid, rigid, striate,
white ; sp. subgl. echin. 5 — 6.

var. lutescens, Fr. Stem and g. or first only, yellowish.

var. major, Cke. Larger. P. even, greyish.

All the forms differ from P. cervinus and its vars. in having
subgl obose spores.

[exiguus, Pat. P. exp. reddish brown, bristling with minute
squamules ; g. distant from stem, ventricose ; s. white, pruinose,
thickened at base, solid ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3.

Near P. nanus^ but smaller and p. squamulose.

melanodon, Seer. P. convexo-plane, umb. pulverulent, edge
slightly striate, dull yellow ; g. pale flesh-colour, edge with minute
black teeth ; s. fistulose, slender, firm, glabrous, shining.

spilopus, B. and Br. (^spodopileus, Sacc.) P. 2 — 3 cm. exp.
subumb. radiately rugulose, brownish or dark fawn ; g. pale salmon ;

Pluteus. 123

s. 3 — 4 cm. equal, whitish or tinged fawn, with scattered black points,
solid ; sp. subgl. 7 — 8.

semibulbosus, Lasch. White. P. 1 — 2 cm. hemispher. obtuse,
atomately mealy, sulcate ; g. pale flesh-colour ; s. 1'5— 2cm. pubescent,
base swollen ; sp. - .

[candidus, Pat. Small. P. convex, even, white, silky; g. rosy;
s. white, downy, base thickened.

* * * Pileus naked, glabrous.

roseoalbus, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. even, glabrous, rosy, edge
naked ; g. rather distant, flesh-colour ; s. 4 — 6 cm. solid, attenuated,
whitish or tinged red, with white meal ; sp. rough, subgl. 5 — 6.

leoninus, Schaeff. P. 3 — 5 cm. thin, campan. then exp. glabrous,
naked, yellow, or tinged tawny ; g. yellowish flesh-colour ; s. 4 — 7 cm.
solid, glabrous, striate, whitish ; sp. - .

var. coccineus, Cke. P. crimson-orange or vermilion.

[luteomarginatus, Roll. P. obtuse, umb. campan. deformed
then exp. yellow, but at same time covered with sooty down, striato-
virgate ; g. crowded, rosy, edge golden-yellow ; s. silky, yellow with
rosy h'brils ; sp. 7'5 x 6.

chrysophaeus, Schaeff. P. 3 — 4 cm. campan. exp. naked, gla-
brous, virgate, cinnamon, edge striate ; g. white then flesh-colour ;
s. imperfectly hollow, glabrous, whitish or yellowish ; sp. — .

phlebopnorus, Ditm. P. 3 — 5 cm. convex then exp. rugosely
veined, umber, edge even, naked ; g. white then flesih-colour ; s.
3 — 4 cm. subincurved, glabrous, shining, whitish ; sp. - .

var. marginatus, Q. P. rugose, granulate, clear brown ; g. with
sooty crenulate edge ; s. pellucid, white ; sp. glob. 8.

[Godeyi, Gill. P. campan. then exp. umb. very glabrous, rugulose,
striate, livid grey sometimes tinged green, rather viscid ; g. broad,
joined by veins ; s. white or tinged grey.

[aurantio-rugosus, Trog. P. campan. then conico-exp. areolately
wrinkled, reddish yellow, disc almost vermilion ; g. crowded, serru-
late, broad ; s. yellowish, thickened below and tinged red, brown-
fibrillose ; sp. globose.

[cyanopus, Q. P. rugosely granular, pruinose, umber-bay ; g.
remote from s., white then glaucous; s. silky, blue, base cottony,
white ; sp. 6 diam.

umbrinellus, Sornmerf. P. convex, exp. even, edge fimbriate ; g.
white then flesh-colour ; s. fistulose, rooting, tough, glabrous, shining.

[tenuiculus, Q. P. rather small, subglobose, striate, umber ; g.
semiorbicular ; s. slender, pruinose, white; sp. glob. 10.

124 Entoloma.

ENTOLOMA, Fr.

I. GENUINI. Pileus glabrous, moist or viscid.

sinuatum, Fr. P. 8—14 cm. compact, exp. and depr. wavy,
even, yellowish white; g. very broad, crowded; s. 7 — 12cm. solid,
fibrillose, white ; sp. rough, 8 — 9. Poisonous.

lividum, Bull. P. 7 — 10 cm. exp. dry, even, longitudinally fibril-
lose, livid tan ; g. broad ; s. 5 — 7 cm. white, glabrous, apex pruinose ;
sp. subgl. rough, 8 — 10.

var. roseus, Cke. P. whitish ochre, disc rosy.

prunuloides, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. campan. then exp. and umb.
glabrous, rather viscid, yellowish or livid then pale ; g. emarginato-
free, ventricose ; s. 6 — 8 cm. solid, unequal, white ; sp. subgl. rough,
8—10.

porphyrophaeum, Fr. P. 4—6 cm. campan. then exp. umb. and
wavy, smoky fuscous then pale ; g. truncate behind, almost free ; s.
5 — 7 cm. solid, narrowed from the thickened base, fibrous, naked,
smoky purple ; sp. rough, 8—10.

Differs from E.jubatum in glabrous p. and hollow s.

repandum, Bull. P. 3 — 5 cm. conical then exp. umb. pale ochre
striate or spotted with darker colour, edge incurved, lobed ; g.
broadest in front ; s. 3—5 cm. solid, silky, white ; sp. globose, rough,
8. (11 x 6 Sacc.)

erophilum, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, dry, pale grey, virgate or venosely
striate ; g. rounded- aduate, broad ; s. solid, short, pruinose ; sp.
8x6.

Often growing in large circles.

[holophaeum, Bres. and Schulz. (Ag. plebejoides, Schulz.) En-
tirely umber outside and inside, pileus and base of stem darkest ; g.
at length greyish ; sp. r. 8 — 10.

[pyreniacum, Q. P. umb. silky-virgate, silvery grey ; g. greyish ;
s. white, fibrillosely striate ; sp. rough, 12 long.

placenta, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. umb. plane, even, regular, livid
"sh; g. crowded, thickish; s. 4 — 7 cm. solid, tibrously striate,
; sp. glob. 8.

heiodes, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. exp. plane, subumb. livid purplish or
smoky, often spotted; g. attenuato-aduate, white then rosy; s.
5 — 7 cm. hollow, pallid, fibrillose, base somewhat thickened; sp.
globose, rough, 10.

[quisquilaris, Karst. P. convex exp. subumb. slightly pruinose,
reddish or reddish-bay, disc darker, edge incurved, even ; g. crowded ;
s. subequal, reddish then blackish-bay ; sp. 7 — 10 x 4 — 5.

[fuliginarium, Karst. P. convex then subdepr. glabrous, edge
incurved at first, pellucidly striate, pitch-black then livid ; g. adnate,
crowded, oblong, pallid; s. paler than p., apex white pruinose;

Entoloma. 125

bulbigenum, B. and Br. ( = E. Persoonianum, Phil, and Plow.)
P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. or hemispher. obtuse, slightly tomentosely scaly,
white ; g. adnexed ; s. 5 — 7 cm. fibrillose, whitish, hollow, base some-
what bulbous; sp. rough, 13 — 15.

Batschianum, Fr. P. 2—3 cm. umb.-convex then plane and
depr. even, viscid, blackish ; g. grey ; s. 5 — 7 cm. tough, adpressedly
fibrillose, grey, base narrowed ; sp. subgl. rough, 7 — 9.

[cudon, Fr. P. tough and cartilaginous, conical, acute, blackish
umber, edge incurved ; g. crowded, smoky purple ; s. short, glabrous,
pallid.

Bloxami, Berk. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. obtuse, dingy blue, purple,
or slate-colour, edge inclined to be lobed ; g. pale rose ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
solid, colour of p.; sp. globose, rough, 9 — 10.

ardosiacum, Bull. P. 3 — 5 cm. campau.-convex, obtuse, deep
blue with brown tinge, then greyish; g. free; s. 5 — 7 cm. hollow,
blue, base white ; sp. subgl. rough, 9 — 10.

[nitidum, Q. ( = E. ardosiacum, Fr. Ic. t. 94, f. 4, not of Bull.)
P. campan. silky-shining, dusky bluish-violet, edge lilac, flesh white ;
g. free, broad, white then flesh-colour; s. slender, often twisted,
shining, colour of p. ; sp. rough, 8.

madidum, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3 — 5 cm. campan. exp. obtuse,
viscid, blackish- violet, sooty when old ; g. greyish white ; s. 5 — 8 cm.
hollow, violet, thickened base white ; sp. rough, 8.

liquescens, Cke. P. 3—5 cm. exp. broadly umb. ochre, disc
darker ; g. free, white then dingy lilac ; s. 5 — 8 cm. white, hollow ;
sp. subgl. rough, 7 — 8.

Gills deliquesce when mature.

[excentricum, Bres. P. campan. exp. mammilate, glabrous,
tinged tan ; g. emarginate ; s. cylindrical, colour of p. apex scurfy,
always excentric ; sp. rough, 10 — 18.

[viridans, Fr. P. conical then exp. viscid, umb. olive-green ; g.
nearly free, crowded ; s. hollow, glabrous.

[rubellum, Scop. P. exp. obtuse, even, viscid, reddish ; g. crenu-
late, rosy ; s. hollow, slightly downy, white ; sp. 1 1 x 6.

ameides, B. and Br. P. 3 — 5 cm. campan. often irreg. flocculent,
soon glabrous and silky, pale reddish-grey ; g. deeply rounded behind,
rugulose ; s. 3 cm. whitish ; sp. subgl. rough, 10.

II. LEPTONIDEI. Pileus flocculose, somewhat scaly,
absolutely dry, not hygr.

Saundersii, Fr. P. 5—8 cm. campan. exp. wavy and lobed, ad-
pressedly tomentose, white, tinged brown when old ; g. broad, distant ;
s. 8 — 12 cm. solid, equal, white ; sp. — .

fertile", B. P. 9 — 14 cm. convex then plane, dry, pulverulently
scaly, pallid reddish or reddish ochre ; g. rounded behind ; s.
9 — 12 cm. equal, base thickened, whitish, fibrilloso-squamulose, solid;

126 Entoloma.

[Rozei, Q. P. umb. grey, silky shining, edge lilac ; s. slender,
fibrillose, white ; sp. rough.

jubatum, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. campan. exp. umb. downy-squamose
or fibrillose, mouse-colour ; g. crowded, smoky ; s. 5 — 7 cm. hollow,
equal, fibrillose, fuscous ; sp. rough, 10 — 11 x 6.

Differs from E. porphyrophaeum in squamulose p. and hollow s.
[scabiosum, Fr. P. campan. then plane, obtusely umb. sooty,
rough with crowded, erect papillose scales ; g. free, greyish-white ;
s. hollow, fibrillose, sooty ; sp. rough, 10 — 12.

resutum, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, obtuse, fuscous, disc darkest,
adpressedly scaly or fibrillose; g. ventricose, greyish; s. 4 — 7 cm.
somewhat stuffed, glabrous, grey ; sp. rough, 8 — 9 x 6.

griseocyaneum, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, floc-
cosely scaly, grey tinged lilac ; g. white then flesh-colour ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
hollow, floccosely fibrillose, pallid then blue ; sp. rough, 8 — 10.
Resembling Leptonia, but soft not cartilaginous.
dichroum, Pers. P. camp. exp. umb. squamulosely fibrillose,
violet then livid mouse-colour ; g. sinuato-adnexed ; s. blue, fibrillosely
mealy ; sp. reddish fuscous, rough, 10 — 12 x 5—8.

sericellum, Fr. Shining white. P. 1 '5—3 cm. exp. depr. silky ;
g. adnate, then seceding ; s. 3 — 4 cm. fibrillose then polished ; sp.
subgl. rough, 10.

Differs from E. speculum in smaller size and silky p.
var. sublutescens, Fr. P. more regular, convex, even, yellowish ;
g. almost adnate ; s. fistulose.

var. lutescens, Henn. P. campan. more or less exp. at first white
and silky-floccose, then glabrous and dingy yellow ; s. white then
yellowish ; sp, rough, 8.

Cookei, C. Rich. ( = Pluteus phlebophorus, var. reticulatus, Cke.)
P. convex then exp. reddish orange or pale brick-red, covered with
raised veins forming a network ; g. adnexed ; s. 2 — 3 cm. solid ; sp.
globose, rough, 8.

Thomson!, B. and Br. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. umb. grey, with a net-
work of raised ribs ; g. slightly adnexed ; s. 3 — 4 cm. paler than p. ;
sp. 6 x 3'5.

[subrubens, Karst. P. conico-exp. umb. adpressedly squamulose
or fibrillose, glabrous, mouse-colour ; g. sinuato-adnexed, edge crenate ;
s. hollow, scurfy then glabrous, paler than p. reddish ; sp. rough,
9_12 x 7—8.

[indutum, Boud. Small, entirely grey. P. campan. then. exp.
umb. coarsely fibrillose ; g. broad, uncinate, powdered with the rosy
spores ; s. slender, fibrillose.

tortipes, Mass. P. 6—7 cm. convex then exp. umb. often de-
pressed, dark brown then tan and shining ; g. broadly adnate ; s.
4 — 5 cm. silky-fibrillose, flexuous, white tinged tan ; sp. 5 x 3.
Differs from K clypeatum in elliptical sp.

Entoloma. 127

III. NOLANIDEI. P ileus thin, hygr. rather silky
when dry. Often wavy and deformed.

clypeatum, L. P. 5 — 7 cm. campan. then exp. umb. lurid then
greyish ; g. serrulate ; s. 7 — 9 cm. stuffed, attenuated, fibrillose, pallid ;
sp. subgl. rough, 9 — 10.

nigrocinnamomeum, Kalchbr. P. 5 — 7 cm. convex then exp.
depressed round the umbo, blackish umber, even, glabrous ; g. reddish
cinnamon ; s. 4 — 6 cm. hollow, somewhat twisted, fibrillose, greyish
fuscous ; sp. subgl. rough, 8x9.

Differs from E. clypeatum in hollow stem and entire edge of
gills.

rhodopolium, Fr. P. 5 — 12 cm. campan. then exp. gibbous then
subdepr. edge wavy at first incurved, brown or livid then pale and
silky shining ; g. adnate then sinuate ; s. 5 — 9 cm. hollow, glabrous,
shining white ; sp. rough, 8 — 10 x 6 — 8.

[pluteoides, Fr. P. splitting, convex, exp. obtuse, greyish white
when moist, dingy yellowish when dry; g. emarginato-adnexed,
crowded ; s. hollow, rigid, cuticle fibrillose, white, usually rooting.

[elapninum, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, glabrous, bright fawn when
moist, pallid fuscous when dry, edge striate ; g. somewhat truncate
behind, very broad ; s. hollow, naked, livid ; sp. rough, 10 x 6.

[turbidum, Fr. P. campan. convex, umb. margin at first straight
and adpressed to stem, then split into striae, somewhat fuscous, grey
when dry; g. crowded, greyish white; s. hollow, inflato-clavate,
glabrous, even, silvery shining ; sp. 8 — 11 x 7 — 8.

majale, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. campan.-convex, umb. edge spreading,
wavy, cinnamon, yellowish when dry ; g. crenate ; s. 7 — 9 cm. twisted,
striate, whitish, base with white down ; sp. rough, 10 — 14 x 7 — 10.

Wynnei, B. and Br. Smell unpleasant. P. 3 — 4 cm. convex then
exp. subumb. often wavy, smoky grey, velvety then squamulose ; g.
broad, transversely ribbed; s. 3 — 5 cm. smoky blue, base downy,
white ; sp. rough, 10—11 x 7—8.

Smell resembling that of bugs.

costatum, Fr. P. 4 — 6 cm. bullate then plane, subumbil. wavy,
glabrous, livid fuscous then shining; g. nearly free, entire, trans-
versely ribbed, pallid ; s. 4 — 5 cm. deformed, substriate, grey, apex
with white squamules ; sp. rough, 12 — 14 x 8 — 11.

[Cordae, Karst. Differs from E. costatum in blackish umbilicate
p.; smaller sp. rough, 5 — t>. Other points identical.

sericeum, Fr. Smell strong, like meal. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. greyish
fawn when moist, livid and silky shining when dry; g. grey, emar-
ginate ; s. 2 — 3 cm. fistulose, fibrillose, paler than p. ; sp. globose,
rough, 7 — 8.

Differs from Nolanea pascua in mealy smell, and broad distant
gills cut out behind.

128 Entoloma — Nolanea.

[mimicum, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, then exp. glabrous, fusees-
cent ; g. adnate, whitish then dingy ; s. hollow, equal, cartilaginous,
glabrous, livid ; sp. 9 — 12.

[venosum, Gill. Smell strong of meal. P. thin, convex, subumb.
brownish, silky and shining when dry ; g. free, broad, transversely
veined, reddish-grey j s. fragile, fibrillose, rather squamulose at apex.

Differs from E. sericeum in free g.

[praecox, Karst. P. fragile, conico-convex, at length umb. gla-
brous, silky-shining ; g. ventricose, crowded, dingy then flesh-colour ;
s. fistulose, equal, compr. glabrous, striate, pallid ; sp. 7 — 10.

nidorosum, Fr. Smell alkaline. P. 4 — 7 cm. convex then exp.
and subdepr. greyish fawn, livid and with a silky sheen when dry ; g.
broad, wavy ; s. 4 — 7 cm. stuffed, equal, glabrous, pallid, apex with
white meal ; sp. rough, 8 — 10 x 7 — 8.

Smell sometimes very faint.

speculum, Fr. Whitish. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. subdepr. very gla-
brous, shining when dry, edge incurved, wavy ; g. emarginate, broad ;
s. equal, very fragile, striate; sp. subgl. rough, 12. (12 — 14x7 — 8
Sacc.)

NOLANEA, Fr.

* Gills grey or somewhat fuscous. Pileus dusky, hygr.

pascua, Pers. P. 2 — 3 cm. conico-exp. subumb. striate, livid
bistre, paler and shining when dry; g. crowded, narrowed behind,
greyish; s. 3 — 5 cm. silky-fibrous, striate, pale ; sp. rough, 9 — 10.

var. umbonata, Q. P. acute, umb. bay; s. fibrilloso-striate,
silvery.

[proletaria, Fr. P. campan.-exp. obtuse, somewhat umber, disc
darker, villose ; g. sooty grey ; s. fibrous, very fragile, grey ; sp. rough,
10—12 x 6.

[versatilis, Fr. P. convex then flattened, glabrous, shining, livid
aerugineous; g. grey; s. greyish white, with a silvery sheen when
dry.

[limosa, Fr. Smell strong of meal. P. campan. obtuse, glabrous,
sooty, hoary-silky when dry ; g. adnate, grey; s. polished, base inflated,
glabrous.

Babingtonii, Blox. P. 1 — 1-5 cm. conico-campan. pale grey,
silky, with fasciculate fibrils, disc squamulose ; g. adnate, grey ;
s. 2 — 3 cm. hollow, rather wavy, strigose and covered with brown
down ; sp. rough, 7 — 8.

mamniosa, Fr. P. 1'5 — 2*5 cm. conico-campan. papillate, striate,
glabrous, fuscous, pale when dry ; g. grey ; s. 4 — 5 cm. rigid, polished,
apex with white meal ; sp. rough, 7 — 8 x 5 — 6.

[papillata, Bres. P. subcampan. exp. papillate, striate, fuscous-
bay then paler; g. sinuato-adnate ; s. shining, glabrous, base with
white down ; sp. 5— 7-angled, 10—11 x 6—7.

Nolanea. 129

[Bresadolae, Mass. (=N. clandestina, Bres.). P. campan. exp.
umb. or papillate, glabrous, shining, striate, umber-bay or almost
black then rufescent ; g. thick, umber then fuscous-purple ; s. polished,
blackish-bay, subequal ; sp. 5 — 6-angled, 9— 10 x 7.

[clandestina, Fr. Umber. P. hemispher. umb. slightly striate,
glabrous, silky when dry; g. very distant, thick, umber then purplish;
s. short, naked.

[bryophila, Boud. and Roze. P. conico-campan. striate, apiculate,
pale rufous brown, apex blackish ; g. nearly free ; s. cartilaginous,
semipellucid, equal.

juncea, Fr. P. l'5—2 cm. conical then exp. radiately striate,
sooty umber, disc subumbil. subsquarnulose ; g. obovate, grey then
brownish purple ; s. 4 — 6 cm. slender, fuscous; sp. rough, 10 — 12.

[fumosella, Wint. ( = A. fumosus, Rab.). P. subconic, then
subexp. umbil. subpellucid virgate, reddish grey, sometimes white-
floccose, silky shining when dry; g. adnexed, subtriangular, closely
crowded, grey then brownish; s. colour of p., base albo-floccose,
rooting, slightly viscid.

fulvostrigosa, B. and Br. P. 2 — 3 cm. conico-campan. subumb.
rugulose, ochre with olive tinge; g. adnexed; s. 4 — 5 cm. hollow,
mealy-squamulose, base densely strigose with reddish fibrils; sp.
rough, 10 x 6 ; cystidia conical.

* * Gills yellowish or reddish.

nigripes, Trog. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2 — 3 cm. conico-
campan. obtuse, even, fuscous with paler flecks ; g. yellowish pink ; s.
7 — 10 cm. twisted, glabrous, black ; sp. - .

pisciodora, Ces. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2 — 3 cm. conico-
campan. obsoletely umb. tawny cinnamon, soft like velvet ; g.
adnexed; s. 5—7 cm. chestnut then blackish, apex paler, rather
velvety; sp. — .

rufocarnea, B. P. 2 — 3 cm. hemispher. umbil. reddish brown
slightly fibrillose ; g. ventricose, veined, salmon ; s. 4 — 5 cm. hollow,
pale reddish brown, apex paler ; sp. 9 — 10 x 6.

[vinacea, Fr. P. campan.-convex, obtuse, slightly striate, rufes-
cent ; g. distant ; s. even, glabrous, yellow.

var. squamulosa, Karst. P. campan. subumbil. coarsely striate,
scurfy; g. edge floccosely crenulate, golden; s. glabrous, yellowish;
sp. rough, 10 — 12 x 7 — 8.

[cetrata, Fr. P. camp, then exp. glabrous, furcato-sulcate,
yellow; g. pallid yellow; s. fragile, glabrous, yellow; sp. rough,
10—12x10.

[cuneata, Bres. P. conico-cuspidate, glabrous, striate, lurid
yellow, cusp yellowish, g. pale yellow then brownish flesh-colour;
s. yellowish, apex with white scurf, base with contorted fibres ; sp.
angular, 10— 12 x 7 — 8.

M. P. 9

130 Nolanea.

[carneovirens, Jungh. P. campan. deeply striate, greenish
yellow ; g. free, broad : s. solid, glabrous, dusky aerugineous; sp.
H_12 x 7—8.

icterina, Fr. P. 2—4 cm. campan.-convex, striate, papillate,
yellowish green, hygr.; g. distant, ventricose ; s. 3 — 4 cm. rigid, floc-
cosely mealy, colour of p. or brownish ; sp. rough, 11 — 12 x 8.

snbglobosa, A. and S. P. 2 cm. hemispher. even, viscid, yellow-
ish ; g. nearly free, rhomboid ; s. 3 — 4 cm. striate, pale ; sp. 9 x 7.

[hesperidium, Brig. P. broadly campan. even, waxy yellow, disc
darker ; g. free, crowded ; white then greyish violet, edge at length
blackish; s. even, shining white.

[pleopodia, Bull. P. campan. then exp. and edge upraised, even,
yellowish ; g. narrowed behind, dingy flesh-colour ; s. equal, yellowish
white, apex pruinose ; sp. 10 — 12 x 4.

* * * Gills white then rosy. Hygroph.

picea, Kalchbr. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2 — 3 cm. conical then
campan. papillate, even, glabrous, pitch brown then umber ; g. emar-
ginate ; s. 3 — 5 cm. slightly pruinose, colour of p. ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5.

Differs from N. pisciodora in colour of gills and p.

[hirtipes, Fl. Dan. P. conico-campan. fuscous ; g. free, obovate,
rosy; s. slender, glabrous, colour of p. hirsute below; sp. rough, 7 — 9.

infula, JFr. Very tough. P. 2 cm. conical then exp. papillate,
shining, dark grey then pale ; g. narrow, closely crowded, pure white
then rosy; s. 4 — 5 cm. rigid, glabrous, naked, fuscous; sp. — .

var. versiformis, Fr. P. convex then depr. or even infundib. but
persistently papillate.

[viridifluens, Lasch. P. campan. subumbil. dry, fibrous, fuscous
olive; g. adnate, broad; s. greenish-yellow.

Exuding a green juice when broken.

[staurospora, Bres. P. conico-campan. hygr. brownish umber,
margin striate; g. subadnexed, white then flesh-colour; s. livid,
fibril loso-striate, often twisted, tall, albo-floccose at base ; sp. almost
quadrangular-stellate, 10 — 12.

Differs from N. hirtipes in larger size, fibrillose stem, downy, not
strigose at base.

* * * * Gills whitish. Not hygr.

verecunda, Fr. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. campan.-convex, disc rather fleshy,
subumb. watery reddish, striate towards edge, flocculose ; g. adnate ;
s. 3 — 4 cm. pallid, apex mealy ; sp. 10 — 12 x 5 — 8.

coelestina, Fr. P. 1'5 — 2 cm. campan. obtuse, blue, disc darker,
scabrid ; g. adnate, very broad ; s. 2 — 3 cm. blackish blue, apex
pruinose ; sp. glob. 10.

[cruentata, Q. P. campan. mammilate, edge exp. pruinose,
bluish-lilac ; g. broad ; s. slender, glaucous or bluish, rufescent when
touched ; sp. rough, 10.

Nolanea — Leptonia. 131

exilis, Fr. P. 2 cm. conico-exp. striate, livid grey, apex darker
and papillate ; g. adnexed ; s. 4 — 6 cm. filiform, bluish green, apex
naked; sp. — .

[Kretzschmarii, Rab. P. ovate then exp. reddish then greyish
white, umbo rather fleshy, pellucidly striate at edge; g. decur. ; s.
yellowish brown, base floccosely rooting.

rubida, Berk. P. up to 1 cm. convex then exp. umbil. whitish
grey then rufescent, minutely silky; g. adnate, slightly decur.; s.
4 — 6 mm. white; sp. 4 — 5 x 3.

[codes, Fr. Small. P. at first cucullate, furcato-sulcate, disc
umbil., umber, scabrid, becoming exp. ; g. adnate, broad, distant ; s.
glabrous, livid.

[monachella, Q. P. campan. apiculate, striate, diaphanous,
white, centre spotted sooty; g. adnate, uncinate; s. bulbillose, white,
hyaline ; sp. rough, 10-.-12 x 6 — 8.

[minuta, Karst. P. convex, sometimes subumbil. striate up to
umbilicus, glabrous, pallid fuscous, paler when dry and shining ; g.
adnate, pallid ; s. pallid fuscous, glabrous ; sp. rough, 7 — 9.

LEPTONIA, Fr.

* Gills whitish. Pileus rather fleshy, not striate,
not hygr.

[Linkii, Fr. P. convexo-plane, fibrillosely virgate, sooty black
then grey, disc darker; g. white then flesh-colour, edge black; s.
glabrous, smoky, base incurved ; sp. 10 long.

[Forquignoni, Q. P. umbil. wavy, rugulosely striate, granulated,
olive, diaphanous; g. eroded, hoary; s. slightly striate, silky; sp.
rough, 11 long.

placida, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, obtuse, grey or bluish, downy
disc darker, fibrillosely scaly; g. adnexed, broad, entirely whitish ; s.
4 — 7 cm. blackish-blue, apex with white bloom and very minutely
spotted black; sp. - .

Differs from L. lappula in p. not being umbil.

anatina, Lasch. P. 3 — 4 cm. campan. indistinctly umb. greyish
brown, longitudinally fibrillosely squamulose ; g. adnexed, broad ; s.
3 — 4 cm. bluish, pruinose then fibrillosely squamulose. apex even (not
spotted black); sp. 8x5. (10—12 x 7—8 Sacc.)

Differs from L. placida and L. lappula in not having black points
at apex of stem.

lappula, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. umbil. grey, even, the darker
umbilicus with erect fibrils, giving a muricellato-punctate appear-
ance ; g. broad, crowded ; s. 4 — 5 cm. brownish-lilac or blackish-
purple, apex naked and with black points ; sp. — .

132 Leptonia.

lampropoda, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex then exp. or subdepr.
flocculose then squamulose, sooty grey then paler ; g. adnate, ventri-
cose ; s. 3 — 4 cm. even, firm bluish violet, apex not black spotted ;
sp. rough, 10 — 11x6 — 7.

Differs from L. asprella in even p. not being umbilicate.

var. cyanultis, Lasch. Slender. P. subumbil. floccosely villose,
blackish blue ; s. capillary.

aethiops, Fr. P. 1'5 — 2-5 cm. plano-depr. even, shining, black
then smoky, glabrous but innately fibrillosely virgate; g. adnate,
entirely whitish ; s. 3 — 5 cm. blackish brown, black punctate up-
wards ; sp. rough, 10 x 7.

Differs from L. lampropoda in black punctate s.

solstitialis, Fr. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. exp. at length depr. papillate,
rugulose, obsoletely innately fibrillose, fuscous; g. emarginate, broad;
2 — 3 cm. smoky, glabrous ; sp. rough, 12 — 14 x 7.

[camelina, Lasch. P. obtuse, pallid rufous ; g. arcuate, crowded ;
s. stuffed, fibrillose, base curved.

[Turci, Bres. P. convex, umbil. then exp. brown-umber then tan,
densely downy then squamulose ; g. broad ; s. hollow, compr. livid
cinnamon; flesh white, rosy when broken; sp. angular, 11 — 12
x 7—8.

* * Gills at first bluish or grey.

sermlata, Pers. P. 2 — 3 cm. hemispher. exp. umbil. rather
scaly, blackish blue ; g. broad, edge black-serrulate ; s. 2 — 3 cm. paler
than p. with black points above ; sp. rough, 12 — 14 * 6 — 8.

euchroa, Pers. P. r5 — 2 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, fibrillosely
scaly, violet ; g. violet, edge darker, entire ; s. 2 — 3 cm. violet, not
black punctate ; sp. rough, 10 x 7 — 8.

Differs from L. chalybea and L. lazulina by growing on
wood.

chalybea, Pers. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, subumb. not striate, floccu-
lose then squamulose, dark violet; g. greyish- white, edge rather paler;
s. 3 — 5 cm. blue, not punctate ; sp. 10 x 6. .

Differs from L. lazulina by p. not being striate.

lazulina, Fr. P. 1*5 — 2 cm. campan. striate, at first glabrous then
cracked into squamules, sooty black; g. adnate, equally narrowed
from stem to edge of p. pallid grey ; s. 4—5 cm. blue, not punctate ;
sp. 10 x 6.

[Bresadolae, Schulz. P. subglobose then exp. umbil. and depr.
umber, minutely squamulose; g. pale violet; s. bright blue, base
bulbous with white down ; sp. rough, 8 — 10.-

[Bizzozeriana, Sacc. P. umb. exp. dusky grey with dark
scurf ; g. dusky vinous-purple ; s. dusky purple ; sp. 7 x 3.

[Gorteri, Weinm. P. convex, obtuse, velvety-squamulose, grey
then pale, edge white-fimbriate ; g. fuscous purple, shining ; s. purple
violet.

Leptonia. 133

*** Gills fuscous- or dusky -purple.

[calimorpha, Weinm. P. conico-convex, umb. densely squamulose,
sooty or black ; g. nearly free, ventricose, with a purple sheen, edge
black; s. blackish-purple.

[aquila, Fr. P. exp. deeply umbil. bay ; g. sinuato-adnexed, very
broad ; s. stuffed, fuscous, thickened upwards.

[pyrenaica, Pat. and Doas. P. convexo-plane, 4—5 mm. slightly
umb. edge incurved, reddish brown ; g. pale red, adnate with a tooth ;
s. solid, curved, colour of p.; sp. 5—6.

* * * * Gills pallid. Pileus yellow or greenish
then pale.

incana, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous, somewhat virgate,
brownish green ; g. adnate with decur. tooth, greenish white ; s.
3 — 5 cm. shining, brownish green ; sp. rough, 8 — 9.

[euchlora, Lasch. P. campan. convex, not striate, yellow-green
with brown fibrils, darker disc impressed ; g. adnate ; s. squamulosely
fibrillose, greenish-yellow, base aerugineo-tomentose ; sp. 10 — 14
x6— 8.

formosa, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. subumbil. slightly striate, yellow
wax-colour with brown adpressed fibrils and scattered squamules ; g.
adnate, pallid yellow; s. 4 — 5 cm. striate, shining, yellow; sp.
10—12 x 8.

var. suavis, Lasch. S. becoming bluish.

chloropolius, Fr. P. 2—3 cm. exp. striate, livid, centre with
black squamules ; g. adnate, pallid ; s. 4 — 5 cm. even, bluish-green ;
sp. rough, 7—8 x 5. (12—14 x 6—8 Sacc.)

[pallens, Karst. P. convex exp. disc slightly depr. glabrous,
livid, pale and shining when dry; g. adnate, seceding; s. pallid,
glabrous; sp. rough, 9 — 10.

[melleo-pallens, Karst. P. convex, entirely striate, glabrous,
shining, brownish honey-colour then pale ; g. soon free, edge darker ;
s. colour of p. base with white down ; sp. rough, 13 — 15 x 10 — 11.

***** Gills grey or glaucous. Pileus hygr.

asprella, Fr. P. 3 — 4 cm. exp. glabrous or fibrillose, striate,
umbilicus downy then squamulose, sooty then livid grey ; g. adnate,
equally narrowed to the edge ; s. 3 — 4 cm. slender, even, glabrous,
livid, tinged green or blue ; sp. 10—12 x 6 — 8.

[scabrosa, Fr. P. exp. umbilic. from the first, not striate,
squamulose, sooty-brown, then grey, hygr. ; g. adnate, segmentoid,
grey ; s. even, apex with black points and white meal.

134 Leptonia — Clitopilus.

nefrens, Fr. P. 3 — 4 cm. exp. then infundib. hygr. rather wavy,
livid sooty, depression darkest, pale when dry; g. broad, edge
blackish, entire ; s. 2 — 3 cm. glabrous, livid fuscous ; sp. 4 — 5 x 3.

Differs from L. serrulata in entire edge of g. and absence of black
points at apex of s.

[sarcita, Fr. Fragile. P. exp. radiato-striate, uniform, hygr.
torn into fibrillose scales, smoky, hoary when dry ; g. linear, thick,
distant, glaucous; s. short, glabrous ; sp. 10 — 12 x 8.

******

Gills white.

[Kervernii, Guern. P. fleshy-ochre or buff yellow, dotted with
flecks ; g. free, ventricose ; s. slightly squamulose, shining white,
often compr. base cottony.

[Queletii, Boud. P. white with scattered rosy-amethyst flecks ;
g. white then rosy ; s. white then yellowish ; sp. rough, 14.

[sericella, Bull. Shining white. P. silky; g. flesh-colour; s.
slender, fibrillose.

[Grillotii, Q. Diaphanous, becoming hyaline white. P. striate,
umbil. tinged olive ; s. fistulose, silky, base white-downy ; sp.
rough, 9.

[parasitica, Q. Pruinose, shining white. P. orbicular ; g. sinuate,
white then rosy ; s. arcuate, apex dilated.

| aemulans, Karst. P. convex, umbil. innately squamulose, grey,
opaque ; g. adnate, broad, smoky ; s. glabrous, dusky livid, base
whitish.

Resembles Clitopilns vilis.

CLITOPILUS, Fr.

I. ORCELLI. Gills deeply decur. Pileus irreg. sub-
excentric, wavy, scarcely hygr. edge at first flocculose.

prunulus, Scop. Smell like new meal. P. 5—9 cm. compact,
convex and regular then wavy, dry, pruinose, greyish white ; g. rather
distant ; s. 2—3 cm. ventricose, naked, striate, white ; sp. 7—8 x 5.
Edible.

orcella, Bull. Smell like new meal. P. 5 — 7 cm. soft, plano-
depr. irreg. from first, silky, rather viscid when moist, yellowish-
white ; g. crowded ; s. 2 cm. flocculose, thickened upwards ; sp.
7x4.

mundulus, Lasch. P. 3—5 cm. plano-depr. unequal, dry, white ;
g. closely crowded, narrow ; s. 2 — 3 cm. floccosely villose, white, be-
coming blackish inside ; sp. 10 x 5.

| pseudoorcella, Fr. P. exp. depr. even, somewhat fuscous, but
silkily hoary ; g. broad, distant, greyish white ; s. solid, short, outside
and inside greyish-brown.

Clitopilus. 135

popinalis, Fr. Entirely grey. P. 3 — 5 cm. flaccid, rather wavy,
glabrous ; g. crowded, dark grey ; s. 3 — 4 cm. equal, naked ; sp.
rough, 4—5.

undatus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. deeply umbil. wavy, fragile, sooty
grey, pale and silky opaque ; g. dark grey ; s. 2—3 cm. hollow, colour
of p. ; sp. rough, 6—8. (10—12, Quel.)

var. viarum, Fr. P. often excentric, greyish hoary, shining, with
darker zones.

[conceatricus, Gill. P. convex, umbil. edge wavy, greyish or
reddish with brown broken concentric lines ; g. reddish grey ; s. pale
reddish with abundant white down at base.

cancrinus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex-umbil. then exp. unequal,
flocculose, smooth, pale reddish-white ; g. decur. distant ; s. 2 cm.
tough, glabrous, white ; sp. rough, 5 — 6.

cretatus, B. and Br. P. 1 — 2 cm. convex then umbil. thin, dead
white but shining, edge incurved ; g. very decur. ; s. 4 — 6 mm. white ;
sp. subgl. 4—5. (7x3 Phil., 11—12 long, Quel.)

[lentulus, Karst. P. plano-depr. often irreg. rather silky, rather
viscid when moist, whitish ; g. decur. closely crowded, narrow, pallid ;
s. solid, equal, wavy, flocculose, pallid ; sp. rough, 2 — 4.

II. SERICELLI. Pileus regular silky or hygr.-silky, edge
involute, naked. Gills adnate, slightly decur.

carneoalbus, Wither. P. 1'5 — 2'5 cm. convex then exp. and
depr. edge drooping, white, polished ; g. crowded ; s. 2 — 3 cm. equal,
solid, white ; sp. rough, 7 — 8.

[angustus, Pers. P. convexo-plane, subumb. grey, silky -shining
when dry ; g. tinged flesh-colour ; s. glabrous, white, base incurved,
downy ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5.

sarnicus, Mass. P. 2 — 3 cm. becoming plane, subumbonate, grey,
silky ; g. plane then suddenly decurrent near the stem, reddish ; s.
2 — 3 cm. flexuous, white, smooth ; sp. nodulose, 7 — 8 x 6.

[nidusavis, Seer. P. plano-umb. floccosely-scurfy, greyish brown,
at length wavy ; g. broad, thickish, white then flesh-colour ; s. floc-
culose, thickened at both ends, base with white down ; sp. 8 — 9 x 6.

[hydroionides, Cesati. Tough, violet then grey. P. convex,
obsoletely umb. hygr. ; g. adnato-decur. whitish ; s. hollow, short,
even.

vilis, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, umbil. slightly striate, grey, silky-
flocculose ; g. crowded, white then greyish ; s. hollow, fibrillosely
striate, grey ; sp. 7 — 8 x 6.

[ionipterus, Cesati. P. plano-depr. glabrous, violet ; g. adnato-
decur. bluish ; s. solid, pallid, cracked into fibres outside.

[cicatrisatus, Lasch. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, not striate,
rivuloso-rugulose when adult, fuscous ; g. broad, pallid ; s. even, base
strigose, rooting.

136 Clitopilus — Ecdlia.

[neglectus, Lasch. P. convex then umbil. not striate, floccosely-
fibrillose, whitish ochre then pallid ; g. adnato-decur. ; s. solid, weak,
whitish.

straminipes, Mass. P. 3—5 cm. fragile, whitish, shining, soon
exp. and depr. ; g. whitish then rosy ; s. 3 — 5 cm. straw-colour below,
mealy above, hollow ; sp. rough, 10 — 12.

stilbocephalus, B. and Br. P. 2 — 4 cm. campan. obtuse, edge
straight, yellowish-white or greyish, sparkling with atoms ; #. veined,
adnate or emargiuate ; s. 4 — 7 cm. silky-fibrous, white ; sp. rough,
12 x 7—8.

Smithii, Mass. P. 2 — 4 cm. soon plane and orbicular, often wavy,
atomate, white or tinged yellow ; g. broadly adnate ; s. 4 — 7 cm.
surface undulated, pallid with a reddish tinge below; sp. glob. 4.

ECCILIA, Fr.

[polita, Pers. P. umbil. glabrous, hygr. livid, shining when dry ;
g. crowded ; s. equal, livid, polished, apex subpruinose.

[apiculata, Fr. P. convex, depr. umb. even, hygr. livid, silky
when dry ; g. rather distant, grey ; s. equal, glab'rous, livid.

Parkensis, Fr. P. 1-5 — 2 cm. exp. deeply umbil. glabrous, fuscous,
striate to middle ; g. crowded ; s. 2 cm. colour of p. glabrous ; sp.
rough, 8—10.

carneogrisea, B. and Br. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, umbil. finely
striate, greyish pink, edge darker, micaceous; g. subdecur. edge
irreg. darker ; s. 2 — 4 cm. colour of p. white down at base ; sp. rough,
7x5.

griseorubella, Lasch. P. 2 — 3 cm. deeply umbil. then plane,
striate, hygr. umber then hoary ; g. slightly decur. ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
glabrous, paler than p. ; sp. rough, 9 — 10.

[Mougeotii, Fr. ( = E. atrides, Q.). P. umbil. then infundib.
fibrillose then squamulose, greyish lilac, edge blue; g. lilac then
pallid ; s. elongated, fibrillose, apex floccose, greyish lilac ; sp. 7 — 8.

var. minor, Sacc. P. convex then umbil. fuscous violet ; g. lilac ;
s. yiolet ; sp. rough, 9x7.

atrides, Lasch. P. plane, deeply umbil. striate, black or brown,
black virgate, then pale ; g. pallid, edge with black points ; s. pallid
with black points above ; sp. — .

Fries thinks this may be an abnormal form of Lept. serrulata.

nigrella, Pers. Tufted, small. P. smooth, umbil. becoming
blackish, not virgate ; g. flesh colour then grey, edge same colour ; s.
short, glaucous, not dotted black ; sp. — .

United by Fries with E. atrides, but considered distinct by Berk,
and Broome.

[nigellus, Q. Small, bay then blackish ; p. striate, umbil. granu-
lated; g. decur. narrow, grey; s. short, glabrous, base woolly; sp.
rough, 10.

Ecdlia — Claudopus, 137

atropuncta, Pers. P. 1 — 2 cm. soft, hemispherical, pale grey ;
g. decur. arcuate, rosy-grey ; s. 2 — 4 cm. rather tough, pallid, shining,
with black dot-like squamules ; sp. rough, 5 — 6.

[calophylla, Pers. P. hemispher. umbil. sooty umber ; g. decur.
reddish-purple ; s. narrowed upwards, rather thick, somewhat viscid,
colour of p., at first purplish, shining.

rhodocylix, Lasch. P. 1 — 1*5 cm. umbil. -infundib. remotely
striate when moist, somewhat fuscous, flocculose and grey when dry ;
g. very distant, broad ; s. 2 — 3 cm. glabrous, grey ; sp. rough, 10.

[rusticoides, Gill. P. convex, umbil. striate, glabrous, hygr.
brown, paler when dry ; g. decur. thick, distant, forked, rufous-brown ;
s. slender, colour of p.

flosculus, W. G. Sm. P. 1'5 — 2 cm. deeply umbil. with crystalline
particles, irreg. black brown, whitish with age ; g. decur. rather wavy ;
s. 2 cm. reddish ; sp. rough.

Probably introduced.

acus, W. G. Sm. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. deeply umbil. densely pruinose,
white, edge striate and incurved ; g. thick, distant ; s. 2 — 3 cm. smooth,
whitish ; sp. rough.

Probably introduced.

[tristis, Bres. Smell like spirit-of-wine. P. convexo-subcampan.
umbil. edge crisped, striate, moist, glabrous, brown ; g. distant, thick,
broad, arcuato-decur. fleshy-brown ; colour of p. glabrous ; sp. rough,
8—10.

CLAUDOPUS, W. G. Sm.

[translucens, D. C. P. subsessile, thin, orbicular, wavy, pellucid,
white tinged reddish ; g. free, pallid then reddish lilac ; sp. 4 — 6
long.

variabilis, Pers. P. 1— 1-5 cm. resupinate, then reflexed, tomen-
tose, white, attached by a very short incurved downy stem which
disappears when the pileus turns over ; g. radiating from an excentric
point, distant, white then pink ; sp. 3 x 2.

var. sphaerosporm, Pat. P. white, tomentose ; g. paler than
type ; sp. globose, echinulate, tinged red.

depluens, Batsch. P. 1—1 '5 cm. more or less convex, edge in-
curved, resupinate then reflexed, white or tinged reddish, usually
with a very short downy s. ; g. broad, ventricose, grey then tinged
rufescent ; sp. glob, rough, 5 — 6. (9 — 11 x 6 — 8 Sacc.)

Differs from C. variabilis in globose, warted s.

[inaecLuabilis, Sacc. Entirely rusty, stipitate ; p. oblique, almost
glabrous; g. sinuato-free, ventricose; s. very excentric, short, base
dilated, incurved ; sp. 8 x 6.

[macrosporus, Pat. and Doas. P. exp. depressed at an excentric
point corresponding to insertion of stem, reddish brown, striate up
to depression ; g. broad, distant, reddish ; s. short, excentric, enlarged
into a flat plate at base ; sp. 15—18 x 12.

138 Claudopus — Ochrosporae.

byssisedus, Pers. P. 1 — 2 cm. resupinate then horizontal,
reniform, plane, downy, grey then pale ; g. adnato-decur. greyish-
white, reddish with the spores ; s. incurved, downy, base surrounded
with white fibrils ; sp. glob, rough, 6—7.

Differs from Pleurotus applicatus by presence of s. and pink sp.

[Zahlbruckneri, Beck. P. resupinate then reflexed, sessile,
reniform, shining white, downy; g. radiating, reddish, edge paler,
denticulate ; sp. minutely warted, subg. 6 — 7.

Differs from G. variabilis in denticulate edge of gills and sp.

[Klukii, Blonski. P. shell-shaped, reniform, downy, greyish-tan ;
g. crowded, decur. whitish then bright rosy ; s. slightly curved, base
white and downy ; sp. 5—6 x 3.

Allied to C. byssisedus but larger.

[Peteauxi, Q. P. cupulate then reniform, wavy, thin, fragile,
minutely tomentose, shining white ; g. free, sinuate, radiating from a
central point which is continued into a very short, white tomentose
stem ; sp. 7 long.

OCHROSPORAE.

A. Gills separating spontaneously, or very easily from

flesh of pileus.

Paxillus. Margin of pileus persistently involute ; gills decurrent
or adnato-decurrent.

B. Gills not separating spontaneously, nor easily from

01

Stem furnished with a volva, or an interwoven ring,
or with

Locellina. Volva and ring both present.
Pholiota. Ring alone present.

* * Volva and ring both absent.
f Stem central.

Pluteolus. Gills free.

Bolbitius. Pileus membranaceous ; gills deliquescent at maturity.

Inocybe. Stem fleshy, fibrous externally ; pileus fibrillose or
scaly ; gills sinuato-adnexed.

Hebeloma. Stem fleshy, fibrous externally ; pileus glabrous,
viscid ; gills sinuato-adnexed.

Naucoria. Stem cartilaginous externally; edge of pileus in-
curved at first; gills adnexed or adnate.

Ochrosporae — Paxillus. 139

Galera. Stem cartilaginous externally ; edge of pileus straight
at first ; gills adnexed or adnate, often with a decurrent tooth.

Tubaria. Stem cartilaginous externally ; gills broadest behind,
decurrent or adnato-decurrent.

Flammula. Stem fleshy, fibrous externally; gills adnate or
decurrent.

Cortinarius. Universal veil cobweb-like, not forming an inter-
woven ring, often collapsing and forming a ring-like zone on the
stem; stem fleshy, fibrous.

ft Stem excentric or absent.
Crepidotus.

PAXILLUS, Fr.

A. LEPISTA. Pileus entire, central.

[sordarius, Fr. P. convexo-gibbous then plano-depr. dingy
white, edge at length spreading and sulcate; g. adnate, crowded;
s. spongy-stuffed, equal, striate, greyish white ; sp. 8 x 6.

Alexandri, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. compact, plane then depr. dry,
fawn, edge strongly incurved; g. subdecur. yellowish; s. 1 — 2 cm.
stout ; sp. 4 — 5 x 2 — 3.

lepista, Fr. P. 4 — 9 cm. plano-depr. dry, dingy white, edge
incurved, even, naked; g. deeply decur. rather branched, crowded,
whitish ; s. solid, stout, pallid ; sp. 8x6.

Differs from large sp. of Clitocybe by strongly incurved p. and
dingy spores.

extenuatus, Fr. P. 2 — 5 crn. rigid, campan. exp. naked, glabrous,
moist, brownish tan, edge incurved, downy, even ; g. deeply decur.
closely crowded, white then dingy ; s. 3 — 5 cm. solid, base tuberous,
rooting; sp. — .

panaeolus, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. thin, exp. subdepr. glabrous, moist,
white, edge incurved, thin ; g. slightly decur. crowded, narrow, pale
rusty ; s. 2—3 cm. rufescent, thickened below ; sp. subg. 5.

var. spilomaeohts, Fr. P. with drop-like spots ; s. slender,
yellowish white ; g. pale rusty.

[nitens, Lamb. P. convex, fleshy, glutinous in damp weather,
shining and velvety when dry, yellow-brown, edge incurved, paler;
g. free, sinuate, closely crowded, becoming olive-brown ; s. reddish-
yellow, base darker.

orcelloides, Cke. and Mass. P. 2 — 4 cm. thin, exp. snow-white
then with greyish blotches, edge incurved ; g. adnato-decur. white
then brownish ; s. 2 — 3 cm. tapering to base, ochre ; sp. 8 x 4.

Differs from P. panaeolus in tapering stem and sp.

lividus, Cke. P. 2 — 5 cm. convex, disc depr. margin arched

140 Paxillus.

and incurved, dingy white or livid ochre; g. decur. broad, white;
s. 6 — 9 cm. narrowed downwards, white ; sp. glob. 3 — 3'5, whitish.

Probably a sp. of Clitocybe.

reyolutus, Cke. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, pale ochre, edge thin,
sometimes tinged lilac, a little upturned ; g. deeply decur. pale tan ;
s. 2 — 3 cm. narrowed downwards, paler than p., often tinged violet
at base ; sp. glob. 3'5— 4.

Differs from P. lividus in deeply decur. coloured g.

B. TAPINIA. Pileus usually excentric or resupinate.

involutus, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. convex then depr. moist, rusty
orange, incurved edge downy, flesh pallid ; g. branched, broad,
anastomosing behind, dingy ochre ; s. solid, firm, 3—4 cm. ; sp.
8—12 x 5—6.

var. excentricus, Fr. P. excentric ; s. short, growing on wood.

paradoxus, Cke. P. 2 — 6 cm. convex then exp. sometimes
irreg. densely tomentose, rufous umber with purple tinge ; g. decur.
connected by veins, yellow ; s. 2 — 3 cm. fibrillose, red and yellow ;
sp. 20—22 x 7—8.

leptopus, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. excentric, gibbous then depr. yellow-
brown, torn into downy squaniules, flesh yellow ; g. simple, very
narrow, yellowish then darker; s. 1 — 2 cm. solid, base narrowed;
sp. 8—9 x 5.

atrotomentosus, Fr. P. 6 — 12 cm. compact, excentric, gibbous
then plano-infundib. dry, torn into granules, rusty ; g. adnate,
yellowish; s. solid, rooting, densely covered with blackish tomentum;
sp. 5x3.

[griseotomentosus, Fr. P. convexo-plane, gibbous, excentric,
oblique, glabrous, tan, becoming rusty when bruised, edge incurved,
downy; flesh watery; g. decur. broad, tan; s. stout, tuberous, velvety
with grey down ; sp. 9 long.

[chrysophylLus, Trog. P. campan.-plane, horizontal, cracked
into scales, pale cinnamon ; g. decur. broad, white then citrin ;
s. short, ascending, pallid.

crassus, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. oblique, nearly plane and even, becoming
rusty ; g. rather distant, cinnamon ; s. very short, excentric, ascend-
ing; sp. 15—18x7—8.

Strongly suggests the genus Flammula.

[ionipus, Q. P. 5 — 10 cm. shell-shaped, oboval or oblong, glabrous,
straw-colour with a tinge of olive, narrowed into a short, bulbous,
tomentose, amethyst or lilac stem ; flesh soft, citrin ; g. decur. trans-
versely veined, branched, tinged olive then cinnamon ; sp. 6 — 7 long.

panuoides, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. shell-shaped, downy then glabrous,
sessile becoming resupinate, dingy yellow ; g. decur. crowded,
branched, crisped, yellow; sp. 4 — 5x3 — 4.

var. fagi, Cke. Gregarious, crisped ; g. crisped, orange.

[lamellirugis, D.C. P. 2 — 5 cm. resupinate, cup-shaped then

Paxillus — Locettina — Pholiota. 141

shell-shaped, downy, yellow; g. decur. branched, wavy and crisped,
alveolate at the base, saffron then cinnamon ; sp. 6 long.
Perhaps identical with P. panuoides.

LOCELLINA, Gillet.

Alexandri, Gill. P. convex, umb. viscid, yellowish-tan, appendi-
culate ; g. adnato-decur. flesh-colour ; s. slender, wavy, whitish, with
a fibrillose cinnamon veil, base bulbous, volva torn at free edge.

acetabulosa, Sacc. ( = Acetabularia acetabulosa, B.). P. 2 — 3 cm.
tan, edge deeply striate ; g. free, brown ; s. 4 — 5 cm. white, hollow,
volva small.

PHOLIOTA, Fr.

A. HUMIGENI. Terrestrial, not attached to mosses;
rarely caespitose.

* Spores rusty.

aurea, Matt. P. 8 — 14 cm. hemispher. exp. obtuse, somewhat
velvety, pulverulent or obsoletely squamulose, golden tawny ; g. ad-
nexed, ventricose, paler than p. ; s. 10 — 16 cm. stuffed, nearly equal,
even ; sp. 10 x 5.

var. Vahlii, Schum. P. even, glabrous ; g. almost free.

caperata, Pers. P. 6 — 11 cm. ovate, exp. with incrusted white
flecks, yellow; g. adnate, clay-colour; s. 8 — 14 cm. white, ring
superior, thin, apex scaly ; sp. 12 x 4 — 5.

terrigena, Fr. (incl. P. Cookei, Fr.). P. 3—5 cm. exp. fibrillosely
silky, dingy yellow ; g. adnate, pale yellow rusty olive ; s. 4 — 5 cm.
equal, variegated with rusty wart-like scales ; veil forming a ring and
appendiculate ; sp. 5 x 3. (10 x 4 — 6.)

[Secretani, Fr. P. convex, exp. yellow with darker deciduous
scales, then glabrous ; g. adnate, golden then orange ; s. solid, bul-
bous, floccosely squamulose below ring.

erebia, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. exp. glabrous, rather viscid, lurid umber
then pale, edge striate ; g. adnate ; s. 3 — 4 cm. pallid, apical ring
reflex ed and striate ; sp. — .

ombrophila, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. even, rusty, hygr. ; g. ventri-
cose ; s. 6 — 9 cm. hollow, pallid, ring entire, distant ; sp. 8 x 3 '5.
(13—14x6—7 Sacc.)

var. brunneola, Fr. P. obtuse, brown ; g. narrow.

togularis, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. exp. even, pale ochre ; g. yellowish ;
s. 6 — 9 cm. apex pale, ring median ; sp. 8 x 3'5.

var. Jilaris, Fr. P. thin, campan. exp. obtuse, even, ochre; g.
adnate, ventricose, yellow then pale rusty ; s. filiform, wavy, glabrous,
pallid, ring entire, distant.

Smaller than type, and s. not so yellow.

142 Pholiota.

blattaria, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. exp. subumb. rusty, hygr. edge
striate ; g. rounded and free, ventricose, cinnamon ; s. 2 — 3 cm. equal,
straight, rusty, ring white ; sp. 4 x 2.

* * Spores rusty -fuscous.

dura, Bolton. P. 4 — 5 cm. rather compact, exp. glabrous, at
length cracked into areolae, edge even, tawny then paler ; g. adnate ;
s. 8 — 12 cm. hard, pale ochre, apex mealy, ring somewhat torn ; sp.
8—9 x 5—6.

var. xanthophylla, Bres. G. sulphur yellow then umber; sp.
12—14x7—8.

praecox, Pers. P. 3 — 7 cm. soft, exp. obtuse, even, pallid tan ;
g. crowded, white then fuscescent ; s. 4 — 9 cm. cylindrical, downy
then glabrous, ring white ; sp. 8 — 13 x 6 — 7.

var. minor, Fr. Small ; ring torn, appendiculate.

[phragmatophylla, Guern. P. convex, depr. round broad urnbo,
maroon-bay then paler; g. narrow, adnato-decur. connected by
numerous veins ; s. tinged brown, squamulose, ring persistent,
whitish.

sphaleromorpha, Bull. P. 4 — 7 cm. yellowish, even, soon ex-
panded ; g. rather broad, slightly decur. dry, yellowish then tawny ;
s. 5 — 8 cm. silky, pale, base thickened, ring distant, membranous ;
sp. 10x7.

[gibberosa, Fr. P. exp. dry, tan, umbo darker; g. quite free,
closely crowded ; s. slender, equal, white, ring torn.

B. TRUNCIGENI. Growing on wood, or epiphytic;
often clustered.

* Pileus naked, not scaly but usually rivulose ; gills
pallid then rufous or fuscous.

radicosa, Bull. Smell strong. P. 4 — 9 cm. equal, obtuse, even,
glabrous, spotted, pale greyish tan ; g. free, ventricose; s. 8 — 14 cm.
solid, rooting, mealy above, squarrosely scaly below ring ; sp. 9 x 4*5.

pudica, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. exp. even, dry, glabrous, whitish or
tinged tawny ; s. 3 — 5 cm. solid, even, whitish, ring spreading, per-
sistent ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3'5.

leochroma, Cke. P. 3y-6 cm. exp. glabrous, tawny ; g. adnate ;
s. 6 — 9 cm. nearly equal, solid, whitish, ring sup. tawny ; sp. — .

[radicellata, Gill. P. ovoid then convex, striate, deep yellow-
ochre ; g. numerous, slightly adnexed, colour of p. ; s. white, ring

capistrata, Cke. P. 3 — 5 cm. edge incurved, slightly striate, pale
dingy yellow, rather viscid ; g. subdecur. ; s. 6 — 9 cm. equal, squamu-
lose, whitish, ring sup. spreading ; sp. - .

[cylindracea, D. C. P. convex-gibbous, even, glabrous, rather

Pholiota. 143

viscid, dingy yellow, disc darker ; g. adnexed, crowded, whitish then
rusty ; s. equal, rigid, subsquamulose, whitish, ring persistent apical,
white ; sp. 8 x 5.

aegerita, Fr. P. 4—9 cm. exp. rivulose, rugulose, tawny, edge
pale; g. adnate, pallid then fuscous; s. 8 — 14 cm. equal, silky- white,
ring sup. tumid ; sp. 10x5.

[Brigantii, Fr. P. convex, white, reticulately sulcate then
cracked into wart-like areolae, polygonal, apex truncate and fuscous ;
g. with decur. tooth ; s. solid, equal, white with bay scales, ring
apical subobsolete.

luxurians, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. convex-gibbous then exp. unequal,
silky then squamulose, pale then rufo-fuscous ; g. decur. greyish
flesh-colour then fuscous ; s. 3 — 5 cm. white then tawny, solid, rigid,
floccose, ring apical, imperfect ; sp. 10x4.

* * Pileus scaly, not hygr., gills becoming discoloured.

f Gills pallid then fuscous, olive, clay-coloured,
not pure rusty.

destruens, Brig. P. unequal, yellowish white, with paler large
woolly floccose scales when dry; g. striato-decur. crenulate, broad,
umber at last ; s. solid, narrowed upwards, white-scaly, base swollen
and rooting, ring fugacious ; sp. 8 — 9 x 5 — 6.

Parasitic on living trees.

comosa, Fr. P. 7 — 14 cm. convex, viscid, tawny with whitish
deciduous scales ; g. subdecur. white then brownish tan ; s. 7 — 9 cm.
solid, rather bulbous, white, ring floccose, soon disappearing; sp.
12 x 6. (7-5—8-5 x 5—6 Sacc.)

[magna, Schulz. P. convex-umb. wood-yellow, with broad scat-
tered adpressed scales ; g. sinuate, yellow then umber ; s. cylindrical,
thick, squarrosely scaly, yellowish ; sp. 8 — 1 1 x 4 — 6.

heteroclita, Fr. P. 6 — 14 cm. exp. very obtuse, subexcentric,
whitish or yellowish, with scattered scales ; g. very broad ; s. 6 — 9 cm.
solid, hard, bulbous, rooting, whitish, fibrillose, veil apical ; sp. 8 — 10
xo — 6.

[cerifera, Karst. P. convex, even, upper stratum thick, waxy-
gelatinous, glabrous, yellow, edge white-squamulose at first ; g.
crowded, broad, pallid ; s. central, solid, equal, curved, rooting, hard,
white-squamulose, whitish ; sp. 8 — 10 x 6 — 7.

aurivella, Batsch. P. 7 — 14 cm. campan. convex, gibbous, tawny
yellow, with darker scales, rather viscid ; g. sinuato-adfixed ; s.
8 — 14 cm. curved, with rusty adpressed squamules, ring rather
distant ; sp. 5 x 2'5. (8—9 x 4—5 Sacc.)

var. filamentosa, SchaefF. P. thinner, scales adnate, concentric,
ring floccoso-radiate.

squarrosa, Mull. Smell strong. P. 5 — 9 cm. campan. convex,

144 Pholiota.

exp. dry, rusty saffron, with darker concentric, squarrose, revolute
scales; g. narrow, pallid olive then rusty; s. 6—11 cm. squarrosely
scaly up to ring ; sp. 8x4.

var. Mulleri, Fr. P. obtuse, pallid, adpressedly scaly, moist;
g. fuscescent.

var. refiexa, Schaeff. P. thin, cuspidately umbonate, scaly ; s.
partly hollow, long, equal.

var. verruculosa, Lasch. P. compact, obtuse, yellow, papillate
scales crowded, cinnamon ; s. villosely squamulose.

[humicola, Quel. P. cam pan. convex, pale yellow, spotted ; g.
yellow ; s. slender, fistulose, yellowish, spotted ; sp. 11 — 12 long.

Probably a var. of Pholiota squarrosa.

subsquarrosa, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. convex, viscid, rusty brown with
darker adpressed floccose scales ; g. almost free, crowded, yellow then
dingy tan ; s. 5 — 8 cm. rusty yellow, with darker scales up to zone of
ring; sp. — .

Differs from P. squarrosa in nearly free g.

[djakovensis, Schulz. P. pulvinate-umb. fleshy, edge for a long
time bent down, golden, darker and adpressed scaly at disc, very
viscid in rain ; g. crowded, free, tan then purple-brown, edge entire ;
s. somewhat rooting, ascending, subbulbous, scaly up to ring, colour of
p. ; sp. 4 — 5 long.

[fusca, Q- P- 5 — 8 cin. convex, umb. viscid, brown with buff
flecks near the edge ; g. pale then lilac, at length brown ; s. fibrous-
fleshy, curved, subbulbous, yellowish-white, apex pulverulent, covered
with fine flecks below the floccose annular zone ; sp. 13 long.

ff Gills yellow then pure rusty or tawny.

spectabilis, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. compact, exp. dry, bright tawny
orange then paler, broken up into fibrous scales; g. adnato-decur.
crowded, narrow, yellow then rusty ; s. 6— 9 cm. solid, ventricose,
rooting, ring inf. ; sp. 9 x 4.

A destructive parasite on timber trees.

[villosa, Fr. P. exp. dry, everywhere floccosely villose, yellow
tawny ; g. narrow, yellow ; s. elongated, stout, fibrillose, base thickened,
yellow, ring narrow, entire.

adiposa, Fr. P. 4 — 9 cm. exp. yellow, glutinous, with darker,
concentric, deciduous scales ; g. adnate, broad ; s. 7 — 14 cm. sub-
bulbous, yellow, with darker glutinous squamules ; sp. 7 x 3 — 4.

An injurious parasite to beech and ash.

lucifera, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. then umb. viscid, yellow with
darker adpr. deciduous scales ; g. crenulate, narrow ; s. 3 — 5 cm.
equal, rather squamulose, base rusty, ring inf. ; sp. 8 — 10 x 5 — 6.

[violacea, Vogl. P. convex, viscid, violet, disc darkest; g.
arcuato-decur. brownish, edge eroded; s. dark violet, ring distant,
violet.

flammans, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. exp. subumb. dry, tawny with super-

Pholiota. 145

ficial sulphur squamules ; g. crowded, entire, yellow; s. 5 — 7 cm.
equal, rather wavy, squarrosely scaly up to ring ; sp. 8 x 4. (4 x 2,
Sacc.)

Junonia, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. obtuse, dry, glabrous, yellow or
tawny yellow ; g. yellow then tawny ; s. 5 — 9 cm. solid, equal, incurved,
scurfy above entire ring ; sp. 7 — 9 x 4'5 — 5.

tuberculosa, Schaeff. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. dry, tawny yellow, broken
up into adpressed innate squamules ; g. broad, serrulate ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
incurved, bulbous, ring deciduous ; sp. 7 x 4.

curvipoda, A. and S. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. tawny yellow, torn into
floccose adpressed scales ; g. adnate, broad ; s. 3 — 5 cm. thin, in-
curved, fibrillose, ring floccosely radiating, yellow ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3 — 4.

[Kolaensis, Karst. P. convex-exp. yellow, covered with rusty or
cinnamon indumentum ; g. at first yellowish ; s. incurved, short, rusty
and fibrillosely scaly below.

muricata, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, umbiL dry, yellow with tawny
fasciculate flocci forming a muricate or granular covering ; g. broad,
yellow ; s. thin, squamulose below the fugacious ring.

[tersa, Fr. P. exp. adpressedly squamulose, entirely yellow ; g.
free ; s. elongated, equal, rusty below.

[trichocephala, Trog. P. campan. exp. obtuse, with shining
straw-coloured hair-like squamules ; g. free, distant, white then rusty ;
s. solid, base thickened, glabrous.

cruentata, Cke. and Sm. P. 4 — 5 cm. exp. dry, yellow, breaking
up into darker adpressed scales, edge incurved ; g. yellow then tan ;
s. curved, colour of p. 3 — 5 cm. curved, base dark rea brown, rooting,
ring superior. Flesh red ; sp. - .

* * * Gills cinnamon (not yellow at first).

paxillus, Fr. Entirely cinnamon. P. 7 — 12 cm. convexo-gibbous
then exp. even, moist, rather wavy; g. decur. broad; s. 8 — 14 cm.
solid, elongated, stout, ring narrow, spreading ; sp. - .

dissimulans, B. and Br. P. 2—3 cm. exp. edge involute, often
gibbous or obtusely umb. hygr. slightly viscid, lurid then pale; g.
sinuately adnate ; s. 3—4 cm. thickened downwards, white, ring
superior ; sp. 7 x 4.

confragosa, Fr. P. 3 — 4 cm. exp. hygr. floccosely-scurfy, edge
striate, rufous cinnamon then tawny ; g. adnate, closely crowded ; s.
4 — 5 cm. fistulose, equal, fibrillose below spreading ring ; sp. 8 x 4.

[sublutea, Fl. Dan. P. exp. umb. squamulose, rnoist, edge
striate, yellow ; g. decur. ; s. stuffed, glabrous, yellow, ring spreading.

phalerata, Fr. P. exp. glabrous but with superficial deciduous
pale scales, yellow ; g. adnato-decur. ; s. fasciculately pilose, ad-
pressedly flocculose above distant ring.

mutabilis, Schaeff. P. 2-5 — 9 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, deep
cinnamon then pale; g. adnato-decur. crowded; s. 3 — 9 cm. rigid,
squarrosely scaly up to ring, base dark rusty; sp. 9 — 11 x 5 — 6.

M. F. 10

146 Pholiota—Pluteolus.

[gregaria, Wettst. P. convex then exp. glabrous, edge thin,
striate ; sometimes becoming raised, pale fuscous centre darker ; g.
adnato-decur. broad, crowded, pallid then cinnamon ; s. erect or
curved, fistulose, fibrous, tough, slender, squarrosely squamulose up to
spreading rusty ring, rusty below and pale above ring ; sp. 6 — 8 x 4.

marginata, Batsch. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. glabrous, hygr. edge striate,
honey-colour then pale ; g. adnate, crowded ; s. 3 — 5 cm. not scaly,
ring fugacious, dark base with white velvety down ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

P. mutabilis differs in scaly s.

sororia, Karst. P. convex, exp. slightly striate, squamulose,
tawny-cinnamon ; g. sinuato-adnate, crowded ; s. equal, wavy, colour
of p. then paler, variegated with white squamules, apex scurfy ; sp.
6—7 x 3—4.

Close to Pholiota marginata.

mustelina, Fr. P. 1 — 1*5 cm. campan.-convex, even, glabrous,
dry, yellow then ochre; g. adnate, tawny cinnamon; s. 2 — 2'5 cm.
even, pallid, white-mealy above superior ring, base thickened, with
white down ; sp. — .

unicolor, Fl. Dan. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. campan.-convex, subumb. hygr.
bay then ochre ; g. subtriangular ; s. 3—4 cm. colour of p., ring
slender ; sp. 9 — 10 x 5.

[mellea, Karst. P. convex exp. even, glabrous, honey-colour;
g. crowded, fuscescent ; s. wavy, glabrous, whitish, ring persistent ;
sp. 8— 12x6— 9.

Differs from Pholiota unicolor in colour.

C. MUSCIGENI. Resembling a Galera with
a ring; hygr.

pumila, Fr. P. 1 — 1~5 cm. hemispher. even, ochre; g. adnate,
crowded, broad, yellow then pallid; s. 3 — 4cm. slender, ring fugacious,
forming a zone ; sp. 8 — 10 x 5 — 6.

[muscigena, Q. Honey yellow then pale ochre. P. cauipan.
umb. thin, striate ; g. triquetrous, thin, pale then ochre ; s. slender,
fistulose, fibrillose, slightly striate, cottony at the base ; ring mem-
branous, narrow, saffron-ochre ; sp. 8 — 9 long.

mycenoides, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. campan.-convex, everywhere striate,
hygr. rusty then tawny or pallid ; g. adnate ; s. 3 — 4 cm. rusty,
glabrous, ring white; sp. 8 — 10x5 — 6.

rufidula, Kalchbr. P. exp. depr. not striate, rather rufous brick-
red then pale, white-flocculose at edge ; g. adnate, branched ; s.
watery rufescent, white-fibrillose, ring superior ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 6.

PLUTEOLUS, Fr.

reticulatus, Fr. P. 3 — 4 cm. campan. exp. viscid, reticulated
with raised anastomosing wrinkles, pale violet ; g. free, rusty saffron;
s. 3 — 5 cm. fragile, fibrillose ; sp. 7 x 4.

Pluteolus — Bolbitius. 147

[dictyotus, Kalchbr. Entirely pale ochraceous. P. campan.
exp. urab. dry, with anastomosing raised veins; g. free; s. fragile,
even, glabrous.

Differs from P. reticulatus in colour, and in growing on the
ground.

aleuriatus, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. conical then convexo-plane, viscid,
striate, grey, livid, rosy, &c. ; g. free, ventricose, saffron-ochre ; s.
thin, pulverulent, subincurved, white; sp. — .

BOLBITIUS, Fr.

grandiusculus, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-5 — 5 cm. thin, campan. exp.
slightly striate, pale yellow, disc rufous ; g. free, rusty ochre ; s.
6 — 9 cm. narrowed upwards, hollow, white ; sp. ] 5 x 5 — 6.

vitellinus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. ovate then exp. viscid, egg-yellow,
even then sulcate at the edge ; g. adnexed, ochre then tan ; s. 6 — 7 cm.
equal, white, squamulose, hollow ; g. 10 x 6.

Differs from B.flamdm in white stem, and from B. Boltoni in
clear yellow p. not depressed at disc.

Boltoni, Fr. P. 3— 4cm. viscid, even, edge becoming sulcate,
yellow then pale, disc darker and subdepr. ; g. subadnate, yellow
then livid fuscous ; s. 4 — 5 cm. narrowed upwards, yellowish, at first
flocculose ; sp. 14x8.

flavidus, Bolton. P. 2 — 4 cm. glutinous, conical then exp. disc
a little elevated, pale yellow, edge striate; g. almost free, yellow
then brownish ; s. 4—6 cm. slightly tapering, yellow; sp. 10 x 6.

fragilis, Fr. P. 1*5 — 2'5 cm. viscid, pellucid, edge striate, sub-
umb. yellow then pale; g. yellowish then pale cinnamon ; s. 4 — 7 cm.
narrowed upwards, naked, glabrous, yellow ; sp. 7 x 3'5. (14 — 15 x 8 — 9
Sacc.)

[bulbillosus, Fr. P. convex-campan. exp. not striate, pale
yellowish fuscous ; g. free, ventricose, rusty ; s. attenuated upwards
from a somewhat marginate bulb, whitish yellow, glabrous ; sp.
10—14x8.

affi.ni.3, Mass. (sp. nov.) P. 1 — 2 cm. campan. then exp. umb.
glabrous, dry, edge striate, yellowish tawny like the narrow, adnexed
g. ; s. 4 — 7 cm. attenuated upwards from a marginate bulb, white,
shining ; sp. 8 x 6.

Differs from B. bulbillosus in the pure white s., and umbonate,
striate, tawny yellow p. which is whitish when dry.

[conocepnalus, Bull. P. 1 — 2 cm. conico-campan. fragile, slightly
striate, viscid at the apex, creamy yellow; g. free, ventricose, be-
coming ochre ; s. slender, elongated, pruinose at the apex, white ; sp.
10 long.

titubans, Bull. P. 2 — 3 cm. ovoid-campan. thin, glabrous, dia-
phanous, yellow, becoming striate, plaited and greyish at the edge ;
g. free, yellow then reddish or ochre ; s. hollow, slender, very fragile,
3—5 cm. mealy, white, shining; sp. 12—14x8.

10—2

148 'Bolbitius — Inocybe.

apicalis, W. G. Sm. P. 2 —3 cm. high, conical, not exp. striate
and brown up to ochre disc ; g. free, rusty ; s. 3 cm. base thickened,
striate, white ; sp. 9 x 6—7.

rivillosus, B. and Br. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. striate, rivulose,
dingy tan ; g. cinnamon ; s. 5 — 7 cm. narrowed upwards, smooth,
white ; sp. 10—12 x 6—7.

niveus, Mass. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. obtusely umb. smooth, rather
viscid, edge striate, pure white ; g. free, salmon-colour ; s. 7 — 9 cm.
clavato-bulbous and gradually narrowed upwards ; sp. salmon-colour,
18 x 9—10.

tener, Berk. P. 1 — 2 cm. long, not exp. even, smooth, moist,
yellowish-white ; g. nearly free, salmon-colour ; s. 3 — 6 cm. clavato-
bulbous, white; sp. salmon-colour, 15 — 16x8 — 10.

luteolus, Lasch. Very thin, p. campan. plicato-sulcate, yellow ;
g. free, yellow then livid ; s. filiform, glabrous, pallid.

pusillus, Borsz. Very thin, campan. sulcato-plicate above middle,
viscid ; g. free, cinnamon ; s. pale yellow, white-squamulose.

purifluus, Lasch. P. very thin, exp. flocculose, sulcate, yellow ;
g. free, narrow, subochraceous ; s. narrowed, mealy, yellowish.

| Ozonii, Schulz. P. thin, conico-campan. exp. disc even, cin-
namon or fuscous, rest pale ochre and densely striate ; g. adnexed,
closely crowded, pale then colour of p.; s. 2 — 6 springing from
a common fleshy mass, or solitary and subbulbous, white ; sp. 7 — 1 1
X5.

INOCYBE, Fr.

A. SQUARROSI. Pileus at first squarrose, stem
scaly, both somewhat fuscous.

hystrix, Fr. P. 4—7 cm. convexo-plane, mouse-colour, with
revolute, squarrose scales ; g. grey then fuscous ; s. 4 — 7 cm. thickened
upwards, with rings of reflexed scales, pale above ring; sp. 10 x 5.

relicina, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. conico-exp. with squarrose tomentose
scales, sooty; g. yellow then olive; s. 4 — 5 cm. solid, equal, floccosely
scaly; sp. -- .

calamistrata, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2 — 4 cm. campan. obtuse>
squarrose with rigid recurved scales, brown ; g. white then rusty ; s.
4 — 5 cm. solid, rigid, base blue, squarrosely scaly everywhere, fuscous ;
8p. lo—li x 5. Flesh reddish.

hirsuta, Lasch. P. 1'5— 2'5 cm. conico-campan. acute, squarrose
with scales formed of fascicles of hairs, fuscous-ochre, disc sometimes
greenish; g. narrow, pallid then fuscous; s. 4 — 7 cm. solid, slender,
floccosely scaly above, base greenish ; sp. - - .

lanuginosa, Bull. P. 1 — 2 cm. hemispher. exp. obtuse, floccosely
scaly, those of disc erect, umber then yellowish; g. toothed, pallid
then clay -colour; s. 2 — 3 cm. thin fibrillosely scaly, apex with white
meal; sp. rough, 8 or 10 ; 12 x 5 (Cke.)

Inocybe. 149

squarrosula, Karst. ( = Clypeus, Karat.) P. convex then plane,
obtuse, fibrillose, fuscescent, disc squarrosely squamulose, fuscous;
g. crowded, white-crenulate ; a. equal, brownish-squamulose ; sp.
10 x 7—8.

dulcamara, A. and S. P. 3 — 5 cm. convex, umb. pilosely-scaly,
fuscous-olive ; g. pallid then olive ; s. 2 — 3 cm. fibrillosely squamulose
from the veil, apex mealy; sp. 8 — 10 x 5.

plumosa, Bolton. P. 2 — 4 cm. convexo-plane, disc with erect
pilose fascicles, edge fibrillose, mouse-grey; g. quite entire, whitish
then smoky; s. 3 — 6 cm. slender, wavy, floccosely scaly, apex-naked;
sp. 8 — 9 x 4 — 5.

cincinnata, Fr. P. 1-5 — 2'5 cm. convexo-plane, squarrosely
squamose, somewhat fuscous; g. fuscous violet; s. 2 — 3 cm. solid,
slender, scaly; sp. 7 — 8. (8 — 10 x 5 Sacc.)

haemacta, B. and Cke. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. obtuse, floccosely
fibrillose with dark fibrils, disc scaly and darker; g. dingy tan; s.
4 — 5 cm. scarcely fibrillose, whitish above, tinged verdegris at base ;
sp. 8 x 4 — 5.

Flesh turning blood-red when bruised.

leucocephala, Boud. P. white, convex, entirely covered with
erect scales ; g. free, broad, fawn ; s. short, white, coarsely fibrillose
throughout; sp. rough, 9—11 x 6 — 8.

B. LACERI. Pileus torn into scales or fibrils (not crack-
ing} ; stem coloured, paler than pileus, fibrillose.

pyriodora, Pers. Smell pleasant. P. 4 — 7 cm. umb. adpressedly
fibroso-scaly, fuscous ochre then pale; g. emarginate, rather distant;
s. 6 — 10cm. solid, equal, fibrillose, pale, apex pruinose; sp. 10x6.
Flesh with red tinge.

[corydalina, Q. Strong-scented. P. whitish, umbo bluish-green ;
g. narrow, white then fuscous ; stem white pruinose ; sp. 10 long.

var. roseolus, Pat. Larger than type. P. entirely bluish green,
edge white-append. ; flesh tinged rosy.

[violascens, Q. P. splitting, fawn, umbo lilac ; g. lilac; s. hollow,
white, apex striate, lilac, ring floccose, white; sp. 12 — 15 long.

incarnata, Bres. P. 4 — 7 cm. campan. convex, broadly umb.
fibrillose then squamulose, edge fimbriate, yellowish then tinged red ;
g. sinuate, edge fimbriate becoming spotted or tinged red ; s. 4 — 6 cm.
fibrillose, rosy, apex white and mealy; sp. 10 x 6.

scaber, Fr. P. 3 — 4 cm. conico-convex, obtusely gibbous, with
scattered adpressed fibrillose scales, smoky then pallid ; g. crowded,
somewhat smoky; s. 2 — 3 cm. thick, equal, silky fibrillose ; sp. 11x5,
Cke. ; 7 x 3—4, Pat.

var. Jirma, Fr. P. fuscous tan with fuscous scales ; s. velvety.

maritima, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, exp. flocculosely fibrillose,
hygr. umber then grey ; g. broad, grey then rusty ; s. 2 — 3 cm. solid,
floccosely fibrillose, smoky ; sp. rough, 9 — 10.

150 Inocybe.

violaceafusca, Cke. and Mass. P. 2 — 5 cm. convex then exp.
obtusely umb. concentrically scaly, fibrillose, dry, umber, edge torn ;
g. violet then umber, edge paler, serrulate; s. 4—6 cm. equal, smooth,
violet above; sp. 7 — 8x4.

lacera, Fr. P. 2—4 cm. convex, exp. obtusely umb. fibrillosely
scaly, mouse-grey then pale ; g. broad pale rufescent then mouse-
grey ; s. 3 — 4 cm. fuscous-fibrillose, apex naked, red inside; sp. 12 x 6.

Distinguished from /. scabra and /. mutica by being reddish
inside of s.

[abjecta, Karst. P. convex exp. even, fuscescent, white-fibrous,
disc fibrously scaly; g. adnate, broad, ventricose in front, cinnamon
tinged olive ; s. pallid, white-floccose, apex white-pruinose ; sp.
10—13 x 5—7.

[triyialis, Karst. P. conico-campan. exp. usually depr. obtusely
umb. rimose, disc sometimes scaly pallid or mouse-colour changing
to bay ; g. crowded ; s. solid, equal, subrufescent, at length dusky
outside and inside, not bulbous; sp. 10 — 12x4 — 5.

[rhodiola, Bresad. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. fibrillosely scaly
then almost glabrous, rufous-umber then pale; g. becoming rusty-
olive, edge white-pruinose, becoming rufous spotted; s. fibrillose,
subequal, apex glabrous tinged yellow, reddish downwards, spotted
reddish when bruised; flesh whitish, base of s. red; sp. 10 — 12 x 6 — 7.

fasciata, Cke. and Mass. Caespitose. P. 4 — 7 cm. campan. -
convex, pale tan disc rufous, silky, covered with small, dark, squarrose
scales; g. pallid; s. 4 — 7 cm. fibrillose, reddish outside and inside at
base, rest pallid, solid ; sp. rough, 10x6.

[rufoalba, Pat. and Doass. P. convex, mammillate, brown, silky
white tomentum everywhere except umbo ; g. nearly free, rusty
brown; s. equal, pubescent, rusty, not bulbous; sp. rough, 9 — 10
x4— 5.

flocculosa, Berk. Smell strong. P. T5 — 2'5 cm. umb. subcampan.
silkily squamulose, tawny brown ; g. fawn then rusty ; s. 2 — 3 cm.
fibrillose, reddish, pulverulent above ; sp. 10 x 5 — 6.

Bongardii, Weinm. Smell pleasant, like bergamot. P. 2 — 5 cm.
campan. obtuse, disc scaly, fibrillose towards edge, fuscous then pale ;
g. broad, pale reddish then cinnamon ; s. 4 — 9 cm. solid, rigid, pallid
rufous, silky and red below, apex with white meal ; sp. 10 — 12 x 6.

[Merletii, Q. P. convex, hoary, virgate with brownish fibrils ;
g. milky white then brownish fawn ; s. whitish, stuffed, fibrillosely
striate, ring floccose, white ; sp. 11 — 14 long.

[capucina, Fr. P. conico-campan. acute, everywhere fibrillosely
scaly, dusky fuscous, edge paler; g. adnate, crowded, fuscous; s. solid,
short, fibrillose, fuscous; sp. rough, 10.

[cucullata, C. Mart. Smell like camphor. P. variable in form,
campan. campan. -con vex, sometimes irreg. scaly, tawny, disc darker ;
g. broad, edge white, serrulate ; s. subequal, hollow, glabrous, paler
than p. ; sp. smooth.

[asinina, Kalchbr. P. convex then plane, rather gibbous, ad-

Inocybe. 151

pressedly fibrillose, hoary then rufescent tan ; g. greyish yellow then
cinnamon ; s. solid, brownish tan, loosely fibrillose and cingulate from
the superior veil.

[connexifolia, Gill. Smell like ripe fruit. P. conical then exp.
umb. with adpressed fibrillose scales especially at centre ; g. arcuate,
connected by veins, whitish, olive-rufous, finally cinnamon ; s. fibrously
squamulose, white then tinged pink, white above; sp. smooth. Flesh
reddish when cut.

mutica, Fr. P. 2—4 cm. convex then plane, very obtuse then
depr. squamulose, whitish, fuscous-fibrillose ; g. adnate. crowded ;
s. hollow, pale straw-colour then fuscescent ; sp. 8 x 5. (6x4 Sacc.)

carpta, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex exp. depr. dingy fuscous, with
woolly filaments ; g. broad, fuscous brown ; s. 2 — 4 cm. fibrillosely
woolly, hollow, narrowed downwards; sp. 8 — 10x5.

[tenebrosa, Q. P. campan. cracked into squamules, umber;
s. fibrillosely striate, blackish olive, apex whitish ; sp. 7 — 8 long.

deglubens, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convexo-plane, umb. torn into
adpressed fibrils, disc rather scaly, rufous bay then yellowish ; g.
dingy then cinnamon; s. 4 — 6 cm. solid, pallid, apex with dark scurf;
sp. 10 x 6.

Differs from /. larera in dark scurfy apex of s.

pbscura, Pers. P. T5 — 2 '5 cm. campan. then plane, umb. longi-
tudinally fibrillose, disc scaly, blue then fuscous ; g. olive then brown ;
s. 3 — 4 cm. fibrillose, brownish violet; sp. 9 — 10 x 5 — 6.

var. rvfus, Pat. P. brownish rufous, g. ventricose, violet.

[Q-aillardii, Gill. P. convex then exp. umbo and around scurfy,
margin torn, reddish rusty; g. crowded, free, broad, colour of p.;
s. slender, paler than p. ; sp. globose with long slender spines.

[calospora, Q. P. minutely squamulose, brownish; g. milk-white;
s. slender, slightly bulbous, pruinose, whitish rufous ; sp. glob, strongly
aculeate, 10.

[hirtella, Bres. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. edge soon splitting,
yellowish straw-colour, densely covered with darker pilose scales ;
g. adnate, whitish then fuscescent, edge white-mealy; s. white be-
coming tinged straw-colour with a subterranean subbulbous base;
sp. 10—12 x 6.

Allied to /. calospora, Q.

echinata, Roth. P. 2—5 cm. campan. then exp. pulverulent
then scaly, silky, dingy brownish yellow ; g. nearly or quite free, deep
rose to blood-red ; s. 3 — 5 cm. floccosely pulverulent up to imperfect
ring, dull red, hollow; sp. 5x3.

C. RIMOSI. Pileus longitvidinally fibrillose, soon cracked,
often adpressedly scaly; stem whitish, paler than
pileus, fibrillose.

schista, Cke. and Sm. P. 4 — 7 cm. campan. broadly subumb.
cracking longitudinally, fibrillose, bay brown ; g. adnate, rufous,

152 Inocybe.

edge pale, serrate ; s. 6 — 7 cm. stout, equal, twisted, solid, paler
than p.; sp. — .

fibrosa, Sow. P. 7 — 9 cm. campan. umbo broad, silky, even then
cracked, edge wavy, pallid ; g. free, crowded, dingy ochre, edge
uneven; s. 4 — 12 cm. solid, narrowed upwards, striate, flocculosely
scaly above ; sp. slightly rough, 12 — 14 x 6.

/. perlata differs in darker p. and smooth sp.

phaeocephala, Bull. P. 3—5 cm. conico-campan. umb. wavy,
squamulose, bay then sooty ; g. free, arcuate, umber ; s. 5 — 7 cm.
solid, somewhat bulbous ; colour of p. above, below white and downy;
sp. 6x4.

[jurana, Pat. P. umb. cracked and torn, fibrillose, rather
squamulose towards the edge, reddish violet, disc deep violet ;
g. broad, ochraceous; s. tall, fibrous, apex pruinose, violet down-
wards ; sp. 10 x 6.

fastigiata, Schaeff. P. 3 — 5 cm. thin, conico-campan. longi-
tudinally fibrous and cracked, edge often lobed, yellow brown; g. free,
fuscous-olive; s. 6—9 cm. solid, stout, rather twisted, silky-fibrous;
sp. rough, 8 — 10 x 6 — 8.

/. pyriodora differs in smell and reddish flesh.

[praetervisa, Q. P. campan. fibrillosely virgate, fawn ; g. milk-
white then fawn ; s. pubescent, pale straw-colour ; sp. warted,
10— 11 x5— 6.

[Godeyi, Gillet. Smell strong, unpleasant. P. campan. edge
slightly incurved, scaly and fibrillosely rimose, dingy yellow then
tinged reddish-ochre as is every part of fungus more or less ; g. free,
pale olive ; s. rather floccose at apex, colour of p. flesh white, tinging
red ; sp. 6—8 x 3 — 4.

[Cookei, Bres. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. edge becoming up-
turned and split, fibrillose and silkily rimose, centre glabrous, straw-
colour then lurid yellowish ; g. crowded, attenuato-adnexed, greyish
white then yellowish cinnamon ; y. colour of p. silky fibrillose, base
marginately subbulbous, apex naked ; sp. 8 — 10 x 5.

Allied to /. fastigiata.

hiulca, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. conico-exp. umb. fibrillose, cracked into
scales, fuscous or olive ; g. broad, becoming olive ; s. 4 — 7 cm. rigid,
silky fibrillose, apex and flesh pinkish white, with white meal; sp.
8—10 x 5.

Curreyi, Berk. P. 3 — 5 cm. convex then exp. longitudinally
fibrillose, squamulose at disc rather cracked, pale yellow brown ;
g. yellowish then tinged olive ; s. 4 — 7 cm. rather fibrillose, colour of
p. solid, flesh dingy ; sp. 11x6.

Differs from /. pyriodora in absence of smell, and from /. fasti-
giata in smooth sp.

perlata, Cke. P. 6 — 9 cm. convex then exp. broadly umb. longi-
tudinally fibrous with darker fibrils, fuscous, edge paler, incurved,
disc very dark; g. adnexed, pale umber; s. 6 — 9 cm. sometimes
twisted, striate, pallid ; sp. 8 — 9 x 6.

Differs from /. schista in umber gills.

Inocybe. 153

[maculata, Boud. P. campan. then exp. umb. silky-fibrillose,
cracked, dingy fawn-colour, and with concentric white adpr. scales ;
g. almost free, fawn with olive tinge ; s. fibrillose, paler than p. apex
scurfy ; 1 0 — 1 3 x 5 — 6.

Differs from /. rimosa in the white scales on p.

rimosa, Bull. P. 3 — 5 cm. campan. silky-fibrous, longitudinally
cracked when exp. yellow brown ; g. free ; s. 4 — 7 cm. solid, firm,
almost glabrous; sp. smooth, 10 — 11x6.

/. eutheles differs in being umbonate, and /. pyriodora in strong
smell.

[albipes, Gill. P. exp. plane, mammilate, fibrillosely rivulose,
edge wavy, dingy yellow disc darker ; g. free, crowded ; s. entirely
white, squamulose ; sp. rough.

asterospora, Q. P. 3—5 cm. campan. subumb. silkily fibrous,
longitudinally cracked when dry, yellow brown, or umber ; g. almost
free ; s. 4 — 7 cm. slightly submarginately subbulbous, solid, pallid or
pinkish tinge; sp. subgl. warted, 10 — 11. (7 — 10x5 — 8 Sacc.)

Differs from /. rimosa in spores.

[proximella, Karst. P. exp. umb. rimose and torn into fibres,
pallid, umb. darker ; g. adnate, crowded, ventricose ; s. subfibrillose,
pallid, flesh white, no trace of bulb ; sp. warted, 8 — 9 x 5 — 6.

Differs from Ino. asterospora in absence of bulb, curved fibrillose
stem, etc.

[umbrina, Bres. P. campan.-convex, plane, umb. chestnut brown,
rather viscid, woolly-fibrillose at length rimose, disc sometimes slightly
warted ; g. crowded, lurid citrin then reddish cinnamon, edge darker;
s. fibrillose, colour of p. subbulbous ; sp. substellate, 7 — 8 x 5 — 6.

Close to /. asterospora, Q.

eutheles, B. and Br. P. 3 — 5 cm. campan. exp. strongly umb.
undulate, shining, silky, squamulose, fawn ; g. broadly adnate,
pallid, edge whitish, toothed ; s. 4 — 7 cm. equal, striate, pallid ;
sp. 10—11x5.

Differs from /. fastigiata in adnate gills, and from /. curreyi
in strong umbo and adnate g.

margaritispora, Berk. P. 3 — 5 cm. campan. then exp. wavy,
broadly umb. silky, with adpressed fibrillose scales, fawn ; g. adnexed,
pallid ; s. 6 — 9 cm. equal, fibrillose, pallid ; sp. warted, 8.

Differs from /. eutheles in globose, warted s., and from /. astero-
spora in squamulose p.

destricta, Fr. P. 3 — 6 cm. campan.-exp. umb. cracked, fibrillose,
then torn into scales, pallid then rufescent; g. uncinato-adnate ;
s. 4 — 5 cm. solid, glabrous, fibrillose, striate, reddish-white ; sp. 8 x 4.

Differs from /. rimosa by adnexed g. and reddish s. /. astero-
spora differs in warted globose sp.

perbrevis, Weinm. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, obtusely umb. fibrously
scaly, edge rather striate at length splitting, fuscous then yellowish
rufous ; g. uncinato-adnexed ; s. 2 — 2%5 cm. pallid, white-fibrillose,
base rather narrowed ; sp. 10 — 12 x 5.

154 Inocybe.

[putilla, Bres. P. conico-campan. then exp. umb. silky-fibrillose,
surface at length cracked and torn, tan or greyish-brown, or fuscous
then pale, edge persistently lurid whitish; g. sinuato-adnate, white
then tan, edge crenulate ; s. very faintly tinged rose, white-fibrillose
then glabrous, apex white- scurfy, base rather narrowed ; sp. angular,
8—10x6—7.

descissa, Fr. P. 1'5 — 2 cm. conico-campan. fibrillose, splitting
open, whitish fuscescent ; g. almost free, crowded, whitish then
fuscescent ; s. 3 — 4 cm. partly hollow, equal, undulate, fibrillose, apex
white-pulverulent ; sp. 8 x 4 — 5.

Resembling /. geophylla but slenderer ; s. white outside and

var. auricoma, Batsch. Smaller. P. yellowish, edge striate ;
g. adfixed, ventricose white then fuscous.

[grammata, Q. P. campan. fibrous-striate, whitish then fawn;
g. tawny ; s. striate, tonientose, shining white then rosy ; sp. rough, 1 0.

[brunnea, Q. P. umb. fibrillosely silky, chestnut; s. fibrilloso-
striate, fuscous, apex white, pruinose ; sp. 12 long.'

[grata, Weinm. P. conico-campan. fibrillose, umbonate, cracked
when exp. whitish- or yellowish-rufescent, scaly disc darker ; g.
crowded, olive then pallid fuscescent ; s. shining, fibrillose, wavy,
whitish rufescent.

Trinii, Weinm. Smell like clove-pinks. P. 1 — 2 cm. hemispher.
obtuse, longitudinally rufescent-h'brillose, whitish-rufescent, t;iwny
when dry ; g. rounded, ventricose, cinnamon, edge white-floccose ;
s. 2 — 4 cm. equal, slender, loosely rufous-fibrillose, powdered with
white ; sp. rough, 9 — 10.

D. VELUTINI. Pileus not rimose, cuticle of interwoven
fibrils, almost smooth, or adpressedly scaly, disc even ;
stem polished, glabrous, whitish, apex mealy.

sambucina, Fr. White, smell strong. P. 4 — 7 cm. firm, convex,
exp. obtuse, silky fibrillose, even, sometimes tinged yellow ; g.
crowded, whitish ; s. 3 — 4 cm. stout, solid, glabrous, striate, white ;
sp. 11—12x6.

caesariata, Fr. P. T5 — 3 cm. convex exp. gibbous, somewhat
tawny, ochraceous-fibrillose or subsquamulose ; g. entire, pale ochre ;
s. 3 — 6 cm. solid, equal, fibrillose, pale ochre ; sp. 8 x 4. (10 — 12 x 5
Sacc.)

[delecta, Karst. ( = I. caesariata, var. fibrillosa, Fr.). P. exp.
even, fibrillosely scaly, dingy tawny- or rufous-honeycolour, paler
when dry ; g. at length fuscous, edge paler and floccoso-crenate ;
s. solid, dingy yellow or pallid, white-fibrillose ; sp. — .

[subgranulosa, Karst. P. convex then exp. or slightly depr.
obsoletely umb. even, pale ochre, disc more especially with minute
erect dark squamules ; g. adnate, greenish- then brownish-cinnamon ;
s. hollow, curved or wavy, paler than p. ; sp. 7 — 9 x 4 — 6.

Inocybe. 155

lucifuga, Pr. Smell strong. P. 2—3 cm. convex-plane, subumb.
adpressedly fibrilloso-squamulose, fuscous or olive then pale ; g.
yellowish white then olive ; s. 3 cm. solid, firm, equal, glabrous, apex
rather pruinose ; sp. 10x6.

[decipiens, Bres. P. exp. umb. floccosely silky, disc smooth then
broken up into scales, cinnamon ochre ; g. greyish white then lurid
cinnamon ; s. glabrous, apex slightly pruinose, rather striate, pallid ;
sp. rough, 1 1 — 14 x 6 — 8.

[tomentella, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, fibrillosely tomentose,
brownish ; g. subadnate ; s. solid, equal, white, apex pruinose, with
a cortinate median annular zone, otherwise glabrous.

sindonia, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. thin, conico-convex, obtusely gibbous,
velvety-villose, dingy white or yellowish, edge appendiculate ; g.
lanceolate, whitish then fuscous ; s. 4 — 7 cm. with a separate pith
which disappears, then hollow, almost glabrous ; sp. 7 x 4. (10 x 5
Sacc.)

Differs from /. geophylla in larger size and hollow s.

[cortinata, Roll. P. campan. then exp. strongly umb. whitish
straw-colour, umb. darker, becoming rimose, white veil at margin;
g. adnato-decur. dingy ochre, edge flocculose, paler; s. white, fibrilloso-
striate, curved, ring median.

Perhaps a cortinate form of I. sindonia.

Clarkii, B. and Br. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. obtuse, whitish, silky ;
g. adnexed, pallid, edge white ; s. 3 — 5 cm. nearly equal, solid, white ;
sp. 8 — 10 x 6.

Differs from 7. sindonia in solid s. and pale g.

geophylla, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. conical then exp. umb. even, silky-
fibrillose, white or lilac ; g. adnexed, crowded, dingy white then
umber ; s. 4 — 6 cm. equal, firm, apex with white meal, veil fibrillose ;
sp. 7—8 x 4.

7. scabella differs in brownish squamulose p.

var. fulva, Pat. P. rufous-ochre, edge paler; sp. 8 — 10 x 5.

var. violacea, Pat. P. violet ; sp. 10x5.

[commixta, Bres. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. shining white
or tinged grey ; fibrillosely silky, edge often split, dry ; g. closely
crowded, free, white then greyish cinnamon ; s. solid, white, equal,
apex scurfy, base minutely turbinately bulbous ; sp. angular, 10x7.

Closely resembling 7. geophylla, differing in base of s. and
angular sp.

[umbratica, Q. Shining white. P. umb. silky-pruinose ; g. white
then rosy-fawn ; s. flocculose ; sp. rough, 8 — 10.

scabella, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. then plane, dry, torn into
squamulose fibrils, umbo obtuse, even, glabrous, rufescent or yellowish;
g. adnexed, dingy ; s. 3 — 4 cm. glabrous, rufescent or pallid, apex
pruinose ; sp. rough, 10 x 7.

[debilipes, Karst. P. conico-convex, exp. pallid fuscous then
rather rusty, everywhere torn into scales which become stuck down,
then rimose ; g. adnexed, crowded, pallid rusty, edge fuscous-crenu-

156 Inocybe.

late ; s. wavy, pallid, spotted with minute fuscescent squamules ;
sp. 7_9x5— 6.

[confusa, Karst. P. exp. umb. glabrous, cuticle cracked, fibril-
lose, rusty, tawny yellow or bay; g. crowded, yellowish then olive;
s. solid, firm, nearly glabrous, pale ; sp. 10 — 12 x 6.

[inconcina, Karst. P. exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, innately
fibrillose, rusty then pale ; g. sinuato-adnate, crowded, pale olive
then rusty, edge paler and floccosely creuulate; s. equal, wavy, pallid,
apex white-pruinose ; sp. 8 — 13 x 5 — 6.

[curvipes, Karst. P. exp. obtuse, adpressedly fibrillose or
squamulose, brownish ; g. aduexed, crowded ; s. curved, wavy or
twisted, narrowed below, fibrillose, pallid ; sp. rough, 9 — 15 x 5 — 7.

[conformata, Karst. P. exp. uinb. slightly adpressedly floccosely
squamulose, rusty or brownish then pale ; g. adnexed, ventricose,
pallid then brownish ; s. equal, rather wavy, minutely fibrillosely
flocculose ; sp. 8—10 x 4 — 5.

[pusio, Karst. P. exp. uinb. fibroso-rimose, pallid fuscous ; g.
adnexed with decur. tooth, tan ; s. apex pruinose and at first violet,
usually wavy; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 6.

[flavella, Karst. P. acutely conical then exp. acutely umb.
innately fibrillosely rimose, glabrous, yellowish, rather shining ; g.
crowded, yellowish then olive, edge paler, floccosely crenulate ; s.
solid, equal, wavy, apex white-flocculose, yellowish white ; sp.
12—14 x 4—6.

[fulvella, Bres. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. silky-flocculose,
centre glabrous, olivaceous honey-colour then brownish olive, uaibo
darker; g. lilac then tan, edge fhnbriate ; s. lilac then rufescent,
glabrous, wavy.

subrimosa, Mass. (Clypem subrimostis, Karst.). P. 2—3 cm.
conico-campan. umbo prominent, edge often wavy, even, glabrous,
then longitudinally fibrillose and cracked, bay or rusty ochre ; g.
dingy tan ; s. 4 — 5 cm. solid, equal, polished, with a minute margiuate
bulb, white, mealy; sp. 10—12, spiny.

mamillaris, Pass. P. convex, mammillate, squamulose; g. emar-
ginato-adnexed; s. hollow, equal, flexuous; sp. smooth.

Eenneyi, B. and Br. P. 1 — 2 cm. hemispher. slightly fibrillose,
disc brown, rest fawn ; g. rounded behind, dingy ochre ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
slightly narrowed downwards, fibrillose, solid, paler than p. ; sp. rough,
12x7—8.

var major, B. and Br. Colour of type, but larger; g. broadly
adnate.

E. VISCIDI. Pileus almost smooth, viscid.

trechispora, Berk. P. convex then exp. umb. viscid, soon dry
and silky, umbo brownish rest whitish; g. pinkish grey; s. 3 — 4 cm.
equal, often rather wavy, whitish, mealy ; sp. 7 x 5 — 6.

Differs from /. geophylla in dark umbo and rough sp.

Inocybe — Hebeloma. 157

[viscosissima, Fr. ( = /. umhonata, Q.) P. convex acutely
umb. umber-brown, dripping with gluten then silky ; g. rounded and
free, ventricose, rufescent; s. equal, glabrous, pallid; sp. - .

Allied to /. trechispora, differing in being very glutinous and in
rounded free gills.

[imbecilis, Pass. P. glabrous, rather viscid, white then clay-
colour; g. whitish then rusty-rose; s. solid, long, cylindrical, watery,
with white meal above.

vatricosa, Fr. P. 1 — 1'5 cm. convex then plane, subumb. glabrous,
viscid, silky at margin, whitish; g. white then fuscescent; s. 2 — 3 cm.
fistulose, contorted, pulverulent; sp. - .

Habit of /. geophylla but smaller and viscid at first.

Whitei, B. and Br. P. T5 — 2'5 cm. convex, tawny, edge whitish,
at length exp. and all tawny, fibrillose, rather viscid ; g. white then
pallid ; s. 2 — 3 cm. slightly thickened at base, white then brownish ;
sp. 9x4.

tricholoma, A. and S. Whitish. P. 2 — 4 cm. piano- depr. rather
viscid, with adpr. white fibrils, edge strigosely fringed; g. decur.;
s. 3—4 cm. slender, squamulose above ; sp. rough, 4.

strigiceps, Fr. P. convex-obtuse then exp. strigosely silky with
long fibrils, rufescent, edge at first involute, strigosely ciliate; g.
adnato-decur. ; s. stuffed, downy, white.

var. eriocephala, Fr. P. yellowish-white, silky, with appendiculate
white down at edge ; g. adnate ; s. fistulose, becoming compressed.

HEBELOMA, Fr.

A. INDUSIATT. Veil evidently cortinate, hence the pileus

is often superficially silky near the margin.

mussivum, Fr. P. 5 — 10 cm. convex exp. obtuse, viscid, at length
squamulose, yellow disc often brownish; g. emarginate, yellowish;
s. 8—12 cm. solid, equal, entirely fibrillose, yellowish, apex rather
pruinose; sp 12x6.

sinuosum, Fr. P. 7 — 14 cm. exp. wavy, viscid, even, almost
glabrous, yellowish or pale brick-red then pale ; g. emarginato-free,
broad, palfid then rusty; s. 8 — 13 cm. hollow, stout, fibrous, soft, white
floccosely- scaly above; sp.

fastibile, Fr. Smell unpleasant. P. 4—7 cm. compact, exp.
wavy, viscid, glabrous, pale yellowish tan; g. emarginate, rather
distant, pallid then cinnamon, lacrymose; s. 4 — 7 cm. subbulbous,
white, fibrously scaly, veil evident; sp. 10 x 6.

var. alba, Fr. S. longer, equal, partly hollow, apex fibrously
scaly; g. distant.

var. elegans, Lindgr. Edge of p. sulcate or rugoso-plicate. Form

B. Pileus purple-brown.

senescens, Batsch. P. 4 — 9 cm. exp. rather viscid, ochre or
flesh-colour with tinge of rust, rusty yellow when old, edge crisped,

158 Hebeloma.

hoary; g. dusky rust colour; s. 6 — 9 cm. thinner and whitish upwards,
scaly and darker below; sp. 10 x 6.

glutinosum, Lindg. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. glutinous, with white
superficial scales, yellowish white, discoid; g. crowded, yellowish
then cinnamon; s. 6 — 7 cm. subbulbous, whitish squamulose, apex
mealy; sp. 10 — 12x5.

testaceum, Batsch. Smells like radishes. P. 3 — 5 cm. campan. -
couvex, even, rather viscid, brick-red then pale, rather opaque ; g.
nearly free, crowded, rusty ; s. 6 — 7 cm. hollow, subbulbous, floccosely
fibrillose, pallid, apex mealy; sp. 10 x 5 — 6.

[rubrum, Otth. P. campan. then conico-exp. splitting into
shreds, clear red, yellowish when dry ; flesh reddish ; g. free ; s. equal,
fibrous, often slightly bulbous, colour of p.

firmum, Pers. P. 4—7 cm. campan. exp. umb. viscid, brick-red,
discoid ; g. dry, edge white toothed ; s. 4 — 7 cm. solid, pallid, every-
where floccosely scaly; sp. 10 x 5.

[mitratum, Fr. P. campan. -gibbous, viscid, often cracked, yellow-
ish brick-red, umbo prominent, stout, fuscous then pale, g crowded,
sinuato-adnate; s. solid or becoming hollow, equal, yellowish- white,
fibrous, dusky yellow from veil.

claviceps, Fr. P. 2—5 cm. convex, exp. disc gibbous, even,
naked, pallid; g. dry, pallid; s. 4 — 7 cm. equal, everywhere white
mealy, fuscous downwards; sp. 10 — 11 x5.

Differs from H. firmum in dark base of s. and paler g.

[fusipes, Bres. Smell like spirit of wine. P. convex-gibbous,
edge broadly incurved, viscid, glabrous, tinged tan ; g. broad, edge
white-fimbriate; s. pallid, base fusiformly rooting; sp. 12 — 15 x 9 — 10.

[birrum, Fr. P. exp. discoid, disc rugulose, pale tan, with super-
ficial white squamules near edge ; g. rounded then truncate and free;
s. solid, fusiformly rooting, rather woolly with white imbricated
squamules.

punctatum, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. exp. silky then almost glabrous,
the darker disc punctate with viscid warts, tan, paler when dry; g.
narrow, crowded, pallid then rusty bay; s. 5 — 9 cm. hollow, equal,
apex white pruinose; sp. 7—1 1 x 5 — 6.

versipelle, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. viscid with tough gluten, discoid, at
length wavy, crust-colour, adglutinated and silky at edge, then
glabrous ; g". crowded, broad, reddish white then tan ; s. 4 — 7 cm.
silky-white, apex pruinose ; sp. 12 long.

[subtortum, Karst. P. convex then plane, obtuse, even, glabrous,
irreg. at first, silky near edge from veil, viscid, pale brick-red or
pallid, disc darker; g. adnato-subdecur. crowded, edge crenate; s.
hollow, usually twisted, whitish, apex mealy; sp. 7 — 9 x 4- — 6.

mesophaeum, Fr. P. 3 — 4 cm. conico-convex then plane, even,
viscid, almost naked, gilvous, disc bay ; g. emarginate, crowded, thin ;
s. 4 — 7 cm. tough, equal, slender, fibrillose, whitish then rusty, apex
pruinose; sp. 7 — 8x4 — 5.

Disc of p. sometimes umber.

Hebeloma. 159

var. holophaeum, Fr. P. umb. everywhere dusky fuscous ; s.
fuscescent, subannulate.

strophosum, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. expanded, subumbonate, viscid,
disc bay, edge white with veil ; g. crowded ; s. 3 — 5 cm. hollow, silky,
whitish, ring near the apex distinct but imperfect; sp. 8 — 9 x 5.

[elatellum, Sacc. ( = Roumeguerites elatellus, Karst.) P. hemisph.
even, glabrous, naked, pale fuscescent, sometimes spotted, yellowish
livid when dry; g. adnate, much crowded , narrow, pale tan; s. tall,
equal, naked, whitish, ring, inf. entire, persistent, membranous, tinged
fuscous ; sp. 7 — 9 x 4 — 6.

subcollariatum, B. and Br. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, exp. rather
glutinous, pale ochre-tan, centre darker; g. broadly adnate, soon
separating from s. and attached to a collar, pale tan, edge whitish ;
s. 4 — 5 cm. flexuous, pale, brownish below, pulverulent ; sp. 12 — 13 x 6.

violascens, Otth. P. convex, umb. dry, silky shining, bright
violet, disc adpressedly squamulose and brownish; g. reddish violet
then brownish; s. pale violet then rufous-fibrillose, base slightly
bulbous, yellowish.

[deflectens, Karst. P. exp. depr. rugulose, dry, scurfy-squamulose,
bright yellow-tan ; g. crowded, lanceolate ; s. equal, fistulose, tough,
rooting, paler than p. everywhere white-scurfy; sp. 7 — 9 x 5 — 6.

B. DENUDATI. Pileus glabrous, veil absent from
the first.

sinapizans, Fr. Smell like radishes. P. 7—12 cm. compact,
exp. rather wavy, even, glabrous, rather viscid, pale tan ; g. deeply
emarginate, broad, dry, crowded, entire ; s. 6—10 cm. stout, equal,
fibrillose, white, apex white-scaly ; sp. 12x7.

Differs from H. sinuosum in strong smell and absence of veil.

crustuliniforme, Bull. P. 5 — 10 cm. convex then exp. glabrous,
rather viscid, often rather wavy, yellowish-red, disc darker then pale ;
g. sinuate, thin, narrow, whitish then brown, edge crenulate and
with beads of moisture; s. 4 — 7 cm. solid, firm, subbulbous, whitish,
with minute white recurved flecks; sp. 11 — 12 x 6'.

[Syrjense, Karst. P. convex, exp. obtuse, dry, even, glabrous,
brick- red; g. adnexed, crowded, pallid, edge crenulate; s. equal,
wavy, twisted, white, white-flocculoso-pulverulent above, at length
entirely umber; sp. 10 — 11 x5 — 6.

Subcaespitose; stems cohering at base.

hiemale, Bres. ( = H. crustuliniforme, var. minor, Cke.) P.
exp. -gibbous or depr. viscid, glabrous, edge incurved aud white
flocculose at first, pallid tan, centre reddish tan ; g. crowded, sinuate
and almost free, edge white-floccose; s. whitish, apex with white
scurf; sp. 12 — 13x6—7.

Near to H. crustuliniforme, but smaller and smell obsolete.

[subsaponaceum, Karst. Smell strong, soapy. P. exp. obtuse,
even, naked, dry, gilvous then pallid, darker when dry; g. adnate,

160 Hebelcma.

dry; s. elongated, equal, rather wavy, adpressedly fibrillose, apex
rather mealy, pale, umber below when touched; sp. 6—10 x 4 — 6.

[Stocseki, Schulz. P. convex, even, whitish then yellow, centre
tawny; g. adnexed, narrow, both ends narrowed, rufescent; s.
cylindrical, thickened below, whitish, often striately-twisted; sp.
10 x 4—6.

[Qu&etii, Schulz. P. umbonato -campan. then convex, white
then ochre, sometimes rufous-brown, very even, subviscid in rainy
weather, pellicle separable; g. subsinuato-adnexed, rounded in front,
whitish then pale cinnamon; s. cylindrical, often curved at base,
white base tinged brown ; sp. 10 — 12 x 6.

[involuta, Lamb. ( = Paxillus nitens, Lamb.) P. convex, gluti-
nous when moist, shining as if varnished when dry, yellow brown,
paler at edge which remains for a long time incurved ; flesh yellowish,
glabrous ; g. free, cut out behind, narrow, crowded, brownish olive at
last; s. reddish yellow above, darker below.

elatum, Batsch. Smell strong of radishes. P. 6 — 10 cm. convex,
umb. glabrous, viscid, pinkish ochre whitish towards the edge; g.
uncinate, wavy, crowded, dry, pale flesh-colour then bistre ; s. 8—10 cm.
soft, cylindrical, twisted, white then bistre, apex mealy, fibrillose or
downy; sp. 13 — 15x7.

longicaudum, Pers. P. 3 — 6 cm. exp. even, subumb. glabrous,
viscid, rather wavy, tan then whitish; g. crowded, dry, serrulate;
s. 8 — 11 cm. partly hollow, fragile, fibrillose, subequal, white, apex
with white meal; sp. 10 x 5.

var. radicatum, Cke. S. fusiform, rooting.

lugens, Jungh. Smell strong. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. glabrous, rather
viscid, brown then yellowish ; g. pale rusty, edge crenulate, darker ;
s. 4 — 7 cm. shining, fibrillosely striate, subbulbous, apex white-mealy;
sp. 10x6.

truncation, Schaeff. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. undulately wavy, almost
dry, somewhat rufous, edge paler; g. crowded, dry; s. 1*6 — 2 cm.
solid, stout, equal, everywhere slightly pruinose, white; sp. 12 —
13x6.

[mentiens, Karst. P. convexo-plane, edge angularly bent down,
even, glabrous, dry, yellowish-tan, tinged tawny when dry; g. sub-
adnate, broad, thin, white, yellowish when dry; s. hollow, fibrous,
flexuous, glabrous, white, apex thickened and rather pruinose ; sp.
6—7 x 3—4.

nudipes, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. even, almost glabrous, slightly
viscid, tan then pale, edge thin; g. crowded, dry; s. 4 — 6 cm. solid,
equal, pelliculose, glabrous, naked, shining white, base fibrillose ; sp.
12 x 6. (8—10 x 4—5 Sacc.)

[sacchariolens, Q. Smell strong, like burnt sugar. P. campan.
then convex, 2 — 3 cm. thin, glabrous, viscid, whitish with the centre
buff ; g. sinuate, crinkled, whitish then buff bordered with white ;
s. slender, subfistulose, slightly striate, silky, pruinose at the summit,
white, streaked with fawn fibrils below; sp. 12 long.

Hebeloma. 161

[circinans, Karst. P. campan.-convex, lubricous, smoky-ochre,
edge revolute downy and whitish ; g. sinuate, crowded, reddish, edge
white, crenulate; s. slender, whitish, subbulbous, with reflexed
circinate fibrils ; sp. 11 — 12 long.

nauseosum, Cke. Smell nauseous. P. 3 — 4 cm. convex then
exp. gibbous, viscid, whitish ochre; g. very broad; s. 3 — 5 cm.
whitish, mealy above ; sp. 20 x 10.

Differs from H. crustuliniforme in glabrous s.

capnicocephalum, Bull. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. even, glabrous, gilvous,
disc darker, edge becoming blackish; g. broad, rusty; s. 3 — 4 cm.
narrowed downwards, fibrillosely-striate, pale rufescent ; sp. 9 x 5.
(12—14x7—8, Sacc.)

ischnostylum, Cke. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. broadly umb. rather
viscid, white or a little pallid at disc; g. edge serrulate; s. 4 — 5 cm.
smooth, naked, whitish ; sp. 12x7.

Differs from H. nudipes in whitish p.

[diffractum, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, glabrous, nearly dry, at
length broken up into scales, tan ; g. broad ; s. hollow, white,
narrowed below, whitish floccosely scaly above; sp. 10 — 12x4 — 5.

[subzonatum, Weinm. P. campanulato.-exp. viscid, with darker
innately scaly zones, whitish; g. crowded, narrow; s. equal, rather
bulbous, fibrillose, apex pruinose.

[spoliatum, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, viscid, even, glabrous, reddish
tan ; g. broad, crowded ; s. equal, rooting, tough, glabrous, apex
pruinose ; sp. 10x6.

[tortuosum, Karst. P. convex, exp. gibbous, even, rufous-tan
then pale, glabrous ; g. pallid then honey-colour ; s. narrowed below,
hollow, contorted, pallid, apex with white floccose scales ; sp.
6—9 x 4—5.

C. PUSILLI. Pileus scarcely an inch broad.

magnimamma, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. umbo strongly mammiform,
naked, brick-red then pale ; g. obtusely adnate, crowded ; s. 2 — 3 cm.
equal, glabrous, gilvous then pallid ; sp. — .

[sterile, Jungh. P. campan.-exp. glabrous, even, dry, violet; g.
free, narrow, rusty; s. solid, equal, glabrous, violet, apex floccosely
pruinose.

[odini, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, naked, bay, edge tawny ; g slightly
sinuate, yellow then tawny ; s. fibrillose, tawny bay.

petiginosum, Fr. P. 1 -5 — 2 cm. conico-convex then exp. yellowish,
gibbous disc fuscous, margin silkily hoary ; g. free, yellow then olive
bay ; s. 3 cm. rufescent, pulverulent ; sp. 10x5.

11

162 Naucoria.

NAUCORIA, Fr.

A. GYMNOTI. Pileus glabrous. Veil absent. Spores
rusty, not dingy rusty brown.

* Gills free or slightly adnexed.

lugubris, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. campan.-exp. wavy, often viscid, even,
pallid becoming rusty, opaque; g. free, very broad, crowded; s.
6 — 9 cm. glabrous, fusiformly rooting, pallid ; sp. 7 x 4.

A form in pine woods has p. bullate, disc bay ; s. short.

festiva, Fr. P. 2'3 cm. convex, subgibbous, even, glutinous,
usually olive-brown, isabelline when dry ; s. free, crowded, ventricose,
rusty ; s. 5 — 7 cm. hollow, fusiformly rooting, colour various, violet,
rufous, &c. ; sp. 12x6. (8x4 Sacc.)

Every part variable in colour.

[christinae, Fr. P. conico-acute, rather wavy, viscid, fiery cin-
namon when moist, tawny and shining when dry, then pale ; g. free,
pallid then fiery saffron ; s. cylindric, glabrous, rooting, dull blood-red ;
sp. 4 — 5 x 3 — 4.

| meclullosa, Bres. Smell weak, like radishes. P. conico-campan.
exp. subumb. viscid, glabrous, tawny then paler ; g. crowded, almost
free, edge white-pruinose ; s. tinged fuscous, apex pale, pruinose, base
thickened and white-downy, pith white, separable ; sp. 7 — 9 x 4—5.

[hilaris, Fr. P. thin, even, rather viscid, tawny orange, shining ;
g. yellowish rusty ; s. hollow, shining yellow.

[subglobosa, A. and S. P. hemisph. even, rather viscid, yellowish ;
g. nearly free, very broad, rhomboid ; s. stuffed, thin, short, striate ;
sp. 8x4.

hamadryas, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. convex, exp. gibbous, even, rusty
bay, yellowish red when dry and old ; g. attenuato-adnexed, rusty ; s.
5 — 7 cm. hollow, equal, glabrous, pallid; sp. 13 — 14 x 7.

[nimbosa, Post. P. convex exp. umb. pruinosely velvety, rufous
brown ; g. broad, rusty, edge fimbriate ; s. everywhere pruinosely
velvety, fuscous below, pale above ; sp. 10 — 11 x 6.

cidaris, Fr. P. 2- — 3 cm. conical then campan. even, cinnamon
tan, paler when dry, edge wavy, striate ; g. ventricose, honey-colour ;
s. 2'5 — 3 cm. fusiform, blackish brown ; sp. 10 long.

Differs from M. cucumis in absence of smell.

[Jennyae, Karst. P. conical, exp. subumb. acute, even, glabrous,
dry, orange-bay; g. crowded; s. cartilaginous, fibrous inside, tough,
fusiformly narrowed below, apex thickened, reddish bay ; sp. 4 — 5
x3— 4.

cucumis, Pers. Smell strong, like cucumber. P. 1'5 — 2 '5 cm.
broadly campan. brownish bay when moist, edge paler ; g. pallid then
saffron ; s. 2 — 4 cm. blackish brown, apex thickened, hollow, pruinose ;
sp. 9 — 10 x 5 — 6.

Naucoria. 163

anguinea, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. campan. convex, gibbous, even,
yellowish tan, a silky zone near the edge ; g. crowded, linear, rusty ;
s. 5 — 7 cm. bay, densely coated with white fibrils ; sp. — .

[micans, Fr. P. convex, gibbous, even, rather shining, yellow;
g. greenish yellow then rusty ; s. rufo-fuscous, pruinate.

centuncula, Fr. P. 1*5 — 2 '5 cm. convexo-plane, lurid green then
yellowish, becoming pale ; g. thick, broad, greyish yellow ; s. 2'3 cm.
base with white down, apex white-pulverulent ; sp. 8 — 10 x 6.

Stem usually incurved, often excentric.

[laeta, Lamb. Entirely clear yellow. P. convex, obtuse, glabrous ;
g. free, crowded, narrow ; s. slender, elongated, glabrous.

horizontalis, Bull. Watery cinnamon. P. 1 — 2 cm. exp. even ;
g. broad; s. 1 cm. incurved, naked; sp. 12 — 13 x 7 — 8.

[rimulincola, Rab. Cinnamon. P. hemisph. umbil. plicate,
rugulosely tomentose ; g. thick, very broad, edge white, crenulate ; s.
subexcentric, short, curved ; sp. 12 — 15 x 7.

semiflexa, B. and Br. P. 1 cm. exp. chestnut, edge fringed with
white silky veil, hygr. ; g. broa.d and distant ; s. 1 cm. incurved, pale,
solid ; sp. 8x5.

[pygmaea, Bull. P. exp. obtuse, edge striate, ochre-tan ; g. ven-
tricose, rusty ; s. fistulose, thin, wavy, glabrous, white.

rubricata, B. and Br. Gregarious. P. concave then exp. and
depr. 4 — 7 mm. whitish then tinged rufous or ochre ; g. adnexed,
whitish then pinkish, finally brownish, rounded in front ; s. slender,
incurved, base scurfy or downy ; sp. - .

* * Gills adnate, pileus convexo-plane.

[enchymosa, Lund. P. exp. glabrous, disc minutely punctate,
olive when moist, tan when dry ; g. tawny then rusty ; s. pallid then
colour of p.

[hyperella, Fr. P. convex then plane, umbonate, fuscescent,
hoary-rusty when dry ; g. crowded, obscure rusty ; s. filiform, silky
fibrillose, pallid.

abstrusa, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, obtuse, even, glabrous, viscid,
rusty tan ; g. crowded ; s. 2 — 3 cm. rigid, glabrous, rusty ; sp. 10x5.

N. melinoides differs in striate p.

| flacca, Karst. P. conoid- campan. tan or yellowish-cinnamon ;
g. adnate, soon free, colour of p. ; s. cartilaginous, equal, paler than
p. umber below, white-fibrillose ; sp. 9 — 11 x 5.

innocua, Lasch. P. 2—3 cm. convex, obtuse, almost glabrous,
striate, rufous then pale; g. yellowish ochre; s. 2—3 cm. white-
fibrillose; sp. 11x4—5.

cerodes, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. convexo-plane, orbicular, even, hygr.
wax-colour then ochre; g. broad, ochre cinnamon ; s. 3 — 5 cm. equal,
naked, yellow, base rusty ; sp. 6 x 3. (12—16 x 6—8, Sacc.)

[solstitialis, Karst. P. campan. exp. depr. umb. fragile, glabrous,
edge striate then torn, honey-colour then rusty cinnamon, rusty when

11—2

164 Naueoria.

dry; g. entire, cinnamon; s. equal, straight, pallid then greenish
umber ; sp. 9 — 10 x 5 — 6.

melinoides, Fr. P. 1-5 — 2-5 cm. convexo-plane, obtusely umb.
even, glabrous, tawny, ochre when dry ; g. triquetrous-oblong, honey-
colour, toothed ; s. 3 — 4 cm. hollow, thickish, with yellow meal above,
base white ; sp. 10 — 12 x 4 — 5.

pusiola, Fr. P. 1 cm. hemispher. exp. obtuse, even, glabrous,
rather viscid, tawny yellow ; g. broad ; s. 2 cm. slender, glabrous,
yellow, shining ; sp. 8x4.

[miserrima, Karst. P. plane, umb. sulcate then splitting, whitish
when dry, glabrous ; g. adfixed, distant, broad, ventricose, subochre ;
s. equal, base and apex slightly thickened, fistulose, straight, naked,
whitish; sp. - .

* * * Gills adnate ; pileus campan. then exp.

nucea, Bolt. P. globoso-campan. umbil. punctate, pale chestnut,
edge incurved, rather lobed ; g. rather crisped, cinnamon ; s. 5 — 7 cm.
silky fibrillose, white ; sp. 10 — 11 x 6.

scolecina, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. campan.-convex then plane, edge
slightly striate, rusty bay; g. white then rusty, edge flocculose; s.
5 — 7 cm. wavy, rusty rufous, white-mealy; sp. 10 x 6.

[amarescens, Q. P. slightly rugulose, brown then tan ; g. uncinato-
ventricose, whitish then tawny ; s. striate, whitish saffron then umber ;
sp. 10 long.

sideroides, Bull. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. exp. umb. glabrous, viscid,
reddish-yellow, ochre and shining when dry; g. uncinately adfixed
with a decur. tooth, narrow, crowded ; s. even, glabrous, apex white-
mealy, pallid, base brownish ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 6.

glandiformis, W. G. Sm. P. 2—3 cm. obtusely campan. then
nut-shaped, nut-brown, smooth, even; g. very broad, umber; s.
6 — 9 cm. equal, pallid ; sp. 10 — 12 x 6 — 8.

[stictica, Fr. P. convexo-plaue, orbicular, even, rough with
minute superficial granules ; hygr. brownish ochre then tan ; g.
crowded, pale cinnamon ; s. rusty brown.

[typMcola, P. Henn. P. thin, fragile, campan. -exp. subumb.
flocculose then smooth, edge striate, hygr. fuscescent ; g. unequal,
subdistant, ventricose, flesh-colour then tawny ; s. hollow, slender,
mealy-squamulose then smooth, whitish, base bulbous, white tomen-
tose ; sp. 8 — 11 x 5 — 7.

badipes, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. campan. -convex subumb. glabrous,
pellucidly striate from umbo when moist, rusty yellow then pale, edge
almost straight ; g. adnate, ventricose ; s. 4 — 7 cm. rusty, with white
fibrillose squamules up to middle ; sp. 10 x 5.

hydrophila, Mass. P. 1 — 3 cm. campan. then slightly exp.
acutely umb. glabrous, edge striate when moist, pale tan with tinge
of green ; g. brownish, edge pale ; s. 3 — 5 cm. equal, flexuous, hollow,
with red and green tints ; sp. 13 — 14 x 6 — 7.

Naucoria. 165

striaepes, Cke. P. 2—4 cm. campan. then exp. more or less
gibbous, ochre ; g. broad, tawny cinnamon ; s. 4 — 7 cm. straight or
wavy, hollow, white, distinctly longitudinally striate; sp. 10 x 4.

[camerina, Fr. P. campan.-convex, obtusely umb. glabrous,
moist, edge striate, ochraceous tan, paler when dry, disc darker ; g.
crowded, yellowish cinnamon ; s. wavy, adpressedly fibrillose, equal,
umber.

triscopoda, Fr. P. 1 cm. conical then hemispher. then convexo-
plane, umb. bay, ochre when dry; g. obscure rusty; s. 1 — 3 cm.
filiform, glabrous, rusty, base umber ; sp. 6 — 8 x 3 — 4.

B. PHAEOTI. Pileus naked. Gills and spores
brownish-rusty.

* Pediadei. Growing in fields and pastures.

( amoena, Weinm. P. almost plane, even, rather viscid, dingy
yellow disc tinged rusty, then pale; g. adnate with decur. tooth,
rusty; s. fibrously stuffed, equal, fibrillose, shining white; sp. 8 — 9
x4— 5.

vervacti, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convexo-plane, umb. even, glabrous,
viscid, shining when dry, yellow; g. adnate with decur. tooth,
crowded ; s. 3 — 4 cm. stuffed then hollow, attenuated, glabrous, rigid,
not rooting, whitish; sp. 12 — 16 x 8 — 10.

pediades, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. convexo-plane, obtuse or depr. dry,
at length minutely rivulose, yellowish ochre then tan ; g. adnexed,
broad ; s. 4 — 7 cm. with a pith, rather wavy and silky, yellowish, base
slightly bulbous ; sp. 10 — 12 x 4 — 5.

semiorbicularis, Bull. P. 3 — 5 cm. hemispher. then exp. even,
glabrous, rather viscid, at length rivulose, tawny rusty then ochre ; g.
adnate, very broad, crowded ; s. 4 — 9 cm. pale rusty, shining, con-
taining a free tube inside ; sp. 10 x 5 — 6.

arvalis, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convexo-plane, yellow brown, ochre
when dry ; g. adnexed ; s. 2 — 4 cm. fistulose, thin, pulverulent,
yellowish, with a long filiform root ; sp. 9 x 5.

Differs from .ZV. orbicularis in long rooting s.

tabacina, D. C. P. 1-5 — 2'5 cm. bay brown, almost plane, very
obtuse, edge involute, hygr. ; g. adnate, crowded, cinnamon bay ; s.
3 — 4 cm. hollow, glabrous, cinnamon ; sp. 8 — 9 x 4 — 5.

[tabacella, Sacc. Entirely cinnamon-brown. P. convex, centre
squamulose ; s. terete, toughish, fibrillose, base rather thickened ; sp.
10—11x6.

[undulosa, Jungh. P. convex, even, umbo fleshy, bay, shining;
g. adnate, ovate, distant ; s. solid, firm, wavy, naked, colour of p. ; sp.
6x4.

166 Naucoria.

* * Scorpoidei. Growing in damp uncultivated
places or in woods.

tenax, Fr. P. 1'5 — 2'5 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, rather viscid,
hygr. cinnamon then ochre ; g. adnate, edge entire, whitish ; s. 3 — 5
cm. equal, yellowish fuscous, striate with adpr. fibrils, almost glabrous,
veil fugacious ; sp. 8 x 5.

myosotis, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. convexo-plane, subumb. with a viscid
pellicle, olive or greenish brown then yellowish; g. adnato-decur.
edge serrate, white ; s. 7 — 12 cm. slender, pallid, fibrilloso-scaly-corti-
nate; sp. 11—12x6. (16—18x8—9 Sacc.)

[Tavastensis, Karst. P. convex, exp. disc, often depr. near edge
with concentric large yellowish floccose scales, livid-yellow then dingy
tawny tan ; g. adnate, crowded ; s. straight, subequal, solid, fibrillosely
scaly, pallid then tinged fuscous, ring torn, yellowish ; sp. 15 — 17 x 8 — 9.

[scorpioides, Fr. P. conico-convex, exp. glabrous, scarcely viscid,
depr. round umbo, somewhat reddish tan then pale ; g. adnate with
a decur. tooth, edge coloured like rest, entire ; s. slender, wavy, dry,
pallid, white-fibrillose, apex pruinose ; sp. 5 — 6 long.

temulenta, Fr. P. T5 — 2'5 cm. campan. convex, glabrous,
subumb. hygr. edge slightly striate, rusty then ochre; g. adnate,
narrow in front, lurid then rusty umber ; s. 4 — 5 cm. fistulose but
with a loose pith, thin, tough, polished, wavy, glabrous, apex
powdery; sp. 12x6.

subtemulenta, Lamb. P. campan. then convex, slightly umb.
striate, hygr. brown ochre when wet, tan when dry; g. crowded,
narrow, almost free, colour of p. ; s. slender, colour of p. thickened
towards base and dark rusty.

latissima, Cke. P. 1*5 — 3 cm. subglobose, edge at first incurved,
deep chestnut brown ; g. adnexed, very broad, tawny umber ; s.
3 — 5 cm. narrowed downwards into a rooting base, dark brown
below, pale above ; sp. — .

Differs from N. glandiformis in tapering, rooting s.

[heliophila, Fr. P. convex, umb. convex, dry, golden tawny,
shining ; g. adnate, closely crowded, plane, pallid ; s. not polished,
with scattered black points.

reducta, Fr. P. convexo-plane, hygr. striate to middle, mem-
branaceous, rather olive or brownish honey-colour ; g. dingy yellow
then rusty; s. narrowed upwards, tough amber-brown, apex paler,
pruinose.

C. LEPIDOTI. (Naucoria typical.) Pileus flocculose
or squamulose. Veil evident. Spores rusty.
* Scales of pileus superficial, disappearing.

porriginpsa, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. convex, exp. obtuse, viscid, tawny
then pale, with scattered superficial saffron flecks ; g. adnate, yellow-
cinnamon ; s. 4 — 7 cm. equal, silky, pallid.

Naucoria. 167

[lapponica, Laest. P. convex, umb. then plane, viscid, rufous
brown, discoid, with scattered yellow pilose scales; g. serrulate, white
then brown ; s. elongated, cuticle separating.

sobria, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. convexo-plane, rather viscid and silky,
yellowish, veil pruinose, fugacious ; g. adnate, crowded, broad, saffron
then pallid, edge pale ; s. 2—3 cm. fibrillose, base brownish, white-
floccose; sp. 14 — 16x10.

var. dispersa, B. and Br. P. 0'5 — 1 cm. convex, ochre, punctu-
late, edge scurfy; s. scurfy, ring append.; g. pallid, edge white.

* * Pileus innately squamulose.

erinacea, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. dry, convex, subumbil. squamulose
with fascicles of hairs, rusty-umber; g. adnate, quite entire; s.
1 — 1'5 cm. incurved, hairy, colour of p. ; sp. 9 — 15 x 6 — 7.

Dry as in Marasmius. Differs from N. siparia in entire edge
of g. and stem squamulose throughout.

siparia, Weinm. P. 1 — 2 cm. plane, obtuse, woolly-scaly, reddish
rusty ; g. broad, edge floccose ; s. T5 — 2 cm. squamulose, apex gla-
brous ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 5.

conspersa, Pers. P. 1 — 1-5 cm. fragile, convexo-plane, obtuse,
hygr. soon broken up into scurfy squamules, cinnamon bay then
ochre ; g. adnate, crowded ; s. 2 — 3 cm. fibrillose, apex scurfy-
squamulose, colour of p. ; sp. 8 — 9 x 5.

escharoides, Fr. P. l — 2 cm. conico-convex, exp. obtuse scurfy-
squamulose, whitish tan disc becoming darker ; g. lax, ventricose ; s.
2 — 3 cm. wavy, adpressedly fibrillose pale then darker ; s. 14 x 7.

[suavis, Bres. Smell pleasant, like ripe pears. P. campan. exp.
umb. brownish, centre lurid tawny then pale, squamulose ; g. crowded,
pallid then tawny brown ; s. equal, fuscous ; sp. 9 — 10 x 4'5 — 5.

[limbata, Bull. P. exp. obtuse, even then concentrically floccosely
squamulose, ochraceous-tan, edge striate then split ; g. free, ochre-
tan ; s. fistulose, glabrous, white then yellowish ; sp. 6 — 9 x 4 — 6.

var. sublimbata. Differs in solid s. which like p. is brick-red then
pale ; g. rusty.

[Weislandri, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, tawny, cuticle cracked
into areolae, hence the surface is crowded with minute dark wart-like
papillae; g. adnate, broad, dark rust; s. filiform, almost naked,
blackish.

* * * Pileus destitute of scales, silky . or atomate.

[segestria, Fr. P. soft, convex, exp. or depr. silky, hygr. tan then
pale ; g. adnate, crowded, narrow ; s. soft, tough, fibrillose, pallid ;
sp. 9—10x6.

[pannosa, Fr. P. thin, exp. fuscescent, silky with white hairs ; g.
ventricose, distant, pale umber ; s. filiform, almost glabrous, pallid.

168 Naucoriar-Galera.

[hibala, Karst. P. convexo-depr. hygr. surface loose and pannose,
sooty-umber or olive-brown, yellowish-grey when dry; g. adnate,
narrow, crowded, edge grey-flocculose, subdentate ; s. base with
white down, pulverulent- velvety with yellowish particles.

[bryophila, Roze and Boud. P. conico-campan. acute umbo
blackish, rest reddish brown, striate ; g. almost free, pale rose ; s.
cylindrical, almost translucent, brown, curved.

carpophila, Fr. P. 3 — 6 mm. thin, convex, obtuse, shining with
scurfy particles, yellowish then pallid ; g. broad, crenulate, ochre ;
s. 6 — 8 cm. scurfy then naked, pallid.

graminicola, Nees. P. 3 — 8 mm. convex, papillate, hairy-tomen-
tose, fuscous then reddish ochre ; g. rather distant, ochre then pallid;
s. 1 cm. tough, hairy, brownish ; sp. 7 x 4.

[pityrodes, Brig. P. dry, convex, plane, umb. very minutely
downy-squamulose, whitish then rufescent, edge striate, toothed ;
g. yentricose, pallid ; s. n'stulose, tough, scabrid-squamulose, tawny,
strigose below.

effngiens. Q. Very minute. P. thin convexo-plane, diaphanous,
ochre, at length greyish olive and covered with shining crystalline
grains ; g. yellowish ; s. incurved, mealy.

echinospora, W. G. S. P. at first rather scurfy, moist, hygr.
citrin, greenish marginate then pallid, edge slightly striate ; g. citrin;
s. reddish-brown, white squamulose ; sp. rough, 7x6.

GALERA, Fr.

I. CONOCEPHALI. Pileus conico-campanulate, hygr.
almost even, at ornate when dry; stem straight,
gills somewhat crowded, ascending.

[apala, Weinm. P. campan. equal, obtuse, even, hygr. pallid
livid, white when dry ; g. almost free, whitish then ochre ; s. tall,
fragile, narrowed upwards, white- velvety ; sp. 12 — 14 x 7 — 8.

var. sphaerobasis, Post. P. campan. even ; s. shorter, glabrous,
base spherical.

lateritia, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. high, nut-shaped then conical, even,
hygr. gilvous then ochre, edge densely striate when moist ; g. very
narrow, tawny-rust; s. 6 — 9 cm. fragile, narrowed upwards, white-
pruinose ; sp. 11 — 12x5 — 6.

Differs from G. ovalis by narrow, ascending g.

tenera, Schaeff. P. 1 — 2 cm. high, conico-campan. obtuse, hygr.
pale yellowish rusty, pale and rather atomate when dry ; g. adnate,
crowded, rather broad, cinnamon ; s. 6 — 9 cm. straight, fragile, rather
shining, colour of p. ; sp. 12 — 13 x 7.

var. pUosella, Pers. P. and s. covered with short erect pubes-
cence when moist.

Galera. 169

[flexipes, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, rusty and slightly pellucidly
striate, ochraceous when dry ; g. adnexed, crowded, pallid then rusty,
edge crenulate ; s. equal, fistulose, wavy, pallid then rusty, white-
fibrillose, apex white- pruinose ; sp. 10 — 12 x 5 — 6.

[pubescens, Gillet. P. conical, reticulately wrinkled, atpmate,
very minutely pubescent, brown or ochre, hygr. ; g. narrow, veined at
base, rusty; s. tall, rigid, coarsely longitudinally striate above, finely
pubescent, paler than p.

siliginea, Fr. P. 1 — 1-5 cm. globose, then campan. finally exp.
unequal, even, greyish, not becoming pale; g. adnate, ochre; s.
4 — 7 cm. rather wavy, equal, pallid, rather pruinose; sp. 11 — 13
x5— 7.

campanulata, Mass. Smell strong. P. 1—2 cm. persistently
campan. subacute, even, hygr. deep cinnamon, whitish, atomate and
rather rugulose when dry ; g. adnate, tawny cinnamon ; s. 4 — 5 cm.
wavy, pallid ; sp. 12x7.

ovalis, Fr. P. 3 — 4 cm. thin, ovato-campan. even, hygr. dark
rusty, yellowish when dry ; g. nearly free, ventricose, very broad,
rusty ; s. 6—9 cm. straight, equal, slightly striate, colour of p. hollow;
sp. 10x6.

Veil sometimes subannulate.

[rabenhorstii, Fr. P. acutely conical then exp. umbil. pellucidly
striate, olive ; g. lanceolate, white then rufous-brown ; s. fibrously
striate, brownish-white, base thickened, somewhat floccosely rooting.

antipoda, Lasch. P. 1-5 — 2'5 cm. campan.-convex, even, ochre,
whitish and atomate when dry ; s. 2 — 3 cm. striate, mealy, base
bulbous and fusiformly rooting ; g. almost free, crowded, yellowish-
ochre ; sp. 15 — 16 x 8.

conferta, Bolt. P. 1 — 2 cm. acutely conico-campan. striate,
glabrous, hygr. fuscous, fuscous ochre when dry ; g. slightly adnexed,
white then brownish ochre ; s. 2 — 4 cm. silky, shining, naked, with an
equal very long rooting base ; sp. - .

Densely crowded, very fragile.

spicula, Lasch. P. conico-campan. striate when moist, brown-
ochre, flocculose when dry; g. adnate; s. straight, slender, white-
floccose, base thickened, fibrillose.

spartea, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. campan.-convex, exp. obtuse, hygr.
even when dry, glabrous, cinnamon then pale ; g. adnate, crowded ;
s. 3 — 5 cm. rigid, flexile, glabrous ; sp. — .

Resembling G. tener but smaller, and s. not straight.

pygmaeo-affinis, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. exp. dry, not striate,
slightly wrinkled, honey-tan ; g. thin, crowded, very narrow, rusty-
ochre ; s. 4 — 6 cm. equal, shining white ; sp. — .

Fries says this is possibly a tall form of Naitcoria pygmaea.

170 Galera.

II. BRYOGENI. Pileus membranaceous, campanulate,
striate, glabrous, hygr. even, opaque and rather silky
when dry; stem slender, lax, flexile ; gills broadly and
abruptly adnate, broad, somewhat denticulate.

vittaeformis, Fr. P. 1-5 — 2'5 cm. conico-campan. papillate,
striate, somewhat bay; g. adnate, ascending; s. 3 — 7 cm. equal,
flexile, even, reddish ; sp. 12 x 6.

rubiginosa, Fr. P. 0*5 — 1 cm. campan. obtuse, everywhere
deeply striate, hygr. cinnamon or honey-colour, tan when dry; g.
distant, broad, opaque ; s. 4 — 5 cm. glabrous, reddish ; sp. 10 x 5.

hypnorum, Batsch. P. 0'5 — 1 cm. campan. subpapillate, glabrous,
striate, hygr. ochre or tawny-ochre then pale ; g. broad, lax ; s. 3 — 4
cm. wavy, colour of p. apex pruinose ; sp. 10 x 6.

var. bryorum, Pers. Larger, watery cinnamon, papilla somewhat
horny; sp. 10x6.

var. sphagnorum, Pers. Two to three times larger than type,
yellowish-ochre ; s. elongated, subfibrillose, tawny.

[hypnicola, Karst. P. conico-campan. obtuse, disc gibbous,
deeply lineato-striate, livid fuscous, soon paler ; g. crowded ; s. equal,
lax, flaccid, silky flocculose from veil, soon glabrous, pallid; sp.
10—12 x 7.

mniophila, Lasch. P. 1 — 1*5 cm. campan. subpapillate, striate,
brownish yellow ; g. broad, yellowish-ochre ; s. 4 — 7 cm. equal,
flexile, yellow, apex mealy ; sp. 14 x 6.

minuta, Q. P. 3 — 5 mm. campan. striate, pale tawny bistre;
g. arcuate, as broad as long ; s. 1 — 2 cm. hair-like, tawny, shining,
woolly and white at base ; sp. 6 x 4.

[aquatilis, Fr. P. campan. -convex, subpapillate, glabrous,
watery, edge striate, pallid honey-colour or hyaline, then whitish ;
g. distant, triquetrous, pallid ; s. very long, slender, even, very
glabrous, pallid ; sp. 10—14 x 6.

[tenuissima, Weinm. P. campan. obtuse, glabrous, slightly
striate, tinged olive ; g. crowded, cinnamon ; s. very slender, flexile,
glabrous, cinnamon ; sp. 10 — 13 long.

III. ERIODERMI. Pileus submembranaceous ; veil evident,
superficial, deciduous ; at first — especially near the
edge — silky or squamulose.

pityria, Fr. P. campan. exp. glabrous, viscid, lurid, tan when
dry, fugacious veil append. ; g. slightly adnexed, crowded, rusty ;
s. fistulpse, firm, glabrous, silvery, apex with white meal.

ravida, Fr. P. 1*5— 3 cm. campan. then hemispher. even when

moist, greyish, dingy ochre when dry, edge at first toothed with

white veil; g. nearly free, gilvous; s. 2 — 3 cm. fibrilloso-striate,

pallid, silvery; sp. 8 — 10x4,

mycenopsis, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. campan. exp. disc even, striate

Galera — Tvbaria. 171

to middle, at first silky-white near edge, ochre then pale ; g. white
then ochre ; s. 6 — 9 cm. attenuated, white, silky ; sp. 9 — 12 x 5 — 6.

[morchelloides, De Brond. P. conoid, obtuse, subgibbous, with
anastomosing wrinkles, edge wavy, tawny ochre; g. whitish then
fuscous ; s. equal, squamulose, rufous.

[vestita, Fr. P. campan. striate, tawny yellow when moist,
ochre when dry, edge fimbriately toothed with the veil ; g. adnate,
yellow then ochre ; s. rigid, pulverulent, yellowish ; sp. 10 x 4 — 5.

[Sahleri, Q. Minute. P. conical, acute, striate, chestnut tawny,
honey-colour when dry, deciduous silky fibrils at margin ; g. adnate,
tawny ochre; s. fibrillose, shining; sp. 8 — 10x4 — 5.

TUBARIA, W. G. Sm.
I. GENUINI. Spores rusty.

cupularis, Bull. P. 2 — 3 cm. plano-depr. obtuse, even, glabrous,
rufescent then yellowish, hygr. ; g. decur. crowded, tawny ; s. 4 — 7 cm.
fistulose, naked, narrowed upwards, whitish ; sp. 6 x 3.

furfuracea, Pers. P. T5 — 5 cm. convex then plane and at
length umbil. yellowish-cinnamon, hygr. hoary with the silky-squamu-
lose veil, especially near edge ; g. adnato-decur. rather distant,
cinnamon ; s. 2 — 5 cm. fistulose, flocculose, rigid, pallid ; sp. 10 x 6.

yar. heterosticha, Fr. P. subumb. depr. cinnamon, ochre then
pallid when dry ; s. almost naked.

var. trigonophylla, Fr. Small, becoming pale; g. very broad,
triangular, more distant, ochre with a tawny tinge.

anthrocophila, Karst. P. convex, exp. wavy, dry, rusty-
cinnamon pale when dry, with concentric white deciduous flecks
near edge; g. adnate, dentate; s. wavy, often cornpr. pallid rusty,
white-fibrillose ; sp. 6— 7 '5x3— 5.

Close to T. furfuracea.

paludosa, Fr. 0'5 — 1'5 cm. P. conic then convex, umb. not
striate, yellowish fuscous, with silky pallid superficial flecks ; g.
decur. very broad behind, crowded, watery ochre ; s. 6 — 9 cm.
slender, elongated, flexuous, floccose, ochre or pale citrin ; sp. 10x4.

stagnina, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. conical then convex, obtuse, rather
viscid and striate when moist, rusty bay, even and pale ochre when
dry, with white concentric floccose scales near edge ; g. decur. very
broad, ochre then rusty; s. 7 — 15 cm. reddish bay; sp. 10x5.

P. sometimes depr. and umbil.

[vestita, Q. P. 1 — 2 cm. thin, campan. creamy ochre, edge
with a white dentate fringe formed by the torn ring; g. yellow,
then fawn with a cream edge ; s. fistulose, slender, mealy, creamy
white ; ring membranous, thin, white, caducous ; sp. 10 long.

pellucida, Bull. P. 1—2 cm. conical then campan. umb. cinna-
mon, hygr. silky-squamulose near the striate edge ; g. subdecur.
very broad behind, triangular, paler than p.; s. 3 — 5 cm. narrowed
upwards, shining, pale, apex mealy; sp. — .

172 Tubaria — Flammula.

muscorum, Pers. P. 0'5 — 1 cm. convex, centre becoming depr.
striate, glabrous, yellow-fuscous ; g. subdecur. paler ; s. short, base
thickened, colour of p. ; sp. 6 — 8 x 4.

embola, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. campan. then convex, obtuse, lineato-
striate, glabrous, yellowish tawny, hygr. ; g. very broad behind,
triangular, thick, distant ; s. 3—5 cm. thickened upwards, glabrous,
shining yellow when dry; sp. 10 x 4 — 6.

Differs from Omph. wmhellifera, in glabrous finely striate p.
and s. thickened upwards.

[viscidula, Karst. P. campan. striate, viscid, somewhat ochre ;
g. adnate, distant, white then rusty; s. equal, rusty, paler upwards,
white-flocculose; sp. 6 — 7x3 — 6.

autochthona, B. and Br. P. 0'5 — 1 cm. hemispher. obtuse, pale
ochre, silky, edge flocculose ; g. adnate with decur. tooth, honey-
colour ; s. 2 — 3 cm. wavy or curved, thickened above and below, base
woolly; sp. 8x4.

Differs from T. furfuracea in the p. not becoming pale, and sp.
paler.

II. PHAEOTI. Spores fuscous-rusty.

crobula, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. convex then plane, obtuse, not striate,
rather viscid, covered with deciduous floccose subsquarrose scales,
then naked, greyish tan; g. subdecur. crowded; s. 2 — 3 '5 cm.
tough, fuscous, densely covered with white floccose scales ; sp. 10 x 6.

Almost a large-sized T. inquilinawith the veil of A. furfuracea,
but evidently annulate.

inquilina, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. convex then plane, glabrous, rather
viscid, striate when moist, hygr. tawny or hoary-tan; g. subdecur.
rather distant, triangular, tan then brownish umber; s. 2 — 3 cm.
tough, bay, white-fibrillose ; sp. 8 x 4.

Close to T. crobula, differs in glabrous p., striate when moist,
and nearly glabrous s.

var. ecoola, Fr. P. tan ; s. rooting ; g. crowded, rusty.

[caricicola, P. Henn. P. thin, convex, depr. centre brownish,
even, glabrous, yellowish-brown, silky when dry; g. shortly decur.
rusty ; s. slender, curved, brown, base darker; sp. 8 — 10 x 3'5— 4 '5.

FLAMMULA, Fr.

I. GYMNOTI. Veil absent; pileus dry, often
squamulose.

gymnopodia, Bull. Rusty brown. P. 4 — 7 cm. fleshy, campan .-
convex, squamulose ; g. deeply decur. arcuate, crowded, rusty ; s.
3 — 6 cm. solid, almost glabrous, equal ; sp. — .

Aldridgei, Mass. P. 2 — 5 cm. convex then infundib. edge in-
curved, dry, orange brick-red, minutely velvety; g. deeply decur.
rusty orange ; s. 6 — 9 cm. wavy, smooth, colour of p. ; sp. 16 x 5.

Flammida. 173

vinosa, Bull. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. then depr. rusty fawn-colour;
g. decur. crowded, narrow, rusty ; s. 2 — 3 cm. solid, firm, base rather
thickened, minutely flocculose ; sp. 5 x 3.

[Tamil, Fr. P. convex, dry, floccosely silky, dusky yellow, with
tinge of brown ; g. adnate, orange tawny; s. solid, silky fibrillose,
equal, yellowish rufous.

[abrupta, Fr. P. convexo-plane, disc becoming depr. obsoletely
umb. glabrous, shining tawny; g. adnate with decur. tooth, pallid
then tawny ; s. fibrillose, tawny yellow ; sp. 5 — 7 x 3 — 5.

floccifera, B. and Br. Caespitose. P. 4—5 cm. convex, exp.
tawny, white-fibrillose, somewhat zoned when dry ; g. adnate,
wrinkled, rusty, edge white ; s. 3 cm. narrowed downwards, scurfy
at apex, white and silky-squamulose below ; sp. — .

[muricella, Fr. P. convex then plane, tawny, covered every-
where with suberect darker erect innate squamules ; g. adnate,
crowded, dingy yellow ; s. solid, equal, glabrous, pallid.

decipiens, W. G. Sm. P. 2 — 3 cm. deep clear brown then pale,
convex, obtuse or urnb. dry, minutely scaly, flesh yellow; g. decur.
orange-brown ; s. 3 — 4 cm. narrowed downwards, tawny, striate ; sp.
6—7x4.

Differs from F. carbonaria in decur. bright g.

clitopila, Cke. and Sm. P. 3 — 4 cm. convex then exp. depr.
and umbil. smooth, dry, purplish brown; g. dingy yellowish; s.
4 — 5 cm. ventricose, smoky brown, hollow ; sp. 10 x 4 — 5.

II. LUBRICI. Pileus covered with a viscid, continuous,
partly separable cuticle ; veil evident, fibrillose.

lenta. Pers. P. 4 — 7 cm. convexo-plane, even, viscid, livid or
tan, at first with scattered scales; g. adnate, whitish then tan; s.
4 — 5 cm. equal, scaly; sp. 10x4. (6—7x3 — 4 Sacc.)

Sometimes entirely whitish ; p. glutinous when moist.

Stevenson considers the present and Hebeloma glutinosum to
be identical.

lubrica, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. exp. plane, even, viscid, cinnamon or
tawny or pallid and disc tawny and spotted with squamules ; g.
adnate, broad, tan; s. 5 — 12 cm. somewhat narrowed, fibrillose,
whitish, apex striate ; sp. 8 x 4.

lupina, Fr. P. 4 — 9 cm. exp. and depr. even, viscid; g. adnato-
decur. broad, pallid tan ; s. 2 — 3 cm. short, firm, unequal, with rusty
tinged adpressed fibrils, apex white ; sp. 8 x 4.

There are two forms : A. Smell strong, pungent, p. fuscous then
tan ; s. becoming rusty. B. Milder, p. tawny ; s. and g. yellowish.

mixta, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. convexo-plane, viscid, crust-colour, disc
darker, rugulose ; g. subdecur. crowded ; s. 3 — 7 cm. hollow, pallid,
fusco-fibrillose, rufous-scaly below ; sp. 10 x 5.

juncina, W. G. Sm. P. 3—4 cm. hemispher. exp. even, glabrous,

174 Flammula.

sulphur, disc brown; g. decur. sulphur then reddish brown ; s. 8 — 10
cm. tapering downwards, sulphur, base tawny ; sp. — .

decussata, Fr. P. plane, obscurely umb. viscid, virgate with
innate radiating fibrils, crust-colour ; g. adnate, crowded, narrow,
yellowish, then tan ; s. tawny.

gummosa, Lasch. P. 3 — 6 cm. plane, floccosely scaly then even,
viscid, yellow or greenish ; g. adnate, crowded, yellow then cinnamon ;
8. 4 — 7 cm. silky fibrillose, base reddish ; sp. — .

spumosa, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. even, viscid, yellowish ; g. adnate,
yellow then rusty ; s. 4 — 9 cm. equal, slender, fibrillose, yellowish ; sp.
9x5.

[Henningsii, Bres. P. convex, exp. greenish-yellow or citrin,
centre tinged fuscous, with disappearing brownish squamules ; g.
sinuato-adnate, crowded, yellow then tawny cinnamon ; s. fibrillosely
squamulose then almost glabrous, tawny-yellow; sp. 8 — 9 x 5 '5.

[carbonaria, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. almost plane, even, viscid, some-
what tawny, flesh yellow; g. adnate, tan becoming fuscescent; s.
3 — 7 cm. rigid, squamulose, pallid; sp. 10 — 11 x 5 — 6.

III. UDI. Cuticle of pileus continuous, not distinct or
separable, glabrous (frequently with superficial down),
moist or slightly viscid in rainy weather. Veil evident,
appendiculate. Spores not tawny nor ochre. Allied
to Pholiota, caespitose, growing on wood.

fusus, Batsch. P. 4 — 8 cm. compact, convexo-exp. even, rather
viscid, reddish tan, flesh yellowish, veil append. ; g. subdecur.
yellowish then rusty ; s. 4 — 5 cm. fibrillosely striate, base narrowed,
colour of p. rooting ; sp. 10x4.

var. superba, Mass. P. 8 — 12 cm. deep orange; s. pale orange;
g. narrow, bright yellow.

filia, Fr. P. 4—7 cm. exp. glabrous, moist in rainy weather
but not viscid, pale reddish yellow; g. adnate, arcuate, tawny
yellow ; s. 8 — 14 cm. glabrous, pale yellow, hollow ; sp. 10 x 5.

[cortinata, D. C. Caespitose. P. convex, glabrous, discoid, veil
append.; g. adnate, rusty; s. hollow, unequal, squamulose, white.

var. cortinella, Dub. P. ovoid-convex, yellow or greyish-yellow;
g. whitish then rufous-lilac, at length vinous.

astragalina, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. discoid, at first superficially
silky near edge, saffron blood-red, flesh same ; g. adnate, crowded,
pale yellow then rusty; s. 3—9 cm. wavy, fibrillosely scaly, pallid;
sp. 10 long.

alnicola, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. exp. moist, even, at first subfibril-
losely scaly then nearly glabrous, yellow then rusty, rarely greenish;
g. broad, pallid then rusty; s. 4— -9 cm. partly hollow, narrowed to a
rooting base, fibrillose, yellow then rusty ; sp. 9 x 4.
. flavida, Schaeff. P. 3—7 cm. exp. equal, glabrous, moist, yellow ;
g. yellow then rusty ; s. 5 — 9 cm. yellow then rusty ; 6 — 8 x 5.

Flammula. 175

inaurata, W. G. Sm. Sulphur yellow. P. 2 — 3 cm. moist,
smooth, with a distinct veil; g. adnate with a decur. tooth;
s. 2 — 3 cm. with innate scales ; sp. — .

conissans, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. thin, exp. equal, moist, glabrous,
yellowish tan; g. crowded, pallid then dingy tan; s. 4 — 7 cm.
hollow, silky fibrillose, pallid ; sp. 8 x 4.

Habit of Hypholoma fasciculare.

inopoda. Fr. P. 3 — 9 cm. exp. moist, glabrous, honey-coloured
tan; g. linear, yellowish white then pallid; s. 7 — 14 cm. slender,
wavy, adpressedly fibrillose, at length reddish below; sp. 10 x 6.

apicrea, Fr. 3 — 7 cm. exp. even, glabrous, moist, tan or dingy
orange, disc tawny ; g. crowded, shining rusty ; s. 4 — 7 cm. hollow,
equal, not rooting, pallid, base with rusty fibrils ; sp. 7 x 3.

Differs from F. alnicola in unchangeable gills, flesh hygr. ; p.
clay-colour, disc tawny becoming pale, smell sweet.

[austera, Fr. P. campan.-convex exp. obtuse, moist, discoid,
fibrillose then glabrous, hygr. honey-colour, disc tawny ; g. subdecur.
always cinnamon ; s. hollow, equal, not rooting, silky fibrillose,
whitish.

[azyma, Bull. P. convex-exp. obtuse, moist, even, hygr. pale
rusty, flocculose and rimosely squamulose when dry ; g. adnate,
gilvous, edge whitish ; s. fibrillosely cortinate, pallid ; sp. 10 long.

IV. SAPINEI. Pileus hardly pelliculose (flesh cracking
or torn into squamules towards disc), not viscid.
Veil adpressedly fibrillose to the stem, not appendicu-
lato-cortinate, almost none, or forming a zone on stem.
Known more especially by yellowish or tawny yellow
gills and ochre or tawny spores. Subcaespitose,
always growing on pines or on pine branches etc.
on the ground.

[stabilis, Weinm. P. compact, exp. even, glabrous, ochre,
gibbous disc darker; g. whitish then tawny cinnamon; s. stout,
rigid, whitish with ochre fibrils.

penetrans, Fr. P. exp. dry, almost glabrous, golden or orange
tawny; g. yellowish-white spotted tawny; s. silky then striate, pallid,
very fugacious flocculose veil white ; sp. 8 — 9 x 4 — 5.

nybrida, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. hemispher. exp. obtuse, glabrous,
even, moist, tawny cinnamon then tawny orange; g. adnate, pale
yellow then tawny; s. 4 — 7 cm. narrowed upwards, tawny, whitish
cortinate and cingulate ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4 — 5.

[harmoge, Fr. P. campan. adpressedly squamulose, rather
viscid, disc fleshy, verdegris green, rest lilac or pinkish ; g. adnate,
broad, sulphur then tawny- saffr on ; s. colour of p. veil floccosely
radiating.

sapinea, Fr. P. 3—7 cm. exp. very obtuse, minutely flocculosely

176 Flammula,.

squamulose then rimosely broken up, golden tawny ; g. adnate, broad,
golden then tawny cinnamon ; s. 3 — 5 cm. deformed, thick, grooved,
rooting, yellowish ; sp. 8 x 5.

[Studeriana, Fayod. P. convex then exp. edge acute, deep
orange, covered with deciduous, purple-brown radiating silky fibrils ;
g. adnexed, brownish-tan, not spotted ; s. cylindrical, fibrillose and
coloured like p. ; sp. rough, 8 x 4 — 5.

liquiritiae, Pers. P. 3 — 7 cm. splitting, convexo-plane, subumb.
glabrous, moist, edge at length slightly striate, tawny orange ; g.
broad, golden then tawny cinnamon; s. 4 — 5 cm. hollow, fibrous,
striate, silky and white then tawny-rusty; sp. - - .

picrea, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. cracking, convexo-exp. even, glabrous,
rufous- or bay-cinnamon then tawny; g. crowded, narrow, yellow
then rusty; s. 4 — 7 cm. fistulose, thin, somewhat umber, narrowed
upwards, pulverulent at first ; sp. 8 — 10 x 5 — 6.

nitens, Cke. and Mass. Caespitose. P. 3 — 5 cm. hemispher.
obtuse, shining, persistently purple brown; g. pallid then umber;
s. 4 — 7 cm. fibrillose, pale pinkish brown, solid ; sp. 10 x 5 — 6.

[linralata, Fr. P. convex then irreg. densely papillosely-rivulose
with innate flecks, tawny; g. crowded, yellow then cinnamon ; s. thin,
fibrillose, rather downy, fuscescent ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3 — 4.

V. SERICELLI. Cortinate, cuticle of pileus rather silky,
dry or viscid at first.

[Agardhii, Fr. P. convex then exp. obtuse, dry, fibrillosely silky,
almost even, tawny-rusty; g. adnato-decur. crowded, tan then brown-
rusty, edge paler, crenulate ; s. equal, wavy, fibrillosely cortinate.

ochrochlora, Fr. Caespitose. P. 3 — 5 cm. convexo-exp. obtusely
umb. dry, rather silky, subsquamulose, greenish straw-colour; g.
adnate, crowded, greenish-white then olive ; s. 4 — 5 cm. hollow,
scaly and white-floccose, wavy, base and inside rusty; sp. 8x4.

Resembling Hypholoma fascicidare, differing in rusty sp.

helomorpha, Fr. White. P. T5 — 2'5 cm. exp. gibbous, unequal,
viscid, silky when dry, edge naked ; g. adnato-decur. crowded, white
then tan ; s. 2 — 3 cm. solid, unequal, curved, even, almost glabrous ;
sp. 10 x 6.

scamba, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. subdepr. floccosely downy, viscid
in damp weather, white then tinged tan; g. subdecur. yellowish tan;
s. 3 — 4 cm. short, incurved, flocculosely cortinate, white, base nar-
rowed; sp. 10—12x5 — 6.

. Introduced species.

filicea, Cke. P. 2 — 4 cm. convexo-exp. or slightly depr. squamu-
losely fibrillose, deep yellow disc tawny, veil reddish, append. ; g.
adnate, sulphur then tawny; s. 3 — 5 cm. hollow, sulphur, base tawny;
sp. 8x5.

Flammuta — Cortinarim. 177

purpurata, Cke. and Mass. P. 3 — 4 cm. exp. obtusely umb.
purple or purple-brown, squamulpse, dry; g. adnate, yellow then
rusty ; s. 3 — 4 cm. incurved, purplish and granulose below ; sp. 8 x 5.

CORTINAKIUS, Fr.

Key to the Sub-genera.

I. Phlegmacium. Partial veil cobwebby. Pileus equally
fleshy, viscid ; stem firm, dry. p. 177.

II. Myxacium. Universal veil glutinous, hence the pileus and
scarcely bulbous stem are viscid. Pileus rather thin ; gills adnate
or decurrent. p. 183.

III. Inoloma. Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first scaly, fibrillose
or innately silky, not hygrophauous. Veil simple. Stem fleshy,
sub-bulbous, p. 1 85.

IV. Dermocybe. Flesh of pileus thin, everywhere equal, at
first downy or subinnately silky, but glabrous when adult, dry, not
hygrophauous. p. 188.

V. Telamonia. Pileus hygrophanous, at first glabrous or with
whitish superficial fibrils. Flesh entirely thin or the margin abruptly
so, splitting. Universal veil peronate, or forming a ring low down
on the stem, apex somewhat cortinate, hence the veil is double.
p. 191.

VI. Hydrocybe. Pileus glabrous or covered with superficial
white fibrils, not viscid but moist when growing, losing the deep
colour and becoming pale when dry, flesh very thin, splitting, disc
rarely thicker. Stem rather rigid, not peronate ; veil thin, fibrillose,
rarely collapsing and forming an irregular zone round the stem.
p. 196.

I. PHLEGMACIUM.

Partial veil cobwebby. Pileus equally fleshy, viscid.
Stem firm, dry.

* CLIDUCHII. Partial veil superior, forming a pendulous
ring round the apex of the subequal or clavate stem.

•f* Gills pallid then tan.

triumphans, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. convex then exp. even, yellow,
at first with a few adpr. darker scales; g. emarginate, crowded,
quite entire ; s. 7 — 14 cm. solid, clavate, with several concentric
squamulose tawny rings ; sp. 12 — 14 x 5 — 6.

[crocolitus, Q. P. disc, with saffron squamules ; g. white, lilac,
then tan ; s. squamulose, ring thin, yellowish- white.

claricolor, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. firm, exp. glabrous, shining when

M. F. 12

178 Cortinarius.

dry, yellow, often cracked into scales ; g. subadnexed, crowded,
serrate, greyish white then pallid ; s. solid, at first floccoso-squamulose
from white veil ; sp. 11 — 12 x 6 — 7.

turmalis, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. convexo-plane, even, glabrous,
discoid, dingy yellow ; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, subserrate,
tan; s. 7 — 12 cm. cylindric, white, at first woolly-peronate ; sp.
8-9 x 5.

crassus, Fr. P. 7 — 11 cm. flesh thick, plano-depr. dingy yellow,
disc glabrous, rest fibrilloso-strigose ; g. crowded, quite entire, tan ;
s. 6 — 9 cm. stout, fibrillose, white, apex mealy; sp. 15 x 7.

balteatus, Fr. P. 7 — 9 cm. exp. compact, soon dry and broken
up into flecks, tawny, edge violet or bluish ; g. emarginato-decur.
crowded, entire, whitish ; s. at first peronato-tomentose, white, apex
velvety ; sp. — .

sebaceus, Fr. P. 6 — 12 cm. incurved then exp. rather wavy,
pallid, white-pruinose ; g. emarg. not crowded, tan ; s. 6 — 10 cm.
solid, equal, fibrillose, pallid ; sp. 9 x 7.

lustratus, Fr. Wholly whitish. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. even, glabrous,
edge fibrillose, cortinate ; g. closely crowded ; s. 3 — 5 cm. solid,
nearly equal ; sp. — .

Resembling Entol. prunuloides, but sp. ochre.

*f- 1" Gills violet or purplish, then cinnamon.

varius, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. compact, discoid, edge glabrous, flesh
white, rusty ; g. crowded, entire, purplish then cinnamon ; s. 3 — 5 cm.
conical, adpr. flocculose, whitish ; sp. - .

cyanopus, Fr. P. 5 — 8 cm. exp. even, glabrous, bay or tawny,
flesh whitish ; g. adnato-emarg. broad, violet then pale ; s. 4 — 5 cm.
violet then whitish, bulb depressed, oblique ; sp. - - .

variicolor, Fr. P. 8 — 11 cm. compact, discoid, tomentose edge
violet, rest bay; g. decur.-emarginate, bluish then tan ; s. 8 — 11 cm.
villose at first blue then whitish; sp. 9—10x5. Flesh bluish then
pallid.

yar. nemorensis, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. yellowish-bay, edge at first
bluish ; s. clavate, 7 cm. apex hollow, mealy ; g. rotundato-subdecur.

largus, Fr. P. 8 — 14 cm. exp. wavy, subgibbous, tan or reddish,
flesh grey then white; g. broad, crowded, entire, grey then cinnamon;
s. 8 — 12 cm. solid, fibrillose, curved, violet then white; sp. 12 — 14 x 7.

[spadiceus, Fr. P. exp. smoky bay, pellicle separable; g. blue
then brownish-tan ; s. fibrilloso-striate, pallid.

[pelmatosporus, C. Mart. P. subglobose then campan. or
convex, brown or chestnut, centre darker, edge sulcate, incurved
then exp. white fibrillose veil persistent ; s. stuffed, stout, apex
white, violet below, bulb submarginate, yellow ; g. sinuate, adnexed ;
sp. very large.

Riederi, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. campan. then exp. glutinous, ochre,
shining when dry; g. adnate, eroded, violet then cinnamon; s. clavate,
silky lilac, tawny fibrillose, 6 — 9 cm. ; sp. 12x5.

Cortinarius. 179

~j" 1 1 Gills yellow, cinnamon, or ferruginous (not whitish
violet at first).

[percomis, Fr. P. con vexo- plane, even, very glabrous, gilvous;
g. sulphur yellow then tan, broad ; s. clavate, sulphur inside.

[yitellinopes, Seer. P. exp. depr. edge of margin upturned,
discoid, glabrous, egg-yellow; g. rusty cinnamon; s. solid, rather
wavy, white above ring, fibrillose and yellow below.

saginus, Fr. P. 8 — 11 cm. plano-convex, unequal, glabrous,
yellow ; g. decur. broad, eroded, pallid then cinnamon ; s. 7 cm.
somewhat bulbous, yellowish, apex naked ; sp. - - .

[cliduchus, Fr. P. depr. shining, discoid, bright yellow ; g. ser-
rate, rusty-cinnamon ; s. slightly curved, fibrillose, yellow.

russus, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. convexo-plane, silky fibrillose near edge,
coppery; g. adnate, broad, connected by veins, rusty; s. 6 — 7 cm.
attenuated, pallid, fibrillose; sp. 8 — 10x5.

tftt Gilh olive.

[cephalixus, Fr. P. plane, rather wavy, olive, edge yellowish,
disc with brown granules ; g. adnexed, thin, eroded, white then rusty
olive ; s. clavate, brownish squamulose below.

infractus, Fr. P. 6 — 7 cm. exp. virgate, edge thin, incurved,
olive or yellowish ; g. broad, crowded, olive-umber ; s. 6 — 7 cm.
ovately bulbous, tinged olive ; sp. 10 x 8.

anfractus, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. unequal, bent inwards, wavy, olive
then tawny fuliginous ; g. crisped, rather distant, sooty-olive then
tan ; s. 4 — 6 cm. unequal, apex violet ; sp. - - .

Berkeley!, Cke. P. 7 — 14 cm. convex then exp. edge incurved,
rugulose, pale, rest brown ; g. narrow, cinnamon with olive tinge ;
s. 8 — 14 cm. base bulbous, solid, white ; sp. 15 — 16 x 8 — 9.

Whole young fungus enclosed in a white volva, patches of which
often remain on p.

* * SCAURI. Bulb depressed or turbinate, marginate, stem
fleshy, fibrous; veil inferior, springing from margin
of bulb; pileus equally fleshy; gills subsinuate.

•f Gills whitish then tan or pale cinnamon.

multiformis, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. equal, glabrous, yellow or
tawny all over, flesh white ; g. serrate, white then tan ; s. 5 — 9 cm.
yellowish white; sp. 10 — 12 x 5, rough.

var. flavescens, Cke. Flesh and gills yellow.

[rapaceus, Fr. P. convexo-plane, even, whitish-tan, not becoming
paler ; flesh white ; g. crowded, entire, white then tan ; s. stuffed,
short, white, bulb depr. marginate.

12—2

180 Cortinarius.

napus, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. exp. glutinous, edge incurved, tawny;
g. rather distant, crisped, smoky; s. 4 — 5 cm. equal, white, bulb
obconic and oblique ; sp. 10x5.

allutus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. conico-convex, orange yellow, intense
yellow when dry, then pale, edge darker, flesh rufescent ; g. adnate,
crenulate, white then rufous ; s. 2 — 3 cm. viscid, white, rufous striate
below, marginately bulbous ; sp. - - .

talus, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. convex, even, dingy yellow then pale,
edge yellowish olive ; g. pale ochre ; s. 6 — 7 cm. cylindric, glabrous,
marginately bulbous, pallid ; sp. 8 — 9 x 4 — 5.

•J- f Gills violet, blue, purplish, becoming cinnamon.

glaucopus, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. compact, incurved then expanded,
rather wavy, viscid then floccoso-squamulose or fibrillose, olive-bay
then tawny yellow ; g. broad ; s. 6 — 8 crn. striate, bluish then yellow-
ish, base marginate ; sp. 8 x 4 — 5.

| pansa, Fr. P. compact, incurved, wavy, glabrous, spotted with
innate scales, shining, tawny orange, flesh white; g. entire, blue;
s. marginate, yellow.

[variegatus, Bres. P. convex then exp. and umb. edge incurved,
rufous brick-red, white fibrillose then glabrous and yellowish tan ;
g. closely crowded ; s. fibrillose, whitish then tinged rusty, base
narrowed and somewhat rooting, or marginately bulbous with a clear
violet silky basal zone ; sp. 8 — 10 x 3' 5 — 4.

calochrous, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. exp. flesh compact, white; tawny
yellow; g. serrate, bluish-purple; s. 3 — 5 cm. tibrillose, yellowish
(never blue), bulb abruptly marginate ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

caerulescens, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. convex then exp. dingy yellow
or tan, flesh blue then pale ; g. entire, at first pure deep blue ;
s. 4 — 5 cm. solid, attenuated, naked, bulb marginate blue or violet
becoming whitish ; sp. 9 — 10 x 5.

purpurascens, Fr. P. 8 — 12 cm. exp. rather wavy, glutinous,
bay or reddish, then tawny olive, spotted, flesh everywhere blue ;
g. blue then tan, purple when bruised; s. 6 — 7 cm. tibrillose, deep
blue, darker when bruised, marginate bulb disappearing ; sp.
10—12 x 5—6.

var. subpurpurascens, Fr. P. thinner, subvirgate, becoming
pale; s. stuffed, bluish white.

"f~ "f" "f" Gills rusty, tawny, or yellowish.

4S.ibapb.us, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. convex then exp. purplish, disc
yellowish, variegated with lilac; flesh yellow, violet under the cuticle;
g. rusty purple ; s. 6 — 7 cm. yellow, apex purplish, bulb marginate ;
sp. 12x5.

var. xanthophyllus, Cke. G. for a long time yellow.

turbinatus, Fr. P. 5—9 cm. exp. orbicular, dingy yellow or
greenish, all one colour, glabrous, becoming pale ; g. crowded, entire ;

Cortinarius. 181

s. 4 — 5 cm. cylindrical, bulb turbinate, marginate, whitish or tinged
yellow ; sp. 14 — 16 x 7, rough.

corrosus, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous, viscid, ferru-
ginous then pale tan, at length rivulose or subfloccose, opaque when
dry, flesh firm, white ; g. closely crowded, narrow ; s. 3 — 5 cm. white,
cortina fibrillose, apex naked, bulb depr. marginate ; sp. - - .

fulgens, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. silky-fibrillose, viscid, tawny
orange, flesh becoming spongy and tan; g. emarginate, tawny; s.
5 — 6 cm. colour of p. fibrillose and woolly, bulb large, depr. mar-
ginate ; sp. 9 x 5.

Stem viscid when young in damp weather.

[sulfurmus, Q. P. convex, sulphur yellow, edge white, disc
with saffron points ; g. sulphur then tawny ; s. silky, yellowish white.

fulmineus, Fr. P. 3—5 cm. exp. tawny, edge orange, with
adpressed tawny scales ; g. at first pure yellow ; s. 2—3 cm. yellow,
naked, apex with a white veil, bulb ample, rooting ; sp. 10 x 5 — 6.

Stem slightly viscid at first. C. fulgens differs in tan-coloured
flesh.

elegantior, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, edge at first incurved,
tawny, flesh yellowish ; g. egg-yellow then olive ; s. yellowish, mar-
ginate ly bulbous.

orichalceus, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. exp. with a viscid pellicle, disc
reddish tawny cracked into patches, edge livid ; g. sulphur then
greenish ; s. 4 — 7 cm. fibrillose, yellowish, marginately bulbous ;
sp. - - .

testaceus, Cke. P. 6 — 9 cm. exp. obtusely umb. or depr. brick-
red then paler ; g. adnate ; s. 6 — 9 cm. whitish above, tinged rufous
below, bulb submarginate, flesh tinged reddish ; sp. 16x8, rough.

•}••{• "f -J* Gills olivaceous.

[rufoolivaceus, Pers. P. exp. rufous then paler; g. crowded,
olive ; s. green then yellowish, bulb submarginate.

prasinus, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. dingy bluish-green, spotted as
if scaly, edge incurved ; g. rather distant, olive-yellow ; s. 4 — 5 cm.
marginately bulbous, pale olive-green; sp. 10x5.

atrovirens, Kalchbr. P. 6 — 9 cm. convex, dusky-green or dusky-
olive, flesh yellowish green; g. yellow-green then tan; s. 6 — 7 cm.
bulb marginate, subturbinate, flesh tinged greenish ; sp. 10 x 6.

scaur us, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. equal, exp. smoky- tawny then pale,
spotted, edge thin becoming striate ; g. crowded, purplish-olive;
s. 6 — 7 cm. greenish or bluish, never yellow, narrowed upwards from
marginate bulb ; sp. 10 x 5.

herpeticus, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. exp. olive then dingy tan, flesh
violet then whitish ; g. violet-umber then sooty-olive ; s. 5 — 7 cm.
fibrillose, pallid, bulb napiform, marginate; sp. 10x6.

182 Cortinariw.

# # #

ELASTICI. Veil simple, thin, fugacious, median or
inferior. Stem never marginately bulbous or peronate,
but elastic, rigid, externally polished, shining, carti-

t Gills white then tan or dingy cinnamon.

cumatiHs, Fr. P. 7 — 9 cm. obtuse, with bluish-violet gluten,
disc brownish ; g. adnexed, serrate ; s. 6 — 7 cm. subbulbous, white,
veil forming a volva at base; sp. - - .

serarius, Fr. P. 3 — 9 cm. gibbous, not polished, viscid, opaque,
reddish-tan ; g. arcuato-adfi xed ; s. 7 — 9 cm. fibrillose, shining, and
like the flesh white ; sp. - - .

emollitus, Fr. P. 6—8 cm. exp. wavy, slightly fibrillose-virgate,
tawny then ochre and shining ; g. white then ochre ; s. 3—4 cm.
scarcely bulbous, fibrillose, white as is also the flesh ; sp. - - .

cristallinus, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. exp. very glabrous, viscid, shining,
hygr. pallid, edge whitish ; g. crowded, tan ; s. 5 — 6 cm. hollow,
nearly equal, white ; sp. 8 x 4.

decoloratus, Fr. P. 4 — 9 cm. exp. soon dry and flocculose, tan
then pale, often corrugated when old; g. greyish-tan; s. 6 — 7 cm.
base thickened, fibrillosely-striate, silvery ; sp. 7 x 4.

f f Gills violet, purplish or flesh-colour.

decolorans, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. all one colour, yellow ; g. dry,
purplish then tan ; s. 5 — 8 cm. narrowed upwards, and like the flesh,
white; sp. 10x8.

porphyropus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. thin, virgate, ochre, often
spotted ; g. rather crowded, thin ; s. 5 — 9 cm. somewhat attenuated,
lilac, purplish when bruised as is also the flesh; sp. 10 — 12 x 7.

[rubropunctatus, Karst. P. thin, convexo-plane, even, glabrous,
glutinous, yellow ; g. adnexed, crowded, white then ochre ; s. wavy,
fibrillose, white, apex pruinose red-punctate ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 5.

croceocoeruleus, Fr. P. 2—3 cm. exp. lilac ; g. lilac then
orange-tan ; s. 4 — 5 cm. hollow, fragile, white ; sp. 8 x 5.

[maculpsus, Fr. P. conico-convex then exp. and wavy, whitish
spotted with umber scales ; g. pinkish-white, grey then tan ; s.
squamosely fibrillose, white.

ttt Gills pure ochre, tawny, or rusty.

corruscans, Fr. P. 7 — 11 cm. plane, even, glabrous, yellowish
ochre often spotted ; g. plano-decur. closely crowded, ochre ; s.
7 — 12 cm. solid, elastic, white ; sp. - - .

papulosus, Fr. P. 5 — 8 cm. discoid, soon rivulose, granulato-
punctate, honey-tan, disc darker; g. adnato-decur. ; s. 6 — 7 cm.
fibrillose, white ; sp. — .

Cortinarius. 183

[intentus, Pr. P. exp. soft, ochre or tawny ; g. adnate, closely
crowded, bright saffron ; s. hollow, rigid, fragile, yellowish.

[compar, Fr. P. exp. even, yellowish, edge thin; g. adnate,
rusty-cinnamon ; s. fibrillose, apex lilac.

[subsimilis, Fr. P. exp. sooty brown, flesh white ; g. adnate,
smoky then tan ; s. solid, equal, fibrillose, tawny.

tttt Gills olive or smoky.

[olivascens, Fr. P. exp. olive then sooty at length pale ; g. tan
tinged olive ; s. silvery-pallid. Taste very acrid.

II. MYXACIUM.

Universal veil glutinous, hence pileus and scarcely bulbous
stem viscid. Pileus rather thin. Gills adnate or
decurrent.

* COLLINITI. Stem fioccosely peronate, flocci at first
covered with gluten.

[alutipes, Lasch. P. exp. obtuse, even, yellow-brown or bay;
g. adnate, rather distant, tawny cinnamon ; s. solid, stout, peronato-
annulate, glutinous.

arvinaceus, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. exp. edge patent, golden-tawny or
reddish-tan ; g. adnato-decur. straw-colour then ochre ; s. 10 — 17 cm.
cylindric, yellowish-white, silky-viscid ; sp. - - .

collinitus, Fr. P. 7 — 11 cm. fleshy, convex and incurved then
exp. even, shining, tawny-orange ; g. adnate, greyish tan then cinna-
mon ; s. 7 — 12 cm. cylindric, floccosely glutinous broken up into
transverse squamules ; sp. 12x6.

var. mucosus, Fr. Firmer. S. even, silky ; g. whitish then
rusty.

falpinus, Boud. P. convex camp, firm, viscid, tawny yellow ;
s. white, apex sulcate, ring and below glutinous ; g. adnate, broad,
cinnamon, edge paler. Flesh pale ochraceous.

Differs from C. collinitus and C. livido-ochraceus in very convex
p. and permanently white s. grooved at apex.

mucifluus, Fr. P. 3—7 cm. campan.-exp. smeared with hyaline
gluten that disappears, edge striate livid-tan or yellowish ; g. adnate,
tan ; s. 5 — 7 cm. narrowed downwards, viscid and floccosely squamu-
lose, white or tinged violet ; sp. 12x7.

elatior, Fr. P. 7—9 cm. cylindrical then exp. thin except disc,
plicato-rugose, livid yellow then dingy ochre ; g. adnate, very broad,
connected by veins ; s. 10 — 16 cm. narrowed to both ends, whitish
or tinged lilac; sp. 12x6.

grallipes, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. thin, campan. then exp. umb. even,

184 Cortinarius.

hygr. rusty then ochre ; g. adnato-decur. very broad ; s. 9 — 14 cm.
stuffed then hollow, rather wavy, yellowish ; sp. — .

Habit of G. hinnuleus, but viscid.

livido-ochraceus, B. P. 3 — 5 cm. very thin, exp. ochre ; g.
rounded behind and slightly adnexed, cinnamon ; s. 2 — 3 cm. nar-
rowed at both ends, whitish ; sp. 8 — 10 x 5 — 7.

[suratus, Fr. P. convex, equal, yellow, shining, disc depr.
brownish, cracked ; g. adnate, violet then dingy flesh-colour ; s. solid,
rather bulbous, flexuous, with yellowish scales, apex naked, tinged
violet.

* * DELIBUTI. Veil entirely viscid, stem not floccosely
peronate but only viscid, shining when dry.

t Gills whitish then tan.

nitidus, Fr. P. 5 — 12 cm. exp. or depr. discoid, honey-coloured
tan then pale, disc tan ; g. truly and equally attenuato-decur.
crowded; s. 5 — 9 cm. clavate, white, apex with white meal; sp.
10—12 x 8.

[emunctus, Trog. P. campan. convex, pale violet then grey ; g.
adnate, subdistant ; s. glutinous, pallid, apex naked, white.

[liquidus, Fr. P. exp. even, glutinous, yellowish, silky and
whitish when dry ; g. truly decur. distant ; s. attenuated, glutinous,
white.

t t Gills at first violet, bluish or reddish.

salor, Fr. P. 4— 5 cm. exp. gibbous, innately fibrillose, violet;
g. adnate, tan, edge violet ; s. 4 — 7 cm. solid, conically attenuated,
bulbous, glabrous, covered at the apex with the blue glutinous veil ;
sp. 8 — 10x6.

[naevosus, Fr. P. exp. subdepr. reddish yellow, crowded with
minute spot-like scales ; g. emarginate, broad, blue then tan ; s. solid,
pallid grey, with yellowish hyaline gluten.

delibutus, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. exp. obtuse, yellowish with viscid
hyaline gluten; g. adnate, serrulate, pallid blue then rusty; s.
5 — 9 cm. thin, attenuated, with whitish gluten ; sp. 8 x 4.

var. elegans, Fr. P. and s. quite glabrous, with yellow viscidity,
shining when dry ; flesh yellowish white.

illibatus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. campan.-convex, then exp. and sub-
umb. yellow disc darker ; g. adnato-decur. crowded, rosy then tan ;
s. 5 — 7 cm. white, glabrous, often with reddish spots above; sp.
16—16 x 6—7.

1 1 1 Gill8 at first ochraceous or cinnamon.

[epipoleus, Fr. P. exp. gibbous, hoary-shining ; g. decur. edge
wavy, rather distant, tan ; s. bulbous, clavate, obsoletely violet, viscid.

Cortinarius. 185

stillatitius, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. subumb. even, smeared at first
with blue gluten, then livid fuscous, finally greyish-white ; g. emar-
ginate, broad ; s. 5—7 cm. hollow, very soft, with blue mucus ; sp.
8x4.

Somewhat resembling C. elatior but smaller, and veil not
floccose.

vibratilis, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. thin, almost plane, subgibbous, hygr.
yellow or tawny, golden and shining when dry ; g. adnato-decur.
crowded ; s. soft, conical, snow-white, glutinous veil fugacious ; sp.
8x5.

Habit of C. armeniacus and C. caustics. Differs from both in
very soft, snow-white stem, and glutinous veil.

pluvius, Fr. P. 1-5 — 2 '5 cm. globose, then convex, viscid, hygr.
yellowish tawny, tan and opaque when dry ; g. decur. then seceding,
white then ochre; s. 5 — 6 cm. slender, subequal, soft, white then
pallid ; sp. 10 x 8.

[oliveus, Q. P. fibrilloso-virgate, viscid, olive green, flesh
yellowish-olive ; s. silky, citrin, base clavate ; g. reddish amethyst

III. INOLOMA.

Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first scaly, fJbrillose or
innately silky, not hygrophanous. Veil simple. Stem
fleshy, subbulbous.

* Gills at first white or pallid.

opimus, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. hard, exp. unequal, dry, with adpressed
tan tomentum, rimoso-rivulose ; g. emarginate, white then tan ; s.
2-5 — 3 cm. hard, stout, pallid, with white fibrils ; sp. - .

var. fulvobrunneus, Fr. P. glabrous then rivulose; g. very
broad.

[argutus, Fr. P. conical then exp. subgibbous, silky-fibrillose,
pchraceous ; g. adnate ; s. solid, ventricose, fibroso-squamose, yellow-
ish white.

turgidus, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. atomate then glabrous, whitish
tan, shining, edge at first silky ; g. emarginate, crowded, edge entire ;
s. 4 — 6 cm. bulbous, rimosely-striate, glabrous, silvery shining ;
sp. - .

Differs from C. argentatus in very obtuse p. and entire edge of
gills.

[praestans, Cord. P. convex, orbicular, silky-shining, brownish
violet ; g. hyaline then grey ; s. fibrous inside, solid, whitish, cylin-
drical, sometimes wavy, rather bulbous. Esculent.

argentatus, Krombh. P. 6 — 9 cm. convex, almost glabrous,
silvery grey, shining, disc subgibbous, pallid, near the edge at first
silky-lilac ; g. emarginate, crowded, serrate ; s. 7 — 9 cm. stout, white ;
sp. 8x5.

var. pinetorum, Fr. Smaller. At first lilac and silky.

186 Cortinarius.

* * Gills with veil and stem more or less violet.

violaceus, L. P. 7 — 14 cm. very fleshy, dark violet, with downy
scales ; g. broad, thick, distant, dark ; s. 6— 9 cm. bulbous, spongy,
downy, greyish violet ; sp. 12 — 14 x 9 — 10.

Dark violet both outside and inside.

cyanites, Fr. P. 6 — 10 cm. obtuse silky, even, pale blue; g. at
first clear blue ; s. 7 — 12 cm. blue, bulbous, with red juice ; sp.
10 x 5—6.

var. major, Fr. P. and s. slowly becoming reddish; g. dark
blue-grey.

[calopus, Karst. P. convex, exp. even, hoary, silky-lilac near
edge at first, then more or less rusty ; g. adnate, at first pale
cinnamon, entire; s. solid, equal, base thickened, usually curved,
purple-lilac then pale, floccosely-scaly then pale ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4 — 5.

muricinus, Fr. P. 7 — 10 cm. obtuse, rufous violet, edge fibrillose ;
g. rather crowded ; s. 6 — 7 cm. bulbous, juiceless, downy, purplish
violet ; sp. 8 — 9 x 4 — 5.

Flesh sky-blue then whitish.

[cinereo-violaceus, Fr. P. obtuse, violet then umber, squamu-
losely punctate ; g. adnate, purple-umber ; s. clavato-bulbous, firm,
juiceless, reddish violet then pallid.

albo-violaceus, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. convex, silky, at length broadly
gibbous, whitish violet ; g. serrulate, greyish violet ; s. 4 — 5 cm.
clavate, whitish violet, with a median ring-like zone ; sp. 12 x 5 — 6.

malachius, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. pale lilac then brownish, tan when
dry, white- fibrillose at first; g. crowded, pale purple then rusty;
s. 7 — 10 cm. bulbous, bluish-peronate ; sp. 10 — 12 x 6 — 7.

camphoratus, Fr. Smell strong. P. 5 — 8 cm. obtuse, lilac,
silky, then whitish or yellowish, flesh blue; g. clear blue then
purplish; s. 7 — 12 cm. bulbous, juiceless, bluish from the cortina,
inside the base white ; sp. 9 x 6.

hircinus, Fr. Smell strong, foetid. P. 4 — 5 cm. obtuse or
gibbous, with adpr. silky violet fibrils then pale, disc glabrous
becoming rusty ; g. broad, violet then cinnamon ; s. 4 — 5 cm. bulbous,
juiceless, violet then pallid, base yellowish inside ; sp. — .

* * * Gills and veil cinnamon, red or ochre.

traganus, Fr. Smell strong, foetid. P. 5—7 cm. obtuse, lilac-
fibrillose then pale ; g. thick, crenate, at first saffron-ochre ; s. 7 — 12
cm. bulbous, spongy, tinged violet, inside saffron ; sp. 9 — 10 x 6.

\nr.finitimus, Weinm. Smell not so foetid as in type ; s. yellowish
and mottled inside.

tophaceus, Fr. P. 7 — 9 cm. obtuse, tawny-ochre, villosely scaly,
flesh white; g. emarginate, tawny cinnamon; s. 5 — 7 cm. villoso-
scaly, yellowish ; sp. 10x5.

Entirely ochraceous or yellow.

Cortinarius. 187

var. redemitus, Fr. P. slender, at length broadly gibbous, golden-
yellow, with darker adpressed fibrils; s. fibrillosely striate, base
slightly thickened.

suillus, Fr. P. 7—9 cm. obtuse, brick-red then paler, margin
silky then innately squamulose ; g. adnate, broad, opaque, tan ;
s. 7 — 9 cm. clavate, spongy, adpressedly woolly below, middle fibril-
lose, apex silky, even, violet ; sp. — .

Gills fragile, connected by veins at base.

callisteus, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. convexo-plane, tawny-yellow, nearly
glabrous, even, innately squamulose, flesh yellowish; g. adnate,
floccosely connected behind ; s. 7 — 1 1 cm. bulbous, tawny fibrillose ;
sp. - .

Bulliardi, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3 — 7 cm. campan.-convex, sub-
gibbous, even, or squamulose, rufescent ; g. adnexed, broad, rusty-
purplish ; s. 4 — 6 cm. bulbous, short, firm, vermilion fibrillose below,
apex whitish ; sp. 8 — 10 x 6.

vinosus, Cke. P. 5 — 7 cm. subgl. then exp. vinous red, smooth,
even, shining ; g. adnexed, ventricose, rusty tan ; s. 5 — 8 cm.
thickened abruptly into a reddish marginate bulb, pale violet above ;
sp. 16—18x8.

[pavonius, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, broken up into broad vermilion
scales ; g. violet then cinnamon ; s. solid, short, bulbous, with rufous
fibrils.

bolaris, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. exp. obsoletely umb. reddish-yellow,
variegated with saffron-red, innate, pilose adpressed scales, then pale ;
g. subdecur. crowded ; s. 5 — 7 cm. stuffed then hollow, nearly equal,
scaly, colour of p. ; sp. 10 x 5.

[craticus, Fr. P. fleshy, campan.-exp. obtusely umb. covered
with reddish brick-coloured, innate interwoven fibrils ; g. crowded ;
s. solid, narrowed upwards, glabrous, reddish below, becoming pale,
base tomentose.

' * * * * Gills and veil dusky, fuscous, or olive.

pholideus, Fr. P. 4 — 9 cm. exp. obtusely umb. fawn, densely
squamulose with blackish fascicles of hairs ; g. violet then tan ;
s. 6 — 9 cm. with dusky squarrose squamules up to ring, apex even,
violet ; sp. 5 x 3 — 4.

sublanatus, Fr. Smell resembling radishes. P. 6 — 9 cm. cam-
pan.-exp. umb. brownish tan, with innate pilose squamules ; g. olive
then yellowish ; s. 6 — 7 cm. attenuated from a bulbous base, glabrous
and pallid above, squamulose with fuscous down below; sp. 14 — 16
x8— 9.

phrygianus, Fr. Smell like radishes. P. 5 — 7 cm. obtuse, honey
colour, hispid with crowded simple black fibrils; g. dingy yellow;
s. bulbous, with a lax reticulation of black fibrils ; sp. - .

arenatus, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. convex, gibbous at first, reddish
tawny, granular with floccose squamules ; g. yellowish tan ; s. 6 — 7

188 Cortinarius.

cm. brownish squamulose above the middle, apex even, pallid;
sp. 7x5.

C. phrygianus differs in blackish squamules of p. and s. and
strong smell of radishes. Both are often tinged olive when young.

[melanotus, Kalchbr. P. convex, yellow, covered with minute,
adpressed, blackish-olive scales, flesh olive-yellow ; g. yellowish
cinnamon; s. solid, narrowed upwards, yellowish, with small umber
scales up to ring.

penicillatus, Fr. P. 3 — 4 cm. convex, umb. rusty-brown, densely
floccose with innate scales; g. dusky brown; s. 4 — 7 cm. slender,
equal, with adpressed rusty-brown scales ; sp. 8 — 9 x 5.

IV. DERMOCYBE.

Flesh of pileus thin, everywhere equal, at first downy or
subinnately silky, but glabrous when adult, dry, not
hygr.

* Gills at first whitish or pallid.

ochroleucus, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. gibbous then obtuse, even, pallid
white ; g. crowded becoming ochre-tan ; s. 4 — 7 cm. solid, firm,
ventricose, white ; sp. 8 x 4 — 5.

decumbens, Fr. P. 3 — 4 cm. exp. even, white then yellowish,
shining; g. tan from first; s. 3 — 4 cm. hollow, clavato-bulbous,
ascending, pallid ; sp. — .

riculatus, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. exp. gibbous, yellowish, with ad-
pressed silky bloom, becoming whitish, disc naked ; g. adnate ;
s. 5 — 7 cm. hollow, pallid, base thickened.

tabularis, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. soon plane, flocculose then almost
glabrous, brownish tan then pale ; g. emarginate ; s. 5 — 7 cm. white,
adpressedly fibrilloso-scaly then almpst glabrous ; sp. — .

[ochrophyllus, Fr. P. exp. dry, glabrous, brownish olive then
pale; g. ochre then tan; s. solid, pallid, variegated with darker
adpressed scales.

camarus, Fr. Fragile. P. 5 — 7 cm. gibbous, hoary brown then
pale ; g. subadnate ; s. 5 — 7 cm. partly hollow, equal, curved, inside
and outside white, apex silvery shining ; sp. 8 — 9 x 6 — 7.

diabolicus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. hemispher. obtuse then gibbous,
fucescent with a grey bloom, then glabrous and tawny yellow;
g. subemarginately adnexed ; s. 6 — 7 cm. glabrous, pallid, apex grey;
sp. 10—12 x 7.

* * Gills at first violet then purplish.

caninus, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. exp. nearly glabrous, rufous-brick-red,
tawny when dry ; g. broad, purple then cinnamon ; s. 5 — 7 cm.
clavately bulbous, subperonate, pallid, apex violet ; sp. 8 x 5 — 6.

Cortinarius. 189

myrtillinus, Fr. P. 5—7 cm. gibbous then flattened, sooty,
hoary with white fibrils ; g. rather distant, amethyst-blue then bluish
tan ; s. 4 — 5 cm. bulbous silky, not zoned, whitish ; sp. 10 x 5.

Apex of stem violet ; no purple in g.

azureus, Fr. P. 3—5 cm. silky or atomate shining, hoary lilac ;
g. clear blue- violet ; s. 4 — 7 cm. glabrous, slightly striate, base
thickened, downy, whitish ; sp. 9 x 6.

albocyaneus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. hoary silky then glabrous,
white then yellowish ; g. broad, crowded, bluish purple then sub-
ochre ; s. 6 — 9 cm. subclavate, naked, whitish ; sp. 6—10 x 4 — 7.

Differs from C. anomalus in clavate s. and flattened p.

anomalus, Fr. P. 2'5 — 5 cm. obtuse then gibbous, sooty-rufous,
hoary fibrillose then glabrous and tawny ; g. crowded, bluish-purple
then cinnamon; s. 5 — 7 cm. thin, attenuated, fibrillose, somewhat
scaly, violet then pallid ; sp. 8 — 9 x 7.

spilomeus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. gibbous, dry, fuscous then tan ;
g. crowded, narrow ; s. 4 — 5 cm. whitish lilac variegated with tawny
rufous scales; sp. - .

Differs from C. anomalus in scaly stem.

lepidopus, Cke. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. gibbous, umber with a tinge
of violet at edge, becoming rufescent ; g. adnate, violet then cinna-
mon ; s. 6 — 9 cm. narrowed upwards, rather wavy, whitish or tinged
lilac, with concentric darker zones ; sp. 9 x 6.

[Lebretonii, Q. P. lilac then fawn ; s. lilac, dotted with saffron
flecks.

* * * Gills shining cinnamon, red, or yellow. Stem and
fibrillose cortina coloured.

miltinus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. convex, bay-cinnamon, soon very
glabrous and shining ; g. adnate, narrow, crowded, rusty ; s. 5 — 7 cm.
equally narrowed upwards, cinnamon, reddish-fibrillose ; sp. 6 x 4.

cinnabarinus, Fr. Smell strong, like radishes. Every part
crimson-lake. P. 2 — 5 cm. obtuse, silky then almost glabrous,
shining; g. adnate, broad, rather distant, darker; s. 3 — 5 cm.
fibrillose ; sp. 8 x 5.

Differs from C. sanguineus in stuffed s., radishy smell, and broad
gills with an olive tinge.

sanguineus, Fr. Entirely blood-red. P. 2—5 cm. obtuse,
innately silky or squamulose ; g. crowded, broadish ; s. 3 — 5 cm.
stuffed then hollow, thin, equal ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

anthracinus, Fr. P. 1*5 — 3 cm. convex exp. umb. somewhat
chestnut; g. adnate, crowded, scarlet, blood- red when bruised;
s. 4 — 5 cm. fibrillose, deep blood-red ; sp. 7 x 5.

cinnamomeus, Fr. P. 2'5 — 5 cm. obtuse, umb. somewhat cinna-
mon with yellowish innate fibrils ; g. adnate, broad, crowded, shining,
yellowish ; s. 4 — 9 cm. equal, with flesh and veil yellowish ; sp.
7—8 x 4—5.

190 Cortinarius.

var. croceus, Fr. Smaller. P. subsquamulose, sometimes tinged
olive ; g. less crowded, yellowish and sometimes olive, as is also
the s.

var. semisanguineiiS) Fr. G. blood-red or orange-red.

uliginosus, B. P. 2 — 3 cm. conico-campan. then exp. strongly
umb. bright red-brown or brick-red, flesh olive-yellow ; g. adnate,
yellow, olive, tan ; s. 4 — 9 cm. flexuous, paler than p. ; sp. 7 x 4 — 5. 4

croceoconus, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. conico-campan. persistently acute,
tawny cinnamon ; g. linear, crowded ; s. 4— 7 cm. slender, flexuous,
hollow ; sp. - .

orellanus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. obtusely umb. villosely squamulose
or fibrillose orange-tawny, flesh reddish ; g. adfixed, broad ; s. 3 — 5
cm. solid, fibrillosely striate, tawny ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3 — 4.

Differs from G. cinnamomeus in solid stem and reddish flesh.

malicorius, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. exp. obtuse, velvety-fibrillose,
tawny-golden, flesh splitting, yellow then olive-green; g. crowded,
tawny orange, edge becoming flocculose ; s. 4 — 5 cm. hollow, fibrillose,
golden ; sp. — .

Differs from C. cinnamomeus in persistently hollow s. golden
then olive-brown ; flesh yellow then greenish- or golden-olive.

infucatus, Fr. P. 3—5 cm. convex, obtuse, bright yellow ; g.
adnate, crowded, tawny then cinnamon ; s. 4 — 5 cm. narrowed from
clavate base, fibrillose, whitish or yellowish ; sp. 10x5.

[fucatophyllus, Lasch. P. acutely umb. fibrillosely scaly, brown-
ish ; g. broad, yellow with crimson spots, denticulate ; s. fibrillose,
yellowish, veil reddish.

colymbadinus, Fr. P. subgibbous, with seceding yellow fibrils,
yellowish ; flesh splitting, yellowish ; g. rather distant, broad, thick,
rusty, edge white-floccose ; s. equal, fibrillosely striate, naked, pallid.

* * * * Becoming olivaceous. Veil dingy, pallid or tinged
fuscous. P ileus not broken up into scales.

cotoneus, Fr. P. 5 — 8 cm. olivaceous, campan. exp. bullate,
wavy, innately velvety ; g. olive then brownish tan ; s. 5 — 8 cm.
solid, base thickened, pale olive, veil forming a fuscous zone ; sp.
10—11x8.

subnotatus, Fr. P. 6—9 cm. campan. then exp. olive then
fuscous, at first clothed with superficial hoary squamules, soon
glabrous ; g. yellowish then olive tan ; s. 6—9 cm. conical, squamulose
with yellowish fragments of veil, apex glabrous, shining ; sp. 10x5.

valgus, Fr. Fragile. P. 5 — 7 cm. convex, subgibbous, almost
glabrous, olive then brick-red, edge submembranaceous ; g. dingy
yellow red then brick-red ; s. 7 — 12 cm. twisted, naked, pallid,
shining, apex striate, tinged violet, bulb with white down, rooting j
sp. - .

raphanoides, Fr. Smell strong, like radishes. P. 2 — 5 cm.

Cortinarius. 191

campan. then exp. gibbous, silky with innate fibrils, olive then tawny •
g. olive then cinnamon ; s. 5—7 cm. firm, fibrillose, paler ; sp. 8 x 5.

[depexus, Fr. P. thin, convex then plane, brick-red becoming
pale ; g. adnate, yellowish then cinnamon, opaque ; s. equal, fibril-
losely striate, pallid.

venetus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. thin, convex then exp. silky-villose,
olive then yellowish, opaque ; g. broad, veined, yellowish-olive then
olive-cinnamon ; s. 4 — 7 cm. fibrilloso-striate, with the veil colour of
p.; sp. 10 x5.

P. obtusely umb. sea-green or clear yellow-green as is the flesh.

[olivascens, Karst. P. thin, edge submembr. firm, equal, convex
then plane, even, glabrous, olive ; s. pallid, fibrillose, ring fugacious ;
g. adnexed, very broad tawny rusty ; sp. 7—10 x 3 — 4.

V. TELAMONIA.

Pileus hygr. at first glabrous or with whitish superficial
fibrils. Flesh entirely thin or the margin abruptly so,
splitting. Universal veil peronate or forming a ring
low on the stem; apex somewhat cortinate, hence the
veil is somewhat duplex.

* PLATYPHILLI. Gills very broad, thickish, more or less
distant. Stem spongy or entirely fibrous.

(Colour when dry given in brackets.)
f Stem and veil white or whitish.

macropus, Fr. P. 6 — 7 cm. convex, incurved, then exp. hoary
with minute squamules, brick-red then rusty ; g. distant, very broad ;
s. 7 — 14 cm. equal, fibrillose, whitish, ring distant ; sp. 8 x 5.

[testaceo-canescens, F. P. convex, brick-red, with greyish
squamules ; g. emarginato-adnate ; s. rigid, equal, silky-shining.

laniger, Fr. P. 6 — 7 cm. exp. woolly with white superficial
scales, then glabrous and bright or dusky tawny ; g. saffron-tawny ;
s. white, peronate up to distinct ring, veil shining white ; sp. — .

bivelus, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. convexo-exp. glabrous, tawny brick-
red ; g. adnate, bright tawny cinnamon ; s. 6 — 7 cm. subbulbous,
dingy white, peronate, ring spurious, fugacious; sp. 10x5 — 6.

bulbosus, Fr. P. 6 — 7 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, bay (dusky
brick-red) disc subgibbous ; g. adnate, opaque; s. 5 — 7 cm. stout,
bulbous, pallid, peronate with white veil up to ring ; sp. 8 x 3—4.

urbicus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. convexo-plane, glabrous, silvery white;
g. emarginate, broad ; s. 4 — 5 cm. equal, peronate, white and downy
above ring; sp. - .

licinipes, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. convex then exp. umb. glabrous,
yellowish red ; g. adnate, very broad ; s. 8 — 12 cm. pallid floccose
with white scales ; sp. — .

192 Cortinarius.

microcyclus, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. thin, plano-convex, fuscous brick-
red then pale ; g. adnate, very broad, lilac then cinnamon ; s. 3 — 5
cm. narrowed from base, pallid, white annular zone evident;
sp. — .

Differs from C. decipiens in somewhat bulbous stem and white
annular zone.

•f "f* Stem and gills violet. Cortina usually white with
a violet tinge, but universal veil white.

torvus, Fr. P. 5 — 12 cm. convex-exp. obtuse, bay or tinged
violet at first then brick-red, hoary with fibrillose squamules then
almost glabrous ; g. thick, distant, very broad, purplish umber then
cinnamon ; s. 7 — 12 cm. bulbous then elongated and equal, vaginate
with the white persistent veil, apex violet cortinate ; sp. 12 x 7 — 8.
Flesh usually bored by larvae.

impennis, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. fleshy, convex, obtuse, rigid, gla-
brous, somewhat brick-red then pale; g. thick, distant, violet,
purplish, then cinnamon ; s. 4 — 7 cm. rather bulbous, pallid, im-
perfect ring and apex violet, whitish cortinate, solid ; sp. 10 — 11 x 7.

lucorum, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. even bay brick-red when moist;
g. emarginate, cinnamon with a fugacious tinge of flesh-colour violet ;
s. 4 — 5 cm. clavate, very fibrillose, one colour, becoming pale ; sp.
10x5.

plumiger, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. conico-campan. gibbous, brownish-
olive, densely covered with white feathery flecks ; g. crowded, broad,
edge entire, coloured like rest ; s. 6 — 9 cm. clavato-bulbous, floccose,
pale ; sp. 10 x5.

scutulatus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. ovate, exp. obtuse, purplish umber
(brick-red) silky white round edge at first, then broken up into
squamules ; g. adnate, violet purple ; s. 6 — 9 cm. solid, rigid, rather
bulbous, outside and inside dusky violet, peronate and more or less
ringed white ; sp. 7 x 3.

eyernius, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. conico-campan. exp. glabrous,
purplish bay (brick-red and hoary) at length torn into fibrils; g.
adnate, very broad, violet purple; s. 7 — 14 cm. cylindrical, soft,
violet, obsoletely ringed from the veil ; sp. 10x7.

quadricolor, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. conical then exp. whitish yellow
(becoming tawny) edge radiato-striate ; g. adnate, broad, serrate,
purplish then cinnamon ; s. 6 — 7 cm. stuffed then hollow, equal, thin,
whitish violet, veil forming an oblique white zone : sp. 10 — 11 x 6 — 7.

•}• •(• "f* Stem and veil reddish or yellowish. Gills tawny or
cinnamon, not violet nor becoming brown.

armillatus, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. campan. exp. soon innately fibril-
lose and torn into squamules, reddish brick-colour ; g. very broad,

Cortinarius. 193

distant ; s. 8—12 cm solid, bulbous, rufescent, with two or three red
zones; sp. 10x6.

Differs from G. hematochelis in distant gills, and more than one
red zone on stem.

haematochelis, Bull. P. 6—9 cm. gibbous, silky fibrillose
brownish brick-red (pallid); g. adnate, crowded, rather narrow';
s. 8 — 11 cm. solid, narrowed upwards, with one red zone- sn
10 x 7—8.

[paragaudis, Fr. P. campan. exp. umb. bay (tawny tan); g.
adnexed, ventricose ; s. elongated, twisted, pale red, peronate with
adpressed fibrillose reddish squamules.

var. praestigiosus, Fr. P. thin, striate, silky-fibrous towards
edge ; s. hollow, equal, slender ; g. thin, distant, tawny cinnamon.

croceofulvus, Fr. P. 4 — 9 cm. exp. umb. even, tawny orange ;
g. adnate, rusty; s. 6—9 cm. solid, equal, reddish-yellow, with a
narrow orange zone ; sp. 8 — 10 x 6. Flesh yellow.

limonius, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. couvexo-plane, obtuse, glabrous,
tawny (yellowish ochre), at length squamulose; g. rather distant,
yellow then tawny cinnamon; s. 6 — 7 cm. solid, firm, floccosely
squamulose, colour of p.; sp. - .

Base of s. becoming deep saffron.

[arenarius, Q. P. pruinose, ochraceous-fawn ; g. pale fuscescent ;
s. rooting, fibrillosely floccose, sulphur.

helvolus, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. incurved then exp. glabrous, hygr.
tawny-rusty then cracked umbo obtuse, vanishing ; g. very broad,
thick; s. 10 — 18 cm. attenuated, veil silky, almost smooth, peronate,
terminated by a rusty edged annular zone ; sp. 6 x 5.

hinnuleus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. thin, conico-campan. exp. subumb.
glabrous, pallid tawny-cinnamon (somewhat tawny) ; g. distant, broad,
quite entire, tawny cinnamon ; s. 6 — 9 cm. rigid, somewhat tawny,
narrowed below, white silky veil almost smooth forming a pallid zone
at apex ; sp. 10 — 12 x 7 — 8.

gentilis, Fr. P. 1-5—2-5, conico-exp. acutely umb. even, glabrous
then cracked, tawny cinnamon (yellow) ; g. aduate, thick, very distant,
entire, edge coloured like rest; s. 6 — 9 cm. slender, equal, scaly, tawny
cinnamon, scales and oblique ring, yellow ; sp. 7—8 x 6.

helvelloides, Fr. P. 1-5 — 2'5, thin, subconvex, obsoletely umb.
rusty (tawny then pale), then cracked ; g. adnate, violet-umber then
cinnamon, edge floccose, white; s. 4 — 7 cm. slender, undulate,
silky fibrillose, with the imperfect ring and veil yellowish; sp.
7x5.

rubellus, Cke. P. 4 — 7 cm. campan. then exp. rufous orange
umbo darkest, flesh reddish-ochre ; g. adnate, sinuate, bright rusty-
red; s. 6 — 9 cm. pale above, dark below, with darker concentric
bands ; sp. 8 x 5.

M. P. 13

194 Cortinarius.

1 1 1 1 Stem fuscescent, veil fuscous or dingy, gills dusky.
[Species of Inoloma and Dermocybe are often pero-
nately ringed, but the pileus is not hygr. and scaly or
silky at first.]

bovinus, Fr. P. 6 — 11 cm. convexo-plane, even, glabrous, watery
cinnamon (somewhat tawny); g. very broad; s. 6 — 7 cm. stout,
spongily bulbous, greyish then fuscous-cinnamon, whitish above
fuscous zone ; sp. - .

nitrosus, Cke. Stinking. P. 4 — 7 cm. obtuse, exp. edge
wavy, fawn or tawny, disc darker, soon breaking up into darker,
minute concentric scales ; g. violet then dilute cinnamon ; s. 4 — 7 cm.
equal, ochre, base darker, with dark concentric squamules ; sp.
12x4.

brunneus, Fr. P. 6—9 cm. campan.-exp. umber (reddish tan
dingy), naked, broken up into innate fibrils near edge, umbo fleshy,
obtuse ; g. adnate, thick, distant, purplish then umber-cinnamon ;
s. 7 — 9 cm. narrowed upwards, elastic, fuscescent, white-striate, veil
forming a brownish white zone ; sp. 10 — 12 x 6.

[disjungendus, Karst. P. convex, gibbous, even, glabrous,
tawny umber, white-striate ; g. adnate at first, distant ; s. solid,
equal, base thickened and radiating, dingy, curved; sp. 10 — 17
x5— 6.

injucundus, Weinm. P. 6 — 9 cm. compact, convexo-plane, obtuse,
fuscous-cinnamon, fibrillose ; g. very broad, lilac then tan ; s. 6 — 9
cm. solid, clavate, colour of p. then tawny-yellow, fibrils and veil
fuscous ; sp. 10x5.

brunneofulvus, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. thin, campan. exp. subumb.
even, innately fibrillose, virgate, tawny cinnamon, edge at first white-
fibrillose ; g. adnate, very broad, opaque ; s. 6 — 9 cm. narrowed from
base, fibrillosely striate, fuscescent, at length pale tawny outside and
inside; sp. - .

glandicolor, Fr. Entirely umber. P. T5 — 2 '5 cm. exp. umb.
hoary-fuscous when dry; g. adnate, broad, distant, entire; s. 7 — 11
cm. equal, slender, straight, veil forming a distant white zone ;
sp. - - .

var. curta, Fr. S. 2 — 3 cm. long, wavy, peronate with white veil,
cingulate, umbo blackish.

punctatus, Fr. P. T5 — 2'5 cm. thin, conico-convex, glabrous,
hoary-umber (tan), at length even; g. adnate, very distant, entire,
brownish-cinnamon ; s. 4 — 7 cm. slender, undulate, fibrillosely striate,
brownish-yellow, a zone formed by the fugacious pale fuscous veil ;,
sp. 7x4.

Cortinarius. 195

* * LEPTOPHYLLI. Gills narrow, thin, more or less
crowded. Pileus thin. Stem somewhat cartilaginous
and rigid outside, stuffed or hollow, often narrowed
below.

•f1 Stem whitish or pallid, floccosely scaly.

triformis, Fr. P. 4 — 9 cm. convexo-plane, subumb. hygr. opaque,
almost glabrous, yellow-brown ; g. subadnate ; s. 6 — 7 cm. clavate,
almost glabrous, pallid, ring white ; sp. 10x6.

var. melleopallens, Fr. P. dingy honey-colour ; s. yellowish then
pallid, becoming hollow, ring interwoven.

v&r.fuscopallens, Fr. P. umb. fuscescent then pallid ; g. narrow,
watery white.

biformis, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. conico-campan. exp. glabrous, shining,
rusty bay, umbo fleshy, prominent ; g. adnate, crenulate ; s. 5 — 9 cm.
base narrowed, fibrillosely striate, pale, ring oblique, white ;
sp. - .

[fallax, Q. P. thin, becoming pallid; g. pallid then ochre; s.
wavy, slender, pallid, apex blue, ring white, fugacious.

[Lindgrenii, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, rusty (ochre-tan),
then wavy ; g. crowded, watery cinnamon ; s. short, adpressedly
silky, whitish, ring subapical, reflexed.

f f Stem violet.

periscelis, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. campan. then convex, lilac, white-
silky, umbo fleshy, rest very thin ; g. adnate, crowded, narrow ; s,
7 — 9 cm. fibrillose, colour of p. interwoven brownish veil subannu-
late ; sp. 7 — 8 X 4 — 5.

Usually several imperfect brownish rings on s.

[bibulus, Q. Greyish-lilac ; p. ellipsoid, moist, fibrillosely silky ;
g. dusky violet ; s. slender, covered with curled white flecks.

flexipes, Fr. P. 1'5 — 2'5 cm. conical then exp. acutely umb.
violet then brownish cinnamon (reddish tan) fibrillosely hoary ; g.
adnate, broad, umber-violet then tan ; s. 7 — 9 cm. wavy, subundu-
late, fibrillosely scaly, apex violet, veil white, subannulate ; sp. — .

flabellus, Fr. Smell strong, like radishes. P. 2 — 3 cm. conical,
exp. obtusely umb. fuscous-olive (tan) hoary fibrillose ; g. adnate,
connected by veins, linear, olive then rusty; s. 6 — 9 cm. wavy,
floccosely scaly pallid, scales and ring white ; sp. — .

-f"ff Stem and pileus tawny or rusty.

psammocephalus, Fr. Every part tawny cinnamon, inside also ;
p. 2 — 3 cm. convexo-exp. then umb. scurfily-scaly ; g. adnate,
arcuate, crowded; s. 3 — 4 cm. narrowed, squamulosely peronate
from the contiguous veil ; sp. 6 x 4.

incisus, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. conico-convex, exp. umb. naked but
soon innately fibrillosely scaly, hygr. rusty (tawuy); g. adnate; s.

13—2

196 Cortinarius.

2 — 3 cm. equal, fibroso-fibrillose, rusty, ring of white veil almost
obsolete ; sp. 5 x 3.

iliopodius, Fr. P. 3—5 cm. convex, subumb. silkily hoary then
almost glabrous, reddish yellow (tan), at length rimose ; g. adnate ;
s. 6 — 9 cm. equal, thin tawny (inside and outside), peronate with
even pallid veil, naked and fibrillose above ring ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

fttt Stem floccosely scaly, and like pileus fuscescent.

hemitrichus, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. convex then plane, umb. fuscous
(fuscous tan), silky towards the margin with white curled fibrils ; g.
adnate, crowded; s. 3 — 4 cm. hollow, subequal, pale fuscous, veil
white, floccose, as also is ring ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3 — 4.

stemmatus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, exp. obtuse, bay, hoary-
silky near the edge, fibrillose and pale when dry; g. adnate, crowded,
bay; s. 5 — 7 cm. floccosely scaly, subannulate, rusty-bay; sp. - - .

Differs from C. uraceus in squamulose s.

rigidus, Fr. Strong scented. P. 1 — 3 cm. conico-convex, umb.
glabrous, shining, bay (reddish) ; g. adnate, broad ; s. 5 — 9 cm.
equal, wavy, paler than p., veil white-squamulose, cingulate ; sp. — .

paleaceus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. conico-exp. umb. rather fuscous
(tan), silky with white downy squamules ; g. adiiate, truly crowded,
whitish then tan ; s. 5 — 7 cm. wavy, undulate, whitish-squamulose,
apex with whitish ring ; sp. 7 — 8 x 3.

iris, Massee. P. 2 — 3 cm. hemispher. then exp. acutely umb.
pale brown-ochre, silky, white-fibrillose ; g. much cut out behind,
orange-brown, edge entire ; s. 5 — 7 cm. conical, solid, orange-brown
and squamulose below ring, smooth and violet at first above ring ; sp.
10x5.

VI. HYDROCYBE.

Pileus glabrous or covered with superficial white fibrils, not
viscid but moist when growing, discoloured when dry ;
fiesh very thin, splitting, disc rarely compact. Stem
rather rigid, not peronate ; veil thin, fibrillose, rarely
collapsing and forming an irreg. zone.

* FIRMIORES. Pileus rather fleshy, convex then campan.-
convex, expanded, obtuse or at length gibbous, edge at
first incurved. Stem generally narrowed upwards.

(Colour when dry given in brackets.)
f Stem and veil white.

firmus, Fr. P. 6 — 7 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, rusty ochre, flesh
compact, white ; g. crowded ; s. 6 — 8 cm. solid, stout, rather bulbous,
white, veil rusty ;-sp. — .

Differs from C. subferrugineus by clear colour of p. and white s.

Cortinarius. 197

subferrugineus, Fr. P. 5—7 cm. exp. yellowish brick-red
becoming rusty, subhygr.; g. scarcely crowded, broad, opaque, rusty;
s. 6 — 8 cm. solid, spongy, rigid outside, subbulbous, white then
dingy; sp. 8—10x5-6.

armeniacus, Fr. P. 4—9 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, tawny
cinnamon (yellowish tan), shining; g. adnate, crowded; s. 5 — 7 cm.
conical, rigid, subperonate, white ; sp. 8—9 x 5.

v&v.falsarius, Fr. P. yellow, white when dry.

[umbilicatus, Karst. P. convexo-plane, minutely umbil. undu-
late, obtuse, even, glabrous, brown-bay; g. very broad, cinnamon; s.
equal, base thickened, whitish ; sp. 6 — 6'5 x 4 — 4'5.

damascenus, Fr. P. 5—7 cm. thin, exp. bay-cinnamon (brick-
red, rivulose) ; g. adnate, crowded ; s. 5 — 7 cm. solid, firm, cylindrical,
whitish; 12 x t>.

privignus, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, pallid
fuscous, silvery-hoary (tan then pallid); g. adnate, serrate; s.
6 — 7 cm. fragile, silvery white; sp. 8x5.

duracinus, Fr. P. 3—6 cm. rigid, exp. gibbous, watery brick-
red (tan, opaque), edge strongly incurved, silky ; g. adnate, thin ;
s. 3 — 5 cm. rigid, unequal, rooting, glabrous, white ; sp. 5 x 3.

[candelaris, Fr. P. conico-campan. obtuse, glabrous, reddish
dun (tawny, shining) edge slightly incurved white-silky; g. adnato-
decur. ; s. rigid, yellowish white, rooting.

illuminus, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, tawny brick-
red (brick-red, tan) edge thin ; g. adnate ; s. 5—9 cm. partly hollow,
pallid becoming rusty; sp. 11 — 12 x 6 — 7.

tortuosus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. glabrous, even, shining, rusty
bay (brick-red) ; g. adnate, tawny blood-red or purplish when touched;
s. somewhat twisted, silvery; sp. 15 — 16 x 8.

dilutus, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, even, opaque,
reddish dun (tan) ; g. broad, crowded ; s. 4 — 7 cm. soft, pallid, base
thickened ; sp. 6x4.

[erugatus, Weinm. P. exp. subumb. even, nearly glabrous,
shining, ochraceous, brick-red ; g. subadnate, crowded ; s. elongated,
thinner upwards, fibrillosely striate, pallid.

[Hoeftii, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, watery brick-red (tan, opaque),
with a silky bloom ; g. adnate, crowded, connected by veins; s. sub-
fistulose, equal, silvery.

f f Stem and gills usually violet. In certain sp. of pre-
ceding section there is an ephemeral tiuge of violet
at apex of stem.

[livor, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, dusky olive then tan;
g. emarginate, crowded, broad, semicircular, watery cinnamon ;
s. narrowed from sub-bulbous base, short, violet ; sp. — .

saturninus, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, moist,
dusky bay (brick-red), with white silky veil round edge ; g. adnexed,

198 Cortinarius.

crowded, purplish then rusty; s. 4 — 7 cm. violet, base thickened;
sp. - .

imbutus, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. convex, obtuse, glabrous, gilvous
becoming pale, edge subfibrillose ; g. adnate, rather distant, broad,
greyish- violet then cinnamon ; s. 4 — 7 cm. whitish, apex violet ; sp.
7 — 8 x 4 — 5.

[cypriacus, Fr. P. almost membranaceous, campan. exp.
gibbous, glabrous, cinnamon (tawny) ; g. crowded ; s. colour of p.,
striate with adpr. fibrils.

[plumbosus, Fr. P. convex, plane, umb. moist, blackish lead-
colour, then paler and with satiny sheen near edge ; g. olive-violet
then cinnamon ; s. hollow, attenuated upwards, violet then pallid.

[sciophyllus, Fr. P. thin, convex, exp. deep bluish fuscous
(bluish), silky-white round edge at first; g. adnate, dusky umber;
s. solid, violet, narrowed from thickened base.

castaneus, Bull. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. exp. gibbous, even,
chestnut (shining) ; g. violet then rusty ; s. 2 — 3 cm. cartilaginous,
violet or pallid reddish, stuffed then hollow ; sp. — .

bicolor, Cke. P. 3 — 5 cm. campau. exp. umb. dingy white or
tinged lilac ; g. adnate, purplish violet then tan ; s. 4 — 5 cm. pale
violet then pale, solid ; sp. 1-2— 14 x 6—7.

balaustinus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. obtuse, virgate, rusty rufous
(tawny brick-red, shining); g. adnate, broad rusty rufous; s. 5 — 7 cm.
conical, pallid, then rusty outside and in ; sp. 8 x 4 — 5.

colus, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. convex, suhgibbous, glabrous, rufous brown
(paler and shining); g. adnate, dusky cinnamon ; s. 7 — 9 cm. fibrillosely
striate with fiery-saffron mycelium ; sp. 9 x 4.

isabellinus, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. subumb. honey-colour, glabrous
(yellowish and shining); g. adnate, yellow then tan ; s. 7 — 9 cm. rigid,
striate, yellowish; sp. 10x5.

renidens, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. exp. even, glabrous, shining, tawny
(ochre) ; g. crowded, tawny ; s. 2 — 4 cm. equal and with fibrous veil,
yellow ; sp. 8 — 10 x 5.

angulosus, Fr. P. 4—7 cm. exp. wavy, hygr. reddish tawny
(ochre, opaque); g. adnate, thickish, distant, tawny; s. 3 — 4 cm.
equal, twisted, rather tawny ; sp. - .

var. gracilescens, Fr. 8. hollow, slender, tortuous, base rather
narrowed.

[zinziberatus, Fr. P. exp. umb. tawny honey-colour (yellowish),
edge silky-fibrillose ; g. adnate, quite entire, crisped ; s. outside and
base also inside, yellowish.

tff Stem fuscescent, veil pallid-dingy or white
(not yellow) ; gills dusky.

uraceus, Fr. P. 2—4 cm. campan.-convex, subgibbous, even,
glabrous, umber (tan, torn into fibres) ; g. adnate, bay brown ; s.
5 — 9 cm. blackish fuscous, apex becoming olive ; sp. 8 — 9 x 4.

Cortinarius. 199

jubarinus, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, bright tawny
cinnamon (shining) ; g. adnate, tawny cinnamon ; s. 4 — 5 cm. fibril-
losely striate, tawny, veil fugacious, white ; sp. 10x5.

Closely resembling G. cinnamomeus, differing in white fibrillose
fugacious veil.

[rubricosus, Fr. P. exp. umb. brownish bay (brick-red, shining) ;
g. obtusely aduate, bright rusty ; s. narrowed downwards, brownish,
white veil collapsing and forming a silky zone.

[nitens, Karst. P. exp. umb. white-silky from veil then glabrous
and shining, brownish bay ; g. tawny cinnamon ; s. subequal, fuscous,
white veil forming oblique bands ; sp. 6 x 3'5.

[irregnlaris, Fr. P. exp. umb. wavy, fuscous brown (tawny
rusty, shining); g. decur. closely crowded, rusty; s. naked, brick-red
with white striae.

pateriformis, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. plano-depr. obtuse, orbicular,
chestnut brown with white deciduous fibrils ; g. brick-red ; s. hollow,
equal, tinged fuscous ; sp. — .

[phaeophyllus, Karst. P. convex exp. umb. entirely even, edge
silky, glabrous, watery cinnamon, ochre and shining when dry ; g.
adnate, brown-tan, edge honey-colour ; s. equal, usually wavy, silky-
fibrillose, pallid-white ; sp. 7 — 9 x 4 — 5.

unimodus, Britz. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. then exp. usually depr.
round umbo, shining, rufous brown ; g. adnexed, brown ; s. 4 — 7 cm.
fibrous, brown below ; sp. 10 — 12 x 6.

* * TENUIORES. Pileus submembranaceous, conical then
exp. umbo acute, rarely obtuse or nearly obsolete, edge
at first straight.

f Stem white.

dolabratus, Fr. P. 4 — 9 cm. campan. exp. obtuse, glabrous,
brick-red (even and tan), silky near the edge; g. adnate, very
broad, distant, tan ; s. 8—14 cm. stout, cylindrical, shining white ;
sp. 12—14x7—8.

Smell very disagreeable.

rigens, Fr. P. :*— 7 cm. conical then convex, obtuse, glabrous,
opaque, tan (whitish tan); g. adnato-subdecur. ; s. 4 — 9 cm. cartila-
ginous, rigid, rooting, white ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

[fulvescens, Fr. P. exp. shining, cinnamon (brick-red), at length
fibrillose, umbo persistent rather acute ; g. adnate ; s. attenuated, soft,
rather wavy, becoming pale.

Krombholzii, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. conico-campan. then gibbous,
even, glabrous, tan, edge append. ; g. nearly free, broad, rusty edge
yellowish ; s. 6 — 11 cm. equal, naked, white ; sp. 8 x 4 — 5.

Reedii, Berk. P. 2 — 3 cm. conical then exp. and strongly umb.
shining, persistently brown; g. free; s. 2—3 cm. equal, rather
bulbous, white, solid ; sp. 7 — S x 4.

200 Cortinarius.

leucopus, Bull. P. 1-5 — 2*5 cm. conical then exp. and urab.
even, glabrous, yellowish red (clay-colour, shining) ; g. subadnexed,
crowded ; s. 2 — 3 cm. equal, shining white ; sp. 6 x 3—4.

Differs from 01 plwcius in not being viscid.

scandens, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. conical, exp. tawny rusty to watery
honey-colour (clay-colour), umbo fleshy, edge striate ; g. aduate,
tawny cinnamon, edge same colour; s. 5—8 cm. wavy, even, apex
thickened, base attenuated, whitish ; sp. 10x5.

•f* *f* Stem somewhat violet or reddish.

erythrinus, Fr. P. 2—4 cm. conical, exp. rufous bay, prominent
umbo darker ; g. adnexed ; s. 3 — 5 cm. equal, somewhat curved,
violet above ; sp. — .

var. argyropus. Slenderer than type ; stem silvery, apex mealy.

decipiens, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. conical, glabrous, shining, fuscous-
bay, depr. round darker umbo (brick-red) ; g. aduate ; s. equal,
slender, with a pale separable cuticle ; sp. 8 x 5.

S. usually without any violet, pale red inside.

var. insignis, Fr. P. paler ; s. flexuous, glabrous.

germanus, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1 — 2 cm. conico-exp. obtusely
umb. rather silky, fragile, fuscescent (clay-colour) ; g. adnate, broad ;
s. thin, equal, glabrous, lilac then pallid ; sp. - .

ianthipes, Seer. P. conical then exp. umb. fibrillose, shining,
brown, edge yellowish ; g. white then greyish olive ; s. shining, violet,
rufous below.

•f* •}• "f Stem yellowish, usually becoming pale.

detonsus, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. conical, exp. subumb. glabrous,
brick-red or yellowish (tan and silky) ; g. adnate, yellowish then
brick-red, quite entire; s. 4 — 7 cm. glabrous, tinged yellow then
pallid ; sp. 6x4.

saniosus, Fr. P. conical then convex and umb. not striate,
glabrous, tawny fuscous (tawny, shining), edge fibrillosely torn;
g. adnate, quite entire ; s. curved, yellowish, veil fibrillose, yellow.

obtusus, Fr. P. 1 — 3 cm. conico-campan. striate to middle,
shining, reddish yellow (ochre then pallid, opaque, fibrillosely torn) ;
g. adnato-ventricose, edge white-nmbriate ; s. hollow, soft, ventricose,
becoming pale, 4 — 9 cm. ; sp. 9 x 5.

acutus, Fr. P. 1*5 — 2 cm. conical, acutely umb. entirely striate,
yellowish red (clay-colour, silky then even) ; g. adnate, ochre, entire ;
s. 6 — 8 cm. equal, slender, wavy, pale ; sp. 6 x 4.

tttt

Junghuhnii, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. conical, exp. papillate, persistently
minutely velvety with thin innate white fibrils, shining cinnamon
(somewhat tawny) ; g. adnate, orange brick-red ; s. 4 — 7 cm. shining,
adpressedly fuscous-fibrillose ; sp. 8 x 5 — 6.

201

depressus, Fr. P. 4 — 5 cm. conico-convex, umb. glabrous, at
first superficially silky near striate edge, fuscous then rusty ; g.
adnate, saffron then yellowish ; s. hollow, reddish, base fuscous, white-
silky; sp. - .

milvinus, Fr. Strong scented. P. conico-exp. subumb. striate to
disc, somewhat olive (tan then pallid\ edge crowned with white
innate squamules ; g. adnate, rusty olive, base veined ; s. 4 — 5 cm.
equal, curved, fuscous then pallid, spotted with the white silky veil ;
sp. 8—K) x 4.

fasciatus, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. conico-exp. glabrous, fuscescent
(brick-red then pallid and silky) umbo acute, blackish ; g. adnate,
distant ; s. 4 — 9 cm. rather wavy, glabrous, fibrously splitting, pallid
fuscous ; sp. 8 x 5.

Differs from C. acutus in very distant g.

CREPIDOTUS, Fr.

palmatus, Bull. P. 4 — 9 cm. compact, convex then exp. irreg.
glabrous, pelliculose, rusty ; g. fixed to a collar, colour of p. ; s.
excentric or lateral, incurved, glabrous, whitish ; sp. subg. 10.

Differs from Pleurotus subpalmatus in rusty sp.

A form with a central s. occurs.

[hypsophilus, R. Fries. Subcaespitose. P. fleshy, compact,
irreg. laterally produced, entire, convex then plane, edge becoming
upturned, glabrous, fuscous tan ; g. emarginate, crowded, dingy
yellow ; s. very excentric, short, curved whitish.

[nidulans, Mass. ( = Pleurotus nidvlans, Fr., Crepidotus jun-
quillea (Paulet) Lucand.) P. fleshy, at first resupinate then expanded,
sessile, subreniform, tomentose, yellow; g. broad, rather distant,
tawny-orange ; sp. tawny.

alveolus, Lasch. P. 2 — 4 cm. soft, lateral, obovate, wavy, plane,
glabrous, ochre-fuscous, sessile or produced behind into a short stem-
like downy base ; g. broad ; sp. 7 — 8 long.

[stiriacus, Wetts. P. fleshy-fibrous, ovate-shell-shaped, semi-
orbicular, or cuneiform, simple, lobed or partite, tomentose; g.
dense, ochre-fuscous ; s. lateral, very short ; sp. 5 — 7 x 3.

mollis, Fr. P. 3 — 7 cm. gelatinously fleshy, soft, obovate or
reniform, flaccid, subsessile, glabrous, pallid then greyish ; g. decur.
from base, crowded, linear, whitish then watery cinnamon ; sp. 8 — 9
X5— 6.

putrigenus, B. and C. Imbricate, sessile ; p. 2 — 3 cm. subreni-
form, whitish, tomentose; g. broad, rusty-brown; sp. subglobose,
6 — 7, rusty.

applanatus, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. soft, fragile, plane, reniform or
cuneate, whitish, produced behind into a very short white-downy
base; g. determinate, crowded, whitish then pale cinnamon; sp.
5x3.

[scalaris, Fr. Imbricated. P. submembranaceous, very soft,

202 Orepidotm.

effuso-reflexed, even, glabrous, clear dilute ochre, pellucid when
fresh ; g. decur. from base, distant, thin, whitish then cinnamon.

calolepis, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. dimidiate, sessile and fixed by a
downy nodule, white, marginate behind, variegated with minute
rufescent scales ; g. radiating from base, at length brownish rusty ;
sp. — .

haustellaris, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. flaccid, exactly lateral, reniform,
plane, even, very slightly downy, tan ; g. rounded behind, pallid then
fuscous-cinnamon; s. distinct, narrowed upwards, downy, white;
sp. — .

[Peteauxii, Q. P. resupinate then cup-shaped, lateral, reniform,
tomentose, snow-white ; g. free, whitish then ochre.

rubi, Berk. ( = Naucoria effugiens, Q.) P. 0'5 — 1 cm. convexo-
plane, edge incurved, pale yellowish tan, sprinkled with glistening
particles; g. adnato-decur. rather broad, greyish then umber; s.
3 — 6 mm. incurved ; sp. 5 — 7 long.

chimnopnilus, B. and Br. P. 4 — 6 mm. convex, edge incurved,
downy, whitish ; g. attenuated behind, distant, narrow, pale tan ; s.
very short or obsolete ; sp. 5 x 3/z.

epibryus, Fr. White. P. 3 — 5 mm. resupinate, sessile, adnate
by the vertex, silky then smooth ; g. radiating from the centre, thin,
crowded, whitish then reddish-yellow ; sp. - .

[inhonestus, Karst. P. resupinate, sessile, adnate laterally or by
the vertex, rather silky, orbicular or subreniform, whitish ; g. broad,
thin, white then brownish ; sp. 6—8 x 5.

Phillipsii, B. and Br. P. 4 — 6 cm. rather fleshy, oblique, striate,
smooth, pale umber ; g. narrow, ventricose, slightly adnate, pale tan ;
s. short, solid, incurved ; sp. 5 — 7 x 2'5/x.

pezizoides, Nees. P. 3 — 4 mm. sessile, thin, cup-shaped then
recurved, mealy, subtornentose, whitish ; g. radiating from the
centre, rather distant, brownish-olive then tawny.

luteolus, Lamb. P. thin, stipitate at first then resupinate and
stem disappearing, tomentose, clear yellow then pale ; g. crowded,
orange-yellow then cinnamon ; sp. rusty.

Balfsii, B. and Br. P. 3 — 5 cm. convex, edge incurved, delicately
hispid or scurfy, yellow, fixed by cottony mycelium, stem obsolete ;
g. rather broad, ventricose, pale tan, edge whitish ; sp. - .

Parisotii, Pat. Minute. P. sessile, minutely velvety, bright
citrin, stem almost obsolete, white, downy, edge incurved ; g. very
distant, reddish ; sp. 4— 5 x 2.

Only appears to differ from G. luteolus in being somewhat
smaller.

[subintiger, Schulz. P. thin, cylindrical then cyphelliform, fixed
by centre, orbicular-reniform, whitish, slightly tomentose ; g. radiating
from centre, free, distant, ventricose, yellowish brown, edge wavy and
fimbriate; sp. 3 — 4 long.

[pallescens, Q. P. umbil. downy, yellowish white; g. adnate,
white then pallid ; s. short incurved, downy, white ; sp. 7 long.

Crepidotus — Melanosporae. 203

[scutellinus, Q. P. convexo-plane, vertex minutely mucronate,
pellucid, rivulosely striate, whitish then ochre ; s. filiform, arcuate,
short, downy, colour of p.; g. narrow, adnate, denticulate, white then
pale ochre ; sp. 7 long.

[Cesatii, Kab. P. sessile, resupinate, rather tough, soft, whitish
or pallid gilvous ; g. broad, pallid ; sp. pale yellow ; sp. 6—7 x 4—6.

Habit of Claudopus variafoilis, but p. not toaientose, g. not
reddish, and pale sp.

[proboscideus, Fr. P. resupinate, campan. vertex prominent,
pedunculate, even, pubescent, ochraceous ; g. radiating from an
excentric point, thin, straight, colour of p.

Must be carefully distinguished from Pax. panuoides.

epigaeus, Pers. P. 1 — 2 cm. thin, reniform or flabellate, reddish-
grey, base downy, whitish ; g. distinct, narrow, diverging, watery
rufescent ; sp. 10 x 7.

Entire fungus soft and watery ; growing on naked damp earth.

MELANOSPORAE.

A. Gills free from stem.

Chitonia. Volva present, ring absent.

Agaricus. ( - Psalliota, Fr.) Ring present, volva absent.

Pilosace. Volva and ring both absent.

B. Gills attached to stem. (Quite free from stem
in some species of Coprinus.}

f Stem with a distinct membranous ring.

Stropharia. Gills adnate dark brown or purplish.
Anellaria. Gills adnexed, grey and clouded with the black
spores.

f f Ring very imperfect or absent ; gills decurrent.
Gompliidius. Gills subgelatinous.

fit GUIs not decurrent, not adhering laterally when
young, not deliquescent.

Hypholoma. Gills sinuate, dark brown or blackish-purple ; veil
often hanging in fragments from edge of pileus.

Panaeolus. Edge of pileus extending beyond the gills, pileus
not striate.

Psathyrella. Pileus sulcate or striate.

204 Melanosporae : Chitonia — Agaricus.

Psathyra. Stem fragile ; edge of pileus straight when young.
Psilocybe. Stem tough ; edge of pileus incurved when young.

tttt Gitts adhering laterally when young, deliquescing
at maturity.

Coprinus. Ring and volva present in some species, ring alone
others, both absent in others ; gills adnate, adnexed or free.

ft 1 1 1 Flesh of pileus entirely absent, the gills radiating
from the stem free and unconnected by flesh above.
Montagnites. Volva present, buried in the ground.

CHITONIA, Fr.

rubriceps, Cke. and Mass. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. then exp. umb.
reddish-brown ; g. free, purplish-brown ; s. 6—7 cm. hollow, paler
than p., volva large, free edge torn ; sp. 12x6.

Introduced along with living plants into Kew Gardens.

[coprinus, Fr. ( = Ag. inrolucratus, Mont.) P. fleshy, convex,
viscid, yellowish, sometimes floccosely scaly from fragments of volva ;
g. free, smoky-black ; s. fistulose, naked, whitish, volva very small.

Unless the small volva is noticed, this fungus will be considered
as a sp. of Coprinus.

AGARICUS, L.
A. EDULES. Large,

augustus, Fr. P. 8 — 14 cm. globose then exp. very obtuse, disc
even, rest fibrillosely- scaly, pale yellow- brown ; g. crowded, narrow,
fuscous, remote from stem ; s. 8 — 14 cm. solid, ring superior, large,
areolately squamulose below ; sp. 6 x 3'5. Edible.

peronatus, Mass. P. hemispher. then exp. dull ochre, densely
scaly ; g. distant from stem, crowded, purple-brown ; s. 10 — 14 cm.
equal, marginately bulbous, hollow, with large spreading white scales
up to broad spreading ring ; sp. 6 x 4. Edible.

Differs from A. augustus in hollow, peronate stem.

elvensis, B. and Br. P. 9 — 15 cm. subglobose then exp. fibrillose,
broken up into large persistent brown scales, edge warted ; g.
crowded ; s. 8 — 12 cm. narrowed at base, fibrillose, ring large, thick,
warted below ; sp. 8 x 4. Edible.

[praenitens, Beck. P. hemispher. exp. white, with densely
imbricated chestnut scales which become smaller and denser at
disc ; g. remote, purple-brown, edge white ; s. clavato-bulbous, con-
centrically scaly up to large ring, white ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5.

Agaricus. 205

arvensis, Schaeff. P. 10—24 cm. conico-campan. then exp.
smooth, even, white often stained yellow, flesh white, unchangeable ;
g. close to stem, narrow; s. 6 — 12 cm. hollow, whitish, floccosely
stuffed, ring pendulous, double, exterior radiately split ; sp. 6 x 4.
(9—11 x 6 Sacc.) Edible.

var. purpurascens, Cke. Smaller than type. P. tinged purple.

Differs from Ag. xanthodermus in the persistently white
flesh.

xanthodermus, Genev. ( = Ag. flavescens, Roze.) P. 6—10 cm.
fleshy, convex, even, glabrous, greyish-white, cuticle becoming
yellowish when touched, and the white flesh changing to yellow
when broken; g. free, sinuate, pale rose then grey, finally purple-
brown; s. cylindrical, stuffed, ring thin, flesh deep yellow at base,
rest white ; sp. - .

Differs from A. arvensis in flesh becoming yellow, and in yellow
base of stem.

[ammophilus, Menier. P. convex, exp. thick, whitish ; g. free,
crowded, rosy ; s. stout, solid, base more or less thickened, whitish,
ring membranous, strongly adherent to apex of s. slightly striate,
with a circular canal; sp. 6 — 7'5 x 4 — 7.

cretaceus, Fr. P. 6 — 9 cm. globose then convex, shining white,
at first smooth and silky, then tibrillosely squamulose ; g. for a long
time white, then blackish-brown; s. 6—8 cm. white, hollow, ring
large, superior, fixed ; sp. 9x6. Edible.

pratensis, Schaeff. P. 4 — 7 cm. ovoid then exp. even or squamu-
lose, greyish-white; g. rounded behind, grey then brown; s. 4 — 6 cm.
stuffed, base thickened, naked, ring median, simple, deciduous;
sp. 6x3-5.

var. fulveolus, Lasch. P. squamuloso-fibrillose, yellowish or
reddish ; s. hollow, yellowish ; g. tawny-denticulate.

[Bernard!!, Q. Compact, white, tomentose under a lens. P.
10 — 20 cm. convex then exp. cracked into areolae, greyish-white ;
s. solid, stout, ovate, striate at the apex, ring membranous, striate
above ; g. free, greyish-pink then bay-brown ; flesh white, becoming
purplish then brownish when broken ; sp. subgl. 8.

Foetid. Edible.

campestris, L. 6 — 12 cm. convex then plane, floccosely silky
or fibrillose, whitish, flesh reddish-brown when cut ; g. close to stem,
subliquescent, fleshy then umber; s. stuffed, even, white, ring median,
torn ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5 — 6. Edible.

var. alba, Berk. P. rather silky white ; s. short.

var. praticola, Vitt. P. with rufous scales, flesh reddish.

var. rufescens, Berk. P. rufous, minutely scaly ; s. elongated.

var. umbrina, Vitt. P. even, umber ; s. stout, squamulose.

var. fulvaster, Viv. P. even, ochraceous-tawny ; s. solid ; g. rosy
then blackish.

var. villaticus, Brond. P. cortex breaking up into scales; s.
peronately scaly up to inf. ring.

206 Agaricus.

var. silvicola, Vitt. P. almost smooth, white, shining ; s. stuffed,
elongated, subbulbous, ring simple, flesh not changing colour.

var. robustissimus, Pen. P. equal, large, 32 cm. ; g. very broad,
up to 2 cm.; s. tall, 13 cm. high, 6 cm. thick.

var. exsertus, Viv. P. fleshy, almost even, glabrous, white, flesh
red ; s. hollow, slender, rather wavy, smooth ring small and torn,
appendiculate.

var. hwtensis, Cke. P. fibrillose or squamulose, brownish. The

variety commonly cultivated in England,
var. costatus, Viv. P. sulcate, wavy.

var. vaporarim, Otto. P. and s. with a brown pilose covering.

var. exannulatus, Cke. P. squamulose ; s. elongated, equal,
solid, ring evanescent or obsolete.

perrera, Schulz. ( = Psal. Bresadolae, Schulz.) P. 8 — 10 cm.
hemispher. then exp. yellowish, centre tawny, covered with con-
centrically arranged tawny scales ; g. remote, crowded, joined in
a ring behind, rosy then fuscous; s. equal, 9—10 cm. stuffed then
hollow, base submarginately bulbous, with evanescent tawny scales
below the large superior ring ; sp. 8 — 10 x 5.

[bitorquis, Q. P. 5—9 cm. globose then exp. almost glabrous,
milk-white then cream or ochre at the edge ; g. remote from s.
becoming deep brown ; s. solid, ovoid, glabrous, white, with a
membranous ring near the apex and a volva-like ring near the base,
separated by a concave notch ; sp. 5 — G long. Edible.

[flavescens, Gillet. P. globose then convex, dry, satiny, white,
soon tinged yellow or reddish-yellow; g. broad, brown; stem with
a turbinate bulb, white, suffused with reddish-yellow; flesh white,
ring fugacious ; sp. 8 x 4.

silvaticus, Schaeff. P. 6 — 9 cm. thin, campan. then exp. gibbous,
fibrillose or squamulose, centre brownish becoming paler at edge ;

§. crowded, dry ; s. 8 — 12 cm. hollow, equal, whitish, ring simple,
istant ; sp. 7 x 4.

haemorrlioidarms, Kalchbr. P. 7 — 12 cm. ovate then exp.
rufous-brown, covered with broad adpressed scales, edge at first
incurved, flesh deep red when broken; g. crowded, purple-umber;
s. 8 — 11 cm. white, soon hollow, fibrillose base solid, subbulbous,
stains red when bruised, ring superior, large ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5. Edible.

[sanguinarius, Karst. Flesh blood-red when broken. P. campan.
exp. obtuse, usually wavy, even, pale fuscous, broken up into
squamules ; g. free, crowded, white, rosy-umber ; s. elongated, sub-
equal, curved, silky-flocculose then almost glabrous, white, ring
superior, pendulous, fixed, persistent, areolately-scaly outside near
edge ; sp. 5 — 7 x 3— -4.

[niveorubens, Q. Floccose, shining white, everywhere becoming
red.

Quelet now considers this to be a form of Ag. sylvatica, Schaeff.,
to which sp. he also refers Ag. setigera, Paul, Ag. haemorrhoidaria,
Kalchb., Ag. rubella, Gill., and Ag. Vaillantii, Roze and Rich.

Agaricus. 207

setiger, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, smooth and silky, pale umber; g.
umber ; s. stuffed, elongated, equal, squamuloso-fibrillose, colour of p.,
ring thin, fugacious.

[rubellus, Gillet. P. exp. obtusely umb. with reddish scales,
especially at the disc, which is deep red-brown, paler towards edge ;
g. crowded ; s. hollow, cartilaginous, base swollen ; ring fugacious ;
flesh white.

[lecensis, Harz. Smells like aniseed. P. convex then almost
plane, yellowish- white, often broken up into brown polygonal pyra-
midal patches ; g. white, rosy-violet, then brown, both ends narrowed ;
s. solid, coarsely scaly above, white becoming tinted rosy or yellow ;
ring conspicuous, radiately striate, outside scaly; sp. 14 — 15 x 5-5 — 7.

[caldarius, Wettst. F. convex then exp. white, disc even,
brownish squamulose towards edge ; g. remote, narrow ; s. glabrous,
whitish ; sp. 9—14 x 5—11.

B. MINORES. Flesh of pileus thin.

comptulus. P. 3 — 4 cm. convexo-plane, adpressedly silky, white;
g. flesh -colour then rosy ; s. 4 — 6 cm. hollow, yellowish-white, ring
median ; sp. 4 — 5 x 2 — 3.

sagatus, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. convexo-plane, tawny, glabrous; g.
ventricose, umber; s. 4—5 cm. hollow, equal, pale, ring distant,
spreading ; sp. 6 x 3 — 4.

[amethystinus, Q. P. 3 — 4 cm. convex then plane, umb. downy
or tibrillose, white with the centre rose, lilac or amethyst; g. free,
ventricose, clear grey then bay-brown ; s. slender, with a silky pith,
somewhat bulbous, fragile, glabrous, white, with a satiny, white ring ;
sp. 6 — 7 long.

[semotus, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, brick-red, disc darker ;
g. rather distant from stem, pallid ; s. fistulose, reddish and more or
less peronate up to spreading ring, pale above ; sp. 4 — 5 x 2 — 3.

[dulcidulus, Kalchbr. P. plane, subgibbous, almost glabrous,
dry, lurid white or ochre ; g. crowded, grey then blackish ; s. sub-
bulbous, colour of p., ring median, persistent.

Umbo often tinged fuscous or violet.

rusiophyllus, Lasch. P. 2 — 3 cm. soon plane, umbonate, silky,
ruddy, becoming pale; g. crowded, rosy then brown; s. 3 — 4 cm.
thickened downwards, white, ring persistent; sp. 5x3.

[zouarius, Brond. P. 1 cm. convex, with pellucid brown-violet
zones ; g. free, rosy then bay-bistre ; s. solid, elongated, ring
membranous, white.

[geniculatus, Brig. P. campan. exp. tumid, glabrous, pale bay,
edge split here and there ; g. free, remote from stem ; s. bent, base
thickened, ring inf.

Remarkable in this genus for growing on wood.

[haematospermus, Bull. P. campan. then exp. then umb. and
scaly, brownish tan then blackish ; g. rosy- blood-red then fuscous ;

208 Agaricus — Pilosace — Stropharia.

a. fistulose, equal, glabrous, colour of p., ring median, erect ; sp.
4—5 x 3.

subgibbosus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. convexo-plane, umb. even, glabrous
but silky towards edge, yellowish ; g. remote from stem, white then
greyish-fuscous ; s. 2 — 3 cm. fistulose, slender, ring fugacious.

PILOSACE, Fr.

algeriensis, Fr. P. 6 — 10 cm. convex then exp. even, glabrous,
white then disc tinged brownish ; flesh very thick, white ; g. very
narrow, rosy then umber ; s. 3 — 5 cm. very stout, white, base
thickened, solid ; sp. subgl. 8 /*.

[Bresadolae, Schulz. P. very thin and very fragile, irreg.
campan. then exp. and edge wavy, margin split, pale yellow-fuscous,
glabrous, even ; g. free, blackish-brown, edge white-mealy ; s. often
slightly wavy, apex abruptly contracted, white ; sp. 9 x 4—5.

Many plants spring from a subterranean fleshy mass.

[Phoenix, Fr. P. thin, campan. exp. even, glabrous, hygr. fuscous
then pale ; g. free, ventricose, pallid then umber ; s. stuffed, striate,
subbulbous, rooting, pallid.

STROPHAKIA, Fr.

A. VISCIPELLES. Pellicle of pileus even or scaly,
often viscid.

* Mundi. Not growing on dung.

[depilata, Pers. P. exp. even, glabrous, viscid, yellowish-livid
then tan ; g. adnato-decur. broad, white then blackish ; s. solid, with
white revolute squarrose white scales below the ample ring; sp.
11—14x6—8.

Percevali, B. and Br. P. 3—5 cm. rather viscid, umb. then exp.
ochre, scaly at first near edge; g. adnexed, broad distant ; s. 5 — 7 cm.
squamulose up to ring, dark inside ; sp. 12 — 14 x 6.

S. squamosa differs in adnate, crowded g.

versicolor, With. P. 3 — 7 cm. couvexo-plane, scaly, edge in-
curved ; g. decur. pallid then reddish-brown ; s. 5 cm. whitish then
brownish, ring persistent.

A species about which little is known.

aeruginosa, Curt. P. 4 — 7 cm. convex then exp. subumb. or
quite plane, at first with bluish-green mucus and sometimes with
white squamules, then yellowish ; g. adnate, purplish ; s. 5 — 6 cm.
viscid, squamulose below ring, tinged green, often quite glabrous ;
sp. 10 x 5.

Very variable within certain limits. Often stout and deep
coloured in shady woods. Slender and soon dry in open pastures.

Stropharia. 209

squamulosa, Massee ( = S. aeruginosa; var. squamulosa, Mass.).
P. 4 — 6 cm. soon plane, deep verdigris-green, dry, squamulose ; g.
crowded, brown ; s. 5 — 7 cm. stout, fibrilloso-squaniulose, green, ring
fragmentary ; sp. 8 — 9 x 5.

Superficially like S. aeruginosa, but dry and silky, innately
squamulose, and brown g.

albocyanea, Desm. T5 — 2 cm. exp. umb. viscid, greenish-blue
then whitish ; g. purplish ; s. 3 — 5 cm. slender, flexuous, pallid or
tinged green, ring incomplete ; sp. 7 — 8 x 3 — 4.

Differs from S. Worthingtoni in greenish p.

[Tavastense, Karst. P. convex then flat, disc often depr. some-
times umb. glabrous, with concentric yellowish-white squamules near
edge, yellowish livid then dingy tawny tan ; g. adnexed, crowded ;
s. straight, fragile, almost equal, solid, pale then fuscescent, ring
torn, fugacious.

[consentiens, Karst. P. convex, exp. umb. then depr. even,
glabrous, rather viscid, yellowish-livid, tinged olive, edge involute ;
g. adnate, paler than p. ; s. subequal, stuffed, wavy, apex pruinose,
yellowish rusty.

[coprinifacies, Roll. P. hygr. conico-campan. then exp. viscid,
umber brown then pallid, with blue mucus ; g. ventricose, both ends
narrowed, dusky purple, edge white ; s. dingy white tinged blue, ring
median ; sp. 20 x 7.

inuncta, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. subumb. with livid purple gluten
that disappears, then pale ; g. adnate, pale brown ; s. 4 — 7 cm.
flexuous, white, fibrillose below distant imperfect ring ; sp. 8 x 6.

coronilla, Bull. P. 3 — 4 cm. plane, tawny-ochre then pale, edge
white flocculose ; g. sinuato-adnate, violet, edge white; s. 2 — 3 cm.
white, ring median, violet-striate ; sp. 10 x 5.

yentricosa, Mass. P. To — 2 cm. exp. broadly gibbous, slightly
viscid, tawny- ochre then paler; g. almost free, purplish ; s. 5 — 7 cm.
ventricose below middle, base rooting, pale, ring large, striate,
apical ; sp. 10x6.

[fusoidea, Pat. P. 1 — 1-5 cm. campan. then exp. and umb. edge
striate, ochre; g. adnate, purplish; s. elongated, slender, smooth,
strongly ventricose near the base, whitish, ring distant ; sp. 12 — 14
x6— 7.

Differs from S. ventricosa in being smaller, and in the small,
distant ring.

obturata, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. becoming cracked into squa-
mules, almost dry, yellow ; g. adnate, purplish-umber ; s. 2—3 cm.
stuffed, short, narrowed downwards, white, ring tumid ; sp. 7 x 4.

[capillacea, Gillet. P. conico-campan. very finely wrinkled,
reddish brown with whitish flecks near margin more especially; g.
blackish brown, edge toothed ; s. whitish, squamulose, ring fugacious.

rnelasperma, Bull. P. 3 — 5 cm. convexo-plane, rather viscid,
white or yellowish ; g. ventricose, blackish violet ; s. 3 — 5 cm. hollow,
equal, white, ring superior, deciduous ; sp. 10 x 6.

M. P. U

210 Stropharia.

squamosa, Fr. P. 3 — 6 cm. exp. subviscid, yellowish-tan with
evanescent concentric scales ; g. adnate, blackish, edge white ; s.
7 — 12 cm. pallid, rusty near base, squamulose up to distant ring;
sp. 12 x 6.

var. thrausta (Ag. thratista, Kalchbr.). Slender, fragile, hygr.
not scaly ; sp. 12—15 x 6.

var. aurantiaca, Cke. P. orange or brick-red.

[albonitens, Fr. P. thin, exp. gibbous, viscid, glabrous, hyaline-
white, shining white when dry ; g. adnate, crowded, pale fuscous ;
s. stuffed with pith, everywhere floccosely villose, pale straw when
dry ; sp. 6 — 9 x 4 — 5.

Worthingtoni, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. cam pan. viscid, yellow; g. adnate,
broad, brown ; s. 4 — 7 cm. slender, flexuous, dark blue, ring in-
complete ; sp. 7 x 4.

Differs from S. cdbocyanea in the yellow p.

[palustris, Q. P. hemispher. unib. rather viscid, hygr. greyish-
tawny, disc brown ; g. adnate, very broad ; s. slender, white, covered
with transverse tawny scales, ring distant.

* * MERDARIL Ring often incomplete.

luteonitens, Fl. Dan. P. 2 — 3 cm. conico-campan. umb. viscid,
yellow, edge squamulose ; g. adnexed, ventricose ; s. 2 — 3 cm. fistulose,
even, pruinose above distant ring, whitish ; sp. 10 — 11 x 6. (14 x 6 — 7
Sacc.)

Intermediate between S. squamosa and Psilocyle coprophila,
having scaly p. and ring of former, and stature of latter.

merdaria, Fr. P. 1'5 — 2'5 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, moist,
hygr. dingy yellow-brown or pale bay ; g. aduate, broad ; s. 2 — 3 cm.
flocculose, dry, pallid, ring fugacious ; sp. 8 x 5. (12 — 16 x 6 — 8 Sacc.)

| mammilata, Kalchbr. P. thin, exp. conico-papillate, even, viscid,
pale ochre ; g. rotundato-adnate, blackish brown ; s. glabrous, white
then yellowish, ring fugacious.

stercoraria, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. hemispher. then discoid, rather
viscid, glabrous, yellow; g. adnate, broad, olive-black; s. 8 — 10cm.
stuffed with free pith, elongated, flocculose below the distant ring,
rather viscid, white tinged yellow ; sp. 18—20 x 8 — 10.

semiglobata, Batsch. P. 2 — 3 cm. persistently hemispher. even,
glutinous, yellow; g. adnate, broad, clouded black; s. 6—10 cm.
glabrous, glutinous, yellowish, ring imperfect, inferior ; sp. 12 x 6.

Differs from P. stercoraria in persistently hemispher. p. and
glabrous s.

[siccipes, Karst. P. hemispher. exp. obtuse, orbicular, naked,
even or edge slightly pellucidly striate, viscid, whitish clay-colour ;
g. adnato-subdecur. clay-colour then fuscous and clouded ; s. pallid,
dry, straight or wavy, flocculose, pruinose above the distant, dry
ring; sp. 12 — 15x7 — 9.

Intermediate between /S. stercoraria and S. semiglobata.

Stropharia. 211

[paradoxa, P. Henn. P. campan. papillately umb. viscid, centre
brown, edge broadly revolute, even, glabrous ; g. adnato-decur. wavy,
veined, dusky brown ; s. wavy, striate, fibrous, yellow, base white-
downy, ring black, floccose, deciduous ; sp. 14 — 17 x 7 — 10.

B. SPINTRIGERI. Pileus without a pellicle, but
innately fibrous, not viscid.

[calceata, Schaeff. P. exp. adpressedly fibrillose, moist, stoutly
umb. even, dingy yellow then pale ; g. nearly free ; s. solid, glabrous,
white, base marginately bulbous, limb free like a volva.

[ocreata, Holmsk. P. globoso-campan.-exp. obtuse, granulose
then imbricately scaly, red then gilvous ; g. nearly free ; s. peronate
up to imperfect ring.

[medusa, Brig. P. globose then convex, even, subrimosely
squamulose when dry, yellowish white, edge lobed ; g. nearly free,
sooty, edge crenulate; s. solid, subtuberous, fibrillose, white, ring
fugacious.

caput-medusae, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. ovate, exp. lacunose, squamulose,
discoid, umber-brown, edge ochre ; g. adfixed ; s. 5 — 9 cm. peronate
with squarrose scales up to superior ring, scales at length falling
away; sp. 10x4. (16 — 18x5 Sacc.)

scobinacea, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. gibbous, somewhat sulcate, at
first covered with crowded, blackish adpressed squamules ; g. adnate,
crenulate, purplish ; s. 6 — 9 cm. hollow, fibrillose, white, apex mealy,,
ring superior, fugacious ; sp. - - .

[sulcata, Gill. P. conico-campan. umb. covered except at summit
with branched ridges, reddish ; g. distant ; s. white, striate below
and mealy above the ring.

[sulcatula, Gill. P. convex, rugosely ridged, when young with
reddish superficial scales, then naked and whitish or tinged red at
disc ; sooty-brown, edge whitish, denticulate ; s. elongated, squamu-
lose up to ring, striate above, white, base rooting very cottony.

[cotonea, Q. At first entirely white. P. 5 — 7 cm. spherical then
convex, snow-white, covered with floccose squamules ; g. sinuate,
white, then purple, at length brownish-purple, edge white ; s.
3 — 6 cm. fistulose, curved, floccosely scaly, apex glabrous, ring
floccose ; sp. 10 long.

Quelet considers this species to be identical with Hyph. lacry-
mcbundum, Fries.

Battarrae, Fr. P. hemispher. then exp., more or less olive,
covered with adpressed squamules most crowded at the disc ; g.
sinuate, white then rosy, finally purple-brown, edge white; s. fistu-
lose, whitish, with brownish or olive squamules up to ring, apex
pruinose, ring thin, white, partly appendiculate ; sp. 10 long.

[punctulata, Kalchbr. P. thin, convex, dry, pallid, squamulosely
punctate from the veil, then naked ; g. sinuato-adnate with a decur.
tooth, pale umber ; s. stuffed, pallid, squamulose from the veil above.

14—2

212 Stropharia — Anellaria — Gomphidius.

Jerdoni, B. and Br. P. 4—5 cm. exp. umbo fleshy, broad,
ochraceous with snow-white evanescent flecks ; g. adnate with a
decur. line, transversely striate ; s. 5 — 7 cm. snow-white and pul-
verulent above, brownish squamulose below, ring superior; sp. 10 x 5.

spintrigera, Fr. P. 5 — 9 cm. ovate then exp. obtuse, even,
glabrous, brownish or pinkish tan then pale ; g. adnate, crowded ;
s. 4 — 7 cm. hollow, floccosely-fibrillose, white, ring distant, fugacious;
sp. — .

hypsipoda, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. convexo-plane, even, glabrous, hygr.
brownish yellow ; g. white then fuscous ; s. 7 — 1 1 cm. hollow, equal,
glabrous, whitish, ring median, persistent; sp. 12 — 14x6 — 7.

cothurnata, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, even, thin, white, not hygr. ;
g. adnexed, crowded ; s. floccosely villose up to median ring, white.

ANELLARIA, Karst.

separata, Karst. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. obtuse, not exp. viscid,
dull ochre then pale and often rugulose ; g. adfixed, greyish black ;
s. 6 — 10 cm. straight, white, base thickened, ring distant; sp. 10 x 7.
(16—22x10—15 Sacc.)

scitula, Mass. P. 1 — 1-5 cm. campan. obtuse, smooth, viscid,
drab or dingy ochre; g. almost free, grey; s. 2 — 3 cm. peronate up to
inferior ring ; sp. 12 — 13 x 4.

fimiputris, Karst. P. 2'5 — 4 cm. conico-exp. thin, subgibbous,
viscid, dusky grey, paler when dry ; g. adfixed, livid blackish ; s.
6 — 10 cm. pallid, slender, equal, pallid, with ring reduced to a zone ;
sp. 9— 10x6.

GOMPHIDIUS, Fr.

glutinosus, Schaeff. P. 4 — 10 cm. obtuse, glutinous, purplish-
brown ; g. slightly decur. whitish then grey ; s. 4 — 9 cm. whitish,
ring indistinct, solid, flesh white, yellow at base ; sp. 18—20 x 6 — 7.

var. roseus, Fr. Smaller. P. rosy; s. white, base rosy outside
and inside.

yiscidus, Sow. P. 5 — 12 cm. fleshy, at length umb. edge acute,
viscid, reddish-brown ; g. decur. purple-umber, branched; s. 6 — 10 cm.
yellow- brown, flesh yellow-brown, deepest at base ; sp. 18 — 20 x 6.

var. testaceus, Fr. P. and base of s. outside and in brick-red;
g. plano-decur.

maculatus, Scop. P. 5 — 7 cm. convex, viscid, whitish, spotted
with black when old ; g. decur. branched, umber ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
cylindrical, yellow, flesh reddish.

var. Cookei, Mass. P. 2 — 4 cm. convex then either subdepr. or
gibbous, viscid, whitish with black stains ; g. decur. whitish then
brownish ; s. 6 cm. narrowed downwards, pale then blackish, flesh
dark at base ; sp. 20 x 5 — 6.

Gomphidius — Hypholoma. 213

gracilis, B. P. 2 — 3 cm. conical then hemispher. sometimes
depr. and subumb. vinous brown or tan with gluten that leaves
blackish spots; g. decur. whitish then bistre; s. 3—5 cm. flexuous,
pallid, base yellow ; sp. 16 — 18 x 5.

HYPHOLOMA, Fr.

* FASCICULARES. Pileus tough, glabrous, bright coloured
when dry, not hygr.

silaceum, Pers. P. 6—8 cm. convex, orange-rufous, edge whitish
and silky ; g. adnate, grey then olive ; s. 6 — 7 cm. bulbous, shining ;
sp. — .

Fries says it is solitary, Secretan says caespitose from a common
base.

sublateritium, Schaeff. P. 4 — 9 cm. convexo-plane, discoid,
dry, becoming glabrous, orange brick-red, edge pale, flesh compact,
whitish ; g. adnate, white then smoky olive ; s. 6 — 10 cm. fibrillose,
rusty ; sp. 8x4.

var. Schaeff eri, Fr. P. yellow; s. hollow, equal.

var. squamosa, Fr. P. brick-red, edge yellow with superficial
scales, flesh thick, yellowish.

[transversum, Gill. P. exp. obtusely umb. glabrous, brick-red,
disc darker ; g. yellowish, narrowed at both ends, connected by
strong veins ; s. solid, glabrous, pale above, base rusty.

capnoides, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. convexo-plane, obtuse, very glabrous,
yellow or tinged tawny ; g. adnate, grey then purplish ; s. 5 — 9 cm.
pallid, slightly silky ; sp. 8 x 4.

epixanthum, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. subgibbous, silky then
glabrous, pale yellow, disc often tawny, flesh yellow; g. yellowish
white then grey; s. 7 — 10 cm. floccosely fibrillose, whitish, apex
mealy ; sp. 7 x 4.

elaeodes, Fr. P. 2 — 4 cm. exp. subumb. dry, glabrous, brick-red,
flesh yellow; g. green then pure olive; s. 5 — 9 cm. fibrillose, rusty;
sp. 5 — 6 x 3 — 4.

fasciculare, Huds. Fasciculate, taste bitter. P. 2—5 cm. exp.
subumb. tawny, edge pale ; g. adnate, closely crowded, yellow then
greenish, subliquescent ; s. 6 — 9 cm. hollow, fibrillose, flesh like that
of p. yellow ; sp. 7 x 4.

Said to be a parasite on the roots of raspberry.

instratum, Britz. P. 2 — 4 cm. convex, broadly umb. dark brown,
radially rugose ; g. adnate ; s. 5 — 7 cm. squamulose and brownish
downwards ; sp. 8x4.

[aelopodium, Fr. P. fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, glabrous,
rufescent ; g. adnate, yellowish then brownish-olive ; s. fistulose with
a free tube inside, variegated with minute red squamules.

dispersum, Fr. P. T5 — 2'5 cm. P. fleshy, exp. obtuse, tawny,
honey-colour near the edge and silky; s. 5 — 9 cm. tough, silky-

214 Hypholoma.

fibrillose, base brownish ; g. subventricose, crowded, then clouded ;
sp. 7x3—4. (14x6 Sacc.)

[irroratum, Karst. P. convex, plane, gibbous, even, tawny
honey-colour, edge silky pruinose ; g. adnate, crowded, edge dentate,
straw-colour then darker and tinged green ; s. tough, fibrillosely-
silky, pallid, equal, wavy below and with dense rusty down, rooting ;
sp. 6 — 8 x 4.

Smell and taste very sour. Differs from H. dispersum in stem
and silky silvery edge of p.

* * VISCIDI. Pileus naked, viscid.

[Gilletii, Alex. P. exp. glutinous, rusty or ochre, edge lilac ; g.
adnate, reddish-violet; s. solid, curved, strigosely-squamose, colour

of p.
im

icomptum, Mass. P. 6 — 9 cm. campan. then exp. broadly umb.
viscid when moist, deep bay-brown, tawny-orange when dry, edge
wavy ; g. olive clouded purple ; s. 6 — 7 cm. rusty squamulose ; sp.
8 x 3'5.

oedipus, Cke. P. T5 — 2'5cm. hemispher. edge ragged, glutinous,
umber edge paler ; g. adnate ; s. 4 — 5 cm. enlarged downwards to
the bulbous base, ring median ; sp. - .

[Buxbaumii, Weinm. P. exp. even, glabrous, viscid, yellowish-
white ; g. adnate, greyish-black ; s. solid, long, equal, shining-white ;
sp. - .

[Prescotii, Weinm. P. exp. glabrous, viscid, rufescent ; g. adnate,
crowded, grey then fuscous-violet; s. stuffed, equal, elastic, white,
with pale rufescent squamules.

* * * VELUTINI. Pileus innately fibrillose, silky
or virgate.

storea, Fr. P. 6 — 7 cm. convexo-plane, umb. dry, fibrillose with
longitudinal fibrils, pale fuscous then pallid ; g. adnate, dry, edge
white-serrulate ; s. 8 — 10 cm. solid, pallid; sp. — ..

lacrymabundum, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. convex, obtuse, piloso-
squamose, scales innate darker, whitish then darker ; g. adnate,
crowded, brownish-purple; s. hollow, fibrillosely-squamulose, whitish,
flesh whitish ; sp. 10 x 5 — 6.

var. hypoxanthum ( = Ag. hypoxanthus, Phil, and Plow.). Base
of s. and mycelium yellow ; sp. 9— 1 1 x 5.

Quelet considers this species to be identical with his Stroph.
cotonea,

pyrotrichum, Holmsk. P. 5 — 9 cm. hemispher. densely covered
with tawny-red squamules of fasciculate hairs ; flesh and veil tawny ;
g. adnate ; s. 6 — 9 era. fibrillose, tawny ; sp. 1 1 x 6.

var. egregim, Mass. S. with spreading whitish squamules largest
near ring.

Hypholoma. 215

velutinum, Pers. P. 5—9 cm. campan. then exp. at length ob-
tusely umb. hygr. at first tomentose with adpr. fibrils then glabrous,
livid then paler, flesh very thin ; g. seceding, brownish-bay, spotted
black ; s. hollow, silky, pallid ; sp. 10 — 12 x 5 — 6.

var. leiocephalum, B. and Br. Smaller; disc rugged, smooth
except margin.

Quelet considers this species to represent the true Ag. lachry-
mabundus of Bulliard, tab. 194.

[melantinum, Fr. P. campan. then exp. umber then pale,
variegated with black innate pilose squamules ; g. adnexed, ventricose,
pale umber ; s. fistulose, pallid, fibrillosely hispid ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3 — 4.

[lepidotum, Bres. P. convex, exp. subgibbous, chestnut, centre
fuscous, with black fibrils which are here and there compacted into
squamules, densely striate; g. crowded, almost free, purple-brown,
edge fimbriate, white ; s. white, apex white-scurfy, veil evanescent ;
sp. 7—8 x 4—5.

* * * * FLOCCULOSI. Pileus with superficial, floccose
scales which fall away.

cascum, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. oval then exp. rugulose, becoming
glabrous, greyish ochre then pale ; g. ventricose, dry, very broad,
grey then blackish brown; s. 5 — 9 cm. hollow, fibrillose, white;
sp. - .

[sylvestre, Gill. P. conical then exp. obtuse, white at first, soon
covered with large, ad pressed brown or blackish, fibrillose scales,
margin appendiculate at first ; g. crowded ; s. cylindrical, wavy,
white.

punctulatum, Kalchbr. Caespitose. P. 2 — 3 cm. convex, edge
incurved, pallid, minutely squanmlose ; g. sinuato-adnate ; s. 2 — 5 cm.
squamuloso-fibrillose up to ring ; sp. - .

[coriarium, Vitt. P. convex then depr. discoid, floccosely scaly
then almost glabrous, clay-colour, disc darker ; g. pinkish then ochre ;
s. hollow, clavate, apex dilated.

[intonsum, Pass. P. flocculosely tomentose, veil membranaceous,
appendiculate spreading ; g. adnate, rosy then bay, edge white crenu-
late ; s. hollow, white, striate, apex flocculose.

[artemisiae, Passer. P. thin. exp. flocculose, edge incurved,
white veil evident ; g. adnate, crowded, white then fuscescent, edge
white, entire ; s. thick, white, apex narrowed and striate, base
floccose.

***** APPENDICULATI. Pileus glabrous, hygrophanous.

lanaripes, Cke. P. 3 — 5 cm. exp. edge upturned, centre conical,
pallid, squamose, veil attached to margin ; g. adnexed ; s. 4 — 7 cm.
fibrillose, white ; sp. - .

[coronatum, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, subisabelline centre

216 Hypholoma.

darker and variegated with darker spots, edge with tooth-like frag-
ments of veil ; g. adnate, closely crowded, very narrow ; s. glabrous,
even, white.

Candolleanum, Fr. P. 3—6 cm. campan. then exp. bay then
whitish, apex tinged ochre, pruinose ; g. sinuate, lilac then purple-
brown, edge white ; s. 4 — 7 cm. fistulose, slender, fibrillose, apex
striate, veil membranous, forming a ring or appendiculate, white ;
sp. 8—10x4—5.

Differs from H. append iculatum in the gills being lilac or violet
when young.

[violaceo-atrum, Letell. Caespitose. P. conical then exp. umb.
dusky violet ; g. brownish violet ; s. fistulose, even, whitish.

appendiculatum, Bull. P. 4 — 7 cm. ovate then exp. bay then
whitish, rugulose, and atomate ; g. white then fleshy brown ; s.
5 — 7 cm. glabrous, white ; sp. 5 x 2'5. (6 — 8 x 3 — 4 Sacc.)

Differs from H. Candolleanum by absence of violet in gills when
young.

hydrophilum, Bull. (BolMtius, Fr.). Tufted. P. 3 — 5 cm. con-
vex then exp. often rather wavy and rugulose, glabrous, bay then
ochre; g. adnexed, crowded, with beads of moisture, fuscous-cinnamon;
s. 4 — 5 cm. pallid ; sp. 5x3, rusty cinnamon.

Differs from Psil. spadicea in the rusty cinnamon gills and
spores.

[sublentum, Karst. P. tough, campan.-convex, exp. obtuse,
wavy, rugulose towards the edge which is silky from veil, glabrous,
hygr. smoky rufous or brown then pale ; g. adnate, purplish brown,
edge white, flocculosely crenate ; s. fibrous, hollow, white, veil
append. ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 5.

[subpapillatum, Karst. Caespitose. P. exp. wavy, glabrous,
rough with minute crowded warts, bay or rufous-cinnamon then pale
ochre and wrinkled ; g. dry ; s. equal, silky-shining, apex striate and
pruinose, becoming pale ; sp. 5 x 2'5 — 3.

Differs from Hypholoma appendiculatum in granulose p.

catarium, Fr. P. 1'5 — 2 cm. hemispher. exp. ochraceous then
pale ; g. adnate, white then fuscous; s. 3 — 4 cm. white, rather shining,
base thickened and white-floccose ; sp. 6 x 3.

leucotephmm, B. and Br. Tufted. P. 5 — 7 cm. campan. exp.
whitish, rugose, append. ; g. grey then blackish ; s. 6 — 9 cm. apex
coarsely striate, ring ample ; sp. 10x6.

[felinum, Pass. P. hemispher. exp. glabrous, hygr. ; g. adnate,
white, then fuscous ; s. fistulose, short, slender, somewhat shining,
base thickened and white floccose, apex striate.

egenulum, B. and Br. Solitary. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. umb. watery
white, smooth, edge appendiculate ; g. purplish umber, edge white ;
s. 4 — 5 cm. fistulose ; sp. - .

pilulaeforme, Bull. P. 1-5 — 2 cm. globose then exp. even, fuscous
then ochre ; g. white then brownish ; s. 2—3 cm. white, at first with
a ring ; sp. — .

Panaeolw. 217

PANAEOLUS, Fr.

* Pileus viscid, shining when dry.

leucophanes, B. and Br. P. 2 cm. campan. obtuse, whitish,
satiny, edge with fragments of veil ; g. adnate, edge white ; s.
4 — 5cm. white, slightly wavy; sp. 11 — 13x7 — 8.

egregius, Mass. P. 4 — 5 cm. ovate-campan. even, orange-brown ;
g. adnexed, broad, edge paler; s. 9 — 12 cm. pale brown ; sp. 15 — 17
x7— 8.

phalenanim, Fr. P. 2 — 5 cm. campan. -con vex, obtuse, greyish
then yellowish, veil append. ; g. broad, greyish then black ; s.
6 — 10 cm. equal, pruinose, pale rufescent ; sp. 10 x 6.

Differs from P. papilionaceus in viscid p.

* * Pileus not viscid, moist, subflocculose when dry.

retirugis, Fr. P. 2—3 cm. globose then hemisph. subumb. pinkish
tan, atomate, opaque, with anastomosing raised ribs ; g. greyish
black; s. 5 — 9 cm. equal, pruinose, purplish ; sp. 11 — 13x7. (15 — 20
x 8—9 Sacc.)

Margin often appendiculate.

[remotus, Schaeff. P. campan.-convex, subumb. flocculosely-
rugulose when dry, smoky-tawny ; g. free, at length remote, ventricose,
black ; s. fistulose, slender, fuscescent ; sp. 11 — 12 x 8 — 9.

sphinctrinus, Fr. P. T5 — 2 cm. parabolic, obtuse, even, moist,
grey or smoky-black, livid and rather silky when dry, veil append. ;
g. adnate, grey or olive then blackish with a very narrow white edge ;
s. 4 — 7 cm. sooty grey, apex even ; sp. 15 — 17 x 9 — 10.

* * * Pileus not viscid, smooth, rather polished,

campanulatus, L. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. slightly viscid, sooty grey,
paler and the cuticle often cracking or peeling when dry ; g. adfixed,
crowded, grey spotted with black, often with beads of moisture ; s.
fistulose, rufescent or reddish-grey, everywhere pruinose, summit
striate ; sp. 8—9 x 6. (15—18 x 9—13, Sacc.)

papilionaceus, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. hemispher. pruinose, greyish,
cracked into squamules when dry ; g. broadly adnate, very broad,
grey spotted with black ; s. 6 — 9 cm. whitish, apex with white meal ;
sp. 11—12x7. (18 long, Quelet.)

[subfirmus, Karst. P. convex then plane, centre subdepr. but
also subumb. even, glabrous, shining, disc subrugulose, dry, pale,
smoky line often present near edge ; g. adnexed with decur. tooth,
lanceolate, black ; s. wavy, glabrous, pale, apex flocculosely scaly ; sp.
12—14 x 7—9.

caliginosus, Jungh. P. 2 cm. campan. obtuse, even, brown ; g.

218 Panaeolus — Psathyrella.

adnexed, lanceolate ; s. 4 — 7 cm. equal, even, naked, colour of p. ; sp.
10 x 6—7. (16—18 x 10 Sacc.)

[Queletii, Schulz. Solitary, hygr. P. conical, even, pale umber
disc fuscescent ; g. free, ventricose, blackish, edge white ; s. straight,
thinner upwards, tinged reddish ; sp. 13 — 14 long.

* * * * Pileus dry, with a dark marginal zone.

subbalteatus, B. and Br. Caespitose. P. 3 — 5 cm. convex,
hygr. fawn-colour, rugose when dry; g. adnate, edge white, serrulate;
s. 4 — 6 cm. red-brown, fibrous, white-fibrillose ; sp. 14 — 15 x 8 — 9.

acuminatus, Fr. P. conico-campan. T5 — 2 '5 cm. thin, glabrous,
shining, pinkish-buff, with a dark line near the edge; g. adnexed,
very broad, whitish then grey, finally dusky bistre ; s. 2 — 3 cm.
slender, fistulose, whitish, shining, base brownish, thickened, white
and downy ; sp. 18 long.

[guttulatus, Bres. P. convexo-exp. often subumb. edge involute
then spreading, black, then disc tawny, at first with grey bloom ; g.
colour of p. edge white pruinose then fringed with drops ; s. equal,
fistulose, tinged fuscous then greyish-scurfy ; sp. 10 x 4.

fimicola, Fr. P. 2 cm. cam pan. -convex, obtuse, grey then yellow-
ish ; g. adnate, broad ; s. 5 — 9 cm. pallid, with white meal upwards ;
sp. 16 x 8^-10.

var. cinctulus, Bolton. P. reddish-cinnamon ; s. dingy brown.

[hypomelas, Batt. P. exp. rufous-tomentose, disc blackish; g.
crowded, intensely black ; s. stuffed, narrowed downwards, greyish-
white.

[gomphodes, Batt. P. campan. -con vex, gibbous, dusky rufous,
pannose when dry ; g. free, blackish ; s. stout, rigid, ascending,
flocculose, rufescent, veil arachnoid.

[Larchenfeldii, Schulz. P. subgL silvery, silky shining, subumbil.
deeply sulcate, edge grey, wavy ; g. irreg. plicate ; s. hollow, with
brown fibrils.

PSATHYRELLA, Fr.

* Stem straight, glabrous.

subatrata, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. obtuse, rufous-umber, paler
when dry, edge striate ; g. adnate, crowded ; s. 8 — 10 cm. fistulose,
white then pallid ; sp. 12—15 x 6 — 8.

gracilis, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. smoky or greyish then rosy,
slightly striate only when moist; g. broadly adnate, edge rosy; s.
6 — 7 cm. fragile, straight, pallid ; sp. 7 x 3'5. (12 — 14 x 6 — 8 Sacc.)

Pileus tinged rose and rugulose when dry.

[longicauda, Karst. P. convex, glabrous, pellucidly striate to
umbo, smoky yellow, hygr. ; g. adnate, crowded, blackish purple, edge

Psathyrella. 219

white ; s. fistulose, equal, subglabrous, apex white-mealy, remarkably
rooting ; sp. 13— 16 x 7 — 9.

Differs from P. gracilis in larger sp., white edge to g., and
rooting stem.

[squamifera, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, pellucidly striate to
middle, rugulose, livid fuscous, pale tan when dry, with scattered,
white fibrillose scales ; g. adnate, entirely grey then fuscescent ; s. equal,
silky, apex pruinoso-tiocculose then almost glabrous, pallid, base
oblique, strigosely rooting ; sp. 11—13x6.

Differs from P. gracilis in silky s., gills all one colour, &c.

[impatiens, Fr. P. thin, campan. obtuse, livid yellow, furcato-
sulcate ; g. adnate ; s. straight, weak, white ; sp. 12 — 15 x 6—8.

[biformis, Schulz. P. conic, even, glabrous, white then tinged
flesh-colour; g. sinuato-adnexed, ventricose; s. filiform, glabrous,
even, whitish ; sp. 11 — 14 x 6.

hiascens, Fr. P. 2—3 cm. campan. brownish, fisso-sulcate ; g.
adnato-liriear ; s. 3 — 4 cm. straight, glabrous, white ; sp. 7 x 3'5.
(10—12 x 7—10 Sacc.)

[gracilipes, Pat. P. persistently campan. sulcate up to disc,
reddish-brown ; g. nearly free, broad, blackish, subdeliquescent ; -s.
slender, tall, rigid, hollow, whitish, ring median, very distinct, fu-
gacious ; sp. 8 x 4.

arata, B. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan.-conic, rather acute, brown then
paler, coarsely sulcate ; g. free ; s. 8 — 12 cm. white ; sp. - .

trepida, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. obtuse, fragile, densely and
finely striate, dusky; jr. ventricose, crowded; s. 6 — 7 cm. pellucid,
hyaline ; sp. 12 diam.

hydrophora, Bull. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. then exp. and striate,
edge revolute, disc rufous ; g. adnate, crowded, narrow ; s. 5—7 cm.
straight from a curved base, white, beaded with drops of water ; sp.
11—18x7—8.

[graveolens, Sacc. Smell strong. P. convex, exp. obtusely umb.
blackish fuscous, silky-atomate ; g. rather crowded, broadish, black ;
s. slender, cylindrical, glabrous, fuscous ; sp. 5 — 6 x 2.

[ampelina, Foex and Viala. P. conical then exp. almost smooth,
pale brown, thin, slightly pilose ; g. crowded, narrow, rosy violet then
greyish brown ; s. white, shining, springing from a copious creeping
mycelium ; sp. 4 — 5 long.

* * Stem more or less flexuous, apex 'mealy.

caudata, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. conico-campan. striate, hygr. dry, disc
even, pinkish tan ; g. adnate, very broad ; s. 7—11 cm. slightly nar-
rowed to rooting base, whitish ; sp. 12 — 15 x 6 — 9.

[circellatipes, Ben. Caespitose, hygr. P. conico-campan. pilose
then glabrous, rufous-brown then tawny ochre, at last pale ochre ; g.
blackish, edge white, denticulate ; s. long, white or pallid, apex

220 Psathyrella.

mealy, base with several delicate, narrow, tawny ochre rings ; sp.
13—15x8—9.

[sulcata, Dun. P. campan. umb. bay then blackish; g. broad,
subliquescent ; s. stuffed, equal

[asperella, Q. P. cinnamon, apex darker, becoming pale, whitish
and transparent, squamulose when young; g. distant, narrowed at
both ends, whitish then powdered with the black spores; s. short,
thick, cylindrical then elongated, wavy, white, base often swollen ;
sp. 6—9 x 4.

prona, Fr. P. T5 — 2 cm. hemispher. striate, hygr. smoky, opaque
and silky-atomate when dry ; g. adnate, grey then dusky-violet, edge
often rosy ; s. 2 — 3 cm. equal, flexuous, whitish ; sp. 10 x 4 — 5.
(12—18 x 8—9 Sacc.)

empyreumatica, B. and Br. Strong scented. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp.
hygr. rufous then pale and atomate ; g. adnate, broad, connected by
veins, edge pale ; s. 4 — 6 cm. silkily-scurfy, pale ; sp. — .

Closely resembling Pholiota confragosa.

| infida. Q. P. conical, 1 cm. very thin, floccosely downy, greyish
bistre ; g. adnate, triangular, distant, creamy then flesh-colour, finally
bay with a white edge ; s. fistulose, filiform, wavy, somewhat pruinose,
pinkish bistre ; sp. 12 long.

atomata, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. obtuse, slightly striate, hygr.,
rugulose, atomate, pale ochre, whitish, or tinged rose when dry; g.
adnate, broad ; s. 4 — 5 cm. slightly flexuous, white, apex scurfy ; sp.
10 x 4. (13—15 x 5—8 Sacc.)

Differs from P. gracile in flexuous and scurfy s. and not rose-
edged gills.

var. expolita, Fr. Smaller. P. conical, edge striate ; s. undu-
lating, glabrous ; sp. 12— 14 x 6.

[subatomata, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, fragile, deeply striate,
hygr. rugose when dry, grey or livid, centre more or less bay, tinged
rosy when dry ; g. adnexed, ventricose, greyish then black, edge rosy;
hyaline, pallid, white when dry, apex pruinose, base fibrously rooting ;
sp. 10—14 x 5—7.

[subrosea, Karst. P. campan. -convex, obtuse, entirely striate,
naked, livid fuscous, rosy in dry weather ; g. adnate, segmentoid,
grey, edge rosy; s. wavy, naked, whitish ; sp. 10 — 13 x 5—6.

[expolita, Fr. Small. P. conical, edge striate, and with the
wavy stem, glabrous ; g. not crowded, greyish-brown ; s. 12 — 14 x 6.

crenata, Lasch. P. Y5 — 2 cm. hemispher. snlcate, edge crenate,
yellowish and atomate when dry ; g. adnate ; s. 3 — 5 cm. whitish,
striate and mealy upwards ; sp. 11 — 13 x 5 — 6.

disseminata, Pers. Densely tufted. P. 1 — 1 '5 cm. ovate-cam pan.
furfuraceous then naked, sulcate, yellowish then grey ; g. adnate ; s.
2 — 3 cm. lax, scurfy then glabrous; sp. 6 — 10 x 3 — 5.

[consimilis, Bres. and Henn. P. conico-campan. exp. hyaline
yellowish at first then centre yellowish, edge greyish-fuscous, striate,
glabrous ; g. rotundato-adnate, white then flesh-colour, then blackish-

Psathyrella — Psaihyra. 221

brown, edge white fimbriate ; s. hyaline white, fibrillose then almost
glabrous ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3'5 — 4, cystidia fusoideo-ventricose.

[subtilis, Fr. P. campan. obtuse, almost glabrous, hygr. pel-
lucidly striate when moist, ochre then pale ; g. adnate, edge whitish ;
s. filiform, lax, glabrous ; sp. 12 — 16 x 5 — 8.

With a scurfy veil when young ]

PSATHYRA, Fr.

I. CONOPILEI. Pileus conico-campanulate ; gills
ascending, adnexed, often free.

elata, Mass. P. 3 — 5 cm. high, obtusely campan. even, glabrous,
dark brown then pale and atomate ; g. adnate ; s. 9 — 15 cm. straight,
slightly narrowed upwards, white, shining ; sp. 18 x 8 — 9.

conopilea, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. even, glabrous, bay then
pale; g. slightly adnexed; s. 8 — 14 cm. narrowed upwards, white,
shining; sp. 14x7.

mastigera, B. and Br. P. 3—5 cm. nearly cylindrical obtuse
then conico-campau. with a strong umbo, usually wavy, brown then
pale ; g. affixed, umber, edge pale ; s. 6 — 7 cm. whitish or tinged
purple ; sp. 15—16 x 7—8.

glareosa, B. and Br. P. T5 cm. campan. grey, striate, minutely
tomentose ; g. broadly adnate ; s. 3 — 5 cm. brown with white fibrils ;
sp. - .

[griseobadia, Pat. P. hemispher. striate, pruinosely pulverulent,
dry, tough, reddish-fuscous ; g. numerous, unequal, entire, adnate,
fuscous ; s. slender, glabrous, reddish, dry, tough ; sp. 10x7.

[Loscosii, liab. P. thin, campan.-exp. greyish fuscous, sulcate,
folds at length granulato-crenate, edge incurved ; g. adnate ; s. long,
tough, equal, pallid luscescent.

corrugis, Pers. P. 3—5 cm. campan. umb. rather rugose, pale
ochre often tinged pink ; g. sinuate, adnexed ; s. 4 — 7 cm. equal, gla-
brous, white ; sp. 12 — 14 x 6.

var. vinosus, Corda. P. with rosy tinge ; s. short.

var. gracilis, Bull. ( = P. pellosperma, Cke.). Slenderer than
type.

[Barlae, Bresad. P. campan. exp. purplish brown then reddish
umber, centre tawny, reticulately rugulose ; g. purplish then fuscous,
edge white ; s. tall, stout, hollow, purplish upwards inside and out,
pale below, base strigose, veil white ; sp. 12 — 15 x 7 — 8.

[torpens, Weinm. P. campan. obtuse, even, becoming pale ; g.
dry, brown, edge white ; s. slender, glabrous, white.

var. astrospora, Q. Subhygr. very fragile, blackish grey then
fuscescent, glabrous ; g. adnato-decur. dusky brown-purple then
blackish ; s. straight, rigid, hollow, white, striate and white-mealy
above ; sp. black, 11 — 14 x 5.

222 Psafhyra.

tenuicula, Karst. P. very thin, campan. subexp. everywhere
striate, whitish, then livid or smoky, pale when dry ; g. adnate, pallid
then grey ; s. usually wavy, hyaline, pellucid, glabrous ; sp. 5 — 6 x 3.

[subliquescens, Schum. P. conico-exp. brown-striate, viscid ; g.
nearly free, subliquescent ; s. elongated, attenuated, straight, pale
brown.

[typhae, Kalchb. Small. P. thin, convex, striate, glabrous,
pallid ochre then pale umber; g. nearly free, whitish then fuscous;
s. naked, whitish, seated on an orbicular membranaceous arachnoid
mycelium.

var. iridis, Boud. P. fuscous, striate, umbo rugulose, semipellucid ;
s. with a median ring ; sp. 10 — 13 x 6 — 7.

[stricta, Trog. P. campan. silky-even, dry, pallid ; g. adnexed,
subdeliquescent, purplish umber ; s. tall, straight, glabrous, white.

gyroflexa, Pr. P. 1 — 2 cm. conico-campan. striate, atomate, grey,
disc rufescent when dry ; g. adnexed ; s. 3 — 5 cm. flexuous, silky,
white ; sp. 8 — 10 x 4 — 5.

II. OBTUSATI. Pileus campanulato-convex, expanding,
glabrous or atomate, gills piano- or arcuato-adfixed.

spadiceo-grisea, Schaeff. P. 3 — 4 cm. conico-campan. then exp.
subumb. .glabrous, striate to middle, hygr. bay then greyish ; g.
narrow ; sp. 8 — 10 long.

obtusata, Fr. P. 1 — 2 cm. campan. then exp. obtuse, glabrous,
corrugated, hygr. rather shining, umber then pale ; g. adnate ; s.
2 — 4 cm. pallid, base incurved ; sp. 6 — 7 x 4.

[ombrophila, Karst. P. plane, orbicular, subgibbous, even,
granular ; g. adnexed, blackish ; s. reddish, base subtuberous ; sp.
yellowish, 4 — 6 x 2 — 3.

neglecta, Mass. P. 6 — 8 mm. convex then exp. even, glabrous,
pale ochre, atomate and whitish when dry ; g. purple-brown ; s.
2 — 3 cm. rather wavy, white, pellucid ; sp. 12x6; cystidia abundant,
fusiform.

Differs from P. urticaecola in glabrous p.

[fagicola, Lasch. P. thin, campan. obtuse, striate, viscid, greenish-
blue, sublivid, fuscescent ; g. adnexed then separating, subliquescent,
brown.

[Falkii. Weinm. P. thin, hemispher.-exp. pellucid, moist, hygr.
mealy grey when dry ; g. laxly adfixed, ventricose, umber then
fuscous-purple.

[solitaria, K. Fragile. P. campan.-exp. glabrous, umber, pallid
tan when dry ; s. fistulose, equal, whitish, fibrillose, base with white
down ; sp. 6 — 7 x 3, cystidia ventricose-fusoid.

[pallens, Karst. P. convex, even, often rugulose when dry,
atomate, naked, whitish when dry; g. subadnate, ascending, grey,
edge rosy ; s. equal, straight, naked, pallid ; sp. 18 — 25 x 12 — 13 ;
cystidia fusoid.

Psathyra. 223

III. FIBRILLOSI. Pileus and stem floccose or fibrillose at
first from the universal veil.

frustulenta, Fr. P. 2—3 cm. hemisph. obtuse, slightly striate,
albo-floccose at edge, pallid brown, hygr. ; g. adnate, cinnamon ; s.
4 — 5 cm. rather wavy, flocculose, white; sp. 10 x 4, pale rusty brown.
(5—7 x 3—4 Sacc.)

Much like a Galera in colour of sp.

[bipellis, Q. P. campan. then exp. 2 — 3 cm. hygr. purple-bay
then micaceous and rosy, edge with white silky flecks ; g. adnate, rosy
then dusky violet with a narrow white edge ; s. fistulose, fragile,
mealy at the apex, downy then satiny, white, often tinged violet ; sp.
15 long.

[subunda, Karst. P. conico-convex, exp. umb. atomate, pellucidly
striate, even, glabrous, pale tan or pale livid, whitish when dry, with
scattered fibrils ; g. adnate, crowded, grey then tinged violet, finally
brown ; s. cylindrical, shining, white ; sp. 8 — 9 x 4.

[Schulzeri, Q. ( = Ag. flavescens, Q.) P. conoid-hemisph. then
exp. white, apex yellow or brown, even ; g. purple-brown, edge whitish ;
s. cartilaginous, glabrous, white ; sp. 5 — 8 long.

bifrons, B. and Br. P. 1 — 2 cm. campan. obtuse, rugulose,
brownish-ochre, at first fibrillose ; g. adnate, edge toothed ; s.
4 — 7 cm. naked, shining, white; sp. 8x4.

var. semitincta, Phil. P. pinkish ; sp. 12 x 5.

semivestita, B. and Br. P. 1'5 — 2 cm. ovate-campan. obtuse,
even, bay then pale ochre, when young lower half white-fibrillose ;
g. broad; s. 5 — 7 cm. white, fibrillose below; sp. 10 — 12x5.

fatuus, Pr. P. 2 — 3 cm. ovato-campan. then exp. rugose,
fibrillose then glabrous, dingy ochre then pale ; g. adnate, brown ;
s. 5 — 9 cm. white, apex striate, mealy ; sp. 12 — 13 x 6 — 7.

fibrillosa, Pers. P. 3 — 4 cm. campan. then exp. slightly striate,
fibrillose, livid then pale ; g. adnate, very broad behind ; s. 4 — 5 cm.
white, fi brilloso-squamulose ; sp. 1 2 x 5 — 6.

Gordon!, B. and Br. Densely tufted. P. 2 — 4 cm. campan.
pale grey then white, floccose, edge sulcate; g. grey; s. 4 — 5 cm.
white, floccose below ; sp. 14 — 15 long.

helobia, Kalchbr. P. 2 — 4 cm. campan. then plane with con-
centric ridges ; radiately rugose, subumb. sooty brown, pale when
dry ; g. adnate, sooty brown ; s. 6 — 8 cm. reddish umber with white
squamules ; sp. 12x6.

pennata, Fr. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. obtuse, even, with feathery
white squamules, pale ochre; g. adnexed, broad; s. 4 — 5 cm.
villose, silvery ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5.

var. Jimicola, Bern. P. rusty ochre ; g. black, with a decur.
tooth.

var. squamosa, Karst. Stem everywhere with squarrose white
floccose scales ; sp. 5 — 6 x 3.

224 Psathyra — Psttocybe.

gossypina, Bull. P. r5 — 2'5 cm. campan. then exp. tomentose,
soon glabrous, edge striate, pale ochre ; g. adnexed ; s. 4 — 5 cm.
tomentose, whitish ; sp. 10 x 6.

[squamosa, Karst. P. campan. exp. tawny-fuscous, tan and
scaly when dry ; g. adnate, crowded ; s. equal, wavy, undulate,
apex mealy then glabrous, shining ; sp. 6 — lo x 3 — 5.

Differs from P. gossypina and P. pennata in colour of p. and
smaller sp.

noli-tangere, Fr. Very fragile. P. 1—2 cm. campan.-exp.
everywhere striate, hygr. squamulose near edge, pale umber then
pale ; g. adnate, broad ; s. brownish, apex smooth ; sp. 12 x 5.

[laureata, Q. P. convex, mammilate, glabrous, slightly viscid,
greyish bistre, edge with a double row of snow-white flecks; g.
subdecur. broad, triangular, greyish lilac; s. pruinose at summit,
minutely velvety, clear grey ; sp. 8 long.

Resembles P. noli-tangere in appearance.

microrhiza, Lasch. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. even, dry, atomate,
at first yellow-pilose ; g. crowded, narrow ; s. 4 — 5 cm. silky, white,
rooting; sp. 10 — 11x6.

urticaecola, B. and Br. P. 4 — 5 mm. campan. flocculent, edge
becoming striate, white; g. chocolate; s. 1—2 cm. flocculent, white;
sp. 7x4.

PSILOCYBE, Fr.

I. TENACES. Veil accidental, rarely conspicuous. Stem
callous, flexile, often coloured. Pileus pelliculose, often
viscid in damp weather, becoming somewhat pale,
clear coloured.

* Gills ventricose, not decurrent.

sarcocephala, Fr. P. 4—9 cm. compact, exp. mealy then
glabrous, pallid rusty ; g. adnate, very broad, grey then purplish
bistre ; s. 7—12 cm. whitish, apex mealy ; sp. 7 x 3'5.

[pertinax, Fr. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, reticulately rugose,
dusky-brown, disc even ; g. adnate, crowded, rusty-brown ; s. hollow,
fibrillosely striate, pallid.

nemophila. Alex. P. exp. brick-red, even ; g. deeply decur. very
narrow, edge crisped-dentate ; s. solid, pale, fusiformly narrowed.

helvola, Schaeff. P. 2 — 3 cm. conical then convex, yellow-brown,
disc darkest ; g. broadly adnate, broad, purple-umber, edge whitish ;
s. 5 — 6 cm. flexuous, pale, hollow; sp. obliquely elliptical, warted.
9—10x5—6.

atrobrunnea, Lasch. P. campan.-convex, umb. even, brownish ;

f. adnexed then seceding, rather distant, brownish ; s. stuffed, long,
brillose, apex white-mealy ; sp. 9 — 12 x 5 — 6.

Psilocybe. 225

ericaea, Pers. P. 2—4 cm. exp. viscid when moist, tawny or bay
then yellowish and shining ; g. adnate, broad, pruinose, at length
black, edge white ; s. 6 — 9 cm. tough, pallid ; sp. 9 — 10 x 5.

subericaea, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. convex, obtuse, becoming plane,
even, smooth, tawny then pale ; g. sinuate, adnexed, broad ; s. 3 — 4
cm. equal, smooth, yellowish, hollow ; sp. 10 x 6.

Differs from P. ericaea in short s. and attachment of broad g.

[dichroa, Karst. P. campan. subumb. edge slightly striate, bay
then tan ; g. adfixed, broad, brownish-purple, edge whitish ; s. pallid
then fuscescent, silky.

var. minor, Karst. Smaller. P. striate to middle ; g. umber.

[lipophila, Oud. P. convex, exp. obtuse, glabrous, viscid when
moist, pale rusty; g. adnexed then decur. broad; s. whitish, apex
white, base with white down ; sp. 11 — 12 x 7.

[mutabilis, Karst. P. tough, convex, obtuse, watery umber when
moist, tawny when dry, glabrous ; g. adnate, crowded, broad ; s.
hollow, rigid, equal, whitish-silky, tinged rusty especially downwards ;
sp. 7—10 x 3—4.

uda, Pers. P. 1'5 — 2 -5 cm. exp. dry, rugulose, tawny then
yellowish ; g. adfixed, purplish ; s. 6 — 10 cm. pale, thin, tough,
fibrillose base rusty; sp. 10x5. (16—20x7—9 Karst.)

var. polytrichi, Fr. P. campan.-convex then plano-depr. even,
glabrous, dry, pale yellow then whitish, edge pale; g. becoming
decur. ; s. elongated, wavy, glabrous, pale tawny.

var. elongatus, Pers. P. campan.-convex, striate when moist,
livid- or greenish-yellow, even and yellowish when dry.

[corneipes, Fr. P. campan.-couvex, glabrous, bay, edge striate;
g. adnate, very broad behind ; s. horny, rigid, shining, blackish bay.

canofaciens, Cke. P. 2 — 3 cm. campan. then exp. disc fleshy,
bay, with white fibrils ; g. adnate, umber ; s. 4 — 7 cm. colour of
p. ; sp. 10 x 4, some much larger.

areolata, Klotzsch. P. 3 — 6 cm. exp. brownish ochre, cracked
up into patches; g. adnate; s. 4 — 7 cm. dingy white, fibrillose;
sp. 12—13x8.

virescens, Mass. P. 3—5 cm. exp. brown then greenish yellow,
cracked into patches ; g. adnexed, dingy purple, edge pale ; s. 4 — 5
cm. apex striate, greenish, base white ; sp. 9 x 5.

agraria, Fr. P. 2 cm. exp. white, not hygr. ; g. adnate, white
then brown ; s. 4 — 6 cm. glabrous, white ; sp.

chondroderma, B. and Br. P. 2—3 cm. campan. bright dark
brown, very smooth, sometimes cracked, edge thin, append. ; g.
adfixed, brown, edge white; s. 4—5 cm. subequal, paler than p.,
fibrillose, base squamulose ; sp. 7 x 3'5.

scobicola, B. and Br. P. 2—3 cm. convex, umbil. white, glabrous ;
g. aduexed, broad, reddish-brown; s. 2—3 cm. whitish, fibrillose,
hollow ; sp. 8 x 5, pale.

226 Psilocybe.

* * Gills plane, very broad behind, subdecur.

ammophila, Mont. P. 2 — 3 cm. exp. umb. yellow-rufous, fibrillose ;
g. with a subdecur. tooth ; s. 4 — 5 cm. white, lower half clavate and
sunk in the earth, striate ; sp. 12x8. (32 x 23 Sacc.)

coprophila, Bull. P. 1'5 — 2 cm. slightly viscid, hemispher. then
exp. umb. yellowish rufous; g. arcuato-subdecur. broad; s. 3 — 5 cm.
narrowed upwards, white, floccose then almost glabrous ; sp. 13 — 14
x8.

Differs from P. bullacea in absence of striae on p.

bullacea, Bull. P. 1 — 2 cm. hemispher. then exp. umb. finely
striate to middle, rather viscid, bay or brownish brick-red, then
pale, often with a white fringe at the edge, cuticle separable ;
g. adnate, almost triangular, grey then brownish purple ; s. 2 — 4 cm.
slender, apex pruinose, fawn, fibrillose, base rusty ; sp. 9 — 1 1 x 4 — 7.

physaloides, Bull P. 1 '5 — 2 cm. campan. then exp. umb. striate,
rather viscid, purple brown or bay then pale ; g. subdecur. rather
rusty then purplish brown ; s. 2— 3 cm. fibrillose, base bay ; sp.
12x6.

[fermgineo-lateritia, Vogl. P. convex, subumbil. edge substriate,
glabrous, subhygr. rusty brick-red ; g. adnato-decur. purple-black ; s.
cylindrical, colour of p. base white ; sp. 7—9 x 4.

[libertata, Fr. P. obconic, umbo hemispher. prominent, at first
hoarily silky then glabrous, dusky umber then pale ; g. deeply decur. ;
s. flexile.

atrorufa, Schaeff. P. 2 — 2'5 cm. convex, obtuse, glabrous, edge
striate, purple-brown then pale ; g. subdecur. broad, brown-violet
with a white edge ; s. 5 — 7 cm. pale bay or fawn, pruiuose, fibrillose
at base ; sp. 10—12 x 6. (6—8 x 4—5 Karst.)

nuciseda. Fr. P. 1'5 — 2 cm. convex, obsoletely umb. rather
silky when dry and yellowish, dusky brown at first ; g. adnate,
broad; s. 2 — 3 cm. brownish with white down, base narrowed; sp.
8x4.

* Gills sublinear,

tegularis, Schum. P. campan. glabrous, tan, areolately cracked ;
g. attenuato-adnexed ; s. stuffed, narrowed upwards from a thickened
base, pallid.

compta, B. and Br. P. 3 — 4 cm. conico-campan. then exp.
subumb. edge striate, pale ochre and atomate when dry ; g. broad,
adnate ; s. 4 — 5 cm. pale rufous ; sp. - .

[callosa, Fr. P. conico-campan. obtuse, even, glabrous, dry,
white or yellowish ; g. adnate, ascending, ventricose, sooty black ;
s. tough, equal, glabrous, pallid.

semilanceata, Fr. P. 1—2 cm. exp. acutely conical, slightly
viscid and striate when moist, pallid, often tinged yellow or green ;
g. adnexed ; s. 4 — 7 cm. flexuous, pallid ; sp. 10 — 12 x 6.

var. caerulescens, Cke. P. rather obtuse ; s. bluish at base.

Pdlocybe. 227

II. RIGIDI. Veil absent. Stem rigid. Gills
adnexed, very rarely adnate.

[phoenix, Seer. P. campan. then exp. even, glabrous, hygr.
fuscous then pale and shining; g. free; s. stuffed, striate, pallid,
subbulbous.

canobrunnea, Fr. P. 4 — 7 cm. exp. obtuse, subviscid when
moist, hygr. fleshy-brown then pale ; g. nearly free, brownish purple ;
s. 4 — 5 cm. hollow, short, squamulose, whitish or greyish pink,
rooting; sp. — .

[Gilletii, Karst. P. campan. -con vex, often obliquely umb. gla-
brous, livid grey with olive tinge, umb. tawny, then pale ochre;
g. subadnate soon free, grey- then livid-purple ; s. fistulose, straight,
equal, glabrous, bay, apex paler and pruinose ; sp. 10 — 13 x 5—6.

[simulans, Karst. P. conico-convex, exp. usually obtusely umb.
glabrous, pale rusty with honey-colour tinge, pellucidly striate, edge
at first incurved, yellow tawny when dry ; g. greyish with honey or
olive tinge ; s. wavy, ascending, rather lubricous, shining, bay, apex
paler ; sp. 4 — 6 x 3.

spadicea, Fr. Subcaespitose. P. 3 — 7 cm. glabrous, humid,
convex then exp. edge at first incurved, dark bay or bistre-brown
then pale ; g. adnate with decur. tooth, crowded, whitish then
pinkish, at last purple-brown ; s. fistulose, equal, rigid, silky, whitish ;
sp. 10 x 5.

var. hygrophtia, Fr. Larger. P. fuscous then tan; s. subfusi-
formly rooting ; g. emarginate with a long decur. line.

var. polycephala, Fr. Very densely tufted. P. rigid ; s. slender,
slightly flexuous ; g. nearly free, fuscous-umber.

This is the commonest form in Britain.

ffypholoma hydrophilum differs in having fuscous-cinnamon,
lachrymose gills.

cernua, Fl. I)an. P. 1/5 — 2 cm. campan.-convex then exp.
glabrous, micaceous, hygr. rugulose and pallid when dry; g. adnate;
s. 5—9 cm. white, apex even, pruinose ; sp. 8 x 5.

squalens, Fr. P. 2—5 cm. exp. depr. even, glabrous, hygr. lurid
then pale ; g. adnato-decur. tan then brown ; s. 4 — 5 cm. not rooting,
apex striate, colour of p. ; sp. - .

[murcida, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, slightly striate, hygr. even
when dry, bay then tan or rosy ; g. adnate, segmentoid, umber ;
s. slender, fragile, straight, naked.

[hebes, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, hygr. edge striate, lurid
then pale ; g. adnate, triangular ; s. glabrous, pallid.

foenisecii, Fr. P. 1-5 — 2 cm. campan.-exp. obtuse, dingy brown
then pale; g. adnate, ventricose, umber; s. 4—6 cm. not rooting,
pale reddish, glabrous ; sp. 10 x 5 — 6.

clivensis, B. and Br. P. 2—3 cm. hemispher. pale brown then
pale ochre or whitish ; g. broad, adnate, emarginate, edge pale ; s.
3 cm. silky, base subclavate ; sp. 10 x 5.

15—2

228 Psilocybe — Coprinus.

[vicina, Fr. P. convex then plane, obtuse, glabrous, umber then
pale ; g. slightly adnexed, grey then blackish ; s. stuffed, wavy, grey,
apex pruinose.

catervata, Mass. Densely fasciculate. P. 1 — 2 cm. campan.
obtuse, white; g. slightly adnexed, crowded, edge entire, white;
s. 3 — i cm. white ; sp. 12x4; cystidia fusiform.

COPRINUS, Fr.

Key to the Sections,

I. Volva distinct with a free edge; ring present or absent.
p. 228.

II. Volva absent ; ring present on stem. p. 229.

III. Volva and ring absent. Veil practically absent. Pileus
either glabrous or with minute innate squamules, especially near
the apex, not splitting along the lines of the gills, p. 231.

IV. Volva ami ring absent. Veil very evident— at least in a
young state — as a felty coating, which breaks up during expansion
of the pileus into patches, cottony, squamulose, fibrillose or mealy.
Not glistening nor micaceous, p. 231.

V. Volva and ring absent. Pileus covered with glistening
micaceous particles when young, p. 236.

VI. Volva, ring, and veil absent. Flesh very thin, pileus soon
splitting along the lines of the gills, scurfy or glabrous, p. 237.

I. Volva distinct, with a free margin ; ring present
or absent.

* Large ; pileus more than 2 cm. high and wide.

f Stem white.

sterquilinus, Fr. P. 5 — 7 cm. high, coarsely sulcate, silvery grey,
disc tawny with squarrose squamules; g. free; s. 9 — 15 cm. white,
dark when bruised ; volva with free margin, sometimes a ring on
stem; sp. 18—20x11—12.

[solstitialis, Sacc. P. cylindric-ovate, whitish with concentric
over-lapping scales, expanding and blackish, grooved ; g. free ; s.
white, base volvate, ring imperfect.

Smaller than G. sterquilinus, and stem not blackish when
bruised.

oblectus, Bolton. P. 3 — 5 cm. coarsely striate, whitish, glabrous,
then pale tawny and sprinkled with rose-coloured powder ; g. free ;
s. 8 — 12 cm. white ; volva with recurved edge ; sp. 18 x 11 — 12.

Coprinus. 229

f f Stem coloured.

umbrinus, Mass. At first entirely enclosed in a white volva,
which leaves patches on p. P. 4—5 cm. umber, sulcate up to disc ;
g. free ; s. 10 — 15 cm. umber, margin of volva recurved ; sp. 17 — 18
x9.

Differs from C. stenocoleus in sulcate pileus and umber stem.

[stenocoleus, Lindbl. P. 6 — 8 cm. umb. even, blackish with
white squamules ; g. free ; s. 10—15 cm. pale tawny ; margin of volva
free; sp. - .

* * Small ; pileus less than 2 cm. high and wide.
•f* Volva entire.

[cyclodes, Fr. P. T5— 2 cm. high, campan. striate, glabrous,
bay ; g. soon black ; s. 4 — 5 cm. white, rather flexuous ; edge of volva
recurved; sp. - .

[equinus, Chelch. P. ovate then campan. greyish white, disc
darkest, covered with darker scurf or flecks ; g. free ; s. long,
glabrous, base rather swollen, volva with a free edge which some-
times breaks away as a ring ; sp. 5 — 6.

[Trappenii, Oud. P. campan. 1 — 1-5 cm. apex with fragments of
volva, then glabrous ; g. purplish then black ; s. 1 — 1'5 cm. white,
volva entire ; sp. - .

volvaceo-mmimus, Crossl. P. 4 — 5 mm. striate, grey with white
squamules ; g. slightly adnexed ; s. 2 — 2*5 cm. glabrous, hyaline, base
bulbous, volva with broad free edge ; sp. 6 — 7.

Differs from C. Hendersonii in distinct volva and subglobose sp.

C. bulbillosus differs in absence of a margiiiate volva.

f f Volva torn into shreds.

dilectus, Fr. P. 1*5 — 2 cm. very thin, campan., obtuse, finely
striate, rosy white then tawny, furfuraceo-floccose with rosy meal,
at length splitting, revolute and naked ; g. free, sublanceolate,
crowded ; s. 5 — 7 cm. whitish and powdered with rosy meal, base
thickened, volva reduced to squamules ; sp. - .

Differs from C. oblectus in very rudimentary volva, and generally
smaller size.

roseotinctus, Rea. P. 7 — 11 x5 — 7 mm. cylindr. then revolute,
umb. brown with rosy meal ; g. adnexed, broad ; s. up to 5 cm.
bulbous, white, with rosy meal when young; sp. 9—11 x 5 — 6.

Perhaps too closely allied to C. dilectus.

II. Volva absent, ring present on stem.

* Large; Pileus 8 — 15 cm. high.

comatus, Fr. P. cylindr. then campan. 9—15 cm. high, whitish
or tinged ochre, becoming broken up into large reflexed scales ; g.

230 Coprinus.

very slightly adnexed ; s. 12 — 20 cm. white, base bulbous, rooting,
ring loose ; sp. 12—14 x 8—10. Edible.

var. clavatus, Q. P. ovate, g. free white then black, no inter-
mediate pink colour ; s. without a ring.

ovatus, Schaeff. P. 8 — 10 cm. high, ovate then exp. striate, soon
broken up into broad adpressed scales ; g. free ; s. white, base
bulbous, rooting, ring deciduous ; sp. 12 x 8. Edible.

Differs from C. comatus in smaller size, and ovate form when
young.

atramentarius, Fr. P. rather fleshy, 8 — 12 cm. high, ovate
then campan. fluted, edge uneven, silvery grey, apex squauiulose ;
g. free; s. 10 — 16 cm. white, hollow, ring basal, evanescent; sp.
12 x 6. Edible.

sobolifems, Fr. P. thin, ovate then exp. plicate below, disc
truncate, brownish with darker squamules, rest greyish white ; g.
free ; s. 12 — 20 cm. white, stuffed, ring fugacious ; sp. 15 x 7.
Edible.

Differs from C. atramentarius in squainulose truncate disc,
stuffed stem, and larger spores.

[pyrenaeus, Q. P. narrowly ellipt. up to 10 cm. long, striate,
pearl grey, with a dense veil of free white fibrils; g. free; s.
10 — 15 cm. hollow, white, ring basal, fugacious; sp. subgl. 12 — 18.

Differs from C. atramentarius in white veil.

[praegnans, Fr. P. campan. 18 — 20 cm. high, not striate, grey,
crowded with white squamules; g. free, umber from first; s. solid,
fusiform, rooting, squamulose, ring free ; sp. - .

Differs from G. atramentarius in solid s.

* * Small ; pileus never exceeding 3 cm. high.

Hendersonii, Fr. P. subcylindrical then exp. up to 1 cm. apex
tawny rest grey, fluted, minutely pruinose; g. free; s. 3 — i cm.
with a permanent ring below middle ; sp. 10 — 12 x 6.

[bulbillosus, Pat P. 8—10 mm. grey disc yellow, striate,
covered with white meal ; g. grey ; s. 2 — 3 cm. white, base bulbous,
ring loose, median ; sp. 8 — 9 x 6 — 7.

Differs from C. Hendersonii in bulbous stem.

[ephemeroides, Fr. P. campan. plicato-sulcate, whitish, disc
tinged yellow, up to 1 cm. sprinkled with superficial flecks ; g. free ;
s. 2 — 4*cm. whitish, ring free, base with a pilose bulb; sp. 11 — 12
x6— 7.

Differs from C. bulbillosus in squamulose pileus and strigose bulb.

var. muscorum, sp. 7 — 9 x 6 — 8.

[scauroides, Godey. P. ovate then campau. striate, white then
purplish, floccosely squamulose ; g. free ; s. white, with a margiiiate
bulb and ring.

[Bresadolae, Schulz. P. subcylindrical, greyish-white, apex
tinged brown ; g. black, edge white ; s. tapering upwards, white,
glabrous, ring deciduous.

Coprinus. 231

III. Volva and ring absent. Veil practically absent ; p.
either glabrous or with minute innate squamules,
especially near the apex, not splitting along the lines
of the gills.

* Gills attached to the stem.

fuscescens, Fr. P. 4 — 6 cm. ovate then exp. not lobed, disc
fuscous, rest greyish brown, powdered with meal at first ; g. narrow
towards the front ; s. white, hollow, somewhat fibrillose ; sp. 8 — 10
x5— 6.

Differs from C. atramentarius in rufous p. not lobed.

[tergiversans, Fr. P. conical then exp. 6 — 12 cm. rusty brown,
grooved, cracked into squamules ; g. broadly adnate ; s. white, apex
sulcate.

Allied to C. micaceus ; differs in squamulose and not micaceous p.

[Lerchenfeldii, Schulz. P. hemispher. apex elevated, brownish
grey, edge wavy silvery grey then violet; g. violet, shining; s.
fibrillose or squamulose.

** Gills free.

[cylindricus, Fr. P. cylindrical then exp. 8 — 12 cm. across,
rimosely striate, a few adpr. squamules, whitish brown ; g. narrow ;
s. 15 — 21 cm. equal, fibrillose.

[Mayrii, Allesch. P. campan. exp. white, striate, small yellow-
brown squamules near edge, disc sparingly scaly ; g. free ; s. white,
striate, base globose, marginate, hollow to swollen base ; sp. 6 — 7
x3— 4.

Allied to C. atramentarius.

flocculosus, Fr. P. ovate then exp. 4—7 cm. across, dingy white,
striate, squamules innate ; g. narrow ; s. 6 — 10 cm. white, silky,
hollow ; sp. 10 x 7—8.

Differs from C. aratus in white p., and from C. lagopus in
glabrous stem.

squamosus. Morgan. P. 4 — 6 cm. sulcate, grey, with persistent
spreading brown scales; g. free; s. 9 — 14 cm. with brown spreading
scales up to ring ; sp. 9 — 10 x 5.

IV. Volva and ring absent. Veil very evident — at least
in young state — as a felty coating, which breaks up
during expansion of p. into patches ; cottony, squamu-
lose, fibrillose or mealy. Not glistening or micaceous.

* Veil thick and felty, breaking into patches.

f Gills attached to stem.
aphthosus, Fr. P. campan. even, livid, 2—3 cm. white veil at

232 Coprinus.

first continuous then broken into floccose patches ; g. adnate ; s.
5 cm. white, hollow, fibrillose; sp. 15 — 16 x 10.

Differs from G. various in hollow stem.

| phaeosporus, Karst. P. conico-cylindrical then flattened, every-
where delicately striate, at first enclosed in a rufescent veil which
breaks up into patches, soon naked and white ; g. adnexed ; s.
glabrous, white, hollow ; sp. 9— 15 x 4 — 9.

Differs from G. albus by glabrous s.

tf Gills free.

picaceus, Fr. P. campan. glutinous, striate up to disc, blackish
with white patches; g. free; s. 10 — 15 cm. white, hollow, base
swollen; sp. 14x8.

tomentosus, Fr. P. cylindr. then narrowly conical, at length
exp. 2 — 3 cm. ; pallid yellow, covered with a greyish felt which
breaks into scales ; g. free ; s. 5 cm. hollow, greyish, velvety ;
sp. — .

[velatus, Q. P. cylind. then exp. 2 — 3 cm. yellowish, sulcate,
veil white, thin ; g. free but close to s. ; s. 4 — 6 cm. white, villose,
coarsely striate ; sp. 10x5.

[Forquignoni, Mass. (C. Queletii, Forq.). P. conico-campan. veil
thick, ochraceous, then broken up into persistent patches, whitish,
6 — 6 cm. high ; g. remote ; s. white, floccosely fibrillose, ending in a
tawny bulb ; sp. 9 x 6.

[various, Fr. P. white or livid towards the split edge, with
patches of white veil ; g. free ; s. 6 — 9 cm. often incurved, white,
glabrous, solid, tough.

Differs from C. picaceus in white p. and solid s.

* * Veil breaking up into superficial scales, cottony
or fibrillose.

f Gills attached to stem.

§ Pileus white or grey.

niveus, Fr. All pure white. P. 1 — 2%5 cm. campan. floccose;
g. slightly adnexed; s. 5 — 8 cm. hollow, villose; sp. 16 x 11 — 13.

var. astroideus, Fr. P. squamose, naked, grey, 1 cm. ; s. up to
8 cm. slender, glabrous.

[albus, Q. Snow white. P. ovoid then exp. T5 — 2 cm. floccosely
mealy then pearl grey and grooved, with tawny flecks at disc ; g.
adnate, seceding ; s. coarsely striate upwards ; sp. 12—13 long.

[Rostrupianus, Hansen. White. P. thin campan. then exp.
tomentose, squamulose ; g. free, grey then blackish ; s. narrowed
upwards, glabrous above, downy below, base with white tomentum.

Medium sized, allied to C. niveus.

Coprinus. 233

[pilosus, Beck. P. cylindr. apex rounded, white, densely covered
with septate acute white hairs, then exp. and centre almost glabrous
and yellowish, edge slightly striate; s. slender, pubescent, base
floccose ; sp. 9 — 12 x 6 — 7.

exstinctorius, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. across, campan. whitish, apex
tinged brown, at first with evanescent floccose scales; g. reaching
stem; s. 8 — 12 cm. smooth, white, hollow, swollen at base and
rooting ; sp. 10 — 11 x 6 — 7.

Differs from C. fimetarius in pileus becoming bald from disc to
margin.

[roris, Q. P. soon convex and centre depr. pearl grey, trans-
parent, covered at first with a thin tawny-white veil, 1 — 1*5 cm.;
g. adnate; s. 3 — 4 cm. greyish, villosely floccose; sp. 11 — 12 long.

Differs from C. plicatilis in adnate g. and from C. diaplianus in
villose stem.

similis, B. and Br. P. ovate then campan. pallid disc darker,
striate, studded with brown tipped pointed warts, 2'5 cm.; g.
adnate ; s. white, hollow.

[Brunandi, Q. P. campan. 5 — 6 mm. high, very delicate, striate,
greyish lilac, at first with crystalline interwoven filaments; g. adnate
then free ; s. white, floccose, bulbous; sp. 10 long.

Allied to C. lagopus.

§§ Pileus tawny or brownish.

domesticus, Fr. P. campan. obtuse, sulcate, disc even, bay, rest
paler, scurfy-floccose, 4—7 cm. ; g. adnexed; s. 6 — 9 cm. white, silky;
sp. 11—12x7.

[alopecia, Fr. P. 6— 7'5 cm. campan. obtuse, sulcate, pale brown
or ochre, at first with adpr. fibrils ; g. adnexed; s. 9 — 12 cm. densely
scaly, hollow.

[Boudieri, Q. P. 1 — 2 cm. campan. coarsely striate, pale tawny
apex darker, covered with fine white down ; g. adnate ; s. 3 — 4 cm.
white, pruinose and pubescent ; sp. angularly globose, 10—12.

[subcoeruleo-griseus, Schulzer. P. acutely conical then plane,
slightly striate, disc pale yellowish-pink, rest greyish blue, with
minute fugacious scales ; g. adnexed ; s. white, floccosely pruinose,
then glabrous, hollow ; sp. 10 — 13 x 6 — 8.

tf Gills free.
§ Stem glabrous.

nycthemerus, Fr. P. conico-cylindr. then exp. 1'5 — 2 cm.
plicate, ribs forked near edge, mealy then naked, grey, disc tawny; g.
free ; s. 5 — 7 cm. white, glabrous, flaccid, hollow ; sp. —

[gonophyllus, Q. P. I'S cm. hemisph. striate, blackish grey,
shining, veil floccose, whitish, soon disappearing ; g. free, triangular,
edge serrate; s. 3 cm. glabrous, slightly striate, white; sp. 10 x 4.

234 Coprinus.

Spraguei, B. and Curt. P. conical then canipan. T5 — 2 cm.
tomentose, striate, greyish, disc tawny ; g. few, distant ; s. 3 — 5 cm.
pale reddish ochre ; sp. 10x5.

Spegazzinii, Karst. P. cylindr. or oval, then exp. and splitting
up to disc, greyish, soon naked and grooved ; g. free; s. white, hollow,
thickened below and rooting ; sp. 9 — 14 x 5 — 6.

platypus, B. and Cke. P. white then yellowish, flocculose,
4 — 5 mm. ; g. free ; s. 1*5 — 3 cm. base discoid ; sp. 8 x 6.

§§ Stem floccose or pulverulent at first.

narcoticus, Fr. Foetid. P. cylindric-clavate then exp. T5 — 2 cm.
hyaline, striate, at first with white floccose squamules ; g. free;
s. 4 — 5 cm. white, downy at first, hollow ; sp. 1 1 x 5 — 6.

(muralis, Allesch. Smell strong, ammoniacal. P. cylindr. then
campan. white then grey, covered with white floccose squamules;
g. free, narrow; s. equal, hollow, floccosely scaly then glabrous, white,
shining, base densely fibrous ; sp. subg. 6.

lagopus, Fr. P. cylindr. then campan. coarsely striate up to
brown disc, at Hrst with white flocci ; g. free ; s. 10 — 15 cm. every-
where with white floccose dowu ; sp. 14 — 16 x 10 — 12.

Differs from C. narcoticus in absence of smell. C. lagopoides
differs in tomentum breaking up into scales, and g. very distant
from stem.

[lagopoides, Karst. P. campan. sulcate, disc livid, with free
white scales, 4 — 1 cm. ; g. distant from stem ; s. up to 17 cm. white,
floccose ; sp. 6 — 8 x 5 — 6.

macrocephalus, B. P. cylindr. then campan. striate, ashy grey,
disc brownish, sprinkled with pointed scales, 2 cm. ; g. free ; s.
3 — 5 cm. dingy white, fibrillose below; sp. 11 — 13 x 7 — 8.

Differs from C. lagopus in dark grey p.

[tigrinellus, Boud. P. elliptic-oblong then campan. striate, snow-
white edge becoming rosy, pulverulent, with tawny flecks ; g. free j
s. 2 cm. white, base rather bulbous and often with blackish flecks ;
sp. 11x7.

Differs from C. Friesii in being at first covered with brown
tomentum which breaks up into flecks.

[Friesii, Q. P. elliptic-oblong then exp. 1 — 2 cm. finely striate,
white apex tinged yellow, edge rosy; g. free, reddish then black; s.
2 cm. white, pulverulent, base swollen and floccose ; sp. angularly
glob. 10.

Differs from G. tigrinellus in not having a brown veil.

[cupulatus, B. Jacob. P. subcampan. greyish yellow, with
a floccose greyish white veil then pubescent, sulcate, 4—5 mm. ; g.
free ; s. 5 — 7 cm. white, downy, striate, base swollen ; sp. 7—8
x6— 7.

Coprinus. 235

fimetarius, Fr. P. 2— 2'5 cm. clavate then conico-exp. soon
splitting, disc even brownish, at first covered with squarrose floccose
scales, then naked; g. free; s. 10 — 15 cm. white, squamulose, base
solid; sp. 12—14x7—8.

var. pullatus, Fr. P. with adpressed squamules, soon naked, dark ;
s. soon smooth.

var. cinereus, Fr. P. floccosely mealy then naked, grey; s. rootless,
hollow to base.

var. macrorhiza, Fr. P. at first with feathery squamules; s.
short, rooting.

[Queletii, Schulzer. P. ellipsoid-conical then exp. deeply sulcate,
whitish, apex glabrous tinged cinnamon, with fugacious flecks; g.
free; s. white, flocculose then glabrous, ventricose below, rooting with
long brown fibres ; sp. 10 — 12 x 4 — 6.

[laxus, Bres. and Schulz. P. subglobose, grey, disc yellowish
cinnamon, granularly floccose ; g. free ; s. white, tinged brown at
base, with white flecks, bending over as it dries ; sp. 6 — 8 x 4 — 5.

[Albertinii, Karst. P. campan. sulcate, greyish-white, disc
brownish, with fine network of fibrils; g. free; s. white, silky- floccose;
sp. 10 — 12 x 6.

[Strossmayeri, Schulzer. P. digitaliform, then conico-campan.
whitish then grey, apex darker, finally pale ochre, with deciduous
squarrose scales ; g. free ; s. white, pruinose, springing from a com-
pact, brandling blackish-brown mycelium ; sp. 7—9 long.

* * * Veil formed of white meal, or hyaline vesicles.
Not glistening or micaceous.

tuberosus, Q. P. campan. 3—5 mm. finely striate, white then
greyish, veil of hyaline vesicles ; g. blackish violet ; s. 2 — 4 cm.
slender, wavy, white, downy, springing from a small black sclerotium ;
sp. 12 long.

Smaller than C. niverts, and springing from a sclerotium.

[cineratus, Q. P. campan. 1 — 2 cm. striate, white then greyish
violet, veil of dusky hyaline vesicles ; g. free, close to stein ; s.
4 — 6 cm. white, base rather swollen and sheathed by remains of
a volva ; sp. 10x5.

filiformis, B. and Br. P. 1 — 2 mm. cylindrical, striate, grey,
mealy; g. linear; s. 1 — 1*5 cm. slender, hyaline, sprinkled with hairs;
sp. subg. 5x4.

[luxoviensis, Mont. P. ovoid then campan. striate, mealy then
naked and grey, disc tawny; g. distant; s. with spreading fibrils,
soon naked, white, springing from a spreading mycelium ; sp. —

[caducus, Harz. P. oval then cylindrical, striate, grey then
blackish brown, at first densely covered with white meal which
becomes grey; g. from a collar; s. greyish brown above, whitish
below; sp. 9 — 10x6 — 7.

236 Coprinus.

[Britzelmayri, Sacc. and Cub. ( = C. macrosporus, Brit.) P. and
s. covered with snow-white meal; g. adnexed; s. tall ; sp. 20 x 10 — 12.

[albulus, Q. P. almost hemispherical, 5 mm. pellucid, striate,
pulverulent ; g. arcuately adnate ; s. 2 cm. filiform, pulverulent, lower
half with white flecks ; sp. 13 long.

[divergent, Brit. P. parabolic, brownish then dark grey, deeply
striate; g. blackish-grey; s. pellucid, whitish ; sp. 10 — 11 x6 — 7.

Intermediate between C. tomentosus and G. niveus.

V. Volva and ring absent. Pileus covered with
glistening particles when young.

micaceus, Fr. P. 3 — 6 cm. oval then canipan. glistening then
naked, sulcate, tawny ochre ; g. adnexed ; s. 5 — 8 cm. white, silky,
hollow.

[marcescens, Karst. P. campan. sulcate, whitish at first, soon
dingy ochre, then pale sooty grey, disc brownish yellow, micaceous ;
g. adnexed ; s. white, silky ; sp. 6 — 9 x 4—6.

Differs from C. micaceus in p. becoming sooty grey.

aratus, B. P. 5 — 8 cm. narrowly elliptical then campan.-umber,
grooved up to disc; g. slightly adnexed; s. 10 — 15 cm. snow-white,
silky, hollow; sp. 15 x 10—11.

stercorarius, Fr. P. 2'5 — 3 cm. ovate then catnpan. edge striate,
densely covered with white glistening meal ; g. adnexed; s. 7 — 12cm.
white, hollow, minutely mealy at first ; sp. 14 — 15 x 8.

C. niveus differs in tomentose p., and C. albus in sulcate p.

radians, Fr. P. ovate then campan. 2*5 — 5 cm. edge striate,
disc granuloso-squamulose, tawny ochre then pale, glistening ; g.
slightly adnexed; s. 3 — 5 cm. white, smooth, base with dense radiating
strands of mycelium ; sp. 7 x 4.

truncorum, Fr. P. globose at first then campan. glistening then
naked, tawny ochre, striate, 2 — 4 cm. ; g. free, rosy then black ; s.
7 — 10 cm. slender, white, glabrous, hollow ; sp. 12 — 14 x 6.

Differs from C. micaceus in. p. being globose at first, and riot
sulcate, and in free, rosy g.

[inamoenus, Karst. Foetid. P. subcylindrical then exp. blackish
with white micaceous scurf; g. fixed to a remote collar; s. hyaline,
at first downy, often rather wavy, several stems springing at intervals
from a prostrate mycelium ; sp. 7— 11 x 4 — 6.

[intermedius, Peuzig. P. campan. pallid, even, with dense
reddish micaceous scurf near apex ; g. free ; s. glabrous, tinged pink ;
sp. 7-5—9 x 5.

[frustulosum, Sacc. P. campan. rather acute, even, covered
with reddish micaceous meal; g. free; s. conical then cylindrical,
white ; sp. 8 x 6.

Coprimts. 237

VI. Volva, ring, and veil absent ; flesh very thin, pileus
soon splitting along the lines of the gills, scurfy or
glabrous.

* Pileus more or less scurfy.

f Gills attached to stem.

§ Pileus white.

[conditus, Godey. P. globose then ovoid, striate, sometimes
tinged yellow; g. adnate; s. 20 — 25 mm. shining, scurfy; sp. — .

[stellaris, Q. P. ovoid then campan. 1 — 2 mm. striate, snow-
white then greyish, crowned with pellucid vesicles ; g. adnate ; s.
1 — 2 cm. long, filiform, hyaline, velvety ; sp. 8 long.

§§ Pileus coloured.

[coopertus, Fr. P. conico-campan. 2'5 cm. striate, lurid, densely
micaceous, yellowish grey when dry; g. adnate, broad ; s. 3 — 5 cm.
pallid, apex with white flecks ; sp. —

[pseudo-plicatilis, Vogl. P. campan. umb. soon exp. and sulcate,
yellowish grey, umbo yellowish, scurfy ; g. adnate ; s. white, woolly,
thickened and floccose below ; sp. 6 — 8 x 3.

velox, Godey. P. obovate, striate then grooved, scurfy between
the ribs, disc also greyish and scurfy, 3 — 4 mm. ; g. close to stem ;
s. 1'5 — 3 cm. with white floccose down ; sp. —

ephemeras, Fr. P. very delicate, ovate then campan. sulcate,
slightly scurfy, disc elevated, even, rufescent, 1 — 2 cm. ; g. slightly
adnexed; s. 3 — 6 cm. glabrous, whitish, pellucid ; sp. 16 — 17 x9 — 10.

[mycenopsis, Karst. P. campan. then exp. sulcate, sooty-grey,
livid disc prominent, scurfy, soon naked ; g. aduate ; s. tall, glabrous,
white, striate upwards ; sp. 7 — 8 x 4.

ff Gills free.
§ Stem fibrillose or downy.

cothurnatus, Godey. P. conico-campan. then exp. and umb.
densely scurfy, whitish, yellowish or reddish, 2 — 3 cm. ; g. free ; s.
3 — 5 cm. white, squamulose below; sp. —

[evanidus, Godey. P. obovate then campan. striate, whitish,
rather scurfy, disc prominent, tinged brown ; 3 — 4 mm. ; g. free,
distant; s. 1 '5—2-5, pellucid, white, downy; sp. —

§§ Stem glabrous.

sociatus, Fr. P. ovate then campan. plicate, subsquamulose or
scurfy, disc umber and becoming depr. 2 cm. ; g. narrowed behind,

238 Coprinus.

attached to a collar; s. 4 — 5 cm. white, glabrous, not pellucid;
sp. — .

Gills much nearer s. thau in C. plicatilis, much narrowed behind,
black.

[sulcato-crenatus, Steinh. P. cylindrical then campan. soon
plane, sulcato-crenate, almost glabrous, yellow, disc brown, even,
becoming depr.; g. remote from stem, distant; s. yellow, apex brown;
sp. obtusely triangular, compressed.

Differs from C. plicatilis in yellow p. and s.

[Patouillardii, Q. P. conico-campan. then plane, coarsely striate
up to disc, grey, disc rough with minute reddish granules; g. attached
to collar distant from s. ; s. 4—7 cm. white, glabrous, fragile ; sp.
angularly globose, 6 — 8.

Differs from C. nycthemerus in white s. ; and from C. velaris in
rough disc.

papillatus, Fr. P. elliptical then campan. becoming plane and
upturned ; disc prominent and rough with minute warts, dark,
striate, covered with greyish scurf, '5—1 cm.; g. free; s. 2'5 cm.
white, hyaline, hollow; sp. 15 x 7.

[affinis, Karst. P. conico-cylindr. then exp. greyish white, disc
pale rufous, plicate, scurfy; g. free; s. flaccid, glabrous, pallid; sp.
6—8 x 5—7.

radiatus, Fr. P. cylindrical, soon plane and splitting, yellowish,
disc darker, then whitish, minutely pilose when young; g. almost
free ; s. 1 — 3 cm. hyaline, pilose ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5.

Gibbsii, Mass, and CrossL Very minute, p. 0'5 mm. hemispher.
then exp. striate, glabrous, pale ochre ; g. adnate, few ; s. 4 — 7 mm.
white, glabrous ; sp. subcircular, compressed, 8 — 9 diarn. ; cystidia
piriform.

[lanatus, Boud. P. soon campan. plicately striate, greyish rufous
disc darker ; g. free ; s. glabrous, white, slightly bulbous.

** Pileus glabrous.

•f* Gills attached to stem.

§ Stem downy or pulverulent.

tardus, Karst. P. ovoid then campan. 2'5 — 5 cm. coarsely striate,
bay then ochre, glabrous; g. adnate; s. 6 — 10 cm. white, slightly
flexuous, equal ; sp. angularly ellipt. 12—18 x 7 — 9.

Differs from C. deliquescens in smooth disc and adnate g.

[Gilletii, Jacobasch ( = Cop. intermedius Gill.) P. ovato-campan.
grey, disc yellow, pulverulent then glabrous, edge striate ; g. ovato-
elongate, blackish ; s. slender, glabrous, hollow, with a membranaceous,
distant, fixed erect ring.

[attenuatus, GilL P. conico-campan. even, glabrous, edge sulcate,
upturned when dry, apex yellowish ; g. broad, ventricose, reddish-
brown ; s. long, slender, hollow, narrowed towards base.

Coprinus. 239

§§ Stem glabrous.

[auricomus, Pat P. elliptic-oblong then campan. finely striate,
pale greyish red disc darker, glabrous, 1'5— 2 cm. ; g. adnate ; s.
5 — 8 cm. white, glabrous ; sp. —

Young plant enveloped in a golden yellow weft ( = Ozonium).

congregatus, Fr. P. cylindrical then campan. edge slightly
striate, glabrous, viscid, ochre, 1'5 — 2 cm.; g. slightly adnexed; s.
2 — 3 cm. smooth, hollow, white ; sp. —

alternatus, Fr. P. hemisph. then discoid, even, glabrous, chalk-
white disc pale umber, 3 cm. ; g. adnate; s. whitish, hollow, 7 — 10 cm. ;
sp. 10 x 6—7.

digitalis, Fr. P. ovate then campan. whitish disc darker, glabrous,
striate up to disc, 2'5 cm. ; g. slightly adnexed ; s. 3 — 5 cm. whitish,
equal ; sp. —

When mature the p. is sometimes livid olive or yellowish grey,
and g. appear to be adnate.

[diapnanus, Q. Every part translucent and glabrous. P. grooved,
edge crenulate, silvery with a central tawny spot, 5 — 7 mm. ; g.
adnate ; s. capillary, glabrous, 2 — 3 cm. ; sp. 12 long.

Differs from C. plicatilis in adnate g.

[sceptrum, Fr. P. campan. papillately umb. deeply sulcate,
pellucid, tinged grey ; g. adnate to a collar ; s. pellucid.

erythrocephalus, Fr. P. cylindrical then campan. reddish vermi-
lion becoming grey, silky, edge very finely striate, 1 cm. ; g. slightly
adnexed ; s. 2 — 3 cm. paler than p.

j- f Gills free, sometimes attached to a collar.
§ Stem downy or pulverulent.

[Gpdeyi, Gillet. P. subglobose, distantly grooved, glabrous,
pellucid, disc ochre, grey between the ribs, 3 — 4 mm. ; g. free ; s.

2 cm. pellucid, sprinkled with white flecks below.

[semistriatus, Pat. P. ovate then campan. glabrous, disc even,
yellowish, striate and grey up to disc, 1 cm. ; g. attached to a collar ;
s. 1 — 2 cm. white, pruinose ; sp. subcircular, compressed, 12 — 14 broad,

3 thick.

§§ Stem glabrous.

plicatilis, Fr. P. thin, cylindric ovate then plane, glabrous,
coarsely grooved, pale brown then greyish, disc broad, even, at length
depr. darker, 1 — 2 cm. ; g. attached to a distant collar ; s. 5 — 8 cm.
white, smooth, hollow; sp. 11 — 13 x 8 — 9.

deliquescens, Fr. P. ovate then campan. at length exp. livid
grey, disc rufescent, papillose, otherwise glabrous, 3 — 7 cm. ; g. free ;
s. 7 — 10 cm. white, glabrous, hollow ; sp. 8 x 5.

Differs from C. atramentarius in free gills.

240 Coprinus — Montagnites.

[miser, Karst P. subglobose then exp. pellucid, tinged grey,
plicate, glabrous ; g. distant from stem, few in number ; s. hyaline,
glabrous ; sp. 7 — 9 x 6—8.

eburneus, Q. Entirely white, shining; elliptic-campan. firm,
striate, rarely with a few flecks, 3 — 4 cm. ; g. free ; s. firm, glabrous ;
sp. 14 long.

hemerobius, Fr. P. ovate then campan. 1'5 — 2*5 cm. coarsely
grooved, disc even, bay, not depr. ; g. attached to an imperfect collar ;
s. 5—8 cm. fragile, pallid; sp. 10 — 12 x 7.

Differs from C. velaris in imperfect collar, and from C. plicatilis
in disc not being depressed.

Jrapidus, Fr. P. cylindrical then plane, coarsely grooved, pale
, glabrous, often slightly wavy, 1 '5— 2'5 cm. ; g. free, close to
stem, brown ; s. 4 — 5 cm. white, glabrous.

[phyllophilus, Karst. P. campan. then exp. glabrous, sulcate,
dingy ochre becoming sooty ; g. close to stem ; s. pellucid, pruinose
then naked ; sp. angularly ovate, 7 — 8 x 5.

[velaris, Fr. P. 2'5 cm. at first globose, then hemisph. coarsely
striate, lurid, disc brownish, not depr. ; g. black, edge white ; s.
5 — 7 cm. pellucid, base downy ; sp. 7 — 8 x 5.

[pellucidus, Karst. P. obovate then hemispher. obtuse, sulcate,
glabrous, whitish or yellowish then hyaline and greyish with a darker
central spot ; g. crowded ; s. wavy, glabrous, pellucid ; sp. 7 — 9 x 4.

Schroteri, Karst. P. elliptical then exp. sulcate, glabrous,
dingy ochre then pale, at length sooty-grey; g. brown; s. slightly
pulverulent at first, slightly striate upwards ; sp. angularly globose,
13—15 x 8—12.

var. proximellus, Massee ( = C. proximellus, Karst.) Spores
elliptical, 10 — 13 x 5 — 7, otherwise as type.

MONTAGNITES, Fr.

[Candollei, Fr. P. 3 — 5 cm. ; g. narrowed behind, broad, dark
grey then blackish ; s. elongated fibroso-striate, hollow, tawny, volva
fleshy, persistent

[Pallassii, Fr. P. thin, plane; g. smooth, black; s. very long
rooting, volva absent; sp. 12 + 4.

ADDENDA.

Species accidentally omitted, or published during the
progress of this work.

Lepiota Bresadolae, Schulz. ( = L. cupreus, Schulz.). P. 4—8 cm.
umb. subcylindrical then broadly campan. at first glabrous and
entirely coppery, then broken up into broad, fibrillose subimbricate
scales; g. remote, narrowed at both ends, crowded, white then
pallid ; s. clavate at base which is coppery, pale above, ring white
then coppery ; sp. 6 — 9 long.

(Next L. mastoidea, p. 8.)

Lepiota minuta, Vogl. P. 6—8 mm. slightly fleshy, even, cam-
panulate then exp. brick-red, viscid ; g. free, white, densely crowded ;
s. equal, even, dry, brownish, with a very narrow ring; sp. globose,
2—3.

(Near Lepiota delicata, p. 14.)

SCHULZERIA, Bresad.

Flesh of stem distinct from that of pileus; gills free and remote
from the stem; spores hyaline; ring and volva absent.

This genus follows Lepiota^ from which it differs in the absence
of a ring.

Schulzeria squamigera, Schulz. and Bres. P. about 2 cm.
rather fleshy, convex then exp. dry, umber at first then whitish,
surface broken up into fibrous brownish-umber scales; g. crowded,
subventricose, white, free, somewhat remote from stem, 3 mm. broad ;
s. equal, whitish, with lax umber scales which soon disappear ; flesh
white, compact ; sp. 5 — 8 x 4.

Schulzeria rimulosa, Schulz. and Bres. P. 8 — 10 cm. fleshy,
hemispher. then exp. rather irreg. even, glabrous, dry, lurid white,
epidermis falling away then becoming areolately cracked ; g. rather
distant, 9 — 15 mm. broad, white then straw-colour, rounded at both
ends, sometimes subsinuate behind, free, remote; s. equal, sub-
excentric, glabrous, colour of p. ; sp. 5 — 6 x 3.

Schulzeria septentrionalis, Karst. P. about 10 cm. fleshy, soft,
convex then exp. subumb. even, glabrous, dry, whitish; g. free,
remote, broad, whitish, somewhat crowded; s. central, equal, base
slightly bulbous, distinct from flesh of p. glabrous, whitish.

Tricholoma Czarnii, Roum. (=Ag. prasinus, Lasch. in part).
P. 6 — 8 cm. very fleshy, convex then convex-plane, rather viscid,
yellowish, disc darker, glabrous, edge slightly fibrillose ; g. crowded,

M. F. 16

242 Addenda.

arcuate, broad, emarginate, pallid, rosy in section ; s. solid, straight,
clavate, slightly striate, colour of p., not longer than thick ; sp. — .

Allied to T. coryphaeum, differing in general aspect of p.,
g. never yellow-edged, less viscid, and no smell.

(Next T. coryphaeum, p. 17.)

Tricholoma Bresadolae, Schulz. Taste very acrid. P. 9 — 12 cm'.
entirely fleshy, irreg. edge sinuous, sometimes depressed at the centre,
rather viscid when young, then dry, even, edge sometimes tuberculoso-
sulcate, umber; g. distant, very thick, rounded in front, narrowed
behind but not decur., 1 cm. and more broad, whitish ; s. cylindrical,
obconic or cuspidate towards base, whitish, sometimes tinged umber,
glabrous; sp. 9 — 10x5.

(Next to T. spermaticum, p. 18.)

Tricholoma fallaciosum, Quel. and Schulz. ( = Ag. platyr hizus,
Schulz.) P. 4 — 5 cm. irreg. subglobose; vertex elevated but not
uuib. fleshy, brown, at first very dark then paler at edge, not shining,
glabrous, even ; g. partly free, rounded behind and cuspidate in front,
brownish then pale, edge clear cinnamon ; s. somewhat conoid, base
pale sulphur yellow with copious strands and plates of white my-
celium, central portion pale cinnamon, apex white and pulverulent ;
sp. 4 — 5 long.

(Next T. scalpturatum, p. 20.)

Tricholoma Gauteraudii, Roum. P. 3 — 6 cm. convex then
plane, mammillate, centre pale yellowish, somewhat silky, rest gla-
brous, even, dry, whitish ; g. broad, emarginate, whitish ; s. white,
base yellowish, solid, equal ; flesh white, insipid and inodorous.

(Next T. inamoenum, p. 23.)

Clitocybe subviscifera, Karst. P. 3 — 4 cm. thin, convex then
plane, sometimes becoming depr. orbicular or somewhat wavy, even,
glabrous, viscid, whitish, disc usually become stained with rufous,
then discoloured ; g. deeply decur. distant, branched or connected by
veins, pallid white ; s. hollow, equal, flocculosely-scurfy, pallid ; sp.
6—8 x 3—4.

(Next to C. pithyophila, p. 82.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) centrifugus, Fr. P. plano-depr. glabrous,
viscid, discoid, yellowish brown-violet then yellow, margin verdigris
green ; g. emarginate, rather crowded, crenulate, pinkish violet then
cinnamon ; s. solid, stout, clavato-bulbous, almost glabrous, white ;
flesh white ; sp. — .

(Follows C. Riederi, p. 178.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) latus, Fr. P. 7 — 12 cm. exp. almost gla-
brous, moist, scarcely viscid, tan, disc darker; g. emarginate, sub-
entire, crowded, clay-colour cinnamon ; s. solid, fibrillose, pallid
white, apex flocculose, cortiua forming a superior persistent annulus,
bulbous then subequal ; flesh white ; sp. — .

(Next C. percomis, p. 179.)

Addenda. 243

Cortinarius (Phleg.) subtortus, Fr. P. 3—8 cm. convex, exp.
obtuse, soft, glabrous, not striate, viscid, tan then pale, becoming
rugulose; g. rounded, adnate, connected by veins, very broad, rather
distant, greyish olive; s. unequal, rather twisted, becoming pale,
apex partly hollow, scarcely tinged blue ; sp. -

(Before C. anfractus, p. 179.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) jasmineus, Fr. P. exp. gibbous, wavy,
lacunose, rugose, viscid, dingy olive, disc at first fuscous then yellowish,
opaque; flesh yellowish ochre; g. subadnate, very broad, rather
crowded, pallid olive; s. stuffed, subequal, bluish, violet punctate,
apex white ; sp. - .

(Next C. anfractus, p. 179.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) elotus, Fr. Acrid. P. subpulvinate, un-
equal, glabrous, slightly viscid, sooty then tawny tan, edge darker
and at length striate ; g. emarginate, rather distant, pallid then olive
tan; s. short, fibrillose, pallid, marginate bulb obsolete; sp. —

(Next C. talus, p. 180.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) arquatus, Fr. P. equal, even, very glabrous,
viscid, discoid, disc bay, edge yellowish, polished and shining when
dry ; g. subadnate, crowded, purplish then cinnamon ; s. solid, pallid,
except the obconic marginate bulb, apex tinged blue inside and out;
sp. - - .

(Next C. purpurascens, p. 180.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) causticus, Fr. Smell strong. P. convexo-
plane, obtuse, glabrous, punctate, hygrophanous, very viscid, tawny
when moist, then pale; g. ventricoso-emarginate, scarcely crowded,
broad, whitish yellow; s. firm, elastic, glabrous, shining white;
sp. - .

(Next C. emollitius, p. 182.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) vespertinus, Fr. P. convexo-plane, soft,
glabrous, obsoletely viscid, subrugose, yellow, sometimes pale ; g.
emarginate, very broad, crowded, tawny cinnamon, transversely
veined, edge whitish; s. solid, elongated, rather slender, fibrillose,
shining white, base thickened; sp. — .

(Next C. intentus, p. 183.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) liratus, Fr. P. 5—6 cm. thin, convexo-
plane, very glabrous, hygrophanous, viscid, radiately lacunose near the
edge, honey-colour then somewhat ochre; g. emarginate, crowded,
pale rusty; s. filled with pith limited by a dark horny line, equal,
fibrillose, yellowish, base thickened ; sp. - .

(Before C. intentus, p. 183.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) amurceus, Fr. P. convexo-plane, squamu-
losely papillose, viscid, sometimes gibbous, honey-tan; g. entirely
adnate, distant, yellowish olive ; s. solid, pallid, somewhat attenuated ;
sp. — .

(Next C. olivascens, p. 183.)

Coprinus purpureophyllus, Jacobasch. P. 1 — 2*5 cm. conico-

16—2

244 Addenda.

campan. torn, diaphanous, pale greyish-yellow, sulcate up to apex,
covered with grey squamules which soon .disappear ; g. white then
intense purplish violet, finally blackish, linear, ascending, crowded,
adnexeii, deliquescent; s. white, silky, generally curved, narrowed
upwards from the subbulbous strigose base, apex white-mealy,
remainder glabrous, fragile; sp. 7'5 — 8*5 x 5'5.

Growing on birch branches.

(Next to Coprinus roris, p. 233.)

CORRECTIONS.

Armillaria focalis, Fr. (p. 14), should be placed in the genus
Lepiota, following L. naucina, Fr., p. 11.

Cortinarius subsimilis, Fr. (p. 183), should be placed under the
section "Gills olive or smoky" p. 183.

Cortinarius Karstenii, Sacc. and Syd. This name should re-
place Cort. olivascens, Karsten, p. 191. There is an earlier Cort.
olwascens, Fries, p. 183.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

The following short list of comparatively recent works indicates
where more detailed descriptions and illustrations of European
Agarics may be consulted.

GENERAL WORKS, CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF THE
AGARICS OF MORE THAN ONE COUNTRY.

Hymenomycetes Europaei, sive Epicriseos Systematis Mycologici ;
Elias Fries. Ed. n. Upsala, 1876.

(Although not of recent date, this work cannot be omitted, inas-
much as it embodies the experience of over fifty years of continuous
observation on the part of the author, and is the sheet-anchor of the
present generation of mycologists. Written in Latin.)

Sylloge Fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum ; P. A. Saccardo.
Vol. v. Padua, 1887.

(Contains descriptions of all European Agarics up to date of
publication. Later discoveries are contained in various supplements.
Written in Latin.)

Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandinaviska halfons Hattsvampar ;
P. A. Karsten. Helsingfors, 1879.

(Descriptions of Russian, Finnish and Scandinavian Agarics, in
Swedish. It is in this work where Fries' subgenera, as Amanita, etc.
are first raised to specific rank. Written in Swedish.)

Die Pilze Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz; Georg
Winter. Leipzig, 1884.

(This forms the first volume of Rabenhorst's ' Kryptogamen-Flora
von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz,' and contains along
with other fungi, descriptions of the Agarics of Germany, Austria
and Switzerland, in German.)

Flore Mycologique de la France et des Pays limitrophes ; Lucien
Quelet. Paris, 1888.

(This is undoubtedly the best and latest work containing detailed
descriptions of the Basidiomycetes of Central and Western Europe.
The systematic arrangement is new and somewhat perplexing, and
the index is a terror. Written in French.)

GREAT BRITAIN.

Illustrations of British Fungi; M. C. Cooke. London, 1881-1891.

(This is by far the most important, and at the same time the most
comprehensive series of coloured figures of Agarics ever published in
any country, including 1199 plates.)

246 Bibliography.

Handbook of British Fungi ; M. C. Cooke. London, 1883.

(This work is a second edition of Cooke's ' Handbook of British
Fungi,' London, 1871, and contains descriptions of all the figures
given in the ' Illustrations of British Fungi.'

British Fungus-Flora; Geo. Massee. 4 vols. London, 1892-1895.

(The first three volumes include all the British Agarics up to
date of publication. In addition to a diagnosis of each species, critical
notes by Fries, Berkeley, Cooke and other mycologists are ap-
pended.)

FRANCE.

Les Hymenomycetes, ou description de tous les Champignons
(Fungi) qui croissent en France; C. C. Gillet. Alenc,on, 1874-1902.

(Contains descriptions of all known French Hymenomycetes,
illustrated by 1907 coloured plates, 8vo. In French.)

Figures peintes de Champignons de la France; L. Lucand, 1884-
1889.

(A series of beautifully executed figures, mostly Agarics, on 425
plates 4to size. The number of copies was in the first instance very
limited, and prepared only for subscribers. No descriptive text ;
names and synonyms given on the plates.)

GERMANY.

Die Pilze Schlesiens; J. Schroeter. Breslau, 1889.

(This work constitutes Vol. in. part i. of (John's Kryptogamen-
Flora von Schlesien, and contains full descriptions of all Agarics
indigenous to Silesia. In German.)

SWEDEN.

Icones selectae Hymenomycetum nondum delineatorum ; Elias
Fries. Stockholm, 1867.

(An indispensable work to the student of the Agaricaceae, con-
taining descriptions and coloured figures of numerous species on 200
4to. plates. Written in Latin.)

AUSTRIA.

Fungi Tridentini novi, vel nondum delineati, descripti, et iconibus
illustrati; J. Bresadola. Tridenti, 1881-

(This work contains very full descriptions of new or critical
species, mostly Agarics, which are illustrated in colour on 217 plates,
8vo. Written in Latin. This work appears in parts at irregular
intervals, and is still going on.) -

Bibliography. 247

ITALY.

Flore Mycologique Illustree. Les Champignons des Alpes-
Maritimes; J. B. Barla. Nice, 1888-1892.

(An excellent work, 4to size, containing coloured illustrations of
new, rare, or critical Agarics on 64 plates. In French.)

HOLLAND.

Revision des Champignons tant supeVieurs qu'inferieurs trouves
jusqu'a ce jour dans les Pays-Bas; C. A. J. A. Oudemans. Am-
sterdam, 1893.

(Vol. i. of this work contains descriptions and valuable original
comments of all the Hymenomycetes, Gasteromycetes, and Hypb-
dermei met with in Holland. Written in French.)

INDEX.

abhorrens (Omp.) 95
abietina (Lenz.) 116
abjecta (Ino.) 150
abrupta (Flam.) 173
abstrusa (Nau.) 163
acerbum (Trich.) 26
acerinus (Pleu.) 101
acerosus (Pleu.) 103
acervata (Col.) 53
acetabulosa (Loc.) 141
acicula (Myc.) 44
acris (Lac.) 63
actinophorus (Mar.) 61
acuminatus (Paneo.) 218
acutesquamosa (Lepi.) 9
acutus (Cort.) 200
acuus (Ecc.) 137
adhaerens (Lent.) 112
adiposa (Phol.) 144
adnata (Amtop.) 7
adonis (Myc.) 39
adsentiens (Cli.) 82
adunata (Cli.) 84
adusta (Bus.) 32
aegerita (Phol.) 143
aelopodium (Hyp.) 213
aemulans (Lep.) 134
aerina (Col.) 48
aeruginea (Rus.) 33
aeruginosa (Stro.) 208
aestuans (Trich.) 19
aethiops (Lep.) 132
aetites (Myc.) 43
affinis (Bolb.) 147
affinis (Copr.) 238
affricata (Omp.) 93
Agaricus 204
agathosmus (Hyg.) 73
Aghardhii (Flam.) 176

aggregata (Cli.) 83
agraria (Bil.) 225
albellum (Trich.) 24
Albertinii (Copr.) 235
Albertinii (Pleu.) 98
albida (Lenz.) 116
albidus (Can.) 107
albidus (Hyg.) 74
albidopallens (Omp.) 95
albipes (Ino.) 153
albobrunneum (Trich.) 18
albocyanea (Stro.) 209
albocyaneus (Cort.) 189
albofimbriatum (Trich.) 19
albonitens (Stro.) 210
albosericea (Arm.) 15
alboviolaceus (Cort.) 186
albula (Omp.) 92
albulus (Copr.) 236
album (Trich.) 25
albus (Copr.) 232
albus (Hyg.) 78
alcalina (Myc.) 42
Aldridgei (Flam.) 172
aleuriatus (Pluteo.) 147
Alexandri (Loc.) 141
Alexandri (Pax.) 139
algeriensis (Pilo.) 208
algidus (Pleu.) 104
alliaceus (Mar.) 60
allutus (Cort.) 180
almeni (Pleu.) 102
alnicola (Flam.) 174
alopecia (Copr.) 233
alpinus (Cort.) 183
alternatus (Copr.) 239
alumna (Col.) 50
alutacea (Cli.) 81
alutacea (Ann.) 120

Index.

249

alutacea (Bus.) 29
alutaceorubens (Hyg.) 74
alutipes (Cort.) 183
alveolus (Crep.) 201
amadelphus (Mar.) 59
Amanita 3
Amanitopsis 6
amara (Cli.) 81
amarella (Cli.) 81
amarescens (Nau.) 164
ambigua (Cli.) 87
ambiguus (Pleu.) 101
Ambrosii (Arm.) 15
ambusta (Col.) 55
ameides (Ent.) 125
amethystinum (Trich.) 24
amethystinus (Agar.) 207
amethystinus (Can.) 106
amianthina (Lepi.) 13
amici (Aman.) 5
amicta (Myc.) 43
amicus (Trich.) 25
ammoniaca (Myc.) 42
ammophila (Psil.) 226
ammophilus (Agar.) 205
amoena (Nau.) 165
ampelina (Psath'lla) 219
ampla (Cli.) 83
amurceus (Cort.) 243
anapacta (Cli.) 83
anatina (Lep.) 131
androsaceus (Mar.) 61
Anellaria 212
anfractus (Cort.) 179
anguinea (Nau.) 163
angulatus (Mar.) 59
angulosus (Cort.) 198
angustissima (Cli.) 90
angustus (Agar.) 204
angustus (Clitop.) 135
anisatus (Lent.) 112
Annularia 120
anomalus (Cort.) 189
anthracinus (Cort.) 189
anthrocophila (Tub.) 171
antipoda (Gal.) 169
apala (Gal.) 168
aphthosus (Copr.) 231
apicalis (Bolb.) 148
apicrea (Flam.) 175
apiculata (Ecc.) 136

appendiculatum (Hyp.) 216
applicatus (Can.) 109
applicatus (Pleu.) 104
applanata (Cli.) 89
applanatus (Crep.) 201
aquatilis (Gal.) 170
aquifolii (Pleu.) 99
aquila (Lep.) 133
aquosa (Col.) 53
arata (Psath'lla) 219
aratus (Copr.) 236
arbustivus (Hyg.) 72
archyropus (Mar.) 58
arcuatum (Trich.) 25
ardosiacum (Ent.) 125
arenaria (Vol.) 119
arenarius (Cort.) 193
arenarius (Pleu.) 105
arenatus (Cort.) 187
arenicola (Omp.) 93
areolata (Psil.) 225
argematus (Lac.) 63
argentatus (Cort.) 185
argutus (Cort.) 185
arida (Aman.) 6
armeniaca (Bus.) 30
armeniacus (Cort.) 197
Armillaria 14
armillatus (Cort.) 192
Arnoldii (Cli.) 86
aromaticus (Hyg.) 73
arquatus (Cort.) 243
Arrhenia 109
artemisiae (Hyp.) 215
arvalis (Nau.) 165
arvensis (Agar.) 205
arvinaceus (Cort.) 183
asema (Col.) 49
asinina (Ino.) 150
aspera (Aman.) 5
asperella (Psath'lla) 220
aspideus (Lac.) 62
asprellus (Lep.) 133
asterophora (Nyc.) 110
asterospora (Ino.) 153
astragalina (Flam.) 174
atomata (Psath'lla) 220
atramentarius (Copr.) 230
atramentosa (Col.) 55
atrata (Col.) 55
atrides (Ecc.) 136

250

Index.

atripes (Omp.) 96
atroalba (Myc.) 41
atrobrunnea (Psil.) 224
atrocinereum (Trich.) 21
atrocoerule.us (Pleu.) 104
atrocrocea (Lepi.) 11
atrocyanea (Myc.) 41
atromarginata (Myc.) 37
atropuncta (Ecc.) 137
atropurpurea (Bus.) 33
atrorufa (Psil.) 226
atrotomentosus (Pax.) 140
atrovirens (Cort.) 181
attenuates (Copr.) 238
aurantia (Arm.) 15
aurantiacus (Can.) 106
aurantiacus (Lac.) 69
aurantiomarginata (Myc.) 37
aurantiorugosus (Plut.) 123
aurata (Bus.) 30
aurata (Bus.) 34
aurata (Trich.) 18
aurea (Phol.) 141
aureola (Aman.) 5
aureus (Hyg.) 72
auricolor (Lent.) 112
auricomus (Copr.) 239
auricula (Cli.) 80
auricula (Lent.) 113
auriscalpium (Arrh.) 109
aurivella (Phol.) 143
austera (Flam.) 175
autochthona (Tub.) 172
avenacea (Myc.) 37
azurea (Bus.) 33
azureus (Cort.) 189
azyma (Flam.) 175

Babingtonii (Nol.) 128
baccata (Amtop.) 7
Badhami (Lepi.) 9
badipes (Nau.) 164
badius (Lent.) 112
balanina (Myc.) 37
balaustinus (Cort.) 198
balteatus (Cort.) 178
Barlae (Psath.) 221
Batschianum (Ent.) 125
Battarrae (Pleu.) 100
Battarrae (Stro.) 211
bella (Cli.) 91

belliae (Omp.) 97
Benoistii (Col.) 50
Benzoinii (Myc.) 39
Berkeley! (Myc.) 41
Bernardii (Agar.) 205
betulina (Lenz.) 116
bibula (Omp.) 95
bibulus (Cort.) 195
bicolor (Cort.) 198
bicolor (Hyg.) 75
biformis (Cort.) 195
biformis (Psath'lla) 219
bifrons (Psath.) 223
bifurcata (Cli.) 82
biornata (Lepi.) 9
bipellis (Psath.) 223
birrum (Heb.) 158
bisontinum (Trich.) 22
bisus (Lent.) 112
bitorquis (Agar.) 206
bivelus (Cort.) 191
Bizzozerianum (Lep.) 132
blattaria (Phol.) 142
blennius (Lac.) 67
Bloxami (Ent.) 125
bolaris (Cort.) 187
Bolbitius 147
Boltoni (Bolb.) 147
bombycina (Vol.) 119
bona (Bus.) 31
Bongardii (Ino.) 150
boreale (Trich.) 24
Boudieri (Amtop.) 7
Boudieri (Copr.) 233
Boudieri (Lepi.) 9
Boudieri (Trich.) 21
bovinus (Cort.) 194
brachypodes (Can.) 106
Brebissoni (Lepi.) 12
Bresadolae (Amtop.) 7
Bresadolae (Copr.) 230
Bresadolae (Hyg.) 72
Bresadolae (Lent.) 112

Bresadolae
Bresadolae
Bresadolae
Bresadolae
Bresadolae
Bresadolae

Lenz.) 117
Lepi.) 241
Lep.) 132
Nol.) 129
Pilo.) 208
Trich.) 242

brevipes (Trich.) 28
Brigantii (Phol.) 143

Index.

251

Britzelmayri (Copr.) 236
Brownii (Can.) 106
brumalis (Cli.) 88
Brunandi (Copr.) 233
brunnea (Ino.) 154
brunneofulvus (Cort.) 194
brunneoincarnata (Lepi.) 10
brunneola (Omp.) 96

brunneus
bryophila
bryophila

Cort.) 194
Nau.) 168
Nol.) 129

bryophilus (Can.) 109
buccinalis (Omp.) 95
Bucknallii (Lepi.) 13
bufonium (Trich.) 23
bulbigera (Arm.) 14
bulbigenum (Ent.) 125
bulbillosus (Bolb.) 147
bulbillosus (Copr.) 230
bulbosus (Cort.) 191
bullacea (Psil.) 226
Bulliardii (Cort.) 187
Bulliardii (Mar.) 61
bullula (Omp.) 97
butyracea (Col.) 49
Buxbaumii (Hyp.) 214
buxi (Mar.) 61
byssisedus (Claud.) 138

cacaba (Cli.) 87
caducus (Copr.) 235
caelatum (Trich.) 24
caerulescens (Cort.) 180
caesarea (Aman.) 3
caeseriata (Ino.) 154
caesiolivida (Myc.) 38
caesiozonatus (Pleu.) 103
caespitosa (Omp.) 93
calamistrata (Ino.) 148
calatha (Cli.) 88
calceata (Stro.) 211
caldarii (Col.) 56
caldarius (Agar.) 207
caligata (Arm.) 15
caliginosa (Nyc.) 110
caliginosus (Paneo.) 217
calimorpha (Lep.) 133
callisteus (Cort.) 187
callosa (Psil.) 226
calochrous (Cort.) 180
calolepis (Crep.) 202

calophylla (Ecc.) 137
ealophyllus (Hyg.) 74
calopus (Cort.) 186
calopus (Mar.) 58
calospora (Ino.) 151
calyptraeformis (Hyg.) 79
calyptratus (Pleu.) 98
camarus (Cort.) 188
camelina (Lep.) 132
camerina (Nau.) 165
campanella (Omp.) 95
campanulata (Gal.) 169
campanulatus (Paneo.) 217
campestris (Agar.) 205
campestris (Omp.) 93
camphoratus (Cort.) 186
campboratus (Lac.) 65
camptophylla (Omp.) 96
canaliculata (Nyc.) 110
cancrinus (Clitop.) 135
candelaris (Cort.) 197
candicans (Cli.) 83
Candida (Cli.) 86
Candida (Omp.) 97
candidus (Mar.) 59
candidus (Plut.) 123
Candolleanum (Hyp.) 216
Candollei (Mont.) 240
canescens (Myc.) 44
caninus (Cort.) 188
canobrunnea (Psil.) 227
canofaciens (Psil.) 225
Cant&arellus 106
canus (Pleu.) 105
caperata (Phol.) 141
capillacea (Stro.) 209
capillaris (Myc.) 47
capistrata (Phol.) 142
capniocephalum (Heb.) 161
capnoides (Hyp.) 213
capreolarius (Hyg.) 71
capsicoides (Lac.) 68
capsicum (Lac.) 67
capucina (Ino.) 150
caput-medusae (Stro.) 211
carbonaria (Flam.) 174
carbonarius (Can.) 107
carcharias (Lepi.) 12
Cardarella (Cli.) 80
caricicola (Tub.) 172
cariosa (Aman.) 6

252

Index.

carneifolia (Lepi.) 8
carneoalbus (Clitop.) 135
carneogrisea (Ecc.) 136
carneolum (Trich.) 24
carneovirens (Nol.) 130
carneosanguinea (Myc.) 37
carneum (Trich.) 24
carpathicus (Mar.) 58
carpinus (Hyg.) 74
carpophila (Nau.) 168
carpta (Ino.) 151
cartilagineum (Trich.) 21
cascum (Hyp.) 215
eastanea (Lepi.) 9
castaneus (Cort.) 198
castoreus (Lent.) 113
catarium (Hyp.) 216
catervata (Psil.) 228
catina (Cli.) 87
caudata (Psath'lla) 219
caussetta (Arm.) 15
causticus (Cort.) 243
cauticinalis (Mar.) 60
centrifugus (Trich.) 242
centuncultis (Nau.) 163
centurio (Trich.) 19
cepaestipes (Lepi.) 11
cephalixus (Cort.) 179
ceraceus (Hyg.) 77
cerasina (Bus.) 33
cerasinus (Hyg.) 73
cerifera (Phol.) 143
cerinum (Trich.) 23
cernua (Psil.) 227
cerodes (Nau.) 163
cerussata (Cli.) 82
cervina (Cli.) 87
cervinus (Plut.) 120
Cesatii (Crep.) 203
cessans (Col.) 55
cetrata (Nol.) 129
chalybea (Lep.) 132
chamaeloutina (Bus.) 31
chelidonia (Myc.) 45
chimnophilus (Crep.) 202
chioneus (Pleu.) 105
CMtonia 204
chlorantha (Myc.) 39
chlorocyanea (Omp.) 97
chloroides (Bus.) 32
chlorophanus (Hyg.) 79

chloropolius (Lep.) 133
chondroderma (Psil.) 225
chordalis (Mar.) 60
christinae (Nau.) 162
chrysenterum (Trich.) 23
chrysodon (Hyg.) 71
chrysoleuca (Omp.) 91
chrysophaeus (Plut.) 123
chrysophylla (Omp.) 92
chrysophyllus (Pax.) 140
chrysorrheus (Lac.) 62
cibarius (Can.) 106
cicatrisatus (Clitop.) 135
cidaris (Nau.) 162
cilicioides (Lac.) 66
cimicarius (Lac.) 68
cimmeria (Myc.) 44
cincinnata (Ino.) 149
cinerascens (Trich.) 27
cineratus (Copr.) 235
cinerea (Aman.) 4
cinerea (Myc.) 42
cinerella (Myc.) 42
cinereoviolascens (Cort.) 186
cinereus (Can.) 107
cinereus (Plut.) 122
cingulata (Arm.) 15
cinnabarina (Lepi.) 12
cinnamomaeifolia (Col.) 53
cinnamomea (Lenz.) 116
cinnamomeus (Cort.) 189
circellatus (Lac.) 67
circellatipes (Psath'lla) 219
circinans (Heb.) 161
circinatus (Pleu.) 99
circumtectum (Trich.) 25
cirrhata (Col.) 51
citri (Arm.) 16
citrina (Aman.) 5
citrina (Bus.) 32
citrinella (Myc.) 45
citrinocroceus (Hyg.) 78
citrinomarginata (Myc.) 38
citriophylla (Lepi.) 10
civile (Trich.) 26
cladophylla (Myc.) 44
clandestina (Nol.) 129
claricolor (Cort.) 177
Clarkii (Hyg.) 76
Clarkii (Ino.) 155
claroflava (Bus.) 34

Index.

253

Claudopus 137
claviceps (Heb.) 158
clavicularis (Myc.) 45
clavipes (Cli.) 80
clavus (Col.) 53
ciiduchus (Cort.) 179
Clitocybe 80
clitopila (Flam.) 173
Clitopilus 134
clivalis (Hyg.) 75
clivensis (Psil.) 227
clusilis (Col.) 56
clypeatum (Ent.) 127
elypeolaria (Lepi.) 10
cnista (Trich.) 27
coccineus (Hyg.) 77
coccola (Aman.) 3
cochlearis (Farms) 115
cochleatus (Lent.) 112
codes (Nol.) 131
codoniceps (Myc.) 47
coelestina (Nol.) 130
Coemansii (Can.) 109
coerulea (Bus.) 30
coffeata (Cli.) 83
cohaerens (Myc.) 40
Colemannianus (Hyg.) 77
collariata (Myc.) 44
collina (Col.) 51
collinitus (Cort.) 183
Collybia 47
colossus (Trich.) 18
colubriua (Lepi.) 11
colus (Cort.) 198
colymbadinus (Cort.) 190
comatus (Copr.) 229
comitalis (Cli.) 80
committa (Ino.) 155
commune (Schiz.) 118
comosa (Phol.) 143
compactum (Trich.) 21
compar (Cort.) 183
compta (Psil.) 226
comptulus (Agar.) 207
concava (Cli.) 88
concentricus (Clitop.) 135
conchatus (Panus) 114
concolor (Col.) 48
conditus (Copr.) 237
conferta (Gal.) 169
confluens (Col.) 51

conformata (Ino.) 156
confragosa (Phol.) 145
confusa (Ino.) 156
conglobatum (Trich.) 25
congregatus (Copr.) 239
conicus (Hyg.) 78
conigena (Col.) 51
conissans (Flam.) 175
connata (Cli.) 84
connatus (Hyg.) 76
connexifolia (Ino.) 151
conocephalus (Bolb.) 147
conopilea (Psath.) 221
consentiens (Stro.) 209
consimilis (Myc.) 42
consimilis (Psath'lla) 220
consobrina (Eus.) 35
conspersa (Nau.) 167
constricta (Arm.) 15
contortus (Lent.) Ill
controversus (Lac.) 70
Cookei (Ent.) 126
Cookei (Ino.) 152
coopertus (Copr.) 237
coprinifacies (Stro.) 209
Coprinus 228
coprinus (Chit.) 204
coprophila (Psil.) 226
coracina (Col.) 54
Cordae (Ent.) 127
coriaceus (Can.) 108
coriarium (Hyp.) 215
coripellis (Pleu.) 99
corneipes (Psil.) 225
cornucopoides (Pleu.) 100
Cornui (Omp.) 96
coronatum (Hyp.) 215
coronilla (Stro.) 209
corrosus (Cort.) 181
corrugis (Psath.) 221
corruscans (Cort.) 182
corticatus (Pleu.) 98
corticola (Myc.) 46
Cortinarius 177
cortinata (Flam.) 174
cortinata (Ino.) 155
cortiseda (Omp.) 94
corydalina (Ino.) 149
coryphaeum (Trich.) 17
cossus (Hyg.) 71
costatula (Omp.) 92

254

Index.

costatum (Ent.) 127
cothurnata (Stro.) 212
cothumatus (Copr.) 237
cotonea (Stro.) 211
cotoneus (Cort.) 190
crampylus (Lac.) 68
craspedius (Pleu.) 99
crassifolium (Trich.) 22
crassus (Cort.) 178
crassus (Pax.) 140
craterellus (Pleu.) 105
craticus (Cort.) 187
cremor (Lac.) 65
crenata (Psath'lla) 220
crenulata (Myc.) 37
Crepidotus 201
cretaceus (Agar.) 205
cretatus (Clitop.) 135
crispa (Trog.) 117
crispula (Omp.) 97
cristata (Lepi.) 10
cristallinus (Cort.) 182
crobula (Tub.) 172
crocata (Myc.) 45
croceocoeruleus (Cort.) 182
croceoconus (Cort.) 190
croceofulvis (Cort.) 193
crocolitus (Cort.) 177
cruenta (Myc.) 45
cruentata (Nol.) 130
cruentata (Phol.) 145
crucibulum (Can.) 109
crustuliniforme (Heb.) 159
cryptarum (Cli.) 84
cryptarum (Nyc.) 110
cucullata (Ino.) 150
cucumis (Nau.) 162
cudon (Ent.) 125
cumatilis (Cort.) 182
cuneata (Nol.) 129
cuneifolia (Omp.) 94
cuneifolium (Trich.) 22
cupreus (Lepi.) 241
cupularis (Arrh.) 110
cupularis (Tub.) 171
cupulatus (Can.) 108
cnpulatus (Copr.) 234
Curreyi (Ino.) 152
Curreyi (Mar.) 61
curtipes (Cli.) 80
cnrtus (Plut.) 121

curvipes (Ino.) 156
curvipoda (Phol.) 145
cuspidata (Omp.) 97
cutefracta (Bus.) 33
cyanites (Cort.) 186
cyanophaea (Cli.) 81
cyanophylla (Omp.) 96
cyanopus (Cort.) 178
cyanopus (Plut.) 123
cyanorhiza (Myc.) 46
cyanoxantha (Kus.) 34
cyathicula (Lac.) 69
cyathiformis (Cli.) 88
cyathiformis (Panus) 114
cyclodes (Copr.) 229
cygnea (Amtop.) 7
cylindracea (Phol.) 142
cylindricus (Copr.) 231
cyphellaeformis (Pleu.) 104
cypriacus (Cort.) 198
Czarnii (Trich.) 242

daemonica (Col.) 54
damascenus (Cort.) 197
dealbata (Cli.) 83
debilipes (Ino.) 155
debilis (Myc.) 44
decastes (Cli.) 83
decipiens (Cort.) 200
decipiens (Flam.) 173
decipiens lino.) 155
decipiens (Lac.) 67
declinis (Col.) 50
decolorans (Cort.) 182
decolorans (Kus.) 30
decoloratus (Cort.) 182
decorus (Pleu.) 98
decumbens (Cort.) 188
decussata (Flam.) 174
deflectens (Heb.) 159
deflexa (Omp.) 96
degener (Lent.) Ill .

degener (Xer.) 116
deglubens (Ino.) 151
dehiscens (Arm.) 15
Delastri (Panus) 115
delecta (Ino.) 154
delibutus (Cort.) 184
delica (Rus.) 32
delicata (Lepi.) 14
deliciosus (Lac.) 63

Index.

255

deliquescens (Copr.) 239

demisannulata (Lepi.) 14

demissa (Omp.) 94

denigrata (Arm.) 16

densifolia (Lepi.) 8

densifolia (Rus.) 32

denudata (Lepi.) 13

depallens (Rus.) 34

depexus (Cort.) 191

depilata (Stro.) 208

depluens (Claud.) 137

depressus (Cort.) 201

descissa (Ino.) 154

destricta (Ino.) 153

destruens (Phol.) 143
detonsus (Cort.) 200
detrusa (Omp.) 91
diabolicus (Cort.) 188
diaphanus (Copr.) 239
diatreta (Cli.) 90
dibaphus (Cort.) 180
dichroa (Psil.) 225
dichroum (But.) 126
dictyorhizus (Pleu.) 103
dictyotus (Pluteo.) 147
difformis (Cli.) 90
diffractum (Heb.) 161
digitalis (Copr.) 239
dilatata (Myc.) 46
dilectus (Copr.) 229
dilutus (Cort.) 197
directa (Omp.) 97
discoideus (Hyg.) 72
discopoda (Myc.) 46
disjungendus (Cort.) 194
dispar (Mar.) 58
dispersum (Hyp.) 213
disseminata (Psath'lla) 220
dissiliens (Myc.) 41
dissimulans (Phol.) 145
dissultans (Trich.) 22
distans (Hyg.) 76
distorta (Col.) 49
ditopa (Cli.) 89
divergens (Copr.) 236
djakovensis (Phol.) 144
dolabratus (Cort.) 199
domesticus (Copr.) 233
domesticus (Lent.) Ill
Dorotheae (Col.) 56
dothiophora (Cli.) 81

drimeia (Bus.) 35
dryinus (Pleu.) 98
dryophila (Col.) 53
dulcamara (Ino.) 149
dulcidulus (Agar.) 207
dumosa (Omp.) 91
Dunalii (Lent.) Ill
dura (Phol.) 142
duracinum (Trich.) 26
duracinus (Cort.) 197

eburneus (Copr.) 240
eburneus (Hyg.) 71
Eccilia 136
echinata (Ino.) 151
echinella (Lepi.) 9
echinipes (Myc.) 46
echinocephala (Aman.) 6
echinospora (Nau.) 168
ectypa (Cli.) 90
effocatella (Cli.) 84
eflugiens (Nau.) 168
effugiens (Nauc.) 202
egenulum (Hyp.) 216
egregius (Paneo.) 217
elaeodes (Hyp.) 213
elaphinum (Ent.) 127
elata (Psath.) 221
elatellum (Heb.) 159
elatior (Cort.) 183
elatum (Heb.) 160
elegans (Myc.) 37
elegans (Rus.) 30
elegantior (Cort.) 181
elephantina (Rus.) 34
elevata (Col.) 47
Eliae (Aman.) 4
elixa (Cli.) 84
elotus (Cort.) 243
elvensis (Agar.) 204
elytroides (Trich.) 22
embola (Tub.) 172
emetica (Rus.) 36
emollitius (Cort.) 182
emplastra (Lepi.) 9
empyreumatica (Psath'lla) 200
emunctus (Cort.) 184
enchymosa (Nau.) 163
Entoloma 124
ephebius (Plut.) 121
ephemeroides (Copr.) 230

256

Index.

ephemeras (Copr). 237
epibryus (Crep.) 202
epichloe (Mar.) 61
epichysia (Omp.) 93
epigaeus (Crep.) 203
epiphloea (Myc.) 44
epiphyllus (Mar.) 62
epipoleus (Cort.) 184
epipphia (Col.) 49
epipterygia (Myc.) 45
epixanthum (Hyp.) 213
epodius (Mar.) 60
equestre (Trich.) 17
equinus (Copr.) 229
erebia (Phol.) 141
ericaea (Psil.) 225
ericetorum (Cli.) 87
erinacea (Nau.) 167
erminea (Lepi.) 10
erophilum (Ent.) 124
erosa (Col.) 56
erubescens (Hyg.) 71
erugatus (Cort.) 197
eryngii (Pleu.) 100
erythrinus (Cort.) 200
erythrocephalus (Copr.) 239
erythropus (Mar.) 58
escharoides (Nau.) 167
esculenta (Col.) 52
euchlora (Lep.) 133
euchroa (Lep.) 132
eustygia (Col.) 52
eutheles (Ino.) 153
evanidus (Copr.) 237
evernius (Cort.) 192
excelsa (Arnan. ) 5
excentricum (Ent.) 125
excisa (Myc.) 40
excisa (Myc.) 41
excoriata (Lepi.) 8
exiguus (Plut.) 122
exilis (Nol.) 131
expallens (Cli.) 88
expolita (Psath'Ua) 220
exsculpta (Col.) 53
exscissum (Trich.) 28
exstinctorius (Copr.) 233
extenuatus (Pax.) 139
extuberans (Col.) 53
Eyrei (Chlor.) 118

fagicola (Psath.) 222
Falkii (Psath.) 222
fallaciosum (Trich.) 241
fallax (Cort.) 195
fallax (Trich.) 27
farinaceus (Panus) 115
farneus (Panus) 114
farrea (Myc.) 39
fasciata (Ino.) 150
fasciatus (Cort.) 201
fasciculare (Hyp.) 213
fascicularis (Can.) 108
fascinans (Lac.) 69
fastibile (Heb.) 157
fastigiata (Ino.) 152
fatuus (Psath.) 223
faventina (Lenz.) 117
faveolaris (Mar.) 61
favillarum (Trich.) 29
felina (Lepi.) 10
felinum (Hyp.) 216
fellea (Bus.) 34
Fenzlii (Ana.) 120
ferrugineo-lateritia (Psil.) 226
fertile (Ent.) 125
festiva (Nau.) 162
fibrillosa (Psath.) 223
fibrosa (Ino.) 152
fibula (Omp.) 96
filia (Flam.) 174
filicea (Flam.) 176
filiformis (Copr.) 235
filopes (Myc.) 43
fimbriatus (Lent.) 113
fimbriatus (Pleu.) 99
fimetarius (Copr.) 235
fimicola (Arrh.) 110
fimicola (Myc.) 38
fimicola (Paneo.) 218
fimiputris (Anel.) 212
fingibilis (Rus.) 32
firmum (Heb.) 158
firmus (Cort.) 196
flabelliformis (Lent.) 113
flabeUum (Panus) 115
flabellus (Cort.) 195
flacca (Nau.) 163
flaccida (Cli.) 16
flaccida (Lenz.) 116
flammans (Phol.) 144
flammeolus (Lac.) 63

Index.

257

Flammula 172

flavella (Ino.) 156
flavescens (Agar.) 205
flavescens (Agar.) 206
flavescens (Agar.) 223
flavida (Flam.) 174
flavidus (Bolb.) 147
flavidus (Lac.) 63
flavipes (Myc.) 38
flavoalba (Myc.) 39
flavobrunneum (Trich.) 18
flavus (Hyg.) 76
flexipes (Cort.) 195
flexipes (Gal.) 169
flexuosus (Lao.) 68
floccifera (Flam.) 173
floccipes (Col.) 50
flocculosa (Ino.) 150
flocculosus (Copr.) 231
floridula (Col.) 54
floseulus (Ecc.) 137
flosculus (Mar.) 61
fluens (Lac.) 69
fluxilis (Pleu.) 104
focalis (Arm.) 14
foeniculaceus (Mar.) 57
foenisecii (Psil.) 227
foetida (Bus.) 35
foetidissima (Col.) 51
foetidus (Mar.) 59
foetens (Hyg.) 77
foetens (Farms) 115
foetens (Bus.) 35
formosa (Lep.) 133
fornicatus (Hyg.) 76
Forquignoni (Copr.) 232
Forquignoni (Lepi.) 10
Forquignoni (Lep.) 131
fracida (Arm.) 17
fragilis (Bolb.) 147
fragilis (Bus.) 36
fragrans (Cli.) 90
friabilis (Amtop.) 6
friabilis (Lent.) 112
Friesii (Can.) 106
Friesii (Copr.) 234
Friesii (Hyg.) 72
Friesii (Lepi.) 9
fritilliformis (Cli.) 88
frumentaceum (Trich.) 19
frustulenta (Psath.) 223

frustulosum (Copr.) 236
fucatophyllus (Cort.) 190
fucatum (Trich.) 17
fulgens (Cort.) 181
fuliginaria (Col.) 55
fuliginarium (Ent.) 124
fuliginosus (Lac.) 63
fulmineus (Cort.) 181
fulvella (Ino.) 156
fulvellum (Trich.) 18
fulvescens (Cort.) 199
fulvidus (Panus) 114
fulvostrigosa (Nol.) 129
fumosa (Cli.) 84
fumosella (Nol.) 129
funicularis (Col.) 49
furcata (Bus.) 33
furfuracea (Tub.) 171
furnacea (Lepi.) 11
furvellus (Pleu.) 104
furvum (Trich.) 20
fusca (Phol.) 144
fuscescens (Copr.) 231
fuscoalbus (Hyg.) 73
fuscomarginata (Myc.) 38
fuscopurpureus (Mar.) 57
fuscus (Lac.) 63
fusipes (Col.) 48
fusipes (Heb.) 158
fusoidea (Stro.) 209
fusus (Flam.) 174

gadinoides (Pleu.) 102
Gaillardii (Ino.) 151
Galera 168

galericulata (Myc.) 40
galeropsis (Myc.) 39
gallicus (Lent.) Ill
gallinacea (Cli.) 83
galopoda (Myc.) 45
gambosum (Trich.) 24
garidelli (Cli.) 87
gangraenosa (Cli.) 80
gausapatum (Trich.) 20
Gauteraudii (Trich.) 242
gelidus (Mar.) 58
geminum (Trich.) 22
gemmata (Amtop.) 7
Gemmellari (Pleur.) 101
geniculatus (Agar.) 207
geoginus (Pleu.) 102

17

258

Index.

geophylla (Ino.) 155
Georgii (Trich.) 24
Georginae (Lepi.) 14
geotropa (CH.) 86
germanus (Cort.) 200
gentilis (Cort.) 193
gibba (Omp.) 97
gibberosa (Phol.) 142
Gibbsii (Copr.) 238

g'gantea (Cli.) 85
illetii (Copr.) 238
Gilletii (Hyp.) 214
Gilletii (Psil.( 227
Gillotii (Lep.) 134
gilva (Cli.) 86
Giovanellae (Omp.) 92
glacialis (Col.) 55
glandicolor (Cort.) 194
glandiformis (Nau.) 164
glareosa (Psath.) 221
glaucescens (Lac.) 64
glaucocanum (Trich.) 26
glauconitens (Hyg.) 79
glaucophylla (Omp.) 93
glaucopus (Cort.) 180
glaucus (Can.) 109
glaucus (Hyg.) 75
glioderma (Lepi.) 14
gliocyclus (Hyg.) 71
globularis (Col.) 49
globularis (Mar.) 57
gloiocepbala (Vol.) 120
glutinifer (Hyg.) 72
glutinosum (Heb.) 158
glutinosus (Gomp.) 212
glyciosmus (Lac.) 69
Godeyi (Amtop.) 6
Godeyi (Copr.) 239
Godeyi (Ino.) 152
Godeyi (Plut.) 123
Gompnidius 212
gomphodes (Paneo.) 218
goniosperma (Trich.) 19
gonophyllus (Copr.) 233
Gordon! (Psath.) 223
Gorteri (Lep.) 132
gossypina (Psath.) 224
gracilenta (Lepi.) 8
gracilipes (Psath'lla) 219
gracilis (Gomp.) 213
gracilis (Psath'Ua) 218

gracillima (Omp.) 97
grallipes (Cort.) 183
graminicola (Nau.) 168
graminum (Mar.) 60
grammata (Ino.) 154
grammopodium (Trich.) 28
grandiusculus (Bolb.) 147
granulatus (Panus) 114
granulatus (Plut.) 121
granulosa (Lepi.) 12
granulosa (Bus.) 35
grata (Ino.) 154
graveolens (Psath'lla) 219
graveolens (Trich.) 24
gregaria (Phol.) 146
grisea (Omp.) 96
grisea (Bus.) 31

(Vol.) 119
grisella (Omp.) 94
griseobadia (Psath.) 221
griseocyaneum (Ent.) 126
griseofusca (Arm.) 16
griseolilacina (Omp.) 95
griseopallida (Omp.) 95
griseorubella (Ecc.) 136
griseotomentosus (Pax.) 140
grumata (Cli.) 91
gummosa (Flam.) 174
Gussonei (Col.) 53
guttatum (Trich.) 19
guttulatus (Paneo.) 218
gymnopodia (Flam.) 172
gypsea (Myc.) 39
gyrans (Cli.) 90
gyroflexa (Psath.) 222

haemacta (Ino.) 149
haematites (Arm.) 16
haematochelis (Cort.) 193
haematospermus (Agar.) 207
haematopoda (Myc.) 45
haemorrhoidarius (Agar.) 206
hamadryas (Nau.) 162
hariolorum (Col.) 50
harmoge (Flam.) 175
haustellaris (Crep.) 202
Hebeloma 157
hebepodia (Cli.) 84
hebes (Psil.) 227
heliophila (Nau.) 166
helobia (Psath.) 223

Index.

259

helodes (Ent.) 124
helomorpha (Flam.) 176
helvella (Hyg.) 75
helvelloides (Cort.) 193
helveola (Lepi.) 9
helvola (Psil.) 224
helvolus (Cort.) 193
helvus (Lac.) 65
hemerobius (Copr.) 240
hemitrichus (Cort.) 196
Hendersonii (Copr.) 230
Henningsii (Flam.) 174
hepatica (Omp.) 94
herpeticus (Cort.) 181
hesperidium (Nol.) 130
heteroclita (Phol.) 143
heteromorpha (Lenz.) 117
heterophylla (Eus.) 32
hiascens (Psath'lla) 219
Hiatula 14
hibala (Nau.) 168
hiemale (Heb.) 159
hiemalis (Myc.) 47
hilaris (Nau.) 162
hinnuleus (Cort.) 193
hircinus (Cort.) 186
hirneola (Cli.) 80
hirsuta (Omp.) 95
hirsuta (Ino.) 148
hirtella (Ino.) 151
hirtipes (Nol.) 130
hispida (Lepi.) 9
hispidosus (Lent.) 113
hispidulus (Plut.) 121
hiulca (Ino.) 152
Hobsoni (Pleu.) 105
Hoeftii (Cort.) 197
holophaeum (Ent.) 124
holosericea (Lepi.) 11
hometi (Lac.) 70
hordum (Trich.) 22
horizontal (Nau.) 163
hornotinus (Lent.) Ill
hortensis (Cli.) 83
hospitans (Trich.) 29
Houghtoni (Can.) 108
Houghtoni (Hyg.) 77
Hudsoni (Mar.) 61
hnmicola (Phol.) 144
humile (Trich.) 28
humosa (Cli.) 84

hyacinthinus (Hyg.) 71
hybrida (Flam.) 175
hydrionides (Clitop.) 135
hydrogramma (Omp.) 91
hydrophila (Nau.) 164
hydrophilum (Hyp.) 216
hydrophora (Psath'lla) 219
hygrophanus (Can.) 108
hygrophanus (Lent.) 113
Hygrophorus 70
hyperborea (Amtop.) 7
hyperella (Nau.) 163
Hypholoma 213
hypnicola (Gal.) 170
hypnophilus (Pleu.) 105
hypnorum (Can.) 106
hypnorum (Gal.) 170
hypomelas (Paneo.) 218
hypopithys (Vol.) 119
hyporrhodius (Hyg.) 74
hypothejus (Hyg.) 73
hypsipoda (Stro.) 212
hypsophilus (Crep.) 201
hysginus (Lac.) 66
hystrix (Ino.) 148

ianthina (Lepi.) 13
ianthina (Mye.) 43
ianthipes (Cort.) 200
ichoratus (Lac.) 64
icterina (Nol.) 130
ignicolor (Lepi.) 9
ignobilis (Col.) 54
iliopodius (Cort.) 196
illibatus (Cort.) 184
illinita (Lepi.) 14
illuminus (Cort.) 197
imbecilis (Ino.) 157
imbricatum (Trich.) 20
imbutus (Cort.) 198
immundum (Trich.) 20
impatiens (Psath'lla) 219
impennis (Cort.) 192
imperialis (Arm.) 16
impolitum (Trich.) 20
impolitus (Lac.) 67
impudicus (Mar.) 58
inaequabilis (Claud.) 137
inamoenum (Trich.) 23
inamoenus (Copr.) 236
inaurata (Flam.) 175

17—2

260

Index.

incana (Lep.) 133
incarnata (Ino.) 149
incilis (Cli.) 85
incisus (Cort.) 195
inclinata (Myc.) 41
incomis (Omp.) 96
incompta (Cli.) 90
incomptum (Hyp.) 214
inconcinna (Ino.) 156
indutum (Ent.) 126
infida (Psath'lla) 220
infractus (Cort.) 179
infucatus (Cort.) 190
infula (Nol.) 130
infumata (Omp.) 94
infundibiliformis (Cli.) 85
infundibuliformis (Can.) 107
infundibuliformis (Cyph.) 97
ingrata (Col.) 51
inhonestus (Crep.) 202
injucundus (Cort.) 194
innocua (Nau.) 163
inoculata (Lepi.) 14
Inocybe 148

inodermeum (Trich.) 20
inodorus (Mar.) 59
inolens (Col.) 55
inopoda (Flam.) 175
inornata (Cli.) 80
inquilina (Tub.) 172
insidiosa (Amtop.) 7
insignia (Cli.) 89
insititius (Mar.) 61
instratum (Hyp.) 213
insulsus (Lac.) 66
Integra (Rus.) 29
integrella (Omp.) 97
intentus (Cort.) 183
intermedia (Bus.) 36
intermedius (Copr.) 236
intermedium (Copr.) 238
intermedius (Hyg.) 78
intermedius (Lac.) 62
interveniens (Trich.) 23
inuncta (Stro.) 209
inversa (Cli.) 86
inverseconicus (Panus) 114
in vita (Omp.) 96
involucratius (Agar.) 204
involuta (Heb.) 160
involutus (Lac.) 66

involutus (Pax.) 140
ionides (Trich.) 23
ionipterus (Clitop.) 135
ionipus (Pax.) 140
irinum (Trich.) 26
iris (Cort.) 196
iris (Myc.) 43
irregularis (Cort.) 199

irrigatus (Hyg.) 76

(Hyp
isabellina (Cli.) 90

irroratum (Hyp.) 214

isabellinus (Cort.) 198
ischnostylum (Heb.) 161

jasmineus (Cort.) 243
Jasonis (Arm.) 17
jecorinus (Lac.) 68
Jennyae (Nau.) 162
Jerdoni (Stro.) 212

ubarinus (Cort.) 199

ubatum (Ent.) 126

ugis (Lent.) 112

uglandinus (Pleu.) 99

uncea (Nol.) 129
juncicola (Myc.) 47
juncina (Flam.) 173
Junghuhnii (Cort.) 200
junonia (Phol.) 145
junquillea (Aman.) 3
junquillea (Crep.) 201
jurana (Col.) 49
jurana (Ino.) 152
juranum (Trich.) 28
juranus (Can.) 109

Kalchbrenneri (Omp.) 94
Karstenii (Hyg.) 75
Kerneri (Pleu.) 103
Kervernii (Lep.) 134
Kirchneri (Mar.) 59
Klukii (Claud.) 138
Kolaensis (Phol.) 145
Kretschmarii (Nol.) 131
Krombholzii (Cort.) 199

labyrinthica (Lenz.) 117
laccata (Cli.) 91
lacera (Ino.) 150
lacerata (Col.) 55
lacrymabundum (Hyp.) 214

Index.

261

Lactarius 62
lactea (Myc.) 39
lactea (Bus.) 31
Laestadii (Omp.) 96
laeta (Nau.) 163
laetus (Hyg.) 77
laevigata (Myc.) 41
laevis (Amv.) 120
lagopoides (Copr.) 234
lagopus (Copr.) 234
lamellirugis (Pax.) 140
lampropoda (Lep.) 132
Lamyanus (Panus) 114
lanaripes (Hyp.) 215
lanatus (Copr.) 238
lancipes (Col.) 48
laniger (Cort.) 191
languidus (Mar.) 59
lanuginosa (Ino.) 148
lapponica (Nau.) 167
lappula (Lep.) 131
laqueata (Arm.) 16
Larchenfeldii (Paneo.) 218
largus (Cort.) 178
Laschii (Arm.) 16
lascivum (Trich.) 23
lasiosperma (Myc.) 41
lasiosperma (Myc.) 44
latebricola (Myc.) 44
lateritioroseus (Lac.) 70
lateripes (Lac.) 70
lateritia (Gal.) 168
latissima (Nau.) 166
latus (Cort.) 242
laureata (Psath.) 224
laurocerasi (Pleu.) 103
laxipes (Col.) 50
laxus (Copr.) 235
lazulina (Lep.) 132
Lebretonii (Cort.) 189
leccina (Am top.) 7
lecensis (Agar.) 207
Leightoni (Pleu.) 104
leiocephala (Amtop.) 7
lenta (Flam.) 173
lenticularis (Lepi.) 6
lenticulosa (Cli.) 85
lentiginosa (Cli.) 86
lentiniformis (Col.) 48
Lentinus 111
lentulus (Clitop.) 135

lentum (Trich.) 26
Lenzites 116
leochroma (Phol.) 142
leoninus (Plut.) 123
leontopodius (Lent.) Ill
lepida (Bus.) 33
lepideus (Lent.) Ill
lepidopus (Cort.) 189
lepidotum (Hyp.) 215
Lepiota 7

lepiotoides (Aman.) 3
lepiphylla (Cli.) 89
lepista (Pax.) 139
leporinus (Hyg.) 47
leptocephala (Myc.) 42
Leptonia 131
leptopus (Pax.) 140
Lerchenfeldii (Copr.) 231
leucocephala (Ino.) 149
leucocephalum (Trich.) 26
leucogala (Myc.) 45
leucomyosotis (Col.) 52
leucophaeus (Can.) 107
leucophaeus (Hyg.) 72
leucophanes (Paneo.) 217
leucopheatum (Trich.) 24
leucophylla (Omp.) 92
leucopus (Cort.) 200
leucotephrum (Hyp.) 216
leucothites (Lepi.) 11
libertata (Psil.) 226
licinipes (Cort.) 191
licmophora (Lepi.) 12
ligatus (Hyg.) 70
lignatilis (Pleu.) 99
lignicola (Lepi.) '9
lignicola (Pleu.) 100
ligniotus (Lac.) 65
lilacea (Col.) 51
lilacea (Lepi.) 10
lilacea (Bus.) 30
lilacina (Omp.) 94
lilacinus (Lac.) 69
limacinus (Hyg.) 73
limbata (Nau.) 167
limonius (Cort.) 193
limosa (Nol.) 128
limosus (Mar.) 61
limpidoides (Pleu.) 102
limpidus (Pleu.) 102
limulata (Flam.) 176

262

Index.

Lindgrenii (Cort.) 195
lineata (Myc.) 39
lingulatus (Pleu.) 100
Linkii (Lep.) 131
Linnaei (Bus.) 31
lipophila (Psil.) 225
liquescens (Ent.) 125
liquidus (Cort.) 184
liquiritiae (Flam.) 176
liratus (Cort.) 243
lithophilus (Panus) 115
littoralis (Mar.) 60
lituua (Omp.) 92
livido-albus (Hyg.) 74
livido-ochraceus (Cort.) 184
lividum (Ent.) 124
lividus (Lac.) 67
lividus (Pax.) 139
livor (Cort.) 197
lixivium (Trich.) 28
lobatus (Can.) 109
Locellina 141
longicauda (Psath'lla) 218
longicaudum (Heb.) 160
longipes (Can.) 107
longipes (Col.) 47
loricatum (Trich.) 21
loripes (Col.) 48
Loscosii (Psath.) 221
Loveiana (Vol.) 119
lubrica (Flam.) 173
lucifera (Phol.) 144
lucifuga (Ino.) 155
lucorum (CorU 192
lucorum (Hyg.) 73
ludia (Col.) 54
Luffii (Omp.) 92
lugens (Heb.) 160
lugubris (Nau.) 162
lupina (Flam.) 173
lupuletora (Col.) 51
luridum (Trich.) 19
luridus (Lac.) 67
luscina (Cli.) 80
lusitanicus (Lent.) 112
lustratus (Cort.) 178
lutea (Aman.) 4
lutea (Bus.) 30
luteifolia (Col.) 53
luteoalba (Myc.) 39
luteocaesius (Pleu.) 100

luteolus (Bolb.) 148
luteolus (Crep.) 202
luteomarginatus (Plut.) 123
luteonitens (Stro.) 210
luteorufescens (Myc.) 37
luteovirens (Arm.) 15
luteoviridans (Bus.) 33
lutincola (Pleu.) 101
luxoviensis (Copr.) 235
luxurians (Phol.) 143

(Col.) 53
macrocephalus (Copr.)
macrophylla (Cli.) 89
macropus (Cort.) 191
macropus (Pleu.) 100
macrorhizum (Trich.) 21
macrosporus (Claud.) 137
maculata (Col.) 48
maculata (Ino.) 153
maculata (Bus.) 35
maculatus (Gomp.) 212
maculosus (Cort.) 182
madidum (Ent.) 125
magna (Phol.) 143
magnifies (Aman.) 4
magnimamma (Heb.) 161
Magnusiana (Lepi.) 10
majale (Ent.) 127
malachius (Cort.) 186
malicorius (Cort.) 190
maliodorus (Lac.) 67
maluvium (Trich.) 25
mamillaris (Ino.) 156
mammillata (Myc.) 46
mammillata (Stro.) 210
mammosa (Nol.) 128
mammosus (Lac.) 69
mappa (Aman.) 3
Marasmius 56
marcescens (Copr.) 236
margaritispora (Ino.) 153
marginata (Phol.) 146
maritima (Ino.) 149
martialis (Lepi.) 13
marzuola (Cli.) 84
Marzuolus (Hyg.) 79
mastigera (Psath.) 221
mastoidea (Lepi.) 8
mastrucatus (Pleu.) 104
maura (Omp.) 92

Index.

263

maxima (Cli.) 85
Mayrii (Copr.) 231
media (Vol.) 120
medioflava (Lepi.) 11
medullata (Lepi.) 14
medallosa (Nau.) 162
medusa (Stro.) 211
megalodactyla (Aman.) 5
megalopus (Arm.) 15
melaltucum (Trich.) 27
melanodon (Plut.) 122
melancps (Myc.) 40
melanopus (Pleu.) 100
melanotus (Cort.) 188
melantinum (Hyp.) 215
melasperma (Stro.) 209
meleagris (Lepi.) 9
melinoides (Nau.) 164
melizeus (Hyg.) 71
mellea (Arm.) 16
mellea (Phol.) 146
melleopallens (Lep.) 133
Menieri (Mar.) 61
mephitica (Col.) 54
merdaria (Stro.) 210
Merletii (Ino.) 150
mesomorpha (Lepi.) 13
mesophaeum (Heb.) 158
mesotepbrus (Hyg.) 74
metacbroa (Cli.) 89
metapodius (Hyg.) 76
metata (Myc.) 42
metulaespora (Lepi.) 10
micaceus (Copr.) 236
micaceus (Hyg.) 78
micans (Nau.) 163
Micheliana (Col.) 54
microcepbalum (Trich.) 27
microcyclus (Cort.) 192
micropholis (Lepi.) 10
micropbylla (Nyc.) 110
microrhiza (Psatb.) 224
microscopica (Oinp.) 97
miculatum (Trich.) 21
militare (Trich.) 26
miltinus (Cort.) 189
milvinus (Cort.) 201
mimica (Col.) 48
mimicum (Ent.) 128
miniaceus (Hyg.) 72
miniatus (Hyg.) 77
minimus (Lac.) 70

minuta (Gal.) 170
minuta (Lep.) 241
minuta (Nol.) 131
mirabilis (Myc.) 37
miser (Col.) 55
miser (Copr.) 240
miserrima (Nau.) 164
mitis (Pleu.) 102
mitissimus (Lac.) 64
mitratum (Heb.) 158
mixta (Flam.) 173
mniophila (Gal.) 170
mollis (Crep.) 201
mollis (Lenz.) 117
molybdiua (Cli.) 83
molybdites (Lepi.) 8
molyoides (Mar.) 60
monachella (Nol.) 131
monstrosa (Cli.) 84
Montagnites 240
montellicus (Plut.) 121
morchelloides (Gal.) 171
Morieri (Lepi.) 10
morio (Arm.) 16
mortuosa (Cli.) 90
Mougeotii (Ecc.) 136
mucida (Arm.) 17
mucitiuus (Cort.) 183
mucor (Myc.) 46
mucronellus (Hyg.) 78
mulleus (Mar.) 57
multifidum (Schiz.) 118
multiformis (Cort.) 179
mundulus (Clitop.) 134
muralis (Copr.) 234
muralis (Omp.) 94
murcida (Psil.) 227
muricata (Phol.) 145
muricella (Flam.) 173
muricinus (Cort.) 186
murina (Col.) 55
murinaceum (Trich.) 22
murinella (Vol.) 119
muscaria (Aman.) 4
muscigena (Phol.) 146
muscigenus (Can.) 108
muscorum (Can.) 109
muscorum (Tub.) 172
mussivum (Heb.) 157
mustelina (Phol.) 146
mustelina (Bus.) 34
musteus (Lac.) 64

264

Index.

Mustialensis (Pleu.) 105
mutabilis (Phol.) 145
mutabilis (Psil.) 225
mutica (Ino.) 151
mutilus (Pleu.) 100
Mycena 36

mycenoides (Phol.) 146
mycenopsis (Copr.) 237
myosotis (Nau.) 166
myosurus (Col.) 51
myrtillinus (Cort.) 189
myxotrichus (Pleu.) 104

naevosus (Cort.) 184
nanus (Plut.) 122
napus (Cort.) 180
narcoticus (Copr.) 234
naucina (Lepi.) 11
Naucoria 162
nauseosa (Nyc.) 110
nauseosa (Bus.) 29
nauseosodulcis (Cli.) 85
nauseosodulcis (Pleu.) 100
nauseosum. (Heb.) 161
nebrodensis (Pleu.) 100
nebularis (Cli.) 80
nefrens (Lep.) 134
neglecta (Psath.) 222
neglectus (Clitop.) 136
nemophila (Psil.) 224
nemoreus (Hyg.) 74
Nevillae (Omp.) 93
nictitans (Trich.) 18
nidulans (Crep.) 201
nidulans (Pleu.) 103
nidulans (Pleur.) 201
nidorosum (Ent.) 128
nidusavis (Clitop.) 135
nigellus (Ecc.) 136
nigrella (Ecc.) 136
nigricans (Kus.) 32
nigripes (Nol.) 129
nigrocinnamomeum (Ent.) 127
nigromarginata (Lepi.) 10
nigropunctata (Cli.) 91
nimbata (Cli.) 80
nimbosa (Nau.) 162
nivea (Myc.) 39
niveorubens (Agar.) 206
niveus (Bolb.) 148
niveus (Copr.) 232
niveus (Hyg.) 75

nivosus (Pleu.) 104
nitellina (Col.) 52
nitens (Cort.) 199
nitens (Flam.) 176
nitens (Pax.) 139
nitida (Aman.) 5
nitida (Bus.) 30
nitidum (Ent.) 125
nitidus (Cort.) 184
nitidus (Hyg.) 72
nitratus (Hyg.) 79
nitrosus (Cort.) 194
Nolanea 128

noli-tangere (Psath.) 224
nubila (Cli.) 90
nucea (Nau.) 164
nucida (Myc.) 39
nuciseda (Psil.) 226
nudipes (Heb.) 160
nudum (Trich.) 27
nummularia (Col.) 52
Nyctalis 110

nycthemerus (Copr.) 233
nympharum (Lepi.) 11

obbata (Cli.) 88
oblectus (Copr.) 228
obliquus (Lac.) 70
obnubilus (Lac.) 68
obola (Cli.) 90
obrusseus (Hyg.) 78
obscura (Ino.) lol
obscuratus (Hyg.) 79
obsoleta (Cli.) 90
obturata (Stro.) 209
obtusata (Psath.) 222
obtusus (Cort.) 200
occulta (Cli.) 84
ocellata (Col.) 54
oohracea (Cli.) 89
ochracea (Bus.) 30
ochraceus (Can.) 108
ochrochlora (Flam.) 176
ochroleuca (Bus.) 35
ochroleucus (Cort.) 188
ochrophyllus (Cort.) 188
ocreata (Stro.) 211
odini (Heb.) 161
odora (Cli.) 81
odorus (Can.) 109
oedipus (Hyp.) 214
olearius (Pleu.) 99

Index.

265

olida (Myc.) 39
olidus (Can.) 106
olivacea (Bus.) 31
olivaceoalbus (Hyg.) 73
olivaceomarginata (Myc.) 37
olivascens (Cort.) 183
olivascens (Cort.) 191
olivascens (Rus.) 32
oliveus (Cort.) 185
Olivier! (Lepi.) 8
olorina (Cli.) 82
ombrophila (Phol.) 141
ombrophila (Psath.) 222
Omphalia 91
omphalodes (Lent.) 112
oniscoides (Omp.) 93
oniscus (Omp.) 93
onychinum (Trich.) 23
opaca (Cli.) 84
opicum (Trich.) 22
opimus (Cort.) 185
opiparia (Cli.) 81
orbicularis (Col.) 51
orbiformis (Cli.) 89
orcella (Clitop.) 134
orcelloides (Pax.) 139
oreades (Mar.) 57
oreinum (Trich.j 25
orellanus (Cort.) 190
orichalceus (Cort.) 181
ornatus (Pleu.) 98
ostreatus (Pleu.) 101
ovalis (Gal.) 169
ovatus (Copr.) 230
ovinus (Hyg.) 76
ovoidea (Aman.) 3
ozes (Col.) 54
ozonii (Bolb.) 148

pachyphylla (Cli.) 91
paedidum (Trich.) 28
paleaceus (Cort.) 196
Pallassii (Mont.) 240
pallens (Lep.) 133
pallens (Psath.) 222
pallescens (Crep.) 202
pallida (Rus.) 34
pallidus (Lac.) 65
palmatus (Crep.) 201
paludosa (Tub.) 171
palustris (Stro.) 210
panaeolum (Trich.) 27

Panaeolus 217
panaeolus (Pax.) 139
Pannizii (Cli.) 85
pannosa (Nau.) 167
pannucius (Lac.) 68
pansa (Cort.) 180
pantherina (Aman.) 5
pantoleucus (Pleu.) 100
panuoides (Pax.) 140
Panus 114

papilionaceus (Paneo.) 217
papillata (Cli.) 89
papillata (Nol.) 128
papillatus (Copr.) 238
papulosus (Cort.) 182
parabolica (Myc.) 41
paradoxa (Stro.) 211
paradoxus (Pax.) 140
paragaudis (Cort.) 193
parasitica (Lep.) 134
parasitica (Nyc.) 110
pardalis (Pleu.) 98
parilis (Cli.) 86
Parisotii (Crep.) 202
Parkensis (Ecc.) 136
paropsis (Cli.) 87
parvannulata (Lepi.) 13
parvula (Vol.) 120
parvus (Can.) 107
pascua (Nol.) 128
patellaris (Panus) 115
pateriformis (Cort.) 199
pathenopejus (Pleu.) 101
Patouillardii (Copr.) 238
patulum (Trich.) 25
Pauletii (Lepi.) 12
paupercula (Myc.) 42
pausiaca (Cli.) 89
pavonius (Cort.) 187
Paxillus 139
paxillus (Phol.) 145
pectinata (Omp.) 97
pectinata (Rus.) 35
pediades (Nau.) 165
pelianthina (Myc.) 36
pelliculosa (Myc.) 45
pellitus (Plut.) 122
pellucida (Tub.) 171
pellucidus (Copr.) 240
pelmatosporus (Cort.) 178
peltata (Myc.) 43
penarius (Hyg.) 71

266

Index.

penetrans (Flam.) 175
penicillatus (Cort.) 188
pennata (Psath.) 223
perbrevis (Ino.) 153
Percevali (Stro.) 208
percomis (Cort.) 179
perforans (Mar.) 61
pergamena (Cli.) 84
pergamenus (Lac.) 66
periscelis (Cort.) 195
perlata (Ino.) 152
permixta (Lepi.) 8
peronatus (Agar.) 204
peronatus (Mar.) 56
perpusillus (Pleu.) 105
perrera (Agar.) 206
persicinum (Trich.) 28
persicinus (Hyg.) 72
personatum (Trich.) 26
Persoonii (Aman.) 6
pertinax (Psil.) 224
pes-caprae (Trich.) 25
pessundatum (Trich.) 18
petaloides (Pleu.) 102
Peteauxii (Claud.) 138
Peteauxii (Crep.) 202
petiginosum (Heb.) 161
pezizoides (Crep.) 202
phaeoeephala (Ino.) 152
phaeophyllus (Cort.) 199
phaeopodia (Col.) 49
phaeosporus (Copr.) 232
phalenarum (Paneo.) 217
phalerata (Phol.) 145
phalliodorus (Col.) 55
phalloides (Aman.) 3
Phillipsii (Crep.) 202
philonitis (Omp.) 93
phlebophorus (Plut.) 123
phoenicea (Arm.) 14
Phoenix (Pilo.) 208
phoenix (Psil.) 227
pholideus (Cort.) 187
Pholiota 141

phragmatophylla (Phol.) 142
phrygianus (Cort.) 187
phyllophila (Cli.) 82
phyllophilus (Copr.) 240
physaloides (Psil.) 226
picaceus (Copr.) 232
picea (Nol.) 130
picinus (Lac.) 69

picrea (Flam.) 176
picta (Omp.) 96
Pilosace 208
pilosus (Copr.) 233
pilulaeforme (Hyp.) 216
pinastri (Lenz.) 117
pinetorum (Arm.) 17
pingua (Lepi.) 14
pinsitus (Pleu.) 103
piperatus (Lac.) 66
pisciodora (Nol.) 129
pithyophila (Cli.) 82
pityria (Gal.) 170
pityrodes (Nau.) 168
placenta (Ent.) 124
placida (Lep.) 131
plancus (Mar.) 57
planipes (Col.) 53
planus (Pleu.) 102
platyphylla (Col.) 47
platypus (Copr.) 234
plautus (Plut.) 122
pleopodia (Nol.) 130
pleurotoides (Arm.) 16
Pleurotus 98
plexipes (Col.) 55
plicatilis (Copr.) 239
plicatocrenata (Myc.) 45
plicosa (Myc.) 42
plumbea (Myc.) 43
plumbeus (Lac.) 68
plumbosus (Cort.) 198
plumiger (Cort.) 192
plumipes (Col.) 53
plumosa (Ino.) 149
pluteoides (Ent.) 127
Pluteolus 146
Pluteus 120
pluvius (Cort.) 185
polita (Ecc.) 136
polius (Cli.) 80
polyadelpha (Omp.) 97
polycephalus (Can.) 108
polygramma (Myc.) 40
polyphyllum (Trich.) 20
polysticta (Lepi.) 13
pometi (Pleu.) 100
popinalis (Clitop.) 135
Porinae (Lac.) 69
porphyria (Aman.) 4
porphyrophaeum (Ent.) 124
porphyropus (Cort.) 182

Index.

267

porreus (Mar.) 56
porrigens (Pleu.) 103
porriginosa (Nau.) 166
portentosum (Trich.) 17
Postii (Omp.) 92
praecox (Ent.) 128
praecox (Phol.) 142
praegnans (Copr.) 230
praenitens (Agar.) 204
praestans (Cort.) 185
praetervisa (Ino.) 152
praetoria (Amtop.) 6
prasinus (Cort.) 181
prasiosmus (Mar.) 57
pratensis (Agar.) 205
pratensis (Hyg.) 74
Prescottii (Hyp.) 214
privignus (Cort.) 197
proboscideus (Crep.) 203
procera (Lepi.) 7
prominens (Lepi.) 8
proletaria (Nol.) 128
prolifera (Myc.) 40
prolixa (Col.) 48
prona (Psath'lla) 220
properatus (Pleu.) 99
protracta (Col.) 55
proxima (Cli.) 91
proximella (Ino.) 153
pruinata (Myc.) 40
pruinosa (Cli.) 88
prunuloides (Ent.) 124
prunulus (Clitop.) 134
psammicola (Myc.) 42
psammocephalus (Cort.) 195
psammopodium (Trich.) 20
Psathyra 221
PsathyreUa 218
psathyroides (Col.) 52
pseudoandrosacea (Omp.) 95
pseudoorcella (Clitop.) 134
pseudoplicatilis (Copr.) 237
pseudopura (Myc.) 38
Psilocybe 224
psilocyboides (Omp.) 96
psittacinus (Hyg.) 79
pterigena (Myc.) 46
pubescens (Gal.) 169
pubescens (Lac.) 66
pudens (Panus) 115
pudens (Pleu.) 105
pudica (Phol.) 142

pudorinus (Hyg.) 71
puellaris (Rus.) 31
puellula (Cli.) 82
puUa (Cli.) 85
pulla (Col.) 49
pullata (Myc.) 42
pulmonariellus (Pleu.) 102
pulmonarius (Pleu.) 102
pulverulentus (Scop.) Ill
pulvinatus (Pleu.) 101
pumila (Phol.) 146
punctata (Eus.) 31
punctatum (Heb.) 158
punctatus (Cort.) 194
punctulata (Stro.) 211
punctulatum (Hyp.) 215
punicella (Myc.) 38
puniceus (Hyg.) 78
pura (Myc.) 38
purifluus (Bolb.) 148
purpurascens (Cort.) 180
purpurascens (Hyg.) 71
purpurata (Flam.) 177
purpurea (Eus.) 36
purpureophyllus (Cort.) 243
pusillus (Bolb.) 148
pusio (Ino.) 156
pusiola (Nau.) 164
pustulatus (Hyg.) 73
putidum (Trich.) 29
putilla (Ino.) 154
putillus (Mar.) 58
putrigenus (Crep.) 201
pygmaea (Nau.) 163
pygmaeo-affinis (Gal.) 169
pyramidalis (Mar.) 57
pyrenaeus (Copr.) 230
pyrenaica (Lep.) 133
pyreniacum (Ent.) 124
pyriodora (Ino.) 149
pyrogalus (Lac.) 69
pyrotrichum (Hyp.) 214
pyxidata (Omp.) 92

quadricolor (Cort.) 192
Queletii (Cli.) 88
Queletii (Copr.) 235
Queletii (Heb.) 160
Queletii (Hyg.) 72
Queletii (Lent.) Ill
Queletii (Lenz.) 117
Queletii (Lep.) 134

Index.

Queletii (Mar.) 57
Queletii (Paneo.) 218
Queletii (Bus.) 36
quietus (Lac.) 64
quinquepartitum (Trieh.) 17
quisquilaris (Ent.) 124

rabenhorstii (Gal.) 169
racemosa (Col.) 51
rachodes (Lepi.) 7
radians (Copr.) 236
radiatus (Copr.) 238
radicata (Col.) 47
radicellata (Cli.) 89
radicellata (Phol.) 142
radicosa (Phol.) 142
raeborhiza (Myc.) 40
Ealfsii (Crep.) 202
ramealis (Mar.) 59
ramentacea (Arm.) 15
ramosa (Col.) 49
ramosus (Can.) 108
rancida (Col.) 54
rapaceus (Cort.) 179
raphanicum (Trich.) 26
raphanoides (Cort.) 190
rapidus (Copr.) 240
rasile (Trich.) 29
ravida (Gal.) 170
ravida (Bus.) 30
reclina (Omp.) 96
recubans (Mar.) 62
reducta (Nau.) 166
Beedii (Cort.) 199
regia (Vol.) 119
Eeichardtii (Lenz.) 117
relicina (Ino.) 148
remotus (Paneo.) 217
Benati (Myc.) 38
renidens (Cort.) 198
reniformis (Pleu.) 102
Benneyi (Ino.) 156
repandum (Ent.) 124
replexus (Can.) 108
resimus (Lac.) 62
resinaceus (Lent.) 112
resplendens (Trich.) 17
resuturn (Ent.) 126
reticulatus (Pluteo.) 146
retigera (Col.) 53
retirugis (Paneo.) 217
retirugus (Can.) 109

retisporus (Lac.) 63
retosta (Omp.) 95
revolutus (Pax.) 140
revolutus (Pleu.) 101
rhadigiosa (Arm.) 16
rhodella (Col.) 52
rhodiola (Ino.) 150
rhodocylix (Ecc.) 137
rhodoleuca (Cli.) 86
rhodomela (Vol.) 119
rhodopolium (Ent.) 127
rhytipes (Rus.) 34
riculatus (Cort.) 188
Biederi (Cort.) 178
rigens (Cort.) 199
rigidata (Cli.) 82
rigidus (Cort.) 196
rimosa (Ino.) 153
rimulincola (Nau.) 163
rimulosa (Schulz.) 241
ringens (Panus) 115
rivulorum (Pleu.) 104
rivulosa (Cli.) 82 .
rivulosus (Bolb.) 148
Boberti (Plut.) 122
robusta (Ann.) 14
romanus (Xer.) 116
rorida (Myc.) 46
roris (Copr.) 233
rorulenta (Lepi.) 11
rosacea (Bus.) 36
rosella (Myc.) 37
roseoalbus (Plut.) 123
roseocinereus (Pleu.) 101
roseola (Aman.) 4
roseolus (Pleu.) 103
roseotinctus (Copr.) 229
Bostrupianus (Copr.) 232
rotula (Mar.) 60
Bozei (Ent.) 126
rubella (Myc.) 38
rubelluin (Ent.) 125
rubellus (Agar.) 207
rubellus (Cort.) 193
rubescens (Aman.) 4
rubescens (Hyg.) 71
rubescens (Lac.) 68
rubi (Crep.) 202
rubida (Nol.) 131
rubiginosa (Gal.) 170
rubra (Bus.) 35
rubricata (Nau.) 163

Index.

rubricates (Mar.) 59
rubriceps (Chit.) 204
rubricosus (Cort.) 199
rubrocinctus (Lac. ) 65
rubromarginata (Myc.) 37
rubropunctatus (Cort.) 182
rubrum (Heb.) 158
rudis (Panus) 114
rufescens (Can.) 106
rufidula (Phol.) 146
rufoalba (Ino.) 150
rufocarnea (Nol.) 129
rufoolivaceus (Cort.) 181
rufus (Lac.) 67
rugosa (Myc.) 40
russiophyllus (Agar.) 207
russocoriaceus (Hyg.) 75
Russula 29
russula (Trich.) 19
russus (Cort.) 179
rustica (Omp.) 93
rusticoides (Ecc.) 137
rutaceus (Lac.) 70
Ruthae (Pleu.) 99
rutilans (Trich.) 19

Saccardianus (Pleu.) 101
saccharifera (Myc.) 46
saccharinus (Mar.) 62
sacchariolens (Nau.) 160
Sadleri (Cli.) 91
saevum (Trich.) 26
sagatus (Agar.) 207
saginus (Cort.) 179
Sahleri (Gal.) 171
Salero (Trich.) 18
salicinus (Plut.) 121
salignus (Pleu.) 101
salor (Cort.) 184
sambucina (Ino.) 154
sandicina (Cli.) 91
sangifluus (Lac.) 64
sanguinarius (Agar.) 206
sanguinea (Rus.) 36
sanguineus (Cort.) 189
sanguinolenta (Myc.) 45
saniosus (Cort.) 200
sapidus (Pleu.) 100
sapinea (Flam.) 175
saponaceum (Trich.) 21
sarcita (Lep.) 134
sarcocephala (Psil.) 224

sardonia (Bus.) 36
sarnicus (Clitop.) 135
saturninus (Cort.) 197
Saundersii (Ent.) 125
saxatilis (Mar.) 58
scabella (Ino.) 155
scaber (Ino.) 149
scabiosum (Ent.) 126
scabrosa (Lep.) 133
scalaris (Crep.) 201
scalpturatum (Trich.) 20
scamba (Flam.) 176
scandens (Cort.) 200
scauroides (Copr.) 230
scaurus (Cort.) 181
sceptrum (Copr.) 239
schista (Ino.) 151
Schizophyllum 118
schizopus (Mar.) 60
schizoxylon (Omp.) 95
Schroteri (Copr.) 240
Schultzii (Panus) 115
Schulzeri (Hyg.) 79
Schulzeri (Lepi.) 12
Schulzeri (Psath.) 223
Schulzeria 119, 241
Schumacheri (Trich.) 25
Schurii (Panus) 114
sciophanus (Hyg.) 77
sciophyllus (Cort.) 198
sciopoda (Omp.) 94
scitula (Anel.) 212
sclerotipes (Mar.) 61
scobicola (Psil.) 225
scobinacea (Stro.) 211
scobinella (Amtop.) 6
scolecina (Nau.) 164
scorodonius (Mar.) 58
scorpioides (Nau.) 166
scorteus (Mar.) 57
Scoticus (Lac.) 66
scoticus (Lent.) 113
scrobiculatus (Lac.) 62
scruposa (Arm.) 15
scutellinus (Crep.) 203
scutulatus (Cort.) 192
scyphiformis (Omp.) 93
scyphoides (Omp.) 92
sebaceus (Cort.) 178
Secretani (Hyg.) 72
Secretani (Phol.) 141
segestria (Nau.) 167

270

Index.

sejunctum (Trich.) 17

semibulbosus (Plut.) 123

semicrema (Bus.) 31

semiflexa (Nau.) 163

semiglobata (Stro.) 210

semiinfundibuliformis (Pleu.) 102

semilanceata (Psil.) 226

seminuda (Lepi.) 13

semiorbicularis (Nau.) 165

semistriatus (Copr.) 239

semitalis (Col.) 47

semivestita (Psath.) 223

semotus (Agar.) 207

senescens (Heb.) 157

senilis (Cli.) 87

separata (Anel.) 212

sepiaria (Lenz.) 116

septentrionalis (Lenz.) 117

septentrionalis (Schulz.) 241

septicus (Pleu.) 103

eerarius (Cort.) 182

serena (Lepi.) 13

sericellum (Ent.) 126

sericeum (Ent.) 127

serifluus (Lac.) 64

serotina (Bus.) 35

serotinus (Pleu.) 102

serpentina (Col.) 48

serrulata (Lep.) 132

setiger (Agar.) 207

setipes (Omp.) 96

setosa (Myc.) 47

Seynii (Myc.) 38

Severinii (Pleu.) 103

siccipes (Stro.) 210

sideroides (Nau.) 164

silaceum (Hyp.) 213

siliginea (Gal.) 169

silvanus (Pleu.) 104

silvaticus (Agar.) 206

similis (Copr.) 233

simillima (Myc.) 40

simulans (Psil.) 227

sinapizans (Heb.) 159

sindonia (Ino.) 155

sinopica (Cli.) 85

sinuatum (Ent.) 124

sinuosum (Heb.) 157

siparia (Nau.) 167

sistrata (Lepi.) 13

sitaneus (Lent.) Ill

emaragdina (Bus.) 32

Smithii (Clitop.) 136
Sobolewski (Col.) 50
soboliferus (Copr.) 230
sobria (Nau.) 167
socialis (Cli.) 81
sociatus (Copr.) 237
solitaria (Aman.) 5
solitaria (Psath.) 222
solstitialis (Copr.) 228
solstitialis (Lep.) 132
solstitialis (Nau.) 163
sorbina (Lenz.) 117
sordarius (Pax.) 139
sordidum (Trich.) 28
sororia (Phol.) 146
sororiata (Plut.) 121
spadicea (Psil.) 227
spadiceo-grisea (Psath.) 222
spadiceus (Cort.) 178
spadiceus (Hyg.) 79
spartea (Gal.) 169
spathulatus (Can.) 108
speciosa (Vol.) 119
spectabilis (Phol.) 144
speculum (Ent.) 128
Spegazzinii (Copr.) 234
speira (Myc.) 44
spermaticum (Trich.) 18
sphagnicola (Omp.) 93
sphaleromorpha (Phol.) 142
sphinctrinus (Paneo.) 217
spicula (Gal.) 169
spilomeus (Cort.) 189
spilopus (Plut.) 122
spintrigera (Stro.) 212
spinulosa (Cli.) 86
spinulosus (Lac.) 69
spissa (Aman.) 5
splachnoides (Mar.) 61
splendens (Cli.) 86
spodoleucus (Mar.) 62
spodoleucus (Pleu.) 100
spoliatum (Heb.) 161
spongiosus (Pleu.) 98
Spraguei (Copr.) 234
spumosa (Flam.) 174
squalens (Psil.) 227
squalidus (Hyg.) 79
squalidus (Lac.) 65
squamea (Arm.) 15
squamifera (Psath'lla) 219
squamigera (Schulz.) 241

Index.

271

squamosa (Psath.) 224
squamosa (Stro.) 210
squamosus (Copr.) 231
squamulosa (Cli.) 85
squamulosa (Stro.) 209
squarrosa (Phol.) 143
squarrulosa (Ino.) 149
squarrulosum (Trich.) 21
stabilis (Flam.) 175
stagnina (Tub.) 171
stannea (Myc.) 43
stans (Trich.) 18
Staringii (Pleu.) 101
staurospora (Nol.) 130
stellaris (Copr.) 237
stellata (Omp.) 95
stemmatus (Cort.) 196
stenocoleus (Copr.) 229
stercoraria (Stro.) 210
stercorarius (Copr.) 236
sterile (Heb.) 161
sterquilinus (Copr.) 228
Stevensoni (Can.) 108
Stevensoni (Col.) 52
Stevensonii (Panus) 115
stictica (Nau.) 164
stilbocephalus (Clitop.) 136
stillatitius (Cort.) 185
stiparophyllum (Trich.) 23
stipitaria (Col.) 50
stipticus (Panus) 115
stipularis (Myc.) 47
stiriacus (Crep.) 201
Stocseki (Heb.) 160
storea (Hyp.) 214
straminella (Lepi.) 12
straminipes (Clitop.) 136
strangulata (Amtop.) 6
streptopus (Hyg.) 76
striaepes (Nau.) 165
striaepileus (Amp.) 92
striatulus (Pleu.) 105
stricta (Psath.) 222
strictipes (Trich.) 28
stridula (Col.) 49
strigiceps (Ino.) 157
strobiliformis (Aman.) 6
strobiliformis (Lepi.) 11
strobilina (Myc.) 37
Stropharia 208
strophosum (Heb.) 159
Strossmayeri (Copr.) 235

strumosa (Col.) 49
Studeriana (Flam.) 176
stylobates (Myc.) 46
suaveolens (Cli.) 88
suavis (Nau.) 167
suavissimis (Lent.) 113
subalutacea (Cli.) 81
subannulatus (Mar.) 56
subatomata (Psath'lla) 220
subatrata (Psath'lla) 218
subbalteatus (Paneo.) 218
subcava (Arm.) 16
subcoeruleo-griseus (Copr.) 233
subcollariatum (Heb.) 159
subdecastes (Cli.) 83
subdenticulatus (Can.) 106
subdulcis (Lac.) 68
subericaea (Psil.) 225
suberosus (Hyg.) 75
subferrugineus (Cort.) 197
subfirmus (Paneo.) 217
subgibbosus (Agar.) 208
subglobosa (Nol.) 130
subglobosa (Nau.) 162
subgranulosa (Ino.) 154
subintiger (Crep.) 202
subinvoluta (Cli.) 86
sublanatus (Cort.) 187
sublateritium (Hyp.) 213
sublentum (Hyp.) 216
eubliquescens (Psath.) 222
sublutea (Phol.) 145
subnotatus (Cort.) 190
subnuda (Psath.) 223
subpalmatus (Pleu.) 99
subpapillatum (Hyp.) 216
subplicatus (Pleu.) 105
subplicosa (Myc.) 42
subpulverulentum (Trich.) 28
subpurpurascens (Hyg.) 71
subradiatus (Hyg.) 76
subrimosa (Ino.) 156
subrosea (Psath'lla) 220
subrubens (Ent.) 126
subrufulus (Pleu.) 102
subsaponaceum (Heb.) 159
subsimilis (Cort.) 183
subsquarrosa (Phol.) 144
subtemulenta (Nau.) 166
subtilis (Psath'lla) 221
subtortum (Heb.) 158
subtortus (Cort.) 243

272

Index.

Bubumbonatus (Lac.) 65
subviscifera (Clito.) 242
subzonatum (Heb.) 161
succinea (Col.) 52
Budora (Myc.) 40
sudum (Trich.) 22
Buffrutescens (Lent.) 112
suillus (Cort.) 187
sulcata (Psath'lla) 220
sulcata (Stro.) 211
sulcato-crenatus (Copr.) 2
sulcatula (Stro.) 211
sulcatus (Hyg.) 77
sulfurinus (Cort.) 181
sulphureum (Trich.) 23
supina (Myc.) 44
suratus (Cort.) 184
sylvestre (Hyp.) 215
Syrjense (Heb.) 159
syrjensis (Hyg.) 78

tabacella (Nau.) 165
tabacina (Nau.) 165
tabescens (Cli.) 83
tabescens (Coll.) 83
tabidus (Lac.) 70
tabularis (Cort.) 188
talus (Cort.) 180
Tamii (Flam.) 173
tardus (Copr.) 238
Tavastense (Stro.) 209
Tavastensis (Nau.) 166
Taylori (Vol.) 119
tegularis (Psil.) 226
telmatiaea (Omp.) 93
temperata (Vol.) 120
temulenta (Nau.) 166
tenacella (Col.) 52
tenax (Nau.) 166
tenebrosa (Ino.) 151
tenella (Arrh.) 110
tenella (Myc.) 44
tener (Bolb.) 148
tenera (Gal.) 168
tenerrima (Myc.) 46
tenuiceps (Trich.) 21
tenuicula (Psath.) 222
tenuiculus (Plut.) 123
tenuis (Myc.) 43
tenuis (Panus) 115
tenuissima (Gal.) 170
tephroleucus (Hyg.) 74

terginus (Mar.) 57
tergiversans (Copr.) 231
Terrei (Lac.) 68
terreum (Trich.) 21
terrigena (Phol.) 141
tersa (Phol.) 145
tesquorum (Col.) 55
tessulatus (Pleu.) 98
testaceocanescens (Cort.) 191
testaceum (Heb.) 158
testaceus (Cort.) 181
theiodes (Vol.) 119
theiogalus (Lac.) 62
thelephora (Col.) 52
Thomsoni (Ent.) 126
tigrinellus (Copr.) 234
tigrinum (Trich.) 24
tigrinus (Lent.) Ill
tintinabulum (Myc.) 41
tithymalinus (Lac.) 68
titubans (Bolb.) 147
togularis (Phol.) 141
tomentella (Ino.) 155
tomentellus (Lent.) 113
tomentosus (Copr.) 232
tomentosus (Lac.) 65
tophaceus (Cort.) 186
torrninosus (Lac.) 66
tornata (Cli.) 82
torpens (Psath.) 221
torquatus (Mar.) 60
torquescens (Mar.) 58
tortipes (Ent.) 126
tortuosum (Heb.) 161
tortuosus (Cort.) 197
torulosus (Panus) 114
torvus (Cort.) 192
trabea (Lenz.) 116
trachelina (Myc.) 46
traganus (Cort.) 186
transilvanica (Ann.) 120
translucens (Claud.) 137
transversum (Hyp.) 213
Trappenii (Copr.) 229
trechispora (Ino.) 157
tremens (Pleu.) 104
tremulus (Pleu.) 103
trepida (Psath'lla) 219
trichocephala (Phol.) 145
Tricholoma 17
tricholoma (Ino.) 157
tricolor (Lenz.) 116

Index.

273

tricolor (Omp.) 94
triformis (Cort.) 195
Trinii (Ino.) 154
triscopoda (Nau.) 165
triste (Trich.) 21
tristis (Ecc.) 137
triumphans (Cort.) 177
trivialis (Ino.) 150
trivialis (Lac.) 67
trochila (Col.) 50
Trogia 117
Trogii (Cli.) 82
trullaeformis (Cli.) 85
tnmcatum (Heb.) 160
truncorum (Copr.) 236
tuba (Cli.) 87
tubaeformis (Can.) 107
Tubaria 171
tuberculata (Lepi.) 12
tuberculosa (Phol.) 145
tuberosa (Col.) 51
tuberosus (Copr.) 235
tumescens (Arm.) 16
tumidum (Trich.) 22
tumulosa (Cli.) 84
turbidum (Ent.) 127
turbinatus (Cort.) 180
Turci (Lep.) 132
turgidus (Cort.) 185
turmalis (Cort.) 178
turpis (Lac.) 67
Turrissi (Can.) 107
turritum (Trich.) 27
turundus (Hyg.) 77
tylicolor (Col.) 56
typhae (Psath.) 222
typhicola (Nau.) 164
tyrianthina (Cli.) 81

uda (Psil.) 225
uliginosus (Cort.) 190
ulmarius (Pleu.) 98
umbellatus (Lent.) 112
umbellifera (Omp.) 94
umbilicata (Omp.) 92
umbilicatus (Cort.) 197
umbonatus (Can.) 107
umbratica (Ino.) 155
umbratila (Omp.) 96
umbrina (Ino.) 153
umbrinellus (Plut.) 123
umbrinus (Copr.) 229

M. F.

umbrinus (Lac.) 67
umbrosus (Plut.) 121
undatus (Clitop.) 135
undulosa (Nau.) 165
unguentatum (Trich.) 20
unguicularis (Pleu.) 104
unguinosus (Hyg.) 79
unicolor (Phol.) 146
unimodus (Cort.) 199
uraceus (Cort.) 198
urania (Myc.) 43
urbicus (Cort.) 191
urbum (Trich.) 28
urceolata (Amtop.) 6
urens (Mar.) 56
urnula (Panus) 114
ursinus (Lent.) 113
urticaecola (Psath.) 224
ustale (Trich.) 18
utilis (Lac.) 69
uvidus (Lac.) 63

vaccinum (Trich.) 20
vaginata (Amtop.) 6
Vaillantii (Mar.) 59
valgus (Cort.) 190
valida (Aman.) 5
vaporarius (Panus) 114
variabilis (Claud.) 137
varicosus (Mar.) 57
various (Copr.) 232
variegata (Lenz.) 116
variegatum (Trich.) 19
variegatus (Cort.) 180
variicolor (Cort.) 178
varius (Cort.) 178
vatricosa (Ino.) 157
velaris (Copr.) 240
velatus (Copr.) 232
vellereus (Lac.) 66
velox (Copr.) 237
veluticeps (Col.) 47

velutina (Omp.) 94
(Hyp.) 2
velutinus (Hyg.) 74

velutinum

) 215

velutipes (Col.) 50
veneris (Cli.) 81
venetus (Cort.) 191
venosum (Ent.) 128
ventosa (Omp.) 91
ventricosa (Col.) 52
ventricosa (Stro.) 209

18

274

Index.

ventricosus (Hyg.) 75
venusta (Lepi.) 12
venustissima (Cli.) 81
venustula (Myc.) 37
verecunda (Nol.) 130
vermicularis (Cli.) 87
vernalis (Aman.) 4
vernicosa (Cli.) 81
verpoides (Nyc.) 110
verrucipes (Arm.) 16
versatilis (Nol.) 128
versicolor (Stro.) 208
versipelle (Heb.) 158
vertiruga (Col.) 50
vervacti (Nau.) 165
vesca (Bus.) 33
vespertinus (Cort.) 243
vestita (Tub.) 171
vesuviana (Omp.) 92
veternosa (Bus.) 35
vibecina (Cli.) 88
vibratilis (Cort.) 185
vicina (Psil.) 228
vietus (Lac.) 64
vignolius (Hyg.) 73
vilis (Cli.) 82
vilis (Clitop.) 135
villosa (Phol.) 144
violaceafusca (Ino.) 150
violaceo-atrum (Hyp.) 216
violaceofulvus (Panus) 115
violaceonitens (Trich.) 27
violarius (Plut.) 121
violascens (Heb.) 159
violascens (Ino.) 149
violascens (Lac.) 63
vinacea (Nol.) 129
vinosa (Flam.) 173
vinosus (Cort.) 187
viperina (Vol.) 120
virescens (Psil.) 225
virescens (Bus.) 33
virgatum (Trich.) 22
virginea (Bus.) 31
virgineus (Hyg.) 75
viridans (Ent.) 125
viridifluens (Nol.) 130
viridimarginata (Myc.) 37

viridis (Lac.) 70
virosa (Aman.) 3
viscidula (Tub.) 172
viscidus (Gomp.) 212
viscosus (Cort.) 186
vitellina (Bus.) 29
vitellinopes (Cort.) 179
vitellinus (Bolb.) 147
vitellinus (Hyg.) 77
vitilis (Myc.) 44
vitrea (Myc.) 43
Vittadinii (Lepi.) 11
fattaeformis (Gal.) 169
Viviani (Arm.) 16
volemus (Lac.) 64
volvacea (Vol.) 119
volvaceo-minimus (Copr.) 229
Volvaria 119
vopiscus (Nyc.) 110
vulgaris (Myc.) 45
vulpecula (Cli.) 81
vulpinus (Lent.) 113

Weislandri (Nau.) 167
Whitei (Ino.) 157
Worthingtoni (Stro.) 210
Wynnei (Ent.) 127
Wynnei (Mar.) 58
Wynniae (Hiat.) 14
Wynniae (Hyg.) 78

xanthodermus (Agar.) 205
xanthogramma (Ann.) 120
xanthophaea (Bus.) 30
xanthophylla (Cli.) 90
xanthopoda (Col.) 52
xerampelina (Bus.) 29
xerotoides (Mar.) 59
Xerotus 116
xylophila (Col.) 49

zahlbruckneri (Claud.) 138
zephira (Myc.) 38
zinziberatus (Cort.) 198
zizyphana (Cli.) 87
zonarius (Agar.) 207
zonarius (Lac.) 67
zygophylla (Cli.) 89

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