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By permission of Currier & Ives.
LADY SUFFOLK:
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 515
coming off victorious from both in each match of three events. In
1851 she was only moderately successful. In 1852 she trotted
twelve races, and won but once, and in 1853 she appeared twice,
but was defeated in both races. She died at Bridgeport, Vt.,
on March 7th, 1855. ‘Trotting indiscriminately races of five,
four, three, two and one-mile heats, in season and out of season,
wretchedly managed and driven, no distance seemed too long for
her, nor any exertion too great. An honester, gamer, tougher
beast never trod the earth; nothing ever daunted her noble spirit ;
she never flinched or sulked, and would come up at the judge’s
signal for the last heat with the same determination to do or die as
at the first, and had she been more judiciously handled, would have
won far more victories than stand to her credit. She was six-
teen years on the turf, and trotted in one hundred and sixty-one
races, Winning eighty-eight, and winning for her owner in purses
alone $35,000, at a time when large purses were the exception.
In the decade ending in 1853, the principal horses on the turf
were Dutchman, Confidence, Ripton, Lady Suffolk, Americus,
Moscow, Long Island Black Hawk, Lady Jane, Duchess, Lady
Moscow, Lady Sutton, Lady Brooks, Lady Franklin, Lady Litch-
field, Lady Collins, Jack Rossiter, St. Lawrence, Beppo, Washing-
ton, Independence, Pelham, Zachary Taylor, Mac, and Tacony.
It is curious to note the aristocratic names of the performers, the
term Lady being almost synonymous with mare.
The following lively sketches from Murray’s “Lands of the
Slave and the Free” give a fair idea of the condition of the
American Trotting Turf as it then appeared to English eyes. If
the gallant Captain could revisit our shores now he would find a
vast improvement, not only in the time record, but in all the sur-
roundings as well.
Description oF A Lona Istanp Trotrrine-Matcnu.—‘ The
race-course is a two-mile distance, perfectly level, on a smooth and
stoneless road, and forming a complete circle. Light trotting-
wagons are driving about in the centre, taking it easy at sixteen
miles an hour; outside are groups of ‘ rowdies’ making their books,
‘and looking out for greenhorns, an article not so readily found at
Long Island as at Epsom. The race is to be ‘ under the saddle,’
and the long list of competitors which had been announced has
dwindled down to the old and far-famed Lady Suffolk and the
young and unfamed Tacony. A stir among the ‘rowdies’ is seen,
followed by the appearance of Lady Suffolk. I gazed in wonder as
I saw her—a small pony-looking animal, moving her legs as though
they were in splints, and as if.six miles an hour were far beyond
her powers. Soon after Tacony came forward, the picture of a
good bony post-horse, destitute of any beauty, but looking full of
516 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
good stuff. The riders have no distinctive dress; a pair of Wel-
lington boots are pulled on outside the trousers ; sharp spurs are on
the heels—rough-and-ready looking prads these. The winning post
is opposite the stand; the umpire is there with a deal board in his
hand; a whack on the side of the stand, ‘summons to horse ;’ and
another, ‘summons to start.’ The start is from the distance-post,
so as to let the horses get into the full swing of their pace by the
time they reach the winning-post, when, if they are fairly up to-
gether, the ery ‘off’ is given; if it be not given they try again.
When speaking of the time in which the mile is completed, the fact
of its commencing at full speed should always be borne in mind.
Sometimes false starts are made by one party, on purpose to try and
irritate the temper of the adversary’s horse; and, in the same way,
if a man feels he has full command of his own horse, he will yell
like a wild Indian, as he nears his adversary, to make him ‘ break
up,’ or go into a gallop; and, as they are all trained to speed more
by voice than by spur, he very often succeeds, and of course the
adversary loses much ground by pulling up into a trot again. On
the present occasion there was no false start; the echo of the
second whack was still in the ear as they reached the winning-post
neck-and-neck. ‘Off’ was the word, and away they went. It
certainly was marvellous to see how dear old Lady Suffolk and her
stiff legs flew round the course; one might have fancied she had
been fed on lightning, so quick did she move them, but with won-
derfully short steps. Tack, on the contrary, looked as if he had
been dieted on India-rubber balls. Every time he raised a hind-
leg it seemed to shoot to his own length ahead of himself; if he
could have made his steps as quick as the old Lady, he might have
done a mile in a minute nearly. Presently Tacony breaks up, and
ere he pulls into a trot a long gap is left; shouts of ‘ Lady Suffolk!
Lady Suffolk wins!’ rend the air; a few seconds more and the
giant strides of Tacony lessen the gap at every step; they reach the
distance-post neck-and-neck : ‘Tacony wins!’ is the ery; and true
enough it is, by a length. Young blood beats old blood; India-
rubber balls ‘ whip’ lightning. Time,5m. The usual excitement
and disputes follow; the usual time elapses, whack number one is
heard—all ready—whack number two; on they come; snaffle-
bridles—pulling at their horses’ mouths as though they would pull
the bit right through to the tips of their tails. ‘Off! is the ery;
away they go again. ‘Tacony breaks up; again a gap, which huge
strides speedily close up again—Tacony wins. Time, 5 m. 5 s.”
In another part of his travels in America, the same gentleman
alludes to another locality :—‘‘ The race-course at Philadelphia is a
road on a perfect level, and a circle of one mile; every stone is
carefully removed, and it looks as smooth and clean as a swept
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 517
floor. The stand commands a perfect view of the course, but its
neglected appearance shows clearly that trotting-matches here are
not as fashionable as they used to be, though far better attended
than at New York. Upon the present occasion the excitement was
intense; you could detect it even in the increased vigor with which
the smoking and spitting were carried on. An antagonist had been
found bold enough to measure speed with ‘Mac’—the great Mac,
who, while ‘ whipping creation,’ was also said never to have let out
his full speed. He was thoroughbred, about 152 hands, and
lighter built than my rawboned friend Tacony, and he had lately
been sold for 16007. So sure did people, apparently, feel of Mac’s
easy victory, that even betting was out of the question. Unlike
the Long Island affeir, the riders appeared in jockey attire, and the
whole thing was far better got up. Ladies, however, had long
ceased to grace such scenes. Various false starts were made, all
on the part of Mac, who, trusting to the bottom of blood, apparently
endeavored to ruffie Tacony’s temper, and weary him out a little.
How futile were the efforts the sequel plainly showed. At length
a start was effected and away they went, Tacony with his hind legs
as far apart as the centre arch of Westminster Bridge, and with
strides that would almost clear the Bridgewater canal. Mac’s rider
soon found that in trying to ginger Tacony’s temper he had pep-
pered his own horse’s, for he broke up into a gallop twice. Old
Tacony and his rider had evidently got intimate since I had seen
them at New York, and they now thoroughly understood each
other. On he went with giant strides; Mac fought bravely for the
van, but could not get his nose beyond Tacony’s saddle-girth at the
winning-post. Time, 2m. 253s. Then followed the usual race-
course accompaniments of cheers, squabbles, growling, laughing,
betting, drinking, &c. The public were not convinced; Mac was
still the favorite; the champion chaplet was not thus hastily to be
plucked from his hitherto victorious brow. Half an hour’s rest
brought them again to the starting-post, when Mac repeated his
old tactics, and with similar bad success. Nothing could rufile
Tacony, or produce one false step; he flew round the course, every
stride like the ricochet of a 32-lb. shot. His adversary broke up
again and again, losing both his temper and his place, and barely
saved his distance as the gallant Tacony, his rider with a slack rein
and patting him on the neck, reached the winning-post. Time,
2m. 253s. The shouts were long and loud; such time had never
been made before by fair trotting, and Tacony evidently could have
done it in two if not three seconds less. The fastest pacing ever
accomplished before was 2 m. 172 s.; and the fastest trotting, 2 m.
26s. The triumph was complete, Tacony nobly won the victorious
garland; and as long as he and his rider go together, it will take,
518 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
if not a rum ’un to look at, at all events a d—1 to go, ere he be
forced to resign his championship.”
The clever Englishman is too enthusiastic in his estimate of
Tacony. He was indeed a good horse, but capable judges of their
respective merits esteem Mac the better of the two. The latter’s
day was indeed a short one, but his triumphs were neither few nor
far between, and were achieved over the most famous trotters of
that day, Flora Temple alone excepted. Hiram Woodruff in his
“Trotting Horse of America” says, ‘‘ They were very close together
when in condition, but Mac had a little the best of the roan, in my
judgment, until he was injured by over-driving and got ‘the
thumps.’ ”’
_ One of the stoutest and best branches of the trotting family is
the Bashaw, which takes its name from Grand Bashaw, who was
imported from Tripoli in 1820, and stood in Bucks county, near
Philadelphia. His son, Young Bashaw, out of Fancy, a daughter
of old Messenger, is the real founder of the family which can boast
of Andrew Jackson, and his sons, Kemble Jackson and Long Island
Black Hawk, Lantern, Awful, John H., Cozette, Henry Clay,
George M. Patchen, and Hopeful. Of these, Kemble Jackson was
a famous trotter, and had he lived would undoubtedly have taken
high rank as a long-distance trotter. He was a chestnut stallion,
with a white hind foot and very game. He commenced his care:r
on the Centreville Course December 12, 1850, where he was de-
feated by Washington in straight heats over a heavy track. The
next year, in April, he beat the Nelson colt in a three-mile race,
but in the fall was defeated by Black Harry, three-mile heats, to
wagon. In 1852 he trotted but one race, again three-mile heats,
and was defeated by O’Blenis. In 1853 he was again defeated,
and this time by Mountain Maid. In all these races his defeats
were caused by his habit of throwing down his head between his
knees, and breaking when he apparently had the race at his
mercy, so Hiram Woodruff, who now took him in hand, invented
the well-known Kemble Jackson rein to cure him of this habit.
On the Ist of June, at the Union Course, he was matched to
trot three-mile heats to wagon, wagon and driver to weigh 395
pounds, against O’Blenis, Boston Girl, Pet, Iola, and Honest
John. This race attracted great attention, and there was an
immense attendance of people to witness it. The contest was
mainly between the popular favorites, Kemble Jackson and
O’Blenis. The latter was by Abdallah, from whom he inherited
all the fine characteristics of the Messenger stock. All the horses
came on the ground in good condition, and were well started for
the first trial. Kemble Jackson and O’Blenis immediately drew
ahead of the others,—Kemble Jackson on the lead, which he
DVN
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 519
maintained for three miles, winning the first heat in 8 m. 3 s.
Though Kemble Jackson had won the first heat, O’ Blenis was still
the favorite, as almost every one expected to see the son of Andrew
Jackson make one of his characteristic breaks when pushed by
O’Blenis; but thanks to the efficacy of the newly-invented rein and
the careful handling of the master reinsman, Hiram Woodruff, to
the amazement of the spectators he did not make a single break,
and won the second heat and the race easily in 8 m. 42 s.; and though
the time has been frequently beaten, this is generally considered
one of the best three-mile races ever witnessed on Long Island.
His death, which occurred from a rupture a few weeks after this
event, was a great loss to the turf.
Scarcely had the star of Lady Suffolk set behind the horizon
when another star arose whose glory was to eclipse even that of the
gallant gray mare. Flora Temple was foaled in 1845 in Oneida
Co., N. Y., and made her debut in the summer of 1850, and from
that time to her forced retirement in 1861, her career was one of
almost uninterrupted victory. During her career on the turf she
trotted one hundred and eleven races, winning ninety-three, and
earning for her owners in purses and stakes the sum of $113,000.
She was a blood bay, by One-Eyed Kentucky Hunter out of
Madame Temple, who was got by a spotted horse said to be an
Arabian. She was 14% hands high, with black legs, mane and
tail, and had a peculiarly quick and nervous gait. When she was
but an hour old her breeder, Mr. Tracy, cut off her tail with his
jack-knife so short that she was for some time afterwards known as
the “ stump-tailed filly.” Mr. Tracy kept her until she was four
years old, when, finding her willful and unserviceable, he disposed of
her to Mr. William H. Congdon, of Smyrna, Chenango county, for
the sum of thirteen dollars. Mr. Congdon shortly afterwards dis-
posed of her to Kelly & Richardson for $68. After passing through
several hands, part of the time working in a livery stable, she was
sold to Mr. George H. Perrin, of New York, for $350, in whose
hands the flighty young mare became a true stepper. Her first
regular appearance on the turf was at the Union Course, L. L.,
September 9, 1850, where, a mere outsider, to the astonishment of
the turf habitués, she defeated Whitehall and three others, for the
magnificent purse of $50, in 2 m. 55 s.,2 m. 52 s., and 2 m. 49 s.,
after Whitehall had won the first heat in 2 m. 52 s. The next year,
owing to an accident, she was not in training, and in 1852 she
trotted but two races, both of which she won; but in 1853 she
entered in earnest upon her wonderful career, trotting twenty-one
races and winning seventeen of them. Her first race that year was
at the old Hunting Park Course, Philadelphia, where she was
beaten by Black Douglas, a horse of some local celebrity, but after-
520 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
wards beat him twice without much difficulty. She also beat
Highland Maid twice, Green Mountain Maid three times, Tacony
seven times, Rhode Island three times, and Lady Brooks and
Lady Vernon each once. She suffered defeat from Tacony, and
once each from Black Douglas and Green Mountain Maid. The
next year she defeated Mac, Lady Brooks, Jack Waters, and
Green Mountain Maid, and was beaten but once—by Green
Mountain Maid. In 1855, after being defeated in her opening
race by the gray mare Sontag, and then vainly endeavoring to
trot twenty miles against time, she won six races right off the reel,
defeating Lancet, Sontag, Lady Franklin, Chicago Jack, Miller’s
Damsel, Frank Ferrester, and Hero the pacer. The next two
years were principally distinguished by her contests with the slashing
black gelding Lancet, in which she carried off most of the honors,
although she also found time to meet and conquer Tacony, Chicago
Jack, Rose of Washington, Ethan Allen, and others, and reduced
her record to 2 m. 243s. In 1858 she was sold to Mr. William
McDonald, a wealthy gentleman of Baltimore, for $8000, and
during the year scored thirteen victories without a single defeat.
Her first race in 1859 was with Ethan Allen, at the Fashion
Course, to wagon. Ethan Allen was a beautiful horse, fast and
game, with faultless trotting action, but withal not a good weight
puller. With a running mate to take the weight of the wagon off
of him he could trot like a flash of light, but by himself his fastest
time is 2 m. 253s. At the stud he was a success, and his sons
and grandsons have done much to add to the fame of the Morgan
family. On this occasion Flora beat him in the quick time
of 2 m. 25 s., 2 m. 273 s., and 2m. 273s. On June 16, she met
the bay mare Princess, who had come from California with a great
reputation, especially as a long-distance trotter, but Flora beat her,
at the Hclipse Course, three-mile heats, to wagon, in 7 m. 548.,
and 7 m. 593s. In their second encounter at the same place,
twelve days later, Princess won in straight heats, in 5 m. 2 s. and
5m. 5-s., and many astute turfmen thought that the little bay
mare had met her mistress; but their third time of meeting Flora
won in the quick time for those days of 2 m. 23} 8.,2 m. 22 8.,
and 2 m. 233 s., and in the fourth encounter—a race of two-mile
heats—she likewise beat her, in the marvellous time of 4 m 502 s.
and5m.5s. These defeats settled the question of supremacy,
and conquered the spirit of the California mare, and, though they
afterwards went on a hippodroming tour through the country,
Princess never won another race from her. But Flora’s greatest
glory was to come. On October 15, 1859, at Kalamazoo, Michigan,
in a race with Princess and Honest Anse, she electrified the whole
country by trotting the third heat in 2 m. 19} s., which for eight
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 521
years stood at the head of the record, until the mighty Dexter
surpassed it at Buffalo in 1867.
After this great exploit Flora went to Cleveland, where she beat
Princess with great ease and in poor time; and at Cuyahoga Falls,
on the 28th of October, she did the same for Ike Cooke. After
the crushing defeats of poor Princess, few imagined that any horse
would be so bold as to challenge the little bay mare’s premiership.
But now the Jersey stallion George M. Patchen threw down the
gauntlet, and at the Union Course, November 21, they met in the
first of those memorable contests, the recital of which even now causes
the cheeks of the old turfman to burn with excitement. George M.
Patchen was four years her junior, being foaled in 1849, and was very
well bred, his sire being Cassius M. Clay, and his dam by a son of
Imported Trustee out of a daughter of American Eclipse. He was
a powerful brown horse, above 16 hands high, with great strength
and much bone. He was coarse about the head, and heavy in the
carcass; but, though he was what might be called a plain horse,
his points were uncommonly strong and good, and his action capital.
He had defeated such horses as Lancet, Brown Dick, Lady Wood-
ruff, Miller’s Damsel, and Pilot, and was no mean opponent even
for the little bay mare; but to make the match more open, she was
to go in harness while he went uader the saddle. The mare won
the first two heats, in 2m. 28 s. and 2m. 23 s., with the stallion close
up ineach. In the third, Flora-was first over the score, in 2 m. 24 s.,
but it was given to Patchen, because of her crossing him and run-
ning. Darkness coming on, the race was postponed, and never
trotted out. On June 6, 1850, Flora and Patchen met fér the
second time. Hiram Woodruff thus describes the race: ‘“‘ It came
off on the 6th of June, over the Union Course. The start was
even; but Flora soon made a skip, and the stallion got the lead ;
but the mare caught, and, going on with uncommon resolution,
headed him, and led a length at the quarter in 35s. On the
straight work, she drew away a little more; but the stallion now
made a great burst of speed, and she broke. At the half-mile, in
1m. 11s., he had a lead of a length, and soon increased it to two
lengths; but, upon the turn, the mare squared herself, drew up to
him, and came in to the stretch with him. The struggle home was
one of the fastest and closest, things that ever were seen. They
came on neck-and-neck at an amazing rate; and within three
strides of home it seemed to be a dead heat. McMann, at the
very last, struck Flora sharply with the whip, let go of her head,
and with one desperate effort she was first, by a throat-latch, in
2m. 21s., the best time that we had then seen on the Island.
The last half-mile had been trotted in 1m. 10 s., and was a neck-
and-neck race nearly all the way. In the second heat, Flora was
522 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
two lengths ahead at the quarter-pole; and Patchen breaking on
the back-stretch, her lead was three lengths at the half-mile. On
the lower turn he closed the daylight; and another very hard,
close struggle up the home-stretch ended in his defeat by only a
neck in 2m. 24s. Tallman made an appeal after this heat, alleging
that McMann had driven foul, by swerving out, and compelling him
to go to the extreme outside. The judges disagreed; but the ma-
jority overruled the objection. In the third heat they got off well
together. On the turn she led slightly, being on the inside, and at
the quarter, in 36 s., she led him nearly a length. He now made
a wonderful effort, and trotted one of the best quarters that I have
ever seen. He was nearly a length behind at the quarter-pole, in
36 s.; at the half-mile pole, in 1 m.10s., he led. Therefore, he
trotted this, the second quarter in the third heat, in better than
34s On the lower turn, he led two lengths. But the mare now
gathered herself up for one of her rushes, and closed with him.
Up the stretch it was again close and hot. But she had a little
the best of it, and at the very last pinch he broke. She won in
2m. 214s. I consider this the best race that Flora Temple ever
made; and as the stallion was so little behind her that the differ-
ence could not be appreciated by timing, it shows what a remarkable
and excellent horse he also was.” On the 12th of June, they
trotted two-mile heats in harness, at the Union Course, and Patchen
won in two straight heats, in 4m. 58}.s. and 4m. 573s. Two
matches were then made, to be trotted at Suffolk Park, Philadelphia,
the first, mile heats, three in five; the second, two-mile heats. The
first of them was trotted on the 4th of July, and Flora won in
2m. 224s.,2m. 213s. and 2m.3738. On the 10th of July, they
trotted the two-mile heat. Patchen won the first heat, in 4m.517s.,
and would have won the second but for the outrageous interference
of a mob, who threw clubs and hats in his face when he had the race
well in hand, and frightened him. He was then withdrawn, and
Flora declared the winner. At the Union Course, August 2, they
met again. Patchen won the first heat in 2 m. 233 s., which is
his best record, and Flora the last three, in 2 m. 223 s., 2m. 233 s.,
and 2 m. 253s. At Saugus, Mass., August 28, she beat him again,
and at the Centreville Course, September 24, she beat him two-mile
heats, in4m.55}s.and5m. After the failure of Flora to beat
Dutchman’s time, they started out upon a hippodroming tour
upon much the same principles as those which controlled in her
campaign with Princess, and with the same results: Flora taking
all the honors, and the gate-money being equally divided between
them. After the last of these exhibition trots at Corning, Octo-
ber 31, Patchen was sent to the stud, and though he afterwards
came out and fought the famous series of battles with General
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 523
Butler, he never met Flora again, and died May, 1864, leaving
a reputation of which his numerous descendants may well be
roud.
Her reputation was now so well established that it was difficult
for the mare to find any horse bold enough to contend with her;
but at length a new antagonist put in an appearance in John Mor-
gan, but in two races at the Centreville Course in June, 1861, mile
heats and two-mile heats, he was beaten in the mile race in 2 m.
24% s.,2 m. 26 s., and 2 m. 28}'s., and in the two-mile race in
4 m. 553 s. and 4 m. 524 s. Flora’s owner, Mr. McDonald,
sympathizing with the le soon after these races she was
confiscated by the government, and her trotting days were ended.
She was sold in 1864 to Mr. A. Welch, the princely owner of
Leamington and Alarm, for $8000, and at his beautiful farm at
Chestnut Hill roamed the meadows in her well-earned leisure. Her
first foal was a filly by Rysdyk, son of Rysdyk’s Hambletonian,
called Kitty Temple, who has never shown any great speed. Her
second foal was the stallion Prince Imperial, by William Welch, a
handsome, wiry little horse, full of courage and vim. Her third
and Jast foal was a filly by Imported Leamington. Flora Temple
died December 21, 1877, and was buried in the lawn at Chestnut
Hill. While I write there is on the desk before me her fore-leg
and hoof, stuffed and mounted by Krider in his most artistic style,
and though she was over thirty-two years old at the time of her
death, and had been on the turf for eleven years, trotting as few
horses ever trotted, there is not a single break or crack in the neat,
deerlike hoof; it is as sound and true as when she was foaled.
During the first years of the great Rebellion the turf languished
well nigh unto death—
for the mimic contests of the turf, when on the great battle-fields
of Virginia and Pennsylvania the fate of the nation was being
decided amid the clash of arms and the thunder of cannon. The
sporting papers yielded to the changed state of affairs, and the
editorials of the “Spirit of the Times” now breathed forth threat-
enings and slaughter, and paid but little attention to aught but the
stirrmg news of the day. ven their correspondence was dated
from the camps on the Potomac or Rappahannock, and now told only
of marches and countermarches and the details of army life. In
the Fall of 1862 the turf revived somewhat in the immediate
neighborhood of New York, and Lady Emma and Jilt, and General
Butler and Rockingham, trotted several notable races, and George
Wilkes, the first of Hambletonian’s sons to show to the world the
merits of that greatest family of trotters, made his first appearance,
defeating Ethan Allen in three straicht heats, in 2m. 2435
2 m. 25% s., and2m.31s. George Wilkes is a dark brown stal-
524 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
lion, 15 hands high, got by Rysdyk’s Hambletonian out of a Clay
mare called Dolly Spanker, and great as were his performances, he
would in all probability have attained still greater distinction on the
turf had he been more judiciously handled and not trotted such
severe races before his powers had fully matured. He is now
standing in Kentucky, and is perhaps the most promising of all the
Hambletonian stallions except Volunteer. In 1863, General But-
ler, George Wilkes, George M. Patchen, Silas Rich, California
Damsel, and Shark, another son of Hambletonian, were all on the
turf, and had it been any other than a war year would have won
even greater glory than fell to their share.
In the history of all nations there are certain epochs or cycles
which are so resplendent with the deeds of some statesman or gen-
eral or monarch, that they serve as mile stones along the pathway
of the ages and landmarks by which we count the progress of
events; so in the history of the turf there have been periods when
the pre-eminence of certain horses was so marked that to mention the
years in which they flourished is but to recall their names. From
1838 to 1852 had been the era of Lady Suffolk and her famous
contemporaries. Flora Temple had flourished from that date until
the breaking out of the war, and now was to commence what might
be called the age of the Hambletonians, for descendants of Rysdyk’s
Hambletonian, the old hero of Chester, were now making that name
on the turf which they have held to the present day. The war
clouds were now breaking away; it could plainly be seen that the
days of the Confederacy were numbered; business was prosperous,
and the number of wealthy men interested in driving horses had
wonderfully increased. The turf was now to enter upon a career
of prosperity, and every large city all over the Union was to have
its trotting course.
The 4th of May, 1864, will ever be a red-letter day in the
memory of all turfmen, for that day witnessed the first public
appearance of Dexter the incomparable. He was foaled in Orange
County, New York, in 1858. His sire was Rysdyk’s Hamble-
tonian, and his dam was a daughter of American Star. He is 15
hands 1} inches high, and is a rich brown in color, with four white
legs, and a blaze in the face.
It was on the Fashion Course, where he beat Stonewall Jackson, °
of New York, General Grant, and Lady Collins. Two days after
he beat the last named again on the Union Course. On the
13th of May he defeated Doty’s mare to wagon on the Union
Course, and five days afterwards, at the Fashion Course, he beat
Shark and Lady Shannon, and jogged out the third heat in 2 m.
30s. On the 3d of June he trotted mile heats to wagon, at the
Fashion, against Shark and Hambletonian, but he hit his knee in
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 525
scoring and had to be withdrawn. He did not trot any more that
year, but on June 2, 1865, he came out and defeated General Butler
at the Fashion Course, trotting the third heat in 2 m. 243s. Ten
days afterwards he was pitted against the mighty Lady Thorne, who
had a few days previously trotted in 2 m. 243 s., but the lady beat
him in four heats, the best of which was 2 m. 24s. This was the
only time Lady Thorne. ever beat him. June 26th, Dexter
defeated Stonewall Jackson, of Hartford, three-mile heats, to
saddle, and then beat General Butler, to saddle, and Butler
and George Wilkes, in harness, in straight heats, in both races.
He was then backed to trot against time and beat 2 m. 19s., and
won easily in the first trial, in 2m.18}s. He then defeated Gen-
eral Butler on the Fashion Course, to wagons, in 2 m. 277s. and 2
m. 29s. On the 27th of October the horses met again, two-mile
heats, to wagons. Butler had a two-mile record to wagon of 4 m.
56} s., and was considered a fit antagonist for the young champion.
Dexter, however, won easily in two straight heats, in 5 m. 3s. and
4m. 5648., and closed his second season in a blaze of glory.
He commenced the season of 1866 by defeating General Butler
and Commodore Vanderbilt, in two races at the Union Course, the
California stallion, George M. Patchen, Jr., also being in the first of
them. He had now become so famous that there was a general
desire all over the country to see him, and a hippodroming cam-
paign, with the California stallion, was arranged, in which Dexter
invariably won. In 1867 he defeated Goldsmith Maid once and
Lady Thorne three times, and then, despairing of finding any one
to make him extend himself, a match was arranged on the Fashion
Course between him and Ethan Allen and running mate. The team,
contrary to general expectation, won in three straight heats, in 2 m.
15s.,2m.16s., and 2m.19s. Dexter’s real time, though, of
course, not a matter of record, was 2 m. 16 s., 2m. 17s., and
2m. 21 s. Mr. Charles J. Foster, in an admirable essay in
Wallace’s Monthly, says of this race: ‘This, though a losing one,
was the best performance Dexter ever made upon the course. To
trot mile after mile at such a rate, against winning opponents,
runner and trotter on the outside, and never to flinch an inch,
manifests the most admirable resolution. He never broke, and
was not forced out at the end of the heats. I never saw another
trotter that could, in my estimation, have stood the pinch. I have
seen some very fast ones that would have gone all to pieces when
collared in the second heat, as Dexter was.”’ Hight days after this
severe race he defeated Lady Thorne, two-mile heats, to wagon, in
5m. 1s.and5m.9-s.; and on July 4th, he met with his second
defeat from Ethan Allen and running mate, over the half-mile
track at Morristown, N. J. On July 10, at Trenton, N. J., he and
526 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
Lady Thorne met for the last time, and with the usual result,
On the 16th, he beat Brown George and running mate at Albany,
and trotted the second and third heats in 2 m. 203s. He beat
them again at Providence, July 26. And on the 30th, he beat
them again at the Riverside half-mile course, Boston. In this
race he made 2 m. 213 s.,2 m.19s.,and 2m. 2134s. After that,
at Buffalo, he beat his Boston time by trotting a mile in 2m.177s.
The course was then over a mile in length, and much slower than
it now is. He was now purchased by Mr. Bonner, and retired from
the turf. Mr. Charles J. Foster, in the essay already quoted, says of
him: ‘“ During his career of less than four seasons Dexter won forty-
nine races. ‘The great majority of them were mile heats, three in
five, in harness. He also won at three-mile heats and at two-mile
heats, in harness, and to wagon he was never defeated. He lost a
race to Shark through hitting himself. Lady Thorne defeated him
once when he was not seasoned, and was off as well. He beat her
five times in much better races. General Butler beat him once in
a poor race, under saddle, when he was all off. Ethan Allen, with
running mate, beat him twice. Dexter made the best mile under
saddle, the best mile in harness, and the best mile to wagon that
had been made. His two miles to wagon, second heat, was perhaps
his greatest performance. He had lots of speed left at the end of
it, and could have gone another mile without pulling up at a tre-
mendous rate. It is manifest to those who carefully consider the
breeding, the form, the wonderful exploits, and the rare character-
istics of this famous horse, that he never had an equal.”
After Dexter’s retirement came the ladies’ era, when the three
great mares, Lady Thorne, Goldsmith Maid, and American Girl
contended for the mastery.
Of this brilliant coterie Lady Thorne, the big, one-eyed, thorough-
bred mare from Kentucky, was easily the first. Standing full 163
hands high, with a good head and neck, deep shoulders, remark-
able withers, long-bodied and legey, she was one of the most blood-
like and thoroughbred trotters that ever stepped the turf. She had
lost an eye accidentally, and had an enlarged ankle behind from
her kicking propensities when breaking, and was unusually fiery
and high spirited. Her breeding was right royal. Her sire was
Mambrino Chief, and her dam a daughter of the thoroughbred
Gano, a son of the famous American Eclipse. Her career was
worthy of such high lineage, and as she stole around the course
with that low, long, sweeping stride of hers, woe betide those con-
tending with her; for, though not seeming to be going so fast,
she nearly always found herself well in front at the close of each
heat. She was on the turf eleven years, and trotted sixty-six
races, of which she won fifty-one, and received in purses and
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 52%
stakes $61,125, and enjoys the distinction of being the only horse
that ever in fair contest lowered the colors of the mighty Dexter.
Lady Thorne was foaled in 1856, and trotted her maiden race, when
three years old, under the name of Ashland Maid; but, owing to
the breaking out of the war and other circumstances, her turf career
did not fairly commence until 1863, when she was brought to the
east and her name changed to Lady Thorne. In 1865 she beat
Dexter at the Union Course, L. I, taking first, second, and fourth
heats, in 2 m. 24.s., 2 m. 263 s., and 2 m. 264s. respectively, and
the world knew that the big one-eyed mare was a trotter. She
also beat that year Frank Vernon, Stonewall Jackson, George
Wilkes, and Lady Emma, and did not lose a single race. In the
next two years she trotted numerous races against Dexter, George
Wilkes, Mountain Boy, Lucy, Lady Emma, Bruno, Old Put, with
moderate success; but in 1868 she came out in fine form, beating
Lucy, General Butler and George Wilkes, and two others, at the
Fashion Course, May 22, in 2 m. 243 s., 2 m. 23:s., and 2 m. 25s.
She trotted eleven other races that year, reducing her record to
2m. 21 s., and defeating Mountain Boy, Lucy, George Wilkes,
General Butler, Rolla Golddust, Rhode Island, George Palmer.
She lost but one race, Mountain Boy beating her at Point Breeze,
Philadelphia, September 16. In 1869 she showed still greater
speed. She beat Goldsmith Maid in July, in three heats, time,
2m. 212 s., 2 m. 204 8., and 2 m. 213.s.; in August she beat her
and American Girl in 2 m. 203 s., 2 m. 203s., and 2 m. 203 s.;
on September 9, 1869, at Point Breeze Park, near Philadelphia,
she defeated them again in 2m. 2135.,2m.19}s., and 2 m. 23} s.,
when a greater number of people were assembled than on any pre-
vious occasion, ten thousand dollars being taken at the gates for
adinission, while a couple of thousand jumped the fence to witness
this great race. An old friend says the people began to come in
the morning and came all day. Every vestige of space in the
club house and grand stand, and upon the roofs of the same,
was filled. A fourth time, October 1, she was victorious over
the same two mares, George Palmer being also in the race, in 2 m.
204 s., 2 m. 204s., and 2 m. 20 s.; and on October 8, at Narra-
gansett Park, she won her best race and made her fastest time, de-
feating George Palmer, Goldsmith Maid, Lucy, and American Girl,
Winning the first, second and fourth heats in 2m. 19}s.,2m. 181 s.,
and 2 m. 21 s., George Palmer taking the third heat in 2 m. 197s.
George Palmer was a little, lightly built bay gelding, by a horse
called Lame Bogus, of whom very little is known. He belonged to
Mr. Erastus Corning of Albany, the son of the famous railroad
king, and, had he appeared in any other period than that of the
three mighty mares, might have achieved much greater fame. It
.
528 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
is remarkable that Lady Thorne beat Goldsmith Maid every time she
met her, and never lost a single heat to her. In 1870, she trotted
but two races at the Fashion Course. July 4, she met and defeated
Goldsmith Maid, American Girl, George Wilkes, George Palmer,
and Lucy, in three straight heats, in 2 m. 233 8., 2 m. 23 s., 2 m.
24} s., and three weeks afterwards, at Prospect Park, she beat
Goldsmith Maid, in 2 m. 19458., 2 m. 203 s.,and 2m. 194s. She
was to meet her again at Buffalo, but slipped while being put on
the cars at Rochester, and injured her near hip so badly that she
was never able to trot again, and was sent to the Fashion Stud
Farm at Trenton, N. J.
That she attained the limits of her speed is not probable. At
the time of her accident she could easily beat all the flyers of the
turf, including Goldsmith Maid, American Gi-l, and Lucy ; and
though the former afterwards showed a vast improvement upon
her old form,’ it is not unreasonable to conclude that Lady
Thorne would have done the same, as there is but a year’s dif-
ference in their ages, and she was a very well preserved mare for
her years.
In his reminiscences of trotters, published in the Spirit of the
Times, Dan Mace, who knew her so well, says of her: “ You can
put it down as an absolute certainty that Lady Thorne could trot a
mile in 2 m. 10 s., in harness, in 2 m. 15 8., to wagon. I will not
say how much faster than this the old mare could trot. I never
saw her trot a full mile at her best but once, and there are two
other men living, besides myself, who can tell how fast that was,
but I shall never tell, and it is probable that they will not. It
was so fast that it would not be credited by the public, and so we
agreed that we would never mention the time. But I will say this
much : it was a faster gait for the whole mile than I ever saw kept
up by any other horse for'a single quarter.”
Be that as it may, her retirement left Goldsmith Maid the
mistress of the turf, which position she held until her retirement
in 1877.
Goldsmith Maid was foaled in May, 1857, and is by Alexander’s
Abdallah, a son of Rysdyk’s Hambletonian, out of a mare by old
Abdallah, and she is consequently very closely in-bred to the famous
rat-tail sire. She is a blood bay, and stands 154 hands high.
She was so wild and ungovernable when young that she was not
trained until she was eight years old. In September, 1865, at
Goshen, N. Y., she trotted her first race against Uncle Sam,
Mountain Boy, and Wild Irishman, and won in three straight
heats, in 2 m. 39 s., 2m. 36s., and 2m. 39s. She then beat
Sorrel Bill, at Poughkeepsie, making a record of 2 m. 31 s., and
was beaten by General Butler, at Copake, N. Y., in fast time. In
Copyright Secured.
Krom a Photograph by ScuREIBER & Son.
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 529
1866 she trotted eight races, winning all but one, and in 1867, five
— races, losing two, once to Dexter and once to Crazy Jane. In 1868
she won eight times, and reduced her record to 2m. 223s. In the
fall of this year she was sold to Messrs. Doble & Jackman, and
henceforth Budd Doble handled the reins over her. She began
the season of 1869 badly by losing five times to American Girl,
avery powerful big bay mare by a son of Cassius M, Clay, out
of a Virginia mare of unknown pedigree, who was trotting very
strongly that year, and gave promise of taking up the sceptre
which Dexter had voluntarily laid down. She beat Lucy at
Boston, and trotted in 2 m. 203 s. She beat George Palmer
on the Fashion Course. She met American Girl at Suffolk
Park, Philadelphia, and beat her in three straight heats, all
better than 2m. 20s. That was the first time any horse beat
2 m. 20 s. in all the heats of a race. Goldsmith Maid won eight
races that year, and beat all those that had beaten her, save Lady
Thorne, who was then in her prime, and who won five races from
her. In 1870 Goldsmith Maid won eleven times. She did not
beat 2 m. 20 s. that year, but she trotted in 2 m. 242 s. to wagon.
In 1871 Goldsmith Maid continued her brilliant career. At Fleet-
wood Park, Baltimore, Prospect Park, Brooklyn, Boston and
Buffalo she beat all her competitors, including American Girl and
Lucy. At the latter place she again won all the heats in better
than 2m. 20 s. Here she failed in an effort to beat Dexter's
time—2 m. 17} s., for an extra purse. But she soon after trotted
in 2 m. 17 s. at Milwaukee, and Dexter’s brilliant record was at
last eclipsed. Goldsmith Maid continued on the great Western
route, and reached as far as Omaha and Council Bluffs, away up
the Missouri River. In 1872, after one trot at Philadelphia, the
little mare went to Boston, and trotted on the Mystic Course in
2m.16$s. Afterwards, at Prospect Park, she put in all the heats
in better than 2 m. 20s.; and at Cleveland she did it for the fourth
time. The little mare was now taken across the continent, and at
Sacramento, in a little more than a month after her last previous
race on this side of the Rocky Mountains, she trotted in 2 m. 17#s.
She afterwards trotted at San Francisco, and returning to Sacra-
mento, beat Occident very easily. In‘1873 she did not trot any
especially fast heat. In 1874 Goldsmith Maid trotted seventeen
times, with increase of speed, and did not lose a single race.
At Saginaw, Michigan, she went in 2m.16s. At Springfield,
Mass., she again made 2 m. 16 s., and all the heats were better
than 2 m. 20s. Three times that year she beat 2 m. 20s. in all
the heats. At Rochester she trotted a second heat in 2 m. 143s.
And at Mystic Park, Boston, September 14, for a special purse,
in which she was required to beat her Rochester time, she trotted
34
530 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
a
in2m.14s. In 1875 she trotted only six races, and was beaten —
once by Lula, who had trotted a mile in 2 m. 15s. at Buffalo the
week previous, at Rochester, but beat her at Utica the following
week. Lula is a very celebrated bay mare, foaled in 1864. Her
sire was Alexander’s Norman and her dam was a daughter of the
thoroughbred horse, imported Hooten. Her speed and endurance —
are simply wonderful, but she is very high strung and excitable, and
though that most brilliant and patient horseman Charley Green
handled the reins over her, her disposition is so peculiar that she
never afterwards was able to surpass or even equal the glory she
obtained by her victory over Goldsmith Maid. In 1876 Gold-
smith Maid trotted seven races, losing but that memorable race at
Cleveland, described elsewhere. Besides this she trotted against
her own record seven times, and though failing to reduce it, she
trotted at Belmont Park, Philadelphia, June 23, in 2m.14s. In
1877 she trotted several races in California, against Rarus and
others, and at Chico, Cal., May 19, over a rough track, she
defeated Rarus, in 2 m. 193 s.,2 m.143s8., and 2m.17s. She
was entered in the Grand Circuit in trials for speed, and at
the close of the season was retired to the Fashion Stock Farm, at
Trenton, N. J., where she now roams the extensive paddock, hale
and hearty, with a fine colt by General Washington, the son of
General Knox and Lady Thorne, at her side. With such a royal
breeding, the youngster should prove a prodigy of speed, and
a treasure to the breeding interests of the country. During
her career Goldsmith Maid travelled on the cars over 130,000
miles, and earned for her owners over $325,000 in stakes and
purses.
The year 1875 is a notable one in the annals of the trotting turf.
The combined series of trotting meetings which was inaugurated
in 1866 by the trotting associations of Cleveland and Rochester,
at which meetings the purses given amounted to $15,650, had in-
creased in number and importance, until it extended from the
. shores of Lake Erie almost to the Atlantic Ocean, and now em-
braced the associations of Cleveland, Buffalo, Rochester, Utica,
Poughkeepsie, Hartford, and Springfield, and the purses offered at
these meetings aggregated the enormous sum of $245,000. Among
the horses whose fleet hoofs trod these tracks that season were
Goldsmith Maid, American Girl, Lula, Smuggler, Hopeful, Rarus,
Lucille Golddust, Judge Fullerton, Great Hastern, Lady Maud,
Nettie, St. Julien, Huntress, John H., Cozette, Sensation, Bodine, —
May Queen, Scotland, Grafton, Kansas Chief, Belle. Brassfield,
Mazo-Manie, Bella, Joker, Little Fred, Clementine, Music, Amy,
Mollie Morris, and Thomas Jefferson. No more brilliant collec-_
tion of trotters ever gathered together in any one season. ‘There
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 531
were, of course, other trotting meetings in different parts of the
country, but the Septilateral, as the Grand Circuit was called, sur-
passed all the other meetings in glory.
Thomas Jefferson is a handsome black stallion over fifteen and
a quarter hands high, foaled 1863. His sire was the prominent
son of Royal George, known as Toronto Chief, a trotter in his day
who secured a saddle record of 2 m. 244 s., and a wagon record of
two miles (wagon and driver weighing 300 pounds) in 5 m. 21 s.
His dam, the renowned ten-mile trotter Gipsey Queen, was a mare
of wonderful endurance allied to great speed, and, true to the laws
of inheritance, she stamped her own grcat powers and level brain
upon her now famous son, in whom the trotting gait has been in-
tensified and improved by the cross with Toronto Chief. Her
record of 2 m. 44.8. to wagon, July 31, 1858, over Garden City
Track at Chicago, three miles to harness in 8 m. 17 s. (the first
mile in 2 m. 46s., the second in 2 m. 44., the third in 2 m. 47 8.),
and ten miles to harness in 28 m. 39 s., with a repeat race one
week after (beaten only by a length) in 28 m. 11 s., is sufficient to
entitle her to a place in the history of our American trotters as one
of the “ gamest” mares ever known.
Thomas Jefferson, ‘The black whirlwind of the East,’ owned
by Mr. Wm. B. Smith, Hartford, Conn., is the highest type of the
*«¢ American trotter.” His handsome ae high Soe of finish,
great and lasting game, and willingness to trot for his life at the
close of a heat, “have warmly endeared him to every lover of a
good horse. He is one of the purest gaited, and the nearest
approach to the finest bred Arabians, of any of the trotting stal-
lions that have appeared on the American turf—in beauty, style,
and action, being immeasurably superior to the much talked of
“Grant” Arabians. Docility of disposition is a leading trait among
his produce; in many instances their owners have refused to allow
them to be used on the turf or handled therefor—their many good
qualitics making them special favorites for gentlemen’s road use.
' His career as a trotter commenced when he was two years old,
when he secured a public record of 3 m. 24 s., in a class for those
six years old and under. Asa three-year old, in May, 1866, he
defeated a daughter of Hambletonian (out of a Star mare) in a class
for those four years old and under, winning at his ease in 2 m. 57}
s. This season closing July 15, 1866, the horse went on a pleasure
trip down to Boston with an eye to business as well. He went
from Providence to Boston alone, unaccompanied by an attendant,
standing between the trotting geldings Honest Abe and Old Put.
He won several races that year, and finished with a record of 2 m.
45s. In 1867 his owner challenged the most famous two colts of
that day—Gift, by Mambrino Pilot, and Strideaway, son of the
532 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
world-renowned pacing mare Pocahontas (whose pacing feat of
2 m. 174 s. to wagon has never been beaten). The driver of
Gift saw Jefferson trot a half-mile over Narragansett Park in 1m.
16% s., and declined the challenge. Jefferson won seyeral races
the same year, and reduced his record to 2 m. 423's. In 1868, at
Norwalk, Conn., in an exhibition of stallions five years old and
under, he outtrotted them all, but was awarded only second money
on account of size, a stallion by Eureka taking first premium. In
1870 he won nine hotly contested races, and reduced his record to
2m. 29%s. In 1871 he won five hard-fought races, defeating such
prominent trotters as Roden’s Prince, Medoc, Shepherd F. Knapp, ~
George Wilkes, and Major Allen, closing the season with a record
of 2m. 253s. From 1871 to 1874 he was mainly kept in the stud,
trotting only a few races each fall season. In 1874 he served fifty-
three mares, and was withdrawn from the stud only twenty-seven
days before the famous stallion race of August 4 at Buffalo, where
le defeated the leading champions of the day, Smuggler, Mambrino
Gilt, Joe Brown, and Pilot Temple, in a six-heat race, winning the
last three heats in 2-m, 23} s.,2 m. 264 s!,and 2m. 283s. On
May 27, 1875, at Point Breeze Park, he won the last three of a
five-heat race, time'2 m. 253's., 2m. 24s., 2 m. 253 s., 2m. 254
s., and 2 m. 263 s., beating St. James, Sensation, and Young Bruno,
the former taking the first two heats. One week later he again met
and defeated Sensation at Prospect Park in three straight heats, in 2
m. 262 s., 2m. 24s8., and 2m- 23s. September 14, 1875, he
won the stallion race at Boston, defeating Commonwealth, Defiance,
Parkis Abdallah, Ned Wallace, and William H. Allen.. On Mon-
day of the next week, on a comparatively bad day and heavy track,
he defeated Comee, Bella (Maud), Molsey, and John H., in 2 m.
243 s., 2m. 23 8., 2 m. 243 .s., and 2 m. 24 s. (Comee taking the
first heat). Jefferson’s time in the last heat as officially announced
for the last half was 1 m.-103 s. In 1871, in a race at Prospect
Park, he trotted the last half ofa mile in 1 m. 93.8. The follow-
ing week, at Narragansett, he trotted the last half of the third mile
outside of two horses in 1 m. 93s. At Poughkeepsie, in 1875, he
trotted three-quarters of a mile in 1 m. 454.s.; at Boston, in the
stallion race, the last three-quarters of the third mile, outside of two
horses, in 1 m. 45.s., on a bad day and a heavy track. In 1876,
at the American Centennial Exhibition, he received the highest
award of merit. The following week he defeated Barney Kelly at
Waverly, N. J. In trotting condition he weighs 940 pounds, in
stud condition 1050 pounds. Four of his get are now in the 2 m.
30 s. class, while fourteen of them have records better than 3 m.
In 1879, at Connecticut State Fair, his get were awarded the first
premiums in the suckling, yearling, two-years old, and three-years
ZZ 7
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AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 533
old classes, while Jefferson himself was awarded the first sweepstake
premium as a trotting sire.
The Centennial year is noted for the wonderful achievements of
| Goldsmith Maid and Smuggler. The former, in her nineteenth
| year, trotted against time in 2 m. 14 g., her previous record, and
| won six of the seven races she trotted that year, losing but one
race—that at Cleveland, won by Smuggler. The latter won for
himself a mighty name, as the only horse able to tear the laurels
| from the brow of the peerless Queen of the Trotting Turf, and
| secured the best record ever made by a trotting stallion.
Smuggler is a brown stallion, standing 15 beds 3 inches high,
! with a pid face. He was foaled near ‘Columbus, O., in 1866, nad
was got by Blanco, a son of Iron’s Cadmus, the sire of the famous
pacing mare Pocahontas, and his dam was a bay pacing mare brought
from West Virginia. The dam of Blanco was by Blind Tuckahoe,
_ason of Herod’s Tuckahoe. He consequently inherits a good share
of pacing blood mixed with thoroughbred, and when he was taken
to Kansas by his owner, in 1872 , he was a confirmed pacer. He
was there placed in the hands of Mr. Charles Marvin, and under
his tuition developed into a most promising trotter. In an inter-
view with Mr. Cyrus Lukens, the well-known writer on horse sul-
jects, at Belmont Park, just before his race with Judge Fullerton,
Mr. Marvin, when asked what special mode of training he had
followed to change this natural gaited pacing horse gnto the
wonderful trotter, replied: “At whatever gait Smuggler goes
he always is fast, but to keep him steady at a fast trotting
gait, it is necessary for him to have perfect confidence in his
driver.” He also said that he had developed Smuggler’s great rate
of speed, and had shown Col. Russell fast miles low down in the
twenties, before this gentleman had purchased the horse. He then
had returned to his home in Kansas. Some time after this Col.
Russell entered Smuggler in the great National Stallion Race, to
take place August 4, ‘1874, at Buffalo, and commenced fitting him
for it. About one month before the race, it became evident to the
owner that it would be necessary to secure the services of Marvin
_ to drive the horse. He arrived about two weeks before the race,
“when,” said he, “I found that the horse had forgotten me, and
when we started into the race I doubted my ability to win that day
with Smuggler; I had not had enough time to regain his con-
fidence. But we passed the summer together, and I knew before
the notable stallion race, won by Smuggler at Mystic Park, near
Boston, September 14, 1874, that we could win, as well as I did
after it was over, because I then had the confidence of the horse,
and had him well conditioned. It would never have done to beat
_ nor abuse this horse. My success with him has been chiefly owing
534 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
to my patience and perseverance in waiting for him to come to the 1
great speed that I knew he had, at whatever gait he might be /
going.” In July, 1873, he showed a trial of a mile over the Olathe
j
t
track in 2 m. 193 s., a performance which excited great sensation
in trotting circles. He was then taken to New York, and at the |
Prospect Park Course was given a public trial of three heats, in-
2m. 193s., 2m. 21}s., and 2 m. 21 s., trotting the last half of)
the third mile in 1 m. 9 s.
His first appearance in a race was at Buffalo, August 5, 1874,
in a purse of $10,000, free for all stallions, where he was pitted
against Thomas Jefferson, Mambrino Gift, and several others of the
most noted trotting stallions of the continent. He won the first
and second heats in 2 m. 22} s. and 2 m. 202 s., wonderful time
for a “green” horse, but becoming tired and discouraged by the
excessive scoring, was last in the third heat and distanced in the
fourth. Mambrino Gift won the third heat, but Jefferson lasting the
longest won the last three heats and the race. On September 14,
of the same year, he won the chaypion stallion race at Mystic
Park, Boston, in three straight heats, in 2 m. 23 s.,2 m. 23 s., and
2 m. 20 s., which was then the best stallion record, defeating Phil
Sheridan, Henry W. Genet, Commonwealth, Mambrino Gift, and
Vermont Abdallah. In 1876 at Belmont Park, Philadelphia, July
15, he beat Judge Fullerton, in 2m. 173 s.,2m.18s., 2m. 17s.,
and 2 mg 20 s.; the second heat being a dead heat between them.
This splendid achievement elevated him to the highest pinnacle
of fame as the champion stallion of the world, and with the laurels
of this victory fresh on his brow, he entered the Circuit in the
free-for-all purse at Cleveland, O., July 27. As this race is one of
the most famous in trotting annals, we copy the following graphic
description from the graceful pen of Hamilton Busbey, which ap-
peared in the Turf, Field and Farm of August 4, 1876:
“When the bell rang for the open-to-all horses to appear, a buzz
of expectation was heard on all sides. It was known that Lula
would not respond to the call, she having made an exhibition the
previous day, besides she was not in the bloom of condition; but
Lucille Golddust was there to battle for the Babylon stable, and
she was a mare of tried speed and bottom. The knowledge that
Lula would not start steadied the quaking nerves of Doble, and
he ceased to plead for a special purse and permission to withdraw.
He thought that Geldsmith Maid would have a comparatively easy
time in capturing first money, and his confidence made the old
mare the favorite over the field. Smuggler was deemed an uncer-
tain horse, and there was no eagerness to invest in pools on him.
But the stallion was'cheered almost as warmly as the Maid when
he jogged slowly past the stand. Lucille Golddust, Judge Fullerton
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 535
and Bodine were also received with applause. The great drivers
of the country were behind the great horses of the country. Budd
Doble pulled the lines over Goldsmith Maid; Charley Green stead-
ied Lucille Golddust; Pete Johnson controlled Bodine; Charley
Marvin watched over the fortunes of Smuggler; and Dan Mace
was up behind Judge Fullerton, having come from New York for
the express purpose : of driving him in the race. Twice the horses
' came for the word, and twice they failed to get it. They were
then ordered to score with Lucille Golddust, and succeeded in get-
ting off. The Maid had the best of the start, and, quickly taking
the pole from Judge Fullerton, gayly carried herself in the lead.
It was where she was accustomed to be, and so she trotted in the
best of spirits. Fullerton did not act well, and he brought up the
rear rank the entire length of the course. Along the back-stretch
Smuggler began to close a gap, terrific as the pace was. After
passing the half mile he drew dangerously near the Maid, but it
was noticed that he faltered a little. The cause was not then
understood, but it was made plain when the patrol judge galloped
up to the stand with a shoe in his hand which had been cast from
the near fore foot. Around the turn the stallion pressed after the
mare, and down the stretch he drove her at the top of her speed,
the thousands giving vent to their enthusiasm by cheering and
clapping hands. Smuggler had his nose at the Maid’s tail when
she went under the wire, in 2m. 153s. Bodine was a good third,
his time being about 2 m. 17 s., and Lucille Golddust was fourth,
Fullerton just inside of the flag. Smugeler’s performance was an
extraordinary one. He trotted for something like three-eighths of
a mile with his equilibrium destroyed by the sudden withdrawal
from an extreme lever point of a shoe weighing twenty-five ounces.
Only once before had he cast a shoe in rapid work without break-
ing, and that was in his exercise at Belmont Park. Keen judges
are forced to admit that the stallion would have won the first heat
in 2m. 15s. had no accident befallen him on Thursday. Prior to
this season Smuggler carried a thirty-two ounce shoe on each of
his fore feet, but now he seems to be steady under the reduced
weight. The scoring in the second heat was a little more trouble-
some than that in the first heat. Smuggler left his feet several
times, and it looked as if he was going to disappoint his owner and
trainer. On the fourth attempt the horses got away, the Maid in
the lead. The stallion made one of his characteristic bad breaks
around the turn, and all hope of his winning the heat was lost.
Bodine and Fullerton also were unsteady. Lucille Golddust did
good work, and she was second to the Maid when the latter went
over the score in 2m. 17}s. Smuggler finished fifth, Marvin only
trying to save his distance. Goldsmith Maid was distresed, but
536 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
her friends were confident that her speed and steadiness would
carry her safely through. It was almost dollars to cents that she
would win. The word was given to a good send off in the third
heat. The Maid had the pole, which advantage she did not sur-
render, although she went into the air around the turn. She was
quickly caught, and Doble drove her carefully along the back-
stretch, followed by Fullerton, who seemed to be content with the
position of body-guard to her queenship. After passing the half-
mile, Marvin urged Smuggler into a quicker pace, and the stallion
was observed to pass Lucille Golddust, then Fullerton, and to swing
into the home-stretch hard on the Maid’s wheel. Doble used all
his art to keep his mare going, but Marvin sat behind a locomotive
and could not be shaken off. The stallion got on even terms with
the Maid, and then drew ahead of her in the midst of the most
tumultuous applause, beating her under the wire three-quarters of
a length. The scene which followed is indescribable. An elec-
trical wave swept over the vast assembly, and men swung their
hats and shouted themselves hoarse, while the ladies snapped fans
and parasols and bursted their kid gloves in the endeavor to get rid
of the storm of emotion. The police vainly tried to keep the
quarter-stretch clear. The multitude poured through the gates,
and Smuggler returned to the stand through a narrow lane of
humanity which closed as he advanced. Doble was ashy pale, and
the great mare which had scored so many victories stood with
trembling flanks and head down. Her attitude seemed to say, ‘I
have done my best, but am forced to resign the crown” The
judges hung out the time, 2 m. 164 s., and got no further in the
announcement than that Smuggler had won the heat. The shouts
of the thousands of frenzied people drowned all else. During the
intermission the stallion was the object of the closest scrutiny. So
great was the press that it was difficult to obtain breathing room.
He appeared fresh, and ate eagerly of the small bunch of hay
which was presented to him by his trainer after he had cooled out.
It was manifest that the fast work had not destroyed his appetite.
The betting now changed. It was seen that the Maid was tired,
and her eager backers of an hour ago were anxious to hedge. In
the second score of the fourth heat the judges observed that Smug-
gler was in his stride, although behind, and so gave the word. In
his anxiety to secure the pole Doble forced Goldsmith Maid into a
run, and as Lucille Golddust quickly followed her, the stallion
found his progress barred unless he pulled out and around them.
Marvin decided to trail, and he kept in close pursuit of the two
mares even after he had rounded into the home-stretch. Green
would not give way with Lucille, and Doble pulled the Maid back
just far enough to keep Marvin from slipping through with the
a
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 537
stallion. The pocket was complete, and thought to be secure. A
smile of triumph lighted Doble’s face, and the crowd settled sullenly
down to the belief that the race was over. Marvin was denounced
as a fool for placing himself at a disadvantage, and imagination
pictured just beyond the wire the crown of Goldsmith Maid with
new laurel woven into it. But look! By the ghosts of the de-
arted! Marvin has determined upon a bold experiment. He
falls back, and to the right, with the irtention of getting out
around the pocket. Too late, too late! is the hoarse whisper.
Why, man, you have but one hundred and fifty yards in which to
straighten your horse and head the Maid, whose burst of speed has
been held in reserve for just such an occasion as this! Her gait
is 2m. 14s., and you—well, you are simply mad! The uncounted
thousands held their breath. The stallion does not leave his feet,
although pulled to a forty-five angle to the right, and the moment
that his head is clear and the path open, he dashes forward with
the speed of the staghound. It is more like flying than trotting.
Doble hurries his mare into a break, but he cannot stop the dark
shadow which flits by him. Smuggler goes over the score a winner
of the heat. by a neck, and the roar which comes from the grand
stand and the quarter-stretch is simply deafening. As Marvin
comes back with Smuggler to weigh, the ovation is even greater
than that which he received in the preceding heat. Nothing like
the burst of speed he had shown had ever before been seen on the
track, and it may be that it will never be seen again. Marvin had
two reasons for going into the pocket. In the first place, he
thought that Green would pull out when the pinch came and let
him through, and in the second place, he erroneously supposed that
Doble would push the Maid down the stretch and leave him room
to get out that way. It was bad judgment to get into the pocket,
since, had the Maid won the heat, the race would have been over;
but it must be admitted that Marvin acted not without a show of
reason. In riding at the gait he was riding, a man does not have
any extra time to mature his plans. The heat was literally won
from the fire. It was only the weight of a hair which turned the
scales from defeat to victory. Doble was more deeply moved by
the unexpected result of the heat than by anything else which hap-
pened in the race. His smile of triumph was turned in one brief
instant to an expression of despair. The time of the heat was
2m. 19$s. Smuggler again cooled out well, nibbling eagerly at
his bunch of hay, while the crowd massed around him. The Maid
was more tired than ever, while Lucille Golddust showed no signs
of distress. When the horses responded to the bell for the fifth
heat it was evident that a combination had been formed against
Smuggler. All worked against him. Lucille Golddust and Bodine
e
538 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
worried him by repeated scorings, and when they excited him into
a break and he grabbed the unfortunate shoe from the near fore
foot, the hope began to rise that the star of the stallion had set.
The shoe was put on, the delay giving the Maid time to get her
second wind, when the scoring again commenced. Smuggler was
repeatedly forced to a break, and for the third time in the race he
grabbed off the near fore shoe. Misfortunes seemed to be gather-
ing thickly around him, and the partisans of the Maid wore the
old jaunty air of confidence. Before replacing the shoe, Colonel
Russell had it shortened at the heel. It was a new shoe, and one
adopted by Marvin against the judgment of Russell. +The shell of
the foot was pretty badly splintered by the triple accident, but the
stallion was not rendered lame. As much as an hour was wasted
by the scoring and the shoeing of Smuggler, which brought all the
horses to the: post looking fresh. Smugeler had the worst of it,
as he was the only one which had not enjoyed an unbroken rest.
Finally the word was given for the fifth heat. Fullerton went to
the front like a flash of light, trotting without skip to the quarter
pole in 33s. Smuggler overhauled him near the half-mile, and
from there home was never headed. The Maid worked up to
second position down the home-stretch, the stallion winning the
heat in 2 m. 17} s., and the hardest-fought race ever seen in the
world. ‘The evening shadows had now thickened, and as the great
crowd had shouted itself weak and hoarse, it passed slowly through
the gates and drove in a subdued manner home.”
In the following week, at Buffalo, he was so badly used up from
the effects of his bruising race at Cleveland, that he was in no con-
dition to trot, and was defeated by the Maid in the fastest three
consecutive heats ever trotted; time, 2m. 16 s., 2m. 154s., and
2m.15s. At Rochester the Maid failed to put in an appearance,
and Smuggler won in three straight heats, 2m. 153.s.,2 m. 18 s.,
and 2m.19}s. On August 24, at Poughkeepsie, he was distanced
in the first heat; and on September 1, at Hartford, he trotted against
Goldsmith Maid, Judge Fullerton, and Bodine, and won the first two
heats in 2m.15}8. and 2m.17s. In the second heat he wasVery
far behind at the start, and the judges were much blamed in con-
sequence. Notwithstanding this, he closed up the gap, and made
a dead heat with the Maid in 2 m. 16% 8. Goldsmith Maid then
took the last three and the race in 2 m. 174 8., 2m. 18 s8., and
2m. 19 s., Smuggler pushing her closely in them all. At Spring-
field he trotted in the same company, but did not win a single
heat. later in the season he trotted two races against the mam-
moth trotter Great Eastern, but acting badly, he lost them both.
He was then sent to the stud, where he bids fair to become a great
success.
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 539
Rarus then took up the crown which Goldsmith Maid had laid
down, and right regally he wore it. He is a long-striding, ungainly-
looking bay gelding, sixteen hands high, with a blaze face and
white ankles. The old adage, “blood will tell,’ does not hold
good in his case, for the pedigree of his sire is entirely unknown,
although his owner, Mr. R. B. Conklin, and Mr. George Wilkes,
the editor and proprietor of the Spirit of the Times, have used
every endeavor to trace it. All that is known is that Conklin’s
Abdallah, for so the sire of Rarus is called, before his purchase
by Mr. Conklin, performed the ignoble duty of drawing a fish-cart
for a fish-dealer in Fulton Market, New York. Conklin’s Abdallah
is the sire of some twenty other horses besides Rarus, but the best
of them are only fair roadsters. The dam of Rarus was by Tele-
eraph, her dam being a Black Hawk mare, and it is probable that
she is the source of his wonderful speed.
Rarus first appeared on the turf at the Suffolk County Fair, at
Riverhead, in the fall of 1871, where he won the four-year old
stakes in three straight heats, the best of which was in 2 m. 423 s.
In 1874 he trotted six races, winning four of them, and obtaining a
record of 2m. 283s. The next year he was kept busily at work.
He commenced the season at Grand Rapids, Mich., June 9, where
Mollie Morris beat him, Gen. Grant and Molsey being also in the race.
On the 17th Lady Mac beat him at South Bend, Indiana. On July
7, at Detroit, Grafton defeated him in straight heats. Two weeks
later, at Sandusky, the entrées for the Grand Circuit having closed,
he was allowed to go to the front, and scored his first win, beating
a field of three in slow time. He then entered the Grand Circuit in
the 2 m. 27 s. class at Cleveland, July 30, winning a red-hot race
from the little Mollie Morris (who won the first two heats), Carrie
(who tcok the third), and four others, in 2 m. 233 s., 2 m. 252 s.,
2 m. 244 s., 2 m. 243 8., 2 m. 23} 8., 2m. 263 s.; but at Buffalo,
the following week, Mollie Morris reversed the verdict, beating him
in three straight heats. At Rochester, Utica, and Hartford he won
easily, reducing his record to 2 m. 203s. After this he trotted six
races, but seemed to be somewhat off, winning but two of them,
being beaten by Lady Maud twice, and by Kansas Chief and Sensa-
tion each once. In 1876 he had his own way in the 2 m. 205.
class of the Septilateral Circuit, excepting at Cleveland, where May
Queen beat him, winning the six remaining races in the easiest
manner, without reducing his record, though it was evident he
could trot low down in the “teens” whenever he chose to do so, and
at Fleetwood Park, N. Y., October 26, he won a fast race, trotting
the fifth heat in 2 m. 20 s., and closed the season with this record
against him. Tate in the fall he was taken to California, and his
first races in 1877 were against the peerless Goldsmith Maid, who
540 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
was also wintering there, and although she beat him five times out of
six, he lapped her out in 2m. 143 s. at Chico, and beat her at San
Francisco, May 26, when she was out of condition, lowering kis record
to2m.194s. He also won races from Sam Purdy and Bodine.
After the race with Goldsmith Maid he came East, and won every
race he started in. At Cleveland, Buffalo, Rochester, Utica, Hart-
ford, Long Branch, New York, Cleveland again, Columbus, and
Cincinnati, it was the same story. He always won, and from such
horses as Hopeful, Great Eastern, Lucille Golddust, Cozette, and
Albemarle. His record was now 2 m. 16 8., and it was conceded
that there was not a horse on the turf that could make him extend
himself; and so, in 1878, he was confined to special speed purses
generally, to beat Goldsmith Maid’s famous record of 2m. 148.
At East Saginaw, Mich., he trotted a mile in 2 m. 143 s., without
a break or skip. At Cincinnati, July 4, he made the fastest per-
formance over a half-mile track, 2m.17s. At Cleveland he trotted
in 2m. 1448, 2m.15s., and 2m. 148., and at Buffalo, August
3, 1878, he eclipsed all previous records and trotted a mile in 2 m.
134s. This great event is admirably described by an eye witness,
Mr. Hamilton Busbey of the Turf, Field and Farm.
“The last event on the card was the fight of Rarus against old
Father Time. The track was fast, although a trifle hard. Bets
were freely made that 2 m. 14s. would be beaten. The first trial
was not encouraging. Jarus went to the quarter in 353 s., to the
half in 1 m. 93 s., to the third quarter in 1 m. 43s., and came
home in 2m. 17s. In the second trial he went to the quarter in
333 s., and made a very bad break. Splan pulled up and jogged
around in 2m. 50s. As he approached the wire he nodded for
the word, and Mr. Hamlin shouted ‘Go.’ The horse left his feet
on the turn, and Splan again pulled up. It began to look badly for
those who had backed the horse against time. Rarus was halted
and sponged, and then the discovery was made that he was hitched
too short. The buckles were changed and he was ready for a new
trial. During the pause a crowd gathered in front of the judges’
stand and clamored for a decision. They insisted that those who
had backed time in the second heat had won. The judges declined
to express any opinion in the matter, but quietly wrote 2 m. 50s.
under 2 m. 17s. on the blackboard, and turned it outward. Splan
then came to the wire the fourth time for the word. Rarus went
off level, and when he passed the quarter in 353 8., and moved
steadily forward, the hope took root that he would eclipse all former
efforts. He was at the half-mile pole in 1 m. 53 s., a winning pace,
but the question was, could he keep up the stride. The critical
few shook their heads as if to say the half is too fast for the horse
to finish well. Smoothly, evenly, without the least jar or friction,
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 541
the tall and gallant bay strode to the three-quarter pole, which he
reached in 1 m. 383s. ‘By Jove! he will beat the Maid’s time,’
was the exclamation which came from all sides. There was a
strange fascination in watching the horse and listening to the tick
of the watch. Time is a relentless old fellow, and tolerates no mis-
takes. Every one knew that Rarus could not afford to trip or
slacken his pace. In order to beat the long registering hand of the
watch to the fourteenth second mark after two circuits of the dial,
it was necessary for him to preserve a stroke and to show a courage
which no horse before him had ever shown. Grandly, stoutly, he
came forward, Splan sitting well poised in the sulky, and watching
the movement of his ears with his keen black eyes. After passing
the distance stand, the whip was gently laid on the back of the
horse, and as he neared the wire six thousand people rose to their
feet and held their breath. Under the wire Rarus shot, and the
hands of the watches stopped short—2 m. 13 s.; no, 2m. 137 8,
say the judges, and cheer after cheer rolls over the track. The
horse and driver received a perfect ovation when they returned to
weigh, and it was with difficulty that Splan could make his way
through the crowd and up into the judges’ stand. When he reached
’ the steps, he cleared them at three bounds, and, after hand-shaking,
was led to the rail and presented with a handsome basket of flowers
by President Bush. No words were spoken. It would have been
useless to have attempted speech-making in the presence of the
crowd which filled the quarter-stretch, and which made the ground
shake with its shouts. The’scene is indescribable. While Splan
was blushing and bowing his acknowledgments- to the applauding
thousands, Rarus was being unharnessed, and he looked on with
dazed eye, quivering nostril and trembling flank. He had made a
new mark in the annals of the turf, had wiped out the record of
Goldsmith Maid, which had headed the list for so many years, and
modesty well became him in the hour of his brilliant success. It
was a proud day for Buffalo Park, and those who were present will
never forget the uproar caused by the beating of 2m.14s. Had
Splan not gone to the half quite so fast, it is contended by a good
many that he would have marked below 2 m. 13 s., and I incline
to the correctness of this view.”
At Rochester and Utica he did not perform up to his reputation,
but at Hartford, August 23, in the famous duel with Edwin
Forrest, he trotted in 2 m. 15 s., 2 m. 133 8., and 2 m. 13? s., the
fastest three heats on record. The fame of this exploit extended
over the country, and henceforth the Rarus days were the big days
of all the meetings at which he appeared during 1878 and 1879,
and with little effort he could earn from two to three thousand dol-
lars a week from the opening of the trotting season to its close.
542 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
His last race was at Utica, August 28, 1879, where he beat Hope-
ful easily in 2 m. 174s., 2 m. 163 s.,and2m.16s. After some
negotiations, Mr. Robert Bonner, who already had in his stable
Dexter, Joe Elliott, and Edwin Forrest, purchased him for $36,000,
and withdrew him from the turf forever.
Many good judges consider Edwin Forrest the fastest trotting
horse in the world, not excepting the mighty Rarus. He is a rich
bay gelding, 16 hands high, was foaled in Cass county, Missouri,
in 1871. His sire was a horse called Ned Forrest, Jr., and his
dam a granddaughter of the thoroughbred Leviathan. Taken to
Kentucky when young, he trotted his first race there in 1875. In
1877 he won two races at Madison, Ind., beating Proteine, Kitty
Bates, and Andy Meshon, while in a race which he lost at Lexing-
ton, Ky., he attained a record of 2 m. 2548. In 1878 he passed
into the hands of Gus Glidden, and entered the Michigan Cireuit
in the spring, but being kept for the Grand Circuit he was not
allowed to win for fear of lowering his record. At Toledo, however,
the entries to the Grand Cireuit being completed, he was given his
head and won in straight heats, the fastest of which was 2 m. 23 s.
When the bell rang for the 2 m. 24s. class at Cleveland, July
24, 1878, and Trampoline, Darby, Edward, Dick Moore, Alley, and
Edwin Forrest answered the summons, the spectators knew that
there would be a good race, but few expected that Edwin Forrest,
after breaking and losing the first heat to Edward, would win the
last three heats in the quick time of 2 m. 194 5s., 2 m. 203 s., and
2 m. 183 s., the last heat being won ina jog. At Buffalo he won
from the same field in 2m. 208., 2m. 203 8., and 2m. 207 s.,
and at Rochester he won again in quick time. In all these races
his superiority over his opponents was so evident that at Utica a con-
spiracy was formed by the owners and drivers of the various horses
in the race, Forrest’s driver being one of them, to make him a
ereat favorite in the betting, and then pull him so as to lose the
race. This disgraceful job succeeded only too well, and the speedy
Edward was the winner; and though the National Association
months afterwards ferreted out and punished the originators and
abettors of the fraud, it will be years before the turf recovers from
the wounds it then received at the hands of its professing friends.
In the fourth heat of that race he came from the rear at the last
with a burst of speed that amazed all beholders, and caused Charley
Green to make a dead rush for his owner and secure the refusal of
him at $16,000, within five minutes.
The real purchaser was Mr. Robert Bonner, of New York. Not
wishing to endanger the reputation of the horse until he should
become familiarized with his new driver, Green did not start him
until the last day of Hartford Meeting. When, after Rarus had
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 543
trotted his first trial in the Special Speed Purse, in 2 m. 15 s., the
starters proclaimed that Mr. Green had a horse that he thought
could go in about 2 m. 10 s., and Edwin Forrest was brought out,
few thought that the statement was more than an empty boast.
Charley Green drove him, and at the second attempt nodded for
the word. The horse struck out gamely, and was at the quarter in
34 s.—half a second better than Rarus had just done. Down the
back-stretch he went like the wind, and passed the half in 1 m. 6}.
He slowed up from this flying pace on the turn, and came by the
three-quarter pole in 1 m. 40} s. (third quarter in 34 s.), and came
down under the wire in 2 m. 144 s.—half a second better than
Rarus had done. When this was announced the excitement was
‘intense, for 2 m. 143 s. was all Goldsmith Maid could do at Hart-
ford, two years previous. Rarus was now put on his mettle, and
trotted the second trial in 2 m. 133 s. (last quarter in 323s.). But
Green thought he could beat that, and that Forrest was the horse
that could do it. On the second trial he was sent off, and he went
to the quarter in 334 s., without a skip. Then it seemed as if he
had not been half trying. Such trotting was never seen before. He
fairly flew, and it looked as though 2 m. 10 s. would be made; but
the pace was too fast, and he broke badly when about eight lengths
from the half-mile pole, losing several lengths, but Green caught him
skillfully, and he was soon under full headway, reaching the half-
mile pole in 1 m. 54s. (second quarter in 31} s.). Before he reached
the middle of the third quarter he again went in the air, and though
he soon recovered, Green had lost hope of surpassing his first effort
and did not hurry him. The three-quarter pole was passed in 1 m.
4()i s., and he was coming down the home-stretch at a fair gait, when
a friend who had run up to that place motioned to Green to go on,
as there was still hope. From that point Forrest was sent along,
and came under the wire, amid loud cheering, in 2 m. 16 s.
Since he became an inmate of Mr. Bonner’s stable his progress
has been truly wonderful. In the month of July of the present
year (1879) Mr. Robert Bonner drove him to wagon on his three-
quarter mile track near Tarrytown, N. Y., a mile in 2 m. 153 s.,
and a week later Mr. A. A. Bonner drove him a mile in harness in
2m.13}s. On August 9, Mr. John Murphy, the favorite pupil
of old Hiram Woodruff, drove him a mile in the marvellous time
of 2m. 113s. Although these trials were witnessed by several
reliable persons, and the time made can be depended upon as en-
tirely accurate, not having been made in a public race, neither they
nor the trial at Hartford can go upon the record, and as Mr. Bonner
never permits any of his horses to trot in public for a sum of money,
but keeps them solely for his own driving, it is not likely that the
world will ever know how great a horse Edwin Forrest really is.
544 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
The little gray gelding Hopeful, the pride of Dan Mace’s heart,
is a very fast horse. He was foaled in Maine in 1866, and
was sired by Godfrey’s Patchen, a son of Flora Temple’s famous
competitor, and his dam was a gray mare by the Bridham horse,
who is supposed to have been aa immediate descendant of Win-
throp Messenger. He first appeared on the turf at Springfield,
August 25, 1873, but only finished fourth in a field of five. He
then essayed his fortunes in four races, winning two of them and a
record of 2m. 25s. In 1874 he trotted seven races, winning five,
being beaten only by Bodine, the fast son of Volunteer, and lowered
his record to 2 m. 21 s. At Fleetwood Park, May 22, 1875,
Kansas Chief beat him. He now lay by until August 5, when he
appeared at Poughkeepsie in the 2 m. 18 s. class, defeating Lady
Maud, Judge Fullerton, who took the first heat, Huntress and two
others, in 2 m. 21 s., 2 m. 223 s., 2m. 28s., and2m.28s. At
Hampden Park, three weeks later, he beat Lady Maud and Kansas
Chief in 2 m. 28s., 2 m. 248., and 2m. 20s., and on the last day
of that month, at Hartford, he beat Lady Maud, Lucille Golddust,
and Henry, in 2m. 18}48., 2m. 223 s., and 2m. 2335., Lady
Maud taking the third and fourth in 2 m. 19 8. and 2 m. 203 s.,
and at the same place, September 3, he defeated Auicrican Girl in
three straight heats in 2 m. 17} s., 2m. 18}8., and 2m. 187s.
Great as the achievement was, Dan Mace, in his ‘“‘ Experience with
Trotters,” published in the Spirit of the Times, says, “On that day
Hopeful could have trotted a mile in 2 m. 12 s., although his best
time was only 2 m. 174s. I never let loose of his head, never asked
him to go, and never wanted him to go; and in no place in that
mile did he go as fast as he could. . . . I don’t think there is a
horse alive that can out-trot him now; not a horse on the turf that
can outspeed him.” In 1876, owing to a foot difficulty, he was
unable to trot, but, June, 1877, at Fleetwood Park, he started in
the Free-for-all Purse, with Judge Fullerton, Albemarle, and Ade-
laide, and astonished his owner, driver, and everybody else, by his
performance, winning the first heat in 2 m. 183 s., by three-quar-
ters of a second the fastest mile ever trotted on the track, and
taking the race handily without a skip, in three heats—time, 2 m.
1835., 2m. 20s. and 2m.21s. At Boston, July 5, he beat
Great Eastern in 2 m. 22s., 2m. 2038., 2 m. 183 s., and 2 m.
193 s., Great Eastern taking the second heat. He next appeared
in the Grand Circuit at Springfield, Mass., July 13, where he beat
Judge Fullerton for the Free-for-all Purse, then back to Boston,
where, July 23, he met the great Smuggler and defeated him in
straight heats, the fastest of which was 2m.193s. He did not
start at Cleveland, Buffalo, or Rochester, but at Utica, August 17,
he suffered defeat from Lucille Golddust, who had to trot in 2 m.
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 545
17} s., 2m. 18?s., and 2m. 18?s. to beat him; but at Poughkeepsie
he regained his laurels, defeating Lucille Golddust and Nettie after
a hard-fought race of five heats. At Hartford, Long Branch, Fleet-
wood Park, and Cleveland, Rarus beat him, and he went into win-
ter quarters quite under a cloud. In 1878 he went through the
Michigan Circuit with success, was beaten by Great Eastern at
Toledo in slow time, and entered the Grand Circuit at Cleveland,
July 25, where he beat Proteine, Great Hastern, Nettie, and Cozette
in the wonderful time of 2 m. 174 s., 2 m. 153s. and 2 m. 153 s.,
and at Buffalo, Rochester, Utica, and Hartford, he was alike
triumphant, and at Minneapolis, September 6, he attained the
height of his glory by trotting a mile in 2 m.14?s. At Kansas
City, September 20, he beat Great Hastern in straight heats, and
in the following week at Quincy, IIl., he beat him and Scott’s
Thomas. At St. Louis, October 3, he trotted against time in 2 m.
157 s.,2m.15s., and 2m. 153s. At Chicago, October 10, a
handicap was devised, Hopeful to go in harness against Rarus to
wagon and Great Hastern under the saddle. The little gray geld-
ing won in2m.1738s.,2m.175s., and 2m.168., and two days
after at the same meeting trotted against time, to wagon, in 2 m.
163 s.,2 m. 17 s., and 2 m. 178., which is the best wagon time on
record. He wound up this memorable year at Albany, N. Y.,
winning the special purse, best time 2 m. 20}.s. He wintered at
Point Breeze Park, Philadelphia, and came out in fine fettle for
the season of 1879. At Suffolk Park, May 16, he trotted against
time in 2 m. 18 s., wonderful time for so early in the season.
Over the Ambler half-mile track, May 22, he trotted in 2 m. 193
s., 2m. 19s., and 2 m. 223 s., the three fastest heats ever trotted
over a half-mile track in Pennsylvania. At Belmont the following
week he trotted against time in 2 m. 21 s.,2m 174s., and 2m.
‘174 s., and then, taking Horace Greeley’s famous advice to “ go
West,” he started for Chicago, stopping at Butler and Bradford,
in the western part of Pennsylvania, at which he trotted in 2 m.
187s. and 2 m. 19? s. respectively, winning good purses at both
places. At Chicago his good fortune left him, and in his endeavor
to beat Goldsmith Maid’s famous record, 2 m. 18? s. was the best
he could accomplish. - From this time until late in the fall he was
out of condition and unable to do anything worthy of his fame.
Rarus beat him easily at Chicago, Cleveland, and Utica in straight
heats. But the gray was recovering some of his old form, and
an immense crowd assembled at Hartford to see the meeting between
the two flyers; but Rarus was sold to Mr. Bonner just before the
race and did not make his appearance, and in order that the spec-
tators might not be disappointed, a race was improvised with the
wonderful blind pacer Sleepy Tom, who had paced a mile at Chicago,
35
546 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
July 25, 1879, in 2 m.12}s.; but the pacer was of no account
that day, and Hopeful won easily. At Minneapolis, September 5,
he beat the gray pacer Lucy, and at Quincy, IIl., he beat her again,
the time at the latter place being 2 m. 163 s.,2m.173s.,2m.17s.,
and 2m.18}s. At Cedar Rapids he trotted against time, but
could do no better than 2 m. 234 s., and with this failure he closed
his labors for the season. Always a difficult horse to keep in con-
dition, he has done but little since worthy of his past reputation,
and to see him now one is reminded of Johnson’s lines,
“ Superfluous lags the veteran on the stage.”
“Le roi est mort! vive le roi!” The news of the withdrawal of
the mighty Rarus from the turf had hardly grown cold, before a
mightier than he dashed from the obscurity in which he had re-
mained for four years, and almost at a single bound gained the proud
position which Rarus had vacated. St. Julien, whose mile in 2 m.
123 s. stands at the head of the record, is a handsome bay gelding,
15% hands high, with two white feet and a slight star in his fore-
head. His entree into trotting society is interesting. One bright
sunny day in 1873, Mr. James Galway, who owned a half-mile
track at the beautiful village of Goshen in Orange county, N. Y.,
was attracted by the appearance of a handsome bay colt who spun
around the track at a rapid gait. The track when not wanted for
the regular races was generously thrown open to any of the neigh-
boring farmers or village horsemen who wished to try the mettle of
their horses, and being kept in good condition, was frequented
daily by many who imagined they were the happy possessors of
future Dexters or Edwin Forrests. The driver of the colt in ques-
tion was a stranger, old and shabby,.and the wagon and harness
were in keeping with the driver’s appearance, but the horse’s action
was so good and his speed so evident, that Mr. Galway hailed the
stranger and questioned him about the breeding of the colt. This
could not but be satisfactory, for right royal blood coursed through
his veins. He was foaled in 1869, his sire being Volunteer, the
greatest of all the sons of the dead hero of Chester, and his dam
a daughter of Corning’s Harry Clay. At Mr. Galway’s request
the farmer drove him twice round the track at such a rapid gait that
Mr. Galway, who held the watch on him, quickly consummated
the bargain, and paid the delighted owner the priced asked, $600.
He took him home, but did not train him until the fall of 1874,
when he was placed in the hands of Mr. William Sargent, who
drove him in all his races until he went to California. He
made his debut at Poughkeepsie, August 4, 1875, in the 2 m.
38 s. class. There were twelve starters. Great Eastern, the
Goliath of the turf, won the first heat in 2 m. 30 s., with St.
ght Secured.
te
°
- f) ami
ni » «4 : , _
3s
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 547
Julien a close second. St. Julien then cut loose and won the
three remaining heats and the race in 2 m. 30 s., 2 m. 26} s.,
and 2m. 302s. ‘Three days later at the same place he started
in the 2 m. 34s. class, winning the first, second, and fourth
heats in 2 m. 263 s., 2m. 30s., and 2 m. 263 s., Tom Moore,
a young stallion by Jupiter Abdallah, taking the second heat
in 2 m. 28 s. He then went to Hampden Park, Springfield,
Mass., where on the first day of the meeting he won the 2 m. 38s.
purse easily in straight heats, best time 2m. 28s. Three days
later at the same place he met Nerea, John W. Hall, Unknown,
Frank Munson, Sir William Wallace, Queen, and Lady Morrison
in the 2 m. 34s. class, and a desperate struggle ensued. Nerea
was the favorite at two to one over St. Julien, and justified the
partiality of her friends by winning the first heat in 2 m. 237 s.,
by a head, with St. Julien second and Unknown third. The latter
then won the second heat in precisely the same time, St. Julien
again coming in second. St. Julien now went to the front and
won the three remaining heats and the race in 2 m. 22} s., 2 m.
263 s., and 2m. 27s. At Hartford, August 31, he defeated a
good field in straight heats in 2 m. 28} s., 2 m. 26} s., and 2 m.
263 s., and two days later at the same meeting he appeared for the
sixth and last time that year, winning as he pleased from Great
Kastern, Sister, and Goldfinder in straight heats in 2 m. 25} 5.,
2 m. 233 s., and 2 m. 243s. This was his last engagement that
season. His career had been a brief one, but exceptionally brilliant.
He had met some of the fastest and most promising trotters then
on the turf, and not a single defeat dimmed the glory of his achieve-
ments. His winnings in purses alone in that brief campaign of
less than a month amounted to $8400, and consequently when he
passed into the hands of Mr. Orrin A. Hickok, the skillful Cali-
fornia driver, for the princely sum of $20,000, good judges did not
consider the price extravagant. His career on the Pacific slope
was at first a disappointment to his new owners. He trotted but
one race the next year at San Francisco, September 2, 1876, in a
match for $10,000, defeating Dan Voorhees, who won the first
heat, in 2 m. 263 s.,2 m. 254 s., 2 m. 304 s., and 2 m. 293 s., by
no means remarkable time for such a phenomenon as he was claimed
to be. He did not trot again that year, nor in 1877, nor in 1878,
and when on the 13th of September, 1879, he appeared as one of
the contestants for the Free-for-all Purse at Sacramento, it was like
a resurrection from the dead. Nutwood won a hard-fought race of
five heats, the best of which was 2m. 20s. St. Julien made such
an inglorious showing, being absolutely last in the first two heats
and having the distance flag dropped in his face in the third, that
when at Stockton one week later he defeated Graves and Nutwood
548 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
in2m.17s.,0 m.0s.,2 m. 183 s., and 2 m. 24 s., the public
could hardly realize that he was at last coming back to his time,
and that the new star was to shine with a brighter light than any
of its predecessors. In this race Graves won the second heat, but
the time was declared no record. The owners of St. Julien felt
assured that he could do better than this, and when Gen. Grant
had returned from his tour round the world, and California was
lavishing her honors upon him, they, too, thought that they would
show the ex-President a faster trotting horse than any he had seen
in his travels, and accordingly an exhibition was arranged for his
benefit at Oakland Park, San Francisco, October 25, and St.
Julien entered for a purse of $800 conditioned upon his beating
Rarus’ famous record of 2 m. 134s. The result is told in the
following abstract from the San Francisco Cal/ of the next day: _
‘“‘When the horses were called, General Grant and Senator
Sharon accompanied the president of the association, Dr. EH. H.
Pardee, to the judges’ stand. The great event of the day was the
attempt of St. Julien, with a running mate, to beat the best trotting
record for a purse of $800. The track was in a very favorable
condition for fast time. After a short delay St. Julien passed
through the gate and proceeded leisurely down the track to take a
little preparatory exercise previous to the trial in two dashes to
eclipse 2 m. 134 8., the record of Rarus, the king of the trotting
turf. The horse looked wonderfully fit and strong, and moved
with such ease and freedom that those who had seen him make a
mile at Stockton, and do even faster time at San Jose, were con-
fident that he would lower that record, but were too skeptical to
imagine that the name of St. Julien would be flashed last night all
through the land with 2 m. 12%. to his credit. There was no
betting on the event, but bets were freely offered at $50 to $25
that, not even in honor of the presence of General Grant, would
the record of Rarus be beaten. At the second attempt the bay
gelding, disdaining the aid of the running mate, came down to the
score ata grand swinging gait, and Hickok nodding assent, the
bell sounded and St. Julien sped along on his first trial, and hun-
dreds of watches were set clicking to beat time with his own
miniature weapons. General Grant stood in the corner of the
grand stand nearest the distance pole, and followed with an intense
gaze the fleeting animal as he passed around the lower turn, and
when he reached the quarter mile in 33 s., or at a 2 m. 12 8. gait,
there was a perceptible movement of surprise that was intensified
as the noble horse still increased his stride and reached the half in
1 m. 5} s., or the second quarter at the rate of 2m.95s. There
was a subdued murmur, and the spectators became seemingly im-
bued with the idea of witnessing a grand performance as St. Julien
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 549
sped on his way and reached the three-quarter pole in 1 m. 40 s.,
or the third quarter at the rate of 2 m. 19 s., but when well into
the home-stretch he again increased his stride, and, urged to his
utmost, he came along with a magnificent stride, and passed under
the wire in the unprecedented time of 2 m. 12% s. without the
slightest skip or break, the last quarter being made at the superb
gait of 2m. 11s. to the mile. The declaration of the record was
received with great applause, in which the General joined heartily,
and the gallant horse and his skillful driver were received with
rousing cheers as the latter returned to dismount and to show by
the scales one pound overweight. General Grant was so delighted
with the achievement that he went round to St. Julien’s stables
between the heats of the 2 m. 29 s. trot to look the horse over and
to congratulate Mr. Hickok.”
Thus closed the season of 1879 in a sunset of glory, and there
seemed little prospect that the record just made would be surpassed
for years to come, unless St. Julien himself should do it. In the
spring of 1880 his owner and trainer, Mr. Hickok, brought the
champion east, and at Detroit and Ionia he gave exhibition trots
preparatory to entering the Grand Circuit. At Chicago, July 22,
he easily defeated Darby and Hopeful in straight heats in 2 m.
172 s.,2m.18}s.,2 m.163s.,and at Cleveland, the following week,
he beat the same horses and Trinket and Great Eastern in 2 m,
152 s., 2m. 18?s.,and2m.173s. At Buffalo Trinket dropped
out, but the story was still the same, St. Julien winning as he
liked in 2 m. 162 s., 2 m. 163 s., 2 m. 154 8. But now the
shadow of a greater competitor than any he had yet met came
across his path, and at Rochester, August 12, he and Maud 8.
fought their famous duel, each trotting against time to beat St.
Julien’s California record, and each achieving the same record of
2m.113s. At Springfield he gave Darby and Hopeful another
drubbing, and at Hartford, August 27, he reached the climax of
his fame, and lowered his record to 2m.114s. He then started
for his home in the far west, stopping on the way at Minneapolis,
where he vainly endeavored to beat his record. He wintered well,
and when, in the spring of 1881, he again eame east, high antici-
pations of future conquests were entertained by expectant horsemen,
but he caught a severe cold at the very outset and started but
once that season. He is now in his prime, and next year may
make the peerless daughter of Harold tremble for her supremacy.
The Chicago meeting of July, 1880, was an unusually brilliant
one. St. Julien, Hopeful, Darby, Charley Ford, Hannis, Monroe
Chief, Bonesetter, Wedgewood, Piedmont, Will Cody, Parana, Vol-
taire, Hambletonian Bashaw, Josephus, Daisydale, and Etta Jones,
representatives of all the prominent trotting families, were among
the contestants, and a general slashing of the records ensued. But
550 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
amid the vast throng assembled at the course from day to day there
were very few who dreamed that a match, on the last day of meet-
ing, was to introduce to the trotting world one who would shortly
dispossess the mighty St. Julien of his premiership. This was a
Special Purse of $1000, for which the five-year-old Trinket and the
six-year-old Maud S. were entered. Trinket is a bay mare by
Princeps, son of Woodford Mambrino, and her dam was Ouida, by
Rysdyk’s Hambletonian (see Table XVIII., page 564). As a
four-year-old she had astonished the world by equalling Flora
Temple’s famous record, and though the next year she sadly dis-
appointed her backers, since then, in more capable hands, she has
proved herself one of the greatest mares that ever stood on iron.
In the Chicago match, however, although the favorite in the bet-
ting, she was flighty and acted badly, while Maud 8., steady as an
old campaigner, won the first two heats easily in 2 m. 195., 2 m.
214s. ‘Then, to the astonishment of all present, Captain Stone
boldly announced that in the next heat distance would be waived,
and as an arrow from the bow the beautiful chestnut shot away,
and passed under the wire in the wonderful time of 2 m. 134s.
Maud &., the queen of the trotting turf, is a beautiful golden-
chestnut mare, standing 15 hands 3 inches at the withers, and is
13 inches higher at the peak of the rump. Her head and ears,
like most of the Hambletonians, are large and rather coarse, but
there hostile criticism must stop. Her neck is as fine as a thorough-
bred, her shoulders are muscular ; she is long in the barrel, coupled
well back, strong loins, powerful symmetrical legs, and good feet.
She wears a fourteen ounce shoe forward, with four ounce toe
weights, and light shoes behind. Her action is the very poetry of
motion, and as she glided by, in the third heat of her great trot at
Belmont Park, the writer thought he had never before seen any piece
of machinery move so steadily or so beautifully. She was foaled on
the Woodburn Stud Farm on the 28th of May, 1875, and was sired
by Harold, son of Rysdyk’s Hambletonian. Her dam, from whom
it is generally thought she inherits her great speed and manner of
going, was the celebrated Miss Russell, a daughter of Pilot, Jr., out _
of Sally Russell by the famous Boston, the sire of Lexington and
Lecompte (see Table XX., page 656). She was owned, until her
fourth year, by Capt. George N. Stone, who is still her manager,
and being a very great pet, was named Maud S$. after his daughter.
When she was four years old, driven by her trainer and present
driver, Wm. W. Bair, she trotted an exhibition mile in 2 m. 174 58.,
and Capt. Stone sold her to Mr. Wm. H. Vanderbilt for $21,000.
At first the millionaire railroad king had reason to repent him of
his bargain, for, transferred to Carl 8. Burr’s stable, she behaved
so badly and showed so little speed that after some months she
was returned to Mr. Bair’s stable, and under his kind and patient
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 551
treatment the wild, impetuous, self-willed creature blossomed out
the perfect trotter she is to-day. Her first race, after her return,
was at Cincinnati, July 6, where she defeated Josephus, Lizzie
2d, and Outlaw, in straight heats, best time 2 m. 25 s.; her next
race was that with Trinket described above. At Cleveland, July 28,
she defeated Driver, Charley Ford, and Hannis, in straight heats,
and at Buffalo she met the same horses, and after losing the first
heat to Charley Ford in 2 m.17s., won the next three in 2 m.
154s8., 2m.163s., 2m. 163s. This was her last public race.
Henceforth she was to be reserved for trots against time. At
Rochester she essayed to beat St. Julien’s record, and the watch
stopped at 2 m. 11} s.; at Springfield the track was slow, and being
off, 2m. 19s. was the best she could do. At Chicago, Sept. 16,
she trotted in 2 m. 113 s., and two days later, at the same place,
she surpassed all previous performances, and closed the season of
1880 with a record of 2m. 102s. After this she went into winter
quarters at Cincinnati.
Her first appearance in public in 1881 was over the half-mile
track at Columbus, June 30, to beat Rarus’ 2 m. 173s. made there
three years ago. This she did in 2m.134s. At Detroit, July 4,
she trotted in 2 m. 13? s., and the week following, at Pittsburgh,
she reduced her record to 2m. 103s. At Chicago, July 23, she
trotted in 2m. 2148.,2m.114s8.,2m.11s., and at Belmont Park,
Philadelphia, although she failed to reduce her record, she trotted
the three best consecutive heats on record, 2m. 12 s., 2 m. 134 s.,
2 m. 123 s., trotting the first half of the second mile in 1 m. 3} s.
At Buffalo she again failed to reduce her record, but at Rochester
she passed under the wire in the wonderful time of 2m. 104s., the
fastest time ever trotted by any horse, mare, or gelding. At Utica
she had to be content with her past laurels, and thenceforth she was
reserved for the Hartford Meeting, where it was confidently ex-
pected that she would place the high-water mark at 2 m. 8 s. or
2m.9-s.; but alas for human calculations, while at exercise on
the day before that appointed for the exhibition, she turned her
foot, spraining her ankle, and was thrown out of training for the
rest of the season. What the limit of her speed is no one can
foretell; she has hitherto so ‘‘improved upon progress” that he
would be a bold man who would place a limit upon her invincible
powers. It is generally thought by those who know her best that
if any horse is to wipe out all previous landmarks and write 2 m.
8 s. at the top of the record, that horse is Maud 8.
The following brief statistics will show at a glance the wonder-
ful improvement in the speed of the trotting horse:
In 1818 the best mile in harness (Boston Blue), 3 m. 00 s.
In 1824 the best mile under saddle (the Albany Pony), 2 m. 40s.
Tn 1834 the best mile under saddle (Hdwin Forrest), 2 m. 314 s.
552 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE
In 1839 the best mile under saddle (Dutchman), 2 m. 28 s.
Tn 1849 the best mile under saddle (Lady Suffolk), 2 m. 26s.
In 1853 the best mile in harness (Highland Maid), 2 m. 27 s.
In 1859 the best mile in harness (Flora Temple), 2 m. 193 s.
In 1867 the best mile in harness (Dexter), 2 m. 17} s.
In 1874 the best mile in harness (Goldsmith Maid), 2m. 14s.
In 1878 the best mile in harness (Rarus), 2 m. 13} s.
In 1879 the best mile in harness (St. Julien), 2 m. 122 s.
In 1880 the best mile in harness (Maud §.), 2 m. 102 s.
In 1881 the best mile in harness (Maud §.), 2 m. 103 s.
The results of the Grand Circuit of 1879 are still more con-
clusive. At each of the five meetings embraced in it there were
purses given for nine classes of horses—from those who had
never trotted in public better than 2 m. 30s. to the Free-for-all
and Special Speed Purses. At Cleveland there were thirty-six
heats trotted and paced, and the average time was 2 m. 2133 s.,
Buffalo had forty-seven heats, with an average 2 m. 2137 s.; Utica,
thirty-four, with an average 2 m. 2142 s.; Hartford, thirty-nine,
with an average of 2 m. 2133 s.; Rochester, thirty-nine, with an
average of only 2 m. 2033s. The last was the fastest trotting
meeting ever held. In 1879 there were two hundred and seventy-
five trotting horses on the turf, with a record of 2 m. 305., or
better, and of these fourteen had faster records than Flora Temple’s
famous one at Kalamazoo, just twenty years ago.
When it is considered that by far the greater portion of the
best bred colts are kept for driving purposes or the stud, and that
very few even of the most promising trotters are kept long on the
turf, the enormous increase in the number of fast horses America
is annually producing is still more marked. But with all this the
demand for fast driving horses has been so great.that the supply is
not equal to the demand, and the increase in prices has been even
proportionately greater.
When, in 1858, Mr. William McDonald, of Baltimore, paid
$8000 for Flora Temple, it was the highest price that had ever
been paid for a trotting horse, and was considered the full value of
the fastest trotter in the world; but now there are scores of horses
whose owners would refuse double that sum for them.
The money invested in horseflesh for road purposes only may be
judged by the amount spent by Mr. Robert Bonner, a gentleman
who never permits any of his horses to trot for money, but keeps
them solely for his own driving. For Pocahontas Mr. Bonner
gave $35,000 and another horse; Rarus cost him $36,000; for
Dexter he paid $33,000; Edward Everett, $20,000; Startle,
$20,000; Edwin Forrest, $16,000; Lady Stout, $15,000; Grafton,
$15,000; Bruno, $15,000; the Auburn horse, $13,000; Wellesley
Boy, $12,000; Joe Elliott, $10,000; Maud Macy, $10,000; Mam-
brino Bertie, $10,000; Dick Jamison, $10,000; Maybird, $9500;
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 553
Lantern and Light, $9000; Music, $8000; three full sisters to
Dexter, $6500; Molsey, $6000; Peerless, $5500; Lady Palmer,
$5000; Prince Imperial, son of the famous Flora Temple, $5000 ;
Flatbush Maid, $4000; Eric, $4000; John Taylor, $3500; Lady
Woodruff, $3000; Centennial, $3000; Lucy Cuyler, $3000;
Walton, $3000; the Canada roan mare, $3000; Keen Jim, $2800;
Major Morton, $2500; the Carpenter horse, $2200; the Boston
gray team, $2000; Elsie Venner, $2000; Ada Duroc, $2000; Killa
Sherwood, $1600; Hebe, Grafton’s dam, $1500; Carl Burr,
$1200; Malice, $1200; Honest Peter, $1200; dam of the Morse
colt, $1200 ; Uncle Sim, $1000 ; dam of Clara G., $1000; Princess,
$1000. The list of itself amounts to $377,700. But in addition
to those mentioned Mr. Bonner has a large number of fashionably
bred brood mares, and several young mares and geldings of great
speed that he purchased at prices ranging below $1000.
That the trotting turf has been of inestimable benefit to the
great breeding interests of the country cannot be denied. It has
already added millions of dollars to the material wealth of the
country, and if the exportation of American horses to Kurope in-
creases as rapidly in the next few years as it has done during the
year now fast drawing to a close, the raising of horses will be
among the most important of American industries. But there is
almost always a dark side to every picture.
Up to 1870 there had been no co-operation between the man-
* agement of the different trotting courses of the United States. A
course might rule a driver or owner off its track for a palpable
fraud, but the punishment virtually amounted to nothing, as he
could immediately go to another course on the same footing as the
honestest man there. Is it any wonder that under this want of
system fraud oftentimes ruled with a high hand, and when exposed
laughed at those who had at heart the best interests of the turf?
It became evident that some plan must be devised to check the
growing flood of corruption which threatened to engulf the trotting
turf, and a call was issued to the different trotting associations of
the United States to send delegates to a convention to be held in
New York to promote the best interests of the trotting turf. The
convention met in February, 1870, and formally organized the
‘National Association for the Promotion of the Interests of the
American Trotting Turf.” Amasa Sprague, the great Rhode Island
manufacturer, was elected president of the association, rules for the
management of all the tracks belonging to the association were
adopted, and a board of appeals constituted, to whom all disputes
and doubtful questions were to be referred. This organization still
exists, and its influence for good has been immense. Nearly all
the principal tracks in the country belong to it and act together in
perfect harmony. And now if any one is ruled off a track the
554 A SHORT HISTORY, ETC.
punishment is no longer a light one, for expulsion from one track
means expulsion from all.
The future of the trotting turf is full of bright omens; rowdyism
and drunkenness are being banished from our leading courses, and
the races of the Grand Circuit are witnessed by thousands of spec-
tators, few of whom have a dollar in the pool-box, while beauty
and fashion fill the benches so long empty, and the sport is
relished for its own sake, and not for the gambler’s gains. The
clouds of prejudice and suspicion, which so long overhung it, are
drifting rapidly away, and many of our leading scholars and thinkers
are beginning to see that the turf is not as bad as it has been
depicted. In a recent address President Clark, of Amherst College,
makes the following sensible remarks: ‘“‘ With suitable preparation
and management, not only does a healthy horse suffer no distress
from trotting a moderate distance at the tup of his speed, but enjoys
it as highly as his driver. The match trotter is peculiarly gifted
with powers of locomotion, and his wonderful mechanism can only
be appreciated when in full operation. To most persons a closely-
contested trot isa beautiful and attractive spectacle, and experience
proves that nothing affords a more delightful or harmless amuse-
ment for the people, provided the surroundings and associations
are of the proper kind. The usual accompaniments of the race-
course—quarrelling, profanity, intoxication, gambling, and public
betting—may and should always be everywhere forbidden and pre-
vented. The morals of the community are of more consequence
than the breeds of horses. There is no more occasion for immor-
ality in connection with a trotting match, than in connection with
an exhibition of skill and swiftness in skating.”
But will these bright omens be fulfilled? Who can tell? One
thing is certain: the fate of the turf rests not with its enemies, but
its friends. The outrageous Edwin Forrest case at Utica, last year,
inflicted a far deadlier wound than bigoted opposition or rancorous
diatribe could possibly have done, and if the races are to be decided
in the pool-box and not upon the track, if horses are to be pulled in
order to save records, if drivers are allowed to form corrupt com-
binations, and the interests of the owners are treated as naught, the
turf will sink to a lower condition than it was before the National
Association was formed. But if the reform movement which was
then inaugurated is carried on in the spirit in which it was begun ;
if fraud, when exposed, is rigorously punished, no matter who may
be the sufferer; if the owners and breeders come to the front and
the gamblers are sent to the rear, then shall the trotting turf become
a blessing and not a curse, and when hereafter the foreigner visiting
these shores shall ask to see the productions of American genius
and enterprise, he shall behold none more truly characteristic, none
more worthy of his admiration, than the Trotting Horse of America.
TABLE OF PERFORMANCES,
CONTAINING THE
RECORDS OF ALL HORSES WHO HAVE TROTTED OR PACED
A MILE IN PUBLIC, IN 2:25 OR BETTER,
AND THE
BEST PERFORMANCES AT LONG DISTANCES, FROM THE
EARLIEST TIMES TO JUNE 21, 1882.
EMBRACING, ALSO,
THE DESCRIPTION AND BREEDING OF EACH PERFORMER ON HIS
SIRE’S AND DAM’S SIDE, IN THE MALE LINE, THE NUMBER
OF HEATS MADE BY EACH HORSE IN PUBLIC, IN
2:30 OR BETTER, AND THE DRIVER WHEN
THE RECORD WAS MADE.
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(581 )
TABLES OF BEST PERFORMANCES
Swi hiCAN RUNNING TURF:
BY
SD) Aap 1; CC) BRUCE,
Of the “Turf, Field and Farm.”
GL ji
I
YY,
*
“RUNNING TIME TABLE.
FASTEST AND BEST TIME AND MOST CREDITABLE PERFORM-
ANCES ON RECORD AT ALL DISTANCES, TO END OF YEAR 1879.
HALF MILE.
Olitipa (2), by imp. Leamington, 97 lbs. ; Saratoga, July 25, 1874,
Pomeroy (2), by Planet, 90 lbs. ; ; Louisville, Ky., May 23, 1877,
Harold (2), byi imp. Leamington, 110 Ibs. ; Saratoga, July 23, 1878,
Idalia (2), by imp. Glenelg, 107 lbs.; Jerome Park, June 8, 1876,
Leona (2), by War Dance, 89 lbs. ; Lexington, Ky. ” May 12, 1874,
Blue Lodge (2), by Fellowcraft, 97 lbs. ; Lexington, Ky., May 10,
USi9,..
Duke of Magenta (2) by Lexington, 110 Ibs. ; ; Saratoga, July 24,
1877,
Idalia (2), by i imp. Glenelg, 107 Ibs. ; : Long Branch, July 4, "1876,
Sensation (2); by i ree Leamington, 110 lbs. ; Saratoga, July 22,
1879,.
Kimball (2), ‘by imp. Buckden, 102 lbs. ; ; Louisville, Ky, May
Pal alisivi)
Observanda (2), by Tom Bowling, 97 Ibs. ; p ‘Louisville, Ky. ¥ May
Palle Asir()5 NG :
Grenada (2), by De Alfonso, 1 107 Ibs. : Long ‘Branch, July 5, B,
ORs 4 fs
FIVE-EIGHTHS OF A MILE.
Bonnie Wood 1 (3), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 102 lbs.; aera
July 20, 1878,
Grenada (2), by King Alfonso, 110 Ibs. ; ; Saratoga, Aug. 10, ‘1879,
Harold (2), by i va Leamington 110 ‘Tbs. ; ; Haus Branch, July
4, 1878
Rachel (2), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 93 lbs.; ; Long Branch,
July 6,1878, .
Palmetto (2), by Narragansett, 107 Ibs. ; Saratoga, Aug. 10, 1876,
Rhadamanthus (4), by imp. eestor, 100 Ibs. ; Saratoga,
July 25,1876, .
Egypt (aged), by Planet, 120 Ibs. ; ; Saratoga, July £9; ‘1879,
Bye (2), by i i Leamington, 100 lbs. ; Jerome Park, Oct.
i ne
Volturno (2), by i imp. Billet, 105 lbs. ; ‘ . Saratoga, Aug. 21, "1878,
(585)
586 RUNNING TIME TABLE.
THREE-QUARTERS OF A MILE.
First Chance (5), by chien 110 lbs.; Philadelphia, Pa., Oct.
Iris Mision 5 . : 7 abo
Lady Middleton (4), by i imp. Hurrah, “101 Ibs. ; ; Saratoga, Aug.
1, 1879, 1:17, 1:15}
First was dead heat with Checkmate.
Bill Bruce (4), by Enquirer, 108 lbs.; Lexington, Ky., May 12,
1876, 1:15
Connor (2), by Norfolk, 83 Ibs. ; 5 Carson, Nev., Oct. 19, 1879, 1;154
Rhadamanthus (5), by imp. Leamington, 122 lbs. ; 5 Saratoga, Aug.
ieaeri. 1:15
Florence B B. (3), by Tom Bowling, 92 Ibs. ; Louisville, Ky, Sept.
20,875) 1:15%
Madge 3), by i imp. Australian, 87 lbs. ; . Saratoga, Aug. 21, 1874, 1:15%
ete 3), by imp. Eclipse, 90 lbs. ; . Saratoga, July 15, 1872 1:16
Belle of the Meade (2), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 87 Ibs. ; Nash-
ville, Tenn., Oct. 9, 1876, . 4 . . . é oy a6
Enquiress (4) by Enquirer, 107 lbs.; Detroit, July 5, 1879, + SoLEG
Egypt (aged), by Planet; Louisville, May 28, 1879; heats, 1:16, 1:17
Milan (2), by Melbourne, Jr., 90 lbs. ; Louisville, Ky., May 26,1877, 1:16
Girofle (2), by imp. Leamington, 105 lbs.; Prospect Park, Sept.
13,1879, . 1:16
Spendthrift (2), by i imp. Australian, 100 lbs.; ; Nashville, Tenn.,
Oct. 8) 1878, \ 1:16}
Checkmate (4), by imp. Glen Athol, ‘115 Ibs. : Saratoga, Aug.
ee 16}
Kimball (2), by imp. Buckden, 100 Ibs. ; St. Louis, June 13, 1879, 1:164
Mistake (2), by Waverley, 100 Ibs. ; Louisville, Ky., eee 23,1879, 1:16%
Madge (5), by imp. Australian, 117 lbs.; Saratoga, N. Y., Aug.
ID; ASTG, A 1:164
Glendalia (4), by i imp. Glenelg, 109 lbs. ; : Louisville, Sept. 24, “1879, 1:164
Pique (2), by imp. Leamington, 107 lbs. ’. Saratoga, Aug. 27, 1877, 1:162
Tom Bowling (2), by Lexington, 100 lbs.; Long Branch, 1872, . 1:162
Bowling Green (2), by Tom Bowling; Louisville, Sept. 24, 1879, 1:162
Duke of Magenta (2), by Lexington, 110 lbs. ; Saratoga, Aug.
16, 1877 *1:16%
Spartan (2), by Lexington, 105 Ibs. ; : Saratoga, Aug. 16, 1877, > TGS
Sly Dance (2), by War Dance, 97 lbs.; Louisville, Sept. 22,
1879, : 13168, 1:17h
Bye- and- Bye (2), by i imp. Bonnie Scotland, 97 Ibs. ; ; Louisville,
Sept. 22, 1879, . *1:163
McWhirter (2), by Enquirer, 90 Ibs. ; "Louisville, Ky. ; Sept. 22, :
1876 1:1
Wallenstein (2), by Waverley, 100 Ibs. : Lexington, Ky. st May 15, :
STON alt
Countess (2), by Kentucky, 97 Ibs. ; ; Saratoga, 1873, : 1:17%
Beatrice (2), by Kentucky, 97 lbs.; Long Branch, ; 13174
Luke Blackburn (2), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 110 lbs. ; ; Pros-
pect Park, Sept. 6, 1879, : 1:17%
Oden (2), by Vauxhall, 110 Ibs. ; ‘Saratoga, “Aug. 7, 1879, : SIMI
Idalia (4), by imp. Glenelg, 113 ‘bs. ; ; Saratoga, ‘Aug. 5, 1878, 1:18
Spartan (2), by Lexington, 113 lbs.; Saratoga, Aug. 22, 1877, . 119%
* Dead heats.
RUNNING TIME TABLE.
ONE MILE.
Ten Broeck (5), by imp. Phaeton, 110 lbs., vs. time; Louisville,
Ky, May 24,1877, . : . é . : : C 2
Leander (Searcher), (3), by a UR 90 lbs.; Lexington, Ky.,
May 13, 1875, :
Redman (4), by War Dance, 103 Tbs. ; ; Lexington, Ky., May 13,
Gs «
Danger (3), by Alarm, 100 Ibs. ; Baltimore, “May 23, 1878,
Mahlstick (3), by Lever, 90 Ibs. : Lexington, Ky.,
Sept. 20, 1877, . c {
Chas. Gachamn (3), by Blarney stone, 87 lbs. ; Lex-
ington, Ky., Sept. 20,1877, .
Gray Planet (5), by Planet, 110 Ibs. ; . Saratoga, Aug. 13, 1874,
vs. time, .
Dan K. (3), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 98 Ibs. ; Louisville, Ky.,
May 29, 1877,
Goodnight (3), by Enquirer, 101 lbs. ; ; - Louisville, Ky. ‘ Sept. 23,
1879 :
Katie Pease (4), by Planet, 105 Ibs. ; ; Buffalo, N. Ys Sept. 8, ‘1874,
Alarm (3), by imp. Eclipse, 90 lbs.; Saratoga, July 17, 1872,
Glenmore (4), by imp. Glen Athol, 1101]bs.; Detroit, July 4, 1879,
Virginius (4), by Virgil, 108 lbs. ; Saratoga, Aug. 4, 1877,.
Cammie F. (4), by imp. Glenelg, 107 lbs.; Louisville, Sept. 20,
1879,. ° . . 5 : 6 °
Mistake (2), by Waverley, 100 Ibs. ; ; Louisville, Sept. 26, 1879,
Edinburg (4), by Longfellow, 110 lbs ; Lexington, May 11, 1878,
Belle of the Meade (2), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 87 lbs. ; Louis-
ville, Sept. 25, 1876, . :
Belle of the Meade (2), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, oi Ibs. ; : Louis-
ville, Ky., Sept. 27, 1876,
Spendthritt (2), se imp. Australian, 100 Ibs. ; ; Nashville, Oct. 12,
1878,
| dead heat,
Clara D. (2), byi imp. Glenelg, 87 Ibs. - Sacramento, Sept. 2", 1877,
Astral (2), by Asteroid, 86 lbs. ; Lexington, Ky., Sept. 12, 1873,
Parole (2), by imp. Leamington, 97 lbs. ; Saratoga, Aug. 10, 1875,
Aristides (2), by imp. Leamington, 100 lbs. ; ae Oct. 22,
1874,
Susquehanna (2), “by imp. Leamington, 97 Ibs. ; "Saratoga, Aug.
8, 1876 :
Charley Howard (: (3), by Lexington, 118 Ibs. ; ; Saratoga, Aug. 11,
1876
ae :
Finework (2), by Lexington, 97 Ibs. ; ; ‘Baltimore, October, 1874,
Hamburg (2), by Lexington, 90 lbs. ; Cincinnati, 1869,
Battle Axe (2), by Monday, 100 lbs. ; Saratoga, 1873,
Spindrift (aged), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 124 lbs. . Jerome Park,
June 6, 1876, .
Tom Bowling (), by Lexington, 105 Ibs. ; : Long Branch, Aug,
Shera?
MILE HEATS.
Kadi (6), by Lexington, catch weight, about 90 lbs.; Hartford,
Conn., Sept. 2, 1875; fastest second heat and fastest two
heats ever run, . ° . . . ° ° . 1:425
(>) |
oo
et
, 1:41}
588 RUNNING TIME TABLE.
L’Argentine (5), by War Dance, 1043 lbs. ; Louisville, Ky., Sept.
27, 1879 (Béatitude won first heat), . : . 1:421, 1:423, 1:45
Mark L. (3), by Monday, 100 lbs. ; Sacramento, Sept. 19, 1878,
1:43, 1:423
Himyar (3), by Alarm, 105 lbs.; St. Louis, June 4, 1878, . 1:423, 1:43
Camargo (3), by Jack "Malone, 100 lbs. ; Louisville, Ae A; ” May 20,
1875, . 1:42, 1:43}
Una (3), by War Dance, 91 Ibs.; ; Prospect | Park, June 25,
18 |, 1424, 1:45
Tom Bowling (3), by “Lexington, 100 lbs. ; ran mile heats at
Lexington, Ky., May, 1873, in . = - 1:433, 1:433
Thornhill (4), by Woodburn, 103 Ibs.; ran first two heats in
1:43, 1:43; Thad. Stevens (aged), by Langford, 115 lbs.; won
the third, fourth and fifth in. . : 1:433, 1:46}, 1:45
Clara D. (3), by imp. Glenelg, 97 lbs. ; : San. Francisco, Sept. ust
1878 . 1:43, 1:43}
Brademante (3), by War Dance, “91 Ibs. ; : Saratoga, “August 9,
1877, . .1:434, 1:43}
Bramble ( (3), by i imp. Bonnie Scotland, 105 Ibs. ; - Nashville, Oct.
7, 1878, . 1:43, 1:44
Lena Dunbar (4), by Leinster, 105 Ibs. ; : Sacramento, Sept. 17,
1878, | 1:44}, 1:428
Springbok (4), by veo “Australian, 108 Ibs. 5; Utica, IN. Ye, ve
25,1874, . . 1:45, 1:422
ONE MILE AND ONE-EIGHTH.
Bob Woolley (3), by imp. Leamington, 90 lbs.; Lexington, Ky.,
Sept. 6,1875, . 1:54
Janet Murray (4), by Panic, 105 lbs. ; . Brighton “Beach, July 31,
1879, ; 1:543
Blue Eyes (4), by Enquirer, 110 Ibs. ; Louisville, Ky. , May 28, ‘1879, 1:55}
Warfield (3), by War Dance, 90 lbs.; Louisville, Oct. 1, 1878, ee LeDG
Jack Hardy (5), by imp. Phaeton, 115 Ibs, 5 St. Louis, June 4,
1878, 1:56
Fadladeen (aged), by War Dance, 101 Ibs. ; Saratoga, Aug. 19,
1874, . 1:56
Picolo (3), by Concord, 83 Ibs.; . Saratoga, Aug. 165, 1874, . é af las
Himyar (4), by Alarm, 110 Ibs. : Louisville, Sept. 20, 1879, = 306
Jils Johnson (3), by Longfellow, ‘95 lbs. : Lexington, Sept. iit "1879, 1:56}
Fanny Ludlow (4), by imp. Eclipse, 105 lbs. ; Saratoga, Aug. 10,
1879, . 1:56
Round ‘Dance (3), ‘by War Dance, 83 Ibs. ; : "Louisville, Sept. 217,
1879 1:565
Konrad (5); by Rebel Morgan, 100 lbs. ; New Orleans, April 26,
1878, . MAO tie se
Ben Hill (3), ‘by i imp. Bonnie Scotland, 92 lbs. ; ; Louisville, Sept.
25, 1879; Victim (3), by Wes 92 lbs. ; Louisville Sept. 25,
1879 ; dead heat, : 5 1:56}
Mollie McGinley (3), by imp. Glen Athol, 95 ‘Ibs. ; Brighton
Beach, Sept. 10, 1879, : ‘ : a Bye olla
Una (3), "by War Dance, 91 lbs. - Prospect Park, Sept. 11, 1879, . 1:57
Susquehanna (3), has se Leamington, 107 Ibs. ; “Saratoga, aly
24,1877, . 1:574
RUNNING TIME TABLE. 589
Experience Oaks (3), by Lexington, 107 lbs.; Saratoga, Aug. 20,
1872, + ac57d
Bramble ( (3), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 105 Tbs. : Saratoga, Aug.
Unie, Wtehriteis | 1:58
Bramble (4), by i imp. Bonnie Scotland, 118 Ibs. ; ; " Saratoga, Aug.
S119, . . 1:58
Kennesaw (4), by i imp. Glengarry, 110 Ibs. : - Louisville, May 28,
C 1:582
Essillah (6), by Lever, 115 Ibs. ; ; Nashville, April ‘29, 1879, 1:584
Gabriel (3), by Alarm, 108 lbs. ; ; Brighton "Beach, Sept. 27, ‘1879, 1:59
Edinburg (4), by Longfellow, 110 Ibs. : Louisville, Sept. 25, 1878, Hea
Diamond (4), a imp. Pe puNRE LOS 115 lbs. ; Ogee R ane: N. Woop
Sept, 10,1878, - 1:59
Lancewood (2), by i imp. Leamington, 112 Ibs. ; "Saratoga, "Aug.
13, en: : : 5, US)
Belle (3), b y Dickens, 113 Tee - Saratoga, July 23, 1878, : 1:b9
Sithancnthus (4); by i ine Leamington, 118 lbs. . Saratoga, Aug.
15, 1876, . . 1:593
Spindrift (aged), “by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 124 Ibs. Jerome
Park, June 10, 1876, 52200
Phyllis (4), by imp. Phaeton, 151 Ibs. - Louisville, Sept. 27, 1876) 2: Ol
Spindrift (aged), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 168 lbs. ; Jerome
Park, June 12, 1875, . : 5 . 2:03}
ONE MILE AND A QUARTER.
Charley Gorham (3), by Peta 87 lbs.; Lexington, May
SU Siiicns 2:08
Falsetto (3), by Enquirer, 100 lbs. ; - Lexington, Ky. a May 10, 1879, 2:08
Grinstead (4), by Gilroy, 108 lbs. ; Saratoga, July 24, 1875, 2:08
Frogtown (4), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 104 No ‘Lesington,
Ky., May 10, 1872, . 2:093
Monitor (3), by i imp. Glenelg, 120 lbs. ; : Prospect Park, Sept. 9,
USil9s. F 2:10
Parole (5); byi imp. ‘Leamington, 121 Ibs. ; : Saratoga, July 20, 1878, 2:10
Mate (5), by imp. Australian, 116 lbs. ; Jerome Bark Octys, U8i4) 221
Preakness (7), by Lexington, 128 lbs.; Jerome Park, June 13,
1874, . 5 ; : : : : : ; : : A Re:
HB(CoHaCo tala
ONE MILE AND THREE-EIGHTHS.
Spendthrift (3), by imp. Australian, 123 lbs.; Jerome Park, June
10, 879, ~ 2:253
Gov. Hampton (5) by Planet, 114 lbs. ; : Prospect Park, June 21,
1879, . . 2:263
Bramble (4), by i imp. Bonnie Scotland, 118 lbs. ; . Long Branch,
July 10,1879, . : : : see
ONE AND A HALF MILES.
Tom Bowling* (4); by Lexington, 104 lbs.; Lexington, Ky., May
12,1874, . c ° b wae te d : : « 22843
* Tom Bowling was permitted to extend the run to two miles. He ran the first mile in
1:4134, mile and a half in 2:3434, one and three-quarter miles in 3:U034, and two miles In
3: 27345 the last two unofficial.
590 RUNNING TIME TABLE.
Parole (4), by imp. Leamington, 97 lbs. ; Saratoga, Aug. 14, 1877,
Lord soca (3), by Pat Malloy, 100 lbs.; Louisville, May 20,
ehh
Day Star (3), by Star Davis, 100 lbs. ; " Louisville, May 21, “1878,
Aristides (3), by imp. Leamington, 100 lbs. ; Louisville, Ky. ss May
Ls Misha 6s * . ° . . . . . ° °
Glenelg (4), by Citadel, 100 lbs.; Long Branch, Aug. 2, 1870,
Shylock (5), by Lexington, 114 lbs. ; Jerome Park, Oct. 31, 1874,
Baden Baden (3), by imp. Australian, 100 Ibs.; Louisville, May
We ASMlly) hs E . . ¢ . S .
Vagrant (3 (3), by Virgil, ‘100 Ibs. ; ; Louisville, May 14, 1877, . ;
Peru (3), by imp. Glengarry, 97 Ibs.; Lexington, Ky., Sept. 11,
1879,. °
Belle of Nelson (3), by Hunter’s Lexington, 97 Ibs. : Louisville,
May 23, 1878,
Imp. Saxon (3 ), by Beadsman, 110 Ibs. ; - Belmont Stakes, Jerome
Park, June 13, 1874, :
Tom Ochiltree (5), by Lexington, 124 lbs. ; Jerome Park, Oct.
US; LST,
Zoo Zoo (3), by imp. Australian, 113 Ibs. . Saratoga, Aug. 21, “1877,
Duke of Magenta (3), by Lexington, 118 lbs.; Jerome Park, June
SSS ye a ° 5 O
ONE MILE AND FIVE-EIGHTHS.
Ten Broeck (3), by? imp. Phaeton, 90 Ibs.; Lexington, Ky., Sept.
OFS nn tate
Monitor (3), by imp. Glenelg, 98 ‘Tbs. ; Prospect Park, Sept 13,
1879 -
Springbok (4), by i imp. "Australian, 114 Ibs. ; . Jerome Park, June
20,1874, .
Brademante (3), by War Dance, ‘101 Ibs. ‘ " Lexington, May 11,
Silene :
Harry "Bassett (3), by Lexington, 110 Ibs. ; Belmont Stakes,
Jerome Park, June 10, 1871, .
Mintzer (5), by imp. Glenelg, 124 Ibs. ; "Saratoga, ‘July 23, 1879, .
Katie Pease (3), by Planet, 107 lbs. ; Ladies’ Stake, Jerome Park,
June il, 1873, . : 3 :
ONE AND THREE-QUARTER MILES.
One Dime (3), by Wanderer, 100 lbs.; Lexington, Sept. 12, 1879,
Irish King (3), by Longfellow, 100 lbs. ; Stallion Stakes, Louis-
ville, Sept. 25, 1879, : c . : - :
Courier (4), by Star Davis, 101 Ibs. ; ; Louisville, May 23, 1877,
Reform (3), by imp. Leamington, 83 lbs. ; Saratoga, Aug. 20, 1874,
Mate (5), by imp. Australian, 100 lbs.; Long Branch, uly 15,
875, .
D’Artagnan (3 y; by Lightning, 110 Ibs.; Saratoga, July 24, "1875,
Gen. Philips (5), by imp. Glenelg , 112 lbs. ; Saratoga, Aug. 6,
Emma C. (3), by Planet, 97 lbs.; Louisville, Ky., Sept. 23, 1875,
Frogtown (4), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 104 lbs. ; Lexington a
May 16, 1872 :
Danicheff (4), by imp. Glenelg, 113 Ibs. ‘ Saratoga, Aug. 9, 1879,
2:49}
2:50
RUNNING TIME TABLE.
Gov. Hampton (5), by Planet, 114 lbs.; Prospect Park, Sept. 9,
879, .
Kenny (6), by Curles, 114 Ibs. ; Prospect Park, June 25, 1879,
Leveler (3), by Lever, 100 lbs. + Lexington, Sept. i), 1878,
Neecy Hale (3), a Lexington, 102 Ibs. ; Lexington, Ky., Sept.
14, 1876 4 < ° ° ‘ .
Catesby (4), by i imp. Eclipse, 99 Ibs. ; ; Saratoga, Aug. 15, 1874,
Parole (4), byimp. Leamington, 116 Ibs. ; Saratoga, Aug. 11, 1877,
Kennesaw (4), by imp. Glengarry, 110 lbs.; St. Louis, June 5,
1878,
Duke of Magenta (3), by Lexington, 118 Ibs. ; ; Saratoga, July 20,
1 °
te
Joe Daniels (3), by imp. Australian, 110 lbs. ; ; “Travers? Stake,
Saratoga, July 13, 1872,
Preakness ve by Lexington, 125 Ibs. ; : Baltimore, Oct. 21, 1864,
Viceroy (4), by Gilroy, 100 lbs. ; : Saratoga, Aug. 9, 1877,
Volturno (3), by imp. Billet, 110 lbs.; Brighton’ Beach, Sept. 16,
PETE Peat eo as ae an) Po
Attila (3), by imp. Australian, 110 lbs.; Travers’ Stake, Saratoga,
July 25, 1874, . . - . 3:094,
The first was a dead heat with Acrobat.
Mintzer (5), by imp. Glenelg, 121 lbs.; Saratoga, July 28, 1879, .
Falsetto (3), by Enquirer, 118 lbs. ; Saratoga, July 19, 1879,
Zoo Zoo (3), by imp. Australian, 118 lbs. ; Saratoga, Aug. 2, 1877,
TWO MILES.
Ten Broeck (5), by imp. Phaeton, 110 Ibs., against time ; Louis-
ville, May 29, 1877, .
McWhirter (3), by Enquirer, 100 Ibs. ; " Louisville, May 28, 1877,
Courier (4), by Star Davis, 101 lbs. ; Louisville, May 28, 1877,
Katie Pease* (4), by Planet, 105 lbs. ; Buffalo, Sept. ®). 1874,
True Blue (4), by Lexington, 108 Ibs. ; Saratoga, July "30, 1873, -
Jack Frost (4), ee Jack Malone, 108 lbs. ; Cleveland, O., July 31,
1874,. : C : .
Glenmore (4), by i imp. Glen Athol, 110 Ibs. ; - Detroit, July 5, 1879,
Lizzie Lucas (4), by imp. Australian, 105 lbs. ; Saratoga, Aug.
Ale W (Ge
Creedmoor (3), by Asteroid, 100 ‘Tbs. ; ; " Louisville, Ky. ty Sept. 20,
Gor
George Graham (3), by Rogers, 100 Ibs. ; first heat; Louisville,
Ky., Sept..25, 1875, .
Lord Murphy (3), by Pat Malloy, 100 lbs. ; ‘ " Louisville, Sept. 2 22,
King Alfonso (3), by imp. ‘Phaeton, ‘110 Ibs. ; ; ‘Louisville, Ky.
Sept. 20, 1875, .
Hegira (4), by imp. Ambassador, Th lbs. ; ; New Orleans, uae
Nov. 23, 1850, :
Littleton (4), by imp. “Leamington, 104 lbs. ; ; Lexington, Ky.,
May 23, 1871,
Monitor (3), by i imp. Glenelg, 107 Ibs. : . Baltimore, Oct. 21, "1879,
Wilful (3), by imp. Australian, 95 lbs.; Prospect Park, June 24,
1879, « JT OULD eis oe co nh
3:082
3:094
3:094
3:10
3:34¢
& * * Katie Pease came in first, but was disqualified and race given to Lizzie Lucas.
592 RUNNING TIME TABLE.
Charley Howard (3), by Lexington, 110 lbs. ; Saratoga, Aug. 10,
18
76,. : ; : 5 3 : ; 4 s Ay SEI
Vandalite (3), by Vandal, 107 lbs.; Breckenridge Stake, Balti-
more, Oct. 23, 1874, : ae:30
Himyar (4), by Alarm, 110 Ibs. ; Louisville, "Sept. 25, 1879, « 3:35
Falsetto (3), by Enquirer, 118 lbs. ; Saratoga, Aug. 1a, 1879, - 3:35}
Volturno (3), by imp. Billet, 110 Ibs. ; Baltimore, Oct. 25, 1879, - 3:35}
Vandalite (3), by Vandal, 107 lbs.; Dixie Stake, Baltimore, Oct.
20, 1874, \ 3:354
Harry Bassett (3), by Lexington, 110 Ibs. ; ; Saratoga, N. ve ) Aug.
16; 18h, wh 3:35%
Vigil (3), by Virgil, 115 lbs. ; ; Baltimore, Oct. 28, 1876, 5 . 3:374
TWO-MILE HEATS.
Brademante* (3), by War Bane 87 lbs.; Jackson, Miss., Nov.
Ivy LEME) pe : . 3:324, 3:29?
Willie D. (4), by Revolver, "102 Ibs. ; ; "Prospect Park, Sept. iil,
1879 . 3:34}, 3:35
Lottery (3), by Monday, 100 lbs. ; ; Sacramento, Cal. , Sept. 21,
1878, . . 3:36, 3:355
Arizona (aged), by Lexington, 111 lbs. ; Louisville, Ky., May
18,1875, . | oboe 34k, 3:35
Aureola (4), by War Dance, ‘lol Ibs. ; : ‘Lexington, Ky., Sept. ule
(e7a4. _ 3:378, 3:35}
London (3), by Lightning, 95 lbs. ; 3 Nashville, Oct. 5; 1872, 5.85 363, 3:374
Bushwhacker (4), by oN Bonnie Scotland, 105 lbs. ; : Baltimore,
Oct. 22,1878, . . 3:36, 3:364, 3:384
Princeton (4), 108 lbs., won ‘second heat by head, Bushwhacker
second; best average three heats.
Belle of Nelson (3), by Hunter’s Lexington, 92 lbs.; Cincinnati,
June 1,1878, . 5 - . 3: 37h, 3:364
Mollie Jones (aged), by West Roxbury, 112 Tbs. ; - "Galesburg, Il.,
July 4, 1874; Rocket won first heat, ‘ . | 3:36, 35 40, 3:37}
Eolus (6), by imp. Leamington, 118 Ibs. ; ; Baltimore, May 28,
1874, the fastest third heat, . ; . 3:40, 3: 391, 3:362
Lancaster (4), by gicpaa: "104 lbs. ; ; "Lexington, Ky., Sept. 12,
1867, . 3:35}, 3:38}
Jack Sheppard (3), ), by Jack Malone, 95 lbs. ; ; Nashville, Oct. 12,
1876, . 3:358, 3:422
Trish King (3), by Longfellow, 95 lbs. ; ; "Baltimore, Oct. 21,
1879, : |, BBE, 8878
Harkaway (5); by Enquirer, 115 lbs. ; St. Louis, June iG
1878, . rere
TWO MILES AND ONE-EIGHTH.
Aristides (4), by imp. Leamington, 108 lbs. ; Lexington, Ky., May
10, 1876, . . 3:455
Mate (6), by i imp. ‘Australian, 114 Ibs. ; : Saratoga, July 31) ‘1875, 3:46¢
Monmouth (4), by War Dance, 104 Ibs. ; ; Louisville, May 19, 1875, 3:48}
Big Fellow (3), by War Dance, 90 lbs. ; ’ Lexington, May 15, 1874, 3:50
Dave Moore (4), by Longfellow, 110 Ibs. ; ; Lexington, May 16, 1879, 3:504
* Brademante’s time very doubtful.
aati
RUNNING TIME TABLE.
593
Ferida (3), by imp. Glenelg, 95 lbs. ; Prospect Park, Sept.5, 1879, 3:54
Springbok (4), by imp. Australian, 108 lbs.; Saratoga, Aug. 3,
1874, . 3:56
Sultana (3), by Lexington, 112 Ibs. ; Jerome Park, Oct. iG, ‘1876, 3:56$
TWO MILES AND A QUARTER.
Preakness (aged), by Lexington, 114 lbs.; Springbok (5), by
imp. Australian, 114 lbs.; dead heat, . 3:56}
Harry Bassett (4), by Lexington, 108 lbs. ’. Saratoga, July 16, "1872, 3:59
Wanderer (6), by Lexington, 114 lbs.; Saratoga, Aug. 13, 1874, 4:004
Kentucky (4), by Lexington, 104 lbs.; Saratoga, Aug., 1865, 4:014
Fortuna (4), by Enquirer, 107 Ibs. ; Louisville, May 23, 1879, 4:014
Bramble (4), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 108 lbs. ; Baltimore, May
24,1879, . OT TASER one aks Penn aoe
Mollie McCarty (6), by Monday or ee 115 lbs.; Chicago,
June 25,1879, . - . 4 : - 4:02
Muggins (4), by Jack Malone, 118 Ibs. ; ; Saratoga, Aug., 1867, 4:03
TWO AND A HALF MILES.
Aristides (4), by imp. Leamington, 108 lbs.; Lexington, a
May 13, 1876, 4:27%
Katie Pease (4), by Planet, 105 Ibs. ; : Buffalo, Sept. 10, 1874, 4:283
Ballankeel (3), by Asteroid, 90 lbs.; Baltimore, Oct. 22, 1874, 4:31%
Helmbold (4), by imp. Australian, 108 lbs. ; Long Branch, July
30,1870, . 4:33}
Tom Ochiltree (5), by Lexington, 129 ‘Ibs. ; - Jerome Park, "June
18, 1877, . 4:36
Edinburg (5), by Longfellow, 115 lbs. ; ; - Cincinnati, June 7, "1879, 4:36%
TWO MILES AND FIVE-EIGHTHS.
Ten Broeck (4), by imp. Phaeton, 108 lbs. ; eee Bes
Sept. 16,1876, . . : 4:58
TWO MILES AND THREE-QUARTERS.
Hubbard (4), by Planet, 108 lbs.; Saratoga, 1873, . 4:582
Kentucky (5), by Lexington, 124 Ibs. ; Jerome Park, Oct. 3, "1866, 5:04
Tom Ochiltree (4); by a) 118 lbs.; Jerome Park, June
7. 1876, ; 5 : 5:094
THREE MILES.
Ten Broeck (4), by imp. Phaeton, 104 lbs.; Louisville, aie
Sept. 23, 1876, 5:26
Monarchist (4), by Lexington, 108 Ibs. : at Jerome Park, 1872
first mile, 1:45, 5:342
Tom Ochiltree (4) by Lexington, 118 lbs. ; | Long Branch, July
6,1876, . Sn Se .. -« 5358
THREE-MILE HEATS.
Brown Dick (3), by imp. Margrave, age from May 1, 86 lbs.;
New Orleans, April 10, 1855; the best second heat on record,
and second best three-mile-heat Tace, « . . 0: 308, 5:28
38
594 RUNNING TIME TABLE.
Mollie Jackson (4), 101 lbs., by Vandal; Louisville, Ky., May 25,
1861; Sherrod won the second heat. The last two miles of
the first heat were run in 3:35; the last two of the second heat
in 3:363; the ninth mile in 1:48}. This is the best three
heats and the best third heat on record, 6 5:354, 5:342, 5: 283
Norfolk (4), by Lexington, 100 lbs. ; Sacramento, Cal., Sept. 23,
1865; best average two heats, . : Oe atk, 5;293
Vandal (5), by imp. Glencoe, 110 Ibs. ; ; Lexington, May 26,
1855, . 5:26, 5:33
Whisper (aged), by Planet, 118 Ibs. ; ; wt. ‘Louis, June 8, 1878, De: 39, 5:354
FOUR MILES.
Ten Broeck (4), by imp. Phaeton, 104 lbs., vs. Fellowcraft’s time
(108 lbs.) ; Louisville, Ky., Sept. 27, 1876, s 7:152
Fellowcraft (4), by imp. ’ Australian, 108 lbs. ; ; Saratoga, Aug. 20,
1874,. 7:193
Lexington (5), by Boston, 103 Ibs. ; 3) U8. ‘time; New Orleans, La.,
April 2, 1855, . 7:192
Lexington (5), ’ by Boston, beating Lecompte, drawn after first
heat, 1033 lbs.; New Orleans, La., April 14, 1855, . . 7:232
Janet (6), by Lightning, 115 Ibs. ; Louisville, ‘Sept. 21, 1879, 7:25
Wildidle (5), by imp. Australian, 110 lbs. ; San Francisco, Cal,
Oct. 28,1875, . . 7252
Idlewild (5 Hs by Lexington, ‘117 Ibs. ; over Centreville Course,
L. 1., June 25, 1863, : eZow
Thad Stevens (aged), by Langford, 115 lbs. ; . best second heat;
California, Oct. 18,1873, . . pe EE,
Kentucky (5), by Lexington, 114 Ibs. ; : Saratoga, "1866, : o feedae
Silent Friend (4), by imp. Australian, 104 Ibs. ; New Orleans,
April 21, 1873, : 7:30%
Kentucky (6), by Lexington, 120 ‘lbs. 5 08. time at Jerome Park,
1867 ; first two miles, 3:36; first three, 5:29, . ; . ale
Abd-el-Kader (4), by Australian, 108 Ibs. ; ; Saratoga, 1869, ~ hoe
Abd-el-Koree (3), by imp. Australian, 95 lbs. ; Jerome Park, fall
1871; best time for a three-year-old, : : : - nce
Monarchist (4), by Lexington, 108 lbs. ; Jerome Park, 1872; first
two miles, 3:393; first three, 5.36, . 7:333
Tom Ochiltree (4), wy Lexington, 118 Ibs. ; . Jerome Park, Oct.
Te IS eS 80:36
FOUR-MILE HEATS.
Lecompte (3), by Boston, 86 lbs. ; at New Orleans, April 8, 1854,
beating Lexington and Reube; age from May 1, _ . 1:26, 7:38
Rupee (3), by Voucher, 86 lbs.; April 10, 1858; age from May
Ihe ~ oO Sb
Miss Foot (3), by imp. Consol ; at New Orleans, March 26, 1842,
8: 02, (este
Fashion (5), by imp. Trustee, 111 lbs.; over Union Course, L. L.,
May 10, 1842, beating Boston, match, : : aa 32], 7:45
Morgan Scout (4), 104 Ibs. ; by John Morgan, at Lexington, Ky.,
1870; best race ever run in Kentucky, . 7:322, 7:432
RUNNING TIME TABLE. 595
George Martin (5), 114 lbs.; by Garrison Zinganee, beating
Hannah Harris and Reel, March 29, 1843; Reel broke down in
first heat, c : - é - : : 4 e835 G43
Bushwhacker (4), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 105 lbs. ; Baltimore,
Oct. 26, 1878; Princeton (4), 108 lbs., won second heat,
7:31, 7:364, 8:29
Gienmore (4), by imp. Glen Athol, 108 lbs. ; Baltimore, Oct. 25,
1879; Willie D. won first heat; best average two aoe Uae:
heats, best 3d heat, . - , U:304, 7:31
Tally-ho (4), by Boston, 104 lbs. ; at Union course, L. L ey 8,
1849 ; Free Trade won the first heat, Bostona the third, and
Tally-ho the second and fourth, . ‘ 7:333, 7:432, 7:52, 8:103
HURDLE RACES.
Joe Rodes (5), by Virgil, 140 lbs.; mile heats, over four hurdles ;
St. Louis, June 4, 1878, . 1:50%, 1:504
Judith (4), by i imp. Glenelg, 143 Ibs. ; : mile heats, over four hur-
dles ; Prospect Park, Sept. 11, 1879, : 3 liste}, lela:
Lobelia (5), by imp. Bonnie Scotland, 143 lbs. ; ; mile heats, over
four hurdles; Fashion Course, L. L, Sept. 11, 1869, 1:51%, 1:53%
Waller (6), by imp. Hurrah, 162 lbs.; one and a quarter miles,
over five hurdles; ; Saratoga, Aug id, SHIRES Ae . 2:214
Disturbance (4), by Chillicothe, 136 lbs. ; one anda quarter 1 miles,
over five hurdles ; ; Saratoga, Aug. 22,1878, . socal
Problem (6), by Pimlico, 158 lbs.; one and a half miles, over six
hurdles ; Long Branch, July 5, 1879, : 0 Bae
Derby (6), by Eugene, 162 lbs.; one and a half. miles, over six
hurdles ; Long Branch, July 2, 1878, c 2:52
Judith (4), "by imp. Glenelg, 140 Ibs. sone and three- -quarter miles,
over seven hurdles ; Long Branch, Aug. 28, 1879, . 5 erelit:
Tom Leathers, by Camp’ s Whale, 114 lbs. ; two miles, over eight
hurdles ; New Orleans, April 16, IG : . 3:474
Redman (4), by War Dance, 132 Ibs. ; : two miles, over eight hur-
dles ; Louisville, Ky., May 19, 1876, : . 3:483
Captain Hutchinson (aged), by Voucher, 144 lbs. ; ; two miles,
over eight hurdles; Columbus, O. _ July 3, G5 Me 3:50
Jonesboro (4), by Lexington, 132 Ibs. ; two miles, over “eight
hurdles, welter weights ; New Orleans, April 11, 1868, : 3:514
Milesian, by imp. Mickey Free, 154 lbs.; two miles, over eight
hurdles, welter weights ; Long Branch, Aug. 3,1872, . . 3:525
Cariboo (5), by Lexington, 154 lbs. ; two and a quarter miles,
over nine hurdles ; Long Branch, Aug. 28, 1875, . : 5 4:33
STEEPLE-CHASES.
Deadhead (6), by Julius, 146 lbs.; about two and three-quarter
miles, 36 leaps; Saratoga, Aug. 26, 1878, . 5 | HERSEY)
Trouble (6), by Ulverston, 154 Ibs. ; about two and three- -quarter
miles, thirty-six leaps; Saratoga, Aug. 19,1876, . . 5:34%
Duffy (aged), by Hunter’s Lexington, 160 Ibs. ; about two and
three-quarter miles, thirty-six leaps; Saratoga, Aug. 5, 1873, 5:483
*
ESSAY
ON THE
AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE
BY
ELLWOOD HARVEY, M.D.
(597)
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Photographed from life by Scuremer & Son,
Copyright Secured.
THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE.
THE trotting gait has been brought to such a degree of excel-
lence in this country, and the breeding, training, and driving of
trotting horses claims so large a share of attention, both in town
and country, that a book on horses would be incomplete if it did
not treat more fully of these subjects than any foreign work could
be expected to do.
This Hssay is therefore intended to give some account of the
history of American trotting and of trotters of distinction, together
with a few suggestions on the breeding and training of this class of
horses.
Though trotting has been greatly cultivated here, and enters
more largely into the business and pleasure of Americans than of
any other people, it would be an error to suppose that no attention
has been given to it in any other country, or that the matching of
trotters in races had its origin here. The trot is a natural gait to
the horse, as it is to many other quadrupeds, and wherever horses
are driven in harness their trotting is likely to be improved. A
horseback rider finds the gallop and the canter easier to him, and
horses are chiefly trained to those gaits in countries where light
vehicles and good roads are unknown; as in Asia, Africa, the
eastern part of Europe, and all of America except the United States
and Canada.
Trotting, as a sport, began in England as early as 1791, in which
year we find an account of a brown mare, eighteen years old, that
trotted on the Essex road 16 miles in 58 minutes. On the 13th of
October, 1799, a trotting match was decided on Sunbury Common,
England, between Mr. Dixon’s brown gelding and Mr. Bishop’s
gray gelding, each carrying 168 pounds, which was won in 27 m.
10s. The distance is not stated, but the time shows that it was a
trial of endurance as well as speed. Nearly all of the English
trotting matches of that early period were of great distance. A
Mr. Stevens drove a pair of his own horses tandem, in 1796, from
Windsor to Hampton Court, 16 miles, in less than an hour; and
the celebrated English trotter, Archer, carried 210 lbs. 16 miles
(599)
600 THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE.
in 55 minutes. At about this period a variety of roadsters called
Norfolk trotters came into notice in England, and still maintain a
good reputation there, though none of them have ever attained a
speed that would be considered very fast here. In Russia a breed
of trotters was established by the energy and skill, as a breeder, of
Count Alexis Orloff, in the latter part of the last century. They
are called Orloffs, and are inferior in speed to American trotters.
Trotting as a public amusement began somewhat later in this
country. Porter’s Spirit of the Times, of December 20, 1856,
states: “The first time ever a horse trotted in public for a stake
was in 1818, and that was a match against time for $1000. The
match was proposed at a jockey-club dinner, where trotting had
come under discussion, and the bet was that no horse could be
produced that could trot a mile in 3 minutes. It was accepted by
Maj. Wm. Jones, of Long Island, and Col. Bond, of Maryland, but
the odds on time were immense. The horse named at the post was
Boston Blue, who won cleverly, and gained great renown. He
subsequently was purchased by Thomas Cooper, the tragedian, who
drove him on several occasions between New York and Philadel-
phia, thereby enabling him to perform his engagements in either
city on alternate nights.” This performance was more than twenty
years later than the first public trotting in England, where the
sport was then receiving some encouragement; and Boston Blue
was taken to that country, where he trotted 8 miles in 28 m. 55 s.,
winning a hundred sovereigns. He also trotted several shorter
races, making about 3 m. time. He was a rat-tailed, iron-gray
gelding, 16 hands high, and nothing is known of his pedigree.
Trotting received very little attention here until after 1820,
when the descendants of Messenger attracted notice by their speed,
spirit, and endurance—chiefly about Philadelphia and New York.
In 1825 the New York Trotting Club was organized, and estab-
lished a trotting course on Long Island.
In 1828 the Hunting Park Association was established in Phila-
delphia—‘ for the encouragement of the breed of fine horses, espe-
cially that most valuable one known as the trotter.”’ Its course,
known as the Hunting Park, was located about four miles north of
the city.
Before the era marked by the organization of these two associa-
tions, three minutes was about the shortest time in which any horse
here or in England had trotted a mile. In imitation of the four-
mile running heats then and now common, the first trials of trot-
ting speed were usually for three miles or more ; and effort was not
then directed to the development of the greatest degree of speed
for a single mile. For several years, two and three-mile heats were
trotted at about the rate of 2 m. 40s. to the mile, and that was
THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 601
the speed of the best horses then. The average speed of trotters
now, 1879, in races, as estimated by the records in Wallace’s
Monthly, is about 2 m. 35 s., though we now have many that can
trot in less than 2 m. 30 s., a few that can do it in 2 m. 20s., and
still fewer that can trot under 2m. 16s. Among the early celeb-
rities were Screwdriver, Betsy Baker, Topgallant, Whalebone,
Shakspeare, Paul Pry, Trouble, and Sir Peter; all grand-colts of
Messenger, except the first named, and he was a grcat-grand-colt.
As many of the most distinguished trotters of the present day claim
the same lineage, and as the influence of this great progenitor on
the trotting stock of the country was immensely greater than that
of all others together, a history of Messenger and his descendants
would be a pretty full history of the eminent trotting horses of the
world.
Messenger was an English Thorough-bred, foaled in 1780, and
imported, as were many other English Thorough-breds, on account
of his value as a running horse, and for the improvement of
Thorough-breds in this country. He had run successfully in sev-
eral races, and at five years old won the King’s Plate. It was
three years after this performance, 1788, that he was imported into
Philadelphia by Mr. Benger. He was kept for stud service in
Philadelphia and vicinity for several years, and in the latter part
of his life in the vicinity of New York. He died January 28,
1808.
Messenger was a gray, 15 hands 3 inches high, and stoutly built.
His form was not strictly in conformity with the popular notions
of perfection, being upright in the shoulders and low on the
withers, with a short, straight neck and a large, bony head. His
loins and hind quarters were powerfully muscular, his windpipe
and nostrils of unusual size, his hocks and knees very large, and
below them limbs of medium size, but flat and clean; and whether
at rest or in motion, his position and carriage always perfect and
striking. It is said that during the voyage to this country the
three other horses that accompanied him became so reduced in
flesh and strength that when the vessel landed at Philadelphia they
had to be helped and supported down the gang-plank ; but when
it came Messenger’s turn to land, he, with a loud neigh, charged
down the gang-plank, with a colored groom on each side holding
him back, and dashed off up the street at a stiff trot, carrying the
grooms along in spite of their efforts to stop him.
Though his name has been made illustrious chiefly by the per-
formances of his trotting descendants, he was also the sire of some
of the best running horses of his day. The most famous on the
turf of his immediate thorough-bred descendants were Potomac,
Fair Rachel, Miller’s Damsel (dam of American Eclipse), Bright
602 THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE.
Phoebus, Hambletonian, Sir Solomon, and Sir Harry. The cele-
brated four-mile racer, Ariel, had Messenger in her pedigree four
times in five generations.
In his day trotting was not much in fashion, as we have shown,
and nothing is known of the trotting speed of this great fountain-
head of trotters, nor were any of his sons or daughters ever trained
to that gait. It was the second generation of his\descendants, the
grand-colts of Messenger, and mostly those produced by a cross
with the common stock of the country, that attracted attention by
their trotting speed. This fact is easily explained. The Thorough-
breds of his get were trained to running, and were not used as road
horses, or some of them would probably have surpassed any of his
half-breed descendants in trotting. But even his own half-breed
cclts made no mark as trotters, though some of them became cele-
brated as the sires of trotters. This is somewhat remarkable; but
we should bear in mind that public attention had not then been
given to that gait, good roads and light vehicles were not so com-
mon, and the next generation being more numerous, the probabili-
ties were greater that this remarkable quality of the family should
not remain undiscovered.
The sons of Messenger to which nearly all the fastest trotters of
the present day trace their pedigree were Plato, Engineer, Com-
mander, Why-Not, Mount Holly, Mambrino, and Hambletonian.
Mambrino, named after the sire of Messenger, was thorough-
bred, a bright bay, 16 hands high, long-bodied, and, like his sire,
upright in the shoulders. He was not only a large but also a
coarse horse. He had a free, rapid, swinging walk, a slashing
trot, and running speed of the first order. He was the sire of
Betsy Baker, one of the first eminent American trotters, of Ab-
dallah, from whom are descended many of the fastest, including
the get of Rysdyk’s Hambletonian, who was sired by Abdallah, and
of Mambrino Paymaster, from whom are descended Mambrino
Chief and all his get, including Lady Thorn, Mambrino Pilot, Bay
Chief, &c. This son of Messenger stands undoubtedly at the head
of the family as a progenitor of trotters.
Next in celebrity is Hambletonian, also thorough-bred. He
was a dark bay, 15 hands 1 inch, beautifully moulded, and without
a single weak point. He was the sire of 'Topgallant, Whalebone,
Sir Peter, Trouble, and Shakspeare; all ranked among the best of
the early American trotters.
Abdallah was a grandson of Messenger, and deserves especial
mention in this connection because so many trotters of celebrity
are descended through him. He was foaled in 1826, the property
of Mr. John Treadwell, of Jamaica, L. I. His sire was Mambrino,
and his dam Amazonia, a granddaughter of Messenger. Thus
ere
THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 603
Abdallah was closely inbred. He was a bay, and inherited much of
the plainness of his sire; but also inherited the trotting quality of
Messenger in great degree. He was trained at four years old,
and was considered the fastest young horse of his day. In the
spring of 1840 he was sold to Mr. John W. Hunt, of Lexington,
Ky.; but, on account of the great value of his stock, he was
bought back’ the next year, at a high price, and died in 1852.
Besides being a progenitor, through | his son, Rysdyk’s Hamble-
tonian, of that numerous and highly-distineuished family of trotters
of which Dexter, George Wilkes, and Mountain Boy are the most
eminent representatives, he is equally remarkable for the number
of mares of his get from whom very fast trotters have been bred.
To say that a horse is “out of an Abdallah mare,’ is pedigree .
enough on that side with most horsemen.
Of the other sons of Messenger it is not necessary to speak at
length, though we find many horses of the present day descended
from them, and inheriting the Messenger characteristics. When
the pedir: ee of any fast trotter can be traced far enough, it rarely
happens that Messenger is not found init. Many horses that show
good trotting speed, and are considered by their breeders and
owners to be nothing but common stock, are found to be descended
from Messenger, when intelligent investigation reveals their pedi-
rees,
j Another imported horse that added something to the trotting
quality of our stock was Bellfounder, a stallion foaled about 1817,
and brought from England to Boston in 1823 by Mr. James Boot.
He was a bay of fine form, size, and action; and these character-
istics were transmitted to his colts with great uniformity. Many
of them were very good and stylish carriage horses, with consider-
able speed, but only those infused with Messenger blood were very
fast. Nothing is known of his pedigree, though his appearance
indicated that he was nearly thorough-bred. It was said that he
had trotted in England 2 miles in 6 m. when three years old, and
10 miles in 30 m. at four years old. It was also asserted
that he had trotted 172 miles in an hour; but these statements,
not being very well authenticated, are deemed apocryphal by
the best horsemen of this day. Many distinguished trotters are
in part descended from some of the many Thorough- breds that
have been imported from England at various times, and, indeed,
our most celebrated horses have a strong infusion of that blood,
derived from other sources than Messenger. Conceding the value
of good thorough-bred crosses in giving spirit and endurance to
trotting horses, and admitting that Diomed, Whip, Trustee, Glen-
coe, Margrave, and other imported Thorouch- breds have eminent
trotters among their descendants, it may be safe to say that all
604 THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE.
of them together would not have produced a family of trotters
without a cross from Messenger; and equally safe to assert that
the fame of Messenger would have been no less if any one of the ©
others had never been foaled. The imported Arabian, Grand
Bashaw, had the luck to have his name perpetuated in a family
of good trotters that originated in Bucks county, Pa., but the ©
trotting quality all came from Messenger, who stood in that county |
two years. The first of the Bashaws that manifested any trotting
quality was Young Bashaw, a son of the Arabian; and he was the
only one of the whole get (if we may coin a word) that was thus
endowed. The explanation is found in the fact that Young |
Bashaw’s dam was a granddaughter of Messenger.
Of American horses not descended from Messenger that have
contributed to establish the reputation of our trotters, the number |
is not large nor the influence very considerable. Sir Henry, the
famous competitor of American Eclipse, and Duroc, both thorough-
breds, and both descended from imported Diomed, seem to have '
transmitted some trotting quality to their descendants, but it is
very doubtful that either, or both, would have established a family
of trotters. Seely’s American Star, quite famous as the sire of
modern trotters, combines the blood of both, being sired by Ameri-
can Star, a son of Duroc, and out of Sally Slouch by Sir Henry;
but his grand-dam was by Messenger. American Kclipse, the
progenitor of many good trotters, had also the blood of Duroc, his
sire; but as his dam, Miller’s Damsel, was by Messenger, the Duroc .
part of the pedigree is seldom thoueht of. Americus, who beat
Lady Suffolk on the Hunting Park Course in a five-mile match to
wagons in the remarkable time of 13 m. 54s. and 13m. 58} s., was
by Red J acket, a son of Duroc, and not known to have juliet
his trotting from any other source.
Canada has added something to our trotting stock. In Lower
Canada, where the earliest settlers were French, and brought with
them a breed of horses now known in France as Normans, they
have a breed of hardy, spirited, compactly built horses, descended
from the larger French horse, ‘inheriting much of his form and
general appearance, but greatly diminished in size. These Cana-
dian horses are often called Cannucks, and by some are known as
French horses, a designation likely to lead to misapprehension.
They are of all colors, with thick, long manes, heavy tails, and
hairy legs. Their heads are generally very good in size and form,
faces dished, indicating gamey dispositions; necks well arched,
often heavy in the crest but carried well up; backs short, ramps
steep, particularly in those that pace; bodies round and roomy,
the ribs sometimes projecting from the backbone nearly horizon-
tally, giving a peculiar flat appearance to the back. ‘Their legs
THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 605
are generally good, but somewhat inclined to spring in the knees;
feet often narrow and mulish, but very durable. In trotting they
are usually short, quick steppers, with very high knee action, and
are spirited, trappy harness horses, and long-lived. These horses
are often said to be degenerated from their Norman ancestry by
reason of the coldness of the climate, the long winters and scanty
fare. There have been numerous importations from France to
this country of the choicest specimens of Norman horses, and an
impartial comparison shows that the Canadian has gained in spirit
and speed more than enough to compensate for all he has lost in
size.
The best of the Canadians that ever came to the States was,
probably, Pilot, a black pacing and trotting horse whose descend-
ants inherited trotting speed. He was often distinguished as Old
Pacer Pilot. Wallace’s American Stud Book says of him: “ Foaled
about 1826. Nothing is known of his pedigree. He was called
a Canadian horse, and both trotted and paced; at the latter gait,
it is said, he went in 2 m. 26 s. with 165 lbs. on his back. He
was bought about 1832 by Major O. Dubois, from a Yankee peddler
in New Orleans, for $1000. He was afterwards sold to D. Hein-
sohn, of Louisville, Ky., and was kept in that vicinity until he
died, about 1855. His stock was very stout and fast.” As noth-
ing is known of his pedigree, and as he was in all appearance a
genuine Cannuck, it is likely that he did not owe anything to
: Messenger. One of his get, Alexander’s Pilot, Jr., out of Nancy
Pope by Havoc, was the sire of many fast trotters, the fastest of
which was John Morgan, out of a mare by Medoc, and he by
_American Eclipse. The dam of Mambrino Pilot was also by Pilot,
_dr., and, like John Morgan, was of Messenger descent on the dam’s
side. Though the best of the descendants of Old Pilot are part
Messenger, there is none of that blood in Pilot, Jr., and it must be
confessed that Old Pilot sired some very good horses that took the
_ trotting all from himself.
| Another horse of Canadian origin, though not a Cannuck,
eave notice in this connection. Royal George, called Warrior
‘before he came to the States, the sire of the fast stallion Toronto
| Chief, and several other good trotters, was a native of Canada, and
probably out of a Cannuck mare, but his sire was Black Warrior,
_and he by Tippoo, a grandson of "Messenger.
| Some very good colts have been bred out of Cannucks by good
_ trotting stallions. Thus the celebrated sons of Rysdyk’s Hamble-
_tonian, Bruno and the Brother of Bruno, and their full sister,
| Brunette, are out of a Canadian mare.
| The bay stallion St. Lawrence, the sire of several fast trotters,
was a Canadian, and one of the best of his breed. He died >
|
=
606 THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE.
Kalamazoo in 1858. There is one other horse deserving especial
notice as a progenitor of trotters, in whose veins no blood of Mes-
senger can be found, though his pedigree is too obscure to warrant
the assertion that none existed there. Black Hawk, often called
Vermont Black Hawk to distinguish him from the equally cele-
brated Long Island Black Hawk, and also called Hill’s Black
Hawk, was of Morgan stock on his sire’s side; being a son of
Sherman, one of the best sons of Justin Morgan, the founder of |
the Morgan family. The dam of Black Hawk was raised in New
Brunswick, and nothing is known of her pedigree. Black Hawk
was foaled in 1833, at Greenland, N. H. At four years old he
was taken to Lowell, Mass., where he was used as a carriage horse |
for seven years. He then became the property of David Hill, of |
Bridport, Vt., where he acquired great fame, begetting more high-
priced colts than any other horse of his day. He had remarkable
power in propagating his own characteristics, and his stock were
uniformly stylish, spirited harness horses, many of them fast, and
some of them among the fastest. Another history of his pedigree
makes him the son of a Canadian named Paddy; and still another
declares him a veritable native of Canada, though not a pure
Cannuck. The story, as it was given the writer by Mr. Lucien
Béchard, a Canadian horse-dealer, is as follows: An old Canadian
Frenchman, engaged in smugeling tobacco from the States, bought |
there and took home with him a brown mare with foal. In due
time she had a bay colt, that at two years old begot Black Hawk
out of a little gray mare not over 14 hands high. The fortunate |
possessor of the black colt was a widow who lived by the Chambly |
River, in the Montreal district. At four years old he was sold to
John Harris for $200, and at six years old was sold again to Van
Loiseu, a dealer, for $400. Van Loiseu taught him many tricks, |
at learning which he showed great aptitude, and sold him in New
York to a Bostonian for $600. From Boston he got to Lowell, &e.
This story is probably all true of some horse, but the identity is not
established. Black Hawk’s colts were never gray, as many of |
them would have been if his dam was that color, but many of them
were chestnuts, with white feet and faces, which was the color of |
Sherman and of Sherman’s dam. This fact pretty clearly shows
that neither the “ Paddy” story nor the Canadian pedigree is
correct, but that Black Hawk was truly a Morgan. He was a |
little under 15 hands, and weighed about 1000 lbs. In 1842 he |
won $1000 by trotting five miles over the Cambridge Park Course’ |
in 16m. In 1843 he won a race of two-mile heats with ease in |
5 m. 43s. and 5 m. 48 s., and several times trotted single miles |
in 2 m. 42 s. He was the sire of Ethan Allen, Black Ralph,
Lancet, Belle of Saratoga, Black Hawk Maid, Flying Cloud, and |
THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 607
many others of good repute for speed. His colts were in great
demand, particularly in the West and South, where hundreds were
sold at very high prices. As many of his sons were kept as stal-
lions, his descendants are very numerous; and he undoubtedly has
done much to improve the stock of American horses.
There is another class of trotters that deserve especial notice.
Some of the fastest are horses that were originally fast pacers and
had their gait changed to trotting. The origin of these pacers is
yet unknown. Mr. J. H. Wallace, the editor of Wallace’s Monthly,
in New York, and the author of the American Trotting Register,
has traced them back to a breed known in New England during
the earlier periods of our country’s history as Narragansett Pacers.
The pacers are often roans and ‘duns to this day, although these
are the least common colors among horses, which is strongly
corroborative of Mr. Wallace’s theory that they were originally a
distinct breed, and that the pacing gait is not a mere chance occur-
rence among all the different breeds.
Mr. Wallace has done more to put the breeding of trotters on a
sound basis than any other person whatever, and probably more
than all others together. It is due to him to state that most of
the facts of history and pedigree contained in this essay were
derived from his Trotting Register.
These pacers, whatever may have been their origin, not only
pace very fast, as compared with trotters, and trot fast when con-
verted, but they have endurance equal to any others, thorough-breds
not excepted. They cross well with trotters, and when a horse of
pacing descent on one side inherits the trotting gait from the
other side, the pacing speed often goes into the trotting gait.
It has sometimes happened that the fastest get of trotting sires
have been out of pacing mares of moderate speed. In such a case
the colt seems to breed back to some speedy pacing ancestor. It
is a little puzzling to account for some of such facts. With our
present knowledge on the subje t we cannot well understand why a
trotting sire should beget faster colts out of a slow pacer than out
of a fast trotter, but such facts pretty frequently turn up. There
must have been great speed in some of the old-time Narragansett
pacers before trotting speed was cultivated anywhere.
Many horses both trot and pace, and of those that have both
gaits, some go faster in one and some in the other. To teach a
trotter to pace is somewhat difficult, unless the horse naturally
inclines to it, but it may be done sometimes by riding with a severe
eurb-bit and spurs. Of course it requires good horsemanship, as
well as means and appliances, to urge the movement desired, and
to restrain the animal from the steps he is most accustomed to
take. When the saddle was more in use than now, pacing was a
608 THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE.
favorite gait with many riders, but unless the horse can occasionally
change his way of going into a canter, it becomes very tiresome on
along journey. Though the rider may not be jolted from the
saddle so much as by a trotter, the wabbling twists his back first
one way and then the other most fatiguingly.
Pacing and cantering are pleasant gaits for ladies’ hackneys,
and are well enough adapted to short journeys. In harness the
pacer is not graceful. There is a gait, somewhat between a pace
and a trot, and called a single-footed pace, that does pretty well in
harness, but very few horses have it. For taking weight in har-
ness, or on muddy or rough roads, the trot is greatly preferable.
To teach a pacer to trot, various expedients are resorted to.
Fence-rails are put down about as far apart as a trotter steps in a
jog. The pacer is ridden over them, and finds it difficult to lift
his feet over them in that gait, and adopts the trot. When a horse
has become very tired by long pacing he will sometimes ease his
weary muscles by a change of action into a trot; and this he is
more likely to do if the roads are muddy. From such a beginning
a skillful driver may make the trotting permanent. The modern
method of converting pacers to trotting, and that which supersedes
all others, is putting weights on the toes of the forefeet when the
horse is to be driven.
Pelham was first a very fast pacer, and afterward became a dis-
tinguished trotter. In 1849 he was the first to win a heat in har-
ness in 2m, 28s. Cayuga Chief was a pacer in a livery stable, in
Worcester, Mass., and a favorite ladies’ hackney. One day he
struck a trot, and soon became distinguished. In 1844 he trotted
to a wagon with 220 lbs. in 2 m. 363s. The black gelding Pilot,
probably a son of the old pacer of the same name, was first a fast
pacer. He surprised his owner by striking a trot, and improved
so rapidly that in a short time he trotted in 2 m. 283 s. Tip, and
Dart, and Sontag were all pacers that afterwards trotted fast. Old
Pacer Pilot went fast in both gaits, and so did his grandson, Tom
Wonder, the sire of the famous twenty-mile trotter, John Stewart.
In 1843, Sir Walter Scott paced on Beacon Course eighteen
miles in less than an hour without a break or halt. In the same
year, Oneida Chief paced against the best trotters of that time—
Lady Suffolk, Confidence, and Dutchman—and won more races
than he lost, making 2 m. 283 s., the best time then on record.
In the following year, Tippecanoe paced at New Orleans in 2 m.
36 s., carrying a very heavy rider; and Unknown paced on
Beacon Course in 2 m. 23 s., a performance that had never then
been equalled by trotter or pacer. Old Pacer Pilot paced in 2 m.
26 s. with 165 lbs. on his back. In 1850, Roanoke paced under
saddle in 2 m. 213 s. He was a roan gelding, and nothing is
THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 609
known of his pedigree. In 1854, Pocahontas paced three heats
in a race at New Orleans in 2m. 208.,2 m. 25 s., 2m. 20s. But
in the next year in a race with Hero, the pacer, in a wagon that
weighed with the driver 265 lbs., Pocahontas paced the first mile
in 2 m. 17 s. This was never beaten until 1868, when Billy
Boyce paced at Buffalo faster than any other horse had ever trotted
or paced. In a race with Rolla Golddust, a trotter, mile heats, 3
in 5, to saddle, Boyce paced the second mile in 2 m. 15} s., and
the third in 2 m. 144 s., pacing the last half of the second mile in
1 m. 5} s., and the first half of the third mile in 1 m. 6s.
Woodpecker, the trotter, and James K. Polk, the pacer, both
took their speed from the same dam. Hero, the pacer, and com-
petitor of Pocahontas in her wonderful performance, was begotten
by Harris’s Hambletonian, the sire of the trotters True John, Green
Mountaih Maid, John Anderson, and Sontag, a mare that was at
first a natural pacer and afterward trotted very fast. Saltram, the
sire of Highland Maid, was a pacer, and his dam, Roxana, was also
a pacer. Highland Maid paced naturally, but was taught to trot,
and went very fast. At six years old she trotted against Flora
Temple, and lost the race by getting tired, being young, and going
into a pace, which was her natural and easiest gait. She won the
first heat in 2 m. 29 s., the second in 2 m. 27 s., but was distanced
in the third. Highland Lass, a daughter of Highland Maid, was a
fast trotter, and died in 1865. Her daughter, Highland Ash,
by Ashland, is also a trotter, and in 1868 won the Spirit of the
Times Stake for three-year olds, over four thousand dollars, in
2m.48s. Flatbush Maid, one of Mr. Robert Bonner’s pair that
trotted to a road wagon in 2 m. 26 s., was begotten by a chestnut
pacing horse that also trotted. Pocahontas is nearly thorough-
bred, and was begotten by Cadmus, ason of American Eclipse. She,
therefore, takes her wonderful pacing speed from Messenger, the sire
of Miller’s Damsel, who was the dam of American Eclipse. Her
daughter, Pocahontas, Jr., by Ethan Allen, is a trotter and very
fast.
One of the fastest of converted pacers, Smuggler, is of the
same family, being a son of Blanco that was by the sire of Poca-
hontas. His record is 2 m. 154 s. Other converted pacers of
distinction are Molly Morris, 2 m. 22 s., Filbert, 2 m. 28 s., Kan-
sas‘ Chief, 2 m. 214s., Snowball, 2m. 23s., Silversides, 2 m. 23 s.,
John B., 2 m. 27 s., G. T. Pilot, 2 m. 26 s., Dora, 2 m. 29 s., and
Bonesetter, 2 m. 20 s.
These facts, a few of the many that could be cited, show the
close relationship between pacers and trotters. They derive their
speed from the same sources; trotters beget pacers, and pacers
beget trotters; many go fast in one gait, and, after being taught
89
}
610 THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE.
the other, go equally fast in that; so that they may properly
enough be classed together, and designated by the common title of
American Trotters.
Though trotters are derived from so few sources as to be nearly
all related to all the others, there are certain families that claim
especial notice. The most popular of these is the Hambletonian
family, descendants of a horse of that name that was bred in
Orange county, N. Y., and owned there by William M. Rysdyk
(pronounced Risedick).
Hambletonian was foaled in 1849, and died March 27, 1876. He
was the sire of one thousand three hundred and twenty-four foals.
For the last five or six years of his life the fee was one hundred
dollars cash, in advance, and four hundred more when the mare
was known to be with foal. He served 217 mares in 1864, at $100
to insure, and had 148 foals. In 1865 he served 193 at $300, and
had 128 foals. As $100 was charged that year, and every subse-
quent year, for each mare. in advance, his fees in 1865 amounted
to $44,900; in 1866 the fees were $40,500, but in 1867 his
power began to fail. He served 77 mares that year, and begot
only 53 per cent. with foal; whereas, in former years, the percentage
was about 70. In the following year he was entirely withdrawn
from stud service, but resumed it again in the next, and continued
to serve about 20 each year while he lived. His owner received
for his stud services over $200,000.
Hambletonian begot Dexter in the year when he covered 87
mares; Bruno, when he served 106; Gazelle, Nettie, and Aber-
deen, when he served 193; and Startle when he served 107.
These are among the very fastest of all bis get. He was only two
years old and served 6 mares the year when he begot Alexander’s
Abdallah, the sire of Goldsmith Maid, Rosalind, Almont, Bel-
mont, and Thorndale. This was his best son as a trotting sire;and
the next best, Volunteer, was begotten when he was four years old
and served 101 mares. Happy Medium was one of 111 foals that
were begotten when Hambletonian was 13 years old and covered
158 mares.
Wallkill Chief is one of the sons of Hambletonian that has dis-
tinguished himself in the stud, and he was begotten when his sire
was 15, and served 217 mares that year and begot 148 foals.
The average number of mares covered was about 88 a year during
the whole time of his stud service ; and the average number covered
in the years when he begot the celebrities mentioned was 121.
In comparing the success of one horse with others in the stud it
should always be remembered that no two have had just the same
opportunities. Hambletonian had a splendid chance. He was in
a locality where several of the best trotting sires of the preceding
dtd WV H
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THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 611
generation had been kept, and had left plenty of trotting-bred
mares. His wonderful procreative power, and his long life, both
tended to increase the number of his fast get by increasing the
whole number of his foals.
Of the 1324 of his foals about 30 have trotted in 2 m. 30 s.,
leaving 1290, or more, that have not attained that distinction.
The reputation once made that sent the price of his service up to
$500 for each foal brought none but good mares to his embrace,
and almost every colt was trained for all that was in it.
With all of these advantages this most popular sire begot more
horses that were not worth what was paid for the begetting of them
than any other horse that ever lived.
This statement detracts nothing from the merit of a good mem-
ber of the family, but it is made to put breeders on their guard
against being entrapped into a losing speculation, in any case, by
the bait of a popular name.
A Hambletonian that is well bred on the dam’s side, and is a
good performer on the road or track, is as good as a similar horse
by some other trotting sire, but no better for either trotting or
breeding. Some of the fastest sons of the old horse have failed to
beget trotters, and his daughters are somewhat distinguished as
failures in the stud, though about a dozen out of a probable four
hundred that have been tried have produced foals that have fulfilled
the popular expectation.
That Hambletonian is a name of great significance in the trotting
world is justly true. It is a great family, more distinguished
than any other by the number and quality of its performers. And
it is also equally true that among both horsemen and the public
the Hambletonians are greatly overrated as compared with other
trotting families. The same thing was once true of the Black
Hawks.
Abdallah and Vermont Black Hawk have both been mentioned
before. They were both the founders of families of trotters, and
were both distinguished. Abdallah blood is a strong element in
several breeds, and his influence as a progenitor was never more
fully appreciated than now.
The Black Hawks suffered an eclipse after years of great popu-
larity, but not because they were inferior so much as because they
had been overrated. They are increasing in favor again.
The Bashaws originated in Bucks county, Pa.
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THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 621
apparent injurious consequences to the offspring. Black Flying Cloud
was by Vermont Black Hawk and out of a daughter ot’ Vermont
Black Hawk. He was a horse of fine size,—much larger than his
sire, —of elegant form and style, and begot horses of great excellence.
We have not yet solved the problem of in-breeding quite satis-
factorily, but one thing is certain: no plan of in-breeding will pro-
duce a good horse out of indifferent parents. The best that can
be done by it is to perpetuate the good qualities already established
in the family. Scrubs in-bred will produce scrubs, and probably
very scrubby scrubs.
In chickens, if in-breeding is continued for several years, the
first noticeable result is their increased productiveness of eggs. The
stock becomes smaller and more delicate with each successive in-
breeding; and all weakly animals are more prolific than stronger
ones, hence the increased number of eggs. When the conditions
of life depress and retard the development of plants or animals,
they become more prolific because their offspring will come into
being under circumstances unfavorable to the continuance of their
existence, and Nature equalizes the chances by producing more of
them. It is in accordance with this law that fat animals and idle
animals are not sure to breed; that families living luxuriously for
a few generations have very few children, while those that “live
from hand to mouth” are proverbially fruitful—A fool for luck,
and a poor man for children.”” The chickens are more prolific for
a few generations, but continue the in-breeding, and they become
so very weakly and small that the experiment will end in a good
out-cross. If it were continued longer in the same direction, the
result would probably be the extinction of the stock.
Taking Messenger as a single source of the trotting quality, and
supposing there was not another horse in the country above medi-
ocrity in that respect, we might expect some of his fillies to inherit
his trotting in great degree. To perpetuate that particular quality
in her offspring, it would be better to breed her to her sire than to
any horse of another stock, though her offspring might lose some-
thing in stamina by the in-breeding. It might be still better to
breed her to any son of Messenger that also, equally with herself,
inherited the trotting quality. In either case her colts would take
the trotting from two directions, and would consequently transmit it
with more certainty to their descendants than if they inher-
ited it from only one side. The trotting quality was a peculiarity
of Messenger, and by in-breeding it was perpetuated; so would
any other peculiarity have been—any imperfection. If Messenger
had been lop-eared, that quality could have been perpetuated in the
same way; but as breeders would not choose his lop-eared colts
to breed from, and would choose his perfect colts, the desirable
622 THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE.
qualities of the stock could be, and would be, perpetuated, and the
defects would become extinguished from his family.
The purpose of in-breeding the Messenger family was not, at
first, to produce trotters; but the result followed without regard
to the intention. Whatever loss of stamina accompanied the
practice was remedied by out-crossing, and the trotting was still
preserved by careful selection.
Taking this view of the subject, we see how the perpetuation
of any particular quality may be effected by in-breeding, and how,
also, the evils of the practice may be to a great extent avoided.
It should be borne in mind that Messenger was remarkably free
from defects, and had so much strength of constitution that his
descendants from good mares might be in-bred and still give good
constitutions to their offspring. It was because of this excellence
that the in-breeding was practiced; not for the purpose of re-
producing in the progeny any particular quality, but with a desire
to get as much as possible of the general characteristics of a horse
recognized as greatly superior to all others in the same vicinity.
The same reasons that induced to the practice made it physiologi-
cally safe.
Now let us suppose that another equally good trotting family
had existed at the same time and place, and that instead of breeding
Messenger’s descendants together closely they had been crossed with
the other family. The result would have been equal speed, with
equal power of transmitting it to ofispring, and better constitutions.
In breeding two trotting families together, if one has any defect
the other may correct it, as it is improbable that both will have
the same defect; but by in-breeding any defect of the family wl
be pretty surely perpetuated, as the colt will inherit it from both
sides. Now that we have trotters enough to allow of a free selection
without breeding near relations together, there are no reasons why
the practice should be continued, and many why it should not be.
The opinion is quite prevalent among breeders, that every horse
a mare is bred to modifies, not only his own get, but all the colts
she may afterward have by any other horses. Without denying
the facts set forth in the body of this book by Stonehenge, of a
mare that had colts by a horse, and that they resembled the
quagga she was first bred to, I am prepared to assert that no such
effects are commonly noticed when mares are bred to different
stallions. I have looked for such results in various species of ani-
mals—the human included—and could never detect the slightest
resemblance in the offspring of one sire to any other sire the dam
had previously borne offspring to. Practically, the theory is of no
value whatever. Another notion, about equally common, is, that
a mare that has bred a mule will not breed to a horse. It is
THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 623
equally unfounded. Mares are often bred to horses after having
been bred to an ass, and nobody ever sees a foal by a horse from
such a mare look like a mule. I have known several instances of
white women having mulatto children, and afterwards having
children by white men; and in no instance was the influence of
the negro perceptible on the child of the Caucasian father. If
any man has a good mare that has produced a colt from a scrub
stallion, he need not hesitate, on that account, to breed her to a
good horse, if he has an opportunity.
Breeders often desire that a colt shall be a male, or a female;
but that is always left to chance for the best of reasons. It is
probably possible, however, to discover the laws governing the
production of sex, and also possible to so control their action as to
attain the desired result. Some chance experiments in breeding
dogs, so long ago as 1845, induced me to a more careful investiga-
tion of the subject. I discovered, that if a slut were kept until
near the last of her heat, before a dog was admitted to her, the
pups would be chiefly males; but if she were at large, with all
the dogs of the neighborhood, from the beginning of the heat,
‘they would be mostly females. Further experiments, and on
other species of animals, were prevented by removal to a city ; but
having called public attention to the matter, in lectures on physi-
ology in several states, others have pursued the investigation with
very satisfactory results. Dog-breeders make practical application
of the discovery in hundreds of instances, and a few dairy-men
have found it applicable to cows. The theory is, that if the female
is long in heat before conception, it implies a scarcity of males,
and Nature supplies the deficiency by producing them. I also
noticed that if a cock had many hens, the chicks would be mostly
males. This I had but one opportunity of observing. The single
observation, however, is in conformity with the same law. Avpply-
ing the law to horses, it would follow that, other things being
equal, the more mares he served in one season, the more of his
colts would be males. The action of the law would be modified
by the time of the mare’s heat when put to him, and by the cir-
cumstance that his sire, his grandsire, and so on, for many genera-
tions, had been used to serving many mares in one season—so that
the power to do so without forcing the action of the law would
have become hereditary. If the mare were served in the begin-
ning of her heat, we might expect a mare foal; and if in the last
part of the erotic season we might, by the same rule, expect a
horse foal. Of course, the conditions mentioned as affecting the
stallion might modify the result. If a mare were put to a horse
in the last part of her heat, and if the horse had quite recently
served one or more other mares, the conditions would be favorable
on both sides to the production of a male offspring. If the case
624 THE AMERICAN TRUTTING HORSE.
were reversed—if she were in the first part of her season of ex-
citement, and he had not served a mare for a considerable time,
the conditions would favor the begetting of a female.
Many horsemen attempt to discern the speed of a horse in his
form, and in his way of going. Various signs are relied on, by
those who know less than they think they do, but there is but one
sign, and it is infallible; it is that the horse goes fast when tried.
A shoulder that slants well backward to the withers is considered
a good point in any horse—but Messenger had upright shoulders,
and so have some very good trotters of to-day. A long back, with
an open flank between the hip and ribs, is thought to allow of a
long stride, and some good trotters have that conformation; but
many others have short backs, and are ribbed close up to the hips.
Of these two forms, the last is the best, as it indicates that the
animal will keep in good condition on jess food. Flat-sided horses
have trotted fast, but not because they were flat-sided. War Hagle
had that conformation, and though he trotted in the best of com-
pany, he was not an all-day horse. I drove him a year in a
country practice before he trotted in public, and did not consider
the narrow chest and small abdomen any advantage. A steep
rump is a sign that a horse paces; but with the same form he may
be a trotter; and in either case it has no relation to speed. The
hind legs may be more crooked or more straight than usual, and
the fore legs may be a little sprung forward, or a little set back,
like a calf’s; the pasterns may be thick or slender, upright or
oblique; but none of these forms indicate speed, nor the absence
of it. Many fast horses are short in the rump—that is, from the
croup, or highest point, to the root of the tail. This is pretty
common among trotters; but some that are not fast have the same
shape.
In the way of going, there is as much difference with as little
significance. Some lift their fore-feet very high, with a great
deal of knee action ; others go fast, with a low, long stride. There
is a way of reaching out with the fore-feet, that seems utterly in-
compatible with speed. It is a long, pitching step, such as is seen
in horses trotting slowly and loftily in a field when startled. To
go fast the fore-feet should be struck at the ground, as if they
were pulling the horse along, whether the stride be long or short.
If a horse stands with the toes of his fore-feet turned in, he will
paddle in trotting; that is, he will swing his feet out right and
left from a straight line; and the foot that is most turned in at
the toe in standing will be most swung around like a paddle in a
mush-pot, in trotting. The movement is unsightly and objection-
able, but not absolutely incompatible with speed. If the toes are
turned out in standing, they will be turned in in trotting, and may
strike the opposite knee. This is so common in fast trotters, as to
THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 625
have received the appellation of speedy-cut. It should not be
inferred, that cutting the knee is any sign of speed. It only hap-
pens, that a horse with this defect in his way of going, hits his
knee when he goes fast enough to get his foot up that high. It
is a serious objection, but many more fast horses have that action
than the opposite one of paddling.
Nearly every good trotter goes with his hind-feet wide apart,
when he goes fast. There are some exceptions to this rule, but
they are not numerous. Some horses have a short stride, and as
they generally show plenty of knee-action, and step fast, they ap-
pear to go very fast, and so they do sometimes. The Cannucks, from
Canada, generally go in that way; and all of such steppers are
usually spirited and pleasant road horses, being free-goers. Long-
striders are sometimes rather heavy in a jog-trot; but they get
over the ground faster than they appear to, and on the road will
often pass short-steppers that appear to be going as fast, or faster.
Many of the best are long-striders, and, other things being equal,
the probabilities are greater uf a horse going fast in a long stride
than in a short one.
Hiram Woodruff, in his admirable work on “The Trotting
Horse of America,” expresses the opinion that short-steppers are
better_weight-pullers at speed, and gives reasons—speculative rea-
sons—for the opinion: but his own instances do not sustain the
rule, unless we accept the logic, that as exceptions prove the rule,
the more exceptions the stronger the proof. The truth appears to
be, that the ability to pull weight does not depend much on the
stride. The strongest movers are stout, muscular horses, broad
behind, with the knees and hocks let well down; that is, with
short cannon bones.
A horse may be lazy, and yet trot fast when called on; or he
may be very spirited, always willing to do his best, and not be
able to trot in four minutes. A very strong horse, that can trot
off with a loaded market-wagon behind him at a good gait, and
keep it up for miles, may not be a fast trotter at any weight. Or
a horse may have most excellent bottom—may take two men in a
wagon over common roads sixty miles in a day, and repeat it every
day in the week; or he may be good for ten miles an hour under
the same circumstances, and not be able to trot a single mile in
four minutes.
Speed, then, does not depend entirely on the form, nor on the
way of going, nor on the strength, nor on the spirit of a horse
The value of a fast trotter may depend greatly upon these quali-
ties, but not his speed. Any form, and any style of going, may
do, if he can step fast enough ; and the power to step fast does not
depend on form, spirit, strength, nor stamina—though all of these
40
626 TH# AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE.
do modify the manifestation of that power upon which speed does
depend.
Let us now consider the essential element of speed at any gait,
whether it be running, pacing, or trotting. All the movement is
effected by the contraction of those masses of lean meat called
muscles. The muscles of voluntary motion are each attached to
two bones by its two extremities, and the bones being attached to
each other by a movable joint, when the muscle contracts one or
both of the bones must move; and, of course the rapidity of the
movement depends on the rapidity of the contraction. An animal
wills the movement of a limb; that will, which originates in the
brain, is transmitted through nerves to the muscles ; they contract
and the limb moves. It would seem, then, that if a horse desired
to go fast, and his muscles were large enough and his joints supple,
he must needs do so whenever he tries; for if the muscles obey
the will, and the will is that they shall contract quickly, the whole
thing would be accomplished. Speed would then depend on the
size of the muscles, and the willingness of the horse to contract
them rapidly. But the facts are clearly against such a theory ; for
all have noticed that a highly spirited horse that is very strong to
pull a load, may not be able to go fast in any gait.
The truth is, that all power to move, lies not in the brain which
is the seat of the will, nor in the muscles which are the place of
the movement, but between the two, in the spinal cord, which
is the centre of the nervous system, and the generator of the
power. The spinal cord lies in the back bone, filling the canal
or hole that extends through its whole length, and giving off nerves
from every part of it that go to all parts of the body. It is con-
nected to the brain, and appears like a prolongation of it from the
cavity of the skull along the cavity of the spine; but the rational
view of the spinal cord, and the one that is sustained by compara-
tive anatomy, is that which considers it the centre of the nervous
system; the brain being an extension of it in one direction, and
the nerves an extension of it in another direction, the whole con-
stituting the nervous system.
The brain is the seat of all mental manifestations—of thought,
memory, love, fear, emulation, courage, &e. The disposition and
character depend upon the brain, but it is not necessary to animal
life. The nerves extend to every part of the body; some of them
convey sensations to the brain, as of heat, or cold, or pain; others
of them go to the muscles, and convey to them the power that is
generated in the spinal cord by which they contract. The will
to move is conceived in the brain, and goes to the spinal cord,
which then generates the power to move. The power, which for
convenience of language we will call nerve force, is sent through
the nerves and expended in the muscles, effecting their contraction
THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 627
and a consequent movement of the bones to which they are
attached. The brain may be compared to a telegraph operator,
the spinal cord to his galvanie battery, and the nerves to the
wires. A chicken with its head off kicks and flutters with strength
enough to fly over a barn, or to run around it. The spinal cord
generates the power for a short time, and would do so longer but
for the loss of blood; but the brain, that gives intelligent diree-
tion to the power, is not there. The battery is sending its elec-
tricity along the wires without the control of the operator.
If enough of the nerve force is sent to the muscles to move the
body a mile in six minutes, it is six minutes in being generated.
If the same amount of nerve force can be generated and sent to
the muscles in three minutes, we might suppose that the body
would be moved the same distance in three minutes; and herein
would appear to lie all the difference of speed. But the amount
of force generated by the nervous centre, and expended by the
muscles, in a given time, does not exactly explain the difference
of speed. One horse may expend as much nerve force in pulling
a load a quarter of a mile in three minutes, as another does in
trotting a whole mile in the same time, and yet not be able to trot
a mile in four minutes. The speed depends on the ability of the
spinal cord to generate and send to the different sets of muscles
concerned in locomotion, the required amounts of nerve force in a
quick succession of discharges ; and on the capability of the nerves
to transmit it to the muscles in large quantity in a short time.
The difference between trotting fast and drawing a heavy load, is
not in the amount of force used, but in the manner of using it.
In one case, the nerve force is sent to a muscle during the whole
time of taking a slow step with a heavy load; and in the other, it
is all expended in an instant, causing the muscle to contract
quickly, and thereby projecting the horse rapidly forward—the
acquired momentum continuing after the muscle ceases to con-
tract. It is like driving a nail by a succession of blows, that
could not be moved by the same aggregate amount of pressure dif-
fused and continued over the whole time of driving.
The essential quality of speed, at any gait, is therefore a cer-
tain organization of the nervous system, and this is the one thing
needful in every case. This is what we breed for when we breed
for speed ; this is the quality that has been transmitted through
so many generations from Messenger, Pacer Pilot, Pilot, Bellfounder,
and other progenitors of American trotters. A descendant of
Messenger might have neither his form, size, nor way of going,
but if he had a similar organization of the nervous system, he
would have speed. We cannot detect this peculiarity of organiza-
tion by any outward sign; we can know of it only by its mani-
festations. We know that it is hereditary, and we also know that
628 THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE.
it may be associated with any form. We therefore must respect
the pedigrees of the horses and mares we breed from ; and the more
of the trotting quality we find in their pedigrees, the more reason
we will have for expecting a fast colt. Form, size, style, and
action are all important matters in the constitution of any horse,
and particularly important in trotters, because they are kept for
use and for pleasure-driving as well as for racing; but the speed
is not a result of any combination of these qualities. The right
kind of a nervous system will accomplish more if the form and
action are good than if they are bad; and all the necessary condi-
tions of speed may exist in a horse, and yet he may be valueless
because of an incurably bad temper, or because he inherits a
strong tendency to some disqualifying disease. These matters
every breeder will use his own judgment on. Ifa mare is good
in all respects except speed, and is bred to a horse of speed, but
of bad organization in other respects, the colt may have all the
good qualities of the dam and the speed of the sire; or may have
the bad qualities of the sire and the want of speed of the dam.
It is impossible to foresee in what proportion the two parents will
transmit their respective qualities to the offspring; so that the
safest rule in breeding, is to have as much of all the qualities we
breed for in both parents as is possible. The speed should be in
both families to make its inheritance certain; but if it is strongly
inherited by one side, we may reasonably expect all of the progeny
to go faster than the parent that is not speedy. Thus a slow mare
bred to a good trotting-foal getter, will always produce faster colts
than she would if bred to a slow stallion like herself.
The condition of parents at the time of conception has a power-
ful influence on the progeny—whether it be mental or physical
condition. Offspring inherit both the congenital and the acquired
qualities of parents, as is well exemplified in the familiar case of
dogs taught to hunt birds, and when they are found, to stand and
wait for a man to shoot them, instead of rushing on to catch them
as the instinctive impulse would prompt. The standing is an
acquired quality, the effect of teaching, and yet it is transmitted
by hereditary descent as certainly as any other quality. A well-
bred setter or pointer pup will stand staunchly at a game bird, when
only four months old, without any teaching. The effect on offspring
of the transient condition of parents, may be seen in every family.
No two children of the same parents are alike, unless they be
twins. The reason is plain; the parents change from year to
year, and the children inherit the changed conditions. The father
may have a lawsuit, and a child may inherit the contentiousness
and obstinacy engendered by it ; he may afterwards be engaged in
active business enterprises, and transmit energy and a clear intel-
lect to another child; a third may be idiotic, because his father
THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 625
was enervated by a debauch. Many causes of change will occur
to each parent in the year or two that elapses between the births
of children, and these changes in the parents modify the constitn-
tions of the children. Twins may be much alike, because there
is no time for change, commonly, between the times of their con-
ception ; though they may differ by resembling different parents,
or by an interval between the times of conception, or even by being
the children of different fathers.
It is not essential to the transmission of acquired qualities, that
they shall have been long acquired; a few days of strength or of
debility, even perhaps a single hour of difference in the parent,
may make a life-long difference to the child. A mental impression,
however short, if only strong enough, may be transmitted. Well-
authenticated cases have been related to me, one of a full-bred
Durham calf that resembled neither parent, but a brindle ox that
strongly impressed the minds of both parents at the time of con-
ception ; and another of a litter of pigs of the white variety, .om-
mon in Chester and Delaware counties, and famous everywhere,
that were part of them black, because a black sow from Maryland
was conspicuously present at the time of conception. Several
eases have come within my own knowledge, of mares that pro-
duced foals colored and marked like some stable or field companion,
and entirely unlike both parents in that respect.
It is a popular belief that impressions made on the mind of the
mother during pregnancy, may be transmitted to the offspring ; but
that cannot be true, because there is no connection by nerve
between the mother and child; and a mental impression could not
be conveyed by the blood. All of such supposed cases were pro-
bably instances in which the impression was made on the mind of
the mother before conception—became a part of herself—and was
then transmitted to her offspring by the same law that any other
quality of a parent is transmitted. This accounts, probably, for
the well-authenticated case, before alluded to, of colts resembling
a quagea that was not their sire. The mare had a distinct recol-
lection of the strange beast associated in her mind, with the
sexual intercourse she had first with him; and subsequent occa-
sions of a similar kind with horses recalled the mental impression,
and it was transmitted, being, and having been for years, a part
of her mental constitution.
It follows, that in breeding for trotting horses, we should not be
unmindful of the temporary condition of the sire and dam. Mares
are generally worked, and are nearly always in very good condition
for breeding. With stallions, it is usually quite different. They
are kept, as if their use was procreating colts for beef, rather than
speed, spirit, and endurance. They are overfed and underworked;
they are fat and feeble; their muscles and ligaments are not
630 THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE.
strengthened by exercise; their blood is not purified by the
increased secretions that accompany a quickened circulation of
blood; their courage and endurance are not developed by a
long journey occasionally ; their emulation is not stimulated by
racing; and consequently these qualities, all so desirable in the
offspring, are not transmitted in the intensity and power they might
be if a more rational plan were pursued. The health and longevity
of the stallion are endangered by these debilitating causes, and the
best horse might lose reputation as a good trotting-foal getter
in a few years of the enervating management too common every-
where. It is supposed by many, that a horse that serves many
mares has demand enough upon his strength without working.
The truth is, he needs plenty of well-regulated cxercise to keep
his strength up, and his health good, that he may safely and pro-
fitably meet the great demand upon his vitality.
It is becoming quite common. to test the speed of trotting colts
at three, at two, and even at one year old; and with proper care, it
may be done safely. The trial should be made after a little pre-
paration, by gradually increased exercise, and the distance should
be short. Curiosity being gratified by a few trials, should be also
satisfied, for colts cannot stand much speeding without danger of
injury.
To teach a young horse to trot well requires judgment and care.
He is to be improved by practice, there is no other way; and he
should be made to like it, not fear it. He should make his best
effort, willingly, eagerly, and doing so repeatedly, he cannot fail
to improve. Kindness and gentleness are always necessary in the
management of horses, and especially so in the taming and teach-
ing of young horses. No horse should be put to a high rate of
speed until he is first warmed up and breathing freely, and then
he should be rested a little by a slow gait, but not allowed to cool
off before he is called on to do his best.
The young horse does not always know just what is wanted of
him, and it is therefore a good plan to trot him on the same piece
of level road always, and when he comes to it he will expect to
trot. He should never be made tired of it, but always stopped
while he is still anxious to go. The training is as much a mental
as a physical discipline; it must be both. Some horses need the
stimulation of the voice or whip; others will require only to be
held to their work. The dull one should be stimulated by emula-
tion—another horse should be trotted or galloped alongside of
him ; and whether the accompanying horse should be kept just
even with him, or a little before or behind, must be ascertained by
trial. _ An intelligent horse becomes discouraged by being beaten
in a race, and either breaks into a run to catch up, or quits mak-
ing any strong effort. Young horses being more impulsive and
THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE. 31
less under the influence of training and experience, feel the mur-
tification of defeat more than clder ones. Some colts are so
anxious to beat, that it is impossible to keep them trotting with a
competitor of equal or greater speed, but if put in double harness
they understand that they cannot get ahead of the other by run-
ning, and will do their very best trotting honestly. All animals,
except men, have more intelligence than they get credit for; and
a great many failures in the management of horses come from
men’s over-estimate of themselves, and their failure to appreciate
and properly regard the intelligence of the other animal.
The ground should be smooth, and level, or a little descending.
If rough it throws him out of his step; and if ascending he may
get to hopping, or hipping, as it is sometimes called—that is, he
does not trot square, but goes in a half gallop with his hind legs,
as an easier way of taking the weight along, while he trots with
his fore legs. ‘Taking too much weight, or being pushed beyond
his speed, may make him do it; and the remedies are, avoidance
of the causes, and driving at a moderate speed until the habit is
forgotten. The common notion that a horse can better trot up hill
than down, is too absurd to merit serious refutation. Whether the
hill be steep or otherwise, long or short, the horse can trot down
it, either under saddle or in harness, easier than he can trot up it.
A high speed for a short distance does not injure even quite
young horses, but keeping them at it until the ligaments that bind
the bones together at the joints are overtaxed, and feel sore the
next day, is the way to stiffen the joints, to cause knuckling of the
hind fetlock joints, and springing of the knees. No horse should
be so tired by a day’s work that a night’s rest will not make him
fresh again, and this is especially true of young horses. If a
horse is worked moderately at first, and a little more is exacted of
him in each succeeding day, but without violation of the rule just
stated, his powers will gradually increase to meet the increased
demand; but if that rule is violated for days in succession, the
horse’s powers daily diminish, and the experiment will end in
injury to his health and spirit.
In trotting young horses the greatest difficulty is in keeping
them squarely at their work. They will try to go as fast as they
ean, and they know that they can run faster than they can trot.
The colt that can naturally trot very fast will have less desire to
run, and being necessarily descended from trotting ancestors, he
will naturally be more disposed to do his best going in that way.
If possible, he should never be driven “ off his feet,’ but should
be made to understand that he has but one way of going, and that
is trotting.
Inexperienced drivers are never satisfied with their horse’s trot-
ting until they have driven them out of their gait, and then they
632 THE AMERICAN TROTTING HORSE.
are more dissatisfied than before. Rude snatching and sawing of
the mouth by the bit make matters worse—but the man who
always makes his horse break up, always punishes the horse for
doing it; and particularly is this true when some other horse is
out-footing his. He then imagines that his horse is not doing as
much as he could if he were disposed to; the whip is brought
into passionate use, and the bit is cruelly made an instrument of
torture to counteract the effect of the whip. This kind of driving
teaches a young horse that trotting is to always end in a break,
and the break in a painful and alarming punishment. These
unskillful, ungentlemanly drivers find a remedy for the horse’s too
much willingness in fatiguing him by a long drive at speed, after
which the poor creature may stick to his trot from sheer exhaus-
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TaN SD HX
ABDALLAH, by Mambrino, 602, 603,
611.
Abd el Kader, on the Arab horse, 40;
on the influence of the sire and dam
respectively in breeding, 110.
Abdomen, 278, 279.
Abdominal viscera, diseases of the,
350.
Accidents to the legs and feet, 413.
Action, locomotive, of the various
parts, 76.
Administration of chloroform, 431; of
physie, 445.
Africa, South, the horses of, 32.
Age, shown by the dental system, 258;
average, 28; best to breed from,
109.
Albany Pony, 508.
Alexander’s Abdallah, 610.
Ali Bey, his description of the modern
Arab, 33.
Alimentary canal, absorption of fluid
from the, 280.
Alteratives, 447.
Amaurosis, 387.
Amble, the, 95.
American LHeclipse
604.
American Girl, 526, 612.
American Star (Seeley’s), 613.
American trotting horse, history of the,
503 et seq. ; the, 50.
Americus, 511, 604.
Anesthetics, 448.
Anasarea, 418.
Anchylosis, 298.
Ancient methods of using the horse,
Wie
Andrew Jackson, 612.
Anodynes, 448.
Antacids, 449.
Anthelmintics, 449.
Aperients, 450.
Apoplexy, 380.
Apparatus for breaking to harness, 152.
Arab horse, of antiquity, 16; modern,
33.
(thorough-bred),
42
Archer (an English trotter), 599.
Ariel (thorough-bred), 602.
Arsenic, 352.
Arteries of the foot, the, 295.
Asiatic horses, the, 42.
Astringents, 452.
Atavism, principles of, 617.
Atmospheric air, changes produced in,
by respiration, 277.
Attitude assumed in standing, 78.
Australian horse, the, 44.
Back and loins, strains of the, 316.
Back-raking, mode of performing,
446.
Back-sinews, strains of the, 319.
Bail, the hanging, 168; gangway, 170.
Balanitis, 373.
Bandages, 196.
Barb, the, 30.
Barbs, treatment of, 352.
Barnacles, 434.
Bashaw family, the, 518, 611.
Bashaw (Green’s). (See Green’s Ba-
shaw.)
Bath, the Turkish, 213.
Baucher’s method of horse-breaking,
145.
Bellfounder (imp.), 603.
Bengal, the horses of, 43.
Betsey Baker, 508, 602.
Billy Boyce (pacer), 609; pedigree of,
653.
Birmah, the horses of, 44.
Bishoping, 264.
Bit-used for horse-breaking, 143.
Bites of insects, 392, 478.
Biting, remedy for the vice of, 206.
Black Dutchman, 612.
Black Flying Cloud, 621.
Black Harry Clay (Sayre’s), 612.
Black Hawk (Hill’s, also called Ver-
mont), 49, 606, 611.
Black Hawk (Long Island), 612.
Blacking, recipes for harness, 230.
Bladder, the, 284; calculi in, 373; dis-
eases of, 372.
657
658
Bleeding, 434; from the nose, 481; of
the lungs, 482; of the mouth, 482;
of the stomach, 482; inflammation
of the vein, when performed, 436.
Blindness, 385.
Blink Bonny (English thorough-bred),
62
Blistering, 439.
Blisters, 453.
Blood, the, 273;
274.
Blood-vessels of the chest and nose,
diseases of the, 349.
Bog-spavin, 313.
Bone, diseases of, 297; structure of,
248; fracture of the canna, 310;
strain of the round, 322.
Bone-spavin, 302.
Bones, number of, composing the skele-
ton, 252.
Bornou, the horses of, 32.
Boston (thorough-bred), 103.
Boston Blue, 508, 600.
Bots, 355.
Bowels, calculi in the, 365; inflamma-
tion of the, 357, 488.
Boxes in stables, 157.
Break, or trevis, the, 434.
Breaking, Rarey’s principles and prac-
tice of, 128; for the saddle, ordinary
method, 141; Baucher’s method, 145;
to harness, 151.
Breaking down, 321.
Breathing, physiology of, 277.
Breed of race-horses, object of encour-
aging the, 58.
Breeding, principles of, 99, 618 et seq. ;
rules for, 633.
Breeding-back, 617.
British horse, the original, 17.
Broken back, 476.
Broken knee, 324,
Broken wind, 346.
Bronchitis, 329.
Brood mare, the, 117; general manage-
ment of, 122.
Buck eye, 387.
Burns, 477.
Bursee mucose, anatomy of, 271; in-
flammation in, 314.
Butterfly (English thorough- bred), 61.
circulation of the,
CALcULI, in the bowels, 365; urinary,
373.
Canadian horse, the, 47, 604, 605.
Canker, 403.
Canna bone, fractures of, 310.
Cannucks (see Canadian horse), 604.
Canter, the, 89; mode of starting into
a, 238.
INDEX.
Capped elbow, 316; hock, 315.
Capulet (see Capped Elbow).
Caries, 298; of the jaw, 307.
Cart-horse, the Vermont, 55.
Cartilage, 266; diseases of, 312.
Cartilages, ossification of the lateral,
301.
Clay family, the, 612.
Casting, 432.
Castration, 440.
Cataract, 386.
Catarrh, 327.
Catch, insuring a, 634,
Catchpit, the, 163.
Caustics, 454.
Cauteries (see Caustics).
Cayuga Chief, 608.
Chapped Heels, 394.
Characteristics, of the horse, 18.
Charges, 455.
Chest, diseases of the blood-vessels of,
349; water on the, 345.
Chloroform, administration of, 431.
Choking, 479.
Choking distemper (see Fevers).
Chyle, the, 280.
Circulation of the blood, 275.
Clipping, 189.
Clothes, tearing off the, 204.
Clubs, trotting, establishment of, 508,
600.
Clysters, 445.
Coach-house, 174.
Coat of the thorough-bred, 75.
Coffin-joint, strains of the, 318.
Cold, 327.
Colic, 360; flatulent, 361, 488; spas-
modie, 361, 487.
Color, of the Arab horse, 37; of the
thorough-bred, 75.
Colt, breaking of the, 128.
Conestoga draught-horse, the, 55.
Confining the horse, methods of, 432.
Congestion of the lungs, 339, 483.
Constitutional diseases, 417.
Consumption, 346.
Contagious diseases, 491.
Contraction of the foot, 409; of the
heels, 429.
Convulsions, 375, 376.
Cordials, 456.
Corns, 397.
Coronary frog-band, the, 293.
Coronary substance, anatomy of the,
293.
Corrosive sublimate, treatment of ef-
fects of, 853.
Cough, chronic, 331.
Counter-irritants, 454,
Coup de soleil, 382.
INDEX,
Crib-biting, 202.
Cruiser, 128, 131.
Crust of the foot, anatomy of the, 292.
Curb, 322, 323.
Cushion of the frog, 293.
Cuts, stable management of, 222.
Cutting, 246; ordinary, 413; speedy,
415.
Cystitis, 372.
Dantet LAMBERT, 615.
Deafness, 383.
Delay in parturition, 490.
Demulcents, 457.
Depuration, 281.
Dexter, career of, 524; pedigree of, 643.
Dgelfe, a breed of Arab horse, 33.
Diabetes, 371, 452.
Diaphoretics, 457.
Diaphragm, spasms of the, 348.
Diarrhea, 362; medicines for chronic,
452; clyster for, 456.
Digestion, physiology of, 280.
Digestives, 457.
Diomed (imp.), 604.
Dishing, in the trot, 88.
Dislocation, nature of, 324, 476; of the
hip-joint, 324; of the patella, 324, 476.
Distemper, 328, 329. |
Diuretics, 458.
Docking, 443.
Dongola, the horses of, 32.
Door for loose box, 161.
Doors of stables, 161.
Drainage of stables, 163.
Draught-horse, the Conestoga, 55.
Dressing of horses before work, 183;
after work, 186.
Duct, the thoracic, 280.
Ducts, the lachrymal, 289.
Duroe (thorough-bred), 604.
Dutchman, career of, 510; race with
Rattler, 511.
Dysentery, 362; remedies for, 453.
Dyspepsia, 354.
Har, the, 289; diseases of, 383;
scratching the, remedy for, 204.
Early maturity of the thorough-bred,
57
East, the horses of the, 30.
Eclipse (English thorough-bred), de-
scription of, 27; Percival’s descrip-
tion of, 28.
Edwin Forrest (old), 510.
Edwin Forrest (Bonner’s), 542.
Egyptian horse, the ancient, 16; the
modern, 32.
Elbow-joint, capped, 316.
Embrocations, 458.
659
Emulsions, 459.
Enteritis, 357.
Hpilepsy, 375.
Erotic heat, duration of, 634.
Eruptions of the skin, 388.
Essentials in the thorough-bred, 60.
Ethan Allen, 49, 520, 615.
Excretion, physiology of, 281.
Exercise, daily, 200.
Exhaustion, after work, 221.
Exostosis, 297; of the humerus and
scapula, 305.
Expectorants, 459.
External form as indicated by points,
19; formation of the thorough-bred,
61.
Extremities, the anterior, 254; the
hind, 255; considered as organs of
support, 255; of locomotion, 256.
Hye, the, 287; simple inflammation of,
383; purulent ophthalmia, 384 ; iri-
tis, 384; injuries of, 386; cataract,
386 ; amaurosis, 387; buck-eye, 387;
wash for the, 461.
FAcer, anatomy of the, 254.
Fainting, 486.
False quarter, 399.
Farcy, 420.
Fearnaught (imp.), 53.
Febrifuges, 460.
Feeding, theory and practice of, 177.
Feeling, 290.
Feet, accidents to the, 413; manage-
ment of, 197, 484; dryness of the,
198.
Femur, fracture of the, 310.
Fetlock, strain of the, 318.
Fever balls and powders, 460.
Fevers, 417; simple, 417; typhoid,
417.
Fibre, muscular, 270.
Fibrous tissue, 268; chemical compo-
sition of, 269.
Firing, 436; method of performing,
437.
Fisherman (English thorough-bred),
62.
Fistula of the withers, 306.
Fits, 486; also see Epilepsy.
Flatbush Maid, 609.
Flatulent colic, 361.
Floors of stables, 161.
Flora Temple, 50; history of, 519.
Flying gallop, the, 92.
Foal, the, 125; treatment of the, 125;
weaning of the, 127, 634.
Foaling, best season for, 633.
Foals, rheumatic inflammation pecu-
liar to, 313.
660
Foot, anatomy of the, 290; contraction
of the, 409,429; fever of the, 403;
conditions of a good sound, 424.
Fore-quarters, relative proportions of
the, 21.
Formation, external, of the horse, 61.
Foundations of stables, 157.
Founder, 403.
Fractures, 308, 474; simple, 309, 475;
of the femur, 310; of the humerus,
310; of the canna bones, 310; of the
lower jaw, 310, 474; of the pelvis,
310, 474; of the pasterns, 310; of
the bones of the skull, 310, 474; of
the radius, 310; of the ribs, 310,
474; of the scapula, 310; of the
spine, 310; of the tibia, 310; com-
pound, 475; comminuted, 475; of the
tail, 474; of the limbs, 474.
Frog, anatomy of the, 293; bleeding
from the wounds of the, 474.
GAp-FLy, bites of the, 392.
Gallop, the flying, 90 ; method of start-
ing to the, 239.
Galls, harness, 391; remedy for, 459.
Gangway, bail for stable, 170.
Gastritis, 352.
General Knox, 614, 615; pedigree of,
655.
Generation, female organs of, 286;
male organs of, 255; theory of, 99,
617.
Generative organs, diseases of the,
373.
George M. Patchen, 612; history of,
521; pedigree of, 642.
George Palmer, 527.
George Wilkes, 525, 524.
Gland, the kidneys, 284; the liver, 283;
the pancreas, 284.
Glanders, 418.
Glands, structure of the, 280.
Glencoe (imp.), 603.
Godolphin Arabian, 31.
Golddust, 613.
Goldsmith Maid, history of, 528; race
with Smuggler, 534; inbred, 620;
pedigree of, 647.
Grain shoots, 160.
Granary. construction of, 160.
Grand Bashaw (imp.), 518, 611.
Grass, turning out to, 225.
Grease (Scratches), 394, 395.
Greek horse, the ancient, 14.
Green’s Bashaw, pedigree of, 639.
Grooming, 184.
Grubs, removal of, 392.
Hapsirs in a wild or free state, 18; out-
INDEX.
door bad, 243; remedies for bad,
202. i
Hacks, preparation of, for work, 220.
Heematuria, 371.
Hemorrhage, from the lungs, 349;
from the nose, 349.
Halters used for breaking colts, 142.
Hambletonian (Rysdyk’s), character
of, as a stallion, 611, 613, 614; cele-
brated horses begot by him, 610,
pedigree of, 637.
Hambletonian (thorough -bred),
Messenger, 602.
Hand-gallop, the, 90.
Harness, blacking, recipes for, 230;
breaking to, 151; care of, 229; fit-
tings for, 173; room in stables, 173;
galls, 391.
Hay chamber, 159.
Head, bones of the, 254; relative pro-
portions of the, 19.
Health, importance of, in sire and dam,
107, 617; upland grass useful in re-
storing, 226.
Heart, diseases of the, 348, 483.
Heels, chapped, 394; contracted, 430 ;
remedies for sore, 454.
Height of the thorough-bred, 75.
Henry Clay, 612.
Hepatization of the lungs, 340.
Herbert’s description of wild horse of
America, 46.
Hernia, reduction of, 444,
Hero (pacer), 609.
Hidebound, 389.
Highblowing, 338.
Highland Ash, 609; pedigree of, 650.
Highland Lass, 609.
Highland Maid, 609.
Hill’s Black Hawk, 606, 611.
Hind quarters, points of the, 25.
Hip-joint, dislocation of the, 324;
strain of the, 322.
“Hit,” causes of a, 106.
Hobbles, description of, and method of
using, 432.
Hock, capped, 315; strain of the, 322.
Hock-joint, strain of the, 322.
Hogging the mane, 194.
Hoof, anatomy of the, 291; develop-
ment of, by secretion, 293.
Hopeful, 544.
Horsemanship, Baucher’s method of,
150.
Hounds, riding to, 240.
Hovel, the, for the brood mare, 119.
Hughes, Mr., tames the Arabian stal-
lion Chillaby, 36.
Humerus and scapula, exostosis of,
305; fracture of the, 310.
by
INDEX.
Hunter, preparation of the, 206, 219.
Hunting Park Association, established,
— 508, 600.
Hurdle races, best performances, 595.
Hydrophobia, 377, 478.
Hydrothorax, a sequel of pleurisy, 345.
ImMPREGNATING, difficulty in, 634.
Improvement in trotting time, 549.
Inaction of the kidneys, 372.
In-and-in breeding, 103, 620.
India, horses of, 43.
Indian pony, the, 46.
Indigestion (dyspepsia), 354.
Inflamed, bursz mucosex, 314; tendin-
ous sheaths, 314.
Inflammation of the bones, 298; of
burse mucosa, 314; of the bladder,
372; of the bowels, 357, 488; of the
brain, 375; of the bronchi, 329; of
the eye, 383; of the kidneys, 369;
of the larynx, 332; of the lungs,
339; of the pleura, 345, 484; of the
stomach, 352; of the feet, 484; of
the vein after bleeding, 436; rheu-
matic, 311; wash for external, 461.
Influenza, 328; typhoid, 328.
Injections (see Clysters).
Insects, bites and stings of, 392, 478.
Intestines, the, 282,
Inversion of the uterus, 374.
Tritis, 384.
James K. Poux (pacer), 514, 609.
Jaw, caries of, 307; fracture of the
bones of, 310, 474; osteo sarcoma
of, 308.
Jog-trot, the, 236.
John Henry, failure as a stallion, 616.
John Morgan, 523, 605; pedigree of,
646.
John Stewart, 608.
Joint, strain of the coffin, 318; strains
of the hip, 322; dislocation of the
hip, 324.
Joints, the, 266; wounds of, 324.
Jugular vein, when obliterated, renders
the horse unfit to be turned out, 227.
Jumping, 96.
Justin Morgan, 48.
KainHAn, a breed of Arab horses, 34.
Kemble Jackson, history of, 518 ; pedi-
gree of, 648.
Kemble Jackson bit invented, 518.
Kicking, out of doors, prevention of,
245; in the stable, 203, 206.
Kidneys, diseases of the, 369; inflam-
mation of the, 369; maction of, 372 ;
situation of the, 284.
661
Knee-joint, strain of the, 317; punc-
tured, 326; broken, 324; wounds of
the, 324.
Kochlani, a breed of Arab horses, tra-
dition of the, 34.
LACHRYMAL apparatus, the, 289.
Lacteals, the, 280. ‘
Lady Suffolk, history of, 513 ; race with
Tacony, 515; pedigree of, 644.
Lady Thorn, history of, 526; pedigree
of, 645.
Lamina, the, 294.
Laminitis, 403; acute, 405; chronic,
406, 484.
Lampas, 351.
Lamp for singeing, 193.
Laryngitis, 332.
Lateral cartilages, ossification of, 301.
Leaping, 96.
Lecompte (thorough-bred), 55.
Legs, accidents to, 413; swelled, 393;
lotion for inflamed, 461.
Lexington (thorough-bred), 54, 55.
Libyan horse, the ancient, 17.
Lice, destruction of, 391.
Ligaments, 268; diseases of, 311;
strain of the suspensory, 318.
Lighting of stables, 165.
Lightning, 612. :
Limbs, as agents of locomotion, 256;
as means of support, 255.
Liniments, 457.
Litter, eating the, 205.
Liver, the, 283; diseases of the, 369.
Lock-jaw, 378.
Loins, strains of the, 316.
Long Island Black Hawk, 612.
Loose boxes, 157.
Lotions, 460.
Lower jaw, fractures of the, 310.
Lucy, 527; pedigree of, 649.
Lula, 530.
Lungs, congestion of the, 340, 483;
inflammation of (pneumonia), 339;
hemorrhage from the, 349, 482.
Lying down at work, 245.
Mac, 518; race with Tacony, 516.
Madness, 377.
Mad staggers, 375.
Mahomet, the traditional founder of
the Kochlani, 34.
Mallenders, 391.
Mambrino (thorough-bred), 506, 602.
Mambrino Chief, 602, 613, 614.
Mambrino Gift, inbred, 620.
Mambrino Paymaster, by Mambrino,
602, 614.
Mambrino Pilot, pedigree of, 638.
662
Mane, of the race horse, the, 76; hog-
ging the, 194.
Manege, paces of the, 96.
Mange, 389.
Mangers for stables, 170; material for,
yale
Mare, management of the brood, 117;
choosing the, for breeding, 619 ; time
of sending to the horse, 123, 633;
the Arab, 40.
Marrow, the, 250.
Marshes, useful in unsoundness of the
feet and legs, 225.
Match, trotting, first on record in Eng-
land, 599; first on record in America,
507, 600.
Maturity of the horse, 28.
Maud §S., 550; pedigree of, 656.
Medicines, list of the principal, and
recipes for, 447 et seq.
Mef ki, a breed of Arab horse, 33.
Megrims, 376.
Membrane, synovial, inflammation of
the, 313.
Mental development, 29.
Messenger (imp.), description of, 506,
601; influence upon trotting stock,
507, 602; character as a stallion, 507;
his progeny inbred, 621.
Methods of using the horse, ancient,
Wits
Middiepiece of the horse, proportions
of, 23.
Mode of progression in horses, 78.
Modern Arab, the, 33.
Molten grease, 364.
Moor-ill, 419.
Moorish horse, the, 17.
Morgan horse, the, 48, 613.
Morrill family, the, 612.
Morrill (Young), 612;
641.
Moulting, periodical, 29.
Mountain Boy, 527; pedigree of, 651.
Mounting, directions for, 230.
Mouth, age of the horse as shown in
the, 258; diseases of the, 350.
Mucose, burs, 271; inflamed, 314.
Muscles, 269; diseases of the, 311;
chronic rheumatism of, 312; rheu-
matic inflammation of, 311.
Mustang horse, the, 46.
pedigree of,
Narcotics (see Anodynes).
Narraganset Pacer, the, 52.
National Trotting Association formed,
551.
Navicular disease, 409.
Neck, relative proportions of the, 21.
Nejdi, a breed of Arab horse, 33.
INDEX.
Nephritis, 369.
Nerves, the, 286.
Nervous system, diseases of the, 375.
Neurotomy, for navicular disease, 412.
New York Trotting Club organized,
508, 600.
Nicking, operation for, 1438.
Norfolk trotter, the, 89, 600.
North America, wild horse of, 46.
Nose, the, 287; diseases of the blood-
vessels of the, 349: haemorrhage from
the blood-vessels of the, 349, 481.
Numidian horse, the, 17.
Nymphomania, 374,
Ozsect of encouraging the breed of
race-horses, 58.
Oneida Chief (pacer), 608.
Operations, 431.
Ophthalmia, purulent, 384.
Organs, classification of the various,
248.
Original British horse, the, 17.
Orloff Trotter, the, 600.
Ossification of the lateral cartilages,
301.
Osteo sarcoma of the jaw, 308.
Out-crossing in breeding, 104, 622.
Over-reaches, stable management of,
222; treatment of, 416.
Ozena, 328.
Pacer, the Narraganset, 52.
Pacers, 607; belonging to trotting
families, 608; to teach to trot, 608;
performances of, 575.
Paces, natural and acquired, 76 ; modes
of starting to the various, 235.
Pacing, nature of, 95; close relation-
ship to trotting, 609.
Paddock, the, for brood mares, 118.
Palpitation of the heart, 483.
Pancreas, the, 284.
Paps, 352.
Paralysis, 380; from injury of the
spine, 380.
Parturition, 490.
Pastern, fractures of the, 310.
Pasturing, 225.
Patella, dislocation of the, 324,
Paul Pry, 509, 601.
Pedigrees, importance of, in breeding,
617; tables of, 637-656.
Pelham, 608.
Pelvic arch, the, 255.
Pelvis, the, 284; fractures of, 310,
Performances, tables of trotting, 555;
pacing, 577; running, 583.
Perichondrium, 267.
Periodical moulting, 29.
INDEX.
Periosteum, the, 250.
Peritonitis, 357.
Persian horse, the, 41.
Phrenitis, 375.
Phthisis, 546.
Physic, effects of, 217; mode of ad-
ministering, 445.
Physic balls and drenches, 450.
Physiology, of the blood, 273; of di-
gestion, 280; of muscle, 269; of re-
spiration, 277 ; of secretions, 281; of
the skeleton, 251.
Pilot (blk. g.), 608.
Pilot, Jr. (Alexander’s), 605.
Pilot, Old (pacer), 605.
Piping, 338.
Pleura, the, 272.
Pleurisy, 345, 484.
Pleurodynia, 345.
Plunging, 245.
Pneumonia, 339.
Pocahontas, Jr., 609.
Pocahontas (pacer), 96, 609; pedigree
of, 652.
Points of the trotter, 624;
horse, 20.
Poisoning, 488.
Poll-evil, 307.
Pregnancy, 633.
Preparation, final, of the hunter, 219;
for work, 206.
Prices paid for trotting horses by Mr.
Bonner, 550.
Pricks, from a nail picked up on the
road, 416; in shoeing, 415.
Princess, 520.
Prioress (thorough-bred), 54.
Progression, mode of, 78.
Proportions of the various points, 26.
Proud-flesh, in wounds, medicines for
destroying, 404.
Puffs, 315.
Purchase of horses, the, 463.
Purges (see Aperients).
Purity of blood in the thorough-bred,
60.
Purulent ophthalmia, 384.
of the
QuARTER, points of the fore, 21; points
of the hind, 25; false, 399.
Quittor, 400.
Rasiss, of, 377, 478.
Race-horse, characteristics and shape
of the, 57.
Racing or hunting stable, 175.
Racking, 95.
Racks for stables, 170.
Radius, fracture of the, 310.
Rarey’s method of breaking horses, 128.
663
; Rarus, history of, 539.
Rattler, 510.
Rearing, management of, 244,
Reduction of hernia, 444.
Refrigerants, 461.
Reins, management of, 233.
Relationship of pacers to trotters, €09.
Relative influence of sire and dam, 110,
617.
Relative proportions of the horse, 19.
Respiration, 277; effect of, on atmo-
spheric air, 277.
Retention of urine, 373.
Rheumatic inflammation, 311.
Rheumatism, 311.
Ribs, fractured, 310.
Riding, 230; to hounds, 240.
Ring bone, 300; remedy for, 454.
Ripton, 512.
Roanoke (pacer), 608.
Roaring, 335.
Roman horse, the, 16.
Round worms, 367.
Rowels, 438.
Royal George, 605.
Running, action in, 96.
Running away, management of, 245.
Running turf, tables of best perform-
ances on, 583 et seq.
Rupture of the bowels, 364.
Rysdyk’s Hambletonian, principal sons
of, 610; money received for stud
services of, 610; pedigree of, 637.
Sas, a breed of Arab horse, 33.
Saddlery, care of, 227.
Saladin, 600.
Sale of horses, the, 463.
Sallenders, 391.
Salt, as food, 180.
Saltram (pacer), 609.
Sand-crack, 399.
Sarcoma, osteo, 308.
Saunterer (English thorough-bred),
64.
Scalds, 477.
Scapula, exostosis of, 305; fractures
of the, 310.
Scratches (see Grease).
Scratching the ear, management of,
204.
Screwdriver, 508, 509.
Scripture, the horse of, 13.
Seat in riding, directions for, 232.
Seclaoni, a breed of Arab horses, 33.
Secretion, physiology of, 281; meili-
cines for defective, 448.
Sedatives, 461.
Seedy toe, 408.
Seeley’s American Star, 604, 613.
664
Sensation, nerves of, supplied to the
lips, 290.
Servants’ rooms in stables, 174.
Seton needles, description of, 488.
Setons, insertion of, 438.
Shakspeare,-601, 602.
Shaving, 193.
Sheaths, inflamed tendinous, 314.
Sherman, by Justin Morgan, 606.
Shoe, clenches for the, 200; removal
of the, 199; different shapes of the,
428.
Shoeing, 421 et seg. ; pricks in, 415.~
Shoulder, the, 21; strain of the, 317;
lotion for galled, 461.
Shouldering, the habit of, 245.
Shying, management of, 243.
Sidebone, 300.
Side line, the, 433.
Sinews, strains of the back, 319.
Singeing, 192; lamp for, 193.
Sire and dam, relative influence of,
110, 617; condition of, in breeding,
629.
Sir Henry (thorough-bred), 604.
Sir Peter, 508, 601.
Sir Tatton Sykes (English thorough-
bred), 63, 75.
Sir Walter Scott (pacer), 608.
Sitfasts, 391.
Size, importance of, in the stallion,
617.
Skeleton of the horse, the, 250.
Skin, the organ of touch, 290; medi-
cines for disordered state of the, 447.
Skull, fractures of the, 310.
Sleepy staggers (see Apoplexy), 380.
Smuggler, 609; history of, 533; race
at Cleveland, 534; pedigree of, 640.
Soiling, 223.
Sole, the, 293; bruises of the, 416.
Sontag, 609.
Sore-throat, 350; catarrhal, 327.
Sovereign (imp.), 103.
Soundness, importance of, in sire and
dam, 107, 617.
Soundness, laws of, 464.
South American horse, the, 45.
Spasm of the diaphragm, 348.
Spasmodic colic, 361.
Spavin, bog, 313; bone, 302; remedy
for, 454.
Speed, of the Arab horse, 37; import-
ance of, in the stallion, 617; of the
trotter, 624.
Spinal column, the, 252.
Spinal cord, the source of the power to
move, 626.
Spine, injury of the, causing paralysis,
380; fractures of the, 310.
INDEX.
Spleen, the, 283.
Splints, 298; remedy for, 454.
Sprains, 477.
St. Julien, description of, 546; history
of, 546; trot against time, 548.
St. Lawrence, 605.
Stable management, 177; vices, 202.
Stables, 155.
Stafford, tamed by Rarey, 128, 130.
Staggers, mad, 375; sleepy, 380; stom-
ach, 353, 487; remedy for, 452.
Stallion, choosing a, for breeding pur-
poses, 617.
Stalls, 157; iron fittings for, 172.
Standing, attitude assumed in, 78.
Starting the horse in his various paces,
modes of, 235.
Stench traps, 164.
Stifle joint, strain of the, 322.
Stimulants, 462.
Stings of insects, 392, 478.
Stomach, the, 29, 282; medicines for
debility of, 448; staggers, 353, 487.
Stomachies, 462.
Stonewall Jackson, 525.
Strains, 316; of the back-sinews, 319;
of the back and loins, 316; of the
coffin-joint, 318; of the hock, 322;
of the fetlock, 318; of the hip-joint,
322; of the knee, 317; of the shoul-
der, 317; of the stifle-joint, 322;
of the suspensory ligaments, 318,
319.
Strangles, 351.
Strangulation of the bowels, 364.
Stride, in trotting, essential elements
of the, 624.
String halt, 381.
Stumbling, 246.
Styptics, 462.
Summering, 222.
Sunstroke, 382, 485.
Superpurgation, 363; remedy for, 449.
Surfeit, 388.
Surplice (English thorough-bred), 75.
Suspensory ligaments, strain of the,
318.
Sweating, object of, 208; the ordinary,
210.
Swelled legs, 393.
Syncope, 486.
Synovial membrane, inflammation of
the, 313.
Tacony, 515, 518; races with Lady
Suffolk and Mace, 515, 516.
Tail, the, 255; of the thorough-bied
race-horse, 76.
Tartary, the horses of, 43.
Teeth, the, 257; age of the horse as
- "INDEX.
665
indicated by, 258; irregularities in | Trumpeting, 338.
the growth of, 265.
Temperature of stables, 200.
Tendinous sheaths, inflammation of,
314.
Tendons, 268; diseases of the, 311.
Tetanus, 378.
Thick wind, 347.
Thomas Jefferson, history of, 531.
Thoracic arch, the, 254; organs, dis-
eases of the, 326.
Thorax, the, 272.
Thormanby (English thorough-bred),
58.
Thorns in the leg, 221.
Thorough- bred, characteristics and
shape of the, 57; influence upon
trotting stock, 507, 604; general
history of the American, 52.
Thoroughpin, 313; in the bursa, 315.
Thread-worms, 368.
Throat, sore, 350.
Thrush, 401.
Tibia, fractures of the, 310.
Tiles, enamelled, for stables, 172.
Tippecanoe (pacer), 608.
Tissue, fibrous, 268.
Toe, seedy, 408.
Tom Wonder, 608.
Tonics, 463.
Toorkistan, the horses of, 42.
Topgallant, 508, 602.
Touch, the organ of, 290; sense of,
necessary to the appreciation of
form, 290.
Training colts to trot, 630.
Training horses, Rarey’s method of,128,
Travis, the, of stables, 168.
Trevis, the, or break, Bee
Trimming, 193.
Trinket, pedigree of, 654.
Trot, the, 86; starting into a, 236;
teaching the colt to, 630.
Trotter, the American, 50, 503 et seq.,
597 et seq. ; the Norfolk, 89, 600; the
Orloff, 600; breeding of the, 616;
points of a, 624; elements of speed
in, 626; training, 630 et seq.; per-
formances of, 553 et seq.
Trotting, origination of, in England as
a public amusement, 599; origina-
tion of, in America as a public amuse-
ment, 507, 600; influence of import-
ed thorough- breds upon the trotting
stock of America, 507, 604; relation-
ship to pacing, 607 ; improvement in
time in, 549.
Trouble, 508, 602.
True Briton, the founder of the Morgan
stock, 48.
Trustee, the twenty-miler, 513
Tumers, on the tendons, 312.
Turkish bath, the, 213.
Turkish horse, the, 42.
Turning out to grass, 225.
Twitch, the, 434.
Typhoid fever, 417, 418.
Utcers, lotions for foul, 61.
Umpire (thorough-bred), 54,
Unknown (pacer), 608.
Unnerving, 444.
Unsoundness, what
463.
Unsoundness of the feet and legs,
marshes useful in, 225.
Urine, bloody, 371; retention of, 373;
bloody, medicines for, 452; medi-
cines to increase the flow of, 458.
Uterus, inversion of the, 374.
constitutes it,
VAGINA, inflammation of the, 374.
Veins, inflammation of, after bleeding,
436.
Venous blood, action of air on,
277.
Ventilating shaft, 167; windows,
162.
Ventilation of stables, 166.
Vermifuges (see Anthelmintics).
Vermont Black Hawk (Hill’s), 606,
611.
Vermont cart-horse, the, 55.
Vertebre, the, 253.
Vesicants (see Blisters).
Veterinary surgeon, what to do before
he comes, 469 et seq.
Vices, out-door, 243; stable, remedies
for, 202.
Viscera, abdominal, diseases of the,
350.
Vives, 352.
Watk, the, 78; mode of starting the
horse into a, 235.
Walkill Chief, 610.
Walking, rate of, 86.
Walls of stables, 173.
Warbles, 391.
War Eagle, conformation of, 624.
Warts, removal of, 396.
Washes, 460.
Water, 180; supply of stables, 165.
Water in the chest (Hydrothorax),
345.
Water pipes for stables, 165.
Weaning the foal, 127, 634.
Weaving, 205.
Weight, distribution of, 76.
666 INDEX.
Whalebone, 508, 509, 601. Work, preparation for, 206 ; treatment
Wheezing, 338. of, after, 220.
Whistling, 338. Worm medicines, 449.
Wild Dayrell (English thorough-bred), | Worms, intestinal, 367.
75. Wounds, 472; of the joints, 324;
Wild Horse of America, Herbert’s ac- medicines to destroy proud-flesh in,
count of the, 46. 454,
Wild Tartar horse, the, 43.
Wind, broken, 346; thick, 347. XENOPHON, his directions for puychas-
Windows for stables, 162. ing a horse, 14.
Wind-galls, 314; remedy for, 459.
Withers, fistula of the, 306. Youne BaswHaw, 518, 612.
Woodpecker, 609. Young Morrill, 612; pedigree of, 641.
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