^fllST UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY SPECIAL COLLECTIONS SB 97 A2 1782 I I « I TREASURE ROOM ^l/^. ^^H. ~Ft oaa tii^ie e e . Every Man his ownGardener. Being a New, and much mere Complete C^C- / "^ GARDENER'S KALENDAR THAN ANY ONE HITHERTO PUBLISHED. CONTAINING, Not only an Account of what Work is neceffary to be done in ths KiTcijEN and Fruit Garden, Pleasure Ground, Flower Garden, and Shrubbery j NuRSEriv, Green-House, land Hot-House, forevery Month in the Year, but alfo ample Dircftinns tor performing the faid Work, according to the neweft and moft ap- proved Methods now in Pra*itice among the beft Gardeners. With complete praiHcal Direfllons for forcing all Kinds of choice Plants, Flowers, and Fruits, to early Perfeftion, in Hot-beds, Hot-houfes, Hot-walls, Forcing-frames, Forcing-houfes, Vineries, &G. ALfo particular Dire<^ions relative to Soil and Situation, adapted to the diiitircnt Sorts of Plants and Trees, ice. And to the whole is added, complete and'ufeful Lifts of Kitchen Gard-en IEvergreeks, Plants, Fruit-Trees, Forest Trees, Flowering Shrubs, An n u a l , B I e n n I a l j and Perennial Fibrous-rooted Flowers, Bulbous and Tube- rous- rooted Flowers, Green -HOUSE, and Ho t-housePl ants. Proper for Cultivation in the Engliih Gardens and Plantations. By T H O M A S MAW E, (gardener TO HIS grace THE DUKE OF Leeds) JOHN ABERCROMBIE, (gardener, TOTTENHAM COURt) AND OTHER GARDENERS. THE N I N T H EDITION, Corredted, greatly Enlarged, and wholly New-improved. L O N D O N, Printed for J. F. and C. Rivington, S. Crowder, B. Law, T. Lowndes", G. Robin^v, T, Cadell, T.. Evans, W. Gold- $MITK, R, Balhwin, and E. Newbery, 178^.. [ Price Five Shillings. ] TRtASURE ROOM PRE FACE. IN a book of this kind, defigned to convey a pradical knowledge of gardening, to gen- tlemen and young profefTorSj who delight in that ufeful and agreeable fludy, our readers will not look for chofen phrafes or ftudied periods; if the meaning is clear and comprehenilve, the morefimple and unadorned the better. The writers of the following fheets are them- felves pradical gardeners, and have palled their whole lives in acquiring that knowledge, which they now attempt to reduce into a fhort fyflem ; and their obfervations being the fruit of long experience, v/ill be lefs liable to error. One great advantage which Every Man his €wn Gardener has over other books of the fame kind, is this ; that whereas other books, in a curfory manner, only fet down what bufinefs is neceffary to be done in every month in the year, without giving fuincient inftru6tions con- cerning the manner of performing it; here the method of proceeding is minutely explained, and directions given in the feveral branches of gardening, according to the bcfl modern prac- tice. We take this opportunity to thank the Pub- lic in general, for the very kind reception v/ith which they have been pleafed to honour this ^;j.worki andj at the fame time, to return our mod g^ 4 grateful LxJ CO PREFACE. grateful acknowledgments to thofe Gentlemen, and gardeners in particular, who have favoured us with hints for its improvement; they will fee that v/e have availed ourfelves, as much as pofiible, of their obfcrvations and inftruclions. And as fyftems like ours can never be abfo- lutely complete, ov/ing to the many new dif- coveries which are daily making in the diffe- rent parts of Europe, we earneflly hope that thofe perfons who are engaged in the cultiva- tion of gardens, will continue to oblige us with fuch difcoveries as may occur in the pro- grefs of their employment, which we Ihall mofl thankfully receive, and gratefully acknow- ledge. In the mean time they, and the Public in general, will readily difcover, that, Gnce the firlt publication of this book, fifteen years ago, the Authors have made very confiderable im- provem>eniS in every edition thereof; and, as in the farther progrefs of their practical expe- rience, very many capital difcoveries and im- provements having occurred, which now, in this ninth edition, they have introduced in a very copious and general manner in every de- partment of the V7ork, v/hereby it is confide- rahrly enlarged, comprehenfivcly improved, and and rendered much more univerJaliy inftrudive than any former edition. Every EVERY MAN HIS OWN GARDENER. JANUARY. JVork to he done in the Kitchen Garde n-. Cucumhers and Melons, AS it is the ambition of moft gardeners to excel each other in the prodiK'l:Ion of early cucumbers, all neceflhry prepnrinions ftiould be made this month for that purpofe, by preparing dung for hot-beds in which to raife the plants ; for they being exotics of a very tender, quality, require the aid of artificial heat under flielter of frames and glalfcs, until June or July, before iheycaa beai" the open air in this country. But by the aid of hot-beds, defended with frames and glalTes, we obtain early fruit fit to cut in February, March, and April, &c. in the greateft perfection. The proper forts of cucumbers for early crops are, Ear?y lliort prickly, early clufter prickly, early long prickly. The firil: two forts come earlied, but the lafl is eonfider- ably the handfomert fruit. And if early m.elons are alfo required, the beft are, Romana melon. Cantaloupe melon. Therefore, when intended to raife cucumbers and me- lons early, you fhould now provide a quantity of frelhhcrfe- B dung. 2 The Kitchen Garden. [Jan. dung, to make a fmall hot -bed for a feed-bed, in which to raife the pkuirs to ridge out into larger hot-beds to remain to fruit : for this purpofe a fmall bed for a one or two-light frame msy befufficient, efpecially for private ufej in which cafe a good cart load of proper hot dung, or about twelve or fifteen large wheel-barrows full, will be enpugh for making a bed of proper dimenfions for a one-light box, and fo in proportion tor a larger. Having procured the dung, it mult beprevi- ouily prepared by Ihaking it up in a heap, mixing it well to- gether, and let it remain eight or ten days to ferment ; at the expiration of which time it will be arrived at a proper temperament for making into a hot-bed. Choofe a place on which to make the hot-bed, in a flieltered dry part of the melon ground, &c. open to the morning and fouth fun : and it may be made either wholly on the furface of the ground, or in a fliallow trench, of but from fix to twelve inches deep, and four or five feet wide, according to the frame ; but if made entirely on the furface, which is gencmlly the moft elegible method at this early feafon, it affords the op- portunity of lining the fides of ihe bed with frefli hot dung quite down to the bottom, to augment the heat when it declines, and alfo prevents wet from fettling about the bot- tom of the bed, as often happens when made in a trench, which chills the dung, and caufeth the heat foon to decay. Then, according to the fize of the frame, mark out the dimenfions of the bed with four ilakcs ; making an allow- ance for it to be two or three inches wider tJum the frame each way ; this done, begin to make the bed according to .the extent of the flakes, obfcrving to fhake and mix the dung well, as you lay it on the bed, and beat it down with the back of the fork, as you go on ; but I would not advife treading it ; for a bed which is trodden hard, will not work lb kindly as that which is luffercd to fettle gradually of it- felf: in this manner proceed till the bed is arrived at the height of three feet, or thereabouts ; and if it is five or fix inches higher, it will not be too much, but let it be full three feet high : as foon as the bed is finifhed to the intended height, let the frame and glafs be put on ; keep them clofc till the heat comes up ; when-the heat has rifen to the top of the bed, raife the glafs, that the fieam may pafs away. Three or four days after the bed is made, prepare to earth ir, previoufiy obfcrving if it has fettled unequally, take off the frame and light, and level any inequalities, make the furface fmooth, and pur on the frame again, and lay in as z much Jan.] The Kitchen GARDEfi. 3 much dry earth, as will cover the bed all ever about three inches thick ; then fill feme fmall pots with rich dry earth, fet them within the frame, put on the glafs, and keep it clofe, till the earth in the pots is warm. When that is ef- fected, fow a few feeds in each pot, either cucumber or melon ; cover the feeds about half an inch thick with the fame earth as that in the pots. This done, place the pots in the middle of the bed, and draw fome of the earth of the bed round each pot. Cover the glafs every night with a fingle mat only, for the firft three or four nights after the feed is fown ; but as the heat decreafes, augment the covering : being careful in co- T-ering up, never to fufter the ends of the mats to hang down low over the fides of the frame, which would draw up a hurtful fleam, keep the plants too clofe, and draw them up weak, and of a yellowifli unhealthy-like colour: obfcrv- ing likewife in covering up, that whilft the great heat and fteam continues in the bed, it may be proper to raife one of the upper corners of the light lialf an inch, or a litde more or lefs occafionally, when you cover over the mats in the evening, to give vent to the fleam ; fuftcring one end of the mat to hang down a little, jufl to defend the part where the glafs is tilted. Great care is requifite that the earth in the pots have not too much heat, for the bed is yet very warm, which is the rcafon that tbefe feeds are advlfed to be fown in pots ; be* caufe if any thing of burning fhould appear after the feed is fown, you can conveniently raife the pots further from the dung, from which the danger proceeds, uithout dlRurbing the feed or plants in the leail ; and by that method you may prevent all injury from too much heat, provided you examine the bed every day, and give proper vent to the rank fleam v»^ithin the frame, while of a burning quality. In three or four days after the feed is fown, you may ex- pect the plants to appear ; when it will be proper to admit frefli air to them, by raifing the upper end of the glafs a little every day ; and if the earth in the pots appears dry, refrefii it moderately with a little water that has flood in 'the bed all night, and continue to cover the g4afs every night wath garden mats. At this time alfo if you find that the heat of the bed is flrong, raife the glafs a little with a prop, when you covei- up in the evening, to give vent to the Heam : and if you nail a mat to the frame, fo as to hang down over the end of the glafs that is raifed, the plants will take no B 2 hunn. 4 The Kitchen Garden. [Jan. harm, but will receive great benefit : when the heat is more moderate, the glafTes may be ihut clofe every night, obferving to continue the admiffion of frefli air at all opportunities in the day-time, and, if windy or a very fliarp air, to hang a mat before the place, as above. On the day that the plants appear, it is proper to fow a Jittle more feed in the fame bed, and in the manner above mentioned ; for thefe plants are liable to fuffer by different caufes at this feafon. The heft way. therefore, is to fow a little feed at three different times in the fame bed, at fliort in- tervals; for if one fovving fliould mifcarry, another may fucceed. . When the plants however, both of the firft and fucceed- ing fowings, have been up about two or three days, they fnould be planted into fmall pots, which pots muff be placed alfo in the hot-bed ; in the manner following. Obferve to fill the pots the day before you intend to re- riove the plants, with fome rich dry earth, and fct them within the frame, w^here let them remain till the next day, when the earth in the pots will be warm ; then let fome of the earth be taken out, to the depth of an inch from the top of the pot; forming the middle of the remaining earth, a little hollow, then with your finger carefully raife the plants up with all the roots as entire as pollible, and with as much earth as will hang about them, and pl.ice the plants in the pots, with their roots towards the centre, and co- ver their flianks near an inch thick, with fome of the earth that was taken out of the pots ; obferving, if cucumbers, to plant three or four plants in each pot ; if melons, two plants in each pot will be fufticicnt, and if the earth is quite dry, give a very little water, juff to the roots of the plants only ; and diredly plunge the pots into the earth on the bed, clofe to one another : filling up all the ipaces between the pots with earth ; and let every part of the bed within the frame be covered with as much earth as will prevent the rifing of the rank fleam immediately from the dung, which would delhoy the plvmts. Be careful to examine the bed et-ery day, to fee that the roots of the plants do not receive too much heat : if any thing liV;e that appears, draw up the pots a little, or as far as you fee neceflary for the prefervation of the plants, replung- ino- them again to their rims when the danger is over. Two or three days after planting, if the bed is in good condition, the plants will have taken root; though that is cffeded fomctlmes in twenty-four hours. When Jan.] The Kitchen Garden. 5 When the plants are fairly rooted, give them a little wa- ter in the warmeil time of the day ; and if it can b^ done when the fun fliines, it will prove more beneficial to the plants: let thewateiing be repeated moderately, as often ?.$ you obferve the earth in the pots to be dry ; and tor this purpofe, you fliould always have a quart bottle or two, full of water, fet within the frame, to be ready v:o water the plants as you fee them require it. It there is now a brlfk growing heat in the bed, Y'Vj fliould, in order to preferve it as long as pollible, layf'.rne dry long litter, ftraw% wafte hay, or dried fern, round the iiJe« of'the bed, and raifmg it by degrees as high on the ©utfide. of the frame as the earth is within the frame. This vyill defend the bed from heavy rains or fnovr, if either fliould happen : for thefe, if futfered to come at the bed, would chill it, and caufe a fudden decay of the heat, whereby the plants would certainly receive a great clieck. If a lively heat be kept up, you may admit air to the plants every day, by tilting the glalfes, in proportion to the heat of the bed, and temperatme of the c:xternal air ; in this cafe, however, do not fall, when there is a Iharp air or wind iHrring, to fallen a mat to the frame, fo as to hang- down over the place where the air enters, as aforelaid ; for this will alfo prevent the wind and cold air from entering immediately into the frame upon the plants, and they will reap the benefit of the air to a greater advantage than if the place was entirely expofed. About a fortnight, or a little more or lefs time after the bed is made, you will carefully examine the heat there-ot, to fee if it wants augmentation, and wlicn you fmd that the heat begins to decline confiderably, remove the llraw, hay, or fern, from the front and back of the bed, if any was laid round it, as before advifed, then apply a liningof fre/h " hot horfe-dung, to one or both fides as it fhall fcem necef- fary, by the heat being lefs or more decreafed, laying it eigh- teen inches wide, but raife it very little higher than the dung of the bed, lefl; it throw in too much heat immediately to the earth and plants ; and as foon as you have finifhed the lin- ing, cover the top with earth two inches thick ; for this will prevent the rank lleam of the new dung from coming up, and entering into the frame when tilted tor theadmiffion ofair^ where it would prove very deflrudive to the plants ; the lining will foon begin to work, when it will greatly revive the heat of the bed, and continue it in good condition a fortnight longer. B 3 Te;i 6 The Kitchen Garden. fjan. Ten or twelve days after lining the fides, remove the litter from the two ends of the bed, and apply alfo a lining of hot dung to each end, as above ; it will again augment the heat for another fortnight to come. After pertorming the linings, it mav be proper to lay a quantity of dry long litter of any 'kind all round the general lining, wiiich will protect the whole from driving cold rains and fnow, and preferve the heat of the bed in a fine growing temperature. By applying theie linings of hot dung in due time, and renewing them as there fhali be occcilion, you may preferve the bed in a proper temperature of heat, fo as to continue the phints in a free grov/ing ftate in the fame bed, until they are of due fize for ridging out into the larger hot-beds, where they are to remain to produce their fruit. Obferve, however, that where there is plenty of hot dung, and every proper convenience, you may, in order to for- ward the plants as much as pollible, prepare a fecond hot-bed by wa}'- of a nurfery, about a fortnight after making the feed-bed, in order to receive the plants therefiom hi their per and Novevibei\ Peas, Let fome hot-fpur peas be fown the beginning of this month, for a full crop, on a warm piece of ground, to fuc- ceed the fame forts which was fown in November or Decem- ber : the forts are ; Charlton hot-fpur, golden hot-fpur, Efl!ex hot-fpur, Mafter's hot-fpur, &c. But the two firft are the earlieft, and the otheis are pro- per to fucceed them. Sow each fort In rows, a yard afun- der : but if the ground is rich, and you intend to fet fticks to them, to climb upon for fupport, let the rows be three feet and a half afunder. At the fame time alfo, you may fow the firft crop ot marrowfat peas, and they will fucceed the hot-fpurs ; for they will come into bearing as the others go off. This pea is much admired in moil families ; bat the dvv'arf mar- rowfat Jan.] The Kitchen Garden. 17 rovvfat is the propercft for fowhig at this feafon ; obferv- ing, if you intend to fet flicks for thefc peas to run up, few them in rows full four feet diftant from each other ; but if no Hicks are intended, three feet and a half will be quite fufficient. For a general liif of peas, fee the catalogue for the kit- chen plants, at the end of the book, any of which may alfo be fowed now in open weather. Earth'iHg up Peas and Beans, If you harve peas and beans already up one, two, or three inches height, or more, take advantage of a ^iry day, when the furfiice of the gronnd is dry, and draw fomc earth up to their flems. This fliould not be omitted, for it will flrengthen the plants, and prote6t them greatly from the froft, Jrticbokcs, Artichokes, if not earthed up before, fhould not be neg^ lected any longer, except the feverity of the weather pre- vents ; when it will be proper to lay a good thick covering of litter, fern, or llraw on them; othervvifeyou u'ill run the rifque of lofing all your plants, if the froll: Ihould prove very rigorous. Care mull be taken to clear away all the rotten or old leaves, quite clofe to the ground, before the plants are earthed up or covered as above. But the work of landing up artichokes (hould always be performed in the end of November, or beginning of De- cember; for which fee the work of thofe months. And the earthing or landing them up, fliould never be omitted, for it is the moil certain method of preferving the plants in fcvere winters. And after they are landed, if the froll fliould prove very fevere, it will alfo be proper to lay long litter over the rows ; if the plants are of the true globe fort, too great care cannot be taken to preferve them : for fometimes a fevere winter makes great havock among them, and in fpring ycung fets to recruit the plantations are often fo very fcarce, that they can hardly be obtained for any money. Mifjhrooms* Mufliroom beds fliould be carefully attended tp at this feafon. They fhould have fufKcicnt covering to defend them effe(ftuail/ i8 The Fruit Garden. [Jan.' effcftually from the frcft, rain, or fnovv ; which fliould not be lefs than twelve inches thick ; and if, by accident, the rain or fnow fliould have penetrated quite through the co- vering, this muli: be removed immediately, or your fpawn will be in danger of perilliing. Replace It with a good co- veriiiQ^ of wheat, or other ftraw ; and if you find' the wet weather likely to continue, it uall be proper to lay fome mats or cloths over the llraw, which will greatly prelerve the beds. Mufliroom beds may now be made, if required, thev will nffbrd a full crop in fpring and beginning of fummer : though probably not fo fucccfsfully as the autumnal made beds. See the Kitchen Garden -for Septemher, for the me- thod of making and fpawning the beds, &c. The Fruit Garden. Pruning Appla and Pear Trees in Efpallers^ and a^ainjl Walls. WHERE there are wall and efjTnlier apple and pear trees yet unpruned, that work fhould now be for- warded as much as pollible, and may be fafely performed upon all forts, without fearing any danger from froft, even, if it happens when performing the operation. Apple and pear trees being of the fpur-bearing kind, and their mode of bearing fimilar, one method of pruning anfwers for both ; they producing their frxiit upon fliort natural fpurs from the fides and ends of the branches, and the iame branches continue bearing many years, encreaf- ing their quantity of fruit-fpurs as they gradually advance in length, let it therefore be remarked, that in the general courfe of pruning thole trees, their branches are not to be ihortened, but generally trained along horizontally to the ef- palier and wall, at their natural length, at lealt as far as there is fcope of room to extend them j never fhortened ex- cept on particular occafions, below explained ; and the whole trained five or fix inches afunder. Keeping therefore this in mind, look over the general branches, and if the tree is young and in training, requir- ing a faifther fupply of young wood to form the head, re- tain a proper quantity of the bed placed lall fummer flioots at full length, and cut out all the fuperfluous and irregular onesr Jan.] The Fruit Garden'. 19 ones J but in full trained or old trees, ftill retaining the for- mer-trained or fame individual bearing branches for many years, as long as they continue fruitful; and only examine any old branch that appear worn out or decayed, or not in a condition to bear, or any that are too much crowded or very irregular, and let fuch be now pruned out; at the fame time oblerve where any of the laft fummer's Ihoots are wanted to fupply any vacant fpace, and retain them ac- cordingly ; cutting out clofe to the main branches, all the fuperfiuous or over-abundant thereof, not now wanted for training as above : likewife let all foreright and other irre- gular placed (lioots be cut away ; carefully retaining the lead- ing flioot to all the main branches, where there is fcope to run them ; fo retaining the general branches and the neceiTary fupply of young wood, about five or fix inches afunder, to be trained in all at full length, as aforefaid ; and according as they advance in length, ilill continue extending them to the wall and efpalier, without {hortening, if room admits. In the courfe of this pruning have particular care to pre- ferve all natural fruit-fpurs ; but cut away all thofe form- ed of the flumps of (liortened flioots, for thefe rarely pro- duce any thing but a confufion of unneceffary wood flioots every fummer : and for which reafon be careful in pruning the fuperfiuous and irregular fhoots, always to cut them quite clofe to whence they originate. Then train in all the remaining proper branches and fhoots «t full length, fix inches afunder, as aforefaid, with- out reducing them in length either in the fummer or win- ter pruning. By the above pradice the fhoots or branches of thefe trees will, about the fccond or third year after they are laid in, begin to produce fliort fnoots or fpurs (as they are general- ly termed) about an inch or two in length ; feme not above half an inch ; and from thefe the fruit is produced. But if the branches of thefe trees were to be (liortened, it would cut off the very parts where blofTom-buds or fpurs iirft begin to appear ; and inilead of thofe fruitful parts, they would fend forth a number of ftrong wood (hoots. This plainly (hews that the flioots which are intended for fruit- bearing, muil not be fhortened ; for if that is pra6tifed, the trees would conftantly run to wood, and never produce any tolerable crop of fruit. If, indeed, there is a want of wood in any part of thefe trees, then pccafional (liortening is neceffary. For 20 The Fruit Garden. [Jan. For inftaiice, if there is a vacant part of the tree, and two, three, or more flioots, are requilite to furnllli that va- canc_Y, and only one rtioot was produced in that part the preceding fummerj that flioot, in fuch a cafe, mull be Hiortened to four or five buds in the winter pruning ; and if it is a ilrong {boot, it will produce three lateral flioots the fummer following. Prnn'mg Flu7ns and Cherries, This is alfo a proper feafon to prune and nail plums and cherries, cither againft wails or efpaliers. Let it be obferved, in the pruning of thefe trees againft walls or cfpaliers, that, like the apples and pears, they be- ing ot the fpur-bcaring tribe, producing the fruit upon fnort natural fpurs or ftuds, emitted along the lides of the branches, ot from two or three to many years old ; fo muft accordingly retain the fame branches many years for bear- ers, which mull not be Jhortened in the courfe of pruning, but trained horizontally at full length, about Hve or lix inches afunder; alfo all young Ihoots ot the lail year's growth, as are now pro])er to be referved in vacancies, to furnifn the wall or efpalier with bearing wood, muft not be Ihortened ; but every fuch fhoot or branch mull: be left entire; and this fliould at all times be practifed, which is the only way to render tlie branches fruitful ; obferving, in the operation ot pruning thefe, as advifed for the apple and pear trees, to prune away all irregular wood and fiiperabundant (boots, clofe to the mother branches, and if cafual worn-out or de- cayed old unfruitful branches occur, let them now be cut out, retaining young wood of laftfummer's growth, &c. to fupply the place of them; preferving alfo, in all vacant fpaces, a fupply of the beft young Ihoots at their natural length, as above advifed, and a leading one to each branch; being careful to preferve the ftiort natural fruit fpurs, and cut away clofe all Itumps of former fi^.ortened ftioots : then, as foon as a tree is thus pruned, proceed to train in all the pro- per fhoots and branches to the wall and efpalier,at full length, asaforefaid, at the above mentioned diftances : and all thofe thus treated, will, in two or three year's time, fend out many fiiort fhoots or fruit-fpurs, about half an inch or an inch in length, and from thefe fpurs the fruit is always produced. Thefe fpurs generally appear firft toward the extreme part of the branches ; and if ihortcning was to be praftifed, thofe parts would confequently be cut away where th« blaflbni Jan.] The Fruit Garden. 21 bloflbm buds would have otherwlfe firft made their appear- ance. Therefore, in the courfe of pruning apple, pear, plum, and cherry trees, never fhorten or top the young Ihoots^ that are left for a fupply of bearing wood, nor any of the bearing branches, if room to extend them ;^ and they will thus all gradually form themfelves into a plentiful bearing ftate. But if Ihortening was generally pradifed to thefe kinds of fruit-trees, as is the cafe with many pruners, it would prove the manifeft dcftrudion of the trees ; for, in the places where fruit-buds would otherwife naturally appear, there would advance nothing but ftrong wood (hoots ; {o that the trees would be continually crowded with ufelefs wood, and produce little or no fruit. When, however, there Is at any time a fupply of wood wanted, then fliortening particular (hoots may be proper, as obferved above, for the apples and pears. General Ohfcr-vations In Prunhig all the ahove Tre's. We obferved above, that fhortening the branches of ap- ples, pears, plums, and cherry trees, was not proper in the general courfe of pruning ; it however, in fome particular cafes, is mofl neceiiary, for which take the following hints : for Inftance, vvhen the trees, for walls and efpaliers parti- cularly, are about one year old from the budding or graft- ing, either in the nujfery, or newly planted againll walls or eipaliers, with their firil flioot Innnediately from the bud- ding, or grafting, at full length, it is proper to fliorten or head down thefe flioots near the infertion of the bud, or graft, toiorceout lateral branches, which is called heading down the trees ; but this fliould not be done till fpring, cutting them down to tour or five eyes ; which will procure lateral flioots near the .ground, in order that the wall or cfpa- licr may be regularly furniihed with branches from the bot- tom ; alter this the branches are to be trained along at their full length, except it appears neceifary to fliorten fome, or all, of thefe lateral flioots, in order that each may throw out ulfo two or three lateral branches, to furnilh that part of the tree more effectually ; training the faid lateral flioots alfo at their full length ; but if there appear to be ftill more branches wanting, fome of the moit convenient of thefe laft flioots may alfo be (hortened, to promote their producing a farther fupply of lateral branches, fufiicient to give the tree its proper form ; for the great art is to encou- rage and airill young fruit-trees in their iiril two or three year.* 22 The Fruit Garden. [Jan. years growth, to produce {hoots in proper places, fo as to cover the wall or clpalier regularly with branches, from the bottom to the top. So that when the trees have acquired branches enough for its firft formation, it will afterwards naturally furnifn branches to cover the wall or efpalier regularly every way, to the allotted extent, without any farther (liortening ; except on particular occaiions, when a vacancy may happen in any part ; according to the rule mentioned above, in the article of Apples and Pears. There is one thing farther to be obferved in pruning ap- ple, pear, plum, and cherry trees ; and that is, vv^hen the trees have acquired branches enough to cover the wall or efpalier, at the diftance above mentioned, then all thofe young fiioots of the laft fummer's growth, that are not want- ed in vacancies to form new bearers, muft be cut off quite clofc to the place from whence they arlfe, leaving no fpurs but the fruit-fpurs that are naturally produced, which every branch will be plentifully furniflied with, if the above rules are obferved. Peaches^ "NeBarines^ afid Apricots, Peaches, nectarines, and apricots, may be pruned and nailed any time in this month, if the weather fhould prove mild ; or at all opportunities, without danger of any ma- terial injury if pruned in froily weather. For although thefe trees are rather tenderer than the forts before mentioned, and the frofl will aiTetl them more at the places that are newly cut ; but by what I ever could obferve, it is only extreme hard froil that can any way af- tttt them in confequence of pruning, and that not ma- terially. In the training and pruning of peaches, nectarines, and apricots, little or no difference is to be obferved ; remark- ing of all thefe forts, they produce their fruit principally upon the young (hoots of the former fummer, the fruit rifmg directly from the eyes of the Oioots, a plentiful fupply of which mult be referved annually in every part, to tram in for bearing : ihey alfo fumctimes bear on the fmall fpurs ariling on the two or three year's v/ood, but more general- ly the apricots, and all fuch fpurs fliould alfo be preferved, for they often bear good fruit ; keeping in mind however, ihat the young yearling fnoots are to be conficcrcd as the general bearers ; obferving, that the branches and bearing fiioots are to be trained to the wall horizontally, about five or Jan.] The Fruit Garden. 23 or fix inches afunder, pruning out annually all fuperabun- dant (lioots, or that are more than can be trained at that diftance ; llkevvife oblerving, that as a due fupply of the bell of the laft year's flioots muil annually be lert in a re- gular manner in every part of the tree, to bear the fruit the fucceeding fummer, each of the faidflioots of each year muft be fliortencd more or lefs according to their flrength, now in the winter pruning, as direded below, in order to encourage them to produce " a more regular fucceffion of bearing wood in the enfuing fummer. The wood, which is then produced, will bear fruit in the fummer after that ; and the fame fiioots both bear the fruit and a fupply of fuc- ceffional flioots at the fame time for future bearers, &c. Before you begin to prune, you (liould un-naii the greatefl part of the tree, by which means you will have room to ex- amine the flioots, and to ufe your knife properly. But in the courfe of pruning thefe trees, be lure to fele£l the moll promifmg and beft fuuated flioots ; which fhoots muft be left at a regular diilance as above, and in fuch order as to be, as it were, coming up in a reguhir manner, one after another, in every part of the tree, making room for them, by cutting out all the other ufelefs or unneceflary flioots, together with a proportionable lliare of the former bearers, -and old naked branches, not furnifiied with bear- ing wood. for example, you are to obferve that thefe yoimg (hoots we now fpeak of, are, as above hinted, produced only principally upon thofe young flioots which were laid in laft winter, and which produced the fruit lafl fummer : and we will fuppofe each of the faid flioots, or branches, vv'hich were laid in lall: winter, to have produced three fnoots lafl fum- mer, and that they now remain upon them, but that there may not be room to lay in more than one of the faid flioots on each of the branches ; it remains to be confidcrcd, which of thefe three flioots on each branch is proper to be left; whether the uppermoft, middle, or lower of the three : there is no rule for this, but we will fuppofe the middlmoll of them, in v/hich cafe, cut off the lower one clofe to the branch, and then that part of the branch, which hath the iipper fhoot upon it, muil be cut off clofe down to the middle one : lb that there is only the middle flioot now remaining, which terminates or makes the end of the branch : bur, on the other hand, if it is thought moil convenient to leave fhc uppermoft of the three, the middle and lower are to be cut 34 Th£ Fruit Garden. [Jan. cut away clofe to the branch : fo, on the contrary, if the lower one is to be left, cut off* the branch with the middle and upper one upon it clofe to the lower one : and if thought cioft proper to leave in any place, two out of the three fhoots on a branch, then the upper and lower are apparent- ly moft proper, provided they be the befl flioots ; and fo cut out the middle one : or if two lower fhoots appear befl for your purpofe, cut off the upper part of the branch with the top flioot on It clofe to the next or middle one; fo that there remains that and the lower one. There may not al- ways happen to be juil three young flioots on every year's branches ; but 1 chofe to mention that number, that I may be the better able, in this fmall compafs to explain and con- vey to the learner an idea of the method pxadifed in prun- ing thefe forts of trees. Obferve likewife, in the courfe of pruning old trees of the liinie kinds, to cut out all old ufclefs wood. What is to be underflood by old ufelefs wood, is fuch old branches as advance a great length without being furniflicd with fuch young llioots as above mentioned ; fuch branches fliould be either entirely cut out, or fliortened to any young branch proceeding from it, that is furnifhed with young ilioots for bearing. Next let it be remembered, that as you proceed, let all or moft of thofe young flioots that are left to bear, be fliortened, to promote their producing more certainly a fap- p!y of fucceffioniil lateral flioots next fummer, properly ii- tuated, fo as to continue every part of the tree always well furniilied with bearers ; for without this precaution of fliortening the flioots, they are apt to run up, producing laterals only, moftly towards the upper parr, leaving the bottom naked : whereby the tree in time becomes devoid of bearing {hoots below ; fo that the fbortening fhould be per- formed more or lefs according to their llrength, and alfo according to that of the tree. For inilance, if a tree is weak, the fliocts fliould be left about lix or feven inches diftance from each other, and they fhould be fnortened in proportion to their llrength ; fome, j>crhaps, may be left about fix inches long, others eight, ten, or twelve inches ; for the fliortening Ihould always be performed more or lefs in proportion to. the llrength of the t^iifferent fhoots. When a tree is in pretty good condition, neither very vi- gorous nor weak, the fhoots fliould be laid ia about iive of fx Jan.] The Fruit Garden. 25 fix inches afunder, and lliould be Ihortened to about eight or ten, and lb to twelve or fifteen inches long, according to their Itrength. But where trees are very vigorous, the flioots mufl: be fhortened but little, fome to the length of ten, twelve, or fifteen inches ; and fome of the ftrongeil flioots of a vigo- rous tree may be ^id in eighteen inches or two feet long, and fome of them alfo at full length. In fliortening the (hoots of thcfe trees, it will be proper toobferve, that all flioots (liould, if polfible, be cut to an eye that is likely to produce a leading fhoot ; fucn an eye, or w^ood bud, is dillinguillied from the fruit buds, by its being long and flat, the others being round, fwcUing, and turgid ; or may alfo prune to an eye having two bioflbm* buds, as from between thefe twin buds there will generally ilTue a fhoot, which is neceffary to the welfare of the fruit ; for where a leading fhoot is produced at the extremity of a bearing branch, it draws nouriihment to the fruir, and the fruit of fuch will be finer than in thofe (hoots deftitute of leaders. After having pruned one tree, let it be diredly nailed as you go on ; obferving to lay in the branches and (hoots horizontally, perfectly llraight, and parallel to each other, at the above mentioned diftanccs, nailing them all dole to the wall in a neat manner. Kincs, Vines may be pruned any time this month, wlieii the weather will permit. in training and pruning vines, obferve that the young "fhoots of lall: fummer are the only bearing wood : and the branches and bearing (lioots (hould be trained from about- eight to ten or twelve inches diftance, either horizontally or perpendicular, as the fpace of walling,. &c. will admit ; and therefore in the pruning, carefully leave a fuflicient quantity of the laft year's (lioors, at the above dillances, fo that every part may be properly furniflied with them ; for it is from thefe Only that the be^vring flioots are produced, which yield the fruit in the fucceeding fummer; and to make room for the fuccelnonal fupply of bearing frioot?, mud cut avv'hy an equal portion of the old beareip; together with all the fuperfluous or overabundant and ufelefs young wood, cutting clofe to the old branches ; and let each re- tained fiioot be ihortened to trom about three to four or Q f;.c 26 The Fruit Garden. [Jan. five buds, or eyes, according to their ftrength : cutting them about an inch above an eye, and fomewhat iloping. Thus in the courfe of pruning vines, you fliould ahvays take care to leave every year fome young flioots in conve- Dient places, both towards the bottom, middle, and top of the wail, in order that there may be a conftant fucceifion of young wood coming up, in regular order, in every part of the tree, pruning out the fuperabundancy, as juflobferved; and every year feme of the former bearers, and mofl un- ferviceable old wood fliould be cut out ; for when the naked old v/ood hath advanced near the top of the wall, it in a manner becomes ufelefs ; fo it (liould be taken otF, either quite to the bottom, ort o fome convenient lateral young branch to fupply its place. See Fehruary and November, As foon as pruned, let them be immediately nailed up {Irait and dole to the wall, at the above mentioned dif- tances. Prune Qocfchcrry and Currant Trees, Goofeberries and currants bear both on the' young one or two year's wood, and upon the feveral years branches, ge- nerally upon fmall fpurs emitted naturally all along the iides ; and in each winter pruning it will be required to cut out any cafual worn-out, old, or irregular branches, and a proportionable fupply of lail fummer's young flioots retained. J n pruning goofeberries, let them be always kept thin of branches, thefe not permitted to grow ramblingly aciofs one iinother, but all pruned to regular order, fo as the main bear- er?, or general branches and flioots llgnd fix or eight inches diftatue at the extremities ; and generally, either keep the middle fomewhat hollow, or if permitted to run up full in the heart, keep it thin of branches, as above advifed ; ib that you will now prune out any irregularities, &c. fuch as cafual crowding, and crofs-placed wood, and any worn out or naked old branches, retaining young flioots, where necellary, to fupply their place ;-and cut out all the fuper- abundant lateral flioots of lafl: fummer, clofe to the old wood, only retaining here and there a good one in vacan- cies, occ'afionally towards the lower parts to be advanc- ing to a bearing ilate, to fupply the place of cafual worn- out bearers ; and generally leave, where pradicable, a terminating or leading flioot to each main branch, either fuch as is placed naturally nt or near the end of the branch, or. Jan.] The Fruit G a r d s n. 27 cr, if the branch is too long or rambling, prune it down to fuch a flioot; and all thofe ihoots now retained fiiould prin- cipally be left entire, and only ihorten long llragglers and very bending growths, occafionally, but by no means to fliorten too much ; for by cutting them very ihort, they are made to produce a deal of wood, and but fmall fruir, and being fo full of wood as to exclude the fun and free air in fumrner, the fruit cannot ripen well; and it likewife renders it troublefome to get at the fruit, when fit to ga- ther. Never clip the trees with garden fliear?, as is the praftice of fome ignorant perfons. Currant buflies (hould likewife be kept thin and regular, not fufferlng the branches to run promifcuouily acrofs each other; for when they are fufFered to grow fo irregular and thick, they deprive the fruit of the benefit of the fun ; for want of which it will be very four and ill-flavoured ; obferving nearly the fame order of pruning as advifed above for the goofeberries. Keep the general branches thin, about fix or eight inches afunder; by pruning out any too abundant and CTofs placed branches, and cafual worn-out old beaiers, to- gether with all the irfegular-placed and fupensbundant young fhoots of lall fummer, preferving a due fuppjy of the moll regular ones in vacancies, and a leading one at the termination of each branch, agreeable to the rules ex- hibited above in pruning the goofeberry bulhes ; ?dfo fome ■occafionally towards the lower pans, to be ready to fupply the place of any barren branches or decayed old wood. Currants and goofeberries may alfo be planted; and if the trees are to be placed round the quarters of the kitchen garden, or in crofs rows to divide the ground into wide com- partments, fhould prune rhera up to one clean ftem, twelve or fifteen inches before you form the head of the tree ; for when thefe trees are fuftered to branch away immediately from the roots, they, by fpreading out fo near the ground, will impede the growth of ai-y crops that grow near them, and render it troublefome to work about them ; befides, they do not appear fo agreeable as when trained to a fingle Item fupporting a regular head of branches. (Generally plant thefe ihrubs fix or eight feet diftance h\ rhe rows ; and if in contitiued full plantations, *etthe rows -^.^e eight or ten feet afunder. Prune Rafpherrlcs, In pruning thefe plant?, obi'erve that a frefli fupply cf flioots iifife Horn the roots every year in fummer for bear- C z ' \\\K 28 The Fruit Garden. [Jan. ing the fucceeding year ; for the fhoots, when but one year old only, always produce fruit, and totally die in winter following, thoie of each year being fucceeded by the fuc- ceilional fupply of young (hoots of the lall fu aimer to bear the enfuing feafon ; therefore as the flioots which produced fruit laft year will now be dead, they muU be cut away clofe to the furface of the ground, and leave Handing upon each root three or four of the ft rongelV (hoots ot the Ul\ fummer's growth to bear fruit next year ; but cut all the reil off clofe to the furface of the ground. Thofe (hoots which are left to bear, muft be each of them ihortened ; in doing of which you mull cut off about one third or fourth of the length of each (hoot, according to their (Irength ; obferving, as they generally form a bend at top, it is proper to fhorten them at or a litcle below the bending part ; and if they are left longer, or that they ftraggle wide and irregularly from one another, may plait them together, either uprightly or archways, to fupport them in an ere6l polition. The ground fhould then be dug between thc'rov/s ; and, H3 you go on, the roots that do not belong to the (landing planes (hould betaken away, and all flioots growing in the intervals dug up. You may now make fre(h pkntations of rafpberries, ob- serving to procure young plants that are furni(hed each with one ilrong (hoot of laft fummsr, which may be obtained pleniifully from any old plantation, as they alwa3's fend up abundance of off-iet fuckers for fcts, preferring thofe with good fibrous roots, rejeding fuch whofe roots are naked and woody ; prune off the weak tops of the ftioots, and the lona ftraggling roots, and plant them^ by opening fmall apertures with a Ipade, in rows tour feet and a halt afun- der, and two or three feet diilance in each row. This diftance appears a great way at (iril, but they (lioukl never be planted clofer, as ths advantage of it will be {een in two year's time ; for when plnnted too clofe, they will in the (ummer feafon form a perfect thicket, infomuch that the fruit will be fmall and not ripen to hiive any flavour, nor can you come at them readily, when Et to gather. Thefe plants (hould be planted in an open fituation. For particulars, fee O^obcr. Prcparatioiifor Plant atloni of Fruit Trees. If you intend to make ivzw plantations of fruit-trees, either for the wall or for CuMlicr?, the borders (houid be t;enched about Jan.] The Fruit G a r d e r^. 29 about two fpades deep, and if the foil is poor, or very light, and wants augmentation, add a fupply of frelh f^rong earth or compoil, (loam if it can be had) and very rotten dung, as you go on, working them well together; but if only u few trees are wanted at different places, this work need not be performed but on fuch places where the trees are to be planted. If an orchard is to be planted, and the foil is but in- ilifferent, it will be of advnnt;ige to add fome very rott-jii dung, and freih loam, or any good earth or compoft the iiioR eafily obty.ined, in each hole where the trees are to Hand; working the eunh, loam, and dung, well together. Let the wall and efpalier trees be planted fifteen feet a- funder, at lead, but if eighteen or twenty it will prove of confiderable advantage, by admitting of a larger icope for the horizontal extension of the branches ; and let the iland- ard trees be planted thirty or forty feet diftance. P>-oteBhig the Roots of^ and fupportlng^ nev:-plantcd Trees, M the weather ihould now prove fevere, it will be proper to inote(ft the roots of new-planted fruit-trees from being jiurt by the froli:, by laying mulch, or long litter, on the lurface of the ground, particularly the choiceft of the flonc- tViiit kinds. Support all new planted flandard trees with flakes, and Ut a hay-band be put round the Ilem of the tree, at the pluce where it is to be faflened to the flake, to prevent the bark from being galled. Prune old Standard Frult'tree!* This is nlfo a proper time to examine your old Handard fruit-trees, to thin them where wanting, and to cut off all dead or irregularly growing branches, and to clean the trees from mofs. See the work of 'Novanher, Forcing Fruit-trees for early Fruit, Where there is the accommodation of hot walls, or forc- ing houfes, for raifing early tree fruits, as cherries, peaches, apricots, &c. may now begin to prepare for that bufi- nefs, by ihutting- all the glaffes clofe, and about the end of the month begin to m.ake the fires ; pr in thofe forcing departments where there is a pit in whicli to make a hot- bed of tanner's -bark, or hot horfe-dung, make the hot-bed (irff, and in a fortnight after, let the fires be lighted and C % continued ^o The Fruit Garden. [Jan*. continued every night. See the Fruit Garden for next month. "Forcing early StrawLcrries, Now is a proper time, about the latter end of this month, to begin to make a hot-bed to raife a few early flrawber- ries ; thofe which are planted now in a hot- bed will pro- duce fruit fit to gather in March and April. About the middle or end of this month, provide for that purpofe as much new horfe-dung as will make a hot-bed about a yard high, for one or more three-light frames. Let the dung be thrown in a heap, and let it He about eight or ten days ; in that time it will be in good condition to make the hot-bed. But previous to this, there Ihould be a proper quantity of ft rawberry- plants potted, ready to place on the faid hot- bed ; and if this was done in autumn before, in September or October, &c. it will be of particular advantage : the alpine and fcarlet kinds are the bell: forts for this purpofe, and fnould be plants of two years old, of a full bearing ftate. The method is this : provide as many pots, then^ as the frame intended for your bed will conveniently con- tain, when fet clofe together; at the fame time get fome jtVefli and good earth; if it is loamy, it will be the better ; and let it be well broken with the fpade. Having brought the ])Ots and the earth near to the place where the plants are growing, put fome of the earth into each pot, to the thicknefs of three or four inches ; then take up the plants with a ball of earth to their roots, pare the ball neatly rouad with a knite, and clear the plant from all withered «r rotten leaves, and from every thing that appears difa- grceable ; then place it in the por, and fill the fpace be- tween the ball and the fides of the pot, with the above earth, and cover the furface of the ball with the fiime. Let them be" watered as foon as you have finifiied planting, and remove the pots to a warm fituation, there to remain till the bed is ready to receive them : but if the weather {hould prove bad before the hot-bed is ready, let the plants be pro- tefted by covering them, or rerhoving them into fome (hel- tered place. Having, however, prepared the dung for the hot-bed, make it for one or more frames, about three feet high, and direClly fet on the frame and lights, to proteft it from wet, and draw up the heal fooner; and v/ lien the vk>lcnt heat is over, Jan.] The Flower Garden. 31 over, lay on feme earth ; then bring in the plants, and plunge the pots into the earth up to their rims, and cloie together as can be, filling up alio all the interiVices between with earth. When all the pots are plunged, put on the glalTes, and keep them clofe till the ftcam arifes in .the bed, when it will be neceflary to raiie them a little, to let the fleam pafs oC When the plants begin to pufli, let them have air at all opportunities, when the weather is favourable ; for if they are kept too clofe, the bloiTom will drop, without being fucceeded by any tolerable crop of fruit : and let them be frequently refrelhed with a little water, and cover th& glalles every night with mats. N. B. In forcing flrawberries, the plants may be takeii up out of the natural ground with balls of earth, and placed immediately in the earth of the hot-bed without potting them. However, when it is intended to force llrawberries, either in a common hot-bed, or in the hot-houfe, it would be a good method to pot fome plants in September or Octo- ber, and fo place the pots clofe under fome warm wall till the time they are to be placed in the hot -bed. But where there is the convenience of a_pine-apple ftove^ or any kind of fruit forcing- houfe, or hot-wall, &c. may raife plants of early flrawberries in great peifecflion, with but very little trouble : having the plants ready in pots, place them in the hot-houfe, any where near the glafTes^ giving frequent light waterings, they will fruit early in great abundance. The Pleasure, or Flower Garden. R E A T care fhould be taken to protect the choiceH flowers, at this unfavourable feaibn. Auriculas* Let your auriculas in pots be well protected from ex- ceffive rains, fnow, or fharp frofls j all of which would in- jure them. Thefe plants fhould always be removed in their pots, about the end of Oftobcr, or beginning of November, and placed in frames, or in a bed arched over with hoops, iir a C 4 warni 32 The P l h a s v k e, or f Jan. warm thy plat c, where t hey can be occalionally covered w hen the we.ither is unhivouviible ; but let the covers Ije con- iiantly off when the weatlter is mild and dry. Towards the end of this month, if the weather is mild, it v.'ill be time to ihink of preparing to add fctmc fre(h earth to the pots of tliefg plants. Let fomc proper compofl- 'be prepared for this purpofe. (For the proper fort, fee the article JnrUtiJa \n Ja^ufl.) and, in the latter end of the month, if the feafon is mild and forward, may drefs the plants therewith, but if \infa- vjurable weather, defer it till nexn month ; fn-ft clear the plants from dead leaves, and take the old earth awa^ from tlic top and round the lides of the pots, as low as you con- veniently can without dtflurbin!^ their roots ; fill up the pot with the earth that you have prepared ; and when you have fmiilicd thi«^work, return the pots to the place intended for llicltcring them. Let them lilways be fecured from froll and excefllvc rains ; but moderate lliowers will not hiu't them. Cnre of Carnations. Take fyrcat care of your fine e.irnntions tlvat are in potu, when the wenther is feveic, and let them be well fccurcd lioin hard froil, excefllvc rains, and fnow, which would grcarly injure them. Thefj pots fliould be plunged in a raifed bed of dry com- poft, in the beginning of winter, and the bed arched over with hoops at that time ; this will be of great advantage to the plants, if you are careful to draw mats over the hoops when the weather is fevere. But if the pots were to be placed in garden frames, it would Hill be better, if you take care to put the glafies over them in rigorous weather ; but when the weather is mild, and not immoderately wet, no covering mull be over the plants, but let them have the free air at all fuch times, day •and night. Care of choice Hyacinths and Tulips, In fevere trofly weather, the beds wherein you have depo- fitcd the choiceft kinds of hyacinths and tulips, or any other curious b\ilbous roots, fliould be covered, either with an awning of mats; or in default thereof, ufe flrav/, fern, or long litter ; but it muft be removed as foon as the fevere weather is over. But when any of the above mentioned plants, of the moft curious kinds, begin to appear above ground, it would be of Jan.] Flower Garden. ^3 of much advantage to have the beds arched over with hoops; and when the weather is unfavourable, fuch as in fevere ftoils, let the mats be drawn over the archv^s, and fallened down, that the wind may not blow them olf; but whon the weather is open, let them be confhintly uncovered. Thefinell kinds only, of hyacinths, tulips, ranunculufce, and anemones in particular, merit this care. Planting RaTiunculufes^ Anemones, &:c. Plant ranunculufes and anemones, if you have any now out of the ground ; thcfe now planted will fuccccd tho/e which were put in the ground in Odobcr or Noveipber. For their reception, choofe a dry iituation, where the ground is of a light pliable nature. Let it be well digged, breaking the earth fine, and form it into beds of three feet and a half or four feet wide, and rake the furface fmooth ; then, taking opportunity of a dry mild day, when open weather, and plant the roots in rows nine inches diftant, and allow the dilhmcc of fix inches between j)lant and plant in the rows ; and plant them about two inches and a half deep. for the particular method of preparing the beds, and planting the roots, fee the work of Scpicmhcr and Odober, Thefe Howers make a very agreeable appearance, when they arc planted in fmall patches in the borders among other flowers. In a fmall circle of about fix inches dia- meter, you may plant four or live roots : that is, one in the middle, and the refl round the extreme parts of the ciiclc. Let the patches be from two or three to five, ten, twelve, or fifteen feet afunder. The above pradlice, however, of planting thcfe roots in jiatchcs about the borders, is meant principally for the common forts ; for it is ncceflhry to plant the fine forts to- gether in narrow beds, as above, efpecially when planted early, in order that they may be protected in bad weather in winter ; and alfo in the Ipring, when the plants are in bloom, they can be more readily flieltered from great rains, or too much fun, both of which haftcn the decay of the flowers ; and as the pleafure of admiring the bloom is the only intention of cultivating thefe -flowers, no pains fliould be Iparcd to proted the more beautiful forts. Planting Tulips. Tulips, if vou- have any out of the ground, fliould now C 5 be 34 The Pleasure, or [Jan, be planted the fir ft fettled open weather, to blow laie, and to lucceed thole planted in lall autumn. Let this work be done as foon as the weather will permit, for if thefe roots are kept much longer out of the ground, they will blow very poorly. If they are to be planted m beds, let thera be four feet wide, and lay the beds rounding, both that they may throw off the wet of heavy rains, &c. at this feafon more effeclaally ; and becaufe flower-beds always look beft when they are raifed gradually about two or three inches higher in the middle than on the lides. In a dry mild day, in open weather, let the roots be put ntr. the ground ; plant them in rows, nine inches diflant, al- lowing fix or eight inches between the plants in each row, and plant them three or four inches deep. If you plant fome of the inferior roots in the borders, they may be put in a row a;bout a foot from the edge, and let the roots be the fame dillance from each other. But thefe flowers, when intended to be planted in the borders, make the beft appearance in little clumps ; that is to fay, in a circle about fix or eight inches broad plant four or five roots, and about from five to ten or twelve feet far- ther plant another fuch clump, and fo onto the end. Planting CrocuJJe Any forts of crocuffes may ftill be planted for an early fpring bloom ; generally planting them along the edges of the flower-borders next the walks, and in flower beds, &c, commonly within five or fix inches of the edge ; though thofe deligned for the borders ajjpear to grenter ady^antage when difpofed in fmall patches, than in a continued row. Draw a fmall circle with your finger, about four or five inches diameter ; in the middle plant one root, and plant three or four round the edge of the circle : about twenty inches, or two or three feet farther, make another circle. nnd plants the roots as above ; and fo proeeed to the end of the border, &c. obferving, if you have different kinds, to plant each fort feparate ; that i?, if you plant the firft patch with yellow crocufles, plant the next with blue, and io on to the end, Planthig various Sorts of Bulhs, Jonquils, narciflTufes,, hyacinths, bulbous iris, crown Im- perriih, or any other kinds of bulbous flower roots, that yet 2 teniidci Jan.] Flower Garden, 55 remain above ground, fliould now be planted as foon as the weather will permit. Mild dry weather mu!l be choien to plant thefe, and all other kinds of flower-roots, and fee that the ground is not too wet. When it is intended to plant any of the common forts of the above, or other kinds of bulbous roots, in the borders, it will be the bell way to plant them in little clumps or patches, in the manner mentioned above for the common tulips, ranunculufes, &c. Floivers to Mo^m in a Honfc, Several forts of bulbous roots may be placed upon glafles of water for blowing in the apartments of an houfe; luch as hyacinths, narciflufes, jonquils, early dwarf tu- lips, &c. the glafles for this purpofe are to be had at the feedfmen and glafs-lhops, being made concave at the moudi to contain tlie root, and are to be filled with foft water, and one root placed in each glafs with its bottom touching the water; placing the bottles in fome window where the fun comes ; and they will blow very agreeably, early \i\. the fpring ; or may be greatly forwarded if placed in a hot- houfe. Likewife may plant various forts of bulbous and tuber- ous rooted flower roots in pots for blowing in a houfe, fuch. as hyacinths, Narcifl^ufes of all kinds, early tulips, crocus^ anemones, ranunculus, or any other fpring flowering kinds ; having fmall pots or boxes filled with light fmdy earth, plant the roots therein juit over their crowns, and place the pots near a window, and when the roots begin to flioot, give occafional light watcrmgs, and they will flower in good perfection at aiiy early fcafon. Bloiving Floivcrs early in a Hat-houfc, ■ Any forts of bulbous, tuberous, and fibrous-rooted pe- rennfal flowers being planted in pots and now pl?.ced in a hot-houfe, or any forcing department at work, they will flioot and flower very early without trouble, only give oc- cafional waterings.— See ths Hot-honfc of this month, &r. Pots of rofcs, hypericums, fyrin^as, and other choi'ce flowering fiu'ubs may now be placed in the hot-houfe to flower early. — Sec the H.t-hotffe* Care of pei-cnnial filroits-rootcd Plants^ i)i Tots* Double WiilMcwsrs in pots, double flocks, and double C 6 uvect- 36 T H E P L E A s u R E, or [Jan, fweet-williams, alfo cuttings of double chryfanthemums, and any other of the choice^ kinds of perennial plants in pots, {hould be well fecured from fevere frofts. If thele plants in pots are placed in frames, let the glaffes, or other covering, be kept over them at all times when the froft is keen, or occafionally in very wet weather; but in mild, dry weather, the plants muft not be covered. Take care now alfo of all other choicer kinds of fibrous- rooted perennial plants in general, which are in pots, to fecure them from froft. Such as the double rofe campion, double fear let lychnis, tand all other fuch like kinds. Thofe plants which are in pots fliould, where there is Tiot the convenience of frames, be plunged to their rims in a dry and warm border, and in fevere weather covered with long litter ; but if you do not plunge the pots, they ihould be well defended, or moved into fome flieltered place at the approach of fevere froft. Seedl'r/ig Flo-zvcrs. Boxes or pots of any tender or choice kinds of feedling flowers Ihould be covered in frofty weather, either with mats, long litter, or fern, or the like, which fl:iould be laid a good thicknefs over them, and clofe round their iides, or remove them under a garden frame and glaffes, &c. Likewife beds of the more tender and curious forts of ieedllng flowers, in the common ground, fhould alfo be covered in hard froils, with long litter ; but be fure to re- move the covering when the weather is foft and mild. Protc^ing FloKverbig-fmrubs from Froji, If you have hardy flowering ftirubs or ever-greens, in pots, you fnouid, to protecl their roots from the froft, plunge the pots to their rims in the ground. Chufe a dry jpot to pluitge them in ; that is, where water is not apt to Itand. Protect alfo the roots of the choicer kinds of nev/-plnnted trees, ilowering-flu-ubs, and ever-grcens from frolt, if it il ould fet in hard. This is done by laying dry mulchy litter on the furfrice of the ground, round the ftem of the trees and flxrubs, as far as tlicir roots extend, or rather far- ther. ^Kppcrt Jan.] FtowER Garde k. 37 Support nevj planted Shrubs, Support tall new-planted flirubs, or trees, as require it, with flakes, that they may not be difplaced by the wind. Priming Flowering-Jhrtihs, and digging let\vcen theni. Prune flowerlng'-fhrubs in the clumps or quarters of the fhrubbery, or where they require it. This fliould gene- rally be done with a knife,, and not commonly with gar- den-fhears, as often pracflifed : all dead wood fhould be cut away ; alfo where the branches of different flirubs crowd one upon another, let fome be taken out, and fliorten long rambling flioots and rude luxau-iant growths ; for the flirubs in general fliould be kept clear of each other, fo that eac*h kind may be feen dillindly ; and clear away all fuckers that aril'e from the roots. The ground between flowering-flirubs and ever-greens, fliould be dug ; obferving, as you go on, to fliorten all ftraggling roots, taking care not to difturb the plants. This will do good to the flirubs, deflroy weeds, and the places will appear neat. Planting Flovoering-fr^ruls, In fettled open weather you may now plant, where want- ed, moft forts of hardy flowering-rtu-uhs. . Such as rofes, honey-fuckles, lilacs, and fyringas, altnjea and fpiraea frutex, geider-rofe, Perfian lilacs, laburnums, privets, and jafmines, the cinquefoil flirub, and bladder- feiia, the double hawthorn, double -bioflbm cherry, and dwarf almond, with double and fingle flowers, the mezereon and double -flowering peach, with the double and Angle f'.veet-briir, flowering rafpberry, and double bramble; and many other fixh like hardy kinds of flirubs may at this time be tranfplanted, provided the weather be any thing mild. For a lill of the hardy flowering fnrubs, evergreens, &c. which may now be planted, fee the catalogue of fnrubs at the end of the book. Rules for plant i/ig Flo'Vjering-JJyrJihs* In planting the various kinds of flowering-flirubs, par- ticular regard fliould be had to the diflances between plant and plant, and alfo to the arrangement, or order in placing them, fo that the diiferc-nt plants may be readily diUinguifii- ed ; for this is of very great importance. Therefore, in the difpofition of the flirubs, let the dif- I . fcrent jS The Pleasure, or [Jan; ferent heights and manners of growth of the various kinds be confidered, and placed fo that one plant may not over- bear another. The rule is, the taller the plant, the more backward in the border or clump it mufl be placed, and the fhorteft plants fliould be placed nearefl the front, fo as the whole may (land in a kind of theatrical order. The diflance which fliould be allowed between plant and plant is at leafl four or five feet; this is to be underflood when they are to be planted in the clumps or quarters of the (hrubbery ; but thofe that are intended to be planted in the common narrow borders mufl be allowed double that diflance at leafl. Propagathig hy Layers, In open weather may continue to lay the young branches and {hoots of all hardy flirubs, to raife a fupply of new plants, laying them into the earth four or five inches deep,, with the tops out, moil of them will be rooted by next au- tumn, fit for tranfplanting. See the Kurf^ry, . T ran/plant Suckers for Fropagution. Tranfplan.t fuckers from the roots of rofes, lilacs, fpiraja?, fyringas, and other flirubs, to raife a fupply of new plants j for by fuckers many forts of fhrubs may be propagated : let thefe fuckers be taken off carefully, with roots to each, and planted in rows eighteen inches afundcr ;. they will make good plants in two years time- Propagating hy Cuttings, Cuttings of the young {hoots of many forts of hardy de- ciduous fhrubs may alfo now be planted in open weather, efpecially towards the latter end of the month, and they will fucced, take root in fprlng and fummer, fhoot at top, and form good rooted young plants by next autumn. Care of Grafs IValhs and Lawns, Take great care now of the grafs walks and lawns in this garden ; they fliould be kept very near, by frequently poling and rolling them. Poling fhould be performed in open dry weather, which is done with a pliable taper afli pole, twelve or fift-cen feet long, or more, and fliould be ufed to break and fpread the worm calls about, vvhenever they appear on the grafs. After this, let the grafs be rolled with a wooden roller,- Jan.] Flower Garden. 39 roller, to wLich all the vvorm-caft earth will readily adhere, by which means your grafs will be rendered quite clean, fo as to appear extremely neat, and you will reap the advan- tage oi it in mowing-time. Making Grafs Walks or La^.vns, Now is alfo a proper time, w^hen the weather is open, to lay turf, where wanted, for. making or mending grafs walks or lawns. The befl turf for gardens is to be met with on commons or downs, where many (heep are pailured. When you go to cut turf, let them be marked out a yard long, and a foot broad : they muft be cut about an inch thick, with a pro- per turfing iron; and according as they are cut up, they Ihould be rolled up as clofe and as firm as poflible, for the more ready carrying and moving them about without breaking. Let the ground where they are to be laid be made as firm and even as poilible, by good treading, &c. that it may not fettle unequally hereafter ; having generally three or four inches of any light, poor rubbifhy foil at top, to prevent the grafs from growing rank : and rake the furface fmooth ready for the turf. In laying them, make the edges join clofe and even every way, and as foon as laid, the whole fhould be immediately well beaten with a heavy wooden beater, and afterwards rolled with a large ftone or iron roller* Gravel Walks, The gravel walks which have not been laid up in ridges fhould be kept clean from litter, and free from weeds jand let them be now and then rolled in dry wea* ther» Planting Box and Thrift for Edgings. Now is a very good time to plant box or thrift, where it is wanted for edgings to beds or borders. Thefe edgings may be planted any time this month, when the weather is mild. Both thefe make clofe and agreeable edgings, if neatly planted, and well kept afterwards. But the box is fuperior to every thing for forming the moil: efFe6lual, handfomeft, and durable edging. For the method of planting them, fee O^obcr andA'a- *vemher^ frcpa* 40 The Nursery. - [Jan, Preparation for Planting, i^c» Trench and prepare fuch parts of the pleafure-ground ' xvhere you intend to plant fiowering-lhrubs, this, or the next month. Alfo dig thofe clumps, or quarters, where you intend to plant evergreens, in February or March, that they may be in readinefs againfl planting-time. Dig fuch flower-borders as are vacant, that they may be ready to receive the plants, or feeds of flowers, the fol- lowing month. Planting Forejl-irecs^ ^c. Foreft and ornamental trees may now be planted in dry foils, in open weather ; both where defigned for woods and coppices, for timber, ^c. and for ornamental plantations. For the proper forts, fee the hijls of Hardy Trees at the end of the book. Plant Hedges^ and Plajly old ones. Now may alfo plant all forts of hardy deciduous hedges ; as hawthorn, whitethorn, hornbeam, beech, .elm, elder, alder, willow, hazel, &c. where wanted. ^ttDccernbcr. It is alfo a good time to plafli old naked hedges. See Dc' cemhcr. The Nursery. DIG the ground, if open \veather, between the rows of young trees and flirubs, of all forts. In performing this work, let the ground be digged one fpade deep ; as you go on trim off any Ifraggling roots of the trees and fiir'ubs : and hi digging give every Ipit a fair turn off the fpade, that the weeds on the furface may be buried properly. Tranfplanting and pruning For ejl -trees. Tranfplanting of forefl: trees may be performed anytime this month, if the weather is open, and the ground not too u'er. Particularly deciduous forcft-trces, of the hardy kinds, may be removed any time this month, if mild weather; but this fliould not be generally praCtilcd to cver-greens, ex- cept the weather appears alfo to be fettled. Trim Jan.] The Nursery. 41 Trim up the (lems of forell-trees, where they require it : this may be done, when little elfe can be done in the nur- fery ; for if it is performed in froily weather, the trees will receive no harm by the operation, efpecially the hardy kinds. Pruning and tr an/planting Flovjering-Jhruhs, Prune honey-fuckles and rofes, and alfo all other kinds of hardy flowering-flirubs that want it, training each with a fmgle ilem, and trimming their heads as you fhall fee occalion ; that is, cither to cut out, or fliorten, all Urag- ^ling fhoots, in fuch manner as you fliall fee neceflary to keep their heads fomewhat to a regular form. Jn open and fettled weather you may now tranfplant, where neceflary, moft forts of hardy flowering Ihrubs, in a dry foil ; but where the ground is apt to lodge wet, there fnouid not be any planted thereinbefore February. Planting Fruit-tree Stocks, Plantations of fruit-tree (locks for grafting and budding upoii, may be made any time of this month, if fnvournbjc wc.ithcr. Many of thofe raifed from feed, S^c. lad: fpring, or the year before, will be fit for this, digging them up out of the feed-bed, &c. with their full roots, and let them be planted in rows, two feet and a half afunder, and fifteen or eighteen inches didant from each other in the rows. For the methods of planting them, fee the Nurfery in O^ohr^ &c. Work infrojiy Weather, In frody weather carry dung, and lay on fuch places of the nurfery as require it. This may be neceflary to fuch quarters as have been late^- ly cleared, and that are intended to be planted again with a freih flock; and let it be trenched in regularly one full fpade deep, at lead. Preparing Ground for planting and Jov^ing. In open weather, you fliould, as much as poilible, for- ward the digging and trenching the pieces of ground where young trees and fhrubs are to be planted in fpring. Now begin to prepare fonie ground, where it is not wet, for the reception of ftones and kernels of hardy fruits, to raife a fupply of flocks, for the purpofe of budding and grafting upon. .Thefe, 42 The Nursery. [Jan. Thefe, if mild weather, maybe fovvn about the middle of hitter end of this month, oblerving to fovv them in beds tour feet wide; cover the flones an inch and a half deep at leail with earth, and the kernels near an inch : the plants Vk'ill appear in i\pril and May, when they mull: be kept re- markably clean from weeds, by a careful hand- weeding ; and moderate waterings in dry weather will be ferviceable, when they are newly come up. Some of them will be fit for tranfplanting in nurfery rows next November, and the following planting months ; which fee. Get ready alfo fome ground, to fow the feeds, nuts, and berries, &c. of hardy foreft-trees and iiowering-flirubs. The ground for this purpofe, muft be chofen in a dry and iheltered part of the nurfery. Let it be neatly dug, and divide it in beds three or four feet wide. The feed, &c. may be fown, if open weather, about the laft week in the month. Let them be fowed tolerably thick, and co- vered with earth about an inch deep. The furface of the beds wherein the above feeds are Town, fhould be very well cleared from flones. See February* Care offender and young Seedling Trees, Take great care now of all the tenderer kinds of feedling trees, (hrubs, and other plants raifcd from feed lail year ; many kinds will, in hard frod, need fome flielter. Particularly the young feedling plants of the cedar of Lebanon, &c. the arbutus, or flravvberry-tree, and alio the tenderer kinds of pines and firs, and the feedling plants of cyprefs, and fuch like kinds of young feedling ever-green plants, will (land in need of fhelter in the time of fevere troft. Therefore, at the approach of the firfl froll, the pots, tubs, or boxes, wherein the young cedars, or others of the like kind of feedlings are, fhould be placed under a common garden-frame, and in the time of hard frolls the glafles, and other covering, if neceflary, put on ; but they mull be kept conftantly open in mild weather. But fuch tender feedling plants as are growl ng In beds,and require flielter in time of frofl,{hould be covered at fuch times with mats. Firfl ereding fome hoops acrofs the bed, and the mats to be drawn over them occalionally for the defence of the plants. Like wife fome of the more hardy kinds of young plants may be Iheltered in bad weather, by laying fome peas-ilraw» Jan.] The Nursery. 4^ or other long litter, lightly over them ; this will protedt the tender tops and roots from the froft. But this covering muft not be fuffered to remain longer than necefliiry to defend the plants. Propagathig ly Layers, You may flill make layers in open weather of fuch trees or Hirubs as you defire to encl-eafe. This work of laying down the branches of ftirubs or trees to propagate them, is very eafily performed ; and there are a great many kinds of trees and Ihrubs to be increafed by this operation. The manner of performing it is as fol- lows ; In the firft place it mud: be remarked, that the young branches that w^ere produced laft fummer, are the moll pro- per parts to be layed, for thefe will put out roots much freer than the branches that are a year or two older. Ob- fcrving farther, that as many of the flirub kinds branching out near the earth, afford an opportunity of laying them with great facility, but fuch as run up with tall flems, and thofe of the tree kinds, require that fome ftrong young plants with flems two or three inches thick, be cut down near the ground a year or two before, to form flooh to fur- nilli a fupply of fhoots near the earth convenient for laying therein. The ground muft be dug about the fiirub or tree that is to be layed, and as you go on bring down the branches, and fallen them in the ground with hooked pegs, obfervingto lay down all the young wood on each branch in- to the earth, covering therewith the body of each layer three or four inches deep, and faftening each alfo with a peg, if neceflary, and raile the tops upright out of the earth. But in laying fome hard-wooded trees and flirubs it is neceffary to ilit the layer, by making a gafh with a knife on the under fide, flitting it an inch or more upward ; ^i^ laying that part in the earth, keeping the gafh a little open, which will greatly affift the rooting, by promoting the emilTion of fibres at the cut part. Thofe which are laid in this or next month will be toler- ably well rooted by next autumn, and mull then be fcparat- cd from the tree, and planted in the nurfery to get ftrength. Propagating Flowering-Jhrulst ^c. hy Cuttings* Plant cuttings of honey-fuckles in open weather, to raife fome new plants. Oattingi 44 The N it r s e r y. [Jan. Cuttings of many other kinds of flowering -Ihrubs and trees, may alfo ftill be planted ; and there is a vail number of plants that may be raifed by this method. There is hardly any tree or llirub but what may be encreafed either by this method, or by layers, or by fuckers, from the root. But the manner of propagating trees and fnrubs by cut- tings, is this : The cuttings mull: be young fnoots of the lafl year's growth, which mufl be cut with a fliarp knife from the tree or fhrub you defire to propagate ; they mail be from about fix to ten, twelve, or eighteen inches long, according to their ftrength and manner of growth j let them be planted in a -fliady iituation, and in rows a foot afunder, and little more than that diilance from one another in the row^, and every putting full half its length in the ground. .Plant Cuttings and Suclers of Goofehcrry and Currant-huJIjeSj to raife a Supply of I^ civ Plants* , Propagate gooieberry and currant-bufliei by cuttings of the young flioota and fuckers from root : by both of which metiioJs they are pix>pugnted with great facility and abun- dance, though fome prefer cutting^J, ns thinking they arc not apt to run fo much to wood, and produce larger fruit than fuckers, and we have formerly been of the fame c]>i- nion, but from farther obfervation found no material difte- rence. When defigned to raife them from cuttings, they mud be {hoots of the lail fummer's growth, and fhould be cut from healthful trees, and muil be about ten, twelve, fif- teen, or eighteen inches in length, or more, accord- ing to their growth. They mail be planted in row's, twelve or fifteen inches afunder, introducing each cutting one third, or near half way into the ground. Note, thefe cuttings fhould be planted in a fliady border ; they will make good fnoots the following fummer, and the fecond or third year from planting will bear fruit. And to propagate them by fuckers, they riiing abun- dantly from the root in fpring and fummer, let them be digged up with roots, the firil or fecond autumn or winter after ; trim any broken part of the roof, and fhorten the weak tops, then plant them in nurfery rows, and they ■will form good plants in a year or two for the garden plan- tations. Obferve Jan.] The G r e e n-H o u s ev 45 Obferve to train both the cuttings and fuckers to fingle clear ftems, fifteen or eighteen inches; then let them branch out and form heads. The Green-House. GREEN-HOUSE plants will require frcfli air, at all times when the weather will permit. In mild days, when the air is any thing moderate, and the wind flill, let the windows be opened a little about ten or eleven o'clock, and about twa or three in the afternoon let them be fliut down again. But the time of opening and the time they fhould be kept open, mufl always be determined by the weather; for there are many changes of weather, fometimes, in one day, at this feafon. In fro rty weather, the windows mull: be kept conilantly fliut; and, if very fevere, let the window-fliutters, if any, alfo be fliut, every night ; and even in the day time, when the froft is extremely rigorous. If the froft flill threatens the plants, let mats be nailed up againft all the windows, and remove the tender plants in front, as far from danger as polTible. Keep the plants pcrfe(5lly clear from decayed leaves, and keep the floor and every part of the houfe clean and free from litter of every fort. When the weather is foggy, or very wet, it will be pro- per to keep the green-houfe clofe. Water mult be given to fuch plants as you fee require It, but let that be given in very moderate quantities, and al- ways, ifpoflible, take the opportunity of a mild day, and if funny the better. But very little water mull be given at this feafon of the year to any of the aloes, fedums, or any other of the fuc- culent plants. Let it likewife be obferved, that fuch of the woody kinds, as oranges, myrtles, &c. as you fliall fee neceflary to water, fliould have but a very moderate quantity given them at any one time, at this feafon. In fuch grcen-houfes where there are the convenience of fiues for occational fire heat in very rigorous weather, fliould, in time of continued fevere frofl, make moderate fires in the furnace in an everting and morning only, juft fufficient. 4^ The Hot-House; [Jan. fufficlent to warm the inclofed air enough to relift the froil : alfo in very foggy or moift weather may make a very mo- derate fire to expel the damp, which often proves pernicious to fome of the more delicate plants. But by no means keep a fire in this department but only occafionally as above, and let it always be very moderate, not to force' the plants into growth at this feafon. The Hot- House. Piues, AT this feafon the hot-houfe requires good attendance, for fome of the pines will now, towards the end of the month, begin to fliew fruit, and your affiftance is at no time more neceffary than when the fruit firft appears j for if the heat of the bark-bed is not kept up at that time, the young fruit will receive a check m.ore than may be imagined. As notwithftanding the air of the houfe can be fufficiently warmed by the flues, yet thefe plants alfo require always a moderately brlfk growing heat to their roots, but efpecially when the fruit is young ; and without that they will be inuch inferior in fize to what they otherwife would have been. Examine therefore carefully at this time the heat of th« bark-bed in which the pots of pines are plunged ; and if you find it very faint, take up all the pots, and let the bark be forked up to the bottom. But bfefore you proceed to this, let the bark be firft well examined ; and if found to be much wafted, that is, if much of it is become very fmall, or earthy, it will be advifeable to add at the fame time a little new tan, firft removing away fome of the wafted ftuff at top and fides, and then working the old and new well to- gether. When that is done, let the pots be replunged again to their rims, in a regular manner, as before. This will enliven the heat greatly, and, if done in proper time, the young fruit will grow freely. Let the fires be made very regularly every evening and morning, and take care that they are not made too ftrontr, for that would be of very bad confequence, and to a\*oid this, have a thermometer in t^e houfc, as a dire^ftion to regulate the degree of heat. Water Jan.] The Hot-House. ^7 Water fliould be given to the plants about once a week, if there is a good heat in the tan ; but give them this article moderately, and let as little as poffible fall into the heart or between the leaves at this feafoii. For the conveniency of watering the pines and other plants that are plunged in the bark-bed, you fhould have a pipe made of tin : this ftioiild be in three parts, or different pieces, in order that it may be fiiortened or lengthened, as you fee it convenient ; one of tbefe joints, or pieces, (liould have a funnel made at the largell end, for by pouring the water out of a handy watering-pot, into the funnel, the water is conveyed to any of the pots in any part of the bed, with great eafe to the gardener, and without pouring it into the heart of the plants, or in the leaft difturbing them, A tub, or ciflern, if it could be conveniently placed in the hot-houfe, to hold water, jufl to take the chill off before it is given to the plants, would prove of advantage. All other tender exotic plants in the hot-houfe or flove, (liould be fupplied with water as they require it. Xhe woody kinds will require it often, but thofe that are ofthefucculent tribe will require it butfeldom, or, at leail, but very little nmfl be given them at a time. Every plaint in the hot-houfe or flove fliould be kept per- fectly clean from dull or any fort of foulnefs ; if any thirfg of that nature appears on their leave?, let the large-leaved forts be wafhed with a fponge, &c. the others by occafion- ally watering them all over the top. Kidney-leans ralfed in the Hot-boufc. Thofe who have the conveniency of a hot-houfe, may raife early kidney-beans with little trouble. The early dwarf forts are proper for this purpofe, and the fpeckled dwarf alfo fucceeds remarkably well. The method is this : fill fome large pots, or long narrow troughs or boxes with rich dry earth, and place them on the top of the wall that enclofes the bark-bed ; but boxes are much the befl for this purpofe ; they fliould be three feet long, nine inches deep, ten or, twelve inches wide at top, and eight at bottom, which being filled with earth, draw a drill along the middle an inch deep ; drop the beans in the drill, three inches a-part, and cover them a full inch. if you ufe pots for that purpofe, plant four beans in each pot, and plant them the fame depth as in the boxes. When the beans have fprouted, fprinkle the earth with a little water, wi^ich will help the plants to rife ; when they ^8 The Hot-House. [Jan. they are up, water them frequently. The early white dwarf, fpeckled dwarf, and the livered-colourcd kidney- bean, are the beft for this purpofe. Let the plants be fupplied with proper waterings two or three times a week, and they will grow freely, and producer plentiful crops of beans in March and April. Plant a fucceffional crop in a fortnight or three week? after, in fmall pots, ready for turning out with balls of earth into the larger pots, &c. Of Cucumbers in the Hot-houfe, Cucumbers may alfo be raifed and brought to early per- feftion in the hot houfe. Prepare for that purpofe fome boxes, the fame length and depth as for kidney-beans ; but they lliould be a foot or fifteen inches broad: fill thefe with rich earth, and place them up near the top glafles, or upon the top of the back or end flues, obferving to place the bottcm of the boxes a a foot or more above the top of the flue. But the beft tituation for boxes, or troughs, -for cucum- ber plants, is to place them, by means of lupports, with- in about fifteen or eighteen inches of the top glafles, ered- ing them nearly under, or rather behind the place where the upper ends of the lights and the back roof joins. The feed may either be fowcd in fmall pots, and placed in a dung hot-bdd, or the bark-bed in th.e hot-houfe to r.afe the plants, or may be fown at once in the hoves, fix or ei-bt feeds in a fmall patch ; and in a box cf three feet lonu there may be two other patches; and when the plants a!e\)p,' they fnould be thinned our, leaving three or four of the firongeft plants in each place. Or, if you raife the plants firfi in fmall pots, plunged in the bark-bed, or in a dung hot-bed, let them be after- wards tranfplanted, with the ball of earth about their roots, into the boxes, or larger pots. When the runners of the plants have advanced to the out- fide of the boxes, you may fix up fome laths to fupport the vines, which fhould be failened to them. Let them have water frequently, for they will require it every other day at lead. Early Straivherrlcs in the Hcyt-houfe. Strawberries may be brought to perfedion in the hot- houfe; and if a few early ones are dcfired, this is the time 10 begin. The Feb.] The Kitchen Garden. 49 The fcarlet and Alpine ftrawberries are the forts that will fucceed befl ; they fhould be planted in pots, obfendng to take them up and plant them with a ball of earth about, their roots ; but this fliould be done fome time before you place them in the hot-houfe. See next month. If the plants for this purpofe were to be potted at Mi- chaelmas, or in Oclober, &c. it would be better. Place the pots towards the front of the houfe, near the gla/Tes, and let them have water frequently, efpecially when they are in bloffom, and the fruit young; but ob- ferving, that when they are in bloffom not to water too fteely over flowers, giving it only chiefly to the earth in the pots. Of FIo-ivcving-plMifs in the Hot-houfe. In the hot-houfe you maylikewife bring many kinds of flowers to blow at an early feafon, by placing pots or boxes, with the plants therein, any time this month. Particularly fuch as pots of rofes and honey-fuckles ; pots of carnations, fweet-williams, wall and flock July flowers, &-C. and pots or boxes of any kinds of bulbous roots, planted either in earth or fand. FEBRUARY. Work to he done in the Kitchen Garden, Cucumhers and Melons. WHERE the raiflng of early cucumbers and me- lons was not begun lafr month, it may now be commenced the beginning or middle of this with a greater profpeft of fuccefs ; obferving exaclly the fame method in making the feed hot-bed, fowing the feed, and general management of the bed and plants, as direfted under the head cucumbers, &c. in the kitchen garden of January. Ridgiyig out early Cucumbers and Melcns taifedlaji Month, If the cucumber and melon plants, which were raifejl the beginning of the laft month, have not fuifcred by artv D of £0 The Kitchen Garden. [Feb. of the accidents that are attendant on them at this feafdn, they will now be arrived to a proper fizc for ridging out into a larger hot- bed, finally to remain ; a neAV hot bed, for one or more large frames, (hould therefore be prepared in due time for their reception. Provide for that purpofe, the beginning of this month, as much new horfe-dung as will make a bed for one or more frames, three feet and a half high. The neceiTary quan- tity, is one tolerable cart load to every light ; fo, if for a three-light frame, three load is rcqulnte -, or about fix and thirty or forty large wheel-barrows full ; and fo in propor- tion for every fuch frame. The dung being procured, let it be thrown up in a high henp, and let it lie eight, ten, or twelve days, according to the condition of it, or quan- tity you intend to ufe. If poffible, let the heap be turned over once in the time, which will let the rank ftcam and firongftenchofthedung pafs oft'; and by mixing the parts together, it will mellow, and prepare the dung well, by which means it will work kindly, when made up in the bed ; the heat will be fteady and laRing, and not apt to burn. The dung being thus prepared, proceed to making the hot-bed : begin the bed by fhaking fome of the longell dung into the bottom, then take the dung as it comes to hand, and fhake it equally on every part, and beat it down v.'ith the fork from time to time as you go on. In this manner let the bed be carried up neatly and even on every fide three feet and a half high ; which fubftance may appear confiderable at firlt, but we muil allow for fettling, as it will probably fettle a foot in Icfs than a fortnight. - The bed being finilhed, put on the frame and lights, v/hich will defend the bed from wet, and bring up the heat the fooner ; tilting one end of the lights a little, that the Iteam may pafs off. In a week after the bed is made, if it has fettled unequally, take off the frame, and make the bed level, then immediately put on the frame again for good. After this let the Hate of the bed be daily examined with good attention ; and when you find the violent heat is over, you may lay in the earth, but be fure let the burning heat be over firft. The earth for this purpofe Ihould be rich, and it fhould alfo be quite dry ; for that is a material article to be re- garded at this feafon. The earth proper for cucumber*, may Feb.] The Kitchen Garden. 51 m:iy be either any prepared compoil of the temperatnre of light rich kitchen-garden earth, or in default of this, m?.y take a quantity from any of tlie quarters of the kitchen- garden, provided it be naturally light and dry, and well enriclied with dung ; but thefe earths fhould be prepared three or four months before you want to ufe them, fo fhould, in a dry time, about Michaelmas, be brought in and thrown up in a heap ridgeways, in a dry place, open to the fun and free air, mixing therewith at the fame time fome good rot- ten dung, breaking and blending both well together : a due quantity of this compoft heap, Hiould be carried into i'ome Ihed, or other fheltered place, open in front to the fun, a month or fortnight at leail before you want it, that it may be preferred perfectly dry for earthing the bed. Then when the bed is in order, lay about half a bufliel, or rather more, of earth, juft under in the middle of each light, raifmg each parcel of earth in a round hillock, ten or twelve inches Jiigh : then let thefpaces between the hil- locks, and quite to the fides of the frame, be covered with the fame fort of earth, two cr three inches thick, which is by degrees to be augmented till raifed as high as the top ojf the hills, as hereafter directed. The reafon for laying the earth in little hills, is becaufe we may venture to ufe the bed fome days fooner than if it was to be earthed all over to. the full thicknefs at once,; far if the bed fliould burn after the plants are in, you can more readily prevent the earth, and alfo the roots of the plants, from being burnt thereby, by drawing the earth away round the bottom of the hills as it burns, and fupply the place iiill with more frefh mold : fo that if the bed v/as to be molded at once all over to the intended depth, the above precaution could not be practifed. As foou as the bed is earthed-as above, put on the glaffes ; and by the next day, the hillocks of earth will be warm ; if they be, level the top of each a little, fo that they may be about eight or ten inches thick, or thereabouts ; then be- gin to put in the plants. Previous to this, obferve, that having, lail: month, di- refted the plants to be pricked into fmall pots, they are now to be turned out of thefe pots with the ball of earth entire, and planted, one pot of plants in each of the above hills of earth : but in order to have the whole ball of earth" ad- here cloiely about the roots, it is eligible to give the D 2 pots 52 The Kitchen Garden. [Feb. pots fome water the day before they arc to be planted ; and the method of plan ting is this : having fome pots of the llrong- eft plants ready, lay your hand on the furface of the pot, tak- ing the ftems of the plants carefully between your fingers ; then turn the mouth of the pot downwards, and ftrlke the edge gently on the frame ; the plants with the ball of earth to their roots, will come out entire; then, making a hole in the middle of each hillock of earth, place one pot of plants, with the ball entire, in each hole, clofmg the earth well round the ball ; and let the rop of each ball be covered about an inch, bringing the earth clofe round the ftems of the plants ; then give a very moderate water- ing towards the outfide of the ball of the plants ; obferving to ufe fuch as has ftood in the bed long enough to take the chillnefs off; and let as little as poftible touch their leaves and ftems at this time : this done, then jfhut all the lights down clofe for the prefent, till the fteam rifes again ftrong, theiT muft be tilted a little in proportion to give it vent. The plants being now ridged out, it is necefTary to cover the lights every night with mats,' putting them on about half an hour, or an hour, or little more or lefs, after fun- fet, and uncover again in the morning about fun-rifing : in covering up, never let the ends of the mat hang down low over the fides of the frame, which would ftifle the plants, and draw up a hurtful fteam. Air muft be admitted to them every day, when the wea- ther is any thing favourable, by raifing one end of the glafTes an inch or two, or in proportion lo the fharpnefs or mildnefs of the outward air and heat and fteam of the bed. In giving the plants air, it is a good method, at this fea- fon, in cutting weather, to faften a mat acrofs the ends of the lights, where tilted, to hang down over the place where the air enters the frame ; the mat v^'ill break the wind, and .iharp a'r, before it reaches the plants, and yet there will be a due proportion of air admitted, without expofing them diredly to it ; and there will alfo be full liberty to let the fteam off^. Likewife, in covering the glaftes on nights with mats, if there be a ftrong heat, and great fteam in the bed, let the lights be raifed a little when you cover up, and let them remain fo all night, and ufe the mats as above^ men- tioned. Feb.] The Kitchen Garden. S3 tioned, to hang down before the place where the glaffes are raifed. One great article to be attended to now, is to fupport a conftant growing heat in the hot- bed, fo as to keep the plants in a regular growing ilate. The firft thing to be ob- ferved toward this, is that in fix or eight days after ridging out the plants, provided the heat of the bed i'? become mo- derate, it will be very proper to lay fome kind of dry long litter, fuchaswafte hay, fern, draw, &c. round the bed, lay- ing it near a foot thick, and as high as five or fix inches up the fides of the frame : but this fnoukl be particularly prac- tifed if it is very wet weather, but more efpecially if driving rains, or fnow, as alfo if there be cold piercing winds ; all of which would chill the bed, and, without the above precaution, would fometimes occafion fuch fudderi and great decay of the heat, as to prove the manifeil de- flrudion of the plants : whereas the above lining of litter will defend the bed, and preferve a fine heat till the dung begins naturaJly to decline, or decay of itfelf, which is generally in a month or five weeks after the bed is made, when the warmth of it mufl be renewed by adding a lining of frefh hot dung clofe to its fides. But for the iirfl week or ten days after the plants are ridged out into this bed, you mull mind that their roots have not too much heat ; for it fometimes happens that a bed, after the moid and plants are in, will begin afrefh to heat fo violently, as to burn the earth at the bottom of the hills ; and, without fome precaution is taken, the burn- ing will foon reach the roots of the plants : therefore, for the firlt week or ten days, let the bottom of the hiirocks be at times examined, by drawing away a little of the earth ; and if any burning appear, remove the burnt eartJi, Ye"- place it with new, and, by drawing fome of the earth away quite round, let the hills be kept as narrow as they v/ill juft fland, fo as to fupport the plants ; and fo let them re- main till the danger of burning is over ; and then put the earth round them again. When the great heat abates, or the roots of the plants be- gin to appear through the fides of the hillocks, then begin to add fome earth all round them ; about three days after, you may lay fome more; and in two or three days after that, you may earth the bed all over, to the full thicknefs, fo as to be equal with the tops of the hillocks. But before you lay 9 3 the 54 The Kitchen Garden. [Feb. t^ie fiefli earth to the fides of the hills, let it firft be a night in the fram«, laying it up towards the outfides, that it rnay acquire an equal degree of warmth with that in the bed : then it will not be in danger of chilling the roots of the plants. I'he next parti-cular care, is that of lining the hot-bed,^ when the heat declines ; therefore, when you find the heat of the bed begins to decreafe much, let a lining of good hot dung be applied in due time to the back or front of tlie bed, or to both, if the heat is very low. The dung for this purpofe Ihould be prepared in the fame manner as at making the bed. Remember, that if there was a lining ■of dry litter laid round the fides of the bed, to defend it from wet, &'c. as before directed, this mull hrlt be re- moved, before you apply the lining of the dung, for this niuil be piled up clofe to the fides of the bed, about eigh- teen inches wide, and Ihould be raifed about four or five inches higher than the dung of the bed to allow for fet- tling 1 lay feme earth on the top of the lining,_to keep the fteam of the dung from coming up that way; which, if it did, would be apt to enter the frame, at the^place where the lights are raifed to admit air, and prove of bad confe- ^uefiCe to the. p]i.nts. Or SiGjping or Pruning the ahcve P hints. The young plants, both cucumbers and melon?, flicukl i r itoppcd, < r pruned, if not done before, at the hrfl joint ; •;is \\\\\ caufe thera to fend out fruitful runners. This operation ihould be performed v/hen the plant? have ?\vo rough leaves, r.nd when the fecond rough leaf is about r'le bre?jdf,h of a fniUing before it is fully expanded ; for the ionnci: it is done, the focner the plants acquire ltr(?ngth, and put out fruitful runners. It is to be dene in the follovVing nianner : You will fee arifing at the bottom of the fecond rough leaf, and as it were enclofed within it, the end of the firft ri-nner. This appears like a fmail bud; which bud, or runner, being the top of the plant, is now to be taken off clofe, and may be done cither with tlie point of a pen- knife or {mall' fcilTars, or pinched off carefully with the dinger and thumb; or, when it is very fmall, it may be picked off with the point of a pin or needle; but, which- ever Feb.] The Kitchen Garden, 55 ever way you take it off, be careful not to go fo clofe as to wound the joint from whence it proceeds. Having thus pruned, or Hopped the plants at the £rll joint, they will by that means very quickly get ftrength, as will plainly appear in a few days ; and in about ten or twelve days, after b;ing thus treated, will each begin to fend forth two or three runners ; which runners will pro- bably fhew fruit at t'hf'ir firft, fecond, or third joints ; for if che main or lirll runner was not to be ftopped as above, it would perhaps run half a yard, or two feet, in length, without putting out more runners to fill the frame, or with- out iliewing a fmgle fruit ; fo that it is upon thefe lateral ihoots or runners, produced after flopping the plants, that the fruit is moft likely firft to appear in any tolerable time in the fealon : but let it be alfb obferved, that when the faid lateral ihoots have three joints, and that if any of them do not then ihcw fruit at either of the joints, it will be proper to pinch off the tops of fuch fhoots at the third joint ; which will promote their putting forth a fupply of two or three new flioots ; fomc or all of which will moil: likely b„' fruitful; and after this, let the plants take their own courfe of growth ; and if the bed is well managed, and if the plants are forward, they will probably produce fruit the end of this month, or beginning of next ; but for the further management of the bed and plants, fee next month. Of fo^ving Cucumber and Melon Seed. As there may be many perfons who did not begin lall month to fow cucumbers for an early crop, it will here be proper to take notice, that the beginning of this month is lUll a good time to begin that work, making a feed hot- bed for fowing the feed, as dire^led in January. Thofe which are fown at this time will, with good ma- nagement, produce fruit in the end of March, or beginning of April ; and thofe fown in the middle or latter end of the month, v/ill have fruit the end of April, and will bear plen- tifully in May. The beginning of this month is a very good time to be- gin to fow melons for a good crop in the frames. The feed hot-bed which is to be made now, either for cucumbers or melons, mull be of the fame dimenfions, and the feed fown, and the plants managed, as dirededlafl month. D 4 But ^G The Kitchen Garden. [Feb. But obferve, that to be well fiipplied with either cucum- ber or melon plants, either to plant in new beds;, or to have a refervein cafe of accidents to any already planted out, it will be very proper to low fome feed at three different times this month. Or thefe may be Town each time, in fach hot-beds or ridges as are already made ; and, when fit to prick out, let it be in fmall pots, as direded in raifing the plants laft month, and plunged in the back part of the fame bed. They may be kept there till wanted, either for new, or fo fupply aoy deficiency in the prefent beds. Forcing j^fparagus. Hot-beds for obtaining early aiparagus may be made any time in this month. For the purpofe of forcing afparagus, we muft be pro- vided with proper plants ; thefe are previoufly raifed in the natural ground from feed, as hereafter direded, which be- ing tranfplanted from the feed-bed into other beds in the common ground, and having two or three years growth there, they are then in a proper flate for forcing : obferv- ing, that the necefiary quantity is from about five to fix or feven hundred for a bed for a three-light frame, and fo in proportion, for the plants are crowded very clofe, in order that by having as many plants as pofiibie in each frame, they may produce a proportionable fupply of afparagus, to recompenfe fufiiciently for the great trouble and expence requifite in forcing. The' hot-beds, for this purpofe of forcing afparagus, are made of frefh horfe-dung, full of heat, and muft be made very fubftantial ; provide, therefore, a proper quantity of the above fort of dung, and ihake it up in a heap as di- rected for cucumber hot-beds ; and in a week or fortnight, according to the quality and quantity of the dung, it will be of a proper temperature for making the hot-bed. The dung being thus in order, then prepare to make the liot-bed, either upon level ground if the fituation is wet, or for the convenience of having plenty of good earth at hand for earthing the bed, it may be made in a conve- nient quarter of tKe kitchen garden, where may be digged a trench the width of the intended bed, and about a foot deep, laying the earth ready for ufe : then let the hot- bed be made for one or more three-light frames in a range, allowing Feb.] The Kitchen Garden. 57 allowing for it to be three or four inches wider on every fide than the frame, and make it a yard high at leall, and when at its proper height, level the top even and fmooth: then directly, without putting on the frame, as yet, earth it all over hx or feven inches thick, for the immediate reception of the plants, for no time maft be loft in making- the moft of the hot-bed in forcing afparagus ; but remark- ing the frame muft not yet be put on, for the heat of the bed being very ftrong at iirft, the framing it wou4d make it heat too violently. The bed being made, and earthed as above, then having- a proper quantity of afparagus plants, proceed to place them on the furface of the earth, previoafly raifmg at one end a fmall ridge of earth five or fix inches- high, ngainlt whicli to place the firft courfe of plants. I'his done, mark orr the furface the width of the frame, and then begin and place the plants againft tliis little ridge of earth, as clofe to one another as poffible, then place others againft thefe iit the fame manner ; and fo continue laying them one againft another, as clofe every way as poifible to the width of the mark for the frame, from one end to the other of the bed. With their tops or crowns all upright, and of an equal le- vel r then when the whole bed is thus planted, let fome moift earth be diredly banked up againft the outfide roots, all around, as high as their tops ; which done, cover the crowns of the roots all over with light rich earth, about two inches thick, which concludes the work for the pre- fent ; till the buds or young fhoots of the afparagus begin to appear through the earth. V/hen the buds therefore of the afparagus begin to ap- pear through the furface of the earth, then prepare to add another portion of three or four inches depth of more mold : previous to this, a wreath of thick ftraw-bands fhould be fixed round the top of the earth of the bed, clofe to the edge, to fecure this farther fupply of earth, and to place the frame on : for this purpofe make fome large ftraw- bands or ropes, three or four inches thick ; and having a quantity of fmall, Iharp-pointed wooden pegs, fix the ftraw- band down neatly along the top of the earth, next the edge, juft in the proper place, to receive the bottom of the frame, for it ferves both to fecure the fecond covering of earth, and fupport the frame, when it is put on ; when the wreath is thus fixed, then cover the young buds of the af- D 5 paragU5 5^ The Kitchen Garden. [Feb: paragus all'over v/ith a fupply of light earth, three or four inches thick, or as high as the top of the aforefuiJ wreath ; for there muft be a fuiiicient depth of earth for the buds to ihoot through, that they may be of a proper length. Having applied the fecond addition of earth, then, if you judge that ail danger from burning is over, it will be proper Xo put on the frame ; place it upon the wreath of llraw- bands J and as foon as thus placed, put on the lights. After the frame is placed on the bed, it is neceilary, if there is a great fteam, to raife the lights at top occaiionally an inch high, or thereabouts, to give the fleam vent to pafs away, and to admit frefh air, but efpecially when the buds lirft begin to appear. Obferve, that if during the time the bed is without the frame, ther "pieces to be D 6 -^sith 6o The Kitchen Garden. [Feb. with tranfplanted plants : one to be a year's growth from the time of planting before the other ; by which melhod of fov/ing a quantity of feed, and planting out a quantity of plants every fpring, you will, after the hrlt three years, obtain a frelh piece of plants every year, fit for forcing. The feafon to fow the feed is the lall: week in February, or firft fortnight in March ; it fliould be fovvn in a fpot of light rich ground ; fow it tolerable thick and tread it down evenly, then rake it into the ground, in a regular manner^ See March. The feafon to tranfplant the plants from the feed-bed is in March, obferving the method as direftedin that month. The feafon to begin to make hot-beds for forcing thefe plants, is according to the time you defire to have the plants ht for ufe; for initance, if you defire them at Chriltmas, begin in the feccnd or third week in November. Such perfons as do not choofe to raife the plants them,- felvcs for forcing, or fuch as defire to be furnifhed with plants for that purpofe till their own is ready,, may in ei- ther cafe be furnilhed with them, at moll of the kitchen gardeners near great cities, but particularly thofe near London, many of whom raife great quantities purpofely for fale,. and at a fit age for forcing. They fell them generally by the rod of ground they grow upon, and about eight or ten fliillings is the price : there are generally between two and three hundred roots in a rod ; and tvvo and a half or th^ee rods at mofl, is fuffi.- cient for a three-light frame. Thefeplants, if properly packed u^p in hampers, or boxes, with ilraw, may be conveyed to a great dillance : I have had them come fixty miles in the winter feafon for forcings when they have come very fafe, aad produced buds plen- tifully. Mujhrooms* Take care that the mufhroom beds are ftill well defended from heavy rains and froft ; both of which would deHroy the fpawn. The covering of flraw fhould never be lefs than twelve or fifteen inches thick, on every part of the bed. If the wet at any time has penetrated quite through any part of the covering, let the wet ftraw be removed, and replaced with fojae that is clean and dry. For Feb.] The Kitchen Gar DE^f. • 6i For the particular management of theie beds, fee Sep- temher. Kidney 'B cans. The beginning ofthis month you may make a hot-bed for fome early kidney-beans. Prepare for that purpofe fome new horfe-dung, as di- rected for cucumber and other hot-beds ; with which let the beds be made about two feet and an half high, and long enough for one or more frames. Make the furface of the bed even and fmooth, and put on the frame. When the heat is become moderate, let the bed be covered with rich light earth, {tx^n or eight inches thick ; then draw drills from the back to the front cf the frame, a foot afunder, and an inch deep. Drop the beans therein, two or three inches apart, and cover them an inch deep, with earth. The beil fort for this purpofe is the yellow, or liver co- loured kidney-bean, becaule they come earlier, and do not run fo ftrong or rampant as the other forts ; you may alfo plant the fpeckled dv/arf kind, which v/ili continue longer in bearing than the other forts. When the plants begin to appear, raife the lights every day, to admit air, which will llrengthen them. When they are up, let them have moderate fprinklings of water at times. For their further management, fee the ai'ticle Kidney" Beans in the work of March. Small SaUadin^» Sov/ the different forts of fmall fallading once a week, or ten days, fuch as creiles, mullard, radilh, rape, and lettuce, &:c. Thefe fmall herbs, if open mild weather, may now be fown in beds or borders of natural earth, in the common ground ; but, provided you have the conveniency, it will, notwithftanding, be proper to fhelter the bed with a frame and lights ; or with bell or hand-glaffes ; or, where thefe are wanting, you may fow the feeds on warm borders, and /helter them at night, and in bad weather, with a covering of mats. Choofe for thefe feeds a fpot of dry light ground ;. and in digging it, let the earth be well broken, and alfo well raked, to make the earth fine, and the furface fmooth; then draw lliallow drills from north to fouth, about three inches afundej: j 6i The Kitchen Garden. [Feb. afunder ; fow the feed very thick, and cov^^er it about a quarter of an inch deep with the e.^rth ; and, if it is in- tended to cover with glartes, let them be direftly put on ;, and when the plants come up, give air by raifing the lights, or by taking them off in fine days. But if the wfather ihould now prove very cold, fuch as froft, fnow, or cold rains, and that a conllant fupply of thefe fmall herbs are wanted, or tliat they are wanted in a . hurry, or at any particular time, it will, for the greater certainty of procuring them, be fcill proper, where it can be obtained, to raife them in a ilir^ht hot-bed. Make the bed with frefh horfe-dung, about fifteen inches high, fet on the frame, and cover the bed with earth, four cr five inches thick. Sow the feed on the furface, each fort feparate ; and fift as much earth over as will jult cover it; put on the lights^ and when the plants appear, give plenty of air. About the middle of the month, if open and mild wea- ther, you may begin to fow fmall fallading on warm bor- ders, in the open ground; and, if the weather continuc- mild, it will fucceed tolerably well without any covering. When thefe plants, both under cover and in the open ground, begin to come up, they fometimes raife the earth: in a kind of cake upon their tops, which confcquently re- tards their growth ; they may be greatly alhilcd by brufhing or whiiking the earth lightly with your hand, or with the end of a fmall ilendcr birch broom, which will break, fe- parate, and fcatter the earth ; after which the plants will Ihoot freely, and rife regularly in every part. When thefe young plants in the open ground happen' to be attacked with morning hoar froils, that if, before the fun rifes upon them, you water them out of a water- ing-pot with the rofe or head on, to walh off the frofty rime, it will prevent them from changing black and going off> and they will continue frelh and good for ufe ; but if the fun firll comes and thaws them,, they generally become- black, and of little worth. Care of Caulifconfjer-'Plants .. Cauliflower-plants in; frames, fhould have the free air every mild day, by taking the glalies entirely off. About the end of the month, you may tranfplant fome of the ftrongeil plants into the place where they are to re- main. Feb.] T HE K I T C H E N G A R D E M. 6 J main. Plant them in a rich fpot of ground, allowing them thirty inches, or a yard diilunce each way. Cauliflowers under hand or bell-glalles, fhould alfo be thinned out, wlien there are too many; that is, if there are more than one plant or two under each glafs, let all above that number be tnken away. Oblerve to take up the wcakell:, and let the Itrongeft remain under each glafs, and draw fome earth up round their Hems at the lame time. The plants which are taken up iliould be planted in another fpot of ground, allowing them the fame diilance as aboye. In tranfplanting cauliflowers, it is the cuitom with fuch gardeners as are obliged to make the moll of their ground, to fow, on the fame piece, a crop of fpinach and radillies, which turns out to good account, without in tlie leaf! re- tarding the growth of the cauliflower-plants ; for by the time they begin to advance any thing confiderably, the radiihes and fpinach will be all cleared off for ufe ; but when this is intended, it is moil eligible to fow the feed before the cauliflowers are planted : a week or fortnit. 73 til! the beginning or middle of May, wh^n the fpiniGh will be mo'.tly all gathered. They muil be kept clean from weeds for about a jTionth or fix weeks ; after this the leaves will cover the ground, and prevent the growth of weeds. In the autumn, after planting, that is, about Michael- mas, you may begin to take up fome of the roots for ufe ; but it will be advifible to let the principal part Hand to have anoiher fummer'5 groVv'th, when they will be xery fine and large. Y'/htn you take up thefe roots, it fhould be done rec^ii- larly, not digging up a ftick or root here and there, as we often fee pradifed in private gardens, but beginning at the firil row, and proceeding from row to row, accord- ding as you want them; obf;rving to throw out a trenCli clofe along to the firll row of roots, and as dftQo as tlu root goes, but not to loofen the bottom thereof, v/hich is called the ftool. Having thus cleared the earth away quire to the liool, or bottom of the roots, then with a knife, cut each root off level, clofe to where it proceeds from. All the llools, or bottoms of the rcors mud be left in the ground -uncUfturbed ; for th';fe yield a fupplv^ of fne roots the fucceeding year; and when the roots aredu^uo, the old fiools fiill rem.iining produce another fup^:>!y the year after ; and thus, if permitted to Hand, they continue, as often as the produce is gathered, to furniih a frelli fup- ply the fucceeding feafo-n : and in that manner continue producing a full cro:? of fine roots for r[i3.Y\Y years. But care mull Be taken when digging up 'the roots, al- ways to clear the old ftool from all draggling or fmall roots v/hatever ; and, in the fummer feafoh, to draw up all fmall plants rifmg between the rov/s. Solving 1 urneps. Sow a little early Dutch turnep-feed about the niiddle or latter end of the month, in an open fpot of light ground ; but as thefe early fov/ed plants v/ill foon run to . feed before they attain any tolerable fize,~ Ihould fow only a fmall quanti,ty at this time to come in early in May, See March and April. PlanU7:g Liquorice. Now prepare fome deep ground to plant liquorice where required ; the ground ihould have three fpades depth'of 74 The Fruit Garden. [Feb, good foil, and alfo digged that depth for the root, the only ufeful part, to run confiderably deep in the earrh. Procure fets of the fmall horizontal roots which run near the furface of the ground, cut them into lengths of fix inches, and plant them in rows a yard afunder, by half that diftance in the row, placing them wholly with- in the earth ; as foon as planted, may fow a thin crop of onions on the fame ground the firli year. Keep them clean from weeds all fummer, and when the onions ccme oif, hoe the ground well ; and in winter ilightly dig the ground between the rows. They muft bs permitted to have three years growth, cutting down the decayed ilemo every winter ; and in the third or fourth year, the main roots will be of full length and fize ; then dig them up in winter, beginning at one end of the ground, and opening a trench three feet deep to get quite to the bottom of the firft row of roots ; fo continue trenching the ground row and row, the above depth, taking out all the roots as you go on, digging them clean up to the bottom. The Fruit Garden. Pruning* PRUNING of peaches, nedarlnes, and apricots, Ihould be forwarded as much as poffible this month, before the bloflbm buds are far advanced. When the buds of thcfe trees are much fwelled before they are pruned and nailed, many of them will be unavoidably rubbed off in performing that work. Examine thefs trees well, and cut away all fnch parts as are ufelcfs; and leave a proper fupply of the laft fummer's yoang wood for the next year's bearing; that is, in re- fpecl tc ufelefs wood, all fuch branches as have advanced a confiderable length, and produce no young ihoots, pro- per for bearing next year, nor fupport branches that do, are ufelefs, and fiiould now be cut out, to make room for be'ter ; obferving that a proper fupply of the bell of the lafb year's fhoots, muii be left at due and equal diltances, in Feb.] The Fruit Garden. 75 in every part where poflible; fer thefe bear the fruit to be expeded next fummer, leaving them five or fix inches afunder ; at the fame time cut away all the iil-placed and fuperfluous flioots, and very luxuria-at growths ; and as you go on, let the fupply of referved ihoots be fhorten- ed, each according to its ftrength. Shoots of a vigorous growth fhould be fhortened buc little ; that is, you mar cut off about one fourth of its original length : thole of a moderate growth fhould be fhortened more in propor- t"on, by cutting off about one third : for inilance, a; fhoot of eighteen inches may be fhortened to twelve, or thereabouts ; and obferve the fame proportion, accord- ing to the different lengths of the ihoots. But for the more particular method of pruning thefe trees, fee the work of the Fruit Garden in January. Nail the fiioots or branches ftraight, and clofe to the wall, at the dirtance of five or fix inches from each other. And for the method of pruning and ordering young trees of thefe forts (that is, fuch as are one, two, and three years old, from the budding) fee the work of the Frjiit Garden both in January and March, Prune Apples, Pears, in Efpaliers and Walls^ Prune apples, pears, plums, and cherries, againll: walls or in efpaliers ; and, if poflible, let the wlioie of thena be finiihed this month. In pruning thefe trees, obferve, as direded Lift month, that as the fame b.-anches or bearers remain many years in a proper fruitful ftate, continue them trained dole and ftraight to the wall, or efpalier, not Ihortening their end?, but ftill continue training each at full length, as far as the limited fpace admits, and laying them in about fix inches afunder. In the next place, obferve, that if the branches he any where much cronded, (that is, if the bearing or princi- pal branches lie clofer than four, five, or fix inches from one another) fome fhould be taken out; obferving in this cafe, to take off fuch as are worft fituated, and par- ticularly fuch as appear to be moft unlikely to bear, by being either worn out, or, at leaft, not well furnilhed with fruit-fpurs or ftuds, as mentioned laft month, or not fup- porting branches furnilhed with fuch fpurs. Likewife ob- ferve, that when neccffary to make room in any parti- E 2, cula^ 76 TheFruit Gar DEM. [Feb- culsr part of the tree, to train more regularly any eli- gible branches, which are evidently well adapted for bearing, room muft be made for them, by cutting out i'uch barren branches as above defcribed. And if the branches in general' have been laid in too clofe, let fome of the woril, as above direfled, be here and there taken out. When any old or large branches are to be taken out, let them be cut off clcfe to the place from whence they arife, or to any convenient branch which- they flipport, and which you fiiall think convenient to leave ; for in cutting olf either old or young branches, never leave any flump. After taking out any large branches, let fuch of thofe which remain near that part, be unnailed. Sec. in order to be brought higher or lower, as you (hall fee neceK.iry, to train them all at equal diftances ; or when there are fevcral large branches 10 be t'>ken out in different parts, the whole tree ihould be unnailed; then you can readily train the whole in exaft order. Next, let it be obferved, that where a fupply of wood is v/antiifg, leave fome of tlie beft fitua.ed of the lafl fummer's Ihoots, fuch as direfted to be left in the fiim- mcr pruning, to fill up the vacancies ; and generally a leading one at the end of each branch, where room to train them. Where the lall year's ihoots are not wanted for the above purpofe, let every one that is more than two or three inches long, be cut off clofe to the place from whence they proceed, leaving no fpu.rs but v/hat are naturally produced. The proper fruit i'purs are fuch as were defcribed lall month, being produced on the fides of the branches, and are from about half an inch to an inch or two in length. Let thefe fruit-fpurs be well attended to in pruning, carefully preferving all thofe of a freih, plump, robuil growth; but thofe of a worn-out cr ragg'-'d unlightly appearance, or that project confidcrabiy lon,^ and irre- guhir from the front of the branches in a fore-right di- redion, fhould generally be difplaced, in order to pre- ferve the regul-^rity of the trees, cutting them off" clofe, and new ones will be encouraged in places contiguous. Having, in the courfe of pruning thefe trees, left mod of the general Ihoots and branches iit their natural length, as before advifed, in all places where there is full fcope, to Feb.] The Fruit Garden. 77 to extend them, let them be all trained in legalarly in that order, and nailed Ihraight and clofe to the wall;, or tied to the eipalier, five or fix inches diilance. For the management of young trees of thefe forts, fee the vvojk of the Fruit Gurdcn in January and March. Prune Standard Fruit-trees, Standard fruit-trees, in the orchard or garden, may be pruned anytime this month where neceflary ; obfervingonly to cut from thefe trees all dead wood, and d-^cayed cafual or worn-out branches as do not promife to bear well, and that crowd the others, and all fuch as aflame a rambling, crofs-placed, very irregular growth. Where the branches in general are crowded, let fome be cut away in a regu- lar manner, fo that the principal branches may Hand clear of each other. if any old trees are greatly infeiled with mofs, which fometimes over-run tlie branches, let it now be cleared cir", for it much impoverilhes the trees and fruit. Prune Vines, Vines may be pruned now, but the fooner that work is done the better. In pruning vines, obferve to cut out part of the old naked branches, to make room for the bearing wood. The lafc year's flioots are properly the bearing wood ; that is, they produce llioots the enfuing fummer, and thefe 0i'jots bear fruit the fame feafon : care muft therefore be tahen to leave a proper fupply of the llrongeft of the lall year's fhoois in every part of the tree; and take care al- ways to have a fucceliion of young wood coming up re- gularly, from and towards the bottom of the wall. Leave the branches or Ihoots in general at equal dif- tances, atl-all eight or nine inches from each other. Every Ihoot muil be Ihortened according to its ftrength; fome to three, four, or five eyes or joints long; and let the cut be made floping, about an inch above and behind an eye or bud. Let every branch or fnoot be trained ftraight and clofe to the wall, &c. at equal diftances from each other ; none clofer than the diftances above-mentioned. But for the particular method of the winter ordering thefe trees, fee the work of No^vember, January^ Sec, E 3 Plant 7S The Fruit Garden. [Feb. Plant cuttings of vines to raife a fupply of new plants where required. See next month. Prune and plant Goofeberry and Currant-trees. Goofeberries and currants fhould be pruned now, if that work was omitted in the former month. In pruning thefe fhrubs, obferve to cut away all ill-growing branches ; that is, fuch as grow acrofs, or advance in a ftraggling manner from the reft. Where the branches in general ftand fo clofe as to in- terfere with each other, let them be thinned out to pro- per and equal diftances, f) that every branch may ftand clear of the other. Leave the branches in general kven or eight inches from each other at leaft. See the Fruit Garden of laft month and Ociobery for more particulars in pruning thefe forts. Let thefe fhrubs be always trained with one ftem, at leaft a foot from the ground, as dire(5led in the former month. Goofeberry and currant-trees may be plante4 any tim« in this month, where required. Seven or eight feet a- funder is the proper diftance, and they Ihould never be planted clofer. For the method of propagating thefe by cuttings and fuckers, fee the work of the Nurfery in this, or fome other of the winter and fpring months. Re/pberries. Rafpberries, where they remain unpruned, ftiould, if poflible, be pruned this month. In pruning rafpber- ries, obferve to clear away all the old or dead wood which bore the fruit Jaft year, and to leave three, four, or five of the ftrongeft of the laft year's Ihoots, ftanding on each root, to bear fruit the next fummer : all above that number, on every root, muft be cut away clcfe to the furface of the ground, and all ftraggling fhoots mull alfo be taken away. Each of the fhoots which are left Ihould be ftiortened, obferving to cut ofr about one third or one fourth of their original iengtii. The flioots of each root, if confiderably long, may be afterwards plaited together, for by that method they fup- port one another, fo as not to be borne down in fummer, by the weiirht of heavy raius, or violent winds. ^ "^ When Feb.] The Fruit Garden. 79 When you have finillied pruning, dig the ground be- tween the phmts ; obferving, as you dig, to clear away- all ftraggling roots, and leaving none but fuch as belong to the llioots which are left to bear. See the Fruit Gar- den of lall month. New plantations of rafpbcrries may be made this month, where wanted ; let them be planted'in rows, four feet afunder, and let the plants be three feet diltant from each other in the rows. Seelail month, &c. Stra-ijuberries. The plantations of ftrawberries fhould now be cleaned, and have their fpring drefiing. Firll pull or cut oiF any remaining firings or runners from the plants, and clear ihe beds from weeds and litter of every lort ; then loofeii the ground between, and about the plants, and at the fame time add a little frelTi earth between the rows, and dole round every plant- this will firengthen them, and make the plants fiower ilrong, and produce large fruit. Strawberries may be planted now about the middle or latter end of the month, if the plants are a little ad- vanced in growth ; but the beft time is in Augufl, or the beginning of September; then they will bear fruit the fum- mer after : not but thofe planted now will take root freely, but will not bear any fruit to fignify till the next year: obferving the pioper fets for planting are the young off-fets or runner plants of lafl: fummer, which mull now be pro- cured from beds of old plants that are in full perfeftion for bearing, taking them up with good roots, not from worn-out very old itools. Prepare for thefe plants a piece of good ground, if loamy the better, and let feme good rotten dung be dug in. Divide the ground into beds, four feet wide, with alleys at leail eighteen inches wide between them. Plant the Ih-awberries of the fcarlet kinds in rows, one foot three inches afunder, and allow the fame dillance betweea plant and plant in the rows. But the large kind of ftrawberries, fuch as the haut- boy. Chili, &c. fhould be planted eighteen inches dif- tant every way. The Alpine, or proliiic ftrawberry, fliould likewife be planted fifteen or eighteen inches diftant tWQiy way, that E 4 there ^ The Fruit G ardent. [Feb. there may be room for their runners to fpread and take root, this kind of llrawberry being different in its man- ner of her^ring from the others ; for the runners which they fend forth in fummer, take root at every joint, and each of the joints produce blofToms and ripe fruit the f^me feafon ; and thefe runners often yield the largeft and fairell fruit, which are generally in their utmoft perfetf^ion in Auguil and September. But this frrawberry com.monly begins to bear in June, with the other forts, and continues bearing from that time till November, and fom.etimes till Chriflmas, pro- vided the weather continues open till that time. Strawberry plants for forcing may now be placed in hot-beds, &c. the beginning, niidale, or any time in this month, with good fuccefs : having two years old bear- ing plants in pots, as directed lafl month, place them in the hot- bed, and managed as explained in tlie fame work in January. Be careful that all flrawberries in hot-beds have the glalfcs raifed a little every day, when the weather is any ihirg f^ivourable, to admit air to them; and let the plants have moderate waterings. If the heat of the hot-beds fall oif much, you Ihould renew it, by applying a lining of hot dung to one or both fides cf the bed, as you fee it neceffary. Cover the glalles every night with mats, or other covering. Now is alfo a very fuccefsful time to place pots of ftrawberry plants in the hot-houfe, or in any forcing houfes, &c. and they will bear early in good perfcdlion. See the hot-houfe, and forcing early fruit, page 82. Planting Fruit-Trees. Fruit-trees of all forts may be planted any time this month, when the weather is open. Let every kind be planted at proper diftances, fo that they may have room to grow without interfe.ing with each other, in the fpace of a few years, which is often the cafe in many gardens. Peaches and nedannes fI:iould never be planted nearer than fifteen feet afunder againft walls, nor need they be planted more than eighteen or twenty feet diltance. Apples and pears for walls and e'fpaliers fhould not be planted Icfb than eighteen or twenty feet afunder, but twenty- Feb.] The Fruit Garden. 8i twenty-five feet is a more eligible diflance ; though it ap- pears coRflderable at firft, yet if grafted, &c. upon free ftocks, they will readily fill that fpace, and bear confide- rabjy better than if more confined, fo as to require to be often fhortened to continue them within bounds ; however, generally allow them not lefs than twenty feet diiUnce. Piums and cherries defigned for walls and efpaliers, fhould be planted from fifteen to eighteen or twenty Icet diilance. The above diflances appear a great way, when the trees are firft planted; but in feven years time, the ad- vantage in allowing them proper room, will appear; and it fhould be obferved to allow trees planted againft low walls a greater diftance than for higher walls, in order that, in default of height, there may be proper fcope to extend them horizontally. For the particular foil and fituation proper for the dif- ferent kinds, fee the work of the Fruit Garden in No- nj ember. Standard fruit-trees fliould be allowed full thirty feet diftance, and let none be planted clofer than that in a garden. If an orchard is to be planted, let the trees be thirty or forty feet diftant from each other, at leaft, every- way. The rule which we advife, is to plant ftandard apples and pears not lefs than thirty or thirty-five feet diftance (^very way; and ftandard cherries and piums twenty-five feet Aipart ; and almonds, quinces and medlars twenty feet ; obferving, thefe are the leaft diftances which fnouid be al- lowed : but where th?re is good fcope of ground to allow them five, ten, or twenty feet more room, it will, in the end, prove of greater advantage when the trees arrive at full growth. .Walnuts and chefnuts fhould be planted thirty-five or. forty feet apart. Filberts to be let fifteen or twenty feet afunder. Mulberry-trees twenty-five or thirty feet diftance. • In planting fruit-trees of any kind, let care be taken that they are not planted too deep, for that is a more ma- terial article than many gardeners imagine. Open for each tree a hole wide enough to receive the roots freely, without preihng againft the fides. Then, having the trees ready, being digged up with a good fpread of roots, E 5 let 82 The Fruit Garden. [Feb* let the ends of the ftraggling roots be pruned, and cut off luch roots as are broken or bruiled ; then fet the tree in the hole, and fee that all the roots fpread freely as they Ihould do; and in depth, fo as the upper roots be only about four, five, or fix inches below the general furface. Break the earth well, and thro^v it in equally about the roots, and Ihake the tree gently, that the earth may fall in clofe between the roots and fibres ; when the earth is all in, tread the furface gently, to fix the tree properly. Support tall neuo-planted Trees. Support tall new-planted flandard fruit-trees with ftakes, as foon as they are planted, that they may not be rocked about by the wind, which would greatly retard their taking root. Dwarf-trees mufl alfo be fccured from the power of the wind ; and thofe againft walls fhould alfo be failened thereto ; and, if efpaliers, faften them to the rails. DreJ/tng Fruit tree Borders. • Let all the fruit-tree borders be neatly digged, when you have finiflied pruning and nailing. If they have been digged before, let the furface be loofened where it has been trampled in doing the neceffary work about the tree?. This will be of fervice to the trees, and the borders will appear clean and neat, and they will be ready to fow or plant with what you think neceflary. Graftifig. Grafting may be begun about the latter end of the- month, if mild weather. Plums, pears, and cherries,, may then be grafted : and you may alfo graft apples. For the method of grafting, fee the work of the Nurjery for this month. Forcing early Fruit in Forcing-houfes. The beginning of this month may begin to force fruit- trees in hot-walls, peach-houfes, cherry-houfes, &c. by aid of fire or other artificial heat; the proper forts are peaches, neftarines, apricots, cherries, figs, vines, plums, &c. having young trees for this purpofe that are arrived to a bearing Hate, and planted in November in the Feb.] The Fruit Garden. 83 the borders, &c. of the forcing departments, or may have fome alfo in pots to remove therein at forcing time occafionally. The trees may be bath as wall -trees and fome cherries in fmall llandaids, and managed, in re- gard to pruning, as thofe in the open ground. Let moderate fires be made every evening, or if there is a pit within the forcing-houfe in which to have a bark or dung hot-bed, may make the bed a week or fortnight before you begin the fires; and if a bark-bed is intended, fill the bark-pit with new tanners bark; or if a dung- bed, make it with frelh hot horfe-dung : and when it has fettled down ten or twelve inches, lay that depth of tan- ners bark at top. I'hefe beds v/ill fupport a conilant m.)de- rate warmth, and ferve in which to phice pots of dwarf cherries, and pots of fcarlet and Alp ne Jtraw berries, which will have fruit very early, and in great perfedion and plenty. Continue making moderate fires every evening foon after fan-fet, and fupport them till bed time, fo as to v/arm the air of the houfe till morning; feldom m. ik- ing any fire a days, unlefs in very iharp cloudy weather, or occafionally in foggy damp morn'ngs for an iiour or two ; efpeciaily if tiis upper Hoping glaffes, and the uprights in front a little way open, lhuttin;g all cloie timeouily towards afternoon, or as foon as the weather changes cold ; giving air more fully as the warm feafoa increafes. Give alfo occafional waterings both to the borders, and over the branches of the trees before they blolTom ; but when in flower, and until the fruit is all fairly well fet, defift from watering over the branches, lei\ it deilroy the fecundating male po/en. of the- anthera dellined for the impregnation of the fruit. Afterwards let them have water freely twice a week in fine weather, always with fcft water, if pofTibie. The fires may be continued every night till April or May, being careful never to make them ibonger than to raife the internal heat much above 60? in the thermome- ter in peach and cherry-houfes, and 70*^ in vine-houfes. According as the fruit advances to full growth, con- tinue aiiiiling it by proper waterings ; and give free air E 6 every 84 The Pleasure, or [Feb. evQvy warm funny day ; and when advancing towards ripening, encourage a ftrong heat by the fun in the mid- dle of the day, by admitting lefs or more air in propor- tion to forward its maturity, and promote a rich flavour. When the fruit is all gathered, remove all the glaiTes, to admit the full air to the trees till next forcing feafon. In the above forcing departments may alfo place pots of currants^ goofeberi ies, rafpberries, and flrawberries. . The Pleasure, cr Flower Garden. Tender Jnnual Floivers. ABOUT the middle, or towards the latter end of this month, it will be time to begin to prepare for fov/- i^ig fome of the more curious kinds of annuals. The choiceft kinds are, the double balfams, cockf- combs, and tricolors, the globe aramanthus, marvel of Peru, diamond ficoides, or ice-plant, egg-plant, flramo- nium, browallia, Szc. (See next month.) All thefe re- quire the alMance of a hot-bed to bring them forward, in order that they may blow early, and in fome tolerable perfeftion. I'herefore, about the middle of this month, provide fome new horfe-dung, and let it be thrown up in a heap ; and in eight or ten days, it will be in good condition to make the bed. Let the bed be made about two feet and a half thick of dung, making the top level, and then fet on the frame and glafs. When the burning heat of the bed is over, lay on the earth, obferving, that for this tife, it muft be rich, light, and perfedly dry, and rauil be broken pretty fmall, by rubbing it between the hands ; the depth of earth on the bed muil be about five or fix inches, making the furface level and fmooth. The fe3d muit either be fown on the furface, obferving to fow each fort feparate, and cover them about a quarter of an inch deep, with light earth, that hath been fifted ; or you may draw L-me (hallow drills with your finger, from the back to the front of the bed, and fow the feeds therein, and cover them as above, or may fow them in pots. When the plants appear, admit frefh air to them every day, when the weathei is any thing mild ; and let them have. Feb.] F i: o w E R G A R D E N. 85 have, now and then, little fprinklings of water. Mind to cover the glafies every night with mats. ^ But in raifmg the above annuals, if it is required to be faving of hot dung and trouble ; and that if there are cucumber or melon hot-beds at work, may fow them in pots, and place them in thofe beds to raife the plants, which may be afterwards tranfplanted into a nurfery hot- bed, to forward them to a proper fize. See April and May. For the further management of thefe plants, and Tow- ing a general fupply of the fame forts, together with fe- veral other tender annuals, fee the work of iht Plea/ure 'Garden in March, Soiv Ten-nvcek Stocks, The ten-week flock is a pretty annual: none make a more agreeable appearance in the borders or clumps, and it continues a long time in bloom. It is now time, to- wards the latter end of this month, to fow a little of the feed, to raife a few plants to blow early in the fummer. This feed may either !>:; fown in a flight hot-bed, or in a warm border, or bed of natural earth, for the plants are tolerably hardy ; but by fowing the feed at this time in a moderate hot-bed, it will bring the plants on much forwarder, and the blow will be ftronger and earlier, by three weeks or a month, than thofe fown at the fame time in the natural ground. But where a hot-bed cannot be readily procured, then, in the lafl v/eek of this month, let a fmall fpot of a warm border be neatly dug, and there mark out a bed about three feet broad ; fow the feed tolerably thick on the furface, and rake it in neatly ; then arch the bed over with hoops, and cover them with mats every night, and in bad Weather. But if the above bed of natural earth" could be covered with a frame and-glafs, or with hand- glalTes, it would be a great advantage to the plants. Or the feed may be fowed in one or more large pots, in or- der for moving under occafional ihelter of a frame, &;c. in cold nights, or into a hot-bed. When the plants have been up about a month or fix weeks, they fhould be- tranfplanted where they are to re- main. But if your plants Hand thick in the feed-bed, fome of them, when they have been up about three weeks, may 86 The Pleasure, or [Feb. may be pricked out, either in a flight hot-bed, which will forward them confiderably, or upon a warm border, three inches afunder ; and when they have ftood a month, they Ihoald be planted where tiiey are to remain. Hardy Annual Floiver-feeds, About the end of this month, if the weather be mild and dry, you may fow many forts of hardy annual flower ■ feeds in the borders, and other parts of the pleafure-gar- den. The forts proper to fow at this time are lark-fpur and fios-ldcnis, convolvulus, lupines, fvveet-fcented and Tan- gier-peas, candy-tuft, dwarf-lychnis, Venus -looking- glafs, Lobel's-catch-fly, Venus-navel-wort, dwarf-pop- py, nigcllri, annual fun-flower, oriental mallow, lavatera, and hawk-weed, with many other forts. See the Cata- logue of Annuals at the end of the book. All the above feeds iruft he fown in the places where- you intend the plants ihall fiower ; they mull not be-. tranfplanteJ, for thefe forts wil? not fucceed well by that prafcice. The following is the bell method of treating them ^ Dig with a trowel lome fmall patches,. at due diitances, each patch being fix or eight inches over, breaking t!ie earth well, and making the furface even; di-aw a iitfle- earth off the top to one fide, then fov/ the feed thin, and cover it with the earth that was drawn off, obferving ta cover the fmall feed about a quarter, or near half an inch deep, according to their fize ; but the fweet peas, and. fuch like large feed, muft be covered an inch deep. Vv'hen the plants have been come up fome time, the larger-growing kinds fhould, where they lland too thick, be regularly thinned ; obferving to allow every kind, ac- cording to its growth, proper room to grow. For in fiance, the fun-flower to be left one in a place ; the oriental mallow, and lavatera, not more than three; the lupines, four or five in a patch; the convol- vulus the fame number; the reft may be left thicker.. Blo'zving An7iuals early in a Hct-houfe. Many forts of annuals may be flowered early in a hot- houfe wdth little trouble, fowing the feeds in pots, and pliice them in the bark-bed, ^ruhs, FJnifh pruning fiowering-lhrubs, and evergreens, 'wheie they v/ant it. . Jn doing this work, obferve to cut out all dead wood; and where any of the branches are too long, or grow flraggling, let them be fliortened, or cut oit clofe, as you fhall fee it neceiTary ; and likewife, where the branches of difl'erent flirubs interfere or run into each other, let them be cut fhorter, fo that every fhrub may Hand fmgly and clear one of another; then all the diiferent fhruhs will fnew themfelves dilHndly and to the bell advantage. When the flirubs are pruned, let the cuttings be cleared away, and then let the ground be neatly dug between and about all the plants, cbferving to take off all fuckers arifmg from the roots : nothing looks better in a garden, than to fee the ground neat and frefli between flowering- (hrubs and evergreens. Planting Floivering-Jhrubs. Moil forts of flowering-flirubs may now be fafely re- moved any time in this month when it is open weather. But particularly the gelder rofe, fyringas, laburnums, lilacs, honey-fuckles, rofes, fpirss, aiths frutex, hyperi- cum frutex, Perfian lilac, double-bloflbm cherry, double- bramble, cornelian cherry, and double hawthorn ; you may likewife plant bladder-fena, fcorpion-fena, privet, Spanifli broom, jafmines, fumach, cytifufes, and acacias; and many other forts of hardy plants, m^vy now be fafely tranfplanted. 90 ThePleasure, ^r [Feb. tranfplanted, for moil forts will take root very freely and foon at this feafon. planting E-vergreens. About the middle or any time in this month, if mild weather, you may tranfplant phillyreas, yews, evergreen- oaks, junipers, hollies, firs, cyprefs, cedars, laurultinus, p'^Tacantha, and arbutus, with moil other kinds of ever- green ihrubs and trees. Directions for planting the -various forts of Shrubs. In planting and decorating the clumps and quarters in the ihrubbery, care fhould be taken to difpoie the moil curious forts of flowering-Hirubs and plants, in fuch a manner, as that they may be eaiily feen from the walks or lawns near where they are planted. They ihouid not be planted fo clofe together as is commonly pradifed, nor fnould they be fufFered, as they grow up, to interfere with each other ; for that would deprive you of the plea- fure of feeing the moil valuable ihrubs to advantage. When the more curious kinds of Ihrubs are to be con- veyed to any great diilance, great care fhould be taken tc pack them well; they fhould be tied in bundles, and their roots well packed round with flraw, and every bun- dle packed up in mats. Care of Grafs Walks and La-ivns. Grafs walks and lawns ihouid be kept extremely clean. Now the feafon for mowing begins to approach, pole and roll them once or twice every week ; a wooden roller is beil to roll with immediately after poleing, to take up the worm-calls; and when the grafs is clean and free from worm-cails, it ihouid be rolled occafionally with a heavy iron or flone roller, to make the bottom firm and fmooth. The edges of the grsJs-walks^ or lawns, ikould be all neatly cut even with an edging-iron about the end of this month, which will be a vaU addition to the n.eatnefs of them. Laying Turf Grafs-turf may be laid any time this month, where want- ed, either to make new, or mend old work, for it will grew freely with little trouble; obferving to beat it well, and roll Feb.] Flower Garden. 91 roll it with a heavy roller now and then, to make it firm and even. See lafl and next month. Gravel Walks, Keep the gravel walks perfedly free from weeds, mofs, and litter of any fort ; and let them be well rolled once or twice every week in dry weather. Planting Hedges. Plant hedges where wanted, both deciduous and ever- green kinds ; fuch as hawthorn, white-thorn, hornbeam, beech, elder, elm, holly, yew, box, &c. See December for the method of planting. Likewife is a proper time to plafh old hedges, that are run up naked, or open below. See alfo December. Plant Box, i^c. for Edgings to Beds and Borders, Box, where wanted for edgings to bord'?rs, &c. may be planted any time in this month ; it will take root in a ihort time, and there will be no fear of its fuccefs : likewife, where there are gaps in any former planted edgings, let the deficiencies now be made good ; for nothing looks worfe in a garden, than ragged box-edgings by the fides of the walks. For the method of planting box, fee the Flower Garden for Oaober. Thrift makes a very compaft and beautiful edging, if planted properly, and well kept. This may be planted any time this month ; fetting the plants near enough to touch, as at once to form a clofe row like box, or not above three inches afunder; and, if you give it two or three good waterings in dry weather, it will grow away freely. Double dailies and pinks make alfo tolerable good edg- . ing^, and may be employed both ia default of the two for- mer, and to effect variety in particular compartments, and will m.ake a good appearance in May and June, when in flower. Let them be planted in feparate edgings, fetting the plants three inches dillance in the row. Thyme, hyflbp, winter-favory, and lavender, are fome- times planted for edgings to borders ; but thefe do not continue long in good order. But, after all, there is nothing makes fo neat, efTedual, and durable edgings, as box. All 9^ T H E N u R s F R y-. [Feb*. All edgings fhould be kept ve'7 neat and regular, by trimming them at fides and top every ipring and iummer. See the fucceeding months. Forcing early Fh-ivers, i^c. Where early fiowers are required^ may, the beginning of this month, place varioas Ibris in pots, in hot-houfes, forcing-houfes, &c. now at work : and in hot-beds ; fuch as pots of pinks, carnations, r^veet-williams, anemones, ranuncuiufes, narcilTus, early tulips, hyacinth"^, jonquils^ and any otherornamental and \\ytcx. imelling fpring flowers, both of the fib ous, bulbous, and tuberous rooted kinds, and- they will blow early, and in good perfeiTtion. Likewife may have pots of rofes, and other defirablc flowering plants placed now in the hot-houfe, or any forcing cepaitment. About London the garden'?rs ofren force various i^ower plants for market, in boarded fjroing frame;, with the affiftance of hot dung applied to the back part thereof; thefe frames being conllrufled of ftrong inch and half boards, made five or fix feet high behind, the' ends in pro- portion, and fronted with glafs laihes Hoping to the top of the back; maybe four, five, or fix feet wide, thclength at pieafure; and in which placing pots of plants and fhrubs, hot dung is piled againft the back and ends half a yard wide at bot- tom, and gradually narrowed to a foot width at top. The dung will throw in a fine heat, and the plants v/ill flower agreeably at an early time ; keeping up the heat, when decreafed by the application of freih hot dung. The Nursery. FINISH digging the ground betv/een the rows of all kinds of young trees and ihrubs. This work fliould now be completed as foon as poflible, for it will not only render the ground neat and agreeable to be feen, but will be alfo of very great advantage to the growth of the young trees and flirubs of every kind. Feb.] T H E N U R S E R Y. ^2 Propagatrrig by CiittlngSy l^c. Plant cuttings of gocfsberries and currants; by which method you may propagate the fineft forts in their kinds, and may alfo propagate them by fuckers.. I'he cuttings, for this parpofe, muft be of the laft year's fl-ioots, obferving to tak^ fuch as are ftrong, and let them be from about ten or twelve, to fifteen cr eighteen inches in length ; plant them in rows, not lefs than twelve inches afunder, and put each cutting about one third or halfway into the ground : they will foon take root, and will (hoot out at top, and form tolerable branchy heads by the end of fummer, and in a year or two after uill produce fruit. By fuckers alfo may now raife thefe trees in abundance. They commonly throw out many Q. ther is any thing cold. In hard froil the fire muft be kept up moderately, night and day. In veryfevere froxT, it will be of much advantage if the glafi'es of the hot-houfe are covered every night wlfti mats or canvas. Of CucumBers in the Hot-houfe^ Where it is defiredto raife early cucumbers in the hot- boufe, fome feed may now be fuwn as directed lafl rnonth, or young plants planted therein, from any common hot- bed. See the Hot-houfe iox January. Early Slravjberries. Likewife you may now introduce into the hot-houfe mora pots of the fcarlet and Alpine flrawberries to fucceed thofe of laft month ; let them be one or two year's old bearing plants, efpecially the fcarlet kinds ; place tluem near the glafl'es, or plunge them in the bark-bed to forv/ard then* earlier, giving proper fupplies of water. If fome frefti plants are taken into the hot-houfe every three weeks, 'yoit may obtain a conilant fupply of early fruit till thofe in the open ground ripen. And if feme pots of plants were kept in one or two- moderate dung hot-beds to forward them., fome may be. removed in fucceiTive order into the hot-houfe, and others; remain in the frames, they will continue a fupply of early- fruit in regular fucceffion. MARCH. 112 The Kitchen Garden. [Mar. MARCH. Work to be done in the Kitchen Garden^ Care of early Cucumbers and Mekns, EXAMINE the ftate of the cucumber and melon hot- beds, and fee if they are of a proper degree of heat^ lo as to preferve the plants in a flate of free growth. You muft let the heat be lively, but moderate, by which means they will fnew fruit plentifully, and thefe will fwell freely, and grow to an handfome iize. This mufl be done by applying a lining of new horfe- dung to the back or front fide of the bed, as you fhall fee occafion ; but if the heat is not very much declined, it will be proper to line only one fide at a time, but line the oppofite fide ten or twelve days after. Make the linings about eighteen inches wide, and as high as five or fix inches up the fides of the frame j lay two inches of earth over the top, to keep th^ileam down, for the rea- fon mentioned laft month. Let the plants have frefh air every day, by raifing the upper end of the glafi'es from about half an inch, to one, two, or three in height, in proportion to the heat in the bed, and warmnefs of the weather. Refrefti them now and then with water ; let this be given very moderately, and in a mild funny day; the bell time for doing this is from ten to tv/a o'clock. Cover the glafi'es with mats every night, and let them be uncovered in the morning about an hour, or there- about, after fun-rife ; or, if a funny morning,, as foon as the fun fhines fully on the frames. As the early plants, raifed lall month, will have now advanced confiderably into fruitful runners, and ihew fruit abundantly, let the runners or vine be trained out regularly along the furface of the bed at equal diftances, and peg them down neatly with fmall hooked flicks ; and according as the young fruit come into blofibm, do not. ^il, at this early feafon, to fet or impregnate the female cr fruit blofibms with the male flowers, agreeable to ths rules and method advifed iu the work, of J^ril, Sofua Mar.] The Kitchen Garden. iij Soio Cucumber and Melon Scjd, Sow in the above, or any new- made hot-beds, the feeds of cucumbers and melons at the beginning, and alfo about the middle, and towards the latter end of this month, to have a fupply of young plants in readinefs either to plant into new beds, or to fupply the place of fuch plants aa may fail. The forts of cucumbers are. The early Ihort prickly. The long green prickly. The white prickly, The long green Turky, The long white Turky, and The Smyrna. But the two firil forts are commonly cultivated for the general crop, the Ihort prickly being the earliell:, and is ■therefore often fov/n for the firll crop, in the frames; but the long green prickly is the bcil to fow for a main crop, either for the frames or hand-glafTea, or in the natural ground. The white prickly, and the Turky and Smyrna kinds, are not eligible for any general crop, becaufe they are very indifferent bearers, fo iliould fow only a few by way of variety : the Turky kinds often grow fifteen or fixteen inches long, or more. Making nen.v Hot-beds to tranfplant CucmnberSy ^c. Make hot-beds the beginning of this month, to plant the cucumber or melon-plants upon, which were fown the end of January, or beginning of February. Let the dung for this purpofe be well prepared, in the manner diredled in the former month, before you work it up into a bed ; this fhould never be omitted, for a great deal depends upon it ; make the bed three feet high, or thereabouts, beating the dung well down with the fork, as you lay it on the bed : but do not tread it, for a bed which is trodden hard is rendered fo compa and fo that the crown of the plants may alfo Harid upright, and between two or three inches below the furface of the ground j and let them be all placed an equal depth, fpreading their roots fomewhat regular, againll the back of the trench, and. at the fams time drawing a little earth- 5 ' up Mar.] T'H'£ K-itchen Garden. 125 up agiiinft them with the hand as you place thein> jult to fix the plants in their due pofition, till the row is planted; then when one drill is thus planted, im- mediately, with a rake, draw the earth into the drill over the plants', and then proceed to open another drill, and plant it, and cover in tne plants as above, and fo on till the whole is planted. When they are all planted, let the furface of the beds be raked- fmooth, and clear them from ilones. At each corner of ever;/ bed, let a firm flake be driven into the ground, to ferve as a mark for the alleys. It is the cuftom v/ith fuch people as are obliged to make the mofl: of every fpot of ground, to fow a thin crop of onions the firll year, on the ncvV alparagus-beds ; and this {houid be performed before the beds are raked, fovving; the feeds, and rake them in ; and thus a crop of onions may aifo be obt^fined v/ith out hurting the afparagus, pro- vided the onions are not fufFered to grow juil about the plants. The afparagus being planted, the next care is, when the plants come up, which will be about the end of next month, to keep them clean from weeds, which m.uft be well attended to, during the fummer feafon. For the fur- ther management, fee the work of Summer^ and OJicber 2iX\A November y and the article Of drejjtng and forking the Beds in this month, page 123. Let it next be obferved, that it will be three years from the time of planting before the afparagus plants produce buds large enough to cut for ufe ; though fometimes a few of the largeft buds may be cut the fecond fpring after planting; but 1 fhould advife to let it be the third or fourth year before you make a general cutting, A plantation of afparagus, if the beds are properly dreffed every year, as direded in the fpring and autumn months, will continue to produ.ce good buds ten or twelve years. In making n(!v/ plantations of afparagus, it is the cuf- tom of fome gardeners, inilead of putting in. young plant^,^ as above direfted, to fow the feed at once in the beds, where ^.^'[iz plants are to remain ; and it is not a bad waj ; for by that practice the plants are not difturbed by a re- moval, and, Qonfcquently cannot fail of producing a re- k^ular crop. ' ' • G 3 But 126 The Kitchen Garden. [Mar. But it muft be obfefved, that if two pieces of ground are to be laid down the fame year in afparagus, and iup- pofe one piece to be planted with young plants, the other fown with feed, that piece which was planted will be ready to cut a year before that fown with feed. However, to fuch as choofe to raife a plantation of afparagus at once from the feed, as above, the method is this : The beds to be four feet and a half wide, and prepared -2s before direfted for the plants ; then mark out four lines lengthways the beds ; then along thefe lines, at the dif- tance of every nine or ten inches, dot .in a few feeds, covering them half an inch deep. When the plants have been come up feme time, they mull be thinned, leaving only one of the ftrongelt in each place ; and carefully clear them from weeds. A plantation of afparagus thus raifed, will produce buds iit to cut the fourth fpring after fowing, but will be very large and fine the fifth year. As the method of cutting afparagus may not be fami- liar to every one, I will here explain it. You fhould be provided with a knife, whofe blade is about eight or nine inches long, and about an inch and a half broad at the ■ haft, narrowing to about half an inch at the point, which fhould be rounded off from the back, and made fomewhat blunt, and the edge fhould be made full of fmall teeth like a faw : then obferving, when the buds arc from about two to three or four inches high, they fhould be then cut, obi'erving to flip the knife down clofe to the bud, and cut it off about three or four inches within the ground, taking great care not to v/ound or break off any young buds com- ing up near it from the fame root, for there are always fevcral buds in different flages of growth, advancing at the fame time from the fame root. Solving Jfparagui Seed. This is now the feafon to fow afparagus feed, to raife plants to make new plantations as above, or to raife plants lor forcing in hot-beds. This feed fhould be, fown in the beginning or mJddle of €)i the month, on beds four feet wide of rich earth. Sow it broad-cail on the furface, then tread it in, and call fome of the earth out of the alleys evenly over the bed,_and then rake Mar.] The Kitchen Garden. 127 rake them rmoot:h. The plants will come up in a month or fix weeks, when they mull be kept very clean from weed^ by a careful hand-weeding at different times in the fummer. .If the weather be very dry when the plants firll: comer up, it will be proper to lefreih them now and then with water, which will forward them in their growth. They will be fit to plant out for good next fpring. See the article o^ Planting Afparagus in this month, page 123. When afparagus is to be planted out for forcing, fee that article in the work of February. Spring- drejjtng of Artichokes, Make a general dreiling of artichokes the beginning or middle of this month. Where the ground has been trenched up, and laid over thefe plants laft winter, to prote£l them from froll, let it now be levelled dov/n, efpccially if the plants have be- gun to Ihoot tolerably ftrong, otherwife defer it till next month; obferving as you proceed in levelling down, to dig and ioofen all the ground about the plants; at the fame time examine the number of fhootsor fuckers ariling on each ilool orrocit, ieleiling two or three of the (Ironge.t on every flool to remain, and all above rhat number to be flipped off clofe with your hand ; obferving, in per- forming this work, to open the earth deep enough about each flock or root, that you may readily get to flip the fuperabundant fhoots off clean from the pjace from whence they arife ; minding, as above, to leave two good fhoots, but never more than three, upon each root or ftock, clofing- the earth in again about the root, and alfo about the young plants, preffing it clofe about them with your hand. The fhoots which are flipped oft', will do to make frefh plantations, where wanted ; for artichokes are increafed by planting the young fhoots, and by no other method ; and this is the feafon to do it. See us below. Planting Artichokes.. Where a plantation of artichokes are intended, let them? be planted as foon in the month as you can procure good plants : obferving, that thofe flips or fuckers flipped off in fpring-dreffmg the old plants as above direded, are Che proper fets for this purpofe. G 4 There 128^ Th? Kitchen Garden. [Mar. Tliei:e being two forts, the large globe artichoke, and the French or green oval artichoke ; but the former is greatly preferable to plant for the general fupply, the heads being confiderably larger, and the eatable parts more thick and fiefhy. They fhould be planted in an open fituation, and in good ground ; alfo let a good quantity of good rotten dung be fpread over the piece, and dig it in. And in which, the fets muft be planted v/ith a dibble, in rows a yard and a half afunder, and not lefs than two feet, nor more than a yard dillant from one another in the row. Give them fome water immediately after they are planted, to fettle the earth properly about the plants. The above plantation, if kept clear from weeds, and now and then watered in dry weather, in the beginning of the fummer, will not fail to yield good artioiiokes the following autumn, But it is proper to obferve, that you may fow a thin crop of onions, lettuce, radilhes, or fpinach, the firll year, between the rows of the artichokes. A plantation of artichokes will continue to produce good heads five or fix years, and fometimes longer ; but it muft be obferved, that fuch perfons as defire to have a fuccefijon. of thefe fruit, for four or five months in the fummer, fhould make a new plantation every fpring ; for the old ftocks which have been plan:ed a year or two, pro- duce heads in June or July; and tliofe planted now, pro^ dace heads in Aijguil, September, and O£lober. Planting Beans. plant beans of any kind, for all forts fucceed well from this time of planting. This is Itili a proper time to plant the Windfor, Ta- ker and Sandwich, and alfo the joug-podded bean, which is a very great bearer. Any of the Inialler kinds of beans may alio be planted any time this month, particularly the white blcOcm, it being a great bearer, and eats exceeding fweet, and ii by fome preferred to all others. There fhould be fome of the mod approved of thefe forts p-^t into the ground every fortnight, which will af- ford a regular iupply of ycun^ beans dgrin^ the principal feafuu of them,. Mar.J The Kitchen Garden. 129 Plant the large kind of beans in- rows a yard afunder, and the leller kinds thirty inches between the rows. But, if it is intended to plant favoys or cabbage plants between them, the rows in general, for all the forts, Ihould be full a yard afunder. S Cluing Peas, tffc. Sow marrowfat peas once, a fortnight, or thereabouts ;■ by which means yoa will have a conftant fupply of young peas for the table. Any other of the large, or fmaller kind of peas, as sre mentioned in the former months, may be fown now, al- lowing the diflance of a fortnight, or thereabouts, between' each fowing. Draw drills for the different kinds of peas at the diilance mentioned in the former month, and fow them regularly, and cover them with earth about an inch and a half deep. All the forts of peas iliould now be fown in open fitua- tions, not much under low fpreading trees. Earthing Peas and Beans. Draw earth to the flems of fuch peas and beans as are now up fome height; it will flrengthen the plants great- ly, and win encourage their growth. Turncps, Sow turneps for a full crop about the middl'e, or towards the latter end of this month, in an open fituation, and where the ground is light. Note, 'I'urneps may be fown at the beginning of the month, if required ; but thofe which are fown fo early, are apt to run up for feed before they apple, or at lealV before they arrive at any confiderable fize. The proper feed to fow now, is that knov/n by the name of Dutch turnep, it being the beil fort to fow at this feafon in gardens, but efpecialiy for the firft and.,fe- coad crops. Celery.. If celery was not fown- the laft month, -let fomc feed be fown the beginning of this, to plant outin May and June, &c. for an early crop; fow fome more of the fame iced about the middle or towards the latter end, for the prin- G 5 " Cipal ijo. The Kitchen Garden. [Mar. cipal crop. The feed ihould be f own in a warm fpot of rich earth ; covering it but but lightly, not more than a quarter of an inch : or you may rake it in with a light and even hand. Moiflen the bed with water frequently in dry weather. Let it be obferved there are two forts of celery ; one known by the name of Italian or upright celery ; the other called celeriac, or turnep-rooted celery. The firfl is that which i; mofl commonly cultivated, and of which there are two varieties, viz. common upright celery with, hollow flalks, and folid-llalked celery ; both cf which being from feed as above, are afterwards generally planted in trenches for blanching their ftalks, which are the prin- cipal ufeful parts thereof; but the celeriac is generally planted on level groundj the roots of it fwell like a turnep, and is that part of the plant which is ufed. Small Sallading, Small falladi,ng, fuch as crefles, muftard, radiih, rape,. and turnep, fnould, when a conflant fupply. is wanted, be fown on-ce a week at leafl, in a warm border, obferving to dravv fome flat fliallow drills, three inches afunder ; low the feeds theiein, each fort feparate, and cover them iightiy with fine earth. for the particular method of fowing thefe feeds, fee the work of laft month ; and when the plants begin to come up, ancj if the earth cake, fo as they cannot rife freely, let the earth be lightly whifked with the hand, or the end of a brifk broom, or with a light rake as is there mentioned. if thefe young herbs are attacked with a hoar froft ap>. pearing on them in the morning, let them be watered to waili it oif before the fun comes on them, as obferved laft mcnih, which will prevent their turning black and fpoil- ing. Purjlane. Purflane, if required early, fliould be fown the begin- ning of this month, in a hot-bed. Make the bed /light, eighteen inches high will do ; put a frame on, and cover the bed with earth four or five inches thick : fow the feed on the furface, and cover it about a quarter of an inch with light eaith. 6 This Mar.] The Kitchen Garden. 131 This feed may be fown in a Bed of rich earthy in the natural ground, at the end of the month. So-iving Cher'vil and Coriander, Sow chervil and coriander feeds ; draw fome Ihallovv drills for thefe feeds eight or nine inches afunder : forv each fort feparate, and cover them about half an inch. deep with earth. I'hefe herbs are all to remain where fown, and the chief culture they require is to be kept clear from weeds. SoTving Parjley. Parfley, if not fovved lail month, may be fown' in a fingle drill at the edge of the quarters, or borders of this garden ; it will make a ufeful and alfo a neat edging, if not fuifered to grow rank, efpecially the curled parlley ; or if large fupplies are wanted for market, it may be fowed in continued rows nine inches afunder,. or upon the gene- ral furface, and trod down, and raked in. So-xv/7!g BafA. Bafil is in fome families ufed as a kitchen herb ; it is propagated by feed, and the middle or latter end of thi.v month, or in /\pril, is the feafon to fow it, and the plants will be ready for planting out in May. But for the greater certainty of fuccefs, it will be ad- vlfeable to fow it in a flight hot-bed, and in dry earthy., otherwife the feed will rot ; and be careful to defend ii from wet ill the plants are come up. They are to be planted out into a warm border, &:c. in.. May ', and managed as direfted for capficums : fee page: 134 So-xviig and planting 'various fcrts of Pot and Medical Herbs. The feeds of dill, fennel, borage, burnet, buglofs, for- rel, marigold, orach, and clary, together with the feeds, of all other herbs of the like kinds, may be fov/ed any ti>ne in this month, in a bed or border of common earth> and rake them in ; moft of which: may remain where fawed, if the plants are properly tliinned j or may be. planted ouL in beds a foot afunder, in June oi- July. Plant flips of baum, burnet, tarragon,, tanfey, genny^ royal, feverfew, and chamomile, G. 6 la 132 The KiTCHEisr GARDisf^v fMiir.'- In taking off the ilips of thefe plants, be careful to preferve fome root to each ; plant thern nine or ten inches dillance from each other, in beds of rich earth. Sow hyflbp, thyme, favcry, and fweet-marjoram, at the beginning ; but they fucceed \'ery well if fown any time in this month. Thefe feeds ilioald be fown feparately in fpots of rich light earth, and raked irf ; or, thefe feed's may alfo be fown in fballow drills along the ed|:es of bor- ders or beds, eo-Vering them in with fine earth a quarter of an inch deep, when the plants will make neat and ufe- ful edgings. Thefe plants may either remain where fown, or maybe tranfplanted, for which practice they will be fit in June ; but if they were to remain where fown, they Ihould at the above time be thinned to five or f*x inches diiiance,' and thofe which are drawn out may be planted in another fpot fix inches afiinder. But thofe which are fown for edgings need not be' thinned. Plant flips or cuttings of fage, hyffop, thyme, and favory, any time this month. Thefe flips or cuttings fhould be of the lafl year's fhoots, about five, fix, or feven inches long ; obferving to flip or cut them off clofe to the place from whence they arife ; but there are fometimes to be found fiips, or fuckers- rifing from the bottom of the old plants that are often furnilhed with roots ; which flips or" fuckers fhould alfo be particularly chofen. Plant all the forts in a fhady border, five^ or fix inches apart j they v^'ill take root in a fliort time, and will make good plants in three or four months, if you water them in dry weather ; and in September, they will be ftrong and well rooted, and may then be tranfplanted at proper diflaiKes in beds of rich earth. Rofemaryy Riie, ^c» Plant flips or cuttings of rofemary, rue, wormwood, and lavender j let thefe be planted in a fhady border, fix inches apart ; they will take root freely, by obferving to water them in dry vveather 5 they maybe tranfplanted into a more open fituation about Michaelmas, when they ivill be well rooted, and have got ftren^rh* Ir- Mar.] The Kitchen Garden-.. i^jj It muil be alfo obferved in planting the cuttings of thefe plants, that 'the flioots which were produced iali year are to be chofen for planting; they fhould be from about five or fix to eight or nine inches long, according as you can find tlrcm, obferying to flip or cut them eif clofe to the part from whence they proceed. Put each flip or cutting about two parts out of three into the ground. But fometimes there are alfo flips or fuckers to be met with, which rife immediately from or near the roots of the eld plants : thefe Ihould alio be chofen, becaufe they are' often well furniihed with roots. Sc=wing Najlurtiiitjfs. Nailurtiums are often ufed in families ; thoir flowers for fallads ^nd to garniih diihes, and their feed to pickle. This is now a good time lo fow them, and \.\iz fooner la- the month the better. Drills mull: be drawn f jf therti as is pradifed for peas ;- the feeds mull be dropped into the drills two or three inches afunder, and be covered an inch deep with earth. When the plants are come up about fix inches high, they ihould have flicks placed for them to run up, for thefe plants are of the running or climbing kind \ or for the, iTike of fupport, may fbw them near a h^A^t, rails, or any other fence. Chi'ves. Chives, a fmall fpecies of onion growing in large tuftsy are ufeful in a family in the fpring, &:c. as a fubilitute for young onions, both in fallads and culinary purpofes^ they are propagated by flipping the roots, and this is the time to plant thi-m : the method is to part or takeoff feme Hips from the old roots, and plant them in beds, where they are to remain, at about eight inches diftance.- In flipping or parting the above roots, obferve to pre- serve eight or ten of the fmall bulbs together in a clufter;, and in that manner to plant them. They are to be planted with a dibble, making holes for them at the diftance above-mentioned, putting one clufter of roots as above in each hole, and clofmg the earth well about them. They will foon take root, and increafe very iaii into i^ii^t bunches, of many years duration, Minii 134 The Kitchen Garden, [Mar. Mint. This is now a good time to make new plantations of mint. This plant is propagated either by parting the roots, or by flips of the young fpring plants taken up with root fibres at th" bottom ; alfo by cuttings of the young flalks next month and May, &c. but at this feafon the encreafmg it jy flips, or parting the roots, is mofl gene- rally pradifed, and the method is this : In the third or fourth week in this month, have recourfe to fuch old beds of mint as are well flocked with young plants, and there flip or draw up a due quantity of the bell of the young plants, obferving to flip and draw them up with roots J to do which you muil draw them up. gently, and with the help of your knife at times, to raife or feparate them ; by which care, every plant will rife with tolerable good roots. Hav.ng procured the plants, let them be planted ia rows about fix inches afunder, and five or fix inches dif^ tant in the rovv£, and let them, have immediately a tolerable watering, to fettle the earth clofe about their roots. The method of propagating mint by roots is this: get a quantity of old roots, and let thefe be parted in a proper manner; then draw drills ulth a hoe fix inches afunder; place the roots in the. drills, cover them about an inch deep with the earth, and then rake the ground. But when the above method is to be pradliled, the roots fhould be procured, and planted either in February, or the beginning of this month, or in Odober or November.. Thefe plants will thrive in almofl any foil or fituation. Qbferve, that all the forts of mint, fuch as fpear-mint, pepper-mint, orange-mint, &c. may all be propagated by the above methods. Capjicums. Sow capficums, the feed-pods of thefe plants being- of a hot fpicy quality, are much efteemed for pickling : the large podded kinds are befl, but any of the Ibrts may be ufed : See the Catalogue of Plants. Let thefe feeds be fov/ed in a hot- bed about the beginning, middle, or to- wards the latter end of this month : and when the plants ap- pear, let them havealargeportionof free air^andwater them frecjuentiy. Mar.] The Kitchen Garden. 135 frequently. In the middle or latter end of May they will be fit to tranfplanc, which mull be into beds of rich earth in the common ground. See the Work of April and May. But if they were to be firft pricked out from the feed-bed the next month, into another flight hot-bed, three or four inches afunder, to have three or four weeks growth, it will forward them greatly : or in default of a hot-bed for this purpofe, may prick them out on a warm border early in May (obferving to arch the bed over with hoops, and cover them on nights and bad weather with mats) they may afterwards be tranfplantcd with balls of earth to the roots to where they are finally to remain. i>ee May and June, Solving Lcve- Apples. About the middle of this month is the time to fow fome tomato, or love-:ipple feed ; the fru't cr apples of thdb plants are, in fome families, much ufed in foups, and are alfo often ufed to pickle, both when they are green, and v/hen ripe. The fruit, when ripe, is of a beautiful red colour. The feed muft be fown in a flight hot-bed, treating the plants as direded above for capficums. For the further management of them, fee the Kitchen Garden for May. Garlick, l^c. Plant garlick and fliallots ; let thefe be planted in the manner mentioned in the former month ; and the fooner they are planted now, the better. Scallions. The dry onions which begin to flioot in the houfe may be planted in a fmall fpot in the garden, four or five inches afunder, where they will foon take root, and flioot up freely, and will ferve to pull up for fcallions. Scorzofiera, Skirrets, and Salfafy, Sow fcorzonera and falfafy where required, and alfo fkirrets : let thefe feeds be fown thin on feparate beds, in an open fituation, and raked in ; they may be fown any time this month. They are to remain in the places v/here fown, obferving to thin them to fix or eight inches diilance each way. Note^ 136 The Kitchen Garden. [Man- Note, The fkirrets may alfo be propagated by flips from the fides of old root$>. planting them fix or eight inches- dillan-ce. All thefe plants are ejleemed for their long flefhy roots for boiling, being in perfeftion in Autumn, &c. See next month. Lizrge- roofed ParJIey. Sow the feeds of Hamburgh or large -rooted parfley, if they were not fown the former month : let this feed be fown thin and equally,, on beds of rich earth in an open fituation, and rake them in : when the plants are up, and have got a little ftrength, they muit be thinned to fix- inches diilance, that the roots may have room to fwell ^ for it is the root of this plant that is to be eaten. Kidney Beaits, Kidney beans may be planted about the end of this; jnonth, if the weather is dry, and the ground not too wet ; they muil be planted clofe under fome warm wall, or ihey will not fucceed well. Draw fome drills for them in a warm border> abour two feet or thirty inches afunder. Place the beans in the drills about two or three inches apart, and cover them with earth about an inch deep. Or may fovv fome feed. in a {lender hot-bed about the end- of the month, for tranfplanting into warm borders the middle or latter end of April,' &c. For the different forts of kidney beans, fee the Kitchem Garden for Jpril. Sow more kidney beans in a hot-bed or hot-houfe,v &c. to continue a regular fupply of the early crops, to fucceed' thofe of the two former months, obferving the fame methods as there direfled.- Cardoons*- Sow cardoons in the middle of this month for tranf-- plantation : dig a bed of light earth for them in a free' fituation, let the feed be fown thin, and rake it in evenly; the plants will come up in about a fortnight, or three weeks ; and in about two months after, are to be tranf- plantedfmallyin anopeirfitaation, four or five feet afunder. But obferve when the plants have been come up in the feed-bed about a fortnight or three weeks, they fhould be thinned Mar.] The Kitchen Garden. 137 thinned where they are too thick, leaving them five or fix inches afunder, that they may have room to grov/ without drawing each other up weak. They will be pretty ftrong and fit to plant out in June. See the work of that month. Or cardoon feed may be fowed at once where the plants are to remain, in rows five feet afunder. Po/afoes. Potatoes may be planted any time this month, but about the middle of the month is a proper time to begin that work. Thefe roots thrive befl in a moderately light or loofe foil, and where it is not wet, and if you add Tome dung, it will be a great advantage. In planting potatoes, be careful to procure fome good fets ; that isj to pick a quantity of the beil kinds of po- tatoes, choofing fuch as are perfeuly found, and of a tolerable large iize : thefe are to be prepared for planting by cutting or quartering them : that is to fay, each root to be cut into two, three, or more pieces, minding par- ticularly that each piece be furniihed with at leali one or two eyes or buds, which is fufiicicm. Being thus prepared, they are to be planted in rows not lefs than eighteen inches diibmce, but will be more eligible if two or three feet afunder, and to be fet twelve or fifteen inches dillaat in the roY/, and five or fix deep. As to the mechod of planting, it is moil commonly per- formed v.iih a thick blunt-ended dibble; but fome plant them as they proceed in digging or plowing the ground, placing them in the trenches or furrows, as you go on, turn- ing the earth of che next trench or furrow, over them ; and fo on to the end. Others firft dig or plow the ground, then drav/ drills with an hoe or plough, about fix inches deep, and fo drop the fets in the drills, and cover them in ; and fome perfons hole them in with a fpade, by taking out a fmall fpit of earth for each fet, which a boy drops in the hole, whilil the mian covers it with the earth of the next aperture. Thofe perfons who plant large quantities, and pradife plancjng them with dibbles, have dibbles made for that purpcfe J they are about three feet long, with a crofs fean-dleat top, to take ho Id on with both hands, and the-lower end 138 The Fruit Garden. [Mar. end iliod with iron, about a foot up, having a foot or fhoul- der of iron fixed at about five or fix inches from the bottom, to put your foot upon to help to thruft it into the ground, thrufting it always as far in the ground as the above ihoulder, by which means the holes are made all an exad depth. One perfon may be employed in making the holes, and another to follow after to drop in the potatoes, which work of dropping them may be performed by women, or girls, or boys. yeru/akm Artichokes, Pl;5nt Jerufalem artichokes where required. Thefe roots will thrive in almoil any foil, and multi- ply fo exceedingly, that it is not eafy to clear the ground of them again, for the leaft bit will grow. The root, the eatable part of the plant, being large flefhy tubers, bearing fome refemblance to a potatoe, but of a more ir- regular form, and taile fome what like the bottom of an artichoke, (hence the namej are in perfe^lioA in autumn and all winter, and are very good and wholefome to boil and eat with butter, &c. Let them be plantevi in rows a yard afunder, four or five inches deep, and eighteen inches or two feet diftant in the rows. Obferve the fame method in preparing the fets and planting them, as directed for potatoes. The Fruit Garden. Pruning Fig-Trees, PRUN E fig-trees, this being the beft time of the year for performing that work. Some prune figs the latter end of autumn, but that is wrong; the young bearing (hoots being tender, many of them are liable to be killed by the froit in fevere winters; and, therefore, if they were to be pruned in autumn, and no more flioots left than what will jull furnifh the wall. Mar.] The Fruit Garden. 139 wall, and fevere froft afterwards deftroy many of the ihoots, you have then no refource left for Ihoots to fupply thefe vacancies. The bell way, therefore, is to let thefe trees remain unpruned till this feafon, leaving the whole fupply of young fhoots till this time ; and if fevere frolus fhould happen in winter, there will be a chance, out of the whole, to find enough that have efcaped the froil:, to lay in to furnilh the wall. In pruning fig-trees, obferve to leave a fufHcient fup- ply of the lall fummer's wood, from the bottom to the extremity, every way, in every part where poffible, and where there is proper room to train them, fo as the tree may be equally furnilhed with bearers, at moderate dif- tances, for thefe young fhoots bear the figs the enfuing feafon ; fig-trees always producing their fruit on the one year old wood only. Leave the branches and fhoots in general about feven or eight inches afunder, with all the fhoots at full length ; and the fuperabundant fhoots, or fuch as are not wanted, and cannot be trained in without being too near together, ihould be cut off quite clofe, leaving no fpur or ftump ; being careful to cut out the worfl, and leave the flrongell and moll promifmg well placed fhoots, at the diftance above-mentioned, with a leading one to each branch. Take care always, in particular, to train in every year fome young fhoots, at or near the bottom, that thete may be a fupply of young branches coming up regularly one after another, to fupply the places of old naked branches, which will appear every feafon in fome part or other of the tree ; for fuch branches as are old, and have no young wood on them, fliould be cut out, that there may be fufhcient room to train the bearing branches neatly, and at proper dillances. In cutting out any of the large branches of thefe trees, fuch as are too high for the wall, or fuch as appear ufe- lefs, by having no young wood on them, fhould be either €ut off to the place from whence they proceed, or to fome convenient lower young fhoot or branch, cutting tli^m quite clofe, leaving no ilump. The young branches of fig-trees mull not be fhorten- ed or topped, but leave each at full length; for were they to be fnortened^ it would not only cut away the part i40 The Fruit Garden. [Mar* part where fruit would have appeared, but alfo occafion them to run much to wood, and thereby never produce half a crop of fruit. The tree being pruned, let every branch be immedi- ately nailed ftraight and clofe to the wall, at equal dif- tances, feven or eight inches from each other, or there- about. Propagating and pla}iting Fig-trees, Plant fig-trees where wanted, this being r2.ther the bell month in the year for removing them j for they will nov/ take root in a very fhort time. In planting figs, may either procure trained young trees of feveral years growth, or fuch that are arrived to a bearing Hate, and plant them againil the bell fouth walls, at twenty feet difiance; cr as thefe trees are propagated, in general, either by the fuckers which arife from the roots of the old trees, or by layers, or cuttings. May plant young plants of thefe at once where they are to remain, as above, that they may eftablifh 'their roots more efFedlually v/ithout being afterwards difturbed by removal, as old plants ^o not root fo httly as young :. therefore, when it is intended to plant thefe' trees, that ia default of trained plants, fome good fuckers, of a mode- rate growth, and fuch as are firm and well ripened, may be procured either the beginning of this month, or in Odlo- bcr, flipping them off as low as pofiible, with roots, and plant them at once in the place where they are to remain ; or in the nurfery, for training a few years. But to raife them by la^/ers, it is performed on the young branches any time this month, or in Oclober or November, laying them in the earth four or five inclitfs deep with the tops out ; and they will be well rooted in a year, when they ihould be feparated from the old tree, and planted either in the nurfery or where they are to remain. Cuttings of the young fhoots may alfo be planted now, or in autumn ; and they will be well rooted by the autumn following, managing them as above. If thelb trees are to be planted againil walls, or pales, let them be planted at leafl twenty feet dillance from each other. But fig-trees trained in half, cr quarter llandards with full heads, may be planted detached, in fome fheltered funny Mar.] The Fruit Garden* 141 funny fituation, permitting their heads to branch away- regularly around like other ftandard trees ; and they will, in favourable feafons, bear plenty of good figs. Pruning Ap7-icoty Peachy and Nedarine Trees, Where a; ricoc, peach, and n'^darine-trees Hill remain uhpruned, let tnem now be pruned and nailed, as foon as poliible; th-ey Ihould be riniPaed by the msudl- of the month at fartheft. The buds of thefa trees being now pretty mtichiwelled for bloom, are thereby liable to be rubbed olt vyHfi the- leaft touch ; therefore, great care fhould be taken when you prune them, otherwife many of ihe buds will be dif- placed. In pruning thefe trees, let the fame iQcthod be obferved as in the former months* Nail the branches even, and clofe to tiie wall^ at equal diilances, taking particuL^r care of the buds, for they are more liable to be rubbed off in nailing than pruning. Prefer'ving ihe Blo/JetHS and^ ytung fruit of Wall-trees. When apricot, peach, and ne and obferving to 142 The Fruit Garden. [Mar. to flick them between the branches and the wall, in fuch manner as to ihelter all thofe branches which are in blof- fom : they may be permitted to remain conilantly, till the fruit is fairly fet, and the bloflbm dropped, then to be taken away : it is the fafeft way to continue thefe or other occafional Ihelters, till the fruit is as big asMarge peas. Some people in default of evergreens, Hick their trees, in time of their bloom, with branches of dried fern, which have often a good effed in (heltering the tender bloHbm. P runt fig Pears, Plums, Cherries, Apples, l^c. Finifh pruning pears, plums, cherries, and apple-trees, either againfl walls, efpaliers, or llandards. Pruning of thefe, and all other fruit-trees, which yet remain unpruned, fhould now be forwarded as faft as polTible, that the whole may be finiihed by the middle or end of the month. Planting Fruit-trees, Fruit-trees of all kinds may be planted any time of this month, with fuccefs ; but the fooner in the month the better. The trees which are planted now will take root in a ihort time j and, with the afliilance of a little water in dry weather, they will fhoot freely. In planting fruit-trees, either for walls, efpaliers, or ftandards, obferve to plant each kind at the diftances mentioned in the former month, and in October, &c. For the proper foil and fituation for the feveral kinds of fruit, fee the work of Qdiober and Novemier, The method of planting is to open a wide hole for every tree, and, when it is opened to the depth- you intend it, loofen the bottom well. Then prune the roots of the tree ; that is, cut off bruifed or broken roots, and trim the ends a little of all the very long ftraggling roots in general. This being done, place the tree in the hole ; then break the earth well, and throw it in equally about the roots ; and when all is in, tread the furface gently round the tree. New planted fruit-trees Ihould be well fecured from the vi:)lence of the wind; if they are tali Handards, let them be fupportcd Mar.] The Fruit Garden. 143 fupported with flakes ; if dwarfs, againft walls or efpaliers, by being failened thereto. Pruning and Tralnvig young ApncotSy Peachy and NeSiarine^ trees. Now is the only proper time to head down young apri- cot, peach, and nedarine-trees, planted a^.ainft walls, any time fince laft Michaelmas, with their firft ihoots, from bud- ding at full length ; which when a year old, fhould always be headed down low, to force out lower branches, to furnifh the wall properly quite from the very bottom. This Ihcuid be done juil as the trees begin to pufh; therefore watch the opportunity, and let their heads be iliortened at the proper time, which will be a great ad- vantage. The head Ihould be cut down to the fifth or fixth eye from the bottom ; and if there are two fhoots from the fame Hock, let them both be cut down, as above. By this pradlice the trees'will produce fome flrong flioots near the ground, fo that they will be furnifhed equally with branches from the furface of the earth, to the top of the wall. But if the trees were not to be headed down, as above, they would run up with a Hem like a ftandard tree, and not furnifh any branches to fignify, within two or three feet of the ground ; fo that the ufe of fo rtiuch of that part of the wall would be entirely loit. Such young apricot, peach, and ncftarine-trees, as were headed down a year ago, and having each produced three or four fnoots the la ft fummer, fhould now have thefe fhortened to fuch lengths, as may encourage each fhoot to produce two or three new ones the fame ieafon. The method is this : let each fhoot be fhortened to about one half of its onginaf length ; that is, fuch as are twenty inches long, fhould be fhortened to ten or twelve inches ; and fuch as are fifteen inches in length, or there- abouts, fhould be fhortened into eight or nine inches, and fo in pipporiion to the different lengths of the flioots. By this practice each of thefe fhoots will produce'three or four new fhoots the fucceding fummer; liO that by Mi- chaelmas, each young tree fo treated, will, if they have thriven well, be furnilhcd with, perhaps, fifteen, eighteen, or twenty fhoots. 144 The FRirit GARbSNi [Mar* The trees may- then be pruned, according to the method directed for the older trees of that fort, obferving fti!l to lliorten the yoang Ihoots, but in fuch a manner, as they may both produce fruity and a fnpply of young wood as above faid : obferve the direffions given for the full-bear- ing trees; that is, to cut off about one third of each jfhoot, and then n^il them llraigKt and clofe to the wall about fix inches afunder. Sse Fruit Garden in February. Pru7ting and Training ycimg Apple-tn-es^ i^c. The young dwarf-apples, pear?, plums, and cherry- trees, which v/cre lately planted. againft v/alls or efpalicrsj &:c. "with their firft fhoots, of only a year or two old, in- tire, {"hoiild now be pruned down to a few eyes, that they may put out fome good fhioots near the ground, to furnilb. the bottom of the wall, or efpalier, therewith-. If the heads of thefe trees are bat of one yearns growth from the bud or graft, let them be Ihortened to three or four eyes ; obferying to do it j ell: as they begin to break, as before-m.entioned. Suppofe they are two years fiiDTH the bud or graft, and the firll fhoots were cut down as above, laft Spring ; let the fhoots which were produced from them the lail fum- Iner, be alfo fhortcrted now to fix or feven inches. The fame rule holds good with thefe, at fi.rfl trainingi as mentioned for the apricots and peaches, fbr it is by fhortening properly, the firil and fecohd years fhootsj from the budding and grafting, that the whole fuccefs depends on forming a ufefal handfome tree. As when a young wall or efpalier tree is well furnifbed with branches hear the ground^, thefe will readily fupply you with more in* their turn, to furnifh the wall or efpalier upwards. But in the common ccurfe cf pruning' apples, pears, plums, and cherries, their fhoots or branches are not to be ihortened ; for after the young trefes are furnifhed with a proper fupply of branches at bpttont, their (hoots mull then be trained to the v.-all at full length, only fhort- ening a particular fhoot where more wood may be required to furnifh that part. For more particulars in that work, fee the work of laft month, Gcifderrits MarJ Thf Fruit Garden. 14J Goofeherries and Currants. Prune goofeberry and currant-bufhes, where tjiey arc not yet done ; but let this work be finifned the beginning of the month. Keep the branches thin, and the middle of the trees open, and clear of wood, fo as to admit the fun and air freely, by which means the fruit will be large and well tailed. Obferve the rules exhibited in January, February, and Odlober. Dig the ground between the goofeberry and currant-trees, where it has not been done in the former months. The loofening of the ground about the roots of thefe fhrubs, i: of great fervice to them, and at no time more ufeful than the prefent, as they are jull now beginning to' ilioot. Pruning and planting Rafpherries. Prune rsfpberries, where not done before, obferving to cut out all dead wood ; and where the live Ihoots which were produced laft funimer, and which are the bearing wood of this year ftand too thick, let them be thinned out as in the former months, and fhorten the flioots which are ■left. For the particular method of pruning, fee laft month, &:c. The ground between the rows of rnfpberries Ihculd pow be dug, if it was not done before; it will ftrenghten the Ihoots, and add a neatnefs to the place. Plantations of rafpberries may be made at the beginning, or middle of this month : they will take root foon after they are planted, and will grow freely, and produce fruit the fame year, provided you give them fome water now and then in dry weather, till they have taken frefli root. In planting rafpberries, rernember it is the young, ihoots which were produced from the old roots lafl year that are the proper plants ; choofing fuch whofe roots are .well furnifhed with fibres, and one or more buds formed at bottom for new Ihoots ; rejedling fuch as have naked ilicky roots. Let them be planted in the manner, and at the diilauce mentioned in the two former months. Digging the Fruit-ivee Borders, Dig the fruit-tree borders which are not yet done. H This T46 The Fruit Garden. [Mar. This will he ferviceable to the trees, and will deflrov the weeds ; and after being neatly raked, the borders will appear neat and decent. Stir with a hoe> the furface of fuch borders as were dug in the former months ; that is, fuch as are not fown with clofe crops ; fuch as radiihes, lettuce, fpinach. Sec. and then let them be raked fmooth; by which means the growth of young feed weeds will be retarded, and the whole will appear neat. Prune Fines. Where there are vines that are not yet pruned, let them be now done as foon in the month as poffible ; for when vines are pruned too late, it is feldom that a good crop fucceeds. For the particular method of pruning them, fee the » work of the two laft months, or No'vembct-y &c. Propagating Vines. Plant cutting of vines the beginning or middle of this month, by which means you may propagate any fort you defire, for the cuttings will take root freely. The cuttings mufl be fhoots of the lall year, which if cut from the trees laft month, or the beginning of this, it will be the more eligible; fhortening them to twelve inches in length, or thereabouts ; and let each cutting have about an inch, or fo, of the former year's wood at ~ its bottom. Though this is not abfolutely neceffary as they will fucceed Vv'ithout any old wood, and may divide long Ihoots into two, three, or more lengths, as above, for planting. They may be planted either in nurfcry-rows, or in the places where they are finally to remain, either again fl walls, efpaliers, or elfewhere ; obferving to plant them fomewhat flanting, and fo deep that only one eye may appear above ground, and that Ihould be clofe to the fur- face. Vines are alfo propagated by layers, obferving to lay the young fhoots occafionally with part of the branch they proceed from, laying them four or five inches deep in the earth, leaving three or four eyes of the ihoot out of the ground, ihortening the top accordingly, if too long. StraivberrieSi May.] The Fruit Garden. i 47 Sfra^vberries. Drefs the flrawbcrry-beds if they were not done in the former month ; the plants will now begin to pufh apace, and the fooner this is done the better. Clear the beds from weeds, and the plants from firings, and other litter ; atid if the main plants are crowded with young ones from the lall year's runners, let them be thinned accordingly ; for it is. the befi method to keep thefe plants in fnigle bunches as it were, and clear of each other, jb that there may be room to dig round them with a narrow fpade or a trowel. The beds being cleared from litter, loofen the earth be- tween the plants ; and if you add a little frefli earth to the beds, it will ftrengthen the plants, and they will flower ftfong, and produce large fruit. Strawberries may now be planted where required, Ob- ferve the fame method as mentioned in i\\z former month, A further fupply of pots of bearing ftrawberry-plants may iliil be placed in hot-beds and hot-houfes, &c. to produce a fucceffion of early llrawberries to fucceed thofe of the former months, and to ifford a fupply of ripe fruit till thofe in the open ground ripen in June, For Ling J^riiit-trees^ Continue the care of fruit-trees now forwarding in hot walls, forcing- ho ufes for early fruit, fuch'as peaches, nedarines, apricots, cherries, \'ines, &c, let the fires be made every evening ; admit air in funny days, and give occafional \vat<;rings ; each of which by the rules explained in the laft months. The Pleasure, or Flower Garden"* Pricking out early Anmuils^ IF any tender annuals were fowed the two former months, make a new hot-bed towards the middle or latter end of this, in which to prick them, to fcrward their growth. Let the hot-bed be about two feet or thirty inches high, and make the top even ; then fet on the frame ; and, H 2 when 14^ The Pleasure^ cr [Mar. when the great heat is over, let the earth be put in ; let the earth be light and rich, and perfedly dry, and lay it equally over the bed fix inches thick. When the earth is warm, prick the plants therein at three or four inches diflance each way, and give them a little fprinkling of water; then let the glaffes be put on, obferving to raife them a liitle every day to let out the ileam ; ihade the plants from the fun till they have taken frcfh root. When the plants are rooted, and begin to pufh, they fliould have frefh air tvery day; therefore, let the upper ends of the glafles be raifed an inch, or two or three in height, to admit it to them, but fhut them down towards the evening, and cover them on cold nights with mats ; remember to fprinkle them with water frequently, giving but a little at each time. Solving tender Annitah* A hot-bed may be made the- beginning or any time of this month, to low the feeds of any kinds of tender annual flowers in, fuchas cockfcomb, amaranthus tricolor, double balfamine, globe-amaranthus, ice-plant, fehfitive-plant, ^c. Make the bed in every refpeft as direc^led in the for- mer month. The fame kind of feeds may be fown. For the different forts fee^/r/7, and the Catalogue oi Plants. The plants raifed from this fowing may be brought for- ward to blow llrong and beautiful in July, and will con- tinue till the froll deftroys them. Pvcmember they are not to remain in the hot-bed where raifed, but are to to be trafplanted, fome into pots, and fome into the borders. See the work of Jpril, May 3 and June. Solving lefs'tender or hardier kinds of Annuals. A flight hot-bed fhould be made in the fecond or third week of this month, wherein to fowthe feeds of the lefs- tender or hardier kinds of annual flowers. Such as the feeds of China after, India pink, marvel of Peru, balfam, palma Chrifti, capficum, mignonette, bafil, French and African marigolds, and ten-week ftocks, chryfanthemum, tree and purple amaranthus, perncarias, love-apple, fcabioufes, convolvulus major, ftramoniums, and Chinefe hollyhocks, with feveral other forts. See the work oi April. Obferve, they are only to be raifed in the hot-bed, and afterwards tranfplanted. Make MiTr.] Flower Garden. 14$ A^ake the hot-bed about two feet high ; put on the frame, and then earth the bed, five or fix inches thick, for the re» ception of the feed. The method of fowing thefe feeds is this : draw fhnllow drills from the back to the front of the frame, two or three inches afunder : fow the feeds therein, each fort feparate, and not too thick ; cover the fmalleft feed about a quarter of aninch» and the largeft ne;ir half an inch. When th^ plants are come up, let them have air, by raifing the glaiTeS two or three inches high every day; when they have been up fome time, and have got a little ilrength, they muft h6 gradually hardened, to bear the open air, by taking th^ lights entirely off every mild day. Refrefh them now and then with moderate fprinkiings of water : fome of them will be fit to prick out next month, and all of th^^m in May. See thofe months. Note, In default of frames and lights, may ufe hand or bcll-glaiTes, or oited-paper frames; or you may arch the bed over with hoops, and in nights and bad weather, cox'-er it with large garden- mats, or canvas cloths, &c. Where a hot-bed cannot be conveniently obtained, yoii may, towards the end of the month, fow fome of the above- mentioned annual flower-feeds on a warm border, where the earth is rich and light, and cover it occafionally with mats. The forts that will fucceed by that method, are China aflers, ten-week ftocks, India pink, African and French fnarigold, chryfanthemum, purple and tree amaranthus, perficarias, fcabioufes and convolvulus major: fow the feeds thin, each fort feparate, and arch the bed over with hoops : then, every night, and in bad weather, let mats hs drawn acrofs the hoops. With this management the plants will come up, and grow freely ; and if you refrefh them with water in dry weather, they will be fit to plant out about the end of May or beginning of June, and will flower pretty flrong, and in tolerable good time in aa- tumn. Or, for want either of a hot-bed or any of the other above-mentioned conveniencies, moll of the feeds will fuc- ceed in a warm berder next month, without any pro- teftion. For their full management^ fee the work of the three fucceeding months. H 2 Hardj^ 150 The Pleasure, er [Mar. Hardy annual Floivers. Sow in the borders and other parts of the garden, the feeds of all forts of hardy annual fiowers. The forts are large and dv/arf annual fun-flower, oriental mallow, lava- tera, Venice mallow, larkfpur, flos Adonis, fweet fultan, large fiefh coloured and blue and yellow lupines.. Sow alfo convolvulus major, fweet-fcented and Tangier peas, and naflurtiums. Likewife fow the feeds of the Spanifl^ nigella, purple and white candy-turft, Venus looking- glafs, Venus navel-wort, dwarf double poppy, Lobel's catchfly, dwarf annual lychnis, fnails, caterpillars, and convolvulus minor, and fome others. See n.ext month. All the above kinds of hardy annual flower feeds fliould be fown, each kind feparate, in patches in the different borders, and in the manner mentioned in the former month. The plants muiV remain to flower, in the places where they were fown, for they do not well bear tranf- planting ; therefore, when they come up, l«t them be thinned where they have rifen too tliick i water the patciies in dry weather, both before and after the plan:s are come up. Giving freJJj Earth to Plants in Pots, Give fome frefh earth, to the pots of double wall -flowers, double flock July flowers, double fvvect-williams, rot:kets, rofe campions, catchfly, campanulas, and fcarlet lychnis,, and fuch like ph.nts, which were potted fail autumn, or before, and were not drefled laft month. In doing this, clean the plants firft from decayed leaves, then take fome of the earth out of the t«p of the pots, but take care not to go fo deep as to difplace the roots of the plants ; then fill up the pots again with frefli earth, and give them fome water ; this will flrengthen their roots, and the plants v/lU fhoot freely, and produce large flowers. Chryfanthemiirns, The cuttings of double chryfanthemums, which were planted in boxes or pots laft autumn, and preferved all winter in frames, &c. fliould now be. planted out fingly in the pots where they are to flower j fome of them may be planted out next month in the borders among other flowers, where Mar.] Flower Garden.- 151 where they will flower early and ilrong, and make a hand- fome appearance. Auricula Pla?its. If the auriciijas in pots were not dreiTed lafl month,. let It now be done early in this, as formerly directed. The fine auricula plants in pots fliould now be guarded from much wet, cold winds and froll ; fuch weather being hurtful to their .flower-buds; which are now in forward- nefs. Therefore continue the pots under the hoop arches, where the plants can enjoy the open air, and be defended when there is occaflon, by drawing mats over the hoops. The plants ihould not be debarred from a warm and' moderate fliower of rain, which will now prove beneficial in promoting a free growth, and will fl:rengthen their ad- vancing flower-buds. When the weaiher is dry, let them be refreflied moderately wiih water at times, jufi enough to keep the earth a little moiii about their roots. The pots fliould be kept free from weeds, and the plants from decayed leaves. Carnations. ■ The carnations which were raifed from layers lafl year, and which are not yet planted into the large pots where yo«» intend them to flower, fliould be planted therein the beginning of this month. Take up the plants with fome of their-own earth about their roots, and place one plant in the middle of eaclr pot ; but if the pots be large, you may put two plants ia each; clofe the earth well about them, and give a mode- rale watering to fettle the earth about their roots. Place the pots where the plants may be defended from cold winds, and water them moderately and frequently in dry weather. The carnation plants which were planted laft autumn* into the pots where they are to remain, fliould now be frefli earthed. Let the plants firfl; be cleared from dead leaves, then take fome of the earth out of the pots, as near to their roots as poflible, without diflurbing them ; then let the pots be filled up with the frefli mould, laying it clofe H 4. round 152 The Pleasure, ^r > [Mar. round the plants;, after which, water the pots to fettle the earth. TJie fx-elh earth will be of great fervice t6 the plants, it vi'ill flrengthen them, and caufe them to fhoot i^rong, and produce large and handfome flowers. This is now the time to fow carnation feed. See the work oi Sonjoing perennial plants J in the next page. Protesting curious Flo'vjers, Now proteft the more durious kinds of tulips, hya- cinths, ranunculufes, and anemones, inbeds, from cold rains and frofls, which frequently happen in this month. Their flower-buds are now advancing apace ; therefore, if you deiire to have large and beautiful flowers, it will be of much advantage to bellow the care of covering them in bad weather, and they will blow in their true perfedlion. Let the hoop-arches be continued over the beds, as men- tioned iif the former month, and every night, and at all times when the weather is frofty, and in exceifive cold rains, &:c. fr.arp cutting winds, and very cold nights, let the mats be drawn over the hoops. In mild days let them be conllantly uncovered, that they may enjoy the free air; and moderate fhowers of rain will do them no harm, but will be ferviceable. U the hoops which are fixed acrofs the beds, are low and too near the fiowers, when advanced in growth, they ihould be removed, and taller hoops Ihould be fixed acrofs in their places. Hyacinths, Hyacinths will now begin to advance apace, if the flower-ftems are tall, and the fpike of flowers large and heavy ; you Ihould therefore prepare fome flicks to fup- pcrt their fiower-ftems, for the large double flowers being heavy, the ftalk alone is not able to bear them up. Let a fmall neat flick be fixed in the ground near every plant, and let their flower-ftalks be brought clofe, and fattened thereto neatly with fome foft tying. Planting Ranunculujand Ane moms. Plant, if required, fome ranunculufes and anemones ; they will blow and make a fine appearance in May and<^ June, after the early planted ones are gone. In dry wea- ther. Mar.] Flower Garhtfit. rjj ther, let the beds be frequently watered after the plants are up, and they will flower tolerably ftrong. Solving 'various Kinds of jihrous-rooted perennial and bien^ nial Plants. Perennial and biennial flower-feeds, of moft kinds, may be Town any time this month. It is to be obferved, that thefe kinds do not flower the fame year they are fown ; but all the forts of them will flower ftrong, and in the greatell peifedion, the year after. As every one may not knt>w the meaning of perennial and biennial plants, we will here explain it. The peren- nial plants are thofe which continue many yea/3, fuch as^ everlafling fun-flower, perennial afters^. &c. The b^ien«- nials are thofe that are only of two years duration, being fown one year, and flower and perfed their feeds the next, and foon after die; fuch as the French honey-fuckle, Canterbury bell-flower, &c^ The kinds proper to be fown now, are carnations, pinks, fweet-williams, wall-flowers, and flock JuIy-flowers;> of all forts, Sow alfo Angle rofe-campion, catch-fly , fcarlet lychnis, columbines, Greek valerian, fcabioufeS;^ and Canterbury bells. The feeds of hollyhocks, French honey-fuckles, helle* bore, honelly or fatin-fiower, tree-primr-ofe, fnrubby mal- low, broad-leaved campanula, and fox gloves, with feeda Qtf moft other forts of perennial and biennial plants, may now be fown. For an account of the various forts to be raifed from feeds, fee next month, and The Catalague of P lams at the- end of the book. All the above, and otiier hardy perennial flower feeds^. are to be fown in beds of light earth in the open ground. Dig a fpot for them in a warm fltnation, but not in any Ihady place: divide the ground into bed^ three or four feet wide, and the beds into as many parts as you- have kinds of feeds; fow them thin, and each kijid feparate, and \^t them be covered properly with earth; the larger feed half an inch-, and the fmallerfeeds abouC a q-U-art^r of an inch deep ; or may be raked in evenly. Butin fowing thefe kinds, or any other ibrts ofperennial fiovver-feeds, yoa may draw Ihailow dxiUs ta fow them in^ H 5. propor- 1 54 The P l e a s u r e^ or [Mar* proportioning the depth of the drill to the fize of the par- ticular feeds, fo that each kind can be more regulai^iy co- vered with the proper depth of earth it requires ; but, al- though this pradice is very proper for tlie larger kinds of feeds, fuch as hollyhocks, &c. yet the fmaller feeds may be fown by broad-caft on the (urface of the beds ; then tread in the feeds, and rake the ground fmooth. Or 5^0 u may pradlife the following method: fiift rake the fur- face of the bed fmooth, then, with the back of the rake, turn the depth of a quarter, or half an inch of eart^?, equally cff the furface of the beds into the alley ;• then fow the feed, and, with the teeth of the rake, draw the earth back again evenly over the feed. When the weather is dry, fprinkle the beds frequently with water, but efpecially when the plants begin to ap- pear, and the plants will be fit to be pricked out in May June. For it mu.^ be obferved, that all the r.bove, and other perennial and biennial plants rat fed from feed, are to be tranfplanted, firil pricking them out from .the feed-bed about the end of May, and in June, (fee thefe months,) and then, about Michaelmas, to be tranfplanted to where they are to remain to flov/er. Dig the Bordcvs^ Dig fuch borders or other parts of this gard^rr, as are not yet done, and rake them fmooth ; they will then be ready to receive the feeds of annual flowers, and plants erf others ; bef.ies, they will appear freih and neat. ^ranf pi anting Perennial Plants. Where there are vacancies in any of the beds, borders^ or other parts of this garden, they may now be filled up with jnanv diiierent kinds of fiower plants, which wiil yet fuccee'd, if planted foon in the month. 1'he principal forts proper to plant now, are lychnifes,. rofe-campions, rockets, catchfly, campanulas, carnations, pinks, and fvveet-wiiliaras, both double and fmgle ; ba- chelors-buttons, and double fever-few ; golden-rod, pe- rennial fun-flowers, perennial afters, and French honey- fuckles ; alfo columbines, Canterbury bells, monks-hood, fox-gloves, tree-primrofes, and moil: others of the like fort. Sec the Flovjer Garden for September, All Mar.] Flower Garden. 155 AH the nbove plants will take root in a fliort time, and. If you fupply them with water now and then, in dry wea- ther, till Ireih-rooted, they will all of them flower this fcafon. Plant alfo dwarf fibrous-rooted flowers, where wanted, in the borders ; they will take root freely, and in a little time. Such as polyanthufes, auriculas, double daifles, double chamomile, London pride,- violets, hepaticas, thrift, primrofes, and gentianella ; and any other of the like kinds (fee September) will fuccced well, if planted at the beginning of this month. Give them fome water when firfl planted, and at times till they are well rooted, and they will grow fieely. Hoe and rake the Borders. Loofen the furface of thofe beds or borders which were dug and planted with flowers of any kind lafl autumn, or any time fince. Let this be done in a dry day, and with a fmall hoe, flir- ring the earth carefully between the plants, taking care of the flioots from bulbous roots, Scz. which are now juil peep- ing through the furface ; then let the beds or borders be neatly raked; and, as you go on, clear away all decayed leaves which appear about any of the plants, and lot the whole be cleared from weeds and every fort of ru'bbilh. By thus loofening the furface of the borders, the firll growth of feed-weeds will be prevented, and it will greatly promote the growth of the flowers, and the borders will appear clean and agreeable to look at. Pruning Shrubs and dig the Clumps in the Shrubbery. Finifli pruning all forts of flov/ering-ihrubs and ever- greens which require it, obferving the direclions of the two former months. Dig the ground in the clumps or borders between flowering-flirubs and evergreens, if not done in the for- mer months. Let it be done at the beginning of this month ; which will help the plants greatly, and the ground being turned up frdh, the plants wiU fliew themfelveo H S Flaniinz 156 The Pleasure, or [Mar. Planting deciduous Flo'wering-^hruhs ^ ornament al^ and Fo^ reji -Trees. Where deciduous fiowering-fhrubs, or trees are want- ed in any part of this garden, they may now be brought in and planted, for moft forts will yet fucceed. Such as the althaea- frutex, fpirseas, fyringas, rofes, gelder-rofe, honey-fuckles, arbor Jude^e, jafmines, com- mon lilac, Perfian lilac, mezereons, tacamahacca, labur- nums, hypericum-frurex, bladder-nut, furaach, candle- berry myrtle, dog-wood or euonymus, Virginia dog- wood, double-flowering cherry, dwarf-almond, and all other kinds of hardy flowering-lhrubs, may flill be plant- ed. For a more particular account of the different forts, fee Tbe Catalogue of Shrubs at the end of the book, and in the work of No'vember. Finifh making plantations of all fuch deciduous, orna- mental, and fireil-trees as are intended; moil forts may Hill be fuccefsfully removed ; but it is advifeable to com- pleat it as foon as polTible. See The Catalogue of decidu" cus Trees, See Foreji-Trees, page 133. Tranfplanting E'vergreens* Evergreens of moft kinds may be planted any time this month, where required; they will take root fooner now than at any other time of the year. Particularly the arbutus, or ftrawberry-treee, magnolias, ^d bays, the evergreen fpindle-tree, or euonymus, pyra- cantha, phillyrea, and alaternus, may be tranfplanted any time this month, when the weather is mild. Plant alfo, where wanted, laurels, Portugal laurels, laurufVinus, .evergreen oak, hollies, and yews; alfo cytifus, and cif- tufes, with any other of the like kinds of evergreen jSirubs or trees. The ce.dars of Libanus may be likewife tranfplanted aoy time in this month, as alfo pines and firs of all forts, cyprefs, junipers, arbor vitse, and favin. All other forts of evergreen fhrubs and trees may like- •wife be fafely tranfplanted at this feafon. For a lift of thcfe various forts, iee Q^ober, ox The Catalogues at the end of the book. Dire^ions Mar.] Flower Garden. 157 Dire5lions for planting all forts of Shruhs. Let all the flowering and evergreen fhrubs, ornamental trees, &c. dcfigned for the flirubbery, be planted at fuch diilances that they may not crowd each other, as they grow up; for they always fhew themfelves beft when they ftand at fome diilance from each other. Shrubs of ail kinds defigned for detached clumps particularly, fhould be planted at fuch diftances, that there may be good room to dig the ground between them, and alfo to hoe and clean it, when wanted. Let all tree kinds be alfo allowed proper room propor- tionable to their refpeclive growths, and according whe- ther they are defigned for open or clofe plantations, or clumps, groves, avenues, or thickets, &c. In planting fnrubs and trees of every kind, let all con- venient expedition be made in doing it, fo that they may- be planted as foon as poiTible after they are taken up, or brought from the nurfery, or elfewhere, that their roots may not be dried by the fun and vyind ; but when the fhrubs are broaght from any diHance, and cannot be im- mediately planted, untie the bundles, and lay the roots in a trench, and cover them with earth, to lie till the places allotted for them are ready to receiv^e them. In preparing for planting, obferve to dig open a round wide aperture for each Ihrub and tree, capacious enough to receive the roots freely, and let them be of a proper depth, and loofen the bottom well. The holes being ready, bring the flirubs, and prune off broken or bruifed roots ; and then place them in the hole upright, break the earth well, and throw it in equally about- their roots, and let them be covered a proper depth, fhaking the plant gently as the earth is filled in, to caufe it to fettle clofe between all the roots and fibres ; and tread it moderate- ly, to fix the plants firmly in an upright pofition ; making the top of the earth hollow, like a bafon, round each' fhrub, to hold water when given in dry weather; and lay fome mulch, or litter, on the furface, round the tree, to preferve the earth moifl: about their roots, particularly to the more curious forts ; and if they are watered as foon as planted, it will fettle the earth about all the roots more elFeclually, and promote their frelh rooting. Immediately after planting, fix flakes to fuch as require fupport, and let them be faftened thereto, Planting 15^ The Pleasure, or' [Mar. Planting Ro/es. -Rofe-trccs of mofl forts may ftill be removed. Thofe that are planted any time this month, will pro- duce flowers the farne year ; but the fooner they are plant- ed the better they will take root, and the ftronger they will flower. But curious perfons often plant thefe ihrubs late in the feafon, in order to have a late bloom. I have planted them in April and May, and had them flower in Augull and September. Planting Edgings for Beds or Borders. Plant box-edgings, it will take root foon, and grow free enough, provided you v/ater it a few times. Where there are any gaps in the former planted edgings, let them now be made good ; for ragged and uneven edgings have a dif- agreeable look. Thrift, if neatly planted, makes pretty edgings to borders, or flower-beds, and is by fome much efteemed for that purpofe, both for its evergreen prope-i ty, and as a pretty flowering plant in fummer. Plant this, where required, the beginning of the month, by the method direvTted in the former planting months, and water it at times, in dry weather, till it is well rooted. Pinks may likewife be planted for edgings ; and to fach perfons as fell the flowers, it makes a very profit- able ecl^ging. Double-daifies, London-pride, &c. are alfo fometimes ufed for edgings, as obferved lail month ; but thefe plants too foon fpread out of bounds. Piant Hedges: Finidi planting hedges, where intended, as early in the month as poillble ; it may llill be performed both in ever- greens and tlie late iliooting deciduous kinds. See Z>£- cemher. Clean the Plcafure Garden^ Every part of this garden fliould be now well cleaned^ and put into the befl order. Keep the grafs-walks and lawns perfedly clear from vvorm-cill?, for thefs appear unflghtly, and fpoil the grafs. Wliere Mar.] Flower Garden. i ^^ Where fuch appear, let them be broken and fpread about with a taper pliable a(h-pole, and kt the grafs be afcerwards \v£ll rolled, by which means you will be able to mow it cljfe and even. Grafs will now begin to grow apace, if the weather Is mild ; therefore let the walks or lawns be mowed in good time, before the grafs is rank; otherwife you cannot cut it clofe, fo as to have a fihe and even bottom, being care- ful in this firft mowing to c-ut as clofe and regular as poffi- ble without fcoring ; for nothing looks more unfightly. Let the edges of the walks or lawns be all neatly cut even and regular now, with a fharp edging iron; it will add greatly to the neatnefs of them. Layi7ig Turf. . New grafs-vv'alks or lawns may Hill be made, any time this month. Turf will grow freely if laid now, provided it is laid down foon after it is, cut. It fhould be well beat after it is laid, and well rolled afrcr heavy fhovv;.>rs of rain, which will render the farface fmooth and firm. Or in default of turf for laying walks, lawns, cvrc. may fov/ it with grafs.-feed, preparing the ground level, firn>, and even, equally in every part fmoothing the furfice ; then fow the feed thickly, rake it in v/ith a wooden rake lightly, and diredly roll the furface fmooth, or when the ground is dry. Gvai:el-JValks. Gravel-Vv'alk^ fhould now be kept perfeflly clean from weeds, and fuiter no fort of litter to lie upon them. Roll the walks well twice every week, when the weather will permit; by which means they will be firm, the fur- face v/ill be fmooth, agreeable to walk upon, and have a neat appearance. Nov/ is the time to begin to turn gravel-walks where the furface is dirty, or overgrown with mofs, or full of fmall weeds. By turning the gravel, the mofs and weeds will be deilroyed, and the v/alks will appear as frelh as when firft made. Such gravel- walks as were broken up and laid in ridges,, the beginning of winter, fhould now be levelled down, and put into their proper form, about the middle or latter end of this month, or beginning of next. But i6o The Pleasure, ^r [[Man But this ridging of gravel-walks, in winter, is the moll ill looking, and unaecelTary contrivance, that ever was introduced into a garden, though a common cullom smong gardeners. There is, I think, in this pra/ iL Planting Foreji-trees. Foreft-trees of all forts may ilill be removed, but any general plantation of thefe ihould be mollly performed in autumii or winter, or early in fpring; that is, anytime ift open weather, from October to November, until Fe- bruary. For the various forts of foreft- trees, fee December » In planting foreft-trees for timber plantations, allow them the proper dirtances for the purpofes intended ; if for clofe plantations, or by way of coppices of underr- wood for gradual thinning and falling for poles and . other fmall purpofes, every feven, eight, or ten years, &c. may plant them in ciofe rows, only four, five, or fix feet dillance; and when they have attained the above- mentioned growth, from the time of planting, proper for the firft thinning, felecfc the handfomeft plants at regu- lar diilances to Hand for timber, and thin the reft ; but when defigned to have the whole ftand for a full planta- tion of large ilandards before any is tinned, plant them at ten or fifteen feet dillance. [ i62 ] The Nursery. Graf ling* C"1 RAFT apples, pears, plums, cherries, «^c. this be- X ing the principal feaibn for doing that work. Having procured grafts of the proper kinds, as men- tioned lad month, a iharp knife, fome new bafs, and a proper quantity of well-wrought clay, proceed to the Work the beginning of the month, and let the fame me- thod be praclifed . now as mentiont-d in the work of the Nurfery lail month. Ma/!ag£m??it of Fridt-irecs grafted and budded laji Tear, ^The fruit-trees which were grafted and budded.a year ago, IhouM now have their fhoots, which were made lail fummer, fnortened, that they may fend forth Literal Ihoots or branches, to form a regular head near the itock. See the Fruit Garden of this month and February. Let this be done juft as the Ihoots begin to pu(h, fliort- ening them to four or five eyes. The Hocks which were budded the laft fummer, fhould now have their heads cut off, a little above the budded part; by which m.eans the whole nourifhment will go to the bud. Having a fharp knife, cut the head of the flock ofF fioping behind the bud, eitlier almofl clofe thereto, or about a hand's breadth above it ; which part of the Hock remaining above, will ferve to which to tie the firil ihoot from the bud in fummer, to fecure it from the wind, but mull be cut down clofe next fpring. See lafl month, and the article of Budding in June. . Solving Seeds of deciduous Trees and Sbruhs. Now is the time to fow the feeds of many forts of hardy deciduous trees and fhrubs. For an account of the various forts which may be raifed from feed, fee JpriJ. And as moll of the feed-fliops are now generally well furniflied with many forts of exotic and other tree and fhrub feeds, every year, from Ame- rica and other parts; whoever may be inclined to raile any of the forts from feed, may be fupplied with the forts they dcfire from the above Ihops. The Mar.] The NuRSER^^ i6^ The method of fovving the h::rdy kinds is eaiy enough ; nnd many Ibrts of them will grow freely with very little trouble. Dig a fpot for them where the ground is dry, and of a locfe ^texture, and in a iituation not too much expcfed ; 2nd let the earth be peifeilly well broke;), and make the furface level ; then divide the piece into beds three feet and a half wide. Sow the feeds of each fort in its fepa- rate fpot, or plant them, as ycu fee it moi\ convenient, according to the kinds and fizes c; the diffe.-ent feeds ; and cover them with fine light earth, taking care that each (ort, according to its fize, be covered a proper depth ; fome half an inch, and others an inch, or two inches deep, according to the fize of the feeds, fruits, or nuts.^ In cry weather let the beds be frequently fprinkied with water J 'and when the fun is hot, a little lliading with mats will be ferviceable to fome of the motre curious and d».licate forts. Propagating Trees and Shrtths hy C tidings. Trees and ihrubs of many kinds may be propagated f om cuttings ; this is a good feafan to plant tiiem. Dig a fpot for them where the ground is fomewhat moiil, and not ftiif; let the earth be well broken with the fpade, and rake the furface fracoth : then divide the piece into as many parts as you have kinds of cutt'ngs to plant. Take off the cuttings with a (harp knife, from the trees or flirubs you want to increafe j let them be of the lafl fummer's Ihoots, cutting them off from aboutfix or eight, to twelve or fifteen inches long, according as you can find them proper for your purpofe : and plant them in rows, each cutting about half way in the ground, and clofe the earth well about them. In dry v/eather let them be watered twice a week, and keep them perfeftly clear frorii v/eeds. The cuttings of moil kinds of hardy trees and flirubs, that fucceed by this method, may iHll be planted, where not done in autumn or laft month. For an account of the principal forts which m.ay be raifed by this method, fee the Nurfery in Qdober* So'vjijig hardy e~oergreen Shrub and Tree Seeds. The feeds of moll kinds of evergreen trees and fiirubs may now be fown j fuch as the cedarof Lebanon, pines, firs, cyprefs^ 164 The Nursery. [Mar. cyprefs, juniper, &c. this being the proper feafon to fow thele and the like kinds. Dig a fpot of light earth for thefe feeds, and divide it into fmall beds; few the feed therein, each fort by itfelf, and cover them with light earth, about half an inch. Watering and fnading the beds in dry hot weather will be very neceffary. It will of great fervice if you do it while the plants are young. The flravvberry-tree, or arbutus, itiay be raifed from feed; and this is the feafon to fo.v it. But the moft certain method is to fow this feed in a hot-bed. The method is this : fill fome fmall pots with frefh light earth ; fow the feed therein, and Cover it near half an inch ; then plunge the pots to their rims in a hot-bed. Sprinkle the pots frequently with water, and when the plants appear, they fliould have a great deal of free air. Thefe feeds wHl alfo grov/, if you fow them in a bed of natural earth, but not fo expeditioufly, nor fo certain. The acorns of evergreen oak may be fown now ; alfo the feeds of phillyrea and bays, and other evergreens, ia beds of light earth, and cover the acorns about an inch, and the others about half an inch deep. For a further account of the different forts of evergreens, which may be raifed by feed, fee the Nur/ery next month, and Tibe Catalogue of Trees and Shrubs at the end of the book. ^ran/planting young Trees and Shruhs, Mod forts of young trees and ihrubs, both deciduous and evergreen kinds, may ftill be removed, either from the feed-bed, or other compartments where they Hand too tlofe, and require planting out in wide nurfery rows. In tranfplanting the various forts in nurfery-rows, fome of the fmaller kinds may firft be bedded out in clofe rows from iix to twelve inches diftance, fuch as the cedars, pines, firs, and fuch like evergreens, &c. but the larger feedling plants, &c. fhould be planted in wide rows two feet and a half afunder, and the plants placed from about twelve or fifteen inches, to half a yard didant in each line. Watering after tranfplantation may be neceffary in late planting, to fome of the tenderer evergreens. Likcwifat Mar.] The G r e e n-H o u s e. 165 Likewife to fome of the more delicate forts, it may be proper to lay fome mulch, or feme fcrt of long liiter, on the furface, to prevent the fun and wi^d from drying the earth too much about their roots. Weeding SeeMinr Trees and Shruhi^ Look over the feed-beds of yonng trees and fhrubs ; if weeds appear on them, let them he carefully picked out by hand in time, before they mix their roots with thofe of the plants. Wa'.ering Seedling Tress y Cifr. In dry weather it will be proper to refL-efli the feed-beds of young trees and fhrubs, with water, now and then -, a little at each time will do. Vines of all forts may be propagated by cuttings j this is now a proper feaf.)n to plant them. The cuttings muft be fhoots of the laft fummer's growth, and if cut from the vines in the former months before the fap flows confiderably, and preferved in dry earth till now, it may be of advantage ; let each be Ihortened to ten or twelve inches, leaving only three eyes or buds to each cutting ; plant them in .rov/s half a yard afunder, and eight or ten inches aparr in the rows, placing each cutting with two of the buds in the ground, the other out, ap- pearing only a little above the furface. Give them water occafionally in dry weather, and they will take root freely, and make fome fhoots at top the fame year, and become tolerable plants by next autumn. The vine may likevvii'e be propagated by layers of the young fnoots and branches, which will readily emit roots. The Green-House. OPEN the green-houfe windows every mild day, that the plants may enjoy the frefn air freely, for now they require that necelfary article. When there is a fharpfroft, cutting winds, or a very cold air, the windows fhould be kept clofe j for fuch weather would ruin l66 The Green-House. [Mar. ruin fome of the tender kinds, and would be of bad coii- fcquence to all. Keep the \v':^dovvs clofe every night. Look over tiie tubs or pots every other day, and k<^ where water is wanting, and let fuch as require it be i up- plied therewith, taking care to ufe moderation in that cafe. Water will be ferviceabie to moil of the plants, but efpecially to all the woody kinds, if you iipply it in due time, and in moderate quantities, and they vs'ill now require it frequently. But be fure not to give them too much water at a time, for that would prove the dellruiSiion of many kinds, and would be prejudicial to the plants in general,efpeciallywhi!e they are conhnedinthegreen-houfc. Keep every plant in the houfe free from decayed leaves ; that- is, where fuch appear, let them be immediately picked off; for thefc, if permitted to remain, would prejudice the health of the plants ; befides, they appear difagreeable. If any decayed or mouldy llioots appear on any plants, cut them clean off to the firm live word. Where dull:, or mouldinefs, or any f3rt of filth appears on the leaves of the plants, let them be cleared therefrom ; that if the leaves of the oranges, lemons, and other large- leaved kinds are foul, have a fpunge dipped in water, cleaning the leaves therewith, one by one, and kt the fmall-leaved forts be cleaned by watering out of a water- ing-pot all over their heads. Heading Orange or Lemon-trees, Where any orange or lemon-trees have decayed, or ir- regular unfightly heads, it will now be proper to head them down as direfted laft month ; at the fame time, cither give a little freih earth at top of the pot, &c. or ihift them out of the pot or tub, with the ball of earth about the roots, in order to replace them again with fome frelh earth ; by which means they will flioot out with greater vigour, fo as to appear with full and handfome heads, by the end of July. Prep-are for this purpofe a proper quantity of frefh earth ; let this be broken well with the fpade, and lay it ready near the grcen-houfe. Then bring out the trees, and prune their heads as you fee convenient, and cut out all dead wood. 4 When Mar.] The Green-House. 167 When this is done, either loofen the earth at top of the pots or tubs, and a litile way down round the fides, taking out the loofened mould, and fill up with frelh compoll ; or it may be more beneficial if the tree be taken out of its pot or fub, preferving the ball of earth about the roots entire, as above oblerved ; then with a knife pare awr.y from the bottom and fides all the matted and mouldy roots, with part of the old earth, equj lly round the fide cf the ball ; this done, put fpme freili earth in the. bottom of the pot, or tub, and immediately replace the tree, and fill up round the ball with more earth, bringing it at leail an inch over the top of the ball. Give a moderate watering, as foon as they are either frefh earthed or fhifted, to caufe the earth to fettle cloib about the roots. Then return the trees to their places, in the green- houfe, and let them be refrefhed with water frequently ; but let this be given in fmall quantities, juft enough to keep the earth about the roots a little moift. When they are brought out of the houfe for the fummer feafon, let them be placed in a Ihady fituation, and fupply them well with water in dry weather. But fuch orange-trees, and whofe heads are in a very weak or fickly condition, fhould be treated, if polfible, as directed for fuch trees in the work of the Green-hou/e lafl month. Heading dotvn Myrtles, AVhcre myrtles have decayed branches, or the heads are nnfightly, let them alfo be headed down, more or lefs, as it fliall feem proper, and either Ihift them into fDme frefh earth', as direded above for the oranges, or let fome of the earth be taken off the top of the pots, and round the fides ; then mi up the pot with £efh earth, and water them. Thefe trees, with this management, will break out again very freely, and will, in four or five months time, be well furnifhed with entire new heads. Supply them duly with water. S-hifiifrg Plants that ivant it, into large Pots. Any of the oranges, lemons, or myrtles, or other green-houfe plants, that want larger pots, may be fhifted into them any time this month. When i68 The Green-House. [Mar. When you take them out of their pots, prefcrve the ball entire, but let all the matted or mouldy roots, on the outfide of the ball, be pared ofF with a Iharp knife ; then fet them in their new pots, and fill up the fpaces with freih earth. Water them immediately after this, and fet them in their place in the green-houfe, and they will fhoot freely both at top and root. Gi'vingfrejh Earth to the Pots of Green-houfe Plants. The oranges, and green-houfe plants in general, which " do not require fhifting, fliould at this time, if not done Lift month, have fome frefh earth added to the tops of their pots or tubs } it will encourage the plants greatly, and it is foon done. Firft loofen the old earth in the tops of the tubs, or pots, quite to the furface of the roots, but fo as not to difturb them, and loofen it alfo down round the fides, a little way; then take out the loof^ earth, and fill np the pots with fome that is new, and give them a moderate watering. SoiKj Excttc Tree-feeds. A hot-bed may be made the beginning of this month, to fow the feeds of tender exotic trees, or plants, either of the green-houfe, or flov.e kinds. The bed Ihould be made either of hot dung, or frefli tanner's bark, and covered v/ith frames and glaiTes ; or if made of hot dung", lay eight, ten, or twelve inches of tan bark at top, either new or old, in which to plunge the pots, &c. The feeds ihould be fown in pots of light earth, and the pots Ihould be plunged to their rims in the tan, and Ihould be moderately watered at times. Where tan cannot be obtained readily, make the bed of hot dung, preparing it firft as you do for other hot-beds ; then make the bed three feet high, fet a frame on, and when the great heat is over, lay on three or four inches of earth : then fill fome fmall pots with fine light earth ; fow the feeds in the pots, and cover them lightly with fifted earth ; then plunge the pots in the earth on the bed, and put on the glaffes. Let the pots in general be frequently fprinkled with water, and when the plants appear, let them have frefli air, by raifing the glaffes a little way, Obferve to keep 8 up Mar.] The Hot -Ho us L. 169 up the heat of tlie bed, by applying a lining of frelh hoc dung, when the heat declines much. Winter Cherry, or Amomum PliniL The winter cherry, or amomum Plinii, is much efteemed for its beautiful red fruit, which it bears in winter. This plant is eafily raifedfrom feed ; this is the feafon to few it, and the method is this : Fill fome pots with rich earth, fow the feed on the fur-- face, and cover it with light earth, about the third part of an inch ; then plunge the pots to their rims in a moderate hot-bed, and water them frequently. When the plants are come up, and about three inches high, they may be planted fmgly into fmall pots, and placed in a gentle hot-bed, where they will talting. Neiv - budded Trees. Look alfo over nevV-budded trees; that is to fay, thofe that were budded laft fummer ; they will now begin to Ihoot. Examine the young ihoots, and look, with a careful eye for infefts. if the leaves curl up, infeds are the caufe of it: and, if not prevented, will fpoil the fhobt. Let the curling leaves be carefully picked off; it will prevent the mifchief from fpreading farther. Suffer no (hoots to remain that come from the flock. Let them be taken off asoften as they fliootout, leaving nothing that may draw nourifhment from the bud, l^raiijbcrry-Beds. Strawberry-beds fhould now be kept perfeiiilly free from weeds. The lunners produced from the plants iho«ld alfo be kept conllantly cleared away as they advance. But where new plantations are wanted, fome of the bell run-s ners mull be fuffered to remain till June to form young plants, then to be tranfplanted, as directed in that month. Water the beds of fruiting plants frequently, in dry v/eather, for they will require it ; but efpecially when they are in bloom ; for. If they are not duly fupplied with that article, in a dry time, the fruit will be fmall, and not well tailed; there will alfo be but a thin crop. Early Fruits informing. Let the fame care be taken of the early fruits of al! kinds now ia forci«»g, as direded laft mo«th and Fe- bruary, The iQ.\. The Pleasure, or [Apr. The Pleasure, or Flowe'r Garden-. Tender awiual Flo-ojer Plants. MAKE a new hot-bed, wherein to tranfplant the bell kinds of the early annuals, which were fown in Fe- bruary, or beginning, or any time of March. Suchascocks-combs, tricolors, double balfams, and globe amaranthus, zgg plant, double ftramonium, fenfitive plant, and diamond ficoides, or ice plant. V/here thefe curious plants are required in any tolerable degree of perfedlion, they muft at this time, be brought forward, by the afiirtance of a regular and due degree of artificial heat under frames and glaffes : and where that is properly attended to, the plants will be large aud beau- tiful by the' end of June, .or beginning of July. Therefore, thofe tender annuals railed by fowing at the end of February, or any time lafl: month, fliould now have another hot-bed, in which to prick them to forward their growth as above ; or as directions are given in March, that fuch of thefe tender plants as were raifed the pre- ceding, or early in that month, be pricked out from the feed bed, into a new hot-bed, made for that purpofe, in which they being pricked three or four inches aiunaer, and which diftance being fufncient room, for them to grow, for about three weeks or a month, but not longer ; becaufe in that time the plants will be fo for advanced in their growth, as to interfere with each other ;^ and muft then be allowed a greater diilance, by removing them into ano- ther frefh bed, which may be made any time in this month, as you fhall fee occafion, in regard to the growth of the plants. Make the hot-bed, for the above purpofe, of the bell hot-dung, fuch as has been firH very v/ell prepared ; and let the bed be made full two feet thick, and fet a frame tl.erron. When the burning heat of the bed is over, lay in the earth; this muft be light and rich, not fifted, but very well broken with the fpade and hands, and muft be laid fix or {^\t\\ inches thick on every part ; and when the earth has been on the bed twenty-four hours, or thereabouts, it will then be in a right condition to receive the plants. The Apr.] Flower Garden. 195 The hot-bed being ready, then take up the plants very carefully ouf of their prefent bed, with a ball of earth, or as much as will conveniently adhere about their roots, and plant them in the new bed, about fix inches diiliant each way ; then give them a light watering, to feule the earth properly about their roots ; directly put on the glaiTes, and let the plants be fhaded from the fun till they have taken frefh root. This muft be done by throwing a fingle mat over the glafTes, at thofe hours when the fun is fo pow- erful as to occafion the plants to flag. Obferve to raife the glafTes a little way, every day, to let the ileam of the bed pafs freely off; and if there fhould be much fteaoi in the bed, let rhe glalTes be alfo raifed a little, at one corner, a-n'ights, and hang a mat before the place ; and when the plants have gotten root, and begin to pufh, let them have frelh air freely, every mild and calm day, for this wiU llrengthen them. The air is to be admitted to thefe plants, by raiiing the upper eiids of the lights a moderate height, with props : but mull be fhut down every night, provided there be no great fteam, and a mat or tv/o fprcad over them. Remember to refrefli the plants often with moderate vv^a- terings, for it v/ill greatly promote their growth. When the plants have advanced in height near to the ^lafles, then let the frame be raifed at bottom, about fiK : inches, in order to give them full liberty to fhoot ; and as the plants rife higher, continue to raife the frame accord- ingly, in the manner as direcled in the work of next month. At each time of raiting the frame, you muft obierve to clofe up the vacancy at bottom, which may be done by nailing mats to the bottom of the frame. For the particular method of managing the above frame, fee the work of May. Bat where there is the convenience of a multiplying drawing frame, for the purpofe of drawing combs and tri- colors, and other curious annual plants, to a due height,it will be a great advantage. This frame is compofcd of two, three, or more different frames, all made very exadtly the fame length and breadth;- and each about nine or ten inches deep, except the frame - for the glafTes, and that muft be twelve inches deep in front, and eighteen at the back. Thefe frames muft all be made to fit in a very exad manner, fo as to iix one on the top of K 2 another 196 The Pleasure, or [Apr. another ; and to appear, as it were, but one frame, when all are joined in that manner together. Thele frames are to be made ufe of in the following manners Begifi firft with the deepell frame ; then, when the plants have reached the glaffes, let the faid frame be taken up, and in its place, fet one of the others, and immediately fix the deepell frame upon that, as above. By the addition of this frame, there will be a fpace often inches more room for the plants to fhoot; then, when they have filled that fpace, let another frame be added; obferving, as above, to let the deepeft frame be always ^placed upper- moil, in order to receive the glalTes, As to thofe cocks-combs, tricolors, balfams, and the like kinds, which were fown in the middle or latter end of March, they will now be ready to prick out. They mull, in order to bring them forward, be pricked out upon a new hot-bed : therefore, let one be prepared for them, about the beginning, or middle of this month, making it about two feet thick of dung. Set.on a frame, and lay in five or fix inches depth of rich earth; then re- moving the plants from the feed~bed, prick them in this, at three or four inches dillance from each other ; then give them a very moderate watering, put on the glailes, and Ijiade the plants carefully from the fun, till they have taken good root. Let the glafles be raifed every day, as occafion requires, to let the lleam out, and alfo to admit frelh air to the plants, Thefe plants are to be managed, in every refpeft, as di- reded above for the early plants, of the fame kinds. Sonxing ten and clear away all decayed leaves from the plants : this done, fill up the pots again with fome rich, new compoft, and: then give the whole a gentle watering. The plants will receive great benefit from this dreffing ;, and where it was not done in March, it fliould not be put oiF longer than the beginning of this month. Or plants in fmall pots, or fuch as Hand in needof fhift— ing into larger pots and frefh earth, may flill have that work performed early in the month ; in doing which, turn, each plant out of its prefent pot with the ball of earth en- tire, trim the outfide roots, and pare away fome of the old earth, and having frefh mould in the new pot, place ther plant therein, fill up with more new earth, and give water. Remember, in dry weather, to fupply all plants in pots with., water: this is a material article, and fhould not be omitted.. Tranfplanting fibrous-rioted Perennial Plants, Where perennial plants are wanted in any part, they may. yet be planted : but this fhould be done the beginning of the month. The forts which will yet fucceed are,, goldenrods, Mi- chaelmas dailies, perennialafters, and perennial fun-flowers ;. alfo Canterbury bells, columbines, Greek valerian, fca- bioufes, campanulas, catch-fly, rofe campion, jockets, lych- K 5^ nifes. 502 The Pleasure, or [Apr. uifes, batchelors-buttons, fweet-wiiliams, pinks, carnarions, ■yvall-iiowers, hollyhocks, and French honeyfackles, peach- leaved bell-fiowcr, fox-glove, tree-primrofe, double fever- few, ^verlafting-peas, fraxinella, crimfon cardinai-ilower, double iadies-fmock, double ragged robin, and lychnidea. Likewife polyanthufes, primrofes, double daifies, double chamomile, thrift, London prid.e, gentianella, with moil other forts of the fibrous-rooted plants, may IHII be lafely removed. See the Catalogue. Let all the above, or any other fuch like kind of plants, be taken up carefully, with balls of earth about their roots, if polTibie, and plant them again immediately in the places where they are wanted, and water them. Repeat the waterings frequently in dry weather, and the plants will all flower this year, each at its refpedtive time of flowering. So%ving Perennials. Now fow fuch perennial and biennial flower-feeds as are intended to be fown this feafon. The forts proper to fow now, are wall- flowers, flock July flowers, fweet-wiiliams, columbines, campanula, tree-prim- rofe, and Greek valerian ; likewife holly-hocks and French Jioneyfucklesjwith the fmgle catch-fly, rofe campion, fcarlet lychnis, and the feeds ofmoft other fotts of hardy fibrous- rooted perennials, as are mentioned in the Catalogue 2iit\iQ -end of the book. Thefe feeds may either be fown on borders, or in three- foot-widc beds of rich earth, andrakedin, or covered evenly with earth : the largeft feed not deeper than half an inch, nor the fmaller lefs than a quarter, or the larger feeds may be fowed in drills. But for the particular method of fowing thefe feed?, fee the work of lail month. The beds wherein the above or any other forts of pel en- , nial flower-feeds are fown, muftbe frequently fpiinkled v/ith ♦ water in dry weather ; this fhould be pradifed both before ;< and after the plants are come up, by which means the plants will rife llronger, and grow away freely. Tuhcrofes, Plant fome tuberofes, in a hot-bed, or in a hot-houfe, the beginning of this month: they will fucceed thofe in bloom which were planted in March. I But Apr.] Flower Garden. 203 But if none was planted in that month, this now is a very good time to begin to put in fome of thele roots. Get fome good found roots, which muft be procured every fpring from the feed-fhops, when they come from abroad ; for ihefe roots are fjldom propagated in this coun- try, as they are too tender topfofper in the common ground, fo that there are great quantities imported every year from Italy. Having procured the roots, let the loofe outer ikins be taken off; and if there be any off-fets, let thefe be alfo taken away : then plant the roots in pots of rich light earth ; obferve to put but one root in a pot, and plant it about an inch below the fur face of the earth ; then fet the pots either in a moderate hot-bed, plunging them to their rims in the earth of the bed, or in a bark-bed of a hot-houfe. Sec. To thofe in a hot-bed admit only a fmidl portion of air into the bed, till the roots begin to fhoot ; and they mull have but very little water; till then water them m.oderately every other day, and admit freili air every day, by raifmg the glaiTes ; and as the ftems of the plants rife in height, the frame ihoiild be laifsd accordingly, that they may have full liberty to Ihoot ; for the ftems generally rife a yard or more high. Towards the middle or latter end of May, the glalTes may, in fine days, be taken entirely oft; which, hy admitting the free air> v/ill ftren-gthen the plants ,- but put them on every night, and alfo in the day-time, when the weather happens to be very wet or cold. But thofe as are placed in a hot-houfe, require no farther care than occafionai waterings^ and frefl-i air in common with the other plants of that department. Sec the Hof-Z^c^/e, Thofe roots which are planted now will begin to blow in July ; at which time the plants may be moved to where you think proper, either in the open air;, or into any apartment in the houfe; they will continue to flower for about a monih or fixv/ecks. Thofe who would propagate thefe roots muft obferve it is done by oft-fets from the main root, like other bulbs, ^hich may be feparated from the main roots, when out of the ground ; either when taken up at the decay of the ftalk and leaves in autumn, or in fpring, previous to their being planted again ; obferving the faid oiF-fets are to be planted in March, or the beginning of this month, in a bed of perfecliy dry and light -earth; and the bed to be iheltered with a common fr^ame and glafs, till about the K. 6 middle 204 The Pleasure, or [Apr. middle of May ; but in order to forward them more in their growth, you may make a flight hot-bed to plant them in at iirft; they are to remain till after Michaelmas, cbferving in dry weather to water them frequently, which will cau(e the roots to fwell. The roots are to be taken fip when their leaves decay, which will be in Oftober, or beginning of November ; obferving, that if the weather ihould prove very wet or frofty before that time, you muil again ihelter them as above. They muft be planted again in the following fpring, as above dire£led, and taken up at the decay of the leaves, and the year after they will produce flowers. Obferve to manage them as directed for the flowering roots. Care of Auriculas in bloom. Auriculas will now begin to blow; care mull therefcrre be taken to protect the curious forts in pots, from rain and wind, and alfo from too much fun. The farina or meally dull, which overfpread the furface ©f thefe flowers, contribute exceedingly to their luflre and beauly; this muft therefore be preferved upon them ; tiie - leaft Ihower of rain would eafily wafli it ofl"; it is alfo liable to be blown o:^-by \\it winds ; and the fun, if permitted to fhine freely on the flowers, would occafion them fopn to fade. Let the pots, therefore, as the flowers open, be imme- diately removed and placed on the flielves of the auricula ilage, or where the flowers may be protected occafionally from fuch weather as would deface the bloom. The iland, or ftage, fliould have from three to five or fix ranges of Jhelves, about fix inches wide, rifing theatrically one above another^ from the front ; having the back generally placed againft a wall, pale, or other building ; it muft be conftantly covered at top, but the front and tv/o ends mull only be covered occafionally. There ftiould be fome can- vas or mats faftened to the top of the front and ends, by way of curtain; this fliould be fo contrived,, that it may be readily let down and drawn up at pleafure. When the air is very fliarp, or in high winds,, or driving rains^ the curtain muft be let down at fuch times, to flieiter the flowers ; but when the weather is mild and calm, let the front be conflrantly open. The curtain fliould alfo be ufed occafionaily, to Ihadetlie flowers from the fun whea. it Apr.] Flower Garden. 205 it fhines fiercely. Obferve, in this cafe, to let the curtain down but j nil as low as neceiTary to fhade the plants, and no lower ; and never let the curtain remain longer down, than is abfolutely necefTary for the defence of the flowers. Watering mult likewife be obferved during the time the plants are on the llage ; let them therefore be examined, at leaft once every day, to fee where water is wanted j and let fuch pots as ftand in need of that article, be immedi- ately fupplied with it. In doing this, let no water fall on the flowers, for that would alfo wafti off the afore - mentioned farinaceous bloom, and greatly deface their beauty. Let the water be always given in moderate quantities. Keep the furface of the pots perfectly neat, free from- weeds and every fort of litter ; fufFer no decayed leaves to remain on the plants, but let fuch, as foon as they appear, be taken ofl^. By thus placing your auricula pots on a covered flage, it not only preferves the flowers much longer in beauty, but you alfo more readily view them, and they fliew themfelvei to much greater advantage than when placed on ths ground. Sa ving Auricula Seed for Propagation, Where it is intended to fave feeds from auriculas, let the flowers of which you would fave them be marked when they are in full bloom ; and having marked the flowers, let the pots be immediately removed ofl^the fliage, as foja as the flower begins to fade, and plunge them in a border where the plants can enjoy the morning fan freely, till about ten o-r eleven o'clock, but not longer. Water them often in dry weather, and fufi'er no weeds to grow in the pots or near them ; likewife take care that they are at no time too much fliaded with any large-grow- ing plants, but let them enjoy the free air, and the be- nefit of fhowers of rain. The feed will be ripe in the end of June, and in July, when you muA gather the feed-pods as they ripen, otker- wife the will foon fcatter upon the ground. Propagating Auriculas hy Slips^. Auriculas are alfo increafed by the flips or fuckers which rife from the roots and fides of the old plants ; and this is a proper time to take them off" and plant them. They 2o6- The Pleasure', or fApr^ They will now readily take root, and as the plants are' now in bicom,. you have the opportunity of -feeing the" fiowers, and taking the flips from the plants of thofe you like beft, obferving to flip them oiF clofe with as muchi root part as pofTible. Plant the flips either in" a fhady border, for two or threer months, then potted, or let each flip be planted fmgly,- m a fmall pot oi frefli earth, and fet the pors m a fhady place, and then give the whole a moderate watering; .re- peating it often in dry weather. The propagating the fe plants by flips is the only method to increafe the forts you like ; for the flips or fuckers, will pro- duce exaftly the fame kind of Piowers a^ thofe of the plants from whence they were taken ; which is not fo with the feedling plants ; for the principal intention of florifls by raifing them from feed, is to procure new forts ; for there = are always varieties obtained from feed, although there- may not be one like the flower from whence the ieed: was ikved ; and, perhaps, out of fome hundreds, very few that have the properties requifite for a real good flower; but thofe that are curious in flowers, are well fatisii^d with the acquifition of one or two nev/ flowers that have all tlie due properties; and, as above hinted, wh'en-ahy new flower is- thus obtained, the next care is to propagate it by the flips or fuckers which arife from the fide of the main plant. . Seea.'ing JuricuJas, ^jfc. Seedling auriculas, which were fov/n laft autumn, now demand attention ; thefe plants, when newly come up or while quite young, will fucceed befi if they have fome prcte£lion from the full fun when it is powerful: th^-y mufl therefore be fnaded from it occafionally. The boxe?, or tubs, wherein thefe plants are. growing, ihould be removed to the fnade, towards the latter end of this month : the place fhouid be open to the morning fun, till about nine or ten o'clock, but fliaded the reft of the day, and watered often in dry^weathei-. Note, Auricula feed may Hill be fown ; but it muft be done in the firfl or fecond week in this month. Such auricula plants as were raifed iafl')^ar from feed, will now many of them begin to flower, x^hen you fhculd examine them ; and fuch as produce the largeil flowers, and have good colours, fliould h.e marked and planted in pots for Itage flowers 5 but the plain flowers, that is, thofe Apr.] Flower Garde jt. 207 thofe that have but one ordinary colour, fnould be moftl/ planted in the borders, among other low flowering plants; and thoie which are planted in pots, Ibould in the follow- ing year's bloom be again examined, when you will be more able to judge of their properties ; and thofe of them that do not meric a place among ftage flowers, ihould be tranfplanted into the common borders; for none but fuck as are real good flowers, fnould be placed on the flage. Bahn of G lie ad. This is the tim.e to fow feeds of balm of Gilead ; thefe plants are of the perennial kind, and the items and leaves remain all the year if protetSled in winter ; are much efteemed for the agreeable fcent of their leaves, and make very proper furniture for the beds and borders of this garden ; their ftems rifmg two or three feet high, they make a handfome appearance. The feeds may be fown either on a hot-bed, or in a bed or border of natural eiirth, in a warm fituation ; but it will be molt advifeable to fow them on a moderate hot- bed, as the plants railed by this method will be brought greatly forv/ard in the fpring : they may be fown in any common hot-bed, obferving the fame method of fowing the feed, and managing the plants, as direded for the lefs- tender or hardier forts of annual plants fuch as China alter, India pink, African and French marigold, &c. The balm of Gilead may likewife be propagated by cut- tings of the ftalks, and that where there have been plants preferved in frames, oringreen-houf^s, all winter^ fome of them will have ftalks proper for that operation ; or, if they are not now furnifned with ftalks, they will have produced ftrong ones by the middle of June, when you ihould cut fome of the flrongeft off, and divide them into lengths of fix inches, and plant them either in large pots feveral in each, and may be placed in a hot-bed to expedite their rooting ; or, plant them in pots in the open air, in the fhade, or in a fliady border, four or five inches afunder, giving water- ings ; and they will readily take root, and be fit to tranf- plant in two months. When intended to preferve the plants all winter, they mull be potted in order to be placed either in a green-houfe, or in a garden frame, and defended occafionally with the -glaffes and other covering in fevcre weather. 'The 208 The Pleasure, (?r [Apr. The plants will, if proteded as above, continue green all winter* Planting E'vergreens* Evergreen fhrubs and trees of many forts, may yet be planted. But this fhould be done in the firll or fecond week in the month. The forts which will yet bear removal, are hollies, bays, and yews; laurel, Portugal laurel, and lauriftinus ; phil- lyreas, alaternufes, and pyracantha : cytifufes, andctftufes, of all forts; alfo the arbutus, or ftrawberry-tree ; evergreen calline, and magnolias ; likewife pines, firs, cyprefs, and junipers of all forts ; and cedars, &c. Open for each ihrub a wide hole, and let the bottom «f each hole be loofened to fome depth ; then pour a pot of water into each of them, and with your fpade let the water and the earth at bottom be well worked up together ; then bring in the plants, fet them upright ia the holes,, and let the earth be very well broken, and filled in about the roots. Whenall is in, tread it gently round the plant ;. then make the earth at top fome what hollow, in order to contain water. Where the plants can, be conveniently talten up, and brought with balls of earth about their roots, it fhould be done, placing them in the holes with the balls entire. When all is planted, give a good watering to fettle the earth about their roots ; then lay fome mulch on the furface round each plant ; this will prevent the fun and wind from drying the earth too fall about their roots. Stakes fliould be placed to fuch tall flirubs and trees as require fupport; and this fhould be done as foon as they are planted : let the flakes be firmly fixed in the ground,, and fallen the flem of the plant fee urely to them in an; upright diredion. FltTMering-Jhruhs. Where flowering- fhrubs are much wanted) they may yet: be removed ; but this mull be done in the firil or fecond. week of the month. The althea frutex, andPerfian lilac, will yet bear tranf- planting tolerably well : alfo the bladder and fcorpion lenas; honeyfuckles and jafmines ; fyringas and labur^ naii\s J and moft other hardy fhrubs and trees. Wlsca^ Apr.] Flower Garden". 109 When they are planted, water them well ; and repeat it once or twice, if the feafon lliould be dry. Propagating Foi.veri7ig-Jhruhs and Evergreens. For the methods of propagating flowering-fnrubs and evergreens, fee the work oiThe Flo^ujer-Garden and Nur/ery in March ; as alfo The Nur/ay of this month, Juney July, Ociobevy and No'vember. Management of Grafs-ivalksy l^c, Grafs-walks and lawns, and other pieces oi grzS^ in this garden, fliould be kept in perfe^fl good order. Roll them frequently, and let the grafs be regularl/ mown ; obferve to cut it always clofe, and as even as pof- fible : this fliould be particularly regarded; for when the lawns and walks are fo badly mown, that evtry flroke of the fcythe appears, they make a very difagreeable ap- pearance. To keep grafs in tolerable good order, it fhould be mown, in general, once a week, or thereabouts. However, never fuffer grafs in this garden to grow rank, but ap- ply the fcythe to it in a proper time : then the mowing may be performed with expedition and exaftnefs, and with greater eafe to the mower ; generally taking oppor- tunity of dewy mornings, as early as poflible, while the moiflure or due remains, for mowing of fhort grafs in gar- dens, otherwife it will be impoffible to mow it ciofe and even. Rolling of grafs-walks and lawns, &c. is a very necef- fary work, and it (hould be often done ; for it not only makes the furface firm, fmooth and clean, but it renders the grafs much eafier to be mov/n than it othenvife would be. Let the grafs be always well rolled the day before you intend to mow it, and you will reap the advantage of fo doing when you mow it the next morning. When worm-cafls appear on your grafs, let thefe firft be broken, and fpread a^out with a pliable pole, before you ufe the roller: when that is done, let the grafs be im- mediately well rolled with a wooden roller; and the worm-cafls being broken fmall, and fcattered about, they Will readily flick to the roller, provided it is done while they are fomewhat moiil. By this method the grafs will be made perfedly clean, and you will be able to mow it to a greater exadnefs, The '210 The Flea r,vREy cr [Apr. - The edges of the grafs-waiks fhould now be neatly edged, or cut even v/ith an edging iron, if emitted iait month; but this iho.uld now be pardcularly practifed to thofe edges next gravel-walks, and itiould always be done jull before the gravel is to be turned, or new laid down. Gravel-walks fhould now be broken up and turned, wher it was not done in March ; for it is now time to put them into the bell order for the fumrner feafon. ' By breaking up and turning gravel at this feafon, it will not only deilroy weeds and moftj but the walks wiH appear with a frefli and Tively furface, that will render them very agreeable both to the iight and to walk upon, during the fummer months. But, before you begin to lay or turn the gravel, tin edges of the walks, if they are ^e^afs, fhould be firil nearly pared, or edged even with an edging iron; or, if the fides are planted with box, it Ihould be gone over with the garden ihears ; and, • if there be borders n^xt the walks, they fhould alfo be neatly dug, or cleaned, and the furface raked fmooth, and you will then proceed in a workman- like manner ; for v/hen the edgings are trimmed, and the borders put into proper order, it is a very great addition to the beauty of the walks. In turning and laying gravel-walks, let the fame me- thod be obferved now as mentioned in the former month ; that i-^, to do it in dry weather ; and as you advance with. the turning, or laying the gravel, obferve to tread, rake> and roll the fame regularly as you go oi\ ; this Ihould be done every twenty or thirty feet, for gravel always binds a great deal the beft when it is frelh ftirred ; the roller will then have the greater efFe and tied neatly to tliem j kt the ends of the tyings be alfo cut cfF clofe. The fticks (hould be well proportioned to the natural -height of each plant; for it looks ill to fee a tali Hick fet for the fupport of a plant of low growth. Take off all Ilraggling and broken llioots from the plants of every kind, and let decayed leaves be cleared away whenever they appear. ^ DeJIrcy Weeds. Deftroy weeds in every part before they grow large; they will now rife plentifully, in the borders^ or other parts, among the proper plants. . , Let thefe be deilroyed by the hoe or hand, as it is mofi: convenient; but where the. plants iiand wide, let. the hoe be ufed, it being the moft expeditious methods ^ ^ Let your hoe be fharp ; take the advantage of a dry -,day to ufe it, cutting the weeds up clean within the fur- face j and let every part between the plants be ilirred ; 212 The Nursery. [-^pi** and as you go on, let all dead leaves and Ilraggling ilioots be taken off. Then rake the borders. Sec. over neatly, with a fmall rake : clearing away, at the lame time, all the weeds and litter, and let the I'urface be made perfedly clean and fmooth. The Nursery. Seivt»g EvergreenSy Flotverlftg-^rubs, and Tree-feeds. FINISH rowing the feeds of evergreens and all other tree and flirub-feeds, which are intwaded to be fown this fpring. The forts which maybe fown now, are pines and firs of all kinds } cedars, cyprefs, junipers, and bays ; alfo the acorns of evergreen oaks, and the feeds of moft other hardy evergreens. All the above, and other feeds of the li'ke kinds, may be fown in beds of light earth in the common ground; ibme people choofe to low the cedars, and alfo the pines, in boxes or pots, for the conveniency of moving them to different fituations, according to the feafon of the year. The feeds of the arbutus, or ftrawberry-tree, may llill be fown in the beginning of this month. Moft other kinds of hardy tree and fhrub feeds, both of our own growth, or from America and other foreign parts, may alfo ftill be fown this month, but the fooner in the month this is done the better. All thefe feeds of moft forts of hardy flirubs and trees, '^both of the evergreen and other kinds, may be fown in beds of light earth, in the common ground ; and they will fucceed ; choofing, for their reception, a moderately light, pliable foil. Prepare beds to fow them in, about three feet broad j the earth muft be broken fine, and the furface laid per-' fedly even. Note, if f:;me of the more tender, or choicer kind* of thefe fhrub and tree feeds were to be fown in pots». and the pots plunged into a moderate hot-bed, it wouick forward tiieir growth ; and where a hot-bed can be readily^ obtained, I would advife this pradice, for fome of the ytry hard-feeded or nut kind of the more tender fbrts : but Apr.] The Nursery. 273 but where there is not that conveniencyr 'et them be Town in beds, as above, in tne common ground ; and there are but few forts, efpeciaily of the European, and North American feeds, that will not fucceed. Sow the feeds feparate, and cover each kind, accord- ing to its fize, a proper depth, with light earth, from about half an inch, to one or two inches deep. ^he Management of Beed-heds» Water occafionally the feed-beds of all kinds of trees and rtirubs, in dry weather ; but this mull be pradlifed, both before and after the plants begin to appear. Obferve at all times to water thefe beds with modera- tion ; a little and often mull be the rule. Likewife be very careful not to apply the water over haftily at any time, for that would be apt to wafh the earth away from the feed, and alfo from the young plants now beginning to come up ; and to the more curious and delicate forts, let the refrelhments of water be repeated once every two or three days, at leail, in dry weather ; for this will be of great, fervice to all fuch kinds of feedling plants. Shade will alfo prove very beneficial in the middle of hot funny days, to many of the choice kinds of feedling trees and fhrubs, about the time of their firft appearing, and for fome time after. Thefe young plants may be fhaded from the fun occa- fionally, by fixing hoops acrofs the beds ; then let mats be drawn over the hoops as often as occaiion requires. Where there are boxes, pots, or tubs, of feedling plants, let them be placed in a Ihady fituation, about the middle, pr towards the latter end of this month, where they may have the morning fun only. All beds of feedling trees and fhrubs whatever, mull be kept perfeftly clear from weeds. This fhould be carefully attended to, for the^rweeds are much quicker of growth than the plants of any fort, an4 would foon get the Hart of them, if permitted to Hand, and would do much damage. Therefore let the weeds, as foon as they appear in the beds, be dcflroyed ; or at leaft, let them be taken out before they get to any great liead ; but this mull be done by a very careful hand- weeding. Water'' 214 The ISuRSERY, D'^pi"* Watering. Water new plantations of the tenderer kinds of ever- greens, and fiovvering-flirubs, &c. but in particular, thofe which were lately planted out from the feed-beds; thefe muil not be forgotten in dry weather. Once a week will be often enough to water any new plantations, even in the dridl feafon, and to thofe that are but lately planted ; but fuch as have been planted in autumn, or early in the Spring, will require but very little Avatering. Cuttings, either of fi^uit or foreft-trees, flowering fhrubs, or evergreens, which were planted laft autumn, or this fpring, muil alfo be watered now and then, in dry weather Trauf planting. Evergreens, of molt forts, feedlings, and others, may yet be tranfplanted ; but this fliould be done at the begin- ning of this month. Pines and firs of all kinds, cedars and cyprefs, and the like kinds, will yet bear removal very well. Likewife phillyreas, alaternufes, and pyracantha; alfo bays, hol- lies, and evergreen oaks ; cillufes and cytifufes j and many other forts of evergreens. I'hey fhonld be planted in nurfery-rows ; which for fmall feedlings, may be in rows from fix to ten or twelve inches a^'under ; but for larger plants, fet them in rows two feet and a half, or a yard diilance, and fifteen or eighteen inches in the row. As foon as they are planted, it will be of much adva tage to give a good watering, to fettle the earth abc. their roots. Likewife any deciduous fhrubs, and trees, of the late- fhooting kinds, that require thinning out or tranfpliait- i-ng, may alfo flill be removed, performing it as early in the month as pofiibie, planting them the above-mentioned diftance in the nurfery rows. * For the methods of planting all the above kinds in nur- sery rows, fee the former months. Ne-iv-graftea Trees. Examine new-grafted trees ; the clay is fometimes apt to fall off, or crack, fo as to admit air and wet to the grafts. Where Apr.] The Nursery. 215 Where this is the cafe, let the. old clay be taken entirely off, and immediately put on feme more, that is freih and well wrought. Let this be perfedly well clofed in every part, fo that neither wind nor wet can enter. Where there are any fhoots produced from the flocks, below the grafts. Jet them be rubbed oiT dole ; for thefe, if permitted to grow, would ftarve the grafts j and be careful alfo to eradicate all root fuckers. Neiv-hndded Trees. Budded trees ihould alfo be looked over, now and then, about this time ; for thofe that were budded lafl fummer, will now be making their fxrfl Ihoots, and therefore demand fome attention. The iirfl fhoots from the buds are, in fome feafons, apt to be attacked by infedl? or blights; and thefe, if not prevented, will hinder the young fhoots greatly, and fometimes entirely fpoil them ; but by a timely attention, the injury may be, in a greit meafure, prevented. Look to the ends of the young fhoots, and where any of their leaves are curled up, let fu..h be carefully taken off, for they arc full of fmall infers. By this practice the vermin may be prevented from fpreading farther. Likevvife all fhoots which put out from the ll:oc:ks, be- fides the bud, mufc be alfo rubbed off conllantly as they are produced, that the whole efforts of the flock may go to the fupport of the bud-flioots only. Dejlroy Weeds, Dellroy weeds betv/een the rows of young trees ; they will now rife abundantly from feed ; but by applying she hoe to them while young, they may be very eaiily ue- lh-o>-ed. Choofe dry weather always to dellroy weeds by hoe ; let' the hoe be fharp, and take u\^ advantage oi the wecd§ while they are fmall, and cut them up clean within the furface of the ground. There ii nothing like deflroying weeds in due time^ for when they are fuffered to gro.v large, they are con- llantly very hurtful to all young trees and fhrubs, and in particular to thofe plants which are not far advanced in their growth. Beiides, they appear very difagreeable, and re(iuire double labour to extirpate them. Graftings 2i6 The Green-House. [Apr^ Grafting. Grafting may ftill be performed upon fruit-trees ; but it muft be upon the lateft-fhooting kinds of the different forts ; and it muft be done the firil week in the month, or not at all. Graft hollies, with cuttings of the variegated kinds. The firft fortnight in this month is the proper time to per- form that work on thefe plants. The common plain holly is the proper ftock to graft the variegated kinds upon; and the Itocks for this purpofe, muft not be lefs than three or four years growth from the feed ; but thofe of five and fix, are very proper for this ufe. Get Ibme good cuttings, or grafts, of the bell varie- gated kinds ; they mull be fhoots of the laft fummer's growth. Let them be grafted with exadlnefs, according to the general method of whip-grafting. See Graftivg^ in tbi Nurfe)y of March, Inarching. Inarching may alfo be performed now on evergreens, and on any kind of trees or fhrubs that you defire to propagate that way. This method of grafting is principally intended for thofe kinds of trees and fhrubs which are not eafily raifed by common grafting or budding, or from feed, layers, or cuttings, or by any of the other general methods, for moft forts maybe propagated by inarching. But this may be praftifed on almofl any kind of trees and fhrubs, as may be thought convenient, either by way of curiofityor otherwife. The evergreen kinds may be inarched any time in this month, but the other forts generally fucceed beft when inarched at the beginning. The Green -House, GivtKg Air to the Green-houfe Plants. THE green-houfe plants now require a large portion of i)iQC air, and this article fhould be admitted to them every day, when the air is any thing mild. . 4 Uok Apr.] The G R e e n - l4 o u s e, ^9^ More of the plants will now be ihooting fraely ; they muil not, therefore, be kept too clofe, for that would weal^en the (hoots, and render the phmtsin general fo ex- tremely tender, that they would not be able to bear the open air well, when they are firil: brought forth for the funimer feafon. Therefore, open the green-houfe windows every morn* ing, more or lefs, when the air is mild and calm, about an hour or two after fun-rifmg, and let them continue open till within an hour, or lefs, of the fwn's fetting; that is> if the air continues mild till that time of the evening. Watering. Water mufi: now be duly given to the plants^ in general^ according as they Hand in need thereof. The orange and lemon-trees will require that article often. Alfo the myrtles, oleanders, amomum Plinii, and ciHufes, and all other plants of the woody kinds, will re-- quire to be frequently refreihed with moderate water- ings. But the plants in general muft be often looked over, ta fee where water is wanted ; and let all fuch pots and tubs as Hand in need of it, be properly fupplied therewith, far this is now a- very neceifary article. But in watering the green-houfe plants, let it be given to all l^inds with moderation^ but el'pecially while they are in the houfe, and particularly the more fucculent kinds. , As to the fucculent plants of this department, fuch^as aloes, fedums, opuntias, euphorbiums, craiTulas, &c. they being naturally replete with humidity-, do not require much water: giving it only moderately at times, when the earth in the pots appears xtvy dry; as too much moiilure would rot fome of the very iucculent kind. Shifting Plants into larger Ptts, Orange, lemon, citron, and myrtle-trees, and any other of the green-houfe plants, may iHil be fnifted into larger pots, where they require it. Let thofe plants which are to be Ihifted, be brought out of the houfe, in a mild day; then take them out of the pots, or tubs, with the ball of earth entire about their roots ; ^nd let the matted and decayed roots, on the out- L fide 194 The Green-House. [^P^- fide and bottom of the balls, be neatly pared off, and let iome of the old earth on the oatfide be taken away. Then, having fome freih earth ready, let fome be put into the bottom of the new pot or tub; then fet the tree, with its ball, as above prepared, in the middle, and fill up the pot or tub with the frefh compoil, raiiing it quite over the top of the ball an inch and a half deep. T:he tree being thus frefh planted, let the pot or tub be immedia. ely well watered, to fettle the new earth clofe about the ball and roots ; then return them to their places in the green-houfe, and water them moderately, as occa- fion requires. Frcfb-earthing the Plants, Thofe plants which are not to be fhifted this year into !i!rger pots, fhould have a fmall augment of frefh. earth, if 11 Dt done left month, by taking fome of the old earth out of the top of their pots, or tubs, to a little depth, and fome frefh and rich compoil put in its Head, v*'hich will refrefh them greatly. This will be remarkably ferviceable to orange, lemon, and citron-trees, and the like, and to all other plants in the green-hoiife ; and it iliould not be omitted now, if it was not done before. Let the earth hrftbe loofened on the top of the pots, or tubs, quite to the furface of the roots, and take it out'; then loofen the earth a little way down, round the fides, and take that out ; then fill up the pots or tubs, as before, with the new earth, and give a little water to fettle it. Cleaning the Plants. Let no decayed leaves remain on any of the plants ; but letfuch as foon as they appear, be taken off, for thefe make the plants appear, unfightly, and are alfo hurtful to them. Let no weeds grow in the pots or tubs ; keep them free from mofs, and let no fort of litter be feen about them. Where the leaves of orange and lemon-trees, &c. have contracted any fouhiefs, they mud now be made perf^dlly clean. . Get fome foft water in a pot, and a piece of fponge ; dip this in the water, and clean the leaves therewith, one 8 by Apr] The Green -Ho USE. 195 bv one. By cleaning the furface of the leaves, it will open their neceflary pores, and be ferviceable to the whole plants, and render them beautiful ; and let the myrtleji, and other fmall-'eaved kinds, be cleaned from dull. Sec by watering all over their heads. Where myrtles, or other hardy green-houfe fhrubs, hiive Ib-aggling or irregular heads, they may now be head- ed down, or have the ftraggiing branches pruned to fome regular order ; by which means they will put out plenty of ilrong Ihoots nearer the Hem, and form full and regular heads in three months time. Let their heads be cut as clofe as may feem neceiTar}': and, after they are cut down, then take a little of the old earth, at the top of the pot out, and fill it up with the fame quantity of frefii earth, and give a liitle water ; ^alfo let the head and llcm be well watered, to cleanfe them from filth. But if the plants require ihifting into L-^rger pots, let them be taken out of their prefent pots, and pare the matted roots off, and trim away fome of the old earth from the outfide of the baH ; then place the plants in the larger pots, and fill up the vacancy with new earth. After the above operation, the plants will foon begin to break forth with freili vigour. Inarching. Inarch exotics ; this is now the proper time to begin to {>^rform that method of grafting, on any of the green- iioufe trees or ihrubs. Orange, lemon, and citron- trees, may be propagated by that method ; alfo pomegranates, and many other lorts. Rut the trees raifed by this method, never make large nor handfome plants; therefore it is hardly ever done, but on fuch plants as cannot be eafily raifed any other way, except it is done by way of curiofity. Some, by way of curiofity, will inarch a branch of an orange or lemon-tree, that has young fruit on it, on one of the common orange flocks, and it will be well united by the end of Auguft, and may then be f:*parated from the mother plant; and there will be a new tree with fruit on it, raifed in the fpace of four or five months time. See Qrafthi^ i>' L 2 Propagafifig 1^6 The Hot-House.-- [Apr. Prcpagafing by Seeds, Cuttings, iffc. May fiill fow feeds of any of the exotics of this depart- ment, which facceed by this method of propagation; generally giving them the aid of a hot-bed, either that of tanners bark or hot dung, as fhall be convenient, and defended under franies and lights. Sow alfo, where required, the kernels of oranges, lemons, and citrons, to raife llocks, on which to inocu- late the cultivated forts of each of thefe trees. See the method advifed lall month. Propagate various forts of green-houfe plants, by cut- tings, layers, and fuckers ; and if the cuttings particu- larly, are potted, and placed in a bark-bed, in the flove or eife where, it will greatly facilitate their rooting. The Hot-House.. Pine-apple Plants. THE pine-apple plants now demand daily attend- ance ; they muft be often refrefhed with water, and they mull alfo have freih air in warm funny days. But, in the lirll: place, it will now be neceffary to ob- ferve, that if there was no frelli tan added to the bark-bed the former month, it muflnov^' be done, in the firfl week- in this month. Let the fame quantity of frefh tan be provided now for this purpofe, as mentioned in the former month, for that ufe, which is about one third of what the pit will contain. This being ready, let all the pots in tlie bark-bed be taken up; then p:ire off as muih of ihe old earthy bark, at the tvop and fides of the bed, as the new parcel will make good, allowing it to rife an inch or two above the top of the pit, taking this decayed bark quite away; then throw in the new tan, and, with a fork, let the old bark which remains in the bed, and the new, be well worked up and mixed together. The new tan being all in, and properly worked up with the old, let the furface be levelled, and then immediately plunge Apr.] T ,H E H o T - H o u s E. 1 97 plunge the pots as before, Obferve to place the largeit andtallell plants in the back row, and fo gradually down to the lowell in front. But where new tan was added the laii month, the beds need not have any thing done to them now: for if the new and old bark was then properl-y worked up and mLxed to-, gether, it will now be in excellent order. Watering the Pines, Water mufl now be given to thcfe plants pretty often, provided there is a good heat in the bark, for the pots in general fliould be kept in a moderate degree' of moifl- nefs. • Frequent and light waterings muil now be the pradlice, which will be greatly fcrviceable to all, but particularly to the fruiting plants. Wher.e the heat is good, and the weather tolerably warm, the pots v/ill require moderate refrelhment, every four or five days, or a week, as you fhall fee nectfTary. Admitting Air into tke Hvt-horfi. Frefh air is another very neceflary article; this flicuM be admitted to the pine-apple, and other planisin the hot- houfe, every nne day. Every warm funny day, when little v/ind is flirring-, let fome of i\\t glaffes or lights be opened a little way, to let in frelh air ; but this muft not be done before nine or ten o'clock in the morning, or, at leaft, till the fun has fufhciently warmed the inclofed air of the houfe. Remember to fhut the glafTes clofe again, in good time, in the afternoon, while the air within the houie is in a proper degree of warmth. Succeffion ef Pine-plants. The pine-plants in the'fucceffion-houfe, or pit, which are to bear fruit next year, mufi now be fhifted into larger pots. The pots for this purpofe mufl not lie of the largell fize ; thofe fizes called twenty- fours will be large enough for the prefent. Having the pots and fome frefh compoA ready, let the plants be taken up out of the bark-bed, and immediately proceed to fhifting them. Turn the'plants out of their Ll 3 prefent ig8 ' TheHot-House. [Apr. preferxt pots, preierving, if you can, the ball of earth en- tire ; then having put fome frefh earth into the bottom of the new pot, place the plant therein immediately, with all its ball entire, as above, and fill up the pots vviih the new compoil. But, in fhilfting thefe plants, it is proper to obferve, that where any of the plants are in a fickly condition, or are infefted with infeds, or appear to have bad roots, it Avill in fuch cafes be proper to clear away all the old ear.h from the roots of the plants ; and trim the roots or fibres pretty clofe, an.d alfo pare the bottom of the main root, and IViip off fome of the lower leaves, then immediately plant it in new earth. When the plants are all fhifted, they mafi be immedi- ately {et into the bark-bed again. But the bark muft firil be well fiirred up, and near one third part of new tan added, in the manner as above mentioned, for the fruiting plants, working the old and new very well together ; then fet ia the pots, plunging them to their rims at proper diflances, in the order before obferved. . This work fhould be done in fine weather, and the whole, if poliib'e, completed in the fame day. Refreih the plants after this often, with moderate water- ings, juit to keep the earth in the pots a little moift. Give air alfo in fine funny days, for this will flrengthen the plants, and make them healthy and beautiful. 1 he plants are to remain in the above pots till the end cf July, or fome time in Auguft, and then to be removed for thelafl tirne, into the pots where they are to fruit. See the work of thofe months. Management of the ycung Fine-apple Plants, Where the crowns and fuckers of the laft year's pines, have filled the fmall pots with their roots, let them, fome time this month, be fliift«d into pots a fize larger. Shake them carefully out of the pots, with the balls en- tire, and place them dire6lly into the new pots j and fill them up with frefh earth, and give a little water ; then llir up the bark, and add a quantity of new, as above ; and plunge the pots to their rims. Managemait Apr.] The Hot -Ho use, 199 Management of tender Plants in general in the Sto-ve. In fome pine-houfes, or ftoves, there being, befides the pines, many other curious and tender exotic plants : thefe mult alfo h..ve their (hare of attention. Where any of thefe plants Hand in need of larger pot.-;, let them now befliif;ed into fuch, filling up the pots "y** new earth. Then, if there be room in the h?'^- '■'^^' }^^ the pots be immediately plunged to rV-^r rims thcrem ; and bvthe affiltancc of 'the ki-''7 neat of the bar .^, the plaints' will fend out roo^^- -^ry freely into the Irelh earth ; which will ?ive ♦•-^^^"^ ilrength, and make them healthy, and ofa ]^--^y colour. Wr.cer mull alfo be given to theie plants at times 5 fome forts will require it pretty often. The cofiee-tree, and all the woody kinds, ihould be rcfrefhed with mode- rate quantities of water, every three or four days, at leall, for they will require it fo often. The fucculent kinds do ncK require much water, though a little now and then wili ^o them good ; but let this be given very fparlngly, for too much moiilure is apt to rot tuefe kinds ot plants. V/here the coffee-tree, and the like kind of plants, have contraded dii'l or other filth, let it be cleaned oiF. There is nothing more prejudicial to tender plants con- fined in this department, than to fuffer dull to remain on them ; for it clofes up thofe fmall pores which are necef- fary to preferve the health, and promote the growth of the plants. Therefore, when any fort of foulaefs appears, let it be immedia':ely chaned off. Propagating Stove Exotics, Now propagate various forts of the exotics of this con- fervatory, either by cuttings, layers, and fuckers, ac- cording to the natureof the different kinds ; placing thein in pots, and plunge them in the bark-bed, which will promote their rooting freely in a (hort time. Likewife fo.v feeds of any kinds of hot-houfe plants, railed by that method ; fowing them in pots, and plunge thefe in the bark-bed. Alfo in the hot-honfe, may expeditioully ftrike cuttings, both of many forts of green-houfe plants, as myrtles, &c. Likewife of any curious ihrubs of the open ground,- plunging the pois in the bark-bed. L .| . MAY. [ 200 ] • M A Y. W^ork to he done in the Kitchen Garden. Melons, •^^01^ plants Hill require particular care ; thofe ^ ^ which a^v nnjiei- hand or bell-elaries, as well as tiioie m fiames. 'I he early plants in frames vvm ^^w fnew frait plenti- fully,, and iome will be fet and fvveliu.^ . therefore, in order to procure a fuihcient quantity of thoft fruit for a full crop, the plants mull, at this time, have an the aliiftancG that is in the power of art to give them. One prir.cipal thing to be obferved i?, to preferve a proper decree of heat in the beds, by occafional linings of hot dung, while the fruit is about fetting, and for fome time after ; for a kindly warmth is neceffary to promote the iWeiling of the fruit after they arc fet ; for it fhould be ob- ferved, that although there be often very warm days in t-his morith, yet there are often cold nights, which make it fo necefiary to preferve a due heat in thefe beds ; for if the weather Ihould prove cold, and at the fame time there is but little v*'armth in the beds, the melons will not fet nor fv/ell kindly, but moft of them will turn yellow and go oiF. Therefore, when it is perceived that the beds have jnuch declined in their heat, immediately apply a lining of well prepared hot dung to one, or to both fides of the bed, according as there may be occafion. The advantage of adding the above frelh lining to fuch htdis as are much decayed in their heat, will foon evidently appear in the growth of the plants and fruit. Frefh air muH be admitted to the plants every day, when the weather is calm and mild ; for this will (Irengthen them, and promote the fetting and frze fwelling of the fruit. This article of air muft be admitted to the plants, by railing the upper ends of the lights with props, gradu- ally, two, three, or four fingers breadth, in height, ac- cording as the warmnefs-of the day increafes, or requires ; ajidlhut them down clofe again about four or five in the evening, or (oon^r, if the weather fhoul4 change cold or prove windy. The May.] The Kitchen Garden. aoi The glaffes mull be covered every jiight with mats all this month. ^ Let the mats be thrown over them, a little, before fan-fet, or foon after in the evening ; but when the air is cold, they may be thrown over about an hour fooner* About fix or feven in the morning, let ihe mats be taken off; or when it is a warm funny morning, they may be uncovered as foon as the fun reaches the glaiTes, for the plants Ihould not be kept too long in darknefs, light beings very eiTential to their growth. Water fhould alfo he given at times to the melon plants in frames, for they will require a little now and then, pro- vided there be a good heat in the bed, and the weather be. tolerably warm and funny. Let this article be given very moderately, and not too often^ for too much moiflure would chill'the young fruit, and prevent their fetting. Once in a week or ten days will be often enough to water them ; and tlie value of two pots of water to a three-light frame will be fufHcient. Choofe always a moderately warm day to w^ater them j and about eight ( r nine in the mornini^, or *.hree or four in the afternoon, are now the b:ft times in the day to do that work. Sliut down the lights immediately after watering; and, if the fun fhines, throw a mat over for half an hour^ then take it off again. Obferve, in watering thefe plants, to let as little as polTible touch the fruit that are about fetting, or newly fet, and do not give too much water near the head, or main ilem of the plant. In very hot funny days, it will be advifeable to Ihade the plants from the fun, for tys^o or three iiours, during its £ercelt heat ; but this fhould be particularly praflifed when there is but a fhall-ow depth of earchon the beds, or when the leaves of the plants flag much. Let feme thin mats^ or a little loofe hay, &c. be fpread over the glaffes, in thefe days, about eleven o'clock, and taken off again about two. Where the plants lie very near the. glaffes, it will be neceffary toraife the frame from about t]iree to fix inches 5 this is done by placing bricks, or fquare pieces of wood, under each corru?r of the frame. According as the m.elons fet, obferve to place a piece of tile under each, for this will preferve them f*-om the damp of the e*irth of the bed, L5 0/ 202 ' The Kitchen Garden. [May. Of MJons to he raifed under Bell and Hand-glafes, and oiled Pa J. er- frames . Finifli making the hot-bed ridges, to plant the melons upon, which are to be covered wiih bell or hand-glafles, or with frames covered with oiled paper; for which fee the work of fune. The plants for this purpofe being raifed from a fjwing in March, ar beginning of lafl: month, will be now of a proper fize for final tranfplantation into the above hot-beds, which, ifpolTible, ihould be com- pleted in the firil or fecond week of this month. Thefs ridges mult be made of the very bell hot liable dung J preparing it iirft, as direfced in the two former months, for other hot-beds. And they may now be made, either in trenches, three or four feet wide, and fifteen or eighteen inches deep, or on level ground \ but by making them moilly above ground, *it will afford an opportunity of adding a lining to recruit the heat when it declines : hov/ever, in either method, let the hot-bed ridges be made a yard wide p.t leaft, though four feet will be more eligi- ble, full two feet, cr thirty inches thick ; and where two or more ridges are to be made, and tliey are moilly above l^round, allow the fpace of four feec between ridge and . ridge. The faid fpace or alleys being filled with dung and earth, in about a month or five weeks after, will greatly afiift the fetting of the fruit. The ridges being made, get fome good earth ; and if this be bamy and mixed up with one fourth part of very rotten-dung, it will be the better for this purpofe ; but in ^lefault of loam, any rich earth will do. The earth is not to be £fted, but very well broken, and mixed together with the fpade, and then laid not lefs than ten inches thick, all over the top of the ridge. Then mark out the holes for the plants, allowing the diHance of four feet betv/een hole and hole ; and fet a bell crhand-glafs over each, and keep them clofe down till the earth under them is warm, and then bring in the plants. If the plants are now in pots, turn them carefully out, with the ball of earth entire, and make a hole in the earth where each glafs ftands ; place one pot of plants, with the ball, into each hole : clofe the earth very well about the ball, and alfo about the ftems of the plants ; give every hole a liule water, and iniinediately put on the glafies. Shade May.] The Kitchen Garden. 203 Shade the plants from the fun, for the firil two or three days, from about eight to four o'clock j*- but, after that, let them have more and more fun every day, till they are able to bear it fully v/ithout flagging. Let them have air every warm day, by tilting the warmeft fide of the glafTes, but keep them ihut clofe down every night. The ghdfis mull alio be covered every night, all this month, with mats. Thofe plants, now planted out, will produce ripe fruit j- fome about the end of July j but the principal crop will bs in Augull: and September. When any of the melon plants have filled the bell cr hand-glafles, the vines mull then have liberty to run from under them ; but they muft not be trulled out before tlie latter end of the month, or b?ginning or middle of next. If therefor'", about the lall week in this month, the plants have advanced, fo as they cannot be contained within the glafles, tliey fhould be trained out; provided however the feafon is become warm, dry, and fettled, not elfe : raifing each glafs upon three props, about tv/o inches and a half high, and let the ends of the vines be laid. out at re- gular diilances, and peg them down.; being careful to cover the ridges every night, and in all bad' Weather, with good mats. But when the vines of thefe plants are trained from un- der the hand-g'afies, it would be of great advantage to place oiled paper-frames over the beds, previoufly remov- ing the hand-glalles ; ihefe frames remaining conltantly night and day, and they admitting the light and heat of the fun fufiiciently, will prove raait beneficial llielters. See 'June, Management of Ciuuinher Pia7tts in Frames-^ • Cucumber plants in frames v/ill now be in full'perfedlbn of bearing; they mull therefore be carefully attended. Still fupport a moderate heat in the beds Sy the-applica- tion of linings L.f hot dung, ^c where neceffary. See the two lall months. Thefe plants will require to be often • refrefhed with moderate waterings ; this is a moll needful afiillance, and muft not now be omitted. Water them moderately, not lefs than twice a week, in a mornirrg, before nine, or about three or four o'clock in the afternoon, is the belt time of the day to water thefe plams at this {%^{6n, he Th« ^04 The Kitchen Garden, [May. The plants muft alfo be allowed a great lliare of free air, very rnild day, for the fun has now great power; and if ihe glaifes were to be kept tDO clofe, it would deftroy the piants. Therefore raife the upper end of the lights every ■warm funny morning, about feven, eight, or nine o'clock, according to the temperature of the weather ; and accord- ing as the heat of the day increafes, continue raifmg the glaills a proportionable height from one to two or three inchps. The lights mull: be ihut clofe down every evening, about five or fix o'clock; but in cold evenings Ihut them down an hour or two foorier. Shade the plants from the fun in very hot funny days* The time to do this is from eleven to two o^clock. Where the glalfes are pretty clofe to the plants, it will now be advifeable to allow them a larger fpace of room, by raifmg the frame five or fix inches at bottom, the plants will then be able to Hand the fun with Icfs danger of icorching their leaves, and parching up their roots^ Con- tinue covering the glaffes every night with mats all this inonth, generally covering up tov/ards fun-fetting, and imcovsr. foon after its rifing in the morning. Cuciimhers to be plant &d under Hand or BcU-glaJfa' Cucumbers may now be planted out on hot- bed ridges. Dander hand or beli-glailes. The plants being raifed for this purpofe,. in March or lall: month, fhould be planted out the beginning and mid- >dle of this, and they will begin, to bear abou.t the begin- ning, or towards the middle of June, and will continue bearing till the cold Aveathi^r deftroys the plants. The hot-beds or ridges for this purpoie;, muft be made of good hot dung, as formerly obferved ; and ma^ be made the greateil part within the ground, as they will not re- quire to be lined. Choofe for this purpofe a rich fpot of ground; there dig a trench, a yard wide, and fifteen or eighteen inches deep ; laying the earth that comes out iieatly all along the fide of x.'LiQ trench. Fill this trenck with fieih hot dung,, and raife it not lels than from fix to eight> ten, or twelve inches above the furface of the ground ; for the bed ilioujd be, at leaft,, two feet thick of dang, if made the beginning or middle of the month, nor in,deed Ihould it be much lefs than that at the latter end thereof. Therl cover the bed v/ith the earth that was thrown mX, of the trench;,, niue inches thick over the top of the May.] The Kitchen Garden. 205 dung ; levelling the reft of the earth clpfe along each fide of the bed, correfponding with that at top ; the whole forming the bed like a fort of ridge ; hence hot-beds of this fort are often called ridges. This done, then mark out the places for the plants exacUy along the middle of the bed, at three feet fix inches from one an other. Diredly cover each place with a hand-glafs, and in a day or two the dung will have VvLarnied the earth, ready for the reception of the plants. Plant under each glafs three or four good plants, and givs them a little water ; then let the glaffes be immedi- ately put on, and Ihade the plants from the fun till they have got root. Let the plants have air every day, when it is calm and mild, by tilting the warmeil: fide of the glaffes ; and let them now and then be refrefhed with moderate waterings. They mull be co/ered G\Qiy night with mats, until the middle of June. But where good plants cannot be readily procured to plant in the above beds, let forae good feed be put in early in the month; the plants will Icon com* up, and will come into bearing at a very acceptable time in June andjuly. The hot-bed being made as above directed, mark out the holes for the feed, jull three feet and a half afunder ; make the holes in form of a Ihallow bafon, about an inch and a half deep, and each about nine or ten inches over. In the middle of eaxrh of thefe holes, fow eight or nine good feeds ; cover them near half an inch deep with earth, and then put on the bell or hand-glafies. After the plants havelpeen up about ten or twelve days, they muft be thin- ned, leaving only four of the ftrongefl plants in each hoje; and at the lame time draw fome earth up about their ihanks, and give a littje water to fettle the earth clofe to them again. If thefe feeds are fown in the firft or fecond week in May, the plants will, if properly managed after they are come up, begin to bear ibme fruit in the third or fourth week in Ju-ne. The proper forts of cucumbers, either In plants or feeds^. for the above beds, are the long green prickly, as being the greateH bearers; though, for variety, may plant or fov/. other forts, as the long green Turkey, and the white Tur- key, both of which produce fruit from about ten or twelve to eighteen inches long, but are very indifferent bearers. Cucumber* 2o6 .The Kitchen Garden. [May. Cucumbers to pickle. Sow cucumbers for pickling: tht-fe are to be Town in the natural ground ; not however till the lall week in this month. But if the fealon be old, cr very wet, it would be proper to defer putting in the feed till ihe full week in June. •Prepare for thefe feeds a piece of rich free ground, and divide it into beds of five or fix feet wide ; allowing twelve inches between bed and bed for an alley ; then mark out the holes for the i^sd, exadlly along the middle of each bed, allowing three feet and a half between hole and hole. Dig the places for the holes, breaking the earth well with the fpade : and form them with the hand bke a fliallow bafon, about an inch and a half deep, and ten or twelve inches over ; and fow in fhe middle of each hole eignt or ten feeds, covering them near half an inch deep with earth. After the feed is fown, if the weaiher Ihould prove hot and dry, it will be proper to fprinklc the holes a little with water ; but this muil be given very moderately, jull enough to moiften the earth a little, for t.:o much moiilure would ret the feed ; but when the fetd is geiminated, and the young plants coming up, give water freely in dry warm weather. When the plants have been come up about a fortnight, they mufl be thinned ; and leave no more than five or fix of the bell plants in every hole. \ When a perfon is ftraightened for room, he may fow the pickling cucumbers between the rows of early caulificnvers, or the like, allowing the fam.e diflance as above ; and the ^, cauliflowers will be molHy all gone, by that time the cu- cumber plants begin to pufh the runners. In fowing picklers, it is the praftice in cold wet feafons, with many of the London gardeners, to fow the feed on ' a flight hot-bed : and when the plants have been up about "] a week, or ten days, to tranfplant them. The method is this ; get feme new horfe-dung, and make a hot-bed about a yard or four feet wide, and eighreen inches thick, the length to be in proportion to the quantity of plants you would ralfe. As foon as the bed is made, lay on about three inches depth of earth ; then either with a thick blunt- ended dibble, or with your fingers contratled, make holes about an inch wide, and liaif an inch, or near an inch deep, and about an inch and a half afunder, dropping eight May.] The Kitchen Garden. 207 eight or ten feeds in each hole, and cover them in ; this is called dotting them in : or inftead of this, you may draw drills acrofs the bed ; the feed is to be fown in the drills, obferving to fow them quite ihick, and in clufters, at leail eight or ten good feeds in each duller; put the feeds io clofe together in each duller, as to aim oil touch, jmd cover them near half an inch deep with earth; allov/ a clear fpace in each drill of about an inch between each patch or duller of feed, and let the drills be two inches afunder: by thus lowing the feed in clu Hers or patches, the plants will alfo rife fo for traniplantalion ; obicrving to cover the bed with mats on nights, and all bad wea- ther ; and when the plants have been come up fix, eight, or ten days, and fhew the rough leaves in the centre, it is proper to plant them out, if the weather is fettled ; taking them up in cluflers as they grov/, with the earth about their roots, and in that manner let them be planted in the places where they are to remain; allotting one bunch of plants to a hole, and giving them immediately fome v.'.iter ; they v/ill quickly llrike root without hardly feeling their removal, and will require no further care at this time than a little water now and then, piovided it be dry wea- ther, for they will grow away freely without flagging. This, in a bad feafon, is a very good metnod, and worthy to be put in pradice. Plant and Soto Gourds and PumUns, Plant out from the hot-bed the gourds and pumkins which were fown in Api^il; it may be done any time to- wards the middle or latter end of this month. Some of them may be planted out in the common ground, in a warm fituation, about the middle of this month, when the weather is fettled in warm ; they wjll grow freely, and produce ripe fruit in Augull; and the common pumkin is often fowed or planted upon old dung- hills, where they will fpread wonderfully, and produce many large fruit. But if you defire to have any of the curious forts in fruit fooner than common, you Ihould, in the beginning of the month, plant fome out upon holes of hot-dung, under hand or bell-glafTes, or other occafional Ihelter: make fome holes two or three feet wide, and about a fpade deep, in the places where the plants are to produce their fruit, filling the holes with a barrowful or two of new 2oS The Kitchen Garden. [May. new horfe-dung, covering that eight inches deep with earth, and fo plant your gourds, &c. or fow the feeds, and cover them with the above gla/fes, or with oiled paper frames, &c. till they begin to run -, then may. difcon- tinue the Ihelters. However, in default of dung or glaffes, for holding them out as above, plant the more curious forts of the gourd kinds, in the full ground, in a warm fituation, as aforefaid, towards the middle of this month, vi'hen fettled warm weather, and the pumkins, &c. may be planted any Vv'here. Obferve to plant the orange, and other fmall gourds, near to a wall, or other fence ; and when the plants begin to run, let the vines, or runners, be neatly trained, and faftened up clofe to the wall, pales, &c. Where this is pradlifed, the plants, together with the fruit, will make an agreeable appearance, in the months of July, Auguil, and September. Thefe plants may alfo be fupported with flakes ; that is, v/hen the plants begin to fun, let a tall firm Hake be fixed in the ground near each plant ; and, according as their vines advance in length, let them be trained up carefully round the ftakes. But the pumkins, and large kind of gourds, fliould be- planted out in an open fpot, or upon dung-hills, fetting them eight or ten feet from one another, ar\d muil be fuffered to run upon the furface of the ground, where, if they have room, they will extend a great way. The feed of gourJs and pumkins may ftill be fown in. the firfl or fecond week, or any time in the month. The feeds may now be fowed either at once in the full ground, or upon' holes of hot dung, to remain j or in a hot-bed for tranfplantaiion, which will bring the plants on much forwarder; and may be fowed in one of the cu- cumber hct-beds already made, or upon holes of hot dung under hand-glaffes, as in lall month ; and when the plants have got rough leaves, one, two or three inches broad, they Ihould be planted out into the open ground. But fuch perfons as, for want of hot-dung, Sec. are neceffitated to fow them in the common ground, Ihould fow ihem in the places where they are to remain. Kidney, May.] The Kitchen Garden. 209 Kidney Beans, Now plant a full crop of kidney-beans, to fucceed thofe planted in April. Any of the dwarf kinds of thefe beans may ftill be planted i 'but the bell and moli profitable for this planta- tion are the fpeckled dwarfs, Batterfea, and Canterbury white dwarfs. Draw drills for them an inch d.zz^, and- thirty inches afiinder; place the beans in the drills, about three inches apart ; draw the earth evenly over them, and, when ail are planted, let the furface be lightly raked fmooth. Plant alfo, where required, any of the running kinds of kidney beans. Moil of thefe forts are exceeding profitable for the fer- vice of a family, for they are furprifmg great bearers ; but, in particular, the fcarlet-flovvering bean ; and there is a variety of this, that difFerj from it only in colour, which is white, and whcfe fiowers are alfo white; but is not to be diftingoiifned from the fcarlet, neither in man- ner of grov/th, nor mode of bearing ; and both the va- rieties are very proper for this plantation : the large white. Dutch running kinds are alfo very proper to plant now. Thefe, and all the running or climbing forts of kidney- beans, mull be allowed more room to grow than the dwarf kinds ; fo that the drills for thefe large forts mull be opened at three feet fix inches diftance from one another, atleaft, but four feet will not be too much, and about an inch and a half deep. Place the beans in the drills three or four inches afander,' and cover them equally with earth, about an inch and a^ half deep. When the plants are come up, and begin to pufh their, runners, then let fome tail Hicks, cr poles, be placed to each row, for the plants to climb upon. The runners will foon catch hold, and will twine theinfeves naturaliy round the Hicks or poles, to the height of eight or tea feet, pro- vided the poles or flicks be fo high ; or if any are planted' in a row clofe againll a wall, dr any high fence or build- ing, may fufpend ilrong packthread from above, fix inches diftance, failened tight at both ends, the runners of the beans will readily afcend round the firings. The advantage of planting thefe running kinds is. very- great J 210 The Kitchen Garden. [May. great; for thofe that are now planted, will, after they begin, continue bearing till the cold weather deltrcys the pL:nts. But it fhould be obrrrved th::t where there are not the convenience of iHcks or poles for thefe plants to. ciimb up upon, they will not fuccecd ; and where that is the cafe, it will be beft to plant none but the dwarf kinds. ^ Capjiciims for Pickling. The capficums for pickling, which were fown in March cr April, /hould" now be planted cut; but this ihauTd be done in moift weather. Thefe plants being raifed in a hot-bed, are fomcwhat tender, therefore muit not be planted out too foon ; but this may be done any time in the third or fourth week of the month, if fettled warm weather. Dig a fpot of rich ground f )r their reception, and rake the furface fmootb ; then put in the planU by line, a foot afunder every way, and water them. Lo've-apples fcr Soups, Iffc. Plant out tomatos, or love-appies, from the hot-bed where they are raifed. About the middle or latter end of the month is the proper time to remove them into the full air. Thefe plants being trailers, and very luxuriant and rambling in their growth, mull therefore be planted clofe to a wall, pales, or efpaliers; and when they begin to branch out, muft be trained, and nailed to the walls or pales, in the manner of a wall-tree, or may be trained to Itrong flakes. Obferve, they mull be planted againft a foath wall, or other fouth fence; for if they were to be planted in the fhade, the fruit would not ripen. The vacant fpaces be- tween wall- trees would fuit them well. One ilout plant in a place is lufhclent. Water them as foon as they are planted, and fhade them from the fun till they have taken root ; and a little ilielter in cold nights, for the firll fortnight, would be very ferviceable. Ajparagus, Afparagus will now be fit to cut for nfe. In cutting the buds or fhocts of ihefe plants, it fhouM be obferved, that, when they are from about two or three to four or five, or at moll fiX inches in height, they fhoald lie May.] The Kitchen GARDE?>r. 211 be gathered ; but tlioie about three or four inches high are hi prime order; when permitted to run much higher, the top of the bud opens, and the fhoot does not eat fo wdl as thofe that are cut when the head is quite clofe. When you cut them, be careful to thruit your knife /lown clofe by the fide of the flioots you intend to cut, left you wound or deftroy any young buds that arc coming up and do not yet appear ; cutting the IhootJ oliF about three ©r four inches within, the ground. Let the beds of thefe plants be now cleaned, for feed weeds will now rife very thick on them. Taking, therefore, -opportunity of a dry day, and with a fmall hand hoe cut up all weeds clean within the fur- face, and they will foon all die. ^'ranfplanfing Lettuces. In moift weather, tranfplant cofs lettuce, and other kinds, which were fown the two former months, Choofe a rich fpot for thofe plants in a free open f.tua- tlon, or fuch that is not mucli incumbered with trees, &c. which would draw the plants up fiender without forming good hearts; dig the ground neatly one fpade dit^^^, and rake the furface frnooth; then put in the plants in rows, ten or twelve inches afunder; and allow the fame dillance between plant and plant in each row, and give fome water to fettle the earth about their roots. Repeat the waterings as there may be occaiion, till the plants have taken root. So-iv Lettuce feed, ' - Sow lettuce-feed ; this fhould be done at two or three different 'times this month, that there may be a conilant fupply of fuch plants as are good. ^ The cofs,» Silefia, and admirable cabbage-lettuce, are the proper kinds to fow now; the brown Dutch, and all the other kinds, will alfo fucceed. An open fituation mull be chofen to fow thefe feeds in, and where the ground is light and rich ; fov/ each fort fe- parate, and rake them in light and evenly. The beds wherein thefe feeds are fown, mu ft be often refreihed with water, if the weather ftiould prove dry, to promste a free growth, both in the feed and young plants. Small 112 The Kitchen Garden. [May. S7;:al/ Sallading. Sow crefTes, muftard, radifh, rape, and other fmall falkd feeds often. Where a Cohflant fupply of thefe fmall herbs are want- ed, there fnould be fome feed of each fort put into the ground, once every fix or feven days. Obferve, if the weather proves hot and dry, it is pro- per to fow thefe feeds now on a fomewhat Ihady border. Dravy ihallow drills, and fow the feeds therein tolerably thick, and cover them lightly with earth. In dry wea- ther give them a moderate watering every other day. Spinach, Spinach may yet be fjwn, and it will fuoc^ed tolerably well, if fowed in an open fituation. In fome places this plant is required all fummer ; where this is the cafe, there fnould be fome feed fown every twelve or fourteen days. Sow it moderately thin, tread it well down, and rake it eve.Ti\y into the ground. Hoc and thin the fpinach which v/as fown the former month. Cut down all the weeds, and leave the plants ^bout four or five inches afunder. Sow more turneps, they will come in at a fine feafon ; that is, they will be fit to draw for the table by the mid- Solving Celery. Sow celery-feed for a latter crop ; this fhould be done in the firft or fecond week of the month. Dig a fmall bed of light rich earth, and lay the furface perfedly level ; then fow the feeds pretty thick, and rake them in as light as poflible with a very even hand. In hot funny weather, fhade the bed from the fun every day, from ten to three o'clock, till the plants appear ; for this feed being very fmall, the full fun would, in a manner, quite burnt it up. Likewife, let the bed, in dry weather, be refreflied every other evening with a very moderate watering. The plants from this fowing will be fit to plant out into trenches, in Auguft and September, and to take up for the table after Chriftmas, and for a fpriog fupply. M 4. Carci$ons, 124 The Kitchen Garden. [May. Cardoons. The cardoons which were fown In Mnrch, or April, fhould now be thinned v/here they have rifen too thick, that the plants may have room to grow and get llrength by next month, when they fhould be planted where they ape to be blanched. Thefe plants fhould now be thinned to about four or five inches dillance; or, if you choofe it, you may now prick out the plants that diflance on a nurfery-bed, to remain fill next month, when the whole fhould be tranfplanted Anally. Defiroying Weeds. Now let more than common care be taken to deflroy weeds, among crops of every kind, and in every part throughout the ground. There is no work in the kitchen garden that requires more attention now than this ; for weeds are at no time more dangerous to crops than the prefent. It fhould, there- fore, be one of the principal works in this ground to deflroy them before they grow large. For weeds, when permitted to grow to any bignefs, not only exhauft the goodnefs cf the ground, and ruin the prefent crops, but art aifo a very dif- agreeable fight, and require more than double labour to <^\'i2.r the ground of them. Bat, in particular, let the crops of onions, leeks, carrots, parineps, lettuce, and all other fmall crops that growpretty w a very needful work to all newly tranfplanted crops ; always giving a watering at planting, where water is conveniently fituated, and the quantity of plants not too confiderable to render the work very laborious and tedious ; • repeating the waterings till the plants take root and grow. This work proving fo very beneficial in accelerating the fiQ^ rooting, and fctting the plants off in a free growth from the beginning, it fhould never be omitted, where- convenience of water and time permits.. The Fruit Garden, Wall-Trees. WALL-TREES will now, in general, begin to^ make llrong and numerous fhoot»; and they Ihould- bv,' regulated, and trained the right way, before they grow into confunon. Apricots, peaches, and neftarines, in particular, demand this care now ; and alfo plum and cherry-trees. Let all thefe trees be looked over fo me time this month, as early as pofHble, wliilc making their firfl Ihoot, and clear- ed from all fuch of the new Ihoots as are ufclefs and ill; placed ; at the fame time let all the well-placed ufeful' Hioots be retained, and when of due lengthy trained ini ciofe and regular to the wall. All fore-right, and other ill-placed fl\oots, are ufelef?, and mull be difplaced ; thefe are fuch as are produced^ either from the front of the branches, in a fore-right di- redion, or otherwife fo irregularly fituated, as they cannot be properly trained in, therefore become ufelefs, and muil now be cleared away. Likewife all very luxuriant (hoots are for the general' part to be confidcred as of the ufelefs kind; they being fuch ui are temarkabiy more vigorous and rp*rabling,in growth. ivl 5 thao. 2a6 The Fruit Garden. [May, than the reft, and fliould be moftly difplaced, unlefs any Ihall feem neceiTary in particular parts, to fill up a vacancy orfurnifhafuture fupplyof wood ; in which cafes, only fome occafional fhoots of thefe kinds fiiould be left, and all the others of them cleared off quite clofe. And at the fame time obferve, that even when good and ^vell-placed fhoots are much too numerous and fuperfluous, arifing in any part of the tree where it is plain they are abfolutly not wanted, or cannot be converted to ufe if left till the winter pruning, fuch fuperfluities, though good in themfelves, as they cannot be, with propriety, trained in, are ufelefs, fo fhould be difplaced ; and by thus clearing the tree early of unneceffary young fhoots, the regular fi- gure is all along preferved, and the fruit will receive all proper nourifliment. But a full fufficiency of the beft fide-fhoots that are of a kind and moderate growth, and which are well fituated for laying in, muft be left, and trained in clofe to the wail, in regular order. For it is particularly necefTary to leave a^ many of the well-placed fhoots of apricots, peaches, neftarines, and mo- rella cherry-trees, as can be conveniently laid in ; for thefe trees principally produce their fruit upon the one year old fhoots ; that is, the fhoots that are produced this furamer, bear fruit next year. Therefore it is much the bell way to leave at this feafon, a fufficient quantity of the wellfituated and kindly growing fhoots, that there may be enough to choofe from in the winter pruning. Likewife obferve, that all thefe fhoots now retained, that when about eight, ten, or twelve in.ches long, muft be nail- ed up clofe>and as regularly as poffible to the wall, and each at full length : they mull not, on any confi deration., be fhort- cned at any time of the fummer, for that will prove of worfe confequence than may be generally thought. For were thofe fhoots to be fhortened now, by flopping their fhooting in length, it would caufe them to produce from their fides a number of ufelefs fhoots, one almofl from, each eye ; thefe would certainly weaken, and otherwife hart the principal Ihoots from whence they proceed ; and would alfo occafion fo full a fhade, that it would be im- poflible for the fun and air to have due accefs to the fruit, to promote the growth of it in a regular manner, for al- though a flight ihade of leaves, &c, proves necefTary in; 4 promotizig. May.] The Fruit Garden. i%n promoting the free growth of all kinds of wall-fruit; too much is altogether deftrudive, and contrary to the original intent of having wall-trees. With regard, however, to (hortening the young fhoots of thefe trees at this time, it may in feme cafes be pra«^ifed to particular fhoots j for inftance, if your tree be young, and you want to furnifh it with wood, or that there be any vacant fpace in old trees, you may in either cafe, Ihorten one or more of the ilrongeft of the neighbouring Ihoots, contiguous to the place where wood is wanted, ihortening them to three or four eyes, and they will foon after fhoot out again, the fame feafon, perhaps, a fhoot from each remaining eye or bud. In the early fummer dreiUng of wall-trees this month, when the firll fhoots do not exceed one, two, or three inches long, mofl of the requifite pruning may be performed, by rubbing oiF the ufelefs fhoots with the finger and thumbs without the ufe of a knife; but when mere advanced, the knife only muft be ufed. Apples, i^€. Apple, pear, plum, and cherry-trees, either againfl walla or efpaliers, fhould alfo be looked over fome time towards the end of this month: for thefe trees fhould alio be di- veiled of all ufelefs and ill-growing flioats, and the neceffary regular ones trained in» Let all fuch fhoots as are produced fore-right from the front of the branches, be taken off clofe; and all fuch Ihoots as rife in parts of the trees, where not wanted, and fuch as cannot be regularly trained in, fhomld alfo be taken, away ; and the fooner this is done row the better. But obferve to leave, in different parts of the trees, fome of the beft placed and moderare growing fide-flioots, but particularly in fuch places where wood is apparently want- ed ; but leave rather more thart what may appear jufl ne- ceflary, and a leading one to each branch r for it is beil to leave enough of good fhoots at this time, to choofe fronj in the winter pruning i and what is not then wanted, can be eafily cut away. The fhoots whivih are left, muft alfo, when of due length, be trained in clofe to the wall, orcfpalier; and each (hoot mufl be laid in at its full length, for the reafon before ob- ferved for the apricot and peach-trees, &c. Befides, the ap- ple, pear, plum, and cherry-trees, (hould never be ihorten- M6 ed^ 228 The Fruit Garden. [May. ed only in particular cafes, as exhibited in the winter pruning. Where, however, there is any great vacancy, it may be proper to fliorten fome of the adjoining young Ihoots of the year to three or four eyes, the latter end of this month, or in June, and this will caufe them to put out feme fide or lateral ihoots the fame feafon to fupply the vacant parts. Thin JpricoiSy tffc. Thin apricots, peaches, and nedlarines, where they arc fet too thick upon the trees. Thefe trees, in favourable feafon s, will fometimes fet three times more fruit than their roots are capable of fup- plying with proper nourifliment ; and if the whole or too many of them were to be left, they would flarve one another, and the fruit in general, be fmall and ill- flavoured. Eefides, where there is too gi-cat a quantity of thefe forts of fruit to remain upon the trees, the ill confequence does not terminate altogether in the badnef^ of the fruit that year, but it extends to two or three years to come ; for the too great quantity of fruit would draw the whole !K)urifhment to themfelves, infomuch that the trees would not be able to produce fhcots capable of bearing fruit next year ; and it would alfo exhauft the trees fo much, that they could not regain flrength to produce any good wood before the fecond year after ; and it would probably be the third before a tolerable crop could be expected. Therefore, where thefe fruit are produced too thick upon the trees, let them now be reduced to a moderate quantity on each tree; and the fooner this is done, the better it will be for the trees, and alfo for the fruit that is to remain upon them. This thinning fhould be performed in a very careful manner, looking over the branches regularly, one by one ; 2^td before you take any off, iingle out, on each branch, the fruit that is proper to leave. The moftpromifmg and bell Shaped fruit muit be left, having fome regard alfo to thofe that are bed fituated on the branches. Each kind, accord- ing to its lize, mull be left at fuch diftances, that every one may have fufficient room to fwell, and grow freely to its hill bignefs every way, without touching another. For in- ftance, fupf cfe a tree to be ia pretty good condition for Ilrength, May.] The Fruit Garden. 2^29 ftrength, and allowing the bearing fhoots or branches to be. of three different fizes; that is, the ftrong, middling, and weakly; the number of fruit to be left upon each of thefe branches are: upon the flronger Ihoots and branches three or four of the faireft and beft placed fruit; upon the mid- dling ihoots no more than two or three, and only one or two upon the weaker branches. Remember, that if there be few or many upon the trees, to leave no two or more of thefe fizes nearer together than. wlthin three, four, five, or fix inches according to their refpedtive fizes. Where the above dillances, and the quantity of fruit men- tioned to be left upon the different branches, are nearly ob- ferved in thinning, they will bring each kind to due perfec- tion. A t the fame time, the trees will Ihoot freely, and pro- duce a fufficient quantity of good wood to bear fruit nexryear. This fiiould be the method of thinning the common fizes of thefe kinds of fruit; but the fmall kinds may be left clofer, and a greater number of each kind may be left upon- the different branches. For inftance, the early mafcuime apricots, the nutmeg peaches, and early nutmeg nedarines, aretheearlieli, and by far the fmalleft of their kinds. There may be left upon each of the ftrong Ihoots, about four or five of thefe fruit; and on a middle fized fhoot three ; and fo in proportion on the weaker fhoots. The young fruLt that are thinned off, are excellent for tarts, &c. particularly the apricots. Dejiroying Snails. Snails will often make great havock among the choice kinds of wall-fruit, where they are not interrupted : they particularly frequent the apricots, nedlarines, and peach- trees, and will do mifchief to thefe kinds of fruit, if not prevented. Thefe trees fhould be often looked over early in a morn- ing, and in an evening, and after fhowers of rain, at which times thefe creeping vermin come forth from their holes, to feed upon the fruit, and may then be readily taken and de- ftroyed. Cleaning the Fruit-tree Borders. The borders where wall and efpalier-trees grow, fhould be kept remarkably clear from weeds ; for thefe not only appear difagreeable and exhaull the nourifliment, but they would promote fnails, fiugs, and fach like creeping infedts to the detriment of the fruit. Therefore, 230 The Fruit Garden. • [May. Therefore, when weeds at any time appear in thefe parts, and where there is room to admit of hoeing, let a fharp hoe be applied to them in a dry funny day, by which you may focn flop their progrefs, and as foon as hoed, rake off all the weeds and rubbiih, leaving a clean fmooth furface. Infers hurtful to Fruit-treer, Where fmall infefts annoy any of the wall trees, let fome. means be ufed to deftroy them, before they increafe, and fpread themfelves too far, for they would do confiderable mifchief to the trees and fruit. When once thefe deftruftive little creatures attack J)ut one fingle branch of a tree, they would, in avery ihort time,. over-run the whole if not ilopped, and would fpoil the young fhoots, and deftroy the leaves at a furprifmg rate ; and when once the leaves of a tree are gone, there is but little good to be cxpe^ed from the fruit that year. Therefore, as foon as infects appear upon any part of the trees,itisadvifeable both to prune away fuch parts of the flioots, and to pull off all the vvorft leaves that are infefted with them; that is, fuch as are (hrivelled, or much curled up ; then ftrew fome tobac- co-duft over all the branches and leaves; repeating it oc- cafionally, which will contribute confiderably towards deftroying and preventing the vermin from breeding. Watering wall-trees, &c. thus infelled with infefls, often prGves beneficial, provided it is often repeated in dry hot weath£T, and the water thrown againil the trees v/ith fome force. Fumigating the trees with fmoak of tobacco, as hinted in the work of laH month, will alio deftroy fmall infetts. Engine for nxiatering the Branches of Trees. For the purpofe of watering the branches of the above wall-trees, there is nothing fo ufeful aad convenient as a hand-watering errgitte. By the help of this fmall engine, a perlbn may ftand en- the walks, and with ^re.it eai'e and expedition throw the water againft any part of the trees, from the bottom to the top of the wall, even, if the wall is fifteen or twenty feet high; and is by far theeafieft, readieft, andmoft expeditious way of watering the branches of thefe trees, and this is alfo an effe^ual way of watering them j for the engine will throw the May^.] The Fruit Garden. 231 the water with fach force againfl the trees, as to dlfplace ca- terpillars, and other infers, and will effedually clear the leaves and branches from duft, cobwebs, and from any fort of filth they may have at any time contrafted ; and if the waterings are repeated now and then, in very dry weather, but few infedh can breed upon the trees. So that where in- fects any time appear, and if it be dry weather let the trees be well daihed with water from the above engine, once every day for a week : it will greatly diminifh their numr bers, if not totally deftroy them, provided it be done be- fore the infedls have fpread too far. This engine may alfo be ufed occailonally In waterinor, in dry weather, the branches of efpalier trees, and young or old liandard trees, where any of the branches are at any time attacked by infetSls of any fort. Thefe engines are both uleful and cheap. The bed are thofe made of tin and copper, and may be bought at any of the tin-fhops, &c. from about eight or ten fhillings to one or two guineas, &c. according to the fize. Some forts are fixed in a large tin, or copper vCiTel for containing the water, and placed on a garden water- barrow occallonally, for the more ready moving it to different parts, other forts of a more fimple conftruction, that when ufed are placed in a large pr.il, or tub, filled with water ; {o holding the engine with one hand and work it with the other. Watering ne-M -planted ^rees. New-planted trees, both llandards and dwarfo, agalnil walls or efpaliers, fhould in very dry weather be well wa- tered at the root about once a week; it will alfo be of great fervice to water the branches of the new-planted trees, now and then, in dry weather. y}}ies. Vines now fhoot vigoroufly, and they will produce, be* fides bearing and other ufeful fhoots, numbers that are aK together ufelefs, which muft now be all cleared away and the fooner the better. It is not every furamer that is favourable to the ripening of grapes ; but it is in everyone's power to give them great affiilance, by a right ordering of the vines at this early time; aad where this work is executed in a timely and proper manner^ 1232 The Fruit Garden-.. [May- manner, the bunches of thefe fruit may be brought to be Jarge and handfome, and much fooner and better ripened: than what i^ commonly done. To do this, the vines mull now be perfectly well cleared from all forts of ufelefs Ihoots of ths year ; and, at the fame time, all the fru't-bearing, and other well-placed ufeful fhoots, Ihould be nailed up regularly, and clofe to the wall.. This work fhould be done before the fiioots begin to en- tangle, or any way interfere with each other ; for there is a great deal of advantage attends this early dreifing, both in affording an opportunity of performing the work with more expedition and regularity, and for the greater benefit of the trees and fruit ;. obferving, that all the immediate bearing fhoots which now difcover the advancing young bunches of fi uit upon them, muft be left; and fuch other fhoots as have ftrength, and are very well fituated for training in, for the purpofe of bearing the next year, mufl alfo be left in places where they are apparently wanted, and can pof- fibly be trained in. But all weak draggling fhoots, fuch particularly as often rife immediately fromthe old wood, are ufelefs, and mufl now be cleared away, wherever they are produced ; and even flrong ihoots that are deftitute of fruit, and rife in places v.here they are evidently not want- ed, or are not well placed for training in for the ferviceof next year, fhould be difplaced. When this is done, let all the bearing-lhoots, and all others that are ufeful, and left in right places, be nailed up clofe to the wall, in regular order 3 and do not top- any of the fhoots now, but let each be trained up at its full length for the prefent; and let every fhoot be laid in flraight, and clear of another, in a regular manner, fo that all the branches and fruit may equally enjoy the ad- vantage of the fun and free air. After this, obferve that ail ihoots that rife in any part of the vines, muA be conftantly rubbed off according as they are produced J and by no means fuffer thofe fmall Ihoots to remain, which commonly rife from the fides of the fame fummer's fhoots that are now laid in ; but let thefe be duly rubbed off as foon as they begin to ad- vance. The early fummer dreffing of vines, in refpefl to prun- ing, may be effefted with the finger and thumb, while the ihoots are auite young and herbaccou.^ ; as the ufelefs fliOOtS May.] The Fruit Garden. 23J ihoots may then, without a knife, be very expeditioufty rubbed off clofe to the mother wood. Vineyards, ' The vines in the vineyard ihould alfo be gone over now ; and this ihould be done, fome time between the middle and the laft day of the month. Ail the Ihoots that have fruit upon them, and others that are ftrong and well placed, for the fervice of another year, muft now be trained up clofe and regular to the ilakes. At the fame time, let the vines be cleared from all ufelefs wood : that is, all fmall dangling fhoots mull be cleared away, in every part where they appear ; like- wife all fuch Ihoots as are barren of fruit, and are produced in places where they cannot be properly trained for the next year's ufe, muft alfo be rubbed off clofe ; then let the proper Ihoots be trained up in a regular manner, fo that each may receive an equal benefit of fun and air ; both of which are abfolutely neceffary to promote the growth of the fruit, and alfo to ftrengthen the fhoots which are for next year's fervice. . The vines, after this, mull be conftantly cleared from all ihoots that are afterwards produced ; and this ihould be duly praftifed, as often as new fhoots any where ap- pear; for if thefe were permitted to remain, they v^ould not only fhade the fruit a great deal too much, but would alfo rob them, and the principal fhoots, of fome part of their nourifhment. Keep the ground between the rows of vines perfedly clear from weeds. This fhould be particularly obferved during the fum- mer feafon ; for it is a great advantage to the growth, and. timely ripening of the fruit, to keep the furface of the ground about the vines always clean ; and where that is not doly obferved, the grapes will never attain perfeftion, either as to fize or flavour. Therefore, as foon as weeds begin to advance, let a hoe be applied to them in a dry day ; and where a Dutch hoe can be ufed, that inf^rument will make clean and ex^ peditious work with the weeds. Si raiv berry Plants in Bloffom. The flrawberry plants will be in full blofTom this month ; 234 The Pleasure, or [May. month; therefore, if the weather ihould prove very dry, the beds fhould be often watered to encourage the fruit to fet. During the time thefe plants are in bloffom, the beds fiiou'd be watered in dry weather about three times a week; and they fhould have fuch a watering at each time, as will reach to the roots of the plants. This is a very needful work in dry weather, and it fliould not be omitted, otherwife there will be but a very fcanty crop of ftrawberries, and thefe will be fmall and not well relifhed. Examine mtv-grafted Trees, Examine the trees of all forts that were grafted this fpring; when the graft and the flock are well united, there is no farther occafion for the clay. This is generally well efFefted by the middle, or latter er.d of this month, at which time the clay Ihould be taken away ; but let the bandages remain two or three weeks longer, or till the parts begin to fwell ; then take them off entirely. Nena-hudded Trees. • Look alfo to new-budded trees ; that is, let the trees which were budded lall fummer, be now often looked over, and take off all Ihoots that rife from the flock, near the bud. This fhould be conftantly pradlifed as often as any fhoots appear; and let them be rubbed off quite clofe ; then the Hocks having nothing to fupply but the bud, it will cer- tainly fhoot more vigoroufly. The Pleasure, or Flower Garden. Hyadnthsy Tulips, i^c, CONTINUE to defend the beds of the more curious and capital kinds of hyacinths, and tulips, now in flower, from the full fun, and all inclement weather ; and alfo the choice kinds of ranunculufes and anemones, which are now in bloom. Having, May.] Flower Garden. 135 Having, for the defence of the choicell kinds of thefe flowers, fixed hoops acrofs the beds'the former month, let the ma:o or canvas be always ready for drawing over them when there is occaficn to ihelter the plants. The mats, hz. fhculd be drav/n over every day, when the fun fhines, about nine or ten in the morning ; and fhould be taken off about four or five in the afternoon. The mats ftiuflalfo be drawn Over the hoops, to defend the flowers from heavy fncwers of rain., when fuch at any time happen. Where this fhading and fheltering thefe kinds of flowers is duly pra<^ifed, it will preferve them a long time in their fulleil beauty, at leafl a fortnight or three weeks longer than if they were to be fully expofcd ; and they will alfo be much finer. Mind that the hoops which are fixed acrofs the beds for the fupport of the mats be not too low, for that would hide and darken the flowers too much, draw them up weak, and render the bloom lefs brilliant. The beft way to preferve the bloom of thefe plants^ without weakening them, is this ; but it fhould have been done in April. On each fide of the bed, let forae flout flakes be fixed upright in the ground, at twenty inches, or two feet dif- tance from one another; and let each flake fland three or four feet high ; to thefe let hoop arches be fixed crofs the bed ; the coverings of mats or canvas are to be drawn over them occaflonally, and there will be air fafiicient to pre- ferve the flowers flrong, and their colours lively. Someperfons who are very curious, ered an awning, or fhade, of hoops and mats, over thefe flowers, high enough to walk under ; taking care that the mats come low enough on the fides, to keep the fun from darting upoa the bloom. The beds of fine tulips and hyacinths, in particular, deferve fuch a frame as this conftrufted over them : the work is foon and eaflly done, and the expence of the materials is but trifling, were they to be bought ; and no pains fhould be fpared, to preferve the beauty of the choicefl kinds of thefe defirable flowers. Hyacinths paj} Jlo This hot-bed fliould be made almoft all within the ground Dig for this purpole, a trench the breadth and length of the frame that is intended \o be placed on the bed, and let the trench be dag out eighteen inches deep. Fill this trench with well prep 2red hot dung, fhakingit in 240 The Pleasure, or [May. in regularly, and heat it well down with the fork ; and let the dung be raifed flx inches higher than the level ground, fo that the bed, from the bottom to the top, will be two feet thick of dung. As foon as the bed is made, fet on the frame and glalTes, which will bring up the heat foon, and the bed will be ready to receive the plants in five or fix days after it is made. The plants muil now, in general, be potted before they are fet into this bed. The pots £br this purpofe muft be about the middle nze, and the plants muft be placed in them, when the bed is juil in right order to receive them.. Having the pots and fome frefh earth ready, let as much of the earth be put into each pot as will cover the bottom about three or four inches ; then take up the plants, each with a ball of earth about its root, and place one plant, with its ball entire, in the middle of each pot, and fill up the vacancy with the frefh earth, within half an inch of the top of the pot, and let them be moderately watered. Place the pots immediately upon the hot-bed, as clofe together as can be. And let the cavities between the pots, be perfedlly well filled up with earth ; and this ihould be done according as the pots are placed upon the beds, bringing the earth up to the rims of them. When the pots are all in, put on the glaffes, obferving to tilt them up a little at the back of the frame every day, to let in frefli air to the plants. The plants mull be Ihaded occafionally from the fun for the firil week or ten days ; let mats be fpread over th'^ glafies ths firft three or four days, about eight or nine o'clock in the morning, and taken off about four in the afternoon ; but after this, let the plants have more and more fun every day, till they are able to bear it fully without fhrinking or flagging their leaves, &c. Be fure to admit air every day to the plants, and par- ticularly when there is a good heat, and when there is much fteam ; for if this is not obferved, the fteam will deilroy the leaves of the plants, and would, in that cafe, make an aukward and unfightly appearance. They muft be duly fupplied with water, during the time they are in this bed ; and they ftiould have a mode- rate quantity given them, at leaft once in two days. Ohferve, as the plants advance in height, to raife the frame, to give them full room to grow : this Ihould be doae in the manner as mentioned in the former month. 6 . •. • p,^t May.] Flower Garden, 241 But where there is the conveniencyof a drawing frame, fuch as mentioned laft month, it fhould now be placed over this bed, and managed in the manner there diredled. But where there is no fuch convenience, let one of the common frames be ufed, according to the following method. Fix at each corner of the bed an upright poll, about four feet hi^h ; and on the infide of each pofl: let fome auger-holes be bored, allowing fix inches between hole and hole. Then provide four iron, or wooden pins ; one for each poft, and fit for the faid holes. Then, when the frame wants to be raifed, let the pins be placed in the holes of the polls at a convenient height, andfet the frame upon the pins. When the frame wants raifmg again, fix the pins a hole higher, and fo proceed as the plants rife in height. Mind to clofe up the vacancy at bottom, at each time of advancing the frame ; this may be very eafily done, by nailing fome good thick mats round the outiide of the frame. Thefe are tiic methods commonly praftifed for drawing thefe kinds of plants to a tall ftature, wiiere required, and where there is not the conveniency of a glafs-cafe, as defcribed below: and if they are well managed this way, they may be brought to a very handfome fize. Gla/s'Ca/es for dranving Annuals, But where there is the conveniency of a glafs-cafe, the plants may ftill be brought to a greater perfection. The glafs-cafes for this purpofe are generally made about fix, feven, or eight feet wide, and as long as may be convenient ; the height mull be five or fix feet in front, and feven or eight in the back. The front mull be of glafs fallies, perfeclly upright, and face the fouth ; the back may be either of wood or brick, and both ends may be of the fame materials ; but would be better if glazed ; and the top muft alfb be of g-lafs faflies, Hoping from the back to the front. Within this the hot-bed is to be made, but there fhould be a pit formed to make it in. Let the pit be almoft the whole length, half a yard, or two feet deep, and from four to five or fix feet wide ; this is to be filled with hot-dung, or tanners bark, carrying it up N / lix d4- The Pleasure, or [May, fix inches higher than the lurface of the fioor or top of the The pots are to be placed upon tliis, plunging them to their rims in earth, as before mentioned j but if the bed be made of tan, plunge them therein, having no occalion for earth upon fuch beds to plunge the pots in. Prick out curious An7iuals n>jhich 'were /o--wn laji Month. Where any of the above curious annual plants, fuch aa combs, tricolors, &c. were fown laft month, they i(hould now be pricked out. They muil be pricked out on a hot-bed, obferving the method direded in the former months. Lefs-^tender, or Hardier annual Flo^ujcr-plants. Plant out the lefs-tender or hardier annuals into the natural ground ; this may be done any time after the mid- dle of the month, if the weather is fettled in tolerably warm, taking advantage of a rnoill feafon. Thofe which were pricked out laft month on a flight hot- bed as there direded, will be arrived to a good fize for planting out towards the latter end of the month. The African and French marigold, and chryfanthe* mums, are of thefe kinds ; alfo the marvel of Peru, China after, Indian pink, ten-week ftock, and the common kinds of balfams, capficums, and mignionette ; likewifs perficaria, and the tree and purple arnaranthufes ^ fcabi- oufes, egg-plant, love-apples, and Chinefe hollyhocks. AH thefe may now be planted out in the beds, borders, and other parts of the pleafure garden, and they will make ah agreeable appearance in two months time. Let them, be planted out in a ftiowery or moift time ^ and in an evening, after four or five o'clock, is the beft time of the day to plant them. Be fare not to remove them in dry hot weather ; for if that was done, not one plant in ten would fucceed. Take particular care in plantlrig them, to mix the dif- ferent forts in a proper manner, fo that there may be a variety of flowers in every part; and as foon as they are planted, let them all be moderately watered. If the weather proves dry, the waterings muft be re- peated, at leaft once every other evening, till the plants have taken root. Bat May.] Flower Garden. 243 But where thofe annuals of the above kinds were not pricked out laft month on a hot-bed, or elfewhere, it may now be done; or fbme of the iLrongell or more hardy, may at once be planted out for good in the borders, or other- wife ; prick the whole firft out from the feed-bed into a nurfery-bed of rich earth, in the common ground, there to remain for a month, to get ftrength, and then to be planted out for good in the borders. The nurfery-beds, in which to prick thefe plants no\V from the feed- bed, iliould be about forty inches broad; rake the furface fmooth, and put in the plants about four cr five inches diftant each way, and water them. Then it would be a great advantage to place fome hoops acrofs the beds, and let mats be drawn over them occafion- ally, to ihade the plants from the fun, till they are rooted j and the mais may alfo be ufed in cold nights to ihelier the plants. There is a great deal of advantage in pricking thefe plants out timeoully in this manner froin the feed-bed, becaufe they can be very conveniently watered and fhaded from the fcorching fun till they have taken good root and acquired ftrength; andean bealfooccafionaliyflieltered in cold nights till they are ftrong;, and hardened by degrees to bear the open air fully, night and day. They will have acquired that hardinefs and flrength i/i about four or fve weeks after they are pricked .out ; the plants muft then be taken up with fmall bails of earth, which will readily hang about their roots, and be planted care- fully, with the balls entire;, into the places where they are to remain. Solving Hardier Annuals. The feed of ten-week' flocks, China aiier, and Indian pink, may ilill be fown. You may alfo, where omitted in the two former months, ilill fow the feedr. of African iind French marigold, balfanis, chryfanthemums, and any other annuals of this clafs; but this fhouidbe done the lirli: or fecond week in the month. Thefe feeds may now be fown in a bed or border of rich light earth, in the natural ground ; and if oU-?n refre&ed with water in dry weather, and flieltered with mats in eald niglits, the plants will ccme up foon, and will grow fteely^ though they ^dli now fucceed without any fiieiter. But ii N 2 f:nvn ^44 The Pleasuiie, cr fMay. fown in a flight hot-bed,it will bring the plants on forwarder, fo as they will flower a fortnight or three weeks fooner. The plants from this fowing will be fit to plant out next month, and will come into flower in Auguft, and continue till the cold weather dellroys them. Soiv Seeds of hardy Aiinuals, Sow the feed of hardy annual flowers in the borders ; there are feveral forts that will ftillfucceed. Thefe are lupines, fweet fultan, and flos Adonis, the white and purple candy tuft ; Lobel's catchfly, and dwarf lychnis ; dwarf poppy, and Virginia flock; Venus navel- wort, and Venus looking -glafs j fnails and caterpillars; the feeds of dwarf and large annual fun-flower ; lavatera and ori- ental mallow, may alfo be fown now : likewife nafturtiums, and convolvulvus major and minor, and Tangier and fweet-fcented peas, and any other of the tribe of hardy annuals. See the catalogue. All thefe mufl be fown in fmall patches, in the borders, and other places where you would have them flower, as direded in the two former months ; for non€ of thefe forts fucceed fo well by tranfplanting. Let the fmall patches, where they are fown, be often fprinkled with water in dry weather; and where this is duly performed, the plants will come up flrong, and will produce their flowers in July, Auguft, and September. The climbing kinds of thefe plants muft have flicks placed for them to climb upon, when they begin to run. The forts which require this are, nafturtiums, and con- volvulus major, and the fweet-fcented and Tangier peas, and the like forts. Auriculas. Take good care of the auricula plants in pots, when they are paft flowering. Let the pots, according as the flowers fade, be immedi- ately removed off" the ftanA, or ftage, and place them in the full air upon a clean level fpot, where the plants can enjoy the morning-fun freely, till nine or ten o'clock, but not longer ; there let them remain till the latter end of Auguft, or till September. Keep the pots, and the ground where they ftand, per- fedly clear from weeds and where decayed leaves at any time May.} Flower Garden. 245 time appear on the plants, let them be immediately taken off; and, in dry weather, refrefh the pots often with water. Remove the boxes, or tubs of feedling auriculas and polyanthufes, to a fhady place, provided it was not done before ; the place mull be open to the morning-fun only. They muft be often fprinkled with water in dry weather, and ke^t very free from weeds. Care of Seedling "Bulbs. The feedling tulips and narciffus, and other feedling bulbs, coming up this year, fhould be fcreened from th« mid-day fun, when fcorching hot. Propagate Double Scarlet Lychnis y t^c. Now propagate perennial fibrous -rooted plant?, by cut- tings of the young flower-ftalks. The double fcarlet lychnis, and feveral other fuch like plants, which rife with ftrong firm flower- ftems, will grow freely this way ; they Vv'ill be of a proper growth for this parpofe fome time in the lall fortnight of this month, andmoill weather is the bell time to plant them; and the method is this : Let fome of the young flower-ftalks be cut off clofe, and divide them into proper lengths ; each length muft have three or four joints: and they are to be planted in a fliady border of rich light earth. They mull be planted about four inches afunder ; and two joints of the cutting is to be put into the ground, and the reft left out. Clofe the earth well about them, and then let the whole havea moderate watering; and if covered down with hand-glaffes, it will- greatly forward their rooting. There are feveral other forts of the fibrous-rooted peren- nial plants, that may be increafed by this method; fuch as lychnidea, double rockets, and many others. Double Wall-foi.vers, Propagate double wall-flowers, by flips of the young flioots of the head ; the plants raifed by this method, will retain the double property and colour of the flowers, in all refpedls the fame as the parent plant, from which they were flipped. Choofe for this method of propagation, fuch flips of the young flioots as are of a fom.ewhat robuft growth, from N 3 three 246 The Pleasure, or [May. three or four to five or fix inches long ; and let them be flipped oiF carefully from the mcther-plant, in a moifl. or cloudy day ; taking them off clofe to the place from whence they proceed. Take off the leaves at the bottom of the flips, rather more ihan half wny up, fo that there m.ay be two, three, cr four inches of a clear llalk, according to the length of the flip. Tvvifl the ftalks a little at bottom, and then plant them. The-, aie to be planted in a fhady border, about four or five inches afundcr, and put into the earth up to the leaves, and then give them fonie water. Do not forget to refrelh them often, in dry weather, with moderaie v/aierings, and they will be well rooted by the end of September, when they may be taken Hp, with balls of earth about the roots, and planted in pots, in order to be moved into fiielter in time of {t\cx^ frollsin winter. The wail flowers which were raifed laft year from {t^(\y will now be in flov^er, and fome of them will probably be Goub'e ; for it fometimes happens when the {^^A has been fav^d frr-m the fineft fingle iicwers, that one plant in ten, or perhaps twenty cr thirty, or thereabouts, will come d^jubie ; and at other times not one in a hundred, and fometimes in five hundred, will prove multiple. Therefore, where double flowers of a deep blood colour oil-er among the feediing plants, now is the time to propa- gate that lort, by taking off as many ilips as you can from It, preparing and planting rhem as above directed. For the greater chance of haviilg doable wall-flowers from feed, the florifts are careful to fave the feed, if pof- fible, from fuch Angle flowers as are fituated near double ones ; though we do not pretend to fiy this has any par- ticular effect ; however, if any of thofe fingle ones have five petals or flower- leaves, they are to be preferred as the beft from which to fave feed. The beginning of this month is fliil a proper time to fow wall-flower feed for flowering next year. Tuhevofes. Plant fome tuberofe-rocts to blow in autumn. Get fome fmall pots, and fill them with light earth ; plant one root in each pot ; then, place the pots upon a hot-bed, plunging them in the earth to their nms. Keep May.] Flower Garden". 04.7 Keep the glaiTes over them, but raif'e them behind every day, to let out the ileam. Give very little water till the roots begin to pufh, then let them be moderately watered, about three times a week ; and at the fame time let the glaiTes be tilted a good height at the back of the frame, to admit a coniiderable deal of free air alfo to them; for this is neceffary to llrengthen the flower- ft alks, as they rife in height. Obfcrve v/hen tlie plants have rifen near the glafs, to- raife the frame, as diredled for the curious annuals, that they may have room to Ihoot without being drav/n up wesk." Where there Is the conveniency of a hot hcufe, or flov?, thefe plants nny be brought to a very great perfectioiv there, with very little trouble. The roots are to be planted in pots as above ; and the pots are to be plunged to their rims in the bark-bed, wateiing them as above-mentioned. Tranfplant Perennial Flower Plants. Tranfplant the perennial and biennial flower plants which were fown in March ; fome forts will be grown to a proper fize to remove by the third or fourth week of the month. The wall-flowers, in particular, and flock July flowers, will be ready to tranfplant by that time ; and alfo colum- bines, and fweet-willianis, lingle fcarlet lychnis, rofe- camplon, and catch-fly, and the pyramidal campanulas, or Canterbury bells, and Greek valerian, with the tree- primrofe, fox-gloves, French noneyfuckles, and holly- hocks, and fach other forts as were Ibwn early in the fpring. They mufl all be planted now info nurfery-beds, where they mufi; remain to get ftrength, before they are planted cut for good. Dig for this purpofe, a fpot of good c'ean ground, and divjde it into beds, three feet a. id a half broad, and rake the fur face even. Then put in the plant? by line, fix inches diilance each way, and each Ibrt feparate. As foon as they are planted, let them be moderately watered, to feitle the earth well about their roo.o. All thefe are to iiemaiii in the narfery-beds till Septem- N4 • ber ii48 The Pleasure, cr [May. ber or Oftober, then to be planted out for good ; they will all flower next yea*, and make a fine appearance. Soijo Perenniul Floi^jer-feeds, Many forts of perennial and biennial flower- feeds may yet be fovvn ; but this fliould be done in the firft or fecond week in the month, and the plants will come up llrong, and attain a proper growth, reproduce flowers abundantly the next fummer. The forts which will ftill fucceed, are the different forts of flock July flowers, wall-flowers, fweet-williams, and columbines, carnations and pinks, and the feeds of fca- bioufes; Canterbury or pyramidal bell-flowers may alfo be fown now; likewife hollyhocks, and French honey- fuckles, and fome other forts : choofe a fpot for thefe feeds, where the ground is light, free from weeds, and not much expofed to the fun. Let this be neatly dug, and, in digging, let the earth be well broken ; and then mark it out into as many parts as there are kinds of feeds intended to be fown. Then the feeds are to be fcattered thereon as equally as pofiible, and raked in with an even hand, that the plants may rife regular, and of an equal thicknefs in every part. But the befl method to fow all thefe kinds of feeds, fo as to bury them equally, and to have the plants come up regularly, is this : The ground being dug, let the furface be neatly raked ; then divide it into fmall beds, forty inches broad ; and with the back of the rake, turn the earth, to the depth of half an inch off from the furface of the bed, into the alley. When this is done, let the feeds be fcattered carefully on the furface ; and then with the teeth o:" the rake, draw the earth, that was turned off the bed, evenly over them. Then let the beds be very lightly gone over with a rake, juil to fmooth the furface, and draw off any ilones. Or they may be fowed in flat fhallow drills, drawn with the front of a fmall hoe held horizontally, forming the drills the width of the hoe, and from about a quarter or half an inch to an inch deep, according to the fize of the different feeds, which fow regularly along the bottom of the drills, and cover them in evenly with the earth. May.] Flower Garden. 249 Dejiroy Weeds, Deftroy weeds in every part where they appear ; they are now of quick growth, and will get a head, if not dis- turbed in due time. They are not only hurtful to the plants, but appear extremely difagreeable to the eye, efpecially where they are fuffered to grow in the confpicuous part of the garden. Therefore, make it a rule to cut them off as foon as they appear in thefe parts, either by hand or hoe ; where there is room for the hoe, let that inftrument be ufed in dry days, and then let the borders, or other parts, be neatly raked, to draw the weeds and all other litter oiF. Grafs and Gra-vel Walks. Mow grafs walks and lawns, they will now require it often: to keep thefe parts in tolerable good order, the grafs fhould be mown about once a week. Keep gravel walks now in the beft order, let no fort of litter be feen upon them ; and when weeds appear, let them be immediately picked out. Thefe walks Ihould alfo be duly rolled ; this Ihould be done in general about twice a week ; however, do not fail to roll them well always once in that time. After ihov/ers of rain, the gravel walks fliould, at this feafon, have occafional good rollings, with the heaviell roller J for this will mak- the body of the walk firm, and render the furface very clofe and fmooth. Take Care of Floiver Borders. Let the borders next the main walks and lawns, be alfo- kept in perfect good order. They fhould be kept perfeilly free from v/eeds, and all litter fpringing fiom the plants, fuch. as decayed leaves, and all fuch flioots, Sec. as advance in a ilraggling manner, Ihould all be cleared away : and all the plants as advance to any confiderabie height, fhould be kept in an upright pofition, by tying them up to flakes, and the furface of the borders fhould be now and then raked fmooth, which will give them a frelh and lively appearance. Support Flonvering Plants, Now place flicks to all fuch plants as fland in need of fupport. There are many forts that will now need this N 5 afiiilance; 2^o The Nursery. [May. aiTiilance ; and the fooner this is done, the ftronger and handibmer the plants will grow. But in doing this work, let fome care be taken to pro- portion the length of the Hicks, to the iize and height of the diiFerent plants which are to be fupported. In placing the flicks, oblerve always to thruft them down on that fide of the plant where they can be lead feen ; for though the intent is to keep the plant perfedly upright and firm in its place, yet, at the fame time, the art is to hide, as much as poflible, the flick that fup- ports it. The fame care fhould be taken in tying them up : the ftem or llalks of the plant muil be brought clofe to the flick, and tied to it in different places ; but let each tying be done in a very neat manner, and not in that very care- Ig{s and clumfy way too commonly pradifed. It is a very great advantage to the growth and beauty of plants, to fecure them well from the power of the wind, and to train them with ftraight and upright Hems; and this, in particular,- fhould always be duly attended to. The Nursery. THE great care of the nurfery now, is to deflroy v/eeds in every part wherever they appear, and to give wa- ter duly to all fuch plants as require it. The feed-beds of all young trees and fhrubs fhould now, in particular, be kept remarkably clear from weeds ; and this mufl always be done by a very careful hand- weeding. Watering Seedling Plants. Obferve at this time, if the weather fhould prove dry, the feed-beds of evergreens and curious flowering flirLibs and tree?, in which the young plants are coming up this year, or thiit have jull rifen, or expected to rife loon, &c. fhould be ofien refrefhed with water. In watering thefe beds, take good care not to do it too haftilv, for that would be apt to v/aih the earth away, and expofj the tender roots to the fun, which would burn them up. There^ May.] Th:e Nursery. 051 Therefore, let the water be given frequent and mode- rate, which will be of great fervice; and about three gentle waterings a week, or one every other evening, will be fufiicient. Shade Seedlings. The tenderer feedling evergreens, fuch as pines, cedars,, cyprefs, and many other forts, newly come up, or juft rifing, and which are fomewhat delicate while in their infmt flate, that if now occafionally ihaded from the fun in the middle of hot days, it will prove ^tx'^ beneficial to their growth. Water ne-iu 'Plantations. The plantations of young tender evergreens, and, the more curious forts of flowering fhrubs, &c. which were tranfplanted in March, and lalt month, fhould, if the weather now proves day, be often watered. This is a very needful work in dry weather; and, where time will permit, it fhould not be omitted, to the more curious and valuable forts particularly: the v^ater- ings fhould be performed once in five or fix days, or a v/eek, during any very dry time in this month ; till. they, take good root, and iTiew ligns of a free grov.'th. Likewife, obferve to continue fome mulch on the fur- face of the ground, over the roots of fome of the- more curious or tender kinds of thefe fhrubs, for this will be ©f great fervice in preventing the fun from drying the earth too fait about them. And, y^^h^ro. this is done in a proper manner, they will not need, at any time, to be vv-a- teredoftcner than once in fix or eight days, and that only till they have taken good root and begin to grov/ freely. 'Propagate E^ergreetis, ^c. hy Layers, About the latter end of this month, begin to propagate fuch evergreens and other fhrubs by layers, of the young flioots cf the fame year, which do not fucceed by iajers of the older wood. This method of laying the young wood is now princi- pally to be underf^ood of fuch kinds as do not put out roots freely, from -any but the young flioots of the fame fummer's growth ; and in fome forward jQiooting forts, N 6 the 25^ The Nursery^ [May. the fhoots will probably be grown to a proper fize for that purpofe, by the third or fourth week in the month. Therefore, about that time, if the young Ihoots be long enough, let Tome of the pliable branches, that afford the flrongeft and beft young llioots be brought down gently to the ground, and there let them be faftened fecurely with llfong hooked pegs ; then let the young fhoots be laid into the earth, and covered two or three inches deep with it, leaving about two or three inches of the top of each fhoot out of the ground. As foon as th^y are layed, give a moderate watering to fettle the eanh properly about them ; then lay a little mulch, or fome long litter, thinly on the furface.* After this, let the earth be very moderately watered in ■dry weather, every five or fix days ; and be fare not to give too much water at a time, for that would be apt to rot the tender roots, according as they break out. Though this method of laying in the young wood is defigned chlefiy for fuch evergreen and other fhrubs as do not readfiy put forth roots from the older fhoots, yet it need not be confined to any particular forts : 'for there are many kinds that may be propagated by the fame pra<5lice, and the trial may be made on any fuch forts as you defire to increafe. The proper time to perform this work, is from about the latter end of May or beginning or middle of June, to tlie end of July, according as the fhoots of the diiierent irrts of fhrubs arrive to a proper growth for laying ; and, if proper fhoots are chofen, and thefe properly laid, they will, many of them, be well rooted, and in a condition to he feparated from the mother plant by the beginning of tiie following Oftober. 2'Je about, between plant and plant in' the row; as foon as they are planted, give them fome water, and repeat it occafionally till they have taken root. Thefe plants will, m about a month or fix weeks after they are planted oat, require to b^ moderately earthed ifp; and this is done in order to reader the ilalks white and tender: the earthing ihem muft be performed in dry days; the earth muii he Broken fmall, and take care to lay it gently to both iidcs of the plants, and not to earth them too high at iirll, left you bury the heyts ; this earth- ing fhouJd, after you begin, be repeated every fortnigiit, or thereabouis, till tiie plants are ready for ufe., See Ji'l]\ Tranfplant endive for blanching; fome of the firfl Town plants of May will be ready for this by the middle, or towards the latter end of the month. An open foot of good ground muft be chofen for thefe plants ; let it be neatly dug, -one fpade deep, and rake the furface fmooth. Then piit in the plants by line, about a foot afunuer every way, and let them have fome water as foon as t'^cy are planted. But there fhould not be many of thefe early fown plants planted out; that is, not to deceive yourfelf in planting out enough for a main crop : for the plants, if they were fown in May, will moft of them be apt to run to feed be- ibre they arrive to any tolerable ftate of matuiity. Sow en dive-fee i for a principal crop, and to fucceed thofe which were fown the former month. O The 266 The Kitchen Garden. [June. The bell endive to fow for a fall crop is the green curled fort; this fort is not only the beft for ufe, but the har- diell, for it will endure wet and cold better than any ''Other kind. But you may likewife fow, as a variety for a fallad, fome of the white curled fort. There is a fort with broad leaves, called Batavia en- dive ; this is the bell fort for ilewing ; it grows very large, and, if tied up, will cabbage well, and be very white, and • cats alfo well in a fallad: but this fort is not hardy, for it foon rots in anvet autumn, and a moderate froit will kill it. Let all thefe forts of endive feed be fown in an open fpot, not too thick, and rake it in equally. It will be proper to fow fome of this feed at two different times this month, which is the only v/ay to have a regular fapply of good plants. But for the main nutumn and winter crop, generally fow about the fecond, third, and fourth week in the month ;^ for that which is iowii earlier is very apt to run up for feed early in autumn, and before it arrives to its full growth. Lettuces, The lettuce-plnnts, which were fown in May, fhould now be tranfplanted into an open fpot of good ground. Let this be done in moiil weather; for thefe plants will not fucceed well if planted out in a dry time ; but where there is a neccffiry of planting them out in dry weather, let the following method be pradlifed. Draw, with a fmall hoe, fome ih allow drills, about a foot afunder, and then plant one row of lettuces in each drill, fetting the plants alfo a foot from one another, and give them fome water. By placing thefe plants in drills, they can be more con- veniently watered ; and a fmaller quantity will do, than if planted on level ground, for the moifture will be much Ion;er retained ; this is therefore the bell method of plant- ing them at this feafon. So'iv Lettuce-feed. Sow lettuce-feed to raife fome plants to fupply the table in A uguH and September. Th%, June] T II E K I T C H E N G A R D E N-. 2 C'J. The beft kinds to fov/ now are the cofs, admirable, Si- J?ria, and brown Dutch lettuces, for autumn fervice. Bat it will be advifeable to fovv a little feed of each of thsfe forts, and of any others that are approved of, and there will be a greater chance of having a conllant fupply of good, plants in variety, and regular fucceflion. It will be neceiTary to fow fome of each of thefe feeds twice this month ; that is, let a little be fown fome time in the firft or fecond week, and fow fome more about the eighteenth or tv/entieth of the month. Radijlyes. Sow a fucceflion of falmon and fhort-top radifh to dr^w next month, if a fupply of young ones are- required dur- ing; the fummer ; obferve as in lall month, &c. Likcwife about the latter end of this month may {<:>\^ a few Spanilh turnep-rooted radifh. Seey«/y 2x\^AugiiJi, Small Sallading, Sow crefles and muftard, and other fmallfallad- feeds at leaR once every week. Thefe feeds muft now be fown in the Ihade, and the place where they are fown fhould be often refrelheci in dry weather with water, and this fhould be praftifed both be- ibre and after the plants begin to appear. Prick out Caulifo'vcers. The cauliflower-plants which were fown in May, for the Michaelmas crop, fhould, in the third or fourth week in this month, be pricked out into a ni^rfery-bed of rich earth. ^Prepare for them a bed about forty inches broad, in an open, fituation ; then put in the plants, three inches afun- der, or thereabout, and give them a little water to fettle the earth well about their roots. It will be proper to fliade them from the hot fun till they have taken good root, for this v/ill be a great ad- vantage; and they muft alfo be occafionaily watered; that is, if the weather fhould prove dry. -The plants are to remain in- this bed a month or fix weeks, to get ftrcngth, and then to be planted out for good in the places where they are to remain to produce their heads. O 2 Carr 1268 The Kitchen Garden. [June. Care of early Cauhfioivcrs no-x arrtulng to PcrfeSlion. Continue to look over tlie plantations of early cauli- flowers now and then, in order to break down fome of ttie inner leaves, over the young heads, according as they appear. Thefe plants, efpecially thofe ilill coming into flower, Should in very dry weather be well watered, which will keep the plants in a growing ilaie, and produce very ii.rge flowers or heads. Make a bafon round each plant to contain the water. If they have one. or two hearty waterings, that is, about one or tv/o pots to each plant, fo as to moillen the earth as far as their roots extend, they will want no more, and the bafon which was formed to contain the water may then be filled up again. Sa've CauUfio^jjer-feed. To fave cauliflower-feed ihould now mark fome of the earlieft plants when in full perfe^lion, with the largefl, white, and clofeft heads, which mull not' be gathered, and the plants left in the fame pLice ; they will fhoot up into feed Ilalks in July and Augull, and ripen feed in September. - 7urneps, Now fow a full crop of turneps for autumn ufe. The feed may h? fown any lime in this month ; but feme time be:ween the tenth and twenry-fifth of the month is the beft time to fow the principal autumn crop. However, let the feed be f:>.vn, if poflible, in a drip- /ping time; or, at lenil, when there is a profped of rain • failing foon. Take gocd care to f av this feed equally, and rake or harrow it in immediately ; being careful to do this With a very even hand. Hoc the turneps v/hich were iown in May, and thin the plants in a regular manner. This work fhould always be begun when the plants haAC gotten rough leaves about :n inch broad; fcr then the woik can be performed with expedition and regularity ; and, if done in time, will be of great advantage to the growth of the plants. Leave the plants tight inches dil'Rant f.cm cne another, tkt thereabout. Carrots June] The Kitchen Garden. 269 Carrots and Parfneps, The crops of carrots and parfneps now demand parti- cular care. They muft be cleared thoroughly from weeds, and let the plants, where they itinJ too thick, be thinned out to proper diilances ; but let this be done in due time ; for it is a great advantage to thefe plants to alldw them timely room to grow. Let tht-m be thinned regularly, aHowing fix or eight inches dli^ance between plant and plant. But in thinning the carrots, it will be proper to obferve the fime rule as dire^fted in May j that is, let thofe which are to Hand to take their full growth, be allowed the fame dirtance between plant and plant as above mentioned ; but where the carrots are intended to be drawn while young, thin them only to about four cr five inches dif- tance from one another at prcfcnt, and when arrived to a quarter or half an inch fize, may thin them by degrees ibr ufe. Red Beet, The crop of red beet fliould be thinned and cleared from weeds. The feeds of thefe plants are often fown In drills, ten inches or a foot afunder, and it is a very good way j and \vhere«that method was pradifed, you can now readily clear out the weeds and thin the plants; obferving to thin them to ten or twelve inches diitance in the rows, fo that they may ftand that diilance every way from one another. Alfo where the feed was fown broad-cail, fo as the plants ftand promifcuoufly, they muft likewife be cut out to tlie above diltance, and the roots v/ill grow to a larg? fize. White and green Beet. White and green beet are propagated only for their leaves, which are ufed in foups ; and fometimes, when the leaves of the large white beet are grown to a large fize, they are by fcm.e ilripped to the mid-rib, which is alfo peeled and ftevved, and eaten like afparagus. Thefe plants muft alfo be allowed good room to grow, for their leaves fpread a great way ; let them therefore b« thinned to the fame diftance advifed for the red beet. O 3 Onions^ 270 The Kitchen Garden. [June. Clean the crops of onions, and where the plants Hand too clofe let them now be properly thinned. This may be performed either by fiijail hoeing or hand; but the former is the moll: expeditious and eifedual me- thod for the benefit of the crop, being careful to thin the plants with great regularity, leaving the moft promiling thereof for the crop, from about three to four or five inches diilance in thofe defigned for the full crop ; ob- ferving the Portugal onions require more room than the other kinds. But fuch crops as ^re intended to be culled out gra- dually for ufe while young, need not bs thinned but mo- derately, or only jull: where they grow in cluiiers ; and afterwards in drawing them occaiion^.lly for ufe, thin them re'j;ularly, leaving a fufficiency of the beft plants to Hand to bulb. Thefe plants fliould be kept conftantly \Qiy free from weeds. For the particular manner of cleaning and thinning thefe plants, fee the work of May, Leeks. Now tranfplant leeks; the plants will be grown to a proper fize for this purpofe" by the third or fourth week in the month. « They muil be planted in an open fpot of good ground, eight inches afunder, and about fix inches from one ano- ther in the row. Broccoli, Prick out from the- feed- bed, the young broccoli plants which were fown in May. Dig for them a bed or two of good mellow ground, and make the furface even ; then pur in the plants three or four inches afunder every way. Water them immediate- ly, and repeat it occafionally in dry weather. Let thera remain in this bed about a month or five vyeeks, and then plant them out for good. Sow more broccoli feed. This fowing fhould be per- fcrmed in the fecond or third week of the month ; that is, if to,fucceed the plants of thofe fown in May ; but if none June.] The Kitchen Garden. 271 none was then {.:wn, it is moll nece/Tary to fovv fome ia the firrt week in this month. Thefe pLmrs mfed from this fowing will produce good, heads in March. Bore- Cole. The brown-cole, or bore-cole plants wjiich were Town in the beginning of lad month, or in April, fhould no^v have a quantity thinned out from the feed-bed, and pricked into a nurfcry-bed. Put thefe plants four inches afunder each way ; and there let them grow about a month or fix weeks, by which time they will have acquired ftrength, and mull then be planted out where they are to remain, the diftance as below. Likewife let a quantity of the forvvardell bore-cole plants, which were raifed in March or April, be planted out finally to remain in rows two feet and a half afunder, and water them. Kidney-Beans, Plant another crop of kidney-beans; they will fucceed thofe which were planted lall month. Any of the dwarf kinds, may Hill be planted any time in this month. But, in order to have a regular lupply, it will be proper to plant a crop in the iiril week ; and let fome more be planted about the twentieth, and towards the latter end of the month. The' climbing, or running kinds of kidney-beans of any forts may alfo, wh.^re required, be planted now. The beil kinds of them to -plant at this time are, the white Dutch for!:, and alfo the fcailet blo/Fom, and large white kind ; thefe forts are exceeding good bearers, and none better to eat. Thefe running kinds lliould be planted in the firll or fecond week of the month, if for a full crop; though they will fucceed any time in this month, but the fooner the better; and thofe which are planted at this time will be- gin to bear abundantly in Auguil, and will continue till October, provided the weather proves any thing mild till that fcafon. In planting the different kinds of kidney-beans, do not fall 10 allow each fort room enough ; that is, let drills be opened for the running kinds, at leait three feet and a O 4 half. 272 The Kitchen Garden'. [June. half, or four feet nfunder ; and allow for the dwarf kinds, two feet and a half, or a yard dillance between drill and drill. In planting any kinds of kidney-beans, it will now be proper, if the ground be very dry, to water the drills well before you put in the beans. This fhould not be omitted in a dry time, as it will promote the free fprouting of the beans, and they will rife fconer and mere regularly. Now draw fome earth to the flerhs cf the kidney-beans v/hich were planted laft month; for this will Ihengthen the plants, £ind brin^ them forward greatly in their giowth. Likewife place flicks, or poles, to the running kinds of k' Jney-beans. which were planted the beginning of May ; ar.d let this be dene in proper time". This fhould be done as foon as the plants begin to fend' out their runners, for ihey will then catch ihe flicks readily. Afparagus, Afparagiis ftill continues in perfedion ; cbferving to cut cr gather the buds, as.d:re6led laft month. But let it be remembersd, it is advifeable to terminate the general cutting for that year foon after the twentieth cr twenty-fourth of the month, otherwife it will greatly v/eaken the roots; for io long as yoir continue to cut the buds, the roots continue to fend up new ilicots, tho* t\tTy time they will be fmaller; and the roots would io greatly exhauft themfelves, as not to be capable of pro- ducing any but very fm all buds next year^ Before the afparagus run up to ftalks, you fliould now clear the beds perfedly from weeds j for that work cannot be fo readily done after the ftalks have fhot up to a great height. • Great care (hould now be taken to keep the afparagus, planted laft fpring, perfeftly clear from weeds. And the young plants which were fown in the fpring will now be up, and fliould be carefully hand-weeded. Teas and Beans, Peas may ftill be fown, and you may alfo plant beans. Though thofe peas and beans which are planted at this fcafon do not always fucceed in bearing abundantly, it will, however, -where there is ground at liberty, be worth the trial, to put in a few of each, at two or three ditFe- rent June.] The Kitchen Garden. 273 rent times in this month ; and if the feafon fhould prove fomewhat moiit, there will be a great chance of reaping a tolerable crop from them in Augull and September, at which time they will be a rarity. The beft beans to plant now, are the fmall kinds; none better than the white blofTom, fmall Spanidi, long pods, miimford, mazagau, and the like kinds ; 1 have gathered plentifully from thefe forts at Michaelmas. But the large kinds of peas, fuch as marrowfiits, SrC' may ftill be fown ; and it will be alfo proper to fow a few of the bell kinds of the hotfyur and dwarf peas. Obferve, that if the weather and ground be very dry,, it will be proper to foak the peas and beans in watei- for a few hours. Let the water be taken from a pond or river,, and let the feed lie in eight or ten hours ; then fow or plant them. Let them be planted in fuch a part of the ground where it inclirwes to benatuially mcillell; but do nor, for the fake of this plant them in a ihady place ; for in fuch a fituation the plaats of this fowing would draw up, and come to aothing; and remember to allow them fufficient room between the rows, for much depends upon that at this time of fowing. Top your beans which are now in. bloffom, obferving the rules mentioned iall month. Savoys ami Cahlages». Now is the time to plant a full crop of favoys and'cib- < bages for autumn and winter fervice. Likewife plant out the red cabbages which were fowa ■ in the fpring, and they will be well cabbaged by Oftober. ^ In planting outall thefe kinds take opportunity of moifl or fhowery weather, if pofuble, which v/ill be of confider- able advantage ; planting them in rows two feet^ and a ; half afunder, by two feet diilance in eacii row^; and if dry weather, give water at planting, &:c. But in gardens where tliere is no ground- vacant from: other crops, or where there is a necefiity of making tha moH of every piece of kitchen ground, yon.may, in thefe cafes, plant the favoy and "cabbage-plants, between rows of forward beans, and early cauiiliowers, or fuch like crops as ftand diftant in rows,, and are fooa to come oiF the ground, O 5 Sonjuing •274 The Kitchen Garden. [June. Solving Cabbage-Seed. ^ You may now fow cabbage-feed ; the plants from this fowing will produce iine young heads in October, Novem- ber, and December. Plant Pot-herbs i and other ArG7na.tic Plants. Plant out from the feed-bed, the young thyme, favory, fweet- marjoram, and hyffop. The plants will be ready to remove about the third or fourth week in the month ; but let it done, if poffible, in a fhowery time. Prepare fome beds for that purpofe, three feet and a half-broad ; rake the furface fmooth, and then. put in the plants. Plant them by line ; fetting them fix or eight inches afunder every way, and water them, Thefe herbs arc fometimes planted in edgings, along that of a bed or border: which is often praiflifed in private gardens. But when this is intended, you may, i.f you pieafe, fow the feed in that order in the fpring ;■ (owing it in fmall drills, and fo permitting the plants to remain whei-e thus fown ; bat the plants will grow more flraggling than thofe that are tranfpianted. Plant out alfothe borage, burnet, clary, marigold, an- gelica, and cardans, and all other pot and phyfical herbs that were fown in the fpring or laft autumn. Flant them a foot or fifteen inches diftance every way. But the borage fucceeds bell without tranfplanting: only obferving to thin the plants to about a foot dilfaVice every way ; and the marigolds inay alfo -be treated in the ilime manner ; but thefe will fucceed well enough cither way. Plant, where wanted, flips of fage ; take the young flioots of'the year, and they will take root tolerably well, any time in this month ; plant them in a ihady border. The-flips or cuttings of thyme, favory,- and hyffop, may alfo ftill be planted where required. Likewife plant, where required,- flips, or- cuttings- of lavender, and lavender-cotton, rue, rofemiary, and the like kinds of plants. ' . ' L'et the above Hips or cuttings be planted in a fhady fituation ; and, in dry weather, let them bv now and then I moderately June.] The Kitchen Garden. 275 moderately watered : if this is done, not one in ten will fail. Gather Mint, tjjc. Gather mint towards the end of this month, .for drying, provided the plants are nearly of full growth/ and begin- ning to flower ; and alfo for that purpofe, gather all fuch kinds of phyfical plants as are no\y in flower. Thefe forts of plants Ihould be always gathered whea they begin to flower ; for they/are then in the greateil perfetftion, and much the befl for.thijr feveral purpofss j norfliould they be gathered before that^eriod. They muil be cut in a dry day, and immediately fpread, or hung up, in a dry airy room, out of the reach of the fun, where they may dry gently." Never lay thefe herbs- in the fun to dry ^ for that would exhauil them too much, and render them ufelefs. '*■ Cut pepper-mint for drilling ; and alfo fpear-mint, and the like. Thefe and all other plants that are intended to be dif- tilled fnoiild alfo be gathered for that purpofe, when they are arrived almofl: to full growth, and beginning to flower, as jufl above obferved ; therefore, if they do not begin to flower this month, defer cutting them till next. But be fure to cut them in a dry day -, and let the plaats be alfo thoroughly di-y. r. CapJicicriiSy Lo^ije Apples, and BafiL Plant out capficums, love apples, and bafll, if not done. lalt month ; fee the methods there diied-ed ; and chooi'c- fiiowery weather for planting them. -- * Watering in general. Water, in dry weather, all the diiTerent kinds of plants which have been lately planted out: this ihould be duly performed till the plants have taken root. Scorxonera, Sal/ajj, and Hamburgh ParJIey, ■ Thin, and clear froln weeds, the crops of fcorzonera, fajfafy, ikirrets, and large-rooted parfley ; which perform' by hoe, cutting out the plants flx inches dillance ; and cut up all weeds. O 6 Cardoo-ns, 27 <^ The Kitchen Garden. [June. Cardoons, Plant ottt cardoons into the place where they are to re- main to blanch. Thefe plants mull be allowed a pretty deal of room, in order that they may be conveniently earthed up to the proper height. Choofe a fpot of the befl ground for them, in a free fituation, and let this be very well dug ; then put in the plants in rows, allowing a yard and a half between the rows ; and fet the plants three feet and a half ^rom one another in the row. Dig no trench, as by fome pra^ifed, as for celery ; but you may either plant them on level ground, or may make holes like a bafon, in the places where the plants are to ftand, at the diilance above-men- tioned ; and fo put one plant in each hole. Let them be watered as foon as planted, and at times, till they have taken root. The reafon for fet ting the above plants at fo great a diftance from *one another; rs, as tefore faid, in order that you may be ab!e to obtain a fufficient quantity of earth between them, to land them up to a due height for blanching: for when the plants arrive at their full growth, are between three and four feet high, and they fhould be earthed up almoft to their tops, firft tying the leaves of each- plant clofe together with hay or ftrlw-bands. But foj the method of earthing them^, fee the work of September and OBober. Thef-i plants are a fpecies of artichoke, i^Cynara) their leaves being very like them ; but it is the ftalks or leaves only of the cardrons that are ufed j which is principally in foup and for ftewing ; but they muft firft be rendered perfedly white and tender, by landing up, as above-men- tioned, othej^ife would be intolerably bitter. Kadipes and Spinach. Radifhes and fpinach may ftill be fowed at two or three different times this month, if a conftant fupply of thefe plants are required : chooie an open fpace of ground, and as foon as digged, fow the k^diy each kind feparate, tread them down and rake them in evenly. Thin and weed the crops of radilhes and fpinach, whith were fowed laft month. 2 ^ The ^ [ 277 ] The Fruit Garden. Jpricot-trees, i^c, WHERE the apricot, peach, and nedarine-tre^, were not looked over, and put into proper order lail month, it mud now be done. This work Ihould be begun the beginning of the month, and followed with the utmoft di igence, till the whole is completed ; for where thefe trees are fufFered to remain long in the wild confufed manner that they naturally grow into at this feafon, it would not only prove detrimental, in a great degree, to the trees, but would alfo very much retard the growth and ripening of thefe kinds of fruit. Therefore, let thefe wall trees be no\v, in general, gone over ; taking good care to clear away all the ill-grown, and iil-piaced Ihoots ; far this will not only llrengthen, but m:ike more room, to train the ufeful fhoots in a pro- per manner to the wall. That is, let all fiich fhoots as are very luxuriant in their growth, be. in general, difplac^d ; and, alfo, all the foreright Oioot^ ; and ail foch as are not well placed for training in, muft ^Ikevvire be taken off. Let them be taken elf quite clofii to the place from v/hence they are produced. Butobferve to leave, in every part of thefe trees, a fuf- ficient quantity of the beft fhoots for the purpofe of bear- ing next year ; that is, leave all the regular and moderate growing fide fhoots, that are any ways well fituated, and can be conveniently laid in ; and, at the fame time, let them all be laid iij clofe to the wall, in a neat manner. Do not Ihorten any of the fhoots, for the reafon men- tioned lafl month ; but lay them in, large and fmall, at their full length, except occafionally Shortening any par- ticular fhoot in a vacancy, to gain more wood. Let the fhoots, in general, be laid, or nailed in, as re- gularly as can be ; and take particular care to lay them in iuch a manner as the leaves may afford a moderate fhade, in hot funny days, to the fruit: for all kinds of walUfruit thrive n^uch the. beft under a flight ^overture of leaves : the leaves v/ill alfo fheUer the fruit fomewhat from the cold Bight air. Thinning 27 S The Fruit Garden. [June. Tkimiing Wall- fruit. Thin the wall-fruit, 'where 'it is produced, and flill re- m:Jrxing too clef:; upon the trees. This is to be 'underltood, principally of apricots, peaches, and nectarines; and in thinning them, let the fame rule be obferved now, as that mentioned in the lalt month, of the fame kinds of fruit. Atph-trees,' l^c. The apple, pear, plum, and cherry-trees, both agdnfl walls and efpaliers, will now have made ftrong fhoots ; and where it was not done in May, it is now full time thev were gone over, and properly regulated. Let thofe trees be locked over v/ith very good attention, and let them now be properly cleared from all ufelefs and unnecefTary fhoots of the year ; that is to fay, let ail luxu- riant fhocts, wherever they appear, be. taken off cJofe : ' all foreright ihoots muft be alfo ta'^en away; and alfo fuch fhoots asare prbduced in 'parts of the trees, v/hereby tliey cannot be properly trained iij ; and fuch as are abfolutejy not wanted for a fupply cf wood, muft all be difplaced ; at the fame time being careful to re^iain in a moderate fiipply of the bell regular placed flioots to train in, to chafe from, in the winter pruning, by the'rules explained belovv, viz. , That in ordering thefe trees, it muil be obf?rved, that there is no need to leave fuch a general fupply of young wood, as iu peaches, nedlarines, &c. which b-zar their fruit always upon the one year old Ihoots, and in confe- quence thereof, there is a neceiiity to leave every fumrner a generalfuppJy of young wood, in every part of the tree:; for, as in apples, pears,, plums, and cherries, their bi7anches do not begin to bear till they are tv/jD or three, . and fome four or hve years old ; that is, the branches of cherries generally begin to bear atone and two ; the plum, and apple y two or three;' but thofe of the pear, are at leaft three, but are fometimes four or five years before they begin to bear : and vyhen the faid branch;;s of all thefe kinds have arrived to a fruitful Hate, the fame bearers con- tinue bearing more and more, for many years ; fo that, as above hinted, there is no occafion, after the trees ar^ once furnifhed fully with bearing branches, to leave fuch a June.] The Fruit Garden. 279 a general and conllant fupply of young wood as in the trees above-mentioned ; but, notwithilanding, it will be proper to leave here and there in every tree, fome of the belt ^-own and well-placed fide fnoots, together with the leading one to each branch, if room ; and this fhoald not, on any account, be now omitted : for fome of thefe will very likely be wanted to lay in to fupply fome place or other of the tree, in the winter pruning. And where there appears to be an ablolute want of wood, in any part of thefe trees, do not fail, in that caf?, to leave, if poITible, fome good fiioots in fach vacant parts. It is always the beil method to leave, in a moderate way, full enough of the beft fiioots at this feafon ; they will he ready in cafe they ihculd be wanted to fill up any vacan- cy, or to fupply the place of old ufelefs cr dead v/ood, when you come to prune in Vv'intcr ; and fuch (hoots are not wanted at that time, may then be very eaiily cut av/ay ; and there is nothing like having enough of proper young wood' to choofe from, at the principal pruning time. Let all the ihoots which are now left, be retained at full length, and nailed, or otherwife faftened up clofe to the wall of efpalicr, in a regular manner all fummer. Method to Jill 'vacant Parts of IVall-fees nvith Branches. At this feafon it will be proper to cbferve, that vuhcre there is any vacant fpaces in any kind of wall, or efpaiier- trees, it is now a moil: eligible time to prepare to furniih them witii the requiiite fupply of wood in fuch parts, tlie fame year, by pinching or pruning fhort fome con- tiguous young flioot. For example, if two, three, or more branches may be wanted to iill the vacancy, and fuppofe there be only a young fnoot. produced in or near that place, it will, in fuch cafe, be proper in the firft or fecond week of the month to fhcrten the faid flioot or fiioots, to three, four, cr five eyes, according to their ftrength ; and by this practice each ihoot fo treated, will fend forth two or three, or perhaps four lateral Ihoots ths fame feafon to fill up the vacancy. The above method of fhortening the young Ihoots of the fame feafon, may likewife be pradiifed on young trees, to procure a fupply of branches to form a head. NeiV' 28o The Fruit Garden. [June. Ihijj -planted Trees, Examine new-planted fruit-trees ; that is, fuch as were planted laft autumn, winter, or fpring ; in particular liandard-trees : fee that they be well fecured, fo that they cannot be rocked about by the wind, to diHurb their roots. This ihould be duly attended to, but particularly Tuch ftandard-trees, which have tall Hems and full heads; for ic will evidently appear that thole trees, which are fecured, wiU make ilronger fhoots than thofe that are not ; like- wife take care to keep the earth well clofed about the ftems of new-plfnted trees, that the fun, or wind, may not have accefs that way, to dry the earth near the roots. Look to the young apricot, peach, and nedarine-trees, which were headed down in the fpring ; they will have made fome ftrong Ihoots, and the faid Ihoots fhould now be nailed to the wall, both to train them timely in regular order, and to fecure ihem from the power of the wind. Watering. Water mull ftill be given in very dry weather, to new- planted trees ; but in particular to fuch as were planted late in the fpring., Vir.es. The vines againft walls which were not looked over, and yroperly regulated lall month, will now require it very much. Where this work was omitted in the former month, it fhould now be forv/arded with all convenient expedition, othcrwife it will be impoffible to procure, at the proper feafon, large and well ripened grapes ; for when the vines are perm-tted to run into diforder, it is a great difadvan- tage to the fruit, for the bunches of grapes will not only be fm?Jl, but will alfo be very irregular, and the grapes will ripen late ; and at beil, will be ill tailed.. Therefore, where it was not done in May, let the vines be now, in general, gone over: and let them be thorough- ly cleared from all the ufelcfs fhoots, as defcribed Tail month : and then let all the ufeftil Ihoots be immediately nailed in cicfe to the wall, in. a regular and neat man- ner.' \' ' Obferve June.] TxHE Fruit Gar D£>7. c8i Oblorve ncw^ in ordering the vines, as in the former month, to nail in all the ftrong fnoots as have fruit upon tliem ; and ail fuch other fhoots as are llrong, and rife in parts of the wood where wanted, muft likewife be left, and Lid in clofe ; but clear away all fmall weak fhoots in every part : ant] likewife take off all fuch fhoots as are barren, and rife in places where not wanted, or cannot be readily trained in. Thofe vines which were looked over, and ordered in May, Ihould now be locked over again. In doing this, obferve to clear away all fhoots whatever, that have been produced fmce lafl month ; and be fure to rub oft' all thofe fmail fhoots, vyhich rife from the fides oi the fame fummcr fhoots, and that of the old wood. Vineyards. The vineyard ftill demands agccd fhare of attendance : the vines mufl not be fuffered to run into confufion, for in preventing this depends the whole fuccefs. Therefore let the bearing flioots be trained to the flakes, with feme degree of regularity, fo that every fhoot may enjoy the fame benefit of the fun and free air. At the fsme time difpiace all weak and ftraggling fhoots, and all fuch as cannot be trained in proper order to the Hakes. Deflroy weeds in the vineyard; this is alfo a very necef- fary work, for it is abfolutely a very great advantage to the growth and timely ripening of the grapes, to keep the ground near the vines clean. Buddings or Inoculating^ Budding, or inoculating, may be begun upon flone- fruit, in the third or fourth week in the month. The forts proper to begin upon, are the early kinds of apricots, peaches, and ne«!tarines. Cloudy weather beft fuits this work; but if no fuch weather happens, it will then be mofl proper to do it in a morning or evening- The proper Rocks on which to bud the above kinds of fruit-trees, are principally thofe of the plum ; and when two or three years old, are of a proper fize to bud upon ; or thefe flocks may alfo be raifed from the fuckers of plum-trees. See the work of budding next month, for the different forts cf Hocks, and the work of February, where are dircdlions for railing them, both from feed and fuckers. Ihe 282 The Fruit Garden. [June. The bud mull be inferted in the flock at about fix inches from the ground, if the tree is intended to be a dwarf for the wall; but for a ftandar^ the budding may be per- formed at the height of three, four, five, or fix feet. But the manner of performing this operation, is in- ferted in full, in the work of the iN^urfery, for July, Stra^wherries, The ftrawberry beds mail now be duly fupplied, in djy v\%alher, with water. The waterings ihould, in a very dry time, be repeated every two or three days, from the beginning till about the middle of the month ; for about that time the principal crop of moll kinds of ftrawberries will be about fetting, and fwelling to their refpeftive fizes ; and while the fruit are taking their growth, the plants fhould be encouraged by keeping the earth in the beds always in a middling de- gree moifl, and the advantage will plainly appear in the iizt, as well as the quantity and quality of the fruit. planting Stranvhe fries. Where new plantations of flrawberries arc wanted, it will, about the middle, or latter end of the month, be a proper time to provide fome young plants for thatpurpofc. Rem^ember, however, to choofe the young plants of the fame year, which are formed at the joints of the runners, or firing-;, that iiTue from the fides of the old plants. In choofmg the plants, let them be taken from fuch Urauberry beds as bear well, and produce large fruit. Chocfe a parcel of the llouteil plants of the fame fum- mer's growth, as above hinted, taking them carefully up with the roots. Trim the roots a little, and cut off the firings or runners from the head of the plant ; then let them be immediately planted. But it will not be (o proper to plant them now into the bed'^^, or places where they are to remain ; but rather plant them into a nurfery-bed, in a fhady fituation ; a fliady border will be a proper place; there -put in the plants about four inches afunder ; and, as foon as planted, give a gentle watering to 'fettle the earth to their roots. I'here let them remain till September, or 06lober ; by which time they viiii be Urong, and in fine order to tranf- U plant* June.]' The Fruit Garden. 283 plant, and are then to be planted cut for good ; they mull then be planted a foot or fifteen inches afunder every way. The above method of procuring llrawberry plants at this feafon is not commonly praiStifed ; but it is much the bell way, for the plants will be much ilronger and liner by September, than any that can be procured at that time from the old beds. If you any time in this month, plant out {orp.e of the young plants of the Alpine, or proliiic monthly Urawbcrry, they will bear fruit the fame year ; that is, they will bear in Auguil, September, and Odober ; and, in mild fea- fons, this fort of ilra\Vberry will bear till near Chriilmas, provided the plants are in a warm border. Prefer-ving Cherries /rem Birds* Hang up nets before early cherry-trees, agalnll walls, to proted the fruit from fparrows, and other devouring birds. Likewife, where large nets can be conveniently drawn over the choicer kinds of Handard cherry-trees, it fhould be done the beginning of this month. Defiroying Snails. Dellrcy fnails ; look for them in a morning ^nd even- ing, and after fhowero of rain in particular, upon the apricot, peach, and ncvlarine-trees. The Pleasure, or Flower Garden. Tranf planting Annuals. NOW plant out all the hardier kinds of annual flowers, into the different parts of the garden v/here they are to remain. The forts prof>er to plant out now, ar» French and African marigolds', chryfanthcmums, perficaria, the tree and purple amaranth ufes, and fcabioufes : the egg-plant, ftramonium, palma Chrilli, love-apple, and the tobacco plant. Plant out alfo the marvel of Peru ; balfams, and cap- ficums ; the China afcers, Indian piaks, Cliinefe holly- ^§4 The Pleasure, or [Ji'ne. hocks, and ten-week rtocks, with the large convoIvuJus, and fuch like forts ; but this lail generally fucceeds bell when Town where it is to remain. Obferve, that all the above, and fuch other annual plants, as are now to be tranfplanted, fliould, if poflible, be removed in a fhowery time. Let them be carefully taken up, with balls, or, at leaft with as much earth as will readily hang about their roots ; and in that manner plant them in the beds, borders, pots, or other parts of the garden. In planting them, take good care to clofe the earth well about their roots and fiems. As foon as pJanted, give every plant a little water; and in dry weather repeat the watering occaiioaally, till they have all fairly taken root. Obferve as the larger kinds of thefe plants advance l:i height, to let them be properly fupported with fticks ; for the beauty of thefe foits depends greatly in being neatly fupported, and trained with upright Hems. ^endsr Annuals, The cocks-combs, and tricolors, globes, douWe bal- fams, double ftramoniums, and egg-plant, and ^ch other curious annuals as were, in order to draw them up tall, placed in drawing-frames, or glafs-cafes, will now need to be often refreihed with water. Thefe plants, in warm funny weather, will ftand in need of that article, at leaft, three times a week ; but give it to them moderately at each time. The plants mull alfo be allowed a good ihare of frefh air every day; and this mult be admitted to them by tiltitig up the ligiits tv%'o, three, or four inches, with props, or by fliding them a little way open. Mind, that according as fuch of thofe plants which are How in drawing-frames, advance in height, to let the frame be raifed proportionally, in the manner direded in the former month. The balfams that are in flower, and grown to any to- lerable fize, and alfo the combs and tricolors, and fucli like, as are pretty ftrong, may be brought into the opci air, in the laft week in this month ; but if not arrived by that time, to a proper fize, let them remain a week or two longer. June,] Flower Garden:. 285 Hardy Anr.uals, If any of the patches oi hardy annuals in the borders remain too thick, let them now be thinned in the order direfted la ft month, and give water. May ftill fow fome quick flowering annurJs to blow in autumn, fuch as ten-week (locks, candy-tuft, Virginia- ftock, &c. T'ulipSt Croxvn Imperials^ ycnquilsf iffc. Tulips will be now, in general, paft flowering, snd their leaves will be decayed ; it is then proper time to take the roots up out of the ground. Let this be done in dry weather; and as fcon as they are taken up out of the ground, fpread them upon mats in the fhade to dry. When they are thoroughly dried, and fomewhat hrr- dened, let them be very well cleaned, and feparatc all the ofF-fets from the large roots ; and then put up each fort ieparately, in bags or boxes, till September, Cclobcr, or November ; at which time p'ant them again. Take up alfo, where it is intended, the roots of crown' imperials, narciflufcs, and jonquils, fritillaiias, fnow-drop roots, and the roots of fpiing crocus, and fuch other bul- bo>is roots as have done blowing, and vvhofe ieaves decay ; and which Ihall feem neceflary to be taken up, agreeable to the hints given laft month, of the utility of taking up bulbous roots foon after they have dene flowering. Let them, as foon as taken up, be feparated from the increafed parts ;• that is, from the fmall roots, commonly called ofF-fets ; and thefe, after anorher year's growth, will alfo produce flowers: when the ofF-fets are taken ofl\ Jet the roots i)e fpread thin, and feparately, upon mats to dry : when that is eifeifled, part the ofl-fets from the prin-i- cipal roots., and let the whole be cleaned, and put up till the feafon for planting, v/hich is about Michae'mas ; or any time in Oitober, November, and beginning of De- cember, in open, mild, dry weather. This is alfo a proper time to tr.infplant bulbous roots that have ,done blowing, and whofe leaves are on the decay. ' • < That is, the bulbs, when their ftalks and leaves d?cay, may; then be taken up, and the ofi^-fets all taken away from the main roots ; then prepare and dig 'the ground when 286 The Pleasure, or [June. when that is done, the principal roots may, if thought convenient, be immediately planted again in the places where they are to blow. All the bulbous roots, at leaft the choicer kinds, Aich as tulips and hyacinth?, fliould always be taken up once every year, in order to feparate the off-fets from the prin- cipal roots ; and the moll proper time is> foon after the bloom, when the leaves and fcalks decay, for then the roots draw no fort of nourilhment from the ground ; and when they are in an ina<5tive liate, it is mofc certainly the bell; time to remove them. The common forts of bulbous roots, when taken up and parted from the ofF-fets, may then, either be planted again diredlly, or may be dried and cleaned, as before faid, and put in boxes, and kept three, four, or five months. But the tulip roots, and hyacinths, in particular, fhould be kept above ground till about Michaelmas time, or a month longer ; for they will fhoot much ftronger, and produce larger flowtirs, than the roots that aie in the ground all iummer. ' * . And aifo the crown imperials, orange lilies, narcifTufes, bulbous iris, jonquils, and the like, that are taken up at the decay of the leases, will like;vife bear to be kept above ground leveral months. Guern/ey Lily-Rccts. Tranfptant Guernfey and Belladona lily-roots ; the leaves will now be decayed, which is the proper time to remove them. . ^ But thefe need ilot be taken up oftener than once in two or three years, efpecially the Guernfey lily, which is then moil necefiary to be done, to feparate them from the increafed parts, or ofr-fets ; and by taking them up, and parting them, and then planting them fmgly into a new- dug bed, or pots of new compoil, ir will encourage them greatly, and they will ftioot and flower much ilrongeri The ofF-fets fhould alfo be planted in a bed, or pots, or boxes by themfelves, and will be flrong enough to flower in two or three years. Thefe roots fnould be planted in a bed, or pots of light fandy earth. They commonly flower in September and Odlober ; at which time they fhould be flicltered occafionally, in very wet June.] FlovvEr Garden-. 287 wet or ftormy weather, with a covering of hoops and mats. And during the winter reafon, the beds or pots wherein the roots are depofited, fhouidbe fheltered with a frame or an occafional covering of mats. Ranunculus end Anemone Roots: The ranunculus and anemone roots, that are pafl flow- ering, fliould alfo, as foon as-their leaves begin to wither, be taken (uit of the ground. There is a great deal of care required in taking up-thefe roots ; it Ihould be done in a dry day, and when the ground is alfo. pretty dry ; fome people, for the greater certainty of finding all the roots, and their fmall oir-iets, but efpecially of the fine forts^, fift all the earth of the bed as deep as they are planted, paring it up neatly an equal depth, and fo fearch for the roots among the iittle lumps of earth, and ftones that remain in the lieve. Let the roots, when taken up, be fpread to dry, rather out of full fun, and fecure from wet. When properly dried and cleaned, put them up in boxes, and place them in a dry room, till the time for planting them again. Hyacinth Roots. < If any of the early flowering curious hyacinth roots, which were out of bloom laH: month, were then taken up, and laid fideways into a ridge of dry earth to plump and harden, they will now be in proper order to be taken up and ho u fed. . Take them up in a dry day, and clean them ; then fpread them upon mats in a dry place for a few days ; and put them up in clofe and dry boxes, till September or Odober, then plant them again. Where hyacinth roots of the fine double kinds flill re- main in the beds where they blowed, they fhould be taken up in the beginning of the month, or when their leaves decay. Management of Autumnal Flonvering Bulbs. The beginning or middle of this month may IHII take ,np, or tranfplan^ moll kinds of balbous roois as blow in autumn. In 288 The Pleasure, or [June. In particular, colchlcums, autumnal crocufTes, and n^^r- ciiTufes, where it was not done in May ; alio autumnal hyacinths, and fuch other autumnal flowering bulbs, or tuberous roots, whofe leaves are decayed, and the roots" not in a growing ilate. When the roots are taken up, let ail the ofF-fets be taken away ; the roots may then be planted again diredly, or may be kept out of the ground fome time ; but not longer than the end of Ju]y» or till the firll or fecond week in Augull ; brcaule, if kept longer out of th-^ ground, they will not blow with any tolerable degree of itrength in autumn. Tranfplant cyclamens; the leavss are now decayed* I that is, take up the roots and part them : then new pre- pare the mould, and plant them again. Thefe roots may be planted either in pots, cr in a bed in the full ground ; but if the latter is to be practifed, the roots fiiould be planted clofe under a warm wall, for if planted in a more open fituation, they wiil not flower well, and befides the roots will be apt to fufier in winter. But when thefe roots are planted in pots, they may be moved into a green-houfe, or placed under a garden- frame in winter. This plant generally begins to flower in February or March, according to its fituation. Propagate jihrous-rcoted Plants. Propagate perennial fibrous-rooted plants, by planting cuttings of the young fiower-ftalk. By this method, the double fcarlet lychnis, lychnideas, and feveral others of the like perennial plants, may be incfeafed. The method of preparing the cuttings, and planting them, is this : Let fome of the ftoutcfl flowcr-ftems be cat oiF clofe to the head of the plant : cut thefe into lengths, allow- ing three or four joints to each : plant them about four inches afunder, in a ihady border, putting two joints of the cuttings into the ground, and water them as foon as planted. It will be a good method to cover the cuttings clofe with hand-glafles ; for this will greatly promote their taking root. Tranf' June.] Flower Gar dent, 289 Tr an/plant Secdlir.g Plants, Tranfplant from the feed-bed, the wall-flowers, floek July flowers, fweet-williams, and columbines, which were fown in Marth or April. They mull now be planted into nurfery-beds. Let them •be fet about .fix inches afunder ; and as fcon as planted, give them a good watering, to fettle the earth properly about their roots. The plants are to remain iti this bed till about Michael- mas ; and are then to be planted out again for good, into the borders or places where they are to remain. They will make a fine fliew with their flowers the next year. Tranfplant alfo the hollyhocks, tree-primrofe, fox- gloves and pyramidal campanulas, which were fown in the fpring. Like wife the Canterbury bells, and Greek valerian ; fmgle rofe-campion, rockets, fcarlet lychnis, and fuch other perennial and biennial plants as were fovvn two or three months ago. Thefe mufl: alfo be planted about fix inches a-part, in nurfery-beds, there to remain till September orOdober ; by which time, they will make ftrong and handfome plants ; and aie then to be taken up and planted out where they are to remain to flower. They will all flower next fummer, and will make a beautiful appearance, provided they are properly placed in difterent parts of the garden. Carnations* Take care of the choice flage carnations: fome of the for wardell will probably, towards the latter end of the monthjbegin tobreak their flovverpods for flowering, at which time fuch as are required to blow in the utmofl: perfection, muil be well attended. , One great article in the beauty of this curious flower, is to have it open regularly; but this the larger flowers will not always do, without the helpof an ingenious hand, -rind therefore in the capital kinds of fl:age carnations, that in ordfr to favour the equal opening of the flower pod, and more regular expa.nfion of the petals, in fuch flowers particularly, which difcover a tendency to burll open irregularly, may carefully flit the pod or flower cup . a little way down at top, in two or three dilFerent parts, P where ■2t?0 T H E P L E A S U H E, or [ JuHC. where it fhall fecm necenv.ry, (o as to promote the flower {predding regularly each way around. This ihould be done juft as the flower begins to break the pod. It is beft to do it with a imall pair of narrow- pointed fciflars, cutting the pod therewith, a little way down from each notch, or indenting at the top. Bat take good care not to cut the pod too deep at firft, but rather open it but a little at each place ; and, in a day or two after, if that is not fufhcient, cut it down a little more. Eut in doing this, take care to leave fo much of the bottom of the pod entire as will anfwer the purpofe of keeping all the petals, or flower-leaves, regularly toge- ther. Remember that the capital carnation plants in pots, which you defign for ftage flowers, fliould, if not done in May, be now placed upon the flage ; but the top of the llage mull not be covered until the flowers are open, and then the coven mjill be tonflantly kept on, to defend them from the fierce fun, and from heavy rains. .See July. The pots mull: be pretty often watered; they will re- quire it, at leafl:, three times a week. The rule is, to keep the earth a little moill; that is, in a middling de- gree. Likewife, let the flowcr-flalks of thefe plants, as they rife in height, be nearly tied up to the flicks. The ftalk ihould be tied in feveral places, bringing it to touch the flick ; but do not tie it too flrait. Carnations and Pink Seedlings. The carnation plants and pinks, raifed this year from {ttd, will be ready, by the middle of the month, to be removed from the feed- bed into a nurfery-bed. Prepare for that purpofe a bed cr two of good earth, three feet and a half v/ide, break the clods well, and rake the furface of each bed e.en. In each bed, put in fix rows of plants by line, placing them fix inches afunder.in the row. Water them gentiy as foon as planted ; and in dry weatliCT, repeat the wa- terings, at leail once ^^'^ry two days, till they have taken good root. In ten or twelve weeks tinte, they fliould be removed ;igain into another bed \ they are then to be planted a foot 8 afunder t June.] Flov/er Garden. igi iifunder each way. Some of them may alfo, at that tin e, he planted out into tlie borders among other plants. They will all flower next year, and when in flower, fiioird be examined with good attention, for out of the whole, there will no doubt be fome new, and alfo very good flowers, and thcfe are to be then encreafed by layers, pipings or cuttings, flips, &c. according to the general method : laying and piping, &c. is a fure method to pro- pagate the f,;rts you dclire ; for the layers, &c. raifed this year, will flower next fummer, and produce the fame flower in every fhape and character as that of the mother plant : but it is not fo with the feedlings; for if you fow the feed of the finefl: carnation, or pink, &c. it is probable you will not obtain one flower in return like the original, nor per- haps any that can be reckoned very good flowers, fo va- riable are they from feed; and, on the contrary, ther# will fometimes, as above faid, come many new and va- luable flowers from feed ; fo that fowing fome feed every year, is the only way to obtain new varieties ; and thefe encreafed and continued the fame by layers and piping, &c. as below. Layiig Car fiat ions. Propagate carnations by layers. This work is generally begun about the middle of this, and continued, accord- ing as the plants are lit, till ihe end of next month ; ob- fcrving, the proper parts for laying, are principally the young ihoots of the fame year, when about five or fix inches long, or but little more. The general method of performing the operation of laying tJie plants is this : In the firil place, provide fome rich lightearth,in a wheel- barrow or ba{ket, and a parcel of fmail hooked flicks, or pegs, together with a fliarp penknife. Having thefe ready, clear away the weeds, and any litter about the plants ; then flir the furface of the earth a little; and then lay ^ereon as much of the other earth cut of the whcel-barrow, c^-c. as will raife 'the furface round each plant to a convenient height, fo as to receive the flioots or layers readily. When this is done, proceed to prepare the flioots in order for laying. They mull: be prepared in the follow- ing manner ; P 2 Full 29^ The Pleasure* or [June. Pu'l off the leaves on the lower part of the flioot ; but let thofe which grow upon the head of the Ihoot remain -j only cut two inches, or thereabout, off their tops : then, about the middle of the ihoot » fix upon a joint, and pla- cing the knife on the under fide of it, flit the fhcot from that joint rather more than half way "up towards the next above. Then make an opening inthe earth, and lay therein the ftem and flit part of the flioot, with the top an inch or two out of the earth, and fecureit therewith one of the hook- ed flicks. Mind toraife the top of the flioot gently upward, fo as to make the head of it Hand as upright as poflible, and fo as thegafli or flit at bottom may keep open; then cover up the body of the flioot with more of the fame mould; and in that manner proceed, laying all the flioots «)f each plant or Hool, lill the whole are layed. As foon as all the fnoois belonging to one plant are layed, give them a gentle watering, which will fettle the •'earth regularly about all the layers. The waterings fliould be, in dry weather, often re- peated; but let it be cone with moderation, and ahvay^ lightly, -fo as not to difturb or wafli the earth from the layers. In fix weeks time, or thereabout, the layers will be finely rooted, and are then to be taken off from the old roots and planted, fome of the Deft into fmall pots, and the refc into iiurfery-beds, there toiemain till Odober; at which time they may be taken up with ballsof earth about their roots, and planted in the borders ; or may remain in the nurfery- beds all winter, wiiere the capital forts can with gar- den frames, or other coverineybe fecurely and readily pro- tedled in time of hu*d frofts, fnow, &c. and in the latter end K)f February, or in March, are to be finally tranfplanted,. fome into large pof, and the reft into the borq^rs, Sec. They will all flower in good perfedion next fummcir:> and afford a fupply of layers for further increrie. *" Double S-iveet-tviUiams and Pi7iks. Doublfe fweet- Williams and pinks may alfo be encreafed by laying down the young fhoots as above. The fhoots of thefe* plants will be ready for laying any time ^between the middle and end of the monch. They are alfo to be prepared and laid in the fame manner as •carnations. The' June.] Flower Garden. 293 The layers of carnations, pinks, double fweet-williams, and the like, raifed this year, will all blow next fummer. Propagating Pinks and Carnations, by Pipings or Cuttings. Propagate al£b pink", and carnations by cuttings or pipings of tlie young ihoots, which is a neat and expedi- tious method of propagation, and is more peculiarly adapted for, pinks ; and by which they may be very quick- ly raifed in great abuncance> as is the prailice of the Lon- don gardeners, who raife vail quantities annually of all the capital forts for markets. The operation is commonly called piping,, and is per- formed as follows: jA^bout the middle or latter end of this, or beginning of next monch, the plants will have made proper ihoots for this operation ; however, any time between the middle of June and July, the cuttings may be taken off, obferving you are to take only the upper, young, tender part of each fhoot ; and if the piping, or cutting hath, when tak^ii off, two or three joints, it is fufficient ; fome take them ofF with a knife, cutting them clofe below a joint ; and others choofe to take them off with the hand only ; and the me- thod is this : take the head of the Ihoot between the ends of your fingers and thumb of one hand, and with the other ihold the lower part of the ihoot ; then pulling the head of the ihoot gently, it will readily part and come out of its focket, about the third joint from the top, hence it is called piping. Or you may detach them more expeditiouily with a knife, cutting them off about the third joint. Having procured a quantity, let their tops be trimmed pretty iliort ; and if the bottom of the piping or cutting appears ragged, cut that even ; they muit then be imme- diately planted in a bed, or in pots of light rich earth. . The earth muft be broken very fine,, and the furface made very fmooth ; then, taking the cuttings one by one between the finger and thumb, thruil them gently near half way into the earth, put. them about an inch, or an inch and a-half diftant from one another ; mind, in plant- ing, to make no hole to receive ihe cutting, but only thrufi: the end gently into the earth, which will make way for itfelf ; and as foon as a quantity is planted, giye im- mediately a gentle watering, to fettle the earth about them clofely.. P 3 They •194 . The Pleasure, or [June. They mufl be ihaded from the fun from about nine or ten in the n-'v^ning till three or four in the evening. But if thele cuttings were to be coveied ctof&ly with hand-glaffes, it would be a great advantage, it would make them take root very ix^e., and they would be fit to tranf- plant fccner by a fortnight or three weeks than thofe that iire fully expofed. They mull: be frequently fprinkled with water, juil to keep the earth a little moiil, and no more. Note, pinks may be propagated by flips : but the/e fr,ould be pianted in March, April, or May, choofing fuch flips as are not more than five or fix inches long, ll'ip thern cfF clofe to the bottom, and infert them into the ground, v.'ithin an inch and a half of their tops, and water them. See tiie iprihg months. Support F leaver ing-plant s . Continue to fupport with Hicks all the tall growing plants, according as they grow up and require it. 'Ihis work fiiould be duly attended to, for there is none jr.ore neceifary, and nothing looks better than to fee all the p!ants {landing firmly in their places, and neatly trained with ttraight and upright Hems. Trimming and ordering Floxvcr-plants. Go round now and then among the perennial and bien- r)i:d plants, that are now., and luch as are ftill to ccme into liovv'er, and trim fuch of them as want it. That is, cut off all ibaggling, broken, and decayed fiioots ; and, where ragged or dead leaves appear, pull thefe ciT alfo. Examine fuch plants as branch oat fo as to form heads. They Ihould be fomewhat affifted in their own way ; that is to fay, let all fhoots that rife from the main Hem ftrag- glingly near the ground be cut ofif clofe: and any Ihcots from the head, that advance in a llraggling manner from all tlie reft, fhould alfo be reduced to order. Many of the annual plants Ihould be treated in that manner ; in particular the African and French marigolds ; and alfo the chryfanthemums ; and fuch other plants as branch out in the like manner. For, by training thefe plants up with ten or twelve inches of a clear fnglc ftem, they will form handfome and regular heads ; and will produce much larger and fuller flowers June.] Flower Gar DEN. 295 fiowers than if fufFeied to branch out all the way from the bottom. Cut down the flower-iliems of all fuch perennial plants as are paft flov.ering. In doing this, let the Rems be cut off clofe to the hend of the plant ; and at the fame time clear the plants from d^ead leaves, if there be any fuch. But where it is intended to fave feeds from any of the perennial or biennial plants that produce fu:h, it wilJ be proper to leave, for that purpofe, only fome tf the prin- cipal f.owering-Hems, cutting off all fuch as are weak and ftraggling. Cut Box Etighigs. Cut box edgings : about the middle of the month is the proper time to begin that v/crk. It fhould be done ill moill weather. Thefe edgings fhould be cut very neat ; they fhould not be fuffered to grow higher than three inches, or there- about, nor much broader than two. Where the edgings of box are kept to near that fize, they look exceeding neat ; but where permitced to grow to five or fix inches, or more, in height, and perhaps as much in breadth, they then have a very clunify appear- ance. Clearhig the Borders from Weeds, i^c. The borders in general of this garden fhould now be kept remarkably neat ; let no fort of litter be {ztn upon them, and keep them very clear from weeds. This fhould be coniLintly attended to, never permitting weeds to remain upon any of the borders, efpecially thofe near walks ; but when weeds appear tjiereon, let it bfi al- ways a rule to deftroy them while young, either by hand or hoe. Let the hce be ufed in dry days, cuttlr^g the weeds up clean within the furface \ then let the borders be neatly raked. Evergreens and Flo^tverivg Shriihs. The clumps or quarters that are pLaued with ilowering- fhrubs, or evergreens, fliould aifo be kept exceeding neat, and free from weeds, P 4 Examine 196 The P l e a s u r e> cr [June. Examine the evergreens and flowering fhrubs : when they have made any remarkable rtrong dilorderly flioots, they ihould have the faid fhoots reduced to order, either by cut- ting them clofe, cr fhortening, as it fhall feem moft proper, ib as to train, or confine the plant to a fomewhat regular form. Waterings. New planted {hrubs of every kind fhould ftill be now and then watered in dry weather, in particular fuch as were planted late. Water alfo, in dry weather, all the pots of double roc- kets, rofe-campion, catchfly, campanulas, fcarlet lychnis, and double fweet-williams ; and all other plants that are contained in pots. They will want water at leaft three times a week, but in particular the fmall pots ; for thefe, containing but a fmail portion of earth, will confequently require to be often refreihed v/ith water. Likewlfe, let the earth in the top of all the pots, be now and then fiirred to a little depth j for this will not only ap- pear neat, but will alfo encourage the plants. Remember alfo to give water in dry weather to the feed- ing auriculas and polyanthufcs, and alfo to all other fmall young feedling plants. Auricula Plants, The auricula plants in pots fhould, where it was not done laft month, be now placed upon a clean fpot in the ihade ; but not under trees, &c. The pots mull, in dry weather, be often watered ; the plants kept clean from decayed leaves, and the pots from weeds* Monu Grafs Walks and LaTvns. Mow grafs walks and lawns duly according as they want it. Let them be mown generally about once a week ; and, if this be done in a complete and neat manner, it will, even in a moift feafon, keep almoft any walks or other pieces of grafs in tolerable good order. The edges of grafs walks and lawns Ihould alfo be kept cut very clofe and even, for this will add greatly to the beauty and neatnefs of them^ Gra'vel June.]: Flower Garden. 297 Gra'vel Walks. Gravel walks Ihould alfo, at this feafon, be kept ex- tremely neat and clean ; and Ihould be duly and very neatly; rolled. Let all large weeds in thefe walks be cleanly picked aut, and fweep the furnice occaiionaliy to clear ofF all loofe litter; and let the principal vvalks be rolled at leaft twice a week, with an iron or Hone roller. But there is nothing like a good iron roller for that work, for fuch a roller is not only much eafier fcr men to draw along, but Vvill alfo make the furface of the gravel appear much fmoother than any other. Clip Hedges y ^c. It is now time to begin to clip hedges, kc, towards the middle or latter end of this month, where it is required to have them kept in the neateft order, as feveral forts will have fliot out confiderably, and want trimming ; but remarking, thofe cut now, will require clipping again the beginning of Auguil. See July and Auguji, The Nursery. Inoculate Apricots ^ Peaches , and Ne^arines. BEGIN to inoculate apricots, and alfo the early kinds of peaches and neftarines. This work may be begun towards the eighteenth or twentieth of this month. The above trees generally fucceed bell when budded upon plum-flocks, which have been previoufly raifed from the Hones of the fruit, or fuckers from the roots of plum trees, and when they are two or three years old they will be of a right fize to l3ud on. Mind that the cuttings from which the buds axe to be taken, be cut from healthy trees; and fuch as llioot mo- derately free. The method of performing this work may be feen in the work of next month, in the article Nur/ery. Manazement 298 The Nursery. [June. Management of Trees ^i.vhich ivere budded laji Year. Examine the trees which were budded lall fummer ; fome will have made vigorous Ihoots, and fliould be fup- ported. For that purpofe, it will be proper to get fome flicks about two feet long for d\varf-trees, and longer in pro- portion for Itandards ; drive one down by each tree that has made a vigorous flioot ; tie the fhooc to the flake at two different places, and this \vi!l prevent its being broken or feparated from the flock by the wind. V\ here it is required to have any of the above young trees form full heads ss expeditious as poinble, you may ix)\v, to fuch as are intended for walls or efpaliers, pinch or prune the young fhoots from the bud, to four, five, or fix inches, and they will ibon put forth three or four flioots the fame year, near the Itock, in the proper place to com- mence the firil formation of a \^ all and efpalier tree ; it may alfo be pra6tifed occafionally to fl:..ndard?. But this work of pinching the young fhoots fhould be done the beginning of the mDnth. Grafted Trees. Look alfo to the grafts; and, where any have madevi* gorous fhoot5, let fome flakes be driven into the ground, and then let the Urongefl fhoots be tied up neatly to them. Inoculate Rofes. Inoculate rofes : this is often praflifed upon fome of the curious forts, which cannot be increafed by the general method ; that is, by fuckers from the root ; for there are fome kind of rofes that produce no fuckers. Therefore, where an increafe of fuch kinds is wanted, it muft be produced by inoculacion ; and this is the moft proper time to do it. I'hey muft-be budded upon fome of the common rofe- ftocka, but the bell flocks aie the Frankfort rofe and the damaik kinds. Propagate hardy Exotic Trees, iffc. Make layers of hardy exotic trees. This may beprac- tifed this month on many of the hard-wooded exotics, - and June.] The Nursery. 299 and other trees and ihrubs, in particular the evergreen kinds. Bat take notice, it is the young fhoots of the fame fummer's growth that are now to be layed. Therefore, having fixed on the plant, let fach branches as are fur- niihed -well with young wood be brought down gently to the ground, and fecured there with hooked Hicks ; thert let all the young Hioots on each branch be layed, covering them three or four inches deep with earth ; leaving at leaft two or three inch^ of the top of each ihoot out of the ground. They muft be watered in dry weather; that is, the earth about the layers muil: be kept always a little moill, in a middling degree ; and, if this is well obfcrved, many of 'the layers will De well rooted by Michaelmas, and fit for tranfplantation. By this pradice of laying the young wood, you may propagate almofl any fuch trees or flirubs as you defire ; but it is chiefly for the hard- wooded kinds of evergreens, or others which do not pirtout roots freely from older ihoots or branches j bu;; fuch trees as Ihed their leaves, and even for evergreens, whofe wood is fofc, it is bell, for the generality, not to lay them till after Michaelmas, or in February or March ; choofing at thefe times the lail fum- mer's iliocts. Watering Seedling Plants ^ i^c. Give water in dry weather to the beds of all the more tender or choice faiall young feedling trees and ftirubs. This iliouid be particularly pradtifed on the beds of feedling young cedars, cyprefs, pines, firs, and junipers: alfo to bays, and hollies, evergreen oaks, and arbutus j and to all other fmall evergreen feedling plants, as alfo of the more curious or tender deciduous kinds ; as well as to thofe of the herbaceous tribe. But, in watering thefe young plants, let fome care be taken ; that is, do not water them too halbiy, leil you walh the earth away from their roots, which are yet but \ ery fmall and tender. Two or three moderate waterings in a week will be enough, and the evening is the proper time to do that work. ^hads ^oa The Nursery. [June.. Shade Seedling Plants. The beds of fome kinds of fmall young tender feedling plant? fliould alfo be fhadedin very hot days from the fun ; but in pnrricular the tenderer kinds of exotics, both feveral of the choicer evergree. is and deciduous trees and fhrub kindsj and to fome of the more delicate herbaceous plants. But they muft not be fhadedtoo clofe, nor yet too long at a time: for that would dr'vy.^he plants up weak, and: make them too tender. The proper time is from about eleven to two or thj-ee o'clock, or thereabout. Weeding youvg Plants.. Weed alfo with great care the feed-beds of young- plants of every kind ; for weeds will at this time rife as fall: as in April or May, and no labour Ihould be fpared to deftroy them in tiir.e before they grow large : but, above all, in the feed-beds of fmall young plants ; for there they are moft liable to do the greateft damage. Watering neiv-planted Treesy l^c. Water the choiceft forts of new-planted trees and jflirubs ; that is, fuch as were planted late in the fpring. They ihould, where time would permit, be watered, in dry weather, about once a week, all this month. Do not forget, however, to give water now and then to the choicell evergreens which were tranfplanted in March and April. Like wife, let fome mulch be kept upon the furface of the ground, about the choiceft kinds of new-planted trees and fhrubs, where the ground lies open to the fcorching fun and drying winds ; for this is certainly of very great iervice. It will not only fave fome trouble in watering, by its preferving the moitture longer in the earth, but it will alio protetl the roots from the drying winds and fun; by which means the plants will be able to fhoot with more,' vigour, both at root and top. Obferve, therefore, whether the mulch laid fome time- iince about new-planted trees be much wafted;, if it be, let fome that is frefli be added ; in particular, to the choiceft plants, and fuch others as were plaated late. Tran/plcntin^ June.] The Green-House. 301 'Tr an/planting SeciUing Pines and Firs, In this month you may thin and tranfplant fome of the young pines w'hich were railed this feaibn from feed. This mUil not be done till the lail week in the month ; for the plants will not be fit to bear removal till about that time, and it fnould bt; performed only in fhowery wea- ther. Prepare for them fome beds. about three feet broad, and prick the young plr.nts therein about three inches afunder every way, and then let them be watered. They muft be fha-led from the mid-day fun till they have taken root, which is to be done by fixing fome hoops acrofs the bed ; and every funny day let mats be drawn over the hoops about ten o'clock, and taken off again about three or f iur. Where this is duly praclifed, the plants will foon take 1-oot ; and thofe which arc pricked out at this feafon, will get ftrength by Michaelmas to enable them to endure the winter's cold better than if they were to remain in the feeil-bed. The pricking out thefe plants at this feafon (hould be particularly praclifed where the plants Hand very clofe in the feed-bed. The Green- House. BRING out all fuch plants as are flill remaining in the green-houfe. And let this be done in the iirft week in the month. When the plants are all brought out, let them be im- mediately cleared from dead or decayed leaves, and cut out all broken branches and dead wood. Then let the earth in the top of all the pots be ftirred ; and, where it was done in the former months, let a little of the earth be alfi now taken out of each pot, and then fill up the pots again dire<^ly with fome new compoft, and give each a little water. When this is done, let "the head of each plant be im- mediately watered all over, for this will clean fe the •f leaves 302 The Green- Ho use. [June. leaves and branches from duli, ard will alforef:eih the plants, and make them appear lively and more agreeable to the fight. Management of Orange an^i Lemon-trees tvkon hrcught out. Take care of the orange and lemon-trees. They will be now in bioom, and fhou^d be properly encouraged. 7 hey ihould be well fupp'ied in dry weather wit|i water. It fliould be given to thefe plants about three times a week at this feafon in dry weaiher, but once ^^txy two days will not be too much. And 'to encourage thefe plants to fhoot and flower flrong, it will be proper to beilow one more little dreiling upon them as foon as they are brought out of the houfe. That is, let the earth in the top of the tubs or pots be once more carefully Itirred up and broken, and then over this fpread a fprinking of new mould ; when that is done, give a light watering to fettle the earth again clofc to the roots of the plants. Care of Orange-trees in Blcom. ' Examine alfo the quantity of bloom upon the orange and lemon-trees. They fcmetimes produce the flowers in ccnfiderable clullers, much more than is proper to be left to come to fruit ; and this may now be regulated, by taking off many of the blofibms. But this muft be done with care and regularity. Im the frit place obferve the condition of the tree; and, ac- cording to its ftrength, leave a greater or lefier number of blofforns upon it. Leave the molt upon the llrong br?.nches, and let them be every where regularly thinned, leaving the largeft blofibms, and fuch as are bell fituated, upon the branches. By this pradlice of regularly thinning the faperabundant blofibms, it will be of great advantage both to the trees and fruit; for by leaving only the iargeli flowers, and thefe moderately thin, and at regular dillances, the fruit by that means will alfo fet regularly upon the branches, and will fwell more freely ; and the tree having but a moderate quantity to nourifh, theie v/ill certainly grow to a handibme fize. Befides, when the trees are but moderately loaded with fruit, they will continue in health, and will flioot freely and regularly in every part. Shftiag June.] The Green -House. 303 Sh'fting into larger Pots. When green-houfe plants are in want of larger pots, let them now bj (hifted into fuch, thia buying llill a prober time to do that work. -- In doing thi*^, mind to fh ike the plant out of the pot with the ball of earth entire about its roots ; and then pare off all the matted roots round the ourfide of the ball ; and take away alfo fome of the .old earth equally round the fide, and from the bottom ; then place the plant into the larger pot, and fill up the pot iirimediateiy with the new earth. After that give fome wat^r, this will make the earth fettle in properly about the ball, and cloiQ it well about all the roots. When this is done, let the plnnts be removed to afhady fituation, and where it is fomewhat defended from llrong winds. The plants are to remain there five or fix weeks, and then be moved to an open expofure. Waterrng in geiieraL Remember now, in dry weather, to let all the green- houfe plants be properly fupplied with v/ater. They will, in general, want v/atcr in dry weather every two or three days, for as their roots are all confined within the fmnil compafs of a jub or pot, they confequently can receive no noiirifliment but from the earth contained therein. It mull, therefore, be a univerfal rule to keep the earth in the faid pots or tubs at this fcafon always moift. But in very dry fcorching weather, a watering once a day will be requifite to many of the plants that are con- tained in fmall pots particularly. If fome mowings of Ihort grafs, or fome dry mofs, are fpread upon the top of the earth of the tubs or pots of orange-trees, «&c. it will preferve the moillure, and defend the roots of the plants from the fun and drying air, &c. Char a-cvay decayed Leagues. Let no decayed leaves, when' feen, remain upon any of the green-houf,? plants ; and let no weeds grow in the pots. Cuttino-s 304 The Green-House. [June. Cuttings cf Myrtle. Plant cuttings snd flips of myrtle; that being the bcft and moil ready method to propagate thefe plants. This iliould be done in the third or fourth week in the month ; the ihoots of the year will then, and not before, be in right order for this bufmefs. In "the Jirft .place, get ^fome large pots, and fill then with good light earth : then proceed to take ofF the cut tings or flips ; choo-fc fuch flicots as are from about three or four to fix inches long, and be fure to take fuch as have fome flrength ; either cut or flip them off; then pullofF the leaves at the bottom of each ; that is, clear away the leaves about two thirds of each flioot, then plant them, into the pots about two inches afunder ; and each cutting full two thirds into the earth; and let them, as foon as planted, be lightly watered. Then place the pots in a common garden-frame, and put on the glafles ; or may cover them down with hand' or bell-glafles, cr oiled paper frames ; fhading the glafTes (not the paper -frames) "with a mat every funny day from about ten till three or four o'clock: and this muft be daily praftifed, till the plants have taken root; which will be about five or fix weeks time. But if the pots of cuttings could be plunged into a bark-bed in the hot-houfe or elfewhere, or in any hot- bed, it would quickly ilrike them. I)o not forget to give them water ; they will want it about two or three times a week ; but give a little at each time, for too much wet would deflroy the cuttings. When they have got root, he fure to take away the glafles and all other coverings, that the plants may enjoy thefiee air, and not draw up weak. Planthg Cuttings of Geraniums y i^c. Plant alfo cuttings of geraniums; all the/crts of this plant may be increafed by that method ; and alfo the African fage-tree, amber-tree, ciilufes, and double naf- turtiums, and m.any other exotic fhrubs. The cuttings of thefe forts fhould be about fix, feven or eight inches long ; and -may be planted in pots, treat- ing them, as abovefaid, in the management of myrtle cuttings. But June.] The Green-FIouse. 305 But the above cuttings, and many other green-houfe Tiirubs, may aifo be planted in a bed of rich light earth in the common ground. Plant the cuttings in this bed three inches a-part, and put each about two parts out of three into the ground and water them. Then the bed may be covered with a common hot-bed frame, or hand-glalies ; and fhaded every day when the iun fliines, from nine in the morning till four o'clock in •the afternoon ; and this is "to be done every day till the cuttings have taken root. But a flight hot-bed, or the bark-bed of a hot-houfe, in which to plunge the pots of cuttings, would greatly promote their early rooting. Remember, however, to water them very moderately about three times a week ; and keep them free from weeds. Propagating fucculeiit Plants, Now is the time to begin to prepare to propagate fuc- cu'ent plants by cuttings. The forts commonly raifed that way, are euphorbiums and iicoidefes ; all the kinds of cereufes, fedums, and In- dian fig, and fuch like kinds. Therefore, Vv'hen it is intended to propagate any of the above plants, or other fucculent kinds, let fome cuttings be now cut off from the refpedive plants. Thefe cuttings being very full of moifture, are not to be immediately plant- ed but muft be laid upon a fhelf in an airy room, out of the reach of the fun, eight or ten days ; by which time the wound, or cut part at the bottom of the cutting, will be dried and healed over, and they are then to be planted. Succulent cuttings mull never be planted till the wound made by taking them from the mother plant be healed; becaufe, were they to be planted while the wound is green, the very moiilure which would iilue from that part, would bring on a mouldinefs and rot the cuttings. But all cuttings do not require to lie the fame time ; fome perhaps fix or eight days ; and others, ten, twelve, and fometimes fourteen days, and this muft be regulated according as the cuttings are lels or more fucculent. Thefe cuttings muft be planted in pots ; the pors mufl be filled with a light dry comport ; and, when the cuttings are planted, fuch pots as contain the hardier Icrts, may Q^ either 3o6 The Green -Flo use. [June. either be placed in a moderate hot-bed, or in a frame with- out heat ; and Ihaded in funny days, from nine in the morn- ing till four or five in the evening : they will thus take root ; in particular the ledums, Indian figs, and ficoidefes, and fuch like plants of the hardier kinds. Defend them from wet by putting on the glailes ; which fhould be conllantly kept on, but raifed on props to give air. But the more tender fucculent cuttings muil have the help of a hot-bed to promote their taking root ; particu- larly the euphorbium, torch thiftle, and all the other kinds of cerufes. A bark hot-bed is the beit, into which plunge the pots to their rims. But v.hcre fuch a bed cannot be obtained, make one of new horfe-dung. Lay on fome earth, or old tan, and plunge the pots in it, put on the glaffej;, and fhade them five or fix hours in the middle of the day with- a mat. Give them air every day, by raifing or Hiding theglaiTes a little open, and give them now and then a little water. Inarching, <^c. Inarching may iHll be performed upon orange-trees where ^it is defired to propagate them that way. Lemons may alfo be inarched now ; likewife citrons, pomegranates, and the curious kinds of jafmines may ilill be propagated by that method of grafting. Layers of Green-hov/e Shrubs^ Now make layers of green-houfe fhrubs ; there are fe- veral forts that may Hill be propagated by that method. The forts which will readily take this way are, myrtles, and the choiceil kinds of jafmines, pomegranates, and alfo granadilies and oleanders, and many other fuch like forts. Let it be obferved, if you now lay the young fhoots of the fame year, v/hich will be a proper length by the mid- dle or end of the month, they will more readily fucceed, though you may alfo ufe any young ihoots that are con- veniently fituated. Let therefore any low-place.l Ihoots or fuch branches as are well furnillied with young fhoots be bent down to the earth in ths pot, and fecured there, then lay all the young wood. Tranf- ' June.] The Hot-House. 307 ^ratzfplanting Seedliitg Exotics. Now tranfplant into larger pots the exotic plants wiiich were raifed this year from feed. But thefe plants need not now be planted into very large pots; fuch as the auricula pots are the proper fize. Fill the pots with light earth ; and into each pot fetone plant, and give it a little water. Then it would be of much advantage, if the pnts are immediately plunged into a- moderate hot-bed. Put on the glaifes, and ihade them till the plants have taken root. Let them have frelli air every day, by opening or tilting up the glaifes ; and, about two or three times a week, lee them be very moderately watered. But in default of a hot- bed, let the pots, in which thefe forts are planted, be placed in a lliady warm fpot, in the open air, or in a frame, &c. iliaded from the mid- day fun, and frequently watered, they will take root in good time, and make tolerable progrefs. The H o T - H o u s e. THE hot-houfe fhould now be particularly attended to ; the plants will want water, and muil have aJfo freili air. It is, indeed, the principal wqrk now wantin^^ to be done, to fupply the plants properly Vv'ith thefe two article?. The pine-apple plants, in particular theft' in fruit, will now want very regu'lar attendance. Thefe plants mull now, for one thing, be duly fupplied with water ; they will, in general, require a little every four or five days; but makt it a rale never to give them too much water at one time. All the other forts of plants in the hot-houfe or ftove, will alfo require frequent refrelLments of water at this time. Admit alfo to the pines, and all other plants in the hot- houfe, a good ihareof frelh air. This mull be done every warm day ; for, without a due portion of air, the pines will not nourifh their fruit well Therefore, about rdae 211 TheHotHousf* [June. r.ine in the morning, let feme of the glafies be opened ; that is, either draw fome of the top glafies a little down, or flide fome of the upright glailes in front, a little way open. But the glafies muft all be fhut clofe every night; and the proper time to ihut them is about four, five, or fix in the evening, or earlier, if the air changes cold. Care of the SucceJ/ion Pine Plants. Take care alfo of the fucceflion pines ; that is, the plants which are to produce the fruit next year. They mull, at, well as the plants now in fruit, have a due Ihare of atten- tion. Thefe plants are fometimes placed in a ftove, or pit, by themfelves. Vv here this is the cafe, mind to allov/ them, every warm day, the benefit of frefh air. They will alio ftand in need of frequent refrefhments of water; they will require it almoil as often as the fruiting plants. Pine- apples beginning to ripen.. Now as fome of the forwardeft pine-apples will be gra- dually arriving to full growth and begin to ripen, be care- ful in this cafe to give fuch of the plants but very moderate waterii^igs at that period, as too redundant humidity would 'fpoil the flavour of the ripening fruit. Their maturity is difcoverable by the fruit changing yellow and imparting a fragrant odour ; being careful, at thefe tokens of mature growth, to gather them for ufe jull when they attain perfedlion, and before they become dead ripe, and lofe much of their peculiar rich vinous fla- vour ; generally cutting them from the plant with about fix inches of the ilalk thereto, and v/ith the crown of leaves at top adhering, which, when the fruit is ferved up to table, • is then to be Separated and returned for planting, as each fuch crown will form a new plant, and produce fruit in two years. See July and Augujiy &c. Propagating Exotics, Continue the propagation of the exotics of this de- partment by feed, fuckers, flips, layers, cuttings, off-fets, crowns, &c. in pots of light earth, and plunge them into the bark-bed. See Jprih May, and July, &c. 4 JULY. July.] The Kitchen Garden. 337 JULY. Work to he done in the Kitchen Gardem. N TOW prepare fuch pieces of ground as arc vacant, in order to receive fach feeds and plants as aie proper to fupply the table in autumn and \vi>.iter. Playit'nig Samas. It will be a great ad- vantage if there falls fome rain, to take the opportunity of fuch times to fow the feed. In fowing this feed, choof?' an op?n fit-iation ; dig the ground, and fow the feed while it is frefh digged ; great care fhould be taken not to fow it too thick ; fow it as regularly as pofTible, and take the fame care in raking it into the ground. This feed is very fmall ; two or three ounces will low ground enough for a middling family : two or three ounce » of feed will fow at leaft fifteen or fixteen rod or poles of ground : for wnen fown in the field, the common allow- ance is about a pound, or a pound and quarter, or at moil a pound and a half, to an acre of ground. Hoe the turneps which were fown in June : do this in dry weather: cut down all the Vv-eeds, and thin out the plants to about feven or eight inches diilancs. 0^3 P la/ft 342 The Kitchen Garden. July.] Plant out Lettuce. Tranfplant lettuces : the cofs and Silefia, and all the forts of cabbage, and brown Dutch kinds, &c. which were fown iafl monthr, will now all want to be thinned and tranfplanted. Chcofe for them a fpot of the richeft ground; dig it neatiy, and let the furfare be raked even ; then putf in the nUnts by line : fet them the diftance of twelve or fiften inches from one another at ieafl. Water them as foon as planted j and, at times, till they have all taken root. Sq-^^j Lettuce, Dig alfo a fpot of rich ground, and fow fome lettuce- feed. Either the cofs, Sildia, or brown Dutch, are ftill tiie mofl proper kinds. Sow fome of this feed in the iirll or iecond week, and let fonie mere- be fown in the lall week in the month. Thefe two fcv.'ings will ra.'fe a proper fupply of good plants, to furnilh the talkie regularly all September, and great part of O^ober ; and, if favourable weather, will continue till November. BonA) Winter Spinach. Now ^t\. ready fome ground to fow fome winter fpinach, I'lie bcil fort to fow now is the prickly-feeded or tri-. angular leaved fpinach ; this being much the hardiefl, aud Left able to endure the cold and v/et in winter. But tiiis crop mu:! not be fov/n till feme time in the Iafl fe- vcn days in the month ; and even then, it is only ad- vifcd. to be fown in fiich gardens where the foil is cold or poor, or in cxpofed or cold fituations, that the plants may get ftrength before winter. But in warm rich foils» \\i firfr or fecond v»'eck in AuguH is time enough. See the work of that month. Chcofe for this feed a clean well lying fpot, that en- oys the winter's fun, and let it be neatly dug; and, iib foon as the ground is dug, fow the feed. Do not fow it too thick, and immediately tread in the {tzd.^ and then rake the ground. You mav fovin the fame fpot along v.ith the fpinach,, a little feed of the bro^vn, Dutch, and common cabbage- Icuuce, July. J The Kitchen Garden. 343 Turticp -rooted Radijh, Now 15 the very beft time in the whole year, to few the large turnep-rooted radiih. There are two forts, one black, and the other white, and are generally known by the name of the black or white Spanifh radilli. The black fort is in moil efteem, grows as large as or- dinary turneps, and very hardy to lland the winter ; ' they are by many people much admired for autumn and winter, to flice in failads, or to eat alone, raw : the feed of both forts may be fowcd any time this month ; but the inoil proper time is between the tenth and twenty- fourth for t)ia full crop ; they fhould be fowed in an open fpace of freih- digged ground, broad call, and trod down, and raked in regularly. When the plants have been come up fome time, they mull be hoed out to about fix or eight inches dillance ; they will then have proper room to fvvell, and will be ready to draw for the table ab )Ut Michaelmas, and will continue good, efpecially the black fort, till Chriftmas, or illl hard frofts deftroy'them ; but at the approach of fuch weather may be taken up, and preferved in fand. Solving Short Top ajid Salmon Radijhes, Sow fliort-top and falmon radiih any time in the month to draw in Auguil, if required; but for a good autumn crop, to draw in S.eptember, fow fomc of each fort in the lail week of this month: let them all be fowed in an open expofure, in new-digged ground, and raked in equally. Soiv Cole-tvorts, This is now the time to fow cole-worts. Thefe plants will ferve the family well, in autumn, winter, and the fpring, when the favoys and fuch like greens are all con fumed. What is to be underllood by cole-worts is any fort of cabbage plants ; which, when their leaves are from about as broad as a man's hand till they begin to cabbage, are moll defirable open greens, to ufe under the- name of cole- worts. To have good cole-wort plants, fow fome of the bell fort of Yorklhire, or fugar-loaf cabbage-feed ; for the 0^4 com- 344 The Kitchen Garden. [July. common, open, or field cole-worts are now banifhedmcfl gardens ; and the advantage of fowing the above fort of feed ig, that fuch plants as are not ufed by way of cole- worts, may be permitted to Hand ; and fuch of them as do not run up to feed in the fpring, will cabbage at a very early time. To have coleworts for autumn and winter ufe, fov/ fome feed the latter end of June, or the f.rfl week in this month ; and from that fowing, they will be fit for ufe early in Odlober, November, and December. But let it be obferved, that if you defire to have the plants principally for fpring ufe, the feed muft not be fcwed before the third or fourth week in this month, as if ffwed fooner, they will be apt to fiy up to feed early in fpring. As to the order of fowing and planting thefe diiterent crops of cole-worts ; prepare for each lowing an open fpot of good ground, and divide it into beds four feet wide. Sow the fjcd therein moderately thick, and rake it >n regularly. The plants v/ill come up in about a week, and will be grown pretty flrong in Augull and September, and are then to be tranfplanted. They muft be planted out in rows, a foot afunder, and about eight inches diftant from each other in the row j but fee the work of Auguil and September. Pull Ofiions, Examine towards the latter end of this month, the forwardeft crops of bulbing onions. When their leaves begin to wither, it is then the proper time to take the roots out of the ground. But it is rare that thefe roots are fit to take up in this month ; but if they be, they mull be managed in the following manner, which will ferve alfo as directions for the fame work next month, when the onions in ge- neral will be iit to draw for keeping. Thefe roots muft be taken up in dry weather ; and as you take them up pull off their leaves, only obferving to leave to each onion four or *;live inches of the ftalk. As fcon as taken up, they fliould be fpread to harden upon a clean aid diy fpot of ground; and there let them lie twelve days or a fortnight, remembering to turn them once^every tw© or three days, ihat they may dry and harden regularly. When- July.] The Kitchen G ARDEN. 345 When they have lain the proper time, they mufl then be gathered" up, in a dry day, and carried into the houfe. They muPc be laid up in a dry room; but let them be ^rft very well cleaned from eatth, and all loofe outer Ikins, then bring them into the houfe in dry weather, fpread them evenly on the floor, and let them be fre- quently turned over the f.rft two or three weeks. Let the windows of the room be kept conftantly open, in dry weather, for about a week or two after the onions are houfed ; and after that, admit no more air, but keep the windows conftantly (hut j only obferve to turn the onions over now and then, and pick out any that are decayed. See Auguft. Pull Garlick and Shallots. Pull up alfo garlick and fhallots when full grown. This is known by the leaves : for when the root is fwelled its much as it will, the leaves will then begin to wither. Take care now of the melons ; and in particular, of the plants whofe fruit are beginning to ripen. Thefe plants muil now be allowed but very little v/ater, for much moifler would fpoil the flavour of the ripening frnit : however, in very dry hot weather, the melon plants upon fome beds will, require to be, at times, moderately watered. Therefore, in watering melons, regard fliould ahvays be had to the nature of the earth, and its general depth upon the beds. Where there is a conflderable depth of good loamy conipoft, at leaft, twelve or fourteen inches, the plants growing upon fuch beds Ihculd not, when their fruit is full grown, be allowed any more or but v^try little water; for this kind of foil^when a tolerable depth upon the beds, will retain a proper degree of moifliur ? a long time. There is much advantage in allowing a proper depth of mould upon melon beds, and in having good loam ; the plants not only thrive beft in fuch earth, but when there is any proper depth or\ the beds, the plants will not at any time, want to be often watered, and the lefs water there is given to melon plants, the better will the fruit fet, and, when ripe, will have a more rich and delicate flavour.. CL5 But 2^6 The Kitchen Garden. [Julf. But fuch melon plants as grow in common Light earth, and where there i.s withal but a moderate depth upon the beds, will require occafional waterings in very hot dry v/eather, in moderation, not more than once or twice- a week ; cbferving the former mentioned precautions, of lall: month and as jull above hinted in refpedt to watering : both with regard to the plants, and the ftate of growth of the fruit. To prot.e6i Melons frotn much Rain. The weather foinetimes happens, at this feafon, to be- very wet ; when that. is the cafe, the melon plants Ihould at fucii times,, be occanonally protecled. The plants which are in f'-ames can be readily fhelter- ed,. in fucli weather, with the glaffes ; but the plants which were planted out under hand or bell-glaffes are more expofed, and cannot be fo readily Iheltered ; but as thcfe plants nre now full ct fruit, all pofiible means Ihould be ufed to protect them when the weather happ^ns^ at this time to be uncommonly v^et^ For the protcAion therefore, of the bell or hand-glafs melons, there is nothing ic proper as the oiled paper- frames, fuch as directed in the former month. Thefc frames are to be kept con ilantly over the beds 5: and they not only defend the plants from cold and wet,, but, when the weather happens to be very hot, they^ aifo anfwer the piirpofe vi fcreening the plants from the- too great power of the fun ; and at the fame time admit its inlluencc through the oiled paper, both as to the light and heat, in a proper degree, to promote the growth of the plants ar.d fruit. Bat where there ir. not the convenience of fuch frames,, let fome other method be pradlifed, to defend the bell- glafs melons. For one thing, let the fruit, or at leafl as many of them as are fv/elled,.or are fwel ling, be covered with the. bell-glafies ; that is, either move the fruit carefully under their own glares, or, where there is any fparc glaffes, let them be brought and placed over the beft fruit. The next thing to be praiStifed, for want of better con- veniences, to protect the bell-glafs melons, is this: When the weather proves at this time to be very wet or cold, let fome hoops be carried over the ridges or beds,, placing them fixteen or eighteen inches diftant from one another f July.] The Kitchen Garden. 347 another; and then, at times, when it rains hafd, or in cold nights, let fome large and thick mats be drawn, at fuch times, over the hoops ; or, where it can be pro- cured, fome painted canvas ; fuch as might be made out of old fail-cloth, would do for this purpofe better than mats. But thefe kinds of covering are only to be ufed occa- fionalij, and ihould not be fufFered to be on longer than juft to defend the plants from heavy raios, and when there liappens to be a cold night. Cucumbers, Cucumber plants now alfo demand care, and none more than thofe which were planted under hand or bell-glaffes. Thefe plants will novy be in full bearing, and therefore muft be well fupplied, in dry weather, with water. They will require it, in a dry time, at lead three times a week; that is, to give them a moderate watering once every other day, or fometimes in very dry, hot, fcorching weather, they will require it daily, or every morning and evening. Where thefe plants are properly fupplied in dry wea-<» ther, with water, and kept clear from weeds, they will continue to bear handfome and well-tailed fruit till the middle of September. Cucumhers for pickling. Take proper care alfo of the cucumber plants which were fown in the natural ground to produce picklers. Their vines will now begin to advance, and lliould be laid out in regular order : but where it was not done be- fore, it will firlt be proper to dig the ground neatly be- tween the holes of thefe plants ; but take care not to go fo near as to break or difturb their roots ; and as you pro- ceed in digging, let th^ur runners or vine be carefully laid out in a neat mariner, at regular diilances ; obierving td lay fome earth between the plants, in-each hole, preiSng it down gently, in order to make them fpread djfierent ways, as yoL would have them run ; mind alfo to draw the earth up roarid each hole, to form a bafon, to contain* the water v/hen ^iven in dry weather. This digging will be a great advantage to the plants y for the)' will foon fend their roots into the new broken 0^6 earth,. 34^ The Kitchen Garden. [July;. e?.rtK»and the effe£ls of it will Toon appear in the ftrength and fruitfulnels of their vines. Thefe plants muft alfo, in dry weather, bedulyfup- plied with water : they will require it at fuch times every other day, at leail. Artichckes ^ Artichokes now come faft into ufe ; and the plants muft- be managed in this manner. In the lirll place, it will be proper to obferve, that if you defire to have large artichokes, you niuil, in order to- encourage the main head, cntofTan or moil of the/uckers cr fmall heads which are produced from the fides of the ftems; and thefe in fome families are dreffed j, for the table. See Auguft. Likewife obferve, that as foon as the Artichoke (that is the principal head) is cut, let the frem be immediateiy broken down clofe to the ground to encourage the root, and that it may mere effettually form new Hiocts of fome tolerable ftrength againlV winter. Cardoons^. Where cardoons are wanted, and where they were not plaated out lall month, it Ihould now be done the firft week in this. See June. Gather Seeds. Gather feeds of all forts accord irng as they ripen. Let this be done always in perfect dry weather ; and as- foon as they are cut,, let them be fpread immediately in a dry place where the air can freely come. There !et them- lie to harden, obferving to turn them now and then j^ and when they have laid a fortnight, or three weeks, they may then be beaten out, and well cleaned from the hufks^ and rubbifh, and put up in boxes or bags.. Leeks-, Tranfplant leeks ; chcofe apieceof good ground, and it will be an advantage to the plants to dig in fome thorough rotten dung. V/hen the groimd is dug, mark out beds four feet broad. Then July.] The Kitchen Garden 349 Then get the leeks : choofe the ftrongeil plants and trim the roots, and cat off the tops of their leaves ; then ptl ant them, obierving to put fix rows in each bed, and let the plants the di^ance of ux inches from one another in the rows. Ilcrhs for dryings Gather mint and baum, as alfo carduus, and all fuch. kinds of phyfical and pot-herbs as are now in flower, in order to dry, to ferve the family in winter. Thefe kinds of herbs fhould always be cut for the pur- - pofe of drying, when they are in the higheil perfection, which is v>'hen the plants are nearly of full growth, and jujl coming into flower. Let them be cut, in dry weather, and fpread, or hung up in a dry airy place, out of the- reach of the fun ; and there let them dry gently j for they fhould be always dried in the fhade. Herbs tc difil. Likewife gather herbs to dillil. Many of the proper kinds will be now arrived to full growth and advancing into flower; and that is the proper time to cut all fuch- kerbs as are intended for the purpofe of diftilling. Plant S.jge. Plant now, as foon ns poflible, flips cf fage where It was omitted in' the former months, and alfo the flips of hyf- fop. Winter favory, and fuch like herbs. Choofe fuch young : long, of proper Itrer.grh ; they mull be planted in a fliady border, inferting them two thirds of their length into th? earth : give water at planting, and in dry weather muft be often repeated. Gather Floijoers cf Fhyficrd and Pot -Herbs, Gather fome chamomile flowers, and the flowers of mangolds and lavender, to lay up for tne future lervice of the family. Let tlieiii be gathered in a dry day, and fpread to dry in a ihady place ; then pat tnem up in paper bags till wanted. So%ijing 350 The Kitchen Garden. [July. So^wing and Planting Peas and Beans, Put in a few peas and beans in the beginning, middle and latter end of this month, to try the chance of a late crop in September, &c. The fmall kinds are propereft to fow and plant now ; fuch as the dwarf peas, charlton and golden kinds, &c. and of beans, chufe the white bloffoms, long pods, fmall . Spaniih. or mazagan beans, and the like forts. Let the feme methods be obferved now In fowing and planting thefe crops as advifed laft month. Watering, Watering fnould at this time, be dulypraftifed, in dry- weather, to all fuch plants as have been lately planted out, till they hai^e taken root. This work (hould, at this feafon, be always done in a morning or in an evening. The proper hours are, in a morning, any time between fun-rifing and eight o'clock ; and between the hours of four and eight, or nine in an evening. Clear the ground. Clear the ground now from the ftalks and leaves of all fuch plants as have done bearing. In particular, clear away the felks and leaves of the early crops of cauiiilowers, and let the piece be hoed and made perfectly clear from all manner of rubbilh and weeds. Likewife pull up the ftalks and haulm of fuch beans- and peas as have done bearing, and all fuch other plants as are pail: fervice ; clearing away alfo all decayed leaves of cabbages, artichokes, and all fuch like rubbifny lit- ter, which both appear difagreeab'e and afford harbour to noxious vermin : and let all large weeds be at the fame time cl-cared off the ground. The ground will then appear neat, -ind will alfo be ready to dig, in order to be fown or planted with au- tumn or winter crops. It is alfo a great advantajre to kitchen ground to be timely cleared from the rubbilli ; for the ftalks of fome plants continue to draw nouriih,mGnt ; which, together with the weeds, would greatly cxhaull the ground. The I 35^ ] The Fruit Garde r?, Wall-trees, IN gardens where there are wall-trees that have not yet had their fumraer pruning and nailing, that v«ry needful work Ihould now be done in the beginning of ihe month ; otherwife, the fruit upon fuch trees will not only be fmall and ill grown, but will alfo be very iU talr«d, in compaHfon to the true flavour of thefe fruit. And, befides retarding the growth and debafing the talle of the fruit, it is alfo detrimental, in a very great ?gree, to wall and efpaiicr trees, to negled the fummer : dering and nailing, entirely till this time ; and in par- ■:ular to apricots, peaches, ncftarines, and fuch like ' .:es as~produce their fruit principally upon the one year old Ihoots. Befides, it caufes great perplexity to the pruner tCK I rcak through and regulate fuch a thicket andconfufionof wood : — requires treble the pains and labour, and can- not be executed with fuch accuracy as when the work is^ commenced early m the fummer. There is a very great advantage in beginning betimes in the fummer to train the ufeful (hoots in a proper di- redion ; and at the fame time to clear the trees from all ill placed and luxuriant wood ; for when the ufelefs wood is timely cleared out, and the ufeful fhoots laid in clofe and regular to the wall, the fun, air, and gentle ihow - crs. will have all along proper accefs, not only to pro- mote the growth and improve the flavour of the fruit,, hut alfo to harden or ripen the fhoots properly, which is. abfolutely neceiTary to their producing good fruit and proper wood next year. But however, where there are wall-trees fHll remain- ing unregulated, do not fail to let that be done in the beginning of this month. In doing this, obferve, as faid in June, to clear out all very luxuriant wood; and all foreright and other ill- placed fhoots are alfo to be difplaced ; but rnind in par- ticular to leave in the apricot, peach, and ne.*\arine trees, as many of the we]l-pla::ed moderate growing fticots as can be conveniently laid in; and let them, at t]je 352 The Fruit Garden. [July. tke Tame time, be all naiied in clofe and regular to the wall. Do not (horten any of the fhoots at this time, but let every one be laid in at its proper length. Look alfo again ov er fuch wall and efpalier trees as were ordered and nailed in the two laft months ; and fee if all the proper fhoots which were laid in laft month keep firm in their places ; and where there any that have been difplaced, or are loofe, or projed much from the wall, let them be now nailed in again clofe in their pro- per pofition. Likevvife obferve, if there has been any ftraggling Ihoots produced fince laft month, in places where not wanted, and let them now be difplacsd. Management of Fig-trees, Nov/ begin to nail fig-trees ; nail in as many of the fhoots- of thefe trees at this time as you can convenient- ly. Lay them ftraight and regular, and do not top or ihorten any of them. Sep the work of AuguJ}, Vines » Vines fhould alfo be now looked over again, in order' to clear tkem from all fuch fhoots as have been produced fince laft month. In vines, many fmall flioots generally rife, one at leaft: from every eye of the fame fummer's ihoots, which were laid in a month or two ago ; and the fame fmall (hoots, muft now, according as they are produced, be all as duly difplaced. All other (hoots, wherever placed, that have been lately produced, muft alfo now be rubbed off clofe; and all fuch ftioGts as ihall rife any time this month, fhould as they come, be continually taken oir. Where this is cbferved aud duly pradlifed, the bunches of grapes will be large and perfectly grown ; and every. bench will alfo ripen more regular and fooner by at leafl three weeks, than where the vines are neglefted and per- mitted to be over run with ufelefs Ihoots. See May and June. T)eJ}roy Wafps and other Jvfe Sis,. Now hang up in the wall'trees fome phials filled with; fugared water, in order to catch and deftroy wafps, and other Joly.] The Fruit Garden. 253 other devouring infeds, before they begin to attack the choice fruit now ripening. Let at leail three fuch vials be placed in, each of the largefl trees ; and even in the lefier trees, there Ihould not be lefs than tv/o phials hung up in each; and this Ihould be duly pra^tifed in the peach and nedarine- trees, and fuch like choice kind,'. Where this is timely done, it v»'ill be a great protec- tion to the choice fruit : for the infedls, which will now begin to fv/arm about the wall-trees, will, by the fmell of the liquor, be decoyed into the vial, and be drowned, The vials ftiould be often locked over in order to empty cut fuch infects as are from time to time catched therein. They fhould alfo be often refilled with a frelh quantity of the abovefaid fweetened water. Deftrcy Snails. Continue to deilrov fnalls. Search for them early in a morning and in an evening, and after ihowers of rain. Thefe vermin do moft damage to the choice wall- fruit j and now in particular to the apricots, peaches, £nd nedarine^;; which trees Hiould now be often and di- ligently looked over, in order to take and deftroy them. Bud ditto-, o Bud in general apricots, peaches, and nedlarlnes ; plums, cherries, and pea.rs. That work may be done any time in this month, bat the fooner the principal budding is done the better. Let every fort be budded upon its proper ilock; apri- cots, peaches, nectarines, and plums, fnould be budded upon plum-flocks; they generally make the llrongefl and moft laiting trees, when budded upon flocks raifed from plum-flones, or Itocks raifed from the fuckers of plum- trees; though all thefe forts will alfo grow upon Hocks of one another, raifed from the flones of the fruit; and alfo upon almond flocks raifed the fame way : but the plum-ltock is always preferable for ihe general fupply. Pears may be. budded upon pear-ilocks ; and thefe mult be raifed by fowing the kernels. Pears alfo fuc- ceed well, in particular for the wall, when budded upon quince-flocks to dwarf them. Cherries are to be budded principally upon cherry- flocks, which mufl be alfo raifed by fowing the Hones. Sucli 354 The Pleasure, or [J^Iy. Such cherries, plums, cr pf^ars, as was grafted in the fpring and mifcarried, may now be budded with any of the fame kinds of fruit ; for thefe trees will fucceed either by graftirg or budding. Budding generally fuccceds bell when performed in cloudy weather, or in a morning or an evening after three or four o'clock ; for the great power of the mid- day fun is apt to dry the cuttings fo much, that the buds would not readily part from tlie wood. However, where there are large quantities to be budded, it muil l3e per- formed at all opportunities. In performing this work, it mufl be obferved, that where the trees are to be raifed for the wall or efpalier,. the budding mufl be performed low in the Hock : that is, the height of five or fix inches fiom the ground, and at five or fix feet for llandards : but for tlje method of performing this work, fee the work of the 'Nur/cry fwr this month. Budding may alfo be performed now upon trees that bear fruit. What is meant by this, is, where there are wall or efpalier-trees, that produce fruit not of the approved kinds, fuch trees may now be budded with the forts de- fued ; and the budding is to be performed uponftrong fnoots of the fame fummer's growth. Several buds may be put into every fuch tree^ by which means the wail or efpalier will be fQon covered with the defired kinds, and in two or three years after budding they will begin to bear. The Pleasure, or Flower Garden. Cock/comhs, Tricolors^ and other curious annual Plants, BRING out now the cockfcombs, tricolors, double balfams, and all other curious annuals as have been, kept till this time in drawing-frames, or in giafs-cafes. When they are brought out, let them be immediately well cleared from all decayed leaves ; and at the fame time ilir the earth a little in the top of the pots, and then add a fprinkling of fifted earth over it. When Julv.1 Flower Garden. 255 When this is done, let every plant be imirediately fup- ported with a ilake of a proper height, particularly the combs, tricolors, and other tall plants. Let one hand- fome ftraight liake be fixed in each pot, and let theftem of the plant be tied nently to it in different places. Then let every plant be immediately watered, not only in the pots, but let the water be given all over the head of the plants ; this will refrefii them and cleanfe their leaves from dull, and the whole will make every plant appear lively and decent ; they are then to be placed where they are to remain. They muft, in dry weather, be very duly fuppHed with water ; and this mull: be pradlifed in general to all fuch annuals as are planted in pots. Tranfplant JJnnuals into the Borders^ C5V. Where there are any kinds of tranfplanting annual plants Hill remaining in the feed-bed, or in the nurfery- bcd, wherein they v^ere pricked from the feed- bed, they fhouid in the beginning of the month be taken up with balls, or at leaft with as much earth as you can abou t their roots, and planted in the borders or places allotted for them to blow. Let every plant as foon as planted be immediately wa- tered, and fuch as have long items mnft be fupported with Ilalies. The Care of choke Carnations , Continue the attendance and care of the choice kinds of the potted, ftage carnations. Obfsrve their flower-pods ; and as they begin to break for flowering, if any feem to advance irregularly, they may be afiiiled by opening the pods deeper, in the man- ner as direded in the former month ; to promote their regular fpreading; for in this confifls the principal beauty of the choice carnations. To preferve thefe carnations longer in beauty, they fhouid, when in bloom, be prote6\ed from wet and the mid-day fun, and from the depredation of vermin, fuch as earwigs, &c. which eat off the flower petuls at the bottom. The moft ready method to do this is to place the pots where they can be occafionally fliaded and ftieltered ; but principally upon fome kind of elevated ftand or ftage 5 which S5^ The Pleasure, or [July. which fhould be a High: wooden eredlion, having a plat- form for the pots, about two feet high, and wide enough to contain two or three rows of them : the length in proportion to the number of pots ; and it is proper to have the top of the ilage covered ; but this cover mull be fupported at a convenient height, fo as not to hide the flowers, or draw them up weak. For that purpofe, let a light- frame of open work be made in the maifner of the roof of an houfe, or it may be made arch-ways, and make it the full width and length of the ftage. This kind of rocf is to be placed over, and fupported upon a row of polls on each fide of the ftage ; or may be contrived to be fupported upon only one row of polls, which muft be erected juil along the middle of the ilage. The pofts muft be about two or three inches fquare,. and mull iland about five or fix feet afunder. They muft alfo be of proper height, fo as to fupport the roof in fuch a manner as to defend the Hovvers from wet, and the fcorching heat of the fun ; and at the fame time to ad- mit of viewing them with plcafure. The roof is, when the plants are in bloom, to be c^- ' vered with painied canvas or oiled oaper ; cr iof want ' of thefe, with feme large thick garden msts. And to . prevent the approach of creeping infers the bottom pofts are fometimes placed through perforated fmall, leaden or earthen cifterns, v.h ch being fiiied with water prevents the vermin afcending the ftage. But in default of the opportunity of having fuch a Ilage as above, a temporary one may be made, by rang- ing two rows of planks, either upon Ihort pofts half a yard high, or large garden pots turned the mouth dowji-- wards ; and if placed in pans of water, it will retard the progrefs of infe(^s from afcending to the flower. Do not forget to refrefti the pots duly with water; ia very hot weather they will require a little once every other day. Senjtti've Plant. The fenfitive plants if you raifed any, fhould now be again plunged in a moderate heat, under glafles, to for- ward them, except you have the conveniency of a hot- hcufe, where you may keep them conftantly in the bark- bed. But thofe who have no fuch conveniency, muft, as above, place the pots containing them continually under glafte* July.] Flower Garden. 357 glaiTes, either in a green houfe, glafs-cafe, or garden- frame ; but in winter they muft be Kept conflantiy in a hot-houfe, or on any hot- bed where a conilant gOv;d heat is kept up. Thofe plants are fingularly curious on account of their leaves, which on the ieail touch immediately drop and quickly contract themi'elves, and do not rife or recover again in lefs than an hour. Lay Carnaticns and double S^ajeet-iMilliams, Continue to lay carnations to propagate them ; and alfo double fwect-williams. This work may be performed any tin.e in this month, but the fooner it is done the better ; and in doing it the fame method is to be pradifcd now in every article as direded in June. Examine the layers from time to time, and fee they keep fecurely in their places ; when they have ftarted, let them be pegged down again in their proper pofitlon. Let them in dry weather be often watered, and let this always be done with moderation. Tranf plant Carnation Layers, Take off and tranfplant fuch carnation layers as were laid about the middle or towards the latter end of June. They will, by the laft week in this month, be tolerably ; well rooted. y Let them at that time be examined, snd if they have .made tolerable roots, let them be taken oif with great care. When they are taken up, let the lower part of the ftaik be cut off clofe to the flit part of the layer ; and cut off the top of the leaves, and let them be immedi- ately planted. The layers of the choiceft kinds may be planted fmgly in fmaJl pots; and when planted fet the pots immedi- ately in a lliady place, and let them be from time to time moderately watered till the plants have taken frefb root. They are to remain in the fmall pots till the begin- ning of M-arch, and then to be planted into the large pots, where they are to remain to blow. But the layers of the common kinds of carnations, ihould, when taken off, be planted in a bed of rich e.irrh. 358- The Pleasure, or [July. Let the bed he three icct broad, and rake the furface even ; and then plant the layers in rows, fetting them about five or iix inches afunder; and let them be di- 1 redly watered. I Let them remain in this bed to get llrength till Oc- tober, obferving to weed and water them occanoiqally till that time ; they are then to be taken up with balls, . and pJ anted in the borders. >j Propagate Pinks hy Pipings i^c \ Still may plant cuttings or pipings of pinks, &c. the be- \ ginning or middle of this month for propagation, in the \ manner related in June, taking the young Ihoots of the j y«ar, they will yet take root freely. See June. ^ I'ranfiilattiing Perrenial Platits, ' Tranfplant, where it was not done in June, theperen- 1 nial plants, which were fown in March or April, &:c. The wall-flowers, and flock July flowers, m particular, will now want tranfpl anting from the feed-bed and alfo the fweet-v/iiliams, columbines, Canterbury or pyra- midal bell-flowers with the Greek valerian^ tree-prim- refe, fingle fcarlet lychnis and rofe-campions : French honey- fuckles, and hollyhocks, and all oihers of the perrenial and biennial kinds. They mufl: now all be planted in nurfery-beds. Pre- pare fome beds for that purpcfe three feet and a half broad, rake the furface even, and then immediately put in the plants, each fort feparate ; plant fix rows in each bed, and place the plants about fix inches afunder in the row ; let them be diredlly watered as foon as planted, and cccafionally afterwards, till they have fl;ruck good root. Let them remain here to acquire a proper growth and llrength for final tranfplantation, next October, No- vember, or in the fpring : at which times are to be taken up with balls, and planted in the borders, or where intended : or fome of the more curious may alfo be planted in pots; all of which v/ill flower in per- fedion next year. Auricula Plants in Pots, Look now and the.n to the choice auricula plants in pots. When dead leaves at any time appear upon the plants, July."] Flower Garden. 359 plants, let them be immediately taken ofF, and let no wec-Js grow inj:-!-? pots. The plants wih alfc; in dry vveather require to be pretty often watered, and this muil not be omitted. I'ra-nfplant the SeedUng A'.'riculas and Polyanthu/es, Tranfplant the feedling auriculas which were fovvn I aft autumn, or early in the fpring, as aifo the polyanthufes that were fovvn in the fpring feafon ; for it is now time to remove them out of the feed-bed. Choofe a fpot for them well defended from the mid- day fun. Let the ground be v€ry nearly dug ; rake the fuxface even, and immediately put in the plants. Let them be planted about four inches afunder each way, obfervlng to clofe the, earth very well about them ; and let them be gently watered. They rnnil: after this be kept clear from weeds, and, in dry weather, fnould be moderately watered every two or three days during the fummer feafon. T^ake up Bulbous Roofs. Take up bulbous roots where neceflary to be done, agreeable to the hints given the two former m.onths. Many forts will now be pad flowering, and their leaves will be decayed, and may then betaken up in order to feparate the ofF-fets from the principal roots. The crown imperials, red lilies, bulbous irifes, and narciffufes, and many other bulbs will now be in a condition for this- praireiiions for performing that Work* BUD apricots, peaches, and netlarine^. This \& now the principal feafon to perform that work, and l«t^ them be budded upon proper flocks. There are no flocks fo proper to bud thefe kinds upon as plums, railed principally from the flones of the fruit ; as dircfted in the work of the nuriery for February, Majch, |uly.] The Nursehyv 363 March, 0<^ober, and November, &c. and when the ftocks are in the third year's growth, they are then fit to he budded. The rule is, that when they are from about half an inch, or a little lefs, to about an inch in diame- ter, in the place where the bud is to be inferted, they are then of a proper fize. Thefc ftocks may alfo be raifed from fuckers which rife from the roots of pluoi-trees. Bud alfo plums, pears and -cherries, and let thefe forts be alfo budded upon proper ftocks. Plums ihould be budded upon plum-ftocks, raifedfrom the ftones. Pears fucceed beft when budded upon quince or pear-ftocks raifed by fowing the kernels ; but the quince-ftocks are alfo raifed from cuttings, or by layers or fuckers from the roots of the trees. The quince is the proper ftock whereon to bud pears as are intended to be dwarfs for walls or efpaliers, and thofe for full ftandards ftiould be budded on pear-ftocks. In performing the operation of budding, regard muft be had whether the tree is intended to be a dwarf for the wall, or efpalier, or for a ftandard ; and muft be accord- ingly performed lower, or higher in the ftock ; but re- member that the head of the ftock is not now to be cut off". Where the trees are intended for the wall or efpalier, the budding muft always be done near the ground; that Ls, choofe a fmooth part of the ftock at about the height of fix or eight inches, and in that part of the ftock let the bud be inferted. This is the proper height to bud the ftocks in order to raife dwarf trees ; they will then readily furnifli the wall or efpalier from the very bottom, with proper bearing wood. But when it is intended to raife ftandard-trees, the budding may be performed higher in the ftock. To raife ftandards, the ftock may be budded at the Sk'/ight of three, four, and even fix feet. But for this purpofe mind to choOfe ftocks that are grown to a pro- per fize, for this muft always be obferved when the ftocks are to be budded at that height, , The manner of performing the work of budding or in- oculating, is this : In the firft place be provided with a fliarp pen-knife, with a flat ivory haft. The haft ihould be fomewhat R 2 taper. 364 T H B Nursery. [July- taper, and quite thin at the end ; which knife and haft is to be ufed as hereafter diredled ; and alfo provide fome new bafs mat for bandages; .and let this, before you ufe 'it, be foaked in water. In the next place, you are to provide a parcel of cut- tings of the refpeftive trees from which you intend to take the buds : thefe cuttings mull be Ihoots of the fame fummer's growth, and mull be cut from fuch trees as are in health, bear well, and Ihoot freely, minding to choofe fuch Ihoots as have llrength, and are free in their growth, but not luxuriant. Having your cuttings, knife, bafs, and every thing ready, then proceed in the followihg manner: With the above knife, make a crofs cut in the rind of the iloclc, minding to make the cut no deeper than the bark; then from the middle of the crofs cut, let another be made downward, about two inches in length, fo that the two cuts together form a T. . Then get one of your cuttings, or Ihoots, and take off the bud in this manner. You are to begin towards the lower, or biggeft end of the ihoot ; and, in the tirll place, cut off all the leaves from the faid Ihoot, obferving to leave the foot-ftalks of them remaining; then, about an inch below the lower bud or eye, make a crofs cut in the Ihoot, almoil half way through, with the knife llanting upward; and with a clean cut, bring it out about half an inch above the eye or bud, detaching the bud with part of the bark and wood thereto. Then immediately let that part of the wood which was taken off with the bud, be feparated from the bark, which mull remain with the bud ; and this is readily done with your knife, placing the point of it between the bark and wood at one end, and fo pull off the v/oody part, which v/ill readily part from the bark; then quickly examine the infide, to Tee if the eye of the bj! J be left ; for if there appear a fniall hole, the eye is gone with the woo^., and is therefore ulelefs : take another; but if there be no hole the bud is good, and is to be immediately inferted in the Hock ; obferving, for the reception af the bud, to raife gently, with the haft cf your knife, the bark of the Hock, downwards, on each fide, from the crofs cut, and diredlly thruft the bud genfly in between the bark and wood, placing it as fmooih as poliible.; obferving, if the bud be too long for the Jelly.] The N u r s n r y. 365 the incifioti in the (lock, to fnorten it accordingly when inferted, fo as to make it flip in readily, and lie per- fe6liy clofe in every part. Having thub fixed the bud, let the flock in that part be immediately bound round with a ilring of new ba{«- mat, beginning a little below the cut, and proceeding upwards drawing it clofely round to the top of the flit ; but be fure to mifs the eye of the bud, bringing the ty- ing ciofe to it below and above, only jull leaving the very eye open ; and this finilhes the work for the prefent. In three weeks or a month after the inoculation is per- formed, the buds will have taken with the iiock, which 15 difcoverable by the bud appearing plump ; and thofe chat have ncTt taken will appear black and decayed ; therefore, let the bandages of thofe which have taken be loofened ; and this is done in order to give fre« ccurfa to the Tap, that the bud, according as it fwells, may not be pinched; for were the bandages fuffered to remain as firft tied,, they would pinch the buds, and fpoil them. To prevent this, it would be moll advifeable to loofen them ail in about three weeks, or, at fartheft, a month after budding: which concludes the work till next March: ns until which time, the bud remains dor- Biant, then fhoots forth with vigour. At that time, i. e. the beginning of March, you are to cut off the heads of the (locks ; obferving to cut them off about a hand's breadth above the infertion of the bud ; and this part of the Hock left above the bud is to remain till next fpring, and will ferve to tie the ihoot to, which the bud makes the f ril fummer ; for the buds never begin to ihoot till the fpring after budding. Or may cut the head off at once near the bud, behind it in. a llanting manner : — See the management of new budded trees in March, &c. The general feafon to bud or inoculate is from about the middle o,f June till near the fame time in Auguil, according to the forwardnefs in growth of the fhoots of the different trees you would bud from : and this you may always eafily know by trying the buds ; and when they will readily part from the woodj, as above men- tioned in the work, it is then the proper time to bud the feveral kinds of fruit, and other trees and ihrubs that will grow by that method. R 3 Exa7}iine 3^6} The Nursery. fjuly. Examine the trees 'ujhich ivere budded lafi Summer. Look over the trees wich were budded lafl fummer^ and let all fhoots that arife from the flock, beiides the bud, be difplaced ; for thefe would rob the proper Ihoot of fome nourifhrnent. The buds will now have made vigorous {hoots, if any feem to require fupport, let them now be properly fe- cured, either with ftakes, or tied to the part of the ilock left above the bad, when headed down. Grafted Tress. Grafted trees fhould alfo be at times looked over, iri order to difplace all fuch ftioots as are at any time pro- duced from the Hocks. Examine alfo if any of the grafts have made fuch vi- gorous Ihoots as to require fupport, and let them be fe- cured. Tr anf plant fee dling Firs, This is now a proper time to tranfplant fome of the choiceft kinds of feedling firs and pines. But this is to be underftood principally where ftie plants ftand very thick in the feed-bed; and it is better (though at this feafon it is attended with trouble) than to fuffer them all to remain in the feed-bed till the fpring; becaufe, where they Hand very thiok, they would be apt, to draw and fpoil one another - 1'hey will fucceed very well when tranfplanted at this time, but only require much care to fnade and water them. Beds muft be prepared for them about three feet broad : the furface mull be raked even, and^henput in the plants about three inches a- part, and let them be immediately gently watered. The plants mufl be duly fhaded every day from the fun, until they have taken root; and this muft not be omitted, otherwife the fun wauld burn them up. Let thern be alfo duly fupplied with water till they have taken frefh root. The waterings ihould, in dry weather, be often repeated, but always very moderate. They will focn take root, provided they are duly treated as above direfted ; and will get fome ftrength by Michaelmas to enable them to endure the cold in win- ter ; which they generally do bettt r than thofe which are permitted to remain in the feed- bed till March. But, Jaly.J The Nursery. .qf; But, to repeat the caution, be fure to let fuch feed- lings as are tianfplanted at this time, be properly ihaded from the fun, or all will be loll. Inoculate and lay curious Shrubs. Inoculate rofes. This is to be underftood principally df fome of the curious kinds, fuch as the mofs Provence, and others, that feldom produce fuckers ; for it is by Aickers from the root that moil of the common kinds of rofes are propagated. Therefore, fuch kinds of rofes as fend up no fuckers. May be propagated by inoculation, and this is the pro- per time. The budding is to be performed upon Hocks raifed from rofe fuckers taken from any of the common kinds. Some forts of rofes as do not produce fuckers may alfo be propagated by layers, which fhould be layed in the autumn leafon, or fome of the fame year's Ihoots may be layed at Midfummer, and the beginning of this month J and they will foraetiraes be rooted by Michael- iftas. Jafmines fhould alfo be budded novv, this is the mod certain method to raife the curious kinds. The common white jafmine is the proper flock to bud the carious kinds upon ; and the budding fhould be per- formed in the firil or fecond week in the month. Some of the curious forts of jafmines may alfo be pro- pagated by layers, but- they (hould be laid in the fpring, obferving to lay the young branches of the lail year; or if fome of the young (hoots the fame year be laid in Junre, and beginning of this month, they will fometimes put out roots the fame year. And fome of the curious forts may alfo be propagated by cuttings, particularly that called the Cape jafmine, but they fhould be planted in pots plunged in a hot-bed. This fort mufl be kept in the green-houfe all winter. This is alfo the proper time to inoculate many other ourious kinds of trees andfhrubs. JVatering. Watering in very dry weather mufl flill be duly pra(^i' fed in the feed-beds, trees and (hrubs, &c. Thefe beds of the more delicate kinds of fmall young fccdling, will, in a very dry time, require to be watered R 4 at ^6S The G r e e n-H oirs e. [JiJly. at leaft once eycry two or three days ; and it will be a great advantage to the young plants in general, provided the waterings be done with moderation ; that is, not ta water them too heavily, or to give too much at any one time. Defiroy Weeds. Deftroy weeds ; and let it be done with care and dili. gence, whenever fuch appears in the feed-beds of young plants of any kind. Nothing is fo deftpuflive in feed beds as weeds ; they ihould be therefore alv/ays taken out with care, before they grow to any great head ; for if permitted to grow large, they v/ill do the young trees and Ihrubs of every kind more injury in two or three weeks, than they would be able to recover in twelve months. Let the nurfecy in general be kept always as clean 33 poluble from, weeds ; for this v^ciJl not only be an advan* rage to the plants, but it alfo looks well to fee a nurfe- ry clean. When weeds appear between rows of traniplanted trees^ fuch may be at all times eafily and expeditioufly de- flroyed, by applying a good fharp hoe to them in dry days. One thing is to be particularly obferved in the article of weeds ; viz. not to fuiFer any, in any part of the curfery, to Hand to perfeft thqir i^td^ ; for was that per- mitted, the feeds would flied upon the- ground, and lay a foundation for a feven years crop.. The G r e e n - H o u s e. Orange and Le?no7i-'T'rees, ORANGE and lemon- trees fhould now be well attend- ed when the weather is. dry, in order to fupply them with water as often as needful ; they will {land in need of this article at leafi two or three times a week. Orange and lemon-trees, which have now a great crop ©f young fruit fet upon them, ihould be looked over with good attention, in order to thin the fruit where they are produced too clofc t,o qhq ar-Othgr. ia cluiier.s.. July.] The Green-House. 369 In doing this, mind to thin them regularly, leaving- no two or more fruit too near to one another ; and let the number of fruit on the different trees be proportioned to the particular ilrength and growth of each, leaving the principal fupply, chiefly only on fuch fhoots or branches as have apparently Ilrength enough to bring them to any due fize ; and let the number of fruit on each branch be proportioned to its ftrength, being careful to leave the forwardeft, moll promifing, and bed placed fruit : do not leave too many on a weakly tree, but obferve due medi- um on the moil healthy and ilrongefl trees. Thofe trees which have now a fufficient quantity of fmiit fet upon them, may be diverted of all flowers that after making their appearance, fo as there may t>e no unne- cefTary growth to exhaull the nourifhment- which is now fo neceffary to the growth of the nevv-fet fruits. Refrejhing the Orange and Lemon- tree Tubs ^v'tth nevj Earth i . Where the pots or tubs of orange- trees were not lately refreftied with fome new earth in tubs in the former months, that work. fliould now be performed ; it-will be of great ufe in forwarding the growth of the new-fet fruit,, and it will alfo greatly enliven the plants, and do them.- much good.. . Tn doing this, take care to loofen ths earth in the top of the tubs to a little depth, and take fome oat ; then fill, it up again diredlly with frefli earth, and give it fome '.vaier. Propagate 'various Exotics by cutting, Cifr,. Plant cuttings or flips of myrtles, to propagite them 5: alfo geraniums and African fages, cillufes, and feveraj, other exotic flirubs, which may bepropagated hy plant-^ ing cuttings of the young fiiopts thereof any time in this, month ; but, if done the beginning of the mouth, there.; will be the greater chance of the:r'fucceeding.. Several forts will readily take root in oommon earth,., without the afTiilance of artihcial vs^ariuih, and- particular- ly moil of the ftirubby kinds of geraniums ; but all the forts of cuttings may be greatly forwarded if planted in pots, and plunged in a moderate hot oed. In chooiinv the cuttings, &c.. let their, be taken from fuch trees as are ht^althy and ilrong, and ihoot freely. Choofe' proper ihoots ) thefe fnould be principally of the fame fum- R 5 mer's 370 The Green-House. [July- mer's growth, and fuch as have fome ftrength ; and the proper length is from four or five to about eight inches ; but the myrtle cuttings ftiould not be more than from about three or four to five or fix inches long, and mull be all the fame fummer's Ihoots. Having procured fuch cuttings, let the leaves be taken off more than halfway up, and then plant them. But although the above cuttings, and feveral others of the hardier forts of green-houfe {hrubs, will take root without the help of artificial heat, and particularly, as above hinted, all the Ihrubby kinds of geraniums, which will grow in a bed of common earth, yet, if planted in pots and plunged in a gentle heat, either of any common hot-bed, or the bark-bed in the Hove, it would greatly^ forward their rooting. However, when a hot-bed cannot be readily obtained, snd that it is intended to propagate the myrtle, geranium, or any other of the common green-houfe fhrubs, by cut- tings, let a bed, or otherwife large pots, of rich light earth be prepared. Into thefe pots let the cuttings be planted, at about twa iuches diftance, putting each cutting fo much into the earth, that only about two or three inches of the top. may appear. As foon as they are planted, give a moderate water* ing, and this fettles the earth clofe about every plant. Then immediately place the pots either in one of the common garden-frames, and put on the lights, or may cover down each pot with a hand or bell-glafs. After this, the cuttings are to be fhaded with fingle mats, every day when the fun Ihines, till they are root- ed, and muft be moderately watered every two days. It is the beft method to plant the myrtles and all other cuttings and flips of green-houfe plants in pots ; and then, if they ihould not happen to be well rooted before winter, the pots with the cuttings can be moved into the green« houfe. The pots for this purpofe fhould be rather of a large fize. They muft be filled with rich earth, within half an inch or an inch of the brim : water them moderately every two or three days, in hot weather. For feme particulars in planting myrtle cuttings. See June. Succuknt July.] The Green-House. ^ji Succulent Plants, This IS alfo a proper time to plant cuttings of moft kinds of fucculent plants. Particularly euphorbiums ; all the forts of ficoidefes, arid feJums, with the torch-thiftle ; and the other kinds of cereufes, and alfo the Indian fig ; and many other fuc- culent kinds. The method of propagating thefe kinds of plants is eafy enough ; it is done principally by cuttings, and the ma- nagement of them is this : Jn the firft place, it will be proper to obferve, that the cuttings of many of thefe kinds of plants will take root tolerably free in a bed or pots of light comport, without the help of artificial heat ; but yet the aflillance of a mo- derate hot-bed would make them more certainly take root ; and in a much fhorter time, either placed in a bark- bed of a hot-houfe, &c. or upon any common hot bed either made of dung or bark; bark is the belt; but where that is not, dung will do. Make a bed for one light box, or fome hand-glafies, and cover the dung four or live inches deep with frelh earth. Next, let it be obferved, that as many of thefe fuccu- lent plants differ widely in the manner of their growth, no particular length can be properly afligned the cuttings ; but murt be taken as they can be found, from two or three to fix, {even, or eight inches in leneth, according to the- gjowth of the particular plants. Having fixed upon the cuttings, let them, with a fharp knife, be feparated at one cut from the mother plant, and let them be immediately laid in a dry place ia the green houfe,- Sec. out of the fun, till the bottom, or cut part, be dried or healed over; becaufe, if; they were to be planted before that was effeded,. the moilture from tlu wound would rot the cutting in that part. When they have lain ten or twelve days, they will be proper order for planting ; then let fome pots be filled with fome dry light compoft. This being done, plane the cuttings in the pots, and cloie the earth weil about them. Then immediately plunge the pots to their rims, eithei" in the hot-houfe bark-bed, or in a common hot-bed, under the giafies ; and ih^de them with mats, in the raid- 572 The Green-House. [Ji^Iy- die of funny days, till the cuttings are rooted ; and give now and then a little water^ But, as in default of a hot-bed, many of the green- Koufe fucculent cuttings will take root in- any com- mon light earth, they may either be planted in fuch, or in pots, plunging thefe into the earth, and cover them either with hand-glaffes, or a frame and glaffes, managing them as above. Wateri^ig the Green-hcufe Plants-. In dry weather, the green-houfe plants- in general- fijould be very duly fupplied with water ; for this now- becomes a very needful article to thefeplants. Some of thefe plants will require a little water, in dry weather, every day; particukrly the plants in- fmall pots. Others will need a refrefhment every other day ; and fome once in three or four days, according to the ^:ze of the different pots or tubs, and as they are lefs or riore expofed to the fun. Let them, therefore, be ipoked over every day, and let fuch as waiit it be ac- cordingly fupplied with that article. But let this be now particularly cbferved, in fuch places v.'h'ere the plants areexpofed to the full fun ; for in fuch a fuuation the plants will v/ant to be very often watered. Clear the Potsfr^m Weeds^ Let all the pets or tubs be new kept very clean ; that is, let no weeds, or any fort of litter, be feeu upon them. Shifting inio larger- Pots-. Where any of'the green-houfe plants, young or old,. are in \Vant of larger, pots, they may flill be removed into fuch. In performing this operation, mind to take the plant ou: of the prefcnt pot, with the bali^cntire ; and then, with a fiarp knife, pare ofi" all the matted roots on the fides and bottom of the ball of earth ; and at the fame time, take away fome of the old, both from the fides and bottom of the ball. The ball being thus trimmed, fet the plant immedi- ately in the larger pot, and fill np all round with fome freih earth,, and then give fome water. The |iiiyj The G r e e n-Ho us e. 373 The pots are then to be removed to a place v/here the* plants can be defended from boifterous winds, and Ihaded the greateit part ©f the day from the fun. Loojcning and ginjing fome frejh Earth to the Pots in general. At this time it will be proper to examine the earth in- all the pots and tubs ; and, vyhere it is inclinable to bind, let the furface be carefully loofened to a little depth, breaking the earth fmall with the hand ; and add, at the fame time, a little fprinkling of frelh earth, and then- lay the furface fmooth. This little dreffing will do the plants, at this time,- more good than many peodle might think ; but in parti- cuLir to fuch plants as are in fmall pots. But this might now be pradifed on ^11 the pots and tubs in general, and it would very much refrelli all the different forts of plants. Propagate Green-houfe PloAifs by Layers. This is iHll a proper time to make layejs of many kinds of exotic fnrubs. Let it be obferved, it is the flioots of the fame fummer's growth that are the m.ofl proper parts to lay nov/ into the earth. Many forts may be propagated by that method, and a trial may now be made on fuch kinds as you deliretoen-. creafe ; but let it be done in the beginning of the month. By that metjiod you may propaagte myrtles, jafraines,. pomegranates, granadillas, and fuch like Ihrubs, Bud Orange and Lemon 'Tree^.- About the middle, or towards the latter end of thl-j- month, you may be^in to bud orange and lemon-trees. Thefe trees are propagated by inoculating them upon flocks raifed from the kernels of their fruit procured i^n the fpring ; and fuch as are found in rotten fruit are as good as any for this purpofe. Thefe kernals muft be fown in the fpring (that is, in March) in pots of rich earth ; the faid pots are to be plunged in a hot bed ; and in three or four vveeks at fanhell, the plants will come up, when they mull be allowed fome air and wafer at times : in fix weeks or two months after the plants are up, they may be tranfplant- ed ^74' The G r e e n -H o u s e. [Julyv cd fiiigly into fmall pots, or may remain till next Tpring, if very fmall, and not growing very thick together. They muft be planted fingly, into half-penny or three- farthing pots, at the fame time giving them fome wa- ter; the faid pots are to be plunged into a new hot-bed, obferving to give air by r^ifing the glaffes, and Ihade them in the middle of funny days ; the glaffes are to be kept over them conftantly, till about the firft or fccond> week, in Aug'ift;-bat obferving as the plants rife in height to raife the frame, that they may have full li- berty to fhoot ; but in Auguft, as above faid, they are to be expofed by degrees to the open air : this muft be: done by raifing the glaffes to a good height, and after- wards taking them quite away. With this management, you may raife them to the. height of eighteen or twenty inches by the middle of Auguil; they inufl.be removed into the green-houfe about a week or ten days before Michaelmas, placing them near the windows, and there to remain all winter. Then in the fpring (that is,, about Marfch or April) it.will be of much advantage to plunge the pots again in a gentle hot-bed, managed as above ; it would bring them forward greatly, but obferving to begin in May to harden them to the air, and to let them enjoy the full air the beginning of June. The young plants thus managed will, in the fecond or third fummer, be fit to be inoculated: which muft be in the third or fourth week in July, or firil week in Auguft : at the time of budding it wih be proper to take them into a green«-houfe, or where they can be defended ^ from wet, and enjoy the light and plenty of air. When in the green-houfe, &c. it will be proper to turn that' iide of the plant where the bud is inferted, from the fun ; and, if the fun fhines freely upon the plants, ir will be proper to fcreen them with mats during the greateft heat. But, in order to make the buds take more freely, you may plunge the pots into a moderate hot-bed of tanner-s bark a fortnight or three weeks, made in a glafs cafe, or green-houfe, or any deep bark-pit which can be occa- fionally defended with glaffes ; giving plenty of a free air. The plants muft be kept in the green-houfe all win- ter; but in the fpring, about the month of March or April, a moderate hot-b,^d, in a elafs-cafe, muft be ' made July..] T H F FI 0 T - H 0 u s H. 575^ made with tan-bark, if it can be had ; if not, a bed of hot dung, and lay fome earth, or rather tan thereon, to plunge the pots in: into either of thefe beds the pots- arc to be plunged; obferving, at this time, to cut the head of the flock off two or three inches above the bud. In this bed they muft be well fupplied with water, and there muft be frefn air admitted every day, by railing or Aiding fome of the glafles a little way open. By the middle or latter end of July, the^ buds will have made Ihoots perhaps a foot or eighteen inches, and fometimes fwo feet long, or more ; at which time you muft allow them more and more free air every day ; and fo begin, in Auguft, to expofe them fully, to harden them, fo as to be able to ftand in. the green-houfe all winter among^ rhe other plants^*- The Hot-House. EVERY calm and clear day,, admit air freely into- the hot-houfe. For now, as the pine-apples in particular will begin to ripen, frefh air is a very neceflary article.. This is needful to improve the flavour of the ripening fruit, and alfo to promote the growth of thofe which are ftill fwell- ing, and will prove univerfally beneficial to the exotics in general of this department. So that at this feafon, let the glaftes be drawn open fome confiderable width, in- creafmg the portion of air as the heat of the day ad- vances. The pines muft alfo,. in general, be very duly fup- plied with .water. They will need it pretty often ; but let moderation be at all times obferved. But, in particular, fuch plants whofe fruit are begin- ning to ripen, muft be very fparingly watered; but it will, notwithftanding, be proper to allow them fome, though too much would \ery much debafe the flavour of the fruit. 0/ Propagating the Pine-apple Plants. Pine-apple plants are propagated by planting tne top ercrown of leaves which grow on ths top of the fruit ; each 37^ The Hot- Ho use. [July. each fruit or apple generally produces one top or crown ; which, when taken oiF and planted, freely takes root, and becomes a good plant, which in two years will pro- duce a ripe fruit equal to that from which it was pro- duced. The plants are alfo propagated from young fuckers, which arife at the bottom or bafe of the fruit, as likewife from fuckers produced from the root, or lower part of the old plants, which bear the fruit ; all of which, /. e. either the crowns at top of the fruit, fuckers at bottom, or fuckers from the old plants, are . generally fit to take off Tor planting when the fruit is ripe ; and thofe annexed to the fruit are to be feparated at the time the fruit is ferved at table, and referved for the purpofe of propagation, managing them as hereafter di reded ; and the fuckers arifmg immediately from the plants may be taken off any time when they are arrived to the proper ftate of growth ; which, like thofe on the fruit, is alfo commonly about the time the fruit has at- tained to its due perfedfrion of ripeneis, or very foon af ter ; but, as there are fometimes many of the plants which are not furnilhed with fuckers juft at that period, or at leail are then but very fmali ; in either of thefe cafes, the plants fhould be treated in the following man- ner, in order to prepare them to produce fuch, or to forward fuch fmall ones thereon as are not yet arrived to the due maturity, to be feparated from the mother-plant; which is, when they are about four, Hve, or fix inches long ; and their lower part becomes fomewhat of a brown co- lour. Therefore obferving, in. confequence of any ofthe old- fruiting-plants not furnilhing bottom fuckers, or that - they arc very fmall, 'and that it is required to have as large a fupply of young plants as poihble j may,- as foon as the fruit is cut, take up the pots of fuch plants out of the bark-bed ; cut down the leaves to fix inches at the bottom ; pull off alfo the under-leaves round the bot- tom ofthe plant; and then take a-littie of the old earth from the top ofthe pot, 1;11 it up again with lome frefh. compoft, and give fome water, Then re-plunge them in a- bark or dun5:-bed, where there is a tolerable brifc heat ; and, from tune to time, moderately watered. The old plants, with this management, will foon put out fome go.)d fuckers: and when they are grown to the , length of about four, five, or fix inches, they are then to- be July.] The Hot-House. ^77 be taken off from the mother-plant, and prepared for planting. The management of the fuckers in general, as alfo of the crowns, with refped to the purpofe of propagation and order of planting, to furnifh a fucceffion of new plants, is as follows : The crowns or young plants, which arife upon the fruit, are to be taken off when the fruit is ferved at ta- ble ; it muft be feparated by a gentle twill ; then take off fome of the lower leaves towards the rooting part ; lay them on a Ihelf, either in a fhady part of the ftove^ .©r that of fome dry room, till the part that adheres to the fruit is perfedly healed; which is generally effe£led in eight or ten days. The fuckers (hould be taken from the plant, when the lower end changes fomewhat brown, and take off fome of their lower leaves ; then lay them in a dry place till the part that joined to the plant is healed and become hard^ which will require five or fix days. They are then, both crowns and fuckers, to be planted in the following manner: Gee fome fmall pots, and having fome proper compoll previoufly prepared, of any rich garden earth, loam and rotten dung; fill the pots therewith, which done, let one fucker be planted into each pot; fix it properly, and let the earth be well clofed, and give each a very little water, juft to fettle the earth equally about the plants. Then let the pots be diredly plunged to their rims in the bark- bed. There fhould be a tolerable good heat to make them ftrike. But, for want of conveniences for a bark-bed, may make a hot-bed of new horfe-dung to ftrike the fuckers, and crowns, and it is a very good method. This bed Ihould be made for a one, two, or three light frame, or according to the number of plants. The bed murt be made, at leaft, two feet and a half, or three feet high,, of dung ; and as foon as it is made put on the frame ; and in five or fix days, or, at leafl when the burning heat is over, lay in as much bark, either new or old. or any kind of dry earth, as will cover the hed all over, about five or fix inches thick.. Then, when the dung has warmed the bark or earth, let the pots be plunged in it to their rims, and put on the glaffes, obferving to raife. them a. little, ev.ery day. 37^ .The Hot-House. [Julyv to let out the fleam, and to admit air, and fhade them from the mid-day fun. Care of ripe Pine-apples^ and the Croons of them for Planting. As the pinc-apples will now ripen apace, care fhould Ibe had to gather them when in due perfedion, and be- fore too ripe j generally cutting them in a morning j- each with feveral inches of the ftalk, and with the crown of leaves at top till ferved to table. Obferve, however, when, the pine-apple is to Jbe eat- en, that as the crown of leaves which grow at top, and" any young fuckers at the hs.{Q being proper for propa- gating the plants : they fhould, when taken from the fruil, be returned, in order to be plan ted .- Thefe generally make ilrong and healthy plants : buf Before the crowns, &c. are planted, let them, as foon as taken from the fruit, be laid in a fhady place, in the ftcve, till the bottom is quite dry, and then planted' Ungly in fmall pots, and treated juft in the manner as- direfted above, in the general management of the crowns and fucker^.- Shifting the SucceJ/ion Fine-apple Plant's » Now fhift the pines, which are to produce fruit next^ feafon, into the pots where they are to remain. But this need not be done till the laft week in the month. Therefore, by that time, let the pots, and a proper quantity of newcompoft be provided, and brought to the place where the plants are : then, having all things ready, let the pots with the plants be taken up out of the bark-bed, and let them be ihifted-accordiig to the fol- lowing method : In the firft place put fome compoft into- the new pot, to the depth of three or four inches. Then let the plant be fhaken out of its- prefent pot, with the ball, if pof- iible, entire, and place, it immediately into the larger pot, and fill up round the ball with more of the com- poft, and let the top of the ball be covered with it about an inch deep. In this manner, let the whole be fliifted; and let them be immediately gently watered, and thwi* plunge them^ dirsdly again into the bark-bed.- [July. The Kitchen Garden. 379 But the Bark mud be firll flirred up with a fork, to the bottom ; and at the fame time obferving, that if the bark is much wafted, or is become very earthy, and not likely to produce a due warmth, you fhould add about one third, or, at leaft, one fourth of new bark, work- ing both well together ; and then let the pots be plunged to their rims, and let them be placed in a regular man- ner; that is, place the largeft plants in the back row, aJid fo on to the loweft in front. Care of Hot-houfe Plants in generaL . Let the general care of all the other tender cixotics of the ftove or hot-houfe be continued as in the two former months; giving freqaent waterings, &c. Continue alfo to propagate by cuttings, layers, and fuckers, fuch plants as you would increafe, plunging the pots thereaf in the bark- bed. AUGUST. Work to he done in theKn cn^N Garden^ Winter Spinach, NOW prepare fome good ground, where it was not done lafl month, to fow a full crop of winter fpi- nach ; and for early fpring fupply. This muft be done fome time in the firft or fecond week in the month. But in poor ground, and cold fitua- tions, the feed fhould be fown in ihe firft week ; but in. rich, warm ground, it fhould not be fown till the fecond week in the month, for if fowed much fooner in rich, ground, the plants are apt both to grow too rank before winter, and apt to fly up to feed early in the fpring^ Choofe a piece of rich ground for this crop, that lies to- lerably dry in winter, and open to the winter's fun ; let this be neatly dug, and immediately fow the feed, and' tread it in, and then rake thfi ground^ Obfetve^ 380 The Kitchen Garden. [Aug. Obferve, it is the prick y-feeded kind that is to be fbwn now, for this fort will beft endure the cold and wet in win er. When the plants are come up, and got leaves an inch broad, or thereabouts, they mult then be thinned, and cleared from weeds.. This may be done, either b-y hand or lioe, obfervingto thin the plants regularly, leaving them- the diilance of four inches, or thereabouts, from one an- ether; they will then have proper room to fpread, and gather ftrength, to be able to endure the cold. Befides, when fpinach is allowed room to fpread itfelf regularly, the plants will produce very large and thick leaves ; and every fuch leaf is wor:h three that is pro- duced from fuch plants as crowd one another. S-Q^voing Cabbage Seed. Sow early cabbage feed, to produce plants for the fer- vice of next fummer. Alfo fow the large autumn kinds to fucceed the early crops, and for autumn fu^ply,. &c. The proper early forts to fow now, are the early and large fugar-loaf, the early Batieffea and Yorkjliirg kindi,. &c. See the catalogue^ But this early feea rnuil not be Town, yntil ^me time between the fixth and twelfth of the month j nor muft it be fown later ; there being an advantage in fowing it juft at that time J for was the feed to be fown fooner* many of the plants would be apt to run to feed in March ;. and was it to be fown later in the month, the plants would not get proper llrength before winter. Therefore, at the time mentioned, dig an open fpot of rich ground, and mark out beds, three feet fix inches broad ; then fow the (ted moderately thick, and imme- diately rake it in with a light and even hand.. Sow alfo the feed of the large hollow, large round, the long-fided and other large late kinds of cabbages in the beginning of this montli, for a full crop of large cab- bages to fucceed the early plantation next fumm.er, and for general autumji fervlce this time twelvemonth. But the feed of the late kinds may be fown five or fix days fooner than the Yorkfhire and other early kinds of cabbages, as they are not fo apt to run to feed in the fpjng, &c.. See the Kitchen-garden Catalogue. Broccvl: Aug.] The Kitchen Gaislden, 3^1 Broccoli. Prepare fome ground in the beginning of this month to plant out a fucceffional crop of broccoli for next fpring Aipply. An open fpot, not fhaded by trees, fhould be chofen ; and fpread fome thorough rotten dung over the piece, and digit in, and this will be an advantage to the plants, Thefe plants are now to beplanted in rows two feet afunder; and allow twenty inches dillance between plant and plant in the row, and give each plant a little water, repeating it two or three times in dry weather to forward their rooting that they may acquire a large growth before winter, and they will produce fine large heads next fpring. Draw the earth about the flems of tlie broccoli which were planted out lad month ; for this will llrengthen the plants, and promote theirgrowth. Swvoys, Tranfplant favoys. Plant them In rov/s two feet afun- der, and fet the plants the fame diftance from one another in the row. This plantation will come in at a good time; will be handfomely cabbaged in November, De- cember, &c. and the plants will continue in excellent order to fupply the table till after Chriftmas. Solving Onions-. Get ready fome ground, where it was not done lafl month, to fow a good crop of fpring onions. This being the moil eligible feafcn to fow the general crop for fpring fervice, and for early heading fummer onions ; but it mull be done in the firft, but at farthefl the fecoad week in the month ; and for that purpofe choofe a clean dry-lying fpot ; and vvhen the ground is ■dug, mark out beds three feet and a half or four feet broad ; then fow the feed tolerable thick, but as equal as can be ; then tread it in, and rake the ground even, that the {<^td may be equally covered, and the plants rife regularly in every part of the bed. The plants from this fowing will fupply the table in the fpring for fallads or other ufes ; they come in about the end of March, and continue till April and May; an J if 582 The Kitchen Garden. [Aug> if you let fome of them ftand till June, they will bulb and grow to a tolerable fize, but will foon after run to feed. Sow alfo fome Wellh onions ; this is done in cafe the Others fhould be deflroyed by the froft; for the Welfli onions will furvive almoft the feverell winter ; notwiih- (landing their blades will fometimes die down to the ground in November or December, the roots remain found, and new leaves will fprout up again in about fix weeks or two months after the others are decayed. Let this fort be alfo fown in beds as dire£led above, for it is the beft method ; then a perfon can ftand in the alleys and readily weed and clean the plants without treading upon them. Thefe Welfh onions never apple or bulb at the roots ; l)Ut as they are fo very hardy as to refill the hardeft froft, when the .common onions would be all kilkd, it is there- fore advifeable to fow a few of them every year at thi^ time ; as they will be found to be very ufeful in the months of March, April, -and May; and even continue till the fpring-fown onions come in., Sonxjtng Carrot Seed. Carrot feed fhould now be fown, to raife fome plants for fpring ufe, fow fome in the iirll week, but let a far- ther fupply for the main fpring crop, be fowed in the third week in this month. The plants raifed from this fowing will fupply the table at an acceptable time the fucceeding fpring. Let this feed be now fown in beds. Do not fow it too thick, and take care 10 rake it in regularly. Solving Radijh Seed. Radifh feed may flill be fown twice this month to ralffe fome plants for autumn fervice. Sow it in an open fpot ; and in dry weather let the bed be fometimes watered. If you fow this feed in the beginning of the month, the plants will be ready about the beginning or middle of September ; and that fown about the middle, or towards the latter end, will be fit to draw towards Michaelmas, and will continue tolerably good all Odober. The proper forts ofraddifh feed to fow, at this time, for an autumn crop, are the faimon cr fcarlet kind ; and the fhort top radiih. Sow 4.ug.] The Ki tch em' Garden. 38 j Sow alfo fome of the fmall white Italian turnep-rooted radifh to come in next month, when they will make a pretty variety at table, and eat very agreeable in fallads, jpr alone. See the fpxing months. So (the 21ft •of this month,) having from long experience proved that to be the mofl: eligible period of fowing this crop of •cauliflowers, for next fummer's general fupply, But in order to have a more certain crop and regular •fupply of cauliflowers, it will be proper to fow fome feed •^at two different times this month. The 6rft and main fowing mufl: be at the time above mentioned ; -and -the general nule is to allow the difl:ance of three or four days or a week, between the firll and jecond fowing. Theiirft fown plants are principally for the earlieft and firfl: general crop, and a quantity of which Ihould be planted out for good, in the latter end of October, under i)ell or hand-glafles. Some of the fame plants may alfo, at that time be pricked thick in garden frames, to be de- fended occafionally all winter with glaflTes, for final tranfplantation in the fpring ; or in want of frames, &c. a parcel may be planted under a fouth wall, and there re- main, without any other flielter, during the winter. They will fometimes (land it tolerably well ; but, if you choofe it, you may alfo at that time plant a parcel of the firfl ibwn plants in a Ixd or border, and arch it over with hoops, 3^4 The Kitchen Garden. [Aug. hoops, in order to be occafionally flieltered with mats till tranfplanting tiine next fpring. But the cauliflower plants raifed from the fecond fow- ing, are alfo propofed to be wintered in garden frames or under occafional protedlion of mats, or in warm bor- ders, principally for fpring tranfplanting into the open ground to furnilh a fucceffional general crop. See Odo- ber and November. But kt it be obferved, that if you have no bell or hand-glafles, or that you do not intend to plant out any plants under fuch glailes in O(5lober, as above ; but that you either intend or are necellitated to winter them all in frames, or on warm borders, you, in that cafe, need make .but onefowing; which fhould be, as before fiiid, fome time between the eighteenth and t\fenty-fourth of the month. But here it will be proper to fet down in what man- ner the plants, both from the firH or fecond fowing, pro- vided you fow twice, Ihould be managed until they are fit to be tranfplanted into the beds or places where they are to remain all winter. And, to begin with the (eed. TKe feed is to be fown as above directed, either all at once, or at two different times, as you fhall think necef- fary, according to the above dircftions ; obferving at the proper time, to let a fmall fpot of clean rich ground be neatly dug, and mark out a bed about a yard or three feet and a half broad ; immediately fow the feed, and rake it in with particular care ; or otherwife, you may lirll rake the furface fmooth, and with the back of the rake fhove the earth evenly off the furface of the bed, half an i»ch deep, into the alley, in a ridge along the edge of the bed ; then fow the feed, and with the rake, teeth downward, in its proper pofition, draw the earth evenly over the kcd : or in another method of fowing, the bed when digged, being juft raked fmooth, fow the feed, and fift over it about a quarter of an inch of light earth. In dry weather let the bed be from time to time moderately watered : this will make the plants come up foon, they will rife equally, and all take a regular growth. When the plants are come up, continue in dry weather, to water the bed moderately, at leaft every two days. Then, about the twentieth, or fome time between that and the twenty fifth of next month, the plants Ihould be pricked Aug.] The Kitchen Garden. 385 pricked out from the feed bed : at that time let another rich fpot be dug^ for them in a fhcltercd fituation ; and jnark out a bed tiie r?mc breadth, as above; into this bed the plants arc at that time to be pricked about two or three inches apart, and fhaded from the fun, and oc- cadonally wat>;rcd, till rooted. But one thing is proper to be ohferved, in the managc- ment of thefc plants, and particularly thofe intended to be planted out under hand-gl'affes ; and that is, if the weather fliovdd at the above time of pricking cut from the feed-bed prove cold, and at the fame time the plants but backward in their growth, it will, in that cafe, bepro- per to make afligbthot bed of warm dung to prick the plants in, which v.'ill bring them greatly forward. This bed need itot be made above twelve or fifteen in- ches, at mo{>, thick of dung ; lay the thicknefs of fix inches of earth all over the furface, and put in the plants as above. In either of the above beds, the plants are to remain until the la.H: week in October, or the firft week in No- vember, and then to be tranfplanted into the proper places, to (land the winter. The iirft fown plants, in particular, or, if you have but one fowing, the largell of thefe are at that time to be planted out for good in rows, and covered with the bells, obfcrving to place three -or four of the flrongeft plants under each glafs ; the glafies to (land three feet diftance from one another, and the rov/s four feet afunder. But if you defire to make the moft advantage of the above giafles, you may plant four or five plants or more under each; and in the fprirg thin cut the- worft, leaving but one or at moft two of the ftrongefl plants under each glafs ; and thofe that arc thinned out, are to be planted in another fpot, in the open ground, as di- re£led in February and iVlarch. The plants, intended to be wintered in frames, are alfo in the end of October, or firft week in November, to be tranfplanted into their winter quarters, in four feet wide beds of rich light earth in a funny fituation, fetting the plants three inches apart ; and one or more frames, ac- cording tiothe length of the bed, placed thereon, to be protected occafionally v/ith glalTes, as before fuggefted, and as direfted below, and in the winter months ; or obferve, that if the plants are backward in their growth, it will be pr .per to make a flender hot-bed for them in the following manner : S A place 3S6 The Kitchen Garden. [Aug. A place is to be prepared for the bed, where tlie plants may have the full winter fun. Let a trench be dug about fix Inches deep, and the breadth of a common cucumber, or melon frame, and the length of one, two, or more frames, according to the quantity of plants. Then get fome new hot dung, and with this let a bed be made in the above trench, making it about a foot or £fteen inches thick of dung, and fet on the frame, and earth the bed the depth of five or fix inches with rich light earth, and here the plants are to be fet in rows from the back to the front of the frame : plant them two inches and a half apart in the rows ; allow the diftance of three inches between row and row, and as foon as planted let them be moderately watered. Theil put on the glafles ; but obferve, to leave them open about a hand's breadth, that the Ileam which the dung will occafion, may freely pafs away ; and when the plants have tak^n root, let the lights be taken quite off every mild dry day. The plants, with the afliftance of the above flight hot- bed, will foon take root ; and if they are fmall will for- ward them greatly in their growth, fo as to acquire a due degree of ftrength, before the time of the fevere weather begins. They are to remain in this bed all winter ; for the heat is only intended to ftrike the plants and fet them a going at firft ; for it will not laft much abov€ a fortnight. Although I have mentioned the planting the above plants on a moderate hot-bed, yet where the plants are tolerably forward in their growth, they may be planted in a bed of natural earth, defended as above, with a frame and glaffes, fetting the plants the above mentioned diftance, moderately watered at planting ; and afterwards, managed as hinted below, and in the winter months as aforefaid ; however if they at this time, are planted in their winter beds formed of a little warm dung, &c. juft to ftrike the plants, it will be a great advantage. In one or another of thefe beds, the plants are to re- main all winter; and are, during that time, to be defend- ed, in rainy and fevere weather, by putting on the glafles ; but in mild and dry days no covering muft be over the plants : they muft have the free air at all fuch times. Thcfe I Aug.] The Kitchen Garden. 387 Tkefe plants are to remain in this bed, until the latter end of February, or beginning of March^ then to be tranfplanted into the quarters of the kitchin garden at about thirty inches, or three feet, diftance each way, from one another. Or for want -of frames or any fort of garden glaflTes we often preferve cauliflower plants through the winter, in a bed of common earth, and covered it occafionally only with garden mats ; the' bed being in a warm fitua- tion, andarchedover with hoops, and covered with mats in bad weather; fuch as in time of hard rains, frofty or fnowy weather. And may alfo often preferve thefe plants over win- ter, by planting them ciofe under a warm wall, pricking them three or four inches afunder, and planted out finally in the fpring. But thefe two methods are only to bepradifed by per- fons who have not better conveniencies ; but thofe in poflefTion of frames and glafTes, ihould always take the advantage of them, to preferve their plants through the -winter. Afparagm^ Let the plantations of afparagus be well cleared, and kept at this time perfectly free from weeds ; in particular that which was planted in beds laft March or April. Alfo let the feedling afparagus, which was fown in the fpring be kept very clean; and this mull be done by a very careful hand-weeding. Tran/platit Celery, Tranfplant more celery. Let an open fpot be chofeh; -mark out the trenches, and prepare them in the manner directed laft month. Get the plants, cut off the tops of their leaves, trim the ends of their roots, and then plant one row in each trench. Obferve to fet the plants four or five inches diftant in the row. Immediately after they are planted, let them be water- ed ; and, if the weather ihould prove dry, the waterings muft be repeated duly every other evening until the plants h.ive taken root. S 2 - Eartk 388 The Kitchen Garden: [Aug. Earth up Celery, Continue to earth up, as it advances in height, the celery which was planted in trenches in the two lail months. Let this be done in dry weather : and, when the plants are alfo dry, let the earth be well broken : then lay it up lightly to the plants : obferve to earth them up a due height on each fide ; take particular care not to break down their leaves, and alfo not to bury the hearts of thefe plants. Let the landijig up thefe plants be now repeated once a week or fortnight, according as they Ihoot in height. Artichoke Plants. Examine now the artickoke plants which were planted laft March, or April. Many of ihefe plants will now be in fruit; and, befides the principal or top fruit, there will rife many fmall heads or fuckers from the Hdes of the Hems ; .but in order to encourage the principal head to grow to a large fize, all thefe fmall fide Ihoo^s Ihould be difplaced. This is conilanily pradifed by perfons who prefer one large handfome head fo three cr four fmall ones; but when you praftife this, the fuckers fhould always be taken off, before they exceed the fize of an &%% ; and thefe are in fome families dreifed and eaten. Thefe, the gardeners about London call fuckers : they gather them as above, and tye them in bunches, and carry them to market, where they have a ready call for them ; but efpecially at Covent-garden and Spital-Fields markets. Remember, as faid laft month, to break down the Hems of the artichokes, as foon as you cut the fruit. ^mall Sallad Seed. Now fow fmall fallad feeds ; fuch as muflard, creffes, radifh, rape, and turnep. When a conftant fupply of thefe are wanted, there fliould be a little feed of each kind fown once every week. Let them be fown in a fhady border : draw (hallow drills, fow the feeds pretty thick, and cover them about a quarter of an inch : in dry weather they muft be duly watered. Aug.] The Kitchen Garden, ^^g^ So'njjing Lettuce Seed, and Planting, iffc. Sow lettuce feed, at two diiFerent times this month, for afe, both this autumn, and the following winter and fpring. The principal forts for fowmg now are the green and white cos lettuce, celicia, brown-dutch, common and hardy green cabbage lettuce ; but may alfo fow fome of any of the other kinds. See tlie catalogue. The nrft lowing is to be performed fome time before the tenth of the month, and is to raife plants for fupply- ing the table in September, Odoberand November ; the f^cond lowing mull be done fome time between the eigh- teenth and twenty-fourth of the month ; and the plants railed from this lowing are fome to be planted out in September, for winter fupply ; and others, fuch as the celicia, brown- dutch, common and hardy green, cab- bage lettuce, to remain where fowcd, and thinned as wanted in winter and fpring ; and a good quantity of the cos and celicia lettuces be planted out in September and Oi?i.ober, upon warm borders in order to Hand the winter, tofappiy the table next M*r-ch, April and May. Let each fort of this feed be fown feparate ; take care to rake it in evenly ; and, in dry weather, it will be pro- per to water the bed or border now and then where the feed is foivn. But fome of the plants raifed from both the firll and fecond fowing, particularly the browii-dutch and com- mon cabbagc^lettuce, may, when fit (that is, in Odo- ber) be planted in Ihallow frames to forward them for winter fervice, where they muii be covered every night, and in all wet, or other bad cold weather, with the. glaffes : and in hard frolls they mull alfo have a thick covering of dry litter (fuch as ftraw, or fern) laid over theglafles; and about the outfides of the frames. If thus properly managed, they will be tolerably well cabbaged in December, January, and February ; at which time they will be efteemed a great rarity, and highly accep- table. But if in Odober or November, fome ftout plants of lettuce are tranfplanted from the open ground with balls of earth to their roots, into a moderate hot- bed defend- ded with a frame and glaffes as above, it will forward them to a handfome fize in winter. S3 Planting 39^ The Kitchen Garden. [Aug, Planting Lettuces, Plant out a quantity of the different forts of lettuce, which were fowed laft month to fupply the table in au- tumn. See September and Oilober, &c. Let thefe have an open free fituation, dig the ground, and while frefh turned up, put in the plants diredly in this hot feafon in rows, ten or twelve inches afunder, and give them dire£lly a little water ; in dry weather they muft be watered as occafion requires, till they have taken root* Fennel, Car duns, and Angelica » About the middle of this month, you may fow feeds of fennel, carduus, and angelica. The feeds which are fown now, are to ralfe plants for the next year's ufe; and by fowing them at this feafon, they v/ill come up ftronger in the fpring. Ncte^ Thefe feeds will grow, if fown in the fpring fea- fon, but not fo early, nor do they gene/ally come up {q flrong, as the autumn-fovvn plants. Dejlroy Weeds, Take care now to deftroy weeds in every part, among all the crops : let this always be done in due time, before the weeds get to any great head ; and take particular care that none lland to feed. This fliould be well obferved in every part of the ground; not only among all the crops, but alfo in fuch vacant pieces of ground as have been lately cleared from fummer crops. For every weed that is fuffered to (land to fcatter its feeds upon the ground, lays the foundation of hundreds for the year to come ; therefore every opportunity ihould be taken to deftroy them before they arrive to that maturity. This is eafily done if taken in time, and particularly in all fuch places where there is room to bring in a hoe. With a fliarp hoe, taking advantage of dry days, a per- fon may foon go over a great deal of ground. Never faffer large weeds to lay upon any fpot of ground when they have at any time been hoed down, but rake them up, and alfo clear ihem away. Tranf plant and fo^ Endive, Tranfplant another parcel of endive. Choofe an open fpot, and let it be properly dug ; then get fome of the ftronceft plants, trim the extreme end of their roots, and the Aug.] The Kitchen Garden. 391 the tops of their leaves a little, and then plant them twelve inches each way from one another. Water them as foon as planted ; and in dry weather, let the waterings be repeated once every tvv© or three days, until the plants have taken root. The endive which was planted out in June, will, about the middle, or towards the latter end of the month, be full grown, and the plants Ihould be tied up to pro- mote their blanching. Choofe a dry day to do this work ; then get fome frefh bafs, examine the plants, and let a parcel of the largeft be tied ; obferving to gather the leaves up regu- larly in the hand ; and then with a piece of the bafs, tie them together in a neat manner j but do not tie them too tight. Sow fome green curled endive the beginning of this , month, to plant out the middle and end of September and October for a late fpring crop. Earth up Cardoons, The cardoons which were planted out in June, will now be arrived to fome height ; and it will be proper to begin to draw fome eaxth up round each plant ; and as they arife in height, let the earthing be accordingly re- peated. Take care not to draw the earth into the h^art of the plants. For their further management, fee September and Oaober. Onions, Examine the main crops of onions; ^when their leaves begin to fall and wither, the roots have had their full growth, and mull then be taken up. Let this be done ' in dry weather ; immediately fpread the roots to dry, and manage them as direfted lafl month. Garlick and Shallots. Garlick and fhallots muft alfo be taken up as foon as they have had their proper growth. This is alfo known by their leaves ; which when the roots have done draw- ing nourilhment, will begin to wither. Herbs to dijlil and dry,. Gather herbs to diftil. This muft be done when the plants are in flower, becaufe they are then jufl in their prime. S 4 Gather 39^ The Kitchen Garden. [Aug* Gather alfo herbs to dry, to ferve the family in win- ter. They mufl be cut in a dry day, and immediately fpread to dry in an airy room: but lay them out of the reach of the fun. When properly dried, tie them in bunches, and hang them up in a dry room till wanted. Son.ving Coleiicorti. Where it v/as omitted laft month, you fhould now fow feme feed for cole- worts. But this muft be done in the beginning of the month: otherwife the plants will not get fcrength to be fit for ufe at any tolerable time this autumn, and will {qt\q alfo- both for the fupply of the enfuing winter and fpring. See July. Tr an [planting Coletvorts, Examine the cole-wort plants which were fown in Ju- ly ; let them be looked over about the middle, or to- wards the latter end of this month: and fee where the plants iland veiy thick, to let feme be drawn out regu- larly, and plant them into another fpot. Let them be planted in rows, twelve inches afunder ; and fet the plants fix inches diftantin the row. By this praftice, the plants remaining in the feed-bfds will have more room to grow to a proper iize for plant- ing out in general next month ; and thofe which are now tranfplanted, will come into ufe three or four weeks fooner than the plants which are left in the feed-bed un- til September.- See July and next month. Prep a gale Saveei Herbs, Propagate v/here wanted, the different forts of aro- matic plants: the flips, or cuttings, of many forts may Itiil be planted, and will grow. Particularly the flips of fage, hyfTop, maftich, and marjoram, will ftill fucceed ; but mult be planted in the beginning of the month. The flips or cuttings mull be about fix or feven inches long; but if thefe flips could be now flipped off from the plants with roots to them, it would at this time be a great advantage- and muil: be planted in a fhady border, putting each cutting two parts out of three into the earth -, and, in dry v/eather, duly water them. Plaut Aug.J The Kitchen Garden. 293 Plant alfo, where wanted, flips of lavender, rue, and -rofemary : and you may alfo plant flips of wormwood and fouthernwood. But t-hefe flips fliould now, if poffible, be fuch as have roots to them, as you will fbmetimes find fuch arifing from the roots of the main plants, where they have been planted pretty low, that their branches touch the ground, when they will have taken root. Thefe cuttings fliould alfobe from about fix to eight, or nine inches, in length ; planted in a Ihady border, and occafionally watered. Management of Aromatic Plants. Now In the beginning of this month, it will be pro- per to cut down the decayed flower-ftems of many kinds of aromatic plants ; fuch as hyfl!bp, favory, lavendar, and all other fuch like kinds. At the fame time, it will be proper to fliorten all the flraggling young flioots, in order to keep the plants with- in due compafs ; which alfo will make them produce numbers of new fliort flioots, and they will, by that means, form clofc fnug heads before winter. But this work fliould, if poiTible, be done in a moill time, and with a pair of garden-fliears, let the decayed fiower-fiems, and the young flioots, or branches be trimmed pretty clofe. The plants, after Jihis, will foon begin to put out new flioots ; and thefe will get firength, and make the plants appear neat all winter. Gathering Seeds. Gather feeds, in due time, according as they ripen. Let this be done in dry days ; and as foon as they ai j cut, fpread them upon mats, or cloths, to dry and hard- en. But they muil be fpread where rain, if it fliould happen, cannot touch them; and let them be now and then turned: when it has Jain a fortnight, or tl e e- abouts to dry, let it be beaten, or rubbed out, and y/Ai cleaned. Then fpread the feed thin upon cloths, in a dry place; where let it lie a day or two to harden it properly : it is then to be p.ut up in bags or bo.\es. S ^ Solving 394 The Kitchen Garden. [Aug; Solving Corn-fallad and Cher Remonje bulbous Roots • This IS Hill a proper time to remove where required, feveral forts of late flowering bulbous roots, now out of bloom, fuch as the roots of martagons and red lilies ; the ftalks and leaves of white lilies alfo now decay, and that is alfo the moft proper time to remove thefe bulbs. When the ro©ts are taken up, the off-fets mult be all feparated from them ; and when this is done, the princi- pal roots may either be planted again now in the proper places, or may be dried and cleaned, and put up till Odlober, and then planted* But the bell of theofF-fets fliould be planted in nurfery beds, each fort feparate, and there to remain a year or two ; and then may be planted among the other flowering roots. Bxlbotts £ind Ferfian irifis. Remove alfo where neceflary, the roots of bulbous and Perfian irifes where it was omitted lail month ; and the bulbs of narcilTufes, fpringcrocufes, and jonquils, fritil- larias, and moft other bulbs whofe kaves are decayed, and the roots have not put out new fibres, may ftill be re- moved, if required, either for frelh tranfplan ting them, where neceffary, or to feparate the encreafed off-fets when grown into large branches^ For as obferved in the two or three former months, it is neceflary to take up the beft forts of bulbous-flower- Toots, at leail once every two or three years, in order to feparate the increafed parts or off-fets from the large or principal root; and it fhculd always be done as foon as ithe flower and leaves fade, or at leall in a ftiort time after; for at that period the roots are at red, and draw no nourifli- ment, but will bear removal without the leaft check. But on the contrary, when the roots are permitted to remain in the ground any confiderable time after the de- cay of the ftalks and leaves, they will k\\ fend out new iibres, and even at that time, begin t^ form the bud for the next year's flower ; and if the roots were after that to be taken up, they might receive fo great a check by the re- moval, that fome forts would not produce flowers the fucceeding year ; or, at leaft if they did, the flower would be \'^TY poor and weak. Aug.] . Flower Garden. 407 Tranfplant Perennials, Tranfplant into nurfery beds, fuch feedlings as wall, flowers, ftocks, and rweet-williams ; alfo columbines, fcabioufes, and other feedling perennial and biennial plants as are Hill remaining in the feed-bed. Thefe Ihould be tranfplanted in moift weather ; and the fooner the better, that the plants may have time to root, and get fome llrength before winter. Let a border be dug for them, or elfe dig fome beds three feet broad, and immediately put in the plants, about fix inches dif- tance from one another, and let them be diredlly watered. When the plants have flood in the above beds, or bor- ders, two months or thereabouts, or till the end of Odo- ber, or November, &c. a qaantity may then be tranf- planted into the flower borders; and other parts of the pleafure ground, to remain to blow next year. Clip Hedges, Now clip or trim hedges : all forts may now be trim- med; fuch as holly, yew, hornbeam, elm, lime, and alfo thorn and all other forts. This is the only proper feafon to trim fuch hedges as ^x^ only clipped but once a year, becaufe thofe hedges that are trimmed now will not pufh out any more (hoots to fignify this fummer ; fo that they will not want cutt- ing till next year. But fuch hedges as were clipped in the beginning or middle of lafl month, or before, will want clipping again in the middle or latter end of this month. Cut Box and Thrift. Cut box edgings; but this fhould be done in moiil weather ; keep thefe edgings cut pretty low, and do not let them grow too broad. Edgings of thrift fliould alfo at this time be trimmed a iittle, for they will now begin to want it ; that \^^ when it was not done lail month ; cut off all the decayed flow- €r-ftalks ; and when the fides have grown uneven, let them alfo be cut, which you may do with a pair of gar- den fheers. Let 4oS The Pleasure, or t^ug. Let the flieers for this purpofe be ground very fharp at the points, that you may be able to cut the fides perfect- ly neat. But this ought to be done in moid weather, if poffible, particularly the cutting in the fides, &c. of the thrift edgings, as if too cloiely trimmed in a dry hot feafon, they are apt, foon after, to affume a withered, difagree- able appearance. Mo^v Grafs* Continue to mow grafs walks and lawns, and let this be done once a week or thereabouts. Let the walks and lawns be alfo often poled and rolled, and this is almoft as necelTary to be done as mowing, to keep the grafs perfedlly clean and neat, and the work of mowing can alfo be thereby eite£led with much greater eafe and expedition ; as alfo more clofe and evenly per- formed. In mowing of garden grafs, take always opportunity of dewy mornings or moift weather, while the grafs is wet, for fhort graS cannot be mowed with any truth, when dry. Gran? el Walks. Gravel walks fhould always be kept very clear from weeds and litter, and thefe walks fliould be duly rolled, at ieaft twice a week. Borders, The borders in this garden fhould be all kept clear from weeds, and.always exceedipg neat. Thefe borders fhould be now and then gone over with a fharp hoe, in order to loofen the furface and cut up any weeds that appear. After this they fhould be raked over neatly, drawing off all weeds and litter, and the furface fliould be left clean and fmooth. brimming Flonver Plants, Look over all the plants in the borders or other parts of the garden ; and where there are any branches that ad- vance in an irregular or ftraggling manner, let fuch be cut off clofe, or Ihortened, as it ihall feem neceffary. Where Aug ] Flower Garden; 409 Where the fhoots of different ilovvers iiiterfere with eack •other, they fnould be ihortened, fo that every plant may ftand fmgle. Flowers always appear bed when they Hand clear or one another. Take ofFall withered leaves, and let the main ilems cf the flowers hQ well fupported with llakes in an uprighc diredion. Where any fhoots hang dangling, cut them oiF near the ftem of the plant. Where French and African marigolds, chryfanthe- mums, or other iT:rong branching annu^il flowers, produce rambling fhoots near the ground, they fhculd be trim- med up to a foot from the furface at leaiK This will caufe them to form themfelves handibme and regular heads, and will Ihew themfelves to a greater ad- vantage, than if the branches were permitted to fpread near the bottom. Gather F louver Seeds. Gather the feeds of fuch flowers as are now ripe, in a dry day ; fpread them on mats to dry in «n airy place where the f'un can come. When they are well hardened, beater rub them out, and put them in paper bags, or into boxes, till thefea- fon for fowing them. Planting autumnal Bulls. Plant autumnal-flowering bulbs, if any are now out of ground, fuch as colchicuiris, au-umnal-narciffus, ama- ryllis, and autumn crocus, &c. planting them in beds or borders of light earth ; they will blov/ the end of this, and next month, and October. The Nursery. Dejlroy Weeds. TAKE advantage of dry days to deflroy the weeds belw^^^n the rows of young trees and fhrubs of all kinds. Let this always be done in due time bcforfe the weeds grow to any confiderable fize, T For 410 The Nursery. [Aug. For when weeds are permitted to ftand too long, it will require double labour to cut them down ; and large weeds, when they are cut, will, if not raked off the ground, or well fliaken about, many of them take root, and grow up again. Weed and Water Seedlings, Seedling trees and fhrubs of all forts fliould alfo now be kept perfedtly free from weeds ; for thefe, if permit- ted to grow iff feed-beds, would do much damage. In very dry and hot weather, it will ftill be proper te water the beds of fmall, young, tender feedling trees, and it will at this time be a great advantage to the plants, Trim E'vergreens, Now is a good time to trim evergreens and fuch other fhrubs as want it in the nurfery. In doing this obferve to take out vigorous ihoots, or fhorten them fo as to form a more regular head. Forejl Trees, When foreft- trees have made any vigorous fhoots from their ftems'near the roots, it will be proper to cut fuch Ihoots off clofe. Tranf planting . In the beginning of this month, if the weather be a little moift and cloudy, you may tranfplant feedlings, pines and firs, from the boxes or beds where they were fown. It is now to be oblerved, as hinted laft monih, that it is not meant to make a general tranfplanting ; but only where the plants are any ways crowded in the feed-bed, it will be proper to tranfplant fome, that they may not ftand to fpoil one another. In doing this work, you are ta obferve the fame method as mentioned lafl month* Preparing Ground for Tranfplanting. The ground where a new plantation is to be made in autumn, (hould now be kept clear from large weeds ; and if there be any now of large growth advancing to feed, ho« them up and rake them off the ground and carry them out. Towards Aug.] The G r. e e n-Ho u s eJ 411 Towards the end of this month, it will be time to be- gin to trench fuch pieces of ground as are to be planted in autumn with any kinds of trees and fhrubs ; and in order that the ground may be the better improved by the rains, fun and dew, it will, in digging, be moil proper to lay it up in high ridges Budding, Now go over the flocks that have been budded three weeks or a month, and let the bafs be untied, that the •parts about the bud may not be pinched. Budding may alfo Hill be performed, but it mull be done in the beginning, or middle of the month at fur- theft, otherwife it will not fucceed. iZhsrry Stofies. Preferve cherry flones for fowing, to raife ilocks for budding, and grafting. The Green-House. Grcen-Houfe Shrubs NOW let all fuch green-houfe fhrubs as are in want of larger pots, or a refrefament of new earth be ihifteJ, this being as good a time as any in the wholvi year for doing that work. For that purpofe provide aquantity of frefh earth, and fome proper fized pots or tubs; thefe being ready, let the plant be taken up out of its pot with the ball whole, then trim off thofe matted and mouldy roots, which fpread about the furface of the ball, and pick away part of the old earth. Then fet the tree in the large pot, and fill it up pro- perly with the new compofi:, and give a m.od crate v/atcr- ing ; fo proceed with others, and remove the pots or tubs where the plants can be fnaded fornewhat from the fun, and fheltered from violent winds. Shift fuccuUnt Plants, This is now a very proper time to ihift all kinds of fuc- culent plants that want larger pots ; fuch as euphorbiums, T 2 fedums. 412 The Green-House. [Aug, fedums, aloes, and every other fort. Let this be done in the firft or fecond week in the month. Take them out of the pots, and pull away a great part of the old earth with care from the ball, and trim the ftraggling fibres of the root ; fet the plants immediately into the new pots, fill it up equally round with new light dry com.poft, and direftly give each a little water. Then fet the pots in a fhady place and the plants will foon take root : fome of the tender kinds may be placed in a garden frame, and the glafTes drawn on at times to proteft the plants from heavy rains, if fuch ihould hap- pen before they take root. If thefe plants are fhifted at the beginning of the month, they will have fixed themfelves again tolerably well by the end of the month. Befureletall thefe fucculent plants beplanted in very' light dry earth ; fandy or any dry rubbiih compoft is alfo eligible on account of the great humidity of thefe kinds of plants* Tropagate Aloes, ^c* The firft or fecond week in this month is a proper time to take off flips or ofT-fets of aloes, and other facculerts, from the old plants, to propagate them. Thefe flips orofF-fets are to be planted fingly, in fmall pots ; the pots muft be filled with -fome very light dry compoft. Thefe being ready, plant one in each pot, and clofe the earth firmly about the body of the plants, and water them moderately. When all is planted, fet the pots where they can be de- fended from the mid-day fun, and in dry weather 'et them have now and then a moderate refreflirnent of water; thus the plants will be rooted in a fliort time Watering . Do not forget in dry weather to give water to all th^ pots and tubs of oranges, lemons, and to all the other ^reen-houfe plants, and let this be always given in due^ time, before the earth in the pot or tub becomes too dry. But take partkular care of the orange trees, and do not let them want for moifture, otherwife the fruit lately fet will drop, Frejh' Aug,] The Hot-House 41 j Frejh-earthing, To orange and lemon trees, it would be a great advan- tage to add a little frelh earth to the top of the tubs or pots, provided it was not done in any of th€ former months during the fummcr. In doing this, the earth in the top of the tubs or pots fhouldbe loofened alnioll to -the furface of theroots : this being done, the loofe earth is to be taken out, and the tub filled up again with frcih rich earth. When this is done let every tub or pot have a moderate watering; and this fettles the new earth clofe to theroots. This fhould be done in the beginning of the month; and it is of fuch fervice to thefe plants, that if negle^led before, the doing ofit fhouldnot be omitted now. Tncculcite Orange-trees* Inoculate orange-trees, for this is the only proper fea- fon to perform that operation on thefc trees, but it muft be done in the iirfl: or at farthell the fecond week in the mouth. T})e proper Hocks to bud thefe upon, -is fuch as areraifed from the kernels of the fame fort of fruit. Sec ihe Green-houfe for June and July, The Hot -House. , Gi-ving Air and Water* CONTINUE to admit a large portion offrefhairinto the hot-houfe daily, for the benefit of the plants in general in this department ; obferving the rules as in ■June and July, &c. Likewifelet all the plants have water pretty freely two or three times a week. See July. Pine-apple Plants, The pine-apple plants, which are to bear the fruit to be expefted next year, fliould now, where it was not done laft month, be fhifted into the large pots, where they are finally to remain to fruit. T 3 Let 414 TheHot-Hous. [Aug. Let this be done, if pofiible, in the nrll or fecond week in the month, that they may have time to make new roots, and efiablifh themfelves in a fre^e growth by Oc- tober, ready for being placed in the fruiting-houfe or bark-bed, where they are to remain to fruit. Jn fhifting thefe plants, obferve to let a proper quanti- ty of frefh earth be brought and laid ready; or any light- ifh rich garden mould will do ; but if a prepared com- poft of rich kitchen-garden earth, frefh light loam, and a portion of thoroughly rotten dung, all worked up to- gether in a ridge, expofed in the full fun and air, fomc months before; it will be the moft eligible foil for:' thefe plants. The earth being ready, then bring the new pots for the reception of the plants, and put as much of the nevt earth into each pot as will cover the bottom three o^ four inches deep, and then take the pots of plants one by one out of the bed, and with care Ihake out the plant . with its ball entire; and placing it in the new pot, fill up the vacancy with frefh earth, and immediately give a , moderate watering. When all is planted, let the bark-bed be ftlrred up v.ith a fork fo the bottom ; at the fame time let a good ' quantity of new tan be thrown in, and work both well together. This being done, let the pots immediately be plunged ngain to their rims, and refrefh them now. and then with water. * • Fruiting Pines. . ^ Take care of the pine-apple plants which are now in fruit; they will now and then require" fome water, but this mull not be given in large quantities. Be careful, as obferved laft month, that according as the fruit arrives to maturity, to gather them before |oo ripe. See July. Prepagating Pines, The pine-apples will now ripen apace; therefore take care, according as the fruit is cut, to obferve, that where fuch of the plants as the fruit is cut from, are not fur- niflied with fuckers for an encreafe of new plants, they fhould now be prepared in fuch manner as to promote their producing fuch. ' - This Sept.] The Kitchen Garden. 415 This is now to be managed in the manner as direded laft month ; and the fuckers are alfo to be treated ac- cording to the method there mentioned. Likewife take care of the crowns on the tops of the pine-apples ; thefe alfo ferve for propagation : when the fruit has been ferved at table, the crown fhould be taken off with a gentle twill, and this fhould be returned, in ®rder to be planted. The management of the crowns now is alfo the fame as in the forme/ month. SEPTEMBER. M^ork to be done in* the Kitchen Garden. Mujhrooms, TH PS is now the feafon to begin to prepare. the dung for making mufliro*om-beds. Thefe beds fhould be made of the befl- warm horfe- ftable dung, and about the beginning of this month yon may get fome, that is frefh and good, ready for that pur- pofe ; taking the long raoifl litter. and fhort dung toge- ther, and the whole well intermixed. But before you work the dung up in a bed, it fhouM be toiled up together in a heap till the firft great heat is over; this is generally eiFected in a fortnight or three* weeks time, _or thereabouts, it will then be in right or- der, and you may-proceed to make the bed. But before you make the bed it is proper to provide a fufficient quantity of good muihroom- fpawn : this is a material article; and a proper quantity mull be pro- cured to plant into the bed to produce the mulhroomsj for this fpawn contains the plants in embryo. This is frequently found in the dung of old cucumber or melon, or other decayed dung hot-beds; it is alfo often to be met with in dung-hills, which have lain fix or eight months or more ; fpawn is alfo to be found in paf- ture fields, and lliould be fearched for in thofe places where you fee muihrooms rife naturally ; but I generally T 4. prefer 4i6 The Kitchen Garden. [Sept. prefer the fpawn found in dung, either in old hot-beds or in eld c'lpg-hills. I have often found exceellent fpawn in the farmer's durip;-hills ; fuch as we commonly fee piled up in large heaps in the lanes, or on commons near their fields ; and you will generally find it mofl of all in thofe dung-heaps which Gcnfifi: chiefly of horfe-ftable-dung, obferving to fearch in fuch as appear to have laid for fex'eral months ; and may alfo often find fine ilrong fpawn in horfe-mill tracks, where horfes are employed conftantly under (he!-' ter in turning mills, &c. or in liable-yards, where horfe- dung has lain fome confiderable time in the dry. Spawn is commojily found in fearching, as above, in lumps of dry rotten duiig; h a whTte fibreous fubftance, often running and fpreading itfelf in the faid lump's of dry rotten dung, a^^pesring of a white ilringy or fila- mentofe nature, and if of the true fort, has exadtly the fmell of a muDiroom. Let thefe lumps be taken up carefully, dung and fpawn together, cl-f^rving to preferve the pieces as en- tire as polhble, laying t!)cm, at the fame time in a bar- row or bafket with the fame care; when you have ga- thered enough for your purpofe, let the lumps be laid iu. a dry place, and covered with fome dry litter till the bed is ready. But if the pieces of fpawn are wet, or very damp, you may lay them thinly on a mat in i dry fhady place, where they may dry leifurely j then you may cover them as above. I have been obliged often to buy my fpawn of the market gardeners in the neighbourhood of London, but particularly thofe called the Neat-houfe gardeners near Chelfea, alfo about Lambeth and- places adjacent ; where many of the gardeners labourers go about at this feafon and colleft great quantities for fale. It may, if clofely packed up in hampers, be fafely conveyed to a great diilance. I have more than once fent it above an hundred and fifty miles. Jf is fold from about live to eight or ten (hillings per buftxel. When vou have obtained the fpawn, you may then be- gin to make the bed as foon as the dung is in a right condition for that purpofe^ Chooff Sept.] The Kitchen Garden. 417 Choofe a dry fpot in the melon-ground, to make the bed on, or on any other dry fheltered fituation; and the bed may be made either wholly upon the furface of the ground, or in a fhallow trench only fix inches deep and the width and length of the bed, and the excava'ted earth of the trench will ferve to earth it. Mark out on the ground the width and length of the bed, which muft be four feet wide, and as long as you Ihall think convenient for the quantity you intend to raife, and is to be made ridge ways, like the roof of an. houfe, and three or four feet high. Bring in the dung, and lay the bottom of the bed to the full extent; and, as you advance in height, to draw both fides in gradually from the bottom, till you bring it, as it were, to nothing at the top. As you proceed in making the bed, obferve to fhake and mix the dung well together, but do not tread it, but beat it down firmly with the fork, and permit the whole to fettle gradually of itfelf. Thus let the bed be carried on till you have ralfed it to the height of, at leaft, three feet and a half, or four feet high, iinifhing the whole in the form of a ridge of a houfe, as aforefaid. Having made the bed, you rauft let it remain for at lead a fortnight, or three weeks or a month, according to its fubftance and extent, before you put in the fpawn,, or at leaft till the heat is become quite moderate ; for the bed will be very warm in a day or two after it is made^ and will continue fo for many days ; and if the fpawn was to be put in while the heat is ftrong, it would be en- tirely deftroyed ; therefore have two or three long fticlcs thruil into the dung, to pull up occafionally to try the' heat; which be fure let be quite miJd, reduced to a very low warmth, before you venture the fpawn in : for this is veiy delicate; impatient both of too much heat and copious moilture. Remember, after the bed is made, that if there Oiould happen to fall much rain before it is ready for the fpawn, to cover the \yhole a good thicknefs at the top with long dry litter, for much wet would fpoil the bed. When the bed is in a due condition, let the fpawn be brought out in a dry day, and plant it in rows length- ways of the bed, obferving to begin the firH row wi'thin about fix inches of the bottom. T 5 Plant 4i8 The Kitchen Garden. [Sept. Plant the pieces of fpavvn in the dung, obTerving to .put them juft within the furface of the bed, aiid let the« .be put in about five or fix inches afunder ; when you have finillied one rowj begin another fix or eight inches from the firll,- and fo proceed till you have planted the whole. When this is done let the furface of the bed be made quite fmooth, by beatii)g the dung gently with the bac'k ofyourfpade. Then let every part of the bed be covered with fome rich dry earth about an inch and a half thick.; let this alfo be made quite fmooth by ufing the fpade as above. Thep let the whole be covered with fome clean and dry ftraw, or dry long flable litter, a foot thick at leaft, to keep out the wet and cold ; obferving, however, if you have any doubt of the bed recovering a vigorous heat again foon after being fpawned and clofely earthed over, which confines the heat and hot lleam ; you may cover it only but a quarter or half the thicknefs at firft, or not at all for a few days or a week, if a very fubftantial bed, and the weather is dry, but if rain falls, defend it with the latter; for if the bed is fuffered either to have too much heat or wet, all is loft, fo delicate is the fpawn ; and requires therefore the greateft precautions in the firft fetting off, being careful however, agreeable to the fore- going hints, to cover the bed all over in due time with dry litter, the full thicknefs above-mentioned; which muft be continued conftantly over the bed in all wea- thers, night and day; and managed as below : — When heavy rains fall, examine the above covering; and if you at any time fii:d that the wet has penetrated through to the bed, let the wet ftraw be removed, and lay fome freih on. During the winter feafon, the bed muft be kept en- tirely free from moiflure, and be confiantly covered as above, both to defend it from wet and cold ; and in lime of heavy rains, fevere froft, or fnowy weather, the depth of covering fhculd be augmented with more dry Uraw, and over this fome mats or canvas cloth. Or, after the bed has been fpawned and covered in fome confiderable time, and the mufhrooms do not feem to come freely, or that the warmth of the bed appears fpent, may remove the covering, and apply next the bed a quantity of warm, dry, hor^e-ftable litter, near a foot thick, and other dry litter over that ', and this will pro- mote Sept.J The Kitchen Garden. 419 mote a frefh mdderate heat in the bed, and prove very beneficial. But thefe beds, in the fummer Teafon, may fonietimes Have the covering of litter taken oiF during the time of a moderate v/arm Ihov/er, and in very hot weather may now and then have littie fprinklings of water. Thefe beds, if properly made, and taken care of as above, will begin to produce ple:ity of good mufhrooms in five or fix v/eeks, or thereabouts; and will continue fometimes bearing for feveral months. The fpawn, when it begins to run, fpreads itfelf very fall every way, and the plants will rife all over the bed. But fometimes a mulhroom bed will not begin to yield any plants till two, three, or four months after it i?» made; but when that happens, you fRould not defpair, for fuch a bed, after it begins, ofcen produces abun- dance of fine mulhrooms, and continues to do fo a long time. You mufl remember, when a mufliroom bed has done producing, and you pull it to pieces, to fave all the fpawn to plant in new beds ; for the fpawn will keep good for feveral months, or more, provided you keep it in a dry warm place, and cover it with dry litter. I have fometimes planted mufliroom fpawns on the Jate made cucumber ridges'; that is, in thofe made in April and May, putting the pieces along the edges of the bed, under the earth, where it has fucceeded and produced a great many mufhrooms in September and Odober; ob- ferving when you expeft them to appear, to cover the places with litter. Planting and lowing Lettuces, The different forts of lettuces which were fown in Auguft for autumn, winter, and fpring ufe, fhould be planted out at different times of this month into the beds and borders, v/here they are to remain. Let fome good rich light ground be digged for each of thefe crops; obferving, the crop for the fame autumn and beginning of winter fervice, fhould be planted out the beginning and middle of this month, in any bed or border, in rows ten or twelve inches afunder; but thofe of the late Augufl fcwings, intended to fiand the win- ter for fpring fupply, are to be planted out towards the T 6 ^ iafter 4''-0 THE.KrrcH£i6 month, or beginning of next. Let thefe be encouraged as much as poffibje, by hoeing between, and drawing the earth up round the ftem of each plant, and keep them clear from weeds. If the weather in this month proves dry, form the ' earth like a balon round each plant, and pour water therein : this will encourage them to grow freely, and produce large heads in Odober and November : for if they are ft? n ted now for want of moifture, their heads will be fmall at their proper feafon. Broccoli. Tranfplant your laft crop of broccoli, the firft or fecond week of this month, into the place where they are to re- main to produce their heads. Dig a piece of rich ground for thefe plants in a warm fitL.nion, and plant them in rows a foot and a half afun- der, and obferve the* fame diftance between the rows, wh.ch will be fufficient room for. this late plantation. Hoe the ground and deftroy the weeds between the broccoli which were planted cut the former months, and let earth be drawn up round their ftems. Planting late Sa'voys. Plr.nt out a late crop of favoys the beginning of this morLf., by ^ay of favoy coleworts, or young fmall headed favoys cowards the fpring, planting them in an ©fen fituation half a yard afundcr. , Cahhage Sept.] The Kitchen Garden. 42^ CM age Plants. The cabbage plants which were fown the fecoTid week in Auguft for an early crop next fummer, fhould be pricked out into nurfery beds. Some of the forwardeft about the beginning, and the reft in the middle or lat- ter end of this month. Choofe a piece of good ground for them in a Iheltered fituation. Let it be well dug, and lay it out into beds three feet and a half wide. Thin out the plants regularly from the feed-bed ; ob- ferving to take the ftrongeft firlt : the fmalleft may be left in the feed-bed a fortnight longer. Plant them in rows lengthways of the bed, about four inches afunder in the row, and fix inches between the rows ; clofethe ground well about their ftems, and leave the furface fmooth between the plants. When you have finilhed planting give them fome wa- ter; and if the weather is dry, repeat it twice or thrice for the iirft week or ten days, by which time the plants will have taken good root. Colenvorts. The firll or fecond week in this month, you fhould plant out fome of the forwardeft of the cole-wort plants, which were fown in the latter end of July and in Auguft, into the place where they are to remain both for the au- tumn and winter, and early fpring fervice : and in the middle and latter end of the month, plant out the reil for a general fpring crop. See July, &c Let thefe be planted in a free fituation of new-digged ground, in rows fix or eight inches diftant in the row; the rows fhould be ten or twelve inches afunder. They will be fit for ufe, fome of them in Oftober and No- vember of the firft plantation, the others will fucceed them in regular order, both for winter and fpring fervice. See the work of July. Plant Celery, Plant out more celery the beginning of this month for a fucceflional winter crop, and about the middle and latter end of the month plant out a late crop for fpring fupplies. Make 424 The iiiTCHEN Gard'ent. [Sept, Make fome fhallow trenches for thefe plants where the ground is light and driefl. Let the trenches be made twelve inches wide, five or iix inches deep, and allow a . fpace of thirty inches between the trciiches, which will |*De fufficient for this late crop* Trim the roots and tops of the celery, and plant one row in each fench. I-.€t the plants be {&t about four or .five inches alunder in the row^ Earth, up Celery* Earth up tlie crops of celery which were planted In trenches the former months, that they may*J)e blanched .of a proper length. Let this work be done when the plants are dry, and in due time,, as you fee the plants require it. Break the earth well, and lay it to the plants with care, fo as'not to break the ilalks, or bury the hearts. I'ie up Eiidhve to blanch. Tie together the leaves of endive to blanch it. Let this be done when the weather and plants are dry,- ob* ferving to tie up fuch plants as are arrived at or near their full growth: in doing this work you fhould gather up the leaves even in your hand, and tie them together with a llring of bafs, a little above the middle of each plant. Plant Endi've. Plant out endive the beginning of this month for winter ufe ; let thefe be planted in a dry fpot in a warm' fituation, allowing them a foot diilance each way. And about the middle, or towards the latter end of this month,- you Should plant out fom.e endive on a warm border under a fouth wall, to remain till after Chriil- mas before you begin to blanch it. This, if it furvives the froft, will be acceptable for fallads, and other ufes, in February and March. Cardoons, The cardoons will he advanced to a confiderabl« height by the beginning of this month : you mull then begin again to prepare to blanch them. The Sept.] The Kitchen Garden. 4^5 The firft ftep towards this work now is, to tie their leaves clofe and regular together to admit of landing up earth around each plant; for as the plants will be now arrived to a great height, aiid their leaves will fpread much, fo that the earthing cannot be completely done till they are tied up, this you muft do with hay-bands, or ropes of ftraw, or dry long litter ; obferving to ga- ther the leaves up regularly together, beginning near the bottom, and tie each plant clofely together as high as you Ihall think proper to earth them, which ihould be almofl to their tops. Then let the earth he very well broke, arfd lay it up about them as high as they are tied; remembring that every plant be earthed fmgly, laying the earth up quite round the plant; and at the fame time obferving to pat it gently with tae back of the fpade, both to jfix it in its due place and pofition, and that wet may readily run off. Thofe earthed up nov/ will be fit for ufe in Oftcber, 'November, and December, 'and the two fucceeding months, but in fliarp froil Ihculd be covered with dry litter. Spinach, The fpinacli which was fown in Auguft fiiould now be cleared, and thinned out to proper difla^ces. This work may be performed either .by hand or hoe 5 it is not material which, provided the weeds are de- llroyed, and the plants leift regular." In dry weather, hoeing them is the moft expeditious method; but, if the weather is moift, i-t will be bell ta perform that work by hand, . Let the plants be thinned out regularly to the dillance of four or five inches, obferving to leave the llrongeft ; and let the whole be perfei^ly well cleared from weeds. Where fpinach was not fown laft months it may ftill he done ; and in a rich warm foil, will fucceed tolerably well ; but mull be done in the beginning of the month, ^ Toung Onions, 4 The winter *onions which were fown the end of July, ^ or towards the middle of Auguft, will now want weed- ing : let this be done in due time, before the weeds get the lUrt of the plants ; for, in that cafe, they would do the 426 The Kitchen Garden. [Sept. the crop much injury, and alfo render it very trouble- fome to feparate the weeds from them. This work muft be entirely done by hand, and with great care ; othenvife many of thefe young plants will be drawn out with the weeds : for the onions are not now to be thinned, except where they rife in clufters. Where the fowing of onions was omitted lall; month, you may ilill fow fome feed ; there will be a chance of their fucceeding, but it mult be done the firft week in the month. 7urneps» Hoe the turneps which were fown the former month ; let this be done in a dry day ; and let your hoc be fharp, and of a middle fize. Cut the weeds up clean, and let the plants be hoed out regular, leaving them eight inches diftant. See Auguil. Small Sallading, L6t the different kinds of fmall fallading be fown once a week, or ten d^ys, as you fee it neceiiary : the forts are^ crefTes, muftard, radiih, and rape. Thefe feeds muft now be fown in a warmer fituation than in the preceding months, and where the earth is light and rich. About the middle of this month you may begin ta fow thefe feeds on a, warmer border, under a fouth wall, or other fence of the fame afpetl. Towards the end of this mon^h, if the weather fhould prove very wet and cold, you fhould begin to fow fome. fmall fallad herbs in frames, and cover them with the' lights occafionally ; or you may fow them under the hand or bell-glaffes, for thefe plants will make but poor . progrefs if they are not 'covered in cold wea^ther ; but ef- pecially in cold nights. Thefe plants generally rife beft when they are fown in drills ; but the drills muft be very (hallow, and the feed covered not more than a quarter of an inch with light earth. Chervil and Corn-Salld'd^ Sow chervil and corn fallad the beginning of this month, if not done in Auguft, for winter and earl-y fpring Sept.] The Fruit Garden. 427 fpring ufe, the former for foups, and both of them alfo for fallads. See Auguft. Gather ripe Seeds, Gather feeds In dry weather, of fuch plants as now ripen, fuch as lettuce, leeks, onions, cauliflowers, &c. which you muft well attend to in thefe kinds parti- cularly, according as they acquire maturity, and before attacked by the autumnal rains or mill-dew. Th£ Fruit Garden, Peaches, l^c» GO over your peaches, ne£larines, and other wall- trees, and fee that all the branches keep firm in their proper places ; if any be Icofe, or projefl from the wall, let them be faftened up in their due poiition. This prevents their being broken by winds ; and when the whole lays clofe and regular to the wall, then all the fruit can equally enjoy the benefit of the fun to ripen it; and it alfo appears decent and agreeable to the eye. ^ Where any of the ripening fruit are too much covered with the leaves, let fome be difplaced ; for if thefe fruits are too much fhaded, theywill not ripen freely with a full flavour. Some fliade is requifite and ferviceable to all fruit, but when too much is fuffercd it is a difadvantage ; and, in ^that cafe, no fruit will attain its natural tafte and colour. But the removing of leaves is only to be pradifed where they are uncommonly thick, and darken the fruit much; and, in that cafe, they are only to be thinned regularly, ftill preferving a flight covering of leaves over the fruit. twines. Look over your vines again, to fee that the grapes en- joy the necefl^ary advantage of fun and air^ to promote their ripening. * - Where the bunches are too much fliaded, let fome of the leaves be taken off; and where any of the bunches are 428 The Fruit Garden, [Scpt^ are too clofe contlned between the branches, or entangled, with each other, let them be loofened, fo that each may hang fair in their proper poiition. If the vines have produced any (hoots in the former month, let them be taken oiF wherever they aj-ipeaf, for they are ufelefs and, if left on, they would caufe con- fulion and irregularity, and alfo darken the fruit. Dejiroy VVaJ'ps and Flies, Continue to hangup phials of fugar.ed or honey-water^ to catch the wafps and flies which/come to eat the Qvaytze wall-fruit. '1 hefe intetis will do much mifchief to the grapes, if fome precautioa-is n-ot taken -to prevent them; therefore, belides the bottles of fvi."eetened water, let alfo fome fmall bags made of thin prape be put over fome of the fineil and ripeft bunches of grapes.' Thefe bags Ihould be made jull fo large as to contain one bunch of fruit: this will effedually keep off the infe^^s, and alfo the birds : the 'atter will devour thefe fruit at a vaft rate, if they can come at tliem, efpecially the fparrows. But thefe you may keep from the fruit hy fixing nets before the vines, or hanging up fcare-crows of feathers, or difcharging a gun or piltol ; but the moft certain method to preferve fome of your fineft bunches of fruit from all devourers, is to bag thcnras above direfted. Some, for want of crape-ba^s, ufe thofe of paper, but thefe do not fo well, for the ?un is then too much ex- cluded from the fruit ; and in wet weather, the paper be- ing wetted, it adheres to the bunches and rots them ; whereas the fun and air ha\^e free accefs through the crape, and when wet they will very foon betome *dry again ; and if wet weather continue, no inconvenience attends the fruit by means of the bags. Hang up phials of fweetened water alfo upon the choice kinds of fg- trees , for infedls generally fwarm about thefe trees, to feed on the fruit. You fliould alfo watch birdsrvery well, or they will peok and fpoil many of the beft figs. Gather Apples and Fears ^ Now begin to gather apples and pears for keeping, ac- cording as ^ey are fit : many of the autumn forts will be Sept.] The Fruit Garden. 429 he ready to take down towards the middle or latter end of the montli. This work nvuft always be done in aperfeftly dry day ; and be fure to let the fruit be alfo quite dry before you begin to puil them, and all the fruit which are for keep- ing fhould hang their full time on the trees, but efpe- cially the late autumnal and winter pears and apples. See Oaober. About the latter end of this month many of the winter fruits will be fit to gather ; but if the weather is fine, let them hang on the trees till Odober. * When the apples or pears have hung their full tinie on the trees they will eafily quit the wood on being handled ; and when they begin to drop off apace that is a certain jlgn of their maturity, and that they may be gathered. See October. Prepare for Plantings ' Begin towards the end of the month, to prepare tlie ground where new plantations of fruit-trees are to be made. If an entire new border is intended for wall-trees^ &C4'^ it is of importance to add a, good fupply of thoroughly- rotten dung ; and the ground to be worked to the depth . of at leaft eighteen inches or two feet : and if it is light dry foil it would be an advantage to add alfo fome frerti loam from a common or field, &c. but particularly to the places where the trees are to (land. See next month. Straiv^errief. Now is a proper time to plant ftrawBerries ; and if moift weather, it may be done in any time of the month ;' ' but if the weather be very dry and hot, it will be pro- per not to begin that work till the middle, or towards the latter end of the month. Thefe plants fliould be allowed go6d ground, let it be neatly digged, and lay it out into beds four feet broad, allowing alleys between the beds eighteen or twenty iri- ches wide, for the convenience of going in to weed, wa- ter, and gather the fruit. The plants are to be fet in rows lengthway the beds ; the rows to be fifteen or eighteen inches afunder, and the plants to be fet the fame diftance from one another in the rows. ' '^ Or 430 The P l e a s u r s, ^r [Sept. Or they may be planted in borders along the front and back of efpalier-trees, or under walls, hedges, &c. ©r where convenient : the wood Urawberries will fucceed both ia the fhade under buihes, trees, &c. and in a free expofure, but the other forts Ihould generally be allowed an open funny expofition. It will be moll proper to do that work in moiit weather, if poifible. The proper forts of ftrawberries to plant are. The fcarlet ftrawberry. The hautboy. The large Chili ftrawberry. The white and red wood-ftrawberrles. Thepine-apple llraw berry, having a greeuiih fruit. The Alpine everlaiting, or prolific ftrawberry. This laft has been but a few years in England, and is much efteemed for its fruitfulnefs, for the plants conti- nue to produce fruit from June to November, and if Ihel- tered with a common frame and glalTes, will, if open wea- ther, coatinue bearing till Chriitmas. Bat the fruit of this fort is in the greateft perfedion in Auguft and* beginning of September. The Pleasure, or Flower Garden. Hyacinths and I'uUp Roots, IN the third or fourth week in this mpnth it will be time to begin to plant the choice hyacinth and tulip roots for an early fpring bloom. Let the beds for thefe bulbs be digged or trenched one or two fpades deep, breaking the earth fine and lay the furface even ; and let the beds be three feet and a half, or four feet wide, laid moderately' rounding, and rake the furface fmooth. Then plant the bulbs in rows length v/ays the bed nine inches afunder, and the fame diftance in the row, but not nearer than fix inches, and from three to four or five inches deep. As to the method of planting, may either draw drills with an hoe, placing the bulbs bottom downwards, in Sept.] Flower Garden. 43 i in a row along each drill, and cover them In with the earth, or may be holed in with a trowel, or a thick broad-ended dibble ; or with a fpade or rake, may trim the earth evenly off the furface of the bed, into the alley, the depth required to plant the roots, which then place at the proper diftance upon the furface of the bed, pref- fing them a little into tH earth ; then with the fpade, caft the earth out of the alley evenly over the roots, the depth as above. RanuKCu/u/es, l^c* Now alfo, about the middle or towards the latter end of this month, begin to prepare the beds for the beft ra- nunculufes and anemone roots; and any time after the twentieth of the month, to the end of Oftober, is the time to plant them. Where it is intended to plant thefe roots in beds by themfelves, let the beds be made alfo three feet and a half or four feet broad, laying them fomewhat rounding : that form is more agreeable to the eye. Let thefe roots be planted not lefs than fix inches dif- tant each way from one another, and two or three inches •deep, but not more. The above diftance is more room than what is generally allowed to ranunculufes and anemone roots; but they fhould never be planted clofer ; for when the plants ftioot up in a crouded manner, they draw each other up weak, and the flowers never grow fo large, nor the different varie- ties Ihew themfelves to fueh advantage, as when they iland more diftant. So<-iX) Anemone and Ranunculus Seed. This is ftill a proper time to fow the feeds of ane- Eiones and raminculufes, where it was not done in Auguft. For that purpofe fill fome pots, boxes, or tubs, with Tich light earth, making the furface even; then fcatter on the feeds pretty thick, each fort feparate, and cover them with light.fine earth not more than a quarter of an inch thick. The plants will come up in about fix weeks, or two i inonths, when they muft have a warm, funny Situation, and Ihould be protected in winter, in lime of great rain or hard froft* About 43^ The Pleasure, or [Sept. . About the Michaelmas twelvemonth, they ihouid be tranfplan ted into a bed of common. earth ; and in the fprmg following they will nower ; when, perhaps, they will afford you feveral new flowers that are double, and of fine colours. As for the fmgle flowers, the befl of-them may be de- pofited in cluilers about the common borders, &c. and the refl ihouid be deflroyed. Carnation Layers, Take care now of the carnation layers : where there are any flill remaining on the old plants, let them be tranfplanted fome time before the middle of the month, that they may have tim^ to take good root before winter. The choiceft kinds of thefe layers you may plant in fmall pots for the more readily proteding them in win- ter. The layers of the common forts you may plant into nurfery-beds in a warm fituation, and fome of the llrongeft layers may be planted out at once into the bor- ders, or where you intend them to flower.. Where any^ of the above layers were planted in pots or in beds, in the former month, let them now be kept clear from weeds ; and, if the feafon proves dry, do not fail to water them now and then. Auricula Plants in Pots* Auricula plants in pots demand an equal fhare of atten- tion at this time, and particularly thofe that were fliifted laft month ; but if they were not then Ihifted, it maynow be effefted. Thefe plants (hould, if the weather proves at this time very dry, be now and then moderately watered ; but if there fhould fall much heavy rain about the end of the month, it will be of advantage to defend the capital forts occafionally ; for much wet is apt to rot auricula plants on account of their natural fucculency. To proteft the choicer kinds of thefe plants in bad' weather, let the pots, about the latter end of this month, or in Oilober, either be placed clofe together in a bed,' arched over with hoops, open to the full fun ; and when autumnal and winter rains, or fnows, &c. are exceffive,. let fome large thick mats or canvas be drawn over the hoops to defend the plants ; or the pots may be fet clofe toge- ' Sept.] Flower Garden. 43j together in a garden-frame, and the glafles put on as oc- cafion requires, which will be more ineiFedlual ; but let them be fully expofed in all moderate dry weather. But where there are no fuch conveniencies as above it will in that cafe be proper to lay the pots down oa a.lks and Lci'^j.-ns. Mow grafs- walks and lawns, and let this be always done in proper time, never permitting the !?rafs to grow rank, for that not only looks extremely diiagreeable in a garden, but when the grafs is fuflered to grow very rough, it renders it diiricult to mow it to any truth, fo as to make the furface look well : obfsrving at this time, the grafs Itiould be mowed as tlofe and even as poffible, that it may appear agreeable all winter. Let the edges of all the grafs next gravel-walks, or the borders, be aifo kept clofe and neat. The edges of grafsvvalks fhould, during the fummer, in order to keep them perf-^.tly neat, be gone over about once every week or fortnight with a pair of fliears, cut-' ting the grafs in as clofe as can be to the edge. For that purpofe nothing '^ fo handy as apair of fiieep- fiiears; but where thefe are not to be had, garden-fhears will do, or may be trimmed with a knife. U2 Roll 43^ The Pleasure, or [Sept. Roll Gra'vel-'walks. Roll gravel-walks at leaft twice every week, for tbey will not look well, nor be agreeable to walk upon, with- out they are rolled fo often : and let tliefe walks be al- ways kept very neat, not fuffering weeds or any litter to appear on them. Borders, Keep the borders alfo, in particular thofe near the principal walks, always very neat. Let no weeds (land, nor fuffer decayed flower ftalks, dead leaves or otker rubbiih, to remain in fuch places. Clearing a fuch as are flrong, and cut them into proper lengths of about nine, ten, or twelve inches j and plant them in rows^ten or twelve inches dillant, and allow fix or eight inches between plant and plant in the row. They fhoulu be planted in a fhady border. In planting them, mind to put each cutting full half way, or thereabouts in the earth. Many other kinds of flowering fhrubs and trees are raifed by cuttings of the fame year's Ihoots : and the middle or latter end of this month is the time to begin to plant cuttings of all the hardy kinds. This is rather the bell time in the year to plant cut- tings of laurel and Portugal laurel. Thefe cuttings may be planted in a (hady border any time in this month, but about the middle or towards the latter end is rather the beil time to do that work. In taking off thefe cuttings, mind to take a parcel of the moderate ftrong fhoots of the fame year's growth, obferving to cut off with each fhoot, about two or three inches of the laft year's wood, and this will make them more certainly fucceed. Having provided the cuttings, cut off" the leaves at bottom, and halfway up the fhoots ; then plant them in a Ihady border, putting each cutting as far into the earth as it is ilripped, and water them. Cherry and Plum Stones to raife Stocks, Sow cherry and plum Hones, or preferve them to fow in Oftober, to raife flocks to graft and bud upon. See Oaober. Deflrey Weeds, Now take the opportunity, in dry weather, to hoe be- tween the rows of all kinds of trees and ihrubs, in order to deftroy all the weeds ; and this fhould now be very well attended to, before the autumn rains begin. Likewife take particular care at this time to let every other part of the nurfery be thoroughly cleared from weeds, for thefe will now come up very thick and faflin every part from feed. Th^ C 441 ] The Green -House. Orange and Lemon Trees, IN the lall week in this month it will be time, if the nights prove cold, to remove the orange trees, and many other green-houfe plants, into their winter quar- ters ; but if fine weather, they may remain a week or fortnight longer. Let, however, the oranges and lemons in particular, and fuch like kinds, be taken into the green-houfe at the firft approach of cold nights ; for one Iharp night would make their leaves change their fine green colour, and they would Hardly be able to recover it again all winter. Therefore, at the time mentioned, take the opportu- nity of a perfe Another thing aHowed is, that when the beans are ■thus firll fown in a fmall bed, and fevere frcus afterwards fet in any time before the plants are ready to be .ranf- planted ; in that cafe, the feed, or planrs, b-y being all together within a fmall compafs, can be readily pra- teded by placing a frame, or fomc other covering, over them t and by that means be preferved;. when thofe in the open ground are fcmetimes killed, or greatly da- maged by the froft. ^ . ' Sonving Peas. Now fovy fome peas, for an early crap next May or June: they may be fowed in the middle or latter end of the month, arid the produce will come in at. an earjy . _• feafon. 0(5t.] Th"e Kitchen Garden^ 447 feaicn, provided they .efcape the froft.; but however, if they are fown any time in the month, it will not makti a great difference ; and indeed thofe fown- in the latter end of the month will have the better chance tofucceed. The earliell hotfpur are the proper fort of peas to fov/ at this tim.e. Choofe fuch feeds as are new, plamp and found. There are feveral forts of the hotfpurs; fuch as the golden, the Charlton, the Reading, the mailer, and Ni- chols's ; but the golden, and a new variety thereof, called Nichols's early pea, arc thofe which we now gei nerally lecomniend to fow for the firil crop. * A wnrm icuth border, under a wall or other fence, is the proper place to fow them in; The feed muft be fowft in drills, either lengthv/ays or acrofs the border, accord- ing to its breadth. Where the border is but narrow, and there are trees againl the wall, .^'C. let only orf mint, baum, tarragon, tanfey, chamomile, penny- royal, burnet and forrel; and all other beds of aromatic herbs. They are now to be -treated In the following manner. .Cut down all the decayed flower-Hems clofe tothe head ■of the plants, or to the furface of the ground, according to what the plants are, and at the fame time clear tho beds very well from weeds and litter, and carry the .whole off the ground. After this it would be a great advantage to get fome -VQi-y rotten dung, and let ii be broken fmall, then fpread a fprinkling of it equally over the furface of all the beds, and with a fmall fpadeor trowel dig li^jhtly between ftich of the plants as will admit of it, taking care to bury the dung as well as you can a little depth in the ground, and at the fame time dig the alleys, fpreading a little of the earth upon the beds, leaving the edges full. and ilrait. Thus the beds will appe.ir decent all the winter, and ■the plants will reap much advantage from fuch a dreK- ingi as will be {tQn in the fpring, when they begin to ihoot. But the beds of mint and pepper-minr, and fuch like creeping-rooted herbs, wi'i not well admit of digging; therefore let the ftalks, if any, be cut down clofe to the ground ; then clear the beds from weeds, and fpread a :little rotten dung, as faid above, over the beds. Then .dig the alleys, and flrew feme of the earth on the beds over the dung. This will protect the roots of the mint fomewhat from froll, and the rains will waili in the virtue of the dung, and the earth which was thrown^ out of the alley; and the whole will-greatly enrich ui'^ beds, and ilrengthen th«? 454 The Kitchen Garden. [061. the roots, and in the fpring the plants will rife with vi- gour. A Bed to raife young Mint in Winter » Where young mint is required in the winter feafon, preparations ihould now be made to raife fome. For that purpofe a flight hot-bed mull be made to- wards the end of the month* Make the bed for a fingJe- lighi box or frame ; this will be large enough for a mid- dling family, and make it about twenty inches or two feet thick of dung. Then fet on the frame, and cover the bed about three inchesdeep with earth ; get fome roots of mint, and lay them pretty clofe together upon the furface, and cover them with more earth about an inch thick, and give a moderate watering. Pat on the glafs, and obferve to raife it behind every day to admit air. The plants will come up and be fit for ufe in a fort- night, or thee weeks or a month, and afford a gathering of green young mint in great plenty, for a confiderable time. Planting and Slipping Herbs, Plant out early in this month any aromatic plants where wanted; fuch as thyme, hyfTop, fage, winter fa- vory and pot marjoram; choofing good rooted plants, and plant them in four feet v/ide beds, or in any warm borders in rows afoot afunder. May alfo divide and plant roots of mint, in drills fix inches afunder and an inch and a half deep. See March, &c. Likevvife may flip and plant baum, tanfey, tarragon, marjoram, burnet, forrel, penny-royal, chamomile, &c. preferving the flips of a tolerable fize, with gootroots to each, and plant them in rows a foot afunder. DrsJJing the A/par agus Beds, In the beginning, or fome time in this month, cut down the afparagus flalks, and drefs the beds. Let the llalks or haulm be cut down clofe to, or at leaft within two or three inches of the furface of the beds : carry them immediately off the ground; then with a fharp hoe, cut up all the weeds, and draw them off the beds into the alleys. This Od.] The Kitchen Garden. 455 This done, ftretch the line, and with a fpade mark cat thr rlieys about eighteen or twenty inches, or two 1 ct v/jcic, according to the width they were at firft made. Then dig the alleys one fpade deep, and fpread the e .rth, at leaft the greateil part of it, neatly over the befs; and, as you advance in digging, let the weeds, V. ;.lch vvere raked ofFjthe beds into the alleys, be digged into tne bottom of the trench, and cover them a proper depch with earth. In digging thefe alleys, obferve to do it in a neritmanner : that is, let an equal quantity of earih be laid over every bed, and make the edges of the beds full and flrait; the alleys fhould all be of an equal depth, and the i'urface left even and regular. But as old afparagus beds will need an augment of dung once in two or three years, and that when defigned to-aflift them therewith, this is the time todo it; but the manure or dung mufi be applied before the alleys arc digged or the beds landed up. The dung for that purpofe muft be very rotten, and alfo very good ; none is nacre proper than the dung of old cucumber or melon beds ; this mull be fpread over the beds when the haulm and weeds are cleared off; let the dung be well broken, and lay it an equal thicknefs in every part ; then dig the alleys as above direded, and fpread a due quantity of the earth of each alley over the dung. When the afparagus beds have thus had their winter dreiTmg, there may be planted in each alley a row of coleivorts, or cabbage plants; fet the plants fix or eight inches diftant in the row. in this fituation fuch plants will, even in fevere win- ters, fometimes furvive the froll ; v/hen thofe which are • planted in an open or level fpot are deitroyed. Or there may be planted in each alley a row of early- garden beans. Drejjtng the Jfparagus beds for Forcing. The afparagus which is intended for forcing, fhould alfo now have their ilalks cut down, and the weeds drawn off the beds into the alleys, as above, in the common afparagus beds ; then dig the alleys to bury the weeds ; and as you proceed, fpread a little of the earth alfo ov*r the beds. But 45^ The Kitchen Garden. [Od But that whkh is to be forced this winter, need no: have any thing more done than to cut dovj^n the haulm or fl;alks of the plants. DreJ/ing Seedling Afparagus. The feedling afparagus which was fown laft fpring, ihould alfo now have a little dreffing. That is, to clear the bed from weeds, and then fpread an inch or two in depth of dry rotten dung ovqr the bed, to defend the crowns of the plants from froli. Forcing Afparagus for Winter ufe. Where forced afparagus is r«quired forufe in winter, may now begin to make hot-beds for raifing the firft crop, for gathering in November and December ; and for the method, fee February and December. If a conftant fucceiTion is required, all winter, and fpring, a new hot bed, planted with frefh plants, mull be made every three or four weeks, from the beginning or middle of October, to the end of February or March; which will furniih a conftant fupply of afparagus from November till the arrival of the natural crops in the open ground j in April or May. Earth up Cekry, Celery fhould now be very duly earthed up according as it advances in height, 'in order that the plants may be well blanched a due length before (tver^ frofts attack them, . Therefore take advantage of dry days, and earth them up a due height. Let the earth be well broken, and lay it up to the plants, with care not to break the leaves or bury the hearts of them, landing them at this time con- liderably high, according to their growth. Earth up Cardoons. This muft be done in dry weather, and when the leaves of the plants are dry. - In earthing thefe plants, obferve, at each time, firfl to tye, with a hay-band, their leaves clofe together, gather- ing the leaves up regularly. Then let ihc earth be well broken, and lay it up equal- ly of a due thickneis, and confiderable height about every plant. See September. S?}iaU 0€b.] The Kitchen Garden. 457 Small Sail ad Herbs, Continue to fovv the feeds of fmall fallad herbs, par- ticularly muftard, crefles, radifh, and rape ; as alfo lap cabbage lettuce, to cut while young. Thefe feeds fliould now, towards the end of tliis month, for the more certainty of having a conflant flip- ply, be fown in frames, to' be defended occafionaliv with the glafles. For that purpofe, dig a bed of rich and very light earth in a warm lituation : let the bed be: made the breadth and length of one of the Ihallov/cfl garden frames, and it fliould front the fouth fun. Let the earth of this bed be broken very fine, and raife the back or north fide of it ten or twelve inches higher thrin the front, fo that it lies Hoping to the fouth fun; cheu rake the furface fraooth, iet on the frame, and fmk the back part of it about eight or ten inches, fo that the fur- face of the bed may be every where within eight or nine inches of the glaffcs. Then draw fiat fhallow drills from the back to the front of the frame, about two or three inches afunder ; fow the feeds therein pretty thick, and cover them with earth not more than a quarter of an inch deep, only juft cover the feed : or may fmooth the furface with the back of the fpade, fow the feed each fort feparate thickly all over the bed, then with the fpade fmooth it down lightly into the earth, and fift fine mould over it, only about half a quarter of an inch thick. The bed mull be ftieltered every night by putting on the glaffes, and alfo in the day time v/hen the weather is very cold or very wet. NotCy Small faliad will fometimes, when the feafon is mild, grow free enough all this and next month in the open air, efpecially on warm fouth borders ; however, where thefe herbs are conftantly wanted, it will, for the greater certainty of having a proper fupply, be advife- able to begin to fOw fome feed of each kind either in fraxnes or under bell or hand glafies. Soio Radijh Seed, You may now fow a little fliort top radilh feed. The plants raifed from this fowing will, provided the winter proves any thing mild, be ready to draw fome probably X towards 458 . The Kitchen Garden. [Od« towards chriftmas, or after, and fome very early in the ipring ; and if they fhould f^iil, the value of a little feed is not much ; it is foon fown and Ts well worth the trial. But this feed muil now be fown on a warm border, and the proper time to fow it is fome in the beginning, and more about the middle or towards the latter end of the month. Let it be fown pretty thick, and rake it ia with care. So-M Carrot Seed, A little carrot feed may alfo be fown in the iirfl and lait week in the month on a warm border ; from this fowing there will be a chance of having a i^w young car- rots very -early next fpring, provided the frolt in winter is not very fevere. Though as there is but little dependence on th:*s crop fhould only fow a Imall fpot for a trial. " Dig up C arrets y Par/nips y &'c,- In the latter end of this month begin to dig up the full grown carrots and parfneps, red beet, Sec, and fuch other carrot fhaped efculent root?, to preferve them in fand, to be at ail times ready for winter fervice. See November. Dig up Patatoes. About the middle or towards the end of this month begin to dig up the general crops of potatoes to houfe for winter ufe, for the roots will be now arrived to full maturity and ibould be taken up as foon as poffible. See that work in November Dung and trench Ground Such fpaces of kitchen-garden ground which are now vacant, fhould, where intended, be dunged, and alfo digged or trenched, that it may Jiave the true ad- vantage of fallow from the fun and air in the winter fea- fon. But in digging thofe pieces of ground which are to lie in fallow till the fpring, it fhould be laid up in rough fidges; for, by laying the ground in this form, it not only lies much drier, but alfo the froft, fun and air, ca.* come more freely to mellow and enrich it, than if it laid level ^ Od.] The Fruit Garden. 459 level : and hi the Tpring, when you want to Tow or plant it, the ridges are foon levelled down. The method of ridging or trenching ground is this : Let the trenches be marked out two feet and a half wide, and beginning at one end of the piece, open a trench the above width, and one fpade and a fliovelling deep : let the earth of this trench be carried to the other ■end, or to that part where you intend to finifh or fill up the laft trench. The firil trench being thus Opened, then proceed to mark out another ; pare off and throw the top of it, with ^11 v;'eeds and rubbilh thereon, into the bottom of the {irfl ; then dig this fecond trench, turning the earth into the open trench, throvv^ing it up ridge wife, as above- mentioned ; and when you have dug to the end of the trench, fliOA'el up the crumbs or loofe earth at bottom, throwing it up upon the other ; or double dig it, that is, Vv'Tthout fliovelling tip the crumbs, dig the trench an- other fpade deep, if the depth of gcod foil admits, call- ing the earth upon that of the firll fpit;" then proceed to a tliird trench, and pare and dig it as before j and fo proceed with every trench to the end. Such compartments of ground as are occafionally to be dunged, fhould previoufly have the dung fpread evenly over the furface, and then fliould be equally buried in the bottom of each trench as you advance in the digging. The Fruit Garden. Gathering Winter Pears and Jpples, ■'I'S'^INTER pears and apples fliould in general be \'V gathered this month. Some will be ft to take down the beginning of the month, others will not be ready before the middle, or towards the latter end. To know when the fruits have had their full growth, you fliould try feveral of them in different parts of the tree, by turning them gently upward; if they quit the tree eafily it is time to gather them. But none of the more delicate eating pears fliould be permitted to hang longer on the trees than the middle of this month, efpecially if the nights are inclinable to X 2 froit; 460 The FruitGarden. Od,] froft; for if they are once touched with the froft, it will eccafion many of them to rot before they are fit for the table, even if ever fo good care is afterwards taken of them. But fuffer neither apples nor pears to remain longeron the trees than the latter end of this month, for they will get no good after that time. Obferve, that for all the principal keeping fruits, a dry day mud be chofen for this work, and alfo let the trees and fruit be quite dry before you begin to gather ; about eleven or twelve o'clock is the bell time in the day to begin, and may be continued till three or four in the afternoon ; obferving likewife that the capital fruits de- figned for long keeping ihould all be carefully pulled one by one and put into a bafket, taking care to lay them in gently, that they may not bruife one another. According as the fruit are gathered, let them be car- ried into the fruitery, or any other dry place, and lay them carefully in heaps, each fort by themfelves. Thus let them lie together about a fortnight tofweat ; this will make them keep better, and alfo render their flavour much finer, than if they were laid up for good as foon as they are gathered. When they have laid that time, let all the choice keep- ing fruit be then carefully wiped one by one with cloths, and lay them up where they are to remain. Some of the finell eating pears and apples, you may pack up inbafkets or boxes, obferving to put fome clean wheat-draw at bottom, and alfo round the fides of the baficet^ or boxes ; and, when they are filled, lay fome draw at top, and then cover the whole with dry draw, a confiderable thicknefs, to exclude the damps and free air; for this is of confiderable advantage in promoting their found keeping. The more inferior or common kinds, for general fup- ply, may be laid on the fheives and floor of the fruitery; fir'd laying fome clean draw, then lay the fruit upon this, obferving, if there is plenty of room, let ihern be laid only one, two or three layers thick, otherwifc may lay them in feveral layers one upon another; covering the whole with dry, clean draw, a foot thick at lead, to ex- clude the damp air, frod, &c. whereby the fruit will keep much better than if they remained open or un- covered ; 061.] The Fruit Garden, 461 covered ; as the damps and air, when fully admitted, hafteii the decay of the fruit. Pruning and Nailing. About the end of this month you may begin to prune peaches and nedarines, if their leaves are dropped; and you may alfo prune and nail apricots. Before you begin to prune, it will be proper to un-nail the greateit part of the fmaller branches ; then you can more readily ufe your knife, and aifo can conveniently examine thefhoots, to fee which are fit for yourpurpofe, and which are not. In pruning thefe trees, obferve to leave, in every part, a due fupply of the laft fummer fhoots at moderate dif- tances; that is, about fix inches afunder, and in fuch regular order as- they may feem to rife one after another, quite from the bottom, as v.'e have obferved in former occafions, in order that every part of the wall from the bottom to the extremity every way of the tree may be regularly furnilhed with them ; for thefe bear the fruit next year, and at the fame time a propcrtionable lliare of the two former years' bearers and naked old wood muil be retrenched, to make room to train the young fupply; for as thefe trees always produce their fruit upon the fhoots of the lail fummer's growth; that is, upon one year's old fhoots, and on no other ; the pruner vvill by this know what he is to cut out, and what to leave, both in the young and old wood. See the rules fully explained in January. But, in the courfe of pruning thefe trees, obferve to cut out all old wood, accordingas it becomes ufelefs ; that is, fuch branches as advance a great way, and are not pro- perly furnifhed with young wood. See January. In the next place, obferve, the young flioots mull not be crowded, or left too clofe together ; therefore exa- mine with good attention, and when the fhoots fland too thick, let fome be accordingly cut out. Cut them clofe ; but, in doing this, be careful to leave the moflpromifing and beft placed fhoots, for the purpofe of bearing, at due and regular dillances from one another, generally about five or fix inches afunder. The next thing to be obferved is, that all thefe re- tained fhoots muft now, for the general part, be more or lefs fhortened ; and this is done principally to encou- X 3 - rage 4^2 The Fruit Garden. 0£l ] rage them to produce next funimer, as well as fruit, a due fupply alio of bearing fhoots, to bear fruit another year. ^ For by iliortening thefe fhoots in the winter pruning, it makes them more ceriainly produce next fummer a fuccefiional fupply of new ilioots in proper places ; and the fhoots which are then produced, bear the' fruit to be ex- pedled the year after that. But in fhortening the flioots, mind to let every one be Shortened according to its growth and original length ; for inftance, a (hoot of about a foot long, may be pruned from about fix or feven to eight or nine inches, accord- ing to its ftrength ; one of fifteen or fixteen inches, to about ten ; and a (hoot of eighteen or twenty inches long, may be cut to about twelve or fourteen; and fo in proportion to the length and ftrength of the different ihoots, leaving the ftrong fhoots the longeft. The general rule of fliortening thefe trees is, to cutpfF from about one half to one third or fourth, or there- abouts, of the original length of the fhoots, according to their ftrength; being careful, however, not to prune below all the bloffom buds, except where you prune principally for wood : the weak Ihoots is to be pruned fhorteft, and the ftrong left longer in proportion. But fuch peach, nedarine, and apricot trees as produce ftrong and vigorous fhoots, muft be treated accordingly; the ihoots of fuch trees muft be left fomcwhat clofer than the diftance above pre/cribed, aed muft alfo be fhortened lefs in proportion. The rule to be obfcrvedin thefe, is, leave the fhoots four or five inches afunder, and, on fhort- ening them, cut oft' no more than about one fourth of their original length ; but indeed fome of the moft vi- gorous fhoots fhould be fhortened but very little, and ibme not at all. This is the only method of pruning to bring a vigo- rous fhooting tree to a good order, fo as to produce rno- derate fhoots, fuch as will bear fruit. For the more wood you cut out of a vigorous tree, and the more the fhoots are fhortened, the more vigorous will the tree fhoot. By what is above hinted, the pruner will not be at a lofs to know in what manner peach, nedarine, and apri- cot trees are, according to their different growths, to be treated in the ai-ticle of pruning; and the rule here men- tioned Od.] T H E F R u I T Garden. 463 tioned is to be obferved at all times in the winter pru- ning. Note, obferve that where any of the fhoots which are left to bear, have produced any fmali fhoots from their fides, they mul^ be cut off; cut them clofe to the prin- cipal flioot, for thefe would neither produce good fi-uit nor good wood. Another thing is proper to be obferved in pruning thefe trees, and that is, in fnortening the flioots, to mind, if poffible., to cut them off at a leaf or wood-bad ; dilHnguiiliable from the bloffom-buds by being long and flat, the others being round and fwelling; or otherwife prune to a twin blofTom-bud, meaning where two blof- fom-buds arife at the fame eye, having a wood-bud be- tween theni ; either of which rules being neceifary to be obferved in fhortening, .in order that each may produce a leading (hcot next fummer, forming a leader to the-, main fooots: for where there is a fair leading fiioot pro- duced at or near the extremity of a bearing (hoot or branch, fuch a branch feldom fails to yield fair and well tailed fruif, Jt will a:fo be proper to remark one thing more in pruning thefe trees, particularly the apricot. In this tree we of^en fee on the two-year old branches feme fhort fhoots, or natural fpurs, about an inch or two in length ; and on each of the faid fpurs, there are frequently to be feen feveral bloffom-buds. Now fome people cut thefe fpurs entirely off; but I declare againft thatpradice, for fome of thefe fkort natural fpurs will produce handfome fruit, both in apricots, peaches, and nedlarines. But, on the other hand, it will be proper to leave only fuch of thefe fpurs as are well placed, and promife by the bloffom-buds to bear fruit; and fuch as are naked,' and alfo fuch as advance confiderably in a foreright di- re<5tion, fhould be removed. For fome more general particulars in pruning thefe fort of trees, fee the work of January and February. When you have iiniflied pruning any one of the above, trees, let that be immediately nailed to the wall in a proper m.anner, before you begin to prune another; for " it is much the bell method to nail every tree according as you advance in the pruning. But fome dired to leave thefe trees unnailed till the beginning of March; but this pradlice I would be far fr.om recommending, for it not only looks ill to fee the X. 4.. fhoots 4^4 The Fruit Garden. [0(^. ihoots hang dangling from the wall, but the frofl has alfo more power to affed the tender fhoots, and the long vi- gorous flioots are liable to be broken by the winds; and, lailly, by leaving the trees nn-nailed till March, the blofTom-buds will be then fo much fwelled, that many of them would be unavoidably difplaced by nail- ing up the fhoots. Therefore, to repeat the caution, let every tree, ac- cording as it is pruned, be nailed. In nailing them great exadnefs fhould" be obferved; the branches mull be no where laid in acrofs one an- other, but let^every branch be laid in clear of another^ and at about four, five, or fix inches diftance, according to the condition of the tree, and let every Ihoot or branch be laid perfeftly ftrait and clofe to the wall, in theneat- ti manner. For the purpofe of pruning and nailing wall- trees in an expeditious and neat manner, you ihould be provided with a perfeft (harp knife, rather lefs than the middle iize : and fuch as is narrow, and but very moderately hooked cr connng at the point ; alfo a larger knife, and X. fmail hand-favv, for the more readily cutting off old or large dead branches, and alfo a chiflel, Thefe are the proper too.ls to be ufed in pruning ; that for the purpofe of nailing, (hould be a very handy light hammer, with a perfect flat face, fcarcely an inch broad; and there muft be procured a quantity of the- proper garden wall-nails, which is a fort made particu- larly fci that purpofe, and may be bought at molt iron- mongers Ihops. The next requilite i3 a quantity of cloth lifting or fhred?, and thefe Ihould be neatly cut into proper lengths and regular breadths; about half or. three quar- ters of an inch is the proper breadth, but let none ex- ceed an inch, for too broad ihreds has a cl unify look, particularly on the fmaller branches. Where neat nailing is obferved, every flired Ihould be cut with even or fquare ends, and not too long, for it looks flovenly to fee long dangling ends hang down. Pruning Plums , Cherries, Pears, and Apples, " Plums, cherries, pears, and apple-trees, upon walls and efpaliers, may .alfo be pruned in the latter end of this month. The Odi.] The Fruit Garden, 4^5 The method of pruning thefe trees, may be feen In the" work of the fruit garden next month, where it is fully inferted according to fuccefsful pradice. Tr an/plant Fruit Trees. Towards the latter end of this month you may fafely tranfplant moft forts of fruit-trees. Where a new plantation is to be made either for the wall or efpalier, -the borders fhould be trenched two fpadesdeep: fome very rotten dung fliould be worked in at the fame time; and if the border is not naturally of a loamy foil, or is of a light poor quality, fome frefh loam from a common or field, &c. would prove very be- neficial, if worked and mixed with the earth of the bor- der, together with the rotten dung. But if a fufficient quantity of loam cannot be conve- niently obtained for the whole border, let, if poffible, two "or three barrows full, together with fome very rotten dung, be laid in the place where the tree is to fland : this will promote the growth of the tree greatly at firll felting off; which is of much importance : for -moft fruit- trees delight in a moderate loamy ground, but this can- not be had in all places. In making new plantations of fruit-trees, either for the wall or efpalier, you fliould cbferve to plant them at proper diflances, that you may have room to train them in a proper poiition for many years to come, without in- terfering much with each other, as is often the cafe in garde;is where the trees have been planted too clofe ; (o that the trees meet and confufe one another, though fometimes they have not been planted above fix or feven years . This is a great error, and fhould be thought of when you are about to plant the trees. The diflance which fhould be allowed to peaches, nedarines and apricots, is at leaft fifteen or fixteen feet from tree to tree ; though eighteen or twenty will not be too much, yet the former diftance will do very well. Plums and cherries fhculd be allowed the fame room to run, though plums will require rather more room than cherries. Pear and apple-trees, for efpaliers, fhould be planted eighteen or twenty feet afunder at leafl: fome allow thefe trees tv/enty-five feetdiftance, but efpeciaily pears, X 5 and 466 The Fruit Garden. [Ocl. and it is not too much, though it appears a great dif- tancc when the trees are firft planted. But with regard to the planting thefe trees in efpa- liers, that is, the apple and pears, it fnould be obferved, that the former, if grafted on paradife or codling flocks, need not be planted more than fifteen or eighteen feet apart ; and pears on quince Hocks eighteen or twenty. Standard trees, either apples or pears, fhould be plant- ed at Icaft twenty-five or thirty feet diftance in the row, and the rows not lefs than forty feet afunder; and plums and cherries not lefs than twenty-iive feet in the lines^ and forty between the lines. Plant Goo/eherry and Currant I'rees. Plant goofeberry and currant-trees where wanted. This may"^be done about the middle, or towards the lat- ter end of the month. Where it is intended to plant thefe ihrubs in a full plantation by themfelves, mind to allow* them proper room. Let them be planted in rows eight or ten feet diftant, and allow at leaft fix feet between plant and plant in the row. At this diftmceyou have room to dig and hoe between the trees, and alfo to pTune them, and gather the fruit ; and at this diftance the berries will grow large, and will ripen freely ; and there will alfo be room to plant or fow many forts of kitchen plants between them. But if you intend to plant thefe fhrubs in fingle rows round the quarters of the kitchen garden (as is commonly praftifed) you Ihould plant them full feven or eight feet diftant from each other. Alfo if they are to be planted to divide the kitchen- ground into wide compartments of thirty or forty feet Vv'idth, or more, fhould fet them about eight or ten feet diftance in the row, Pruning Goofeherries and Currants. Prune gcofeberries and currants about the end of this month, and the ground about them may be dug, which will render the whole decent for the winter feafon, and will be of great fervice to the trees. Jn pruning thefe fhrubs it will be neceffary to obferve that their branches ihould be kept thin, and at regular dillances. The G(5l,] The Fruit Garden. 4^7 The heart of the trees fhould be kept open and clear of wood, To as to admit the fun and air in fummer to the fruity and the branches no where fufFered to crofs one another; all fuckers from the root lliould be taken away, and every tree trained with a fingle fcem to the height of twelve or fifteen inches from the ground. In thefe trees numbers of young fhoots are produced every fummer, many of which (hould now be cut out; but, in doing this, occafionally leave here and there one or more of the befl placed and moft regular grown of the faid flioots tov/ards the lower part of the trees, but particularly in places where there is a vacancy; or for a iucceffion of young bearing wood, to fupply the places of fuch branches as are grown too long, or Ilraggling, and fuch that are worn out, or become pall bearing good- fruit; which fhould be either entirely removed or cut * Ihorter, as you fhall fee it neceffary, in order to make proper room for fuch young (hoots and branches as are of proper growth, and promife to produce the befl fruit. By this method of occafionally leaving fome young flioots, and taking out fome of the worn-out old wood, the trees with fuch management may always be kept,, even when old, well furnilhed with fuch young branches as v/ill produce every fummer abundantly both of large and weli-flavoured fruit. Therefore care muit be taken to leave everv year, in vacant places in each tree, a due fupply of proper, well-placed young fnoots ; and all fuch Ihoots as are not wanted muit be cut clofe to the branches : but obfcrv^e that in every part where a principal branch is wanted, you fnould, in that cafe, leave a flrong jfhoot towards" the lower part of the tree, to come up to- fdl the va- cancy. The ihoots and branches in general fhould Hand af their extremities eight or- nine inches dilknt from, one another. And next obferve, that as almofl every branch of thefe trees will have produced three, four, or 'more of the £zld' young fhoots laft fummer, that is, one at the end, and. the reft placed one under another lower en the branch j novv you are to obferve, that ..except in vacancies, it is^ 'Ot neceffary that there be more thaa one cr tv/o, X6. Of- 468 The Fruit Garden; 061:» ef thefe young Ihoots left on each of the general branch^ es ; one of which muft be left fo as to terminate and be a leader for the branch, and the others only left below in vacancies; or if not wanted, cut quite out* Therefore mind always, in particular, in pruning, to let every oranch, whether ihort or long, have, if poffible, a laft fummer's fhoot for its leader ; and this fhould be obferved both in fuch branches as are advanced long and draggling, fo as to require fliortening, as well as thofe that are not to be flicrtened ; for when a branch is to be Ihortened, it Ihould, if polTible, be pruned in fuch a manner, that the iame branch may Hill terminate in a yoang fhoot. For inilaiice, fuppofe a branch having two, three, or mere yoang llioots on i^,. and that the faid braneh be too long, obferve, in fuch a cafe, to cut it oiFdofe, if pof- fible, to a lail fummer's (he ot; or, otherwife, to fome convenient branch that have fuch a ihoot for its leader;, which ilioot or bras<:h mull be left to fupply the place of the part cut away. But if the branch do not want Ihorteningy and there be a young ftioot at its end, leave the faid fhoot, cutting off all other on that branch, except any is wanted to fupply a vacancy. Bvit all very old and ufelefs branches fhould always be cat ofl'clofe to the place from whence they proceed, and ihe trees fhould every way be kept within due bounds, and in fomewhat regular form ; which is always to be ef- fected by leaving young, and cutting out old and ftrag- gling branches, and fhortening others as you ihall fee it ccLVcn'ent. Let it alfo be obferved In pruning thefe fhrubs, that the lafl fummer's fhoots, which are now left, fhould be- but very little ihortened, particular the goofeberries^ Seme cut the Incots very fhoit, but that is wrong, for it makes them flicot too vigorously, and fills the trees next fummer with numberlefs ufelefs fhoots, to the great pre- judice of the fruit- To avoid this, let the fhoots be always fhortened with difcretion : never cut more off an ordinary fhoot than about one third of its length, and about one fourth of a vigorous fhoot. But this fhcrtening of the young (hoots fhould not be general, butpraftifed occafionaily ; that is, for inllance, - if Od:.'] The Fruit Garhen* 46g if the (hoot advance much beyond the reft, or if it turns its end down to the ground, as goofeberries often do, then in fuch cafes they Ihould be Ihortened. Propagate Goofeberries and Currant Trees. Plant cuttings of goofeberries and currants: this is aa expeditious and plenteous method of propagating thefe fhrubs. In choofing the cuttings, let it be obferved they mufl be ihoots of the laft fummer'sproduftion. Let them be taken from healthy trees, and fuch as are remarkable, according to their kinds, for bearing the iineft fruit: having procured fuch cuttings, let each be fhortened from about ten to twelve, or fifteen to eighteen inches long, according to its llrength, and plant them in a (hady border. Let them be planted in rows crofsways the border, al- lowing ten or twelve inches between row and row, and put every cutting near halfway into the earth. Thefe Ihrubs may alfo be propagated by fuckers from the root ; which may now be taken up with roots, and planted; the ftrongeft at once where they are to remain, and the reft in nurfery-rows, for a year or two, &c. — But fome object to fuckers, contending that they never produce fuch large fruit as thofe raifed by cuttings, and are apt to run very much to wood ; though there is na very material difference. However, good cuttings may be preferred, and treat them as above ; they will be well rooted in one year, and the third will bear fruit, DreJJing the Stranvherry Beds. The ftrawberry beds ftiould, fome time in this month,, have their winter drefling. Choofe a dry day to do this work, and the method i& this : let all the runners or ftrings be cleared away clofe to the head of the plants ; then let the beds be tho- roughly cleared from weeds, and let all the rubbiih be^ carried off the ground. Then if there be room between the plants, let the earth in every bed be loofened to a little depth with a fmall fpade or with a hoe; but take care not to difturb the roots : then fet the line, and mark out the alleys their due width : this being done, let the alleys be im- mediately 470 The Fruit Garden. [Od. mediately dug ; and, in digging, let fome of the earth be fpread with care over the beds, obferving to lay it neatly between and clofe about every plant. This drefling will be of vafl fervice to thefe plants, and it ihould never at this feafon be omitted. In drefiing thefe plants, let it be obferved that the plants ihould never be permitted to fpread over the whole furface of the bed, but Ihould be kept as it were in fingle- or dillindl bunches or heads. Planting Strang iern'es» New plantations of flrawberries may now be made where wanted, and this may be done any time in the month, but the fooner the better. Thefe plants thrive furprifingly in a loamy foil, but fuch a foil is not natural in all places : however, choofe a well lying fpot of the beft ground, and lay thereon fome of the beft rotten dung; then let the piece be neat- ly dug, and the dung be buried in a proper manner. Then lay the ground out in beds four feet broad, and allow eighteen inches or two feet for an alley between bed and bed; rake the furface fmooth, and then put in the plants. The plants fhould be fuch as were produced laft fum- mer. Choofe a parcel of the ftrongeft, and take them up with good roots; trim off all firings or runners, and clear away decayed leaves; trim the roots, and then plant them : let four rows be planted lengthways in each bed, allowing fifteen or eighteen inches between row and row, and fet the plants the fame diflance from one another in the rows. Clofe the earth well about every plant, and direftly give each a little water. For the account of the forts, fee lafl month. Pruning Rafpherry Plant Si Prune Rafpberries. In doing this let it be obferved, that all the old wood that produced the fruit lafl funi- mer muft now be cut out, for thefe never bear but once; therefore a lupply of young wood mufl now be left to bear next year: obferve, therefore, to leave feveral of the flrongeft of the laft fummer^s fhoots flanding upon every root, to bear the fruit to be e.\pe(Sled next year ; thefe Oct.]., The i- r u i t Garde k. 471 thefe being the only proper bearing wood, they muft be allowed room ; therefore, as above hinted, let all the old wood be cut clofe to the groun-d : and feleding from three to five or fix of the beft young fhoots on each root or ilool, let all the rell above that number be cut away clofe to the furface of the earth; and at the fame time let all llraggling fhoots between the rows be deftroyed. Each of the fhoots which are left to bear mull be fliortened : the rule in fhortening thefe is, to take off one fourth, or one third, or thereabouts, of the original length of each fhoot, according to the different growths. When the plants are pruned, clear away the cuttings, and then dig the ground. In digging, obferve to take up and clear away all flrag- gling roots between the rows, and alfo all fuch as do not belong to the Handing plants. This digging will firengthen the roots, and the ground will lie clean and. neat all winter^ Plant Rafp berries This is a good feafon to plant rafpberrles, when a new plantation is wanted. Obferve, it is the young fnoots or fuckers which arife- every fummer from the old roots, that are the properr plants for the propagation of them, and for a frefh plan- tation. Thefe fhrubs fhould be planted in an open fituatlon^ and where the ground is good; and if you dig in fome very rotten dung, it will be an advantage to the plants. In choofing the plants for ^this plantation, obferve to take fuch as are well furnilh(^d with roots, for that is a principle article in rafpberry plants; and if there be one, two, or more buds formed on the root for next fummer ihoots, fuch plants are particularly to be chofen. Having procured the plants, ihorten the fhoots a lit- tle, and leave only one ftrong fhoot on each root; let the ends of the roots alfo be trimmed ; then put in the plants in rows four or five feet diftant, and let them be planted a yard diflant from one another in the row. Propagate Fruit Trees by Layers. By layers of the young fhoots, may propagate vines, mulberries, figs, filberts, &c. laying them four or five inches deep in the earth, with the tops out, and they will be ail well rooted by this time twelvemonth. Prepa" 472 The Pleasure, or [Oft, Propagate by Suckers, Propagate goofeberries, currants, berberries, codlins» filberts, figs, &c. by fuckers from the root; digging them with roots to each, and plant fome of the largetl at once where they are to remain, and the reft in nur- fery rows for training. The Pleasure, or Flower Garden. Auricula Plants, T.HE auricula plants in pots muft be now removed to a place well calculated to defend them from wet and alfo from froft. The pots may now be laid down on one fide, with the tops toward the fun, to proteA the plants better from too much moifture, which, though but a fimple expe- dient, is better than to leave them upright to receive the rain, &c. all winter. However, the pots may eafily be moved under fome place of occafional flielter, juil: to have protedlion from cxceffive rains, fnow, &c. and for which purpofe, the pots may now be plunged or fet clofe together wi:hin a garden frame; and when the weather is bad, the glaiTes may be put on, or the pots may be placed together near a warm wall, and place fome hoops over them; when the weather is very wet or froily, draw fome mats over the hoops. Let all the dead leaves be taken off the plants, and loofen the earth on the furface of the pots a little. Carnation Layers, Carnation layers, which were in Auguft, or the lai! month, planted in fmal! pots, Ihould in the laft week in this month, be placed where they can be readily de- fended in bad weather ; for that purpofe, the pots may at that time be placed in a common garden frame. Let the pots be fet clofe together, and if the earth be light and "dry, it will be proper to plunge the pots in it to their rims, to proted ths roots better from froft. There oa.] Flower-Garde N. 473 There let the pots remain all winter ; obferving at all times, when the weather is very wet, or in fevcre frolls, that the plants are to be covered with the glalTes, and other covering, when the weather is exceffive fevere : but when the weather is dry and mild, let the plants at fuch times have the advantage of the open air. But where there is not the convenience of a frame^ the pots maybe plunged in a raifed bed of dry compoft, and the be^s arched over with hoops ; and, in bad wea- ther, let fome thick mats, or canvas, be drawn over the hoops. DreJ's the Borders and Clumps of Flo^wertng Shrubs^ i^c. The borders and clumps of plants in this garden fhould now be thoroughly well cleared from weeds; and alfo, at this time, let ail the dead llalks of flowering plants be cut down clofe, and clear away dead leaves, and all manner of rubbilh. 'J his is now a proper time to begin to dig the borders and clumps in this garden, which is not only the moft eiFeduai method to dellroy the weeds ; but the ground will then be ready to receive plants of any fort, and it will appear frefh and neat during the winter feafon. Tran/planting fhrous-rooted Jlonuering Plants, Now tranfplant into the borders or places where wanted, all forts of fibrous-rooted perennial plants. Thefe' forts of plants will now take root freely, and in a ihort time. The forts proper to plant now are rofe-campions and fweet-williams, campanulas and catchfly ; and you may alfo plant rockets, bachelor's buttons, double feverfew,, fcarlet lychnis and lychnideas, and many other forts. The above plants grow nearly of a height, and are very proper to be planted near the middle of the border; they each have an agreeable appearance in their proper- time of flowering, but efpecially the double kinds.. Some of the double wall-flowers, and Hock July flow- ers, double fcarlet lychnis, double fweet-williams, dou-- ble rockets, double rofe-campion, and the- like, fhould be planted in pots, and removed to fome place where the plants can be ftieltered in fevere weather. Thefe flowers defer ve particular care.. Now 474 ThePleasure, or [Odt. Now alio Hip and plant polyantliufes where wanted; alfo double dai/es, double chamomile, violets, London- pride^ thrift, hepaticas, gentianella, faxafrage, and other low-growing fibrous-rooted plants. Thefe plants ihould be fet about a foot, or fifteen inches, from the edge of the border ; for they are but of a low growth. This is alio a good time to plant columbines, monk's- hood, Canterbury bells, fox .gloves, tree-primrofe, Greek valerian, fcabioufes, and fuch like kinds. Thefe flowers generally grow from two to four feet high, or thereabouts, and fnould be planted in the mid- dle and towards the back of the borders or beds. Tranf])lant alfo v/all-nc\vers and ftock July flowe'rs, into the borders : and this is alio a proper time to plant carnations and pinks, both fecdlings and layers : and all other fbrous-rooted perennial ptants fnould now be brought in and planted in the borders or places where wanted. This is a good feafon to plant golden rod, Michaelmas daifies, everlaliing fun-Bowers, French honeyfuckles, and hollyhocks. The laft meniioncd plants grow very tall and are £t- ter to be planted in the clumps among ficwcringfhrubf, than in narrow borders : but if they are to be planted in borders, let them be placed iifteer) or twenty feet diftant from each other; and they ihould be planted towards the back of the border. Partifig the Roots, ami propagating to eight, ten, ox twelve feet diftant. 06:,] Flower-Garde N. 477 Now is likewife the proper time to plant crocufes and fno\v-drop roots which were taken out of the ground in fummer. Thefe roots may be planted about fix inches from the edge of the border or bed next the walks ; and if they are to be planted in one continued row, the roots fhould be fet about fix inches apart. But thefe flowers make the bell appearance when the roots are planted in fmall patches. The method is this : in a fmall circle, about five or fix inches over, plant four or five roots, one in the middle, and three or four round the edge : two feet far- ther make another circle, and plant it ; and fo on to the end. Thefe fmall roots fhould not be planted above two inches, or at mofl, three inches deep. Plant narciflufes and jonquils; and this is alfo a pro- per time to put in the roots of bulbous and Perfian irifes, frit till arias, and all other fuch liktt bulbous roots as were taken up when their leaves decayed in fummer. Where the above roots are intended to be planted fe- parately in beds, let them be fet in rows eight or nine inches afunder ; and fet the roots the fame diHance from one another in the row. But, when they are to be planted in the common bor- ders, it is the bell way to plant three, four, or five roots together in a fmall circle, and allow, atleafl, three feet between every fuch circle or clump. Likewife plant crown imperial roots, and the roots of martagons and orange lilies, that were taken up when the leaves decayed in fummer ; and where white lily, or any other bulbous lily-roots have been removed fmce their bloom, and are now above ground, let them be planted in the proper places fome time in this month. Thefe bulbs fhould be planted towards the middle or back part of the common flower borders, they being of tall growth; not planted in a continued row, but fome towards the middle, others more backward in the bor- ders, intermixing the different forts properly, at one, two, or three yards dillance, and planted four or five inches deep. Prune Floivering Shrubs^ ifc. Prune rofes and honeyfuckles ; and this is alfo a pro- per time to prune all other forts of flowering fhrubs and evergreens. Let 47^ The Pleasure, or [Ocl. Let this pruning be performed with a fharp knife, and not with Ihears, as F have frequently feen praftifed. In pruning thefe fnrubs, obferve to cut out all the very long rambling, luxuriant flioots of the laft fummer's growth, which are often produced on many forts of flow- ering flirubo, and ramble confiderably out of bounds, pruning them either clofe to the place from whence they proceed, or Ihortened. Where any branch advances in a ftraggling manner from the reft, let that be cut Ihorter; obferving, if pof- fible, to prune it clofe to a young jhoot, leaving that ihoot for a leader to the branch. Where branches of different fhrubs interfere with each other, let fuch be cut away, or fhortened, as you fliall fee it neccffary, fo that every fhrub may ftand clear of the other.. W^here any of the branches or fhoots advance too ne. the gronnd, let them be cut clofe to the ftem, cr to the place where it proceeds from. All fuckers which rife from the roots fiiould be taken clean away ; and let every Ihrub be kept to a fmgle ftem. When you hav^e iinlflied the pruning, let the cuttings be cleared away : then let the ground between fuch Ihrubs as ftand wide be well dug one {j^ade deep; ob- ferving as you proceed with the digging, to cut off all the ftraggling roots, and to take up all fuckers. PlaJit hardy deciduous fio'^joering Shrubs and orna77iental Trees, Now is the time to begin to plant, in places where wanted, all forts of hardy flowering flirubs; fuch as rofes, gelder-rofes, lilacs, and honeyfuckles. Plant alfo where wanted, laburnums, fyringas, althaea frutex, jafmines, privets, double bramble, flowering raip- berry, the double- bloflx)m cherry, bladder-fena, fcorpion- fena, fpira;as, and Hypericum frutex; it is now alfo a proper time to plant the double-flowering peach, al- monds, and mezereons. The cornelian cherry, double hawthorn, and fcarlct horfe-chefnuts, may alfo be planted any time in this month; the flirub cinquefoil, fumach, rock-rofe, cyti- fufes, acacia, and all other hardy ftirubs, may now be removed. See the catalogue. Ill oa.] Flower Garden. 479 In planting the diiFerent forts of flowering fhrubs, ob- •/crve to plant them at fuch diftances, that each plant, according to its growth, may have full room to grow, and to ihew themfelves to advantage. When it is intended to be planted in clumps, or quar- ters, let the plants in general be fet at leafl iive or fix feet diflant from one another; and fuch plants as are of an humble growth^ fhould not be planted promifcuoufly Among tall grov/ing plants; for was that to be praftifed, the low plants would be loll to view. Let this, therefore^ be well obferved at the time when the fhrubs are to be planted, and let the low-growing plants be fet towards the front, or outfide of the clump ; and the taller the plant, the more backward in the clump it Ihould be planted. The (hrubs fhould alfo be dif- pofed in fuch regular order, that every plant can be re- gularly viev/ed v/ith diftinftion from the walks. This is the method of order that fliould be praflifed In planting and decorating the clumps or quarters of the Jhrubbery; llrait lines are not to be regarded, but rather to be avoided ; but fome regularity mull, notwithftand- ing, be obferved, both with regard to the diftance and advantageous difpofition of the difterent forts of plants, for that is of great importance. In fmall gardens it is cuftomary to plant rofes, honey- fuckles, fpira^as, althaea frutex, fyringas, and other fuch like ilirubs, in the flower-borders near the walks; but the Ihrubs are generally planted a great deal tooclofe in fuch places, and alfo permitted to run fometimes into fuch diforder, both at top and bottom, as not only to flarve, darken, and hide the bulbous, tuberous, and fibrous- rooted flowering p'ants in the border, but it alfo looks ill to fee fuch deformed and rude grown plants. Therefore, where you intend to plant any kinds of fiirubs in fuch borders, let them be fet at leaft twelve or fifteen feet dillant from one another ; and for that pur- ppfe you fliould always choofe llrait Hemmed, and regu- lar grown plants. The plants fliould be kept conllantly trained up with iingle Items, and their heads fliouId be pruned every year with a knife, and always kept fom.ewhat regular and within due bounds, and all fuckers from the roots mull fee conftantly taken up. Planting 480 The Pleasure, er [Od. Planting Enjer green Trees and Shrubs. Evergreen ihrubs or trees of moft forts may alfo now be brought in, and planted in the clumps, or other parts of thc'garden where wanted. Thefe forts may be removed any time in this month, and the fooner the better, for moft forts will fucceed well. But, in particular, the ftrawberry-tree or arbutus, lau- rel, Portugal laurel, lauriftinus, pyracantha, phillyreas, alaternus, bays, ciftufes, evergreen-oaks, hollies, and magnolias. In planting thefe and all other evergreen trees or fhrubs, let the fame rule be obferved as mentioned above in plant- ing the different forts of flowering fhrubs. That is, where thefe plants are to be planted in clumps, or any continued plantation, let them be fet at leaft five feet everyway afunder, and let no confideration induce you to plant them clofer; and fome of the larger growing forts fhould be allowed a greater diftance ; for it is of much importance to allow thefe fhrubs a proper diftance; as every plant according to its kind, having room to fhoot each way regularly, they will form hand- fome heads ; and ev^ery different fhrub can alfo with plea- fure be diftinftly viewed. Befides, by allowing a due diftance between plant and plant, you have proper room to dig the ground ; and alfo to hoe and clean, and do all neceffary work about the ihrubs. Planting E'uergreens to hide Walls, ^c. Phillyreas, lauriftinus, and laurel, are proper fhrubs to plant any where near a houfe to hide fuch ragged or naked walls, or other buildings, as you defire to have hidden. Thefe plants are a beautiful green, fummer and win- ter, they are alfo very hardy, and their growth is quick and regular; and where wanted for the above purpofe, this is a proper time to plant them. They muft be planted clofe to the wall, and their branches muft be regularly fpread and trained to the wall in the manner of a wall-tree ; they will flioot in a quick but regular manner, and their beautiful green leaves will eftedually hide the moft deformed or ill- looking wall, &c. The Oc"t.] F L 0 vv E R Garden'. 48 i The pyracantha is alfo a pretty fhriib to plant againft a wall, by realbn of its cluilers o£ beautifai red berries, which make a handfome and very agreeable appearance in autumn and in winter. I have ieen the arbutus, or ftravvberry tree, planted to .hide a difagreeable looking wall. This is a beautiful plant, and makes an agreeable figure in any place, and at all feafon;, but particularly in this and the two pre- ceding months, when it is loaded with its fine redilraw- berry-like fruit. But thefe plants make the bell appearance when plant- ed in the clumps or borders, &c. and fuifered to grow in their natural way. Many people plant thefe fhrubs, detached or fmgly, upon grafs lawns, &c. kept to fmgle clean flems, and regular heads ; in which they have a beautiful effect. Pines and Firs. Pines and firs may* now be tranfplanted : thefe plants may be fafely removed, and "planted in dry foils any time in this month. This is alfo a good time to tranfplant cedars, juni- pers, and cyprefs ; and mod other fuch like hardy ever- green trees may alfo be now brought in and planted. General method of planting Trees and Shrubs, In planting the various kinds of fhrubs and trees in the fhrubbery, &c. one general method ferves for the whole ; open for every plant a hole wide enough to re- - ceive the roots freely every way ; when the hole is dug; to the due depth, let the bottom be well loofened. Then get the plants and prune the end of all long and " ilraggling roots; and cut away fuch roots as are broken, damaged cr dead : alfo any irregulariti-es of the head ; , then place the plant in the hole, and fee it (land upright; ■ break-the earth well and throw it in equally, at the fame ^ time (baking the plant gently to make the earth fall in clofe about, and among all the roots and fibres-; when all is in, tread the earth gently round the plant, and then let every one be diredly watered. But in planting the choice and more tender forts of evergreens, it will be proper to obferve that, when the Tilanti can be readily taken up and brought with balls of y earth 482 The Pleasure, or [Od. earth firmly about their roots, it fhould be done ; and having a wide hole opened, the plants fhould be imme- diately fet therein, with the faid ball of earth intire, and directly fill up tiie hole, and tread the furface gently. Immediately give each plant about a pot or half a pot of water, according to the fize of the hole, and let fuch as wane fupport be dir^tflly ftaked. Trajifplant Forejl-trees, Forefi-trces of all forts may now be fafely tianfplanted about the middle or towards the latter end of this month ; fuch as elm, oak, beech, maple, alb, lime and plane trees; aifo alder, poplar, and willow; likewife pines, firs, cedars, cyprefs, larches, and almoil all other forts, both of the deciduous and evergreen fcreft and ornamental trees, as is exhibited in the catalogue at the end of the book. But thefe and all other foreft trees may be tr^nfplant- ed in m.ild weather an/time between this and Cliriilmas, or any time during the winter feafon, obferve the fame method in planting thefe forts, as jull above advifed in the general method of planting ; and at the diftance and order of arrangement .as hinted in March. Propagating by Layers, Now make layers of all forts of hardy trees and fhrubs to propagate them. This may be done any time in this month, and many forts of trees and flowering fiirubs are to be propagated by that method ; the method is eafy, and the trouble is not much ; befides, it will be well repaid in a twelve- month's time with numbers of new plants. AlmoU any tree or flirub that flieds its leaves in winter, may be raifed by layers ; and in the hardy kinds, this is the belt time to perform that operation. The methodof laying is : dig round the tree or (hrub, and bend down the pliable branches, lay them into the earth; and fecure them there with hooked or forked flicks ; lay down all the young ihoots on each branch, • and cover the body of them about four or ^\t inches deep> leaving the tops of each at leaft two, three or four inchei ' out of the ground, according to their different lengths. Thus they are to remain till this time tsvelvemonth, by which time they will be well rooted, and mull then be tranfplanted. > • By Od. J Flo w e r G a r d e n. 4S 3 By layers, elms, and limes -will fuccecd remarkably- well, and this is the proper time. Now is alfo a proper time to make layers of fuch Torts ofh?.rdy evergreens as will grow by that method. This may be pradiied witli good fuccefs on laurullinus ; the layers of this plant will, in the fpace of one year, from the time of laying, be. very well rooted, and fit to tranfplant, provided you take care to lay proper young Ihoots. Phiilyreas and alaternufes will alfo grow by layers, but the layers of thefe plants will fometimes be two years before they are tolerably rooted, particularly when not laid till this feafofi. But the bell time to lay thefa, and fuch other hard- wooded evergreen plants, is June or July ; and the young ihoots of the fame fammer's growth are then to be chofen ; for many of thefe will often take root the fame feafon^ fo as to be fit to tranfplant by Michaelmas. However, it will alfo at this time be proper to maks layers of fuch evergreen flirubs as you defire to propagate ; it is foon done, and is wcrih the trial j there are many orts that will fucceed. Obferve it is the laft fummer's (hoots that are the mod proper parts to lay ; and fo accordingly let fuch branches as are bell furniflied with fuch Ihoots be brought down and laid into the earth, by the above method, Tvanfplanting Layers. Now is the time to take off and tranfplant the layers of all fuch Ihrubs and trees as were layed laft year; let their roots be pruned, and plant them in rows, twelve" inches diltant. Propagating Rcfes and ether Shrubs by Suckers. Tranfplant fuckers of rofes : it is by fuckers from the root that moll forts of *thefe {hrubs are encreafed ; thefe iVickers being digged up carefully with roots, will make c^ood plants in two years time. Lilacs are alfo generally encreafed by fuckers, which Ihrub feldom fails to yield ev.ery year plenty ; and thefe may now, or any time in winter, when the weather is mild, be taken up and planted out in rov/s. Many other Hirabs are alfo railed by fuckers from i'ac y 2 roots. 484 ThePleasure, cr [Od. roots, and this is now a proper time to tranfplant the fuckers of all luch forts. Propagating Flon.verlng Shriihs hy Cuttings. Plant cuttings of hon6yfuckles : all the forts of thefe fhrubs may be propagated by that method, for the cut- tings of the young fnoots will put out roots very freely, and make pretty plants in one year. Many other forts of hardy Ihrubs and trees are to be raifed from cuttings, and this is the time to plant them. Obferve, it is the lail fummer's Ihoots that are to be ufed for cuttings; let ftrong fhoots be chofen, and. fnorten them to about nine, ten or f.velve inches in length, then plant them in rows a foot afunder, and fet the cuttings about eight inches diflantinthe row. Let every cutting be put half-way into the ground. Laurels and Portugal laurels are propagated principal- ly by cuttings, ancf this is a very fuccefsful time to plant them; thefe cuttings muil alfo be principally the la ft fummer's fhoois ; do not take the long rambling iTioots choofe fuch as are about nine or ten, to twelve of fifteen inches in length ; and, if in cutting them oF, you take' about two inches of the former year's wood to the bot- v torn of each, it will prove fome advantage to their root- in"- : though they alfo fucced free enough without any part of the old wood. Trim off the lower leaves, and plant them in a lliady border, in rows, ten or twelve inches afunder, and fet the cuttin?-s fix or eight inches diftahce one from another •in the row. Thefe cuttings will be well rooted by next September or Oi^ilober. Seedlifig Flo-Tvers. Remove now all the boxes or pots of feedling flowers to a warm htuation. Let thefe be placed where they can have the full fun all winter, and where cold and cutting winds cannot come. Thefe pots, boxes, or tubs, Ihould alfo be now cleared with great care from weeds. _ . ^ The beds of feedling bulbs lliould alfo, at this time, have good attention ; let all weeds be taken out with particular care, then get feme rich light earth, and fift fome of this all over the furface of the bed to the thick- nefs of an inch or thereabouts. This 0£1.] F L 0 W E R - G A R D E N. 4H5 This will be of vcry'great fervic€ to thefe young roots, but ill particular to thole which were not removed in fuiTiiiier. Trlnming Enjer greens. Go round the plantations of evergreens, and vvith a fnarp knife reduce fuch to order as are of a rude growth. Though the taile which prevailed fo much formerly in cutting or training many forts of evergreens into dif- ferent figures, with garden (hears, is now for the moll: part laid afide, yet there are many forts of evergreens that require fome training with the knife. Sometimes branches or flioots of a rude growth wilL ihoot out on one fide of the tree, or Ihrub, and advance in an irregular manner a good diitance from the principal branches which form the head ; thefe fhould be cut away or iliortened as you fee it moil convenient to make the head fomewhat regular. Let all long ftraggiers be fhortened ; and, where the trees or Ihrubs interfere with each other, let the brandies be fhortened fo that every plant may fiand fair and clear of another. Clipping Hedges and Edgings, If any hedges, or box edgings want trimming, let them be compleated early in this month j obferving us in the two former, I* laming Box EdgiJigs. Plant box where wanted for edgings to borders or beds ; this being rather the bell time in the year to do that ivork, for the box will now very foon take root. To make neat edgings you fhould get fome fhort bufhy box, and this fhould be flipped or parted, and the long flicky roots cut off, and the tops trimmed even. The method of planting it is this : flretch your line alon;- the edge of the bed or border,, and let- that part be trodden evenly along to fettle it moderately firm, and then with the fpade make it up full and even, accord- ing to the line ; then v/ith your fpade, on the fide of the line next the walk, let a neat trench be cut out about fix or eight inches deep, making the fide next the line per- fectly upright, turning the earth out to the oppofite fide. Y 3 The 4S6 ^ The Pleasure, ^r [Oft. The box is to be planted in this trench clofe againft the upright fide next the line, placing the plants fo near together as to form immediately a clofe compad edging without being too thick and clumfey, and with the top of the plants as even as polTible, all an equal height not more than an inch above the furface of the line : and as you proceed in planting draw the earth up to the outfide of the plants, which fixes them in their due pofition ; snd. when you have planted the row out, then with your fpade trim the earth up alraoll to the top of the plants, and tread it neatly and evenly to them; and when the edging is planted, let any unequalities of the top be cut as even and neat as poffible with a pair of fliears, Pla}it Thrift for Edgings » Thrift makes alfo a very good edging, and this is the time toplant it. To make a neat edging, th,e plants lliould be fet fo clofe as juft to touch one another, either by'planting ie like the box, as above, or by dibble. Monx) Grafs JValks and Lanjcns* The grafs-walk and lawns fhould now be mown gene- rally for the lall time in the feafon, and fhould be cut as clofe and even as poffible, for if not cut well down at this time, they will appear very rough all winter. The grafs fhould now be very ofien rolled to fcatter the worm calls about, and it fhould afterwards be rolled- with a wooden or fome other roller ; the worm-cafls, by being broken and fpread about, will readily itick all to the roller, by which means the furface of the grafs will be rendered very clean, firm, and fmcoth. Let ail parts of the grafs walks and lawns, be at this time kept clean from the fallen leaves of trees, con- ftautly fweeping them clean off. Granjel Walks. Let gravel walks be clean weeded, and occafionally rolled, once or twice a week. Plantifjg Hedges. This is a fine feafon to plant all forts of hedges both as fences and for ornament ; likewife to plafh or lay down oaa] The Nursery. 4S7 down Old hedges which have run up naked at bottom. See November and December. The Nurserv. Propagating by Layers, , NOW begin to propagate foreft-trees and flowering ihrubs, &c. by layers, this being the bell feafou to perform that work on the hardy kinds ; and the man- ner of doing it is quite eafy. The ground is to be dug round the tree or (hrub you intend to propagate ; and in doing this, the Ihoots or branches are to be brought down and laid into the earth, * Jind faflened there with forked or hooked fticks ; and the body of the fnoots are to be covered about three or four , inches deep, leaving the top three or four inches cut of the ground. Eims will fucceed remarkably well by Ia')'crs, and fo will limes, and many other hardy foreft-trees, ornamen- tal trees, flowering fhrubs and evergreens. But where it is intended to raife the tree and tall fhrub kinds by layers, the tree or ihrubs from which the \2LyQx% are to be made muJil be prepared for that purpofe, a year before, by cutting down the ftems thereof near the ground,, when only two or three inches thick, in order that ,they may produce fiioots or branches at fuch a convenient height as they can be readily laid down, but moft of the lower kinds of llirubs branching out near the ground, naturally afford layers enough properly fituated for laying, without the above precaution of pre- vioufly heading down. T ran/plant Layers. Take off the layers of all kinds of trees and ihrubs that were laid a twelvemonth ago, or laft fummer. Let thefe be planted in rows in an open fpot; the larger plants, fet in rows two feet and a half afunder, and the fmall kinds fifteen or eighteen inches, and planted twelve inches diitant in the row. Y 4 Propagate 488 The NuR SER Y. [Od. Propagate Trees and Skruhs ky Cuttings. This is the time ^o plant cuttings cf all futh hardy trees, and (hrubs as will grow by that method^ and which is not a few. One in particular among the reft, is that well-knowR fhrub the honeyfuckle, all the fores of which will grow freely bycuitings,andth}sislliilagood time toplantthem. The goofeberry and currant-trees are alfo raifed by cut- tings, and this is as good a time as any can be toplantthem. Cuttings of all forts planted a year ago, being rooted, and have Ihot at top, may now be tranlj^lanted in wide nurfery rows, where required for training for the pur- pofes intended. Sq-m Haiv and Hclly- berries, i^c. This is the time to fow haws, holly, hips, and yew- berries. Beds wuft be prepared for thefe berries three feet and a half or four feet wide ; the berries are to be fown fe- parately, and covered an inch or two deep with earth. But it is the pradUce of many to prepare the holly- berries and haws, for vegetation, a whole year before thev fow them, becaufe they feldom come up till the fe- cond fpring after fowing : it therefore is cufcomary to • bury them in the ground for one year and then fow them. The method is this : In a part of the garden where the ground is frm and dry, mark out a trench one or two feet wide, the length in'proportion to the quantity of berries intended to be buried,- and dig it full twelve inches deep ; but in per- fectly dry ground, eighteen inches or two feet will be better, making the bottom level ; then lay the berries of an equal thicknefs, and cover them with the earth at leafr fix inches deep below the fur face, and raifing it above the furface in a ridge like a grave, making the ridge rather wider than the trench, in order to threw oit the wet the better from it. Here let them lie till that time twelvemonth, v/hen they are to be taken up and fown in beds, as above * mentioned, and the plants will come up in the fpring following. Scnv Jcorns. Sow acorns, this being the mofl: proper time to put them into the ground ; and they fiiould be all fown by Od.] The Nursery. 4S9 Che latter end of this or ibme time next month, for if kept much longer out of the ground, they will foon be- gin to fprout. Let thefe be fown in beds, and cover them equally with earth about an inch and half deep. Stocks to hud and graft upon. Now plant out all kinds of feedling Hocks to. bud and graft the different fruits upon. Let thefe be placed in rows two feet and a half afun- der, and fet the plants twelve or fifteen inches diilant from one another in the row. Likewife, for the purpofe of flocks, tranfplant alfo fuckers from the roots of different kinds of fruit-tfees, but particularly thofe from the plum, cherry, or codlin- tree. You fliould now tranfplant where neceffary, fuch cut- tings, or layers, of fruit-trees as were planted or layed a year ago to raife flocks ; but particularly the cuttings or layers of quinces, to bud or graft pears upon, to forra dwarf trees for walls and efpaliers, &c. planting them in wide nurfery rows, as above. Planting hardy Threes and Shrubs. Now you may alfo tranfplant all forts of hardy trees and fhr'ubs, and it may be done any time in this month. Thofe trees and ihrubs which are planted out, or tranfplanted at this feafon, will fix themfelves firmly hy the beginning of next fummer, which will be a great advantage, for they will require but xQry little trouble in watering, . Pruning, This is a proper feafon to prune all kinds of youn^ fruit trees in the order required, clearing their Herns from fuckers, and the head from irregular and fuper-abundant ' fhoots, SiC, Foreft- trees of all fcJrts may alfo be pruned any time in this month, to cle^^r the llems from llrong, fide- fhoots. Likewife flowering Hirubs, &c. may now be generally primmed where thpy v/ant it, to re'.r-.mch any Irregularicles pf the liead, &c. ' ' V •? - Sc-'j 490 T H E N tj R s £ n V. [Oa. Sew Plum and Cherry -Stones, Now it will be proper to put into the ground fome plum and cherry-flones to raife a fupply of flocks to bud and graft. Let beds be dug for thefe about foui' feet broad ; let the ftenes be fpread a» equally as poflible, and not too thick : cover them full an inch and half thick with earth. Then it will be advantageous to fcatter fome dry ihcrt .jnulchy litter on the furface. It will likewife now be neceffary to prepare to preferve fome plum-Hones in fand till fpring, to be as a referve to fow in cafe thefe now fown in the beds ihould be de- flroyed by vermin or fevere froft. For that purpofe get a good clofe ftrong box or tub, aftd cover the bottom three inches deep with fome dry fand ; then fcatter in a parcel of the ftones, and cover them two inches deep with fand ; then fcatter more Hones, find throw on another covering of fand, and fo proceed til! the box or tub bfe filled. Thus the Hones will keep fecurely till the middle, or towards the latter end of February, when they muft be fown in beds in the nurfery as above. Pla7it Cuttings of Laurels. Plant cuttings of laurels, but let this be dond in the beginning of the month. Let the cuttings of thefe plants be chofen, prepared, and planted in the manner mentioned the lafl month. Portugal laurels are alfo to be propagated by cuttings* and the beginning of this month is flill a very good time to plant'^hem. Propagate hy Buckets , Propagate by fuckers from the roots, all forts of trees and Ihrubs which produce them ; taking them up with roots, and plant them in nurfery-rows. Tran/plant Laurels, The beginning of this month is a proper feafon to tranfplant laurels, Portugal laurels, lauruftinus, and fnch like evergreens, into wider rows where needful. 0£l.] The Gr EE N-Hous ^. 491 So'w Beech'MaJiy ^c. This is the time to fovv beech-maft, and alfo the only proper time to fow maple- feed ; let a bed be dug for each of thefe feeds, the earth well broken, and the fur- face laid even. Then fow the feeds or maft pretty thick, and cover them near an inch thick with earth. Seeds ofnjarious hardy Trees ^ ^c. The feeds, ftones, nuts, berries, &c. of mofl: other hardy trees and ihrubs, may alfo be fowed the end of this month ; fee the method in February. The Green-House. Orange-Trees. REMOVE the orange-trees, and all other green* houfe exotics, into the green-houfe the beginning of this month, provided it was not done at the end of -September. Beforethey are carried in, let the heads be well cleaned, the decayed leaves picked off, and the earth ilirred a lit- tle in the top of the tubs or pots. About the middle or towards the. latter end of the month, it will be time to take in the myrtles, geraniunxs, and all other green-houfe plants. Obferve, as faid of the oranges, to clean the heads, and take off the dead leaves : llir the earth on the furface of the pots ; and, to fuch plants as appear any way fickly, let fome of the old earth be taken out of the pot or tub, and fill it up with frefh compoll. In placing the plants in the green-houfe, take great care to arrange them in regular order, the taller plants behind, and the others according to their height in re- gular gradation down to the loweft in front; bein^ alfo careful to difpofe the different forts in fuch order, as the foliage may efrev^l a llriking contraft and varietv, by in- termixing the broad and narrow-leaved, the firnple and Y 6 comDOund 492 The Hot-House. [061:. compound leaved, and the light-green, dark green, and the other different jQiades and tints of colours and varia- .tions of the foliage of the various kinds, in which they v/ill exhibit a confpicuous and agreeable diverfity. When they are all thus regularly arranged in their .places, give their heads a refreihment of water ; then let the floor and all parts of the green-houfe be neatly cleaned from wet and all manner of rubbilli. When the plants are all in, take care to fupply them with wnter ; but let this be always done with moderatiQn. Likevvife give them plenty of air every mild day, by opening all the windows ; never keep them clofe in mild open weather in the day-time. The Hot- House. THE beginning of this month you mull begin to re- move into the fruiting hot-houfe the fucceffion pines; that is, fuch as are to produce the fruit for the fupply of the enfuing fummer ; but previous to this, preparations mull be made to the adding of feme frelh tan to the ba:k-bed,in the hot-houfe. Therefore, if not done in the end of lafl month, let fomc good new tan be now procured from the tan-yards, in quantity, as advifed lall month ; fufficient to fupply the place of the ivaile bark, which will be now confi- derable, and mufl all be removed by fcreening it as be-^ low : fo that about from one half or two thirds, or more" of what the bark-pit will contain, will now be neceffary ; let it when brought from the tan-yards be call up in a heap for ten or twelve days to drain ; but if the tan be very wet, it Ihould be fpread thin in fome dry airy place, in funny days, to dry, fo as to bring it to a middling de- gree of moiitnefs ; for if it is put into the hot-houfe pit TOO wet, it would be a long time before it come to a kindly heat, and fometimes not at all. When the tan has laid its proper time, and is duly prepared, let all the pots that are now plunged in the hot-houfe be taken out. Then let all the old tan in the bark-bed be fifted or fcreened : let all that goes through the fcreen be taken> entirely oa.] The Hot -Ho use,' 493 entirely away, and as much new tan brought in as will, with the quantity of old, fill up the pit again. Then let the new and the remaining old tan in the pit be worked up and mixed properly together. After that is done, make the furface of the bed level. Then, when the bed begins to heat, and the heat is rifen near the furface, bring in your fruiting plants, and plynge them in the bark-bed to their rims , but you mull obferve to examine the bed often; and, if you find the heat at any time violent, then let the pots be drawn up halfway, or quite out of the tan, as you fee conve- nient, to prevent its burning the roots of the plants. When the heat is moderate, let the pots be plunged again. About the middle, or towards the latter end of this month, it will be time to begin to make the fires every evening ; and when there happens to be very damp or cold weather, it will alfo be proper to make moderate fires in a morning. The plants will require to be watered' about once in fix or feven days, and the air mufl: be admitted to them every day when the fun is warm and the wind calm. SucceJJion Plants. The bark-bed wherein the fucceffion pine plants are plunged will alfo now require to be renewed v.-ith a pro- per quantity of new tan ; obferving, as advifed above in the hot-houfe, to let the old tan in the bed be fcreened before you add the new ; tkat is, provided it is much walled, or become very earthy. General Care, Give alfo proper attendance to the plants in general in the hot-houfe, both the pines and all the other exo- tics ; let them have the neceffary culture. Let occafional waterings be given once a week, or as you Ihall fee occafion ; being careful not to give too much at this time. Likewife admit freih air into tHe houfe every fine day, by Aiding open fome of the glafiTes from nine or ten till three or four o'clock, if funny calm weather. If any plants want ihifting into larger pots, let it be done, and plunge the pots in the bark-bed. N O V^ E M^ [ 494 ] NOVEMBER. fFork to he done in the Kitchen Garden, Bea^is, IN the middle, or towards the latter end of this morth, you fhould plant fome beans to fucceed thofe which were planted in Oftober ; where no plantation was made thereof in that month, it mult carefully be attended to in the beginning or middle of this. The beans which are planted now, will come in at an early feafcn, and often fucceed better than thofe which were planted three weeks or a month fooner. The mazaga-n bean comes in the earlieft', is a great bearer, a good bean for the table, and alfo moll proper to be planted at this feafon for the earlieft crop ; but may alfo plant either fome fmall Spanifh, broad Spa- nilh, or long podded beans, or a few of eadi, for a fuc- ceflional early fupply. Let thefe beans be planted in a warm border, under a wall or other fence ; and obferve the fame method in planting them as mentioned in Odober, in the article of beans. Peoj, Sow alfo fome peas towards the middle of this month, to fucceed thofe fowed in Odiober, that there may be a regular fupply of them for the table in their due feafon. But if none were fown in 0£lober, it will be proper to fow fome in jer Plants. Let the cauliflower plants which are in frames have the 'iit^ air everyday, vvhen the weather is mild and dry, by taking the glafies quite off in the morning; but let the plants be covered with them ^.v^xy night. When the weather is extremely wet, it v/ill be proper to keep the glafTes over them ; but at the fame time let the glaffes be raifed to a good height', to admit a largd fliare of free air to the plants. When dead leaves at any time appear upon the plants, let them be rakenoff, and keep them perfeftly clear from weeds. The cauliflowers v^hich are planted ur,der hand or bell-glafl!es, mull be -treated as above; and if they run long-lhanked, lay in fome dry earth round about their Hems. Wheie cauliflowers were not planted out under hand-^ glaffes laft month, it may Hill be done in the beginning of this. See Odober. Spinach, Spinach fhould now be kept perfedly clean from weeds : and, where the plants Hand too clofe, let fome of the fm.alleft be taken up for ufe, fo that every plant may ftand fingly ; then the fun and air can come at the. furface of the ground to dry it, \vhich will be comfort- able ta the plants, and they will thrive the better. When you gather fpinach of the fl:anding plants, let care be taken to cut only the large outflde leaves, leav- ing the inner ones to grow larger, and they will be fit to gather in their turn. Carrots and Parj'nepSy Beety ijfc. The beginning of this month you Ihould take up car- rots and parfneps, or other kitchen roots, in order to lay them in fand, to preferve fhem for winter ufe. If Nov.] The Kitchen Garden. 50 c [f thefe roots were to be permitted to remain in the ground, they would cankei And rot; b files, if fevere froil fuould fet in, the ground will be frozen fo hard, that it would be difficult to take the roots up at the time they are wanted. Take the advantage therefore of a dry mild day, and t/ke the roots out of the ground ; cut the tops off clofe, clean them from earth, and carry them into fome con- venient dry place. Then lay a bed of dry fand on tlie flocr about two or three inches thick; place the roots upcn the fand ,clofe together, obferving to lay the crowns of the roots out- Sv'ards. Cover the roots with fand two inches thick, then lay fome more roots on that, and then more fand, and fo proceed with a layer of fand and another of roots, till you have laid them all, and lay fome dry ftraw over the whole. Likewife dig up fome red-beet roots, to prefervcin the fame manner; alfofalfafy, fcorzonera, &c. laying them in fand as the carrots and parfncps. Potatoes. 'Where potatoes Hill remain in the ground, let them now be taken up as foon as poffible, before fevere froU begins ; thefe roots cannot bear much froll:, for fuch as are. affeded by it,, immediately turn very watery, and then are not fit to eat. They ihould be digged up with a flat three- tyned fork, there being proper potatoe-forks for the purpofe, made with flat tyncs, blunted, roundifli at the ends; in proceeding to dig up the potatoes, previouOy cut" down the haulm or ilalks of the plants near the ground, the remaining part of ihe Ilalks will ferve as a direction in pitching the fork; then in digging up the potatoes, turn them clean up to the top, and colled them ii^To" baikets, &c. Let thefe roots when taken up be well cleaned, and laid up in a dry room ; and when the weather is {QWQ.rQ^ let them be covered with fome dry llravv, and let this be laid almoll: a foot thick over them. Thefe roots fliould be from time to time looked over, and all fuch as have any tendency to rottennefs ihould be 502 The Kitchen Garden.' [Nov. be taken out, for fuch would infefl thofe that are found, and the infedtion would foon fpread. Manure and trench Kitchen- ground* Now take advantage of dry days and frofty weather, and bring in rotten dung from old hot-beds, or freni dung-hills, and lay it upon fuch vacant pieces of kitch- en-ground as want manure. The Method of Trenching Ground. Likewife now dig or trench up all fuch pieces of ground as are vacant; and, in order that the ground may receive the true advantage of fallow, let every piece, as you dig or trench it, be laid up in narrow ridges. TJie method of ridging up the ground in winter, fhould be pradifed in every foil and fituation, it being of great advantage : this will improve the ground more than many could imagine; for by its being laid up in fharp ridges, the frofc, fun, and air, can then have more ixQZ accefs-: all of which contribute greatly to the en- riching and mellowing the groiind ; and the fobner this is done the better. Therefore, according as the crops are cleaj-ed off the ground, let it be immediately dug or trenched up in ridges. Let the ridges be dug about two or three fpade-i broad, and one or two deep, and lay them up rough, and as high and iharp as they vvill Hand. See Odlober. By digging the vacant pieces of ground in the winter feafon, it is not only an advantage to the foil, but it alfo looks neat, and will greatly forv/ard the bufinefs in the fpring., when there is always a deal of other work in hand* The ground being laid up in ridges, it is foon levelled down in the fpring, when it is wanted for the reception of feeds or plants. Carrot Seeds. Dig a warm border the beginning or middle of this- month, and fow in it fome carrot feed ; and there will be a chance, from this early fowing, to have very foon in the fpring, fome young carrots. But fow only a fmall fpot at this time, for there is not much dependence in having great fuccefs ; but Hill it is proper to make trial of a littie feed; and, if the winter proves Nov.] The Fruit Garden. 503 proves any thin^ mild, there will be a chance of having ibme early fuccefs in fpring. Ojiions. Take care now of the fpring oniftns ; where weeds ap- pear, let them be picked out with care. Let this be done in due time before the weeds fpread, as they would now foon greatly prejudice thefe fmall young plants, efpccially chickweed and other creeping weeds, which often prevail at this feafon, and foon fpread over the furface. Hot-beds to raife Afparagus. Now is a proper time to begin to make hot-beds to force afparagus, if not done lafl: month : the method of making and managing thefe beds may be feen in the work of the Kitchen Garden in February and December. Many of the kitchen gardeners about London begin to make afparagus hot-beds about the middle or latter end of September, or early in Oftober, in order to have afparagus fit to gather by Lord Mayor's Day, which al- ways happens the fecond week in November. But if a hot-bed of afparagus was begun at the above time, another fnould be made the middle of this month, to furnilh a fuccellional fupply. The Fruit Garden. Pruning and nailing Vines, VINES either againft walls or in the vineyard, fliould now be pruned and nailed ; and this may be done any time in this month. In pruning vines, you muft obferve to leave in every part a proper fupply of the laft fummer^s ihoots to bear fruit the next year; and let all the irregular and fuper- abundant fhoots, that are not wanted, be cut out clofe; together with part of the former year's bearers, and old ufelefs wood, which muft now be cut out to make room for the bearing fhoots or branches. For the laft fummer's fhoots which are now left, will, in the fpring, produce from every eye or bud a young fnoot ^04 The Fruit Garden. [Nov. flioot, and on thefe young Ihoots the grapes are produced the fame fiimmer; for vines feldom produce bearing ihoots from any but one year old wood. Therefore the main article to be obferved now is to leave a fufficient fupply of the lail fummer's (hoots in every part. Choofe the llrongell and beft fituated ihoots, with the fhorteit joints, cutting out the fuperabundancy, with part of the old wood, as above faid ; and let each re- maining fhoot be fnortehed according to its ftrength. The general rule is to jfliorten the Ihoots to three, four, five or fix eyes of joints in length ; which rule fhould be always obferved according to the ftrength of the differ- ent fhoots; and never leave the ftrongeil fhoots more than four, five, or fix eyes, or joints ; for when the Ihoots are left longer, they only fill the vines in the cnfuing fummer with more fhoots than you can find room to lay in ; and, befides, the fruit upon fu'ch fhoots, would be fmall and ill grown, in proportion ; therefore it is beft ■to fhorten the Pnoots to the length above mentioned; then each fhoot, fo fliortcned, will, next fummer, produce three, four or five good fhoots, with two or three bunches of fruit upon each, and the fruit upon thefe fhoots will be found to grow large, and will ripen well, and in due tim.e, and one large bunch of grapes is at any time worth three fmall ones. In fhortening the fhoots, mind to cut them about half an inch above an eye, and make the cut floping be- hind it. Let the branches or fnoots in general be left ten or twelve inches apart, or more, but that at leail. Take care to prune in iuch a manner as that there may always be.a fucceffion of young branches towards the bottom to come in to fupply the place of the old naked wood, which muflbecut out occafionally, as it becomes unferviceablc. Never fuffer old naked branches to rem.ain in any part of the vine where there is younger branches or fiioots properly fituated to come in to fupply their place. When you have finifhed pruning, let the branches, be nailed up neatly, obferving to lay them in llrait and '•e-" gularly ten or twelve inches diilant. If you have left too many br.;nchcs when you pruned, let that be remedied in nailijig, by cutting out tl.e fu- pcrabundant wood in a regular manner. P.; Nov.] The Fruit Garden. 505 Prune Apricot-trees , l^c. Prune apricot, peach, and neftarine trees ; and tins may be done any time in this month. In pruning thefe trees you are to obferYie the fame method as mentioned in the former month; the lad fummer's fhoots having been trained in abundantly in fummer, the moil: irregular and overbundant of them are now to be pruned xut, and a due fupply of the beii- placed, and moilpromifing moderate llrong nioots are to oe preferved in every part at proper diilances, for thefe tr^es produce their fruit principally upon the former year's Ihoots. The old naked branches which have no young Hioots on them, jfhould be either entirely cut out or ftiortened to fome convenient branch thatfupports fuchflioots; ob- ferving always to cut them off clofe, leaving no ilump, and make the cut fmcoth. Let it be a rule in prui^ing thefe trees, to let fome of the old naked wood in every part be cut away every year, in the v/inter pruning, to make room for the laft fummer'.s fhoots, a due fupply of which Ihould be left every where at modcrai:e difcances to bear fruit next fummer ; and al! fuch as are not wanted mull be cut away quite clofe, leaving no fpurs. The young fhoots which are now left mufl be at the fame time fhortened, more or lef?., according to the vi- , gour of the tree and flrength of the different flioots ; which is done in order to promote their producing a more efFe£lua! fppply of new fhoots next year, to bear fruit the year following. For the principal particulars of performing the me- chanical operation of general pruning of all thefe trees, and fhortening the fnoots, &c. fee the Fruit-Garden of January and Oflober. Likewife obferve, that as foon as a tree is pruned, it will be the belt method to nail that before you prune another. Nail all the branches and fhoots perfedly flraight and clofe to the wal', and at regular diHances ; five inches or thereabouts is the diftance that the flioots and branches in general fhouH be laid from one another. Z plant 5o6 The Fruit Garden. [Nov. Plant Wall- trees. Now ftill tranfplant, for the walls, where wanted, peach, nedarine, and apricot-trees; alfo plums and cherries, &c. allotting the three former principally the beil fouth walls ; and let fome of the two latter have alfo a fouth afpedl ; and may likewife plant fome of ail the forts in well and eaft expofures. Let the borders where thefe trees are to be planted be prepared in a proper manner. Where an entire new plantation is to be made, let the borders be trenched all the way about two fpades deep : and where an addition of frelh earth is wanted, let fome be added at the fame time : loam is beft, if it can be had, with a quantity of very rotten dung. But where only a few trees are wanted in different places, in fuch cafe, that part of the border where the trees are to Hand, need only, to be trenched, adding rotten dung and a barrow full or two of good loam, or other frelh earth. The trees fhould be planted at the diftanxre of at leaft fifteen or eighteen feet from one another, with the ftem of each tree about four inches from the wall and inclin- ing thereto with the head. Prune Apple, Plum, and Pear-trees againji Walls and on Efpaliers, Prune plum, apple, and pears, both againft walls and on efpaliers : this operation may be performed on thefc trees any time this momth. In pruning the plum, apple and pear-trees againft walls or efpaliers, obferve that as the fame bearers re- main many years of a fruitful ftate, let only any cafual worn out wood thereof, or any very irregular or crowd- ing branches and decayed parts be cut out, together with all the fuperfluous and^ ill-placed young fhoots of laft fummer. But it muft be obferved, where a fupply of young bear- ing wood is wanting in any part of thefe trees, that fome of the beft fituated (hoots of the lall: fummer's growth, muft now be left in tvtry fuch place : thefe fhoots are not. to be fhortened, but each muft be laid in at full length; and, according as they advance in length, muft ftiJl be trained to the wall or efpalier, without being reduced in their length in any future pruning, either in fummer or winter, where there is room to extend them. For Nov.] The Fruit Garden. 507 For the llioots which are now laid in at full length, and not hereafter fhortened, will, in the fecond or third year after, begin to produce fome thick fliort ihoots or Ipurs, about an inch in length, and fome not fo long ; and upon thefe (hoots or natural fpurs, and on no other, the fruit of thefe trees are always produced. But, on the contrary, were the Ihoots which are laid in to bear, to be Ihortened or topped, as by many ignq- rantly praftifed, they would, in that cafe, produce no fuch flioots or fpurs as above for fruit : but, inftead of that, would, in the places where the fpurs or bloffoni' bud§ would otherwife appear, fend out numbers of frrong and altogether ufelefs wood fnoots ; and the trees would be continually crowded with ufelefs wood, and not one branch would be in a condition to bear, fo long as you keep Ihortening them," and the trees would not produce one fruit for ten in the other method of leaving ; therefore, ftill train the flioots or branches as they advance in length to the wall or efpalier, without reducing them. This plainly determines what method is to be taken in pruning thefe trees, to bring them to a condition to bear ; it fliev/s plainly that neither the young nor old branches are, in the general courfe of pruning, to be fhortened. But in the courfe of pruning the above trees, the branches in general Ihould be well examined with a cu- rious eye; and, if there are any old naked or worn-out branches, not furnifhing good bearing fpurs, or are decayed, or of any unfruitful ftate, let fuch be taken out, to make room to train the more proper bearing branches, and the fupply of young wood, in a regular manner. When the old ufelefs wood is cut out, examine all the remaining ufeful branches ; and, where thefe any where" Hand too clofe, let fome of them be taken away ; obferv- ing, to clear out the raoft irregular grown, and fuch as can be beft fpared, and let no two branches grow acrofs one another. And all the lail fummer's flioots which are not wanted for a fupply of wood, muft now be cut away ; let thefe be cut off quite clofe, leaving no fpurs but what are natu- rally produced. Let the branc^^es in general be left at the diHance of fix inches at leail from oae another, Z 2 As 5o8 The Fruit Garden. [Nov. As foon as one tree is pruned, let the branches be im- mediately nailed to the wall or tied to the efpalier ; let them be laid in horizontally, and let every one be trained ilraight and ciofe, and at regular diflances. Prune Cherry-trees. Cherry-trees may alfo be pruned now; either dwarfs againft walls, or fuch as are Handards. In pruning the wall cherries, nearly the fame method is to be pradlifed as propofed above in pruning plums, &:c. for as the fame bearers continue fruitful many years let only any cafual worn-out old branches, as fupport but little or no bearing fruit- fpurs, be taken off, that there may be room to train the full bearing branches, and the fupply of young wood, in a free and regular manner to the wall. Likewife obferve where a fupply of new woodiswant- ng in any part, leave for that purpofe, in the proper places, fome of the ftrongeft of the laft year's fhoots; and alfo fuch of thefe Ihoots as are not wanted 'for the above purpofe mufl now be cut away quite clofe, leaving no Itumps. The ill cots of thefe trees, and the branches in general, muft alfo be trained in without being Ihortened or topped. For cherry-trees alfo produce their fruit principally upon fhort robuil fpurs ; and the branches or fhoots will begin to produce fome of them in the fecond year, pro- vided they are not fhortened. The general branches and occafional fupply of young wood, in wall cherries, (hould remain five or fix inches diftance. But in pruning morella- cherry-trees, in particular, al- ways take care to leave every year a due fupply of the laft fummer's (hoots ; and thefe fhould be left in every part of the tree, at the diftance of four, five or fix inches ; for this kind of cherry-tree, in particular, produces its fruit principally upon the laft years' (hoots. Let all the forts of thefe trees be regularly nailed to the wall, tree and tree, according as they are pruned ; trainin:; the branches ftraight, about five or fix inches afunder. Plant Apples y Pearsy Plums and Cherries. Tranfplant apple, pear, plum, and cherry-trees, for cfpaliers, and walls, where they are wanting; and this may Nov.] The Frlit Garden. 509 may be done any time in the month, when the weather is open. * By having thefe trees in efpaliers, and againft walls, their fruit is greatly improved in fize, beauty and fla- vour : though apples are rarely indulged with a wall, but all the others arc planted as wall and efpalier-trees. Where the above trees are to be planted againft walls or efpaliers, do not forget to allow them proper roomj for this has been often forgot in making new planta- tions, for we very often fee them planted (o clofe toge- ther, as would induce one to think, that the perfon who planted them never entertained a thought of their ever growing any larger; for by the time the trees begin to bear tolerably, they haVe met, and incumbered, and liarved one another. Therefore let this caution be obferved : never plant fruit-trees of any kind too clofe, neither for walls, efpa- liers, nor ftandards. The proper diftance for general planting is thus : let the trees which are to be planted againft walls or efpaliers be fet at leaft fifteen or eighteen feet diftant, but twenty would not be too much; particularly for apples and pears, which indeed ftiould never be planted defer; and for fuch as are grafted or budded upon free ftocks, twenty-five feet will be an eligible diftance in efpa- liers, &c. 3ut as to plum and cherry-trees for walls and efpa- liers, fifteen feet at leaft ihould be allowed, but eigh- teen or twenty is a more advifeable diftance. Let the border, or at leaft the place where each tree is to be planted, be trenched two fpades deep, and let fome very rotten dung be dug in; but where the earth of' the border is not naturally good, let fome frefli loam, if it can be obtained, be brought in, and work it well up vvith a little rotten dung, and part of the earth of the border. But freili loam will be particularly ferviceable, if there are only two or three barrows full added to the place where the tree is to be placed; for moft trees thrive well in fuch a foil. Planting Standard Fruit-trees, Standard appjes, and other fruit-trees of all forts, may alfo be brought in and planted any time this month, in mild weather. Z 3 , Where 5IO The Fruit Garden. [Nov. Where a plantation of ftandard trees is to be made, either for an orchard or in the garden, the trees ihould be fet at the diftance of at leaft thirty or forty feet every way from one another; but fifty or fixty feet is more ad- vifeable, if for a continued full plantation. Fig-trees, Now go over the fig-trees, and pull off all thofe au- tumnal fruit which are now upon the branches, for they are ufelefs, and if left on would injure the eyes of the young tender branches which are for next year's bearers. At the fame time let all the principal Ihoots be nailed up clofe to the wall ; but it would not be advifeable to prune thefe trees now; it is better to defer that until February or March: but it will be neceffary to tack up all the bell fhoots to the wall, the better to fecure them from the froft and the power of the wind. It will likewife, in time of very hard frolls, be proper toihelter fome of the bed fig-trees by a covering of mats, to |)roted the young fhoots which are to bear fruit next year. Prune Goo/eherries and Currants. Prune goofeberries any time this month, and you may alfo prune currants. Thefe fhrubs are often negletled in the article of pruning; but whoever will be at the pains to bellow a Ikilful pruning on thefe trees, he will find his account in it about the latter end of June and July, in the largenefs of the fruit. For if thefe trees be kept thin of branches, and all old wood cut out as it becomes unferviceable, and young ones left in their place, the fruit of fuch trees will be much larger than what is commonly to be met with. The branches in general Ihould fland fair and clear of one another, at the diftance of eight or nine inches, or thereabouts ; that is, at their extremities. Sufi?er no fuckers from the roots to Hand, to come in for bearing branches ; but let thefe ,in general be always cleared away every year. For the general method of pruning thefe fruit fhrubs, fee laft month, January, February, &c. Plant Nov/] The Fruit-Garden. 511 Plant Goofeherry and Currants-trees, Goofeberry and currant-trees may ftill be brought in and planted where wanted ; in planting thefe fhrubs al- low the fame dillance between plant and plant as dired- ed in the former month, and January and February. As thefe trees grow up, mind always to train them with a clear and fingleftem, at leaH tenor twejve inches in height. Likewife let all fuckers be conftantly taken up as they rife from the roots for they disfigure the trees and ilarve the bearing branches, Prune^ and Plant Rafpherrtes. Prune rafpberries : this is ftill a proper time, and do it in the manner direcled in the fpring and lafi month, and clear away the cuttings, then dig the ground be- tween the plants. Plantations of rafpberries may ftill be made, but Jet this be done as foon in the month as polTible. Thefe muft be planted in an open fpot ; let the rows be four or five feet diftant, and allow three feet between plant and plant in the row. See Odober, January, and Feb. DreJJing and Planting the Stra-joherry-beds* Clean the ftrawberry-beds ; and, where it was not done laft month, let them have fuch a dreffing as there mentioned. Strawberry plants, where wanting, may alfo ftill be planted J but thefe ftiould be planted in the beginning of the month, otherwife they will not fucceed. The manner of planting thefe plants is mentioned iu Odober and September, &c. Plant Filbert-trees, Now is a good time to plant iilbert-trees, and it Is alfo a proper time to plant thofe of the hazle-nut, and others of that kind, v/here fuch plants are wanted. All of thefe trees will thrive in almoft any fituation where it is not too wet in winter : they are principally raifed by fuckers from the root, or by layers of the young branches, to continue the defirable varieties per- manent in their kind ; they being apt to vary when raifed from the nuts. Z 4. The 512 The Fruit-^Garden. [Nov. The trees fhould be planted in rows, allowing twelve or fifteen feet between plant and" plant in the row, and the rows fhould be fifteen or twenty feet diftant, and may train them to fingle fteros of three, foi:r, five or fix feet, and permitted to branch out above with full heads, according to their natural order of growth. Plant Walnut trees and Che/nuts. Now plant walnut-trees, and it is alfo a good feafon to plant chefnuts. Thefe trees are more fit to be planted in parks, or other open places, than in gardens ; fet thefe trees at leaft thirty or forty feet diftant from one another. Plant Mulberry -trees ^ Medlars, and ^inces. Mulberry, medlar, and quince-trees, may now be fafely transplanted. Note, The mulberry-trees are raoft commonly planted, and trained for ftandards ; a few trees of them' is fuffici- ent for the fervice of a family, or for variety, and to have earlier and larger fruit, may alfo plant ibme for walls and efpaliers. There are two forts, the black and the white fruited," but the black is the fort to cultivate for general fupply. Medlars may either be planted for ftandards, or for efpaliers ; but by the latter, the fruit is generally much larger. Quinces fucceed very well in ftandards, but they are alfo fometimes planted in efpaliers, to form a variety among other fruit-trees trained in that order. DireSiions for Planting. This being now a moft eligible feafon for planting moft forts of frait-trees, it is neceflary to obferve, that in procuring them for planting, it is of confiderable im- portance to have them taken up with their full fpread of roots, all as entire as polTible. In planting any kind of fruit tr^es, take care always to let a hole be opened for each tree, wide enough to let the roots fpread freely and equally every way, and let the bottom of the holes be always well loofened. Likewife obferve to let the roots of the trees be always pruned where needful ; that is, cut off" only any broken parts, and trim the ends of very long ftraggling roots in general, for this makes them more freely produce new iibres. Likewife prune any irregular and crofs-placed (hoots Nov.] The Pleasure Garden. 513 ihoots and branches of the head, and reduce within bounds any very long ftragglers and very crouded wood, leaving the eligible branches in regular order. The next caution is, never to plant a tree too deep ; never let the upper part of the roots be more than from three or four to five or fix inches below the common fur- face of the ground. And in planting the tree, take good care to place it upright in the hole, and let the earth be well broken, and throw it in equally about all the roots, and at the fame time Ihaking the tree gently, to caufe the earth to fall in clofe among all the fmall roots and fibres: and when the hole is filled up, let the furface of the earthibe gently trodden round the tree. Prune Standard Fruit-trees. Standard apple and pear-trees, and all other flandard fruit-trees, both in gardens and orchards, &c. may now have any necellary pruning.?, to reform cafual irregulari- ties ; very crouding branches, and any decayed wood and worn-out bearers. Where any large branch grows in a rambling manner crofs the reft, let it be cut out. Where the branches ftand too clofe, fo as to interfere with, and greatly crowd each other, let the molUrregu- lar growers be cut off. Let all dead wood and very old worn-out branches be cut away in every part of thefe trees ; and any very long rambling branches and low ftragglers, fhould be reduced to order, agreeable to the general branches of the head. By keeping the trees thin, and taking away all irre- gular grov/irig and old cafual worn-out branches, it is the only way to have large ai-^d v/ell-tafted fruit, and alfo to have handfome and lafting trees Having cleared your trees from all ufelefs branches, let the remaining ones be well cleared from mofs, if there be any on them. The Pleasure, or Flower Garden. N Clear the Borders^ ■y O W clear the borders from all d-ead annual plants, pulling them up by the roots j fuch as African Z 5 '^\ 5^4 The Pleasure, or [Nov, and French mangolds, lavateras, China afters, and all other of the like kinds. Cut down all the ftems or decayed flower-ftalks of pe- rennial plants, and let the borders be well cleared from leaves of trees and all forts of rubbifh. After this let the furface of the borders be gone over with a D utch hoe in a dry day, and then rake them fmooth. This prevents the growth of weeds, and renders the borders clean and decent for the winter feafon. They will alfo be clear and ready to receive what Other plants you think are wanting. When the borders are perfe.ily clear, go round and fee where any forts of perennial plants are wanting, and fet down a ftick for a mark. Planting Perennial Plants, Many forts of perennial plants may ftill be planted; fuch as the double fcarlet lychnis, double rofe-campion^ double rocket, catchfly, campanula, bachelor's buttons, and the like. Likewife plant, where wanted, fweet-williams, wall- floweri, ftock July flowers, columbines, Canterbury bells, tree primrofe, Greek valerian, and honefty. This is alfo a good time to tranfplant perennial fun- flower, golden-rod, perennial afters, hollyhocks, French honeyfuckles, monk's-hood, and pionies. Now you may likewife plant thrift, London pride, gentianella, doable daifies, polyanthufes, and primrofes, with many other forts. In planting the different forts, mind to let all the large or tall growing plants be placed backward in the border or ciump, and fet them a good diftance from one an- other. Likewife obferve to intermix the different forts in fuch a manner as there may be an agreeable variety and re- gular fucceflion of flowers in every part. Plant Tulips, ^c. This is ftill a proper time to plant tulips, hyacinths, and various other hardy bulbous roots, and let it be done in dry open weaiher, and as early in the month as poffible, for any general plantations. Tulips and hyacinths, if they are to be planted in beds, muft be planted in rows nine inches afunder, and the_ fame Nov.] Fl aWE R -G A R D E N. 515 fame diHance muil be allowed between plant and plant in the row, and about three or four inches deep ; and fuch as are defigned for the common flower borders, may ei- ther be depofited in a continued row, fifteen or eighteen inches from the edge, or planted in fmall patches or clumps, three or four roots together. See lall month, and the fpring planting. . Let thefe roots be planted in fuch beds and borders as lie tolerably dry all winter; for if the ground be too wet, the roots planted now would rot. Plant Ramincuhifes and Anemones, The ranunculufes and anemones fhould alfobe planted in beds and borders of light dry earth, for a wet foil would be apt to rot thefe roots : — let the beds be three or four feet wide, finiihed off a little rounding, with a fmooth even furface. Let the choicefl kinds of thefe roots be planted in beds,, for the convenience of prote«!:\ing them in winter, and in the fpring, when they are in bloom. In planting thefe roots, let the fame diflance and man- ner be obferved as in laft month. But if you plant them in the borders, let them be put in fmall patches, four or five roots in a patch, and the patches be nine or ten feet diftant. Thefe roots Ihould not be planted m.ore than t\^'o or three inches deep at moll. Plant CrBcufes, Crocufes of different forts may now be planted, and it is time all thefe forts were put into the ground. Thefe roots fhould be planted within fix inches of the edgt of the border, and it will be befl to plant them in the manner mentioned lalt m.onth. Do not plant thefe roots deeper than two cr three inches below the lu-rface. Planting Narcljfufes and other Bulbsi NarcifTules and jonquils, and all other bulbous roots that are flill above ground, may now be planted, when time and dry open weather will permit. Z 6 Auriculas- SiS The P l e a s u r e, round the upper part of the bed, to fecure the earth from flipping down, and which alfo ferves for the frame to reft upon. This is to be done in the following manner: let fome bands of ftraw be made, about three inches thick, and get fome fmall wooden pegs or Ihcrt fticks fharpened at one end ; with thefe fticks the band of ftraw is to be pegged down round the top of the bed, clofe to the edge on both fides and each end ; then add the ad- ditional fupply of earth above mentioned even with the top of the wreathing or ftraw band^ and v/hen this is done, let the frame and glaftes be immediately put on, and refted on the band of ftraw. Obferve that, during the time the bed is without the frame, if there ftiould happen to be heavy rains or great fnow, the bed, at fuch times, muft be defended by a good thick covering of ftraw or mats ; or otherwife put on the frame and lights, at the firft approach of fuch weather. The next thing to be obferved, is, that, when the heat of the bed begins to decline, it muft be renewed by applying a lining of new horfe-dung to its fides. This will be required probably, in about eighteen or twenty days after the bed is made ; nor muft you forget to cover the glafles every night with mats, or long litter ; but this Ihould be particularly obferved when the plants be- ^in to appear. Note, m placing the plants on the bed, take care to fet the crowns of tbe roots upright, and gather the roots of each plant clofe together ; fo that a bed for a three- light frame may contain at leaft, between two and three hundred roots in each light. But for a farther explanation of the general particulars in making, planting and management of thefe beds, fee the Kitchen Garden for February. The bed will begin to produce abundantly in about 9, month, or five or fix v/eeks, when they will rife very thick all over the bed ; and for the method of gather- ing them fee February, Trenching and digging. Now forward, at all opportunities, the trenching and 4%ging ^^ vacant fpace of groand in the kitchen -gar- A a 2 den. ^^2 The Fruit Garden. [Dec* den, that you may not have that work to do in the fpring, when there will be much of other bufmefs to be done, that could not be properly done before. Alfo take the opportunity of dry or frofty weather, and carry dung to the different parts of the garden where manure is wanted ; and let the ground be dug one or two fpades deep as you fee itnecefTary ; obferving to lay it up in ridges till the time you want to plant or fow it; which will mellow and enrich the ground greatly, in preparation for fowing and planting, with the necef- fary crops in the fpring, and which will alfo greatly "forward the fpring budnefs. Dunging will be necefTary fometimes every year, for two or three feafons in poor ground, till it is pro- perly enriched ; and alfo in fome good foils, an aug- ment of dung, every other year, will be beneficial, but in this, every one will be regulated, according to the fupply of dung that can be conveniently obtained. The ground Ihould generally be digged, or trenched up in ridges one or two fpades deep, as the depth of pro- per foil admits, and the diiferent crops require, the long rooted efculents, fuch as carrots, parfneps, &c. require the foil to be broken up fome confiderable depth to admit of their perpendicular growth : befides, by deep dig- ging at leall: one full fpade, or occafionally two fpades deep or more, it improves and in a manner renews the foil, by turning the top dovv'n and the bottom to the fur face, and crops grow more freely. For the methods to be obferved in the operation of trenching and ridging up the ground as above advifed, fee .'No'vember and Qdoher, c The Fruit Garden. Pru7i€ Apple and Pear-trees, ONTINUE to prune apples and pear-trees _ againft walls and efpaliers, any time this month. Thefe trees are hapdy, and you need not be afraid- of the froll doing them the leafl -damage through the means ©f pruning them. The fame rule holds good now in pruning thefe trees as mentioned in November* Prune DecJ The Fruit Garden. 5^^ Prune Vines, Vines agalnll walls, or in the vineyard, may now like- wife be pruned ; and the fame method is to be pradifed in pruning vines this month as in the lall;. Prune Apricot trees. Peaches, nedlarines, apricots, plums, and cherry-trees, may alfo iUll be pruned; and it may be done any time in this month, without much danger of injuring the trees by the operation, even if the weather fliould be' frofty. Thefe trees are rather tenderer than apples and pears ^ but if the weather be not very fevere, the pruning and nailing of them may be forwarded in any of the winter months, without running the leaft hazard of their being any ways damaged. Obferve the f^'me method of prun- ing all thefe forts as in the two lall months. And as is i\x\\y explained iw January and February^ &cQ., Let every tree, according as it is pruned, be imme- diately nailed up in a neat and regulaj- manner. Standard Fruit trees. Now is the time to examine ftandard fruit-trees, either in the garden or in the orchard, to cut out all ufelefs wood and ill growing branches. Where the branches of thefe trees ftand too clofe, in a crouded manner, let them be thinned ; obferving to cut out fuch as grow the moll irregular; and where any large branch grows acrofs or interferes much with any of the others, in an irregular diredlion, let fuch a branch be cut out. Let the fmaller branches, towards the upper parts of the tree, be alfo examined ; and, when they are crowd- ed, let forae of thefe alfo be cut away. Thus let all kinds of ftandards, always have the ge- neral branches kept moderately thin and at regular dif- tances ; and they will not fail to produce abundantly, and the fruit will always be large and handfome. A a 3 Nen» 0 534 The Fruit Garpejc. [Dec; Ui'w planted Fruit-trns Take care now of new planted fruit-trees, which were planted in this, or the two laft months, and let their roots be well fecured from froft, but particularly thofe of the capital kinds. This mull be done by laying mulch, or fome kind of dungy long litter, on the furface of the ground about the trees ; and let this be laid full as far, each way, as you think the roots extend. Support all new planted ftandard fruit-trees, where wanting, with ftakes ; in doing this, let a piece of hay-band be put round that part of the tree where it is to be faftened to the ftake. This prevents the bark of the tree from being rubbed ©fF when rocked by winds againft the flake. Management cf Fruit- tree Border s»^ Where any of the fruit-tree borders want manuring, tor frefh earth, this is now a very good lime to do that work, For that purpofe, get from a common or elfewherc, a quantity of good frefh loamy earth, if it can be had, and fome of the bell thoroughly rotten dung, mixing both well together. Let this be laid upon the border, dug in, and well worked up with the earth of the border. The fooner this is dene the better, for this drelTing will be of great fervice to the trees in general, as will be feen in a fummer or two after, but particularly fuch trees as are in a declining flate. The frefh earth, and the good rotten dung, will en- courage the trees furprifmgly, fo as to produce large fruit, and they will be fair and well tailed. In open weather, dig and prepare fuch borders, or other places, as are lo be planted with fruit trees ; for this being a leifurc time, that work can be done in a proper manner. In doing this work let thofe rules be obferved which we gave in the two preceding months. If any of the wall trees appear of a weak or fickly ftate, open the earth about the extreme roots, but not to difturb them generally, and then apply a compofl of frefh Dec] The Fruit Garden; 5-^5 frefh loamy foil, or other good earth, and rotten dung, immediately next to the principal roots, and towards their extreme parts, it will greatly enliven the growth of the tree the following year. ^ranfplant fruit Trees* Fruit trees of moft forts, may ftill be tranfplanted, provided the weather be open ; but if the weather be frofty that work muft be deferred till another opportunity. Let the fame methods of planting, diftance, &c. be obferved as in ihe two lall months, and in January and February t Sec. Prune Goo/eh erries and Currant-trees* Continue to prune goofeberry and currant-trees ; and obferve the fame method of keeping the branches thin, and at regular diitances, as direfted in the former months. In thefe trees fuifer no branches to remain that grow acrofs the others ; and fuch as grow in a Ibaggling manner ihouid alfo be removed, or ihortened, asitfnali feem moft proper ; cut out all dead wood, and very old branches, and keep the heart of the trees open. (See OSloher and January* Let all luckers from the roots of thefe ihrubs be alfo entirely cleared away. Flant Goof eh erries and Currant-trees, Goofeberry and currant-trees may ftill be tranfplant- ed into places where they are wanting ; and this may be done any time in the month when open weather. Let thefe fhrubs where they are to be planted round the quarters of the garden, be fet about feven or eight feet dillant from one another. But for the diiferent orders of planting thefe Ihrubs, See Odobery January^ and February^ Sec, Propagate Goofeberry and Currant-trees, This is ftill a proper time to plant cuttings of goofe- berries and currants, to raifc a fupply of young trees; the method of preparing and planting them is mention- A a 4 ed 5^6 The Pleasure, ^r [Dec, ed ia Oilober and the laft month,; alfo In January and February. Note, Goofeberry and currant-trees may, very eafily, be raifed by fuckers from the roots, of which thefe trees never fail to fend up every year abundance ; and will make handfome buflies, and will bear plenty of good fruit not inferior to thofe raifed from cuttings ; See January^ Sec, Prune Raf^bcrries, Prune rafpberrles, where it was not done in 0(5lober or laft month : in pruning thefe, the fame method is> now to be obferved as in the laft months. Plant Ra/pberries. Now is alfo a pretty good time to plant rafpberries ; provided it be open weather ; the manner of preparing^ thefe plants, and planting them> is alfo as mentioned in the former months. ' Examine the Fruit in the Fruitery. Examine the fruit In the fruitery now pretty often j let them be looked over with good attention once or twice every week ; and let all fuch as are rotten, or be- ginning to rot, be removed ; for if thefe were permitted to lie, they would foon taint all the found fruit near them, ■ ~ Continue conftantly a good covering of clean ftraw, at leaft a foot thick, over the fruit ; and fecure the windows of the fruit room, from the admiflion of wet and froft. Pleasure or Flower Garden. General care of Flonver plants, TAKE care now to prote6l the choice flower plants and roots from froft, great fnows, and heavy rains; all of which would damage many forts of cu- rious roots and plants. Care Dec] Flower Garden. §^'/ Care of Auriculas. The choicer kinds of auricula plants, in pots, muH now be well defended in very wet weather, great ihows, and hard frofts. If thefe plants are placed in frames, as was directed two months ago, let the glaffes be kept conftantly over ■ them in bad weather; or if they are in a bed under, hoops, let mats or canvas be drawn over them in fuch weather, or in default of ftielters, lay the pots down on one fide, if not done laft month. But when the weather is mild and dry, let the plants < be conftantly uncovered. Carnation Layers. The carnation layers of the curious forts, v/hlch are in pots, fhould alfo be covered in hard rain, fncw, and fevere frofts ; but thefe plants mull have the free air conftantly when the weather is open and not very wet. Protesting Hyacinths, Tulip-roots, Anetnones, and Ranun- cuht/Jes, The bed wherein the fine hyacinths and tulip roots are placed, fhould, when the weather is fevere, be co- vered, to prevent the roots from being damaged. For that put pole either cover with mats, or providc- fome kind of long dry litter, peas.-ftraw, fern, or fuch like, and, when the froft difcovers to fet in hard, lay a. tolerable warm covering over the furface of the beds; but when the weather is lefs fevere, the covering muft be removed. Where any of thefe plants appear above ground the beds fhould be arched over with hoop?;> and fome large and thick mats be get ready to draw over them in hard weather. See January and Fcbruury. The more curious and valuable ranunculuses and anemones, which, are planted in beds, fliould alfo have fome proteftion when the froft is fevere ; by coverin"-. the beds with litter, or mats, &c. See January, Care of Seedling Plants,: Small young or tender feedling fiovver plants, orrootSj alfo demand care at this unfavourable, fcafoa. A a 5 Such 538 T H E P%L E A S U R E, or [DcC. Such as are in pots, or boxes, may now, if not done before, be proteded fomewhat by placing the pots, tubs, or boxes, in a warm border; or may alfo plunge them in the earth, and in hard froll, litter may be laid on the furface, and around the fides; the fame pro* tedion of covering, may alfo be given to fuch as are iti beds. Prote^ing Nenx) -planted Shruhs, New-planted fhrubs, and trees of the more tender, or choicer kinds fhould have their roots well protedled in hard frolly weather, by laying mulch or long dungy lit- ter a good thicknefs on the furface of the ground over the roots of each plant. This work is fo neceflary to fuch of the more tender and curious kinds of fhrubs and trees as were planted in autumn, that it Ihould not be omitted now, if it was in the former month. Pruning Shrubs, atrd Dig betnx:een them. Now go over the flowering Ihrabs, and prune all fuch as ftand in need of that difcipline ; but let this be done in a Ikilful manner, with a knife, and not with garden fheers. In doing this, all the very ftrong long rambling Ihoots of the laft fummer's growth extending confiderably be- yond the general branches of the head, fhould be taken off quite clofe, or reduced to regularity ; and where the branches are crowded let fome be thinned out in a regular manner. AH very ftraggling branches Ihould be taken off or Ihortened ; wherever they appear. Every plant Ihould be pruned in fuch order, as it may iland clear of another; never fuffering the branches of different fhrubs to intermix with each other, for that fpoils the beauty of all. When the fhrubs are all pruned, let the ground be dug between the plants ; and as you go on, take up all fuckers, and fhorten flraggling roots. Propagating Shrubs by Suckers from the Rooti, The fuckers of fuch fhrubs as you would wifh to propagate may be taken up with care, and planted in row* Dec] Flower-Garden. 539 rows in an open fpot, where fome will make good plants in two years. The fuckers of rofes, lilacs, fpiroea, and many oth»er forts muft be taken up from the old plants in open wea- ther, and be planted out in rows, fifteen inches afun- der; fome will make handfome plants in one or two years time. Preparing Ground for planting. Now dig, when the weather will permit, the bor- ders, and all fuch places where any kind of fhrubs, trees, or plants, are to be planted. Tran/planting, Tranfplanting may ftill, in open weather, be con- tinued among all the hardy kinds of flowering fhrubs and foreft- trees. But if any of the more tender and curious forts are planted, it is advifable to mulch the ground over the roots to keep out the froil. See November and January, Roll Grafs and Gravel Walks, In mild v/eather let the grafs walks and lawns be- poled and rolled once a week at leaft. Let the gravel walks be alfo kept very clean, and roll them now and then in dry open weather. Preparing Compofi. Break up and turn the heaps of comport, for curious flowers, in pots, &c. obferving to mix the parts well together. At this time you fhould alfo bring in frefli ingredients to make new compoft heaps, for thefe fhouid always lie-- the beft part of a year before they are ufed for any pur- pofe; the principal compofls, for choice flowers, being any light nch earth, feafand, light fandy loam and a fmall portion of dry rotttd dung ; all well blended together. The Care of Plants in Pots* Take good care now of all fuch hardy fhrubs as are in pots. To protedl the roots of the fhrubs the better from froft, let the pots, if not done before, be plunged 10 their rims in a dry warm fpot. And 540 The Pleasure Garden. Dec] And the more tender and curiou9 kinds, fuch as ar- butus, cillus, Sec. fhould be placed in deep frames to have occafional fheltej of covering in frofty weather. Likewife the pots of double rockets, double rofe- campion, double fcarlet lychnis, double fweet-vvilliams, and all other hardy perennial fi'Drous-rooted plants in pots, fhould, where not done laft month, be, the be* ginning of this, plunged to their rims in a dry warm ipot of ground. By plunging thefe plants in the earth it prevents the froft entering the fides of the pot to hurt their roots; and in very hard frofts it v^'ill be proper to lay fome dry long litter over all their tops ; but this muil always be taken immediately off when the froft is lefs fevere. Where there are any frames to fpare, the pots with the above fibrous-rooted plants may be placed in them, and defended occafionally, with glaiTes or other covering. Prime Foreji-trees. It is now a proper time to prune all forts of foreft and ornamental trees where neceflary, obferving to trim up all large fide fhoots and boughs from the ftem, and low ftraggling under branches of the head, for that may be performed in frofty weather when, little other bufinefa can be done., Plant and Plajh Hedges, This is a proper time to plant any forts of hedges of t}}p deciduous kinds particularly : fuch as hawthorn, beech, elm, elder, horn-beam, berberry, blackthorn or floe ; procure young fets of two or three years old from the nurfery, and plant them fix or eight inches afunder in the row : alfo plant alder, willow and poplar hedges, in moift, or watery fituations, either by planting fmall cuttings, or large truncheons a yard or two long, parti- cularly the willow and alder. Hedges for outward fences are commonly, either planted in the fide or top of a raifed bank formed with a ditch on the outfide. Where hedges are grown up lude, and ihin or naked at bottom, they fhould now be plalhed, or laid down in fuch a iiaanner as tq render them thick IB every part. Tht. [ 541 ] Th e • N u r s e r y. CONTINUE in open weather to dig the ground between the rows of trees and fhrubs ; take caVe, of the roots of the plants, and let all weeds be buried properly. Carry dung alfo to fuch plants as want' it, and fpread it of an equal thicknefs over the furface of the ground. Nenv planted Trees, Continue the care of the tender kinds of new-planted, trees ; where they were not mulched in November, let fome now be laid between the rows, and about their ilemsj, to protedl the roots from being hurt by fevere froft. i Let the Hems of all new-planted tall trees be now, properly fupported with Hakes, where it was omitted iii, the former month. Seedling Trees* Take care alfo of the tender feedling exotics ; they,^ while young, require fome Ihelter in fevere weather. Let thefe be now protected in hard frofts, in the man- ner diredled laft month, but never fuifer the covering;, of any kind to remain a day longer than there is an ab- folute occafion. The beds of tree feeds, berries and acorns, which were fown in Odlober, or the beginning of lall month, would be greatly benefited if in rigorous frofty weather they could be covere ing flate at an improper time; to prevent which, thft. greateft care (hould be taken,, until they have acquired fuch a proper degree of growth as to be able to produce- handfome fized fruit, which they are not capable of un- til they are two years old ; at which age they (hould; be placed in the fruitlng-houfe, or where, it is intended: they ihall produce their fruit-. The pines and other plants in the hot-houfe will flill* require to be now and then watered i '.' ■ ' But in watering them, efpecially the pines, take care to do it moderately, and not oftener at this feafon than* about once a week. When there happens to come a fine funny calm day,, it will be proper to admit fome frefh air into the hot-- houfe, by Hiding fome of the glaffes' a little way open ; but be fure to Ihut them again ixi due. time, and efpe- cially if the weather alters. Xoiing Pine Plants, Thofe young pine plants which are plunged in dung- or bark-beds made in the open air, muft have a very careful attendance at this feafon ; the heat of, the bed mull be duly kept, up by applying a lining of new^ horfe-dung to the fid6s, as often as the bed deereafes- much in its heat. The glafles alfo muft be covered every night, in bad. weather, with mats or ftraw ; and fome flraw or other dry litter fhould likewife be laid clofe round about the. outfides of the fram?.. Early 54^ The Ho T-Hoir sE. [Dec. Eafly Kidney -heans, in the Hoi-houfe, In the beginning, or any time in this month, you may plant feme kidney-beans in pots or in boxes, and place them in the hot-houfe ; by which means they wiH yield their produce at an early and acceptable time. 't\i& method of planting them is mentioned in January^ Early Cucumbers in the Hct-boufe, You may likewife fow fome cucumber feed in pots and plunge them into the bark in the hot-houll^, and the plants may be trapfplanted into boxes ; this may be done for a trial ; which, if they fucceed, will come in at a very early feafon. 1 have obferved, that cucumber plants fucceed rather bell in the hot-houfe, when the boxes wherein they grow are ere^ed within a foot or eighteen inches of the top glafs ; and toward, the higheft or back parts, juft or nearly over the back alley. But, however, where this cannot be conveniently done, let the boxes be placed in the manner mentioned in January y Early Rcfes^ tffc. and in the Hot-hou/e* You may likewife, any time in this or next month, place pots of rofe-trees in the hot-houfe ; and alfo ho- neyfuckles, and fuch other fmall ihrubs as you defire, by way of curiofity, to blow early. See January and "Behruary, Early Pinks, in the Hot-houfe, Pots of pinks, carnations or any other fuch like kinds of flowers, may alfo be placed in the hot-houl^ towards the latter end of this month, to produce fom^ early flowers. Early Bulbous, and Tuberous fio^-wers in the Hot-houfe, Likewife may introduce pots or boxes planrcd with fpring blowing bulbous and tuberous rooted flowers in the hot-houfe, for an early bloom. For this purpofe may have the dwarf early tulips, any fort of hyacinths, polyanthus^— narciflTus, common narciflTus, jonquils, fpring-crocus, and any other of the fpring and early fummer flowering bulbs. Likewife anemones, and ranuncul«s,«&c. plant theni la Dec] Th*e Hot-House. 547 in pots of light earth, an inch deep, and place them any where in the hot-houfe, give very moderate water- ings, and they will blow agreeably at an early feafon. Vines in the Hot-houfe, Grape vines planted along the outfide of the front of the hot-houfe, three feet fix inches afunder, and the ftem, or main fhoot being left of fome confiderable length, and condudted through a hole in the upright wood work in front, int© the hot-houfe, where being trained up the infide and under the floping glafles, they will bear fine early grapes, with but very little trouble. They will only require an annual pruning early in win- ter, and a fummer dreffing, to regulate the fhoots of the year : each as directed for the vines in the open ground. Preparing for forcing fruit-trees in hot nualls, ^c. In this month you may begin to prepare for forcing fruit trees in hot walls, vineries, cherry houfes, and other forcing departments by fire, or bark bed, &c. or both, to produce early fruit ; and the forts of trees for this pur- pofe, are peaches, neftarines, apricots, cherries, vines, figs, and occafionally goofeberries, currants, rafpberries, and alfo ftrawberry plants. Obferving the trees of all the above forts may now be planted, if not done before, in the border of the forcing departments, and fome alfo in pots to remove therein occafionally : and for which purpofe have already trained trees, that are arrived to a bearing ftate, which may be obtained in great perfeftion in moll of the public nur- feries ; generally plant a principal fupply of wall-trees againft the back wall, and fome againft the upright front glaffes, ten feet afunder; having a trellis of flight thin railing, &c. eredled, on which to train the branches of the trees in regular order; and plant alfo fome in fmall headed ftandards, both as dwarfs, half and full ftandard trees, efpecially duke cherries. Towards the end of this month, put on all the glafles of thefe forcing departments, to defend the trees from the weather, preparatory to forcing, which may be com- menced the middle or latter end of January, by making fires in the different forcing places, or by back-bed or dung heat, in a pit within fide ; or by hot dung applied to the outfide of the back wall, &c. A LIST I T O F shru.es and trees, Cultivated in mofl of the common Nurseries in E N G L A N D ; for the furnifhing Noblemen and" Gentlemen's Gardens and Plantations. Firil of the deciduous kinds, which are thcfe that ihed their Leaves in Winter, Talkr growing deciduous Shrubs and Trees. '*^^ Thetripple thorncd Water. ^Jh^ common flowering Manna, White American. Swamp, Cratagusy mountain afii. Maples, early budded, A(h leaved, Scarlet flowering, Norway, Sir Charles Wager's, American mountain, Montpeljer, With feme -other varieties, }Jornteam, common, Virginia hop, American flowering, Eaftern. Medlar Great Dutch, Nottingham or Englifh, Nevr England. Chefnuti, Spiniflj fweet. Striped leaved Spanifh. Chejnut, the horfe, commoo. Scarlet flowering, Yellow, W^lnutSi common, Virginia black, French, Large furrowed, Jii'^cory, fweet. Large, Btrch, common, Canada. Sugar. Beech, common, American. Sycamore, plain leaved. Stripe leaved. Plane, oriental, O cidental, of Virginia, Spanifh or middle; Larch, common, American black, Siberian Laburnupif A LIST OF PLANT^S. 549 Laburnum, cotnmon, Scotch, Striped-leaved". Liquid- Amber, fweet gum. Lacy or varnifh tree, Litne, common, Red twigged, Penfylvanian, Cyprefiy deciduous American, Catalpa. Foplarsy black, White, Carolina poplar, Afpen-tree, Abele-tree. Lombardy Poplar Arbor Judce, European, American. Alder, common, Parfley leaved, Dwarf mountain. Gold ftriped, Silver ftriped, American late flowering. Elm, Engliih fmall leaved, Dutch, French, Wych B'.oatch-leaved, IlamameHsf American wuch bazeU Perfamon Plum, European. Service, wild, - . True, or manured. Arbutus leaved, ■ American. Oak, Englifh, Chefnut leaved. Red mountain. Willow leaved. Scarlet, Carolina fwamp, Saflafras leaved, Champaigne dwarf, Bl.^ck, White, Oriental, with prickly cups, Italian, the cut leaved, With fome other varieties, Tacamahacca, or balfam-trec Deciduous Shrubs of lefTer Growth, ' jOGNUS Cajlus, or chafte tree. Narrow leaved. Broad leaved. Almond, common, White flowering. Early dwarf Angle flower, Double dwarf, Althea FrUtex, ftriped. Red, White, Blue, Purple, Pheafants eye. Andromeda, ftriped. Evergreen. Ara/ia, or angelica tree, , Azalea, with red flowers, White. Berberry, common, red fruit, Stonelcfs, red fruit. White fruit. 'Bladder Nut, three leaved. Five leaved. Broom, the Spanifli, Double flowering, Yellow Portugal, White Portugal, Luca. Cephalanthis, button wood. Bramble, flowering, American upright. White fruited. Dwarf, Maiden. Viburnum, or way- faring tree, Common, Stripe leaved, American broad leavetJ, With black fruits Halefa. Tupelo. Empctrum, black berried heath. Lycium, box thorn. Chionaiuhm, the fringe, or fnow- drop tree. Laurujilnus, the deciduous, African fly honeyfuckle. '., Melia, the bead tree. Xanth«xylum, tooth-ach tree. • Lavender^ the common. Broad leaved, or lavender fplke^ Canary, . i : Gak, $s» A L 1ST OF PLANTS, Cale, Of fwcet willow, Sftraa, fpiraea frutex^ Common red^ Scarlet, White. Scorphn Seng', Smi/ax, broad leaved, Bloatched leaved. SyringCy common, Dwarf, double flowers. Sumach fear let. Large downy, Virginia, White, Elm leaved. Myrtle leaved, Lentifcus leaved, Carolina. toxicodendron^ poifon tree, Afh leaved. Oak leaved. lamdrtjki the French, German. SaJTafroi. Pijiacbia, Jamaica birch4 mihert, Maxel. yefuUs Bark-trte, Frangttht berry bearing alder. Honeyfuckle, early red Italian, Early white Dutch, Late red. Late Dutch, Long blowing, Large fcarlet trumpet, Small trumpet. Oak leaved, Ruffian, yajjm'we, the common white, Common yellow, Italian, With gold ftriped leaves. Silver ftriped leaves, Uydrangia, white flowers* Hypericum Frutex, 6vnxf, Broad leaved, Narrow leaved, HyperUvm, or St. John** wort. Shrubby, Canary, Dwarf, Arubky ftinking, Broad leaved, caftem* lAlac, blue, White, Purple, or Scotch. Lilacy Perflan, with cut leaves, Perfian, plain leaved, white flowered. Perfian blue flowered. Jvy, fjlver ftriped. Gold ft'iped, Deciduous, or Creeper Robinla, or falfe acacia. The common, Yellow flowered. Scarlet flowering, orrofe acacia, Caragana. Lcn'ueraf upright honeyfuckle, Red berried, Virginian, Tartarian. St. Peter* t worti Mezereon, the white) Early red. Late red, Purple. Kidney Bean Tree, Barba Joviti bafi:ard indigo, Memjpermum, nfioon-feed. OUaJier^ wild olive. Feacbf double flowering} Privet, common, Silver ftriped. Yellow bloatched leayei, Paliurusy Chrift's thorn. Prinos, winter berry. Periploca, Virginia filk. Flartula Jovis, blue. White. liea. Pteka, or American fhrub trefoils Jtbantnus, or buckthorn, Common, Sea buckthorn. Creeping evergreen. Yellow berried. Rsfpherry, the flowering. Candleberry Myrtle^ Broad leaved. / Long leaved. Fern leaved, Oak leaved, Cherry, the double bloflbmed. Cornelian, Dwarf Canada. Cnctygria, or Venetian fumul^* Cinquefoil Shrub, Co/utea, or bladder ^sr, The common, Priental A LIST OF PLANTS. SSi Oriental, Ethiopiaa* Pocock's. Cktbra, white flowering, Dwarf. CaJJiobciry Bup. Bigmnia, trumpet flower. Great flowered Virginian, LeiTer flowered. Benjamin- tree, Euonymut, fpindle'tree, or prick- wood. The common. Broad leaved, American broad leaved: Cytijfus Secuniut, Dor Wtodt the common, Virginia, Great flowering, Newfoundland. Cutlder-rofe, rhe common, Double, or fnow-ball, Carolina, Gold bloatched leaved. Currant leaved, ThoTHi, double flowering Glaiiunbury, Cockfpur hawthorn, Lord Iflay*s haw, Virginian maple leaved, Goofeberry leaved. VAxtroltj the greater, Carolina Tazerole, Pyracantha leaved^ Arbutu! leived. t^tapoUtan MfdltWf Dwarf medlar, Btfard H^ince. MeJpUui, the fpring flowering, Lady Hardwicke's flirub. Willetoi, weeping. Yellow Putch, White Dutch, Bay -leaved fweet^ Striped palm. Cehii, or nettie-tree, Black fruited, Yellow fruited. fear trtCf with d< ub!c flower$. Twice fluwering pear. Bird Cherry^ the common, Clufter, Carolina, %irtp'trtt, fiafiaia, Carolina all vA Lis*r'6T 'Evergreen Shrubs and Trees, new cultivated in moft of^the Nurferles in England,^ as ornamental Plants for the Decoration of Noble- men's and Gentlemen's Gardens, Ea^ks, 5cc. Fiffti . o.f* the taller Evergreens. ^RBOR Vita, common, China, ^.■-. . ' American, ^4rbutusy the flrawberfy tree, Common, Double floyyering,' Red flowering. Eaftern, or Andrackna. Cedar:, Virginia red, Virginia white, ^ OfGo3, ,-, Pbccnicia, Lycia. Cedar ofLehanus, Cork tree, ^yprejsy comn;on, '" Malta, Male fpreading, Portugal. Firs, deftinguiftied'from the Pines by having the leaves coming out feparate or fingly , and rf which are the following forts. Common fpruce, Red fpruce, "White fpruce, Black fpruce, Silver fir, Balm of Gilead fir. Hemlock. Tine-tree', having the leaves rifing by two, three, or five, toge- ther from the fame point; confifting of the following. Scotch pine, commonly called Scotch fir, hath two leaves to- gether, and fmall cones, ^ Pinafter, with two leaves toge- tTier, and cones feven or eight inches long, • Stone or manured, pine having two leaves and cones four or five inches long, WeymoBth, or New England, with fmooth bark, and five long leaves, Frankincenfe or three-leaved, with very large loofe cones. Swamp, or three-leaved marih American, with very long leaves. Jerfey, or two-leaved Virginia, Siberian S:one pine, with five fmooth leaves. Three-leaved Virginia, Prickly-coned, three -leaved b.af- tard Virginia, Aleppo, with two narrow leaves, and very low fpreading branches, Clufter, Fcx-tail, Dwarf mount4n. ' K'jUy, common green, Variegated and flrlped, many varieties, Carolina dahoon holly, MognoUa, laurel leaved, s, Lfiffer bay leaved. Laurels, common, Portugal, Alexandrian. Oak, the evergreen, Kermes, Holm, or holly leave4, Gall bearing, Tc-M'treei Of A LIST OF PLANTS. 553 Of Evergreen Shrubs. j^LJTERNUS, ccmmon. Bloatched leaved. Jagged kavedj ^>la)n, Jagged h-av-'-i, fttiped^ Silver ftiiped, Gold ftripcd. C:/}:is, or rock rofe, Ciimciftus, with fpolted flowers, With plain white flower:-, Purple fage leaved, Male, with long hoary leaves, Male Portugal, Bny leaved gum. With hairy willow Ifi.cs, Black poplar leaved, Waved 1 leaved, Purple, or true gum cillus of Crete, With fume other varielicc, Cjtifus. Neapolitan, Canary, Siberian Jind Tartarian. Corov.illa narrow leaved. Broad leaved. Enonyv-us, evergreen Virc,inii, "Juripen^ common, Swediili, Sclavonian, Canada. Hiirttvort of Ethiopia , Horfe tall, flirubby. Hoveyfuckk, evei green, Kahna^ oilve leaved. Broad leaved, Thyme leaved, Launijilnus, common, B cad, or Hiining leaved| Rough leaved, Oval leaved, Bay^ broad leaved, Narrow leaved, Spurge, or woud laurel. Knee Holm, knee holly, or butcher' broom. Phi/lyreaf jthe true, Broad leaved, Privet leaved, Piicicly leaved, Olive leaved, Cold edged, Silver edged, Rofemary leaved, Pr'tiwt, eveigrcen Italian, Gold and filver ftriped. Purjlatic-trc fiirubby purflane. rhliut'n, or Jerijfalem I'a^e, Narrow leaved. Broad leaved, PJe, the evergreen. Rh(j~:'oi^c!j^'-cn, d'^arf rofs bay* i>r-viNf ccmcion. Striped leaved. Silver ftriped. Stone Crsp Shrub, Virg'tiua Groundjel- t'yfr, Geitnandcr Skruhiy, o; C'tfe, yafmlne, Italian. Lotus cf M'jittpelier . Pvfacjfitha. Mfdlcago, moon tie foil. BigrQfiia, the evergreen. luifan, or park leaves. Eag "joorty the fca. Wormivoody the lavender leaved. /z^, common, Stri.ed leaved, Virginian. List of fuch Trees and Shrubs that may he raif- ed from Seed, and whofe Seeds may be procured at the great Seed Shops, and of many of the Nur- fery- Gardeners about London, &c. jiRBUlUS, or ftrawberry-trcc, ^ndrachnte^ Srhubby, Aff^, common, American white. black, B b Manna. A LIST OF PLANTS. 554 Mansa. ^py, the mountain, Angelica tree ■ ^Ithaafrutrex. Accc'ia, three thorned, Andromeda arboreal or Carolina forrel-tiee, Caliculated, JVIaryland, Paniculated, But the three latter propagate pretty plentifully by fuckers. AnJromeda, the evergreen; Anona, hardy papaw, Common. Arlor •vita, commoo Chinefe. Arbor Juda» Bay, common. Benjamin-tree. Boy-lohklly. Laurel, commoni Portugal, Bladder-nut. Brocm, yellow SpaniHi, Silvery, or white Spanifh, White Portugal, Beech, common. A^alen, red, Wh5te. B'lgnor.ia, fcarlet. Yellow, Catalpa. Bladder-fen-ty common, Pococlc's, Scarlet. Bircb, common. Black Virginia, Lenta. Cl/ius, or rock-rofe, Red or purple, all the forts. White, all the forts, Cretan, oi true gum ciftus of the Levant, with deep purple flowers, Willow-leaved gum ciftus, with large white flowers and purple fpots, With all the other fpccies* ^filfnondt fweet. Bitter, Celajirus, ft a ff- tree, Cajfwe, Cyfrefs, female, or common up- right. Male fpreading) Portugal, Dwarf Majyland, Deciduous. Hornbeam, commo'n. Hop. Cherry, cornelian. Clethra. Dog-ivood, broad leaved. Red ftalked, Canada, Cytifm, evergreen, Secundus Clufii, Tartarian, Nigricans, or black, Laburnum, common. Long fpiked. Candle-berry Myrtle, broad leaved. Evergreen. Mezereon, red. White. Lilac. Snotvdrop tie?. Chamarkododcndron* E'/iorymous, broad leaved, Climbing. Mulberry, tree. Maph-, fcarlet, Norway, Sugar, Sycamore. VAz.arole, large. Dwarf, Canada, Pvracantha, JViedhr. Haivthorn, Nettle tree- Magnolia, laurel leaved. Sweet fcentedj Blue, Umbrella. Bfji Harroiv. PLne tree, oriental, 0>c'dental, Spanifli. Rfibirh. falfe acacia. Larch, common, Ani'.nciin bhck: Cedar of 1 tbanuu Oak Er.Jifh, American black, ■■ — w h te, ■ — fcarlet, Chiimpaigne, Cat Icaverf, Willow A LIST OF PLANTS, 555 Willow leaved. Dwarf. ^'vergreen Oak, common, Cork-tree. Lime tree, common, American. _ • Bird cherry, Penfylvanian, Bi- d cherry, Carolina, Walnut, Englifh, L'-rge French, American, Hiccory, the thin fiielled, thick fhelled. Shag baric- Holly, common, Carolina broach leaved. Juniper, common, Swcdiih, Spanish, Italia-fi. Cedar of Virginia, red. White. Kalmia, broaJ leaved, Ihyme leaved, Olive leaved, Chefriuts, Sipaniih, Chirqn, p n. Hcrfe Chcjnuti, common. Scarlet. Liquid ai7:ber. .Hyp'Hu/m, £utro!i-ii-ood tree, Taoth ach trcs. Poplar tree. Privet Sptraafrutex, '■Tupe'o trte4 liakfia. Kidney bean tree, Carolina, Te%u. Sccrflor. [ena. Pines, Si.oi.ch, commonly called Scotch fir, Weymouth pine, Stone, Frankincenfe, Pineafter or wild, Jcrley, Swamp, Viffjinia three leaved Aleppo, Piickly leaved, Mugho, Cenibro, Firs, Calm of Gilead. Silver, Black fpruce. Hemlock fpruce, Wiijtc fu'viice, Red. Sup-ach, Carolina^ Su^'s horn. Pijhcia. Viburnum. PerfMon Pluui. Pcttu^ranate. Whiter Berry. Tidip'tne. Horeyfucklcs, Jchnfonia. Cephalentk'Ji. Rofes. CratagHs, or wild fervict> Common, Mapie leaved, Cocsfpur haw, Virginia I'azerole, Azarolus, Meffilus, the medlar. A List of Fruit Trees, &c. being a chofen col- leilion of the beft Sorts of their feveral Kinds j mentioning only fuch as merit Culture, &c. APPLES, Jennetlng^orjune eating Codlin, Margaret apple. Golden pippin, Kentifli p'ppin, Kolh^nd, ditto. Konpareil, Royal ruflet, Vy'y.f er's njfl'et, Golien ruflet, Du'c'^ c rdlin, B b z KentiA 556 A LIST OF PLANTS. Kentifh codlin, Cat's head. Gulden rennet, French pippin, Winter pearmain. Loan's pearmaiu, Cluf^er pearmain, Spencer's pippin, Scarlet pearmain, Fearn's pippin, Lemon pippin. Winter greening. White coftin, Aromatic rulTet, Queening, the winter, . _ tjie fummer, Calvel, red. White ditto, Margate, Flanders pippin, Kirkin, or kirton pippin. Winter greening. Stone pippin, MafgiUe, Praife worthy, Italian apple. None fuch. Kitchen rennet. Pearsy little mufcat> Green chiflel, Catherine, Jargonelle, CuifTe madame, Windfor,- Grofle bUnquette, Beury de roy, White beury. Winter beury, Grofle mufcat, Autumn mufcat, Orange bergamot, Hamden's bergamot, Autumn ditto. Great rufTolet, Winter boncretien, Summer boncretien. Spanifti ditto, Autumn ditto, Meflieur Jean, La Marquife, Devionett, Winter ruflblet, Crefan, Colmar, Vergoleufe, St. Germain, Lent, St. Germain, Swan egg, Chaumoiitelle. Baking Pearsi black pear of Wor- cefter, Parkin Ton's warden, Uvedale's, St. Germain, Double flower, Cadilhc. Plurfis. green gage, Orleans, Early Morocco, Drop d'or, White bonum magnum. Red bonum magnum, or impe- rial. Royal dauphin, Perdrigon, blue, ■ — white. Queen mother, Fotheringham, . Roche corbon. La royal, Apricot plum. Azure hative, or blue gage. Peaches, nut-meg red, White, ditto, Early Anne, Red Magdalen, White, ditto, Nivette, Noblefs, Early Newington, Old Newington, French mignone. Admirable, Chancellor, Millet's mignone. Incomparable, Belle garde, Royal George, Pavie royal, Bourdlne, Montauban, Violet, Hemflcirk, Catharine, Portugal, jifr'tcotSf early mafculine* Turky, Bruflels, Roman, Breda, Orange A LIST OF PLANTS Orange, Algiers, Royal, Tranfparent, Neirar'mesj early nutmeg, Newington, Red Roman, Violet, Scarier,- Eiruge, Temple, Brunion, Italian, Cbernesy early May,. May dukes. Arch-duke, Harrifon's duke. White heart, Bleeding heart, Adam's crown heart, Ox heart, Turkey, Amber,- Kcntiili, Flemifh, Portugal, Morelia, €nroun. Wild black, Wild red. Tlgiy common blue, Early long blue, Large white, Large Genoa, Brunfwick, MarfelUes, Cyprian, Brown ifchJa, Brown Malta. CrapeSi white fvv€«t watery Black fweet water. Black July, Black clufter, White mufcadine. White cryftal, Black Mufcadine, Black Burgundy, While Chaffelas, Front' niac, red, black, white, Claret, Red Hamburgh, Black Hamb-ugh* Miilherneif the black. 557 MulherrieSy the white. But the black foit Is beft for general culture. Medlar Sf the Dutch. Nottingham, or Englifll. Sluince, the Portugal, Apple quince, Pear quince. WalnutSy the thin fhelled, French, Double, Late. Chejnuts, the manured, or Spanifh fweet. Fii6erts, large red fkinned filbert. White fkinned, Common hazle nut, Barcelona nut, large; Cob nut, very large, Clutler nut, Bvzantinc nut, GooJ'eberries, fmall early red. Smooth green, Hairy gre-n, Lirge Dutch red, Common haiiy red. Black, Large yellow, Large amber, CunantSy common red, Champaign red. Large white, or grape. Common white, Black, Rafpberryy red fruit. White fruit. Double bearing, producing fruit twice in the fummer, Stra'wberriesy the fcarlet. The red wood. White wood, Hautboy, Chili, very large fruit, Large Carolina, Pine apple ftrawberry, with green fruit, and red fruit, both of a rich flavour. Alpine prolific, or everlafling ftrawberry, called fo from its long bearing, which is com-- monly from June till Novem- ber; and,if mild weather, till near Chriflmas. Two forts, the red and the white. B b A List 558 A LIST OF PLANTS. A List of the principal hardy Perennial andfeiennlal Flower Plants, cultivated in England, as or- namental Plants for Pleafurc Gardens. JISTER, or ftar-wort, Largj bJue Alpine, Tradefcani's, or common ffar- v/ort, called Michaelmas ' daify, E.'rly Pyrennean, After J narifolius, or toad's Eax leaved. Blue Italian ftar-wort, Catefbi's ftar-wort. Dwarf narrow leaved ftar-wort; Midfummtr ftar-wort. Autumnal white ftar-wort, with broad leaves. Tripcltum, ftar-wort, Divarnated-branched, Virginia ftar-wortj with fpiked b ue flowers, ."Early l^rge blue ftar-wort, Rofe ftar wort, Lateft ftar-wurt, with narrow leares, and large, blue flowers, Tallef^, New England ftar-wort, Red flowering. There are feveral other fpcclcs 'f ftar-wort of iefs note. Aporynum^ do^'s-bane, Red flowering, Oiange coloured^ Syrian, Arum^ Italian, large veined leavec', A^c efias, fwaliow-wort, 'Wnite, Yellow. Aftragaiui, milk vetch. Al Jj'on, white, 'Yellow, Violet. Bachelor I But!on, Double red Dauble white Borage, the Eaftern, or Conftanti- n'.iple. DoihU ragged Robit. Campanula, or bell-flower, Double blue 2 ,hi,a,,ed, Powible white, J *^ iDouble blue and white nettle leaved. Pyramired, CaJ/ia of Maryland. Ca^nat'ioiii, or ^illiflowers^ Common fngle, Common double, Flakes, Bizars, Piquettes. P tinted ladf, The four laft are finely variega- ted d. uble fiowers, and of each many beautiful varieties, Binh, double pheafant's eye, Dobfon, Deptford, Cob, white. Red cob. White ftiock, Damafk, Mountain, Matted, Old man's head, Painted lady. Clove pink. Siueet William, the double led. Double purple. Double rofe. Double variegated. Common red. White, , Variegated or painte.d lady. Wall Tloiocri, double bloody. Double yellow. Double white, Single, of each colour. Stock Julyfloiven, the Brompton, double, Qneea A LIST OF PLANTS. Queen do ble, Purple double, "White double, Striped double, , Scarlet double, Sirii]le of each fort. Trench Honeysuckle, red. White. Tree Pr'w:rofe, broad leaved Redftalked, Dwarf. Lichmdea, early blue, Spotted (talked, with purple fpikes of flowers, Virginia, with large umbels. Low trailing purple, Carolina, with ftiff fhinlrg leaves, and deeper purple flowers. Cya/iai, broad leaved. Njrrow leaved, I,jch?ihf or champion, iiingle fcarlet lychnis, Double fcarlet lychnis, 'Roje campion, fingle. Double, Catchfly, with double flowers, Hepaticas, fingle- white, Single blue. Single red, Double red, Purple, with broadefl; leaves, Large yellow, Trailing flriped yellow. Many other varieties, with pur- ple, blue, and white flowers. Llnarla, toad flax, large fvveet fcented purple. Bee Lar.kjpur. Fra^inel/a, white, Red. Gentianla, great yellow, Gentianella, blue. Globulariay blue (Jaify, fox-gloie, red. White, Iron coloured. Perennial Sun-Jloiver, Double yellow. Cyclamen, red. White. Coldy Locks. Che lone, white. Red. LVy of the Valley, common, B b;^ 559 Doubitr fl A ring. Solomon^! Seal fingici Double.. Fi'apendula, or drop wort. Columbines, common blue, D iuble red. Double white. Double ftriped. Starry, double and Gngle, t'ariy flowering Canada. *ThaliBrum, feathered columbines. Pulfatilla, blue pafque flower, Hoilyhoch, double red. Double white. Double yellow, Orobus, bitter vetch. Saxifrage^ double white, Veromca, upright blue, Dwarf blue, Hun-^aiian, , Blufh. Golden Rod, many varieties, Faler'ui?:, red garden ,valcrian. White garden. Rudbekia, American fun- flower, Dwarf Virginia, with large yel- low fl )wers. Dwarf Carolina, with narrov/ red rcflcxed petals, and purpla florets. Virginia, with yellow rays and red fl)rets. Tall yellow, with purple flalks, and hcart-Zhaped leaves. Taller, with yellow flowers, and large five-lobed leaves, and thofe'on the ftalk lingle. Talleft yellow, with narrower leaves, which are aU of five lobes, puhnonar'ia, lung-v.'ort, Common, American. Monardu^ purple. Scarlet, Epbemeron, fpider-wort, or flower of a day, White, Blue. yacea, American knap-wecd, Primrofe, double yellow, Double fcarlet, White. Poly ambus J many varieties, jiurUulas^ «:6o ST OF PLANTS jiiirictilasy many varieties. Vio'etsy double biue, Double white. f^ic/et ihe major. London-pride, Or none-fo-pretty, £>ayLi/yi red. Yellow, Furi^aiory, ihe yellow, White, Bulbous rooted, American fiTked. j^conke, monk's- hcod, or wolf's- bane, Bluemonk.'s-hood, Yellow, V/hiie, Wbolfome wolf's-bane, KelleLere, or bear's foot, Conmon black hellebore, Green flowered. Chrijimai Rofe, J^y inter yiconite . Vmte HtMort. Geranium, crane's-bill, Bloody crane's-bill, Blu*", Roman, Bladder cupped. VaiJieSf common double red garden aaifis?, White, Double variegated, Cock's comb daifies, \wliite and red, Hen and chicken, white and red, Teruhf fennel giant, JRanunculufes, or crow-foot. Double yellow crow-foot, Double white mountain ranun- ' cuius, Eaftern, with a large yellow flower, Turky, or Turban ranunculus, with a large red flower. Perfian, innumerable varieties. Peony, double red. Double white, Double purple, Male, with large fingle ffower*, Sweet fmeliing Portugal, Double rofe coloured. Silpbium baftardchryfynthcmum. Jr/j, flower-de-luce, or fl^gs. The German violet coloured, Variegated, or Hungarian, pur- ple and yellow, Chakedonian iris. Greater Dalmatian iris; There are feveral other varieties of irife?, all very hardy plants. Cardinal Fhiver, fcarlet, Blue. IRocketi, double white. Balm ofGilead, fweet fcentedi E-verlajUng Pea. Eupatorium, feveral varieties, Scabmu, purple. White. Erifigo, blue, White. Mountain, purple, an'i violet There are fome other varieties. Snap Dragon^ or calf's fnout, Red, White, Variegafet?, Mcth Muliirfi, Clary, purple topped, Yellow glutinous, White, Blue, There are feveral other varietic* jingelica. AjphodeluSy king's fpear. Lupins, perennial, blue flowered. Ononis, reft harrow. Large yellow flower. Tradejcantia. A List of fuch Biennial and Perennial Flower Plants as may be raifed from Seed, and which merits Places in Gardens as ornamental Plants. the bloody, WALL FLOWERS^ double and fingle. Common yellow, double. Single, White. Stock CUUJio'werSi the Brompton, The A LIST OF PLANTS. 5^1 The queen, White, Purple, Scarlet, Stripeii. Stveei JVilliams, the painted ladjr, Deep red. Common variegated. Indian Pink double and fingle, Carnetion. .d\fi'erent varieties, arifing from feed. Pinks. Rofe Campion^ fingle. Sc.ir/tt Lycbnls. the fingle. Valerian i the Greek White, Red. Ber Larkfpur, the blue, Purple. Tre; Primrcfe. Fox -glove, the red. White, Iron coloured. French Honeyjuckle^ the red White. HcUyhocksy the red, Y 'low. White, Rockets, Canterbury hells, the blue White, Snap-Dragon, Feronicasy the Hungarian^ . The Wellh Long fp'ked Honcjiy, or fattin flower Columbinesy the double ftriped,many varieties arifing from fted. Canada columbines. Campanula^ the pyramidal with blue flowers. Common, or peach-leaved, with blue flowers, The feilovv, Large ^eliowr, B b 5 Crocus, 562 A LIST OF PLAN T S, Yellow with black ftripes, Whire, White, with blue ftripes, Blu?, with white ftripes, Dcfp blue. Light blue. White, with purple bottom, Scotch, or black and v/hite ftriped, Cream coloured. Autumnal fuivenng Crocus, of the fullowing vaiieties, True fafFrcn crocus, with bluei/h flower, and golden fligma, which is the faflVon. Common autumnal crocus, with deep bine flowers. With light blue flowers Many Powered, Snoiv-Drcf>y the fmall fprlngflow- crir.g. Common Angle, Double. Lcticoium, or great fummer-fnow drop. Great fummer fnow-drop, with angular ftjlks,a foot high, and two or three flowers in each fheath. Taller great fnow-drop with, ■ many flowers. C.'tilthogaluni, or ii.\r of Bethlehem, Great white pyramidal, with narrow leaves. Wnite,with broad fword-fhaped leaves fpreading on the ground, -.Yellow. Pyrennean, with whitifli green flowers, Star of Napley, with hanging fiowerr, ^liddle,or ambellated, producing jis flowers in umbels or fpread- Jm branchv s at the top of the flalk. Low yellow umbellaled. ErUhicniumy dens can is, or dog's tooth. Round leaved with red flowers, The fame with white flowers, The fame, ycl'ow. Long nairow leaved. with purple and with white flowers. Mv^caria, the grape or feathered hyacinth. Common blue grape hyacin h. White, Afh coloured. Blue feathered hyacinth. Purple, Mufivy or fweet fcented, with dull puiple flowers. The fame with large purple and yellow flowers. Greater African mufcaria, with fulphur-coloured flower, Fritillaria, checquered tulip. Early purple, variegated, or che- quered with white, Black, chequered with yellow fpots, Yellow, chequered with purple Dark purple v.'ith yellow fpots, and flowers growing in an umbel Perfian lily, with tall ftalks, dark purple fli)wer8 growing in a pyramid, Branching Perfian lily. Corona huperlalis, crown imperial, a Ipecies of fritillaria, Common red, • yellow, Ytllow ftriped. Sulphur coloured. Large flowering. Double of each variety, Crown upon crown,or with two whorls of flowers, Triple crown upon crown, or with three tiers of flowers one above another. Gold ftriped leaved, SilvvT ftriped leaved. Tulip, early dwarf tulip, I'ulip, late, or nioft common tulip. Double tulip. Of the two firft there is an infinite variety : florifts reduce them to the following claflTes, of each of ■wh'ch are many intermediate varieties, varying in thsir ftripcs. Early, yellow and red ftriped, White and red ftriped. White and pu-^ple rtriped. White and rofe ftriped. Tall, or late fliwering, with white bottoms ftriped with brown White A LIST OF PLANTS. sh White bottoms, ftrlped with dark brown, White bottoms, ftrlped with vio- let or black brown, White bottoms, ftriped with red or Vermillion. Yellow bottoms, ftriped with different colours, called bi- zares. Double Tulip, yellow and red. White and red. Gladiolus, cornflag, or fwcrd lily Common, with fword-fhaped leaves, and a reddi/h purple flower ranged on one fide of the ftalk, The fame with white flowers, Italian, with reddifh flowers ranged on both fides of the ftalk. The fame with white flowers, Great red of Byzantijm, With narrow gr^fly leaves, and an incarnate or^flelTi- coloured fljwer, With channelled long narrow four-edge leaves, and two bell fliaped fioweis on a ftalic Great Indian Anemone, wood anemone with blue finvers, White flowers. Red flowers, Double white. Cardsn dcuble AnemonC) with crim- fon flowers. Purple, Red, Blue, White, Red and white ftriped, Red, white, and purple, -'Rofe and white, Blue, ftrip' d wi h white, '■Ranunculusy Turke", with a fingls ft/.lk, and 1/irge double blood- red fl -wer, Perfi n with branching ftalks and large double ii vvcrs, of' which are iarumerable varie- ties, of all colours and varse- gationsto the am vjntof many humrcds,vvith moft beutiful fljwers, of which there are B Very double flowers. Semi, or half double: The double are the moft beauti- ful, and are propagated by ofF- fets J they produce no feed j that being produced only in the femi-double flower, by fowing of which all the fine varieties of double flowers are obtained Pancratium, fea daffodil, com mo a white fea narciflu?,with many flowers in a flieath,& tongue- fliaped leaves, Sclavonian,with taller ftems and many white flowers,& fword- fliaped leaves. Broad leaved American, with larger white flowers, eight or ten in a /heath, Mexican, with two flowers, Zeylon, with one flower, Broadifli roundiih leaved ofAm- boyna, with many flowers, Carolina low fea daffodil, with • narrow leaves, and many- flowers. The two firft are hardy, and fuc- ceed in the full ground; but the other require to be kept in a ftove. Moly (allium) fpecies of garlick - producing ornamental flowers. Broad leaved yellow. Great broad leaved, with lily flowers, Broad leaved, with white flowers in large round umbels. Smaller white umbellated, . Purple, Rofe coloured. Fumaria Bulbcja^ or bulbous rooted fumitory, Ore ,ter pijrple, ■■ Hollow rooted, American, with a forked flower Nardjfus, or dafl^jdil, common dou- ble yellow dafl^odii. Single yellow, with the middle c'jp as l:ng as the petals, White, witn yellow cups. Double, wi'.h feVeral cup'^, one ' within another, Cummon white naici/Tus, with fingle flowers, b 6 Double ■ 5^4 A LIST OF PL ANTS. Djuble white narciffus incomparable, or great nonfuch, v-ith dLublc flowers, V/iih ianiile flo-Acrs, Hoop-petticoat narciflfj ,or rufix- kavcd dartbdii, wiih ihe mid- ' die cop larger than the yeuls, and very broad at the brim, D-iftodil, with white reflexed petals, and golden cups, Wtiiie daflodiljWith purple cups P.lyantluis narciffus, having many fmaliil-iwers on a ftalk, from the fame fheath ; of this are the following varieiies j Whi'e, with white cupc, Yellow, witi) yellow cups, Whit?, with yellow cups, Whice, with orange cupt, Wnite, with fulphur coloured cups. Yellow, with orange cups, Yellov, with fulphur coloured cup5. With feveral intermediate va- rieties. Autumnal Narciffj". Jur.'juii, common lingle, Large fingle, - ComiTiOn double, Double, with large round roots^ Liihin, the lily, common white lily, V/ith fpotted or ftriped flowers, With double fl jwerf, With ftriped leaves, Wliitelily,with hanging or pen- dant flowtrs, Common orange lily, with large fingle flowers, With double flov^ers. With ftilped leaves, jFiery, bulb bearing Hlv, produ- cing bulbs at the joints of the ilalks, C. mmon narrow leaved, Greater broad leaved. Many flowered. Hoary, NIartagon lily, fometlmes called Turk's rap, from the reflexed poGtion oftheii fljv\er leaves; there are many varieties, and which differ from the other forts of Hlies, in having the petals of their flowers rtfl^xed or turned backward. The varieiies are. Common red martagon,withvery narrow fparfed leaves, or fuch as grow without order ail over the flower- ftalk. Double martagon. White, Double white. White fpotted, Scariet,with broad fparfed leaves Bright red, many flowered, of pompoHv, with fhort graffy fparfed leaves, Reddifh hairy martagon, with leaves growing in whorles round the ftalk. Great yellow, with pyramidal fljwers, fpotied, Purple, with dark fpots and broad leaves in whorls round the ftalk, or moft common Turk's cap, White fpotted Turk's cap, Canada martagon,with yellowlfh Isrge flowers fpotted, & leaves in whorls, Campfcatenfe martagon, with ere£b bell-ftiaped flowers, Philadelphia marogon, with two ereft bright purple flowers. Squills, Sea onion, or lily hyacinth, common lily hyacinth, with a lily root and blue flower, Peruvian or broad leaved hya- cinth of Peru, with blue flowers, "With white flowers, ■ Early white ftarry hyacinth, Blue, Autumnal ftarry hyacinth. Larger ftarry blue hyacinth of Byzantium, Purple ftar fl -wer of Peru, Italian blue fpiked fiar fl wer, ^J}b'Jtlel liy, Kh\cin blue with a tuberous root. Broad leaved purple with a bul- Ijous root, Afiatic, with white umbels and bulbous root. AmerIc£o A LIST OF PLANTS. 565 Amerlcan,with large white um- bels and bulbous root. The firft of thefe require Aelter from froft} & the other three require theconftant proteftion of a ftove } they make a fine appearance in fl:^wer. *Tbe Tuberofe, or tuberous Indiaa hyacinih j it produces a tall ftem, three or four feet high, adorned w.th mtiny white fl> wtrs of great fragraney. The varieties are. Fine double tuberofe, Single tsberofe, \ Small fl wered. Striped leaved. Iris ffK/fJ-o/fljor bulbous irls,Perfian, with three ereft blue petals, called ftandardf , and three re- flexed peials called falls which are variegated, called Perfian bulbous iris,with a variegated flower. Common narrow leaved bulbous iris, with a blue flower. White, Yellow, T^lue, with white falls Blue, with yellow falls. Greater broad leaved bulbous iris, with a ceep blue fljwer, , Bright purple, Deep purple, Variegated, Great, with broad and almoft plain ot fl^t leaves, with blue flowers, Purple, Ot the above there are many intermediate varieties. /7yflfjV!/i),eaftern,>Aith large fljwers y Of thefe are manv varieties, re- duced by rtorifts to the follow- ing clafls?. i and of which there are innumerable inter- mediate fhades or tints of co- lours. Of double forts there are. Blues, Purple blues, Agatha blues, "Whites, Whites with yellow eye». Whites, with red eyes. Whites, with violet or purple eyes. Whites, with rofe coloured eyeSf Whites, with fcarlet eyes, Reds, Incarnate, fl'.fli or rofe coloured* Of fingle forts there are, Blues, of different fhades, as above. Whites, Reds, Rofe coloured. With many intermediate fhades or varieties. Hyacinth, of the common fmall forts are the following. Common Englifh, with blue flowers arranged on one fide of the flalk, White, Bell-fhaped blue hyacinth, with flowers on every fide the flallc Bell-fhaped peach coloured, with flowers on one fide the flalk. Hyacinth, with an obfolete or fa- ded purple flower, Thefe are very hardy, and pro- pagate very fafl by oft-fets of the roots, and fucceed in any fltuation, in the common bor- ders, or between Ihrubs, Cokhicumsj in variety. Leontice, lion's leaf, largefl yellow, with fingle foot flalks to the leaves. Smaller pale yellow,withbranch- ed foot flalks to the leaves. Thefe are tuberous rootedplantr, and are fcarce in England. Cy dame fly fow -bread, European or common autumn flowering, with a purple flower, and an- gular heart-fhaped leaves, The fame, with a black fljwer. The fame, with white flowers, Redfpringflowering,with heart ihaped kives marbled with vhite Entire white, fweet fmelling. Purple winter flowering, with plain orbicular fhining green leave?, Purple round leaved autumn flowering. Small 566 A LIST OF PL ANTS. Small, or anemone rooted, with flefli coloured flowers appear- ing in autumn. Tbefe plants have large round folid roots, the flowers and leaves rife immediately from the root. The two firft varieties are hardy, the three Perfian forts arc im- patient of frofts,and fhouid be kept i'l pots to be occafianally ihekered ; but all the others will fucceed in a warm border under a wall. Superb Li'y, or gloriofa, red, with long flender leaves. Bliie, with oval leaves- Corona Regalis, or royal crown, j^con'itey ibe winter. iifyrimhiums. A List of Annual Flower Plants ; that is, fuch as come up, flower, produce Seeds, and die the fame Year, and which mud therefore be raifed every Year from Seed ; and the Sorts here mentioned are proper as ornamental Plants for FJower Gardens. We divide them into three different Heads or ClafTes ; that is, the tender and more curious Kinds ; the lefs tender, or hardier and more common Kinds ; the har- dieft and molt common Kinds. The firft following are the more curious and tender Kinds, FIRST CLASS. j^MJnANTHUS Tricolor, Bic(.lor. Cock's-cmb Amaianthus, The red. Purple, Yellow, Dwarf. cube ji'maranthui, the flriped, Red, White, Spiked. Stramcmium, the double purple, Pouble white. MelongenayOT egg plant, the purple Whjte. Baljam'mes, or balfam, the double puiple, Double fcarlet. Double ftriped. Martyr.ia. £roivaI/ia. Ice I /ant, or diamond ficoides." Setijiti've P/ant, Humble Plant . Scarlet Convolvulus, Snake Melon. Cucumber, The above all requ're to be raifed and brought forward in hot- beds? See the articles of tender or curious annuals, in Febnuadrjr, March, April, May, and June j but the fenfitive and humble plants, after being reared as above, ihould always be continued either in a glafs-cafe, green-houfe, 'or garcicn-frame, under glaffes, otherwife they lofe their fenfation, and •Will not yield to the toucji. SECOND A LIST OF PLANTS. 567 SECOND CLASS of ANNUALS: Or lefs-tender or hardier Kinds. The following are fomewhat hardier than the forego- ing, but in order to have them flower in any to- lerable time in the fummer, they fliould be firft raifed in a moderate Hot-bed, and afterwards tranf- planted into the Borders, Beds, or Pots, &c. See the Articles of lefs tender, or hardier Annuals, in March, April, and May, JiFRICAN Marigold, the orange, Yellow, Straw coloured. French Marigoldy the flriped, The y. How, Sweet fcented, Ckina AJier, the double. Double purple, Double white, Double flriped. Marvel of Peru f the red ftrlped. Yellow ftriped, Long tub^d. Chrjfanthemum, double whlte^ Double yellow. Double quilled. Siveet Sulian, the yellow. White, Red. Indian Pink, double. Single. Alkekengi. Palma Cbrijiij the common, with lar^e gr.y leaves. Tali red ftaiked,\vith very large green leaves, Smaller green, Smalleft, wich heart-ihaped leaves. Thefe plants of palma chrifti grow from three to eight or ten feet high, and are princi- pally cultivated for their tall growth, together with the beautyof their palmated leaves whichare fingularl)'large,fome of which, including their lobes, will meafure near two fter, and fometimes more. *Tobacco, long leaved Virginia; Broad leaved, Branching perennial. Love Appky with red fruit, VVich yellow fruit. Gourds, round fmooth orange. Rock or warted, Pear-fhaped yellow, Pear-li.uped ftriped. Stone col ured, Bon/e Gourd, fome very large, from two or three to five or fix feet long, and of various ihapes, Mcmordica BalfawiTta, Perji curia. Indian Corn, the tall, D warf, Nolana, Mignionette, Cowdoh ulus, fcarlet flowered, YeUotv Balaam, or touch me not. Capsicum, tiic long red podded, Loiig yellow podded, Red,ftiort,thick,roundi/h podded With heart-fhaped pods, V/ith cherry-lhaped fruit, red, Cherry-fhaped fruit, yellow, Bajil,ihi common,or Iweet-fcJnted Bu/h 568 A LIST OF PLANTS. Biifh bafil. Ten 'week Stock GU/i/fcwer, Zemia, red, The double red, Yellow. Double white, Tree amaranthusl Double purple. Pri' ce'.s feather amaranthus, Pf^hite Ten-iveek Stock,'w\X\i a wall* L ve lies a bleeding amaranthus flower leaf, Ca^-nacoruif yell 'W, With double and fingle fljwers. Red. The double of this fort makes a Chineje Hollyhock^ the variegated, pretty appearance. Note, the ten weeks will grow if fown on a warm border to- wards the end of March, and (hould be afterwards tranfplantedj but by fowing and bringing them forward in a hot, they will flower fooner by a month or fix weeks. The China after, chryfanthemums, white and purple fullan, African and French marigold, alkekengi, perficaiia, &c. will alfo grow in a warm border of natural earth, if fown in April, and afterwards traniplanted j but they will not flower fo Jbon by a month or fix weeks as when fown and propeily forwarded in a hot- bed. THIRD CLASS of ANNUALS, Or hardy Kinds, The following are hardy Annuals, requiring no af- fiftance of artificial Heat, but fliould all, or at leaft mod of them, be fown in the Places where it is de- figned they (hall flower. See the Articles of Hardy Annuals, in February, March, April, and May. ADONIS FIo:ort. Looking -glafs» Virginia Stock. Stranvberry Spinach, Noli me tangereiOr touch me not Pannes, or heart*s eafe. Snail-plant, Caterpillars plant. Hedge -Hog plant. Antirrhifiwny or fnap -dragon, the annual. Cyanus, the red. White, Blue. Roman Nettle. Belvidere, or fummer cyprefs. Xerantkemttm, or eternal flower^ red and white. Gar den, oT co?nmon Marigold, the common fingle. Double orange. Double lemon coloured, Double lemon coloured ra- nunculus marigold. Annual Cape Marigold, with a violet and white flower. Mignionelte iOr Refeda,the fweet fee n ted. The upright. Purple Clary. Purple Ragtvort, Dracocephalum, the purple. Blue. Crt/>««7iV#;, orhaftard fumatory, Ten-iveek Stock GiUiftQivers, vsk variety. Perficaria. Tobacco Plant, Indian Corn, Amjthyjiea, A List of the Sorts and feveral Varieties of Kitchen- Garden or Efculent Plants, ASPARAGUS, green Dutch, Gravefend large white, Batterfea. All thefe differ only by means of the foil, and places of culture. Artichoke, globe, the largeft and be ft fort, French or oval. Artichoke, the Jerufalem. Alexanders, for its ftalks, when blanched by earthing up. Beans y early Mazagan, fmalieft. Early Portugal, or Lilbon, fmall. Small Spanifh, Broad ditto. Nonpareil, Long podded, Windfor, Toker, Sandwich, White bloflbmed, Red bloffomed, Mumford, Willow leaved, Dwarf, 570 A LIST OF PLANTS. DwHif, S ire ^-^i V' ry liKmbie Small red growth, nfiiig only fo^n iitv ad fix to len or twelve irxU.s Cnultjlo^ajer, ttic early, ■Uf pari ^u.'^d, for cujio-^ o: ta ing. hoh Peasy early golden hotfj^ur,. earlieft, Kichoi * early, GhariU.n hotipur,. Mailer hot. pur, Ormerot'; hotfpur^ Eflex hoffpur, Nonparc'l, Spanidi morotfo, Large marrowfat. Dwarf dito,. Xeadman's dwarf, 1 eing of ve'y low growth, Gieen ruuncival, White ditro, Grown, or rcfe^ Sickle, Union, The four laft of which are cultivated chiefly for cu- riofity. Kidney 'beans, QzrXy Hver-colour- ed dwarf, different forts. Early white dwarf, Batterfea white dwacf, Canterbury d'A/arf, Red fpeckled dwaif. Black fpeclcJed dwarf, Tawney dsvarf. Large Dutch runners. Scarlet runners, Largeft white runners, with pods like the fcarlet j and like that fort,a great bearti* and a fine eating bean. L B oticu, pari) pu'p^ L.;rje lat<^ purple, for the 11) MJn crop. Blown G ren, VVh)i , or cauliflower broccoli Cabb. ?iy fraall early, Eniiy dwarf fugar-ioaf. Large iugar loai, Yoiklhirt early. Battel lea early, liithtr of the above for the firit crop, and the large fugar-loal kind alio for the firli general fummer crop. Early Kuflla, not proper for a general crop, being fmalJ, but a very fweet eating cabbage, and will corns early. Long fided, Giant, or large Scotch, Large hollow, Common white round flat headed, Red Dutch, Tlie laft mentioned, if of the true fort, is all over of a very deep or dark red, with very thick leaves j the baf- tard, or degenerated forts, are of a pale or faint red, v/ith thinner leaves, and the veins of which are whitifti. Mufk cabbage. Tui-nepSy early Dutch white, the lurnep Cabbage, with the tur heft fort for gardens, pa ticularly for the early crop. Common large white round, alfo very proper for gar- dens. Yellow, very good, Large rednop'd field turnep Large green topM field turnep Long rooted, French, imail round, nep part above ground. Turnep -rooted cabbage, with the turnep part under ground. Cap/icutn^ for its feed- pods to pickle. Long red podded, Large heart-fhaped podded. Large bell-fhaped podded. Large. A LIST OF Large angular podded, Red Hiort round podded, Cheny fliaped podded, Lo^e apple y its fruit for foups and pickling. Red fruited, Vv hite fruited. Coleivo'tSy the common open green, The Scotch purple. But coieworts are now, for family ufesjgenerally raifed from feeds of any of the forts of the beft kinds of white cabbage J but thofe of the fugar-loaf are pre- ferable to all the others for fweetnefs of eating. See , Coieworts, June, July, and Auguii. Sea Cole^v.'orty or Cabbage. Cucumber y early (hort pnckly. Short clufter pnckly, Long prickly. White Turkey, Green Turkey, Sa-.yrna.> OnioH'y the Strafburgh, White Spanifli, Spanifii red, - Silver-fkinned Spanlfli, Portugal, very large. Either of the above three for the main crop j but the firft is tiie beft for long keeping. Welch onion. The laft never bulbs, fo is only fuwn in Auguft, be- ing very hardy to ftand the winter for early fpring ufe. Leehy London, French. Radijhy early fhort top, with purple roots, With red roots, Salmon, or fcarlet. Small round Naples, or Ita- ., .. ihn nv hite turnep- rooted, Red round rooted. PLANTS. 571 Loner -rooted white, Turnep -rooted large black Spa* nifli radiin. White large turnep-rootcd Spanidl radi/h, Letiucesy green cofs. White ditto, • Red ditto, Aleppo or fpotted, Common cabbage lettuce. Brown Dutch cabbage. White Dutch, Grand admiral or admirable, a very large and -flne fort~ of cabbage-lettuce ; it is greatly cultivated by the kitchen gardeners about London, for their fummer crop ; is in perfection VA July and Auguft, Celicia, Imperial, Capuchin, Honey, Curled, Early frame. Hardy green cabbaging. Black Spanifli, Lap, or common open let- tuce, to fow early in the fpring to cut up young iot fail ads. Ctlerj, Italian, or common up* right. Solid ftalked upright. Norths great upright, Turnep-rootedjcailed celerlac Curled leaved. Endiy. BajU, the fweet, Bufh. Both of wiiich are tender plant?, and ralfed only in. iiot-beds, like capficum or love-apple, Stc. ^mfe. Carra^uy, Orach, Clary. Borage, Burnet. Tarragon > Tanfey, Buglofs, Carduus BenediSlus^ for tea, by way of medicine. Nepy Nepeta, or cat mint. So called by reafon the cats are fond of it j for when they come near it,they will roll and tumble about it, and eat and tear the herb to pieces. A List of fome of the beft Sorts of Green-House Plants. ALOES, the large American, Large ftriped ditto. Aloes, the African forts, Mitre^ Sword, Tongue, Upright tnangular, Pc n tan gt.ll a r, Succotrine, Cob -web. Partridge- breaft, Cufhion, Large Pearl, Pearl tongue. Soap-like, Keel-ihaped, ^elon, Fan, Cat-chapped, Spiral, Arums. Amhrofia, AnthylliSf Jupiter's beard. Artlotis, wind-feed, feveral va- rieties. AJier, the African (hrubby. Anthofpermum, Apocynum Fruticofum, Apium Macedonicum, Afparagus^ (hrubby,two or three varieties. Bofea^ golden -rod tree. Buphthalmu7ns, fome varieties. Campanula, bell-flower. 574 A L I S T o F P L A N T S. The Dutch, American. Chryfocoma, goldy locks. Corfvol'VuluSf the iilveiy. CelaJiruSy ItafF-tree, Cliff or tiay major. Minor, BuOi. Caper. CtfluSy rock rofe, feveral forts. Chamomile^ doub'e Italian. Cyclamen, the Perfian, Sweet fcented. Coronilla. jointed podded, Crajjuluy fix or eight forts, Cytifus, trefoil. Digitalis. Diofmay feveral forts. Iris U'varia. Euphorbia^ major. Minor. Geraniums, cranes-bill. The fcarlet. Balm -fcented. Scarlet hoife-(hoe. Pink ditto, Variegated, Sorrel -leaved, Nutmeg-fcented, Striped -leaved, Rofe fcented. Vine-leaved, Hollow kaved. Gnaphaliumy fome varieties. ^Gre-uuia. Helioiropiumt the fweet-fcented. HypericuTn, the Chinefe. Hermaniay feveral forts. Jajmines, the Azorian, The Ca talon I an, Yellow Indian. JxiUi the Chinefe. Jufticiay two forts, K':ggeilaria. Leonurusy lion's tall. Lemons, Oranges* Citrons. Candy Tuft Tree. LotuSf a bird's foot trefoil, two or three forts. Lycium, box thorn. Lent if c us, La'vaiera Lufitanic{», Melabar Nut. Mcfembryajithemums.minyiQVts^ Myrtles, many forts. Olscndery red. White. Double. Oli-je. Opuntia, Indian fig, fome vaii- eties. Ofieofpermtimi hard -feeded fun- flower. Ononis, reft harrow. Phylica, the heath-leaved. Phyfalis, wintef~ch< rry. Sage the flirubby African. Scabious, the fhrubby. Silver-Tree. Semper 433' 472. 5'^» 537* Autumnal flowering bulbs, 237, 286, 499. narci/Ius, 238, 409. crocus, 238, 409. - B. Batclielor's button, Sy, 154, 202, 399, 437, 473, 475, Balm ot Gilead, 207. Balfams, S4, 1 48, 194, 196, 197, 242, 284, 354. Bafil, 131, 148, 197. Baum or Balm, 131, 182, 349, :jC3, 454. Bay, 156, 164, 208, 212, 480. Beans, 16, 17, 68, 128, 129, 185, 218, 272, 350, 445, 494, 527. kidney. See Kidney-beans. Bearing Branches and Fruit-fpjrs, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 74, 75, 77^ 139, 461, 467, 503, 505, 506, 507, 50^- Beech Maft, to fow, 491. Beech Tree and Hedges, 40, 91, 482, 540. Beets, 67, 226, 500, 501. Belladonna Lily, 233. Belvidere, 198. Berberry Tree, 472, 540. Berries for Towing, 42, 94, 488. Biennial Flower-plants, 153, 202, 358, 407, 433. Blackthorn, 540. ' Bladder* INDEX. Bladder-nut, 156. Bladder Senna, 37, 89, 208, 47B, 517. BlofTom-Buds, 19, 25, 74, 462, 463, 464. of Wall-trees, prelirvs, 141, 191. Blowing Flowers early, 35, 49, 86, 92, 111, 171, 546. Bor«ee-, 96, 143, 162, 195, 209, 215, 336, 398. Budding, 281, 298, 297, 353, 362, 367,^373, 398, 41 t. 4»3»439- Buglofs, 62, 131, 182. Bulbous rooted Flowers, 32, 34, 35, 88, 92, 152, 199, 237» 3S9. 404' 466, 409, 430, 434, 475, 514, 515, 519, 537, 546. Bulbous Iris, 359, 406, 447. Burnet, 69, 131, 182, 453, 454. Cabbages, 12, 13, 64, 116, 178, 273,337, 380, 423, 451 Campanula, 87, 153, 15^4, 201, 358, 474, 514. Candleberry Myrtle, 156 Candy Fuft. 86, 1^0, 198. Canterbury Bells, ij^ 153, 154, 201, 358, 474, 514. Cape Jafmine, 367. Capficum, -34, 148, 184, 197, 210. . Cardoons, 136, 181, 276, 348, 391,424, 456, 498,529., Cardinal Flower, 202. Carduus, 69, 182, 349, 390. Care of tender feedling Trees, 42. new-planted Trees, 29, 517,520, 535, 538. plants in pots, 35, 539. Carnations, kc 32, 88, 92, 151, 153, 200, 289, 355, 337, 402. 403, 432, 472, 516, 537. Carraway, y^i. Carrots, 8, 9, 67, 122, 181, 213, 269, 340, 3S2, 458, 500, 526. C c Caffine INDEX. Caffine, 208. Catchfiy, 87, 153, 154, 201, 202, 399, 436,475, 514: Caterpillar Plants, 150, 198. Cauliflowers, 12, 62, 63, 114, 179, 267, 339, 388, 421, 422, 449, 500, 523, Cedars, 42, 90, 156, 163, 164, 208, 212, 481, 482. Celery, 14, 64, 129; 181, 265, 340, 341, ^Sy, 388, 423, 456, 489, 528. Cereus, 371. Chamomile, 87, 131, 153, 182, 202, 349, 437, 454, 474» 475- Cherries, 20, 29, 75, 81, 82, 83, 94, 98, 142, 144, 147., 162, 188, 353, 363, 398, 411, 464, 49.0, 508, 509- 533- Cherry, Morella, 508. Chery-ftones few, 94, 440, 490. Chefnut, 81, 478, 512. Chervil, 70, 131, 182, 394, 429* China After, 148, 149, 179. Chinefe Hollyhock, 148 283. Chives or Cives, 133. Chryfanthemam, 36, 158, 150,. 197, 283. Ciilus, 156, 208,214, 369,480. Cinque-foil (hrub, 37, 479. Citron, 139, 253. Clary, 69, 131, 182. Clear the beds of aromatic plants, 453. the borders, 295, 408, 513, 436, the ground, &c. 350. pots from weeds, 372. Cleaning fruit-tree borders, 397. the pleafure ground, 436, 158, 408. Clip hedges, &c. 297, 360, 407, 435, 485. Cockfcombs, 84, 148, 194, 196, 354. Codlins, 472, 489. Cclchicums, 238, 288, 409. Coleworts, 343, 392, 423. Columbines, 87, 153, 154, 201, 202, 358, 407, 433, 474» 5H- Compofts, 444. 519, 539. Convolvulus, 86, 150, 194* Coriander, 70, 131, 182. Cornelian cherry, 80, 478. Crefles. See Small Sallading. CrocufTes, 34, 409, 477, 315. Crowns of Pine-apples, 312, 376, 443. INDEX. Crown Imperials, 34, 285, 359, 377. Pea, 198. Cucumbers, i, 49, «r4> 55» i^^, 113,114, 171, 174, 175, 263, 347> 394- Currants, 26, 44, 78, 93, 145, 466, 472, 488, 510, 53(5. Cuttings, 38, 43, 44, 93, 140, 146, 163, 165, 190, 207, 359* 360* 369> 37 h 403, 439> 4%> 4^4' 488. 490, 512. Cyclamen. See June. 288 Cyprefs, 90, 164, 208, 212, 214, 281, 282, Cyprefs fummer, 198. Cytifus, 156, 208, 214. D. Dairies, 87, 91, 155, 158, 202, 437, 47J, 514, Decayed Flower Stems cut down, 362, 430. December, 523. Decid'ious Shrubs and Trees, 40, 156, 162, 164, 214, 437' 43^8, 478. Defending BloiToois of Wall-trees, 14T, 191.. Defend Wall-fruit, 283, 342, 398, 428. Dellroy Infeds on Fruit-trees, 189, 215, 352, 353, 395, 42S. Deftroy Weeds, 198, 211, 215, 224, 500, 361, 368, 390, 396, 409, 410, 440. Devil-in-a-Bufh, 198. Diamond Ficoides, 84, 148, 194. Digging borders, &c. 82, 88, 145, 154, 433, 558. Digging and trenching ground, 40, 41, 92, 502,512, 52O' S3i» S39» 54I' Dig up Carrots and Parfneps, &c. 458, 500. Potatoes, 458, 501. Dreffing Borders, 82, 88, 473. Afparagus beds, 123, 178, 454, 455, 456, 49S- Strawberry beds, 79, 147, 193, 469, 511. Artichokes, 127, 178, 498, 529. Beds of aromatic Plants, 398, 453. Auricula plants, 32, 87, 151. Vines, 190, 231, 233. Dill, 69, 131. Direftions for planting Trees, &c, 29, 80, 90, 142, 1$'/, 465,478, 481, 508, 512. Dog- wood, 156, C c 2 Double INDEX. Doable Balfsms, 84, 148, 194, 196, 197, 354, Scarlet Lychnis, ^6, 150, 359' 473- Wall-flowers, 35, 150, 245, 475. Stock Gilly-flowers, ib. Sweet-w'lliams, 35, 150, 154, 473. Chryfanlhtmum, 56, 150. Rocket, 473. Rofe Campion, 36, 150, 473. Double Feverfew, 87, 154, 202, 473. Ragged Robin, 202. Chamcmile, S7, 155, 202, 237, 474, 475< Lady's Smock, 202. BIoiFom Cherry, 37, 89, 156, 478, 517, Bramble, 37, 89, 478. Hawthcn, 37, 89, 478. Sweetbriar, 37. Dwarf-Almond, 37. Stramonium, N-afturtium, 25J. Early plants, flowers, and fruit, forcing in the hot-hou(e, &c. 35, 47, 48,49, 82,92, 110, 111, 171, 193, 54^» 547- Earthing up Celery, 14, 34, 388, 424, 456, 496, 528, Cardoons, 391, 413, 424, 456, 498, 529. Artichokes, 498, 529. Plantations in pots, 32, 87, 106, 150, 168^, J94'373»4»3- Peas and Beans, 17, 69, 129, 185, 184. Edgings, 39, 91, 158, 211, 360, 407, 434, 484, 519. Egg-plant, 84, 194, 196, 239, 283, Elder, 40, 91, 540. Eltn, 40, 91, 482, 483, 540. Engine for watering trees, 230. Endive, 14, 220, 338, 390, 424, 452, 497, 52^. Euonymus, 156. Euphorbium, 193, 371, 411. Evergreen Oak, 90, 164, 212, 480. Evergreens, 90, 156, 165, 203, 209, 212, 214, 2ld, 361, 410, 431, 480, 485. Everlafling Pea, 202. Sunflower, 40, 153, 474. Exotic-tree Seeds, &c. 162, 168, 199, 369. INDEX. F. February,, 49. Fennel, 69, 131, 390. Fern, 8, 12, 142, 521, 476, 541, $37. Feverfew, 87, 154, 134* 202, 473. Fibrous-rooted flowering Perennials, 35, 87, 201, 288, 358, 309,436,473, 474, 514. Ficoides, 371. Fig-tree, 138, 140, 352, 397, 471, 510. propagate, 140. Filbert trees, 81, 511, 471, 472, Fir-tree, 90, 156, 163, 208, 212, 366, 481. Flos-Adonis, 86, 150, 198. Flower Garden, 31, 84, 147, 194, 35^: 399, 430, 472, 5i.3» 53^- Flowering Shrubs, 36, 37, 69, 90, 95, 155, 156, 208, 209. 212, 361, 456, 477. 477, 478, 516, 538. Flowers blowing early, 35, 49, 92, 111, 171, 546. Forcing early Flowers and Fruit. 29, 30, 35, 48, 49, 82, 92, III, 147, 171, 546, 547. Cucumbers, Radishes, Afparagus, Sallad- ing and Kidney-beans, &c. lo, 11, 48, 49, 56, 61, 62, 65, no, 112, 113, 114, 136, 130,171,454,456, 529- Foreft-trees, 40, 94, 161, 482, 487, 517, 540. Fox-gloves, 87, 153, 154, 202, 474. Fraxinella, 202, 437, 475. French Honeyfuckle, 87, 153J 154, 202, 358, 474, 514. Marigolds, 148, 197, 283 404, 406, 309, 477. Frittillaria, 404, 454, 477. Fruit gathering and Fruit-trees, 428, 459. Fruitery, 460, 536. Fruit-Garden, 18, 74, 138, 188, 351, 395» 427> 459» 503. 532- Fumigating Bellows, 189. Garlick, 70, 135, 345, 391. Gather Fruit, 428, 459. Seeds, 348, 393. Gelder-rofe, 37, 89, 156, 478, 517, C c 3 Gentian, INDEX. Gentian, 409, 475, Geniianella, 87, 155, 202, 437, 474, 475, 514. Globe Arparanthus, 84, 148, 149, 239. Goiden Rod, 87, 154, 201, 474, 514, Granadillas, 373. Grafs Walks and Lawns, 38, 39, 90, 158, 159, 209, 435, 486, 1,18, 539. Grsvel Walk, 39, 91, 159, 210, 360, 408, 436, 486, ' 5i8» 539. Greek Valerian, 87, 153, 201, 202, 398, 474, 514. Green houfe, and Green-lToure pltnts, 45, 105, 165, 216, 36S, 41 1, 441, 491, 521, 541, 542. Goofeberries, 26, 44, 78, 93, 145, 466, 469, 5I0> ^ V' 535- Gourds, 187, 197, 207. Grafted Trees, 162, 195, 214, 366. Grafting, 82. Preparation for, and method of, 96, 99, I00> 102, 103, 162, 192. Hollies, 216. Guernfey and Belladonna Lily, 286 Guinea Pepper. See Capficum. H. Hamburgh Parfley, 69, 1363 214, ly^. Hardy annual Flowers, 86, 150, 198. Hardy Trees and Shrubs, 478, 489, 491, 539. Hawk weed, 86, 198. Haws, 488, Hawthorn, 37, 40, 89, 91, 478; Hazel nut tree, 40 511. Heading down Fruit-trws, &;c. 96, 134, 144, r6o, 162,^ 166, 167, 195. He'lebore, 153. Hepatica, 87, 155, 479. Herbs, Kitchen, Medical, and DiftilJing, 69, 70, 13F, J32> 274» 275* »22, 292, 349, 391, 392, 453, ,,. 454. 525. Hips, 488. Hoar i-rtlL 62, no, 176. Hoeing 159, 184, 187, 211, 215, 341, 344, 368, 390^ 39^'> '.9^» 426. Holly. lift, 90, 156, 208, 214, 216 480. Bt rries for l*/v\in^, 488. Hollyhock, ij, 153, 202, 474, 514. INDEX. Honefly, 153, 514. Horn-beam, 91, 540. HrneyAickle, 37, Zg, 156, 208, 478, 517. Honey ruct<:le treiicri. Ser i?rench Honeyfuckle. Horfe Cheinur, fcarlet, Yi^- Radifh, ji. Dung for hot-beds, i, o, 50, 56, 61, 62, 93, 83, 84 .12, 113, 194, 377, 415, 430. Hot-beds, i. 7, 9, 10, 11, 30, 55 ^6, 61, 62 85;, 107, ii3» iH. f3»» r3^S t34» «35* ^^7^ 148, 164, 184, 168, i6p 171, 174, 371, 373, 194, 196, 202, 212, 37b. 377 38s, 415, 529 houfe, 46, 107, 169, 375, 413 442, 492, 522, 544, walls, 29, 82, 147, (93, 547. Hyacinths, 32, 34, i^, 88, 92, 152, 404, 430, 475, 5'4' 537- Hypericum Frutex, 35, 89, in, 156, 478. Hyffop, 70, 132, 182, 392, 393, 453. I. January^ i Jafmine, 89 156 208 367 373 478 517. inoculate. 367. Ice-plant, 84 148. Jerufalem Artichoke, 138. Impregnating or ieiting the fruit of cucumbers and me- lons, 173. Inarching, 103 173 196 216 306, Indian Pink, 148 149 197. Corn, 197. ^*^> 371, Inoculate (hrubs, 367. Inoculating, See Budding. Infcds, 189 215 230 352 398 428* - V ,, ■ Jonquils, 35 35 92 2S5 477 515 Iris. 34 404 405 475 477 June, 259 :\ }u\y 217. J\iniper 90 156 164 208 212 Kidney Beans, 47 61 no 136 171 177 202 271 338 546 Kitchen Garden, i 49 112^ 171 337 379 415 445 494 INDEX. L. Laburnum, 37 39 156 2to8 471 51/ Lady's Smock, 202 Larch-tree, 482. Larkfpur, 86 150 196 Large rooted Parfley, 136 Lavatera, S6 150 168 Lavender Cotton. 183 383 Laurels, 156 208 438 440 480 484 490 Lauruftinus, 90 156 206 438 480 490 Lay Carnations, 289 357 403 Layers, 38 43 93 94 140 146 190 289 403 432 472 482 483 487 542 Laying Turf, 39 90 159 Laying down Gravel Walks, 159 160 210 Leeks, 68 119 181 270 348 Leonurus, 437 475 Lemons, 105 106 166 193 368 373 341 Lettuces, 6 7 i 68 117 175 211 266 342 389419 420 447 449 496 524 525 Lilacs, 37 89 93 156 208 478 517 539 Lilies, 268 359 406 477 Lilies of the Valley, 475, Lime-tree, 361 4S2 483 Liquorice, 73 Lobers Catchfly, 86 150 198 London Pride, 87 155 202 447 473 475 514 Love Apples, 135 148 184 197 210 275 283 Love-lies-bleeding, 197 Loveage, 69 182 Lupines* 86 150 198 Lychnidea, 202 437 Lychnis, 36 86 S7 I5O 153 I54 1*^8 201 202 359 399 473 Magnolia, 156 208 480 Mallow, 86 150 198 (hrubby, 153 Manure Ground, 41 458 502 520 532 534 Male Flowers of Cucumbers, &c. to impregnate the Fe- male Flowers to fet the young Fruit, 173 Maple, zH 491 March, INDEX. March, 12 Marigolds, 69 131 148 182 107 249 Marjoram, 70 132 1S2 221 392 453 Marvel of Peru, 84 148 197 283 Mailfch, 221 392 May, 200 Medical Herbs, 131 182 183 Medlar- trees, 81 512 Melons, I 49 55 112 114 171 174 259 345 346 394- Method of planting Trees, &C4 80 481 512 508 Mezereons, 37 156 478 Michaelmas Dailies, 20 474 Mignionette, 148 Mint, II 134 182 221 453 454 M'^t.k's-hood, 87 154 474 475 514 Morella Cherry, 508 > Mulberry-tree, 81 470 512 Muflirooms, 17 50 529 beds, make, 415 Muftard. See Small Sallading. Myrtle, 106 167 369 370 373 Myrtle Candle berry, 156 N. Narciflus, 34 359 409 477 5 if Nafturtiums, 150 133 182 198 253 Nedariues, 22 74 141 143 191 102 351 353 362 461 465 505 506 533 New-grafted and b^udded Trees, 193 214 215 23425a New Plantations water. See Watering. New-plantedTrees,&c, 26 36 37 82 300 517 520 534 538 SS^ Nigella, 86 150 198 November, 494 Nurfery, 40 92 162 212 263 409 438 487 520 54 J O. Oak, 90 156 164 212 480 Odober, 445 Oiled-paper Frames, 202 260 336 Oleander, 193 253 256 Onions, 68 119 180 313 271 340 344 381 3^1 42^ Onioa^ INDEX, Onion plants for Scallions, 135 Opuntia, 193 Orach, 69 131 Orange Gourds, 187 207 Trees, &c. 45 105 106 166 167 168 16^ 302?^ 368 369 373 441 491 •trees Bud, 373 413 Oriental Mallows, 86 150 198 P. Palma Chrifti, 148 197 283 Paper Frames for Melons, 20 2 260 446 Parfley, 11 69 70 131 136 182 220 Hamburgh, 69 136 - Parfnep, 6y 122 181 213 458 500 Peach, Ne(5larine3, and Apricots, 22 74 141 143 tgf 277 351 353 362 461 465 505. 506 533 double flowering, 37 478 Pears, t8 75 80 81 83 94 96 97 142 144 16a iBB 192 428 459 460 404 465 465 |©$ 598 5C9 53» Pt88, 16 17 69 izg 185 272 446 404 526 for the flower-garden, 86 150 198 Pennyroyal, 131 182 45^ 45:4 PereRRJal Afte e, g; rj4 2ci Flower Plants, 35 89 153 154 201 202 247 358 362 399 433 473 474 SH Snn-flower, 87 154 201 514 Petfian Iris> 406 477 Lilac, 37 89 156 208 Perficaria, 146 197 283 Phillyrea, 90 156 208 438 480 Phyfical Herbs, 131 182 349 pickling Cucumbers, 206 347 394 Pine Apples, 46 107 108 no 169 170 37S 413 414 442 443 492 522 544 propagate, 375 378 414 trees, 156 163 208 212 366 410 4SI Pinks, 87 91 153 154 2Ci 358 203 474 Pionies, 437 475 piping to propagate Pinks, 358 403 Plane Tree, 482 Plantations of Trees, preparations for, 28 40 41 411 4^9 4J9S-JJ9S« , pj^„^i„g^ INDEX. Planting Fruit-trees, Goofeberries, and Currants, &c. zi 78 80 142 188 465 466 471 506 508 509 511 512 535 Flowering Ihrubs, Ever-greens, and Forefl- trees, 40 89 90 156 157 161 164 208 214437 438 439 478 480 481 482 483 489 517 520 53? Fibrous and Bulbous Flower-plants, Sec, 33 34. 87 88 154 201 202 409 437 473 475 Cuttings, 38 43 44 93 146 165 190 221 359 469 488 490 Plant Box and Thrift, &c. for Edgings, 39 91 158 211 434 486 540 Hedges, 40 91 158 486 540 Plafh Hedges, 91 540 Pleafure Ground and Flower Garden, 31 84 147 190 234 350 399 436 472 513 536 Plums and Cherries, 20 75 81 152 464 506 508 Plum-ftones to fow, for railing Stocks, 94 440 490 Polyanthus, 87 200 202 359 437 474 475 Pomegranates, 236 306, Poplar-tree, 482 540 Poppy, dwarf, 86 150 198 Portugal Laurel, 156 208 480 490 Pot Herb?, 69 70 F31 132 182 220 221 349 392 453 Potatoes, 71 137 186 458 501 Preparing Ground for planting and Towing, 28 40 41 411 429 520 539 543 Primroie, 87 155 202 474 JJ75 514 Primroic-Tree. See Tree Primrore. Privets, 89 478. Propagating by Cuttings and Slips, 38 43 44 93 140 146 190 196 199 zzi 256 288 204 305 339 469 484 488 490 535 538 542 Propagating by layers, 38 43 93 94 140 146 190 199 357 373 402 403 432 472 482 481 487 542 Prooaga-ing by Suckers, 58 44 93 140 4^5 469 472 254 206 2^:. 291 483 519 538 542 Propag?».te. Pi.iko by Pipings, 293 351 408 Propagadn^ various green-houfe Exotics by Cuttings, &c. 206 256 304 305 358 369 371 Hot-houfe Plants 17 Cuttings and Layers, &C. 169 312 379 Pruning INDEX. Pxuning Apples, i8 75 142 144 227 464 506 332 Apricots, 22 74 143 192 225 464 505 533 Cherries, 20 75 142 464 508 533 Currants, 26 7S 145 ^66 510 535 Figs, 138 352 397 5IP Flowf-ring Sh^abs, Evergreens, &c. 37 41 89 9S ^SS 3^1 397 408 436 537 477 4^5 489 Prune Foreft-trees, 40 410 340 Goofeberries, 26 78 145 466 510 535 Nedarines, 22 74 141 143 192 225 461 505 535 Peaches, 22 74 141 143 192 225 461 505 535 Pears, 18 75 1^2 144 227 464 506 532 Plums, 20 75 142 464 506 533 R.-^fpberrif-5, 27 78 145 440 511 536 Standard trees, 29 77 513 533 V-'.rious forts of nees, 489 Vin«s, 25 77 146 190 231 351 395 427 503 Wall-trees, 192 225 25 1 279 396 Pumpkins, 187 208 Purflane, 140 184 220 Pyracantha, 90 156 208 214 480 411 Quincc-tree, 81 512 R. Radilhes, 8 65 121 122 176 343 382 437 495 525 Radifh, turnep rcoied, 66 122 ij-j 222 343 Horfe, 71 Ragged Robin, 202 Ranunculus, 33 88 152 199 234 405 431 476 515 Rape. See Small Sallading. Ralpberries, 27 78 145 470 511 536 Flowering, 37 Rocambole, 70 Rcckets, 87 154 201 473 514 R.ck-role, 478 Rofe Campion, 87 153 154 201 202 473 475 5H Rofemary, 132 183 22 1 393 Rofes, 37 89 156^158 433 478 517 i N D E X. 'forcing in the hot houfe*. 4.9 iii 546 inoculate, 367 Rue, 132 183 221 S. Sage, 132 183 221 349 453 Salfafy, 69 135 184 214 Sattin FJower. See Honefty. Savory, 70 132 102 183 Savoys, 92 117 179 218 337 381 422 ^Saxifrage, 87 400 474 Scabious, 153 201 148 283 407 474 Scallions, 13S Scarlet Lychnis, Sy 153 154 201 202 352 359 473 475 5H Scorpion Senna, 89 208 478 Scorzonera, 69 135 184 214 275 Sedum, 193 371 Seed-beds, 213 300 367 368 404 405 434 ' Seedling Exotics, 168 521 Flowers, 36 206 200 290 401 407 358 359 433 484 51^ Trees and Shrubs, 42 165 299 300 301 366 410 441 Senfitive Plant, 148 194 356 September, 415 Shallots, 70 135 345 Shifting Plants into larger pots, &c. 88 106 167 193 254 303 372 378 411 4'3 Shrubbery, 115 Shrubby Mallow, 153 Skirret, 135 Small Sallading, 10 60 130 176 212 339 388 426 .457 405 525 Snail Flower, 150 198 Snails deftroy, 229 253 283 Snow-drop, 477 Solomon's Seal, 475 Sorrel, 69 131 182 183 453 454 Southern-wood, 395 Spanifh Broom, 89 Nigella, 150 Spawn of Muihrooms, 415 D d Spinach, INDEX. Spinach, i6 66 ii8 177 212 342 379 425 452 500 Spiraea Frutex, 37 89 156 Spring Crocus. See Crocus. Standard Fruit-trees, 29 77 81 50^ 513 533 Stock Gilliflower, 35 153 358 407 433 473 514 Ten-week, 85 148 149 197 Stocks, Fruit-tree, to graft and bud upon, 41 94 95 96 gj 98 162 169 216 356 362 363 373 438- 43^ 440 483 490 Stramonium, 84 194 114 Strawberries, 79 147 195 233 429 469 511 282 forcing early, 30 49 83 in 147 171 547 Strawberry Spinach, 198 I'ree. See Arbutus. Succeflion Pine-apple Plants, 197 312 378 493 Suckers. See Propagation by Suckers. Suckers and Crowns of Pineapples, 312 376 443 Succulent plants, 193 205 371 41 r 444 Sun flower, annual, S6 150 198 392 perennial, 87 153 154 201474 5*4 Supporting Ftovver-plants and Trees, &c.,29 37 82 222 294 362 436 541 Sweet Herbs, 182 220 274 Sweet-fcented Peas, 86 150 19S Sweet Sultan, 19.7 Sweet-william, 35 36 87 153 154 202 358 407 473 5»4 Syri.iga, 57 ^9 156 208 478 517 T. Tangier Pea, 86 150 198 Taniey, 131 183 4'^53 Tarragon, 131 1 83 457 Ten-week Stock?, 85 i/j.8 197 199 Thin Wall-fruit, 192 228 278 Thrift, 39 87 91. .155 158 202 21 r 407 437 474 4S6 '] hyme, 70 132 183 221 274 455 453 Tobacco Flint, 197 283 Torch Thiftie, 371 Tranfplanting Annuals, 214 410 520 539 Apples, 80 465 508 Apricots, 465 506 INDEX. Cabbages, 12 13 64 ii6 214 Carnations, 88 151 ^^j 402 433 " Cauliflower, 62 114 216 216 339, Celery, 340 -jSS Cherries, 80 465 508 Colewort, 392 423 Currants, 78 466 511 Ever-greens, 90*208 214 410 480 Fig-trees, 140^ Filberts, 81 511 Goofeberries, yS ^66 511 Flowering Shrubs, 37 41 89 164 208 437 438 478 5^7 539 Foreft Trees, 95 482 489 517 539 Fruit Trees, 28 80 95 142 188 439 465 Layers, 94 357 402 432 483 487 Medlars, 81 512 Mulberries, 81 512 Nectarines, 80 465 506 Peach Trees, 80 465 506 Pears, 80 465 508 Perennial Flower-plants, 89 154 201 247 358 407 473 5^^ Pine Trees, Firs, &c. 156 164 367 440 481 Plums, 80 465 508 Rarpberries, 28 79 145 471 511 Seedling Plants, 247 283 289 307 Stocks to graft and bud upon, 95 489 Tree PTimrofe, S6 153 154 202 358 474 Trench Ground, 455 502 531 541 Tricolors, 84 148 194 Trimming Flower Plants, &c. 211 294 361 362 40S 410 436 485 Tuberofes, 202 246. Tulips, 32 33 35 8a 152 139 234 246 430 474 514 537 Turf" tor Grafs Walks, &c. 39 90 159 Turnep-rooted Radifr, 66 122 177 343 Turneps, 73 129 184 212 268 341 395 V. Valerian. See Greek Valerian. Venus Lookirg-glafs, 86 150 198 INDEX. NaveKwort, S6 150 198 382 395 427 Vines, 25 77 146 190 231 280 503 535 in a hot-houfe, &c. 82 147 547 propagate, 146 165 190 Vineyard, 233 281 396 191 503 Violets, 87 155 474 Virginia Stock, 198 \V. Wall Flowers, double, &c. 35 152 202 358 433 473 5H Fruit, 192 398 Trees, 149 191 225 351 396 Walnut-tree, 81 512 Wafps dellroy, 352 391 428 Watering, 165 166 214 193 197 22^ 13b 231 250 251 255 280 296 299 300 303 350 367 372 412 443 545 Winged Pea, 198 Winter Cherry, 169 197 Wormwood, 132 183 221 393. Yew Tree, 90 156 208 Berries fow, 488 Hedges, 91 407. FINIS.