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EXAMPLES
OF
(§ott}it ^vtUttttmt;
SELECTED FROM VARIOUS
ANTIENT EDIFICES IN ENGLAND:
CONSISTING OF
PLANS, ELEVATIONS, SECTIONS, AND PARTS AT LARGE;
CALCULATED TO EXEMPLIFY
THE VARIOUS STYLES,
THE PRACTICAL CONSTRUCTION
ADMIRED CLASS OF ARCHITECTURE:
ACCOMPANIED BY
VOL. TIL
By A. W. PuGiN AND T. L. WALKER, Architects.
LONDON: HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
1840.
LONDON:
PRINTED nV MOVES AND BARCLAY, CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE.
TO
WILLIAM BARNARD CLARKE, Esq. F.R.A.S. President,
THOMAS HENRY WYATT, Esq. Vice-President,
GEORGE MAIR, Esq. Vice-President,
E. H. BROWNE, Esq. Secretary,
THE COMMITTEE AND THE MEMBERS
OF THE
girdjitectural ^ociet? of ilontion,
THIS VOLUME
Is InscrfteiJ,
AVITH EVERY SENTIMENT OF RESPECT, GRATITUDE, AND ESTEEM, BY THEIR MOST OBEDIENT HUMBLE SERVANT,
THE AUTHOR.
106, Great liussell Street, Bloomshiry, June, 18.36.
PREFACE TO PART I.
When the lamented death of the late Augustus Pugin took place, two Parts only of the " Second Series" of his Work, entitled " Examples of Gothic Architecture," were published ; but in his last Will, of which he appointed me an executor, in conjunction with Mr. James Morgan (an honour which, as his pupil, I trust ever duly to appreciate), he requested that the Volume might be completed by his Son, who had accompanied him in his last professional tour, for the purpose of making sketches in Somersetshire, during the Autumn of 1832. By the inde- fatigable exertions of the latter, accurate Sketches, geometrically drawn and measured, were taken of the Deayiery and the Bishop's Palace, at Wells, the Abbot's Kitchen, the Tribunal House, the George Inn, and the Abbofs Barn, Glastonbury ; which buildings were delineated in the Third and Fourth Parts, completing the "Second Se?'ies ;" but it was found expedient to omit the Vicars' Close, Wells, of which also Sketches and Admeasurements had been taken, as the limits of that Volume would not admit of so great an addition of Plates as were necessary to elucidate that highly interesting building. Mr. Pugin intended giving it as an Appendix to that Work ; but was prevented from undertaking so desirable an addition, by various professional engage- ments, and other business, accumulating on his hands. Had the late Mr. Pugin been spared, a Third Volume would, ere this, have been
VI PREFACE TO PART I.
Ijefore the Public ; and, actuated by a desire to carry the intentions of the Author into execution, I was induced to communicate my wishes to his Son, who immediately allowed me to become the purchaser of his Sketches, which form the subjects delineated in the following Plates. I was anxious, also, to enlist the services of Mr. WiLLSON, whose original design these valuable Works were, and whose Descriptive and Historical Notices of the several buildings con- tained in the two former Volumes, render them so much more inter- esting ; but, at that time, from several severe family afflictions and illness, together with professional engagements, he had been prevented finishing the Second Volume, which he has only very lately been enabled to complete ; and he found himself precluded from granting me his able assistance, without laying aside the letterpress description of the " Gothic Ornaments" now in hand. To this I could not con- scientiously assent, well knowing how anxious the Subscribers were for that portion of the Work, and how serious an injury it had already sustained by remaining in an incomplete state ; and, accordingly, have been presumptuous enough to lay my own shoulder to the wheel, in order that so valuable an addition, as I knew these Plates would form to the library of the Architect and Amateur, should be made with as little delay as possible.
How far my boldness may have conduced to success, must be left for a liberal public opinion to determine ; but should it be deemed that any additional interest has been given by the short Historical Account of the Building and the Description of the Plates, I claim no credit for originality, having contented myself with
PREFACE TO PART I. VU
carefully collecting all the information possible, and condensing it into the following pages ; and, to give additional interest, have added a Biographical Sketch of each Benefactor in the Notes.
I have also been induced to give an Appendix, containing a table of the Statutes and Ordinances by which the body of the Vicars-Choi'al were governed, laid down by the founder. Bishop Ralph of Shrews- bury, and confirmed and enlarged by Bishop Beckington, which are partially in force to this day : also, translations of the Letters Patent granted by King Edward III., and of the original Deed of Gift, as confirmed by the two Chapters of the united sees of Bath and Wells ; but regret my limits would not allow me to transcribe the Statutes themselves and the New Charter granted by Queen Elizabeth. For these valuable documents I am indebted to the present venerable Bishop, the Right Reverend George Henry Law, LL.D., whose promptness in affording facilities to research by antiquarian authors has already formed the subject of several eulogies in works of a similar nature, and which, I trust, will be duly appreciated by the curious who may peruse the present Volume.
I am greatly indebted to Mr. Thomas T. Bury, who has engraved the Plates, for the care and attention he has bestowed upon them ; and have little doubt but that these specimens of an art he has only lately been induced to follow, will bring him ostensibly before the notice of lovers of illustrated literature. I was induced to engage his services, on account of the intimate knowledge he possessed of Gothic forms, acquired by a long series of study under the late
Vlll PREFACE TO PART I.
Mr. PuGiN, To Mr. G. B. Wollaston, who was lately my pupil, I feel myself also called upon to tender thanks for his exertions, and trust they may be the means of leading him on to the higher walks of Architectural Study.
From my Subscribers and the Public I must crave the usual indulgence, so much and so often needed by authors for their first attempts in literary labours ; and take a respectful leave ; hoping soon again to address them in the two following portions of this Volume: but, that I might not be guilty of undue intrusion, in case of my success not being so complete as vanity might prompt me to imagine, and also for the convenience of such as, from old associa- tions alone, would wish to possess Illustrations of so "faire a place," I have made this, the first of three Parts, a complete Work in itself
THOMAS LARKINS WALKER.
106 Great Russell Street, Bloomshunj, London, June 1836.
PREFACE
SECOND EDITION.
In presenting this Volume, in its present complete state, before the public, I feel it to be a duty no less gratifying to, than incumbent on, me to tender my best thanks and most grateful acknowledgments for the kindness, liberality, and consideration shewn me, while engaged in an undertaking which, on the outset, I felt to be of no ordinary magnitude ; but which, cheered and encouraged by numerous subscribers and kind friends, I was enabled to accomplish with almost unusual punctuality.
It would be egotistical in me, who have merely contented myself with treading in another's footsteps, to ascribe all the patronage and support I have met with to individual merit or exertion ; and, therefore, to the memory of my predecessor, as well as to my coadjutors in these labours, I attribute a great share of my complete success.
In the ^^ Preface to Part I." I mentioned the names of those to whom I considered myself deeply indebted for their able assistance ; but to others, no less than to them, I feel myself called upon now to testify my gratitude. To the Rev. Richard Warner, rector of Great Chalfield ; Mr. Waldron, of Lipiat ; and Mr Loscombe, late
X PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
of Corsham, I am indebted for valuable contributions towards the historical elucidation of the Manor-House and Church at Great Chalfield, and the Altar-Tomb in Corsham Church ; and to Walter Long, Esq. M. P. of Rood Ashton and South Wraxhall, to Mr. Charles Edward Long, and Mr. Walter Long, of Preshaw, I also feel deeply grateful for the great assistance they severally afforded me in elucidating the history of South Wraxhall Manor-House.
That the Gothic Style of Architecture is becoming daily more deservedly appreciated must be evident to every one, when it is remembered that, in the competition for the Houses of Parliament (the grandest undertaking which the Government of this country has ever had in hand since the revival of Gothic taste), the Gothic and Elizabethan were the only styles in which designs were received ; and that the choice fell on one in the former style — the production of Mr. Barry. That this mark of distinction was only due to that eminent architect, not only the voice of the pro- fession, but that, also, of the country, have since acknowledged , and we have much cause of congratulation that the selection had been intrusted to men of taste. The same spirit shews itself in the present supply of church-room so extensively demanded ; and to no one, perhaps, more than to the present Bishop of London, are we indebted for the erection of so many structures in this style in his lordship's own diocess — an example which has been universally followed in the provinces.
In the " Historical Account of the INIanor- House of Great Chalfield," I mentioned that " the " then " possessor, anxious to pre- " " serve this truly venerable fabric, has intrusted the author with " "the necessary repairs." Such was then the case; but from pru-
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. XI
dential motives it was found expedient (after the roof and two exterior walls of the Guest Chamber had been taken down, in con- sequence of their threatening danger to the inmates,) to abandon those repairs — so far as regarded the restoration of the original design, and the late Sir Harry Burrard Neale, anxious to consult the comforts of a worthy tenant, consented to cut the noble Banqueting Hall into two heights, in order to supply bedrooms above, and kitchen, &c. below ! ! ! * Thus, the interior symmetry of the Hall is totally destroyed, the Screen removed, and the North Frontage disfigured by the insertion of modern windows under the original ones of the Hall ; and the armed knight, which terminated the gable of the Guest Chamber, is enshrined inside the semicircular Oriel Window ! ! !
I take a respectful leave, hoping soon to revive my acquaint- ance with those who, humble as my exertions may have been, have shewn themselves ready to "take the will for the deed," and to appreciate a zeal which I trust may never abate.
THOMAS LARKINS WALKER.
2 Keppel Street, Russell Square, London, February 1840.
* See " A Visit to Great Chalfield, Wiltshire," by Viator, in " Gentleman's Magazine," March 1838, Vol. IX. No. 3.
EXAMPLES
OF
(3ot\)it ^rcf)itecture.
VOL. III.
LIST OF PLATES.
THE VICARS' CLOSE, WELLS, SOMERSETSHIRE.
I, General Ground Plan of the Close, as completed by Bishop Beckington's Executors.
The Vicars' Dwellings.
2. n. Elevation and Transverse Section of each House.
3. III. Plan and Longitudinal Section of ditto.
4. IV. Chimney-shaft and Window at large of ditto.
5. V. Elevation and Section of a small Oriel Window towards the
Road.
6. VI. Plan and Details of ditto, and End Elevation of the East Row
of Houses.
7. VI*. Plan, Elevation, Section, and Details of a Porch ; Rebuses,
Coat of Arms, &c.
XIV
The Chapel and Library.
8. VII. South Elevation and Transverse Section, looking East.
9. VIII. Plans and Details.
] 0. IX. Elevation and Section of the Doorcase and Door, with Details.
11. X. Plans, Sections, and Elevations of the Windows, and Details.
12. XI. Bell Turret, Niche at the corner of the Parapet, &c. at large.
The Common Hall and the Chain-Gate.
1.3. XII. Ground-Plan of the Entrance-Gateway to the Close, and the
Chain-Gate.
14. XIII. First-floor Plan of the Hall, Buttery, Kitchen, and Gallery
over the Chain-Gate.
15. XIV. Elevation of the Hall towards the Road, and Transverse
Section of the Chain-Gate.
16. XV. Elevation, Section, and Details of the South Oriel Window.
17. XVI. Plan, Interior Elevation, Section of Soffit, and Details of ditto.
18. 19. XVII. XVIII. Transverse Section of the Hall through the Entrance-Gate-
way of the Close, East Elevation of the Chain-Gate and Gallery over, and of the Tower and Staircase.
20. XIX. One of the Centre Compartments of the Gallery over the
Chain-Gate, and Details.
21. XX. Elevation of the Hall towards the Close, and Transverse
Section of the Staircase.
22. XXI. Exterior and Interior Elevations, Section, and Details of one
of the Windows of the Hall.
23. XXII. Longitudinal Section of the Hall from E. to W. looking S.
24. XXIII. Plan, Section, Elevation, and Details of the Fireplace and
Firedogs in the Hall.
25. XXIV. Transverse Section of the Hall through the Doorways,
Staircase, and small Lobby.
26. XXV. Plan of the Groining of the Porch leading to the Staircase,
Coats of Arms, and top of Oak Panelling at large.
XV
THE MANOR-HOUSE AND CHURCH AT GREAT CHALFIELD,
WILTSHIRE.
27. I. Perspective View from the North West restored.
28. II. General Ground Plan.
The Manor-House.
29. Ill Ground and First-floor Plans.
30. IV. North Front, and Figures terminating the Gables at large.
31. V. Longitudinal Section, Details of Roofs, &c.
32. VI. Two Transverse Sections, Figures terminating the Gables at
Large, &c.
33. VII. Elevation and Section of the Semicircular Oriel Window,
North Front.
34. VIII. Plans and Details of the Semicircular Oriel Window, North
Front.
35. IX. Interior Elevation and Details of ditto, ditto.
36. X. Window of Bay of Hall, and Window of Hall, ditto.
37. XI. Elevation and Section of the Octagonal Oriel Window, ditto.
38. XII. Plans and Details of ditto, ditto.
39. XIII. Plan and Section of the Porch, and Details, ditto.
40. XIV. Plan of the North-East Bay of the Hall, and Details.
41. XV. Three Square-heaJed Windows, and details.
42. XVI. Elevation and Section of the Fireplace in the Hall, and
Details of the Chimney-shafts.
43. XVII. Elevation of the Oak Screen in the Hall, and Details.
44. XVIII. Panelling at large of ditto, and Details.
45. XIX. Large Bosses in the centre of the Hall-ceiling, Masks in the
Hall, at large, and Details.
46. XX. Small Bosses, executed in Plaster, at large, and restoration
of one compartment of Hall-ceiling.
XVI
The Church.
47. I. West Elevation and Longitudinal Section.
48. II. Transverse Section, Plan, and Details of the Oak-ribbed
Ceiling of the Chapel, and of the Arch-mouldings.
49. III. Porch at large, and Details.
50. IV. Belfry and West Window at large, and Details.
51. V. Stone Screen, and Details.
52. VI. Back Elevation of Top of ditto. Coats of Arms, and Details.
53. VII. Oak Seat and Desk, and Stone Piscina, at large, and Details.
Tomb in Corsham Church, Wilts.
54. VIII. Tomb of Thomas Tropenell, Esq., and Agnes his Wife, in
the Chantry.
THE MANOR-HOUSE AT SOUTH WRAXHALL, WILTSHIRE.
55. I. Perspective View from the South- West.
56. 57. 11. III. Ground Plan, 58, 59. IV. V. First-floor Plan.
The Entrance Gateway.
60- VI. Elevation toM'ards the Road, and Ground Plan.
^^- VII. Longitudinal Section and Plan of Porter's Dwelling.
'52. VIII. Elevation and Section of the Oriel Window.
63. IX. Plans and Details of ditto.
The Banqueting Hall, &c.
^^- X. Elevation of the Hall and Drawing Room towards the Court.
65- XI. Porch and Details.
^^- XII. Window of North-West Bay, and Details.
67. XIII. Window of Hall, and Details.
6^- XIV. Longitudinal and Transverse Sections of the Hall.
69. XV. Details of the Roof of the Hall.
''^- XVI. Gap Mouths, and Details of the Roof over the Drawing Room.
xvu
71. XVII. Interior perspective View of the Drawing Room. Wood-cut at page 54. Tomb in South Wraxhall Church.
CHURCH OF SAINT PETER AT BIDDESTON, WILTSHIRE.
72. I. South Elevation and Ground Plan. 7.3. II. Bell Turret, and Details of ditto.
74. III. Porch, and Details of ditto.
75. IV. Interior Door, Piscinas, and Details.
76. V. Windows, and Details of ditto.
Wood-cut at page 67. Bell Turret of Saint Peter's at Biddeston, in perspective.
Ditto ditto. Bell Turret of Saint Nicholas' at Biddeston, in perspective.
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
OF THE
Vicars' Close at fmclls>
SOMERSETSHIRE.
The Chantry Priests attached to the Choir of the Cathedral Church of St. Andrew at Wells, were first ordained by Bishop Joceline de Welles, or Trotman* a.d. 1237,t who created many new prebends or canonries, and appointed a chanter to each benefice, three excepted. J These chantry priests he styled Vicars-Choral, and intended they should supply the places of the canons in chanting and performing divine service; but they do not seem to have had any regular establishment until Walter de Hulle, subdean of this cathedral in 1334., and archdeacon of Bath in 1342, § gave two mes- suages and lands in Wells, that the thirteen chantry priests who officiated in the choir might live in common together. For their better government,
• Vicarios chorales primus ordinavit, qui Canonicorum vices in canendo et sacris operando peragerent. — GoDwyx, De Prtesulibus Anglits Commentarius, in Vita Jocelini de Wells, p. 371. Richardson's edition, Canterbury, 1743.
t Joceline de Wells, called, in the Annates Marganenses, Joceline Trotman, elected by the joint suffrages of the canons
of Bath and Wells, was consecrated at Reading in the Chapel of St. Mary, May 28th, 1'206 Diicdale's Momsticon,
vol. ii. p. 277. During bis episcopacy, the monks of Glastonbury obtained a dissolution of their enforced union with this see ; agreeing to surrender some valuable manors and the advowsons of several churches ; and Joceline afterwards resumed the title of Bath and Wells, which has continued to be used by the bishops to this day. He was forced into exile by King John, for having interdicted the nation, pursuant to the Pope's command, in 1208 ; but on his return, five years afterwards, he applied himself particularly to the improvement of the Church of Wells. He obtained from Hugh, bishop of Lincoln, the valuable manors of Congresbury, Chedder, and Axbridge, and annexed them to his see. He rebuilt and dedicated anew the cathedral on the 23d of October, 1239 ; added a chapel to the Bishop's Palace at Wells, and built many other edifices. He died on the 19th of November, 1242, and was buried in the middle of the choir in Wells Cathedral, under a marble tomb inlaid with his figure in brass ; but the latter had been toni away in Godwyn's time, and the tomb was '* shamefully defaced." — History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Wetk, by J. BniTTOx, F.S.A., pp. 33, .34, and 106.
{ Vicarios in Ecclesia singulis Praebendariis ordinavit; tribus exceptis, quibus non provisit morte pi.-Eventus. — Wharton's Anglia Sacra, pars i. p. .564. See also Collinson's Hisiory nf Somersetshire, vol. iii. p. 381. Godwyn, De Prtesulibus, p. 370. Harl. MSS. 6968, PL. XLV.G.
§ Le Neve's Fasti, pp. 42 and 45. Duodale's Monasticon, vol. vi. Pt. III. p. 1466. London, 1830.
B
2 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE
Bishop Rachilphus cle Salopiu, or Ralph of Shrercsbury ,* made certain statutes and ordinances, dated 7 Id. April, a.d. 1347,f a table of which is given in the Appendix ; and in the following year began to erect a new college for their residence, obtained the king's letters patent confirming his gift, ^ and had the same ratified by the prior and chapter of Bath, and the dean and chapter of Wells, appointing " a certain place of the soil of the church of" " St. Andrew at Wells, and the houses in the same place, built and to be " " built by the said Ralph, to have and to hold to them and their successors," " vicars of the church aforesaid, for their common and perpetual cohabitation." Also, allowing him to charge his " lands and tenements in Congresbury," " parcel of his bishopric aforesaid, with an hundred shillings annuity," and " certain other lands and tenements with the appurtenances in Wookey, with" " another hundred shillings annuity," and " to give and assign the same ten " "pounds annuity to the said vicars, celebrating and which shall celebrate" " divine service in the said church, in augmentation of their sustenance, to be " " perceived and had yearly out of the said lands and tenements to the same " " vicars and their successors for ever." It appears that this college consisted of " the hall, kitching, bakehouse, and other houses in the same place, built " " and to be built." § He endowed their body with other lands which he had obtained from the Feoffees of Walter de HuUe, in Wellsleigh, Eston, and Dulcot, II together with a yearly charge of =£6. 13s. 4f/. upon the vicarage of Chew.
• Radulphus de Salopia, multiim hie a Wellensibus nostris celebratur, quod Collegii Vicariorum primus estiterit fundator. — De Prasulibus, p. 376, in Fitu Radiilphi de Siilopia. He was Keeper of the King's Wardrobe, Cbancellor of the University of Oxford (in 1328), and was elected Bishop of this diocess by the two chapters of Bath and ^Vells on the 2d of June, 1329 ; he was consecrated, prior to obtaining tlie Pope's approval, on the 3d of December fol- lowing; and Walsingham says, it cost him " a huge sum of money" before he could procure a full confirmation from the Court of Rome. He was a munificent benefactor to his Cathedral and diocess, rebuilt the Church at Winscombe from the foundations, constructed the court-house at Claverton, and a great chamber at Kvercreech, with many other edifices upon tlie episcopal estates. He erected a house for the choristers and their master on the west side of the cloisters, and surrounded the episcopal palace at ^Vells with a strong stone wall and a moat. He also procured, " with great cost," the disafforestation of ^lendip forest, and gave some rich ecclesiastical vestments, with many otlier things, to his churches at Bath and Wells; of which Godw)-n says that he believed, in his time, nothing remained but a great chest bound with iron, in which the chapter seal was kept. He died at Wiveliscombe on the 14th of August, 1363, and was buried before the high altar in the presbytery at Wells, but his tomb was removed to its present situation in the north aisle, close to the second column from the east, at the back of the choir ; because, says Lelaud, in his Itinerary, vol. iii. p. 108, it obstructed the priests in their ministiation. BnixTON's Wells Calhedral, pp. 38, 39, and 109. See also Anglia Sacra, pars i. in Fiiu Uadulphi de Salopid, p. 568, Dugdale's Mor.asticnn, vol. ii. pp. 278, 279.
t Monasticon, vol. vi. p. 1466, and notes. See, also, the Appendix.
t Pat. 22. Edward III. p. 3, m. 16. Pro mansio vicariorum et terris in Congresbury et Woky.
§ See this deed of gift in the Appendix.
II Pat. 26. Edward HI. p. 2, m. 6. Pro ten. in Wellesle, Eston, et Dulcot, ex douo feofl'atorum Walter! de HuUe, archdiacon. Batboa.
VICARS CLOSE AT WELLS. 3
Godvvyn says, that a picture of inferior workmanship, expressive of the memory of this benefit, was placed on the wall over the porch leading to the hall stall's, in which the vicars, kneeling in the choir, seemed to address the bishop, seated on his throne, in the following words: —
" Per vicos positi villoe, pater almc rogamus, " Ut simul uniti, te dante domos maneamus :"
to whom he thus seemed to reply : —
" Vestra petuut merita, quod sint concessa petita ; " Ut maneatis ita, loca fecimus hie stabilita :"
and mentions that, this picture being nearly worn out, another of excellent workmanship was placed in the hall, commemorative of this and other donations, of which more will be said hereafter.* Time must have made sad havoc of the buildings erected by this prelate, as few traces now remain of the original design ; it will be seen, however, by referring to Plate XXII., which shews a longitudinal section of the hall, kitchen, &c. &c., that the room under, and the two light-windows in, the hall, which latter are given on a larger scale in Plate XXL, are much older than the other portions, being beautiful examples of the Decorated Style. It may safely be presumed that there were more of those windows, and that a symmetrical aiTangement existed, as, in plan, there are two exactly opposite each other in the north and south walls east of the present doors. Three only remain, one towards the road shewn in Plate XIV., and two towards the Close, Plate XX. ; the others must have been destroyed by alterations and additions made by subsequent benefactors. The windows of the chapel on the ground-floor, see Plates VII. and X., seem also of the same period, the door having been inserted under the tracery-head of one of them ; which, on examining the masonry, will be found to be the case, there being a straight joint on the right-hand jamb, from the spring to the ground, and the basement moulding has been cut away, as shewn in Plate VII. ; also, in the west wall, there is an appearance outwardly of a counter-arch, where, probably, a door existed, but which must have been stopped up when the gardens were added in front of the houses.
There are lettere patent referred to by Tanner in the time of Richard II.
* GoDwvN, De Prcesulibus, iu Vita Radulphi de SalopiS, p. 376.
ft HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE
and Henry V., which are grants to this college.* The former may liave been in the time of Bishop Ralph Erglium, who was a great benefactor to the Cathedral Church of Wells, having, in his will, requested his executors to build a College in the street then called La Moimtery, but, afterwards. College Lane, for fourteen priests^ or chaplains,^ daily ministering in the Cathedral, that they might live in common together : this has been by some confounded with the Vicars' Close ; and in notes taken by S. and N, Buck,§ at Wells, this prelate is made the " founder" of " a neat college for the vicars and singing men, on the north side of the Cathedral ; " evidently referring to the Vicars' College ; but IMounteri) College, or Moiinterox College, was destroyed, its revenues were confiscated at the time of the suppression of the monasteries,]! and, in the reign of Elizabeth, a mansion was built on its site, which went by the name of Mountroij House. This mansion was pulled down about five years ago, and the site thrown into a pleasure-ground. These worthies have also made him the builder of the embattled wall round the Bishop's Palace : and in pages 50 and 51 of the Lansd. IMS. 905, interlined but erased, is the name of Ralph de Shrezvsbury, as if the writer had received contradictory information.^
The grant in Henry the Fifth's time may have been bestowed by Bishop
• TjiNNEn, Kutit. Monast. XLll. Somersetshire. — Pat. 1. Richard II. p. 5, m. IP, pro eccl. de Meriet approprianda.^ Pat. 1. Henry V. p. 3, m. 8.
•f- Sacerdotibus porro quatnordecim CoUegiura fundavit Welliie, ad esituin vici qui inde College Lane appellatur. — GoDWYN, De PrtE:iiUibus, p. 378.
i Fecit etiam construi per Executores suos in vico vocato La Monnterue, mansiones pro XIV. Capelknm in dicta Ecclesiii Wellensi indies celebrantibus. AiigUa Sacra, pars i. p. 570. See, also, Harl. MSS. 69(58, under the head o( Komiiia Eporum in Somers., in which the above quotation, in the notice of Ralph Erjjhuni, occurs verbatim, aud is extracted from the register of Wells.
§ Mus, Brit. Bibl. Lansd, 1233, LXXIX, G. " Ralph Erghura built a neat college for vicars and singing men, adjoining to the N. part of the church : and also enclosed the Bp* palace with a wall, [but certainly Ralph Erghum did it.] Qui ob 10 April die Sabbi, & vallavit muris et fossis Palatm Jipi. apd. Wells, et jacet ibm A.u. M.CCCC. ha duical C. i. e. on the Sabbath day."— Ibid, 905, PL. LXXIX. F. pp. 49 and 50. "The palace on the south side of the cathedral is neatly built, and, on that side, appears like a castle, being fortified with an embattled wall and a ditch by Ralph de Erghum, who came to the chair a.d. 1383. He also made the college for the vicars and singing men on the north side of the church."
II Willis's Mitred Abbeys, vol. ii. p. 200.
IF Lansdowne MS. 905, LXXIX. F. p. 50. " The Bp" Palace on the So. side the cathedral is a fabrick to be admired for its grandeur, looking towards the South like a Castle, being fortified with an embattled wall *' by Ralph de Erghura : by Ralph do Shrowcbury, Bp of WcUcno hero."
and a ditch, and the prebendarys houses are handsomely built on tho other side. This Bp also built a neat college for the vicars and singing men on the North side of the Church." And, in p. 51, "The Bishop's Palace is a handsome structure, standing on the south side of the Cathedral, and appears like a Castle, being fortified with an embattled wall and a ditch, by Ralph de Erghum, elected bishop a.d. 1388. He also built a neat college for the vicars and singing men on the North side of the Cathedral."
In Camden's Britannia, Bishop Erghum is also said to have built the " College of Vicars, first founded by E,. de Salopia,'' and "enlarged by Bekington," see vol. i. p. 77, London, 1789. See, also, p. 187 of the edition, London, 1772. See Pucin's Examples, 2d series, p. 43,
VICARS CLOSE AT WELLS. 5
Nicholas Bubivith, as his arms occur on the door of the Chapel, and also on the painted glass of the windows.
The next and principal addition made to this building was by Bishop Thomas Beckington,* who built the Close-Hall-Gate, or Chain-Gate, which connects the Vicars' Close with the Cathedral ; it extends from the Hall to the staircase leading (from the North Transept) to the Chapter House ; of which the flight is continued to the floor of the gallery over this gateway. This eminent and distinguished person, who, by Godwyn, is characterised as " a good statesman, a good churchman, a good townsman, a good subject, a good kinsman, a good master, and a good man," was a munificent benefactor to the church and city of Wells. Soon after his promotion to this see, he built a row of houses on the north side of the Market-place, which he called his Nova Opera ; and granted a supply of water fiom St. Andrew's Well, in the grounds of the Episcopal Palace, to a conduit in the market-place, flowing night and day, which he vested in the master, brethren, and burgesses of the City of Wells for ever; f in commemoration of which benefit, they bound themselves to visit yearly the spot in the cathedral where he should be interred, there to pray for his soul, and the souls of all the faithful deceased : and he granted an indulgence of forty days to all such as
* Thomas de Beckington, LL.D., succeeded to the see of Bath and Wells on the 13th of October, 1443, in the peaceable enjoyment of which he remained till his death, which took place on the 14th of January, 1464-5. He seems to liave been of obscure origin, as he took his name from the small town of Beckington, near Frome, Somersetshire ; and in a Journal of Beck-ington, published in 1828 by Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, it is conjectured that his birth took place about 1385, which would make him 80 years of age at his death ; this is by no means impro- bable, as he was obliged to apply for permission to absent himself from parliament on account of his advanced age. He was educated at William de Wykeham's College, at Winchester; and, whilst there, seems to hare attracted the attention of that prelate for his abilities and comeliness of person ; having distinguished himself, he was removed to Wykeham's New College, at Oxford, of which he became a fellow in 1408 ; he took the degree of Doctor of Laws, and obtained various ecclesiastical dignities. He was afterwards appointed tutor to the young King Henr)' VI. was made Dean of the Arches, Chancellor to Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, Archdeacon of Buckingham, Prebendary of Lichfield, York, and Wells, Rector of St. Leonard's, near Hastings, and of Sutton, in the diocess of Salisbury. He seems to have acquired great fame by writing a refutation of the Salique Law, which proved the right of the Kings of England to the crown of France. This called forth additional favours from the court, and he was made principal Secretary of State and Keeper of the Privy Seal. In 1442, he was intrusted, together with Robert Roos, knt., and Edward Hull, esq., with an embassy to negotiate a marriage between the king, Henry VL, and a daughter of the Count of Armagaac. Henry at length got him elected to this see, to which he was consecrated in Eton College Chapel, October l3tb, a.d. 1443. — See a Life of this bishop affixed to a Journal of one of the Suite of Beckington, by Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Esq., Barrister-at-Law. Godwyn, De Vrcemlihus, Brixton's Wells Cathedral, pp. 43-48, and 111, Anglia Sacra. Willis's Survei) of Cathedrals, &jc. C*ssa's's Lives of the Bishops of Bath a nd Wells.
By many, Bectington is styled the Founder of the Vicars' Close ; but he himself did not presume to such distinction; as, in the statutes and injunctions revised by him, is one which enjoins, *'That every vicar going out or going in att the Close Gate shall say a Pater Noster and an Ave ]Maria for the soul of the Bisiiop Ralph of Shrewsbury, founder of the said Close, and for the souls of his predecessors, ffuthers, and mothers, and their benefactors, and for all Christian souls." — The Statutes and Charter of Close Hall, p. 12, MS. in the possession of the Bishop of Bath and Wells.
t GoDwvN', De Prasulibns, p. 380.
6 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE
sliould duly perform this solemn service. He built three gate-houses, one leading from the Market-place into the palace, one from the same into the Cathedral Close to the south, and a third, the Chain-gate referred to, ex- tending from the Vicars' Close to the cathedral on the north, which seems to have been the principal addition made to this building by him in his lifetime ; see Plate XVII.-XVIII., which shews a transverse section through the hall looking west, with an elevation of this gate-house on the left or south side, and the tower and staircase, on the right or north side, ascending from the close to the hall. This gateway, which formed the entrance into the Cathedral Close from the north-west, consists of a vaulted carriage-way and a passage on each side for pedestrians ; over these, and leading from the hall into the chapter-house staircase, is a gallery of communication for the vicars-choral when required to perform service in the choir.* This building is chaste and elegant in design, and is ornamented with mouldings beautifully executed in freestone ; over the centre arch are two compartments or bays, divided by enriched pinnacles ter- minating in crockets and finials above a panelled parapet ; each bay contains a window of two lights, divided by a transom, with a canopied niche and statue in the centre, under one arch and label; one of these compartments is shewn on a larger scale in Plate XIX. Over each passage is a window of two lights with similar tracery, and the same design is carried through, by windows of three lights, till it abuts against the north wall of the chapter-house staircase, except that the pinnacles are stopped under the parapet by a sculptured head or foliated boss. On this building Beckington's arms and rebus occur three times, viz. on the key-stone of the vaulting, and under each of the two windows of the small ante-room which communicates from the hall to the passage or withdrawing-room. See Plates XII., XIV., and XVII.-XVIII.
In his will, after various bequests to the churches of Bath and Wells,
* Itineraritim Willelmi de Wcrrcestre, ed. J. Nasmith, 1778, p. 286. Under the works by Beckington, at Wells, he has the following referring to this gateway : " Item fecit aliam portam apud le close, estendendo de le close usque
le cathedrall chyrch per vias et voltain sicco pede cooperto ad mat et constabat in edificiis ultra D marcas."
See CoLUNSON, vol. iii. p. 403. In Britton*s Wells Cathedral, PI. Ill, shews the commencement of the staircase, from the north transept to the chapter-house on the left of the picture; PI. I., ground plan, shews, in the plan of the chapter-house, the stairs continued beyond the entrance, up to the Vicars' Gallery ^ PI. IV. shews the west elevation of this gateway, but the two centre windows ought Lot to be shewn glazed in the middle, as statues occupy niches there ; PI. XX. shews a view of the Entrance Gateway of the Close, and the Chain-gate and gallery, from the east ; PI. XVIII. shews an interior of the staircase to the chapter-house, which leads up to the Vicars' Gallery, the steps winding to the right into the chapter-house. In Briiton's Picturesque Antiquities of English Cities are two perspective views of the Vicars' Close, Wells ; one shewing The Chapel ; on the left, part of the Chaplain's House, and on the right, part of the Vicars' Dicellings, and one of the small Porches, which has a good effect. The otlier is a view through the Entrance Cateuaii, shewing the Vicars' Dwellings, and the Chapel in the distance. — See p. 72 of the Descriptions.
VICARS CLOSE AT WELLS. 7
and others in his diocess, as also to his servants and dependants, he left twenty pounds to each of his three executors, who were Richard Szmn* Pre- centor of Wells and Rector of Yevelton ; Hugh Sugar, alias Norris, LL.D.,^^ Treasurer of Wells ; and John Pope* alias Talbot, D.D., Prebendary of St. Decumans, and Rector of Shyre ; with a request that they would bestow the residue of his property "In pios usus :" a trust which they conscientiously fulfilled by adding to the Close or College of the Vicars-choral, which they rendered the most beautiful of the kind in England.;!: It is to be presumed that they restored or rebuilt entirely the Vicars' Dwellings, which consist of forty-two houses, twenty-one on each side of the area, with gardens attached, divided by dwarf walls, and having each a porch at the entrance ; as on the chimney-shafts of these houses, under the arms of the see and those of Beckington alternately, their several rebuses are introduced successively. See Plates il. and IV.
• Jolin Pope & Ric. Swan, clici, dederunt monerium de Schepliam A; adrocacoem ecclicp ejusd., qua; habuenmt ex dono et feoflamento Tbo. de Bekvnton epT, \\ illo Witham, decaao Well, et capitulo, ac alruin totum jus suum in manerio de Ceddre eisdem decano et capitulo, in usum et sustentacoem vicariorum choralium eccl. catb. Well. 9. E. IV." — Harl. MSS. 69o8. p. 65.
t Hugh Sugar, alias Norris, LL.D., was collated Archdeacon of Bath, Feb. 26, 1459, and Treasurer of Wells, May 1, 1460 ; be died in tbe latter end of April, or beginning of ftlay, 1489 (Le Neve's Fasti), as on tbe 29tb of Way, 1489, Oliver Benbam was installed, by procuration. Prebendary of Lutton, vacant by his death. — Harl. MSS. 6968. By the same SIS. it appears, that he was at continual variance with tbe dean and chapter, as, in vigil Pascb. Richard Wortbington, of Wells, was unjustly and privily installed Precentor of Wells, and Prebendary of Combe 12 annexed, by Hugh Sugar, tbe treasurer, against tlie statutes and ordinances of tbe church. Tbe dean and chapter wrote two admonitory letters, but be refused to give up tbe three keys of tbe common seal which were in his keeping ; and, on the 19th May, 1487, it was ordained by the dean and chapter, that in the suit pending between tbe dean and chapter of the one part, and Richard Wortbington, the rejected precentor, of the other part, that the three keys which were in tbe custody of Hugh Sugar, as senior residentiary, sliould remain in the hands of the precentor or the next senior residentiary, and that tbe said Hugh Sugar, in the absence of the dean and sub-dean, should not occupy the place of president of the chapter, hut the precentor, or the next senior residentiary. Richard Wortbington was fined twenty pounds for disobedience and contempt ; he submitted to the dean and chapter, and was forthwith admitted Precentor of Wells, and installed Prebendary of Combe 12, annexed to that office, vacant by the death of Richard Su-aii. On tbe 19th Oct. 1487, there was a dispute beweeen him and tbe dean and chapter, for felling and injuring trees growing in the cemetery, and for letting out graves, also for neglecting to supply lights for divine service, settled by compromise. On the 2d of April, 1488, an ecclesiastical suit was instituted against Hugh Sugar, for diminishing the number of lights, and for other serious injuries. Hugh Sugar is said by Godwvn, De Prcesitiihus, ]>. 381 , to have built the beautiful Chauntrii Chapel, opposite to that of Bishop L'ubvvitb, in the Kare; hut by this MS. it appears that it was built by his, Svgar*s, e.tecutor, William Bocat, in lieu of a wooden one, which origiuallv stood there : " 22 Jun. 1489, Mag*" Will. Bocat. canon resident, nomine ac vice executor IMa^ri Hug. Sugar, nut>. Thesauri licentiam petiit a dec. et capilo, ad pro- sternend. & abstrahend. capellam ligneara in navi ecclk-e & ne novo erigend. & reedificand. eande ibidem." Mr. Britton has cited Godwyn, see p. 112, Hist, of ]VeUs Cathedral. He built a stone lantern, which was removed by the .order of tbe dean and chapter. " 7 Sep. 1489, decretu est q'' duo cerei ardere deberent in pulpito juxta antiquam consuetudinem diiE eccl. ac prout juxta ordinale ejusd. ecclue ordinatur : decietum etiam est q'' laterna lapidea imp p Mag. Hug. Sugar facta et constrncta distruatur et araoveatur." This, probably, may liave led to the mistake.
J " Opes ab Episcopo relictas impenderunt isti universas, in Collegia augendo Vicariorum Choralium ; quod omnium fotius Angliffi ejus generis speciosissimiun reddiderunt." — Godwvn, De Prcesulihus, p. 831. " Under three Gravestones, parallel to each other, lie Sugar, Swan, and Talhnt, executors of Bishop Beckington, who finished the Vicars' Choral Close: of whom see an account in Godwvn, De PriEsu/idus.''— Willis's Mitred Abbeys, vol. ii. p. 375.
8 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE
On the side of the south oriel window of the hall is a shield bearing a cross of St. Andrew, with the name of Eiru6 ^3omfrOJ) (see Plates XV. and XVI.) ; but to whom this refers it is difficult to say : these two windows and the fire-place bear marks of later date than any other portion of the building, and seem inserted after it was finished, as the manner in which the oriel, shewn in Plate XV., cuts into the buttress, indicates. On the chimney-piece of the hall this benefactor's name again occurs in a flowing scroll, which runs thus :
In bcsiris prect j^abrat* tomtiiatu bom Hi'cartiu ^omrog (lucm salfatt Efts, amrit.
On this scroll, at intervals, are five shields emblazoned ; the first very nearly resembles the arms borne by Sir John Trevellyan, of Nettlecombe Hall, V^^iveliscombe,* in this county, at which place Ralph of Shrewsbury died ; the next those of Beckington ; the centre are the royal arms of England and France ; the next those of Bath and Wells impaled in one ; and the last resembles those which Edmonstone gives for the name of Pomeroy,-j- the blazoning only being different, which may easily be accounted for, as they are painted, and in renewing them they may have been varied. Ralph Pomeroy, the first of that name in this country, accompanied William the Conqueror from Normandy ; he was a Norman by birth, and for his valuable assistance in the Conquest by that prince had fifty-eight lordships granted to him in Devon, and others in So?nerset. The first of the name of Richard, which occurs in this family, was Sir Richard Pomerai, Knt., eldest son of Henry Pomerai and Alice, daughter of Walter Pvaleigh of Fardell, his first wife ; whose son. Sir Edward Pomerai, was a Knight of the Bath at the creation of Henry Prince of Wales, afterwards King Henry VHI. : \ whether this was the person remains doubtful, but seems more than probable from the connexion of the family with this county. From this family Lord Harberton, of Carbery, in the county of Kildare, Ireland, is descended, and the arms borne by that nobleman very nearly resemble those before-mentioned.
• The Trevillian arms, according to Edmonstone,' are " gu. ten bars ivavy or. and n:., a derai.horse, issuant rampant, or.:" and these are tlie only arms charged with a deini-horse issuant ramjmnt. — Heraldru, vol. ii. p. 34 of the Ordinani of Ar7ns>
t The Pomerii, or Pommeroii arms, given by the same author, are " or, a lion rampant gu., within a bordure engrailed sable." — Ibid. p. 18, ihid.
t Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, vol. vii. p. 216. The name was first written de Pomerio, afterwards de Pomery, and now Pomerou. — Ibid. p. 214.
$ They are, or, within a bordure engrailed sable, a lion rampant gules, holding in the dexter fore-paw an apple slipped.— Debrett's Complete Peerage, 1836, p. 521. This family were possessed for centuries of Berry-Pomeroy Castle, Co. Devon.
vicars' close at wells. - 9
On a building adjoining the west wall of this chapel, which may be con- sidered as part of the chaplain's dwelling, under a large window (now nearly destroyed) are four shields ; the first bears the arms of Beckington ; the second, those of the see of Wells ; the third, those of Bath and Wells conjointly ; and the fourth, quarterly ; first and fourth, argent, three blackmoors' heads proper, two and one ; second and third, gules, on a fesse, between three leopards' heads, or, as many fleurs-de-lis, sable ; the last quarterings are the arms of Stillington, as given by Edmonstone ; and Bishop Stillington succeeded Beckington in this see, A.D. 1466.*
At the Reformation this establishment did not share the fate of other religious houses, although " some sacrilegious people had hoped to spoil it," but Elizabeth, thinking that such a villanous deed would not be borne, granted a charter, which is dated from Westminster in the twenty-fourth year of her reign, constituting them a body corporate and politic, with the title of " Principals, Seniors, and Vicars Choral of the Choir in the Cathedral Church of St. Andrew at Wells," and allowed them a common seal. It restricts their number to, not less than fourteen, nor more than twenty.
In the Hall is a painting which represents the vicars kneeling before the bishop, Ralph de Salopia, who is seated on his throne on the left side of the picture, holding in his right hand a petition of the former, which runs thus : —
^er biccs posfti btlla, patci alme rogamus, sat simul um'tj, a Irante ijomos maiuamus.
And in his left hand is his answer, to which the episcopal seal is attached, and
runs thus : —
F'tstra pctunt mmta, quolJ sint toncfssa pctfta: sat mancatts tta, Iota fctimus j&it stabilita.
And on the painting are the arms of the see of Bath and Wells. This picture must be the one alluded to by Godwyn,f and, after the confirmation of their charter by Queen Elizabeth, must have been added to, as the seventeen figures to the right of those kneeling are entirely in a different costume, with ruffles
• CoUinson gives these the same as above, but, erroneously, fusils instead ol fleurs-de-lis ; he does not say whose they are. — Vol. iii. p. 376.
t De PritsuUbus, in Vita Sadulphi de Salopia. •
C
8
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE
On the side of the south oriel window of the hall is a shield bearing a cross of St. Andrew, with the name of JxlfUS? ^OllltrOJ) (see Plates XV. and XVI.) ; but to whom this refers it is difficult to say : these two windows and the fire-place bear marks of later date than any other portion of the building, and seem inserted after it was finished, as the manner in which the oriel, shewn in Plate XV., cuts into the buttress, indicates. On the chimney-piece of tlie hall this benefactor's name again occurs in a flowing scroll, which runs thus :
In bcsiris prcci l)iihm'^ comeiiatu bom IKifarliu ^omrog (jutrn salbet Efts. ^mcn.
On this scroll, at intervals, are five shields emblazoned ; the first very nearly resembles the arms borne by Sir John Trevellyan, of Nettlecombe Hall, Wiveliscombe,* in this county, at which place Ralph of Shrewsbury died ; the next those of Beckington ; the centre are the royal arms of England and France ; the next those of Bath and Wells impaled in one ; and the last resembles those which Edmonstone gives for the name of Pomeroy,f the blazoning only being different, which may easily be accounted for, as they are painted, and in renewing them they may have been varied. Ralph Pomeroy, the first of that name in this country, accompanied AVilliam the Conqueror from Normandy ; he was a Norman by birth, and for his valuable assistance in the Conquest by that prince had fifty-eight lordships granted to him in Devon, and others in Somerset. The first of the name of Richard, which occurs in this family, was Sir Richard Pomerai, Knt., eldest son of Henry Pomerai and Alice, daughter of Walter Pkaleigh of Fardell, his first wife ; whose son. Sir Edward Pomerai, was a Knight of the Bath at the creation of Henry Prince of Wales, afterwards King Henry VHI. : J whether this was the person remains doubtful, but seems more than probable from the connexion of the family with this county. From this family Lord Harberton, of Carbery, in the county of Kildare, Ireland, is descended, and the arms borne by that nobleman very nearly resemble those before-mentioned.
sidete( destro ttae tk
two: or, a asji see, J il reliao EU ckrte leijn, 8e«
pictui
runs
The Treiillian arms, according to Edmonstone,' are " g\t. ten bars wavy or. and a:., a demi-horse, issuant rampant, ar.;" and these are tlie only arms charged with a demi-horse issuant ramjmnt. — Heraldru, vol. ii. p. 3-1 of the Orclinaru of Arms,
t The Pomery, or I'ommeroy arms, given by the same author, are " or, a lion rampant gu., within a bordure engrailed sable." — Ibid, p. 18, ibid,
t Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, vol. vii. p. 216. The name was first written de Pomerio, afterwards de Pomery, and now Pomerou. — Ibid. p. 214.
§ They are, or, within a bordure engrailed sable, a lion rampant gules, holding in the dexter fore-paw an apple slipped.— Debbett's Complete Peerage, 1836, p. 521. This family were possessed for centuries of Berry-Pumeroy Castle, Co. Devon.
musi
'C
H
\
•i-r
VICARS CLOSE AT WELLS.
9
On a building adjoining the west wall of this chapel, which may be con- sidered as part of the chaplain's dwelling, under a large window (now nearly destroyed) are four shields ; the first bears the arms of Beckington ; the second, those of the see of Wells ; the third, those of Bath and Wells conjointly ; and the fourth, quarterly ; first and fourth, argent, three blackmoors' heads proper, two and one ; second and third, gules, on a fesse, between three leopards' heads, or, as many fleurs-de-lis, sable ; the last quarterings are the arms of StiUington, as given by Edmonstone ; and Bishop StiUington succeeded Beckington in this see, A.D. 1466.*
At the Reformation this establishment did not share the fate of other religious houses, although " some sacrilegious people had hoped to spoil it," but Elizabeth, thinking that such a villanous deed would not be borne, granted a charter, which is dated from Westminster in the twenty-fourth year of her reign, constituting them a body corporate and politic, with the title of " Principals, Seniors, and Vicars Choral of the Choir in the Cathedral Church of St. Andrew at Wells," and allowed them a common seal. It restricts their number to, not less than fourteen, nor more than twenty.
In the Hall is a painting which represents the vicars kneeling before the bishop, Ralph de Salopia, who is seated on his throne on the left side of the picture, holding in his right hand a petition of the former, which runs thus : —
^er bicos posfti btllK, patfr alme rogamus, WLt stmul unttt, tt ianfe bomos mamamtts.
And in his left hand is his answer, to which the episcopal seal is attached, and
runs thus : —
Ftstra petunt nurita, quolj sint conctssa pjtfta: WLi mancaiis tta, lota fctimus Sit stabflfta.
And on the painting are the arms of the see of Bath and Wells. This picture must be the one alluded to by Godwyn,f and, after the confirmation of their charter by Queen Elizabeth, must have been added to, as the seventeen figures to the right of those kneeling are entirely in a different costume, with ruffles
• Collinson gives these the same as above, but, erroneously, fusili instead oi fleurs-de-lis ; he does not say whose they are. — Vol. iii. p. 376,
t De PrasuUbus, in Viti Eadulphi de Salopia.
C
10 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE
such as were worn in Elizabeth's time ; between is a portion of a curtain, as if the original had extended no further; these figures, also, are larger, and do not at all harmonise with the others : immediately under the bishop is the following inscription, which must have been added at the same time : —
®uns primus stnixi't
sitmma pi'ctnie linUulpfius
iBispcrsis nobis fiospi'ttoquc iiciitt
artts, ronsimilt siuiiio
pia farta sctutus,
23rri{inQtonus tas
auxit fionorf, bonis.
iSrgali tanbcm firmabit
singula nobis
asscnsu, prfntrps ©li?abrtfja suo.
©I jabftfia bonis nunquam
contraria ccrptts,
aspirans sttibifs ©[i?abctija bom's.
I^is nos ornati bonis.
rrgt'na, precamur
S>tcptra tcncns bibas
€5It?abct6a bt'u.
There is no account of any further benefaction to this body since the last- named charter of incorporation granted by Queen Elizabeth, nor of any addi- tion having been made to the buildings; and, in concluding the history of this unique and interesting college, which Godwyn says " the executors of Beckington had rendered the most beautiful of the kind in all England," * it were, indeed, to be wished that a more agreeable task were allotted to the author, than a faithful description of the manner in which the whole Close has been maintained in repair since that period. It would naturally enough be supposed, after so munificent a gift by the founder, and so many valuable additions to the temporalities and comforts of the inhabitants by subsequent benefactors, that a true spirit of gratitude would have been manifested among the successors of those immediately receiving so sumptuous an asylum with many other benefits, and that their first care would have been to retain, as much as possible, the pristine beauty of the several buildings composing their
• Opes ab Episcopo relictas impenderunt isli universas, in Collegio augendo Vicariorum Choi-alium, quod omnium totius AngliE ejus generis speeiosissimum reddiderunt Godwvn, De l^rtssuUbus, in Vitd Toma de Beckingtm.
vicars' close at wells. 1 1
college and delineated in the following Plates. But, alas, how lamentably the reverse of this has been the case ! for no one, who was not intimately acquainted with the peculiarities of the various styles of Gothic architecture, and able to discover from the present ruinous condition of the exquisitely carved work what it originally has been, would persuade himself that these were faithful re- presentations of the Vicars' Close. The Chapel he would find in disuse, and filled with lumber ; the ceiling of the Hall hanging down in large patches ; the rooms under converted into a malting-house ; the houses modernised with common sash-windows, bastard Italian doors, and plain parapets ; and a com- mon shop-front within a few short weeks inserted under the beautiful little oriel window shewn in Plates V. and VI., at the very entrance to the Close from the street : and this bij one of their own body, as if in positive defiance of the advocates of good taste and a proper feehng of reverence. The elegant pinnacles and panelled parapet of the gallery over the Chain-Gate, are so com- pletely decayed and ruinous, that the loose stones threaten danger to the passers by, and the profiles of the mouldings are hai'dly discernible. On a visit to Wells, in May last, the author could not but congratulate himself that his lamented friend, Mr. Pugin, had so opportunely snatched, as it were, the beauties of this example of Gothic art from utter oblivion, and that he should have been the means of thus handing them down to posterity. He knows it will be advanced by the participators in this reckless spoliation, that in Catholic times, when celibacy was enjoined, their predecessors, not having to provide for families, could better afford repairs ; but when some of the founder's statutes and injunctions are acknowledged, all should be equally in force, and one of them provides for the repairs of each house by its respective inhabitant vicar. It is under the head of " T/ie Office and Pozcer of the Principals," and runs thus : " Moreover they shall yearly see and oversee the defaults of every man's house situate within the said Close, and shall judge and esteem the reparation thereof, and shall admonish the said vicars, that, within a certain time by them appointed, they shall sufficiently repair and amend all such faults in and upon their houses under certain pains, to be moderated by the arbitrement of the said principals." The original number of thirteen was augmented greatly before Beckington's time, and we may presume kept pace with the augmentation of the prebends, as his executors provided forty-two houses ; which number corresponds with the number of prebendaries at present attached to the cathedral who are not resi- dentiary. By Elizabeth's charter, as before stated, their number was restricted to twenty ; consequently, many of the houses have been thrown into one and
12 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE VICARS' CLOSE AT WELLS.
modernised, retaining only the mouldering remains of the elegant chimney shafts represented in Plate IV. Surely, a uniform retention of the original design could be insisted upon by the bishop as visitor, and, also, an enforcement of the statutes and ordinances by the principals, who seem sadly to have neglected their duty, in thus allowing " so faire a place " to hasten to decay.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
Plate I. General Ground-plan of the Vicars' Close and the Chain-Gate.
This is a Ground-plan of the whole range of buildings, as completed by Bishop Beckington and his executors, forming the Vicars' College, or Close ; and also of the Chain-Gate, by which it is connected, across the road, with the Cathedral at AA. B is a room under the Coinmon Hall, used, probably, as a beer-cellar. C is a vaulted room under the Kitchen, communicating with other offices to the left, or west. D, vaulting ufider the Great Staircase, leading from the Close to the Hall, and which is entered at F by a richly groined Porch* under the Tozcer.j' E is the Entrance- Gatewai/ leading from the road or street to the Close. J GG are two rows of houses forming the Vicars' Dwellings, each containing, on the ground-floor, one living-room, a staircase, and a privy, with a small garden in front, walled round, and entered by a porch, with a yard behind ; on the first floor, one sleeping-room : each room has a fire-place, one window and a loop-hole in front, and one window in the rear. § H is a beautiful little Chapel at the north end of the area, connected to the first house, on the left hand, by a small building, supposed to have formed part of the chaplain's dwelling, which is ornamented by four panels under the window, containing shields ; the first to the left hand bears the arms of the see of Wells ; the second, those of the united see of Bath and Wells ; the third, those of Beckington ; and the fourth, what are supposed to be those of Stil- hngton ; these last are delineated in Plate VI*. Over the Chapel is a Library, approached by a small circular staircase in the north-west corner. || I is the situation, on the first floor, of the elegant little Oriel Window represented in Plates V. and VI. This house, we may safely presume, was the dwelling, ori- ginally, of one of the principals ; it communicates with the entrance-gateway by a lobby and door. KK are two Wells, which have, to this day, a plentiful
* A plan of the groining is given in Plate XXV. t See Plates XVII. and XVII I.
X This portion of the plan will be better understood by referring to Plates XII. and XIII., and the descriptions of the same.
§ These houses are more fully delineated in Plates II., III., IV., V., and VI. II See Plates VII., VIII., IX., X., and XI.
14 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
supply of water. The area within the buildings is, from N. to S.,436 feet long, and from E. to W., at the north end, 56 feet broad, and at the south end, 65 feet broad* This difference in the breadth may be accounted for by a wish on the part of the architect to command as good a view as possible from the street under the entrance-gateway,* and thereby to assist the perspective in giving an idea of great length. The width within the garden walls in the centre of the area, is, at the north end, 19 feet, and at the south end, 21 feet : references are engraved on the Plate for convenience.
The Vicars' Dwellings.
Plate II. shews an Elevation of each house, as originally completed, on the left-hand side of the Plate. A chimney-shaft rises from the ground, between the door and the windows, — it is octagonal at top, and is perforated like a lantern by two openings on each side ; immediately above the cornice, under the eaves of the roof, is a panel containing a quatrefoil and a shield, witii the arms of the united see of Bath and Wells impaled in one, which occurs along the whole range of buildings on either side, with those of the see of Wells and those of Beckington. Below the coimice is another panel, which also contains a shield, bearing the rebus, or device of Richard Sxvan, one of Beckington's executors ; this occurs consecutively with those of his coadjutors, Hugh Sugar and Joliii Pope. — See Plate VI*. On the right-hand side of the Plate is a trans- verse section of each house cut through the door-ways, and shews a profile of the chimney-shaft ; it will be better understood by referring to
Plate III., which gives a Ground-plan of each house ; the rooms are 19 ft. 1 1 in. by 12 ft. 10 in. in the clear inside. The staircase lies at the back, and is 6 ft. 2 in. square. From centre to centre of party-wall is 21 ft. This Plate also shews a longitudinal section of each house ; the room on the ground-floor is 8 ft. 7 in. high ; that on the first floor is 8 ft. 9 in. high to the top of the wall plate, and 13 ft. to the point of the arched rib. This section shews the door, the windozc's, and the Ji re-places ; also the oak roof, which is open to the point of the rafters, and ornamented with moulded ribs and cross-braces, the purlins being canted oiT on the inside angles ; above the wall-plate, the ends of the rafters are concealed by a neat battlemented cornice.f
• See Plate in pnge 72 of BnirroN's Picturesque Antiquilies of English Cities, wliere this very view is given, but shewing the modern additions to the houses.
t One only of these liouses remained in its original state, but sadly dilapidated, when Mr. Pugin visited Wells; and that one is now altered and modernised ! ! I
THE vicars' close AT WELLS. 15
Plate IV. gives, at No. 1, the Chimneij-sliaft to a larger scale, with plans taken at different heights, and sections of the mouldings still larger, which are explained by letters of reference on the Plate ; and, at No. 2, the xoindow of the first floor : tliose of the ground-floor are similar, but are longer, and divided by a transom. See Plate II.
Plate V. This Plate shews an elevation and section of the Oriel Window, which looks into the street ; it is terminated at the top by mouldings, in three divisions, or stages, surmounted by a fleur-de-lis ; below the sill are two quatrefoils with plain shields in front, and one in each angular return. It is ornamented below by tracery-headed panels, terminating at a point at the bottom and resting on a stone corbel sculptured into a head. This window, no doubt, originally had tracery-headed lights, the centre divided into two by a mullion as shewn in dotted lines, which, for the sake of modern convenience, have been destroyed and cut square. A plan of the soffit, or corbelling, is shewn under the elevation. The section shews its projection from the wall, which is 1 ft. 1 in.
Plate VI. No. 2 is a plan of this Oriel Window, half shews the soflUt inside, the supposed mullion is dotted in : to the left are different details and sections of the mouldings referred to the section on Plate V. by letters. No. 1 shews the end elevation of the east row of houses towards the street,* in the centre of which the Oriel Window is situated.f The apex of the gable ter- minates in a finial, and is surmounted by a chimney-shaft similar to that shewn in Plate IV. +
Plate VI*. gives one of the Porches at the entrance of each garden, with details at No. 1 ; these were originally surmounted by a lion, similar to that shewn on the Conduit in the Bishop's Garden, which was built by Beckington.§ These porches, however, seem to be of a later date, and so little did they appear
• See Letter I, Plate L
■f- In late repairs, a small wiudow was discovered to the left of this, but was immediately stopped up again and plastered over; under this unique example of refined taste, a modern shop-front has been inserted by one of the seniors of the vicars choral, who, being a baker in the town, I presume will carry on his trade here. At the same time, the window itself was threatened with destruction, and, I believe, was partly removed, but restored in consequence of a general outcry against such wilful spoliation I
J The chimney-shaft in this gable was the only one existing from which the lantern top could be sketched and measured ; it still exists, but the work is hardly discernible.
§ See Plate LXlll., and page 47, Pugin's Eiamples of' Gothic Architecture, Second Series.
16 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
to present that was interesting, that it was not intended at first to give them in this work ; but on a visit to Wells, the author was so much pleased with their effect,* that this, an additional Plate, was provided to include them and the following coats of arms. No. 3 are supposed to be the arms of Bishop StiUhig- ton, who succeeded Beckington in the episcopal chair, and in whose time these buildings were completed by the executors of the latter : they are, quarterly, first and fourth, argent, three blackmoors' heads proper ; second and third, gules, on a fesse, between three leopards' heads, or, three fleurs-de-lis sable.^ The rebuses, or devices, shewn at No. 2, viz. a fesse between three swans for Richard Swan; the letter^ and three sugar loaves for Hugh Sugar; and a chevron between two roses in chief, and a talbof in base, for John Pope or Talbot ; are those of Beckington's three executors. See description of Plate II.
The Chapel and Library.
Plate VII. On the right hand is the south elevation towards the Close, and on the left, a transverse section looking east. The lower windows, it will be seen, are of an earlier date than those above, and this portion of the building probably formed part of the original design by Bishop Ralph de Salopia; the Library was added, probably, by Bishop Beckington, as, on the bell turret, shewn in Plate XI., is a shield impaling the arms of the united see of Bath and Wells with those of Beckington. The windows being square-headed, and the parapet adorned with three elegant niches, both of a later date in style than the chapel or lower windows, seems to favour this supposition ; and it corresponds with others of his works in this city, especially the Entrance-Gateway from the Market-place to the Bishop's Palace. This Chapel, originally, was entered from the west, as before mentioned (page 3 of the " Historical Account") ; and when the gardens were added in front of the houses, the door was, most likely, stopped up, as in the west wall a counter- arch is discernible in the masonry, and another inserted under the spring of one of the windows. In the Section to the left of the Plate is shewn the Altar with two niclies, one on either side, raised on panelled bases. The east window, here shewn, is now blocked up ; there is also a window to the east, in the Library over ; the roof of this room is open to the point of the rafters, the ribs being slightly moulded and resting on brackets.
• See Bbitton's Picturesque Antiquities, Plate ia page 72, where is a view of the Chapel in the Vicars' Close, and Ebews one of these Porches in perspective.
t Collinson gives the same arms as these as being on the Chapel, with the exception of the fteursJe-lii, which he bss erroneously written /uii/j; he does not mention to whom they belong. — History of Somersetshire, vol. iii. p. 403.
THE VICARS CLOSE AT WELLS. 17
Plate VIII. shews at the bottom a Plan of the Chapel, one half of the ceHing is dotted in, which is of oak, divided into four compartments by richly moulded girders, each divided again into four, which are again subdivided into four panels ; on the intersections are pateras or bosses, one of which is drawn at large at A. Above is the plan of the Library, which communicates with the Chapel by a small circular staircase ; one of the quarrels of the windows is given one-third full size.
Plate IX. gives the Door-case and Oak Door at large ; on the tracery are placed four shields, wliich are so mutilated as to be hardly made out : the first, to the left, arms unknown ; on the second are those of the united see of Bath and Wells, on the sinister side of the saltier ought to be shewn two keys indorsed ; the third unknown ; on the fourth are those of Nicholas Bubwith, who was bishop of this see in 1407; they are a. f esse engrailed, gules, between three groups of conjoined holhj-leaves, four in each, and correspond with those on his monumental chapel in the nave of the cathedral :* these arms occur, also, in the stained glass of the chapel windows. In the jamb-mouldings are pateras to correspond in design with the windows, under one of which this door-case is inserted.
Plate X. contains the Windows of the Chapel and Library to a larger scale ; one of the lights of the latter is shewn glazed, the quarrels are like that given, one-third the full size, in Plate VIII. ; it also contains details of the same.
Plate XI. The Bell-Turret at large, in elevation and profile; the shield impales the arms of the united see of Bath and Wells ; which are, azure, a saltier per saltier, quarterly quartered, or and argent [or the cross of St. Andrew, who is the patron-saint of the church of Wells] : on the dexter side of the saltier are two keys indorsed, the upper or, the lower argent, and on the sinister side, a sword or, charged with a crosier erect, or [these are the arms of Bath Abbey] : with those of Beckington, viz. argent on a fesse
• Nicholas Bubwith, bishop of Sarum, and treasurer of England, was advanced to this see by the pope, 7th October, 1407. He contributed considerably to the N.W. tower of the Cathedral at Wells, built the Library over the eastern cloisters, and a small Chapel leading from the cloisters themselves ; ivhich last, however, was soon afterwards destroyed : whether this door originally belonged to it may form matter of conjecture, but does not seem unlikely. He also constructed a small Chantry Chapel in the nave, wherein, after his decease, on the 57th October, 1424, be was buried, having appointed three priests to celebrate a daily mass there for the good of his soul. He also founded an Almshouse, near the north side of St. Cutbbert's Church in this city, and erected a small Chapel in Bath Abbey. — Briiton's Wells Cathedral, pp. 42 and 110.
D
18 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
azure, between, in chief, three stags' heads caboshed, gules, attired or ; and in base three pheons, two and one, sable; a mitre labelled of the fourth.* No. 2 shews one of the niches at the corner of the parapet, which is very elegantly- designed, with buttresses, pinnacles, and crockets ; the parapet-mouldbigs are drawn one-sixth the full size.
The Common Hall, Entrance-Gateway, and the Chain-Gate.
Plate XII. is a Ground-plan of the Entrance-Gateway to the Close, on the right, which is groined ; from the street are two entrances, a carriage- way and a foot-way, see A B, and one arch leads into the Close. From this gateway a door opens to the left into a room E F, which probably served as a beer-cellar ; it communicates with the Hall above, by a circular staircase out of one of the four arched recesses in the north wall, and with the Close by two doors, one on either side of the building projecting to the north, which contains the Great Staircase. I is vaulting under the stairs. G H is vaulting under the kitchen, which communicates with other offices to the west, where we may presume the Bakehouse was situated. Out of the Entrance- Gateway, another door opens to the east, into what we may safely presume to have been one of the principals' dwellings, which is the first house of the east row, and fronts the street ; the small oriel is situated in the south gable of this house. See Plate VI. At C D, under the Tower, is the Porch leading to the Great Staircase, which is richly groined ; the details are given in Plate XXV. to a larger scale. To the south is the Chain-Gate, or the Close-Hall-Gate, hvixM by Beckington over the road, before described. The centre archway is an oblong parallelogram, and is groined similai-ly to the Entrance-Gateway, except that in the centre is a panel containing the Arms of Beckington on a shield, with his rebus on each side, which is given at large in Plate XXV. Details of the Piers are given one-eighth the full size, and are referred by letters. References to the various rooms, &c., are also engraved on the Plate for convenience.
Plate XIII. is the First-floor Plan of the same portion : it shews the Common Hall; to the west of which is the Kitchen, &c. ; to the north is the Grand Stah-case before referred to, it leads from the Close to the Hall, the ceiling of which is here shewn. In the Tower, and immediately over the Porch, is the Munimoit Room, the only entrance to which is from the Hall by a small circular staircase E, into a room over the Great Staircase, and out of the other
• A Journal ef one of the suite of Beckington, by Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Esq., Bairister^t-Law, 1828, p. Isvii.
THE vicars' close AT WELLS. 19
extremity of this room is another small circular staircase F, leading down to this room of safety. A better mode for concealing treasure or documents, and at the same time for lodging them in safety, could hardly be imagined. The dimensions of this room are 8 ft. square, and it is fitted up with strong presses. Immediately opposite the door from the Grand Staircase is one leading to A, the Small Lohhij, which communicates into the Vicars' Gallertj, B, over the Chain-Gate ; at the south end of this Gallery a door opens into a small irregular Anteroom, out of which a staircase leads direct south, into that by which the Chapter-House is ascended from the north transept of the Cathedral ; thereby always ensuring a dry walk for the Vicars Choral when required to perform divine service. Various details of this plan are given one-eighth the full size, some one-fourth the full size, and are referred by letter. References to the various rooms are engraved on the Plate for convenience.
Plate XIV. shews the South Elevation of the Hall and Entrance-Gateway, together with a section taken transversely across the Chain-Gate and the Vicars' Gallery. It will be seen that part of the original design by Ralph of Shrews- bury can still be discovered in the lancet-headed window of two lights, divided by a heavy muUion and transom. The style is quite at variance with the Oriel Window and the Entrance-Gateway, the former being quite of a late period of the Tudor, and the latter not much older.
Plate XV. gives an Elevation Section and details of the Sotith Oriel Windozo in the Hall over the Entrance-Gateway, shewn in the preceding Plate. There are two of these windows, situated opposite each other at the east end of the Hall, and must have been inserted after the buildings were completed, as may be seen by the manner in which this one cuts into the buttress to the right. On the wall inside is a shield in stone, bearing the arms of the see of Wells, and the name of iUiruSi PoUlCrOJ); by whom, probably, these windows and the fireplace, together with the napkin or scroll-panelling round the Hall, were added.
Plate XVI. gives a Plan of this window, one half of the Interior Eleva- tion, and one half of the SoJ^t in section, together with different details referred by letter to Plate XV. and this.
Plate XVH.-XVIII. A double Plate ; shews, in the centre, a Transverse Section of the Hall through the Oriel Windows and Entrance-Gateway, looking
20 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
west. To the left is the east elevation of the Chain-Gate and Vicars' Gallery, which is a beautiful and unique specimen of good taste. It is thought by some, that Beckington, by whose munificence tliis valuable addition was made to the Vicars' Close, was his own architect, and that he acquired his knowledge from William of Wickham ; which is not improbable, he having been patronised by that distinguished prelate, and of whose College at Oxford he was a fellow. It is of the Perpendicular or Tudor Style, before it acquired that excess of ornament observable in many buildings of the subsequent periods. On the west side the elevation is regular, and one of the niches contains a statue of St. Andrew : whom the two shewn in this elevation represent is not known, as they are so much decayed. To the right of the Hall is an elevation of the Tower and Great Staircase ; the details of the lower square-headed windows are given at N, in Plate XIII.
Plate XIX. shews one of the compartments of the Vicars' Gallery over the centre archway of the Chain-Gate. The two lights of this window, which are divided by a canopied niche, form two distinct windows inside. A plan of the jamb is given in Plate XIII., one-eighth the full size, at K : other details are shewn on this Plate, and are referred by letters. In the string-course under the window are, alternately, parts of Beckington's arms, viz. a pheon in the centre, and two stags' heads, one on each side ; and an angel displaying a scroll. The two angels bearing a mitre, with the labels displayed, complete his armorial bearings ; they support a pinnacle, which is exactly over the centre of the arch below.
Plate XX. is the North Elevation of the Hall towards the Close, and a transverse section of the Great Staircase, with the Passage-room to the muniment room over. At the top of the stairs is the door into the Hall.
Plate XXI. One of the Windotcs before alluded to, as being of an earlier date than the rest of the Hall, is given in this Plate. To the right is the interior elevation, as seen in Plate XXII. ; and to the left the exterior elevation, as seen in Plates XIV. and XX. : details are given to a larger scale.
Plate XXII. shews a Longitudinal Section of the Hall and Kitchen, the rooms under, and the Entrance-Gateway. In the Hall, the south Oriel Window, the fireplace, and the entrance into the small lobby, are seen. To the right of
THE vicars' close AT WELLS. 21
the fireplace is one of the windows shewn in Plate XXL, out of the jamb of which a pulpit, for grace at meal-time, opens to the Hall by a small square opening over the fireplace. A strict observance of grace was enjoined in one of the injunctions laid down by the king, to the effect " Cftat every Vicar dining in the Common Hall shall tarry Grace ;" it is as follows : " irtfllT, That none of the Vicars of the said new Close sitting in the Common Hall of the same att the time of Dinner or Supper shall not by any manner of means from henceforth depart from Dinner or Supper before Grace be said after Dinner and Supper without Licence first desired and obteined of the Principalis of the same new Close, if they bee att Dinner and Supper, and in their absence of them which shall supply their Room under paine of iiijrf. to be paid and applyed to the use of the aforesaid Close as often as he shall, be found negligent, and faulty in this behalfe."*
Plate XXHL shews the Fireplace and the Iron Firedogs to a larger scale, with details of the same referred by letter. These are of a late style, but the fireplace has good mouldings in the jamb and mantel-shelf; on which latter is the scroll described in page 8, bearing an inscription which solicits the prayers of the vicars in favour of Sir Richard Pomroy, and expresses solicitude for the safety of his soul. The five shields are thus emblazoned : the first, to the left, five bars or and azure, three escalop shells in chief, gules, charged with a demi-horse issuant rampant, argent : the second are Bishop Beckington's arms, which are, argent on a fesse azure, between, in chief, three stags' heads caboshed, gules, attired or, and in base three pheons, two and one, sable, a mitre labelled oi ihe fourth : the third are the royal arms, as borne by Henry V. and the subsequent sovereigns of England down to Queen Elizabeth, which are quartei'ly quartered, first and fourth azure, three Jleurs-de-lis, two and one, or ; second and third, gules, three lions gardant, passant, in pale or : the fouith are the arms of the united see of Bath and Wells, which are, azure, a saltier per saltier, quarterly quartered, or and argent, with two keys endorsed, the upper or, the lower argent, on the dexter side of the saltier ; and a sword or, on the sinister side, both erect, charged with a crozier, erect, or : the fifth are those of Pomroy, which are, argent, a lion rampant, or, within a bordure engrailed azure.
* The Statutes and Charter of Close Hall, p. 28, MS.
22 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
Plate XXIV. is a Transverse Section from S. to N. of the Hall, looking W. cut through the Small Lohby (which leads into the Vicars' Gallery over the Chain-Gate) and the doors. To the north of the Hall is the Great Staircase, over which is the Passage-room to the Muniment-room, and the Porch, over which is the Mtmiment-room. Even with the floor of the passage-room, and communicating with it by a doorway on one side, which, in this section, is shewn dotted, is a small room 8 ft. square, in the tower : these two rooms may have served as bed-room and living-room foV the Receiver, who was an officer chosen by the principals, annually, upon the feast of St. Matthew the Apostle. The roof over the living-room, which is of oak, is very elegant, being divided, by five richly moulded ribs, into four compartments ; the ribs rest on a bracketed cornice, above which is a panelled parapet; there are cross-braces in each compartment, and the purlins are canted on the inside angles. A trans- verse section of this roof, shewing its construction, is seen in Plate XX.
Plate XXV. contains various details before referred to. At the top of the Plate are two panels ; that to the left, which contains Bishop Beckington's arms supported by two angels, and a large scroll underneath, is under the east window of the small lobby, or anteroom, shewn in Plate XVH.-XVHI. ; and that to the right is in the centre of the groining of the Chain-Gate, and is seen in Plate XHI. : it also contains his arms, supported on each side by his rebus, a flaming beacon on a cask, or ton, making beacon-ton.* At the bottom of the Plate is the plan of the groining of the Porch which leads from the Close into the great staircase under the tower, with the curve of the arch, a section of the ribs, and five of the bosses at large. The rest are different specimens of the top of the panelling round the Hall, one-fourth the full size,
* " A Beaco7i (we know) is so called from beconing, that is, making signs, or giving notice to the next Beacon. This bright Beacon doth nod, and, give hints of bounty to future ages ; but, it is to be feared, it will be long before bis signs will be observed, understood, imitated." — Fuller's Worthies of Somersetshire, p. 282,
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
OF THE
iHanor^f^ouse anti Cljiirc!)
AT
GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTSHIRE.
Great, or East Chalfield,* is a small parish in the hundred of Brad- ford, Wiltshire, situate between the towns of Bradford and Melksham, and about four miles from each. It is supposed to have been an outpost of the Romans, guarding a road of communication which crossed the main road from the camp on Kingsdoxon, near Bath, to the station, Verlucio, and the camp on Roiindawaij Hill, near Devizes, and thence to have derived its name — Chaldefeld, impl3dng the seat or post on the line of passage lead- ing to the heights: Cal meaning an eminence — the h being inserted by the Saxons to soften the c hard; ed, a seat or post ; and f eld, the passage, f Little or nothing remains, however, of the original fortifications ; but the straight line of the road can still be traced along the flat, running, in its northerly direction, into the Fosseway, which entered Bath from the north-east.
' It is also written ©j^antJtfcI'H. — Collinson's History of Somersetshire, Vol. iii. p. 59-1. CCf)aoilt. — Hoare's Historv of Modern Wiltshire, Hundred cf Heytesbury, p. 13. ©ijalBcfcIB, ffiljalfitID, CTfjaufitlB. — Old MS. in the possession of William Waldron, Esq., of Lipiat, Wilts.
t For this communication the Author is indebted to the Rev. J. Skinner, of Camerton, Somerset, who is well versed in Belgic, British, and Roman Antiquities.
24) HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MAXOR-HOUSE.
In Domesdmj Book it is thus noticed under Si211;llltf£{rl)ll"t : —
" XXV. Terra Ernvlfi de Hesding. Ipse Er. ten. Caldefelle. \yallet'. tenuit T. R. E. 7 gelrl. ;p. II. hkl 7 dim. Tra. e. II. car. De ea. e in dnio. 1 liida. 7 diin. 7 ibi. I. car. cu. 1. servo. 7 IIII. liord. Ibi dim molin. redd XVII. deil 7 VI. ac. ' pti. 7 VI. ac siluse 7 VIII. ac. pasturce. Valluit IIII. lib. Modo. L. solid.'*
" Ipse Er. ten. in ead. villa tanUl trae ,p uno 0{. Godvin tenuic T. R. E. Ibi tantd habet (jtu in supiori ctiiiet 7 tiJtd appciat."t
In Edward the First's days, the Manor of Great Chalfield was a whole knight's fee, and was held by knight's service, by one Sir WilHam Rous, of the Earl of Salisbury, as part of the honour of Trowbridge (which lionour belonged to the duchy of Lancaster), free from all services and demands ; and, by virtue of this manor, Rous and the Lords of Chalfield, for the time being, were constables of Trowbridge Castle.+ To this office belonged a place in Trowbridge called the Logge Place, afterwards the site of a garden called the Logge Plot. Great Chal- field afterwards came into the possession of a family of the name of Percij, which, from the arms shewn in Plate VI. Ecclesiastical Architecture, viz. azure, five fusils in fesse or,^ must have been a younger branch of that of William de Percy, a Norman chieftain, who accompanied William the Conqueror into Eng- land, and left four sons and two daughters. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Alan de Percy, surnamed the Great, who was succeeded by his eldest son, William de Percy, at whose decease the eldest branch of the first race became extinct in the male line, and his whole inheritance devolved upon his two daughters, Maud and Agnes ; by which circumstance, and the marriage of the latter (the former dying siiie prole) with Joceline Barbatus, the ancient Percy arms were lost, although the surname was retained.
• Domesday Bonk, 70 A.
t This refers to Little or West Chalfield.
t Old MS. ill the possesswn o/" William Waldron, Esq., of Lipiat : " In tlie 4tli of King Stephen, when Mnuil " " daughter to King Henry I. (commonly called Maud the Empress), landed in England with her brother Robert," " earl of Gloucester, Humphrey de Bohun, at the incitation of iMilo, earl of Hereford, his wife's father, fortified his " " Town of Trofrrc^'ge, against King Stephen, in such sort as that it was impregnable." — Dugdale's Baronage, Vol. i. 179.
§ These were the ancient arms of ^CVCll, until Agnes, daughter and coheiress of William Percy, married .loceline, younger son of Godfrey Barbatus, duke of Lower Lovain and count of Brabant. Her ladyship would not consent of this great alliance unless Joceline would adopt either the surname or the arms of Percy ; the former of which he accordingly assumed, and retained his own paternal coat in order to perpetuate his claim to the principality of his father, should the elder line of the reigning duke at any period become extinct. The matter is thus stated in the great old pedigree at Sion House : " The antient arms of Hainault this Lord Joceline retained, and gave his children the surname of Percy," who afterwards became Dukes of Northumberland.— Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, Vol. ii. p. 241. London, 1832. See, also, Govch's Sepulchral Itemains, Vol. i. Part xcv. Drake's Atitiqnilies nf York, Plate at p. 535, which are the arms drawn by some curious person from the windows of the Cathedral and Chapter House, in A.D. 10-11, most of which were existing when Drjke wrote.
AT GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTSHIRE. 25
In a MS. now in the possession of William Waldron, Esq., relating to Great Chalfield, there is a pedigree given of the Percys, Knights of Great Chalfield, but which does not trace the lineage further back than circa a.d. 1180. In the former part of it are extracts from a Mr. Dickenson's Vellum Book,* and run thus : " Here the booke goes on again in another place, and says, y' y" " " above S' Williamf an Agnes dyed ; after whose death y" s'' second son, S' Harry/' " son of y" s'' Will: & Agnes, entered on y" Man'^ of Chaldfield, & y'^ other Man"," " as son and heir to the said William, who took to wife Eve, daughter of" " John GifFord, Lord of Broughton GifFord, in Wiltshire, who had S' Roger," " S' Walter, & S'^ William, Knights, and Juhan ; the said S' Walter, S' " " William, and Juhan, dyed without issue, and Eve dyed, after whose decease " " the said S' Roger entered on y^ Man" at Chaldefeld and elsewhere, as son " " and heir of the S' Harry, who took to wife Dorothey Ryvers, Lord of Burgate," " in Southamptonshire."
" Sir Roger and Dorothey had issue S' Harry Percy, Knight the third, John," " and Emmot ; y" s'' John and Emmot dyed without issue ; the said Roger " " and Dorothey dyed ; and, after their decease, y^ said Sir Harry Percy the " " third, as son and heir of the said Sir Roger, entered upon all the Man", &c./' " who toke to wife Alianore, daughter of Sir Walter Skydmore, Knight, Lord of" " Upton Skydmore (in a.d. 1301), in Wiltshire, y' s"* S'^ Harry & Alianore had" " Issue a daughter called Beatrice, and none other child. Y"" said Allan" " " dyed ; S' Harry, y" son of Sir Roger, overlived, who took to a second " " wife, Constance, bedfellow & cousin to Master Robert Way vile, ^ Bishop of" " Salisbury, born to no arms nor lands, w"'' S' Harry gave his estate at Chald- " " feld, to Constance, for life, and some grant likewise to y" Bishop." " But " " Constance, marrying a second husband,§ and proving very naughty, & by y* " " w''", with too great concessions of her first husband, long and expensive suits " " arose about the Manor of Chaldfield ; but, at length, about 24. Hen. 6.,"
• Original MS. at Monks (vellum), in 1744, contained charters and grants relating to twenty-eight parishes. Jlr. Waldron made inquiries about it, but unsuccessfullv, and supposes that it is now in the possession of a family of the name of Mordaunt.
f This William de Pehci de Chadesfeld was lining in the time of Richard I.^See Rotuli Curia Begis, Vol. i. p. 245 ; also, at p. 248, where it is written Kaldefeld ; also, pp. 288, 324.
} Bishop of Salisbury from a.d. 1330, to 1375.
§ Constance, widow of Sir Henry Percy, must Lave married Henry de la Rivers ; since, from a.d. 1 104, to A.D. 1419, according to the Register at Salisbury, the patroness of Great Chalfield was " Constantia, nuper uxor Henrici de la Ryver."
E
26 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MANOR-HOUSE
" Thomas Trapenell recovered the gi-eatest part, and afterwards y' whole," " except y' Constableship of Trowbrige Castle, w''' of right belonged to y' " " jNIan^ of East Chaldfield."
In the time of Edward III., Phillip Fitzwaryn held the Manors of Chalfield and Trowbridge, and in that year gi-anted a part to the court of Edyngton.*
The next person whom we find patron of the living at East Chaldfeld is "IViW'"' Roiis,Jn/iiger,"f who was Chamberlain to King Henry VI. in virtue of the Manor of Imber; but that he was ever lawful possessor of the Manor of Great Chalfield, does not appear very probable, since Little or West Chalfield belonged to his family ; and in the MS. so often referred to, we find the follow- ing passage: " In y" 4th of Hen. 6., concerning the Constableship of Trow-" " bridge Castle, a dispute arose betwixt y'' Duke of Glousester and y* Bishop " " of Winchester, Cardinal of England, & others. Feoffees to y'' Duke of Lan- " "caster, of w"'' dutchy Trowbridge was parcell — Rouse, L'^ of Chaufield," " claimed y^ same office as appurt. to his Man", and was supported by y' Duke " " Glosester, who brought his Serv'* and Foresters from Pewsham and Black- " " more forests, and defended Rous's possess" at Chaufield, and y" office of" " Constable. Y' s"* Duke and Rouse went w"" a great Retinue (to) y" Parleam'" " at Lincoln, w"' w"'' y'' Cardinal was much offended. At length Rous was " " forced to quit y'' office, and others by y' Duke of Lancaster placed, tho' Rous " " &, after him, Trapnell sued and made greet intrest for the office, cou'd never" " attain, notwithstanding they deemed it their inheritance."
Probably Rous held Great Chalfield under Constance, who was life-interested in it as widow of the last Sir Henry Percy, and may have been obliged to render up the possession to Thomas Tropenell at her death, or soon afterwards, which must have taken place between 1419 and 1425. He was Lord of Imber, and patron of that living from 1414 to 1435. In 16th Henry VI., 1438, by a fine levied, he sold the Manor of Imber and Winterbourne Lymington, with the
• He was patron of the living in 1361, — see the liegisler at Salisburii, given at page 33, and in the 40th of Edward III. (1366), he, and bis wife, Constance, granted a part of the Manors of Chaldfeld and Troubragg, in iri/(s, " Rectori Sf Fr'ibus Domus de Edynton." — See Callendarium Jnquis' post mortem, Vol. ii. p. 277. In a document in the Duchy of Lancaster office, under " Seasonable aid granted to the King to marry the daughter of Henry IV.," is the following : — " Ue Dno de Chaldfeld pro uno ftedo in Chaldfeild XX'."
f In Hoabe's Modern Wiltshire, he is mentioned as having resided latterly (he died Aug. 12, 30 Henry VI., and was buried at the church of Greyfriars, London, by the name of William Rous of Emmer, in co. Wilts, Esq.) of East Chaltield, which he held under the Earl of Sarum. But this must be a mistake, as we 6nd, in 1411, John Rous of Immere, patron of the chapel at Chaldefeld (meaning West, or Little Chaldefeld), as the name of Philip Lye, the ecclesiastic, proves.— See the Extract of the Register of Salisbury, given at p. 33.
AT GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTSHIRE. 27
advowson of the Free Chapel at Imber, and half the Manor of Folke, with the advowson in Dorset, to Walter, Lord Hungerford, for an annuity to be paid for his life.*
The following is the pedigree of the Family of Tropenell, as given in the MS. before referred to, which the author has preferred embodying into the historical matter, rather than giving it as an Appendix, since it will the better serve to shew the manner in whicli the estate passed into the different families, either by marriage of the heiress or by purchase :
" This is the pedigree of the name and blood of Tropenelles contained" " w"'in y' shire of Wiltshire, Long before y'^ time that no mind renueth, &" " before y' conquest, unto the making y' book never change'd, one S' Osbert" " Tropenell, Knight, before the time y' no mind reneweth, was Lord of" " the whole Lordship of Sapworth, with y" Lawday and the patronage of" " y^ Same in the County of Wiltshire, w"' other, and had Issue two Sons, " " S' James, a knight, & Walter, The said S' Osbert gave to y° said Walter," " parcel of his Lands in Sapworth, & all his Lands & tenants he had in much " " Sherston, Litle Sherston, Whadden by Jvy Church & Combe, and deyed. " " S' James had issue Daughters, Margarete and Luce, which parted y' said" " Lordship, Margarete had half with the Patronage, and Lucy had other half" " with y^ Lawday ; Margarete took to husband, Hugh Paruns, w"'', both by " " several deeds appointed apart. Anno dno 1260, gave her part by y' name of" " her Mannor and Church of Sapworth, unto the house of JNIonk on Farley," " and dye'd. Lucy took to husband S' Leonard Mantrvers, Knight, Lord of" " Somerford Mantvers, and had Issue together, John Mantvers, which had the " " keeping of y" King Edw'' to his death, which John gave apart of his Lands" " he had in Sapworth unto y" house of Monkton Farley, keeping in his own " " hands the Lawday w"" all the remnant thereof; the said Walter Tropenell," " the second son, took to wife Catherine, daughter of S' William Percy,f " " Sister to S' Harry Percy Knights Lords of Much Chaldefeld, otherwise called " " East Chaldefeld, & had Issue together a son, Philipp, and a daughter, Galiana. " " The said Walter gave his Lands he had in Sapworth to Galiana in marriage ; " " and she, about Anno dno y" year 1267, in her Widowhood, gave the same "
* It appears, also, that he had, two years before (143C), granted all his right in Imber, south part, to the Court of Edyngton. — Hoare's Modern Wiltshire, Hundred of Heyttsbury.p. 161.
t This marriage is shewn by the arms on the screen in the church (see No. 1, Plate VI. Ecclesiaslical Archiieclure') : viz. on the dexter side of the shield gu. a fesse or., engrailed and powdered with ermine, between three griffins' heads erased of the same, two and one (sometimes they are placed one and two, see Plate VI.), for Tropenell i on the sinister side o:. five fusils in fesse or, for Percy.
28 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MANOR-HOUSE
" Lands unto the house of Monktonffiirley : the said Philipp Tropenell took to " " wife Isawde daughter to Richard Cotell * Lord of Cotells Atteward, other- " " wise Little Atteward, and had Issue by her, two Sons, Roger Tropenell and " " John Tropenell, the said Philipp parted his Lands, and ordained to his " " eldest Son, Roger, all his lands & tenants he had in Whadden & Combe ; " " and all his lands and ten" he had in Much Sherstone & Little Sherstone, " " he gave to his second Son, John Tropenell, Roger took to wife Christian, " "daughter to S' John Rous,f Lord of Immer, and had Issue together," " John Tropenell, which took to wife Agnes daughter to James Lye, Lord " " of Liniford and had Issue together Harry Tropenell who took to wife " " Edeth daughter to Walter Roche J and younger Bro' to S' John Roche, " " Knight, sones to John the Roche of Bronieham, Wiltshire, Harry & Edeth " " had Issue together, Thomas Tropenell, Esq", which had the Liverys of King" " Harry y*^ 6th & K. Edward y' 4th Lords of the said Much Chaldefeild, wlf " " " Thomas Tropenell took to wife Margarete, daughter to William Ludlow, §"
* Patron of Atteworth, a.d. 1298. — See Sir Thomas Piiillipi-'s Institutions in WiUildre, p. 1.
t This marriage is shewn on the next shield : riz, on the deiter side, the Tropenell arms, and, on the siniiter side, impaled as. and giu three lions rampant argent, powdered with ermine, armed with gules, for Rous. There is an altar- tomb, of good workmansliip, in a chantry, formerly belonging to the Tropenells, at the north side of the cliurch at Corsham, under which Roger Tropenell and his wife lie buried. It is, in design, very similar to tliat shewn in Plate VIII., Ecclesiasticiil Architecture, but smaller. Two sides of it are seen, the other two being placed against the north and east walls ; the south side has three quatrefoils, in which are as many oblong shields, with a mantle falling over at top and bottom. The shields are slightly curved. The centre one, on the south side, bears the Tropenell and Rous arms impaled in one ; the left baud (the heraldic deiter) bears the Tropenell arms, and the right (the heraldic sinister) has the Rous arms. The west end has one (juatrefoil, in which is a shield, similar to the others, bearing the Rous arms. The east end must have been ornamented, and probably had the Tropenell arms. The north side seems never to have been ornamented, but designed to abut against the wall.
{ This marriage is shewn on the same screen, at No. 5, on the same plate ; viz. on the dexter side of the shield, the Tropenell arms as before, and, the sinister side, az, three roadies ar,, within a bordure or, for Roche.
§ This marriage is also shewn on tlie same, at No. 4: viz. as before, on the dexter side the Tropenell amis, and on the sinister, ar. a chevron 5a. between three bears' heads erased of the same, for Ludlow of Hill Deverill. Sir Richard Colt Hoare gives tlie latter, in his History of Modern Wiltshire, among the arms of the families in the Hundred of Heytesburi/, and also the same, but inarlins^ instead of bears' heads in another page. In the pedigree there given of Ludlow, the fourth daughter of TFi//iam Ludlow, the first of that name, as of Hill Deverill, marries Thomas Trapnell, or Tropenell, of Chavile, co. Wilts, Esq. The Christian name of this lady is not mentioned ; but it must have been Agnes, and not Margaret, since Margaret, who was the eldest daughter, married William Sandes, and at a court held at Corsham "upon" " the Morrow of Saint Bartholomew the Apostle, in the ticenti/eth Year of the reign of King Henri/, the Sixth after" " the Conquest, came Thomas Tropenell, who holds of the Lord to bim and his Heirs, according to the custom of the " " manner, &c. One Mess^ and one Yard Land, with the appurts in Neston called le Eyres, and surrendered into the" " hands of the Lord the Messuage and Yard Land afores'', witli the appurts, to the use of himself and Agnes his wife," " Robert Ilungerford, Knight, and Robert Uungerford, Esq." (their Attorneys). This must liave been on his marriage, as he was admitted tenant to the same Messuage " At a court held there on Monday next after the feast of the Body of" " Christ, in the sixteenth Year of the Reign of King Henry, the Sixth after the Conquest," which seems to have been his first purchase, for which he paid " to the Lord for a Herriot, 12 shillings, according to tlie antient custom," and '• for a Fine 13 shillings and 4 pence." — Copies of Court Roll and Surrenders of Lands, S)C., in Corsham, in the same MS.
AT GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTSHIRE. 29
" Lord of Hill Deverell. In the last year of Edward IV. iMr. Tho' Tropenell, " " of East Chalfield, was living, which was in y" year 1483, who probably lived " " many years after."* Here the author imagines the pedigree to be incomplete, as the Thomas Tropenell who married the fourth daughter of William Ludlow, butler to the kings, Henry IV., V., and VI., must have been the projector of the Manor-House at Great Chalfield, and had livery of the estate from King Henry VI. and King Edward IV. He recovered it, after infinite litigation, in the 24th year of the reign of Henry VI., a.d. 1446 ; whereas the Thomas Trope- nell, who was father to Jane married to Mr. John Eyre, we find patron of the living, A.D. 1535, eighty-nine years afterwards, which would make him about one hundred and fifty years of age ; in 1526, a John, and in 1528, a Thomas, presented to the living ; both of whom must have been sons to Thomas who married Miss Ludlow. The former must have been the elder, and died sine prole, and the latter must have been father to Jane, married to Mr. John Eyre, who jointly presented to the living in 1555. Thomas married Elianore, daughter of Thomas Englefield, of Englefield, knight,f and " had issue together, two sons," " Humphrey and Christopher, and two daughters, Anne and Mary. John Trope- " " nell of Sherstone (this is second son to Philip Tropenell) had issue, John and " " Agnes, wedded to Thomas Ivy, Lord of Sherstone, which had Issue together " " John Ive, otherwise named himself John Trapnell, and Harry a younger son. " " But Tho' leaving behind him Issue, only one Son & two daughters, the son," " being at Mans estate dyed by an unfortunate accident as he was hunting : he" " put a pair of dog couples over his head, persued his sport, &, leaping over a" " hedge, the end of the dogg couple, w''' hung at his back, took hold of a" " bough, kept him from ground untill he was strangled. His two sisters, " " Ann & Mary, coheirs, the eldest married Mr. John Eyre, the other, Mr. " " Young, of Little Dunford, J in the County of Wilts, w'*" estate went to the " " Youngs by y' marryage. Mr. Eyre, by y' eldest sister, had a son, William, " " and six daughters.§ The eldest daughter marryed Mr. Green, of Milton in" " Somei'setshire ; another, Mr. Beausham, of Cottles, in y" parish of x^ttwai'd, "
* He died a.d. 1490; was feoifee to Robert, Lord Hungerford, a.d. 148'; and had a son named Chiistofer.—. See Sm Thomas Phillipp's Instilutions in Wiltshire, pp. 170, 174.
t See pedigree of Tliomas Englefeld, at p. 83, PL. 9, in College nf Arms, which varies much from this MS. ; as Thomas lie Tropnelle ar., who married Eleanore Englefeeld, had four daughters : viz. Anne, mar. to Ayere, nf Wiltshire ; Elizabeth, mar. to IF". Ogane, yoman ; Mary, mar. to John Younge, of Wiltshire, and Eleanore, mar. to Andrew Blackmor, yoman, and only one son, viz. Giles de Tropnelle, who died younge.
{ In a pedigree of Younge, of Dorneford, this marriage is given ; but Egidius Trapnell de Chaufeld, and not Thomas, is given as the name of the father of Mary. This, however, must be a mistake; as the pedigree of Englefeeld, cited above, clearly shews it is the same person See 1. C. 22, 26'". in College of Arms.
§ In Bubee's History of the Commi'ners of Great Britain, four daughters only are mentioned.
30 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MANOR-HOUSE
" or Attford, in Wilts ; Mr. Scroope, of Castle Combe, another ; one other to " " Mr. Burdet, a family in Berks ; one to Mr. Dantsey, in Gloucestershire ; one " " to Mr. Quintine, of Corton, in Hilmarton parish, Wilts. The son, afterwards " " S' William, marryd Anne, daughter of S' Edw** Bainton, of Bromeham, " " Wilts', by whome he had three sonnes, John, afterwards S' John, Edw**, & " " William, afterw"^ S' Edw" & S' William. S' John had Chaldfield, and dyed, " " leaving no Issue. Edward, the second son, dyed unmarryed. S' W"' his " " youngest son, had Nestone, w'^'' S' W"' left one son, William,* whose Issue male" " failing, y'' Estate Nestone came to his daughter, M" Jane Eyre, who marryd " " S' John Hanham, Bart'., of Wymbourn, Dorsetshire, who inherited Great" " Chalfield, Nestone, &c. & sold Chalfield to M^ Hall. S' W" Eyre of Chal- " " field, after y' death of Anne, his first wife, marryd y*" daughter of Alderman " " Jackson, of London, by whome he had two sons, Robert & Henry. To " " Robert he gave Little Chaldfield, or West Chaldfield, lately sold to M' Baynton," " who left it to his youngest son, Thos. Baynton ; & Mr. Thos. Baynton's wife " " had a daughter by M' Hall : he gave her all his estate ; and this lady marryd " " y*" marquis of Dorset,f was mother to the last duke of Kingston, who sold " " Great Chalfield to Neale.;]; He had also three daughters, Anne, Lucie, &" " Olive. Anne married Jn°, eldest son of S' Walter Long, of Draycut, Bar* ; " " Lucie marry 'd W". Stafford, of Marlewood, in Gloucestershire, Esq. Olive " " dyed mimarried, 1695."
" ^s leafs from trrcs, mnnltinb iro Irrop ntong," *' *io sonnes of morinis flfun'sl) mti bccay :" " Mfiat mortals tiutlli, time Jjocs m Hubbt'sl) Ihh," " ^s fates Jjecrce j.k ircstt'nics ofacij."
William Percy and Agnes, the first mentioned in the pedigree of Percy, must have had a daughtei-, Catherine, who married Walter Tropenell, second son of
• In 14th of Charles the 1st (1638), the manor and the patronage of the church at Great Chawfield, was a whole knight's fee, annexed to tlie Ducliy of Lancaster, and was held by Richard Gurnard, and the lieir of Sir William Eyre, together with the constableship of Troubridge Castle : and then consisted of a thousand acres of land in ChaliielJ, Ilolt, and Lynelford. — An Account of the Knights' Fees, and Parts of Fees, in the County of Wilts, annexed to the Duchy if Luncuster Roll in the Duchy of Lancaster Office.
t Thisoughtto be Dorchester, son of Evelyn Pierrepoint, fifth Earl of Kingston, created Marquis of Dorchester, 1706, by Queen Anne, and Duke of Kingston, by George I., nhich title became extinct upon the deatli of Evelyn, then Duke of Kingston, 23d September, 1773, who "must have married the daughter of Mr. Hall by the wife of Tho". Bayntun." — See DuGiJALii's English Peerage, vol. ii. pp. 18, 19, Fitinct Peerage, London, 1790. Also Burke's Extinct and Dormant Peerage, p, 420.
} Robert Neale, Esq., ofSlmw House, near Melksham, Wilts, was a descendant of the O'Neales, dukes of Tyrone, Ireland. — See the Pedigree, D. 6. 14. in College of Arms ; also, Keating's History of Ireland.
AT GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTSHIRE. 31
Sir Osbert Tropenell, Knight. As, in the pedigree of the Tropenells, " the said " Walter, the second son, took to wife Catherine, daughter of S' Wilham Percy," " sister to Sir Harry Percy, Knights, Lords of Much Chaldefeld, otherwise called" " East Chaldefeld," and by this marriage and the failure of male issue to Sir Harry Percy, the third knight of that name, the estate, after much litigation, was re- covered by Thomas Tropenell, Esq.,* who married Agnes, fourth daughter of William Ludlow, Lord of Hill Deverell, and who by the arms now existing on a shield in the roof of the noble banqueting hall at Great Chalfield, shewn in Plate XIX., which are those of Ludlow of Hill Deverell, as also by those on the elegant stone screen in the church, shewn at No. 4, Plate VL, must have been the projector of The Manor-House at Great Chalfield, which is the immediate subject of research ; and than which there cannot be found a more interesting example of Domestic Gothic Architecture.
Thomas Tropenell, and Agnes, his wife, lie buried under a magnificent altar- tomb, in a chantry, formerly belonging to his family, in Corsham church, Wilts,f which is shewn in Plate VHL, Ecclesiastical Architecture, on which the Trope- nelle and Ludlow arms appear, together with the motto which he seems to have adopted : viz. 2,C JOUCJ tj)ra I)f IltllTf nt, which we also find on the ceiling of the hall at Great Chalfield in various places, and introduced in various ways (see Plates XIX. and XX.), but always with the representation of a yoke, such as was formerly used for oxen, forming the nominative case to the verb tyra. Whether this was expressive of the tenure under which he held the manor, or whether it applied to politics, or to agricultural pursuits, is not easy, at this remote period, to determine ; but it proved sadly prophetic of the melancholy manner in which his race became extinct, in less than a century afterwards, as mentioned in the pedigree above cited.
The author has to regret the absence of any kind of document as to the real date of the erection of the building, beyond those he has given ; which, how- ever, sufficiently warrant him in ascribing it to the latter end of the reign of Henry the Sixth. Since then, nothing has been added to its beauties. The long range of offices to the right, and the barns, seem to have been built in Queen Elizabeth's time ; and, in the guest chamber, a very elaborate fireplace was inserted, by which the hand of destruction first went to work, in cutting up
* He was feoffee, in a.d. 1453, to Robert Lye, and, in a.d. 1486, to Robert, Lord Huugerford.— . See Sir Thomas Phillipp*s InstitulioJis in WUtskire, ^
t This Chantry Chapel seems to have descended with the estate of Neston, as Mr. Fuller of Neston is the present proprietor.
32 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE CHURCH
into the oak-ribbed roof, to admit of this singular design of meretricious taste, Avhich forms a very striking contrast to the elegant semicircular oriel window in the same room, shewn in Plates VII. VIII. and IX. ; and which contrast would be quite sufficient, independent of any other proof, to convince the advocates of what is generally termed Elizabethan Architecture, of the infinite superiority of good taste prevalent in the fifteenth century. Buildings, in which the original offices were contained, were then pulled down to the south of the left wing, at X. X. X. X. Plate III., by which the present external south wall, which was originally an internal division, has been exposed, and the head of the furthest truss to the south was cut away, to form a hip to the roof, by which means the rafters have pushed out, and endangered the east wall. The present possessor. Sir Harry Burrard Neale, to whom this estate came by his marriage with Grace- Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Robert Neale, Esq., whose father was the purchaser from the Duke of Kingston, anxious to preserve this truly venerable fabric, has intrusted the author with the necessary repairs.*
The Church at Great Chalfield, which is dedicated to All Saints, bears evident signs of greater antiquity than tlie present Manor-House ; and, in 1308, a chapel existed here, to which " Walterus de Chaldefeld" presented " W"" de Cumbe,'' the walls of which, the author presumes, still remain, forming the body of the present church, — the west window having been an insertion, and the bell-turret an addition of a latter date. The porch, also, which is peculiar, and of elegant design, seems to have been added, together with the present west doorway, about the time of Henry VII. Thomas Tropenell, who built the manor-house, erected a beautiful chantry chapel to the south, and enclosed it with a rich stone screen, of excellent workmanship, adorned with the arms of his family, shewing its descent from the Percys, to the time of erection (see Plates V. and VI., Ecclesiastical Architecture, and. descriptions). A chancel must have existed eastward of the present church, which has been rebuilt, and in 1775 added to, southward, to the extent of the chantry chapel, when an arch was cut through the east wall of this chapel, by which the cornice of the ornamental oak ceiling was injured. The floor of the church was raised one foot eight inches, in 1765,f and the whole
• See Preface to the second edition.
t The Parchment Register, now in the church, commences in 1545, 25 January, "In die conversionis Sancti Pauli," and the following are the entries concerning the church repairs : —
" The Church of Chalfield Blagna was set in good repair, a.d. 1~1P : — viz. the roof was new laid, and a large" " buttress set up on the north side ; and the body of the church was new ceiled."
"John Lewis, Rector."
" Tho". Miles, Church Warden"
AT GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTSHIRE.
33
church white-limed and painted. By the former, the base of the stone screen, which had before been removed to its present position, namely, under the arch between the church and the chancel, was buried ; the screen itself was much injured, and some elegant fresco paintings on the walls of the chantry chapel were covered, portions of which are now visible ; and, although the present worthy rector, the Rev. Richard Warner, is most anxious to have these reno- vated, they are so completely destroyed by this barbarous practice, that they must only remain as proofs of the magnificence of past ages. Mr. Warner has done much towards restoring other portions of the church, particularly the west window, and has enriched the other windows with stained glass.
The following is a list of the Patrons and Rectors of Great and Little Chalfield, as given in Sir Thomas Phillipp's " Institutiones ex Registro Novae Sarum Episcopi :"
1308
1316 1338
1338
1341 1348
1349
1354
1361
Capella vel Ecclesia.
Capell. Chaldefeld Capell. Chaldefeld Capel. Chaldefeld Magna Cap. Chaldefeld Magna
Capel. Chaldefeld Magna
Capel. Chaldefeld Capel. Est Chaldefeld
E. Chaldefeld Magna
E. Chaldefeld Magna
E. Chaldfeld Magna
Patronus.
Walterus de Chaldefeld Walterus de Chaldefeld Rogerus de Percy Henricus le Percy
Henricus de Percy,Dominus
de Chaldfeld Magna Henricus Percy Henricus Percy, Miles
Henricus Percy, Miles
Henricus de Percy, Miles
Philippus_/?fe. Waryn, Miles
Clericus. ■^ymus jg Cunibe Robertus de Broghton Johannes de Mere Johannes de Chaldfeld
Magna Henricus de Lodyngton
Johannes Pilk Johannes Gore, p. m.
Johannis Pilk Johannes Pacy, j). r.
Johannis Gore Ricardus Trymenet,
p. r. Johannis Spacy Thomas Alayn {qtd resig-
navit Chaldefeld Parva)
" The Chancel was set in good repair, Anno Domini 1722, cost ^3 : 5 : 8. — J. Lewis, Rector." " The Chancel was again repaired, a.u. 1747. — J. Lewis, Rector."
" The floor of Chalfield Church was raised one foot and eight inches, and new laid, new forms were set up, and ' *' the ichole church white-limed and painted, and a canopy placed over the pulpit, a.d. 1765."
" Clem'. Glynn, Rector." " The Chancel was again repaired : viz. the roof new laid and ceiled, the floor raised one foot and three inches, " and the seats painted, a.d. 1765 : cost ^15 : 14 ; 1."
" C. Glynn, Rector."
" J. Miles, Church Warden."
34
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE CHURCH
Capella vel Ecclesfa. 1362 E. Chaldefeld Parva
1388 E. Chaldfeld Parva
1404 E. Chaldefeld :Magna
1410 E. Est. Chaldefelde
1411 E. Est. Chalvelde
1411 E. Chaldefeld {Parva)
1417 E. Chaldefeld Magna
1419 E. Est Chaldefeld
1419 E. Est Chaldefeld
1425 E. Est Chaldefeld
1437 West Chaldefeld
1445 E. Est Chaldefeld 1488 E. Chalfield Magna
E. West Chalfeld 1494 Capel. de West Chaldefeld
1507 Capel. de Chaldfeld Parva, alias West Chaldfeld
1518 E. Chaldefeld Magna, al. Est Chaldefeld
1525 E. Omnium Sanctorum
Chaldfeld Magna
1526 E. Chaldfeld Magna
1528 E. Chaldfeld Magna
1535 E. Chalfeld jNIagna
1537 Capella de Chalfeld Parva
Patronus.
Prior de Worspryng, ob minor, (etatem Johannis Jilii Thomae Perci
Johannes Percy de Chal- feld
Constantia, nuper uxor Henrici de la Ryver
Constantia, qu(B fiiit uxor Henrici dela Ryver, Militis
Constantia, relicta H. de la Ryver, Militis
Johannes Rous de Immere, Armiger
Constantia, relicta Henrici de la Ryver, Militis
Constantia, Domina de Est Chaldefeld
Constancia, mtper uxor Henrici de la Ryver
M"""" Rous, Armiger
Johannes Boorne
Episcopus, per laps.
Episcopus, pier laps.
Episcopus, per laps.
Episcopus, per laps.
Johannes Westbury
Thomas Tropenell,^r?ni^er
Thomas Trapnell, Armiger
Johannes Tropnell,
Armiger Thomas Tropnell, Armiger
Thomas Tropnell, Armiger
W"" Button, Ge7i : ex con- cess : Haivisiae de West- burv, Vid.
Johannes Wilde, p. m. Reginaldi de Berleigh
Philippus Lye,
p. r. Johannis Wilde Johannes ^Nlascal
Walterus Wylmot,
vice Johannis Mascal Johannes Plebs, p. r.
Walter! Wilmot Johannes Wyseman,
vice Philippi Lye Johannes Plebs, permut.
cum W""" Beckebury Johannes Hillewyke
Radulfus Benet, p. m.
Johannis Illewyk Tho' Broun Ricardus Beauchamp Robertus Benet Thomas Langporte Thomas Hedley Ricardus Norton,
p. m. Thomas Sqwier Edwardus Huggyns,
p. r. Ricardi Norton Willielmus Haxe, p. m.
Johannis Rede W'""' Haye, permut. cum
Johanne Floke Johannes JefTery,
p.r. Johannis Floke Gul""' Robynson,
p. r. Johannis Jefferys Thomas David, P. R.
Gul°" Robynson Johannes Thyn,
p. m. Edwardi Higgons
AT GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTSHIRE.
35
1555
1575
1593 1598 1603
ECCLESIA.
E. Chaklfild Magna
E. Chaldfield Magna
E. Chaldfield Magna
E. Chaldfield
E. Chaldfield Ma?na
Patronus,
Johannes Eyre & Anna
uxor ejus Johannes Eyre, Armiger
Regina, per lapsum W"" Eyre, Miles W"" Eyre, Miles de Chal- field
Clericus.
Radulphus Hyll,
p. m. Thoniae Davys Johannes Ap-Jones,
p. r. Edwardi Procter Nicholaus Lymbye Frauncis Staune Robertus Bradshawe,*
p. d. Francisi Stanne
* The following is a copy of an extract from the Registry at Salisbury;—
" Extracted from the Registry of the Lord Bishop of Sarum. — 1671."
" Chaldfield ~j A Terrier of all such Tythes, Profitts, and Priviledges as belongeth to the Parsonage of Chald- " " Magna. J field jMagna, iu the countie of Wiltes, and Diocs of Sarum."
" First, We returne, that there is noo House or outhouses, within our Pish of Chaldfield Magna, that belongeth to the ' " Parsonage, save only one Chamber in the Mannor-House, which is commonly called the Blinister's Chamber; But ' " antlant men have reported, that they have heard from other antiant men that were before them, that said that ' " there was a Parsonage House which stood in a Ground neer the Manno' House, called Parsonage Closse, als Pen ' " Closse."
" Alsoe, Wee returne, that, uppon the Report of Antiant Men, Long since dead, there have ben Glebe Lands belong- ' " ing to the Parsonage of Chaldfield Magna, But that any of this incumbant's predecess™, for many ages past, ' " did ever possess or enjoy them, we never heard, neither is there any Terrier to be found thereof (albeitt diligent ' " search have ben made in the courts at London, and else where, by the incumbent."
" Alsoe, We have heard, that one M' Bradshaw, who was Parson of our said Pish before the Present Incumbent, had ' " his dyett, the keeping of a House, and Sixteen Pound p. Annum, of the owners of the said Manno^ of Chaldfield ' " Magna, in Lieu of his Tythes due out of the said IManno'', for the space of Forty Years, and that the p'sent In- ' " cumbent bath had, for the space of forty yeares, a composition of two and thirty Pounds yearly, paid him by the ' " owners of the said Manno*" in Lieu of his Tythes, and the keeping of a Horse (and besides exempted) and dis- ' *' charged from all taxes and payments whatsoever (except the Tenthes payable to the Kings Ma'y, and procroacons ' " to the Lord Bishop."
" Alsoe, the p'seut Incumbent hath the Tythes of a Farme, called Moxham's Farme, lying within the said Pisli, worth ' " to him five Pounds ^ annum, and the Tyth of a Ground lying within the same Pish, called Bowood, worth ' " ten Shillings ^ annum."
" Alsoe, the present Incumbent hath received forty Shillings by the yeare from the owners of West Chaldfield, which ' " do usuallv come to his Church. — John Wilton, Rector Christofeb Moxham."
" Magna Chalfield. — There is now only paid from the tenant of John Hall, Esq'"., whose name is John Sartain, the " " sum annualy of thirty-two Pounds. — Of Christopher Moxham is received aunualy, four Pounds. Witness o'' " *' Hands, May 21, 1705. — John Deacon, Rector. — Christ. Moxham, Churchwarden,"
" Chalfield Jlagna. — A true Note and Terrier of all such Tithes, Profits, and Privileges as belong to the Rectory of"
" Chalfield Magna, in the County of Wilts, and Diocese of Sarum." " First, We return, that there is no House or Outhouses, nor Glebe Lands, belonging to the Parsonage of Great"
" Chalfield." " Also, We return, that the present Incumbent is paid a composition of Fifty pounds 3^ Annum, by equal half-yearly "
" payments, in Lieu of all Tithes arising and becoming due from the IManor of Great Chalfield, and is exempted "
36
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE CHURCH
1629
1678
1689 1707
1711
1712
1761
1809
Capella vel Ecclesia. E. Chalfield Magna
E. Chalfield Magna
E. Chawfield
E. Chaldfield Magna
E. Chalfeld Magna
E. Chaldfield Magna
E. Great Chalfield
E. Chaldfield Magna
Pathonus. W""' Eyre, Uliles
Johannes Hall, Armiger
Johannes Hall, Armiger Johannes Hall, Armiger
Comes Kingston
W""" Comes Kingston
Evelyn, Duke of Kingston
Sir Harry Burrard Neale of Walhampton, Co. Hants, Bar'
Clericcs.
Johannes Wilton,
p. m. Roberti Bradshaw Michael Poulton,
p. m. Wilton
Johannes Deacon Thomas Weeks,
p. in. Johannis Deacon Gulielmus Skammell,*
p. m. Thomae Weeks Johannes Lewis,
p. r. Gulielmi Skamell Clement Glynn,
p. m. John Lewis Richard Warner,-!-
p. m. Clement Glynn.
The living is a discharged Rectory in the archdeaconry and diocess of Salis- bury, valued in the King's Books at <£6. The population of the parish, together with the extra-parochial liberty of Little Chalfield, was, at the census of 1831, 83 souls. The estate was assessed to the Property Tax of 1815, at ,£2,9"20.
" and discharged from aB Taxes and payments whatsoever, except the King's Land Tax and Procurations to the "
" Lord Bishop." " Also, The present Incumbent is paid the yearly sum of three Pounds and Ten Shillings, in Lieu of Great and Small "
" Tithes, arising and becoming due on certain Lands in this Parish, belonging to John Blagden, of Grey's Inn, "
" London, Esq^., and now in the occupation of Farmer John Reynolds." " Also, 'I'be present Incumbent hath the Tithe of Hay, Wool, and Lamb, arising on certain Lands in this Parish, be- "
" longing to James Moxham, of the City of London, Sugar Refiner ; but the agistment Tithes due for dispasturing "
" barren cattel on the same Estate, are not yet settled." " Also, The present Incumbent is paid the yearly sum of nineteen Shillings in Lieu of the Tithes of a Field in this "
*' Parish, called Bowood." " Also, We return that the Rectory of Great Chalfield hath been augmented with four hundred Pounds, two hundred "
" Pounds of which were from the Governors of the Bounty of Queen Anne, and the other two hundred Pounds the "
" Benefaction of the late Robert Neale, of Corsham, Esq', the Interest of which, paid yearly, amounts to eight "
*' Pounds."
" Witness our hands, the fourteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and "
" eighty-three. Ciement Glvns, Rector James Fhickeii, Churchwarden. — William Pain."]
" The above are true Copies and Extracts taken from the Originals, and^examined by me,"
" Edw. Davies, N.P. — D. Registrar,"
• Removed to Tetbury in 1712.
t The Rev. Richard Warner, F..'\.S. Hon. Mem. of the Imperial Ca,-sar. Soc. of Nat. Hist, at Moscow, and of the Dutch Soc. of Sciences at Haerlem, &c. &c., is Author of " Hampihire Extracted from Domesday Book," •• Antiqui-
AT GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTSHIRE. 37
tales CuUimria:," " An Atlempt to ascertain the Siiudtion of the Ancient Claitsentum." " The HistM-y of Glastonhnry Abbey," and many otlier works, both on antiquity and divinity.
On a tablet, on the south wall in the body of the church, is the following inscription to the memory of the mother of Mrs. Warner.
TO THE MEiMORY OF
MRS. ELIZABETH PEARSON,
DAUGHTER AND HEIRESS OF JOHN LEAKE, ES(i.
OF Salter's HILL, SHROPSHIRE;
RELICT OF TH03IAS TEAHSON, Esa. OF TETTENHALL, STAFFORDSHIRE ;
and mother of anne (her youngest daughter)
the WIFE OF THE
REV. RICHARD WARNER,
RECTOR OF THIS PARISH:
FULL OF FAITH, HOPE, AND CHARITY,
SHE PUT OFF THIS MORTAL
TO BE CLOTHED WITH IMMORTALITY,
ON THURSDAY MORNING,
THE 12TII DAY OF APRIL, 1832.
BLESSED ARE THE DEAD WHICH DIE
IN THE LORD, FROM HENCEFORTH :
YEA, SAITH THE SPIRIT, THAT THEY
.MAY REST FROM THEIR LABOURS; AND
THEIR WORKS DO FOLLOW THEM.
REV. XIV. 13.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
THE MANOR-HOUSE AND CHURCH AT GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTS.
Plate I. Perspective View.
This is a Perspective View, taken from a point marked © on the General Plan, Plate II., shewing the Manor-House and the Church, restored in those parts which are now either destroyed or altered. A window has been inserted under the right-hand Oriel of late years ; hut the one shewn is as it is supposed originally to have existed, the label being still perfect. The tops of the chimney- shafts are restox-ed from existing documents. In the left wing, a small window has been inserted between the semicircular Oriel and the two-light window on the ground-floor, but is omitted in this view, as forming no part of the original design. The wall, which divides the consecrated ground of the Cliurchyard from the fore-court, is shewn pulled down in parts to display the west front of the Church, and the left wing of the Manor-House. The entrance from the fore- court into the churchyard does not exist, but is introduced, instead of a common wicket, to harmonise better with the other portions.
Plate II. The General Plan.
This Plate shews the Playi of the Ground and buildings which lie within the fortifications ; no remains of the original works of the Romans are now discern- ible. The front is guarded by a Moat and txvo Bastions, which latter are, in plan, portions of circles, but which, from wooden lintels still remaining over the open- ings of the loopholes, cannot be of very great antiquity ; probably these were rebuilt on old foundations, as, from the thick wall having been taken down at the south of the Church to the point marked x, we may safely suppose a fortress to have existed here, prior to the present Manor-House ; for, if the line of this wall were continued, it would cut into a space which has been occupied by buildings forming part of the house, but now pulled down. The approach at present is by a stone bridge over the moat, where the original entrance existed, as the jamb-mouldings of the Outer Gateway still remain, and a drawbridge
MANOll-HOUSE, GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTSHIRE. 39
probably occupied the place of the present stone one. The Entrance Gateway to the fore-court is near the extremity of the long range of offices, which extend from the house to within twenty feet of the front wall. The arches of this gateway are much older than the offices themselves, which must have been built about Queen Elizabeth's time, together with the barns, and other out-buildings. The old work extends to a little above the archways. Another gatexcay has existed at the furthest extremity of this range of buildings aiy, and another at s; the latter was the entrance to an inner court, the buildings of which are now entirely destroyed. The Church stands in an area of irregular figure, now forming the Churchyard. The Manor- House, from its situation with regard to the Church, must have been built since the latter, as it is not very probable that the architect would wish to obscure a view of the principal front. To the left is a iV/i//, impelled by the water from the Moat, and this building, though modernised, is of great antiquity ; and, even at the time of the Domesday survey, half a mill existed here, the other half probably belonged to the Manor of West or Little Chaldfield. At the back is a moat orjish-pond, which is supplied by natural springs ; it is 51 feet wide, and 538 feet long; out of it two smaller_y?s7?-/;o«r/s, each 83 feet by 31 feet, are supplied ; it empties itself into a rivulet which flows parallel with its length, which also receives the water from the mill. The level of the moat at the back is many feet lower than of that in front, and that of the rivulet is still lower. The space between the house and the moat, or fish-ponds at the back, is planted out as an orchard. From the rivulet the ground rises rapidly southwards.
The Manor-House.
Plate HI. shews a Ground Plan, and a First Floor Plan, of the Manor- House, to a scale of one inch to twenty feet. The Ground Plan is expressed by a darker tint, and occupies the top and right-hand side of the Plate. Those walls, which are shewn in dotted lines ai x x x x, have been pulled down, by which the Staircase, which led up to the rooms in the left wing, has been removed. Tiie ground-floor consists of a Banqueting-Hall, 40 ft. 24- in. by 20 ft. 2\ in. and 20 ft. high, which is entered by a richly groined Porch. In this porch, to the right hand, is a very small loophole, for the convenience of receiv- ing letters, or ascertaining who wished to enter, before the cumbrous oaken bar should be withdrawn. Even that precaution was not deemed sufficient, as a small zvicket was cut in the sturdy oak door, across which the bar could be with- drawn, without admitting of the large door to open, the better to guard against
40 DESCRIPTION^ OF THE PLATES.
intruders. An oalc screen, very similar to that at Haddon, reaches across the Hall near the door, and forms a passage, at the other end of which a door entered into the inner court ; outside of this door a Porch has existed, but is now pulled down. From the portion of the Hall divided off by the screen, a door led to the left, into the D'niing-room and Staircase now existing. Behind the dining-room is a long narrow room, with a fireplace and two loopholes : below the further loophole, the oak bar of a Gatexoay, now destroyed, ran into the wall ; so that this must have been a kind of Porter's dzoelUng, from which a j^assage led to the extremity of the building westward, having loopholes, to enable the Porter to survey those persons who approached the inner court. Out of the dining-room a door enters, into what is supposed to have been the Priest's DxcelUng. At the eastern end of the Hall are two Bays, richly groined, which communicated with the Domestic Offices, now pulled down, and the staircase leading to the rooms on the first floor of the left wing, which was approached through a strongly groined apartment, lighted by one very narrow window at each side of the but- tress supporting the semicircular oriel. At C, a door still exists, which is pre- sumed to have led into the staircase, as the wall at that point has evidently been an interior partition ; these being the only rooms without fireplaces, must have served as passage-rooms to the staircase and offices. The long range of building to the right, built about the time of Queen Elizabeth, contains Stables, and other Offices, and seems to have been designed to screen the Barns and other Far>n-huildings from the front of the house. The First Floor Plan is in a lighter tint at the bottom of the Plate, and shews the rich ceiling of the Hall; in the left wing the Guest Chamhcr, and a small dressing-closet; this room is lighted by the elegant semicircular oriel mindora at one end, and a four-light square- headed window, and another two-light one now blocked up in the east wall : at the further end are two openings, which originally have been doorways, lead- ing to other rooms now pulled down. Opposite the small dressing-closet, out of the Guest Chamber, w^as a similar one over the corresponding Bay of the Hall, from which a door, at D, led into the rooms now pulled down. From these dressing-closets, whatever was passing in the Hall could be distinctly seen and heard, by means of a small opening in each, disguised in the Hall by a mask (see Plate XIX. and description). In the right wing is a spacious Bed-room, 29 ft. 4 in. by 17 ft. 9 in., lighted by an octagonal Oriel Wi?idorc', towards the north, and a two-liglit window and loophole to the west (at C, in this room, is a similar look out into the Hall), out of which was another small dressing-closet ; and from this, and the cortesponding one, led two small staircases into the roof
MAXOll-HOUSE, GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTSHIRE. 41
of the Hall, whereby a private communication might be kept up, without the necessity of going clown one staircase, traversing the Hall, and up another. This room and the guest-chamber seem to have been originally open to the rafters of the roof, as the purlins and braces are moulded. See Plate V. Other explanations are given on the Plate.
Plate IV. The North Front, and the Figures which terminate the Gables. This, the principal front of the Manor-House, is more regular in design than ancient buildings generally ; yet the playfulness of outline is not lost sight of. The richness of the two Oriel Winclozvs, the spirit expressed in the figures, and the elegant Chimnetj-shaft, make it a highly interesting subject of study ; the beauty of the details will be appreciated in the following Plates. The two figures which are on the gables of the Banqueting-Hall are in the armour of the time of Henry VI., as also the one on the gable of the left wing; which circum- stance gives additional weight to the presumed date of erection.*
Plate V. shews a Longitudinal Section through the Hall, the line of which is dotted on the Plans, Plate HI. In the Hall are seen the Entrance Door, with. the Oah bar drawn across, and the small wicket; i\\Q Screen; the Music Gallery, now destroyed ; the Windows ; the Fireplace, and the Archway into the north Bay, over which is a 7nask, concealing a small look-out from the dressing-closet. To the left is the Guest Chamber, and room under ; below is shewn a section of the Groined-room ; to the right, the Dining-rooin and Bed-rooms over ; at c c, in the roof of the Hall, are the entrances to the small staircases, leading into the Dressing-closets : a compartment of the roof of each wing is given at the bottom of the Plate, with its own details. To the left is the base of the chimney-shaft at D, and in the centre of the Plate is a ja7?ib, found, on the level of the first floor, in the south wall of the left wing, which proves that wall to have been an interior partition ; a section of the base is also shewn.
• For this information, the author is indebted to tbe opinion of Sir Samuel Jleyriclt, F.S.A., than whom no person possesses a better knowledge of ancient armour. In answer to an inquiry on this subject, the author was honoured by the following note: —
" 23 Mount Street, Grosvenor Square, 3d May, 1837. " Sir Samuel Meyrict presents Lis respects to Sir. Walker, and, in reply to his inquiry, begs leave to say, that the figures are of the time of Henry VI., i. e. about the fifteenth century. Those in armour wear on their heads the Balade ; but the other figure has the head-piece, either not correctly represented, or the upper part is modern. It seems to be intended for the visard salade, which, as well as the simple salade, was worn in the time of Henry VI. ; at any rate, the feet are of the period. "
G
42 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
Plate VI. shews two Transverse Sections across the Hall, the lines of which are dotted on the Plans, Plate III. : that to the right shews the Bays and the Dressing-closets over, with the look-out through a mask from each into the Hall. At the bottom of the Plate are shewn the Griffins, which terminate the small gables of the North Front, holding a shield with the Tropenell Arms. These figures are of excellent workmanship, and are designed with great spirit. To the right are given the details of the ca7-pentrij of the roof of the Hall, and the oak Tnoiddi?igs of the ceilings in the dressing-closets.
Plates VH. VHI. and IX. illustrate the Semicircular Oriel Window in the left wing, north front. Plate VII. shews the Exterior Elevation and Section ; Plate VIII. Plans, sections of Mouldings, and the jxiteras in the lower string course ; Plate IX. the Interior Elevation, and various details. The ornament which crowns this window is shewn to a larger scale, and is peculiarly beautiful in effect, though not, perhaps, in drawing ; it is extremely light, and appropriate in application : by the bold manner in which it is pierced, and the undulating form of the leaves, any heaviness, which otherwise would exist, is done away : it is commonly termed the Strawberry-leaf ornament ; but this example differs from any the author has seen, as the circular portions of the leaves, instead of being convex, are concave, which adds greatly to the richness of the whole. The soffit inside is richly groined in fanwork, a half-plan of which is given in Plate VIII. The j)endauts, which terminate the groining, are peculiar, spread- ing over the arch moulding. The heads, at the bottom of the Plate to the riglit, form the brackets of the corbelling outside. See Plate VII. The original iron fastening to the window is given half the real size.
Plate X. gives, at No. 1, the Window in the Bay of the Hall, and, at No. 2, the Windoxv of the Hall, north front. The labels are terminated by squares placed diagonally, enriched with a leaf in the centre ; the details explain themselves.
Plates XI. and XII. shew the Octagonal Oriel Window in the right wing. Plate XI. gives an Elevation and Section: the arms which finish this window at top are those of Tropenell, but seem of later date than the rest of the work ; under the Corbelling, which is panelled, the label of a square-headed window still exists ; the dotted lines shew what the head of the window is supposed to have been, with a strong muUion in the centre, similar to that given in Plate XV.,
MANOR-HOUSE, GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTSHIRE. 43
No. 2. Plate XII. shews Plans double the scale of the Elevation, taken at three different heights, j«w6 and miilUon, sections oi mouldings at large, &c.
Plate XIII. gives the Entrance Porch and the Oak Door of the Hall. The section shews the small window or loophole, through which letters might be received in the dining-room, or visitors might be reconnoitred before an entrance was granted them. The Porch is richly groined ; two of the Corbels consist of angels bearing shields with the Tropenell Arms. The primitive oak bar, where- with to secure the door, is still existing. The door consists of two thicknesses of oak; the joints of the outer thickness are laid vertically, and those of the inner horizontally, and are bolted together with large iron nails : the jambs of the arches and other details, are given to a larger scale. The iron handle of the small door is also shewn.
Plate XIV. gives a plan and details of the North Bay of the Banqueting- Hall, which is also groined ; the rib of the groining is richly moulded, and is shewn one-fourth full size. In the centre is a shield with the Tropenell Arms. The South Bay is similar to this, except that the shield in the centre of the groining which is given in this Plate, differs in form ; it also bears the Tropenell Arms. At the top of the Plate, to the right, are shewn the water-table of the buttresses, and the set-off of the base of the great Chimney-shaft ; to the left are bracket mouldings, supporting a staircase in the corner (at A) of the North Bay, which leads from the dressing-closet to the roof of the Hall. Other details are given, and are referred by letter.
Plate XV. gives, at No. 1, a small Square-headed Window in the dressing- closet, over the South Bay (see Plate VI.) : at No. 2, one half of a long window in the east wall of the left wing ; and at No. 3, one half of a similar window, but of later date, in the priest's dwelling. The jambs and mullions are given at the top of the Plate to the right.
Plate XVI. gives the Fireplace of the Hall, and details of the same. The Spandrils, which had been plastered up until the author visited Great Chalfield, are shewn to a larger scale, and are very peculiar in character. At the bottom of the Plate are details of the Great Chimney-shaft of this fireplace. See Plate IV. To the left of this, and immediately over the eaves of the small gable, a covering has originally existed for the Small angular Staircase, but is now
44 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
destroyed : this accounts for the irregular way in which the base of the chimney-sliaft is finis-iied, and for the precaution taken in cutting a small gutter in tlie stone-work.
Plate XVII. shews an Elevation of the Oak Screen of the Hall, which does not seem ever to have had doors, as the pinnacles and buttresses of the octagonal uprights are returned in profile ; probably, arras was hung across the openings : the octagonal uprights support a beam, into which the joists of the Music Gallery floor were morticed, and on which the front of the Gallery rested. This screen has been very similar to the one in the Hall at Haddon ;* but the front of the Music Gallery has been destroyed, while that at Haddon is entire. Details are given at the bottom of the Plate referred to the Elevation by letter.
Plate XVIII. Details of the Oak Screen; one of the octagonal uprights is shewn, and the tracery heads of the panelling, which in each division are different, are of very superior workmanship. This screen has been very richly painted and gilt ; but, from the various coats of whitewasli, it is now hastening rapidly to decay ; indeed, the bases were with great difficulty made out. The pinnacle is shewn one-half full size, and the moiddings one-fourth full size.
Plate XIX. shews at the top the motto adopted by Thomas Trapnell or Tropenell, Esq., the projector of the Manor-House, which is St J0U5 tgl'tl fcrif mrnt, the representation of a yoke forming the nominative case to the verb tvrn X bf If llTf lit is an old French word, hellement meaning well or effectually ; so that it might be rendered, tlie yoke drezo well, or the yoke sat lightly. The yoke is painted white, as, also, tlie scroll on which the words Tyra helement are painted (the T is pink, and the other letters blue), on a deep red ground. In the centre of the Plate are shewn the oak bosses which ornament the tie- beams of the Hall ceiling. The three centre bosses formerly had shields with coats of arms ; the first to the right still exists as shewn, and bears the Ludloxo Arms of Hill Deverell, Wilts ; viz. Argent, a chevron between three bears' heads erased, sable; which are those oi Agnes, wife of Thomas Tropenell, Esq., and fourth daugliter to William Ludlow. In the centre, it may be presumed, were the Tropenell and the Liidlorc arms on one shield, shewing
• See Rayner's Account of Haddon Hall, lately published, illustrated with liihograpliic plates, imperial 4to.
MANOR-HOUSE AND CHURCH AT GREAT CHALFIELD, WILTSHIRE. 45
the marriage ; and to the left, the Tropenell arms on another shield, as on the tomb in the Chantry at Corsham Church, represented in Plate VIII., Ecclesiastical Architecture : these bosses have been richly painted and gilt, as also the moulded tie-beams and cornice shewn at the bottom of the Plate, to the left, in section. The Masks concealed small openings into the dressing-closets ; one seems to represent a Ki^ig with asses' ears, the other a Bishop ; the eyes and mouths are pierced, so that a person might overlook the Hall without being seen ; the head at the top of the Plate is for a similar purpose, and overlooks the Music Gallery from the large bed-room.
Plate XX. Plaster Bosses of the Hall Ceiling. These bosses are shewn one-fourth full size, and are run in plaster with a dark core : they, together with the ribs which subdivided the squares of the Hall ceiling, formed by the tie-beams and the corresponding mouldings in the centre, were taken down a few years ago, as they threatened danger to the inmates, and were presented to the present venerable Bishop of Bath and Wells, of whose valuable collection in the Crypt at the Palace of Wells, they now form part ; they shew the motto introduced in various ways. At the bottom of the plate is one compartment of the ceiling, which is shewn as it is presumed to have existed with these bosses applied ; some represent oak leaves, some the taater lihj, and others bear the letters \\)t — Jesu hominibus crucifixo.
The Church.
Plate I. shews the West Elevation and the Longitudinal Section. The Stone Screen which at present divides the chancel from the body of the Church, is placed in its original situation, which is under the arch between the Chantry Chapel and the body of the Church. The arch in the chancel is modern, and being a segment of a circle, a block of stone has been left to hide the awkwardness of the arch mouldings cutting obliquely on the capitals. The levels of the floor have been raised at different times, but the original levels are here shewn. The walls of the body of the Church are certainly more ancient than the other portions, and must have been those of the original Chapel, which existed here as early as a.d. 1308. The West Window, the Porch, and the Bell-Turret, have been additions, about the time of Henry VH.
Plate H. gives a Ground-2)lan of the whole Church as it now exists, and
46 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES,
a Transverse Section through the Church and Chantry Chapel; which latter has a good ook-ribbed ceiling, ornamented with pateras and cnats of arms. In the centre of this ceihng, the Troi)enell Arms and the Ludlow Arms on one shield, evidently shew that the Chapel was an after-addition to the Church, by the same person who built the Manor-House. The other two shields bear the Tropenell Arms singly. That part of the Chancel which is immediately eastward of the body of the Church is rebuilt on old foundations ; but that part eastward of the Chapel was added by Robert Neale, Esq., as the tablet over the small door, with the initials R. N., and the date a.d. 1775, indicates. By this addition, the segmental arch in the south wall of the Chancel, and the elliptical one in the east wall of the Chapel, were made, which do not add at all to the beauty of the building; indeed, by the latter, the oak cornice of the Chapel has been injured. The walls of the Chapel were adorned with fresco paintings, which have been destroyed by whitewash : they seem to have been historical subjects from the Bible : the details are referred by letter.
Plate III. shews the Elevation, Section, and Profile of the Porch, which, though of late date, is of elegant design; the soffit is enriched by panels with tracery heads : the details are referred by letters,
Plate IV. gives, on one side, one-half the Elevation and one-half the Section ofthei?e// Turret and Crocketfed Spire ; plans of the same at three diflfcrent heights and details. The other side of the Plate shews the West Windozo and its details. Round the bell is the following inscription : — rp anno domini 1622, and the royal arms of England as at that time worn.
Plate V. shews the elegant Stone Screen which divided the Chapel built by Thomas Tropenell, Esq. from the body of the Church ; the part shewn in dotted lines is now destroyed, but is restored from portions of the small spandrils still left. This screen has been disencumbered of its coats of white- wash by the present Rector. It consists of a small door, 2 feet 6 inches wide, and two tiers of three panels on each side, the upper tier being open ; and is surmounted by a cornice enriched with the vine leaf, over which are five shields bearing the different arms of the family of Tropenell, which the next Plate will better explain ; at the bottom of the Plate are details ; to the left, the cornice in section ; to the right, a section of the sill and base, and plans of the the jamb and mullion.
CHURCH AT GREAT CHALFIELD AND TOMB IN CORSHAM CHURCH, WILTSHIRE. 47
Plate VI. Details of the Stone Screen. At the top of the Plate is the cornice towards the Chapel, and below it are details referred by letter to this and Plate V. In the centre are the five shields which shew the Tropenell Arms, and those of the families with which they intermarried. The centre. No. 3, bears the Tropenell Arms singly ; viz. Gules, a fesse engrailed and powdered with ermine between three griffins' heads erased, argent. No. 1 bears the Tro- j)e7ieU Arms on the dexter side, and the Percy Arms on the sinister, which are azure, five fusils in fesse or : this shews the marriage of Walter Tropenell with Catherine, daughter of Sir William, and sister of Sir Harry Percy, Knights, who owned Great Chalfield ; by which marriage, and the failure of male issue to the third Sir Harry Percy, the estate devolved on Thomas Tropenell. No. 2, on the dexter side, the Tropenell Arms as before, and on the sinister the Rous Arms, viz. Azure, three lions rampant ermine; this shews the marriage of Roger Tropenell, the grandson of Walter, with Christian, daugh- ter to Sir John] Rous, of Imber. No. 5, on the dexter side, the Tropenell Arms as before, and on the sinister side, the Roche Arms, viz. Azure, three roaches argent, within a bordure or, and shews the marriage of Harry Tro- penell, grandson to Roger, with Edeth, daughter to Walter Roche, younger brother to Sir John Roche, Knight, sons to John the Roche of Bromham. No. 4, the Tropenell Arms as before, on the dexter side, and the Ludlow Arms on the sinister side, which shews the marriage of Thomas Tropenell, son to Harry, with Agnes (not Margaret, as stated in the pedigree), fourth daughter of William Ludlow, of Hill Deverell, Wilts, by whom this screen and the Chapel which it enclosed was erected : he died in 1490, and was buried with his wife in the Chantry Chapel, at Corsham Church, under the magnificent altar-tomb shewn in Plate VIII. At the bottom of the Plate are the pateras in the quatrefoils at the top of the screen towards the Chapel, which are beautifully executed.
Plate VII. shews an Oak Seat and Desk in the present Chancel at large, with details, and a Stone Piscitia, now in the south wall of the modern Chancel, but which the author presumes has been removed from the body of the Church.
Tomb in Corsham Church, Wilts.
Plate VIII. shews the elegant Altar Tomb in the Chantry Chapel at Corsham Church, which formerly belonged to the family of Tropenell, and is
48 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
that of Tliomcts Tropenell, Esq. and Agnes his wife. On the cornice is a prayer for the safety of their souls, which runs thus: — 5, J), ,^, fiXVS i^njai'fmiS, fllUtlS MtU flll'UEJ Dab ill, fillUS ;;fHarine Wirgi'niS, SSalbtt nO£5. May Jesus, the Saviour of mankind, Christ of Nazareth, so?i of God, son of David, son of the Virgin Mary, save us. In the moulding under, between the pateras, the motto, Sf JOUgf tpra bflfintnt, is repeated on all sides [the representation of a yoke, forming the nominative case to the verb t|>ra, as at Great Chalfield] ; in the quatrefoils are shields, bearing, on the north side, the first to the left, the Ludlozo Arms ; the centre bears the Tropenell Arms in dexter, and the Ludloro Arms in sinister, on one shield ; the right bears the Tropenell Arms. The west end has two quatrefoils with shields ; the one to the left bears the Ludlow Arms ; the other, the Tropenell and Ludloxo Arms impaled ; the south side is similar to the north ; the shields at the east end bear, the one to the left, the Ludloxo Arms, the other, the Tropenell and Ludloxo Arms impaled. This tomb has been richly painted and gilt, and the arms have been emblazoned, but few traces can now be seen of its former splendour ; the ground of the quatrefoils has been of a rich blue, the letters, the motto, the cusps, and the pateras, have been gilt, but the black outlines only of the letters now remain, which makes them difficult to be deciphered.*
• On account of the stetches of tliis tomb having been rubbed, tlie arms, tliough in themselres correctly drawn, have been misplaced ; but the author having lately visited Corsham, is enabled to give the above correct description.
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
OF THE
illanor-#ou^e at <§outt) Slgaraxljall^
WILTSHIRE.
In consequence of the " Utle Maner at Wrexley," as Leland * calls it, having anciently formed part of the Manor of Bradford, which was among the many temporalities attached to the Abbey of Shaftesbury previous to the dissolution of religious houses in Great Britain by Henry VIII., the records concerning it are very few, and those which do exist throw but little light on the early history of what afterwards constituted the reputed Manor f of South Wraxhall.
The Manor of Bradford was granted to the Abbess and Convent of Shaftesbury by King Etheldred, ^ which was confirmed to them by Richard I- and Edward I. ; § and mention is made of Wraxhall in the Chartulary of the Abbey, Harl. MSS. 61, in which " Agnes de la Ferei," whose name occurs as abbess in 1252, 1257, and 1267, || "with consent of the convent, granted and" " confirmed to God and the blessed Mary Magdalene of Fernlegh,^ and to "
• Itinerary, Vol. II. fol. 30 (p. 25, Oion, 1711).
t As it did not form a distinct manor at the time of passing the famous statute known as " The third of Westminster," viz. " Quia emptores terrarum," 18th of Edw. I. a.d. 1290 ; it could only be recognised as what was termed " a reputed Tnanor" — Barrington on the Statutes^ 4to. Lond. 1775, p. 167.
* See the " Chartulary of the Abbey of Shaftesbury ." — Harl. MSS. 61, fol. 1.
§ On a plea, " de quo warranto," temp. Edw. 1., the Abbess of Shaftesbury contended that her right to the Manor of Bradford was derived from a grant by Richard I., and the jury determined that the title was undisputed. Placita de Quo Warranto. — Rot. 47d. and 30.
II Dugdale's " Monasticon," Vol. II. p. 473.
% Monklou Farlev, about a mile from South Wraxhall.
50 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MANOR-HOUSE
" the monks serving God at that place, the gift which ISlartinus, Capellanus " " de Wrekeshalle, made them ; viz. a messuage which the said Martinus held " " of them, in villa de Wrokeshale, with half a hide of land, pasture and" " appurtenances,"* for which they were to pay a certain rent. This may refer to a ])uilding, presumed to be St. Adwijne's, or St. Edzvyne's Chapel,'\ which still exists in a field adjoining the Manor-House : it possesses evident signs of great antiquity, and, from an immense chimney coeval with the building, which is of early English character, seems at one time to have afforded a rest for the weary pilgrim on his way to the shrine of Joseph of Arimathea, similar to that of Chapel Plaister. %
Wraxhall is next mentioned in the twenty-fifth year of the reign of Edward III., when the Abbess and Convent of Shaftesbury "manumitted" " Thomas Scathelok their v'tUahi of the Manor of Bradford, and granted to " " him, and Editha his wife, daughter of Roger le Porter, one messuage, and " " two virgates, and nine acres of land, and four acres of meadow, with " " appurtenances in Lyghe and Wrokeshale, within the Manor of Bradford, and " " common pasture for their cattle upon 116^ acres of land in the said villes" " within the aforesaid manor, and upon 100 acres of pasture within the town-" " ship of Lyghe." §
It came into the possession of the family of Longe, or Le Long, prior to the reign of Henry VI., but by what means is not recorded; and, in consequence of it having been church land, it is difficult, at this remote period, to ascertain. Leland says, in his Itinerary, —
• Harl. USS. 61, fol. 92.
t " The Rectory, or Cbapel in South Wiaxall, called St. Adwynes, alias St. Edwynes, alias St. Jewens, was" " purchased by John Long, sometimes of Ilaugh, and afterwards of IMounckton, Co. Wilts, Esq., of Henry Tliynne and " " Edward Pille, by indenture, S20th Nov. 1629, which he afterwards devised by will, dat. 15th Jan. 1652, pr. 13th" " May, 1654, to his son, John Long." — See " Bellz's MS. Genealogical Collections relative to the Family of Long," in the possession of Walter Long, Esq. of Rood Ashton, M.P., p. 18.
In tlie valuation taken, temj). Henry VIII., of the temporalities belonging to the Priory at Monkton Farley, is the following, which relates to South Wraxhall, viz. —
" Wraxhall-cum-Box — Redd' assis' in Wraxhall . . 0 3 0"
"Wraxhall — Redd' custum' teneu' 1 3 0"
Dugdale^s " Monasticoji" Vol. \^. p. 32. i See on account of Chapel Plaister, witli a plate, in the Gentleman's Magazine for Feb. 1835, p. 143. " In those Times (besides the Jollities already mentioned), they had their Pilgrimages to Walsiiigbam, Canterbnry, '* " &c. to several Shrines, as chiefly hereabouts, to St. Joseph's of Arimathea, at his Chapel in Glastonbury Abbey. In " " the roads thither were several Houses of Entertainment, built purposely for them ; among others, was the House " " called The Chapel of Playster, jiear Boi, and a great House called . . . . , without Lafford's Gate, near Bristol." — Aubrey's " Miscetlatiies." P. 34 of an introduction to a History of the Northern Division of Wilts. LonJ. 1714, J Escaet. de anno vicesimo quinto Edwardi III. — 53, 2nd Nos. in Turri Lond.
AT SOUTH WRAXHALL, WILTSHIRE. 51
" " Mr. Long* hath a litle Maner about a mile from Munlieton-Farleij at Wrexley."
" The Original setting up of the House of the Lovges cam, as I lernid of Mr. " " Sonehmn, by this meanes :"
" One Long Thomas, a stoute felaw, was sette up by one of the old Lordes Hungre- " " fordes. And after by cause this Thomas was cauUid Long Thomas, Long after was " " usurpid for the Name of the Family."
" This Long Thomas Master had sum Lande by Hungrefordes procuration."
" Then succedid hym Robert and Henry."
" Then cam one Thomas Long descending of '' Younger Brother, and could skille of" " the Law, and had the Inheritances of the aforesaid Longes. Syr Henry and Sir" " Richard Long were Sunnes to this Thomas."f
And Camden gives a similar tradition, in accounting for the origin of surnames, confirmatory of Leland's hearsay, in the following words: — " In respect of" " stature, I could recite to you other examples, but I will onely adde this " " which I have read, that a young Gentleman of the house of Preux, being of" " tall stature, attending on the Lord Hitngerford, Lord Treasurer of England" " was among his fellows called Long H., who afterwards preferred to a good " " marriage by his Lord, was called H. Long, that name continued to his " " posteritie. Knights and men of great worship." J
There seems little doubt but that credit is to be given to these statements, more especially as Camden, who does not quote Leland, but must have read it in some other author, gives the original surname of the long person, and mentions that a good marriage was the means by which the Lord Hungerford set him up. They disagree, certainly, as to the Christian ?iame, in which, most probably, Camden is right, for his authority being so minute in the other details, was not likely to be incorrect in such an essential.
The first recorded possessor of Sotith Wraxhall was Robert Longe, who was in the commission of the peace in 1426, and M.P. for Wilts in 1433. He is stated to have married Alice, daughter of Reginald Popham, of North Bradley, Wilts, by whom he had issue three sons, Henry, John, and Reginald. In the 2oth year of the reign of Henry VI. a.d. 1447, Henry was found to be his
" Sir Henry s»pr. lin. scribitur in Autogr. ^ A younger B.
• Sir Henry Long, in another place, " Thus rydyng I lefte Avon streame, aboute a 2 Bliles on the lifte Hand. I " " markid 2 Places between Mulmesbjiri and Chippenham notable. Draicote wher &ii Henrye Long hath a fair Manor" " Place, and a Park about a Mile from Avon Streame. Draicot is a 5 Miles from Malmesbyri, and a 2 Miles from " " Chippenham." — Jlin. Vol. II. fol. 28 (p. 23, Oxon. 1711).
t Ibid. Vol. II. fol. 30 (p. 24, Oxon. 1711). X Camden's '• Remaines," by J. PLilipot, p. 142.
52 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MANOR-HOUSE
heir, and to be upwards of thirty years of age, while Thomas Wayte was found to be the heir o{ Margaret, his wife, and to be upwards of twenty-four years of age ; so tliat he must have married, for a second wife, this Margaret, who was rehct of Edward Wayte, of Draycot Cerne, and daughter of Philip Popham, of Berton Sacy, in Hampshire ;* which may account for two coats of the arms of Popham having been in the Manor-House, one without, and the other with a crescent, the sign of cadence. The style of the Hall, which is the most ancient portion of the " Longe Howse," would lead one to imagine that this Robert was the projector, but no record can be found to assure us of the exact time in which it was built ; and the armorial bearings, in many in- stances our best evidence, are of little assistance in this inquiry, as they were clearly put up at a later period. They consist of shields sculptured on the brackets supporting the arched timbers of the hall-roof, which, from their style, cannot be anterior to the reign of Henry VH. or VHI.f The roof itself, which is richly ornamented with quatrefoils between the principal rafters, seems coeval with the exterior. J
A visit to these abodes of " the old English gentlemen " cannot but impress the contemplative mind with reverential awe, and a desire to investigate the manners and customs of the times in which they were reared. They for the most part assimilate in their general arrangements, wliich, even in Aubrey's time, were kept up in the north : he says—" In Scotland, still the Architecture of a Lord's " " House is thus, viz. a great open Hall, a Kitchen and Buttery, a Parlour, over" " which a Chamber for my Lord and Lady ; all the rest lye in common, viz. the " " Men-servants in the Hall, the Women in a common Room." Then it was that "the lords of manours kept good houses in their countries, did eat in their" " great Gothick halls at the high table, or onele,§ the folk at the side tables;" when " the Halls of Justices of the Peace were dreadful to behold, the Skreens " " garnished with Corslets and Helmets, gaping with open Mouth, with Coats " " of Mail, Lances, Pikes, Halbcrts, brown Bills, Batterdashers, Bucklers, and" " the modern Colivers and Petronels (in King Charles the Ist's Time) turned"
• Esc. 25 Hen. VI. No. 16. t See PI. XV. } See PI. X. and XIV.
$ " Oriele," he says, " is an Ear, but here it means a little Room at the upper End of the Hall, where stands a" "Square or round Table, perhaps in the old Time was an Oratory; in every old C'tliic II.iU is one, viz. at Dracot," " Lekhinn, Alclerlon, &c. The Meat was served up by \Valch-]Vmds. Jacks are but an Invention oftlie other Age ;" " the poor lioys did turn the Spits, and lick'' the Dripping.Pan and grew to be lusty Knaves. Here in the Hall were" " the Mummings, Cob-leaf-stealing, and great number of Chrmnms Plays performed."
AT SOUTH WRAXHALL, WILTSHIRE. 53
" into Muskets and Pistols. Upon any Occasion of Justing or Tournaments in" " those Days, one of these great Lords sounded his Trumpets (the Lords kept" " Trumpeters, even to King James), and summoned those that held under them." " Those again sounded their Trumpets, and so down to the Copyholders," or villains. " No younger Brothers then were, by the Custom and Constitution " " of the Realm, to betake themselves to Trades, but were Churchmen, or Re- " " tainers, and Servants to great Men, rid good Horses (now and then took a " " Purse), and their Blood, that was bred at the good Tables of their IVIasters, " " was, upon every Occasion, freely let out in their Quarrels ; it was then too " " common among their Masters to have Feuds with one another, and their" " Servants, at Market, or when they met (in that slashing Age), did commonly " " bang one another's Bucklers. Then an Esquire, when he rode to town," " was attended by eight or ten INIen iti blue Coats, with Badges. The Lords" " (then Lords in Deed as well as Title) lived in their Countries like petty" " Kings, had Jura Regalia belonging to their Seigniories, had their Castles" " and Boroughs, and sent Burgesses to the Lozver House ; had Gallows within" " their Liberties, where they could try, condemn, draw and hang ; never went "' " to London but in Parliament-Time, or once a Year to do their Homage and " " Duty to tlie King. Every baron and gentleman of estate kept great horses " " for a man at arms. Lords had their Armouries, to furnish some hundreds " "of Men."
The next possessor of Wraxhall was Henry Longe, Esq., mentioned above as the eldest son and heir; he was Sheriff for Wilts in 1457, 1476, and 1483.f We find him named in the will of Margaret Lady Hungerford, as feoffee, together with Thomas Tropenell, J in 1476: he married, first, Johanne, daughter of J. Ernleigh ; secondly, Margaret, daughter of John Newburgh of Lulworth, in Dorsetshire ; and, thirdly, another Johanne, who survived him ; but by neither had he any issue. The two former are mentioned in his will as " nuper uxores mei," wliich bears date at Wroxhall, 1st May, a.d. 1490; he " commends his soul to God the Father Almiglity, the blessed Virgin Mary," " and all Saints," and requests that his body be buried in the Church of
* Aubrey's " Miscellanies." Pp. 28, 29, and 30, of an Introduction to a History of the Northern Division of Wilis.
t In Had. MSS. 433, p. 35. " Henry Long, late Shireff of the Countie of Wiltess,'' is said to have received a pardon from Richard III. a.d. 1485 ; also, " Thomas Tropenell, of Chuldefeld, in the Countie of Wilts, Esquirre, hath " " a generall pardonne."
• { Ihomas Tropenell was also Feoffee to Robert Lord Hungerford, a.d. 1487. — See "Historical Account of Gt. Chalfield." Part II. Eiamjiles of Gothic Architecture. " Third Series," p. 7.
54
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MANOR-HOUSE.
Wroxliall, coram altd cnice T and, among many other bequests, in jnos tisus, he leaves " to the parochial Church of Wroxliall xxs. for vestments."*
The maiden surname of his widow is not known, but, from a monument still existing in the Lougs Chapel at Wraxhall Church, which bears the arms of Long impaling Berkeley quarterly with Seijmour (to the memory of a widow, as the crimping of the cap sufficiently testifies), who must have been a Berkeley by an heiress of Seymour, it may be safely presumed that this monument, with which the chapel is coeval, was erected by
Sir Thomas Longe, Knight (who inherited the estates of his uncle), to the memory of his aunt ; and that she was a daughter of Thomas Berkeley by Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Seymer,f this being the only match on record the dates of which will warrant the marriage with a Long. This monument, of which a woodcut is subjoined, is of late date, as may be seen by the style of mouldings, the sculpture of the figures, and the form of the shields. J The figure is partly restored, as shewn by the dotted lines.
i..i. ,1 ,
" See his will, at length, in Appendix, No, HI. t Le Neve's Baronets, Vol. I. Coll. Arms.
} This monument, and the chapel which was built for it, is thus noticed by Aubrey, in his MSS. under " S. Wraxall." " In the Church here in Long's Chapelle an old altar monument of freestone on w'*" lies a figure" '• with a robe, but so cov*** with a deske not well to be discerned. I guess it to be of a woman. In the limbe are the " " Marshall's locks as in the margin : in the middle of y" N. side is an Angel holding y' Scutcheon in the margin,"
AT SOUTH WRAXHALL, WILTSHIRE. 55
Sir Thomas was son and heir of John Longe (second son to Robert), who married Margaret, sister and coheiress of Thomas Wayte, of the Temple and of Draycot, and younger daughter of Edward Wayte by Margaret Popham, who, as is stated above, in her widowhood married Robert Longe. By this intermarriage, the manor of Draycot* was acquired "injure uxoris," which was held, as Aubrey tells us, " by peiit serjeant'ic, viz. by being " " marshall at the king's coronation, which was the reason the Cernes, who " " held it prior to the Waytes, gave the maishall's lock for their cognizance."f This marshall's lock was most probably adopted as a badge by Sir Thomas Longe, and on the monument in question it is profusely scattered ; which circumstance may be deduced as another reason for attributing it and the chapel to his piety. He was sheriff in 1501, and executor to Richard Lord St. Amand in 1508; he married Margery, daughter of Sir George Darell of Littlecote, Wilts. Sir Thomas was among the " gi'Cate tOmpaiCjny Of llOblf " ** incniU" who went, with Edward Duke of Buckingham, in 1496, to meet the King (Henry VH.) at Taunton, then in pursuit of Perkin Warbeck.;]; This circumstance, it is conjectured, was recorded by the painted glass which, in Aubrey's time, adorned the tracery-headed windows of the manor-house ; not
'* supported with two lyons passant guardant, w^'' seeme to have been crowned or beaumed, and have a neckcloth w^'' is " '* inveckted as low as his shoulders ; the one hath on bis shoulder the (Shield) of the ( Wings conjoined) ; the other " " tbe (Siiield) of Long. The South side was as the North, but now almost defaced. The Windows are all defaced of" " this Chapell, as also of the Church ; in the E. Window of the Chancel is only sign of a Scutizon."
" In the Cbapell,"
" In f" Here lieth the body of Cap'. John Long, Esqf. son of John Long, Esq. Justice of tlie Peace and Quo- "
Freestone. \_" rum, who departed this life in tbe City of Westminster, the 23 of Febr. 1652. A marble blank."
" In freestone, here lieth tbe body of Will. Long, Esq. who dyed 1 1 Sept. 1664."
" Here lieth Walter Long, of South Wraxhall, Gent, son of John Long, Esq'', and Justice of Peace and Quor. " " who died at East Brent, in Somerset, 1 1 Oct. 1669. Here lieth also the body of Barbara, his wife, who died 14 Oct. " " 1669. Here lieth the body of William Awbrey, late of Chaddenew, in the parish of Meer, in y' County of Wilts, " " Esq. who dyed 8 Jan. 1664. Are y^ RSS. of 1649 not in y= Cpelle. In the Chapell are two handsome niches" " and holy water-potte."
" Over a late dure, w'*" opens into Long's Chapelle, R. Ad. Diii 1566. L. (between tbe Marshall's lock and tbe Stag's-head.)
• " Dant quod villa do Draycot fuit de serjantia domini Regis, et Johannes de Venoys tenuit earn et similiter alias " " terras per serviciam invenieudi in hospicio domini Regis terciam Virgam Marescalcie, et idem Johannes dedit terram " " illam Magistro Henrico de Cerne per cartam suam ; quod donum duniinus Rex nunc confirmavit per cartam suam, et" " Philippus de Cerne heres ejusdem modo earn tenet.'' — Rotuli Hundredorum, Vol. II. p. 235. Temp. Henry III.
t Aubrey's " Collections for Wills," Part II. p. 63. Printed by J. Davy, Queen Street, Seven Dials. London, 1821.
X His companions from Wiltshire were, Morisk Berkeley, William Storton, John Semer, Richard Beauchamp, Roger Tokete, Eduiarde Darell, Amis Paulet, and William Sainiemaur, — The Curoniclf. of John Hardyno, by Richard Grafton, {o\. &6, of tlie Continuation in prose. Lond. 1543,
56 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MANOR-HOUSE
a vestige of this elegant accompaniment of Gothic architecture now remains, save only a small portion in a window over the porch, which induced the author to visit the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, where he transcribed Aubrey's notes, and took memoranda of the coats-of-arms (in the original, all drawn and emblazoned) : they will be found in the Appendix. Sir Thomas Longe was knighted at the marriage of Prince Arthur ; and his arms, as entered in Claud. C. III., are Long and Seymour quarterly.* He, the author presumes, put up the brackets of the hall-roof shewn in Plate XV., as the fetterlock appears on one of them ; and probably added the Entrance- Gateway, as, on one of the terminations to the label over the arch (which is very flat, four- centred -pointed of late date) is the same fetterlock; on the other was a stag's head, now destroyed, but which was perfect when Aubrey wrote.f
There is a great similarity in the plan and elevation of the hall and offices to Great Chalfield (distant only three miles) : so much so, that one would almost imagine South Wraxhall, which is certainly the older of the two, served as a model for that magnificent fabric, although the dimensions of the two are very different ; that at Chalfield being much larger. J
" Sir Thomas Long, Knight, lyes buried by the north wall of the chancell," " under a rich Gothique alter monument of freestone without inscription, his" " heaume and crest do yet hang up."§
The next possessor was Sir Henry Longe, Knight, son of Sir Thomas, who was sheriff for Wilts in 1512, 1526, 1537, 1512 ; for Somerset, in 1538 ; for
• Margery, his wife, was daughter of Sir George Darell, by Margaret Seymour, " MS. Pedigrees of Long," by Beltz, in the possession of Walter Long, Esq. W.P.
t He died in 1700, at Oxford, on bis way to Draycot.
t See Part II. Examplfs of Gothic AncmrECTunE, Third Seiiies. Compare PI. III. Great Chalfield, with PI. II._III. South Wraxhall.
§ ColUclions for Wilts, Part II. p. 62. " The coates of annes on this monument are as foUoweth : — West End : " " I. S'. John quartering Delamare. G. 2 lions pass. gard. O. South Side : II. Long. S. crusuly off crosslets and a li. r A." " III. Barkley impaling .... per pale O. and az. a cross-moline counterchanged. IV. Long impaling Dayrell " " Az. li. r. A. crowned O. East End : V. Seymour. G. two wings inverted O. About the cornice of the monument," " thus : — West End : VI. O. on a chief G. 2 stags' heads cabossed 0. VIL Cerne. Az. a horse's head coup. O. VIII." " Sturton. S. a bend O bt. 6 fountains. IX. The Marshall's fett lock, or hand bolt. X. O. on a chief G. a bezant" " between 2 stags' heads cabossed O. XL Long imp. a chevron quartering Seymour. A cross crosslet. XII. Sturton,"
" as before. XIII. Sturton between two cross crosslets. XIV. Seymour, as before. XV On a chevron"
" 3 bezants. XVL A. on a chief G. a bezant between 2 wings O. XVII. A. li. r. S. collared O."
" langued and armed G. XVIIL Az. a bend engrail colized O. XIX. Idem cum X VIL XX. Long imp. quarterly "
" Q- Ceme's coate, and if Wayte did not marry the daughter and heir of Cerne ?" This monument
is engraved in the Gentleman's Magazine for June 183S, and an amended description is given of it by C. E. Long, Esq. who visited it.
AT SOUTH WRAXHALL, WILTSHIRE. 57
Dorset in 1539; and M.P. for Wilts, 1552, 53.* He married, first, Frideswide, daughter of Sir John Hungerford, of Down Ampney, great-grandson of tlie Lord Treasurer ; and, secondly, Eleanor, daughter of Richard Wrottesley, of Wrottesley, in Staffordshire, relict of Edmund Leversedge, of Frome Selwood, Somersetshire. Sir Henry was present at the siege of Boulogne, accompanied Henrv VHI. to the Field of the Cloth of Gold, and was knighted for making a gallant charge at Therouenne, in Picardy, in the sight of Henry, when a new crest, consisting of a lion's head, zcif/i a mtrn's hand in its mouth, was granted to him : his banner bears the motto, — " Fortune soies heureux" neither of which is to be found in the manor-house, so that, with greater safety, we may attribute the pure Gothic portion of the building to an earlier period than during his possession; since it may be fairly presumed that a crest, so nobly obtained, would have inspired vanity sufficient to " cause it to be graven in stone " on any building he may have projected. A fireplace there is indeed, but of bad detail, in the bedroom, over what is presumed to have been the ancient parleure, and ascended by a staircase from it, which, in one spandril, bears the initials ^« 1^. 2-. for Sir Henry Long, and in the other, ^. <Q, linked together by a Gordian knot, for Henry and Eleanor, his second wife. By the first marriage he had no male issue to survive him ; but by the second, six sons and three daughters. The eldest son.
Sir Robert Longe, Knight, inherited Wraxhall and Draycot ; he was sheriff for Wilts in 1575, served at the siege of Boulogne, and was esquire of the body to King Henry VHI. He married Barbara, daughter of Sir Edward Carne, of Wenny, Glamorganshire, by whom he had issue, four sons and one daughter. Sir Robert, who probably was the first Protestant member of this family, enclosed the Long's Chapel, in South Wraxhall Church, by building up a doorway to the left of the monument mentioned above, and a solid wall to the right, for the convenience, no doubt, of a family pew, by which the east and west ends were destroyed (on the east end is still to be seen one- half of an angel, with expanded wings). In after times the work of desecration was completed, for the south side was sadly mutilated before Aubrey saw it, which, he says, " was as the north, but nowe almost defaced." The sculpture seems to have been, since then, wilfully chipped off", to allow of its being more
• The following occurs in " Valor Ecclesiasticus " (26 Hen. VIII. a.d. 1533) under Priory of Farkigh ;—
Feed' " Henrici Loxg milit' sea" capit'lis dci priorat' per annu'^2."
I
£8 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MANOR-HOUSE
conveniently boarded up, for nothing is now discernible save the rude strokes of an untutored chisel. Over the outer door of this chapel are Sir Robert Long's initials; viz. R. An. Dni. 1566. L. between the marshal's fetterlock and the stag's head ; which evidently shews a wish on his part to be considered as the founder, for the stone on which these cognizances are sculptured has been inserted, while the jambs of the doorway are original. The same initials are also on the doorway leading from the church to the chapel. His eldest son. Sir Walter Longe,* Knight, next succeeded, who was M.P. for Wilts in 1592, and Sheriff in 1601. He married, first, Mary, daughter of Sir William Packington, of Westwood, in Worcestershire, Knight, by whom he had two sons and one daughter ; and, secondly, Catharine, daughter of Sir John Thynne, of Longleat, Knight, by whom he had six sons and six daughters. To him we are indebted for the chimney-piece in the hall, which bears the date of An. Dhi. 1598, and the arms o? Long impaling Came — his father's coat ; see Plate XIV. He also made many additions to the Manor-House itself; the left wing containing, as at Chalfield, the guest-chamber, was pulled down, and a stately withdrawing- room built, ornamented by a richly carved chimney-piece, and a ribbed plaster ceiling. In giving additional width to this room, it was found expedient to preserve the old roof (which still exists, as shewn in Plate XVI.), and for the support of the wall-plate to leave a pier about midway between the two end walls, thereby occasioning a curious angular projection inside the room, opposite the fireplace, ornamented with niches and dwarf columns. A view of this room is given in Plate XVII., for which the author is indebted to Walter Long, Esq. M.P. the present proprietor: it did not form part of the plan of this work; but as the Gothic and the later styles (of which there are many good examples hei'e) are so completely blended, it was deemed a pity, by those who have kindly taken an interest in the present publication, to leave this " noble room" as Aubrey calls it, untouched. The alteration seems, from the style of the fire-
• " Sir Walt. Long, of Draycot (gr. father to tliis S'' James Long), married a daughter of Sir Jo. Thynne, by " " which meanes, and their consimility of disposition, there was a very conjunct friendship between the two brotliers " " (Raleighs) and him ; and old John Long, who then waited on S' W. Long, being one time in the Privy-Garden with " " his master, saw the Earle of Nottingham wipe the dust from Sir Walter R.'s (Raleigh's) shoes with his cloake in "
"compliment He (.Sir W. Raleigh) was the first that brought tobacco into England, and into "
" fashion. In our ])art of North Wilts, — e.g. Malmesbury hundred, — it came first into fashion by S' Walter Long. " " They had, first, silver pipes. The ordinary sort made use of a walnul.sbell and a strawe. I have heard my gr. " " father Lyte say, that one pipe was handed from man to man round the table."-^AuBREv's Letters and Lices of Embient Men. 8vo. London, 1813. Vol. II. pp. 511, 512.
AT SOUTH WUAXHALL, WILTSHIRE. 59
place, which is much purer in detail than is usually met with, to have been made in the early part of the reign of James I. The details of the windows certainly come under the denomination of Elizabethan, as also the exterior composition of the gables ; but as the niches before mentioned are proved to be coeval with the first alteration, and are of the same style as the fireplace, it may be safely attributed to that era, and only shews how gradually one fashion gave place to another. To the rear of this room, and ascended by a short flight of steps from it, is a bedroom, with a fireplace of the same style, bearing, in panels, the following inscriptions: — Faher est quisq. fortune sue, on one side ; on the other, Aequa laus est a laudatis laudarl, et ah imjirobo improbari ; and in the centre, on a bracket, where sits a monkey. Mors rap'it omnia. These steps also lead into a small closet over the north-east bay, but all communication with that over the north-west bay was cut off by the altera- tions : the door, however, remains some feet above the present floor of tlie drawing-room, behind the stone-work of the great fireplace ; it is visible inside the closet, as shewn in Plate XIV. No. 3.
" The second wife," says Aubrey, " did use much artifice to render the Son " " by the first Wife (who had not much Promethean Fire) odious to his Father. " " She would get her acquaintance to make him Drunk, and then expose him " " in that condition to his Father; in fine, she never left off" her Attempts till " " she had got Sir Walter to disinherit him. She laid the scene for doing this " " at Bath, at the Assizes, where was her brother Sir Egrhnond Tlujnne, an " " eminent Sergeant at Law, who drew the writing; and his Clerk was to sit up" " all night to engross it. As he was Writing, he perceived a Shadow from the " " Candle ; he look'd up, and there appeared a Hand, which immediately " "vanished; he was startled at it, but thought it might be only his fancy," " being Sleepy ; so he Writ on ; by and by, a fine white Hand interposed " " between the Writing and the Candle (he could discern it was a Woman's " " Hand), but vanish'd as before. I have forgot, it appeared a third Time." " But with that the Clerk threw down his Pen, and would engross no more, " " but goes and tells his Master of it, and absolutely Refused to do it. But " " it was done by somebody, and Sir Walter Long was prevailed with to Seal " " and Sign it. He lived not long after ; and his body did not go quiet to the " " Grave, it being Arrested at the Church Porch by the Trustees of the first Lady. " " The Heir's Relations took his Part, and Commenced a suit against Sir Walter " " (the second Son), and compel'd him to accept of a IMoiety of the Estate : so " "the eldest Son kept Soiith Wraxhall ; and Sir Walter, the second Son,"
60 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MANOR-HOUSE
" Draijcot-C ernes, &c. This was about the Middle of the Reigu oS. James the" "First."*
John Long, Esq. the eldest son, who was thus persecuted by his step- mother, married Anne,f daughter of Sir William Eyre, of Great Chalfield, by whom he had four sons and one daughter : the eldest,
John Long, Esq. inherited, who married twice : by the first wife he had a daughter ; and by the second, who was Catherine, daughter of John Paynter, he had a son, Hope, and three daughters.
Hope Long, Esq. married, first, Mary, daughter of John Long, Esq. of Monkton, by whom he had a son, John, who died before his father, and one daughter ; secondly, Grace, relict of Blanchard, Esq. of Preston, Somer- setshire, by whom he had no issue. He died in 1715, when the estate passed to his uncle,
Waltkr Long, Esq. of Bristol, whose son,
Walter, died in 1731, agt. 84, unmarried, and bequeathed his estates to the sons of his cousin, Catherine, wife of John Long, of Monkton ; her elder son,
John, who was fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and rector of Meseyhampton, in Gloucestershire, died in 1748, unmarried, when the estate went to his brother,
Thomas Long, Esq. of Melksham, who had married Mary, daughter of Abbot, Esq. of Chippenham. Next succeeded his son,
WXlter Long, Esq. of Wraxhall and Whaddon (well known as Mr. Walter Long, of Bath), who died, unmarried, in 1807, £et. 95, and bequeathed his estates at Wraxhall, Whaddon, &c. to trustees, remainder to
Walter Long, Esq. son and heir of Richard Godolphin Long, Esq. of Rood Ashton, who is the present proprietor, and who, the author rejoices to be able to add, intends to preserve this venerable fabric from further decay. Mr. Long is maternally descended from the original proprietors of South Wraxhall, as may be seen by a reference to the pedigree. Appendix No. L He
• Aubrey's " Miscellanies," pp. 75, 76. 8to. Lond. 1721. The following extract more fully illustrates the disposition and charecter of this lady: — " Sir Walter Long's (of Dmycot in Wilts) Widow did make a solemn promise to him"
" on his Death-bed, that .she would not mairy after his Decease. But not long after, one Sir Fox, a very"
" beautiful young Gentleman, did win her Love ; so that, notwithstanding her promise aforesaid, she married him : " " She married at South Wraihall, where the picture of Sir Walter hung over the Parlour Door, as it doth now at "
" Draycot. As Sir Fox led his Bride by the Hand from the Church (which is near the House) into the Parlour,"
" the string of the Picture broke, and the Picture fell on her Shoulder, and crack'd in the fall: (it was Painted on" Wood, as the Fashion was in those Days ;) this made her Ladyship reflect ou her promise, and drew some Tears from " " her Eyes." — Ibid. pp. 43, 4'1.
t See p. 30.
SOUTH WRAXHALL, WILTSHIRE. 61
is a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant, and M.P. for the Northern Division of the County of Wilts. He married, 3d August, 1819, Mary Anne, second daughter of the Right Hon. Archibald Colquhoun, of Killermont, in the county of Dumbarton, Lord Registrar of Scotland, and has issue three sons, Walter, Richard Penruddock, and Henry William ; and three daughters, Mary Anne, Catherine Flora Henrietta, and Jane Agnes.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
Plate I. Perspective View.
This is a Perspective View, from the south-west ; on the right is the Entrance- Gateway, which was, at one time, flanked by buildings;* the Hall and With- draxeing-Roovi occupy the centre and front the west, looking into the Court ; on the left is a long line of offices and bed-rooms, at the further end of which is a good example of a corbelled chimney-shaft. The wall which encloses the court is shewn broken down, so as not to intercept the view. In this wall, and exactly opposite the porch of the hall, is an old doorway, which formerly led into the Plaisannce ; see
Plate H. — HI. The Ground-Plan.
At the bottom of the plate is the Entrance-Gateway, flanked on the right by a room, added temp. Elizabeth, and formerly on the right by buildings supposed to have been stables. This Gateway originally extended only to the depth of fourteen feet, as will be shewn hereafter ; it leads into the Court ; on entering which, to the right, is the Porch of the Hall ; a Screen, in the style of James I., divides off a passage, which leads, by a covered way, into another Court ; under
• In the " Gentleman s Magazine" for March 18S8» p. 2/>6, a woodcut is given, shearing these buildings, which seem to hare been stables, but of later date than the gatehouse.
62 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
this covered way is the door of the Kitchen ; to the east of which another Kitchen was added temp. Ehzabeth or James I., shewn in a lighter tint. The Parlour via,s entered from the passage-end of the Hall ; it has been subdivided by modern partitions ; a staircase leads out of this up to the Host's Chamher (see Plates IV. and V). At the upper end of the Hall are two Bays ; that to the left leads into what was the Bntteri/, now a beer-cellar; and that to the right by a Staircase up to the ancient Guest Chamber, which was enlarged and con- verted into a withdrawing-room :* at the foot of the staircase, to the right, is a Dining-room. \ A long line oi offices occupies the upper end of this court, wiiich has been added to at various dates. The oldest portion is shewn by the darkest tint ; it seems coeval with the hall, and originally stood detached : a kind of conservator]) was added to the east, and a communication formed with the other buildings, as the quoin still visible at a, and a window and door at h b, now stopped up, prove; a loop-hole at c, and old quoins at dddd, shew that the west wall was originally an exterior one. Various details are shewn, referred by letter to the plan.
Plate IV. — V. The First-Floor Plan.
In both plans the dark tint shews the ancient portions, the lighter tint the alterations and additions, and the light tint within dotted lines shews the situation of the original walls, which were taken down. The principal alteration from the original design was effected about the latter part of the reign of Elizabeth, or the beginning of that of James I., by removing the ancient Guest Chamher, marked a a a a, and substituting a larger and wider room, richly fitted up as a Withdraxving-Room, which is shewn in Plate XVII. ; but the old roof, given in Plate XVI., was retained, and for the support of the wall-plate, a pier was left opposite the fireplace, thereby occasioning a curious angular projection inside the room, ornamented by niches, which seem to have served as seats. There are two immense windows at opposite corners of this room, one looking over the court into the plaisaunce, the other into the garden ; whicli latter is approached by a door on the landing of the stairs, from the hall. The details are referred by letter.
• Aubrey calls this " The dining-room, which is a very noble one ;" but the groat distance of ihe kitchen from this room, induces the author to think that it was originally intended as a drawing-room.
■\ This Aubrey calls the Parlour; but in otlier buildings of the same kind the parlour is invariably on the right, as shewn on the plate, near the kitchen, &c.
MANOR-HOUSE, SOUTH WRAXHALL, WILTSHIRE. 63
The Entrance Gateway.
Plate VI. Plan and Elevation. This seems to have been built in the early part of the I'eign of Henry VIII., subsequent to the acquisition of the Manor of Draycot Cerne by Sir Thomas Long, as the badge borne by the possessors of that Manor, the Marshal's lock or Fetter-lock, is still remaining on one of the terminations of the label — viz. that to the left ; on the other was a stags head, as we are told by Aubrey, and not as shewn in the Plate. On the corbelling of the oriel window is a shield, bearing the arms of Long. The angle buttresses are peculiar, and very pleasing in effect. On entering the archway, to the right is a Staircase leading up to the room above ; further on is a doorway, which formerly was a foot entrance into the court, corresponding with the one on the left, which entered from the road. This gateway has been added to, as the original roof extends only to the length of fourteen feet, while it now measures upwards of thirty feet ; on the apex of the gable has been a finial.
Plate VII. Longitudinal Section and First-Floor Plan. The original roof is here shewn : on the plan, the darker tint shews the extent of the old walls, enclosing the Porter's DxvelUng.
Plate VIII. Elevation and Section of the Oriel Windozv. Above the battle- ments has originally been a roofing of water-tables, finished, probably, by some ornament or armorial bearing, as at Chalfield and other places ; it is, at present, quite flat, as the dark tint shews. This window is provided with a stone seat and elbows, and was originally full of painted glass. The details are shewn in
Plate IX. On the left are Plans at three different heights ; in the centre of the Plate is the shield at large, bearing a lion rampant on a field seme of cross crosslets, the original arms of Long ; also the angle-jambs and mulUons, and the termination of the label over the archway, on which is carved the marshaVs-lock ; to the right is a section of the cornice, the corbel-mouldings, and the arch-mouldings below, together with an exterior and interior elevation of one of the lights, and a section of the basement moulding : all at large.
64 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
The Banqueting Hall, &c.
Plate X. shews the elevation of the Hall to the' right, and that of the Drazt'ing-Room to the left. The Hall, in its masses, resembles that at Great Chalfield, and is entered, mider an open archway, by a Porch; on the other side is a Bay, and the Chimney-Shaft occupies precisely the same situation as at Chalfield ; it has been rebuilt, so that the capping is not original. The Drawing-room window is remarkable for its immense size ; it was added about the time of James I. The mouldings are given in Plate IV. — V. ; it extended only as far as the quoin shewn to the left of this window. At the bottom of the Plate are two of the Gap-mouths referred by numbers ; the others are shewn in Plate XVI. On the left is a Chimney -Shaft, belonging to the old portion of the offices, which is seen in the Perspective View, Plate I. : it is supported on a buttress and corbels.
Plate XI. shews the Porch to a larger scale, and a section through the same ; in the quatrefoil of the window is the only portion of painted glass now left. The rafters of this roof are cut in one piece, like ship timbers. The Water-Tables of the Buttresses, the Label, and the Jamb-Mouldings, are given at large.
Plate XII. gives the Exterior and Interior Elevations of the Windoto of the Bay, shewn in Plate X., with a section and details of the same. The MuUions are plain in their mouldings, but this window is very neatly finished inside, by a column supporting a four-centred arch.
Plate XIII. gives an Elevation of one of the Windows of the Hall, interior and exterior, with a Section ; these, like those of the bays, are finished inside by a column, supporting a four-centred arch, while, on the outside, their arches are two-centred. They are extremely elegant, and, though plain in their mould- ings, are chaste and pleasing in effect, and, by being ornamented with tracery, make us regret the absence of it at Great Chalfield. The Jamb and Mtillions, the Label vih.\c\\ is peculiar in not having a bead, but coming out from the flush of the wall by a cavetto ; the Interior Arch- Mould, the Capital, and Base of the Colimn, are given at large.
MANOR-HOUSE, SOUTH WRAXHALL, WILTSHIRE. 65
Plate XIV. Longitudinal and Transverse Sections of the Hall, and sections of the Bays. The elegant open roof is shewn, which is ornamented by quatre- foils between the principal rafters ; and the arched beams are supported by brackets, on which are shields, with the armorial bearings relating to the family of Long : one of these brackets was destroyed by increasing the thickness of the end wall to the right, in order to carry up the flue of the Drawing-room. The Chimney-piece, which bears the date An. Dni. 1598, is interesting as a specimen of Elizabethan detail. The Arins on the Shield are those of Long, impaling a pelican feeding her young, for Came, which shews the marriage of Sir Robert Long with Barbara, daughter of Sir Edward Carne, the parents of Sir Walter Long, by whom this was put up.
Plate XV. gives a Transverse Section of the Roof to a larger scale, with details of its timbers, and the brackets supporting the arched beams of the roof, together with the shields at large. No. 1 bears the Mar shall s-lock, a cog- nizance adopted by the Longs, as mentioned above. No. 2 bears the arms of Popliam, which are, on a chief, two stags' heads caboshed, charged with a crescent. No. 3, which is shewn on the bracket to the right, bears Long impaling Popham. No. 4. Ten billets, 1, 3, 3, and 3, for Cowdray. No. 5. Long. No. 6. On a chevron, three torteaux between ten crosslets, for Berkeley. No. 7. Long impaling Berkeley. No. 8. Two wings for Seymour. These shields, and the mouldings on which they are placed, are carved in stone ; no vestige of the emblazoning is left, but, by reference to Appendix, No. IV., it can be supplied : the upper part of the bracket is of oak. They seem of later date than the roof, and were probably put up by Sir Thomas Long, who built the Gatehouse.
Plate XVI. At the top of this Plate, to the right, is shewn a transverse section of the original roof of the Guest Chamber, still existing over the Drawing-room ceiling ; and to the left, two compartments of the same longi- tudinally. Half of one compartment of the Hall-roof is shewn in plan to a larger scale, and the other Gap-mouths referred to Plate X. by numbers.
Plate XVII. The Drawing-Room.
This is a Perspective View of the Draxoing-Room from the door, as you enter, from off the landing of the staircase. It is in the style of the reign of James I.
K
66 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
The Fireplace on the left is much purer in its enrichments than is usually met with in this style. A male and a female figure, with Ionic caps, on each side, support a rich cornice, which is surmounted by a stylobate, whereon are placed columns and entablature of the Corinthian order : between the columns, which are also enriched, are figures of Prudence, AritJimetic, Geometry, and Justice. On the pedestal supporting Arithmetica, is the following inscription : —
Par impar numeris vestigo rite subactis, Me pete, concinne, si numerare cupis ;
and, on that supporting Geometria, —
Mensuras rerum spatiis dimetiora equis Quid coelo distet Terra, locusque loco.
Prvdentia and Jvstisia have no motto. In the centre is a figure of Pan. Opposite the fireplace is an angular projection, ornamented with niches, which seem to have served as seats. The ceiling is coved up to the form of the old roof shewn in Plate XVI., and is richly ribbed in plaster.
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
OF THE
Cijurc!) of ^t. 5^eter> at 3Sttitieston>
WILTSHIRE.
The churches of St. Peter and St. Nicholas, at Biddeston, remarkable for their peculiar but picturesque bell-turrets, seem to be of great antiquity ; and, as the presentations always mention the church of St. Peter before the vicarage of St. Nicholas, we may with safety presume that there must have been a building long anterior to the one which forms the subject of the five following Plates.
The great charm of these bell-turrets being almost lost when drawn geome- trically, the author has been induced to insert perspective sketches of both.
ST. PETER S.
ST. NICHOLAS S.
68 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE CHURCH OF ST. PETER,
It will be seen that that of St. Nicholas is, in point of style, much older than that of St. Peter's, which latter comes under the denomination of Perpendi- cular English ; while tlie former, from the string-course under the spire, down- wards, is decidedly Norman. The one seems to have been copied from the other; and, most probably, the original design was executed in the old church of St. Peter's, which must have been pulled down, and has thus been perpetuated. Whether this was the primitive form of the bell-turret in Saxon times, would be a curious inquiry, and not without interest. In PI. XXXII. of the " Benedic- tionale of St. iEthelwold," engraved in Vol. XXIV. of the " Archgeologia," is the representation of a bell-turret, containing several bells ; and the form of the open part, in which the bells are hung, is by no means unlike these ; and at Binsey, near Oxford, is a similar one, " part of which," Ingram says, " may be older than the Norman conquest." There are two other churches in the imme- diate neighbourhood of Biddeston which have bell-turrets built upon the same plan ; viz. Corston, and Leigh-de-la-Mere. There is also one at Acton-turville, on the borders of Gloucestershire, between Badminton and Corsham, and one at Boxwell, in the same county.
The attention of the author was called to these churches by C. W. Los- combe, Esq., an ingenious antiquary, who considers that they were of Saxon origin : he says, —
" Finding churches, with these peculiar characteristics, so widely scattered " " over the country, all of them exhibiting ornaments of the earliest period," " and differing so much in general from those we know to be Norman build-" " ings, the inference I draw is, that they must be referred to the fashion of a " " time, and not of a locality, and that that time must be the Saxon."
The church of St. Peter must have been at one time much larger, and what remains of the portions destroyed bears date much eai'lier than the present nave. Opposite to the door leading from the porch into the nave is another door, with an early English arch and ornament ; and in the north wall is a piscina, shewn in Plate IV., of the same date : this, probably, was in a chantry chapel, belonging to some ancient owner of the manor-house, within the precincts of which the church stands. The arch is still left which led to it, but has been built up with a window inserted, the arch being still visible, as shewn in Plate V. : there is another archway in the east wall, now filled up, which led into the chancel.
The patronage seems to have been vested in the prior of Monkton Farley, as the early presentations shew, and in " Computus Prioratus de Farlegh, temp.
AT BIDDESTON, WILTSHIRE.
69
JoH. Stone Prioris, A°. 17 Regis" (Henry VIII.), under " Firmae Decimarum," is the following : —
" Byddiston — X™' 6 0 0"
" Byddiston — Pens' eccl' 0 2 0 "
and in the " Valor Ecclesiasticus," 26 Henry VIII., under " Prioratus de Farlegh " —
" LoDOwico nunc Priore ifem val', viz' in Spiial' in Com' Wiltes' "
" Annu' Pore' Decimar' recept' in dites Vill' subsequen' "
" In Bydston cu' Harth" m 6 0 0 "
and under " Procur' solut' "
" Archidec' Wiltes' Pro ecclia de Slauglitonford, 5s. 9Jc?. Et Bideston, 5s. 9ld." '« Ob. Us. 7d."*
It seems afterwards to have devolved on the lord of the manor, when the vicarage of St. Nicholas and the chapel of Slaughterford were annexed to it. It is now in the patronage of Winchester College, and is a discharged rectory, composed of the two rectories of St. Nicholas and St. Peter, in the archdeaconry of Wilts and diocess of Sarum, valued in K. B. 21. 13s. 4fZ., ann. val. P. R. 140/.
PRESENTATIONS.t
|
ECCLESIA, VlCARlA, VEL |
Pathonus, |
|
|
CSPELLA. |
||
|
1323 |
Capell. Budeston S" Petri |
Prior de Farlegh |
|
1331 |
Capel. St. Petri de Budes- ton |
Prior de Farlegh |
|
1347 |
Cap. Budesdon St. Petri |
Rex |
|
1354 |
E. Budestone St. Pet. |
Rex |
|
1361 |
E. Budesden St. Petri |
Prior de Farle |
|
1391 |
E. Biddeston S. Petri |
Prior de S' Magdalena de Farley |
|
1417 |
E. Budeston |
Prior de Farlegh |
|
1419 |
E. Biddeston |
Prior de Farlegh |
|
1421 |
E. Byddyston |
Prior de Farlegh |
|
E. Litilton Drew |
Episcopus |
|
|
1421 |
E. Byddiston |
Prior de Farlegh |
Clericus.
Rogerus de Sutton Robertus Lovel de Mel-
kesham Johannes Godele, p. r.
Roberti Lovel Symon Cosyn Johannes de Shireburn, /».»-.
Simonis Cosyn W'"", Gardiner, p. m.
Sewaldi u. R.
Rogerus Priotscote, j9. m.
W"" Bryd Ricardus Julian, vice
Ilogeri Prescote Ricardus Julian, permut.
cum Johanne Whelere Johannes Leyne, vice
Johannis Whelere
* Dugdale's Monaiticon, Vol. V. p. 31.
t Sir Tliomas Phillipps's Institutions in li'itls.
70 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE CHURCH OF ST. PETER, AT BIDDESTON, WILTSHIRE.
|
ECCLESIA, ViCAKIi, VEL |
|
|
Capella. |
|
|
1434 |
E. Buddeston |
|
1442 |
E. Byddeston St. Petri |
|
1453 |
E. Bitteston |
|
1457 |
E. Byttesdon |
|
1468 |
E. Bydston |
|
1468 |
E. Bydston |
|
1475 |
E. Bidston |
|
1478 |
E. Budeston St. Petri |
|
1486 |
E. Bidston |
|
1490 |
E. Byddeston |
|
1510 |
E. Bidston St. Petri |
|
1510 |
E. Byddiston St. Petri |
|
1511 |
E. Bydeston St. Petri |
|
1520 |
E. Budeston S. Petri |
|
1592 |
E. Budston S. Petri |
|
1605 |
E. Bidsdon St. Petri |
|
1620 |
E. Buddeston St. Petr. |
|
1663 |
E. Biddeston S. Petr. |
1719
1741
1766
1807
E. Biddeston S. Petri cum V. Biddeston S. Nich. cum Capella de Slaughtenford
E. Biddeston S' Petri V. Biddeston S' Nicholas xcitli theCkapel of Slaugh- tcrford
E. Biddestone S' Peter, with V. Biddeston S' Nicholas and the Chapel q/Slaugh- torford
E. Buddeston St. Peter, cum Buddeston St. Nicholas & Slattenford
Patronus.
Prior de Farley Prior de Farlegh Episcopus, 2>er laps. Prior de Farlegh
Prior de Farlegh
Prior de Maydenbradley
Episcopus, per laps. Prior de Farleygh
Prior de Farley
Prior de Farley
Prior de Farley
Prior de Farleigh
Abbatissa de Shaston
Henricus Long, Miles, el Johannes Lacy, per con- cess. Prioris de Farlegh
Regina
Rex
Rex
Thomas Mountjoy,G'c«eros.
Willielmus Mountjoy, Gen.
William Mountjoy, of Bid- deston, Gent.
W" Mountjoy, of Bidde- ston
Winchester College.
Cleuicus.
Johannes Perus Johannes Eston Thomas Webbe Henricus Harlyng, p. r,
Thomffi Webbe Johannes Mower, p. r.
Ricardi Harlyng W""" Briggis, p. r.
Johannis Mower Simon Elvyngton Henricus Palmer, p. r.
Simonis Elvyngton Christopher Notte, j9. m.
Henrici Palmer Johannes Huchenson, p. r.
Christopheri Notte Henricus Goldney, p. m.
Henrici Barecrofte Johannes West, ju. r.
Henrici Goldney Thomas Poterey, p. m.
Radulfi Bery Lodowick Bricknock,
Prior de Farlegh, p. r.
Radulfi Eyre Ricardus Rydler W°"' Fawne Elias Tise, ^. m. U. R. Johannes Ferris, p. m.
Eliaj Tyse Thomas Keate, p. m.
Thomse Tattersall
Thomas Needham,/). w. Thomas Keate
Charles Page, p. m. Cornelius Norwood
Charles Daubeny, p. m. Charles Page.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
ST. PETER'S, AT BIDDESTON, WILTSHIRE.
Plate I. shews the South Elevation and the Ground-Plan : at the north-east corner is an arch filled up with a window inserted, which formerly led into a Chantry Chapel, as the Piscina still left in the north wall shews ; another arch in the east wall led into the Chancel, now pulled down ; the Porch is a good example, it is simple, but has some good mouldings; i\iQ Bell-Turret is curious, and is shewn in the followins; Plate.
'O
Plate II. gives the Bell-Turret, with Plans, at three different heights, referred to the Elevation by letter, which, with the Section from west to east, occupies the centre of the plate ; the corbel-mouldings and battlements are shewn to a larger scale ; the turret is nearly equipoised on the wall.
Plate III. gives a Plan, Section, Front and Side Elevations, and Details of the Porch, which sufficiently explain themselves.
Plate IV. No. 1 is the Door leading from the Porch into the Body of the Church, which has a small Piscijia on the right, with a Plan of the Jamb- Mouldings and Piscitia, and a section of the Label at large. No. 2 is a Window of the Porch at large, with its Jat7tb and Mullion underneath. No. 3. Plan, Section, and Elevation of the Piscina in the north wall of the church, which formerly belonged to a chantry chapel attached. It is of much earlier character than any other part of the church, except an arched door in the north wall, opposite the door shewn in this Plate, which is also Early English ; to the right are the Water- Tables of the Buttress in the South Elevation.
Plate V. No. 1. The Windoxv in the South Elevation, with plan of its Jamb and Mullion, and section of its Label at large : this label, like those at South Wraxhall, has no bead, but comes out from the flush of the wall by a cavetto. No. 2. The Windozo, which was inserted in the archway leading into the chantry chapel, half shews the Exterior and half the Interior Elevation : on the right a Section of it is given, and its label at large.
APPENDIX I.
No. 1. Letters Patent of King Edward III., conjirmatory of the Gft of Bishop Ralph, of Shrewsbury, to the Vicars-Choral of Wells.
^foaril, by the Grace of God, King of England and of Ffrance, and Lord of Ireland, To all to whom these present Letters shall come, Greeting, because We have received by an Inquisition which Wee caused to be made by our beloved Thomas Carey our Escheator in the County of Somersett That it is not our hurt or prejudice, or of others if Wee Grant to the Reverend Ffather Ralph Bishop of Bath and Wells, That he may give and Assign to the Vicars of the Church aforesaid (not having a common Habitation), a certain place of the Soil of the Church of S' Andrew in Wells, and of the Bishop in the same Place, which was lately collated by the Bishop of the same Place upon Mr. Alane of Hotham Canon of that Church, for his Habitation, and the Houses in the same Place by the said Ralph now built and to be built. To have and to Hold to them, and their Successors Vicars of the Church aforesaid for their Common and perpetual Cohabitation, and that the said Bishop may Charge his Lands and Tenements in Congresbury parcell of his Bishoprick aforesaid with an Hundred Shillings Annuity, and certain other Lands and Tenements with the Appurtenances in Wookey which William of Camell, and John his Brother held for term of the Life of either of them the said William and John of the said Bishop and which after the Death of them the said William and John ou^ht to remain to the said Bishop and his Successors with another Hundred Shillings Annuity, and that he may give and Assign the same Tenn Pounds Annuity to the said Vicars celebrating and which shall celebrate Divine Service in the said Church in Augmentation of their Sustenance to be perceived, and had Yearly out of the said Lands and Tenements to the same Vicars and their Successors for ever. Wee commending the godly and wholesome Purpose of the said Bishop in this behalfe which so much respecteth the Praise of God's name, the Comlinesse of the said Church (which is of the foundation of our Progenitors, and of our Patronage) the increase of Divine Worship, and the security honesty and Quietness of the Colledge of the said Vicars, And considering allso that the said Lands and Tenem'\ in Congresbury to be charged with an Hundred Shillings annuity as afore is said, are come to the Hands of the said now Bishop by the Death of S' John Randolffe Knight & Joan his Wife Tennants thereof from the said Bishop by the service of a certain Yearly Rent. And that the said Ralph now Bishop hath purchased, by himselfe and to his Successors the said Lands and Tenements in Wookey which are to be charged with another Hundred Shillings Annuity (our License for that purpose first
L
74 APPENDIX.
obtained) and willing to deale favourably with the said Bishop in Regard of the pmlsses, for Twenty Pounds which tlie said Bishop hath jiaid unto Us, have granted and given License to the same Bishop for Us and our Heirs (as much as in Us is) that he may give and Assign to the same Vicars the place aforesaid with their Appurtenances together with the Houses so by him thereupon built, and to be built; To have and to hold to them and their Successors Vicars of the same Church for their Habitation, And that the sam Bishop may Charge his said Lands and Tenements in Congresbury and Wookey aforesaid with the said Tenn Pounds Annuity, and likewise give and Assigne the said Tenn Pounds Annuity to the said Vicars. To be perceived and had yearely out of the said lands and Tenements to them and their Successors aforesaid in Augmentation of the Sustenance of the said Vicars and of Divine Service as afore is said, And as the said Bishop as well of the Houses for such Habitation for the said Vicars, as of the said Tenn Pounds between the said Vicars to be distributed shall thinke fitt to be Ordained for ever. And Wee doe likewise by virtue of these presents, give speciall License to the said Vicars that they may receive from the said Bishop and hold to them, and their successors as aforesaid ; as before is said the said Place with the Appurtenances together with the Houses, and Tenn Pounds Annuity out of the Lands and Tenements aforesaid. The Statute of Mortmain in any wise notwithstanding. And wee will not that the said Bishop or his Successors or the said Vicars or their Successors by reason of the pinisses or Statute aforesaid should be sued or molested, or in any sort grieved by Us, or Our Heirs, our Justices, Escheators, Sherriffs, or other our Bayliffs, or Ministers whatsoever. Saving notwithstanding to us and our Heirs, and to other chief Lords of the flFee thereof the services (that may bee due) of the place. Lands, and Tenements aforesaid. In SElitntSS Whereof Wee have caused these our Letters to be made Patent.
SSlt'tursS our Selfe att Sandwich the Third Day of Decemlier in the Two and Twentieth Year of our Reign of England and Ninth Year of our Reign of Ffrance.
Cfic IDupIicntr Cunfirmacon of the Chapter of Bath and Wells of the Houses of the Vicars of Wells, and of Tenn Pounds Rent due to them granted by the Lord Ralph Bishop of Bath and Wells.
■Sro all nnlj ^t'ngitlnr to whose notice these present Letters shall come Ralph by God's Providence Bishop of Bath and Wells Greeting in our Lord God everlasting. Know Yee that Wee with the unanimous consent of the Prior and Chapter of our Church of Bath, and Dean and Chapter of our Church of Wells (solemn discourse before had which in this behalfe is required, and other things concurring, which of Right are re- quisite) have Given Ordained and Assigned for Us and our Successors the Speciall Licence of the most Excellent Prince and our Illustrious Lord ©bfoart) by the Grace of God King of England and of Ffrance for that purpose had all that place of the Soil of St. Andrew in Wells, which Mr. Alane of Hotham Canon of the same Church did obtain for his Habitation of the Collation of John of good memory late Bishop of Bath and Wells our immediate Predecessor together with the Houses in the same Place, now
APPENDIX. 75
of new by Us built and to be built, to those of the Vicars of our Church aforesaid for the time being, under this manner and form that is to say, That Wee and our Successors Bishops of Bath and Wells may be holden to conferr the Chambers with th' appurtenances in the said Place built and to be built to every Vicar of the same Church, that is to say every Chamber with his Appurtenances to be had and Enjoyed so long as they shall be Vicars of the same Church, and make their personall abode in the same, Soe that it shall be we and our Successors to conferr and assign the said Chambers when they shall bee void to such Vicars of the said Church as shall please us, att the free will of Us and our Successors, And wee doe further ordain that the Vicars of our Church aforesaid when they shall have gotten Habitations by the Collation of us or our Successors, if they shall leave the said Chambers, and not dwell in them by the space of six months (without a reasonable cause by Us or our Successors to be allowed) shall be ipso facto deprived from the said Chambers so that without a new collation it shall not be lawfull for them to returue to the same Chambers. Moreover Wee doe ordain that the Vicars of the said Church inhabiting the said Chambers as aforesaid, living together att meat and drinke att the Common Costs and Expenses, may have to their Common Use the Hall, Kitching, Bake- house, and all other Houses in the said Place built and to be built. And that Wee the better Excite the said Vicars so to live together in Common att Meat and Driuke, att the Common Costs and Charges, Wee doe grant for us and our Successors to the Vicars of the said Church for the time being (the speciall Licence of our said Sovereigne Lord the King for that purpose first being had) Tenn Pounds Sterling Money of yearly Rent, that is to say, an Hundred Shillings, to be perceived out of all the Lands, and Tenements which John Randolfe, and Joan his Wife whilst they lived held in the Mannor of Congresbury. And other Hundred Shillings out of all the Lands, and Tenements which William Cammell and John his Brother hold of Us, and our Successors in our Mannor of Wookey for Term of either of their Lives, to be perceived yearly on the Ffeast of St. Michael), To have and to hold to the same Vicars, and to their Successors, Vicars Inhabiting the same Chambers, and livina; together in Common as afore is said to whose hands soever the said Lands and Tenements shall come for ever. And if it shall happen the Payment of the said Rent to be deferred in Part or in the whole after the said Term (which God forbid) that then and from thenceforth it shall be lawfull to and for the said Vicars the said Lands and Tene- ments to distreyn and the Distress to deteyn untill they shall be fully satisfied of the said Rent, Ours our Successors or any other Licence whatsoever for that purpose not required, saving it is not, nor was not our Intention that the Vicars dwelling out of the said Chambers, may although they dwell in the said Chambers (Except they live att the Common Charge and Expenses for Meat and Drink witli other Vicars living in such Chambers) should perceive any Profitt of the Rent aforesaid, but upon the Receipt of any such Proffitt after the Rate of the time should bee utterly excluded. Moreover, wee doe Ordain that all and every Vicar of the said Church inhabiting the said Chambers, soe often as they shall pass from the said Chambers to the said Church of St. Andrew, or from the said Church to the said Chambers, in recompense of this Benefitt be bound to say the
76 APPENDIX.
Lords Prayer, and the Salutation of the Angell for Us and our Successors. In SSSltncss, SSHCC Ralph by Gods Permission Bishop of Bath and Wells have caused our Seal to be put to these presents. Dated att Wyvelscombe the last Day saving one of December in the Year of our Lord God One Thousand Three Hundred Fforty and Eight, and of our Consecration the Twentieth.
^nb SSSCC John Prior of the Cathedrall Church of Bath, and the Chapter of the same Place, with one Accord giving our Consent to all and singular the Premisses, and holding them ratifj'ed and firms (as much as in Us is), confirme them, and have put our Common Seal to these presents, Dated as concerning Us in our Chapter House att Bath the first of January in the Year of our Lord God abovesaid.
^nil SStCE Walter Dean of the Church of Wells, and the Chapter of the same place with one accord giving our Consent to all and singular the Premises, and holding them ratifyed and firrae do (as much as in Us is) confirme the same, and have put our Comon Seal to these presents, Dated as concerning Us in our Chapter House of Wells the Third Day of the Month of January in the Year of our Lord God abovesaid.
No. 2. Copy of the Table of the Statutes and Injunctions laid down by Bishop Ralph de Salopici, and Confirmed by Bishop Beckington.
^ ^nblt of the Statutes and Injunctions.
1. ©^flt the Statutes and Injunctions shall be read once every Year.
2. The Ofiice and Power of the Principals.
6. How the Office of the Stewardship shall run from House to House. 8 How the Steward shall behave himself in his office.
7. What the Steward shall do in the Common Hall, his Office ended. 9. How the Steward shall pay for his Victualls.
10. How the Vicars ought to abstain from Oaths.
12. How that the Vicars ought to pay for their Commons att the Weeks end.
1 1 . What Communication the Vicars ought to have att the Table.
14. That neither Horses nor Doggs ought to be Kept within the Close.
15. How the Vicars ought to behave themselves within the Close att Night time.
16. Against Slanderers and Stirrers up of Strife.
18. How every Man ought to pray for the founder.
17. When the Close Gate ought to be shutt.
19. How the Secretts of the Hall ought to be kept Close.
20. How all suspected Persons ought to be removed.
21. That two shall not dwell in one House together.
APPENDIX. 77
23. That none shall strike the Common Servants.
25. Ther shall be soft Communication att the Table in the hall.
That no Vicar shall receive any Stranger to continue within the Close.
Confirmation of these Statutes by Thomas Beckington Bishop of Bath and Wells.
^latut's and ®rWnancts of Bishop Beckington.
28. jpfor Reformation of Abuse in the Vicars Apparrell.
29. Ffor like Rounding and Crownes and convenient Apparrell.
30. Ffor Reverence to be given to the Principals and Seniors.
31. That none of the Vicars shall make suit for any Chamber, &c.
32. That none shall sue his fellow at the temporal Law.
33. That no Lay Vicar presume to come to any Hall or Counsell except he be called.
34. How the Principalis ought to punish Offenders.
I^maftrr doe follow the Kings Injunctions.
1. ^fiat there shall be one only Receiver.
2. The Election of the said Receiver.
3. "What Rents the Receiver shall Receive.
4. How new admitted Vicars shall be taken to the Hall.
5. That none of tlie Vicars shall wear Weapon.
6. That every Vicar dining in the Coiuon Hall shall tarry Grace.
7. That every Vicar att his first Admission ought to take a Corporall Oath.
8. That the Principalis may continue in Office three or ffoure Yeares.
9. How the Principalis ought straightly to punish the Offendors against the Statutes.
10. That ever Vicar and especially the five Seniors ought to assist the Principalis in executing the Statutes.
11. That the Penalties of the OflFendors ought to bee paid out of Hand.
12. That these Injunctions shall be Registered and read openly. 41. Of Perdisons in the Church for Prime Mass and Evensong.
^ ^mviie or Iitjunrtfon
made by John Still, Bishop of Bath and Wells, the Seaventh Day of June, in the Year of our Lord God 1599.
I^Oto that every Vicar being employed about the House Busines, shall within sis Days yield an Account into the Exchequer of the said
House.
FFINIS TABULA
78 APPENDIX.
©fit ©atft of a Vicar Chorall of Wells.
5. J : N : late admitted unto a Vicar Chorall of the Cathedral Church of Wells make ray Oath upon this Holy Book that I from henceforth shall be alway obedient unto the Principalis of this Place for the time being and to ail other having their Power, and exercising their Office in their Absence and likewise to all my Seniors in all things that be lawfull and honest, And further I shall with the best of my Power from tliis day forward keep fullfiU and observe, and endeavour my selfe as much as in me shall lye hereafter to cause others in like manner to keep fuUfiU and observe all Statutes and laudable Customs of this Place. And moreover I shall (not) at any time utter nor yett disclose outwardly any of the Secretts or Counsell of this Place whereby Hurt Loss Prejudice Dislaunder or Grievances might fortune to follow and ensue to this Place, or any of my fellowship. And if it shall happen to hear of an}' Displeasure Loss Prejudice Dislaunder or Grievance towards this Place, or any of my fellowship I shall as farr for that I cann or may stay and lett it. And if may not I shall, with all speed convenient, open and disclose it unto the Principalis : also I shall to the uttermost of my Power help and Defend maintain and cause others as farr forth as I may to help maintain and Defend all manner of Livelyhoods Rents and Service to this place of Right appertaining and belong- ing. And to be a diligent helper to defend and recover the same if need shall require from all Enemy's and never consent to deliver it to other Use. And if it fortune nie here- after to be promoted from this Worshipfull Place I shall wlierever I come or abide be ever in Word Deed and Will well willed true friend, and in all things to this place apperteyniug bee a behoofull and diligent Helper ; so God me help and by this Book.
li^Ctfnftft doe follow the Ordinances of the same Place which ought to be read openly every year in the Hall there.
Then follow the Injunctions, of ichich the Table is given above, and the New Charter granted by Queen Elizabeth, luhich is dated at Westminster on the 25th Noiiember, in the 34</« year of her reign.
APPENDIX II.
Will of Henri/ Longe, Esquire, of Wraxhall; extracted from the Registry of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury.
In Dei nomie amen Primo die mensis Maij Anno dni Millesimo 9999 nonagesimo Ego Henricus Long Armiger compos mentis et sane memorie condo testamentii in hunc modum Inprimis lego anima meam deo Patri omnipotenti beate Marie Virgin! et oinibus Sanctis Corpus q3 meum sepeliendum in Ecctia de Wroxhall coram alta cruce. Item lego ecctie Catli Sar vjs viijd Itm lego ecctie ^ocliiali De Wroxaft xxs pro vestimentis Itm lego Rectori de Edyngdon iijs iiijd et cuilit Presbitero ejusdm Domus viijd et cuilit Novicio ejusdm Domiis iiijd jicipiend die obitus mei ad dicend missam et exequias predicto die et ibm orare pro me et animabus Roberti patris mei et Mar- garete matris mei Jobanne et Margarete nup uxorum mearum Reginaldi et Johannis fratrum et pro aiabus oifl parentum meorum et animabus oifi fidelii? defunctorum Itfri lego Abbati de Stanley iijs iiijd Itm cuilit presbitero ejusdm Domus viijd et cuilit Novicio eiusdm Domus quatuor Denar ifem orare ut sup" ItiTi lego Priori de Ffarley iijs iiijd et cuilit jjsbitero eiusdm Domus viijd et cuilit Novicio iiijd Itfn lego ecctie ^och De Nortb Bradley xxs pro Vestment? Itiii lego pau^ibus Domus Sancte Mar- garete De Bradford vjs viijd Itin lego Priori de Bradnestock iijs iiijd et cuilit Presbitero ejusdm Domus viijd et cuilit Novicio iiijd Itin lego Capelle Patris mei in Monasterio de Bathe construct, vntf par Vestmentorum p'cy 9 s vel alia necessaria ad valorem ejusdm summe Itin lego friBus predicatoribus de Marleburgb xiijs iiijd pro vestment? Itin lego frib5 minorib3 Sar xiijs iiijd pro vestment? ItiTi lego fril5us pre- dicatoribus Sar vjs viijd pro vestment? Itin lego ecctie De Bradford xxs pro vestment? Itm lego Dom De Henton xls pro Vestment? Itfn tego ecctie De Brougbton xiijs iiijd pro vestment? Itfii lego Capelle Sancti Georgij de Semelton (Semington) xxs pro vest- ment? Itiii lego ecctie de ]\lilkestim xxs pro vestment? Itin lego ecctie de Hilpton xiijs iiijd pro vestment? Itin lego Abbatisse de Lacocke xxs pro vestments Itin lego ecctie de Chippenhin xxs pro vestments Itm lego ecctie de Boxe xxs pro vestments° Itin lego Jo- hanne Uxori mee omia terras et tenementa mea que babeo in Civitate nove Sar Ac omia bona mea infra ciuitatem pdcam et in Domo mea ibm existen? habend et tenend omia pdicf terras et tenementa prefate Johanne Uxori mee at terminfl vite sue Residufl vero omi' bonor{? meorum non legatorum Do et lego executoribus meis videlicet Johanne uxori mee Diio Ricardo Key Vicario De Boxe Jobanni Goldney ut ij9i ea disponant pro salute anime mee et aiabus omi amicori? meorum prout illis melius videbiP expediri Eciam facio et con- stituo magistrum Radulphum Hethcott supuisoi^ meum tarn Voluntatis terrarum et tene- Tnentori? meorfl qua testamenti qui jicipiet pro labore suo xls In testimonii omi premis- sorum sigilhim quod vtor apposui Dap apud Wroxall Die et Anno supradic? Itin lego
ecctie De Trubrigg xxs ^ vestment? Itin lego ecctie xxs pro vestment?
Itin lego ecctie de Asshton xxs pro vestment?.
APPENDIX III.
Notes on South Wraxhall, from Auhreifs MSS. now in the Ashmolean
Museum, Oxford.
" Tills is a very large well built old howse : on the gate is the Marshall's lock and the" " Stagge's head caboslied in stone. The Hall is open and high and windowes full of" " painted glasse."
" This windowe is seme of a branch or beame of a stagfofe's horn or" Coats as follow :
I. Or; three torteaux ^w/es two and one, in chief a label of three points azure, each point charged with three plates or, " Courtney." II. Or; an eagle displayed gules, " Rodeney" erased. III. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, azure ; a lion rampant argent, crowned or, "Dayrell." 2d and oA, argent; two bars voided sahle in chief, two demi-lions rampant gules. IV. Gules; three fish hauriant argent, '■^LucyT
" This window is seme the Marshall's lock or, at the bottom the salutation of the " " B. Virgin Mary." Coats : I. Sahle; a bend or between six fountains argent, " Sturton."
II. Argent; on -d chief gules, two stags' heads or, " Bradley." III. Or; an eagle displayed and double-headed yules, beaked and legged azure, " JBlewet." IV. "Long" impaling " Bradley." V. Gules; a chevron ermine betweeu nine crosslets argent, " Barhley." VI. Gides; a chevron argent between ten crosslets argent, " Barhley." VII. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, argent ; on a chief ^«/e.«;, two mullets or, " St John." 2d and 3d, gules; two lions passant regardant argent. VII. Azure; a bend argent cotized or, " Fortcscue."
" On the chimney-piece. An. Dini 1598." ''Long" impaling " a pelican" feeding her vounff, "Kerne."
" In the Entry that leads from the Hall to the Parleur. This window seme of" " Stagges branches." Coats: I. Gules; a saltire argent charged with two annulets entwined; that to left ^«/es, the other azure. II. Within a bordure argent and azure, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, azure, three fleurs-de-lis or, two and one. 2d and 3d, gules, three lions passant regardant or, " Card. Beaufort of Winchester." III. Or; on a chevron gules a mitre with labels or, within a bordure engrailed sahle, " Stafford. A. B. Cant." IV. Within a bordure azure semee of fleurs-de-lis or ; gules, three lions passant regardant or.
"This semee of Marsballs locks." Coats: I. 1st and 4th, checque of six or and azure, a chevron ermine. 2d and 3d, gules, a fesse or between six crosslets or. II. A blank coat.
" In the Dining-roome : a very noble one in the Windowe." I. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, azure; on a bend or, three "starres of five points waved" argent. 2d and 3d, argent; three demi-lions gules, two and one, " Sturmy" in pencil. II. Or; a chevron argent
APPENDIX. 81
between nine crosslets argent " Barkley." III. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, azure; three fleurs de lis or, two and one. 2d and 3d, gules; three lions passant regardant or, " Ks. Arms." IV. " Long." V. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, argent ; three diamonds in fesse gules, ^'Montagu." 2d and 3d, or; an eagle displayed azure, ^^ Menthurmer." VI. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, azure ; on a bend or, three stars of five points waved argent. 2d and 3d, argent; three demi-lions rampant gules, two and one; impaling, quarterly, 1st and 4th, " Long ;" 2d and 3d, gules ; on a chevron argent, three torteaux gules between six crosslets argent. VII. ''Long." VIII. Within a garter a;r«7-e, charged with HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE or, quarterly, 1st and 4th, gules, a lion rampant or. 2d. Sable, a fret " or." 3d. Sable, fretty or. IX. "Long;" impaling or, three bends azare within a bordure engrailed argent. X. Gules; a chevron argent charged with three torteaux gules between ten crosslets argent, "Barkley of Bruton."
"In another chamber in the windowe; the edges of this window, Long and the" " lock below" (the Marshall's lock) " as it used to be with the Saxon crowns" (it is charged in the side with an anchor sable). Coats : I. Gules: ten billets or, 3, 3, 3, and 1, " Cowdray of Berks" in pencil. II. Gules; twelve billets or, 3, 3, 3, and 3, impaling, or; an eagle displayed gnles double-headed, beaked and legged azure. III. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, gules; nine billets or, 3, 3, and 3. 2d and 3d, argent; on a c\i\ei gules, two stags' heads or, charged with a crescent or. " / believe this to be inversed."
" In the same windowe Bradley, without the crescent or as in margin," viz. Argent on a c\nei g ides ; two stags' heads or. " This window is full oi 3IarshalVs locks."
" In another chamber window, the locks aforesaid, glasse and figures broken. In a" " chamber within that, in the windowe, beanies of a stagge's head, and at the top in " " scrolles, ♦ lEnbjlE fajoll IgE.' V. Box. p. 112, de hoc."'
"In the Parlour window," I. Gules; a chevron argent charged with three torteaux gules, between ten crosslets argent: impaling, party per pale argent and sable a cross flory counterchanged. II. Within a Bordure seme of skull caps; quarterly, 1st and 4th, gules, a fesse or between six martlets or, " Beauchamp" in pencil. 2d. Two lions passant argent. 3d. Azure, three fish naiant argent, " Boche."
" Over the gate is a handsome chamber and a good glasse windowe full of figures," " w*" I could not see."
' " BOX. On the S. side of the Church is a fair freestone monum. of Roman architecture bom up with lonicq" •' pillars, a figure incumbent on the altar in armour. Here lyetb the body of Anthony Long, Esq. buried the 2d of" " May, 1578. Query, the Marshalllock ? In a scroll the motto, ENVI WILL LYE."
H
INDEX.
AcTOK TuRviLLE, Gloucestershire, notice of a
bell-turret at, 68. Adwyne's, St., or St. Edwyne's chapel, South
Wraxhall, Wilts, notice of, 50. Altar in the chapel of the Vicars' Close, Wells,
16; pi. No. 8. Altar tomb. See Tomb. Andrew, St., patron saint of Wells cathedral
church, 17. , niche containing his statue, chain- gate. Wells, 20; pi. No. 18, No. 19. Arms, coat of, of Bath Abbey, 17 ; pi. No. 12. . Bath and Wells, the united see
of, 8, 9, 14, 17; pi. No. 2, No. 10, No.
12. de Beckington,Thos. bishop of
Arms, coat of, of Tropenell, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 ; pi. No. 32, No. 37, No. 39, No. 40, No. 45, No. 48, No. 51, No. 52, No. 54.
, Wells, of the see of, 9, 19 ;
pi. No. 16.
Berkeley, or Barkley, 54,: 54, 65, 81 ;
Bath and Wells. See Beckington. Ludlow, of Hill Deverell, Wilts,
44, 46, 47, 48 ; pi. No. 45, No. 48, No. 52, No. 54. Nicholas Bubwith, bishop of
Bath and Wells, 5; pi. No. 10. Percy, 24, 24,* 47 ; pi.
No. 52.
RichardPomeroy,8; pl.No.l6.
Roche, of Bromham, Wilts, 47,
81 ; pi. No. 52. Rous, of Imber, Wilts, 47 ;
pi. No. 52.
Royal, as borne by Henry V. and subsequent sovereigns of England, down to Elizabeth, 21 ; pi. No. 24. as worn, 1622, 46 ; pi. No. 50.
pi. No. 69.
Carne, 58, 65, 80 ; pi. No. 68.
Cowdray, 66, 81 ; pi. No. 69.
Long, 54, J 63, 65, 80, 81 ; pi. No. 60,
No. 63, No. 68, No. 69.
Popham, 65 ; pi. No. 69.
Seymour, or St. Maur, 54, 54,t 65 ;
pi. No. 69.
B
Bakehouse, Vicars' Close, Wells, presumed situa- tion of, 18; pi. No. 13. Bastions at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 38; pi. No.
28. Bath Abbey, the arras of, 17 ; pi. No. 12. Bath and Wells, arms of the united see of, 8, 9,
14, 17 ; pi. No. 2, No. 10, No. 12. Bays of the banqueting-hall. Great Chalfield,
Wilts, 40, 42, 43 ; pi. No. 29, No. 32,
No. 36, No. 40. , South Wraxhall,
Wilts, 62, 64,65; pi. No. 56-57, No. 64,
No. 66, No. 68. Beckington, Thomas de, bishop of Bath and
Wells, a great benefactor to the Vicars' Close
at Wells, 5. , an inscription to the memory of his
benefaction, 10.
84
INDEX.
Beckington, Thomas de, connected the Vicars' Close to the cathedral, by building the Close- Hall Gate, or Chain-Gate , 5, 6.
, his arms and rebus, 6, 8, 9, 17, 18,
20, 21, 22; pi. No. 12, No. 13, No. 20, No. 24, No. 26.
, his executors, 7, 7,| 10, 10. J
, his Nova Opera, 5.
• , notice of his life, 5.*
• , supposed to have acquired his
knowledge of architecture from William of
Wickham, 20. Beer-cellar, under the hall of the Vicars' Close,
Wells, 18; pi. No. 13. Bell-turret of the chapel, Vicars' Close, Wells,
17: pi. No. 12. church at Great Chalfield,
Wilts, 46; pi. No. 50. Bell-turrets, peculiar but picturesque ones, at
Biddeston, Wilts, 67, 68 ; , similar ones at Corston and Leigh- de-la-mere, Wilts, 68. of the church of St. Peter at Bid-
deston, Wilts, 67, 68, 71 ; pi. No. 72, No. 73. Biddeston, Wilts, church of St. Nicholas, notice of, 67.
, sketch of the bell-turret, 67.
, church of St. Peter, historical
account of, 67 — 70. , descrip- tion of five Plates, illustrative of, 71, viz.
I. south elevation and ground-plan, 71 ;
pi. No. 72.
II. bell-turret, 71 ; pi. No. 73.
III. porch, 71 ; pi. No. 74.
IV. details, 71 ; pi. No. 75.
V. windows and details, 71 ; pi. No. 76.
Bocat ; William, executor to Hugh Sugar, alias Norris, LL.D., built the chantry chapel now existing in Wells Cathedral, 7.+ Bosses, executed in plaster, Great Chalfield
manor-house, 45 ; pi. No. 46. Boxwell, Gloucestershire, notice of a bell-turret at, 68.
Brackets, oak, supporting the roof of the hall at South Wraxhall, Wilts, 65; pi. No. 69.
Buttresses, peculiar angle-buttresses at South Wraxhall manor-house, Wilts, 63; pi. No. 60.
Ceiling of the banqueting-hall. Great Chalfield, Wilts, plan of, 40 ; pi. No. 29.
chantry chapel at Great Chal- field, Wilts, 46 ; pL No. 48.
^^^^-^—^^ drawing-room at South Wrax-
hall, Wilts, 66; pi. No. 71. Chain-gate at Wells, built by Bishop Beckington, 5, 6, 11, 13, IS, 19.
, transverse section of, 19;
pi. No. 15.
, east elevation of, 20 ; pi.
No. 18—19. Chalfield, Great, or East, Wilts, historical ac- count of the manor-house and church at, 23—37.
— , description of two
Plates, illustrative of, 38, 39, viz.
I. perspective view, 38 ; pi.
No. 27.
II. general ground-plan, 38,
pi. No. 28. , the manor-house, de-
scription of twenty Plates illustrative of 39—45, viz.
III. ground andfirst-floor plans,
39, 40 ; pi. No. 29.
IV. north front and figures
terminating the gables, 41; pi. No, 30.
V. longitudinal section and
details of roofs, 41 ; pi. No. 31.
VI. two transverse sections,
figures terminating north gables &c. 42 ; pi. No. 32.
VII., VIII., IX. semicircular oriel window,
42; pi. No. 33, No. 34, No 35.
INDEX.
85
XI., XII. I
XIII.
XIV. XV.
XVI.
XVII., XVIII.
XIX. XX.
windows of hall, and of bay of ditto, 42 ; pi. No. 36.
octagonal oriel window, 42, 43 ; pi. No. 37, No. 38.
■ entrance- porch, and oak- door, 43 ; pi. No. 39.
■ North bay of Hall, 43 ; pi. No. 40.
- square-headed window, 43 ; pi. No. 41.
- fire-place, 43, 44; pi. No.42.
■ oak screen, 44 ; pi. No. 43, No. 44.
- bosses, masks, and details, 44, 45 ; pi. No. 45.
- small plaster bosses, and
restoration of one com- partment of the ceiling of hall, 45; pi. No. 46. Chalfield, Great, or East, Wilts, the church, de- scription of seven Plates illustrative of, 45 — 47, viz.
I. west elevation and longitudinal
section, 45 ; pi. No. 47.
IT. transverse section, ground-plan,
and details, 45, 46; pi. No. 48.
III. porch, 46 ; pi. No. 49.
IV. bell-tiirretand westwindowatlarge,
and details, 46; pi. No. 50.
v., VI. stone screen, 46, 47 ; pi. No. 51,
No. 52.
VII. oak seat, desk, and piscina, 47;
pi. No. 53.
, Little, or \Vest,26, 34, 36.
Chantry chapel : to the memory of Hugh Sugar, alias Norris, LL.D., in the nave of Wells Cathedral ; the present one not built by him- self, but by William Bocat, his executor, 7.*
. , at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 46.
priests of the choir of Wells Cathedral
first ordained, 1, 1,* 1 .J
and styled Vicars' Choral, 1,1.*
endowed with lands by Walter
Chapel of the Vicars' Close, at Wells, now in disuse, 11, 13, 16 — 18; pi. No. 8 — No. 12.
, library over, 13,
16—18; pi. No. 8— No. 12.
, plan of, 17; pi.
No. 9.
Chapel-plaister, Wilts, notice of, 50.
Chapter-house, the. Wells Cathedral, communi- cation with the staircase leading to, from the Vicars' Close, 19 ; pi. No. 14.
Chimney-piece. See Fire-place.
Chimney-shaft of the vicars' dwellings at Wells, 14, 15 ; pi. No. 2, No. 4.
, a corbelled one at South Wrax-
hall, 61, 64 ; pi. No. 55, No. 64.
attached to the hall at South
Wraxhall, Wilts, occupying the same situ-
tion as that at Great Chalfield, 64 ; pi. No. 64.
Compare pi. No. 30. Chimney-shafts at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 41,
43 ; pi. No. 30, No. 42.
, details of, 43; pi. No. 42.
Church at Great Chalfield, Wilts. See Chal-
Jield. Close-Hall Gate, Wells. See Chain-gate. Corbelling, under octagonal oriel window. Great
Chalfield, Wilts, 42 ; pi. No. 37. , South Wraxhall,
Wilts, 63 ; pi. No. 60, No. 63. of a bell-turret at Biddeston, 71 ;
deHuUe, 1.
pi. No. 73. Cornice, battlemented oak one, of the vicars'
dwellings at Wells, 14; pi. No. 4. Corsham Church, Wilts, altar tomb in the chantry
chapel, description of one plate illustrative
of, 47, 48, viz. I. tomb of Thomas Trop^nell and his wife,
47, 48 ; pi. No. 54. Corston, Wilts, notice of a bell-turret at, 68.
D
Desk, oak, in the church at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 47 ; pi. No. 53.
86
INDEX.
Dining-room, manor-house, Great Chalfield,
Wilts, 40, 41. , South Wraxhall,
Wilts, 62, 80. Domestic offices. Great Chalfield, Wilts, 40. Door, oak, of the chapel of the Vicars' Close,
Wells, 17; pi. No. 10. , manor-house, Great Chalfield, Wilts,
39,41,43; pi. No. 29, No. 31, No. 39. of the church of St. Peter at Biddeston,
Wilts, 71; pi. No. 75. Door-case of the chapel of the Vicars' Close at
Wells, an insertion under the tracery head of
one of the original windows, 3, 16, 17.
, drawn at large, 17 ; pi. No. 10.
, original one stopped up, 3.
, of the vicars' dwellings at Wells, 14;
pi. No. 2, No. 3. Drawing-room, or withdrawing-room, at South
Wraxhall, Wilts, 61, 62, 65, 66; pi. No.
55, No. 58 — 59, No. 71. , exterior elevation of, 64 ; pi.
No. 64.
interior perspective view of, 65,
66; pi. No. 71. Draycot, Wilts, the manor acquired by the family
of Long, by marriage, 55. , held hy petit serjeantie, 55.
Edward III. his letters patent to the vicars' choral of Wells, Appendix I. 73.
Elizabeth, queen of England, granted a charter to the principals, seniors, and vicars' choral of the choir in the cathedral church of St. Andrew at Wells, 9, 11, 78.
, an inscription to, in memory of her
gift, 10.
Elizabethan architecture, corruption of taste, 32.
withdrawing-room at South Wrax- hall, Wilts, 65, 66; pi. No. 71.
Entrance-gateway to the Vicars' Close, Wells, 13, 18; pi. No. 1, No. 13.
, elevation of, 19; pi. No. 15.
Entrance-gateway to the Vicars' Close, Wells, sections of, 19,20;pl.No. 18, No. 19, No. 23.
from the market-place into the
grounds of the bishop's palace at Wells ; no- ticed, 16.
at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 39;
pi. No. 28.
at South Wraxhall, Wilts, 61,
63, 80; pi. No. 55, No. 56 — 57, No. 60, No. 61, No. 62, No. 63.
, plan and elevation. 63 ; pi.
No. 60.
, longitudinal section and first- floor plan, 63 ; pi. No. 61. , oriel window, 63; pi. No. 62,
No. 63.
Fetterlock, or marshal's lock, a cognizance of the family of Long, 54, 55, 56,§ 58, 63, 65, 80, 81 ; pi. No. 60, No. 63, No. 69.
Figures ; terminating the gables of the manor- house, at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 41 ; pi. No. 30.
Fire-dogs of the hall. Vicars' Close, Wells, 21 ; pi. No. 24.
Fire-place of the vicars' dwellings at Wells, 14; pi. No. 3.
of the hall, Vicars' Close, Wells, 21 ;
pi. No. 23, No. 24.
in the banqueting-hall. Great Chal-
field, Wilts, 41, 43; pi. No. 31, No. 42. , Elizabethan, inserted in the guest-
chamber, Great Chalfield manor-house, Wilts, 31. in the drawing-room at
South Wraxhall, Wilts, 66 ; pi. No. 7 1 . Fitzwaryn, Philip, 26. Fleur-de-lis, surmounting the oriel window of
the Vicars' Close, at Wells, 15; pi. No. 5.
Gables, terminated by figures at Great Chal- field, Wilts, 41 ; pi. No. 30.
INDEX.
87
Gallery, the vicars', over the chain-gate, Wells ;
19; pi. No. 14.
transverse section of, 19 ; pi. No. 15.
east elevation of, 20; pi. No. 18, No.
19. , one
of the compartments of, 20; pi. No. 20. , for music, in the banqueting-hall at
Great Chalfield, Wilts, 41 ; pi. No. 31.
Gap-mouths at South Wraxhall, Wilts, 64, 65 ; pi. No. 64, No. 70.
Gateway, outer, at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 38 ; pi. No. 28.
Griffins, terminating the gables at Great Chal- field, Wilts, 42 ; pi. No. 32.
Groined-room at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 41 ; pi. No. 31.
Guest-chamber at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 40, 41 ; pi. No. 29, No. 31.
, South Wraxhall, Wilts, re- moved, 62; pi. No. 58—59.
H
Hall of the Vicars' Close, Wells, plan of, 18,
19; pi. No. 13. , north eleva-
tion of, 20; pi. No. 21. tion of, 19; pi. No. 15. section of, 20 ; pi. No. 23.
-, south eleva- -, longitudinal,
, transverse
section of, 19, 20; pi. No. 18 — 19.
, crypt under,
used as a malting-house, 11, 13; formerly the beer-cellar, 13, 18 ; pi. No. 1, No. 13.
— , banqueting, at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 39 ; pi. No. 29.
, longitudi-
nal section of, 41 ; pi. No. 31.
, transverse
sections of, 42 ; pi. No. 32. , at South Wraxhall, Wilts, ex-
terior view of, 61, 80 ; pi. No. 55.
Hall, banqueting, at South AVraxhall, elevation
of, 64 ; pi. No. 64. — — , longitu-
dinaland transverse sections, 65 ; pi. No. 68. , transverse
section of the roof, 68 ; pi. No. 69. Harberton ; Lord, of Carbery, in the county of
Kildare, Ireland, descended from the family
of Pomeroy, 8. Hungerford ; Margaret Lady, 53. Hungerfordes; the old Lordes, supposed patrons
of the family of Longe, or Le Long, 51.
1,J
Jambs of archways, 43, 63, 64 ; pi. No. 39,
No. 63, No. 65, No. 67. ■ dooiways, 64, 71 ; pi. No. 56, No.
57, No. 65, No. 75. screen at Great Chalfield Church,
Wilts, 46; pi. No. 51. windows, 43, 63, 64, 71 ; pi. No. 38,
No.41,No.63, No.66, No.67, No.75,No.76. Joceline de Welles, or Trotman, first ordained
the Vicars Choral of Wells Cathedral, I,
1,* U
, notice of his life, 1.* Iron work, old, at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 42,
43 ; pi. No. 35, No. 39.
K
Kitchen of the Vicars' Close, at Wells, 18. , plan of,
18; pi. No. 14. , section of,
20; pi. No. 23. , at South Wraxhall, Wilts, 62 ;
pi. No. 56—57.
Labels, mouldings of, at Biddeston, Wilts, 71;
pi. No. 74, No. 75, No. 76. , at Great Chalfield, Wilts,
42 ; pi. No. 36, No. 37, No. 38, No. 50.
88
INDEX.
Labels, mouldings of, at South Wraxhall, Wilts, 63, 64 ; pi. No. 63, No. 65, No. 66, No. 67.
, at Vicars' Close, Wells,
pi. No. 4, No. 10, No. 11.
, terminations of, at South Wraxhall,
Wilts, 63; pi. No. 63, , , at Great Chalfield,
Wilts, pi. No. 36, No. 37, No. 41, No. .54. Leigh-de-la-Mere, Wilts, notice of a bell turret
at, 68. Library over the chapel. Vicars' Close, Wells,
plan of, 17; pi. No. 9. Lobby, the small, Vicars' Close, Wells, 19 ;
pi. No. 14. . En-
trance into, 20 ; pi. No. 23.
Sec-
tion of, 22 ; pi. No. 25.
Long, arms of, 63, 65, 80, 81 ; pi. No. 60, No. 63. No. 68, No. 69.
Long, Hope, Esq. 60.
Long, John, Esq., his persecution by his step- mother, 59, 60.
, his son, 60.
, the Rev., rector of Meseyhampton,
Gloucestershire, 60. — , Walter, Esq. of Bristol, 60.
■ — , his son, 60. , of Wraxhall and Whaddon
(well known as Mr. Walter Long, of Bath), 60. , M.P. for North Wilts, the
present possessor of South Wraxhall, 60, 61. Longe, or Le Long, family of, 50. , supposed origin
of, by Leland, 51. Henry, cotemporary with Thomas Tro-
penell, Esq. projector of the manor-house at Great Chalfield, and with him named in the will of Margaret, lady Hungerford, 53, 54. , his will] at length, Appendix IL
79.
, monument in South Wraxhall
Church, supposed to be his widow's, 54, with a woodcut.
Longe, Sir Henry, 56 ; knighted for his gallant
charge at Therouenne, 57. , a new crest granted to
him, 57.
, his motto. 57.
, Robert, presumed projector of the ma- nor-house at South Wraxhall, Wilts, 51, 52.
, Sir Robert, knight, 57.
, presumed to have been the
first Protestant member of the family, 57.
, Sir Thomas, 55, 56.
, his monument in South
Wraxhall Church, 56.*
, Sir Walter, knight, made many ad- ditions to the manor-house at South Wrax- hall, Wilts, 58, 59.
, friend of Sir Wal-
ter Raleigh, 58.*
, in consequence of
the artifice of his second wife, disinherits his son, 59.
, his second wife's
promise to him on his death-bed, and how performed, 60.*
Loophole in the porch leading to the hall, Great Chalfield, Wilts, through which to receive letters, or to take cognizance of visit- ors, 39, 43 ; pi. No. 39.
Loscombe, C. W. Esq., his opinion of the bell- turrets at Biddeston and other places in Wilts, 68.
Ludlow, of Hill Deverell, Wilts, arms of, 44, 46, 47, 48 ; ph No. 45, No. 48, No. 52, No. 54.
M
Manor-house at Great Chalfield, Wilts, pro- jected by Thomas Tropenell, Esq. 31. See, also, Chalfield.
, ground
and first-floor plans, 39 ; pi. No. 29.
front of, 41 ; pi. No. 30. dinal section, 41 ; pi. No. 31.
-, north -, longitu-
INDEX.
89
Manor-House at Great Chalfield, Wilts, trans- verse sections, 42 ; pi. No. 32.
at South Wraxhall, Wilts, historical
account of, 49 — 61. See also Wraxhall.
, perspec- tive view of, 61 ; pi. No. 55.
Marshal's lock. See Fetterlock.
Masks in the banqueting-hall at Great Chalfield, Wilts, disguising openings from the upper rooms,41,42,45;pl. No. 31,No.32,No. 45.
Meyrick, Sir Samuel, Bart., his opinion of the figures in armour which terminate the gables of the manor-house at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 41. •
Moat at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 38 ; pi. No. 28.
Motto adopted by Thomas Tropenell, Esq., 31, 44 ; pi. No. 45.
Mouldings of Piers, pi. No. 13, No. 14.
Mountery, or Mounterox College, at Wells, Somersetshire, for fourteen priests, founded by Ralph Erghum, bishop of Wells, 4.
, mistaken
by some for the Vicars' Close, 4.
, confisca- ted, temp. Elizabeth, 4.
Mountroy House, built on its site, 4.
, pulled down, 4.
MuUions of a screen in Great Chalfield Church, Wilts, 46; pi. No. 51.
windows, 43, 63, 64, 71 ; pi. No. 4,
No. 10, No. 14, No. 17, No. 22, No. 38, No. 41, No. 63, No. 66, No. 67, No. 73.
, door, pi. No. 9.
Muniraent-room, Vicars' Close, Wells, plan of, 18, 19; pi. No. 14.
, pas-
sage-room leading to, 20 ; pi. No. 21.
section
of, 22 ; pi. No. 25.
N
Neale, Sir Harry Burrard, Bart., 32, 36.
, Grace-Elizabeth, 32.
, Robert, Esq. 32, 46.
Niches, Chain-gate, Wells; one of them contain- ing a statue of St. Andrew, 20,
, Chapel, Vicars' Close, Wells, 18; pi. No.
12.
Nicholas Bubwith, bishop of Wells, supposed to have bestowed a grant on the Vicars' Close at Wells, 4.
, his arms on the door of the
chapel, 5, 7; pi. No. 10.
, notice of his life, 1 7.*
O
Oriele, definition of the term by Aubrey, 52.^ Oriel window of the vicars' dwellings. Vicars'
Close, Wells, 11, 13, 15, 18; pi. No. 5,
No. 6. , two in the hall, ditto, 19;
pi. No. 16. , elevation, section, and details of
one, 19; pi. No. 16.
-, plan, interior elevation, and sof-
fit, 19,20; pi. No. 17, No. 23. , transverse section, 19, 20; pi.
No. 18, No. 19. , semicircular, at Great Chalfield,
Wilts, 40, 41, 42; pi. No. 29, No. 30, No. 31, No. 33, No. 34, No. 35. , octagonal, ditto, 40, 41, 42,
43; pi. No. 29, No. 30, No. 31, No. 37, No. 38. , at South Wraxhall manor-house,
Wilts, 63 ; pi. No. 62, No. 63.
Panelling, napkin or scroll, in the hall, Vicars'
Close, Wells, 19, 22; pi. No. 16; No. 18,
No. 19, No. 26. Parapet-moulding, chapel of the Vicars' Close,
Wells, 18; pi. No. 12.
, panelled, wooden, 22; pi. No. 25.
Pateras on ceiling of the chapel. Vicars' Close,
Wells, 17; pi. No. 9. in the jamb-mouldings of the doorcase,
ditto, 17; pi. No. 10.
90
INDEX.
Pateras in a stringcourse of oriel window, Great Chalfield, Wilts, 42 ; pi. No. 34.
• in quatrefoils of stone screen in church
at Great Chalfield, 47 ; pi. No. 52. Pearson, Mrs. Elizabeth, monument to the me- mory of, in the church at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 37. Pedigree of Percys, knights of Great Chalfield, 25.
of Tropenell, 27—31.
Pendants in soffit of oriel window, Great Chal- field, Wilts, 42 ; pi. No. 35. Percys, knights of Great Chalfield, pedigree of, 25. Piscina, stone, at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 47 ; pi. No. 53.
, Biddeston, Wilts, 71 ; pi. No.
72, No. 75. Pomeroy, Richard, 19.
, his arms, 8, 19 ; pi. No. 16.
Pope, John, or John Talbot, one of Bishop Beck- ington's executors, 7, 7,* 7,1 14, 16; pi. No. 2, No. 7.
, his arms, or rebus, 14, 16 ; pi.
No. 2, No. 7. Porch, a richly groined one, leading to the great staircase, Vicars' Close, Wells, 13, 18, 22 ; pi. No. 1, No. 13, No. 25, No. 26.
leading into the court of one of the vicars'
dwellings at Wells, 15, 16, 16 ;* pi. No. 7.
, Great Chalfield manor-house, Wilts,
43 ; pi. No. 39.
, church, a curious one,
46 ; pi. No. 49. Porter's dwelling, Great Chalfield, Wilts, 40. Preux, one of the house of, supposed ancestor of
the family o( Longe or Le Long, 51. Priest's dwelling, at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 40. Pugin, the late Augustus, Esq. 11 Also, Pre- face to Part I. Pulpit for grace at meal-time, in the hall of the Vicars' Close at Wells, 21 ; pi. No. 23.
Q
Quarells, ornamental, in the windows of the chapel, Vicars' Close, Wells, 17 ; pi. No. 9.
R
Radulphus de Salopia, or Ralph of Shrewsbury, bishop of Bath and Wells, made certain statutes and ordinances for the better govern- ment of" Close Hall," 2 ; Appendix I.
■ founder of the Vicars'
Close, 2, 2.*
pendix II.
of his gift, 3,9, 10.
his deed of gift, 2 ; Ap-
an inscription in memory ).
■ ■ notice of his life, 2.*
place of his death, 8.
Ralph Erghura, bishop of Wells, founder of a
college for priests, called Mountery, or
Mounterox College, 4. ■ erroneously supposed to have
been the founder of the Vicars' Close at
Wells, 4. Rebus of Thomas Beckington, bishop of Bath
and Wells, 18; pi. No. 13. Hugh Sugar, his executor, 7, 14, 16 ;
pi. No. 2, No. 7. Richard Swan, ditto, 7, 14, 16; pi.
No. 2, No. 7. Rib of groining, mouldings of, 43 ; pi. No. 40. Roche of Bromham, Wilts, arms of, 47 ;
pi. No. 52. Rous, William, armiger, 26. of Iraber, Wilts, arras of, 47 ; pi.
No. 25. Roof, oak, ornamental one over a room, the
Vicars' Close at Wells, 22 ; pi. No. 25. over the library of the Vicars' Close at
Wells, 16; pi. No. 8. vicars' dwellings at Wells, 14 ; pi. No. 3.
manor-house. Great Chalfield, Wilts, 41 ;
pi. No. 31. banqueting-hall, Great Chalfield, Wilts,
42; pi. No. 32. South Wraxhall, Wilts,
65 ; pi. No. 69, No. 70. — original, over the guest-chamber at South
Wraxhall, 65 ; pi. No. 70.
INDEX.
91
Roof over the entrance gateway at South Wrax- hall, Wilts, 63; pi. No. 61.
Screen, oak, at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 40, 41, 44; pi. No. 29, No. 31, No. 43, No. 44.
, stone, ditto, 45, 46, 47 ; pi. No. 47,
No. 51, No. 52.
at South Wraxhall, Wilts, 61 ; pi. No.
56—57. Seat, oak, in church at Great Chalfield, Wilts,
47 ; pi. No. 53. Spire, small one terminating the bell-turret,
church at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 46 ;
pi. No. 50. Stables, presumed situation of, at South Wrax- hall, Wilts, 61 ; pi. No. 56—57. Staircase, leading to the common hall of the
Vicars' Close at Wells, 13, 18; pi. No. 1,
No. 13, No. 14. elevation of, 20;
pi. No. 18 — 19.
tion of, 22 ; pi. No. 25.
longitudinal sec-
transverse section
of, 20; pi. No. 21. of the vicars' dwellings at Wells, 14;
pi. No. 3. at Great Chalfield manor-house, Wilts,
40; pi. No. 29. at South Wraxhall manor-house, Wilts,
62 ; pi. No. 56—57. Stillington, bishop of Bath and Wells, his arms,
9, 16; pi. No. 7. Strawberry- leaf ornament on oriel window,
Great Chalfield, Wilts, 42 ; pi. No. 35. Sugar, Hugh, alias Norris, LL.D., treasurer of
Wells, executor of Bishop Beckington, 7,
7,t7.:
, his arms, or rebus, 14, 16 ;
pi. No. 2, No. 7. , his chantry chapel, now existing
in W^ells Cathedral, built by William Bocat, his executor, 7.t
Sugar, Hugh, notice of his life, 7.t
Swan, Richard, precentor of Wells, executor of
Bishop Beckington, 7, 7,* 7.1 , his arms, 14, 16; pi. No. 2,No.7.
Terriers of the living of Great Chalfield, Wilts, 35.*
Tomb: an altar-tomb in the chantry chapel of Corsham Church, Wilts, to the memory of Thomas Tropenell, Esq. and his wife, the projector of the manor-house at Great Chal- field, Wilts, 47, 48 ; pi. No. 54.
: an altar-tomb, supposed to the memory
of the widow of Henry Longe, Esq. of South Wraxhall, Wilts, in the church at South Wraxhall, 54. Woodcut.
Tower, Vicars' Close, Wells, 18; pi. No. 13.
Trevellyan, Sir John, of Nettlecombe Hall, Wiveliscombe, in the county of Somerset, his arms, 8, 8.*
Tropenell, arms of, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 ; pi. No. 32, No. 37, No. 39, No. 40, No. 51, No. 52, No. 54.
, motto of, 31, 44, 48; pi. No. 45.
No. 54.
-, pedigree of, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31.
-, Thomas, 26, 44, 46, 47, 48, 53,
53.t
, his motto, 31, 44, 48.
, projector of the manor- house at Great Chalfield, Wilts, 31. , his tomb inCorsharaChurch,
Wilts, 47, 48 ; pi. No. 54.
Trotraan, .loceline. See Joceline de Welles.
Trowbridge Castle, dispute about the constable- ship, formerly belonging to the manor of Great Chalfield, 24, 26.
Vicars choral attached to the choir of Wells
Cathedral, chantry priests so styled by
Bishop Joceline de Welles, first ordainecj by him, 1,1.*
92
INDEX.
Vicars choral, located in common by Walter de Hulle, subdean of Wells, 1334, I.
, incorporated by Ralph of Shrews- bury, bishop of Wells, 1347 ; and a new college for their residence built by him, 2.
— ^— ^— — — , endowed with lands obtained by
him from the feoffees of Walter de Hulle, together with a yearly charge upon the vicar- age of Chew, 2. , further benefited by Bishop
Beckington, 5; and his executors, 7. , constituted a body corporate
and politic by Queen Elizabeth, 9 ; their numbers restricted by her to twenty, 1 1.
, their dwellings described, 14 —
16; and illustrated in pi. No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7. Vicars' Close at Wells, Somersetshire, historical
account of the, 1 — 12. , descrip- tion of twenty-six Plates illustrative of the, 13—22, viz.
I. general ground-plan, 13; pi.
No. 1.
II. — VI.* the vicars' dwellings, 14 — 16 ;
pi. No. 2—7.
VII. — XI. the chapel and library,
16—18; pi. No. 8—12.
XII. — XXV. the common-hall, entrance
gateway, and the chain- gate, 18 — 22; pi. No. 13—26. — ^— — — — — ^-^ , statutes and or-
dinances of, made by Ralph of Shrewsbury, bishop of Wells, 2 ; Appendix II.
, first founded by
ditto, 2.
lands by ditto, 2.
, endowed with
, a yearly
chargeon the vicarage of Chew, 2. •, original design
of, few traces left of, 3.
W
Walter de Hulle, subdean of Wells, 1334 ; arch- deacon of Bath, 1342; endowed the Vicars' Close with lands, 1.
, feoffees of, 2, 2.||
Warner, the Rev. Richard, rector of Great Chalfield, Wilts, 33, 36, 36.t
Water-tables, 63 ; pi. No. 62.
of buttresses, at Biddeston, Wilts,
71 ; pi. No. 75.
, Great Chalfield,
43 ; pi. No. 40.
Wells, the arms of the see of, 9, 19; pi. No. 16.
at the Vicars' Close at Wells, 13;
pi. No. 1.
Wicket in the door. Great Chalfield manor- house, Wilts, 39, 41 ; pi. No. 31.
William of Wickham, patron of Beckington, 20.
Window of the church of St. Peter at Biddeston, Wilts, 71 ; pi. No. 76.
of the porch of the church of St. Peter,
at Biddeston, 71 ; pi. No. 75.
— — — , square-headed, remains of one under corbelling of octagonal oriel window, Great Chalfield, Wilts, 42, 43 ; pi. No. 37.
, west, of the church, Great Chalfield,
Wilts, 46 ; pi. No. 50.
of the drawing-room at South Wrax-
hall, remarkable for its immense size, 64 ;
pi. No. 64, No. 71. of the bay of the hall at South Wrax-
hall, Wilts, 64; pi. No. 66.
Great Chalfield, Wilts, 42 ; pi. No. 36.
of the hall at South Wraxhall, Wilts,
64 ; pi. No. 67. Great Chalfield, Wilts, 41, 42; pi.
-, grants to, 4,4.*
No. 31, No. 36. Windows, of the original design of the Vicars'
Close at Wells, three remaining, 3, 19, 20,
21 ; pi. No. 15, No. 22, No. 23. chapel of the Vicars' Close at
Wells, coeval with the original design, 3,
17; pi. No. 11.
INDEX.
93
Windows of the vicars' dwellings at Wells, 14, 15 ; pi. No. 2, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6.
library of the Vicars' Close,
Wells, 17; pi. No. 11.
vicars' gallery over the chain-
gate, Wells, 20 ; pi. No. 20. banqueting-hall at Great Chal-
field, Wilts, 41, 42 ; pi. No. 31, No. 36. bays of ditto, 42 ; pi. No. 36.
Worthington, Richard, unjustly and privily in- stalled precentor of Wells, by Hugh Sugar, the treasurer, but afterwards admitted, V.f
Wraxhall, South, Wilts, historical account of the manor-house, 49 — 61.
Wraxhall, South, Wilts, description of seven- teen Plates illustrative of, 61-66 ; pi. No. 55 — 71, viz.
I. perspective view, 61 ; pi. No. 55.
II.— III. ground-plan, 61, 62; pi. No.
56—57.
IV.— V. first-floor plan, 62 ; pi. No. 58
—59.
VI. — IX. the entrance-gateway, 63 ; pi.
No. 60—63.
X.— XVI. the banqueting-hall, &c. 64,
65 ; pi. No. 64 — 70. XVII. perspective view of the drawing- room, 65, 66; pi. No. 71.
THE END.
LO.NDON :
PRINTED BY MOVES AXD BARCLAY, CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE.
DOMESTIC AXCHITECT-JH-E.
GerveraZ
OR.OUND- PLA^'
VICAILS'-CI-O S E, WELL S .
BY rHOMAS LARKlirS WALKER.
ARCHITECT.
jee. Greac&ufseli Streei.
£loom^iiLQ :
LONZIOir.
183 o.
*-=#-**
vr^
B.£ FE RE NCE S.
A. Pafsoge l5 Giapter Eoufie over iJie ?< -t'i.
B . Qiaxixber. 'oader Hell.
C . VajalUng. tinder Kilchea.
J D? . D? G^Slaircase.
Z Eatroaice . frosa the Road. Poich of G: Staircase. • G 42 Vicars d>.-ellin£:s, -■irL -o- .
2 Rooms, a. sm-^ ^ a Gardea
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sec plaies o <fc 6. ,■; Wella.
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UOMSSTIC JtRiL' EHITK-TTURE
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DOME STIC ARCHlTErTURE.
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