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Ld 4 ba ty Weey, | Wy My : wt oy Beal try aay aeuye Ler -~ CC ShE ) Wika Ltt atef i Wyk ‘ Nad es |! be by wig "Viy SOUS ip ch} ers fe] 1) TELL IM Tr nee “f le la? een = ine s yt bee vir Wain Vien PSR pier beets 111 LO eh A es hd + Ad ht || ay me va LN add (Uh 5 a "Theta | bs a wi git ns © w a f e od TiN "Ure uN ave hag My TOO WNL TO | || nee eve oul seg eaQyee vi acoag eer teentty meant ay - Oar) vey, tine aren | mor ure ey tt Abi a [ais ow MURS 1 uh ML cone ee LY done) a atall SL AA Pd, ~ ides ae A i Yo APs APO Ay Wee ar ‘ ri 3) , a LAN ita 5 i ay ; hs ¥" oe ae i = aA ss OH SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 72, NUMBER 15 EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD-WORK OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION IN 1921 cane” eae INC, RS OE ic ay BS. 3 g2cEANo'o.4 P>* Oder 3 CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1922 Q ‘SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS | VOLUME 72, NUMBER 15 _¢ Vv) 74,19 S¢ v.76, 70 107 ) EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD-WORK OF THE SMITHSONTAN INSTITUTION IN 192];-19 232 eee Xf if Sty tuys (PUBLICATION 2669) c 2 7Il, (' 2 PAA IG) ) 4 At tele ye: lone! Muse GITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1922 (7% +43 The Lord Baltimore Mreas BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. CONTENTS PAGE Ilsa\( inte oUt NiO) CIN eN ods eo cio oc NGE ROS CrcRoes ICCC IRR ee RP are eee ech Cnr eer e e I Geolosical Explorations in) the (Ganadian) Rockies. ....4....56-.7+s2see- I Paleontological Field-Work in the United States...................000%. 22 mstrophysical Field-Work in Arizona and! in’ Chilej........-.52..-..0+-s 30 Botamicale expeditions tomtie Orientass soso siete cen eae nen 33 Biological Exploration ini the Dominican Republics. .2....0.-+--+-..5+20 44 lESqursrnnvemey abel alStsaltny mole cao Coco momkie cl asec onmned teem ootid ac cen cman 47 Entomolooicallsaxpeditom torAlaskaden ssmereriincmeiae ascites reece se 52 Archeological Field-Work on the Mesa Verde National Park............ 64 Archeological Collecting in the Dominican Republic..................... 83 Archeological Reconnaissance of the Cahokia and Related Mound Groups. 92 Archeological Investigations at Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico............. 106 Archeological Field-Work in South Dakota and Missouri................ 117 Field-Work on the Kiowa, Pueblo, and California Indians................ 125 Archeological Field-Work on the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania...... 127 BXPLORATIONS AND, FIELD-WORK OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION IN 1921 INTRODUCTION The exploration and field-work conducted by the Smithsonian In- stitution is one of the means employed for the “ increase and diffusion ’ the purpose of the Institution as stipulated in the will of James Smithson, its founder. Attention is directed whenever possible to regions which have previously been imperfectly explored from a scientific point of view, and during the seventy-five years of its existence, the Institution’s field parties have been able to make notable additions to existing knowledge as well as to provide vast col- lections of biological, zoological, and anthropological material for the exhibition and study series of the United States National Museum, a branch of the Institution. During the past year, the effectiveness of the Institution’s limited funds for this work has been so reduced by the prevailing high costs that it was not possible to take part in as many expeditions as is customary. The more important of those which did take the field are briefly described in the present pamphlet, which serves as an announce- ment of the results obtained, many of the expeditions being later treated more fully in the various series of publications under the direc- tion of the Institution. The photographs here reproduced were for the most part taken by the field-workers themselves. of knowledge,’ GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS.IN THE CANADIAN ROCKIES The geological work by Secretary Charles D. Walcott in the Canadian Rockies was in continuation of that of the field seasons of 1919, 1920, for the purpose of securing data on the pre-Devonian strata of the Sawback range in Ranger Brook Canyon, and a recon- naissance of the pre-Devonian formations to the northwest as far as the headwaters of the North Fork of the Saskatchewan River, Alberta. The season was an unusually cold and stormy one. The party started with a pack train from Banff, June 30, and returned September 30. During this period there were 35 stormy days, 28 cloudy and cold days (20° to 45°) and more or less snow fell on 20 days in August and SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. VOL. 72, No. 15 Fic. 1.—Panoramic view from south side of Saskatchewan River looking west up the river toward Mounts Outram (10,670') and Forbes (12,102) ; Glacier Lake canyon, and on right across the North Fork, Survey Peak and unnamed mountains to the north. Locality: The view is from a point about 47 miles (75.2 km.) northwest of Lake Louise Station on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Alberta, Canada. (C. D. Walcott, 1921.) Y ce - 7 ° 7 oo a a on - ‘5 . - 1 a ’ i 7" , : : ty oy oD ’ , ’ . ae ' : we ; = pags : ed a = i - a —_— me y _ " , an 1 7 J : — i / ” a - ’ 7 oO wi) = CIZOL ‘WOIVAA “CD SII PuB “AP) “BpRUB) ‘RyIoq;y ‘Aemyrey oyloeg UvIpeUe) ay} UO UNIS asInoy] ayry] jo JSvayJAOU SUT] Ue ue UL (‘WY QT) SopiU Sg aye] s9yxVq Jo ysvo A]POIIIP Spi MOT B UO SEM BIdUIRD dT, -CYDIOT ‘JYst1 oy} uo urejyunop Jeyeq pure ‘As[eA MOG ssO19e dURISIP UL Syvag Uday, IY} ! (4sea) FFE] : ; ASS v3 pe ee dy} UO asueY YORGqMeS oy} JO souojsouN] URTIquIey 1sddqQ peusanjdn YUM Yooly Jayeq uUMOP YINos Suryooy—z ‘yn] COLLECTIONS OUS tLLANE MISCI SMITHSONIAN N (‘1z61 ‘ WOSTBAN "Gl = s ITT DUP ‘ATAT) ‘epeuey ‘eliodaiyv ‘AeMITeM OUIDeT UPeIDeUeD 9U1 UO UOTNRIC JSINO'T Fic. 3—Up Southeast s Locality: } 4. Fic. Locality: Thi Fic. 3.—Upturned Devonian, Ordovician, and Cambrian strata southwest of Badger Pass, at head of Cascade Creek and northeast of canyon of Johnson Creek. Locality: Southeast side of canyon leading up from Johnson Creek to Badger Pass in Sawback Range. Position of camera about ten miles in air line east of Lake Louise Station on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Alberta, Canada. (C. D. Walcott, 1921.) Oe ok — e+ oe: Fc. 4—Thompson Pass on Continental Divide. Mountain on south (left) Mt. Rice (10.745’), and on north (right) Mt. Bryce (11,000’) and glaciers. Locality: Thompson Pass about 63 miles (101.3 km.) northwest of Lake Louise Station on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Alberta, Canada. (C. D. Walcott, 1921.) 7 Shree ae +s ry &:: J AE ee « is + sD ott Digi b =e Me wt ; Pm = : : hy i ee » » 7 ~ Pe ti -: P's ~ : ~~ - ae as! : 7 Bones : & «? e; i a P = i 4 7 a i i os ae 3 ’ a « . > age - j 7 ' . ; ee ® en 17 * 7 * ) Lan 7 - . i it ~ a) « ‘ jase : * : 7 ° a L en ee es a i Os ens Con nr bi = . td 1921 EXPLORATIONS, SMITHSONIAN (‘1z61 ‘OTe AA -C “OD SAIN pue Af) ‘“epeuer) ‘eVloq VW ‘ABMILBY OYLOV ueIPeURy 94} UO UOT}EIS dsInoT aye] FO ysvoy}soU (‘wy gg) Sot Sor Node JATY 199q_ Ppey FO proy ay} FO apis You JY} WOIF Udye} Mor A 1XQUDIOT ‘sado]s Uto}sSva 19MOT UO SOUOJSOUNT UPIIquIe) pur URINAOPIQ) YPM “SHITO Joddn wWaAo0f SoUOSOLUT]T UBIUOAD(] “JUST ay} uo sse[ shod ay AA pue ey 94} uo ssepsnoq, sprjq YIM ‘yqiou ay} Wort (,S10'11) Ssvpsnocq ay Vel 9) a (‘Iz6I ‘ooeM ‘Q'D ‘SAIN pue spy) ‘epeuey ‘eyasquy ‘Aemprey oyloeg ueipeues oy} UO UOT}e}G ASINO'T aye] JO svoyIOU (“WY Q’OI) Safiw SOI ynoqe JOANT Joaq Peay JO peay sy} JO apis YOU dy} WOT, dye} MAIA 2 Ay1YIOT N IN “TO}P] oy }1OJSIP pue ayduins95 O} SP OS ase UPIOTAODP.AC) 5) 10 UeIUOAIC] jo SoUO}SIUIT] Ayeys pue peppered uly} jo sseul ®& JSUIRSe (puey JUSI1) JSIOMUINOS oy Wott PI910 Ff Uda] 2 sey 9U0 SOUT] UeTIqUIe’) Jodd jo peq pb esee! eG YoryM suoje ULeJUNO TY 1dqsAqy jo puso Uj1ou uo qe SHAY [—'9 “OTST WY) Zi ‘e) I FA a 4 4 © iS) io) ©) oe) ea} < a = Zz. < ie) n a YN) (‘1z6r Woe “GC ‘D) “epeuey ‘eysoqry ‘Aemjrey oyloeg uelpeued) ay} UO UOT}e}S asInoyT oye] JO Jseoy}IOU OUT] Te UB Ul (WY QL) Solu Sg aye] Joye FO jsva A[}OIIIP 9Splt MOT & UO SeAA BIOWIRD BY, AY DIOT ‘(,o1S'6) ulejUNoPY 310, (JOT) J WIZ Ssotoe pue (,090'01) YRIg URSIWIIeg ‘UIeJUNOP [Isso.t Jo Yoeq °(,$$96) ure}y -uNOP ISSO. JYSII uO pue (,0z'Z) ureyuNoy Jaye Ie] ay} UO “aYAeT] Jaye JIAO }sOM SUIYOOT MOIA DWIeIOUeG—Z “DIY SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, 1921 NO. 15 6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 72 September. While on the trail 30 camps were made, but owing to weather conditions and to the fact that the snow remained on the slopes and cliffs above timber line, a relatively small amount of productive work was accomplished. The section studied near the head of Ranger Brook Canyon of the Sawback Range about 12 miles (19.3 km.) northwest of Banff, was from the base of the Devonian limestones down through the post- Cambrian (Ozarkian) Mons formation and the subjacent Lyell and Sullivan * formations of the Upper Cambrian. Fic. 8—Camp on the lower eastern slope of Fossil Mountain looking north toward the head of Red Deer River. The character of the formations is indicated by figures 2 and 3, which show the southwesterly slope of the highly inclined beds (45° to 70°) and the saw-tooth-like effect caused by the unequal rate of erosion of the massive bands of limestone and the softer, more friable sandy and clay shales. Towards the northwest end of the Sawback range at the Red Deer River the Black and White Douglass mountains stand high above the surrounding ridges. (Fig. 5.) Oyster Mountain *See Exploration pamphlet for roto, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., Vol. 72, INOs 1, 1020) p» 15: 1921 EXPLORATIONS, SMITHSONIAN ue 0} Sutjurod st Hoe “SAIN “IOALY “SaT[eA dy} sAOqe YSIY SuLIvos a[Sva Idd] PeY FO ssoyeMpevay ay} OF oye] Joye MOOG WOAF YIIOU SuLyOO]—6 ‘SIT 8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 72 (fig. 6) has been cut out by erosion from the limestones between Douglass and Fossil mountains, and figure 6 illustrates the crumpling of shaly limestones by thrusting of a series of massive limestone strata against them during the period of displacement of the great series of formations of this part of the Cordilleran ranges. Fossil Mountain, named from the presence of Devonian corals, is about 9 miles (14.4 km.) northeast of Lake Louise Station and faces Baker Creek Pass on the east. It has a good section of Devonian and Fic. 10—Wild flower camp on northwest side of Johnson Creek Pass. (Mrs. Mary V. Walcott, 1921.) pre-Devonian rocks on its eastern slope. There is a fine outlook from camp at the east foot of the mountain. The broad U-shaped valley (fig. 9) between Fossil and Ovyster mountains has been eroded in the shale and thin bedded limestones that pass beneath Fossil Mountain; this formation is one of those in the Sawback Range that is readily worn away, with the result that the agencies of erosion followed by the glaciers have made a valley al- together disproportionate to the present erosion agencies, water, frost and snow. At a camp in the heart of the Sawback Range on a tributary of Baker Creek leading up to Johnson Pass there was a wonderful NO 5 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, IQ2I 9 exhibit of wild flowers in bloom. Mrs. Walcott counted 82 species within a short distance of the tents. A spring-fed pond supplied camp water ; dead pines and spruce, firewood; and a grass covered snow- slide slope, abundant feed for the horses. The moss pink (fig. 11) and the beautiful Dryas octopetala were very abundant, but heavy frosts in August killed nearly all the plants and few of the flowers went to seed. On our way north we crossed over Pipestone Pass and down the Siffleur River. Clearwater River heads in glacial gravels on the east side of the Siffleur about two miles north of Pipestone Pass. Figure 13 is a view looking west through the Clearwater Pass and across to the high cliffs on the western side of Siffleur Canyon. Twenty-five miles further to the northwest at the point where the south branch (Mistaya Creek), the middle branch (Howse River), and the north branch unite to form the Saskatchewan River, there are some beautiful and instructive views of the surrounding mountains. Figure 1 (frontispiece) is a fine view of the head of the river, with Howse River in the left background and the North Fork beyond the island on the right. The Mount Forbes massif on the left is a superb mountain mass and in the distant center is Division Mountain at the head of Glacier Lake Canyon which we visited in 1919; on the right Survey Peak and beyond two unnamed points. The Glacier Lake section of the pre-Devonian and Upper Cambrian formations was studied on the northern slopes of the Mount Forbes massif as illus- trated by figure I (frontispiece) of the Smithsonian exploration pamphlet for 1919,’ and the rugged cliffs and peak of Mount Forbes are shown by text figure 14 of the present number. Twelve miles northeast of Mount Forbes the cliffs of Mount Murchison (fig. 15) rise high above the dark forested slopes and present a view of the Devonian and pre-Devonian formations that is unequalled in all this region of peaks, cliffs and broad canyon valleys. Opposite Mount Murchison on the north side of the Saskatchewan, Mount Wilson (fig. 16) presents another section of the pre-Devonian formations, the upper end of which is a massive white quartzite formed of the sands of the beaches over which the Devonian Sea deposited thick layers of calcareous sediments abounding in the remains of corals and various invertebrates of the time. On the west, Mount Wilson rises directly above the North Fork of the Saskatchewan which here flows through a narrow picturesque inner canyon (fig. 17). Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 72, No. 1. IO SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. is) NI Fic. 11—Moss pink in Johnson Creek Pass. Fic. 12.—Dryas octopetala below Johnson Creek Pass. Mit (‘oz61 ‘HOIeM “CG ‘D) ‘epeuen ‘eyoqry ‘Aemjrey oyloed UvIpeur) dy} UO UOT}ILYS asInoT 9yxeT oy} FO }SOM (ZI Y}IOU oul] Ue UL UT (WY QE) Sopiut Iz ynoqge st UOKUe) JOATY TOJBMIVI[D JO pRay ey} Je optaArp oy, /A72/DI07T ‘sseg ouoysodig JO you (Wy Ze) salu c ynoqe a1v YIM ‘syIoT UCLIqUIE) OLPPHNL JO SIO Ysry ayy 0} UOAULD JOATY AMIYJIS ssorse WOAURD) JIATY JoWeMIBT) FO peey oy} YySnosy} dn paemysam suryoo[—etl “oy EXPLORATIONS, 1921 SMITHSONIAN NO. 15 ' (6161 HOMEM “CT *D SAN pueapy) “epeuey ‘epioqyy ‘Aemprey oytoeg uvipeurs ay} uo UOI}R}S asino7y] ayvT JO JSoMI1OU CUY B94) Sait gh ynoqe ‘ayxvy] ssfoR[H aaoqe yeag Aaaing jo adoys ssddn ay} WOT, St APPROOT ay] ASTRA UOAUBT) IPT JOBE) FO PUS JaMO] 9Y} Sso1de SuIyxOO] ‘yJIOU ay} WIZ UVES se saqio, JUNO;W—'TFI 3) 0 ae SCTIONS COLLI OUS LLANE MISCI SMITHSONIAN 13 1921 EXPLORATIONS, SMITHSONIAN J =) (1z6I 91072 ‘Q ‘D ‘SIN pure ‘JV) ‘“epeued * ueIPeURD dq} UO UOT}L}S asInoT aye] WOT} JSAM AI UPMOYI}eASeS IY} JO apis YOU ay} Wor] ( 4 OOSsim) hu elioquy ‘Aem[Iey 9 fiou (uy z°$Z) satu Zp ynoqe jutod & WoOIZ St MOA oY, SApIDI07 “OTS LOSTYIIN GY JUNOT — Hed “CT } in Seite with VOL; 72 COLLECTIONS OUS ELLANE MISCI SMITHSONIAN 14 ‘QUO}SOUNT URIUOAIG, Y4Aep Aq padded ozizjrenb uosyi A JUNOP, dy} JO powsOF 91e YYSII oY UO SYD runs sy fT “YIOos ay} WOAF UOSTI AA JUNOJY—OI “OT C1z61 “‘}oIJBM “C ‘D ‘SAIN pue ay) “epeuey ‘ezsaqry ‘ABMIILY SYPeT UeIPBURT) oY} WO MOBS asInoTy aye] wosf Jsamyjsou (wy g/) sapim Seb jnoqy /AQ1DIOT “UOSTIM JUNOPYT pseMO}j seo Sulddip sauojs -aluty ApeySs uvliquiey sodd~) ae syoor oy, “(AAR ASMOFT) YIO PIPPIN 94} YIM sozrun Y410.47 YON 34} JTOYM JIAO EB ( “ULY Ol) OpTur o9u0 ynoqde JIATYY UPMOIYIJEYSCS ot} jo IOV UJION oy jo S][e.J— ZI “OTH Lo) 1921