pecratar Seats Eoeetict : ~ s = : = : aa a LH nn er Ss _ wv ? : - 7 aT) 7 oo” - . of - ; saa = “4 as -_ ‘ a bik $e 7 : ‘y a aa ; es ur yy 1 — 7 + > a : - a4 - . , ' 7 | — ‘ Gg 7 . a a 4! a a ay ; 7 - Ui 7 7 A} _ *] - ay) ‘ i ‘ et | 7 _ FAC SIMILES OF LETTERS die _ FROM HIS EXCELLENCY = a - s . . ; . - . ¥ * GEORGE WASHINGTON, © - é . oo ror S phe yew iS ‘SIR JOHN SINCLAIR, BART., M. P. Rt ee Danse [reat Fase! TAC SIMLEMS OF LETTERS FROM HIS EXCELLENCY GEORGE WASHINGTON, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, TO SIR JOHN SINCLAIR, BART,, M. P. AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER INTERESTING TOPICS; ENGRAVED FROM THE ORIGINAL LETTERS, SO AS TO BE AN EXACT FAC SIMILE OF THE HAND-WRITING. WASHINGTON: PUBLISHED BY FRANKLIN KNIGHT. E. G. DORSEY, PRINTER, PHILADELPHIA. 1844. * SEPP Y Ve 2: TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES, THE FOLLOWING LEED EBS; WRITTEN BY THE ILLUSTRIOUS WASHINGTON, WHO MUST EVER BE REVERED, AS AN HONOUR TO THE COUNTRY WHERE HE WAS BORN, AND AN ORNAMENT TO HUMAN NATURE, ARE RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, BY THEIR SINCERE FRIEND, AND WELL-WISHER, JOHN SINCLAIR. 4 Y ya re VY Sts JP 0 0LLD AOD, afferOep2 5 OK. SAAT. 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Cont rcbi diotri, guar, WALLS Pome This a yee Movtpefe of 7K. Cron arte afiert tn Leduciae Aa gore lard shh Cor er — i a Px : y oe ae Bes Zz lege SEZ eles dane ees CESASTEE. or CpA€ BrowlAg Fo pee ee ae ee lroterze tale UKE Cyprrectcaal Jur tgs a WiRCE IG Xv ee BLE tee Pals ele fea fi Kae Aye a Compleat Ae ofihin. and f a ATE Brgye Bette A acccr?d Pyl aoe aw ct Prem ft -bMacocnala a few fe De ee oe ee ie CR. o~ ye ee ae S a XKVEAZ Aha a Wet gitar he Aba AS Kid BH, SP pe ee x 269229, pe egiegs Yo Lea ae A lalate — ORE oe aes eae Soni “NOLDMUIS WAL MO HALO d., GUA ON THE CHARACTER OF GENERAL WASHINGTON. Wuoever has perused the preceding Letters will, I trust, concur with me in the following reflections. 1. That nothing could possibly place the character of this distinguished statesman in a more estimable light, than that of beholding the same individual, whose military exploits had spread his fame over the universe, and who had been invested with supreme power in the country where he was born, in the midst of all his various public avocations, carrying on an extensive correspondence with the native of a distant country, on agricultural and other general inquiries of a similar nature. 2. That those who are blest with a reflecting and philosophic mind, must contemplate with pleasure and delight a person, elevated by the voice of his fellow- citizens to the summit of political authority, who, instead of wishing to aggrandize himself, and to extend his power, was anxiously bent to quit that situation, to which so many others would have fondly aspired, and to return to the comfort and enjoyment of private life; belying thus the insinuations of those malignant spirits who are perpetually railing against the talents and virtues which, conscious of wanting themselves, they do not believe that others can possess. 3. Is there, on the whole, any individual, either in ancient or modern history, who has prouder claims to distinction and pre-eminence, than the great character ~ ‘ 62 whose letters this volume contains? His military talents were early celebrated; first in the service of Great Britain, and afterwards in that of America. His powers as a statesman, and as the founder of a Constitution, which, with British prejudices, I may consider as inferior to our own, but which promises to secure the happiness of the great nation it was formed to govern, cannot possibly be questioned. His public virtue, as the uncorrupted magistrate of a free people, who reluctantly received supreme authority, when it was judged necessary for the public good for him to assume it, and who anxiously wished to resign it into their hands, when it could be done with public safety, can hardly be equalled in history. His literary endowments were unquestionably of a superior order. His letters in this collection, his addresses to the American Congress, and his farewell oration when he quitted, for the last time, the Presidency of the United States, are models of each species of composition. His closing a well-spent life, after a short illness, without having his strength or faculties impaired by any previous disorder, or any untoward circumstances having occurred that could materially affect his feelings, or could possibly tarnish his fame, is an uncommon instance of good fortune. The scene in which he acted also, and the object which he achieved, are the most memorable which history furnishes. For it was such a man alone, who, by combining the force and commanding the confidence of thirteen separate states, could have dissolved those ties which subjected America to Europe, and to whom the political separation of two worlds is to be attributed. But, above all, what distinguished this celebrated warrior and statesman is, that to all those military and public talents, and to those literary endowments, which are so rarely united in the same person, he added the practice of every virtue that could adorn the private individual. It were in vain for me to attempt adequately to express the ideas I entertain of a character, in every respect so peculiarly splendid. The pen of the 63 immortal Shakspeare- is alone competent to the task, and on the tombstone of the illustrious Wasuinerton let it be engraved— His life was gentle, and the elements So mix’d in him, that Nature might stand up And say to all the world,— This was a man, take him for all in all, We shall not look upon his like again.* * Julius Cesar, Act V. Scene 5; and Hamlet, Act I. Scene 2. A TRUE AND BEAUTIFUL PORTRAIT OF THE CHARACTER OF GENERAL WASHINGTON, BY THE LATE HONORABLE GEORGE CANNING, PRIME MINISTER OF ENGLAND. GeNERAL WasHINGTON was, we believe, in his sixty-eighth year. The height of his person was about five-feet eleven; his chest full, and his limbs, though rather slender, well shaped and muscular. His head was small, in which respect he resembled the make of a great number of his countrymen. His eyes were of a very light grey colour; and, in proportion to the length of his face, his nose was long. Mr. Stewart, the eminent portrait painter, used to say, there were features in his face totally different from what he had ever observed in that of any other human being; the sockets of his eyes, for instance, were larger than he had ever met with before, and the upper part of the nose broader. All his features, he observed, were indicative of the strongest passions, yet, like Socrates, his judgment, and great self-command, have always made him appear a man of different character in the eyes of the world. He always spoke with great diffidence, and sometimes hesitated for a word, but it was always to find one particularly well calculated to express his meaning. His language was manly and expressive. At 65 levee, his discourse with strangers turned principally upon the subject of America; and if they had been through any remarkable places, his conversation was free and particularly interesting, for he was intimately acquainted with every part of the country. He was much more open and free in his behaviour at the levee than in private, and in the company of ladies, still more so, than when solely with men. Few persons ever found themselves for the first time in the company of General Wasuineton, without being impressed with a certain degree of veneration and awe; nor did those emotions subside on a closer acquaintance; on the contrary, his person and deportment, were such, as rather tended to augment them. The whole range of history does not present to our view, a character, upon which we can dwell with such entire and unmixed admiration. The long life of General Wash- ington, is not stained by a single blot. He was indeed a man of such rare endowments, and such fortunate temperament. that every action he performed, was alike exempted from the character of vice or weakness. Whatever he said, or did, or wrote, was stamped with a striking and peculiar propriety. All his qualities were so happily blended, and so nicely harmonized, that the result was a great and perfect whole; the powers of his mind, and the dispositions of his heart, were admirably suited to each other. It was the union of the most consummate prudence, with the most perfect moderation. His views, though large and liberal, were not extravagant; his virtues, though compre- hensive and beneficent, were discriminating, judicious, and practical; yet his character, though regular and uniform, possessed none of the littleness which may sometimes belong to those descriptions of men. It was formed a majestic pile, the effect of which was not impaired, but improved by order and symmetry; there was nothing in it to dazzle by wildness, or surprise by eccentricity. It was a higher 66 species of moral beauty; it contained everything great and elevated, but it had no false and tinsel ornament; it was not the model cried up by fashion and circum- stance; its excellence was adapted to the true and just moral taste, incapable of change from the varying accidents of manners and opinions. General W asuineron is not the Idol of a day, but the Hero of ages! Placed in circumstances of the most trying difficulty at the beginning of the American contest, he accepted that situation which was pre-eminent in danger and responsibility. His perseverance overcame every obstacle, conciliated every opposition; his genius supplied every resource. His enlarged views could plan, revise, and improve every branch of civil and military operation. He had the superior courage which can act, or forbear to act, as true policy dictates, careless of the reproaches of ignorance, | either in power, or out of power. He knew how to conquer by waiting in spite of obloquy, for the moment of yictory, and he merited true praise by despising unmerited censure. In the most arduous movements of the contest, his prudent firmness proved the salvation of the cause which he supported. His conduct was on all occasions guided by the most pure disinterestedness. Far superior to low and groyelling motives, he seemed even to be uninfluenced by that ambitionewhich has justly been called, the instinct of great souls. He acted ever as if his country’s welfare, and that alone, was the moving spring. His excellent mind needed not even the stimulus of ambition, or the prospect of fame. Glory was but a secondary consideration. He performed great actions, he persevered in a course of laborious utility, with an equanimity that neither sought distinction, nor was flattered by it; his reward was in the consciousness of his rectitude, and in the success of his patriotic efforts. 67 As his elevation to the chief power was the unbiassed choice of his countrymen, his exercise of it was agreeable to the purity of its origin; as he had neither solicited nor usurped dominion, he had neither to contend with rivals, nor the revenge of enemies. As his authority was undisputed, so it required no jealous precautions, no rigorous severity. His government was mild and gentle; it was beneficent and liberal; it was wise and just; his prudent administration, consolidated and enlarged the dominion of an infant republic. In voluntarily resigning the Magistracy which he had filled with such distinguished honour, he enjoyed the unequalled satisfaction of leaving to the state, he had contributed to establish, the fruits of his wisdom, and the example of his virtues. It is some consolation amidst the violence of ambition, and the criminal thirst of power, of which so many instances occur around us, to find a character whom it is honourable to admire, and virtuous to imitate. A conqueror for the freedom of his country! a legislator for its security! a magistrate for its happiness! his glories were never sullied by those excesses into which the highest qualities are apt to degenerate. With the greatest virtues, he was exempt from the corresponding vices. He was a man in whom the elements seemed so blended, that “Nature might have stood up to all the world,” and owned him as her work. His fame, bound to no country, will be confined to no age. The character of General Wasnineton, which his contemporaries regret and admire, will be transmitted to posterity, and the memory of his virtues, while patriotism and virtue are held sacred among men, will remain undiminished! Peace to the memory of a man of Worth! APPENDIX. No. I. THE FOLLOWING IS AN OFFICIAL AND PARTICULAR ACCOUNT OF THE ILLNESS AND DEATH OF THE ILLUSTRIOUS WASHINGTON, AS PUBLISHED BY THE PHYSICIANS WHO ATTENDED HIM. Some time in the night of Friday, the 13th December, having been exposed to a rain on the preceding day, General Wasnincron was attacked with an inflam- matory affection of the upper part of the windpipe, called in technical language, cynanche trachealis. The disease commenced with a violent ague, accompanied with some pain in the upper and fore part of the throat, a sense of stricture in the same part, a cough, and a difficult rather than a painful deglutition, which were soon succeeded by fever, and a quick and laborious respiration. The necessity of blood-letting suggesting itself to the General, he procured a bleeder in the neighbourhood, who took from his arm, in the night, twelve or fourteen ounces of blood. He would not by any means be prevailed upon by the family to send for the attending physician till the following morning, who arrived at Mount Vernon at about eleven o’clock on Saturday. Discovering the case to be highly alarming, and foreseeing the fatal tendency of the disease, two consulting physicians were immediately sent for, who arrived, one at half after three, the other at four o’clock in the afternoon. In the interim were employed two copious bleedings, a blister was applied to the part affected, two moderate doses of calomel were given, and an 8 . 70 injection was administered, which operated on the lower intestines—but all without any perceptible advantage, the respiration becoming still more difficult and dis- tressing. Upon the arrival of the first of the consulting physicians, it was agreed, as there were yet no signs of accumulation in the bronchial vessels of the lungs, to try the result of another bleeding, when about thirty-two ounces of blood were drawn, without the smallest apparent alleviation of the disease. Vapours of vinegar and water were frequently inhaled; ten grains of calomel were given, succeeded by repeated doses of emetic tartar, amounting in all to five or six grains, with no other effect than a copious discharge from the bowels. The powers of life seemed now manifestly yielding to the force of the disorder. Blisters were applied to the extremities, together with a cataplasm of bran and vinegar to the throat. Speaking, which was painful from the beginning, now became almost impracticable; respiration grew more and more contracted and imperfect, till half after eleven o’clock on Saturday night, retaining the full possession of his intellect, when he expired without a struggle. He was fully impressed at the beginning of his complaint, as well as through every succeeding stage of it, that its conclusion would be mortal; submitting to the several exertions made for his recovery rather as a duty, than from any expectation of their efficacy. He considered the operations of death upon his system as coeval with the disease; and several hours before his decease, after repeated efforts to be understood, succeeded in expressing a desire that he might be permitted to die without interruption. “A During the short period of his illness, he economized his time in the arrangement of such few concerns as required his attention, with the utmost serenity, and anticipated his approaching dissolution with every demonstration of that equanimity for which his whole life has been so uniformly and singularly conspicuous. JAMES CRAIK, Attending Physician. ELISHA C. DICK, Consulting Physician. é 72 No. II. Tue melancholy event of General Wasuineron’s Death was announced to the President of the United States in the following Letter from Mr. Lear, who is mentioned by the General in his Letter of July 20th, 1794. Mount Vernon, Dec. 16, 1799. Sir, Ir is with inexpressible grief that I have to announce to you the death of the great and good General Wasuineron. He died last evening between ten and eleven o’clock, after a short illness of about twenty-four hours. His disorder was an inflammatory sore throat, which proceeded from a cold, of which he made but little complaint on Friday. On Saturday morning about three o’clock he became ill. Dr. Dick attended him in the morning, and Dr. Cram, of Alexandria, and Dr. Brown, of Port Tobacco, were soon after called in. Every medical assistance was afforded, but without the desired effect. His last scene corresponded with the whole tenor of his life. Not a groan, not a complaint escaped him in extreme distress. With perfect resignation, and a full possession of his reason, he closed his well spent life. TOBIAS LEAR. The President of the United States. It is unnecessary to add, that the intelligence of this distressing event was rapidly spread throughout all America, and received with the deepest symptoms of sorrow and regret; nor was there any part of Europe, where those who felt any respect for integrity and virtue, did not consider the death of General WasnineTon as a public calamity. RB 136. = if % oo ee F s Aa : Se, = ~ pouss BROS. Y: LIBRARY GINDING , ee 3 S 5