FARM ACCOUNT BOOK 630.4 C212 P 5122 1979 c.3 Agriculture Canada a /UJ a: o uunnni * As?? ijeswhare D3 > " ^' Gwesfe 50 -< - • -J i OB DEP*.??T''-"?'-,.'"tiI CIW? * nfo^r- sir j' UN CARLING BLDG. 6 OTTAWA ONTA :.d ■H IE IT <1A OC3 LIBRARY - Mi ML .IOTHEQUE O c m FARM ACCOUNT BOOK FARM ACCOUNT BOOK Prepared by the Atlantic Agricultural Economics Committee, and originally published under the title, ** Atlantic Farm Account Book. Available from Information Services, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa K1 A 0C7 © Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1979 ISBN: 0-662-10642-3 Cat. No. A22-91/1979 Printed 1979 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 - 6 PARTI Inventory and Depreciation Schedules 7-14 Farm Income 1 5 - 29 Farm Expenses 30-67 Farm Records 68-75 Farm Balance Sheet 76 Farm Income Statement 77 Farm Business Analysis 78 PART II Livestock Enterprise 79 Map of Farm 80 Crop Record 81 Farm Produce Used in Home 82-83 Unpaid Family Labor 82 Value of Board of Hired Help 83 Farm Budget 84-85 Supplementary Notes 86 Income Tax Statements 87-88 INTRODUCTION Good office procedure and an organized bookkeeping system can pay big dividends, not only in monetary terms, but also in terms of satisfaction. The following are some steps to follow: GENERAL 1. Set up a CURRENT ACCOUNT with your banker and obtain a DEPOSIT BOOK. 2. Pay as many of your bills as possible by CHEQUE. 3. Get slips for any CASH transactions. INCOME 1. DEPOSIT all income in the CURRENT ACCOUNT in the SAME FORM and AMOUNT in which it was received. 2. PLACE all farm receipts in a holding file (envelope, spike, or reg- ular file) for recording. CHECK all receipts with supporting vouchers for accuracy. 3. INCOME can be recorded in the record book from the deposit book or from the vouchers. 4. ONCE recording has been completed, FILE all receipts in order of date. Separate files can be kept for major accounts, product types or enter- prises. EXPENSES 1. PLACE all farm bills in a holding file (envelope, spike, or regular file) for payment and recording. 2. As each CHEQUE is written, it should be numbered in SEQUENT- IAL ORDER and details of payment including PAYEE, PURPOSE, and DOLLAR AMOUNT be recorded on the CHEQUE STUB. 3. As each cheque is WRITTEN, or at another appropriate time, the DETAILS should be RECORDED in the record book. 4. The bills paid by cheque should then be FILED in order of date along with supporting vouchers. Separate files may be kept for major bills, type of expenses or enterprises. 5. BILLS which have been paid by CASH should be RECORDED in the book and FILED as above. 6. RECONCILE the BANK STATEMENT each month to ensure no mistakes were made by you or the bank in relation to the transactions. 7. Each MONTH enter in the record book all PAYMENTS, EX- PENSES, ITEMS or INCOME which appear on the BANK STATEMENT but are not recorded on the cheque stubs or deposit book (interest, service charges, loan payments). 8. FILE all BANK STATEMENTS in order of date. PERSONAL 1. WRITE yourself a cheque for money to be used for PERSONAL USE. 2. If PERSONAL CASH is used to pay FARM BILLS, REIMBURSE yourself with a cheque. NON-FINANCIAL 1. As all NON-FINANCIAL CORRESPONDENCE PAPERS come in put them in separate FILES for future reference. 2. If future reference is required, PLACE in permanent fding system. 3. When NO future reference is required, place in WASTE PAPER BASKET. OFFICE HINTS A few steps taken before making the first entry in this book will go a long way towards making the collection and organization of information much easier. These steps involve the organization of an office for the farm business. The office need not be elaborate, or fancy. However, a small area set aside for this purpose will make record keeping faster and easier. The office should be quiet, comfortable and well lit. Following is a list of office equip- ment which might be useful: Desk and two chairs Telephone and telephone index Adding Machine Typewriter Filing Cabinet and File Folders Bookshelves Correspondence Trays - one for financial data, and one for all other information Large Wastebasket Stapler Pencil Sharpener USING THIS BOOK The purpose of this book is to assist the farmer in keeping orderly records of farm transactions. It is basically divided in two parts. Part 1 in- cludes all the financial records. Part 1 1 covers a series of records which are not strictly financial, but which will provide information which will assist in evaluating and planning various farm programs. This book accomodates a twelve-month accounting period. This ac- counting period can start at any time, but it should remain constant from year to year. The calendar year is often chosen for farm businesses because it allows for evaluation of the year's record before the spring planting time. The first task, at the beginning of the accounting period, is to take an inventory of all farm assets. This information should be recorded on pages 9 to 14. Two other sections of this book should be filled out on the first day. One of these is the farm plan on page 80. A picture of the farm, outlining the various fields, should be drawn, with each field numbered. Future crop- ping plans should be outlined. The last section needing attention on the first day is the one dealing with accounts payable and accounts receivable, on pages 69 to 75. Detailed instructions are found on page 68. During the year, receipts will be entered on pages 16 to 29. Expenses will be recorded on pages 30 to 67. These entries should be made as soon as possible after something is bought or sold. INVENTORIES Accurate records of inventories are an important part of farm accounting. The quantities and values of farm assets should be recorded as carefully as possible, at the beginning of the accounting period. The land inventory will be treated as outlined below. The value should be cost, if recently purchased, or else fair market value, if cost is not realistic. If the value is to be increased, this should be done between accounting periods. Land sold during the year will not be entered on ending inventory. LAND: Beginning Inventory Land Sales Ending Inventory 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Farms or Parcels Year Acq. No. of Hectare Value per Hectare Total Value No. of Hectare Value per Hectare Total Value No. of Hectare Value per Hectare Total Value HOME FA R M 1962 60 250 /$, ooo (aO zso IS, OOD OLD sm/r// PLAcf 197/ zo 190 3,8 '00 ZO zto Siooo — — For inventory purposes, buildings and machinery are treated identically, except that rates of depreciat- ion are different. Depreciation is simply a recognition of the fact that capital items (buildings, equipment, machinery) wear out over a period of time, and become obsolete. Because of this, a certain part of that purchase price is allowed each year as a depreciation expense. The percentages which are used here are the maximum amounts allowed for tax purposes for straight line depreciation. The example below outlines how to enter the purchase of a new tractor, and the trade-in of an old one. The list price of the new one is $7,000.00, the trade-in allowance $3,000.00, and the difference paid is $4,000.00. MACHINERY: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Year Acq. Purchase Price Beg. Inv. Value Capital Sales Depreciation End. Inv. Item Rate Amount Value Transportation and Power ^? 30 KW. TKACTOK /??/ ¥tfOO /92.0 3000 15 ■ liftoff 15 15 Machinery Purchases XXX aoP^r^ 3oo OJLS-oo 3orft / /?*//) a/Y /)cc * r js-o- oo 2ou}f T/SS- 2JL? o^ ll^-oo Z~t>Ly 9 P/>//> O/Y /?<^COv//7 JOO OO S 23-2-7 69 FARM RECEIVABLES: 1 2 3 4 5 6 DATE DESCRIPTION AMOUNT PAID AMOUNT CHARGED BY WHOM OWED Month Day Beg. Balance XXX XXX ^ 70 FARM LIABILITES: 1 2 3 4 5 6 DATE DESCRIPTION AMOUNT PAID AMOUNT CHARGED TO WHOM OWED Month Day Beg. Balance XXX XXX 71 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 TO WHOM OWED 72 FARM LIABILITES: 1 2 3 4 5 6 DATE DESCRIPTION AMOUNT PAID AMOUNT CHARGED TO WHOM OWED Month Day Balance Forward XXX XXX 73 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 TO WHOM OWED 74 FARM LIABILITES: 1 2 3 4 5 6 DATE DESCRIPTION AMOUNT PAID AMOUNT CHARGED TO WHOM OWED Month Day Balance Forward XXX XXX 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 TO WHOM OWED i 75 76 FARM BALANCE SHEET This is a farm balance sheet, and therefore, personal assets and personal liabilities should be excluded. Current payables are those debts which are normally paid within one year. Intermediate term debts are those which are payable from one to ten years. Any debts payable over more than ten years are considered long-term. A^ >Hlb: Beginning Ending Cash 1. 2. Accounts Receivable ^. Supplies 4. ii Livestock 5. Machinery 6. Buildinps 7. & Real Estate 8. Other Farm Assets 9. 10. TOTAT.FARM ASSF.TS LIABILITIES AND OWNER'S FARM EQUITY: 11. Current Payables 12. Intermediate-Term Debts 13. Long-Term Mortgages 14. TOTAL FARM LIABILITIES 15. Owner's Farm Equity (line 10-line 14) 16. TOTAL FARM EQUITIES (line 14+15) Beginning Ending INCOME STATEMENT 77 FARM INCOME: ITEM Cattle Sales Hog Sales Poultry & Egg Sales Milk & Cream Sales Other Livestock & Livestock Product Sales Crop Sales Forest Product Sales Custom Work Patrongage Dividends, Rebates Subsidies Misc. Receipts. Other Receipts (A) TOTAL CASH INCOME FARM EXPENSES: Livestock Bought _ Livestock Feed Bought Other Expenses for Livestock Crop Expenses Mach. & truck repairs, license, etc Car Expenses Building & Fence Repairs Labor Expense Interest Expense Utilities Expense Miscellaneous Expense (B) TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES 78 FARM BUSINESS ANALYSIS Total Cash Income ("A" from page 77 ) Minus: Cash Operating Expenses ("B" from page 77) EQUALS: NET CASH INCOME Plus or Minus Change in Inventory (Pages 13 and 14) Minus: Total Depreciation (Pages 10 and 12 )_ EQUALS: NET FARM INCOME Net Farm Income (above). Plus: Interest Expense (page 67, col. 10) TOTAL Minus: Estimated Value of Unpaid Family Labor (page 82) Minus: Interest on Average Inventory ( * — % of line 7, page 14) Equals: Return to Operator's Labor and Management Plus: Value of Farm Products Used in Home (page 83) Plus: Use of House (page 83) Equals: Operator's Labor and Management Earnings. * The percent used should correspond to the return which can be expected from a low risk investment, such as bonds, for example. PART II SUPPLEMENTARY RECORDS 79 LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISES Cattle Hogs Poultry Other Value Value Value Value CREDITS End of year inventory $ i $ i $ i $ i Livestock sales Livestock product sales Home ronsumpHon (n Total CHARGES Beginning of year inventory DO/ J Livestock purchased (2) Total (3) Gross Returns (1) minus (2) l_ .,., . . Feed purchased i Value of home-grown feed (4) Total feed cost Returns over feed cost (3) minus (4) Returns per $100 of feed (3) divided by (4) times 100 Other useful information which may be gathered from a detailed study of the records: Litres of milk sold per cow Pigs weaned per sow Dozens of eggs produced per hen. Mortality of laying hens as a percentage (number of deaths times 100 divided by the average number kept during the year). Mortality of chicks (number of deaths times 100 divided by the number started). 80 MAP OF THE FARM Draw a plan of the farm using the most convenient scale. Number the fields and show their hectares. Show location of buildings, fences, ditches, roads, pasture, woods, etc. Note the type of soil and any other information that may be useful in the future. CROP ROTATION PLAN 19. 19. 19. 19. 19. 19 Field Field. Field. Field. Field. 81 CROP RECORD Crops Variety Hectare Yield per Hectare Total Production REMARKS* Grains: Wheat Oats Rarley Mixed grain Grain corn (shelled) Other grain Forages: Alfalfa (no. of cuttings) Mixed hay Other hay Orass silape Corn silape i Other silape i Corn fodder Other forage Fruits: Apples Peaches Other tree fruits Small fruits Vegetables: Potatoes Peas and beans Sweet corn Tomatoes Other vegetables Total (omit hay cut 2nd and 3rd time) Hectares double cropped Difference = hectares in crops Hectares Hectares Hectares Hectares owned Summerfallow cash rented Tillable pasture share rented Untillable pasture rented out Woods Farmstead, roads, waste land Total acres Acres operated A record of both the acreage and production of each crop should be made. After recording the hectares in crops distribute the remaining land between summerfallow, pasture, woods, and farmstead and waste land. * This column may be used for noting the rate of seeding, fertilizer application, how crop is disposed of or other records. 82 FOOD, FUEL AND DWELLING FURNISHED BY THE FARM Month Fuel Milk Cream and Butter Eegs Poultry Amount Value Amount Value Amount Value Amount Value Amount Value January $ $ $ $ $ February March April May June July Aupust September October November December Totals ESTIMATED VALUE OF UNPAID FAMILY LABOR Name Period of Employment Estimated rate of wages Value s 83 FOOD, FUEL AND DWELLING FURNISHED BY THE FARM Beef and Veal Pork Other Livestock Products Potatoes Fruit and Other Vegetables Annual Summary Amount Value Amount Value Amount Value Amount Value Amount Value Kind Amount Value $ s s $ $ Fuel $ Milk Cream and Butter Epffs Poultry Beef and Veal Pork Other Livestock Products Potatoes Fruit and Other Vegetables Annual Use of House TOTAL PERQUISITES ESTIMATED COST OF BOARD FOR HIRED LABOR Name Period of Employment Rate Value s 84 FARM BUDGET Anticipated Farm Expenses Amount Expended current year ending Estimated next year ending 1. Cash Operating Expense — Feed Bought — For Cattle _ For Poultry. For Hogs Automobile & truck operating expense Machinery Operating Expense Other expense for Livestock and Poultry — Veterinary medicines and disinfectants Livestock registration and breeding fees Litter, custom hatching, horseshoeing, etc. Crop Expense — Seed, plants, trees and binder twine_ Fertilizer, lime, spray material, etc. Hired Labor — Number of months Number of days Heed Custom Work — Number of days Repairs: machinery and equipment Repairs: buildings, fences and wells Miscellaneous Farm Expenses — Electricity and telephone (farm share) Taxes, building insurance and rent Interest on notes or mortgage Heating Fuel , Tools and Supplies Other expense Total Cash Operating Expense 2. Cash Capital Expense — Livestock purchases Machinery purchases New buildings and building improvements Rate. Rate- Rate. Land purchased and land improvements (clearing, breaking, levelling, drainage) Total Cash Capital Expense. Total Anticipated Cash Expenditure 85 FARM BUDGET Anticipated Farm Receipts AMOUNT Anticipated Average Price Received last year ending Estimated next year ending 1. Cash Receipts — Grain Sold $ $ $ Other rrnps sold Cattle sold Hogs sold D Poultry and eggs sold / &6 Other Livestock Receipts — Horses and colts Sheep and lamhs Fur animals, hees Wool, fur, honey sold Breedinp fees, hides, etc. Milk sales Cream or butter sales Lumber, wood and travel sold Maple products sold Custom Work Patronage dividends and bonuses Miscellaneous Farm Receipts Land rented Machines rented Prize money Capital Grants, Subsidies Other anticipated revenue Total Cash Rereipts 2. Capital Sales — Land sold Buildings sold Machinery and equipment sold Total Cash Capital Sales Total Anticipated Receipts 86 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 87 CASH INCOME TAX STATEMENT OF FARMING INCOME AND EXPENSES For the Period. 19. -to. .19. NAME. ADDRESS. EXPENSES Livestock Bought Livestock Feed Bought Other Expenses for Livestock Crop Expenses Machinery & Truck repairs, licenses, etc. Building & Fence Repairs Car Expenses Labor Expenses Interest Expenses Utilities Expenses Miscellaneous Expenses Capital Cost Allowance Allowance on Eligible Capital Property Total Expenses INCOME Cattle Sales Hog Sales Poultry & Egg Sales Milk & Cream Sales Other Livestock & Livestock product Sales Custom Work Patronage Dividends, Rebates & Subsidies Misc. Receipts Other Receipts Gross Income (Enter on page 2 of your return) Deduct Total Expenses Excess of Income over Expenses - (Enter this amount below) Adjustments to Income Excess Income over Expenses (if partnership enter only your share %) Add: (a) Your own salary or wages if included in expenses (b) Non-allowance expenses such as donations (deductible on page 4 of your return) wages to spouse (c) Cost of saleable products consumed (d) Personal or non-business portion of automobile or other expenses included above Income from farming (if proprietorship on page 2 of your return) Deduct other allowable expenses not included above but deductible from your share of partnership income (Specify) Income from farming (if a partnership, enter this amount on page 2 of your return) 88 CASH INCOME TAX STATEMENT OF FARMING INCOME AND EXPENSES For the Period. 19. -to. .19. NAME ADDRESS. EXPENSES Livestock Bought Livestock Feed Bought Other Expenses for Livestock Crop Expenses Machinery & Truck repairs, licenses, etc. Building & Fence Repairs Car Expenses Labor Expenses Interest Expenses Utilities Expenses Miscellaneous Expenses Capital Cost Allowance Allowance on Eligible Capital Property Total Expenses INCOME Cattle Sales Hog Sales Poultry & Egg Sales Milk & Cream Sales Other Livestock & Livestock product Sales Custom Work Patronage Dividends, Rebates & Subsidies Misc. Receipts Other Receipts Gross Income (Enter on page 2 of your return) Deduct Total Expenses Excess of Income over Expenses - (Enter this amount below) Adjustments to Income Excess Income over Expenses (if partnership enter only your share %) Add: (a) Your own salary or wages if included in expenses (b) Non-allowance expenses such as donations (deductible on page 4 of your return) wages to spouse (c) Cost of saleable products consumed (d) Personal or non-business portion of automobile or other expenses included above Income from farming (if proprietorship on page 2 of your return) Deduct other allowable expenses not included above but deductible from your share of partnership income (Specify) Income from farming (if a partnership, enter this amount on page 2 of your return) CONVERSION FACTORS Approximate . conversion Metric units factors Results in: LINEAR millimetre (mm) x0.04 inch centimetre (cm) x0.39 inch metre (m) x3.28 feet kilometre (km) x 0.62 mile AREA square centimetre (cm2) x0.15 square inch square metre (m2) x 1.2 square yard square kilometre (km2) x0.39 square mile hectare (ha) x 2.5 acres VOLUME cubic centimetre ( cm3) x 0.06 cubic inch cubic metre (m3) x 35.31 cubic feet x 1.31 cubic yard CAPACITY litre (L) x 0.035 cubic feet hectolitre (hL) x22 gallons x 2,5 bushels WEIGHT gram (g) x0.04 oz avdp kilogram (kg) x 2.2 lb avdp tonne (t) x 1.1 short ton AGRICULTURAL litres per hectare (L/ha) x 0.089 gallons per acre x 0.357 quarts per acre x 0.71 pints per acre millilitres per hectare (mL/ha) x 0.014 fl. oz per acre tonnes per hectare (t/ha) x0.45 tons per acre kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) x0.89 lb per acre grams per hectare (g/ha) x 0.014 ozavdp per acre plants per hectare (plants/ha) x 0.405 plants per acre IBRARY / BIBIIOTHEQUE AGRICULTURE CANADA OTTAWA K1A 0C5 3 TD73 0000fl53c1 1 \