UMASS AMHERST aiEDbb DEbD 52ES 3 FIVE COLLEGE DEPOSITORY I □DDDDODDaDDDaDDDQDaDDDDDDDDDDDDD H D R ° H '^'?^»*''' § g UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS □ D LIBRARY D S o H D g - D D □ R D g SPECIAL COLLECTIONS § g a ARCHIVES g R D R o R ° R o R ° R D R D R ° R ° R D R D R ° R D R D R ° R ° R ° □ ss^ . □ UBRm THE nmxns Jlloiitljig i\ BOAE33 OF KATE ^ous: INTENDED T O P R O M O T E THE INTEREST OF THE FARMER: TO DEFEND THE DIGNITY OF THE AGRICULTURAL PROFESSION, AND ENCOURAGE THE PRACTICE OF DOMESTIC ECONOMY. COBIDtJCTED BY ISAAC HIL,£,. VOLUME VII, FOR 1845. CONCOllD, N. H., PUBLISHED BY ISAAC TTHJ. & SONS. 1845. INDEX TO THE FARMER's MOATTHLY A ISITOR, FOR VOL. YII., 1S4>, KO, fi3 (i3 f;s 107 100 129 ICG 16 15, 53, 73 33, 85 57,63,73 93.«109 47 9, 128 18.85 30 IGl A b.irbarous dcod, j59 A Miirylnnd liirm, 101 A innii grown Uy (iuano anrl E'octricity, 103 A viKit III Uif) •■'i'hrfe hill ar nf." lOi A Iilllc Inrin w.ll uIIcmI. -'IT) Ailclress nl K"< UnArr !<. V.. by Dr. Dani«l Lee, 21 " bef'-io \h(' H iriliTd Cn. Al'. Ijociel)', '" " by U. U. PlHlps. Ksq., ■ _ 61 Agricultural Mn.-liii.', p(_-<,ori(l nl ('a[UToI, i* " " i[) i\. V. Lf'L'iHlalurc Bcvonih, 38 " •' al SoiiiRrs, ('iHiii , 42 " •• :il Albnny, 5'J " C: Corn, lar^'e yielil o| ' " to measure, " the Brown •' fuddrr. j^ro.it yield of '■ shellcr, a yre it om;, ** ttlalk siiuar, CoWft, loMit fnr ** 411(1 < aivi.M. ireattnriil u\' C'uunt KuMironl and his llau]'lil<"i Courting an old nirud. (-ranbcrry (Miliivalion, I "rnps, sl:Ui>iUc^ of feeding ol" Cucumbers lor pickles, *' rai-Miii; early D. Dairy cfltabluliiiic-iilo in London, Dew. ihirory of Domestic iicrinoinv, Drink, K. Kirtli'fl clian^'ifs— -I poem, (hy B. B. French, Ksq ) R';ononii<;;d hints. I'i liti;r at i.oiup, " I'roiii hoiiu*, Kmitjralion to Nmv F.ngland, " Ivit^lish A'jriciiltiirc, prot-ress of l^iigland, AmoriLMii proviition.s in •' Fruit ^tu\ vp|.'ot.d)k*s in F.iiropp, tin* liarvi'st in ICvery ni.m his uwn Ciilik- iJnclor F. Farm of Mr. \ .in Barcn, " E. Phinney, Esq.. *' Rev. M. Allen &l H. Collamer, Kvq., " Henry Clay, " Daniol Webster, ^.~. ■'■' work lor Deceuiber, j-^^ ^ Farming' capital, good nnd had Fef-d well. Female Farn^crs, Fi'iiees. Food, preservation of Fofeii»n Intelligence, Fruii and Fniit treeB. *• cnltivalion of •* trees, ealt for 41, 16.75 111. 111. U;o. 175. 190 ' :62 163 43 149 57 91 15 101 183 92 r 4"i I, 128 112 81 44, 94 in 116 40 73 20 97 65 24,137, 155 71 57, 104, 153 60, 174 7-5 G. (iiiftlen seeds, " vegetyblos, GirJs. ndvice to ihe " Go (urth into ilie Gounlry," — poetry, (•r.il'tintf, Bii(J»iin;» :irn! Fruiiiiii:, Grjifa-K, unproved ii.ode ol' cultivating " Cllttiri;* tor ll;iy " fields, on inniinL'ine vvint(fr killed (irulj Worms and noxious Insects, <»rt_-at pestilence, Guiino, &.C,, H. Hams, pickling and smoking Health, preservation (iC Hens and eggs, -l, 57, GO, CI, 7: Herds ;i;rass, Home, How to make one good naturcd. Horses, Horse Abattoirs of Pans, •■ Rake, Horticulture, Hymn to the flowers, — poetry, I. Indian corn, " experiments in culture of " accidents to toppiiiij. Indian Hill l-'arm. Immortality, liiHuelice (if Ileal in lutteiiiiig Animals, lp&.vich fi^ht. Iron, convuinption of " production c>l' " elTects ol* vibration on Items I'rom foreign papers, 1 remember, — :poetry, I.. Land, improvement of worn out ■' inijiroverB, Society of I.irge I'lg, Lame Scliool, in Ireland, I.eail Mine, Leather iVlanuficlure. Letter from Hortsiii'iutli. '■ Ai:;/Ubli, Me., '• ' I'"air(ax Co., Va., " Simon IVown. Lime. Lowell, its maiii.f.rlure-'.-. Lucerne, Al. 135 ' I3(J , 1)3 i U7 170 7 U-ll 30 14 1 £>G{ is! 102, 171 1 1. ii'y, 173 •la, 99, lUO 24,100 ■1^ 55, 143 49 38 92 3S, 43, bb, 93 82 8fi bi; 58, G9, 171 84 4-1, 58 16, 174 lib 128, 175 37 12 12 4, 35, 47, 97 14 Oil in (*orn. Old Times, Onions, Oregon, Wisconsin. iVc, Our Cuunlry, Oreii, 85. 127 lfi5 141 88 59 103 127 142 92 35 98 150 174 42 47 91 I 119 13 7G G9 77 12 13 13. 43 187 12, 14, 73, 129 4 53 31. .33. Maple .^ii^ar, .Manure, " Liijuid '• Saving of " Dissertation by L. Rartlett. V.si\.. .Maiiu'lukes. Slauj^liler of Marsh, Meadows, the soil of Melon..*, to raise fine Mclooioloiriciil .lournnl. (by A. t 'liMiullcr) 9, 27. li. lil, i;o. 81. KM), lie Milk, Adu'- tid •• Ricl. Miscclkineou?, «, IS, .'52, ,')9,fi|,G4, 7G Model Farms, iMormoiiidiii, Mount pelknap. Mowing, .Science of Mr. Kllsworth, Aijricultural Slali.«tic8 by .Mr. ("allioun's I'arm, Muck and Marl, My Uncle Zephyriis, Mutes, Uliiid and Leaf M. Natick, Shoe Husinesu in JNaviunlioii ami ('om, New I'ostage liill. New (-'orn l\leal Ihe year round, Northern Aiineullurc, N, y. Slate 1-air, &c., O. 20, 33, G8 l';9, 47, 89 27, 175 c V. P.isiiiref. Kenovation of IVach Trees, Pens, Oil Kaisinv Pigs, Warm Heds f.ir Plus, Maiinf.irlure of Plaster and I. line, Ptanliuir, Kxperiinent in Ploughs, Improved Plougliing, Pork, Gurinc Posts, on Setting Potatoes, " Boiling of " Planting " Diseases of . ' ,)„ 3. G, 11, 03, 92.95, 128, 149, IC3, ICG, 172, l74'o' I3( 1G4 7.J 151 91 192 l.'i.'', 1G8 17 3G i9, 33, 99, IIG, KB. 170 V 43 70 81 9 82 18. 3G, 111, IGG 23 ]5 93 42 72 180 178 1.32, 149 162, 1G4 115 l.lti 91 31. llii ■).. Ui b ,7.-? IC-l 4U 19, liH 51, 131 3ti f V. 87 78 .. 52 . 5<; ,*• vc Printing Prices of Franklin, Practical Hui^handry. Pn.l.LiH.ii;. Prof. Jolinslun'e Lectures, Prospectus, Provisions. Prices of Public Lniids-, Pulverization, Quince, Cultivation of Qiiincy, Quarries at !9 1^ 'if Riispberry, Cullivaljun of ' lif Reaping Machine, l.il Remarkable Organ, 3.tcil Flowci-y. Watcliiii.^i; for a 'I'iger, Water Power ot JNew Kugland, We.siL'rn t "urreiicv. Wheal, Black Sea Culture and Harvesting Whitcwnsh. Kecipc for Wln> and What 1 have srcu, Worcester IJospital and Agricultural Improvements, 5?'. U.'l GIft-i 37 ivi 08 1011 31 l;!l 114 •!0 ;.j .>2 G3 54 41 75 87 38 4 33 tt 41 IIG, IGG 55 IK 15, 132 Oats, lor Seed, ^' Yeast, from Polaioes, 51 VLSITOR FOR 1846 ! \\Z3^ Gentlemen holding; subscription papers lo tlie Visitor, are requested to return lo us sueli luunes h> they innv have received, ns early in the cuurseo I" the irionth of Janiiniy us po.ssiljlo. We shall send the ne.\t volume to all of our present subseiilieis, who do not ulhenvisu order hy returning their papers for Jannary with the name of he town and State in uhieh they reside written thereon. VVu respectfully invite the attention of our friendB lo the exceedingly lilierul terms of our prospectus for the coining volunii' II ill Ihi II IcnJ i/s thiir pkbsonai. ai't In mnhiiie; cnr sni'frrijilion lint suffiriailly Inrge to ensure vf a res]:rrlalile polronnge 7 Jurm^r s JHetitljlg fisit^r. j|i_i mtrnm. tiMM CONDUCTED BY ISAAC IlILI... 'Those who labor in the earth are the chosen i-eople of God, whjse breasts he has made his pecumar Dr.po»(TE for sudstastial and ocuriNE TiHTrK." — Jefferson. VOLUME VII. CONCORD, N. H., JANUARY 31, 1845. NUMBER 1. THK IWUMER'S MOXTHl^Y VISITOK, pir.i.isHKii nv ISAAC HILL, &: SONS, SVEH 0\ THi: X.AS-T DAY OF EVERY MOXTH, At Atheniau BuililiiigT* ^^enebal Agents.— B. Cook, Keene, N H.; Thomas Wamptox, Wusliinpton City, D. C; John Mamh, Wnsli- un SI. Ui»stpn, Mass.; Charliss Warren, Brinley itaw, i-costt?r. Muss. ER^IS.— To singlr subscribers, Fi/ly CniLi. Ten per t, wilt be aitowi-d tu llic ptr^idii who aUnU semi mure llian 'ubscribtT. Twelve i-opies will be sent for tlio artvanct- ent of Fi»-(! DoUars; twenty-five copies for Ten Dollars; copies for Ticeniy Dollars. 'I'bc payment in everj' case to . ftle in fi(ivanL';\ ^Monrtj and subscriptions^ by a regulation of the Post Master •al, Jiuiy in all ciues be remitted by the Post Mastvry free oj I ge. ^Ali genlleniL'U wlio have heretofore aot^d as Agents aie ' 'st-d to continue their Agency. Old subscribers who under the new terms, will please notify us of the names .Jy on our books. mULY Vf^itORS From the Albany Cultivator. Practical Iliisbandry. Improvement of Horn Out and natura'li/ Poor Tiuls, Old Fields, SfC, in the .Middle Slates. Land is |.oor or rich fioin varior.s causes. It lay 1)H poor iiatiiially, from ln^ii/;; dcpriviul of ')(! aceuiiuilaliuii of decoiiiposcci orfraiiized mal- cr, hy the washiiifts of rain, tlic ovoillowing of !treai!is, &c., and hy its own gravelly and porous iiiitiire, adiifilliii:.' lln." iipwarti filtfriii^ ol spring Iter, as is tlie case if low gravelly Itottoms. It amy also he poor from the too lar^e a portion of irnii in its eomposiliori. IJut the most universal cause of |>overty of soil, is exhaustion from ovcr- croppiiii;, laUiii;; away always, and returniit;; othiiif:; as was so f^enerally the practice in old mes, and is too iiinch the practice now in all le Middle Stales. In a foritier paper 1 have ex- •essed theopiiiiou that a man may purchase and •prove a piece of this poor or worn out land eaper than will he the cost of removal to. and luchase of a piece of land in the west, especial- .y when the sacrifices incident to such removal ire taken into the accomit. I most sincerely he- ieve in the truth of this proposition. 13iit let ns (iroceed to the suhjcct — the now, not the why, Iliis lanii.shonid be ini|.riivcd. The first ohject to he attended to in the im- provement of land, is the f^ridjhinj; tip anil clear- in;; off every tree anil shruh that is not wanted. JjCt this he done at the hegimiinsr. Allow no chimps or clusters of hushes or liriars, or single ones eiiher, to leiiiaiu in the field. Tlie ne,\t thing is (hiching and draining of all smikcn and lioggy places, if such exist. Very often the sim- ile ploiigii fnrrow' will answer, hnt sometimes a deep ditch must he dug. If it he deep enough, a blind ditch should aUvays he preferred, so tliat yon may cultivate the land over the ditch, and also save your land the inconvenience of open ditches. Having grubbed and ditched, and thus drained the land, the iie.M object is to ascertain the quality of the soil, all parts of it. ^'on may ■'nd that the low places you have drained are ciimpnsed of hard clay. Some of the upper or higher plai,-es may he too sandy. You will in sucli case, employ your carts in carrving clay to the sandy parts, and return with sand to the clayey paits; and be very liberal in your exchanges, loo. ^ ou inay spread the clay at once, or tillow ii to remain .1 w inter it) carl load heaps, and spread it in tlic spring. The sand may ho spread, of course, at once. All this is merely gelling the land ready. A farpenter hiiilds his shop, and "gets 011*1" his stuff, before he thinks of "going to work" lit bis trjide. So does every other arti- san or mechanic. Why should a liirmer not, also, before he goes to work to make money and a liv- ing, first " get liis shop in order ?" Having prop- erly grubbed, drained, and mixed the soil, the next thing to he done is to ascertain the ipialily of the whole. It most probably wants lime 10 ruake it complete. Take a handful here and there from the whole field, say twenty handsful in all ; mix them well together; then lake a handful from the w iioh; mixture, put it upon a shovel and heat it red hoi; then take it from the fire and let it cool ; when cool, jinlverizu it into a line pow- der, ami p.iiir upon it good cider vinegar ; di- luted muriaiic acid is best, hut vinegar, if good, will do; if it foams considerably, you want no lime in the soil ; if it i\o not foam, you must then apply lime. Nearly all the land in the iMiddle States wants lime, and is benefitted by its appli- cation. If it wants no lime, then go to work as follows: plough in the liill with the deepest work-' iiig plough you can afford. In the spring, sow corn broadcast; and as soon as it is as high as yon can well turn under with a good plough and two or three horse team, turn it under well, and immediately sow corn again broadcast ^ as soon as that is high enough to turn under, turn that also w itii a deep working plough. Geneialiy you may turn under three crops in the same season. In the fall [ilougli deeply in turning the last ero]i of com nnilor, harrow and seed with wlieu!. However poor your land may have been, you may he sure of a good crop of wheat the ensuing har- vest. Ill sowing the corn, about three to four bushels should be sown lo the acre, ereh crop. If by the trial above described yon find your land reijoires lime, then, before the fust plough- ing, apply tweniy bushels of slaked lime lo llic acre, broadcast, then plough as before directed, sow the corn, and proceed as before, taking care to sow twenty bushels of lime before tihuiug un- der each crop of corn; sow the lime ou the corn as it stands, and turn corn and lime all in to- gether. Ill this way, -a first rate soil may he made out of the |)ourest old field in Maryland or any where else; and it will be observed that the only cost is in tl'e liming and value of the seed corn, except the labor. Those who cannot aftbrd to expend so niucli labor and money the first sea- son, can extend the time over .=:everal seasons, applying say twenty or thirty bushels of lime lo the acre, and turning under but one crop of corn each year. The above may be considered a brief summa- ry of I'lie whole r.rguiiie'.it ; and, it seems to me, scarcely requires elucidation. Some may how- ever require exj)lanation,and I therefore proceed lo give them. A cliy soil requires only .sand ti-"''\iiko it a good one, so far as conslitntion is ce:iccrned; a sandy soil requires clay to make it good. TIr\- ■ two elemeius of a good soil generally exist on all farms; and wherever they do exist in seperate places, ibey should he combined and mixed, that the whole may he made ferlilc. Jf your land be too clayey, and you have no sand on your farm, probably some neighbor would be glad to ex- change some of his sand for some of your clay, doing half the hauling, and thus both farms will b:! benefitted at half the labor each. Uely upon it, there is more to be obtained in the improve- ment of land by a judicious admixture of soils, llian is generally supposed. Manuring cannot supply its place, however large the quantity ap- plied ; and when ouee made, the effect is perma- nent, the benefit perpetual, the improvciiiciil lasts Jhrt'ver. Low wet places are not only unproductive, but they are uuiiealtliy, unseemly, and an absolute loss of all ihe land so situated. If your fiirni consists of one hundred acres, and twenty acres of it is of this lotv and wet kind, ynii have but eighty acres of land. Therefore drain, by ditch- ing this low land, make it productive, by adding sand, iVc, where necessary, and you will in ef- fect have added twenty acres to your farm. And in draining, take care to avail yourself of the ad- vantages of blind ditches. I do not suppose it necessary to tell you how to make them — Ihe way may be found in almost allagricnllural works, aid they are very simple. A summary of Ihe dirteient plans may be stated as follows. Dig the trench as in the usual way of making an open ditch, of the proper depth and capacity, 10 carry off the water. 'I'hen lay, in the bottom of the ditch, stones loosely packed, so that water will freely [lass biaween llicm, about a foot deep. Then lay upon these loose stones, larger and flat ones, to keep the earth fiom filling the interstices, and then return the earth thrown onl, leveling the whole surface. Some, instead of stone, lay in the hotlom of the ditch, braiuhes and limbsof trees and shrubs, and cover these wiili earth ; hut such blind ditches are obviously subject to ob- struction from the decay of the wood, and thence from the caving in of the superincunibcnt earth. Others, in I'^urope especially, use an arching of lilcs in the ditch instead of stones or hrnshwood ; but this is too expensive for this country as yet. Where stones can be had, a good blind ditch may bemailt; permanenlly eflective by their use; next to stone, brushwood is to be preferred. It surely cnnmit bo nece.ssary to say a word in ilkistralioii of the grnhhiiig mo of all useless growths of hushes, trees, &c. Never allow your Itjnces lo be sheltered hy hushes or trees of any kind; tliey rot the limber, and yon lose all the land Ihey occupy. ''Head lands," as they are called, are just so initeh deducted from your measure of acres. (41ear out all such. If you have no oilier c.'coi! place in jmir field, let the head lands and fence corners h'' clean. In asccrlaining the precise qnulity of the soils, you accomplish precisely what every oilier arti- san does when he aseerlains his ability to do {i cci tain job. Yon find out w hat the materials you are to work upon arc capable of producing. If in that exaiiiiuation, you find your materials de- ficient in any one necessary ingredient — lime, for example — you, as other ariisans would necessa- rily ami inslinclively do, apply lime. If you find it deficient in vegetable fibre, '&c., you apply that substance, and if you find it dcficie'it in clay or sand, as cither of these prenonil'iate, you afiply the one or the other, as the result of the exairii- natiou shall indicate. llavlmr |>repared the soil for the reception of niaiune, tlie cheapest and mosi efficient method and material for supplying iinnitious principles lo the soil, is the next matter for consideration I believe tiiat corn sown broadcast, as above di- rected, is the cheapest, mosteffiiient and speedi- est fertilizer. Some, and very many, suppose that the old plan of clover laying is the best and cheapest. I difl(;r with them." You can only turn under a crop of clover once in two years; you can by an effort turn under three crops of corn in one yee.r; and I believe that each crop of corn will carry as niucli nutritious matter into the soil as each crop of clover can do. Now in this system of improvement, yon have only to purchase the lime, if that be necessary: you can raise the seed corn on some part of the iiaiii. All the rest of the improvement is ilerived li'om labor. Never iindertako the improvement of more land than you are certain you can manage. If you ex(jeMd your funds upon too large a surface, you will he likely to lose the whole advantage of them. Clalcnlate how much land you can work well, and confine yourself to that and no more. And in all your o|ierations in agriculture, take care not to undertake too much. Suppose you can only work ten acres well in one year, it you APR 2S ^^30 2 <^i)e jTormcr's i!Icnt!)Ir! Visitor. uiiHertake twenly ai-ies, .'•onie of it will have in- jusflci; (lone it, niul iIk; ri'sitit is ohviousi. Deep ploiiiiliiii;; is one of tli«' most eflicicnl agents in tlie iiniiroviniciit ol soils, iis it is in the coniinnution of good soils. Ncner omit it. Jt mil)' p.iy joii scaiitil) for a ye.ir or two; hut it will iiliiinately repay yo'i an hiniilriMl fold. With- out it tliere cannot he r.ny rontinued snccessliil farniinfr, no inalltr what the orij/inal soil may have been. Discard all shallow working ploughs from your farm, except rhe mere seed and culti- vator ploughs. Some lands will he heiiefitled hy .50 hnshclsof lime to the acre, and hy it he rendered siifKcient- ly I'alcareoiis ; oilrei's may require 100 hnshels; all this is to he tonnd out oidy hy proper experi- ments, as ahove indicated. Jf the solution of the soils loams freely in the vinegar or muriatic acid, it wants no lime; il' hut partially, it Wiints pioha- bly 50 hnshels to the acre; if not nt all, it may reqiii e 100 hnshels. if it he a red clayey soil, it wants more lime than if it he vvliilc or hhie or yellow. If yoti have no lime, and wood ashes are at hand, yon may accomplish all the ohjects you aim at hy their application, .^s ashes are mo:pi;n in use, aiu some inventive genius had di.-rCovered the use of artificial fencing with rails and stone, he would have been considered the beiiefaetor of his age. For myself, tliou:;li I have travelled much, and have extended my ohservetioiis oier fifteen of the States of the Union, I have never seen a good efficient hedge occupying the place of the ordi- naiy farm fences. And yet theatienlion of fiirni- ers has been directed to it ever since the country was settled; the oldest .Vmericaii wiiters recom- ineiiil then); seeds were inifiorted to pl-int them a century ago ; anil all these effoits have been coiitnmcd to the present day with increased force each _\ear. And yet there is not, so far as I know, a single firm in the United States protected hy hedges, in all its parts, or in any considerable portion of them. The i-conomic-d farmer, there- fore, will look to some other mode of li'iicing for lirotectioi: ; and, as said above, that which his innd afliirds most pleniiliilly and most easily of access, is ihe cheapest and hot lor him. I must not omit a lew words more upon dctr) plou^hinir. 1 know it is tin; general opinion that we iiinst not plough so deep as to turn up the '• linril pan" of clay, or the wiiite gravel, &:c. &.c. I am very certain this is a very great popular er- ror. If we had a plough that would turn up the earth two (iel deip, 1 do not care what the sub- soil may he, in live years the fertile soil would be two leet deep. 1 admit, that generally a very stinted crop would tie prodiici'd liir the first t«o or three seasons; hut I also assert, that the third or fomtli and all snhsiipient seasons, will pay not onl' lor all the deficiencies ol' the first tuo or three, hut an liiinihed liild interest. \Vlieieveru deep working plough has been ii-ed, the drouths of a dry season are not fi-lt. 'i'he roots of plants pass deeply into the earth, iiiid the hiuiiiijg suns and parching windt, pass over them harmlessly. The subsoil plough is a good thing. It enables the farmer to avail himself of most of the ad- vantages of deep ploughing without any .saciifiix- of the first iiiid second season's crop; hut then it does not turn up this subsoil — it merely loosens it, enabling the roots to pass deeply, 'i'he roots, however, get no other advantage in this deep rooting, than tliat of protection from drouth ; they get no nourishment in those de(ilhs. The protection from drouth, however, is an important consideration, and should always he tivailed of. But ! would seek this advantage ahvay ■ when I could hy the iisi; of the deep plough, even at the sacrifice of a portion or e\eii all the first tuo i.r three crops. The saving of manure is the next, and liioiigh last here, not the least ini|iortaiit matter for eon- aideiation. Every thing of a vegetable or animal kind, unless for other purposes, on a liirm, should be gathered and saved for manure. A conveni- ent com|)ost yard and pit should be provided. The dung fi-oni the staliles, and weeds tiom the fields, the chafi" and offid straw, cornstalks, &c., the kitchen waters, contents of clmmhers. i\ni\ M of such things, should be east into the [lil. The pit-slionid he so situated that the dr.iiniligs of urine, &c. from the stables should pass into il. A shed should he built over it to protect it from rains, and the effects of the sun's ra_\s. Plaster of Paris should be sown over the surface of' the manure |iit once a week during warm weather, to catch and fix tlie volatile ammonia tint will be eontiiuially passing off. If such a thing as a lei- sure day happen, (wiiich, by the way, J do not see how a good farmer can ever have even a lei- sure moment,) the leaves from the woods may he profitably gathered and thrown into the" pit Twice a year, say in April and October, the con- tents of the pit should he taken out, thoroiighlv mixed and piled up to digest for a week or two or even a month. In forming the piles, if you have any swamp mud or hog earth, you may very properly add two or three loads of lliis lo eacii load of the contents of the [lit, taking care to mix them well. Alter the pile has stood a sufficient leiigtli of time, the compost may be»carried out and spread over the land, either as a toj) dressing, or to he ploughed in liefore seeding. These are my views of the impmvetnent of worii-ont and till other land. I submit them uitli great deference to the fiirmers of my eountry. Should they disagree with me in any or all par- ticulars, I trust they will aitrihnte my errors to at least good motives. 1 de^ire to do some good in my day, and the agricnliuitil interest is, tibovetill oiliers, the most worthy of my efforts in my opinion. Il certaiiily has my be.st affections null wishes. GIDEON R. P?,IITII. Baltimore, .Vol'., 1844. To Wash Wooi.le.n Goods. — All descrip- tion.s of woollen goods sJiould he wiished in verv hot water with soap, and, as soon as the article is cleanseil, immerse it in cold water, let it then be wrung and hung up to dry. They will then not shrink. " EvERV Man llts Own Cattle Doctor . Con- taining the Causes, Sym| toins and 'I'reatment of all the Diseases incident lo Oxen, .Sheep and Swine. J{y I'ra.ncis (.''i.ATf.ii. Ivlitid. revised, and almost re-«ritiin hy Wii.i.m.m YoUATT — v\ ith mimeions additions, embracing an Essay on the Use of Oxen, and the Im- provr'iiieut In the Breed of Sheep, &c. By .1. S. Skinnkii." Philadelphia: 1844. Lea &. Blancliard, Publishers. This is one of those rare hooks which carry a just reeommendation on their tille page — wliicli, of itself alone, aSfiires us that if we purchase, we shall not he disappointed in our bargain. Mr. Skinner hiis done a good and praisewor- thy service to American fin li.ers, in placing wiih- in their reach this valuable «oik, in a cheap form, and enhancing its usefulness by his own arlditions. The veterinary art, with n.s, it must he confessed, has been lamentably neglected. Too often, those who pretend lo be cattle doc- tors are illiterate and conceited char lalan.s — who administer their nostrums at hiip-hazard, not kiKiwing the true iialme or cause ol the disease, and miacipiuinted with the structure and func- tions of the animal's hodv. In such hands the poor brute is at least full as likely to he killed as cured. The work under notice is tlii! proiluction of learned men, familiar wilh the physiology of animals, the nature of their diseases, "and wliose remedi(!S are jirescribed from experience and sci- entific knowledge. It is no less bis dulij tluiu his interest, for the owner of animals to acquaint himself with the nature and tan.ses of the diseases to which they are liable, and the remedies best ralciilalcd lo cure them. This knowledge he will very sel- dom obtain from the stupid monntehanks, who, wilh us, offer their services as cattle doctors. The following extracts from Mr. Skinner's pre- face, expres.s our own thoughts: "The henefi- cento of an all-wise Providence in so ora-uiiziiii; n>an as to secure him dominion over aiiimals of inferior physical constrnciion, imposes on him the obligation to exercise that eminent iidvanlnge in !i spirit of mercy, and in niitigatioM of the pains and disorders of tlie brute creation ; and both the ohli-alion and the necessity lo do so, are enhanced hy the consideration that in being domcslicated and made subservient lo our uses, animals lose, in a great measure, that instinct which enables them to distinguish what is nox- ious from that which is wholesome, uiid become, as does the human race in the jiroccss of civi- lization, liable to numerous and couipliealed dis- eases to which tliey .-ue comparatively strangers when roaming in the simple habits and unre- strained I'reedom of nature. * * To say noth- ing of the ihii'j w hicli common lummnity enjoins on every one lo he prepared with common med- icines aiid directions for the use of them, which may eiuible hiui to extend prompt relief to speechless suffering — on the .-ordid score of selj- interest alone, the most ealeulating, it may lie supposeil, will not hesitiite to jirovitle himself with a book which, in teaching liiiii to be his 'own cattle doctor,' may enable him to save the life even of the meanest animal on bis estate. In a word, the want of some such work would he an obvious defect in every farmer's library, how- ever small it may be, and this is one of the high- est and most recent anlhoiity, in a country where Ihe subjects of which il treats have been most carefully investigated and are best understood. To have been revised tind sanctioned by Air. YouATT, is of itself a sufficient title lo public confidence." We unhesitatingly give this work our iiiu|iial- ified approbation, and think it must meet with u sale coriespoiKhhg wilh its iiieiils. No fiirmer's library can he coinplele without it. We append a cliapter on Bh-edihg; '^Bleeding is a most ii.seful and powerful rem- edy in the cure of inflnmmatory cotnplainl.s. — The following are the chief diseases in which bleediiiir is icquired : 1. When animals in a ihriviiiir stale, rub them- selves iiniil ihe hair comes off, and the spot is coveretl w ith a dry scab ; w bile at the same time the eyes appear iliill, hin-.'uid, red, or inflamed, the bri-ath hot, and the veins puffed up, and con- siderably laiL'cr than usual. 2. In nil kinds of iinllammatory diseases, as of ihe hrain, lungs, kidneys, bowels, eyes, womb, bladder, udder, or in swelliiiir of the joints. 3. When Ilie Ldaiids or kernels helweeii the jaws, or those of iIm! throat, me enlarged, and especially if they are only recently all'ected, im- mediate recour.se should be had to bleeding, for otherwise the lungs will probably become dis- eased. 4. In bruises, hurts, wounds upon the bend, strains in diff'erent parts', anil all other accidents wliieli may occur to ilie animal, and in which there is reason to appieheiid considerable inllam- malion, bleeiling will be proper. 5. In violent catarrh or cold, bleeding is em- ployed ; but ill .-light cases, a leu lever ilrinks will restore the animal. Qi.\]t Saxmtt's illouti)li) bisiior. 0. Tlin yeUotcs, wlien attended wiili fevuiisli syiiiptoriis, or (roiislijiatioii oi' the tiowel;', relood is advantageously taken from the tiiilk-vc-in. The quantity of Idood that it may he proper to take away at one time, cannot hero be deter- mined ; hut must be renulated by the size, stren^tli and condition of ilic animal, and the disease under which it labors. In many inflam- matory eonq)laints, too iiMHrli can hardly be ta- ken, provided the l)!eeding is slopped as smiu as the patient appears likely to faint or fall down. A strong, healthy beast will bear the loss of five or six quarts of blood, without the least injiny. The bioongiiii» to the friends, in I'oar! street, excepted. Then men had lime to worship Ciod ; now they have only time to worship Mammon — that golden call' in VVali-st. Then we had only two Banks, and not one Broker ; now we have tilirly Batdis and ten Brokers, 'i'hen the floor was scrubbed and sprinkled with wliitc sand from Coney Island ; now they are covered with cloth Irom Brussels and carpets fri-m Turkey. Then the people were happy ; now they live in splendid raiseiy. Then when the ladies got the headache they dipped their raven lockrf in a pail of cool water, and were cured j now they pour out a bottle ofco- logne w.iter. to the cost of til'ty cents, and yet the [lain remains. I'll'ty years ago I never lieard oT a bottle oTco- logne water being in the city ; now 1 am told that two Iiundred thousand dtdlars is spent annually on this useless drug. Fdiy years ago, the daughters of able merchants and thriving mechanics wnuld sing with tlie spinning- wheel, and weave on the loom, like the daughters of men when Rnchel was a girl and Jacob stood by his mother's knee ; now they set humming French airs and jingling a piano, until they get the vapors in their iieads and the meagrims in their bosoms. Then the l.:ssps wore woolen stockings and double-soled shoes, and lived to be eighty} nnw ihey wear silk stockings and satin shoes, and belbre they live half theirdays,tlie doctor and grave-digger ride riot over the graves. Then if we took a notion to get married, we finished our day's work at seven P. M. as usual, got supper at eight, put on our Sunday coat, and the lass her summer hat, and at nine we walked to Rev. Dr. .lohn Rogers, in Pine st. or Rev. Bishop Provost, in V'csey street } the Bishop's, or the Doctor's man-servant and niaid'servant were always dressed by eight P. M. and rea.ly to olficiato as br:d.i*s-niaid and grooiirs-maii, and from their long experience in such matters, they could act their part up to nature. A .Spanish dollar was the reg- ular fee. Wo then walked home alone. Having caught the bird, we took her to tiie nest ^ve had prepared for her. Perhaps we begun with three rush-bottom chairs, nt 25 cents each ; it was one more than we wanted ; and we had our room, though small, to ourselves ; our hearts knew their own happiness, and no stranger intermeddled with our joys. JSow the bachelor of thirty-five lakes his bird ol lifieen to the public table of Madame B 's boarding house, or that promiscuous group in Howard's Hotel, where she sutfers from the stare of some impu- dent, brainless blockhead, or is put to the blnsli by Ihe insolent litter of a set of black-whiskered, most coiisum- r.iate fools j and tins is the refinement of the nineteenth century. Now my young friends, don't you think our old sohor- sided mode of doing business was more natural, more pleasant, and more economical, than the present bom- bast and jingle Ir.shion ? Why, 1 have known a l^arson .get a check of $oO for buckling a couple together. Fifty years ago we got married at night, went to work at six in the morning, with all the sober realities of lite on our backs, and at eight o'clock found our breakfast made ready, for the tirst time, by the hands of her we loved best. In this there was a pleasure unspeakable and sub- lime. On Wednesday, we changed e.ur nether frock, soil- ed with brick-dust, coal-smoke, or the labor of the plane, and perhaps a rent in the sleeve, or a button gone astray. On Saturday night we found the shirt clean and neatly folded, the rent mended, and the stray button relumed to its place, and the stockings neatly mended, making them look a'most asgvde as neio. 'J'his was the labor of love. A bachelor has thii done for nuniev. but Ih'- wnphwoman embezzles his stockings, tenra his collars and throws liia vest to the wind, because she is is a hireling. The money spent by our young mechanica and clerks for board, washing, mending, tear, wear and cabbaging, political clubs and smoking Spanish cigars, is more than suliieient to support hiipsell' and an industrious wife. Fifty years ago Mrs. Washington knit stockings for her general ; — now there are not fifty larohalily correct, although on newly broken up sward land, it is said the disease does not make its appearance. Tliis kind of l.ind we believe has always produced the best [potatoes, and the evidence is not yet conclusive that the ravages can be stopped by plaiitin« on such land, because it has been fbiinil ttiat potatoes which when dug and placed in Ihe cellar Witi-ti in a perfectly sound slate to all apearaiice, have sometimes been en- tirely lost by the disease before spring. Wo find that this rot has [irevailed in Ger- many, England, Ireland, Scotl.ind, the United States and Nova Scotia, for sever.d years, but not until within the two last does it appear to have been so extensive in the United States, as to ex- cite much interest and anxiety among fanners. Associations of farmers and agricultural chemists in Euro))e have lieen busily engaged in investi- gating tiie nature of the disease, but have arrived at no satisfactory conclusion. 'I'he most plausi- ble opinion which was first advanced by a distin- guished German writer, iind which is adopted by the large cultivators in Ireland and Nova Scotia, is that it is owing to the continual replanting of the same seed ; and that to preserve the potato new varieties must be frequently produced from the seed. In Ireland and Nova Si-oti;i the disease has been known to some extent for nearly thirty years, and in L'eland we are told the far famed apple potato had becclue so constantly infected with it that its cultivation was soine years ago entirely abandoned, and it has become now e.x- tinct. In Nova Scotia the progress of this dis- tettiper among the potatoes seems to liave been somewhat singular. It has for a series of years been found to pervade particular farms, some- times aiipearing in the stalk like rust, long before the potato has arrived at m ituriiy, and on cutting open the young root the disease is found to ex- hibit itself in black spots throughout the inside of it. At other times tlie distem|)er has appeai'ed after the potato has been harvested and put into the cellar, the first intimation which the farmer received being an oif'iisivi! smell arising from their decomposition, and (^xperidnce has taught them in this contingency immediately to cull over the whole mass and remove every defective po- tato as it has been found rapidly to spread over the whole if this is not done. It has sometimes broken out -suddenly, and spread from farm to farm and cellar to cellar, lingering a few years and then entirely disappearing tor a time. After trying many remedies the farmers in that region, !ido|)ted the plan of planting the balls and thus procuring new seed v\'hioh in two or three years arrived at maturity and full size. We should be inclined to copy their e.xample in this respect, and also to seek lor other reme- dies, such as planting on sward land, ploiighing in O't depositing in the hill, lime, salt or some other substance, which could do no harm and might operate as a preventative. In particular, where there was any fear that the potatoes in the cellar might become infected, we should be in-r clined to try putting in occasionally n layer of lime among ihe potatoes. Our farmers generally are not careful enough to make experiments and note the results. If experiments are carefully followed up and the results accurately noted, an imnignse fund of knowledge is ultimately gained, even if not more than oiii- in a thousand proyeasupcesgfid. There nuuiDer ol Oirds liy artificial means, the only re- iway; tor shoats that have a cold, damp, com-' and animals, has given the chief direction to all ^\)t jTarmcr's iHtnitljli) lUisitor. is an aversion uinon;; innny liiiriieis lo circliilly makiiif; iind lecdrdinjr •■,\|ipiiiiieiiiiieiit was snrii's^lnl and we imd a fine lit- tle ero|) of eiuiiely (iiii and j;ood poiaioesi We lost llie jiinden llie next year anil laid no o|i|ior- tnnity to try llie cx|ieiiineiit any fiiitlier. — J\'tw- buryport Htrald. Sore Backs or Galls on Horses.— Rnli wliile lead in sweel oil iiiiiil a unod paint is made, and a|)|il) a coming; of lliis lo llie injured place. Rlilk will do wlieie no oil is lo lie liad. Il l^ one of the ino.xl efi'eclive a|i|ilii-alions. Some lor ihe same diffieuliy use a solulioii of vitriol in water; but in most rases the while lead is preferred. ■gooil. ''The merciful man ia merciful lo his beasts." Weslboro', Dec. (Jili, 181-1. A FARMER. '^AKl^G CARE OF Neat Stock. — Farmeis have toiled hard to secuie a supply of hay, and thinus of the fodder kind, and iire now (Ualiiii; oi;t. It is ifioii;;lit 1>J many, that almost any per- son will do to take care of stock, but they are very much mistaken. In no part of afiiicidlu- ral liusiness whatever, is a pruiknl, judicious per- son more needed. A vxistefal.ivjiijicious man in the barn is like a vasleful. injudicious woman in the house, mncli worse than nolhin;.'. Like a miiihty ror/cr, one thins "'"' another, that is val- iiaiilu is swallowed up, and «e know not where they go, or what good they ul siirr.ng. — ll Niighl l.'e tVi\\\ o'clock, the aioon had risen, and so clear was Ihe light, tint fte could sec the jackals ai the dist.wice (d hall a mile. sneaking along toward llie village, when a party (d" Brimparnes passing hy, slopped to waicr their bullocks at ll.e lank. 'J'liey loilered tor snrne time, and becoming impalient, I got oil the tree, with a single rifle in my hand, and went tov.ard lliein. telling them thai I was waicliing a tiger, upon which they started oH' iiii- rncdiattly. 1 \vas snuiitcring back to niy post, nev(_r dreaming (jT danger, when the sliikaree gave a low whi.>- tle, and at the same moment, a growl arose'l'rom the hushes between me and the tree. To make my silu.ition quite decided I saw the shikaree's black arm pointing nearly straight under hirn. on my side of his post, it was very evident that 1 could not regain the tree, though 1 was not twenty paces I'roin it. 'i'heve was nothing Tor me to do but lo drop down behir.d a bush and le:ive the rest to Providence, it" I hid moved then, the tiger would have II id me lo a certainty ; beside, 1 trusted to his killing the bullock, and returning to the jungle as 6O011 as he had fin- ished his supper. ll was terrible 10 hear the moans oC the poor bullock when the tiger approached. He would run lo the entl ol his rope, making a desperate effort lo br(;ak it, and then lie down sfiaking in every linib, and bellowing in the most piteous manner. The tiger saw him plain enough. bntsus- pecting Something w'rong. he walked growding around llio tree as though he did not observe him. At last he made bis fatal spring, with a horrid shriek ralln^.r than a roar. I could hear the tortured bullock struggling under him, iit- lering laint cries, which hecamo more and more lecblo every instant, and the heavy bronlhing, half growl, hall snoit ol Ihe monster, as he hung to tiis neck, sucking his lite-blood. I knew not wh it possessed ine at tha' mo- ment, but I could not resist the temptation o! a sliot. 1 crept Eolily within ten yards (d hini, and kneeled behind a clump ol (fall s, w Idle he lay wilh his nose buried 111 the bullock's throat. He started with an angry roar (rom the carcass, when the bullet hit hiin. H(; stood listening lor a moment, then dropped in Iront ol me, uttering a sullen grow!. There was nothing betW'een us but a dale bush ; I had no weapon bnl my d!>rharged rif^e. f leh lor iny pisli Is, but they fiad been lett in the tree. Then 1 knew uiat my hour was come, and the sins ol'my Iiie flashed with dread- ful distinctness across my mind. 1 muttered a shoripr.iy- er, and tried lo prepare myself for death, which seemed inevitable. Bui what w-as my jieon about all this time l — he had the spare guns with him. As I afterwards learn- ed, he, poor fellow, was trying to lire iny double-barrelled ritfe, but all my locks had itolls whicli he did not under- stand, and he ci>uld not cock it. He v/as a good shikaree, and knew that was my only chance; so when he coulddo no good, he did nothing. if Mohadeen liad been there, he would soon have relieved me, but I had seiit him on- otlier direction that day. Well some minutes passed thus. The tiger made no attempt to come at me ; a ray of hope cheered me; he might be d}ing. I peeped through the branrhcs, but my iiearl sunk within me when his bright green eyes mr I mine, and his hot breath absolutely blew in my lace. 1 sopped back on my knees in despair, and a growl warned me that even that slight movement was noticed. But why did he not attack meal once ? .V lig( r ia a suspicious, cowardly brute, and will seldom charfre unless he sees his prey disliiicily. iSow I was quite con- cealed by Ifie date leaves, and while 1 remained pcrlectly qniet I had still a c' unco. Suspense was becoming in- tolerable. My rifle lay usrdess by my side ; to atiempt to load il would have In en instant dealh. .My knees were bruised by Ifie hard gravid, hut 1 dare not move a joint. The tormenting iimsquitoes swarmed around my face, lull t Icarcd Lo raise iiiy iiand to bMl^ll them otf. Whenever the wind rufil((l the leave.*; that sludtered me, a hoarse growl eralf (I tlirougli Ifie stijln.ess t,"' and finally the calicoes are t;lazed, lohled, labelled, and are ready lor sale. The whole 0[)- eraiion frmn lieginning to end, is exiremely iii- leic-iing : and the rapidity and the perleci accu- racy with which Ihe fabrics are printed hy ihe rollers show an incalcuhdile improvement on ihe idd process of printing by band witb wooden block.-'. Cahpeti.ng. — At the carpet factory we saw them ninunlaeliu ino carpels by power loom; the machinery is a most c(uii|ilicale(l and ingenious invention of ti genilemaii of Lowell. This is the only eslalilishmenl in the world where car- pets are maiiulaetured and woven by inacbiiieiy, the inveiiliou being so recent thai it is still re- ganled as an experiment. No doubt, bowecer, can be entc'riained of its entire and perfect suc- cess, and in a few years hence, when the use of the power loom becomes general, we will be able to carpel every huiiBe in the I'uiled Stall's iiiid England, at one-half the price that il has hereto- fore eo^t ! The extraordinary working of this almost intelligent iiiachinery surpassed :dl com- plicated (oiiiplications 1 ever beheld. The '■;;«)- t/i'.? ojt)£)Y/)i(/(" snrptissed my couiprehensioii ; but there were ibe carpets rapidly growing in the looms; ciirpels ol two ply or llnee ply, ingrain and I'russi Is, all of the most hrilliant dye.", the most lieaulifid pallerns :.tid the most liisliionalile styles. The rug depiirtinenl, too, was fiill of iii- lerest and wonder, and an ong various kinds of rugs, we noticid one, which liiied the prilli- ng eslahlishii.inl.-, where ihe bright. »ihile liih- ric is by a rapid (iroce.ss eotiverleil inio the most Mniiagement of I'oiiltry. Poultry are siiliject ton vaiii ly of diseases, but nearly all of' a serious iiattire are aliriliutalih- to the effects o{' climate or wuni of 4-iire and skill. I'ip is caused hy a want of oleaii water, or by diiiiking duty water iu dry wealliir. (^iire — remove tbe white bru-Ier found upon ihe tongue, and \i ash il with wiirm vinegar and water — feed- ing the bird loi a few days with s'ciked Inan and leliuce; or c.ibb.ige chopped very line. I'^liix is ciiri d by pills of the yolk of an egg boiled liaid, mi.M'd \\itli brni.'X'd hemp sixil, or boiled barley diluted with wpie. aasnasiees^psis i^\)C iavmcr'0 iHont!)lij lUsitor. 5 Costiveiie.-js, tlie reverse nC ilie l^riner, is ciireil liy aiviii^ ilicin Iwet root i-hi)|>|ie(l tiiio or hraii iiiii) iViiter Willi ii lilili' lioiicy iiiixi'd. Veriiiiii iii.iy lie deslroyed liy tiiinijiuliiig the roosts wiili liriiiistone. SimI) :iik1 iicli an; eured liy feedili;; lliuin with moist lir.'iii. CrMiii|i is can-ieil liy cohl ami (lam|i. VVhi'n ufflir-ieil. llii^ liinis shoiihl not he alloweil to roost oot o)' iliiiHs, ami tlir? loost shoiihl ii« well si-- ciireil and warm — roll llie legs ami leet with a lillh? li-esii hiillcr. Ahsrcss tre(|iii'iilly cniiH'S upon tliP rnni|i, and is <'ant their various ailmenls, ni.iiiy wi:l perish. It is a truth, how- ever tli.it nbiiosi .'ill the diseases of poultry arise from .'itmospheric causes. With resficct to medical trentrnetit, apjilied lo the diseases of punltry, but little regarding its ef- ficacy is known. The nostrums jind mode of treatment adopted thronghoiit the country, to- gether with the great part of what has been writ- ten upon the subject, is a farrago of nonsense and absurdity. If shelter, warmth, fond, iuid cleauli- ne.ss, congenial to their habits, will not preserve lliem in health, but little reliance can be |ilaccd Upon medicine. Great care is necessary to ]irotect poultry from the ravages of the skunk, the innskrat, the lO.v, and other animals, who possess a taste so refined tis to prefer chicken to coarser food. — And to insure complete success on a large scale, suitable buildings sIkmiIiI be provided. A close room, which should be made to p\- dnde the wintry frosts, and also admit the balmy breeze of summer, should be provided for the iiiuchine.s, iiud should be kept as an ccciileohion hall. From this hall passages should lead to other rooms less tight and substantial, and many of them provided sviih room.». As the birds grow they should by degrees he moved along, until after si.t weeks, or tliereaboi:is, they will liave an open yard with roosting places under a shed. Ill this manner, by keepiim them in fiocks nf one or two hundred, and chanuing their roost- ing places fre((uently, by keeping them clean, &c., there will he no difficulty in raising any number jier annum, provided no old fowls are kept on the premises. With suitable cnnveni- eiiees there will be less trouble in raising one hundred thousand a year, than in raising one Imndred wiibnut them. To a successful rearing, therefore, of a large number of birds by artificial means, the oidy re- ipiired essentials are,a s'lflieient nnmberof these machines; snit.ible hnildiiigs; w.-irmtli and pro- tection iVoiii dampness ; proper tbod ; ami a care- ful atieniion to cleanliness in all respects. An e>tal)lishiuent so cmistrncjted aiirl so conducted caniiot liiil to pay :m immense profit to its pro- prietor. Tlie best food lor eliickeii-i initil three or four days old is egL^s, either stale or fresh, boiled hard and cut into vt;ry small pieces. After which, meal w-et up, and hoiiiiny dry. As they grow older, the feed should be varied, and they should have uini(t or less green fooil, like lettuce, cab- biige, endive, &c., choppeil fine, and mixed with their meal ; and Ojipered milk and bonny-clab- ber i.4 most excellent." Cold boiled pot.-iloes, Iresh meat, crusts of bread soaked, and many other things nsnally llirovvii to the pigs, are ex- cellent and profitable foixl for ail kinds of galli- naceous fowl. — MiikWs Treatise, on PoiLllry. Keep your best Stock. Many (armers are in the habit of selling their best animals, as they will bring llie highest price. A :;reater mistake eaiiiioi be made. A diffiireuce of ten or twenty per cent, in the price of a single animal, is a small aft'iir compared with this dif- ti'renc-e in a whole herd. By keeping the very best to propairate from, the H hole may be made of equal excellence, and in the course of a few years, numerous animals might be produced having the excellent properties that now distin- guish some few of the best. What should we say o( a (iirmer who hiis sev- eral highly valuable varieties of potatoes, and other kinds that are inliirior, and tor the sake of ten cents extra a bushel, he sells for consumption all his best varieties, and plants those that are inferior, when in consequence of this imprudent measure, his next cro|i will fall short twenty-five per cent. Every one will condi-mn this course, and few, if any, are so wanting in discretion as lo pursue it ; yet many take a similar course in selling their best animalis and proptigating from the poor. For the purpose of work, beef, and the dairy, there are probably no cattle superior to our native breed, whereatteiuion has been given to improve them, ihoiigh some improvement for certain piir- (loses may be made by a cross with foreign breeds, that excel in the qiialities desired. There is a vast ilitTereuce in onr ctiule in sections where mindi .■iiipnlion has been given to inqnove- nients by selecting the best, when contrasted with those where little or no attention has been paid to the subject, and as a matter of course, the best have been sold, or eaten up, because lliey were the fattest. Every man that liiises slock has it in bis posver to make inq.roveiiient, and he should avail himself of till the advantages .•iroimd him to tnru this power to the benefit of himself and posterity. — Boston Cullivator. Ibitless bed, will get maiigy,and Jiiano-i/ pigs can - not grow. Let nny one who has a mind to try theexperimeiu, take two pigs of the same litter, snlR'riiii! the one to run as above, and let the other be well hotised, and well fed, and it will he found iiiat the superior growth of the l.ilter will pay (iir liie care bestowed upon him, wiih good interest. Fiogs that are confined, and c;innoi get to the earth, will freipieiitly he benefitted by hav- ing a little (diarcoal, soft brickbats, or soft wood thrown into them, and a trifling (pianliiy of brini- Mtiiiie mixiil in their food oce.isioimlly, is tin ex- cellent thing. The hog has the credit of being a dirty (ellow — but we shoidd remember that he likes to be dirty in his own way, ami tiir his own pleasure: he neiiher [irefn's to live cold, nor in filth — still h.'ss does be choose lo be half tvi\. Dr. Franklin's man said the hog w.is the only gentle- man in England, bec.iuse he alone was exonera- ted iVom labor. If this be so, surely be ought to he well fed ;ind well hon.sed in America. I en- tirely believe that the same amount of food that will barely carry a |;ig through the winter with bad management, will with good, prudent treat- ment, kei!p him growing, and in the spring you have soi7iething to build upon, that will by and by make you a solid jiorker, who will do credit to your stye. Essex. J\/'ewark, JV. J. To DESTROY Lice on Catti-e. — Grease, fat, laril, or any oily substance, if applied to neat cattle iuft-sted W'iih pediciili, will have the desired effi'ct; it must be applied by being well rubbed into the hair on those parts where the vermin are found, and repeated until they are destroyed. Insects have no lungs, but hreiithe by spiracles or minute holes in their bodies, and if these spi- racles are clogged with grease or (lit, they become suffocated ami din. Goose grease, hogs' fat, pot- skimmings, will till answer the purpo,se,and may be obtained in any liirtuer's liimily wiliiout co>t. Tobacco, also, will kill these virtnen on cattle, by its operation on them as poison. A simple in- fusion of tobacco, applied warm and rubbed in- to the neck or dew-la|is, or wherever found, so as to completely wet the hairs, and repetited at an interval of a few days, will destroy the nits and lice in a short time and tit a cheap rate. The curry-comb should be used after the application. — Ex. Paper. A Fact for Farimers. — A writer in the Ten- nessee Agriciilliiralist sttites, that chickens and fiiwls fed with corn ground coarse, as for instance, hominy, will never have the gapes. From lilt? r'tirinnr's Cabinet. Warm Beds for Pigs. To THE Editor. ^I very well remember a say- ingof an old gentleman, an e.xcellent farmer, that if you would make a hog profitable, you should not let liim ever see a winter; and 1 think I litive satisfied mysellj that spring pigs well kept and nursed, are tar less ex|iensive, and yield more in return tor their keep than those which are fifteen or eighteen inonlhs old. But there is one thing (piite certain ; if we prefer our store hogs to come in the fall, we ought lo be careful (o keep them throtiirh our long cohl winters, both warm and dry. Every observtmt farmer knows that if his cattle ai'e not sheltered from the cold weather and storms, they will require much luoi'e tbod to keep them in tolerable order, than if they are kept warm .and comlbrtable. Just so it is with pigs — if they tire suflered to run over yonr premi- ses in the snow .ami sleet, w itli their legs and smint as red as th'' gill of your goliler, without a vvjirm and dry bed of clean straw to resort to when they choose, they will not only, in all prob- ability come out with mange in llie s|iring, hut every grunt they give will convince you that all Cure for the Distemper i.v Cattle. — I can- not resist giving a receipt fiir the tretitment of beasts that may take the prevalent distenqier. It showed itself' last winter in one of my yard stock, by discharging abundant saliva from the mouth, with sore and inflamed tongue and gums, no ap|jetiie, confined bowel.*, and very hot boriKS. I desired the bailiff' to give him one half-pint of the spirits of turpentine, wiih one pint of linseed oil, repealing the oil in iwenty-four hours, and ag.aiii repealing it according to the state of tlie evacnalions. At the end of twenty-four hours more, the bowels not having been well moved, I repeated both turpentine and oil. In two days the lieast showed symptoms of amendment, and in three or four took to his tbod tigain, anil did perfectly well. .All the yard beasts and two of the liitlening beasts have had it, and all h..ve been treated in the same manner, with perfect success. Little beside oatmeal gruel was given. — Quarterly Journal of .Igricullure. Professor Leibi?. The following is an extract from a speech of this flistinguished gentleinan, at a recent dinner to which he was invited, in Glasgow, Scot- land : — ■• Practical experience possesses unquestiona- ble value; but it is like a vessel, to which, in the form of Science, the compass or the pilot is wjiiit- ing ; it is a treasure which cannot be inherited. Science enables us to bequeath this treasure to our children, and it enables our children to in- crease their store. Science teaches us to recog- nize tlie food of plants, and the sources from which it is derived. This knowledge alone makes lis the true masters of the soil — the lords of our capital. We can now see where we are guilty of waste, antl where we are too sparing. The great truth that animal manures are nothing else but the ashes of the food produced from our the food they have devoured, has been thrown fields, consumed or burned in the bodies of meu away; for shoats that have a cold, damp, com- 'and animals, has given the chief direction to all - .-r-.- -v^ T I-* " 6 g()c JTarmcf^g illontl)b ili0itor. tlie modern improvements in agiieuilure. VVlio would have tlioiii^lit ii jiossible, n lew years ago, tliat f{as-\vorks would ^ield a powerCul manure? We now know on what the exhaustion of our Boil dwpends: it is, the most |irecious ingre- dients of tlie soil, v^hi(,■ll we remove in the crops, and tlius impoverisli our fields. J5y ana- lysinj: the nslies of plants-, we learn what we must replace in order to restore the original tertiliiy of the soil. " Africa and Peru supply us with the mineral elements of bjead and flesh, in guano; and chemical works tiow produce the other iijineral suhsiunces which are indispensable lo turnips and potatoes. (tJhcers.) It is evident to all that the present age has entered npun a new jmth ; we have now to do with the real, not with the imaginary value of manure. (Ajiplanse.) As we have now learned how to measure the value of nn acid or an alkali, so we can now ascertain the true value of a manure. This, therefore, is pre- cisely what we Inust expend on the soil, in order lo obtain a profl: for the capital of tlie farmei- consists of his labor and his ujanure. Much, certainly, remains to be done. The mineral food of the plants of all countries must be as- certained by the analysis of their ashes; we must determine which substances are essential, which accidenlal; we nuist endeavor to finri out in which plant one ingredient or another may be replaced, as lime by magnesia, or jiotash by soda." The English papers announce the death of Lord Western, oi' Felix Hall, Essex, lie was in his 78th year. M" was a devoted patron of agri- culture, and as such, his name will long rank with those of Sfiencer, Coke, and others of his country. His Ihnn has for several years been a leading object ni' cnriosily with the agricultural tourist ; and a uolcomc and ready hospitality was always extended to those who called to inspect either the farm or the mansion. He was never marrieroper lime oflcu has such a tnagical effect on the invalid, that he comes out in the S|iring ns brisk and hale as the best of the (fock- a much more gratifying fiicl, truly, than to see his carcass hanging on a tree fijr thecrows to [lick. If it is designed to raise early lambs for mar- ket, the ewes should be at once provided with warm, dry shelter, and fed svith a little grain, and some roots, such as potatoes, tiirneps, or beets. This will ensure a strong, healthy lamb, with plenty of milk to feed him. Cold weather gives catlle and other stock sharp appeiites, and this is the best lime in the wintei- to feed out poor fodder. Give it to the stock in small quantities at a titne, replenishiii!; the man- gers as often as they are cleaned, till the animals get their fill. It is not good policy to make milch cows cat too much poor fmhler— it had better be fed mostly to the young cattle, such as sieersand two-year-old heifers. Considerable advantage is sometimes derived fi-om cutting fodder with a machine. Clover hay and straw, cut fine and mixed together, may be fed in this way without waste. Corn-fodder, if the stalks are small and well cured, will all be eaten if it is cut pretty fine. But it is not so with large stalk.«, which are veiy coarse and fibrous, and the sap of which becomes sour before they can be cured ; cattle will not eat such much sooner than they would eat I heir hoofs. It is of hut linle use to cut stuff for cattle to eat which is absolutely !i)!e(j/f/i/c. It is true that animals will sometimes reject long fodder which is really nntricious, and which woidd be eaten if passed through a cutler; but the idea should never be taken from this, that culling substances which .arc little else than woody fibre, will convert them into ])roper food for animals. In ihe westei-n section of the country, where large herds are kept, sheltering and feeding un- der cover is attended with more inconveidence ; hut we are saiisfied that the extension of the practice even there, would be (()lloweil by ad- vantages more than counterbalancing the trouble. There is a great differeneo in the management of larmers in that region— the contrast between good and bad faruung being as strikingly shown there as anywhere else— but it is often" the case that the Slock is permitted to range at will over the wlicde farm. The loss which is sustained from ihe \vast(.' of food, the injury dune; to liie land by the treading of the cattle ujien it is wi't and sofi, and, as a matter of course, the great waste of (lesh in the animals, is incalculable. The prac- li<-e of fi'eding catlle almost entirely on corn- tiiddei-, uhii;h in that country is very Ion;; ami coarse, is ipiito nn obstacle lo"harn or yard fi-ed- ing; but where this cannot bo adoiiti'd", the stock should be fed on dry lands, with, if possible, a strong, blue-grass sod, and by all means shehered from the bleak and culting winds, by a (wvm or belt of trees.— .;//). Cu)l. many years, and having found a reinedv, give it lor the henelit of your readers. The roi in pomioes commenced in this section of the country about ten vears ago ; one-third of a crop was frequenlly lost by it, and olien in the sprmg, hundreds of bushels have been thrown from the cellar (|uite useless. For some verus |>asi 1 have used slaked lime, which 1 sprinkle on the potatoes as soon as they are cut for seed, aud shovel them over in it, and plant them im- mediately. Since I have adopted ihis plan, I have not lost a jiotato, eilher in the ground, or after they were put in the cellar; and such of my neighbors as follow my example, are alike fortu- nate, and ill no way troubled wiih the rot. When oilier potatoes were troubled with the rot— three varieties of mine were exempt from It, viz: the "Cups," "IJIack Apple," and "Red Apple ' potatoes. I shall be glad if auv of your correspondents can explain why llicv,"wiili the same treatment, were not subject to the rot like other kinds. I find it best to plant each kind of potatoes separate, otherwise if the .seed he mi.\cd, a few years will (iroduce quite a diflerent kind of tio- taloes. I have often raised seed from the potatoe balls. The potato will obtain its growth in four jeai-s; hut the second year, the best variety may be so- lecled for yielding and fiir the table. About seven years .since, I lai.-ied from the hall an excellent kind of potato, resembling very much the '•White blue nose," which! call "Howwds;" they yield largely, and are of fine flavor, and prefcrr-d here to ihe "White blue nose." It any of the above varieties of potatoes are wanted in your neighborhood, 1 can shin them to Koston,and if you will accept a barrel as sam|ilc, 1 will forward them as you may direct. Yours truly. JOSEPH WALTOX. Sumt Andrew's, .^t«,' Brumwick, Nov. 20, 181-J. Tlie fact is worthy of consideration that sci- enlilic, experimental farming has added more to the population of ihe Island of Great Britain, within the last 44 years, than it had increased' during Ihe 4'.-3 years ending with the close of ihe 18lh century. 'J'his wonderful and sudden in- crease of the human flimily has occurred in spite of the wars which desolaled Europe for 1.5 years in this cenliiiT, till the great bailie of Waterloo; and in spite of the lens and hundreds of thou- sands of native Englishmen, uh • have emi^'nited to British colonies, to disiant .-oysts and islands, and to foreign nations. As vet the prolific liuht of science has hardly begun to shine on the culti- vated holds of " old England." It was but yester- day that the governm'ents of Europe saw the folly and madness of human butchery, and wisely resolved " lo heal their spears into pruning luioks, and their swords into ploughshares." This is now done, and wiih the increased means for the support of our race, the human family are mul- tiplying on the continent wiih a rapidiiy ;hat has no parallel in the history of the world. Labor .saving mncliincry in a thousand forms, serves to keep millions from mechanical pursuiis. In all these operation.*, steam peiTorms ihe labor of human hands. Hence, rural industry cheap, and the price of all agricultural" is coiiftanily on the decline.—, //i. Cull. IS very M-oducts from the Albany f'ultivator. Ilcmedy for the Uot in the Potato. IMn. Editor: — 1 notice in the November imni- ber of the Cultivator, complaints made about the "rot" in (lotatocs. 1 was troubled with it (or Everybody's Clinpter. TiiE Potato.— It is principally to the (iimous IM. I iirmentiir, that France owes the;;(Miernl use of polaines. 'J'he following anec.lnte may give some idea of the assidniiy wiih which this phi- hmthropic indiyidiial labdrcd to ui'ucridize their culture: it is well alteslcd that he (iirmed some spots of ground, in ihe vicinity of Pari.-^, fiir Ihis sole purpose, though the preju'dice nirainsl pota- toes WHS ihen .so siroiig, th„t few 'of the poor persons to whom he ofiered the root.s would ac- cept of thi'iu. However, M. Parmenlier soon sus))ected that peo[ile occasionally stole his po- latocs to eat them; he Has well idcased at this, and coniinueil lo plant uhat I;.' lio|»-d would bo pin loiued, righlly concluding ihat ihe experience o( the thieves would coniribiite lo diminish the es- tablished prejudice. Afler much Irouble anil inanv years, he hail succeedcil in propogating> polatoes in several situations, when the dreadful .scarcity, the consequence and ed'cct of the revolutionary m)c farmci-'B iHontt)li) bifiitor. distiiiliaiices, stidileiily rendered ilieir cultivation universal; and now tliey form so constant an articli: ol' I'uod, llial l.l>3 coininuii piioplo ^eiK'ral- ly lieliuvo tlieiij t>, 1)b aboriginid natives of tlie COIIli"..J. To OrsTP.OT Wasps' NVcts.— Professor Hens- Iniv has discovered that turpentin.', phiced at the entrance of the nest, uas liital to tliese insects. The hest mode nf a).|il\in2 ii, is to put tlie tiir- ])eiitine in a bottle (as innch as will merely vvct the side of the hoitle is siiffii-iiMit.) anil insert the neck of the hottle in the hole leadinL' to the nest, SMrrmnidinff it with some earth. If applied in the dtisU of the evening', every wasp will be dead by the following morning. Anothkr L'SE fob India Rubber. — An Eng- lish paper sa\s that caoiilchonc is an excellent remedy lor toothache. Alter the cavity of the tooth is cleaned, a piece of caontihouc is pnt on a wire, and being soflened in the flame of a can- dle, is pressed while warm into the tooth ; tluis the air is Uept from the nerve, and the cause of toothache removed. The ISToNKEv's Tmck. — Lonl Taynham's French cook so trained a moidiey as to make him nselid in plm-kiiiu- his poidlry and winged g!ime lor the spil. The monkey was one day followiiiL' his occupation at the open window of the back kitchen, and had just plucked one of a brace of parlridues, when a hawk pounced iqion it and carried it off! Poor Pug was in a sad fri'.'hi. well knowiiigthe lickingthat awaited him. .\'il ili-.^'pcrandum, however, v\ as his motto. He plucked his courage n[> and the remaining parl- ridire, and hiiil the bird in the window. Tlie hawk, pleased with the it'ast, retiu-ned for an- other tit-bit; when i\lum seized him, and in spite of his fcialching and s(M-eechiug, plucked him alive, and laid him and the iiartridge down he- t'oie the cook, and with a gesture slrimger than language, seemeil tossy: '• It's all right ; there's your brace of birds— a fair exchange is no rob- bery." Apple Trees. — Apide trees live to a great age. There is a tree on Peak's Island, Portland llar- bia-, that has been known to bear fruit every sea- son for tnoi-e llum a hundred years. There are a|'|rle trees in Plymouth coimty, Massachusetts, nearly two himd'red years old. They continue to bear good fruit. A Railroad from the Atlantic to the Pa- cific—We extract the following from the St. Augustine iNews, of the 23d November:— '• By an arrival at Key West, a few days since, of a vessel fiom the Spanish Main, we learn that the French Government have bec;n actively engaged for the last two mouths in l.iying rails, grading, and otherwise making prejiaraiion for a steam conveyance from Porto Belln to Panama, thus coimecling the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and doing away for the present any intent upon cut- ting a Canal at the Isthmus." The OlpestIIorse in the Union.— Mr. Man- ran, ol' 7'2 Wall street. New Vork, owns a horse that is forly-two jearsold ; he drives him to Stiiteu Islunil.aliimst daily, and he can travel a mile in less than four ininuies. If any one has an older one, let him "trot him out." Exportation of Indian Corn. — The quantity of Indian corn shipped from New York to Eng- land during the first eight months of 1844, was one hundred find ninety thousand bushels.- Same months in 1843, only thirty-tive thousand bushels. Wool. — Four thousand pounds of wool from Chicago were sold at Bntfalo, hist month, for twenty-five cents per pound. The increase of wool in the West is about twenty-five per cent, a year. under good man.igement, causes it to improve and increase in value from year to year. In man- nnicturiii!;, tiie interest on the capital may be re- ceived within six or twelve months. In farming- it may not be so, but it will be sure to give its return in a series of jears. Another item which has been luucli negfected by farmers, is that of puieliasing good implements lo cany on their firming operations. In this country, where man- ual labor is high, a fin'mer should obtain as many labor-saviuir iinplemeuts as can be used to ad- vantage. Gel tlie best imploioents to be had, even if you have to go out of the Stale for them, and you will tlius be enabled to pi-rlbrm more work in a betier tiianuer. beside saving much la- bor, a-d preventing a great- deal of /reHin^ and ill temper. Try it ami see." filSj.KlllM> CONCORD, N. H., JAjMUAKY 31. 1843. Farmi.-ig Capital. — From a commnnication of L. Dmand, we make (says the Albany Cultivator) the following extracts: — "I think it correct to say, that a liberal expen- diture of capital in farmin!!, will untimatcdy pay better than when laid out in any other business. The ditierence between capital laid out in farm- inif, and that laid out in iiiannfacluring, is, thai all which is expended in the laller beyond the !iclual profit of the goods manufactured, is a dead loss, while Ihnt wliich is laid vM on the farm, ,......,...,. .,C5 upon the other sid The Editor of the Visitor from Home. The editor of the Visitor very pleasantly spent the last week of the year 1844, on his way by railroad from Boston lo .\lbany, including three week-days and the Sabbath, at and near the an-_ cient Dulch town, now the capital and seat ol ihe L^-^islature of the Empire Slate, and on Ins way iVoin thence by llarlliird "i Connecticut, waking up at early dawn on the first dav of the new year at 'the wharf in the city of New York. It is neillierwilh a political or military eye that we scan the country through which we pass in travellins to the several points.— Agiiciilture — especially since we have conducted the humble journal which is less noticed in the world than 'those who profess to instruct the statesman and guide the politician, but more highly valued, we will avouch, by those who have steadily patron- ized and perused us, than the best of their mere- ly political newspapers;— Agriculture, its ad- vancement and tiie improvements which present to the farmer the sure means of pecuniary inde- pendence and a happy fireside; these are the in- teresting topics which most interest us when ranging abro id, either within or beyond the limits of our own State. The whole distance described above of nearly five hundred miles, is now travelled at the rate of twenty miles an hour; and so much better and safer is a siood railroad than all other rnodes of travel, that" in passing from the seat of gov- ernment of the Ein|iire Slate in the interior to the commercial c;ipital of the same Slate, an hundred miles at a right angle out of the direct point are retiai-cd wiih the lleetness of the wind, to put us in the \\i\y for the most lajiid termina- tion to the journey. The facilities to business, we may say not the least to the fiirmers' business, by the railroails in the cc.mmonweallh of Massacliusells. and espe- cially of the great railroad passing through the heart of the commonweallh and the Berkshire mountains to the line of the State of New York, begin as yet to be scarcely appreciated by the people of other States, 'i'he expanded limits and the rapid strides to wealth of the city o( Boston are but an indication of the growing prosperity of nearly every interior town of old Massachusetts. Manulaclnres spring up in al- most every considerable town ; and the operatives of these •■(■ncrally present a ready market for all the surplus iiroducis of the fiiriner in such town. These manufactures not only use u|i the power of every waterfill, but they give employment to the spaie labor of men, women ami cliildrcu, in- deiiendent of both water and steam power.— As one instance, a single firm in the city of Boston employ sixiv persons in the town of Shrewsbury in the manu'facture of one kind of shoes. These are made wiih great imilbrinity and care, and supplied in giviMi qnaiitilies each week. The leather of vvliich they are made is so assorted as to be aiqiropriate toil's peculiar class. The boxes, containing the various sizes of one kin;l, are made and marked so as to indicate the iinality of each by the number. Without oiiening them, they are sold as fast as they are received, lo irad good and perfect article is continued to the safe customers who first gave their order for better kinds. The quantity of le.ilher and other ma- terials consumed in tlie imiking >)f boots n'ld shoes in .Massachusetts would bo considered nl- inosl incredible. The transport of the article is no inconsiderable item. A r.iilroad is considered of so much consequence to ihe village where hundreds are engaged in the manntlictures, of which leather is the principal nciterial, that many of these villages have petitioned the Legislature for railroad grants. Passing through the commonwealth of Mas.sa- chusetts one can scarcely I'lil to observe the iin- provemcnts which are lakiuL' place in her agri- cnltiire. The time of our journey — the usual mid-winter — was not the mosi propitious for re- alizing the beauties of well cultivated fields; but the usual fleecy covering had not yet come to shin out a view' of the open fields, although the eonlinued frosts had done their customary work of nipping ihe green vegetation, and the chill winds of November had denuded the trees of their summer foliage. The work of the fanner in the march ol' improvement was, however, dis- cernible upon the face of his fields. The prepa- rations of manure, that one thing neeilful, are apparent both in the fields and by the road side. The reclamalion of cold swamp i.mds is becom- ing more and more general. These tiirnish the materials for manure in what may be spared when taken from the ditches necessary for per- fect drainage. It is truly gratifying to the eye when cast over the many acres of f(>ns and bogs converted into productive fiehls by artificial means and the hand of man. As an instance of the value of railroads to a conniry town, the farmers of SYesi borough, some forty miles out of Worcester, unite to kee(> up a dep'ot in the city of Boston for supplying rnany milk customns' in the city. The milk is sent daily, fresh from the cow, a'i a distance which, in a two days ride over hilly roads in the vehicles, thirty years ago, would churn the whole, before its arrival, into sourness and billtermilk. On the railroad this milk i* furnisheil with equal fresh- ness and liicility as that of the milk farmer less than half a dozen miles out ol' Boston. It has been the prevailing opinion that the rail- road passing tlirongh a town would carry away its business and iis'euterprisc. The fact that the noble old town of Worcester has more than donliled its trade and its various manufactures in consequence of the facilities which the first up- hill enterprize of constructing a railroad from Boston to the heart of the commonwealth has furnished to that town, which may now well be denoniinated a city of the interior, will standout as a denial of this doctrine, siinre she has not only one but two railioads carrying off her business in different directions, but has a prospect of a third to Providence in a ditfereut direction to the seaboard, and a fourth, connecting her internally in New Hampshire with the Merrimack river valley, and shortening the way with the whole westerly and northerly part of ihe Granite State by the distance of some fifty miles. If the town of Worcesier iiiiled us on this point, shall we not find the proof in Springfield, fifty miles west on Connecticut river, which within the last four years has raised her popula- tion from 10,000 to 16,000 inhabitants; and the incre.-ise mainly employed in producing and send- ing fiulh those'manufactures which return wealth to their owners in a continued stream, and which contribute to the wealth and comfort of the thou- sands of operatives who fill up the measure of the prosperity of this beautiful town. Spring- field is indeed a splendid town I Near the elder village we have the United States Arinory and its appendages. A constant stream, having itssouf- ces only a few miles bark in the town of Wil- brahnm, comes down the rapid bank as it ap- proaches the Connecticut river. On this stream are successive water powers doing the work of many hands in the manufacture of the United Stales arms. Here gun-stocks ui one iilace, gun- barrels and gun-locks in another, made to pat- tern, are mannfiictnred. The .sairie stream and the same water is also the power wliich for many years in the establishment of the Messrs. Ames has fiirnished beautiful writing and letter papers for all parts of the United States. Overlooking this stream and tlie. line old town which has 's at miiiuriiv— \\if.-jt and v\li, Krowili. tliev are soio as uim .<» nic* a*^ ,^^^,^^^, -^ ..« - ....-,..-. .,.,,, ersalthe south and west ; and the supply of a doubled its byildm • J,--, ....^.o-VaMu'some siiink'e dor! I- il,-,t ,.,,",. i p-'" ■'' 'nun "i'.' |":uit nrnvi cie of! paying as the price of the [l^^.'lhret'lle.lts e^ I Z t^u^suli^^li^t^'^ ;ir it rrqiiict s . £1QW . '•■^"'-""^ 8 ^l)c i'aviucr'g illnntljlij lUsitov. the Arsenal with iis aci-oinpanjing luiildiiifjs, the pro|)erty of the goveriiiiient of'tho Uniled States, situated iipup tin; elev.ited plain: at this |)lace several hiitidied persons arc kept in constant employment. The fnst superintendent of these nuhlic vvorlis, ajipoinled to that office hy Wash- ington as early as l7iK5 or '94, yet survives in the person ol' David A inc.-', Ksf|., now between the age of (Eighty ami nincly years, whose enter|)rise has done more perhaps than any other man of the country in improving the quantity and ipiality of papers hero manulhctured. There is not in the wliole valley of the Connecticut — and this valley no where exceeded in this or any other country for its fertility and its beautil'ul scenery — there is no more beantiful place than Spring- field. The elinjale of iliis place seems to he far removed south of the other villages of New Eng- land: the foliage of its numerous trees and herb- age of its gardens is .»ome weeks in advance of that out of Boston nearer to the seaboard. Its well-constructed and handsome buildings are doubly adorned by the fine yards and lancy gar- dens which surround them as you rise by the gentle declivity receding from the river. At the return of each Sabbath, tlie well-filled churches of the different denominations discover a popu- lation as stable in morals and religion as they are in all the means of temporal prosperity. But a larger siream, having its sources some thirty miles back in the interior of Worcester county, by its waier-power, has most contrihuted to the growth of this ancient town. Cbickopee river furnishes the motive power for carrying abundance of manufacturing machineiy. Cbick- opee village is six miles distant from the railroad depot at Springfield— this has several large cotton factories, and a papei-mill belonging to the Messrs. Ames sonic two hundred feet long: this paper-mill is older than the other factories, and has recently been bargained away for the sum of $20,000 or 25,000. Two miles below Chickuiiee and nearer to the Depot, is the manufacturing village of Cabotville, which has been more re- cei.lly built up in successive pstablishmenis erec- ted by the propriflors of the oiiginal water pow- er. Here is Ames' celebrated factory, at which the various war implements are constructed from the small pistol to the largest brass artillery pieces. At this establishment t!:c most perfect fire arms arc made: it is here the elegant silver- plated and gold mounted swords and sabres vot- ed by Congress and by different State Legisla- tures as a reward for distinguished merit, have been generally made. These two \illages, su- burban to Springfielil, contain a |)opnlution of COOO. Passing the river over u briilge of some fifiy rods in extent to the west, we strike West Spring- field, a town reaching on the west bank of the river to the line id' Norlham|iton : thence to the soulli-wesi, Wcslfield, a large \illage famed for the mannlacture of wlii[)s. Up the valley of the Westfield river is the course of the m;ignificent railway which surmounts the moimlain?- of west- ern I\Iass:ichnsett'. The sinuous com-se of this stream as if fidls in numerous cascades Ihrough lie gorges of its own excavation made in the Berkshire monniains, reiiders a l'r< fjm nt crossing necessary; and this is done in some dozen, fif- teen, and may be twenty granite bridges as per- manent and lasting as tlie monniains themselves, in arches of a single span tlirongh uidch the foaming waters are carried with o velocity that cannot brook resistance. The great pass-way at once opens the fore t to the beneficial uses of man: on the moimtain sides, im[)ending over head at either band, idmndance of trees either for fuel or timber have already fallen under the woodman's axe, piles of which are ranged in the valley below, ready to be transported upon the railway any distance — a greater ahundancw>9;-s no iiKluceinent fur improvement, and lue land and buildings under the dilapidations of lime become less and less vahiabh'. Among the lease- holders the rents had lately come to be consid- ered so much a matter of oppression as to unite whole neighborhoods in resistance to he execu- tion of the lav.s of the land. The energy of the government in arresting the leading offenders has lately changed the current, so that with a due anielioratiou of the laus of landlord and tenant, rpiiet will probably be restored. Perpetual ina- iKM'age, as in ihe case of these New York lainls, is not in consonance wiih the prosperity of a free people. It is so much against the common pros- perity and the vajue of properly, that the rich owners of the lands will prefer ihe alienalion of title on a fair compensaliou as a step advancing most their own interest. — Kinilerhook, some fif- teen miles below Albany, is a north town on the river of Columbia county. This town is the na- tive place of Martin Van Buren, late President of the C'nited States; and to it he returns as his permanent residence of private life after having enjoyed the confidence of his countrymen iu the highest otiice in the gift of the Republic. Lin- denwold, the place he has choacii for his resi- dence, is a country seat two or three miles distant from the principal village of the lownship of Kinderhook, and about four miles disianl Iroin the landing ujiun the river ai the west, and the same dislance from Ihe depot of the western railroad on the east. The place was the country seat of ibe late Pclej- Van Ness, a wealthy mer- chant of Columbia county, the father of the late Judge Wm. P. Van Ness of New Y'ork, and of the late Governor of Vermont and presenl col- lector of the port of New York. jMr. Van Buren was the law ;;tndent in the office of the lalejudije as the companion of ihe atlerwards Vermont Governor, and has the merit of gaining the higli- esl point in bis profession by his almost unaided , efTorts, wilhout the bcnrfit of a collegiate educa- tion. In easy circumstances he made the pur- chase of the lipst house ever erected in his coun- ty, with the fine lauds surrounding it, at much less than the original cost. The price of this purchase was .$ 15,000: it consisted of some two hundred acres ol' land. The mansion bouse and its appendant bui'dings were surrounded by am- ple garden and pleasure grounds: among the iniprovements was an orcliard producing fiuit which enabled Mr. Van Buren to ship to England some hundreil barrels of such apples as ;ire sought in Europe as the fruit most desirable to English epicures. The latp President bad made great improveinents upon this beautiful place since it has become his properly, increasing lis cost to about the sum of .*:)(),000. He has not been unmindful of that which should most claim the altenlion of the [Patriot and philanlhropist ri;tiring from Ihe cares of public life — ihe im- provement of the agricnilure of the couulry. He has reclaimed hitherlo useless swamp lands, and prides liiuis( If in making that portion of his land Iiroduce which had yielded nothing valuable be- fore. In the work of improvement the retired genileinaii doubiless finds the euiployment most pleasant In an active mind that can brook any thing belter than inaclion. North of Kindeihook is the south line of Rensselaer county on the east side of the Hud- son, anil westerly on the opposite side is the county of .VIbany including iln,' aiicicul Dutch cily. .\ K'U'ge porlicni of lliese conutics is cov- ered by the Rensselaer claim, the whole of w hicli was the properly of the lale Patroon, Stephen Van Riwisselaer, for many years a member of Congress, and a gentlemiin of iriost amiahle and benevtdent charMCtcr. .\ little out of Albany on ihe way lo'l'roy is ihe hcanlifnl mansion and lalo scat of the Patroon, siirronndid with ancient trees like Ihe palace of some English nohleman. Ono son, with tlje inheritance upon the .Mbany siile, is the owner of this magnificent seat. Upon the other sidi' another son isllie lord of the Renssel- aer manor; and this gcnllem.in has recently erected a house and its appemlages at the cost of idioiit a hundred thousand dollars. Indeed it may be said that the wealth of the fiimily comes in from a thousand sources. Wc have written thiisfurasbut thecomineiicc- ^i)c faimcr'5 iHcintl)In bisitor. liieiit of .'nailer lliat might be made more inrer- esting to the fiieruls of improved farming. (To be conlinued.) The Commissioner of the Patent Office at Washington has done ninch for the difl'nsion of facts connccli-d with ihu agriculinral improve- nicnts of the coiinii-v williin tlie last few years. His annual reporis present eacli year a eolleclion of statistical inlijrnjalion of great valne lo the farmer. We are pleased to tind that his efti>rts meet with general favor tlnonghotit llie connlry. His fnriheoniing report, to he presented to Con- gi-css in the ensidng nionlh of Fehruary, will he an improvement on those which have "preceded it. The e.xperiencu gaijied every year the lietter enahles him to nuuk with acein-acy the lesultsof the year jost passed. ]ji addition to the patented improvements of the country, the Patent Oflice has a correspondence more e,\tensive than any institute or soci,,.ty of the several Stales has the ahifity to combine and gather: it has ready access to every locality which can cxhihit in the" way of improvement some new source of wealth and prosperity. In relation to trade, Mr. Ellsworth mentioned to lis a fact of which we were not aware, allhough residing much nearer to the British provinces than he does, that the increase of wheat sent from the United States into Canada during the last year has risen from 50,000 to 400,000 linshels. This wheat, [laying a duty ofS:] cents the hushel, is converted ijito flour and shipped to England as her own production. Tliis is better for our connlry than if the British government admitted wheat and flour duly free; because Handling and the othei- \vheat-ex])oriing ports of Europe would lie heller able to supply the wlioh; de- mand. The Canada markel affords a consump- tion of that sm-plus u hich would greatly reduce the price of wheat and flom- if it had not the means of egress. Mr. Ellsworlh bus collected statistics relating to the sale of agricultural products in a direcl trade with the British jiorts. Of these articles, heel, [lork, bog's l.ud, cheese and butter are the rnost interesting to the firmcrs of the Northern States. The duiics upon lliese are not so high as to tbrliiii tlieir introduction at a profit. The best prepared and presei-ved articles will always sell well. How important is it, that for the arii- clesv.e are oliliged to import constantly from the British islands and dependencies, the cotton of the Souti) is not alone to be relied en as the means of payment; that the farmers of the northern and middle St;ites can also there find room for their surplus butter and cheese, [lorU aiid beef.' Keciproc.d trade will always be ben- eficial, where tiie law of mutual exchange is not unequal. the globe, could grow out of those new relations which civilization is creating all over the world, how great will be the advantage which the en- terprise and skill of the Americans bevond every other people may seem-e to them. The planters of the S( mil, with such an openinj:, need never fear of producing too mmdi cotlon for the con- smription of the world; nor will the growing capital of the North fear to place new'^invest- ments in cotton mills, those modern striiclures, rnore massive than the palaces of the tilled no- hilily of Europe. For the F.irmer's Monthly Visitor. Meteorological Journal kept at Concord BY A. CHANDLER. will expend as much as the cost of ke<'pii dnnik on rum. We believe excessive smokind" chewing and even snuffing to be about as hail as ban! drinking: it may not make the man in ' mediately drunk, but continued nionih afte month it must undermine the heallh— it likewis(' creates the appetite liar strong drink. Filiy thou" sand cigars weekly, or ibereabonls, are inade a ' one eslablishmeni In New Jpswich. 'i'be tobaccf ' leaf used in this manufacture, for " loni; nines' and the clH'apei- kinds, is raised in Virginia, Ma- ryland or Kenlucky: the better kind are 'madtl trom the Cuba tobacco, the price of which isf much higher thun the leaf tobacco raised in the United States. If the appetite for tobacco sbouldl continue to increase as it has for the last fewi years, those who are engaged in its nianulacturel will accumulate I'ortnnes. Millions of dollarsi are annually ptiffijd away in the fumes of ijija narcoiic weed. 'I'he manufaetme of tobacco after it has been cured by the grower, has made fbrlunes in some of our cities:' .lacob Llorillard who died some years ago in the city of New York, acquired iirobahly more than a million of dollars in the manufacture and sale of snuff and smoking and chewing tobacco. In vending the cigars, paste and liquid shoe and leather blacking, writing ink and locofoeo matches made at the lilile village of New Ips- '. wich, Hillsborough county, N. H.', some forty or fifty horses and half as many r'flhir's vehicles ' are employe•. &e. A knovvh:dge of the laws on all ot Ibese, and other suhjpcl.s, are necessary to be a|)plied in agriculture-and they mav b;< soappi.lied as in navig.-uion or ihe oper.-uio'n of t le steam engine. From such an.l various other Illustrations (which we have but imperfcetly sketched) Mr. Hadduck deduced that the .science of Agriciilture was of equal, if not greater, i,,.- Iiortance with any other science. It briii-s i„- Kelher,am! reduces to a system,y;./t7s drau n from the experience of difierent agriculiurisl.s_i|,e knowledge of what vegetable life requires, from the time Ihat the seed is first deposited in tb.- earth uiild the plant arrives at malnrilv— u l,;,t the plant IS composed of, and what it'rcqnir. s tor Its nourishment and Lrrowib Ur. ' ■ iO Z[)t /amev's iUontl)lij llisitor. tlie,iis il, thai Ihtlhrmtram never be iooxnelbgen ■ Mr. ll.Li. (.Hliu.r of ti.e Vi.ilor) saK , tlu.l wli le naWi.ia iliio.mlJ li.e toun uf Ntnv l|.sw,cli lie Lannticed li.e lann of Mr. I'iesioi., represen- tal.vH Iroiii lliat tou-.i, wimin lio .«aw iMCSCit. Mr P. at till! liiiM^ (le.sciil.ia lo liim lii.-^ l)ioCCfc!> ofoillivalion, ul.irh liiul pn.viMl reinaiUal.ly ^m- ce«sf(il in Vciiovaliu- trac.is cl' inlcnor land. Jli- Hill uomI.I I.o ala.l lo Ik'ui- Ins exi-uiience rcca- D.tiilaleil a'jain al lliis li'i"-'- , , , , , „ Mr Prkston s^ai'l ll'at lie f^lioiild bo very tiap- ,,y u."relaie ii so far a. it .ni^lil 1« woriliy ol Uie ittenlion of ibe fjeiitle.nen ^vlm, I.erlia,.s 1 . ul as^Pinlileil liere to listen to soiii.llnoi; ot rno e int.-resi. AUIio.igli feeble in boaltli ami, recently, l,r ,nuo.l. of .be%iine pliysically . isabloiJ Ironi doinf: the liar.l work of a ,.rac.,<-al ';'n>,'er, ..^1 also bein-e.n;a-,ed in anotlier pursuit (J... I. l^ a lawyer) be ha.l of lale years engaged be.nt and band, as bis bealtb uonl. perniit, ni t be i.ractice of agricuUni-e, bavmg been brougb ip o tbat pnrs,ii( in bis youth. The hekl wineli be had sliown to Mr. Hill comprised 45 acres ul what n.igbl be called poor or worn-ont land. TrfK be purcliased lor $333, and comnieiiced Ins oneratioas uilli a viesv to reclaim it-opennijjan account, cbargin- bis expenditures and crediting tbe crops, &c; At first be bad no team ot bis own, but bired one and took nianine from a stable, wbicb, mixed mil. "slies, wa. m'^^f '^ a part of ibe laud at tbe rale ot 20 loads to t k, .„■'(• l'"roiii Ibis (we nn.lerstood bnn to say) be ;.„l I'liree tmis of bay to tbe acre, tbehrst year, ul.icli bron-bl $45, or $15 per ton. On alio bu part be applied, l.y spreading, unleacbed asbe. 45bnsl.elsto tbe acre; ibis liUew.se i>roduce,l llnee tons lo tbe acre. Mr P bad anollun- field o( eigbt acres, pre ty full of i;ranitP, on a side-bill witli tbe land slo- ,,i„„. to tbe west andsoulb-west. Jn order to snlj- Jbie'it be plongbedfonr acres Willi a side-bill nIo.K'b, and sowed witb oats after pimnig on two ,„sl,el.s .,f plaster to tbe acre. Prom tins be P.i^ed 113 bnsbels to Ihe acre. Alter getting out J .atones, be again plougbed tbe same lonr aces, munured i^ willi 400 loads of compost, and a'„i„ .owed oats witb grass seed. Tbe crop was 200 bnsbels of oats, and six tons ot bav% al- ,h,„„b tbe season was dry. Last year Ib4., lV„„;tbe otber four acres be raised 93 bushels ot o.H-havii.g applied no manure. Ibis year be ,,hl on 100 loails of manure, and passed a roller '.ver the land. The crop from lour acres was 212 bnsbels. , Mr Preston coiiiinucd, and gave a dcscriplion of'bii mode of sowing wheat and gfass. Alter plou-bing in Ilic fall, be was accustomed to roll Ii,,; Uiid down n.t. Tbefolbnving spring be nut on compost manure, ploughed and rolled .'.ain -raisini.'25 bushels from tbree-lourths ol an acre. He was in tbe habit ol plonghmg the fir-l lime to the depth of about 0 or 7 mches; afierwards .leeper. In sowing grass speeds, he ,„„ on balfa bushel of herds grass.Oor 8 pounds ,1- clover and a bushel of re.l-top to the acre, i-rom l.md on which be lormerly cut but a ton ,ud a half, he now cms 10 tons. The wheat vvhlcb 1 e sowed was called, in Ins yicinity, the '^Jlack Sea"-a bald wheat; bo believed, how- ever, that there are dia'ercui varieties ol the same ""f'nie reporier being but litilo experienced m prarlical farming, it vtill not be snr|,nsing it be has made mistakes in skelchin' Mr. Ps remarks -parlicularly lis ihcy were giv mv somewhat in detail, and comi.rised a variety of estimates,. oiiie of which we may have iii part n isunder,.|ood.] Mr. Mt-rcAi.K, (a member o( the Legislature from Newport,)remarked tluU he was iiol a sci- entific" farmer, allbungh one by practice u re- gard to the laisinir of wIimI, be had always VbonMillhal New Hampshire paid too IMoUWn- ,i„n U. it. Too much money is .»ent out ot the State to purchase this article, when we may as well cultivate it at home. Most every (arm in this .State has good land enough on it, to rai»e at st^Miiddlin^crop. Mr. M. lives uearthebu- .,ar river, in Sullivan county. The larmeis m his vicin IV geuerallv think, be said, that t lieir ::i:,ls ^oU good place liirwlicM. He uul raWed, for a few yars past, from 1.) to 2o Ix'sh- • Islo the acre. In .lescribing his mmner ol wheat cultivation. Mr. M. said that this year (1814) be washed bis seed, and threw plastei into ihpw^ater. He (.Innted late, and, from experionce. was satisfied that the ifeavil never touches wheal w hen sou n late. On little over an acre ol land, he raised 22 bushels and 3 pecks. Tbis,.allhougli it may not, in otlic places, be considered a gieal crop, was a large crop for the ground on uhicli it was planted-^full twice as large as heexpecleU Was the plaster the cause of ibe yield.-' He sowed on this land a little over one and u bait bushels of what is called the "Black Sea" wheat -a bearded variety. Abbough the name is a htnck one, be lia.l found that the flour grew whiter tbe longer it was sown. The best crops, he bad found, are raised in tbe coldest seasons; for this reason he alwavs procured his "sea wheat" from the South. Where this variety or- i.-inallv came from, be was nnmtormed. l\L-."HiLL remarked tbat the Black Sea NVheat was hroiigbt Ironi Odessa, a port on ihe Black Seu in linssia ; it was named Irom the place whence it came. A gentleman m Boston bad imported it for this vicinity. Somfe oi it is beard- ed, and some bald. In regard to the use ot plas- ter, Mr. IL said tiiat it was difficult to tell bow it operates. It seems lo do well in some places, and not so in others. He believed it to be good ill a dry season. In some cases where plaster has been ap|)lied, and seed sown, it has been found, that in the m.irniug after a dew, the dew will remain longer upon the grass than vvbere ilie land is otherwise treated. Piaster, Mr. 11. believed, is but little used on the seaboard, al- thou'di it is to a considerable exieni in tbe Coii- MPeii^-nt river vallev. It is used but little in this (Merrimack) couniv. He himself, however, bad tried it; and on an acre of potato ground, where be had applied 3 or 400 iionnds, be thought the crop was improved a', least 25'per cent. Mr. CooKE. of Keene, said that Payson Wil- liums, Esri. ot' Filcliburg, Mass., some years ago brongiit home a quantity of the Pjlack Sea Ubeai from Odessa, which was sown in ibat town.— The first and second year it yielded poorly; the third year, over 30 bushels were raised upon an acre. Mr. C. sahl lliat this wheat, when hrst introduced, took much like tbe famous " Brown eorii." It had been successfiillv raised by the jarmers of Cheshire county in this State— al- tbougli be knew of none who had raised so large a crop as Mr. Williams. Mr. Hill remarked that crops of this wheat equallv as large had been raised in Merrimack coniitv. He stated an instance, in the case ol Mr Tallaut, of Caiiterbnrv. It is a sure cro|>, be thou'rht, on high laiuls. Black Sea Wheat, im- ported within Ihree years, can be obtained in Lowell or Concord. Mr. Spaulding, of Piermont, made a sugges- tion in relation to the superiority of this wheat ill o-rbidlnff. Mr. Cookf. said that he had re- nnnke.l this fact. He knew of instances where the miller ran the bran through alter thehrst ■rrindiuir, and obtained 8 or K) pounds ot flour. Fie did not think tbe flour ii-oui tins wheat was so white as sonie.bi.t consiilered the kernel more solid than any otber wheat.. He remarked that (here are four kinds of tbe " Black Sea, viz:— while and red headed bearded, and white an. red headed bald, ll is sometimes, al.-o, calleil "Sinyrua Wheal." * . , William Low, Esq., of Concord, ex|.resse,l bis preference for seeds grown smith ot the ,v..i,'n in which they are planted In March 1843 he bad purchased bis seeds in Boslon. He sowed that season :. bushel of oats, raised on Cape Cod, which did not mihlew al all; w iile Irom Ihe other oais be was miahle to raise ball ,, croii. 'J'be Cape Cm! oats he again sowed last spriu", and they did well, wbicb inclmed bnn to I'link llial there was no risk from their imldew- '" Mr L. sj'oke of his mod-e of growing Corn. In Sullivan county, il bad been statvd thai the .loohle-mould-hoard plough was uscd--tbe dirl being ihiowu up into a ridge, au.l then the rulge nloo^hed on lop. Ho had irie.l this mode, and found it wonhl not succeed here, 111 iMcrimack eounlv. He nowpmMiedlbeoldcomse.plough- i,,.. beiwecii Ihe furrows, and ihougbl he ha.l succeed ill raising as good a crop ot com, with half Ihe maimrc, as others in the siinc neighbor- hood He first used the cmninon plough— then pot in the manme and phmtrd-and alterWards used ihe double-monld-hoard between the liir- rows. Mr. L. thought there was a great saving in expense resulting from tbe use ol ^oodtools. With the improved plough he now only wanted a yoke of oxen and a good horse, where he for- merly used' three yokes and a hors.i. The same advalitage be had derived in making his hay by the use of the horse-rake. Mr. Low, in speaking of manures, remarked that lie hud foiuid sail gooil in preventing the rust in potato crops. His experience with salt, how- ever, had not been great; but he thought that it was good to mix with manure. Dr. Johnson, of Walpole, hud related to him his experience in turning in ^''ecTi crops lo reclaim worn-ont laud, whicb^e bad found to lie highly beneficial. Professou HADDUCKsaid ibal he owneil gome GO acres of pasture land which iiad never been ploughed, although it was arable. He would ask some gentleman to advise htm as to the best method of improving it? KiciiAnn BuADLEY, Esq. of Concord, thought tbat .Mr. H. coiihl iiut do heller than to put on soM:e 10 cords ol good manure to the acre— then plou'di— afterwards 10 cords more— harrow— and finally spread upon each acre, say 400 bush- els of leached ashes 1 (Laughter.) Mr. Nes.mith, of Fraukbn, described his me- thod of cultivating a piece of land situated in the town of Hill, eight miles from his residence.— • This land is out of the way for obtaining manure, and comprises 30 acres. Lust year he cut upon it Irom ]0 to 15 tons of good clover and herds ■rrass, where he formerly obtained only two tons. His n'lodeof treating it was first lo get a crop of ,.ye— then the grass commences. Subsequently he ploughed it nine inches deei), turning under the tori'' It was bis intention, ut.'Xt season, to pasture this land. Mr. N. said that he could not recommend this practice where manure is to be obtained ; it had succeeded well, however, in the case which he described. Mr Cooke remarked, in reverting to the sub- isct of flaster, that he bad found the use ot Jt to be unsuccessful when applied lo low lands. Such was the result where he liad used it m a valley ; whereas, on land situated 150 feet higher, the eflect bad been excellent. Dr. Jackson had in- formed bim, in relation to a piece of low laud which Mr.(". owned, that there was |)laster enough in it already; bat not enough in apiece^ which he owneil upon a /«■(( a mile distant. We want information from Dr. J.'s survey as lo where lime and plaster are needed ; and if that gentleman bad u-one farther into the analysis of soils, he (.Mr. C.) thought more benefit would result tlian from the analysis of minerals. ^ .Mr. C. believed tbat too few are eriucateil tor farmers. No nude requires so much lo learn. Beiu" u |n-iuter, as well as a firmer, he would prefe" lo learn two boys the former trade than one the latter. There is not enough farming taught. People too commonly think tbat any one who can hoe potatoes can farm— a great mistake. Mr. C. Iboiigbttbe principles of agricnhnre should bo iiilnidnced into school books. Mr. Hill thonght there might be danger, pcr- haps,"(d' being (00 scientific; this is what di.eriencct:. He would lell his, so tin- as his liiriiiint; opejutions had eMended, in a lew words. Whi II he lirst commenced tiirminf;, he let his land fio without maiuiie, on the "sUinning" process: alteruards I'oimd this wouldn't do. — Went to hiiying tmnivre ; and at the second lime of mantn in^ foimd that his crops were doidiled. On ^!) acres he had raised 30 to ;j5 lojis ol' hay nnil 300 hnshels of corn, in a season, all in con- sequence of manurhig. Mr. I!radlcy spoke of the benefit derived by a relative of his [Mr. Mowc) residing in liaverliili, Mass., from tlic use of pluxicr »n a jioor piece of lanil. FoiN' hnshils was applied to an acie and comnjon manwre lo another acre ; a plain dilier- ence coidd he seen in liivor of the jdaster — the grass ajipcariiig green on the first, while the sec- ond acre prodnccd only a while moss. On motion of I'rofessor IIadduck. Messrs. Richard JJra.llcy, G. \V. Nesmith and Isaac Hill, were appointed a committee to ■•all another Ag- ricnltinal Meeting, in June 1815, choo.se subjects for discussion, give public notice thereof, &c. &c. The meeting then adjourned. Diseased Potatocs.— Mr. H. M. Paine, of the optical worlis at Oxibrd, Mass., has applied a glas.s, that magnifies 9000 times, lo the diseased parts of the potatoes, and finds lliem filled with anrnialcuke with bodies like the sohlicr-ant, and legs like ihe hairy garden spider. He thiidvs there IS no epidemic amongst potatoes, biit that the diseasR is caused by these insects. Col. For the K.Trmer's iSIonlhly Visitor. The BncUelor in Spite of Elimself. iSinalel'in hiij re:iched Ins ri)rt)'-niiilli year, li.id served with approved but not briiiiant repuliitiou ilirough (he grades Irom lieutenant lo the coninund of a regiment of militia in his native Sl.ilo, Connecticut, and was bo polite .Ttid careful to wound llie feelings of no one, that when a Senator lo represent Ihe State at \V.nsliin;;lon was to l>e chosen, superior minds saw il-.e intlnence of the rules of decf^rn.^l, for ho was elected^ vvjthout distinction of parly, upon llie lirst ballot. In his youth lie had desired to be a farmer, in which his mother, a iliscreet and sensible woman, joined her ap- probilion ; but his fither would hear nolhinpr with fivor Ujion that preference. *■ Ciurles,'' (said he} '* can easier oultiv.ite Ins Olind ihan our three only acres ot land, and I am deairous that uiy uanie should be noticed. 'Die jaw is the road thai leads to ihe eminences, and as we can wiirk him throiiL'h the college at iNew Haven he must be a lawyer. It will be the hafipiest day of my life, my dear, when I hear him open a cause in a Court of Justice." His youlii was devoid of incident worth relaling except liiat he catin.* near yivm;,' liis worthy parents the slip at eii^iiteen years of age, by ruiininjj away to the West with a very prelly robust pennyless girl one year younger than hiniseli". which was discovered atid defeal'ed. Charles Singleton was a precise, a particular man, j^real in small matters, and methodical to a fault. When he com- menced his prolV^ssion, his briefs and declarations were raultlesP tlip lf,t of the ill- I !••< flfPater on the li-rhter or silieinns soils— iIkU ::::;"::: ":':"' z: " ';:e:!;^e!s^j:!..l i, .s i ..r ii,.,. ■,. „... i.u o„ het,vy ..ive .-.ii. By cliisliioii.s I ■'""'• r ,ii-,t nv in- (iiidiii" S"mio t in.* been Hupixwiil that plnster is ni) ex- ("nee; niiil lliat skill ami |iei-sevBruiict: only nre rcMiii.silf t.) riiaUi;oiiiSlnte,iiiidiiiilKeil the wUolo of New Eiiglaiid, leitiJH, ami sii.laces ot citizens and Falhers. . Science, and e.vperieuce, with the records ol result- tire movim; onward; and it is only torus lo'dr. our parts to'fqitil the -I'^^l'"'''': '''"' 'i"!;!,'^ " wise people. ^OR.'^N 1 1 h. For the Tarmer's Monthly Visitor. "This is out- Home, our Native Land," | The feeling of preference and iiltaihment for die |ilace of our nativily and the scenes of our boyhood is common to man all over the glolw;. This seiitimeiu seems to owe its origin to ab- sence, for, he it ambition, desire of gain, or the flpinands of diiiv, it is only when we have left the roof th.it sheltered us in etirly year.*, when we have turne<) our hacks upon onr homes timl amid new scenes ami under a rye the clover begins to appear: this is siiHerei to grow ihrongh that and the succeeding whoU season wilhont feeding olT. li seeds and is leli lostnnd through the ensuing spring. Thegromul is ploughed, the entire crop of clov.-r bem^ turned under, and planted with liulnin corn, \y\\\ a spoonful of ground pla.ster applied to each hili. The com is liiken otl" early, as soon ;is it becomes glazed, being stacked in the field, and winter rye fs again put in, pursuing the same course as at first? Thus two crops in three years, with the one year's clover lefi on, are prodKce.lcontiiimd- ly ; and the land .all the time growing better. .Mi-. Clark, without manure oiher than pliister and clover, has bronghl his land up to' the pnaluction of fifieeii and twenty bushels of rye and fifty bushels of corn to the acre. He has leased these lamls for a crop of Indian corn at the halves; and without putiing his hand lo h, has obtained a clear profit as high as fifteen dollars to the acte in a year. Siiice conversing with -^fr. Clark we have seen another genlh-man at Washington city, who iii- Ihrmed ns ihai Mr. Kicbard H.vpkins ol Calvert comity ill Ihe Stale of Mar^lainl, last year had a fi.hl o'aboiu fiflv-five acres of Indian corn winch was cah-ulaled "lo produce from fitly to sixty bushels to the acre. This corn hind hail been previon.slv prepared wilh clover Imiied in nftcr ilisier "The soil was sandy and light, and no innnm-e used; plaster was ihiste.l over the hills of "rowing corn. Plaster ami I.ime. The eflecl of plaster and lime is very far from being yet dul.y estimated. The iictioii of plaster Fur the Farmer's .Monthly Visitor. How to make 'em good-iii>tarcd. It is the every day eyent.s, the lillle things tlittl lotich die temper w iih a s oih or a rough hand wluch principally fills lip the measure ol hie, and makeiische.ifnl, smiling and happy, or cro.ss snappish and irritable, if we tiirmers would reap the best of haryesl.-*, we should .sow the s Is of good ntitnre. In vain we plough ami mibooil, in vain fiir ihe main obj.ct do onr lields nrow yellow and our abundant corn bang ihwvn wilh weight its heavy head, if, when we gather „,„|er our roof at night, the wife is dislic;|rien.d, the evening meal yet lo be prepared,aml the neat, tidy dress which is so more than becoming, is slil'l in the draw. " .\ half an hour lost in the ^\)t jTanncr's i!Tontl)li) llisitor. 13 iiioniiiif.', we ihiiy puisne it all djiy, and shall f^c;iico; ovcriiike it at iii^lit." The jiooil liumer licjiiiis at lioine, ami extends liis cirolc of liii|i|ii- iios IVoiii his (h)iiiiril. ir liieii he «oiiM >ave the iiair lidur. if lie would have all things ready when lie leliiiiis and a ."■iiiile to firtet hirii ulieie cither he rnujt live of hear no lili^", see that every lliiuff is ronvenient ; good diy (iiel anil water at hand. Wood and wiaer are, rliiriiii; the day, id- iiiosi in eonsiaiit di'iiiand. 11' tl ey are nl hand, do we not save the "women I'olk" at lesisi one lionr in eiieh day, or ahoiil one month in eai-h year, taUing the lime that we are not aslee|i? 'Ihis is ei)nal to one whole year in twelve, whi
  • onl our distant alliiirs, l<)rg(^t or overlook that which is so much used and has so great an influence eveiy day imd hour at home? A neighhor of Diine, noted lor his cheerfulness iiud thriliy hahils, ildiirmed me that he owed it priucipjdiy to at- tending to the suggestions of his will'. When we hegan, said he, we had little or nothing hut youth and health. '■ Let us I ave a wood house, my dear," she said, (this was soon after we were married,) ''joining to the kilchen, and as our means run slir tlie banner's Monthly \'isilor. liBtter from Fairfix County, Va. Mr. Editor: — The time of my snhscription (i)r your Visitor is .low nearly closed, and 1 do not leel willing lo part willi it. Willi ihousands of others, I presume 1 can say it has been a Visi- tor indeed to me, and it would he parting' with quite too good a fri.nd to lose its visiis now. I fimi it a friend lull of iustriictioii and interest, one that will the '• liirmers weary hour beguile," and teach him the great '-volume of nature" which he studies is greater than any written. Von will conclude, Mr. Editor, tint I want yon to he so good as lo sriiil it uie yet longer, and as fiiiy cents is not a good sum lo send hy mail, he- (i)re the year closes I will see if I cannot get one or two of my neighbors ly permit its abode in their houses also. Please to change the direction fro.ii N'orwalk to Fairfax Court Hoise, Va., for since last June I have been a resiiUuit of Eairliix Co., hut have said nolhin:.' about the change before, to save you the trouble of directing a siiii;le nainber ; also that my aeijuaintance in Norwalk might he favoi- etl v.iih its calls. 1 have ibought, often, of writing yon about our connlry, hut have not lur want of time, and from supposing yonr colmmis were better filleil with pi odiiciiinis tioni other pens. But on looking over the Sept. No. (ihe last 1 have received,) 1 find ihiit you permii one to figure there, who vviiti;s "to kill tiuie"! anil i conclude that if one wish- ed lo interrogate him for iiifoi .nation, you would t'ive him a chance. So friend Clinrchill, 1 greet you on your happy art of doing so inncli, and having so many leisure moments beside. Uiit how are you able to do it .' A more particular description of the disposal of your time would prove interesting to one, at least, and I presume lo more ihan one. For myself I am ohligi:d lo leave undone much I wish lo do, and it would lie a for- inne to me could I have the hours that you have to gather knowledge ft om ihe numberless SOU! ces viitbin my reach. Coiihl 1 walk into your house, I am sure iliat 1 should /ind your " little oni.'s" doing inncii that would otherwise he incumbent oil you. ."Villi here 1 cannot well help giving )ou "apeej)"at my home — my circle, which coii- si.sts of a wite, and dMughter ahout^'ight moiiihs old, the tornier somewhat of an invalid, tiie lat- ter healthy and aciive; to asU you if in such a case yon would he obliged lo write ''to kill lime".' Would not the numherless tfiings you could not help doing " within doors," take ii]! some of your leisure moments ? To iidl the irntli, one wiekly paper, and one monthly hssides the papers sent me hy my friends, averaging two a week, make nearly as niueli miscellaneuiis read- ing as I can peruse. 'J'he time I have lo devote lo Clark, Milton, Dick, Lock, SliaUespear, Aiacken- zie. Burns, and a lio.st of otli.vrs is limited ; and history, biography, matliemiilics, geography, &c. &c., hardly receive a passing notice, and rny eyea will he dim and my limbs refuse to move, ere I begin to learn what mighty minds bring to light. 1 know 1 am wandering, Mr. Editor, but the ihouglit of writing " lo kill time " is startling to me, and i wonder the conscietieo did not give a rebuke sulficieiu to suppress it utterance. So it is, we have an example ot ii man, "as it were," on the very top of" The Hill of Science," looking about for something to divert him, while time to him, drags his slow length along. A paradox indeed ! But is lime for nie to speak on another subject if 1 do al all, for you see my sheet is half filleil. • do not leel willing to close nniil 1 say some- thing about the viciniiy of my home, knowing that many of your readers are anxi'jus lo hear from the Fairfax lands. The price, you are n- ware, of land is very low, the mi-diiiiii about S8 or $10 per acre, depending a great deal on the circumstances ol' lliB owner, the distance from market, the iiuality and situation of the land. — Most of those wlio purchase here are within from three lo twenty miles of Washinglon, Alexan- dria or Georgetown. A few settle iminediately on the banks of the Potomac, which generally are very unhealthy, while a few miles from iia shores the country is very heallhy, and the peo pie, lo a person, bear testimony to the same, and many of the Northerners speak of the decided iinprovement in their healili. The healthiness of any country is no small consideration to those intending to emigrate. Some of the land is very poor, but where is there a section of country without its part of poor land ? and one made the remark, after speiiiling the mouths of June anil July here, that for prodiieiiig crops, there was no land in Fair- field Co. Conn., that would excel some pans of it. A rapiil change is going on in the erection of houses, barns, &c. &c., and in the improve- ment of land. We can easily raise enough for our own living, and not he deprived of any of the luxuries of lile we enjoyed when at Ihe North, and make rafiiil improvemeiils in our lauds. — The country is fiist filling up; and, were 1 per- luilled to judge of ihe future by the change in one year, 1 should say at once that the time is not liir liisiant when the |uesent customs would not be known, and slavery he only in the name. I may be writing too long a letter for your pa- tience to ex-jmse, and aftei 1 write it you may lliiiiU it not worthy of your columns. lfso,lshall not complain, il' I only get the Visitor. Since I commenced this, many things liave transpired to prevent its completion. One neighbor bor- rowed my ink, and did not reliirii it, and 1 called on him, and he said "it was locked up" and his " wife w:is gone liom home with the key"; so I wailed until 1 had an opporiuniiy of buying an- olh'jr bottle. Another reason is, iii_\ correspon- dence has demanded a large poriioii of my lime (i>r tlie last fesv weeks. A thiid reason, 1 have had many papers from my friends — eight in one week— and 1 well knew I could gtt more iii- tiirmation from them ihan I could impart to otli- ers. A foiirlh, I have had Norihfru friends lo visit me, whom i am always glad to entertain. — A fifll) — my wili^ has not been well at all times; consequenily more work falls on my shoulders. And soon. Now what will li-iend Clinrchill say to all this ? I iniisl bring my lucubrations to a close with one thing more. Those who come here viewing, should take the road to Fairfix (!)oiirt House, and he sure to dine at Mr. Peter Gooding's, wiun'e lliey will receive true Virginia hospitality, and enjoy a plentiful repast alter their journey. He lives twelve miles from Alexandria; and if then, ihe traveller wishes to have information respect- ing this country, if he will inquire for llie writer of this article he will find one ready to give him nil within his power. Here then my scribble iiiiisl close. . Yours, &c. H. Fl'LLEP>. Faiifitx Court House, Va., Jan. 21, 1845. Large Pig. Peterborough, Jan. 2.3, 1845. Mr. Hill: — Please say lo one of your corres- pondents al Pitlslield, who raised the great hog this year, thai he may stand back out of the front rank, and try again. I killed a Piu the third day of this month, ten 14 erity of those who used it, aliundant crojis wliere none We're before raised, and occular demonstration of fields of fertility and poverty side hy side had to come in to ov(M(!oin;; the oj>inions hefore the liinmi'h was complete. But all this ii there now over; the lands destitute of lime once unproduc- tive, have heconie, aye and have since remained pcnn-jnenllij fertile ; and in this last advantage lirni has no fellow in the mannre.s. Where it has once hi.'come incorporated with the soil, grass a.nil clover will grow, and all other manures without lime ;ire made complete tiir vegelation hy this ingredient. It may he compared to s.ilt in the tdiinents of man : all the vegetahle creation seem to require it, and even the animals cannot grow wiihont it. l/iine is inilispens ihle in the form.ition of the hones; the eggs of the hen would he without shells hilt for lime ; and chickens fed upon rice, ns we are told hy the captains of vessels that sail to the East Indies, grow without bones tosnslain iliein. Wo mix lime with our cojiipost manures ill some cases, and in some we omit it, and watch- ing the effects n|)on the cnjp.s do not see any advantage. In such cases Ihe lime rather ahates for the first season the aclion of the manure; — hilt if any of our liirmers are disposed lo try lime fail ly, let them next season when their corn is ready to' hoe the first lime, get one cask, slack it, and the Same dt^y while it i.s caustic, throw a lit- lli; handful like ashes to each lull as far as it may go; and if it fails to fiay file ; and there can be little donlit that great advantages have resulted from these generous e.wriions; if nuthing else resulted than the spirit of rivalry between the owners of the imported and our ac- climated cattle, improving in the sirile the latter — this we believe would he an ample return. It cannot be doubted that ihe most pleasing advan- tages have thus heen gained ; hut hy the papers formerly piiiilislied hy <>olouel Pickering here, and Ml'. Powell of Philadelpliia, upon the Oj>po- site sides of this question, and the results of' ex- perience since, we are inclined to i:elieve that cninhining the qualities lor labor, beefj iniiking, and feeding kindly with adaptation lo our climate, our nalive stock are fully ecpi.d if not superior. Among the many excellent gi'azing regions found in our country may h.e mentioned the head waters of the river Potomac in the Slates of Maryl.md and \'irgiiii;i ; and after descending some of the steeps of ilio Allegany Mountains. Oil the liaiiks of the tributaries of that river is found rich bottom lands, fijrming long eslablisli- ed grazing pastures. tsnme of the finest beef lininil in the markels of Pliiladelphi.i, I'ahimore, and WashingKin (^ily, is reared .and fattened here, and the owners of these farms are fbnnil lo pos- sess great knowledgt', iiinch of it no doubt he- reditary, iqion the subject of cattle. It is more than a year ago that 1 met one of thej:e men standing in the Washington market, and sharing in the hajipiness of the praises bestowed upon some of the beef exhibited on sale there of his own raising and feeding. Belter or fatter is rarely .seen any where; and he had the Natimial flag hung above it as I'lnhlcmatical of ils being of the native breed. I fell into coiiversaliou with him : he had heen a grazier from his boyhood, and his fiilher and giandllilher before him. lie pointed out lo me the mixed ipialily of the heei', the fill and lean, oi' wh.it is sometimes called inonlded, mingled togellier, and which gladdens tliii eye of the epicure. I obsinved thai this was, I supposed acrideiital, and could not he known until the animal had been slaughtered ; but he informed me ojherwise. " We ki^ep our cows," said he, "many years; iind when we observe ii sleer crealme whose beef is well inixeil with fill ;ind lean, and know jiis sire, we saved iiom that stock for breeders. And do yon perceive," he remark(d pointing losoine dozen (planers of the beef he had raised, '' it is all id' it mixed, and lio'v look at some of llu! other he 't" in Ihe mar- kel." This was a new point to me, iiiid seemed worthy of notice. I aUo learned that helhoiighl that 'his beef' ilid not tallow so well as fat ea'tle where the fat and lean were more distinct. ICnnwing that the snhject of our own, and iho improved imported stock of eatlle had Iweii a mat- ter of coulroversy, I made inquiry upon this snb- jec:t. lie ex|)res.sed his opinion very iinqindifiedly in liivor of American cattle, as he called them. " 1 have tried them," he remarked, •■and they grow lean where our own thrive. The newly import- ed ones would die in our pastures d-sring the winter, where our own grow and do well." •' But are iioi the points of the forei:.'n cattle i>etter, i asked; is there not less oft'al .^" "As to that," lie said, " those cattle are finely formed, but not better than some of ours; and whatever they may ''o in time, 1 can make more beef otTliand out of our own stock." So much then for this grazier's views. Some of them, one at least, were novel lo me, and it must be remembered that his object is the rear- ing of cattle ahme for beef, whicli from their color (red) and forms, I take lo be generally of the Devon race. • Our neat cattle are much sinaller than the im- proved English breeds generally ; but instances arc not uncommon among us of oven surpassing in size any iliat I ever read of in Europe. This shows that on- climate and soil is equal, and ta- king it altogether, we think it superior lo that country. Many have remarked that our cattle are more docile and less ferocious. It is not often .safe to go into the pastures wliere a bull is in either England, France, or S|iain, while here it is rather rare for one of these animals to be dangerous. Let us improve our stock, ihen, and by that means we may confer a greater blessing and more wealth too, than in working a gold mine. P. An acre of land contains — 4 roods, (or quarters) each containin:; 40 poles or |)erclies or rods. IGO rods; liJi feel each way. 4,840 square yards of 'J feet eacli. 43,oiJ0 square fi;el, of 144 inches each. 174,240 squares of C inches each, each con- taining 30 inches. 0,872,640 inches, or squares of one inch each. Relief of Asthma. — Get .some blotting paper and soak it well in a strong solution of saltpetre. Take it out and diy it. On going to bed light it, and lay it mi a plate in y(nir hed-nioni. This may enable persons badly afflicted loslee[) well. The Horse Abattoirs of Paris. Few things are more prodnetive of inelanclioly than ihe condition and line of horses in the lat- ter days of' their career. No inatter how useful they may have been, what years of toil they may have endured, we find them at last dismissed without ri?gret, and sidd for a few shillings, or what their mere skin, flesh, hones, and other parts are worth. Thn.s, iu London, and also in Paris, there aro large eslablishmenls forming the al'attoirs of horses — places, of conr.-e, w here all sentiments of pity are b.-mished, and where the once sleek and beloved aniinuls are deprived of existein'C, in the midst of scenes wliiuli reflect litlle credit uii hiimaiiily.. Fevv men have any idea of the vast exient of the horse ahaltiiirsat .'Montfaiicon, in Paris. To this place all horses past service are conducted. Worn usually lo skin and bone, they come In strings of twelve or twenty, are huddled into u stable where ihcy cannot stir, or are left in the open air, lied lo the carcasses of lliose that have just met their fate. A great number of hmses, living and dead, are brought to Monllinicon an- nuiilly; the winter season, when the pooi cannot keep them, being most productive iu this respect. By a calculaiiou made lor 182/, it wjis found that thirty-live came to the slaujrhter-hoiise daily, making a yearly whole of 12,763. Throe fourihs of them cauii; iu life. As, iu Ihe same year, the total number of horses in i'uiis amounted to about 20,o(j0, not less than five-eighths seem thus to perish annually. A ilediieiion must he made, however, li)r the liorses bought in the districts around the city. In any case, Ihe nnmlier of viclims is imnanise. Four dilVereut melhoils aro used at Monlfancon for killing llie horses. One is by injeeling air into an open vein, a leilinus and little used, though chaiily process; a second is by piercing the spinal marrow in the neck ; n third way is to full the auiiu;il ( li the head, as is done willi oxen : J- I ii<.0ii c*i atiu • ui:iii. gyei eMuiiaieo. j np HCiion 01 piaster ' slill m tlie maw. •' .v nun an tiour lost m tne iSI)C iTavmer's iHcint!)lij IJisitor. 15 ami a Ibiiitli iiiethoil, lliat coiiuiiouly prat li.-i<'il, is lo stal) till! aiiiiiKil in llie cljest. Ouu lut'laii- clioly siglil liillinvs llic deallis of two or llirci; liorses. Tlii' .'■loiitrst of the victiius next to fall is made to druvv the newly t^luiii bodies lo the scene of the iillerioi- o|)eralions. The hail- of the main and lail is removed be- fore dealh, bnt the wretched hacks liave usnally lost or been slripped of those a|ij.eiidages before comiiiiT to iMontliineon. When a(-cuniulaled in qnaritilies, ihe hair is sold to saddlers and chair- makers. The skins of horses are of course soli! lo tuimers. Of the blood of the horses no nse is ^ made, tbon^'h men of science have reconnncnded lis cMnpliiymenl in llie mannliiclnre of Prussian ' blue, lor which |iur|]0se ox blooil is in jjreat de- mand. Tlie tlesh is the next point. In I73!l, an oiilinance was revived, inlerdiciinj; its sale in I'.nis as liuinan food. Dnrina: the times of the revolinionary scarciiy, limvever, horse flesh was lari^ly used in ihe capital, and many, who look no oilier animal food for six monihs, felt not the sli:;htest injmy from it. The open use of it did not eeuse till IS03. In 1811, a lime of scarciiy, inanv bulcberswere caught makinj; market of it; and soon alieruanl, ibe medical men baviujj; de- clared (he fl is lost ; for it is even a trade to gather the lar- va'as food for fowls; and thus the elegant ani- mals which once (iranced proudly in iheCliamps (le rU.'iis, and at the gay ff-tes ol' the Freneji me- tropolis, are nuscrupulonsly consigned to the shambles of iVlontfuucoti and put lo the basest of put poses. Foon FOR Cows. — We would recouunend the fullnwiug ailiele to the carelid perusal of otn- readers, as it embraces a topic of great [iractical importanri'. With those limdliar wilh the writ- iiu's of iM. (yhabert, and his exalted character as a scholar, any conunendation on our part would of course appear superfluous. M, Chabert, the director of the veterinary school at All'oiil, England, liad a number of cows which yiehled ]'i gallons of milk evi-ry day. In his pid)licali(Mi on the subject, he observes that cows li'd in the winter on dry siibstances give less milk thasi those which are kept on green diet, and also that their milk loses much of its (piality. Ho published the following recipe, by the nse of v. hicb his cows afforded him;.n eijual quantity and quality of milk during the winter as « liming the summer. Take a bushel of potatoes, break them while ' raw, place tlieni in a barrel standing up, putting in successively a layer of bran and a small quan- tity of yeast in the middle of the mass, which is to be left thus to lerment dining a svhole week, and when Ihe vinous taste has pervaded the whole tnixlure, it is -.'iven to the cows who eat it greed- ily. We have been promised a comnmnicalion on this subject by a person to whom we casually mentioned the views of M. Chabert, and who has sonu! experience of late as regards the process he commemls. Experiments of this description are iimcli needed, at this day, and we me glad that there is one among us, if no more, who is disposed to make them, tmd liivor us and the pub- lic with the details. — .lit. Cull. Timber. — At the discussions of the Fanners' Club at New York, intiu-esting as well as inqiort- iuit fids are frecpieutly evolved. At the last meeting a inendier stateil that timber should he iMit down in IMay (U' June, when the sap is .-letive. He iu.-tanceil several liicts from a paper by Hon. Timothy I'iekering, laid beliire the Massaidiiisetts Agricultural Society ill IS'-il, whicli states that oaks fell in iVIay lusted SiJ yetiis — those cut in February lasted but 12 years, ihoilgli exposed under Ihe same circumstances. A fanner in Massachusi-lls cut a birch for a well sweep in ■May and peeled lie; bark oil'. It lasted 17 \eais, whereas birch cut in the winter wilh the bark lefl on, does not last more than mie year. Many other siniflar cases were enumerated from the paper. He said that limber cut in June should Ue sawed iminediutely after it is cut, as it then works easier. Timber will decay under three (ondilions. Fir.-it, by being moisl under a free circulation of air: second, when subjected lo ihe action of gases, and shutout from the air; and third, in water when in contact with vegetable putrilyiug mailer. Timber kept dry in a free eiiculatiou of air W(jnld never decay. This is true of oak. Timber has a tendiuicy lo absorb inoislnro liom the .ainiosphere, iind thus decay. .'Vlkaliiie roots and acids preserve it. — llenee the kyanized tiiu- ber whinh is satiiraieil wilh chloride of mercury, or chlorate of iion, zinc, or copper. — Common salt lias this tendency. Alpacas in Scotland. — We have seen a male and lemale of the Alpaca species al Craigbarnet, Lennoxtown, Stirlingshire, w hie h have been there fur the last eight mouths, and tliey have stood the severe winter willioiii injury, and we arc assnreil are more hardy tliau our native sheep; they require less f()od, and could exist where sheep would die. There seems hardly to be any kind of food they will not cat — ihey eat turnip.-^, hay, oals, and beans — they are more |iarlial to meadow than to rye grass bay. These animals are now in the high- est order and in the most perfi^ct health — they are jet black, and lijiiow their keeper like a doir, and are very eleuanl and interesPiug. The weight of liU! fleece of last year was 17i lbs. Their worthy owner is of opinitui, when the navigation beiween ns and South .'\iuerica is ilimiuished as to length of lime, which steam will most as- suredly accomplish, thousands of .Mjiacas will be brought over — our hills will he covered with lliem, and they will become a sonrci: of great wealiU and profit to the proprietors and farmers of the biglilaiid disiricts, fur these animals will thrive upon that kind cend it, whiMi he perceived a large cobra, near the root. On every atieinpt lo approach the trunk, the snake reared his crest to attack him, anil, as llie monkey moved to the other sidi!, the sn ike in like manner shifted his ground, so as aK\ays to in- tercept his advance to iIk; tn-e. The monkey on this quickened its movements, danced fioin side to side, and occasionally rushing directly at the snake as if to seize it, kept it in a stale of contin- ual action and alarm for nearly two hours, .At length the cobra, apparently tired out, lay stret<-lied on the ground. The monkey now walked leisurely belijie it, w-ali-hing its motions all the time with the utmost vigilance, and grad- ually lessening the dislance leiw(;en them, till he arrived wiihin reach of a single bound, when, springing on his enemy, before he had lime to rear his head, grasped him firmly by the neck. — The snake instantly env(do[)ed him in lis fidds, bnt the monkey, retaining its hold, sitized a brick- bat (;i part of the ruins of an (dd pagoda i^t the foot of the tree.) and coolly set himself lo work to rub .igainst the head of the snake. This ope- ration was continiieil with the most determined per.severance, till he had utterly destroyeil all vestige of the bead, reducing it lo a confused mass, when, disengaging himself from the now inert folds, he threw ii from him, and sprang up to his wonted roosting place in the tree. After this, il can s<'arcely be questioned, that the mon- key was not perfectly aware of the dangerous character of the snake, and also knew well the seat of the (iirniiilable power « hicli his enemy possessed, and could in an instant put forth bis dcstruclion. It also iqipears lo prove that the larger animals, unlike ihe smaller ones, and small birds, are incapable of beinir acted upon by the power of liiscination. — Medical Times. licngth of Life in Animals. A necrological talile of' st:ilistics relative lo the length of lili! of the animal at the Jardin des Plantes contains the I'ollowiug: — "The average length of lilii of the panther, tiger, ami lion, in a menagerie at Pans, is six or seven years. A lion, however, has livetl 99, and a lioness 17. Lions which are carried about and exiiibled to the pub- lic, are lininil lo live much lenger, generally from 17 to '.^0 yetirs. Th.e white bear of Siberia lives only three or (bur years; but the black bear, be- ing of il more robust constitution, survives to the age of 7 or 8. As to the fjimily of bears known by the name of Marlin-monle a-V arhre, they live- fi'oin 17 to 90 years, and belu)ld a long- series of* generation'Si. The hyena lives only 4 or 5 years; dromedaries and camels 30 or 40: the eleplianl, which when free reaches the age of a century, only reaches a quarter of that space of time ; the giriuTe, which is now in Jardin des Plantes, has been there 17 years, and still enjoys e.vcelli.'nt health; monkeys only survive 4 or 5 3'ears, and it is ineut oned as a great plienoinenoii, that one lived al Gibraltar for 17 years." Utility of Geese to the Farmer. — It has been long remarked that cattle of all kinds are never nnlieallliy where geese are kept in any qimntily: ami the reason a.ssigned is simply this, that geese consume with complete impimity, cer- tain noxious weeds and grasses, which taint more or less, according to their abundance, the finest padilocks pastured by horses, bullocks and sheep. Most hirmers are aware of this, and in many pla- ci?s where the beeves^ppear sickly, geese iire let inio Ihe [laslnres, and the soil where they tread is converted for the time being into a sort of in- firmary.—.Veio -Fiinnsr's Journal. * Method op Curing Oesti.nate-Horses. — A few days ago, as a carter was proceeding in the York road, near Donca;*ter, England, with a loud 16 Ql\)t laxnm'B illoutljlL) btsitor- of stones, his horse rriiid China.— There is hut little doidjt that the U . States are destined uliimately to com- mand all the trade ill the Indian and China seas. The supply of collou in tic: United States, Inclu- ding Texas, is far beyond what the wants of Eu- rope require. The wants of China are, however, such as will absorb a limitless cpianiiiy. The cotton goods manufactured in the United States already supersede those of all otiier countries in those markets, and American lead has entirely supplanted the English. The English govern- ment hope, by coniniandiiig the exclusive route to China over Egypt, by way of the Nile and the Isihiiius of Suez, (to ertecl which a iiegociation is now pending between that power and the pacli- n) to obtain news several weeks earlier than ii can be had in the UiuIimI Stales : an advantage which will give her merchants coulrol of the markets. 'I'heir diplomacy may succeed' temporarily in this, but the march of events will uliimately give the Uuiled Stales the mastery. Her popu- lulion is pushing, with a vigorous, rapid and im- ceasing march, along a line TS.'JO miles in extent, westward, towaid the shoresof the Fai^ilic. The occupation of the vast territory known as the Oregon, is already going lorward ; and twenty _v ears will not have clasped, before a powerful si.i'e will have sprung up on the shores of the Pacific. This great tract of llie Oregon is ilrain- cd hy the Colnnihia river and the San Francisco, which debouch upon ihe ucean at a point six days, by steam, distant from the Sandwich is- lands— a group the iiidepeiideiic(^ ol' which is guarantied; whose [lopnlaiinn is 100,000, mostly .\inericaii ; the surface, 8,000 square miles; o( a soil the most frniifnl, anil a climate unsurpassed in salubrity. 'J'hesc islands are situated in llie niiddle of the Pacific, on Ihe great highway from Oregon to China. The great whale fishery of ^lJe^e regions is conducted inoslly by .'\uieriealis, immbering 200 vessels, whose nnnnal pj-oduct is about 5,000,000 dollars. This fleet in ihe'snmiiier tnoiilhs ciiiises between the Inlands and the coast of Japan lor spmn whale, and carry on a lar^e trade in tins, &(•. which are now sold in Cliiiia, .■Vid the proceeds in tea scut home to the United 3lates. The wlioh; of ihis vast traile, and lliat of China via the Sandwich Islands, n'M be com- manded liy the Stale of Oregon. Those persons nve now living who will see a riiWraad coimecl- ing New York wiih I'^ie Pacific, and n steam cmnmunication from Oregon to China.— For the lasl three centuries, the civilized world has been rolling westw'ard ; and Americans of the present age will complete the circle, and open :\ western steam route wiili the cist. — HunCs Mn^nxine. any means too extravagant to say that they are allogelher aiile-diluvian in their charairlerislics. 'I'hey are now deposited in the I'atent Office, awaiting the action of Congress, which Mr. Hryaii has invited in a petition lo purchase them lor the (iiivcrmnenl, as nhoriginal memorials worthy of national preserv.ilion. 'J'hey consist of bones iind teeth of the great Aniericaii ele- phant, the mastodon, megalonix, and fosjil horse. Some of the animals to which these bones be- longed, judging by analogy, must have been from twenty lo thirty feet high, and large and long in projiorlion. These fossil remains, all in perfect preservation, have been pronounced by scientific members of the Asylum of Natural History, New York, who have carefully examined them, not only the largest collection, but Ihe most perfect specimens of the kind ever discovered in this country. — Aa(. Intel. Cloth Si;w.-< by Machinery. — The London Journal gives an engraving and de.scripljon of a 4.13G Stores, 92.271- Slieep, 02,740 Swine, 32,ni5 Beef Cattle,] 10,100 Stores, 1 'J8,8i0 Sheep, 1.3,(«t) t>wine, 32.070 Boef Cottle, n^lili Stores, 106 .G55 Sheep, 39,935 Swine. 1843. Sales estimated at 1S42. Sales estim-'iteil at 74,448 133.411 197,775 SI, 089,374 g 1.685,832 ,51,741,740 niachiiie invented hy Leonard ISostwick, London, for Ihe purpose of sewing cloth and olhcr ma- terials of a similar nature, lii this invention the needle vviili its thread is slationary, the fabric or clolli is made lo |vass into the maehiue between the teelh of two wheels, one large, another small, and is ihus fiiriniMl into doubles or (uiaips. Dur- ing the revolutions of ihe large wheel the doubles or midiiUuions in the cloth, are formed and forced upon, or taken up hy the needle. When the work has passed through the machine, it is found that a running stitch has been produced. The leiiglh of this running stiich is of cour.se regu- lated at pleasure by a change in the gearing wheel.'=, as respects Ihe fineness or coarseness of their teeth. Smoking Hams. — We are assured by an intel- ligent farmer that hams are very effectually pro- served from the attacks of the liy, while tiieir ijuality is not at all injured, by throwing red pep- per upon the fire in the smoke house, during the latter part of Ihe nperation. Vai.uk of Irrigation. — A small field of poor aiul almost valueless land in Scollnnd being irri- gated, the second year the biiriheu on nii impe- rial acre being weighed, it was found to have yielded f»,f.80 lbs. of 'well dried hay. 3m. .igri- cullurist. (JJ^ Sitbscribcrs lo Ihe lasl volume of the f'isi- tor, irho have not paid their S'Asrriptions, arc pnr- tictdiirh/ reqtir.ilcd to forward us the amount due, {■iimedirileb/. Vf'e shufl rontimie to forward the volume com- menced with this number to all who do not otherwise order. .l^cnts holdins subscription papers in their hands, for the present rolume, are rei/uestrd lo return to us such nciiics as they may have obtained, ns soon as possible. COUriTJNG-IIOVSE .\IiMAWAC FOR 1845. BRIGHTON M.VRKET— .Mo.M)AV,Jan. 27, 1315. l^f-lcportHd lor the Daily Advertiser and Patriot.] At Market 790 Btef Cattle, J200 Sheep, and 175 Swine. 100 Hc-cl' Callle unsold. PKicts — lieef f'attle — Several lots of Cattle were purchased on Saturday at last week's prices, which were not sustained to-day, particularly on ihe second quality. \Vi; ipMle a few cxln 50 a 0.20 ; fiist qii dity .^4.75 a ga ; second quality gi a 4..^0 ; third quality 3 75 a ^4. aiieep. — Common Sheep from 2,00 to 2,25; Welliers from 2.20 to 4,110. CONfOIlU WHOI.ESAI,E CASH PRICES CURRENT, for West India Goods & Groceries, Flour, Gr.\in, Pro- duce, Irox Sl Steel, Plaster, Salt, Li5(e, itc. &.C. Corrected weekly for Uill's N. II. Patriot by GILMORE & C'Ij.\PP, at the Depot Store, Concord, N. H. Feb. 3, 18-15. ASHES, Pots, 4 I Pt-arls 4.', ALU.M, 4 nm.MSTO.N'E, Roll, 3 Sulphur, 4 C.X.MPHOK. Rclined,.... 75 CANDLES, Mould, 10 .Sp'Tin, 3*2 ClU'FEE, St. Domingo 0 Porto Ilico, 6 I*orlo Cabello, 8.V Old GovernmenlJava,... 11 COPPEIl.VS, -2 FISH, Hank, If- quintal,. .2,75 Pollock, -.J.al) Dav Common do 10,00 Butter,^ Ih, 8®14 Cheese, new milch,.. .4?®5 Ftuir ineni, 3'S)4 Dried apple, best, SI'S 3 Lard, northern, 7h Do. suulhern, 6| 'J'ntkeys&C'liickenPjbe^t,? Gri.Jlins, bdst, 4.1 Kounii llot's i\fS>oi REDWOOD, ground, p- hiiiul ^,75 Nicaragua, ^ ton,.... 35,01) RICF., ^ huud. best, 3,75 Rl)SL\, }?-bhl 2,50 SAL,FUATt;s,firslquality,4 SlMi'J' Fossil Ricmains. — It is not perhaps generally known that the larcest collection of i;lgaulic'aiii- iiial.s' remains ever di,sci)vered in llie lulled Slaies is now in llie central glass case al ihc I'ateut Of- fice, in the long room, in care of ihe Commis- sioner of that oirice. These remains are the property of T. If. Ibytiii, of Missouri, who, in ihe summer of 1810, at great expense, and with incredible perseverance and labor hail them sought for ami disinierreil from an idlnvial deposiie in lioiiiou county, in. that Slate, in cousc'ipience of iiidicaiioiis of llieir jjresenci', accidentally ohscrvid by a fai iiiir in dTL'giin; fm' n well. They must have reiiiriined, in all probahlliiy, thus inhumed ceutmics upon cenlurics, if not thousand.^ of vears: for it \n not n conjcclmc by lU fi|7 13|11 'iU2l 27|28 w T IF ,S lOilfl 22'23 291.30 inifi > ; I 6 I7;J8 ! -g-; 13 24 i5 i "^ I 20 311 3, i IOI11I12 I71ihI|9 24 '20 2b J 13 j 20 1-' 3; ■! io;4) I7iin 21-: 25 7 .;l M ,T 27 28 1 3! 1 4 20! 3: 27128 1 6! 7' 0 .13 14 15 1 9120 21 22 6I27 28 29 \V\ T 2 3 9I10 lolicin 22123 24 29 10 II 12 < "l 17 18 19 30 31 j I 21-20 26 27 28 J [31 .. .. .. .. I ) •: l| 2 .3; 1 7 ST.; H i =^- I 21 3| 4' 5 9 10 II )2 121 [2f a 12 i.s HI 211 14 21 25126 • f 1 -' -'I ■'■ ' ■■' 9' 10 II 10 16 17118 22 23 212.5 29l30l..l.. ■ > ^ 71 8 9 r ^ 6 io!iii'i7ii8 I 29..'^(l 15: 16 ''2 !2.3 29iS0 5| 6 12|13 I 8 9 15 16 22 1 23 29lJ0 r- i 12 I.'i'btllO lO^II 17,18 21- i 1: 3 4 10 II 17 13 O ] 19,20121 122123 24 '25 ill 4! 5 II 12 18! 19 23 26 a' 9 15 16 22 23 29 30 12 19 20 26 Old Onn, 4,5n iS.ALi', St. Ubcs, (? hhd. 3,S5 No. 1 Salmon, it* bid, 1-l.UO Cadi-/., 3,25 No. 1 Shad, j,*lilil, 12,00 lionaires, 3,75 Ton'-i t Sounds, li> bill, G,00 Turks Island 3,7.-; Il.li.Fins,t>bbl, 9,00 Liverpool, 3,S5 FLOITll, Genesee, 5.37i Do. tine, \Vorthingston Fancy brand, 5,75 brand, [^ ba:i, %^'i OIlio, .-Vkron, 0,95 Do. otli,-r brands, 1,75 Spanldius, e.vtra, C,-23 S.-\LTPCTRE, crude, 8 Fr>i;t'l'. Fias, l-i I Do. relin-d, 9 Rai.sin/, blue mark, 10,00 'SEED. Clover, northern,..? niack mark 9,5.) Do. soutliein, • ! 9 10 II ^ S 16 17 18 " 2;!'24|20 Lso .. .. ' n 2 26 27 2;l ! 5 7 81 9 ^ i in5|l6 29130 31!. • 1 7 8 12 13 14'10 l9'2n ; •26 '27 31 ^ 1U,1I 1718 I 21 22! M^ I {z'.\ 29'30 3l 2j 21 22 28 29 01 6 12 13 19 20 26 27 ST VriCMlMNT OF BRKiHTON MARKKT FOR 181.1. .'i7,i;i0 l<-or Ci.iilc ^llps p^ilimatcdnl 51.278.740 Hox, bunch, 2,75 FIJ.STICK, Cuba,'!?- ton, 30,01) Tampieo 22,00 Gi-otiud, ]j^ liund 1,75 GLUE, Russian best 17 American, It GR.AI.N'. Oats, 37i cent K> bu Corn, G'^k do do bu Rye, fi2i ilodobu Beans, 75® 1,50 Peas, 511 'S 73 GRLVOSTOXES, tsl qual- ity, iinishei!,ll>liund.2,25 Do.'dn. unfinished, ....1,50 HERRING,!^ box,,No. I,. ..50 Scaled, 75 INDIGO, Bengal,. 1,10® 1,73 Spanish rtuat,... I, now 1,50 Manilla, 75® 1,25 IRON, Old .Sable, 4.^ Knclish, "i n-inks, refined, 33 Eimlish, sheet, 0 Russia, do UM 13 Old Sable nail rods 5] Norwegian do t> Ccunmon do i\ , Eiiglifh hoop, 5 American do 4 Snoe Shapes, .\m 4^ Swedes, shoe shapes, 4^ LEATHER. New York Sole Leather, Liillll, M ® 17 Do. Ileavv, Idlii; Hi LI. ME, Tluunaston, first uualily, 1.25 Caiu'len, (K 1,12^ LOGWDOD, St. Doinin- CO, IJVton, 92,00 ('ampeaetiy, 37,00 Ground, |i> liuud 1,75 MACKEP.EL, No. 1, ^ bbl 12.50 No. 9 1'-I,50 No. 3 S,.-.0 MOI,,\s,SES, llavuua 20 Surinam, 9t) ■rrini.lad 98 Porto Rico 3.' Sucar House, .50 NAILS. BosloiiIrouCo's bralol, ••', 010 C.lmly >lo -1', Wevmonth tron Co . .../.45 Maiden, 41 PLAs'rr.it, !,» ti.u, li.uo On. UTolllul :.'.t,oo PROVISION.?. Pork Ex- tra clear li>- bbl H,00 Common do 12,00 Ellrn Mrs 11,00 doz 10,00 Steel pointed do 9,00 Iron do. best, 8,00 Do. connnon, 6,.50 SOAP, C.a.stile, II ^Vliite Soap, best, 6 Brown, No. I, -1 Family, 5 Extra," Ii SPICES. Ossia, in mats, S9 Do. cround, 9(t Cloves, 30 Ginser, pure 7^ Mace, !»|t. 1,00 .NulU'ess, best, 1,25 Pimento, w iiole, 12 Do. {■nxnid, 14 Pepptir, w-bole, 11 Do. uround, 12 STEEL, Swedes, best 71 Snnder.-ton, Rrotliers & Co. cast steel, 18 .Tcssop & Sou, do IT German, bt^I 19,^ Do. coniuinn, 10 Coach sprnie, best,. 9^ Sl'GARS. Brown tlnva- na, very hesl, , .9\ Do. do. prime, s Do. do. fair, 7 Double refined East Bos- ton loaf, Ili Do. il.i. crushed Il{ Do. do. powdered, 12 Comm<.nloaf, lOJ Porto Rico, best, S Piirilieil Muscovado do . . .7^ TAK, 1,« bill 3,.50 TE.-VS, tainpnwder, best ipialily, (l» lb, 75 Imperial, ih 80 llyson, ilo ti'^ Hyson Skin, do 30 Voiins llvsou, common, .35 Do. do. ftilr 40 I>n. do. cood, 40 Do. do, best 55 TOB.M'CO, common ke|(,..li Good do in t'onimon box 8 Good do I2J Honey Dew, do. b«st, ...Is Cnvindish 95 Jkrm^rs JHoutljlg l^isitcru U.W.9WW9 iJUtm^^lMiU IIIBLMUJJIIg'JWI CONDlTCTin> BV ISAAC IIILI.. *Tho!'e who l*uob in the karth are the chose.v FEoruK OF God, whose nnEASTa he has mvde his peci:liaii deposite for surstantial and oenh'ine vm^ifk:.*' — JcfferAon. VOLUME VII. CONCORD, N. H., FEBUARY 28, 1845. NUMBER 2. rnaamtsesmeam THE P.VRMES-S .MDM-HLV VISITOR, ri i:i.iiin.!) BV ISAAC HILL, & SONS, ISSlfKD ON THE LAST DAV OF EVF.RV MONTH, At Atheuian Building. Jli^GENcnAL Agents.— B. ('ook, Keen^^ X H. ; Thomas n. Hampton, Washinfilon City, I). C; John MAH-iU, Wash- ingUm St. fioflon, 41a.^^■.i Chaiu.es VVabben, IJriuley Uo« , Worcester, Sliiss. TERMS. — To gin^Ie subscribei-s, Fijly Cfnts. Ten per fi lit. uill h:- alluwcd to thr pfrstm who shall st-ml mure than oiH.' Biih:5frihrr. Twelvi; rnpios willhe sent for Hie advanci? payment of Fit'c i>uWa;-.'<; iwt'nty-tivt: copies fiir Ten Dollars; sixty rnpies for Tieentij Dollar.!. ''VUn paymi:nt in every cast to be made in advance. ^jf^Money and !fnbscnpthji.t, bi; a rf-rnlatlon nf thr Post Master Oenrraly imuj in all cflj>cv be rciiiUlcd by Uic Post JUaHer, free uj {Jrj^All gentU*m Ml wlio have herctofurc acted as Agents nie irtpR'st'Hl to continue their Acency. Old subscribers who come under Ih:^ new term?-, will please notify us of the names alriiady on our boo! Adulterated 31ilk. TliR iij|j:iljit.'iiils of larfre ciiies ;iro coiistatilly ri••• ^— S!)c Jiavmcr's i!loutl)ljj bisitor. 19 (Ireil and four ijiilcs in llie coiirso of a yciir, t(i use his iicinlilior's i^iind.-loiii", when t\vi> ihiys.' liilior would |iiiiclKise one tliat uuiilil last ti:ii years. 1 liMVP sci'M a IliniuM-'s wifi; lliat would iii-cler soiii- <-rL'ain and a "visit," lo swuot (Muain and homv. Plougiiino i.v Clover. — .^iiiong other qiies- tioii.s which oii^'lit to he (and may he) (h'cideil, is tli:;t of the relative advaiitaL'e of |iloii;;hiii,:; in or liastnriiig clover. It si'erns to lie taken for i;raiit- cil hy luaiiy, thai |iloNL'liiM^' Iji the clover erop is ilioie heiieiicial lo llie land, and a more iirofilahle conrse, than ((■edin;; it o(i' hy animals. Hut ue do not think this |ioirit hyany means cstahlished. In a conversation with Air. Nohio, of l\lassillon, Ohio, he ohs('rveil that, from his own exnerience he had heen led to the conclusion that a much greater protit cnnhl ho dcrivi-d from [lastm-in;.' cloverwilh sheep, ihan from ploufjhiii^ it in. !le h«<1 lijuiul the wlie.it crop as good or heltcr where the clover was pretty closely fed down hy the sheep, as where that crop had been ploughed un- der; the land in holh eases 'heinu similar. If this woidd he the j,'eneral reVnlt, tlie additional ))roliis of sheep would decide the case much in tiivor of paslura<;e. In a late iininher of the New Genesee Farmer, we fuid iMr. Win. (Jarhutt (a very judicious filmi- er) entertains similar ideas to those ahove ex- pressed. iMr, G. considers pasturiiiir clover two years with slieep more profitahle to the fanner, more enriching' to the soil, and more heiieiicial to the wheat crop than ploughing it under. We would su^uest to ajiriculnnal societies the proprieU of oSeriuf; premiums for experiments to test this inaller. An ExTf:.NSivE Sheep Grower. — It is cur- rently reported on the authority of the Journal of Commerce that a Mr. Sheridan residinfi in Riienos Ayies, is the owner of 100,000 sheep. Me comnienced the husiness some years ago with oiilv CO — we helieve in 1826, and now ein|)loys 20 sheijherds.— Jt/e. Cull. started and pushed on, till at the present time a degree of perfection has iieeli riNichcd in some of the liest coiislrncted ploughs, to which, it seems almost iinpracticalile to make any furlher additions. As iVIassachusetls took the lead in the institution of plonghing-matches, and the oHl'iing ol' pre- miums for the hest ploughs, a hrief sketch of the progn^ss of impiMvement in that State, will he read with interest. At some of ihi; first trials of ploughs tuider the {lirection of the State Agrieultural Society, I'.riglilon, those nmdi! hy Jesse Warren, of Ded- li.Mui, Charles Howard, fef;t wide, and four stories high. They manufacture ploughsof various patterns, though they are mostly on what "■' '"■"■" I""" > ^ J .' IS called tht! "centre-draft" principle — tli.-it is, the beam is placed over the centre of the weight of the plough. These ploughs li.ave iicqiiired an extensive reputation, and orders are constantly received for them fioiu all parts of the Union. Messrs. P. & Co. also m.ike many subsoil ploughs of different kinds — also harrows of very superior construction — sowing, or pkinting ma- chines— straw-cutters, and most other liirming implemenis. Every tool is made of the hest ma- terial, and in the most finished style of work- manship. All their operations seem to he con- ducted with much system, and great regularity and neatness are observed throughout., From tlie .Mljany CuJMvator. Management of Breeding Eiyes and I^ambs. ^ Ma. Tucker: — Your private request that I should give yon my experience in the nianage- nieiit of breeding ewes, has been some time de- layed. A (ill! aecount would require too long a chapter for your paper. The accompanying notes are hastily and briefly given. » The nature and combinations of the various points and parts of the ram, should of cour.se he well considered, and impressed on the mind of the breeder, in order that he tnay always rear and pri^serve those animals to the greatest ad- vantage, paying the strictest attention to build and coiistilntion. and to the preservation of the quantity and quality of the fleece. It is very hard to find .'utd retain all of the fol- lowing qualities in one ram, or a stock of sheep, viz: Round build, wiih; eliesi, large belly, round and full behind, wide tail near l\n: body, large but short legs, long body, short h.iek, large hut short neck ; wool fine, very thick, and very long and oily; wool thick on the hilly; the inner part of the legs mostly covered, and run c|uiie even from the shoulder to the ham, free from jarr or long coarse hairs, of good length and thickness on the outer part of the fore and hind legs down to the knees andgainbrcl join:s; short head, but wide between the eyes, whi(;li should he liilland bright. In my judgment, a stock getter of this descri|ition is worth his weight in silver to any breeder that keeps one hundred ewes. There is a great difterence in the disfiosition of the merino race. Some of them are natural- ly more tame and docile than others. It is ipiito iin|iorlant to ohtiun a stock getter of a gentle and quiet disposition. An improved disjiosition indi- cates an aptitude to convert their food into liesli or fiit. A good disposition is very meritorious in the breeding of ewes as well as wethers; tlioso most gentle are in tli.i best state at lambing time. There are several circumstances whicli are sup- posed to form or contribute to this goodness of disposition in these animals. They must be well bred, or come from such as have good properties ; breeding in-and-in, or in the same line, greatly contributes to form disposition. Ewes should bo carefully s(dected before put to breeding, Choo.se such as tire the most perfect, and that possess in the highest degree those properties or qualities which are wanted. If the ewes produce wool of short staple, breed from u buck of b different character. A judicious selection ns regards build, should also he attended to at the time tliey are turned to the ram, if it has not been er | ones to be pliiceil witli liiiii iiboiit ten diiys later. Sixty ewes are enoiif;li (or a yoiiiijr ram, and 150- to 200 may be put to uri older one. It is best to throw ont the ewes as fast as ihey are tupped. The ram shoidd be ■Trained .ihle, there should bi^ no water in ilie lot, as tliiy may over s;iliale_and injure them- selves. In order lliat the young stock suffer no check, they should have good feed anil a plenty of it. The milk should be drawn bom the ewes within four or five days after weanfng, to ]ire- veiit any bad consequence by the udder swell- ing. The best way to get a smart aiiii even lot of lambs is to put out the buck only in the day time with the ewes. I sometimes put out the bucks two or three hours each day with the flock, sta- bling them the remaining part of the time. The method of turning a number of rams into one flock is highly exceptionable, as tending to prevent the main object and injure both sexes. Sheep are very sympatlietic animals, and have more to do in making their grogeiiy than any other species. Therefore to insure the lamb to be struck ofl" after the fjishioii of the sire, he should be plai'cd with them in the day time only. By placing ewes in fiill vigor with rams defi- cient in coiistitutioii, yon will produce more fe- males than males. To effect the contrary, let your rams be of full age, and robust, placed with old or young ewes that are not in full inaliirity, and bucks will be multiplied more than ewes. Merino ewes should not be allowed to breiMl until the third year. Their time of gestation is about five months, and are able to (iroduce three births within two years. Those that are back- ward ill taking the ram, the best means to be employed, are those of good stimulating keep. Covered sheep folds are often of very great advantage in securing and protecting both ewes and their l.auihs. Lambs should by no means be winter stocked with the ewes; being weaker, they cannot have an equal chance at the food. In order to guard against the injury of the sheep fly.vvliicli is more troublesome to breeding ewes, many breeders in this vicinity make use of Scotch snuff, thrown up the nose by a common syringe; a pound of snuff is mixed with eight quarts of water; one-half gill is sufficient for each nostril. It iiMpiires two hands to opperate expedilionsly. The head of the sheep partly en- ters a frame constructed for that purpose, and secured fast to receive the injection. The time selected for this operation, is the fidi season. Those s'leep that are affected with the grub in the head, occasioned by this ily, may be sought out during the winter and spring months. They exhibit a general stupidity and dullness; stand rather drooping. 'J'lie viscid matter that flows fi'oni the nose is somelimes of a bloody color. Good keeping during the summer iiionlhs is the greatest preventive fortliisaiul most diseases that trouble the sheep family. Kes'iectfuHv yours, ■ S. W. JEWET r. ff'cyhridge, VI., Dec. 7, 1844. On Fining Maple Snsnr. The Sweet obtained from the maple tree is imdoiibtcdiy the purest known; but tiom inis- niaiiaginiieiit in the mannfiictme of it, it fi'cipicnl- ly becomes very impure. Its value is lessened, while the expense of making it increases. I am sensible that the method which I shall recom- mend is not altogether a new one, and that it is more by allending to some apparently inimilc and trivial circumstauces in the opera ion, than to any new plan, that my sugar is so good. Much has been written u|ioii,and many useful impridc, A thick while scum, which is useable, is reuioved, ami llie sugar turneil into a cask, placed on an in- clined platform, and left midisturbed for six weeks or longer, when il should be tappeil in the bottom, and the molasses drawn off. It will drain per- fectly dry in a few days. The sugar iii.ade in this nianiier is very nearly as white as lump sugar, and beautifully grained. We have always sold ours at the hisihest price of Muscovadoes; and even when these sugars have sold at eighteen cents, ours ibuud a ready market at twenty. Two hands will sugar ofl' 2.30 lb.«. in a dav. From the scum taken ofl' in cleansing, I nsiiallv M.ake, by diluting and le-cleansing, one sixth as much as I had at first, and of an equal quality. It is not of tnueb consequence as regards the quality of the sugar, whether care be taken to kee() the sap clean or not. The points in vvliieh the greatest error is committed, are neglecting to use li flannel strainer, or strain after cleansing — to have the sugaring kettle properly cleaned — and to remove the white scum from the sugar. — E. II'. Clark, of Oswego, .V. 1'. Capabilities of the Soil. 'i'he Committee of the New Yoik State Agri- cultural Society awarded its premium for two hundred and fifteen bushels of wheat on (bur acres and twelve poles of ground, or nearly fifty- two and a half bushels to the acre, to IMatlhew Watson of Canandaigna, Ontario county ; and the second preniiuni on corn to J. V. Osborn of I'ort Byron, Cayiga county, bis crop being two hundred and thirteen bushels nnd three-eighths of a biisliid on two ai;res of laml. A Mr. Enos of Madison <'oiinty, entitled on proof to the first premium on corn, reported the extraordinary crop of one bundled and forty-seven bushels upon an acre! Three premiums on barley were repeclively awarded to Stephen E. Uudlcy of East lilooinfield, Ontario county, for sixiy-nino bushels and nincly lumdredths per acre on two „i;,es— to William Wright of Vernon, Oneida county, for fifty bushels and forty-seven pounds per acre on two acres — and to Nathaniel Wright of the .same town, for forty-seven bushels and twenty-five pounds per acre on two acres of ground. On oats, two premiums were respec- tively granted, llie first to Selli Lawtou of Wash- ington, Dutchess county, his crop being mie liiili- dred and twenty-one and one quarter bushels per acre; and the second premium to J. V. Os- born of Port Byron, Cay nga comity, his crop being one hundred and limr bushels per acre on a lot of two acres and nine rods. Of rula baga, premiums were awarded fiir 1 UiO, 820, and 724 bushels to the acre respectively : for carrots. lO.V.) val|c immcL-'s illont!)!]) llisitor. 21 liuslicis — for irjaiigel wiiitzel, 1101 bushels — for sugar bet'ls, G57 huslicls per acre. The niiif-t ccrlaiii laml;; for the |)roiluctioii nf the cereal };rHiu<, as « hual, harlev, oal?. fee, Is that of the .sci'oiiilary lorniatioii, ol' uliifh liiiii.'- sloiic i:^ (he; hat^is. 'j'o the iim.-I casual ohsorver (if soils who travels in clift'creui parts of the country, the rt'asoji of the dilVcreuce is aiipareiit. It is that (|uality of the soil, partakiui; of the na- ture ol' liiiiestouf; niajl \shii!h t'H'n]vesci;s on the appli<°aliou of vitriol or strong vinegar, ami wliicli snells and lireaks upon the surfa(!e lioni the ac- tion of liosl, that gives siahilily to the firowth of the cereal grains. Great crops are pro(l(K:efl not so unn-h from a mould of vegetahle richness — not »o nnicli Iroin the application of stininlaling vegetable manures, as from a pinvmling niincial quality in the soil which imparts hardness and vigor to the stalk, sustaining it until the growth of tlie grain is perfected. It is this quality of soil that gives the whole liiuestone region of the South and West so great an advantajje over the jjrimary rocky .soils ot' New Kugland. The same diiiiireuce betvveen the secomlary and prim.-iry formations makes tin.' vidley of the Connecticut superior to the valley of the M(U'rimack and the inounlain region of Vermont, quite to the tops of the hills, better than the granite ridgi;s ol'New llampslure. The cjcqis of grain in the seconda- ry formations are much moie certain; for al- tlKMigh the land itself may not be as fertile, nor the crops of straw so large, it seldom (ails to carry the growth of the grain lieymid the lime of rust. We have seen a beautiful growth of spring wheat or oats oil the well manured intervales of Merrimack river. Tin; crop grew up to the time of heading, raidi and vigorous, when just as the grain vvasabont to eousuiinnate its perfect growth, !i single heavy rain willi wind would lay the field prostrate, and, for want of siamijia in the earth, ii would never have strength to rise. A similar beautiful growth ujion the limestone land would rise up again, even if Imnt to the earth by rain and wind; and from such afield maybe ri?alized the crops such as those for vvffich the premiums are awarded by the New York Slate Society. Several years ago, on a piece of Merrimack county intervale turned up with the plough several inches deeper than it hud ever befiire been turned, we raised niueiy bushels of oats upon a sijigle acre, where the ground was not highly manured. The crop stood up until llie lime; of harvest; and we attributed this to the circumslauce of sowiui; less seed ujion the acre than had been usual. At another time, sowing only one bushel and a bait to the acre, we raised seventy-five bushels on each of a plat of foui' acres. The .stalks were much increased in tnim- ber from the thinness of sowing, and they seemed to slauil up in nnich greater sirength. In the groimd where limestone is absent, the blight and rust much more generally )u-evail. We believe that geological research and the application of seiiuice will ere long teach the lariiiers of New Englauil how, at a trifling e.v- ]iense, they may make such applications to their soil as will enable them to produce crops of equal profit to those of llie more lorlile regions of the country. They "ill soon be able to learn practi- cally what the soil reipiires and how the best rotation of crops may be pursued. On some lands a single bushel of gypsum will greatly in- crease the ))rodnction of a single acre — on other laiuls of ililli-rent ((uality, a bushel of pulverized quick lime may do as much in aiil of the ordi- nary manures. Flere leached ashes will effect wonders — there the apjdi'-aliou of simple sand or gravel will turn a barren wet soil to a great antl profitable prodnclion. Let the demonstra- tifuis of experience have their due weight; and while our IJirmers are cautious in jumping at ex- |)eriments where a failure may risque a whole year's crofis, let them be careful to adopt all improvements where there is moral certainty of ADDRESS, Before Ike Munioe County Jlgriciiliural Socieli/, id Rochester, JY. Y., October, 1844, 6^ Dr. Daniel Lee. JMr. President, anu Farmers of Mo.nroe :— The tiict cannot have escaped your notice, that com|)etition in growing breadstuff's, provisions, wool, and otiicr agrienltiiiul products, is fast be- coming a matter of deep interest to those that must live, and hope to prosper, by cultivating the earth. This growing conqielilion is ipiite unii- voiilable. The inlroihiction of labor-saving ma- chinery into every branch of the ineehanic aris, througliont tin; whole civilized world, is driving millions from factories and workshops into rural |iiirsnits, who, but for the invention of iron men, that eat no bread, nor meat, nor vvejirany clothing, had remained the good ciistniners ol' the farmers, insteail of heconiing his active rivals, if not ruin- ous competitors. Agriculture is tlie great busi- iiess of civilized man; but, like every other blanch of human industry, it Ifcis its tips and downs, its .-unshine and iis storms. Its sunshine is most enjoyed by those that avail themselves of all snbslantial iinprovenieiits in the art and the science of good husbandry. 'J'liese .■idvanlages give to the; fiM'tunale lew, who are wise enough to study and underslaiid them, a double capacity lo supply the markets of the world, by increasing to tlia I extent the productive power of I heir hands and their fields. Think not that 1 have ii hobby lo ride in this mailer. I fear bitter experience will soon, too soon, demonstrale the truth of the remark, that it is imsnfe for the fanners of Western New York to despise the improvements oi' the age, and the competition of the whole world beside. .'\t the Agricultural School near Dublin, the pupils have raised, this season, a large field of potatoes averaging T.'JO bushels per acre. With a population of ten millions living on a territory but little larger than this State, ami exporting more bushels of grain than ,-dl the United States, the fact hasalreoily been eslablisheil, that in s|iite of your protective duty of ten cents a hust'el, ii ishinei> can, and do, export potatoes to Boston and New York, and sell them at a little over a half cent a pound ! Farmers of ftlonroe 1 I declare to you, w itiiout the fear of contradiction, that out of the Free States of this republic, and excepling the British provinces adjoining us, agricultural labor is every where verj cheap, and likely to liill in price, with the increase of our race, lo the lowest point that will serve to keep soul and body together. Eu- rope, at this hour, lias two huudred and fifty millions of human beings, not one out of five of whom has iiermission to eat, or ollierwise con- sume, the entire friiiis of his own productive in- dustry. 'I'he market value of the labor of two hundred millions of people is continually forced down, by circumstances over which they appear to have no control. Nevertheless, their numbers are rapidly increasing; and the most desirtible outlet is to emigrate to this country, and settle on the fertile lands of our vast public domain. An- swer me this plain question : — If other men will work, thei\, and clothe the human family cheaper than you can afford to, what is to become of those who liave only their labor to sell, and nobody will purchase it at a price compatible with a full supply of the neces- saries of life ? Profoundly impressed with the importance of this truth, I desire that it may sink ileeply into your minds: It is the fiict, that the discoveries and iin|)iovenienis of every year depreciate more and more the market vtdne of the mere mechan- ical force of human bone and muscle. Thesame causes serve to augment, in an equal ratio, the value of cultivated intellect. It is in view of the competition of iron men and iron women, moved with wouderfid precis- ion by steam and water power — in view of the coiniietiiion of starving millions, working each fi)r a peck of potatoes a day — and sibove all, the fearfiil competition of those that will soon pro- duce two bushels of wheat, and two pomid.s of wool, as cheaply as you now do one pound of either — that I urge upon your attention the sci- ence of agriculliire. "Science" is but annlher name for knowledge; and knowh'dge is indis- pensable lo the practical husbaudman, as a mat- ter of self-defence. I h.ivc not the vanity to assume to be a teacher. But since the worthy Pn.'sident of your Society has honored me with an invitation to address you, and having assumed the task, I will endeavor to show something of the imporfance of science to the practical agricullnrist. Noiliiiig is more probable than the supposition that soma one of you has liarvesterv.<, ami watered them with pure distilled water. Some ir tissues, and becomes iig.-un insoluble. But a snia'II part of wood ashes, when put up in a leach, will ly of or- ganic matter, anil only lacked one or two eimpli: minerals, you can readily see how a farmer might pay, as do some in Virginia, at the rale of •SbO a ton for in;;redienls to be transformed into plants, and sold, perhaps, at §10 a ton. It is, liDwever, hail economy to waste the raw materi- als of cultivated |jlaiits- the very constituents of our daily bread anil meat — and then trust luck to purchase, at a dear rate, something nearly as good brought liom Africa, or the Pacific Ocean. A large portion of the elements found in gnano, and the salts or minerals necessary to the growth of plants, esca(je from the bodies of animals, whether man or brute, by their kidneys. Voii need not be told that the liipiid exeietioiis of all aiiinmis are salt, anil that this saline matter must come liom their food. Small as this mineral substance nsilly is, when cuiii] per cent, of ingredients lacking are worth their treble weight in clean wheat, if they will add 15 bushels per acre to the crop. What was the value [ler pound of the few horn shavings used by the Mayor of Albany, which added 'JO bushels of corn to two acres of land, more than were harvested on an acre in all other respects treated like the two named? Some of you may have noticed, that one kernel of wheat will often send up ten stems; and that, iimli.'r fiivoruble circumstances, each stem will bear an ear containing 100 or more plump seeds. I have freipienlly counted over 130 seeds in a head or ear. This is less than half the yield of steins which has been obtained, yet it shows a perli,ct willingness, and the capacity, in Nature to give a return of one Ihoiisitnd fold on the si'cd |)laiiled. A single Jieck of seed planted on an acre, in drills, aiul judiciously supplied with all the in- grdients necessary to form |ii'rfei't plant.-*, and yielding at this rate, would give a crop of ^50 bushels. Experience has demonstrated the prdclicahilily of increasing largely the yield of grain without augincntiiig the growth of straw in an equal ratio. You will bear witness to the truth of ihe rem.irk, that it is not always the heaviest yield of straw ill wheat, oats, corn, idover, or peas, tlnit gives the most grain or >'cm\. 1 assure yoir, that if yon will li'cd to your hungry plants a good deal more of those ingredients taken liom them, and nK>sl insanely thrown away in urine, you will soon know, why guano is worth si.xty dollars a ton. By cultivating the soil with the plough and hoc, it loses not only the minerals carried off in the >rops, but not a little of ihe same sidistaiices while dissidvcd in water, uhicli, instead of being taken iqi into the ririiil.iiion of cultivated plants, pass with the waii;r into creeks, rivers, anil the ocean. How much of the valuable salts of lime, potash, soda, and magiu'sia, are lost from ciilli- vated land, it is impossible to say. But there is scarcely a spring or well, especially in a good grain country, whose water is not "hard." By evaporating a few gallons of such water in a clean vessel, a thin coat of white powder will cover its bottom niiil sides — being the luini^rals held in solution In the water, which it took from the earth. All the Blreams that flow into the ocean have more or less of these saline ingredients dissolved in them. The sea is a vast salt-pan, with no other outlet than by solar evaporation. The known difleience in the water that fulls from the clouds on to the land and that which runs into the ocean — the water runninc in being salt, and that which escapes \iy itolar evaporation being fresh — makes the water in the ocean very salt, and cry.stalizeil more or less, like tliut in u vat used to make salt, at Saliiiii. No small portion of the rocks fouiiil in the bed of the sea are com- posed of ingredients which, like the crust of lime in a lea-kellle, were (nice dissolved in water. Few arc iiware that the materials carried, either mei banically, like mud, gruvel, and sand, or in solution, to the ocean, from ancient islands and continents, have formed rocks on this continent estimated at, and I may say measured, by Prof. Kogers, to the depth offorli/ Ihousiind feet. Mr. I'lidips, in his '• Elcinents of Geology," sets down the perpendicular thickness of the rocks in Great Britain, which abound in the re- mains of plains and aiiiinals that oijce lived on Ihe earth, at six and !i half miles. \'i;wed with a chemical and geological eye, ihe soil in West- ern New York has many interesting features. It possesses many minerals of great value to be used in the |ireparation of compost hetips. I regret that ] have not time to go into details in the matter of combining and prep;iring the pre- cise elements required by Nature to form the plants most cultivated in this section. To absorb many of the valuable gasses given off linin fi'r- menling manure, 1 have reason to believe that there is nothing better than pulverized charcoal, mixed %\!th plaster. It is a suhject worthy of much study, to learn how to save and use to the best advantage all ibe solid ami liquid excretions of every animal that feeds on the fruils of the earth. Nature has done much for the farmers of Mon- roe county, in providing ready to Joiir hands a soil remaikable fiir its fertility, and an atmos- phere, lor your lungs, not less remarkable for its salubrity. I rejoice to know that these great natural advantages are duly appreciated and well deserved, by a rural population alike dislinguished for iheir intelligence and their industry. Think not, that while I conlend we all have something to learn, I woidd under-estimate the wonderful improvements which have been made by the hardy tillers of the earth in Western New York. No man respects honest, [iroductive industry more than I do. All I desire is, to see it better directed, that it may be better rewarded. I have often felt, and ofttn expressed, my deefi anxiety to see the time when every practical farmer in the State shall be, able to produce all that he and his limiily shall need, or a fidr ccpiivalent, ami then know quite as well how to keep and enjoy the rich fruits of his honest toil, as all the non- producers in the land shall know how to ex- change their shadows lor the uorking m.in's sub- staiu'e. Believe me — those that cre.ite, by hard work, nearly ull the good things consumed by civilized man, ought to learn how to keep, as well as how to earn property, i'anperism is on the increase, and it W(Hild be well if' every man, wuintin, and child knew ihe reason why. Son?. A^vay down east, where |)Uin|)I\ins grow, And the girls arc fair and luprry. Lives a lass as pure as the inniiiilain snow, Willi lips like a biirsliiig cherry : And oil niicn the moniihranis wake alune. And the; loy has li-ll Ins cover, She leaves her eot, like a timid dove, And files to embrace her lover. Noble and true is her firsl-love's choice. And hi.s linnrl's the throne of honor ; And her car drinks innsic frouj his voice, ■As his gaze is lixcd upon her. And the evening breeze, nnd quivering leaf, Anil the etarry hosts of Heaven, Are witness all ol her fond belief, ,\s his ardent vows arc yivcn. There's not snch another pair in Maine. As Kulh and her handsome Harry ; And :dic says, ere winter eontes n|.^.iin, lie has promised her to marry. Vet she thinks tliat eonrlsliip's liourii ore BWcot, And 'lis line lo have a lover, .And she almosi dreait.^ when their hands must meet. And these charming scenes be over. Siii'LTER KOK. Stock. — Licliij.' asserts that " our clothing is merely an equivalent for a certain amount of food." In other woiils, if we k<'ep ourselves comfortable und witrm, we cannot etit so much, becuusc the amount of heat to bo sup- (Sl)c Jarmer's iUontl)li) llisitor. 23 iilied by tlic food is diininislieM. Thc.«e obser- vations" me as ujiplicable to domestic animals as to ourselves, and tliev tcadi ilin liirnicr tlie ne- cessity of nrovidiM}; comfortable sbelter lur liir< stock. It lias been pioved by lepcated e\|)eri- ments, lliat animals dnriii!; tlie winter season en- tirely exposed to llie weather, do nut thrive as well, nor keep in as fjood condition, as those comfbriablv lionsed, althoiifih they consume Iroiii 'T) to 100 per e<;nt. tin; most food: thus shouins ?he owners of stock that if they have not siifh- cient mercy npon tlie dmnb beasts, to provide them shelter for winter, their interests should pron)|it them to do so. My Uncle Zephyrns. BY V E N F. T f A . Did 1 ever tell vnu niiy thins about niy uncle Zcphjrus, wh..m we youn./pcnplo. that" is, my W.'«^-''y« >;"";•";;' uiv hiu'liina brothers and my merry sell, used to call the .. kau or .Sentiment" ? As 1 sometimes like to no e the peculiarities of dislinquislied personages. I will allnmp to relate,— though not in " pure, /Vddisoni.ni prose, as it is said the •' Man ol Feeling" was written.-some o( the characteristics of my relative. Zephvrus was not his real name, though he strenuously insisted on bcin? so called. His family name was bticks; n most absurd one to be sure. Indeed, every one ou^ht to be truly thankful that his name is not Ichabod Slicks. So was my worthy uncle christened and so was he desig- nated through the years of infancy and childhood and till he was laroe enough to doff a short spencer and chip hat for a swallow-taded coat and black beaver, then his spirit rebelled againstso ludicrous an appoUatum and. when his sensible fflher refused him the lavor of applying to the Stale Legislature for an rdteration ol his n:.me rom Ichabod Sticks.'^Jun. to Francisco Marmaduke Welling- ton, he determined, if he must bear the cognomen Sticks, it should be coupled with something more classical.— Stiix was classical 'tis true, but Sticks reminded one ol splinters and straws, said the unlucky youth. Therelore, from all words, ancient and modern, sacred and protane, he selected Zephyrus, which lie considered extremely t,i.lelul. iVe usuallv called him by the chosen name, be- cause he was always 'so good-humored and spice.l his lol- lies and whims with so many ple.isantries, we could do no le^s than indulge him in this harmless wish ; but many, in fact, nearly all of his acquaintances termed him simply The youn" man seemed always unhappy. He possessed such a mawkish sensibility that nothing of every-day lite pleased him. With a decided aversion to the common- place realities of existence, he was ever soaring away Iroin ordinary pursuits and the pleasures within the reach ol every one who is able to appreciate them^n search ot happiness more refined and senlimental. The miseries of human life, harped on by writers from the days ol Ur. Johnson downwards, to him consisted, in being summnn- ed from the contemplation of Milton's beauties to partake of a substantial dinner of baked pudding and beans ; or while ".i-iing with rapt eye upon the lorms ol lading clouds and purple clouds and leaden-coored clouds in bein-r called by the shrill voice of his hale lather to help the vvork-lulks get in the last load of hay to save it Irom a threatening ihower ; or while admirmg picturesque scenery, drawing down poetry from the azuio heavens, peoolin" the landscape with g.illant men and beautilul la- dies, and listening to music of his own creation in be- comin» suddenly conscious that earth is not Paradise by the siAt of a bare-footed co,v-boy, who by vocilerating nt the°top of his voice at once destroys the charm. Tlie or-cupation which has been honorable ever since the days when ••.\dam delved and Eve spun," was suitable business for sordid-souled beings, but seemed too degra- din" for him. Had he lived in the days ol Locke and Shal'lcsbury he would undoubtedly have been one ot the chosen imiriffruLfs under their Utopian system of govern- ment in the newly planled colonies of Carolina. He would perform no kind of manual labor, not because he lacked strength, and generally not from inability, but lor the very good "reason that it was beneath his dignity. He lanciecl he was born with a soul more lofty than the niass of peo- ple and wished to become a second Walter Kaleigh ; al- tpr'reveUing for awhile in the splendor ol his imaginary El-Dorado, the brilliant illusion was dispelled only to give place to another; he dreamed r.f De Soto and the immor- tal honor winch would accrue to the discoverer ol the '• Fount,ain of Eternal Vouth ;■' then, when fully persuad- ed of the utter impossibility of ever realizing these chi- meras, he dwelt on the rising fame of Scott, and believed he should be able to out-rival the "Magician ot the iY.rth. Such were his day-dreams. So, scorning the idea ol bronzing bis delicate complexion on the green ineadows of the Connecticut under a July sun, or soiling his lady- like hands in shovelling dirt from a sand-baok for the very useful, thou-h to him seemingly contemptible purpose ot repairin.' roads and bridges, he passed his time among Ins books, of which he was passionately lonil, or in w-alking about with his arms folded philosophically on his breast. Grandfather Sticks said it was of no more use to urge him to r!o anything against his own inclination than to try to drive a contrary pig, for he was ol' Dr. I'ranklin s opin- ion that " spitting against the wind is only spitting in one s own face." After various cogitations on the subject ol Ichabod's settlement for life, he concluded as he had sev- eral smart active sons to assist him in the field, and a set of hoppfnl grand-children springing up around him who could do the "chores," he would send Ick to college, calculalin" like many New-England farmers generally considered sensible and judicious, though strangely de- ceived in this particular, that a young man who is too proud and too indolent to learn a trade or work on a farm might make an excellent minister. Mistaken man ! His erro- neous plans were defeated liy the very individual lor whose benefit they were intended. Mr. Zephyrus positively re- fused to take upon himself the duties of the sacred call- ing, observing that the scri|)tures v/liich were so plain that " the wav-faring man though a foul need not err therein, required'no e.tplnnation irom him. Law was then pro- posed, but the imaginative youth said it was too abstruse. Besides, its technicalities and dry details were so tedious and disagreeable, that he feared he should liecoirie a mo- nomani.ic before he could wade through Coke and Black- stone and the various tomes, over which so many students have burned "the midnight oil." Lastly, the study ol medicine wa,» su'-ested. but the bare menlum ol it jarrecl his whole nervous system. He had familiarized himsell with the noted" mediciner," Henbane Dvvinmg, and other worthies of a similar character, so as to have lormed an unyielding prejudice against their profession. It the old ncntleman had not felt rather impatient and Iretlu he would not have attempted to make a physicim ol Ichabod, lorol all beings in the world, he knew that a country " Doctor" required not only strong nerves but caution and self-possession, which his volatile son most lacked. " It will bo of no use to send him to college." said grand- father in despair, " for learning is not of inuch use to any body that don't mean to get a living by it." liut Zephyrus had such an e.iger desire to " get an edu- cation," that his father finally consented to let him go to an academy, two or three quarters, which would be doing pretty well for a farmer's boy who ought not to expect more schooling than eiilit weeks in the winter season, from which eight weeks five might be deducted lor lime spent in chopping, sledding and other winter work. He at first felt very sad at the thought of leaving home and extremely sensitive about coming in contact with thoEo who had enjoyed superior advantages, and doubtlul about his ability to fight his way among them, but alter hearing the partin'^ advice of his venerable father, he was some- what cheered, and having arranged his aUairs, which was no small task, for his trunks and boxes of papers and books to say nothing of a cabinet of curiosities and botanical specimens, nearly filled grandlatber's great garret,— bade adieu to his friends and left us for the hall ol science. Ichabod remained at school three terms, and returned rather more accomplished and gentlemanly, and with a smattering of ancient and modern lore. The trying ques- tion about his future life was now to be considered. VVhat could he do for a living 1 He had gained some new ideas, but they only served to increase his aristocratic notions about work ; he made strange observations about the sor- did and sentimental elements of creation, and startling distinctions between the vulgar and genteel. But animal life must be sustained. No man, however sensitive or imaginative, can live on air. He was too generous to wish to avail himself of the hard earnings ol his lather, and really wished for some respectable mode ol gaining a subsistence for himself. But it was a difficult task to find the business exactly suitable, and if it could have been found he was so wavering that he would have been una- ble to •• settle himself" to any advantage. Afler giving him advice which would fill an octavo volume, Mr. Sticks left him to follow his own inclination. A very amusing account of his various plans and schemes, his attempts and failures, for three or four years, might bo written, which coidd terminate very aptly by sundry words of counsel to lh.= "rising generation" on the utility of perseverence and stability of character, unless the au- thor should be incompetent for discoursing on those ex- cejlencies, being like myself better acquainted with the theorvthan pMCtice. But as the task of detailing his eccentricities may devolve on a more able biographer, 1 will merely narrate some of his actions after his twenty- third year. About that time a book-seller, a Iriend ol the family consented to receive him into his store, piobnbly out of kindness to Mr. Sticks, for from the various stories in circulation about the youth's versatility, he could not have expected in the person of Zephyrus a very v.iluable acquisition. The old gentleman very mildly but serious- ly be""ed of his son to attend steadily to his business, and fo^a few days his counsel was remembered, lor .Zeph- yrus performed all the duties devolving on him, to the satisfaction of the individual with whom he was connect- ed But one day before the close of the first week he was not to be lound, just at a time when his services were most needed, nor did he make his appearance till the hour of iwiliaht. and then in a mood so abstracted as Ki be un- able to give any satisfactory account ot himself I he next niornintr he was again unaccountably missing, but his em- ployer succeeded in tracing him to a small chamber in the attic, where he was found sealed in an old rocking- chair, his feet comfortably rested on a neighboring table, completely absorbed in the second volume ol " 1 haddeus of Warsaw V This way of spending his time, however acrrecable to himself, was far from being so to the boys- seller, who, finding all attempts to interest the new clerk in the duties of the store, inefi-eclual, dismissed him with a message to his father, saying young Sticks might be an excellent and rapid reader, but would not sell a book in six months. In his most atientive and collected moments Zephyrus would not have known a half-dime Irom a hait- ''"o^eat was the grief of grandfather and greater the grief of Zeohyrus, hut his sorrow arose from a lar ditlcrent source. Unlike his prudent parent, he gave hardly a thou'dit to the money which might have been earned, ex- pcctuig to go through this buying and selling wor Id willi- out troubling himself about matters so small as dollars and cents; but the rich, intellectual feast— lor besides being the repository of a circulating library, that qui^ntessence of the literature of the land, the store cimtained the usual assortment of books, classical, historical and dramatic,— was a loss for which he was inconsolable. Nearly a year passed away before my uncle decided up- on a new kind of business or my grandfithcr proposed anything which was agreeable to him. The lile ot a tra- veller offered much that was interesting to one of a r mantle temperament, and Zephyrus happily thought he should like to ramble over the country as an agent lor periodicals and maps. So, with a few specimens ol a magaianc just published, carefully arranged in a port-lolio, and with a roll of maps nndc his arm, he set out on his peregrinations. The young man himself was ve^y san- l.uinS but no other one of the family expected that he would be successful, therefore, no one was surprised to see him about three weeks after his departure, slowly wending his way up the hill to our house, his clothes soil- ed and dusty, his countenance pale and dejected and his whole pcrs.in bespeaking the weary traveller. 1 oor let- low ' While detailing to us, before he commenced his wanderings, the pleasure he anticipated from the fine vieWB which he expected to sketch lor our admiring eyes, he had not thou"ht that a |7cdeetrian would find the showers which "ave such beauty to a niiirmuring brook or a winding riv- er, extremely uncomfortable. Campbell's line, •' 'Tis distance lends cnchantmenl to the view," had probably never occurred to him when talking of the blue hills and dusky mountains, which "'hie seen at a distance are sublime features in a landscape, ^"1 when we find that their summits are to be attained by toilsome la- bor lose atleasl half their charm. Uncle Zephyrus learn- ed Ui:it Ih.re are real miseries and that they »re /-"^ '» be borne by one who had never duelt on any othortlian imaginary ones. He was remarkably neat m his personal appearance, and found that rains are ruinous to starched cravats and linen wristbands, and that dust makes sad hav- oc with black broadcloth and polished boots. Moreover his constitution was far from robust and he could ill bear the fatigues attendant upon his voi-ation. A sililation was olfered him in the shop ol an engraver soon alter this disappointment, and Zephyrus entered zeal- ously into new plans for acquiring an honorable mainten- ance ! would by no means have you suppose that my uncle served an apprentieeship-lhat would have b«n too yuTgar but he fortunately aided in son^e of the work which he considered very respectable, for which service he re- ceived regular wages. ■ Instead of taking the pay due to hfm at a "tated tim'e, in money, he had some engravings of a "flame" of his prepared, which he sent home, and wh'ch so enraged his fatlier that be not only reques ed tat positively commanded him to return. Zephyrus ke a dutiful son came, and received a severe '"ePJimand I om his incensed parent, who now began seriously to fear that I bod lacked nol'only common ^onse but sense of any kind Though he was now old enough to decide lor liim- self the old 'gentleman spoke authoritatively >b°"t* "d- ino- the hi<.h-spiriled youth to a shoematier or a saddler bu°t he made sich solemn promises of amendment, that ^I'Ltber yielded,-as mdnlgont fathers always will, to ^he humors /f a favorite child. Zephyrus had discovered a mine of talent, and assured his anxious lamily that he budded to become a celebratedaiithor ; but if s doubt- u whether the elders would have iia.d much attention to his had it not been for the entreaties ol three or tour voung people who regarded their unfortunate relative with TfeeUng of sympathy, and very demurely pointed to pass- ages in L lives of a'few great men. showing conclusively that eccentricity is an accompaniment of geniu=. f er- ua ion from Ihe^mall folks induced the seniors to look with a p ving eye on the erratic propensities ol the young- est son"^ who wL forthwith allowed a room in the second "ory of the farm-honse where he located himself for the Duroose of attending to his literary pursmts. The under- S?ng Ihroughourthe family was, that he was engaged tn some great undertaking, and there was a general won- der amofg the members as to what the volume would be which would eventually make its appearance with the sta ding name of Mr. Zephyrus Sticks on the lille page. Tha he might devote hin.self to bis duties without in er- rupt on, no one intruded into his " sanctum," as the chil- dren w eked imps, called his place ol retirement Bu't I notwithstanding the daily performance of unro- mantic labor, such as iif.lking cows, churning b""" =>"" spinning wool, was a f.vorile with my uncle, 1 ll^rdly^now vihv unless because 1 had a lancilul name-(l hope yoo wMnol think me egotistical if the great; personal pronoun les occasionally g^eet )— ey^)--" P^d'^at'enTy'to svmnathised in all his sorrows and listened patiently to all h^s tales However this might be, 1 sometimes took Jhel he fy of looking into his study, where 1 usually found bin %acing back and forth vvith a pen and manu- cript in h s' hand, his eyes " in a fine frenzy rolling. - Without paying much attention to his appearance, 1 made rnvsell at h"™^. "'"""^ "'" ''alf-finished sketches of hi, beU,ved!and the'more a'ttractive objects, two Canary birds, and one pet spaniel that guarded the entrance to his re- Jreat A liarp, that he had obtained by some means, no- bodvknewhow, was flung carelessly on the floor, and snriffs of myrtle geraniunrieaves and withered ro^^s lit- in these matters- peeped from his books, '"Mcntrme he ha'd fa'llen in love and between love and literature there was danger of his being ruined. How he wouTd have succeeded in the IV'^'/'f,' m i"nXed"tS prosperous, 1 know not, but to his day 1 am "'=b"<'^ \° believe that the muse did not olten descend to this aspl !r-^— !-i^rTh;\x;5iS^ srht^'^^;^:o^*^r"^:;'^>o::^^vov^r5i Sifi^^r^r^.;s^Hl£ ,.el Grey was the name, and she who bortwas^aj^^^ two merry hazel eyes, and ^.■"'^^hievo^^ c«rl of th_e^pre^^ tiesl pair of lips in the world. A beauty snew Isabel Grey. Every girl of her acquaintance loved Her, 24 iwikat'Miigga^ ^l)C laxmtx's iHontl)lri bisitor. notwithstanding slic slolo the. hcarl;* nf all the young men in the neighborhnm!. 'i'ltcre was fanniething ^o aireclinh- ale about her ; eht sn twined herself around every ones niilme that she \v:is I'crlcctl) irrcaislible. So bewilchinjj. BO t'qfcinntin?, I ust -J to think of the rattlesnake when I Bnwhereye fixed on a victim. Vcs, alie made victims j every man whom she comincrtd mii;ht have said in the words of Willis, h^iii they been written then, »' she hrokc my heart As kindly, a^ ihi- fisher hooks the worm— I'iiying nu- rlie w liile.*' A wicked creature was Isabel — t wicked coquette — and rIic deserved her late. This girl wnn the heart of my uncle Zephyrus. She came across hit; path one bright sunny niorning when wr two were strollm;:^ il"Wn our pasture lane, her jetty curls floating on thn wind, her gipsy hat swinging on her arm, (ind her briplil cheek g!owinL{ w'llh animation, and with the gracefulness of .1 young lawn hounded up to us. and bestowing on me a happy smile, turned on my cumpanioTi her mischicv'jus eyes. Alas fur Ichabod ! 'I'he very men- tion of her name after that, wnulil call the mantling lilood into his cheek and brow. She lan;,'hcd with him — she bUng — she danced — »hc talked ol :-entunent and svnipalliy — she sent him fhiwtrs and walked with him in the roman- tic groves (if our ohl liomeslend, till she made hiiii be- lieve she lovnd him as her very i^oul, and so shoultl we all have believed, had we not known *' hi)W nfi bffure •Chat sweet viiiro had deceived." Uncle was really in love. How often in the ttmrse of his life, by blue eyes and black eyes, grey eyes and hazel eyes. 1 know r;nt."bm now he was in a ilelirium. It mii^ht have been expected ihat an end would come tn this — and nn end did come. The young people of nur village, though not literary, were scnsiblp and iiigonious, and nniong the various in- ventions to pass the time agreeably at the "apple-bees" and quitting parties, some ol' the gills had iii\ented what they termed " devices." These wese hieroglyphical cards, with an accompanying mntlo which frerjiicnlly showed considerable skill and taste. Tliey were for awhile very popular among us and created no little merriment at the evening circles. At Fome parly in the autumn, Isabel (Jrey put one in circulation, representing a youth < lad m Ktudent-like garments, wearing n drooping straw hat trim- med with a pale green ribbon, with a qiiil! liistened in the button-holes of one sidt: of his coat and sprigs of hearl's- casffin the other, literary essays visible from his pocket, a guitar attached to liia neck by a bine ritjl)0n, and a little lap-dog waffging beliind. Any one who saw this image must have reco^jnned my uncle, even if the face, which was an admirable Idleness, had not shown fur whom it was intended. When I first saw it. I felt wonderfully disposed lo put in motion about tlio fair face and neck of the perpetrator, the whole niachineiy of small pine and needles so suc- cessfully Uficd in the days of the Salem witchcrall. It would have been childibli 'lis true, but 1 was a cliild ihen. I forbore and let li.e mischievous belle enjoy her triumph. It was her last Iriumph. Beautiful 'Bel Grey! Ah! Uncle Zepli and I h ivc had our revenge. This atfair created quite n laugh among the heartless beings present, but from that night, the coquette's lovers one by one drnp[icd away, perhaps, from fear of meeting a similar late. She gaihed some credit for l.cr wit, but her sensible acquaintances despised her for having ritliculed one 80 attentive and generous .is my uncle. A few nights alirr thie. before 1 iiad been able to ascer- tain if the unfortunate lover had heard of his lady's cruel- ty, our family was atisend)lcd around the hearth ol our great old-fashionrd lire-place. If you wish to know how our Ihmily looked, you may Ihncy a patriarchal group, consisting of a dear, grey-haired grandfather, an equally dear grandmother, one or two elder sons, who were con- tirmed old bachelors, as many eider daughters who were confirmed old muids, the youngest son, Ichabod, with half-a-dozen small people -who were the children of tlie married daughters and who made their home alternately at the old homestead and at their own respective abodes, a few rods away, 'ind our good-humored hired man who assisted on the four farms that belonged to the various members of the family. I felt singularly curious to know if uncle Zephyrus had heard of the satire, (or despite my benevolence and symjiathy, liicre was a little lurking wick- edness in my heart. Without attending lo the " narrow- inga"' in my knitting-work, I kept my eye on him, lor I perceived all was not right. The other members of the circle noUeoling such an interest, were too bu.'iily engaged with their hooks and work to notice the Lighs of uncle Zephyrus. Uf all the W!)rds in the Knglish language the most disagreeable are these two. sigh and swoon. I cer- tainly never made use of either of them before in my life. A sigh has been the tlienie of many a song, but to me, it conveys no [)eculiar thoughts of misery 5 a tear in the eye of any one alwiiys makes me feel sad. but a sigh ever brings something more of the luilicrous than melan- choly. Uncle Zephyrus probably felt little inclined to mirth, for uvcry moment he .sighed more deeply, and linal- ly attracted the notice ol' Jonas, the hired man, who very pathetically asked " What is tiie matter 7 Arc you sick ?" Poor ZepliyruM must have been in the land of dreams, or he would not have betrayed liis emotions. "Did you ever have the heart-ache?" he said in the most dolorous lone iniaginabh?, at the same time raising hie head from the leather cushion of the arm chair where it had been restiiij^. " Heart-ache ? JNo, i've had the head-ache and tooth- ache with a vengeance, but I never heard of the heart- ache before !" llncle perceived in n moment that (me of so coarse a nature was ilchlilute of letdmg, and with a groan, lie r()se, took a light from the l.d»le and left the room. iSot more than ten minutes after, a pair of great bhck eyes peeped in at the door of uncle Zeph't '■ sanctum. " and my bu.-y self, generally considered the most inqn?ilive being in. the lioui^e, very tenderly inquired " What is the trouble ?'" l?utmy good-natured friend was in a lowering passion for the Hrsl time in his ide 5 his replies us tart as goose- berries HI June, told plainly that " a change had come o'ei the spirit of iiis dream.'' Kinding that my kindness and symi)athy were not needed, 1 lelt him to *'chcw the cud of sweet and bitter fancy." I suppose you will think that my uncle Zeiihyrua was found llie ne.\t morning .'Suspended from a willow tree by a fcilken cord, or floating on the boEom of a ([uiet hike, Ophelia-like, with paiisics for " Ihoughls" and rosemary for ** remenibranco" strewn over him. Hut ^pare your lamentations. No .sue;) thing came to pass. Uncle said little, ate less and did nothing for. *-evcral weeks. It would be useless for me lo tell of his progressive relonnation from a sensitive, imiginative simpleton to a wiiole-heart- cd. rational man. Clooti grandfather Slicks s.iid a fi-w years before his death, that never was sueh an altered iiiaii as his son Ichabod. " I never had rnnch ojiinmn of frill ing in love," faid the old gentleman, '• I would as lief I dl into a well myself as to (all in love."' I guess the deir old man had forgollen the time when he used to lonl^ across the meeting hou.se at pretty INnhby Blakc, till the same Naliby would turn away to hide cheeks as red as the pulpit-cushirtns. "This lias done some good for once llmugh." £:iid he, '• and after all, there is nothing like a disajjpoinlment to lake the conceit out of a >f)uug mm." In fact, at this day the quondam uncle Zephyrus is- a steady, industrious piough-jogger as may be found among our granite hills. L'r.cle Simon, who by the by, though a fine specimen of oursturdy yeomanry is in many respects an original, says his brother has a few faults yet. Zcjihyr- us will spend the evenings in perusing lite contents ol lii.s well-stored library, and he will lake ''The i\ew-Kngland Farmer," and ''The l''armer's Monthly Visitor.'" What extravagance ! What absurdity I As though a farmer could improve in the ancient science of husbandry. Uncle .Simon is one of those individuals who thihk their own judgment and knowledge better than that of any oth- er person. He will use the same old plough which with divers patchings and repairs, has served the family, for aught i know, ever t^ince its companion was l;ft in Ihe lurrow by Israel Putnam, when he started to fight the British, lie is as firm in Itis own 0|iinion as the ever- lasting hill-:, and will not be persuaded that Ihere arc bet- ter tools in Ihe world than those his father left him. or better ways of performing the labor of a farm than those men knew fifty years ago. It wfuld do you good to go into Ins corn-field, and sec the piles of earth " hilled up" round the slalks, reminding one of the tumuli of llic (ire- cian heroes, a mode of work probably invented by the "Pilgrim Fathers." « ho doubtless found the outer mounds very convenient posts h r sentinels when Indians were lurking near. Uncle Zephyrus has a very neat corn-barn elevated on four stone posts, through the slats nf which the golden ears filling two cribs on the opposite sides, may be dis- tinctly seen. But uncle .Simon has a very good substitute lie thinks. Instead of the rack made oi spruce poles in a c(.riier of the orchard, which he used before moving into his new house, he anmially in the harvest season, spreads Ins hundred and fifty bushels on the garret floor, which is the gram! parade ground of an army of rals, that nightly muster abou* the " witching hour," and perform vjirious evoluti()iis, to the no small disturbance ui ihe inmates three stories below. Uncle Simon says c(trn-barns aie iiew-fa.>liioned buildings which only biing expense without convenience. i 111 his opinion it is very absurd for a man to try lo be a " book farmer ;'' above all, to take those "agricultural pa- pers ;" he will not believe that the valnahic communict- tions in their columns or even the articles of their tah^rit- ed editors can add one single jot tu his sleek of knuw- Icdge. Uncle Zephyrus is very obstinate in one particular with which I am not exactly pleased. He spent his early years in dreaminii of woman's love ; he is determined to ^^liow■ to the W(>rld a living exam|'de of man's constancy. So, in spite ol the glances whii;h have been turned on him for fifteen years by sundry spinsters and widows, who while gazing at his comely person, have doubtless thought of his well-filled purse and eighty acre lots, he is still an old bachelor. ,\nd what has become of Isabel Crey ? " VA'hen I would paint thee as ihou art, 'Dien all ihoii ircrt conies o'ur hiy heart ■' 'T18 a revengeful feeling, I know, but 1 sometimes fool a kind of malicious satisfaction when I see her vinegar visage and withered form, and know that ajter having tri- fled with twenty faithful hearts, she married at tfiirly-five a man old as her fathtr, to save herself IVom dying an old maid. When you come to Blandville. I will introduce lo you a tall, slender man whoso form at Ihe age of forty lelains Its youlhfnl elegance not even concealed bv a striped frock, and on whose forehead are seen traces of intellectual en- ergy, wliich has strenL-thened as his early follies have fad- ed away, 'i'his worthy gentleman, w hos(r mild blue eye just raised from a copy of Dr. Jackson's (Ic'dogica! Ke- port, whMe he clowly said " Mnvt I their ravel oiit My vvraved Tip fullies.'" assures me he will forgive his niece for having exposed faults \vhich may be for the benefit of ntliois, ifi univer- sally known among our townsmen as Mr. Ichabod Slicks. (JJAKI>K^ vs. FiiM.T) Heans.—Ii \u\^ hvon (oiind out of latp, tlirit fjurdcii Iieniis rcqiiii(! niurli li-ss pork to njve (miimiI Uni]y of flnvor to llit'tii llinii is n<;rc'ds;iry with tin: fu-id .Ii»'aii. Jl has hnn found on nnalysirt that tlir kitlin;y hctn ronitiins U'M jitT renr uf ii-iuinin, alluiiiicn, ^:c., uhilc tliH flc'ltl l>ean cotiiaiiis lujt 1 1.7 per cimu. Iiniay l)e added, that oil .?^-o»g- soifs the kiiiney htian ia ffpially wliulfdOMie, and nmcli more prolifa* than llif lield bean.— .^»i. .^i;-.* Salt for Fruit Trees. - A writer in iho OaiiU'iHjr'^ Ciironirlo pays: — '* I \n\\*i a hiviir hand.-onip Kij;arr(*aii cherry tree, wliirli l)l()s;*ot(j- ed and fruited, and llnin droo[ieiind it, six Ibel front iIk; tninU, half tilled it with salt, and pnt the Inrf on again. I liave had iiolile rrnps evt-r sinoe, (apven years,] liut it maki s liiih' nr no wood. ^ p.' COiNCOKIl, N. H . FKBRUARV 28. Ifrlo. From the Editor of the Visitor nbroad. Cincinunti. Ohw, Feb. 5, 1815. Willi 111! tlio iiiloniintioii (ilit.iiiicd (roiii rericliii;; and uitli ull llie iiiforiri.-itiiiii ilcriveil IVom tiavel- \ein aijil i<(j()iini(-is a.s liir ivest as ilji.s pdint, lliere i.s iniii'li that <'aii l)i' reali/.cd uiiiy l)y a pcr.soiial vi.-it tu tliis c-niiiitn ; and tveii then uiioii a sin- gle lii|i we see imly lliat part of llio I'rnad ex- panse fVoni norlli to soiilii coveiie tenable that was not nearly level. It was not ihen believeil thai steam en- gines could hi; conslrnvti'd of snllicienl power lo encounter sixty, sivenly-tive, and en en ninety feet rise to the mile, wiih an imiiieiiKe weight of cara and mercbandi?.!! allai'heil. 'J'he (litticiillies of creating a great thorough- fare towards the west from the ftloniinienlal city, the nearest seaport upon ihe Atlantic waters, were aggravated by the rival elfoit of other parts of Vi"giiiia and IMary land, and (specially of tho.-e interested to liiiild up Ihe three (rnjes at the seat of the Federal goveriimenl,lo iiiaUe ii canal along y-J? ■ '-'"^aw^Haj^^Ttf": V.\JL'#XW!BtS^^SSr'lS/t''S'^ B; UHjePMBJBB^W^lj/MB » 1MJ1JIII 1 — g'tao iB:i)c Jfanncr's iiIoutl)lij bisiitcr. 25 the Wiiters of liie IViloiiiac in lln: s;iiue ilircrlioii. ]r tiiillioiis wen: wasled (ipuii llii' riiilioad, iiioie iiiillidiis «cre llimwii awiiy ii lo thin time, lias heeii a "1 poll llii: canal, wliioli !>rcal (iiiliiro. Tl ..lidlf luilioii lias lit(;!i oliligeil to coiiiriliiile, liy n |)(ilicy ill llii.s !;ovi'riiiiii;iJt wliioli foiuo lnrliovH lo lie M.'ry liail, ii' not uiiljonl wr.rrniit in the coii- stilntion, lo this great wa.slo liy tin; inllnciico mainly \\ liicli is cxt-rciscd l>y tlio inlialiitants of till' Disiiicl ol' Culiiinliia, «lio nio wiilioiit any ininiodialo rc|ircscMtativc in that body. Nay, so fiieat Mas lliat influence as to |.rasses no idevalion th.-it would in New Kngland be called a iiiuuntnin ; yet from the nar- rowness and abruptness of the crooked valley down which the waters pour, a.^ well as from the bardiK'Ss of the stiibliorii rocks which ovi-rhang llii; rapid Maters, no track for a railroad within ni\ ob.-iervation hassion, be- cause he lias earned it by limiest industry. That person, as I loft the table, sabilid as having be- i'ore freqnrnlly seen me, and rcminiled me of him as the former host at the slage-inn at Man- -^rsWIft'tJuaUM gaaggagg 'ii" — mini ^l)C ifarmcr's iHmil!)Iri llifiitav. 27 clicslL'i-, Veiliioiit, who had there several times eiiliMtaiiietl me ill tlie same way: so that the (list ni^w ac(|iiainlai]re alter [las.sitig the moiiiuaiii was an ohier ac(]iiaiiiiaii<-f', hy liie name of IMorse, ol" more than a (Uizeii years ago, whom I hail not seen for the last ten yuiu:-. For the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. Old Times. Some of my neijihliors, e^:|)eeially of llie tee- total eoailiiiiatioii, took it into their lieads that 1 was no lietlor than 1 shonid he, heeaiisi', they said that llie manner in wliieh I informed yon "Ijow thin;:s used to he done" n|i here in Franeestown, rnciiura<;eleep ;uid he ijuiet l(>r ihe night, ' after a little .scr.-iiching and hitiiig' among iliem. Hesides, what ran he heller ihan rum and molasses for a had cold ? The Thompsoiiian pracliee of medicine goes lo snslain ihe fact ihal all diseases short of a hroken limh are owing to a deficiency of animal heat. Who can douht iherefore that nearly all the disorders, which luive so increased of lale, is owing lo ahslinence, and the w;mt of warmlh to the hlood.so tiifully taken in gooil old limes in (lip and toildy. This w.iier BR. g Wmd. CTuurf.-i. ^ £ 1. !S«. 5 K . Character of Ctoufls, etc. fc £ >: S . .^' Jan. s ^ ^ q ^ Q 1 VV. 1 98 29.40 50 — 0 — lO.suiiwins; lightly. 40 .99 67 — 0 — lOlcirro-strntus. T. 3 23 .57 50 X. W. 3 — 0 clear. 33 .ns 66 i\. W. 3 — (1 iliar. F. 3 3 .8t-. 31 — 0 — 0 ckar. 30 .8(1 .58 — 0 — 8]ha/.y. .S. 4 27 .37 51 — (1 — lolstmlus. Ifair and pk-asaiit. S. 5 24 !31 48 iV. W. 2 — Q clear. 4(1 .35 62 .\. W. 9 haz.v. JI. fi 24 .58 58 N. W. 1 N. VV. 5 stratus. lao .78 60 — 0 — 0 pleasant. T. -iaa .00 56 N. E. 3 — 10 snowing. las .31 i:o N. E. 1 — 10 ptratns and misty. W. 8 3-3 .49,60 — n N. W. 9 strains. 3-1 .51,i;5 N. \V. I N. VV. 2, stratus. T. 9i !l .65 37 — u — 8'slialTiy. i31 .61 60 — 0 — 10 snowing lightly. F. l;j M .40 43 — 0 — olclear. 3.? .52 63, — 0 — 10]slratus. S. 11 19 .45 37 — 0 — OTair aiirl pleasant. :i4 .44 .59 — 0 — olfair and pleasant. J5. 12 27 .311 ! 57 — 0 — 10 SOiltllS. 31 .27 III) — 0 — 0 h.-izy. M. 13 16 .40 .55 N. E. I — 10 strains. 22 ..30,56 N. E. I — 10 snowing lightly. T. 14 S .52; 48 — 0 — 0 clear. IS .7I;51 .\. W. 1 — 0 near. \\.\h 2 .90]30 — 0 — 10 hcginning to snow. ■a .84 55 — 0 — 10 eirro-slralns. T. 11. 30 .80 34 — 0 — 10 snnwinix lightly. 32 .86 57 — 0 — 10 rtrru-ylratils. F. J7 33 .80 39 N. E. t — lil misty. 2.1 .61, .58 — Ol — luimisiv. S. 18 93 .34 .5(1 N. W. 4IN.VV. lOiStratiia. \~ .53!4T .\'. \V. 3 N. VV. .'. stratus. S. 19 0 30.(19 3 1 N. W. 1 — 0 clear. is .10 .55 N. W. I — 0 clear. .M. an 10 29.86,39 — 1 — 10 stratus.- 28 .84.57 _ n — in stratus. •1-. 21 93 .63,39 N. E. 1' — 10 snowing lightly. 28 .45 .58 N. 3i — 111 drizzly. u'.aa 24 .39*36 N. W. 9 — 9 >trntns. 28 .65'56 K. VV. 4 N. VV. 4 strains. T. 23 17 30.00'4ni _ fl — 0 .le:Lr. 37 .15|6I — 0 — 0 clear and fine. F. 24 9 30.001.5(1 — 0 — 0 liazj'. 31 •:9.99 1^0 — 0 — 0 foirsy. .S. 2.i ■111 .18 60 — 0 — 10|r:irn:nR. 4'; .03 66 SI. E. ; — lOjraininp. S. 26 98 .93 41; — 0 _ 10 snowing lightly. :i2 .43 63 N. VV. 2 N. VV. 5 slrnlus. M.27 17 .70 41 — 0 — 0 clear. 40 .78 (;4 — 0 — OjClcar. T. 28 92 .76.|3| - 0 — 6, haze. l~\ .70 (-3 — • 0 — lO'strarus. W.29 32 .43!4R N. VV. 9 N.VV. 10 strains. 3li .46 61 .\. VV. 2 N. W. 7 strains. T. 30 99 .53 44 .\. W. 1 N. VV. 5 stratus. 21 ..55 63 N. W. 9 N. VV. 5 stratus. I^ 31 0 :53 ,30 ]N. W. 9 — n clear. 9 .54 siIn. W.3 — 0. clear. Model Farms. Mr. Colman notices some of these. lie has visited that at Glasnevin, near Uulilin, and (iir- nisiies some highly iiilere.siiug parlicul.irs in re- g.ird lo il. In conueclion with lliis eslahlishmeul I here is also an agricnilnr.il school, whore young men receive such .■m edncaiiou, iheor.lical and practical, as (Its them to [nusue the occnpaliou of (iirmins lo ihe best advantage. The young men work in the field ahoiit six hours a day. Mr. C. had the gratificalion of listening to an exam- ination of fourleen of these voniig men, hrougliL out of the field from their l.dior, and declares that " il was eminenlly successful, and in tlin lliglle^t degree credilahle hoih to master and pu- pil." The prodiicls of this model farm, as given liy the supt.'rintendenl and teacher, are quiu^ re- markahle. Seven huntlred and nvenly hnshels of ])olatoes pi'r a<'n!, art; given as an iiverago crop. The snperiuleudcnt slates that Ihe largest crop he ever ohlained, was in n field where the sets wen; three (eel apart each way. Medinni f-ized pot.uoes, planted whole, are preferred lo cut ones. I'he experiinenl h.id heen made, and tlu; (Idference hetwecn whole potatoes and cut- lings was marked, and obviously in (iivor of the fill iiier. The cattle 011 the larin are soiled. It.d- iaii rye grass is mentioned as one of the best ar- ticles for (eediiig. It is cut (bur limes in a sen- son, yielding at each enlling n good crop. Ln- cei ne is someiimes cut five limes. The Scotch potato oat, and the llopelown oat, are ihe v.ii ie- tics of this grain here raised. Thiy yield an av- erage of eighty bushels per .acre, and weigh al.out (briy-lour pounds per bushel. Great pains are taken in all cases lo save the manure. N.ilbing is wasted. The animal.-, are sUdl-(i,'d, and only turned into a yard a few bonra a day for exercise. lirick or stone tanks, well cemented, are sunk near the cow-slables and pig-sties, for the reception of all the lirpiid ma- nure. "The conlenls of these l.iuks, on becoiii- ing (nil, iu-e pumped into a small cart, wilh a spriiikling box attached to il, like that used for watering streets in cities, and distributed over the crofis, always wilh the greatest advantage, and wilh eirecl;- immedialely pciceplible," All uhich fllr. Colman saw, convinced him lli.it there is no necessity of impoverishing the soil, but that iiiider Ihe riglil manai'emenl, il will keep itself in condition, and be ever impnning. 'I'he .dlol- ment system, though so evidently beiiefieial to Ihe poorer clastcs, is slrougly opposed by the farmers in geuerak In relation to ihe causes of this opposition it is alleged that ihe farmers are not willing lo lessen the dependence of the la- borers on them for support — that the great crop.s obtained under such nice culiivatioii, eonlrasted with those of the farmer, lend to throw the latter into the shade, or by proving wliat the land is capable of producing, may induce the landlords to raioe Iheir rents. Besides, it is said Ihe farm- ers are nil willing to see the la bore is appear in the markets in 1 ompetilion wilh themselve.s. ([J^ It happened to he convenient for the Ed- itor of the Visitor, during a recent sojourn of a few days in the city of Washington, to he pres- ent at the delivery, by Hon. Levi Woodbury, of the Annual Address before the National lusti- tiite. The address was pronounced in the Hall of Ihe House of Represenlativcs, whose !ini[ile dimensions were crowded \\illi auditors, and it was marked by those ilisliuguishiug (('alnrcs which rciidir Mr. Woodbury's addresses always iuieresliug and inslruclive. Few men make a more skillul array of facts and piiueiples, in ad- dressing tin; pnlilie, wheiher in the field of sci- ence, or of politics, lb;in Mr. Woodbury: and Ibis conslitnies one ef the abiding charms of his slylc of oratory. The subject of his address wa.s, the Promotion of the I'liblie Inlercsls through the aids of Science ; it was a theme full of interest, and llir dislingnisbed orator dis- cussed il, in all ils hearings upon the civilization .■md progress, the vveahli, power, happiness .ind glory olihe peo[)le, in a manner highly gralily- iiig to bis hearers, parlicularly to ilie enlighten- ed body composing the National lustitule, of which Mr. Woodbury has been and is one of ils most «(fllcieiu and inflnenlial friend.-:. The Editor was also much gratified ill being preSent on ti subsequent occasion, at one of the Lectures given in Washington, (in- the purpose of aiding a new Baptist Society in that city in Ihe comphiion of a church edifice, when .•moih- er son of the Granite State— the Hon. Bj^njauiin R French — consented to recite a I'oeiii nrigin.il- Iv delivered by him betore a Literary Snciely in Washington. " His subject w-as " Ivirth's Changes, plivsic-d, moral, and inlelleelu.-il"— in which llie poet found a field leemiug wilh imgalheied fiuils, and opening lo his fine (aucy the mighty shad- ows of ihe past, ihe brilliant realities of the pres- ent, and glorious visions ol" the illimilidde liiliue._ Major French, as is known perhaps to most of our readers, has been for some yec.rs a Clerk in -^"^Wf^:*^ 9.iMUii^tuim'jmjwvrJni»m<4itamj.-U'auutm^9tJ!T. 28 i(lere lure awav to wroii" And winnan yielded to the serpent song. And man— the first, the noblest of our race Could he resist the lempter's dire emhraec ? His belter angel h iving cinalTed the brnvl Whose draught gave wisdom to the human soni, A double tempter led him on lo evjl, 'J'hc syren, woman, anil the si-rpenl, devil So our first sire his innocence resi'Mied, And clumgcU the destinies of all iiiriiikiiuH Then sin was born, and Peath received his power To reign Iriiimphant o'er each fleeting hour— 'I'hcn earth was peopled— o'er tu surface wide A seaof hufiian life and linmaii pride Soread far and v. si— and all Ivirlh's passions Ihen VV(^ given their dwidlings ia Ihc souls of men. Dark II nred— glowing Lave, and coward Ke.ir l!looi|..-.iained Revenue— meek Pity with her tear Black-hooded Sorrow — laughing, d'aneiiig Mirth ' Were bom to glad, or curse, llie teeming earlh. Time had speil onward— centuries had decayed Man once the foileil of his 8IUS hid paid. Broad o'er the eailh the out-spread llooiriiad whirled And U.jjlh had leapt th.> liarvi:>t of tlic world ! ' Again 'twas peopled— man was still ihe same, .\iid, na Ills generation:) onward e ime Knowledge increased — fair Science then was born, And her soil influence, like the star of morn, Glanced o'er the Nile — while Genius, like the ray Of the clear sun, amid the perfect day, Dirt'used its beaming glories all around. And Karth hailed EL'vpt as her classic ground. 'I'here Hermes dwelt— ihere first the lyre's sweet tone By him invented, to mankind was known; There great Sesoslris launched forth to the gale The earliest ship that ever bore a sail ; There first, to man llie wondrous arfwas given To trace the courses of the hosts of Heaven, To mark the (dauets' blaze with borrowed light. And those bright stars that gem Ihe brow of night ; Those beauteous groups thai so h iriiionious move. Like sister .\ngels, bound in f:ords of love. A thousanil .arts h. id birth in Kgyot's clime. Destined to live through all the lapse of Time. .She rose in splendor, and her noontide ravs I-'lashed o'er the world like some vast meteor's blaze; Her nooii soon passed — her glories sped away And darkness followed her refulgent day. The Ambracian gulf and Aetium's towering coast. Witnessed Rome's Eagles triumph o'er her host, Saw her voluptuous queen ignobly (ly .\way from death-i-by her own hand lo die. O'er Egypt's lame the clouds of midnight curled. And Rome's proud legions had subdued the world I E'en now, m inkind, astonished, view her plains, -Vnd dream what must have been, from what remains ! See her v.ist structures pointing to the sky — The tombs of kings, whose names shall never die. The Pharaohs, who, as long as Israel's host Remain recorded, never can be lo.t st.ir of science set in blood ! Thus Rome declined — ** her glories, one by one," She saw depart, until her litest sun Sunk 'iieath Ih' horizon. Then, like Ocean's foam, Darknjss swept over Literature and Rome! Another age commenced — Ihat age of gloom. In which no science did the World illume — Darkness o'erwhelmed the intellectu.d d ly, .\iid iL'norance assumed h^■^ iron sway. The liberal arts were buiished — lellers then Were driven, like lepers, liom the haunts of men, But in their flight they sou:;hi and found a home, A dwelling 'iiealh ihe M(ola^lely*s dome Else had they perished — else the holy fire Had been forever quencli'-d — ihe Poet's Ivre, 1'he .-Vrtist's pencil — the Historian's p-oi." Could ne'er have taught a tormer World, lo men, — Ao Spring of I.itio-.iture could e'er unbind That dark, Siberi.in winter of the iniiid ! But Learning lived — thanks to those monks of old, They sacred kept that more Ih in mine cd' gold. The mine of learning, pure and undefiled, \Vhilc iiiau grew savage, and the WorKl ran wild. Centuries passed on — still Darkness held, unfurled, His ebon banner, waving o'er the World — Men were divided — all the bonds were riven That erst to Power had strength and union given, As if some moral earthqu.ike's mighty birth H.jd shaken all Ihe iValions of the earlh I The rage and rapine, cruelly and wrong That lo that a^e of ignorance belong, .As they on History's liiilliful page appear, Claim from stern man the tribute of a tear, And leach a lesson, which our age shouhl mark — What iiiankind are when all the mind isilark. And, that, when l\atioiis are in Iragments torn, I'lic people soon in ignorance will mourn ! liut pass we onward o'er those d.iys id" gloom. When learning slumbered in her living toiob, When Vandal barbarism and Gothic power. Spread o'er the WorUl and ruled llie tllsuial hour. F'rom those beclouded yeais we turn away. To watch the-xi.iw lung of a brighter d.iy. What saw the World — from wdieiice came forth that gleam — That ihreail id' sunlight — like pome silvery dream To the worn heart, depressed with care and wo, 'f hat finds in dreams what day cannot bestow — Whence did it come ? From thalGrecji Isle it came — WJMIHJgg^HJJqn^^SBW^ ^\]C itumcr's iHont!)lij I'JiGttor. 29 That bri"lit meJalliou in its ocean frame, 'I'hat pn'eralri "I Ihe deep, where, s'noc lliat mom W.t, iearnins!, ch>queiice, hi.ve all been b»rn ; Ave— Irom tlial Islo came the first gleam ly in the Ilidy Land— When (,'hrislcndom Us hosts on hosts engaged, To win the tomb wherein Iho Christ wi ' • :s fiid. And now, even now. wbcn we turn back the page And read the glowing history of that age— Its warlike c(nirnge and fanatic zeal, Us stern devotion for the (,'liristian weal. To llie mind's eye a pieluia} of that lime, Gorgeous in gold— in energy sublime- Seems spread abroad.-we mark the troops advance— We see the charging steed, the crashing lance. The Rliltering shield, the cuirass gleaming bright, The gold-wrought banner flaming in the light. The picture wnlens— mighty hosts are seen, Kin''s, Knights and Barons, all in glittering sheen, Arele'ading' onward to the tented plain, Their tens of (liousands. who shall ne'er again See merry Iviglaild, Krance or fair r.orr..ine ! The rush of moving steeds— the claiig ot slee I— The sharp quick word, to march, to hall, to ui.eel, Seems to be heard, and, as llie troops pass by, Imaeinatioii swells their bailie cry — •• God wilU— God wills!"— but never, never more. Shall Ihaloreat host e'er tread their native shore . Swept from the earlh.'hy the fierce Moslem bands, 'Vheir bones shall whitiiii on those Eastern sands. The picture changes — armies vast, again, Are seen assembled on llie Paynim plain— There Hhilip, with the chivalry of Trance, Is seen as forth llie elillering lines advance, \n.l F.n-land-s myriads— "hat proud knightly form Leads on their banners to the bailie storm ? Richard, the Lion-hearted.— nobl^- name .Ne'er swelled the proud noles of the trump ol t.irne- ll even now, illumines with ils blaze. The sombre page that marks IhoBC gloomy days. The Islam bands and Christain troops advance. The Moslpm sabre meets the gleaming lance. The clang of ringing arms, the yell of rage Swell to the skies as the fierce hosts engage in the hot hatlle— derperaie is Ihe stnle— Not waged for Freedom, Liberty, or Life— But evenly thrust and every blow is given, To win a' Paynim, or a Christian Heaven ! Such was that linlv— or unholy strife — Years— years of blood, vast sacrifice of life Marked that sad age of glory and of gloom When bl'oit rage sent millions to the tomb! What were the laurels— what did viclory yield or ..ood— save clory— on that blood-staineil held .' js{„{i,jna!_aye,' nothing!— But a beacon flame On history's heishts, as ages onward came, Was left to warn them that fanatic zeal. ^ Though glory mark ils course, aids not a nation s weal. When some lone ship is on broad ocean tossed, By clouds encircled, and her reck'ning lost. Mo star bv night, no beaming sun by day ' To cheer'her f.irward on her walery way. When o'er her deck the briny current flows, .\mJ the worn sailor cannot know repose. What iov, what gladness lightens up his soul. When llie d.irk clnuds far in the distance roll, When the briudit sun poijrs down his cheering ray. And the wide' ocean glitters 'neatli the day ! So joyed the world— the sombre ages o'er — To see the lisht of Learning shine once mere. Kroin the dark monkish celland cloistered dome, Where, like a Vestal, she had found a home ; Korlh Science came, clothed in perenni.il blooin, Bursting Hie cerements of her living tomb. Then came the time, when art, with skill combined. Bestowed on letters what Heaven gave to mind, When Faust's bright name immortalized an age, And man, astonished, /carti/ his printed page, And vainly thought, so wild the lolly ran,' Some demon mind had leagued itself with man ! But a more liberal and enlighlencd hour Soon dawned, and (Jenins (,wned the mighty power- That Power— the People's friend— the Tyrant s dread-- Thal Power— which Science o'er the Earth has spread ; That Power— so clearly destined by its might To keep the flame of learning always bright— That mighty engine, whence the bolts arc hurled, That battler down the follies of the world. Shall live till Time destroys the scroll of Fame- Shall live— oh Fai'st— immortal as thy name! Years roll'd along, and all the Arts improved, Whole fleets and navies o'er the ocesn moved, Man fearless launched lorth on the mighty deep. Trusting a trembling wire his course to keep- Wondrous discovery — how must Giri s soul, When first his need'le pointed to the pole. And varied not— have burned— what visions bright, What glorious dicanis have visited his night! Even to this hour, man's philosophic mi"''. And deep research has wholly failed to hnd Why it is so— like the immortal fire That warms the soul, that never can expire, He knows it is — no further can he know-i- 'I'hus far he goes— no furilicr can he go ! As wc the magnet view, wc almost leel That an immortal soul endues the steel ; .\nd trusting, where all trust should ever be- lli the (Jreal God— the sailor roams the sea. And, while it points its course o'er ocean's blue, He asks no reason why the steel is true ! What change— what mighty change this simple wire Touched with some essence of ethereal lire, lias spread o'er earth- by it her larllic.st bound Has been explored— by ll a world was found— ■I'his broad, this spreading, glorious land.— our own But ffir this silent guide had ne'er been known Save to the savage. — He who balanced earlli. When, in his wisdom, first he gave it birth. Decreed the means, and formed a daring soul. Unknowing fear, and careless of control. And gave it vigor every ill to brave — 'J'o meet all danger on the boundless wave, And when his lofty purpose once was pfnined, ']'o seek, beyond the Weslerii main, a land. 'I'he power of men and elements combined. To tluvan are purchased, and he has thus re.uly lo his use that which has cost much time and toil. It will do he says for the youth in the gristle of man- hood to enter upon new unclaimed land, but the farmer who begins at fifty is a difierent sort of a man — and is he not right r thanks lo the truths found in the useftil books and v^ritings, some ol which are his own eftusions. The best of ploughs, and other implement- are selected, and in this last his new iici;;hborN are very friendly; they are so rejoiced that In- has couie amoni;' them that they are willing t'l part «ilh some cows and horses of superior tpial- ities and fimltless dispositions. "But wait, m\ friends,'" he says; " wait until my Durhams ar- rive, which I have ordeied froiii England. 1 mean to try for ihe premium at the next cattle show, and improve the breed of tlie country." — In this way we see, and how often have we not seen and read that our book fanner originates blessings on his age and generation, antl upon posterity. The man wilh means, believes that no cattle eipial the improveil breeds abroad, lie imports specimens our own acidiinated stock are brought into competition — a rivalry springs up — the book fiirmer, sure of out-doing our old fash- ioned yiHunanry, ih'lennined not lo be outdone ; and who bul must see that in the ellbrts made, anil altciilioii thus drawn, great .iiid pei'manent lienefits result. We learn truths I'rom rivals, as well as enemies. And alihough we may not deem it our interest to pay the prices for fiireign catlle, even if wc had the money to spare, yet we may in these catlle with greater facility learn to improve our own. Our book farmer is the man with plenty of money, he has plenly of manure; and this, with a well prepared soil, gives him a prenuum crop, and "that respeciable looking man, with the young wife, look the last premium for iho best cow," is ihe height of his ambition. And yo who travel over ihe alHietions of your race for glory, how are you not surpassed by this book fiirmer, whose career is strewed with blessings and beii- elit--,breathiiig peace and happiness to all around ; Your book firmer is the best of heroes, but lest we should lose ourselves in his praises, let us see how prizes are lo be won. An imporled cow, then, should have an imjiorted tlairy maid, be- cause they are already used to one another. If we would win a premium, or accomplish any other object, we must appropriate means; and I would, thcreliue, recommend a lair daughter of the " Emerald Isle," as a dairy niaiil for premium bulter, the prettier the better, because her good ajipearance must have its ellects upon the judges, if they should not be too old ; and because, in a nicely balanced scale of compclilioii, the hand- somest woman, if present, will even be fiiuiid to make the best flavored butter. Another thing must be considei'cd, and that is, to have your Durham well milked ; if a silver oiip is to be the premium, worth thirty dollars, orti.'r fifteen lo the dairy maid, in case you shall gel it; the hope of reward is said to sweeten toil, and we venture to say that ii will increase the quality of inilk, to a surprising degree, considering liow liltle the rest of your native cows will give at the sa.me time. Irish butter is noted for its excellence. Of course, a bulter maker from that country, will have a similar advantage as may be found in the cow. If the maiden has touched her pretty warbling tongue to Ihe blarney stone of thai charming Island, so iriiich the better, for blarney butter is known lo lake the most salt, and will outweigh any other. A point further may be at- tained, by leiting the wifij hint to the butter man- ufacturer that her success may have its influence upon some ol' the young farmers present who have not yet married. This is apt to do more than any olher rewards, and there c.iii 1 trust be no doubt of the solidity of such a choice, fiirasa race, can ihe Irish be surpassed u|inn the broad face of the earth, and who heller than they can cither till the soil or defend.' The youth, there- fore, who finds a fine girl of that nation, skilled ill the art of making butler, and baking ban- nocks, may consider himself as a fortunate man, besides hearing how smoolli and agreeable the rough English language may lie made, by a twist of the tongue. Our book farmer by this time, has attained three or four objects, each of them desirable. In the first place, reduced the anxie- ty and care alwavs allendant upon too full a pursi;; next, renovated his lieallh by the more salubrious residence in the country ; then im- proved the art of agriculture by exp-eriments ; further added lo the permanent weallh of his country, by impoiliiig a siqierior bull and cow, that won the premiums lliat adorn his sideboard, and lastly d.-mccd at ihe wedding of the prelty maiden "all forlorn that milkeil his cow with the eriimpeled horn." Life has been compared to a lottery, anil may we not put down the experimenter u|.uii book farming as him who draws one of the liighesl [irizes. The man who is a farmer — praclically such liom his youth — why, he knows preiiy well what to expect — no pleasing images float liefore him to joy him onward; he plods on with a sort of rational composure, and chews llie cud of life as sedately as the ox of the stall, but your book fiirmer is an animal of another breed ; he lives on hopes — reads and enjoys — patronize^ some dozen editors of works upon the an, and enjoys in their perusal Ihe richest of harvests. — Wli.-it so n.-uural and just as that ihe wealth ac- quired in cities and towns by trade in llie pro- ducts of the soil, should be liirned back again lo bless and fructify the source from whence it came ? Let us no longer llien indulge i ii har- casms u|ion book farming, since ii has ils advan- tages, and aiiiong ihem is linind— small to be sure in amount — ihe speculations of a /•'c6.5, 1845. BOOK FARMER. To a Hen. " Hail to tlicc ! blithe spirit ! Bird itioil never well '." Slirllcy to a Slijjlark. Tliou \KT .1 '' biril," ;i pretty liiril, thou ainiable lion, Ami a "s[jirit" Iimi. iIhju Iinverosl about the bariis of men ; .\ meek and quiet sjiiril, thim art rather seen lln-ii jienrd ; .\nd I love Ihoe lur thv gentleness, lliou sweet domestic bird. A child of industry and pence, thou dost appear to he, And scratching round the world lor loud, is world enough tor thee : There's judgment in thy countenance — there's shrewd- ness in thine nir, \r.d the innocence ol'cliickenliood is ever dwelling there. Thy voice is somewhat cininorous : but while most oilier birds I'ipe out their soft and love -I ike notes to sentimental words, Thy ciieliliiig noli!, si itislic.il, in business style is made. To proclamale to all around when thou an egg linst laid. 1 grant it lacks in sentiment, and possibly mii;ht seem A little ostentatious too 3 but, in this age of sleam, When self-display is "all the go," and "statistics" are " the rafre," ft surely is in keeping wilh " the spirit of the age I *' And ihy gentle voice too oft is heard, entreating from the mud, For thy cliickcns some of them lo come and light upon a bug. And at eve thy priv.ate " curlew bell"' — thy clucking tongue is loosed. To bid the chicks forsake ihe world, and come wilh thee to roost. Thus calmly thou dost pass thy days, thou amiable hen, Renouncing woods and pocty, for the bustling haunts of men : The lark may sing, the eaalo soar, tlie vulture joy in strife, 'Tis" glory enough'' for thee to be " domestic" in thy life. And now, farewell I — be thou with joy and corn abundant blest, And be thy last declining days, thy brightest and thy best ! Wilh this I cease, and my harp I hang, like Jews by Ba- bel's streams, No more thy praise to warble forlh, bird of my sweetest dreams. Adva.ntage of kkeping Maxure covered. — An experiment, conducted by the president of an agricultural society in England, shows that manure which was kept covered by nine inches in depth with earth, .so that no evaporation escaped, produced four bii;,hels more of grain per acre, thiui the Siiiiie ipiantity and kind of manure applied lo the same extent and qiianlily of laud, bul whiidi had lain from Ihe l:!lh of January to the 4lh of April exposed to the weath- er.—./J/ian^ C'uUh'aloi: Proi)er Depth of Seed. Various experiments have been tried lo deter- mine the jiruper de|>tii at which llie seed should be put. 'I'he following is ihe result of an exper- iment wilh Maize, or ludi.in corn. That which was planted at the depth of — No. 1. 1 inch, came up in Sh days. yl " 10 » Wi " " Vi " 13 " rsh " 17i The Nos. 8, 0, and 1 1, were dug up after tw en- ty-two days, and it was i'oimd that No. 8, had an inch more lo grow to reach the surfiice of the earih. Nos. 0, and II had jiisl sprouied, and were sliori, and three inches below the sur/iicc. No. 10, came up in seventeen days, but the len- der leaf remained only six days green, and then withered. There is no experiment uhieh shows more clearly the advantage of a shallow plan- 2. 14 3. 0 4. 2i 5. •■i U. 3.5 7. 4 8. 4.i 9. 5 10. 54 11. (i 32 ling ii)a soil not loo loose iind tioddeii down than this. TIk; more .slitdlovv llie svi-d was ('uvered with e.iilh, the more ia|iidly the spi-oiil made its n|>|)Oaiaii(:e, and the slronoer alierwards tlie stali<. Tlio deeper the see(J lay, the lonj;er it renjaincd heCore it came to the sinface. Four inches was too deep for tlpe maize, and njust therctiire, he for yet smaller f;rain kernels Petri ftives an c.vperiment liiade on rye, with t!je lollimiiin; results. Tlie fijst cohmjn shows the depth at which the seed was put; the second ihenimdierol' days that elas|ied liefoj-eit appear- ed ahove ground ; the thij-d, ihe nnmher of plants tliat came up. .Aptiiiircil. N,,. „f Plants. 11 days, 5 J a ^l)C iTavincr's i!lont!]li) biriiioi inch. Ucplh. i 1 2 " 18 3 " 20 4 " 91 " I 5 " 22 " I e " 23 " 1 The root sloeU forms itself ue.\t helow thesm- face of the f;rouiid, and if we place the irrain deep, it must first put its sprouts to the suriiice, and (oriu its side hra^nches in a nearet- connex- ion with the air. We never find that the sucker I'ools are ranged from hciuw to ahove, hut the contrary. From the experiments of U:;azy, who tried seventy-six, with different irrains, it is (dear that shallow souiui.', if the seed is only so covered as to sprout, and the yerm is protected from imme- diate contact will) the air, is preferahle to laying' the seed deep, hecause it spi-ing-s up t|uicker,'and acipures a slronf^er firowth, and has hardier ii\n\ns.— Burger's Economy of Farming. Agricultur.\l Exports.— It will he seen from l!ie following tahle of imports of American heef, liorl-, lard, and cheese, into Livei-pool, the year endiun August :JI, that our exports of tliesii ar- ticles from ainiost nothin;.' three years ago, have hoconte rjuite important; i-wl what is more to the pm-pi>sn,_we think that they are very likely to increase in nearly an eijual ratio for three years to cotne: BEEF. Ics. of I heir rpprcseiilaiives, iind that wc shall soon see soma action on the snhject, and not merely idle talk. Il' agricuhujal knowledge can he im- pelled forward to a much greater e.\tent than it is at present liy legislative aid, tliat is sulficient reason why it shoidd he injmediale!) given. This interest covers mor?! ground than' any oiher in this cinmlry. — IFestern Farmer. a half I onnds in four days. A young tmkey w ill lay on three poiinils a week, uuder the same treat- ment.— Johruiion. Tickled Eggs. — Among the numerous pickles in couunon use, it veiy rarely occin-s thai pickled eggs are to lie witnessed, either in oil-sho|)s or upon the tahle. Nevertheless, in the counties of Ilanis and Dorset, pickled eggs cor)stitnle a very promiui-i;l feature in the liirm-house slore- rooujs, insomuch that the laller would he consid- ered, hy the industrious house-wife, md'urnislied without ihem. The mode in which the gooil dames [licklethe eggs is simply thus: At the' sea- son of the year when their slock of eggs is plen- tifid, they cause some four or si.\ dozen to he hoiled in a capacious saucepan until they hecome quite hard. They then, after removing the shells, lay them carefully in large mouthed jans, and pour over them scalding vinegar, well seasoned with whole pepiier, allspice, a few races of gin- ger, and a few cloves or garlic. They then, when cold, Ixuig theui down close. In aiuonlh ihey will he fit for use. Where eggs are |.!euii(id the ahove jiickle is hy no means expensive, and, as an acetic nccompaidment to cold meat, it caimot he ontrivalled for piipiancy and goul l>y the i;en- erality of pickles n.ade in this country.— .Sycc/ci/. NoVEi, w.\y OF Chuhiiikg.— Wc cut llie rdllnHin-r liom an esc'i.-uige ft.iper: ^ '■ .S:irah, ilear.' said a waggi.sh IiusImmI to liia wiiV. '• if I were uiynur place, I wi.uUn't keep that babe so lu!l ..(• butter .IS yuu do." •' Butter, n\y iloar! I never give it any butter.'' " l\o, but yoa poiirejl about a quart i.i'milk down it this nller:u.un, ,iml then tn.tted 11 on Uie knee lur iiculy l«o hours, ir it doesn't contnm a quantity ol butter by lliix lane, it isn't lor want ol' churning;." BllKJHTON M.^RKET,— .Mo.vu.,,-, FcbT 2l7^13. " [Hi-ported fot tlie Daily Ailvertiser t Patriot.] M Market 525 Beef Cattle, and 330 Sheep. 3.j Beef Oallle unsold. Paiers— Bre/ CaHie— We quote to correspond wilb la.stwoek, VIZ : extra 85,23 (a) bfi:) ; Fir.«t quality $5 ffl .-),S5 : second quality $4,.50 (S 4,73 ; third quality §4 f® -1,50. Skcep — All at market were VVealhsrs. Sale.s Irom 52 to 4 75. S}rinc — .N'one at market. ' We noliceil a heaiiliful yoke of Tivin Steer,;, raised and (eri hy Z. Perry, E.^q. of Gre.Mli.ld, .N. 11., —tallow -2.11 : whole wel^llt 2415— ."old for S3,.50. CASH FR1CE.S CURRENT, For West Ixor* Goods & Groceries, Ftoen, Grain, Pro. DCCE, Iron &, Steel, Plaster, Salt, Lime, &.c. ice. Corrected weekly for Hill's X. 11. Patriot hv Glr.MOP.K jt UliAPi', at the Depot .-'tore, i;ontord, .N. H. iSTarch a, 1843. ]842,... 1843,... 1S!4,... 1842,.... hbls. . . .:3,3(i7 ....5,1. '-,7 . ..y,812 hbls. .2.r« 1843, I9..'52« 1844, 95,r,85 2,083 I0,78i) LARD. ftgs. 3;»,184 82.8.57 30,42,5 PORK. f'hls. Ics. 0,113 (iO 8,001 33 15,<)33 33 CHEESE. ca.':ks. boxes. 1,841 4,732 2,105 3,tJ19 <;,504 22,395 The Smituso.nian l!i:(2tir:sT. — At this time, the interest due to the Siiiillisouian I'Sequest Fund, hy Ihe Treasury of the ttuited Slaies, amounis lo .^KiO.OOO, ;md the whole fund lo 5000,000. It will he a mailer for earnest discussion diiriu" the present session --. If more lime he added, Ihe the process is fpiickened, while if it he not used at till, the process is retanlod and the leaves tip- pi-.-ir before the lilossom.— /•an>icra' Gazelle. To Ro.iST Potatoes.— I -aw a mode td" roast- ing potatoes, a few days since that was new lo me. I do not know but it is pracliceil by every lady wlii-n I am not present lo see it. Take an old cracked irim kelih;, hang it over the i'lre. pot in coaks, llien the poialoes, and then more ash- es and coals, anil you will soon have them well roasted by ihe heal above ami below. Any body could do it, if they only could think of it.— .)/,jui"c Farmer. . ■ , , A.SllE.S, Pots, Pearls ALU.vr, dria;.--to.ve, itoii,... .Sulphur i:;AMPI10k. Itetinsd,., CANIILES, Mould,... tfpertu, COFFEE, St. Domingo Porto Rico, 81 Porto Cah-jllo, 8i out Government Java,.. . 1 1 nOiipERAS, 2 FI.SI1, liank, [p-quintiil,. .2,75 Pollock, 2,50 Bav 275 Old Dun, 4,59 No. 1 Salmon, ip-bM, 14,0.1 No. 1 Shad, lt>bhl, 12,03 Ton's Sl. Sounds, ^bhl, G,03 H.li.Fins,|>hbl, 9,00 FI.OUIl, Genesee, 5,50 Fancy brand, 5,75 Ohio, Akron,..- (i,25 Spanldins, e.Ura, (i,25 FRUIT. Fills 14 Raisins, blue murk 10,00 Bl'.ck mark, 9,51 Bo.v, hu neb 2,75 FUSTtCK, Cuba, lf»- ton, ao,ln) Tain pico, 92,00 Ground, ]|> huiul 1,73 GLUE, Russian hest 17 Ain.-rican 11 GRAIN. Oats, 37J cent I,* bu C'lrii, U7'dodo hu Rye, fi7dodobu Beans, 75 'rtJ 1,50 Peas, 5il/ci) 75 GRINDSTONES, l.st qual- itv, t5ni.sb«l,V> bund. 2,93 Do. do. unfinished \,M IIERRI\G,[t^ ho.v, .N'o. I,. .50 Sealeil, 75 INDIGO, UeUL'al,. 1,10® 1,75 .'^pan isb float, ... 1 ,00 (fi) 1 ,50 Jlanilla, 73Ca)l,25 IRO.V, Old Sable, 4.i Eualish, 3.r Banks, redned, 4" F.Ufllish, sheer t> Russia, do IJiS) 13 OhI Sable nail rods, 5.j Norwegian do ..41 ..5" ..I ..4.i .41 Il is astonishing with wliat rapidity fowl.s in- crea.se when widl fed, kept in confiuell cribs, and in a darkened room. Fed on a mi.xiiin! of f»ur pounds of oatmeal, one pound of suet, anil hiilf a pound of sugar, wiih milk liir diiuk, live or six limes a day, in summer, a dorking « ill jidd to iis weight two pounds in a week, sonieiimes one and Coniinon do English h, .\uu rii ail ISlioe Shapes, .Vni Swed.'\s, shoe shapes,... LE.'VTflER. New York Sole I.ealher, Light, Mrfijlfi D.i. Ileavy,...-.....l2jiai5 Id Ml'., Thoin.aslon, first quality, I,a5 Cauiden, do 1,12.! LOfiW'OOD, St. Doinin- ' Bo,tl>toli 22,00 Campeachy 97,00 Ground, \f^ bund 1,75 MACKEREL, No. 1, 1)> bhi la,.^ No. 9, io,r.) No. 3, 8,50 MOLASSES, llnvana, 2li Surinam, 90 Trinidad 58 Porto Rieo, .'H Siiirar House 50 N.ML.S. Boston Iron Co's liraiiil, 41 Old Colony do i; Weyinouth Iron Co 4t Malilen, 4! PL.VSTF.R, livton R,M Do. L'rounil, 8,50 PROVISUI.NS. Pork K.v- tra clear |j> hhl, 14,00 Common do 12,00 l'.\tra Mess !l,00 Common do jo 00 Butter, p- II 8(5)14 (.'heesi', new milch,.. .Oift)? Four nieul, 4 rd 5 Dried apple, best, 2.'.* 3 Lard, northern, '. ..7i Do. souilicni, 6.5 Turkeys & Chickens, best,7 Goslins, btsi, 41 Round Ho?3.... 4l(&3.( REDIVOOD; ground, ^ ' bund 2,75 .Nicaragua, f>ton, 35,00 EICE, r bund, best 3,.5J ROSLX, l,*hhl v,50 SAL.ER ATUS, firstqu.ilitv,4 S A LT, St. Ubes, ^ hhd. :),•_!■) Cadiz, 3,0a Bonaires, y^ai) 'I'urks Island, 3^90 Liverpool, 3,90 Do. fine, Worlbingstoii brand, (i> bag, 2 00 Do. other brands, 1*75 SA LTPETRE, crude, 8 Do. refined, jj SEED. Clover, northern, ..9 Do. sonthein, 71 H-rds grass, J> |,u 1,75 .SHKKTLVGS prion, »yd ..fiv SHI.^JGLES. lirn qnalilv, ' No. I, pine, Iff- M .■2,7s do. do. lio. spruce, I.75 SIIIRTING.'!,}?^ yard.. ...'..; StiO'J', assorljil "SI SHOVELS, east steel, i?-' „•''"■■ 10,00 Steel pointed do i),00 Iron do. best, ..8,00 Do. conilnun, B.5I1 SOAP, Castile, .1) WiiilcSoap, best,..:". ^ Brown, No. 1 4 Family, 5 Extra '..'..G SPICES, ty'assia, in nials, 9a ...20 ...30 .^1,1)0 ..1,25 ....12 14 .11 .19 ..74 .18 .17 .18.4 .10 ..fl* .84 Do. ground, Clove.s, Ginger, pure, .. . Mace, r'- lb, Niitiregs, h-sl,.. Piin -nro, wiiole. Do. ground, Pepper, whole, Do. ground, STEEL, Sweiles, best... Sanderson, Rroihers & Co. cast steel, .lessopii; Son, do GeroL^n, best Do. common, . . , Coach spring, hest, SUGARS. Drown Huvn na. Very host, Do. ilo. prime, 8 Dti. do. fair, 7 Double refined East Uos- ion kiaf, ,»...^..lli Do. do. crashed Ilj Do. do. powdered 19 Common loaf, loi Porto Rico, best S" Purified .'(luscovado do . . .71 TAR,),* lihl 3,.'>0 TEAS, Gunpowder, best qnalily, V* ft,, 75 Imperinl, do 80 Iljson, do CO llysun Skin, do 30 Voiing Hyson, common,. 35 Do. do. t'air 40 Do, do. good, 40 Do. do, b,/sl, 35 TOBACCO, roinmon keg,..R Gooil do 10 (^nninon bo.x, 8 Goo.l.lo I2J Honey Dew, do. beat, . ..IH Cavt-ndisI 9.", Jarm^rs Jll^titljlg wisit^r, CONDUCTED BY ISAAC HILL* ~ ~ "ThOSK who labor tS THE EARTH ARE THE CHOSEN l-KOl'LU OF GoD, WHUSE BREASTS HR HAS MADE H19 PECULIAR DEP09ITE FOR SUBSTANTIAL AND GENUINE VI RVUC."— Jeffcr^OH, VOLUME Vil. CONCORD, N. H., MARCH 31, 1845. NUMBER 3. TIIE FARMER'S MOXTHLY VISITOR, I'UBLISHtl) BV ISAAC HILL, & SONS, ISSUKD O.N TIIE LAST PAV OF EVERV MONTH, At Athenian liuildiu?. J)£,-Geni:i!m, A.tentj.— n. Took, KiiMie, N H. ; Thomas It. IlAMrrov, Washingtun ("ily, U. C. ; John Man5H, VVash- inptoii St. IJoNUin, &liis:j. ; Charles Wabren, BrinU-y Kuu', Worcester, Mass. TERMS To sinslc subscribers, Fifty CniU. Ten per cunt, will be allowed to the person who shall send more than one subscriber. Twelve copies will be sent for the aiivaiict; payment of /■'/rr D«//flrA-; twenty-five copies for Ten Volturs ; sixty copies for Twenty Dollars. The payment in every case to be made iu advance. ^f^jMiincy and suli^criplions^ by a rrtrnlatttin of the Pttst Muster Ocneral, may in all caj^es be remitted by the Post Master, free oj postU'/e. 35°A1I gentlemen who have heretofore acted as Agents are requested to contirme their Agency. Old subscribers who come under tlie new terms, will please notify us of the names already on our books. CONCORD, N. H., MARCH 31. 1845. For the Far[ner's Monthly Visitor. It is cheaper to bay thau to borroAV> Tliis olil iii;i.\iiii, iiiiil geiieiul trulli ctm never be xvitlioiit iiiflinjiice upon the farmer. Tlie iiiaii wlio is on a liorrowiiijj en-and li).ses for tlie time ji poilion of his iii(le|iendence — lie feels that he is about lo ask a favoi- that ma}' lie refused, and his niHiily spii'it is humbled — ■histirni and manly voice is softened down into plaintive and siilfo- catiiiff tones, and his step even is timid and ob- sequious. This is what a farmer, nietliinks, sliould endeavor tn avoid, .tnd its infliieiice is not limited to himsielf, hut his quick-sighted childien perceive and feel it also; and not nnfreqiiently the seeds of envy ami bad neighborhood are BOW n in this practice of borrowing. The travel- ler awtiy from bis home, who meels with an ac- cident is sometimes under a sort of nece-sity of asUiHif tor assistance, and to borrow that which shall enable him lo pursue his journey. He does this with a bold and manly fiont, founded upon the feeling whicli under like circumstances would induce liini to extend a helping- hand and lend to a stranger in ilistress; but such cages are ex- ceplioTiS to the general rule, and not to be con- sidered but as slri'iigthening the general rule. " He that goes a borrowing, goes a sorrowing," says Franklin, and more than that we believe we may say. Borrowing is an expensive business too. The time spent in going for the article, and in returning it after being used, is frequently of more value than the purchase would have been; Hud when Kuiliiplied by repetition, always is. Is it an axe we want, and what a cut do we not often get from the lender, when he tells us as be feels the edge, on putting it into our bands, not to dull it. Is it a chaise, how do we not feel as the owner, when it is returned, eyes it all round with a scrntiniziug eye, and if nothing is broken, re- marks— "you have fiiiind some mnd in your riile." A horse, aye — is it a horse we want," the owner remarks that he is unsafe for strangers, or if he be such a man as he ousht to be, isiildly re- fuses to lend his horse to any body. It is true, that none of us can be perfectly independent in every thing and at all times, when such eases arise as impose upon the most provident the ne- cessity of liorrowing, then it is that the bonds of good neighborhood are strengthened, and as so- cial beings we " do unto others as we would be done nnto"; and this although borrowing is not llie kind we object to. li; iherelbie, we would prac- tice economy— keep on good term.s with our neighbors — save our own fetdings, and stand up- on our own footing upright, should we not have all the tools and niensils, carriages and beasts of our own ; and can it be too often ivcf its counnuance, the sheep were without lood. The shepherds h,ad the pain of seeing their poor helpless flocks die off without having the power to shield them either from cold ..r from hunger. About the tilth day ol the storm, the younger sheep, became sleepy and torpid, which was .-eiierally followed by death m the course ol a lew hours ; <.r if exposed to the cnlling vv,,,d they were Bomeumes deprived of life almost immediately alter the torpor commenced. But the tenth day of the stor.n, so many sheep had died, that the slie,. herds began to build up large semi-circular walls of the Irozei; dead bodies ill order to aflord some sort rtfshclirrf.r the sheep which still remained alive. But these began by this tune to suffer so much from want of lood, that they tore one an- other's wool with their teeth. , .,-, ,1 , At the termination of the storm, on the thirteenth day, there were many larms on wliicli not a single sheep was le't alive Misshapen walls of dead bodies, surrounding a'contrarUnot of other sheep, also dead, was the sight which m too many instances met the eye ol the ruined Bhenhcrd or farmer. On those fa.ms which were situated in ihc glens between mounlains, many ol the sheep sur- vived the storm, but their conBtilulions suffered so se- Vftielv that lew ultimately recovered. Mine-tenths ol the eheep in the south of Scotland arc supposed to have per- ished by tins snow storm. In the pastoral district ol l-.sk- dale-Mnir, out of twenty thousand sheep, only lorty vounii wethers and live old ewca were preserved. Many of the farms were so utterly ruined, as to become tenant- leas and valueless for several years. . About si.Uv or seventy years alter this event, one single day of snow was so extraordinarily severe that upwards ol twenty thousand sheep, as well as some ol the shepheids, were destroyed. An anecd..le has been related in con- nection with this storm which shows the degree ol atten- tion with which the Scottish shepherds nonce the appear- ""'"iMie'dav '''/question was the 27tli of March; it was Monday and on the previous day the weather was re- marked t" be unusually warm, A party ol peasanls, g..- ■ 1 Time from Yarrow church on Sunday evening, saw a shepherd who had collected all his sheep by the side ol n ivood. Knowing that he was a Teli{.M0Us man, and unac- customed to collect Ins sheep in that manner on the Sab- liath they asked him his motive, to w hich he replied, ihai he had noticed cetiain appearances in the sky which led him to conclude that a snow storm was approaching. All the villagers laughed at him ; hnt he bore their jokes .'ood-huinoredly, and provided l..r the salely of his sheep. The latal storm occurred the following day, and ttis -hepherd was the only one who saved the wlir le of his -heep. VVe may remark, in releronce to weather obser- vations such as these, that provided they be kept within reasonable limils. thev are exceedingly valuable. Persons who put undivided laiih in " wealher almanacks," and in the popular omens and prognostics which aic so abund- ant, are liable to be duped and led into repealed errors ; but' those who pretend to despise the experience ol bumble observers, and to lay down doctrines relating to the weath- er, Iroin theory only, err almost as much on the other side. . , K- n Perhaps the most extraordinary snow storm with whicn Scotland was ever visited, was that which occurred on the 2ttli of January. 1794 ; extraordinary both in relation to the enormous depth to which the snow accumulated in a lew hours, and to the devastation which it oc- casioned. . , ,.i u J " Mr. Hnrrg, so well known as the " Ettrick Shepherd, was then^a young man, and was involved in the conse- quences of this' storm. In the evening ol his lile he wrote a graphic account of the occurrence, Irom which we shalfborrow so much as will suffice to convey an idea of this remarkable storm. Mr Hogg and a few young friends had formed them- selves into a sort of literary society for the reading and criticism of essays and papers. They were all shepherds, and were accustomed to meet at each others houses, where they frequently remained together all night. Un the evenin" in question a meeting was to beheld at t,ler- trony a place distant twenty miles from Hogg's residence, over a wild and rugged country. He had written what he terms"aHamingbombastical essav," and set olt with ll in his pocket, to allenil a meeting ol his compeers. As he was trudging along on foot, he thought he perceived symptoms of an approaching storm, and that ol no ordin- ary nature. There was a dead calm, accompanied by a sli'^ht fall of snow, and a very unusual appearance was presented bv the distant hills. He thought ol the fiock of sheep that was usually under his care, but which was now consigned to the charue of another, and he began to think it would be prudent to retrace his steps. Altera long contest between his inclination and his duty, he turned back with a heavy heart, and wended homewards. On his road he called at the house of an elder relative, who told him that the symptoms foreboded a snow during the night and advised him to hasten homeward wi h all speed. 'I'he old man further stated as to guide Hogg, in conducting the sheep to a quarter where they would be bcstshcltered.thatif, during his journey, he should see any opening in the rim, or host-log, he might conclude that the storm would spring up from ihatquarter. Hogg, however, observed no such opening in the log, and fanally reached home, when he went to bed, inlendmg to rise at an early hour, and go out to find shelter lor his sheep. Just before he retired to rest, he observed a brightness in the north, and remembered his friend s advice ; but thought he might postpone acting thereon. About two o'cio" k in the roer lor the safelyofall.and the male inmates starlcd on a peril- ous venture, having previously filled their pockets with bread and cheese, sewed their planlsalound their bodies, tied on their hats, mid provided themselves each with a ^' As soon a,s they got oul into the open air (two hm.rs before daylight) the darkness was so great that to grope their way was the only method of proceeding. Some- limes they had to wade through masses ol snow, at oth- ers to roll or clamber over them ; while the wind and drift were so violent, that the travellers were lorccd, eve- ry three or four minutes, to hold down their heads to re- cover breath. So perplexing were the difficulties which they had to encounter in the utter darkness, that thev were two hours leaching a distance of three hundred yards from the house. As day dawned, ihey were able to advance a.Jittle taste-, one ta,king the lead and the others following close in the rear. This leadership could only be maintained three or four minutes at a time, on account of the piercing wind which blew uniuterruptcdiy in tiicir faces. In a siiort time one of the party, who, as leader, had been unconsciously leading them out ol the w^iy, was found nearly insensible; shortly allerwards Mr. Ho^g fell down a precipice, and was nearly buried in the proceeded onward to a spot where another flock had been Uft He was able to extricate about half y these streanrs. At this spot when the flood after the storm had subsided, were lound the dead bodies ol two men. one woman, forty-hve dogs, three horses, nine black cattle, one hundred and eighty hares, and eighteen hundred and forty sheep. Scofland is frequently visited by snow storms of con- siderable severity, though not compar.ible to '''"i^'-.J"^] described ; and Mr. Hogg gives a pleasing account ol the manner in which these visitations are borne by the inhaD- ilants "Thed.aily (eeling naturally impressed on Ihe shepherd's mind," says he, •■ that all his comlorls arc so entirely in the hand of Him that rules elments, contri- hules not a litllo to that firm spirit of devotion lor which the Scottish shepherd is so much distinguished. 1 know of no scene so impressive as that of a fimily sequestered in a lone glen during the time of a winter storm ; and where is Ihe glen in the kingdom that wants such a habi- taloMi ^ There they are lelt to the protection ol Heaven, and they know and feel it. Throughout all the wild vi- cissitudes of nature, they have no hope of assistance Irom man but expect to receive it from the Almighty alone.— Before retiring to rest, the shepherd unil'..rmly goes out to examine the state of the weather, and make "^ jeport to the little dependent group within ; nothing is to be^seen hnt the conflict of the elements, nor hearr^ but the raving of the storm. Then they all kneel around him. while he recommends them to Ihe protection ol Heaven ; and thoagh their little hymn of praise can scarcely I"; he-"-d even by themselves, as it mixes with the roar ol the tem- pest, thev never fail to rise from their devotions vvith their spints cheered, and their confidence restored, and g., to sleep with an exaltation of mind, of which kings and conquerors have no share." Alter innumerable disasters, they at length reached one of the flocks of sheep. The sheep were standing in a close body, one half of Ihe number being covered with snow to the depth ol ten Icot, and the other hall being forced up auainst a brae. The outer ones being wih some dillicully extricated, the rest were, to the ai;reeabl. surprise of the shepherd-, able to walk out liom l>;>i"-;'tl the superincumbeut load of snow which had consolidated mtoamass. Mr. Hocg, quitting the other shepherds. For the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. Well prepared Soil. One, and not one of the least advantages of a small farm is, that we have more time to pre|iare the groiiml well before we put in the seed lur the crops. On a huge farm we are often il not con- stantly (hiven— on a small one we nuiy drive our business, and the irtitalion and fietfulness an amhitioiis farmer feels when he has more than he can well attend lo, is almost as bad il not worse than lieing out of cash and teased by a dun. The reason why light, sandy soils are gen- erally the most productive, is no other than that the t-ools of our crops easily find llieir way and penetrate deep and wide for the necessiiiy lood.; hence the more stifi' and firmer soils call lor the •irealer labor of the cultivator, and when well milveiized aliiio,sl al«a\s are superior to those iliat are natm ally less compact. The stifler soils hold the manure better, keep it wulim the reach of the roots of the plants, and in this way otUet the advanluges of those that are mellow. But m all soils as a general rule, they cannot be loo fine or mellow, and an additional plnugliing is often far better than woulil he a ihessing ot niaiuire wilhoiit it. As a general rule, farmers are too hasty in sowing; the reluctance to wail, and the apprehension of a change of weather lor the worse, and the seeds are given t.. the soil lo ger- miniile and endeavor to loicc their leeble roots among the hard and tenacious lumps ot earth lot- orowth and sustenance. If w liirmers would niily recollect the inslaiices where onr fields have been often and taithliilly ploughed, and the in- creased ptoduclions over those that were but half iloiK!, we should not longer pursue a prae- lice so adverse to our interests. .\ season passed, like the water that mrns the mill wheel, does not a"ain return, and we are one remove lurtlier on in the brief juuriiev; we have but hall a crop, uo lose the otli.r ha'lf by our neglect. The inter- est upon the value of our laud, and the ettects of the niaiiine we apply are also gone forever lo the winds and elements. Doubly true ts the good maxim of the thrifty hoii.sowife, when applied Qri)c Jartncv'5 ittQnt!)hj iHgitor. 35 to the prepriraiion of our well done iii twice done twice as tuofitalile. For if we get fifty liiislicis of coin wlieie we would have had hiit twenty- five, do we lint sain tlie value of twenty-five bushels, and llie interest upon our money for tin- i-eniainiler of our lives, upon each acre ; and this enoniions ^'.liii nrisiiiff from a lilllc additional oari! in llie pruparation of the soil, which, if rc- p''ale(l every year increases in a coinpound ratio, ontslrippinf; altogether the sordid ifrowtli of money interest. 'J'lie land llmt is well prepared is easier tilled or worked while the crop is jjrowinf; than that which was liut half done. It costs us less for hired lahor, as we can do more ourselves, and have occasion to work less laud. The price of lahor ill this country is the great weight that sinks down and prostrates the man with a large farm. All our young men are, or should Ix-, de- sirous of working I'or themselves upon their own land, and the less they pay for the aid of others, the larger the nett gain at the end of the year. This aftords another proof of the national ad- vantage hlended with individual happiness found in our favored land. It is hard to compute the production that perli'ct tillage would produce in New Hampshire, and still more difficult to luim- lier the population that our soil is capahle of sus- taining. If we cannot cultivate all our laud as it should he done, hail we not helter sell the over- (ilus at half price, or give it to our growing hoys .Ts soon as they are marriagcahle on condition that lliey will lake some one of the many fine girls ill the neighliorliood of all of lis, and make us happy iy becoming our neighbors. laud— that " what is I daily, each, of SwediMli turnipf!. The ages, weight, for it is more than &.C.", as well as results, are given in the table," (which we here omit.) Mr. Ftevcnson remarks that those horses wliieli were thd on bruised oats were evidently less eii- ergeliv; than the others. Two of them (Nos. 1 anil '•)) performed less work, were dull iu the yoke, and their coats looked unhealthy. Those on raw uii';ed grain were the most energetic. Variety of food seems to have a beneficial elfeet — an opinion corroborated by the observations of Liidiigaiiil others. Those on boiled food, wlietlii;r tinnip or otherwise, showed a healthy, glossy coat. Their perspiration did not seem more abundant than usual, with the exception, perhap.'f, of those fed on boiled turnips. Those on boiled turnips eousuiiied more straw ; they scarcely ever tasted water. Thi^y are also said to have had a (inicker step, and performed mine lahor. In regard to cost, he says the results are in favor of boiled turnips with one feed of bruised grain. Colman's JF.ouAy Attachment. — Most of our readers have undoubtedly heard of the wonder- fid iniprovement made in the piano forte by a yomi^' man named Colman, who formerly resided in I'hiladelphia, hut is a native of Saratoga, we believe. He proceeded to Europe with his in- vention, for the purpose of taking out patents iu England, France, &c. He returned to his coun- try in the Hilwrnia on Wednesday, having been eminently successful in the object of bis visit, and and is at present iu Boston. VVe learn from good authority that Messrs. T. Gilbert & Co., the cele- liialed piano manufacturers of Boston, have pur- chased of him the exclusive right of makiiig the iustriimenis with this attachment for the United Stales, paying for it the eiiormons sum of one liundred and twenty thousand dollars. We are also infornieil on the same authority that he re- ceived more pounds in England than he did dol- lars here. This is the most remarkable iiistance of amassing an immense fortune in a short time (hat has ever come to our knowledge. — Salem Advertiser. For the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. The Spring. This season of hope is at hand, and the indus- trious farmer looks upon the prospect with the same kind of feelings, hlended with less of un- certainty, that the merchant does upon the .sail- ing of bis freighted vessel. If we have not yet put all onr tools in good order, let us look to them without delay, for the season will not wait for us while we are gone to the blacksmith or the pliiugli-maker for repairs, and as lost time is rarely made up, and never overtaken, should we not have him by his forelocks. Our harness and carts or wagons require overlianliug to see that they are in a good state of preservation and every bolt and staple secure. These little things are of considerable importance; by and by the planting season is with us — we have our hired labor on pay, and if we do not look to it in season, we shall have to pay them for doing little or no- thing, while we are preparing the tools and im- plements. The enterprising farmer — and we soon hope to see none other in our Granite State — has the same advantages as the enterpris- ing general, and is much more advantageously engaged for the benefit of bis fellow man: the one appears to reap glory in proportion to the number of persons he kills — the other makes abundant crops wliicli he reaps for their comfort anil happiness. I have felt a sort of wounded pride and mortification ever since I read in your paper the startling account of the bread stuffs we have been annually importing, and for one I am determined to have my implements in good order, that the ipianlity may be diminished, ane un- derstood in other couiiviies, and is attended with corresponding advantages. The densest popu- lation in Europe may tbtind in Flanders and Lomliardy, where the land is divided into small farms, and, being thoroughly tilled, produces abundant (iiod I'ov the inhabitants. And the ck- perieiice of a quarter of a ceiitury iti France, proves, that by the occupation of the country under small working f/aruiers, (he land is pro- ducijig one-third more food, aiuj sniiportiog a population oije-third greater, than when it was poBsested in large masses. The faw is universal — it applies to every cotui- try — that the secret of success in agricuilure cousists ill the thorough cultivation of a smaij worked, yields up its treasures in prodigal pro- fusion. In almost every part of New England, one capital error runs through the whole system of farming. .'1 great deal of mnnty is invested in laud, and a tier,'/ little money is employed in its ctdli- vation. And it is sad to see the owner of u larga farm pride himself on the luimber of acres which ho possesses, and undertake to cultivate the soil without sufficient means. Such a man has been happily compared to a merchant, who expends all his capital in building for his own use a large and roomy store, and is afterwards seen gazing with complacency on his bare walls and empty shelves. He has chalked out to himself a hard lot, and voluntarily enters on a slate of servitude, worse than Egyptian bondage. His work is never ac- complished, lie toils at all hours and yetisnev- e.i ahead of his work, and his work is never half done. He has not time to accomplish anything thoroughly. His house is out of repair, his barn dilapidated, his cattle poor, his fences in ruins, his pastures overrun with bushes, and acres ot land, which under proper cultivation, might be made to yield a rich harvest, are but little remov- ed from barrenness, perhaps dotted with mullcn, burdocks, thistles, or filled with sorrel, white weed, and other noxious plants, which root out the grass, and eat up the lifii of the soil, without affording nourishment to man or beast. What a harrassed, unhappy being must be the owner of such a farm ! He has no time for rec- reation or mental imjirovement. He is doomed to the treadmill for life ; with his spirils dep.ress- ed — dcsponilency stamped upon his haggard lineaments, and the worm of discontent gnawing at his heart; with him there is no pleasant asso- ciations with the past, the present is full of anxie- ty, care, and hartl labor — and a dark cloud rests upon tiie future. He reminds me of Hood's touching "Song of the Shirt"— and it may he well said or sung of him. Work — work — work '. From weaiy chime to chimp, Work — work — work ! As prisoners work for crime-^ Plough, and harrow, and hoe ! Hoe, and harrow, and plough '. Till the heart is sick, and the arm fjcnarab'd — And misery etamp'd on the hrov/. Such a man has little reason to pride himself on his extensive possessions: and paradoxical as it may appear, he would in nine cases out often, add to his riches as well as his enjoyment, by giving away one lialf of them at leasL He is in the true sense of the word, miserably poor, in fact a slave ; and when his eyes are opened in his real condition, it is no wonder that he is glad to emancipate himself, by sciliug his farm (or what he can get, and escape, post h.aste, to Tex- as or Iowa. — From an Agricxdiural address by John S. Sleeper, Esq. of Boston. Influence of heat in fattening Animals. Tlie degree of warmth in which the anitnal is kept, or the temperature of the atmosphere in which it lives, affects the quantity of food which th'i animal requires to eat. The heat of the ani- mal is inseparably conuecied with its respiration. The more frequently it breathes, (he warmer it becomes, and the more carlion it tlirows off from its lungs. It is lielieved, indeed, liy many, that the main purpose of respiration is to keep up the heat of the body, and that this heat is pro- dnced very much iu the satne way as in a com» mon Sre, by a slow combustion of that carbon which escajies in the form of carbonic acid from the Iungi3. I'lace a mat! in a cold situation, and he will either starve, or he will adopt some means of warming himself. He will proliaWy take ex- ercise, and by this means cause himself to breathe quicker. But to lia this for a length of time, he must f»e Bupjilied ivith nioie food; for not only does lie give off more carbon from his lungs, but the eierciss he takes causes a greater nauiral waste also of tlie substance of his body. So it is with al! anim^ils. The greater the dif- fidence lietween ths teui{)eratme of tlje body and that of the atmosphere in which they live, the iiiGie food they require to " feed the latiiji of life" — to keeji tlieui warn:, tfiat is, atid to supply tha uauiral waste. Hence tiie imjioitaiice of (iianta» lions as a shelter liom cold witjds to grazing beds, to protect fattening stock etocU; of open elj , from the iiigiuly de wb and ooids ; and even of j)iece ol' ground, which, well manured, mid well I cjoifer covering to quiet and geoiie iueMe of f»fc- 36 ari)e larmcr'0 i1Toittl)lij lligitor. tie or sheep, which feed without restlessness, and ''"f ,li^oper"uention to the warmth of his cattle or sheep, therefore, is of gre« practK^al conse- quence'to the feeder of stock. By keepmg then warm, he diminishes the quantity of food whu:! is neces-arv to sustain them, and leaves a laigei proportion fo,. :he prodnclic; of beef or .nut.on. Various experiments have been lately publish- ed, which confine the opinions above de.luctcd from theoretical considerations. Ol these 1 sha I only .nention one by Mr. Childers, rn winch twenty sheep were folded in the open field, and twenty of nearly e.pial weight vyere placed un- der a shed in a yard. Uoth >"'«"'=',''';''''"'; three months (January, February, and Ma cl upon turnips, as many as they chose to eat, lial a po.md ol* linseed cake, an rowaril till- atteijipl, the maker's name is mentioned aii of the bed is six inches above the surface of the ground. But a great improvement on one part of this pro- cess is — after each layer of soil is thrown on the preceding layer of manure, to intermix it very tliorovghly with ihe manure, by means of a coarse iron rake, potatoe hook, or other suitaiile tool. This thorough admi.xiure of soil and manure, though scarcely ever practiced, is of the greatest importance, as large lumps of piu'o manure and of earth, without being finely divided aud inler- ftiscil, form but a poor material for the extension of the fine and delic.ile fibres of the growing plants. The bed being ready for the reception of the plants liom tlie seed bed, which should be re- moved with the least possible injury to the roots, proceed to lay off the trenches for the rows. One of the greatest errors with most cultivators is crowding their plants too closely together; they wish, after so much labor in the preparation of a fine bed, to obtain the largest possible sup- ply from it, but deficit their own purpose by the slender and diminished growth resulting from such treatment. The nearest po.ssilile distance which ought ever to be admitted in an asparagus bed, is one (iiot apart in the row, and eighteen inches between the rows. Thus, if the trenched bed is fijiir feet wide, only two rows can In; ad- mitted, instead of four or five as usually prac- ticed. 'J'liis may be seen by the following dia- gram, the dots indicating the plants, which are placed, not opposite, but alternating with each other, which gives the more space between them. If there are eighteen inches of space between the row5,tlieu there will be fifteen inches from Ihe rows to the edgo of the bed, which is none too much lor the proper extension of the roots. The Ireixdies fur the plants should be made six inches deep, and wide enough lo admit ihe roots spread out horizontally, which must be done with the fingers. The deptli should be such that two or three inches of earth may he spread on the crowns of the plants. The beds may be made of any length lo suit cultivators. One n bundled and fifty feet long and four feet wide will supply an abundt^ice for a moderate ;jized family. After a bed is transplanted, it should remain uncut for two seasons. Culling sooner will great- ly injure its subsequent tlirifiincss. If it is remembered ihat the two chief requi- sites for success, are plenti/ of room for the growth of the plants, and a deep, fertile soil, no one need be at a loss in the cnliivaiion of this fine vegeta- ble. Good, constant, and cleanly culture, as eve- ry one must know, is indispensable. These re- quisites are of vastly greater consequence than large varieties merely. Indeed, the fact that with good cultivation and management, no plants are small, aud without that none are large, has led many intelligent persons to suppose that the dif- lerence between giant a'ld small varieties is ow- ing entirely to these circum.stances, and they are not fiir wrong. One advantage which may be derived from planting the rows more dislani llian is usual, be- sides large growth, is the facility of keeping the ground cultivated, a light plough drawn by one horse being passed freely between them. Will) such distances, and the facilities aflbrded for horse cultivation, much finer plants may be had from a rich; deeply ploughed soil only, than without them from a trenched bed two feet dei[), though depth and distance combined are the best. — Albanij Cultivator. Asparagus. — A correspondent says, "I have an asparagus bed, 30 feet by .'5 leet. on which I put one hundred weight of salt, about the midille of March, last year, and also this year. The in- crease of crop, both with regard to size aud num- ber, is most extraordinary." In another place, a case is giveq where too heavy aud often repeated a dressing of salt, destrojed the asparagus, iho' the precise amount of this over dose is not given. Fine Pork. — Mr. Daniel Briggs, of Hyde Paik, Diilchess connly, N. Y., fiitlened six sho;iip, which at eight months olii were killed and weighed 275 pounds each. r'ritin Ihe Albniiy Arixus. Seventh Agricultural Meeting hi the New-York Legislature. — Hay-iUakiug. Thursday evening, March iJth — Judge Chee- VER in the chair. Subject for discussion — "The proper stages for cutting grasses, and the best modes of making hay; with the proper time aud manner of seeding grass-lands." Mr. BemEiNT said he had Ibrmerly been in the habit of cutting limolhy grass ijiiiie late. It was easier cured after it got |iretly ripe. But he found in using hay thus cut, that it wanted sub- stance, and lie had ascerlained that the best lime for culling was uhile ilie grass was in blossom. In making clover hay, he had adopted Judge Buel's plan. He thought it best not 10 expose it much lo the sun. His practice was lo cut it in the morning, let it lay till noon, ami then cock it, and let it sweat two or three days according to the state of the weather. On putting ihe hay in the barn, he had used about four quarts of sail to the ton. Hay thus managed came out in tliu spring very bright ami sweet. In ihe ordinary way of curing clover hay, the best parts are wast- ed. In sowing grass seed, he sometimes sowed clo- ver, red-top and limolhy in the fiill. Clover diil not generally succeed so well sown in the liill. He had therelbre sown part in the tidi aud part in the spring. He usually sowed clover and timothy togelher, aud advised half 10 be sown in the lidl aud half in the spring. His rule was half a bushel of timothy aud 12 pounds of clover. He had tried lyv grass and orcliard grass, but did not succeed very well. He thought them not very good for hay, but some thought them good for paslnre. Mr. HowATin presumed it would be proper to include clover in the discussion, allhougli it was not, eiricily speaking, a grass. He was aware 39 that llierc were (liffi-reiit opinions iis to llie proyi- ei-i^lase for cultin^' j!rass ; l)ul he tliouslit l >« ob- seiviince of certain in-inci|iles nnj;lit afiord a snide in the caVe. For exan,|.hs the stems o brasses were filU'il jnst helore the tcrniiuion ol theseetl, with a starchy or saccharnie substance. In perfecting the seeil, the stems were exhausted of this substance, it liein-; consnnjed m Uirmnig Beed. Now if the herhia-e is the object, the plant shonid be cnt before the nntrinient has passed from the stems. If seed is the object, the plant nmst of comse be allowed to atlani a good defiree of malmiiy. It is obvious, tor ceruun reasons, that grasses are valuable cneHy lor then- stems an.l leaves. In the fnst p ace the seeds ure so minule that domestic anima s do not mas- ticate them, and they are envelo|ie(i in so hard a coveriii" that they are not dissolveil by the juices oftheslonmch-the heat and nioisinre they pass thron"h, only swelling them a little, so that they are known to vegetate, generally hetler (or bav- in., passed through the animal. Sheep partially delilrov ihe vegetative power ol grass seeds, but cattle 'and horses scarcely injure them at^all. Hav made from ripe grass may " go (artber, or "spend better," as the argument is; and it is ad- iuitt<:. He generally begun when the grass was in th.'. blossom. Hi» melho.l was to cut in the morning, spread the swathes lightly, and in the afternoon put it in cocks. The next day, it the sun came out, it was again spread, and if ma.le eiiou-h put in the barn, with a liltle salt sprink- led on it. Aliout three quarts of salt to the ton was as much as he used. There was danger ot usiii" too much. He had formerly ii.sed more salt "and was satisfied his animal.s, particularly sheep, had suffered by it. It occasioned scotir- ii,.r_and by keeping the bowels oui of or.ler lor some time, ihev died. Grass on Ins meadow land run out. W he did not wish to break up the land, he had gone over it with a scarifier, anil .sown the grass seed after it, bushing it m, with '..ood suc.-ess. Some ii,ead.)ws, however, requir- ed plowing u|i. It was deci.ledly best to sow timothy itrihe fall. As lo quaniity of seed, peo- ple generally err in not using enough— he use(1 it liberally. He usually got about two tons of hay to the acre. In the latter part of the season it vvoul.l sometimes make enough in one day. Mr. Mack said that allhuugh some regarded hi- claim to he considered a farmer rather equiv- ocal, he thought he had a good right to the title. He ha.l a farm on which he speni his summers, and on which he had expende.l $10,000 within a few years. He felt a great interest in farming, and the subject before the meeting was one of the most interesiing departments. He always diretjl- ed his men to make hay as rapidly as possible. He had oflen made it an.l put it in the barn in one day, and never had better hay. He was always particular to secure it from dew when it must be left over night. It is sai.l by some who had much practice in making bay, that it is never m- uired from its own inlernal juice, but only from rain or .lew. He has not had much experience in sowing grass, but generally sows timothy and clover in the spring— had found the best results fioni sowing on snow. From what he had learned, however, he thought it best to sow titn- othy in ihe tall. Mr PoTHAM did not like the plan of salting hay neither .lid he like hay ihat was made m one'day. If it eoul.l be so made that it would lake no hurt, in one day, it must have been too dry fur good hay before it was cut, oj- else very Ii.."ht burden. He would as soon have goo.l bn"ht straw for his cows or sheep, as timoiliy hay after it had gone to seed. He cuts clover when a part of it is in the blossom and pan in the head. Cuts all his grass early. It takes longer to make hay cut thus early, but for cows and sheep, especially, it was a great deal better. The obieclion to salting hay was, that animals were forced to eat salt whether they wanted it or not, an.l it made sheep scour. His hay CjUiie out of the barn of a bright green color, and his stock would fatten on it. There was another -neat a.lvantage in cutting early— the roots re- uiined their life and strength better, and the af- ler feed, anil fnlure crop were much more abun- dant. He dill not like timothy for hay— he nev- er saw it in England— Ihe farmers there thought it was loo coarse and wiry for stock. Rye gra.ss made good hay-would yield in England two ions per acre. "Pacey's was the best variety- red top made good hay. He had tried saintoin —it did not come up well— there was always a dlfiiculiy about it in this respect, because the «epil was good only a short time— it could hard- Iv be brought across the ocean and vegetate. If we could get it here it would be very valuable, especially for dry lands. As to pasturing iiiuw- ing Ian. Is, some lands would not bear it— partic- ularly if wet- blithe fed his dry lands very close, ill the fall, with cattle and sheep, and experienced no damage bom it. . . Mr. Dkv ma.le some inquiries about sainfoin, lucerne an.l florin, &.C., to which Mr. Howard bri.-fly replied. , , ■ • Judge ChkkVek said a.t others ha.l told then- experience in the quantities and inunner of mak- ing hay, he would take the liberty, in some mea- sure, to follow iheir example. Twenty-two years ago, he purchased a small hay liirni, and upon that and elsewhere, he has ever since cut fioni 100 lo 2.50 tons of hay, (.er year. Of course it had become his interest lo learn all he eoul.l of the best meihodof seeding, and keeping up his meadows ; the best season and best mode of culling and curing hay, and then how to turn it to best account. His liollom lands upon the rear, he seeded with limolhy on- ly, except in some places where it was too wet to grow timothy, there he seeded with red-top. On bis up lands he seede.l with timothy and clover. He did not use so much seed as Mr. Be- nient had meniioned. Where he used timothy alone, about eisht quarts to the acre was Ins quantity. Where he lused clover with it, he used six or eiuht pounds of clover to six or eight quarts of timothy. He had succeeded in see.ling vvith timothy at almost all seasons of the year, but always best when he covered the seed well. He had ha.l good success in seeding with buck- wheat, sowing the fore part of July, sowing the buckwheat thin, not over five quarts of seed to the acre. If he steded with winter gram lie pre- ferred sowing timothy in the fall with grain, and in the spring of course if on a spring crop. He had succee.led much the best by sowing and passing a light harrow over it once to cover it well. He had had good success in sowing clover in the tall with grAin on san.ly and gravelly lands, but on clavs and tenaceous soils there was great daii- „ev otioosing it fiom the aclfon of the winter fr.ist It was safest to sow clover in the spring, upon some of Ihe last snows, if on winter gram, and with the grain, using the harrow upon It, it sowed wilh spring crop. He always used he harrow when he could. He had kept up his meadows by leaving the after growth or rowen upon them as much as he could ; and where he grazed considerably in the fall, to repay it by an occasional top dressing. Grass land, whether bottom or nplan.l, will keep itself up, if.'>'ovf'l once in the year, at the ordinary .season, it all he after growth is left, without lop-dressing. It the tall is dry and the after growth light, the next crop will not be full, but Ihe first wet tall will bring it up again. Meadows should be d'aiued, when practi.:able, as well as tillage lands. Al- though irrigation is vei^ nsefiil where properly applied, an excess of water is very hurtful espec- ially to the quaniity of the bay. . Making //«^.-He would cut his clover in blos- som, not sooner. He would let it take the sun one day, but not enough to have the leaf bieak off, then put it in small eocksand cure it until by a fow hours drying, by turniug oyer and break- in" the cocks, the fluids would he so far out ot it That it may be boused without hurting Ihe lenmh oftiine necessary to cure It wil depend up.m the state of the weather and the l";?"" J smaller growth of the crop. Upon this the tar- nier must exercise his judgment. , He would not cut timothy until it had passed out of the blossom. Professor Davy, >" '"^ Af ri- cultural Chemistry, says, the 64 P'"'^ /^ ';'°^^'^ hay cut in the blossom, pro.luced ten P« 's°';""- triiive matter, and the same taken m see. 1 . - othy, 10 parts in blossom, and 23 in ^eed Tl is in the timothy is probably too >1>"<='> 5 ^ ' '!^^* the nutritive matter in timoihy im|.roved alter ihefallol the Ijlossom he had no doubt. Kea- u„ comes to maturity later, and he did not think here was much difference whether cut in the o s-om ...• soon after. He believed t""Othy cut i„ i,lossom would, pound for pound, p oduce more milk when fod lo cows or ^'h'^^r, tha" >t would cnt afterwards; but f'>'-.l'"'-«'=%f "^, "'^^ stock, he thought it more .>"'«'>'='°"^, '° ^ X " litile longer. It certainly improved in weight. He preforred mowma his hay, as fai as he could when free from dews or water. He let he s tlis take the sun a few hours, t.ntil .he top got a little wilted or seared, before turning. If 40 @l)e laxmtx's illontl)lt} llisttor. thus held up tlie j,] eener parts when liirnpd over and spread, iind iicrnjitted llie air to rirculate un- der it: it also gave the ground lietwyen the swaths time to dry, which was important in has- tening the cnrintr. In tliis way he avoidetl the hecessity of turning the hay after being spread, which was one of the most tedious processes throiigli which tin' iiay had to he passed, and of course the most r\|iensive. He never permitted his }iay to take a d«w when it had sun enonglj to wilt it consirh'raldy, if he could help it. The dew discolored it, and he had never heen able to restore tiie fine Ircsh color afterward?. He pre- ferred letting liis h.iy stanil over night in the cocU. He could then better tell of its fitness to be housed. It is very easy to break up the cocks and give it more sun, if necessary ; and the slight fermentation or sweating in the cock, which is checked and driud off in carting, is a great pre- ventative against heating in the mow. Hay heat- ed in the mow is sure to he discolored. Some people insist that it is not injured for feeding, es- pecially to cattle. It may lie so. I know that flour, corn or oalf, which have heen heated until they are musty, are thought not so good. 1 do not know why hay should he. On the approach of rain, I always put all the hay that has had any sun of consequence, into the cock. If the storm is a long one, it may tiu'n yellow, so th;it it cannot be restored, but it will retain most of its nutritive matter and weight, whereas if left .spread out to take the rain, it loses both, and is much worse discolored. 1 never use salt ujion my hay, hut upon compulsion. When the weather is good, I dry my hay suffici- ently to keep, and as soon as I can, 1 house it; but sooner tijan leave it out to take a storiri, even in the cock, 1 would put it in a little short dried and apply salt to save it, as 1 would sooner have It salted than musty. The river counties make hay for the New- York and southern markets. On bottom lands, which are occasionally over- flowed by turbid water, and where the meadows are not grazed, this is not l)ad husbandry, especi- ally where the hay brings fair prices, but very few of the upland farms will bear to have the hay taken from them for any length of time with- out impoverishment. For the last two or three years, it has been bad husbandry to sell hay even from the bottom lands. During the last season tliere were hundreds of tons of hay, of fair quali- ty, sold in New-York for from 30 to 35 cents per hundred. On inost of it, the owner paid from 14 to 16s. Jier ton I'reighr, besides commission and other charges. If he lured it pressed, and hoojie and slats found, it cost hinj from 12s. to 148. per ton more. If he owned his press, and found his own horse power, he [iressed it a trifle under thesse rates, which left him for his hay in the barn, and lor carting it to the vessel, fronj $2 to $2,75 per ton. With the present price of wool, or when good fair Merino wool will fetch 3.s. per lb., hay is worth, at the barn of any fiumer in this state, from fJO to $8 dollars per ton to feed to sheep, besides the value of the manure ; which manure, to one who rightly values the improve- ment of his fiuin, is worth $2 irrore. As a general rule, it is safe to calculate that store slieep will fetch one dollar more in the spring than in the fidl ; and a ton of hay well feed to sheep that are well sheltered, will carry eight through an ordinary winter. Dr. Lee thought timothy exhausted the ffoil much more than clover. From scientific investi- gations, it has been well ascertained that timothy e.xhausted the soil three tiiries as much as clover. He thought grasses should be cut before the seed is filled. It was correct, as had liecn stated, that the nutriment of the stems was exhausted in forming seed. He thought some of the plans which had been mentioned for making hay, re- quired too much labor. Mr. Sotham, tor in- stance, could hardly make his hay for twodol- lars a ton. He thought it the liest way to mow grass after the dew was off— spread it, dry it as much as possible, and rake it into wiinow. If it was dried enough, and it would frequent- ly be so, lie would load it from the winrow, and save the labor of cocking it up. Ho had had some experience in irrigation, and thought its advantages were considerable. As to to[)- dressing for grass-lands, ho was much in favor of ashes. Charcoal dust, or charcoal pulverized, had proved very eAcellenl tor this purpose. The coal might be crushed iii a bark-mil apply ashes or coal in the spring. He would Domestic Economy. Buckwheat Cakes, after standing to rise all night, are much improved Ijy adding, just liefbre bakiiig, sour cream and saleralus — say a tea-cup full for two (piarts of the batter, 'i'liis treatment improves the flavor, and makes them richer and lighter. It was discovered this winter by a notable house-keeper in the western part of the State, where fine hut biiekivlieat cakes and keen appetites, on frosty mornings, often go to- gether. Corn Cake.— Two tea-cups of buttermilk, one of sour cream previously sweetened with salera- t!is, one tablc-spoonfull of molasses, and Indian meal to make it nearly as stiff as inufflus. JJake half an hour. Thoroughly tried by the above mentioned house-keeper, and fbnud first rale ; and also eaten with good iciisio by the writer. Apple Jellt. — Slice thirteen large apples verv thin without paring them ; then cover lliem witii water; boil and strain them,— and to the juice add a pound and a half of loaf sugar, and as much lemon-juice as your taste may direct. Clarify it with eggs, and boil it to a jelly. It is an exceedingly delicate, palatable, aiid lieainifiil dish, fit to grace any wedding table, the writer having partaken of it on such an occasion, the house-keeper above named forming the centre of attraction at the time. It is also very fine in sick- ness. Domestic Yeast. — The following is copied from the London Gardener's Chronicle, and must be cheap and easy. Boil one pound of good flour, quarter of a poimd of brown sugar, and a little salt, [how much is that?] in two gallons of water, for an hour. When milk warm, bottle it and cork it closely, and it will be fit for use in twenty-four hours. One pound of this yeast will make eighteen pounds of tiread.— ^3^6. Cullivalor. Cheese mancfacture in Herkimer Co. — The Address of Col. A. Petrie, before the Her- kimer (N.Y.) County Ag. Society, is a sound, common sense article, evincing the good judg- ment and practical observation of its author. We give an extiact in relation to the manufacture of cheese, which from the facts it contains, is espec- ially worthy of preservation. " Some farmers make less than 300 pounds of cheese pei- cow in a season, while others exceed 600. Perhaps .some of this dift'eience may be accounted for by the inequality of advantages; hut I am assured by gentlemen whose skill in the art we liave the highest confidence, that there is a great ilifterence in the product per cow, when all advantages are equal. One case 1 will men- lion ; A geiitleiuan who has for years made more than 600 pounds per cow in a season, from a dairy of 2,5 cows, let out his dairy to a tenant, whose reputation as a common cheese-maker, was of the highest order. He observed that the tenant's cheeses were smaller and lighter than they should be, and sus|iecting the cause, watched his mode of making them, and found it to be like that of nearly all the cheese mak- ers in the country, by guess. The milk was tempered, and set, and the curd scalded with- out a Ihcrmometep', and le.ss care was taken in other [larts of the process than he' was accus- tomed to. Ho attempted to teach the tenant, who was rather |irejudiced against "hook fiirni- ing" — reminded him of his reputation. The landlord, however, made a lew cheeses himself, and the tenant looked on. These were found to be larger and heavier than the cheeses made by the tenant. The tenant then adopted the im- proved mode, and he could make as large a cheese as his friend. Both gentlemen now agree, that the improved mode increa.'ied the amount about 10 per cent. Now the tenant was evidently more than an ordinary chee.se-maker. lor/K- woiilil have made over livi: hundred pounds per cow during the season, hut by the improved mode he made over six hundred." Col. P. i-emarks that the average rate of cheese per cow ill HcMkimir county is supposed to l>e less than Ii50 pounds per cow, and tliat as it is nearly all made by g-i(c,?s, it is liiir to suppose that a careful, scientific mode of making would in- crease the timonnt at least 10 per cent; which would amount to over sixiy-seveii llioumind iluUar.i annually for that county. Kroni the Boston (.'ultivalor. On Settiii:? Trees. Mr. I^^ditor — Dear Sir : In some future num- ber of your vahiahle pafier, if you will have the goodness to answer the following inquiries, you will confer a great favor on a subscriber. Should I set out some trees in the spring, I fell lliat vour advice on the following points would be "very valuable to me. I wish to know if it wouhl not be better for me, (in the long run,) to buy good apple trees, at the regular nurseries, next spring for twenty-five, thirty-tliree or filly cents each, than to wait to grow a nursery myself} 1 can pmhably find trees at Cumberland, R. 1., at twenty or tw(>ntvfive cents each, and, perhaps, for less, but they are mostly graiied on sprouts, and many of iheVonts are filled with warts or knots. Will" those whose roots are filled with knots make good trees ? I had supposed that apple trees graiied on sprouts might bear friiil sooner than if grafted on trees which grew from the seed ; but feared that a tree which was grafted on a s|irout might nut be so hardy, nor have so long a life. Perhaps voii can inform me, with regard to this. 1 shall jiroh- alily have ojiporiunilies enough in ihe spring to buy trees of pedlar.s who are strangers to me, and iiiany auctions may perhaps be set up to sell trees which were taken from nurseries .at a dis- tance fiom here; hut, I have seen the effect of buying trees of pedlars and at am-iion, to my heart's content, A person cannot know but the trees have been out of ground a week ; and I am also fearful that it will he very uncertain whether I sluill get the kinds that 1 e.tpect. It is desirable to get trees as cheap as possible when a man gets a large lot of them, as the interest of the money before the trees will hear will be considerable on four or live hundred trees ; and, if ^ratied sprouls will answer as well as any thing, I cm probably get them much cheaper than those trees at the regular nurseries which are grafted on irees which have been raised fi-om the seed. Your.s, iic. Medway,FebA9, 1845. Ol?" Trees that are rai.sed from seeds are best. When you go to a nursery take care and purchase tlie best you can find. Don't take up w iih refuse Irees lliat have been culled over. You run a risk of getting old bottoms that are not half as good as t\tfjirst pick in the nursery. Go early, as soon as the frost is out, take up your trees and bury them in a cool and shady spot till the leaf begins to start. Then, in a fair day set your trees. You will now find the mould so broken that you can fill up the cavities about the roots and keep the air out. Don't set your trees deeper than they stood in the nui'sery, and you need not lose vour " inter- est" for a long term. Good tnx's, well set, will often bear in four years. — Editor. Salt for Botter. — We cannot |iarticularly answer the iiupiiiy of Mr. Barton, in regard t"i> the means of ascerlainliig good fiom poor salt. The best salt for butter, we believe to be that which is generally sold under the name of rock salt. It is sometimes ground for dairy purposes. It may also he rendered fine by putting it in a kettle or boiler, with water enough to cover it, and heating it till the lumps are broken down, stirring it whih,' the process of heating is gniii" on. When it has become fine it m.iy be dipped out and drained, and it is in a suitable state to use. Any impurities which rise to the top of the water while the salt is melting, should be skimmeilotK The Liverpool blown, or bag-salt, often contains impurities, :inil dues not answer well for butler. The table salt, made at Saliiin, in this state, it is said by those w ho have used it, answers very well. filr. B. will find at page 318, of our last volume, ample directions for pu- rifying salt fin- butter.— .'y//)OHj/ Cul. Kxperiments in Planting. — The advantages of free admission of light, and free ciiculalioti of air, to the growth of plant.'', are in a good degreo obvious to prrsniis ofiiiiy I'Xpeiii'iice in agricul- ture. Ho inipoilaul are these infhienceslo Jndi- an corn, than an advantage is known to result from giving the widest space to row^s runniiig iiorlh and south. This more readily ailmits the light and heat of ilie sun, than ru«s running in a contrary direction. It has been suggested ihul pUmims com .•uid potatoes in .•illerniile rovvs, or in alienmtiniisor two rows each, would frive n j,'remer ns^nejiMle prodiiiu for a f;ivei) t-xtnit o( liind tliMi. i( (Mclicrop were planted Fniirciv hy Itself. iLxprnn.onts relative to this point liave been made in Massacl.nsetts for a lew years past, under tlio dir.'ction of the I'lvinontl, Conntv A" t^oeiety,ai.d the revolts so fliV, indicate con^ider- a ,le a,lvnntaj:e n, liivor of the alternate plantinj;. Mr. Nathan Whitman, who reeeived, for an ex- peniiient ot this l will, potatoes; from this was har- vested I.J(, /.5(i l.iishels; and half air acre in nl- leniate rows of corn and potatoes; from this was harvesie.la'i 50-75 iMishels of corn, and 71) 40-.% hnshels of potatoes. In this experiment there appears to he n frain in mixed plantiii"- of tenhnshelsof corn to the acre, and lwel,t^^six l)iishelsol potatoes. Some experiments report- ed to this society in former years, we helieve showed ahoiit the same results. ^hLj^^^^^^^^^^lJ^ont\)\v: SimtorT 41 those vyho are fimcli better authority than I can pretend to he. The following, ren.arks are from Clater eV \ ouatt's "Cattle Doctor," (ftlr. Skin- iiers American edition,) and perhaps they may fnni.sb a Innl to sotne, hy which they may pront : — "^ •' Statistics of Crops. We extract from Mr. Ellsworth's Report, the tollownvu; esinnate of crops grown in the New J^ngland States ami New York, in J814:— Hay. jJ?"'"*;V ,. 1,251,000 tons New Hampshire, 657,000 ^^'""OM, 1,266,000 Massuchuselts, 706,000 Connectient, 57-3,000 Kho , . ],49-?,000 bush. New Hampshire, 1,765.000 y,*^''"'"'". 3,26(i,000 Massachusett.s, 1,687,000 ^""'I'^'V';',"'', J,4D6,000 Khode Island, Ig^ooo '^'="' ^ "'■''. 31,135,000 Indian Corn. !:)''''":', ,. 1,738,000 bu,.b. New Ilampshne, 1,662,000 *,'"'•'""•,"' 1,440,000 Massachusetts, 2,816,000 ^""'!'^'',"y'"', 2,408,000 Khodelsl.-md, 636,000 ^•"'^^■^'1^' iy,468,000 Treatment of Cows before and after Calvin-. It IS a point upon which, 1 believe, the most o serving and reflechig fhrmers agree tha, cows oi a short tune previous to calvhig, ..liould he .ed moderately rather than slufcd, accordin.^ to • the old riotion, uhich is now lli,- fl'on, bein.^l" J^ole e. The sl^Jfins; (.ractice is, I presume, hase.l on the supposition lli.at it is necessary ,o incre-ise !l>e flow of milk alier the birth of ,h;\..al T , ' h^clhe n ''°" "' " "'^"^'■'■"'-""^ '^ «'•'■'> 1"-- ~ •'"-''""" ""'■^' l""->i<---'^-fl-ly milk fever or To enable her the helter to sustain the trials .itlendan on partuniion, the cow at the time o' ion Dn/ com meal shonhl constitute no p.-,ri of ber food just previous to calvin.s »s it is idlam ■ngtothe blood, aiul among tb, sunc^XZ- causes of swollen ud.ler. G„o.l_(J i']"_ ,,': 1- l'.-;.V, with a meal a d.y of some sort of rooi"^ ■s .be best ood for cows near calvin.s and theV lecfuire ..othmg richer, and should no,' he ./„ii iJut it is not my intention to write a homilv of "0 ""■" on tins subject, but to give the view's of BEFORE CALVING. "During the early period of gestation, theani- uinl may, ami should be, well li.,!, fbr she has to provide milk (oi the dairy and nourishment for lie iQUns; but when she is dried, h,.r food >liould be considerably diminishe.l. ^he should not he very (at nor full of hloo.l at the time of calvinc' for that IS the frequent cause of diflicult labor.' garget, and milk fever. There may he an erior in starving her before she calves, but it is a much more dangerous one to brina- her into too liinh condition. ° "Some cows are apt to sHnl.- ibeir calves or to produce ihem dead before their time. This .^eii erally happens about the middle of their lae- nancy. If about that time a cow is uneasy ij:. verisb, oft her food, or wandering almut in sea'rch of something lor which she seems to have a lon biis'''^'^;'.%°* V, ". re 'ara to the ;:r'u;Cue ne:UlLtl,e^th.t leaf unci |u,,. r«J::e;:r^owa,c,,^..eir..ow,,.u.enJoyt,e,, „;;,;;;;;v;;s;,i;isisane.,joyM,en,.ca,-ceiyu>.;e .(,i,alle,l, and a.:ce..d,le, '''. /'' ^e .'n^s th nk ,::,:!:;:;, |V.nd of ..,.ee,i,,ga^^^ i,,,,o,,.,.euu.,nonad^^ (■ , .^U.niMCT We never knew a lady "i f.eniic lr':o^;sy^:-ne,y f^n^ o^ ^o.er. nuA '"irubhery, who had not a warn, heait and get, c:n,:':r;Sr:r it,itr:,= ="';s-;-:^».*« -- ihl. The ininciple upon It uhK-h It h"^ '«' -^ di-.'ovei-v, hnt it This was a'-"-;"^- ;^| rJ^ dor^ent^^n. and was no snt-h thi 2, ^' , ,|,^ Academy ,,,a,,ono.th.,W«;r^^,,^,,,,,,, For the Fnr.ners' M^ntnly VisUor. Agricultural Meeting at Somers, Connecticu ■The occupation of the vast terri.or.y known s the Ore-on if ahea.ly gonia; forward ; aiul M vca s wi "not have elap-d, hefore a po.ver til S u e will have sprnnj; up on the ^l'-" «=^ °' 'j^ P cific The creat tract of the Oreijon is di ained ,;\t Colnaihia river and the San Franc, o which debouch upon the ocean at a '<'"^"'_ Pv! by steam, distant from the fe="''^^,'^' '=' :;;-:dUa group, the .-'«l-"'>--o,°^oO mttly .maraiiteed; whose population is 10".^', "W^uy American; the surface, 8000 square miles, ul a :?:,il ,he mJ.st fruitful, and u climate unsurHas^ed /■'^'I^Slands are situated in the mhldle^f LheP cihcon the great '"'.^'''-"y ''-'J, ,f '^ ' n.ina The great whale hshery ot ^he^e re /,o?. conducfed mostly by A"'«'-"-""f' "".;^; r ■ , onn vessel'^ whose annual products aie :^r^O00:0Oa^'ThisHee, mU r.,nnon are o ten I":;:;;' heCu Pel-haps the very. -xttiine they :^:e fir ' M'th an or.linary ehar.e they e^,dode, ""' (feels of the test whirh wa.- Meehanic;A;'tSoei;;,y,tbr appointing . ,„a,)ooflhe tmighest %;ZlsandlWliugpi--esn,aybe(lredanili_ H.fi;ii;..nun,b.rof,iu,es;,hee,m,-us.2~^ l,V their t.m.,11 charges seems to have I" ' ^ " ' nt any rate, the limit of safety wilh small aims 1= .,ot VHt clearly ascertained. ''VlO pounder luay be fired safely perhaps three orhimMl --d,in,es;a24ponndera hm^^ limes. How many limes e. nianntaetiires ne^e wo.^^^ ^'-''"•"''^'"'■':"H!^;:Ua l^t Scnltnralso- appears more evident ttian in. i r. , f,,,. of Ihe soil who will be peisna.led to .dl m our vieus and help to support "'«',;^^';^; ,,,,•„,„ •ultnre are pistly enga^iiv zi'al ot fv The interests ot ..^ . • more the attei.ti.m, and enhstmgtlH. ^ . ..useU able of employments. EnfichI, a., Jan. 18, 1845. Hod twenty limes. — Porlsmouth Journnl. Vattei.. Our Country. llunrs Merchants' Magazine indulges in the rol wmg bold strain of prophecy, m re^rd e pi' .Tress of our glorious ^'•>""'y- , 1'' , . 1 „ luT medicts would be scarcely less won- ;l:,;l:;':l;m;mredwitliwha, it was twenty yeais '''^::Vi;ereisbu,h..ledonhttlwUtheUnite-lSt.,.es ,,,,,..i„..d,dn,^;.ely.oconmumd he^-l; ;:;,;';;: li;::um;e.ri;;:;;e::mch^im:'i';^^^^^ , d -h It Ihe wants of F.nrope require. ,„..,,.hants control ''"''''' J;',' •,, ,|,i^, l,m ,|„. •-■'•\ru:rwl,.^r;,;;:-l^::weo;e.mu^ „vi-orons, rapid, and nuceasimg m.m ", ne mi) miles in extent, westward to way marel ti|aVi. with aloii GA.n.N^;;::-There is no. l^}:'^^!^^l^X^t:^^'^o;^^^ '^^ P-«^ .lelighifnl ocrnpation than gnrdcnmg. lo bieatno win From ttie N. E. Farmer. Cranberry Cultivation. Mit. EDiroa-Having seen, recently, some brief allusions to the importance and proh o e P evions preparation of, he land-thetime Zn uired to bring vines into full bearing, and all o, e^'irl-.i"- Bygniug-ne ~on on these points, you will oblige Many. rr?=- We wish it were in our power to eomnm- nicllCTtl.e intormatim, desued in the at-veu>- n dries • but we are entirely in the d:.rk on the ^ , 1 ■ viou- never -eeii an artificial erauberry ::;'ld; rt^we...adadetailedaceouiUof e''m>^lus operandi" in loriuing one, although e -ire aware hat they have been, and ma. he ::.Sllymade. We have deferre.l pnb ishing n e note ot^" Many," ii"'d 'lu" subject might he , 1 t m> ill the agrienllural meeimgs at ibe s;:; fl o e, .'pi.ii: That somelhing sa,i..ae,ory Id e elicited. 'As to the kind ot laud most " •; b- M nberry meadow, from our own .,, : !:. u,s on cranberry meadows in n natura In we should say, that for the most .sueeessl>, :n:ni;llS,.^vid.l,lleym■e,.o.lUJ,lred y I . vrt we are of opinion that a boggy im . (tow ,s Cljc iTanncv's iHontl)hj llisitor. 43 «lrive out tlie L'inss. Wliero ll:e vines could not be easily olitaiiied, a lew loils s(]Mnre of lioji^y tnoist land should lie |iri'|ian'd, and tlie craidierrv Beeds sown ihicU n|ioM il, Uept Iree of weeds, and tlie roots al'terwaidfe may be tiuiisj.lunted lu llie nifindow, Tlie oraidieny ciop is hecoining one of pient inipoitanee, and we sliould be gliid for inloiina- tion on tlie subject lioiii iliose wlio liuve iJiacli- cal expuiienoe. For the Farniers Monthly Visitor. "Brown" Corn. To THE Editou: — It is a general complaint anioiif; liirniers, that tlieir corn degenerates and grows later. 'I'lie same Mud oC sees. And how they manage! Would you expect a "right smart" crop of wheat, if you sowed it on stalk ground ■before ploughing, "and "shoveled" it in? And would it not make a " heap of difference" if the i;round was belter tilled ? And would it not be a niysKMV lo see wheat growing and the stumps of st.-dks'undisturhed, at thi! North ? Willi suc-li jiianiigemeiit, some " make a right smart of wheat." 'I'lie little village of " Providence," alias Fair- fax Court House, is consi.intly improving and a prospecins is issued for a paper to be pnblisheil Ihere, to commeiiee about the first of May. Jf a good one, it will receive a good support. There are many things 1 should like to write ■yon about, but 1 am writing ton nineh to answer "my own purpose this timi;. 1 want to ask you several iiuesiions which you will do me a llivor lo answi;r, provided the ileru I expect to leave with the postmasier to send you, makes your luemorv or the mail more liiitldiil lo nie. Only Ihiuk: "l have not received your paper since .Sep- :teniber I My inquiries are as follows: — Do yon ihink it j\ L'ood plan to mix clover and limoihy logether ? Would il be a good plan to sow grass seed willi huekuheal on boiioni l.iiid .' and would yon recommend ilie use of ilie roller aller sowing the grain on a clayey soil ? Do you recommend ciilting polaloes fiir seed ? In selling posis, which is the best nielhod ? Is the bnlt of ihe slick llie more or less durable to set in ihe ground ? Is it best to pasture oats to fniicli land, or ]iloiigh them iiiider? And finally, do you not believe it heller fiir many to come to Virginia and buy land, when they"ciiii niaki^ a living off of il ; and by iiii- pro'ving it lay by a litlle money, ihaii lo pay such large prices at the North where ihey cannot do as well? There are iidvaulages here over Ihe Wi'slern cnuiilry and itveu llie Norlli. 'I'lnn,' are niaikels, and gooil ones, loo, which the West at presi'Mt cannot compare wiih. The cominii- nicalion Willi New York is easy and rapid; the two cities. New York and Wiishinglon, not being one day's ride niiart. Th(^ coiinly is exceediiii-iy healthy, and ihe climiite good ; ami we want New lOnglaiid socieiy lo make Ibis a very prosperous iind hiipiiy coiinly. " Come on, hrolher Vmikee.>=, and make this" more than "another New Eng- land." The weather for some time |)ast has been de- lightfiil. The buds of the fruit trees speak of iriiig, and the peach and the apricot promise us ere long their welcome Hower; and the grass, the wheat, anil the birds appear as if the month of lovely May were smiling upon them. And now, if my much esteemed friend P receives this letter too, I hope it will appear lo him heller in jirint than it rioes to me in inann- scrifit. A " niiihiplicily" of things take up so much of my time that I steal an hour of mid- night to write : he will therefiire please pardon imperfections in composition; ami to you, Mr. Editor, 1 would apfiroach with a humble bow, asking firrgiveness lor the wrong I commit in sending such a scribble, with its many errors and inte'rlinings. Yours. &c., Fairfax Co., March 1st, 1845. ' li. F. [[[/^ In the absence of the editor of the Visitor — (who, when we la.st heard from him, March 13ili, was at New Orleans, La., where he has gone for the benefit of his health) — the tempora- n' conductor vvoiihl commend the questions pro- posed by friend Fuller to some of the many ex- perienced readers of the Visitor. For ourself, we are but a "green hand" at practical farming, and must confess that some of friend F's ques- tions are " jiosers," so far as onr own ignorance is concerned. We will lay them, however, be- fore the editor, on his retm-n, which we look for in the course of a mouth or six weeks, unless some of onr correspondents in the mean time will "come up to the scratch," as we suggest. Mixing Soils. Some nine or ten years ago in the early part of my farming, I had occasion to deepen a well about six or eight feet. The earth drawn out was a tenacious blue clay, just damp enough to cut into lumps, and adhesive enough to remain so. After finishing the well, llie man who had charge of the farm was at a loss to know where todeposile it. Having a bare sandy kmill in one oftlie fielils, which was not inaptly termefl " per- sonal properly" from its being wafted about by every breeze, here to day ami there to-morrow, it occurred to me that the clay would hold ihe sand and form a soil. I accordingly ordered it deposited there in liea|is, same as if manure. This was in summer. In the fall the lumps were scittered over the surface, and left lo the aciioii of ihe rain and fiost. In the spring it was Ibniid to have broken down, crumbled and slak- ed like lime. These heaps were reduced and the clay evenly spread over the surface. The field received a coat of manure, was ploughed ;:ml sown with oats ami peas. Thai where the clay was applied produced the largest and most vigorous growth, of any other part of the field. In the fall it was sown with rye ami seeded down « itii tiniolhy and clover. 'J he rye as well as the clover was much more vigorous and heavier, on that than any other part ofthe field. In fiicl, the person who occupied the fiirm after I left it, in- icirmed me that he lost his crop of grass on that part in consequence of its lodging. Thus the personal was made real or fiist |iroperly, and re- iiiains so lollie present ilay. "Having experienced such beneficial effects from mixing clay witli sand I was afterwards iii- diieed to try what elfcct saml would have on ii r.itlier rtUentive soil. The garden al 'I'hree Hills Farm, is a stiffclay loam resting on a strong te- nacious clay snlisoil, riither inclined lo moisture. The second year after 1 purchased ami took pos- session of il, 1 caused a cont of sand six or eight inches in depih, to be put on one of ihe squares, which was spaded in with ninnnre, iind I had Ihe salisliiclion to witness the most gratilyiug and happy results— the crop on lli.-il square was liir superior lo any other ill the ^.'ardeii. Since tlii'ii I have caused over live hiimhed one horse curt loads of siiiid lobe pill in the gulden, and the elVeet is still visible allhoiejh the sand has disap- pe.iK d.— ' /'.".Wmr/ /iom Mr. C. JV. litmenVs M- drtss hfjhre lite Iloiisalonic Socieiy. time, and when the soil is placed upon the stack of manure, pieces of turf are placed just below the surface, oii which the seeds are ])lanted. If the grass of the turf is alive, it is to be put upside down. On the arrival of warm weather, nml when the soil in the open air becomes fit for cul- tivation, the pieces of turf are removed entire, with the young plains upon them, and placed ill highly manured ground, where they are finally to grow. In this way the roots are taken u|) with- out tin: least mutilation, conseipiently no check is given to the growth. Afterwards,whenever there is any probability of a night frost, each hill is covered with a bell glass. The glasses have a small opening at the lop, which prevents the sun scorching the plants in case they are not removed in time ; they are obtained at the glass-works in Ihe neighborhonil, for four cents a-piece ; but where they cannot be had, boxes, with panes in- serted, w ill answer nearly as well. Raising early cucumbers. — H. G. Dickerson of Lyons, Wayne connly, New York, one of lln iiMisI successful ciillivalors of garden vegetables, adopts Ihe following mode of raising early cii- ctinihcrs, lie makes his hut-bed at iho usual For the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. Meteorological Observations at Concord, Taken at 6 o'clock .4. Jil. and 2 o'clock P. M. BY A. CHANDIiEIt. I. Wind. Cloruis. 1845. Feb. ■J 1 K 1 ■S g 4 i% Character of Cloutlsy etc. ~4 C Hi 3 13 14 24 14 IG 4 13 1(1 17 12 24 14 28 IB 2S 28 42 1 8 14 18 22 37 3: 38 311 42 liCI 37 24 41 32 45 37 44 34 47 37 38 39 48 T. a-iiaii 53 w.ai; 30 52 :t3 44 26 1 321 T. 4 VV. 5 S. 9 T. 13 S. 15 S. 16 M. 11 T. 18 \V.19 T. 20 F. 21 23 M. 24 T. 27 F. 28 .84 4G .80jl9 .88 59 .95 28 .98 55 .77 25 .53^50 3.58 ,61 .80 9.02 .30 .43 .61 .70 .75 .66 .GO .65 .46 .48 .22 !ll .81 .95 0.12 .20 ,S6 85 GO .40 .38 .41 .53 .113. 59 .80144 N. W. 2 .\. W. 3 N. ■W. 3 N. VV. 3 _ 0 N. VV. 2 — 0 N. E. a N. E. 4 N. E. 4 N.N.W.4 y.N.w. 4 N.N.W.3 N.N.W.2 — 0 X. VV. 2 N. VV. 1 N. W. 1 — 0 — 0 — 0 — 0 S. 1 39 60 33 56 24 50 29 52 35 57 35 68 47 no _ 43 r,4 40 1 N. W. .V. w. .N.W .N.W N. W 0 cli-ar. 0 cli-ar. 0 clear. 0 clear— eveniog calm. 0 clear. 0 clear — evening hazy. lu stratus. 10 snowing ligbtlj'. 10 snowing. 10 snowing — er. wind N. E. 5 8 stratus, blustering. .8'stratils, blustering. Olclear. 0 clear. 0 clear. . s'cirro-slratiis. O'clear. 0 clear, very fine day. 29, .87 .84 .66 .60 .511 .66 .76 .50 .a7 .35 .53 .5;) .39 .32 .43 .45 .43 .45 l!5 N.W .\. \V, N. W. .\. VV. 0 l\. 3 3 0 II 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 S. E. S. E. .\. VV .\. VV 65' N.W. 68, — 61 rv5 .55 70 60 63 N. VV . W . VV . VV, .W clear. clear. light snow — .\. M. misty. misty — evening hazy. misty — A. M. drizzling. stratus — evening elear. clear. dear. cirro-stratus. snowing lightly. misty. misty — evening hazy. ilriz/ling — shower in ni'bl. drizzling. cirro-stratus. cirro-stratus. cirro stratus. cirro-stratus. clear. [the moon. c. -stratus — eve. halo round stratus — A. M. niisly. misty — eve. dtizzling. riiisl>' — .\. M. misty. misty — eve. drizzling. misty — A. KI. misty. misty — eve. nii-ty. stratus — \. M. light rain. liuht rain. cirro-stratus. clear. cirro-stratus. clear, tine day. 9 cirro-stratus. 8 cirro-slralus. 0 clear. 0, clear— eve. light haze. . 4 stratus. . Slcirro-stratus. FitiiiTi.NG Fou " (iPANo." — A Scottish paper thus describes the troubles which hiivo recently occurred at the island of " Icliaboe," where Gua- no is procured, anioiig lliose engaged in oblain- ing Ihe arlicle for expoitalion : Hevolutio.n AT IcKABOE. — Stmngc IIS such a fiict may be, it is not more strange lliiin true. J{y letters which have arrived in town this week, it is stated thai a complele, and happily, ii blood- le-s revolution had taken pl.iee at Icliaboe, al iho date' of the last despalches. It .seems that, in Ihe operalions ofthe first six months after llie is- l.'inil was visited, a host of agents or supercar- goes established themselves on the island.s, erect- ing leiils and lenipoiiiry residences. In n short time ihi'V marked nlftlie ground, mid laid claim to all the principal parts as their own toiin Jidc properly, on behall df ihiuisi Ives and their em- ployers 111 home, erecting loading singes, and sel- ling pits al extravimant prices. Till the revolu- tion no opposioii was made to this mode of pro- cedure, and the consequence wa.<, llitit nltimale- ly no ship, unless llie captain submitted tu ilie 2tl)c iTavmcr'i) ilTontl)ln lUoitor. 45 sharks, could get a shovel's hrendtli of ground to land upon. When an ayent liud n ship loading ut Ills stage, he purposely kept dallying with the work, until another ^^lJip Irotn his house at home would arrive to take up the herth, although there might he three hiuidred other ships surrounding the little island, and waiting for access to the beach. Sipiahlilcs anil small fights were of con- tinued occurrence, and increased until a sloop-of- war arrived to preserve order. Her connnander remained lill he; lielievi^d his presence no longer necessary. Oil the fallowing day the demurring shipmasters held ;i meeting, and it was very soon resolved thai a general leforni should he made instanter. There were ahout three hinidred ships at moorings, and each ship agreed to send her j>ropnrlion ol' men ashore with guns and bayonets, mustcM-ing altogether ahout fointeen hundreil men. Supercargo town was attacked, and its entire popuhitiion put to the rout at the jiointofthe hayoiu-t, and driven directly into the sea up to theii' chins,anil the discomfileil landlords there anil th<'U made to swear, that from that tinie henceforth they h.iil reru)i]uislie. 'I'lie pea crop is a very proliialile one in many situations. Sown on a sod fmrovv, it furnishes an excellent pi-eparalion for wheat, or luiy other crop. Very hot weatlier seems not lo be liivoia- hle to thi^ y////;i;^- of peas ; therefore it is advisa- ble to sow them so early that they may get well advanced before the hottest and driest part of the summer comes on. Peas anil oats are sometimes sown together, and ari> considered profitable. Ground into meal, they form an excellent fi)oil for laltening hogs and other animals; and in the sections where liidiau corn cannot be well grown, are highly esteemed. How to Raise Turkeys. The attention of our readers litis been repeat- edly called to the subject of rai-ing poultry — in the vicinity of our large cities, |)erliaps no stock is so profitable. Some good practical hiiils may be taken from the following, which the editoi- of the New .lersey Jourmd gives as the result of con- sideiahle experience of his own. The young turkey is proverbially a tender chick, and "it is a nice matter to know how to manage him luop- erly.— £-/. VVe believe it is connnon among farmers to say that a turkey's head costs twice as much as it's body is worth when fattened. This we do not be- lieve to be true, if he is properly managed ; huton the contrary, we believe that nothing can lie raised and turned to so great a profit. But Imkeys musi have care, es|iecially when young; but tiiis care will not entrench on the business of the farmer, as it may be done by females or the younger branches of the family, — and beside, the litile damage they may do to grass, or other things, must not be magnified tenfold, as is usually the case. But by proper attention they will do no damage at all. Belore giving our rules to he observed in rais- ing turkeys, let us draw a coinparisni:. There are but few liuiners but can raise 100 turkeys, — tliese 100 turkeys will weigh, svhen liillened, in December, upon an average, seven and a' half pounds each, full dressed. VVe say full dresscrl, for it is the practice \:\ some places to divest the turkey of nolhiui; hut his head and fealhers, and llieii take it t3 market. A practice as uncivil- ized as it is disgusting. These hundred turkeys then will weigh 7.^0 lbs., which in market are equal to I,.50() lbs. of pork. But if the male tur- keys are kept until Febiiiary or Maich, ihey will not only increase in weight, twice the amount of their feed, but the price in market will be much higher. We will now give the rules to he observed in raising and falleniiur ihein loiinded wholly on our experience. Turkeys intendetl for breedei-s, must be kept well during the winter. If put in good condition, however, in December, it takes bi,t little feed lo keep ihem so. Their nests for laying must be made with hay or oat straw under cover, and he well protected from the weather, and from vermin. When incuhaiimi commen ces, the turkey must not be disturbed, and if she does not come from her nest for food atid water, she must have both placed by her on her nest. — When the young turkeys are hatched, ^ihcy may be allowed to remain one day on the nest, or if removed let them he shelliMed in a warm place, tiiul plenly of straw for them to set upon, for ihey are now extremely liable to take cold. The second day feed them with curds, or warm clab- bered milk mixed with a little Indian or barley meal. They must be kept up and fed in this way for two or three days, and longer if the weather should he cold or rainy, but as soon as a warm and ph'asani day come.-:, let them out at nine or ten o'clock, .-0111 shut them 'ip at four — and this practice of letting them out and slinnirig up must. be Ibllowed for live or six weeks, and on no ac- count let ihem get wet. When a young turkey begins lo droiq) there is hut little hope lor it. — There is no danger of keeping them loo warm. When they are live or six weeks
    ii-il wiili xvoriiisat llic lools, provided tliijy liiivB fiiii.ililo arier-euhiire. For iminy ol' the aliovi! sii^i^etiioiis the uriler is iiididiled to R. L. Pell, E:>i(., oC PelluKii, Uisler couriU, New Yoili. Ciilliire of Orchards. — The soil iiroiirid the trees sliriiild lie kept Iciose, either liy spiidiii!:, diii^iri!; wiih ii iimlKick, or liy plotifihiiiji'. It' u criip is put ill llie orehiird, iioiliiij<.' .-iKJidd lie plaiiled at dov\ 11 to inquire about churuiiig, and here is a homily on witchcraft. It is a fad iiiifortunately too well known, that in small dairies of one or two cows — perhaps cows which have been milked tor several monllis — there is often much difference experienced in churning the cream into biilter, especially in cold weather — souielimes the cream is converted into a thick froth, and will not break; at olher times llie butter liinus into small pellets resembling fi~li eggs, and will not gather. Now it is no Iri- lle 10 have all the trouhle anil labor of gathering the cream, and chnrning a whole day — perhaps two or three of ihem — and have to eat your liiick- wheal cakes wiihonl biiller at last. Formerly it was only necessary lo expid the wilcli, and all was right ; but now-a-days, there is no witcli, and we don't know what to do. One thinks her cow is too poor to churn for, and exchanges her for one no lietter, Anotlier can't get buller because her cow was fed on turnips or pumpkins. A third condemns outs straw as leed for cows — and who would not agree with her in thai — and some think that even the oats themselves, ground either alone, or with corn, make iiili^iior butler or none at all. i\'ow all this may, or may not Peso. We think there may be some dilference in cows, and in cow- feed too ; for we see a great diflerence between ihe milk of different cows, and of the same cows uiiiler difl'erenl keeping. Still, as the complaint seems only to |irevail in winter, we think that winter may have soniethiiig to do with it — es- pecially as our cream will churn readily one week, and hardly at all another — cows and food the same. Now ^^ hat do your Cabinet folks say to this? 'i^ou'olieu talk about chemistry. Now can't you tell us what is the chemical process of convert- ing cream into butter — which coustilntes the difference between the two; and what are essen- tial condilions necessary to affect the change ? Do lell us where the cream-pot slio'dd be kept in cohl weather .' How it should bestirred and managed; What put into it ? How the churn should he prepared, &.c. &.c. ? Do tell us all ahoiil it, and oblige a whole heap of You.NG Wives. It would affor'^ the editor no small gratirication, if he Were able to remove a difficulty, which has from time immeiiiorial, for aught we know, per- plexed and annoyed, not only " heaps of Young Wives," hut also any quantity of old ones, who had thought that in most matters they had cut their wisdom teeth. We must, how> ver, leave this to wiser people, and hope some of our read- ers will he able lo render assistance in the prem- ises. There is all all excellent article under the head of Butter, in the Farmer's Ency7 in 1813, which shows an inciease last year of l,4i'8 bales, or 41 1-2 per cent on the inqiort of 1843. The alpacia, or goal's wool, now en- ters so largely into the mauiiliictures of this dis- tiiet, and the demand (()r the fiibrics composed of it, in the whole or iu part, is now so large and incre.-ising, and the growth of it so appaienlly inadeipiate to the demand, that we nuist look for- ward to at least a niainlenance of the very high prices to which the article has risen ; and it may well be feared ihat the rietii'ient siqqilies of al- pacca wool may place a limit on the production of the inanuliieiured aitide more coiitracleil than that which the demand for it would prescribe. To Grow Fj.ve Earlv Strawberries. As it is of great importance, in grxjwing straw lieiries in till' o|ien air, to tnake them |iroduee a fine fruit as early as possible without loss by frogs or sings, &,c., which loss is gejierally verv iire.at, the Ibllow ing plan m.iy be fonnd useful : — Fix on each side of the row ut' strawberries, just before they come into blossom, lealher-edgejl hoards at an auL'le of fifty or sixty degrees. This maybe efl>-cteil by nailing two narrow strips of wood to each board, and pusliing them iuio the ground. The board should be; painted black. This pl'U makes two or three weeks' difference in the rip- .eniug of the fruit; hut glass or an oiled paper frame beijig placed on to|>, makes a greater .lif- ferenee still, ami prevents any of liie fruit IJom being trod iqion or eaten by vermin. This plan at fir,--t sight may appear an expensive one, but it is not so ; any old boards will answer the pur- pose. I have bought old feather-edged boards nt l-2rf. per foot: and. as they are only used in Colic in Horses. An Engli>h Journal ."ays that relief may be alforded by rubbing the liiea.sl of the horse with spirus of turpemiue. If this does not succeed, a small qu.inlity shoidd be giv- en internally. Horses shotdd nevei' be put to se- vere work on a fidl st(uuach. Great injury is done to them by heavy fceiling when on the roail, and hard driving iimnediately after. A horse aecuslomed to o;its, if piu iipiin the road ami f(Ml during the day on corn, afid llieu driven inunediately, is very likely to be kdleil iu the op- eration. The danger is iimeli increaseil it' the weather be warm. — Prairie Farmer. ([J^ Don't begin to plough old ground till the fiu'row will crumble. Green sward is not so much injiued by ploughing when wet. A har- row or a I'ldtivaKu' should be run ovei' Indian hills before the plough isadmittetl. — Boston Cul- tivator. Liquid manure. The efficacy of mine as a mamne is well known in Flaiulers. in China the people are prohibited by Iflw from throwing that ami the excrement away. China is the comiti'v of ex- peiiinenls; ai;es have given to the peojde drs- coveries of all sons, which Europe achieved, but could not imitate; for the Chinese hooks give no scientific accounts ; they give mere receijils for their opeiations. 'Ihe last half century has how- ever given us not only the knowledge which en- ables us to equal them iu many ails, and to sur- pass them ; and this advance among us is due to the jiulicidiisapplication of chemisliy. But how far in the rear is onr agriculture still, w hen com- pared with the Chinese. '1 hey are admiiable gardeners; they know how to give each plant iis proper eduiralion ; to prepare lor its appropriate soil. Among them airriciiltnre has aitamed the highest (li uree of perfection. In that (Country, w hich differs fnuii ours in natural li-riility of soil, they attach very liiileimporlaiii'e to ihe dung ol' animal.-'. Among ns, we have wrillen huge vol- umes, but made ft'W experimenis. In China, ibey never m.innre their grain crops, except with hu- man excrement — while we scatter over our land the dung of animals, liill of all maimer of weeds, the seeds of which aie nm igesled by Ihe ani- mals, and which spiing up wiih great poi\er among our most useliil i l;uils. We need not be astonished, then, that in spile of all our efloiis, the noxious weeds eanuoi lie exiirpateil from mir fields. A eelebraled holani.-l (In^euhonse,) who visited China vvilh the Dutch endiassy, slates llial it was impossible to find in a Chinese field ol grain, ired. Of dry horse duni.', upwaids ol' seventy per cent, is ineje water. The dung of a liojse well fed willi chopped siraw, oals and hay, 1 fonnd to coniain only ten per cent, td' the solid parts of those subslauces. Therefore, in cairving upon your farm two thonsaiul poiiuds of hoise dung, you carry on to it fifteen hmidred pounds oJ' wa- ter, about fiinr bundled pounds of the sails ne- cessary for another crop of hay, sliaw and oats, which yiHir horses have eaten.. These sails are essenlially <'iunposed of phosphates of lime and of magnesia, and silicate roii!.li woi k man-like manner. Great care ^lionhl be taken to have the joints perfect, so as lo excliiili: the light eniirely, and all insects, from ihe inlerim-. Il >honld Im' on the iiifiile aboiil two li-et high, and filieen and (uie-lialf inches on each of the sides. The whole rear part ^hollld be a door, bung on hinges, and laslened with a ha>p or hook and staples. This Miter shell, it will lie perceived, resembles the ohi fashioned Hive, I'X- cept the door on ihe back side, and that Ihe bot- UMii is joined to ihe Hive. But instead of there being one open chamber, with cross slicks to sup- port ihe comb, the inside of this Hive is filled with drawers or boxes, two of which should be placed side by side with a free commnnicalion between ihem by means of thirly-six tluee-fourih inch holes, made in such a maimer lhat the holes in one may come exactly against those in ilie oili- er ; the drawers should be filieen inches high, filteen inches long from front lo rear, ami seven and one-half inches wide; thus filling when placed togi.'tlier in the hive a space of fifteen Inches square, leaving a space on all siiles of one- fourth of an inch, to give room liir swelling and shrinking, and lo preserve a column of air be- tween Ihem and the outside or shell of the Hive ; air being the best nnn-cinidnctor, both prevent- ing the melting of ihe conili by heat and secur- ing it against frost and cold. The under draw- ers should not rest on the bottom of the Hive, but should be ch^vated about one-half of an inch by supports or small sticks on three sides, anu by one passing llnough from Iront lo rear; thus 'leaving ruom lor the filili to ilrop down and be depo.-iled below, whence it shonhl be (deared out as olteii as once in a fiirlnight, in the winter, and as often as is. necessary in the summer. The aperture in rear nialer the lo\\er drawer sliouhl also be clo.-ed by a piece of wood of the same Ihiekiiess iif the siipport.-s, but not so closely fit- led, that it i annot be.lakeuoui without remov- ing Ihe drawers; and by ilyoii can, if you pleojie, bru.-h out and remove the fifili. in a Hive of two feet in liefght there sliould be lint three draw- ers ; two arranged as above desciibed, and the ihiid of the same; size and resting upon them in a horizoiilal posiiiou. If smaller drawers are de- sireil, let them be divided by |a-rp'iidicnlar sec- tions. Consequenlly there would be ill a Hive, if there be but tinee drawers, three apertures in the front of the Hive, for the pinposeof pass- ing the tubes count cled with the drawers, ihidiigh v\ hich the Bees :;o out from and into the drawers. 'I'iie houom of the Iom » st aperture should be one-half of an inch above the bottom of the Hive ; the others should be exactly over this, and ihey all should be eight inches apart from centre lo centre. The tube should be fixed in front of the upper ilrawer in such a manner as lo bring the lower side of the mifice, or entrance, even wilh ibeiiollomol tiieply them- selves to business, and moreover ciuiuot work the cond). The animal heal is not snfticient to keep the space warm enough and they stop work and lie by, whereas in the drawers above de- scribed, they will, in the hnt-y season c;irry on their work dining tin: night and on cold and rainy days, which is selilom the case in the old hive, and can work ctunh some three weeks earli(U' in the s[iring. Again when the boxes ordraivers are small, they do luit appi'.'ir to like it so well, for when there are several small drawers, put in on the top of two wlioh? or hu'ge ones, they will fill the large ones before entering the smaller. — Thev do not seem to like to go olf in detached and small parlies, where lliey do not fe(;l the ex- citement of greater nnmbeis and a larger busi- ness. It is snpposr bbl,-14,U0 No. 1 Sliad, V>-hW, 13,0(1 Ton's i Sounds, p- bill, (),00 H.B.Fili3,p-bbl, 9,00 FLOUR, Genesee, 5,50 Fancy brand, 5,75 Ohio, .\kron, 6,25 Spanldin^, extra, G,25 FRUIT. Figs, 14 Raisins, blue mark 10,00 llliick mark 9,50 Box, bunch, 2,75 FUSTIl'K, Cuba, ^ ton, 30,1)0 Tamiiiio iS.OO Ground, |^ hund 1,75 GLUE, Russian best, 17 American, II GRAI.\. Oals, 37\ cent (?• bu Corn, 67 do do bu Rye, 67 do doliu Beans, 75 ffl 1,.50 Peas, 50® 75 GRINDSTONES, 1st qual- ity, finished, t'>liund. 9,95 Do. do. unfinished, 1,50 HERRING, !;> Iiox, No. I,...")0 Scaled, 75 INDIGO, liensal,. 1,10® 1,75 Spanish float, ...1, 00 rn)I,.50 Manilla, 75® l,'i5 IRON, Old Sable 45 Knillisti, 3| Rail ks, re lined 4 En-ilish, sheet, 6 Russia, do 12® 13 Old Sable nail rods, 5^ .NoTweyian lio ti Com man do \\ Eni^lisl) hoop, 5 American do 4 Shoe Shapes, Am 4.1 Sweden, shoe shapes, A\ LEATHER. New York Sole Leather, Light, 14® 16 Do. Heavy,.... liJ^SlS LI.ME, Thomaston, first qualitv, 1,25 Camden, di blij LOGWOOD, St. Domin- go, IfHon iifla Camp-achy, 97,60 Ground, ^ hund 1,75 MACKEREL, No. 1, \^ bbi. I'3,.50 No. 9, 10,50 No. 3, 8,50 iMDLASSES, Havana 26 .Surinam, 26 'j'riuidad, *^ Porto Rico, 33 SiiLUir House SO NAILS. Hoslon Iron Go's brand, 4\ Old Colony ilo 4< Wevinoulh Iron Co 41 Maiden 4j PLASTER, |l^ ton 5,50 Do. vronnii 6,50 PROVISIONS. Pork Ex- Ira char I;* bbl, 14,00 C.unmondo 12,00 Extra .Mess 11,00 Common do 10,00 Butler, r tb 8® 14 (Jlieese, ntiiv milch,.. .6®7 Four meal, 4® 5 Dried apple, best i\ hund. best 3,50 ROSIN, lF»-l)bl ■.>,50 S.\L^RATUS,fir.stqualilv,4 S.ALT, St. Ubes, ^ hhd. 3,20 Cadi/,, 3,20 Bonaires, 3,20 Turks Island, 3,20 Liverpool, 3,20 Do. tuit;, Wortbingston brand, [f* bag, 2,00 Do. other brands, 1,75 SALTPETRE, crude 8 Do. refined, 9 SEED. Clover, norllieru,.. 9 Do. Boulhein, 1\ Herds grass, (;> bn 1,75 SIIRETINGS, prime V»-yd ..64 SHINGLES, first qualily. No. I, pine, lf> .M 2,75 do. do. do. spruce, J ,75 SHI UTINGS, l|> yard, 6 SHOT, assorted 5* SHOVELS, cast steel, S>- doz 10,00 Steel painted do 9,00 Iron do. best, 8,00 Do. common, 6,50 SOAP, Castile, II Wliite Soap, best, 8 Brown, No. I, 4 F'amily 5 Extra, 6 SPICE.S. C'assia, in mats, 22 Do. ground, 20 Cloves, 30 Ginger, pure, 1\ .Mace, p lb 1,00 .Vutiregs, best, 1,'25 Pimento, whole 12 Do. ground 14 Pepper, whole, II Do. ground, 12 STEEL, Sivedes, best 7J Sanderson, Brother) 4c Co. cast steel, 18 Jcssop & Son, do 17 German, best, 194 Do. coininon, 10 Conch spring, best, 94 SUGARS. Brown (lava- Do. do. fair,. 7 Double refined F.a3l Bos- ton loaf, 114 Do. do. crushed, 114 Do. do, powdered 12 Coiniuon loaf, 104 Porto Rico, best, 8 Purified .Muscovado do . . .74 TAR, \j>- bbl 3,50 TE.VS, Gunpowder, best qu.alily, ((> lb "5 iinperiai, do SO Mvson, do 60 Hyson Skin, do 30 Voting Hvson, common, .35 Do, d.>. fair 40 Do. do. good, 40 Do. do. best, 65 TOBACCO, common keg,..G Good do 10 ('oinmon box, 8 G I.lo 194 Honey Deu.do. beat, ...18 <:avendish ^ ■i.i. very best Do. no. prime, ^rm^rs J!l0titlrlg feitxrr.' " CONDUCTED B>Y ISAAC MIliE^ "Those who labor in ths karth are the chosen i'eoi-le of God, whose bheaSts he has mape hi9 pecuijar detosite for.substa.ntial and obnuime virtue. "^v/^wiofl. VOLUME VII. THE FARMER'S MONTHl,V VISITOR, PUBLISMLU KM ISAAC HILL, & SONS, ISSUED ON THE LAST DAY OF EVERY MONTH, At Athenian BuildiniT. CONCORD, N, H., APRIL 30, 1845, NUMBER -i. Kct'tie, N II.; Thomas '. ; John Marsh, VVash- Waruen, Brinley Ituvv, OS-Generai. Ar.ENTs.— B. Cook. R. UAMftoN, Washingloli City, D, i yigtoi) frt. Ht'Stull, !Mu:^e. ; Chaklki tVorci'ster. Mass, TERMS.— To single subscribers, Fifly Cnt.^. Ten per rout, will be allowed to tbe person who shall senil more Ihtin one subscriber. 'J'weive copies will be sent for the advance payment of Fiue Z>D//t7r.*.- twenly-tive copies for 7Vrt Dollar.^; sixty copies for TtxnUj Dullars. The pajnicnt in every case to be maiti: in nd%"ance. ^fCj'Money and ^-ufnicriptions, by a rcffuiation of the Post Master Oenera'!, may in aU cases be remitted bij the Post Master, free oj postage. 5:^.\U gentlemen who have heretofore acted as Agents ate requested to rontinue their Agency. Old subscribers who come under the new terms, will please notify us of the names already on our books. COI^iCORD, N. H., APRIL 30, 18-15. From Cobbett's American Gardener. Garden Vegetables. Bean (kid.vey.) — Endless is the vaiiety of sorts. Some are divaifs, some climbers ; but the mode ot'ijiopagatiii'; and cultivaliiig is nearly the same in all, e.Ncept that thedvvails leqnire smaller dis- tances than the cliinhers, and tliat the latter are grown xvitli poles, which the /brrner are nor. In this fine counli'v tlieseed is so good, the soil and cliiiiiile so liivurahle to the plant, the use ol' the vegetable so jifcneral, tlie piop.igation and culti- vation so easy and so well understood, that little in detail need be said about them. I preler sow- ing the dwarfs in rows, to sowing them in hunch- es or clumps. It is a groat object to have theiri early, and they may be had much earlier than they usually are with a litlle pains. It is useless to sow them while the ground is cold, for they will not grow till it be warm ; but there are means to be used to yet them forwarder than the natu- ral ground viill produce them. If you have a glazed IJame, or a hand-glass or two, use one or the other in this case ; but if not, dig a hole and put in it, well shaken logethei, acon()le of wlieel- imrrojvs full of good hot dung; and lay some good ri":h mould upon it six inches thick." Then lay on this some of Ihe earliest sort of dwarf- lieans. Put them not more than an incn apart, and cover them with two inches of fine rich tiionld. Bend some rods over the whole, and put the ends of the rods in the groimd ; and every evening cover this sort of roof over with a hit of old carpel or sail-cloth. In default of these, corii-sliilks may do. Do this svhen the winter frost is jnst got out of the gromid, or soon after. The beans will be up in a week's time; and in about a fortnight afterwards they will be fit to re- move. The |)lace for them is uudera wall, a pal- ing, or a hedge, facing the south. Prepare the groimd well, and make it rich. Take a spade, und carry away a part of the beans at a time, and plant them at si.v inches asunder, with as much earth about the roots as you can. Plant them a litlle deeper than they stood in ilie bed. They are very juicy, and may have a little water given them as soon as planted. Shade them the first day, if the weather be warm and the sun out, and cover them every night till all frosis be over.— This is easily done, if against any sort of fence, by putting boards, one edge upon the ground and the other leaning against the fence; but if yon have no fence, and have lo plant in the open ground, it will be liest to plant in clumps, and flower-pots put over the clumps will do for a covering. In Long Island, *a clod or two, or a brick or two, laiil by the side of the clumps, will hold up a large liorse-fiiot fish shell, which is an excellent covering. On the fiist of June, 1817, I saw a farmer at South-Hempstead covering his beans with burdock leaves, while there were hun- dreds of horse-loot shells in his yard. The u;f/iu)!;(tr : this is the best bean of all to eat green. Then there is the Cranberry- Bean, of various colors as to seed. The Lima-Beap, which is never ealen green, (that is, the pod is never eaten,) and which is sometimes called t]ie Butler- Bean, has a broad, flat and thin seed of a yellow- ish white color. This bean ttiust never be sown till the ground is right warm. The other sorts will grow and bear well in England; but this sort will not. 1 raised gooil and ripe Indian corn at Botley ; liut I never could bring a Lima-Bean to perfection, though I put it in the hottest spot I could find, and though cucumbers produced very well in the natural ground at yard or two from it. Beet. — This vegetable, which is little used in Eiiglanfl, is here in as common use as carrots are there. It should be sown in ihe fall, but if not, as soon as the ground is free irom frost, and is dry, in the spring; the rows a foot apart, and the plant eight inches apart in the rows. In order to hasten the seed up in the spring, (if sown then) soak it four days and nights in rain water before you sow it. Put it two inches deep, cover it well, and press the earth hard down u()on it. Sow the seed pretty thick all along the tirill ; and when the plants come up, thin lliem to eight inches apart. Hoe between the plaiile fretpieutly, but not very deep ; because these tap-rooted things are apt to fork, if the ground be made loose very low down while ihey are growing. There are yellow and white beets, a.s well as red ; but tho red ia the true kind: the others are degenerate. There is, how- ever, round or turnip-rooted red beet, which i.s equally good with the tap-rooted red beet. The ground should he rich, but not fresh dunged. — Ashes of wood, or compost mould, is best ; and the digging ought to be very deep, and all the clods ought to be broken into fine earth ; because the clods turn the poin! of the root aiiide, and make the tap short or fi»rked. Fresli dmig, which, of course, lies in unequal qiiauiities in the ground, invites the tap root, or some of the side roots to it, and thus causes a short oi- ibjkeil heel, which, for several reasons, is not so good as a long and smooth one. As to the preserving of beets dur- ing tho winter, it is viell known that the way is to [)ut them in a dry cellar, with dry sand between them, or indeed, without s<»nd or any thing at all between them. They may, if in large quantities, and not wanted till spring, he preserved out of doors, thus: take them up three weeks before the hard frost is to come. Cut oft" their leaves; let them lay two or three days upon straw, or boards to o very nearly to destroy them. When yon have made your trench, put alon;; it some ^ooil rich compost tnamu'e, partly cmisistinj! of wood ashes, not dunj;, or, at least, not ss one of the plats, each coulaining one hnndrcd and sixiy-eight plants. ] shall sup- pose one of these ridges lo he vv.-mted for use before the ftost sets in liir gooil. J^nave another riilge lo he locked up by the frosi, a miK'b sali-r guardian than your cellar or barn-door. ' Hut yon liiiist cover Ibis rid^e over in such a way thai llie Wet will not );i'i ddwn inio the hearts of ihe cel- ery. Two hoards a fiiol wi.le each, their edges on one side laiides of the ridges. This was the way in which I maiiMged all the sorls, only in the case of ihe Kiiigld-Pta I put ihe ridges at .-^ix feet asunder, 'i'liis was, of every sort, the very finest crop ol peas I ever saw in my lili?. When not slicked, and sown upon level ground, peas fill about irregularly, and, in case of much wel, the tinder pods rot ; but from the ridges Ihey fall reg- iil.irly, and the wel does not lodfje about litem. Yi.n walk up the fiirrows lo gather the peas, and nothing can be more beauliliti, or more conven- ient. The cnllnre in the garden may be the same, except ihal the work which is done wiihtliH ploni;li in ihe field, iiinsi in the garden be done with the spade. As lo seasons, the Early-Tea may he sown in the (all. Bui in this case, care must he taken lo guard agaiiisi Hii'cf. Sow about four inches deep, and Iread ihe ground well ilow ii. When ihe frost sets in, all is salt; lill winter breaks up. These peas will he earlier by leu or filieetl days than any that yon can sow in the spring. — If yon sow in spriiiy:, do il as soon as the ground is dry enon;;li to go upon. Sow the May-Pea, some (."^harlelons, some llolspnrs, some Bhio- Peas, some iMarrowlats, and some Knight-Peas, all at the same lime, anil ihey will come one after another, so as lo give yon g.eeli peas lill nearly Angnsi. In June, (about llie middle,) sow some Early Peas again, and also some Marrowfats and Knii;hl-Pea ; and lhe.se will give you |.iiih lill Scpli'tnher. Sow some of each sort middle of .Vn^nsMind they will give yon green peas lill tlm liiirdish frosts come, liiil ihe.-c two last souiiit'S (Jime and Angnsi) on;;ht lo be under llie south fence, so as to get as much coohi'Ss a-' possible. Uapish. — .\ great VMrieiy of soils. Sown ihin in litlle drills, six inches asunder. Sown as ear- ly as possible! in the spring, and a litlle bed, every three weeks, all summer long. The Early Scar- 'it is the best. Radishes may he rai.-ed eai ly in a liol-hed |irecisely as cabbage plants are. ^\)t -farmer's i^Unitl)lij JHsitor. 51 Mr. Gibbs :'— It 1ms lii-eiy fimntf difficult to Siihivate rem-lifs,Raieii|u;s and ollii'i- stone Finil in tills vioinily, l'}' reason (as most people tinnk) of our cold wintcis. Now it niny lie that lids opinion is rrroneous; nrul to test iis truth, 1 would lecoininend to those who Imve such tiees, to ado|it a course laid down l)y VVilliam Kiurirk, Ksq., of Newton, Mass., i>ro- prletor of a " celehrated Nursery" there. Ill conversation with hlui a lew days since, I called his atlenlion lo this suliject, and he in- fornied uie, that hy idaeln;; horse-manure, peat- nnid or eel-,i,'rass around the liodv of the tree at the roots, while the i,'rouud is frozen, and lettin;; It renuiin there initil ahoul the last of May, there ts no tronlile in makiuj; trees live and |iroduce an nhundance of fruit. The reason is ol.'vlons. By this process the frost is retained in the ground about the roots, which prevents the sap from flowiti;;, until the weather becomes sufficiently warm, as not to chill it in the branches, as is the case generally w here this process is not followed, which is the cause of the death of the trees. I would recommend to those who cultivate fnilt to try \t.— Dover (.V. H. ) Gazette. N. Yeast From Potatoes.— As It is sometimes convenient to know more than one mode of ma- king ail article, wo will give you an old method of making potato yeast, which we have some- where met with. "Roil potatoes, of the best and most mealy sort, (for poor, heavy, waxy potatoes are good for nothing lor this business,) till they are thomnirhly done and their skins begin lo peel off. Strip off'ihe skins, and mash them up very smooth, and luit as much hot water to them as will make the mash of the consistency of com- iiiou thick cream. Then add lo every pound of potatoes two ounces of coarse brown sugar, or molasses will answer, and when blood warm, stir In lor every pound of potatoes two spoonsful of old or common yeast. Let this ferment lor twenty-four hours. A pound of potatoes will make'iu this way very nearly a quart of yeast, and which will keep well for three months— so the cook says. She also says yoti must lay your bread eight hours before you bake it. From thfi iS. V. Commercial Advertiser. Blind Deaf Mutes. [From the report of Dr. Howe to the trustees of the Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind we extract a variety of most interesting passages, re- lating to the intellectual progress of Laura Bridge- man — the first dumb and blind person on whom the c.vperimeul ol' education was made under fair and favorable circumstances. Julia Brace was too far advanced in years when the attempt was made with her.] Lauid Brldgeman is on tlia verge of woinan- bood and has been seven years under instruction ; her mind is quick and Impulsive, her curiosity is ever active, her desire to know is Intense, her ef- forts are unreuiiiting, and her teachers are both skilful and diligent ;" yet Dr. Howe says that her acquaintance with langiKige is less than Is ordi- narily possessed by children of six years— so great are tiie ilifficulties In the w.-iy of a human being who has neither voice, hearing nor sight. She is now entering upon the most critical period of her Intellectual e,vlstence — the hazards of which have been unfortunately increased by injudicious though well-meant endeavors to guide her thoughts into regions beyond their scope. To this the report refers In the following jiassages : 1 might long ago have taught the Scriptures to Laura ; she might have learned, as other children do, to repeat line upon line, and precept u[)on pre- cept ; she might have been taught to imittite oth- ers in prayer ; but her God must have lieen her own God, and formed out of the materials with which her mind had been stored. It was my *vlsh to give her gradually such ideas of His pow- er and love as would have enabled her to form the highest possible conception of His divine at- tributes. In doing this, It was necessary to guard, as much ss I coidd, agaln.st conveying Impres- BJons which it would he hard to remove after- ward, and to prevent her forming such notions as would seem unworthy to her more developed reason, lest the renouncement of them inlghl im- pair her cotifidenee in her own belief But various causes have combined lo prevent what seemed lo me the iiattirai and harmonious like other chlldruii, sho must take the consequen- ces of the wlao or unwise Inslruclion given by others. 1 did not long hold the only key to her mind; it woidd have beea unkind and unjust to prevent her using lu'r power of lasgiuige as fast as sho acquired it, in conversation with oiIkms, merely to carry out a theory ol' my own, and she was lell to free communication with many per- sons even before my necessary separation from her of more than a year. During my absence, and perhaps before, some persons more zealous than discreet, and more de- sirous lo make a proselyte than to keep (Consci- entiously their implied promise of not touching upon religious topics, some such persons talked to her of the Atonement, the Redeemer, the Lamb of God, and of some very mystical points of mere speculative doctrine. These things were perhaps not farther beyond her comprehension than they were beyond the comprehension of those per- sons who assumed lo talk to her about them ; but they perplexed and troubled her, because, unlike such persons, she wished that every word . ... . should be the svmbol of some clear and definite her lo her senses ; but no« she answered, "I am kinds of coal, and the nmiiiior of iiiukliig char- coal ; we had just comiiienced the latter subject, when I noticed that she liad left her handkerchief upon the desk. I have always objected to this, and told her lo keep it in her desk.' She has nev- er refused to elf for a while. Whenever I have seen any thing of this kind, the question. Are you angry ? has always recalled idea. She could not understand metaphorical lan- guage ; hence the Lamb of God was to her a bona fide aiumal, and she could not conceive why it should continue so longa lamb, an'' not grow old like others and be called a sheep. I must be supposed lo mention this only as her faithful chronicler, and to do It also In sorrow. — If the poor child spoke Inadverlently on such topics. It was without consciousness of It, and she was made to do so by Indiscreet persons, not by any communications of mine or of her teach- er ; we shall never s|)eak to her of Jesus Christ but in such a way as to Impart a portion at least of our own reverence, gratitude and love. During my absence in Eurojie, 1 received from lier several letters, and among others the follow- lm> : "My very dear Dr. Howe: What can I first say to God when I am wrong? Would he send me good thoughts and Ibrylve me when I am very sad for doing wrong? Why does he not love wrong |)eople If they love him? Would he be very happy to have me think of Him and Heaven very often ? Do you remember that you said I nuist think of God ane then asked the old question — " What shall I ask God first, when I ask Him to give me good thoughts.^ Must 1 say. Lord, Fa- ther, my Heavenly ?" I answered her that she could say just what she thought first, and that satisfied her. I told her that I was glad that she felt better now, and that I would forgive her, and 1 hoped she would never he angry again. She said, "I think i never shall do so again. Why do I feel so very sad after I ask God to forgive me, and when you forgive me ?" 1 told her it was because she felt sorry that she liad done wrong at all. Every reflecting person must see and lament this mode of treatment, hut the best might have fallen into it. It niay he good, it may be neces- sary, " to break the will of a child," but never uji- less we have vainly tried to make it break its own will. A curious feature of Laura's organization is that she seems to have an excess of animal en- ergy, which caimot always be worked off in ex- ercise or motion, and finds an iinpertijct vent in attempts at vocal utterance. Of this the report says — " When Laura feels any strong emotion her chest is inflated, the air is retained a momenl, and then expelled with quickness and force, and is interrupted in its passage by the glottis, tongue or lips, lUus producing a variety of interjec lions. The fart of these broken soimds will be inierest- ing to the philologist, because they form the con- neclinglink between the natural language and speech; two things sometimes conlbnndedi hut which differ widely from each other; natural language is the servant of the heart— speech is the handmaid of the intellect." " Pains have been taken with Laura to suppress her disposition to make these disagreeable objec- tions, for although they maybe considered as parts of nalm-al language, it is hmgu.ige nalmal only to the rudest stale of society— in the lowest developement of intellect - and she is to live in a society where they would l)e disagreeable." " Her teacher was one day talking with her on the subject, and shosving her the propriety of re- pressing these noises, when she said, " she did not always try not to make them." Miss Swift mged her reasons lor wishing her to du so, when Laura said, " but I have very much voice." This «,is tin' truth of the matter; the neivous energy, which rapidly accumulated within her while sitting still, found in this way a partial means of escape; and it was as hard tor her to restrain it, as it is for little boys who have "very much motion in them," to sit still in school when unoccupied ; the fluid accumidates within them until it makes them im- easy, and they relieve themselves trom the press- ure by suddenly pushing or kicking their neigh- bors, or by some move of the body which acts like the opening of a safely valve, anil leaves ihem quiet for a while. She was not inclined to give nj) the argunient entirely, and said in her ilifencc, " God gave me much voice." She yielded, however, and saw the reasonableness of the recpiest, •specially as she had particular hours when she could make as much noise as she wished to do. At such limes she often goes into a closet, and shutting the door, iiuliilges herself in a surfeit of sounds." The activity of fier mind in sleep presents some curious phenomena, among whiih is the fact that her dreaming conceptions seem to he independent of her physical incapacilie.». Dr. Howe sjiys' One tnorning she asked her teacher what she dreaniees, or small pieces, are not likely to sprout so vigorously as large ones. The first food of the young plaol is the substance of the old potaloe, and the greater the supply of this food, the more rapid, of course, is the early growth of the shoot. Il is true that under entirely fiivorahle eircumslan- ces of soil, season, ktc\, the shoot from a small po- taloe or fiom small pieces, may succeed, and the product from them in such cases, may not he much less ; but it is reasonable that the shoot from a good sized and soimd polatoe would he stronger, and less predisposed lo .suffer trom any imlavoiiible influences belonging either to the soil oraUnos|)lieie. 4. I'hmt as early as the ground is in a proper state. Many cases might be cited where early planteinion eonslimtrd a very j^reaT obstacle to improvement. Pa>s throii-li' the country, and we too plainlv see the evidence ol the existence ami conse.jneiices of this habit.— VVe see this in the neglected fences, badly ar- ranged larni-bmlilings and barn-yards— and in lie trees and fruits of the gard,:n and orchard destroyed by the cater|)iHar and cnrcniio. In ottering a remedy (i,r this, Mr. H, would proceed as he slionid do in attempting all ntli.M- great revolutions: that is, he would iiegin uith the nsuuf o-eite,ri(ion. He would endeavor toen- ist the leelingsof the boy, at an early age, in the businesis ol hrs future vocation — would induce him to bring the mind to aid the hands in the proseculiou of his labors. 'J'eacli bim habits o( observation and reflection. Especially induce in Hun tlie observance of systematic rules in the laying out and management of his business. In- duce him to adopt as a motto, t!ie advice of f RANKLiN to his young friend : '• Lay down a lit- tle PLAN lor yourself, and all your operations will become easy." Let him siiidv the principles of his arl-trace effects to their causes, and from we I established truths be able to draw correct and uselul inferences. Permit him not to imbibe the Idea, heretolbre too common, that the profes- sion ol agriculture is a menial drudgerv. fit only forthe igiioraiit and degraded; but show him that It IS a noble calling, where the powers of the mind inay find full scope, and in the study and practice of which, the mysterious and most beau- titii operations of nature are unfokk^d to view Air. H. would particularly encourage boys in' reading books and paper- on siibjetrts connected with agnculiural pursuits. The school libraries may furnish to all our youth an excellent medium for obtaining nseful reading of this kind Excite in ihem. It possible, a habit of reading hooks on natural history. Provide suitable rudimentary works on entomology and botany. As the boV similes these, stnnnlate his interest by periniliincr . hmi to combine the knowledge there obtained with his every day business. When, in his fiel.i abors, he meets with a worm, a moth, or a beetle let hiin put It in a box carried with him for the purpose. On returning home, he will find out Its name and character, and give it its proper place in his entomological cabinet. Mr H. thought the^establishn.ent of a Model and ExpKR.MENTAL Farm, under judicious man- ogement, would he a very effectual means of ad- vancing the agricultural interest, fie ur^ed this matter with niiicli earnestness, and advanced va- rious arguments in fhvor of such an institution r «'■•',"' ''f^'g.n and object should be the decision of doubtlul points in husbandry and rural ecouo- iny. 1 here the various breeds of animals might be subjected to an impartial test, and their rela- tive value for s,,ecific purposes, fkirly made known Theories, deducible from experiments n the laboralory, are being every day thrown be- fore the public. These, wouhl ihce be subject- ed to the test of field cuhuv, -mUure^s taborfdmi/ -and without such tests, they could never be- come safe guides to the farmer. These points will never be decided by individuals actin.. in their ordinary capacity. Some persons are inca- pable of conducting experiments in such a man- ner that correct inherences can be drawn from hem. Others cannot aftorj to risk time and money npon uncertain results ; and others are so biassed in favor of some fiivoiite theory, as to prechule the possibility of arriving at the true re suit of an experiinent. An establishment con- ducted entirely by com,,eteM persons, with a single eye to the ctevetopement of trctk, would be liable to none of these difficulties or obiec- linns. *' ... ______li^^l2rj^_IIMM»ii iiiMiMii..- - - ■■■■■I, 53 or [i .,,?" I^T "',?' °'^-;"' agricultural mis^<,nar,j, 01 lecturer, Mr. If. saul, would, as he believed be an important auxiliary, in connection with other means, of advancing the cause of agricul- Uiral improvement. VVe may find in other^cotm- t esan exainple m point. Mr.filacker of Ireland, and Prof. Johnston of Scotland, have rendered very luifiortant services by their labors of this kind. Jt was not lobe -ixpected, perhaps, that an.ndividnal could be found for this business whose opuiions were in all respects so perfectly orthodox that no one could possibly mkkc any objections to them ; nor was it necessary that a lecturer ot infallibility should be procureil. The grea! benelit which would accrue from his mis- -lou and exhortations would be the stiumlus i;iv- eMio.v,„,|y„|,d ijivesiigaiion. Farmers would ';■ ("■""'•'^^'l-they would devote their thoughts to llieu- business- an examination would be com- menced, to ascertain the truth of any new doc- trines which might be promulgated ; and there- suit could noi tail to be benerifial. Dr. I). f.ee, of the Assembly, observed, that Sirllumphrey Davy had defined Science to be lehned couimon sense." f)r. L. thought the use ol this "science," or this Ibru, of "common sense, wouhl greatly advance the agricultural interesl. He thought the lUrmer should be bet- ter edncated-especially that he should have more ol that kind ol knowledge which would enable him to reap a better return for his labor— would enable him to keep more of what he earns. Ten ■ ays work of llie fuuier. Dr. L. said, frenuenlly (lid not bring him more than one day's work brought the lawyer. Ife thought the diffusion of knowledge, ol the ng-/,< kind, would teiul to equal- ise the value of labor— would advance the in- terest ot the larmer, as well as the whole com- munity. 'f'he meeting was further atfdressed by Mr Belts, member of ibe Assembly from liensselaer comity, Judge Lolaml, of Steuben county, Mr MeVean and Mr. Young of the Assembly, and by Judge Cheever. " ' Judge C. thought the benefits of agricultural societies had not been undervalued. It was a great misfortune to the agricultural interest, that farmers did not act sufficiently in concert. The people of other classes saw the benefits of asso- ciation, and ihey so combined their forces that then- action was felt. Their influence on the policy ot government was obvious. Now be would arouse farmers to the importance of proleclin" their interests-he would have them united and firm in claiming of government iheir rights— the government should know that their voice is not to to be unheeded. At the third meeting, Jan. 30th, the question e Here- lords fiere ; and he only asked a fair trial for them to satisfy others. He however considered mere opinions as of but little consequence in regard to cattle;, he therefore proposed to have the Here- fords tried on their own merits ; and for this pur- pose was willing to put three steers and three cows, to a trial with the same number owned at this time by one man, of any other breed, under such regulations as impartial individuals should deem projier. He made this public offer for no other purpose than to have a fair comparison made with various breeds. Mr. Danforth, of Jeflferson county, member of tlie Assembly, .said he began breeding with what IS ca led the native stock. About sixteen years ago, he purchased a Short-Horn bull of the late Matthew Bullock, of Albany county. Th4 calves produced from this animal and the old stock were much improved for dairy purposes— they were also belter for fattening. He kept them as he bad formerly kept stock. They were more tender m coflstitution— did not winter so well- were not quite so good liar labor— their disposi- tions were more sluggish ; but on the whole, they vvere inore profitable by at least twenty per cenf. than the old stock. Some years since, Mr. D. used a Devon bull in his herd. The cross from him on that of the Short-born bull, had proved excel- lent. Ihey are more hardy, require less foori)|)riety of composting manures. It wai the opinion of the late Judge Buel, and also of Dome other distinguished farmers, that the piactice was useless. Jt was argued that the richness of the n)anure was lessened by ferment- ation. But there was one great disadvantage at- tending the use of long manure, and that was the seeds of weeds, &c., which would vegetate in the land and annoy the fiu-mer. Fermentation in the compost heap would destroy most of these seeds— and cannot this fermentation be ito con- ducted that no loss will accrue to the farmer? The " best method of applying manures," is an important question. He had had some experi- ence, and had endeavored to observe the effects of different modes. lie had come to these con- clueiong— that it was not proper to bury them very deejily, nor to leave them entirely uncover- ed. His soil was rather sandy, and ploughing in manures to the depth of (J or 7 inches had gen- erally been attended with comparatively little benefit, but when they had been covered 2 or 3 inches, the greatest good had been produced. Mr. Solham agreed generally with Mr. NotI in regard to the mode of applying manures. But perhaps one rea?>on why that gentleman bad sup- posed there was but little benefit to be derived from ploughing in manures, was, that he did not wait long enoiigh tor the manure to be decom- posed. He thought ployghing in long manures, for a tenacious soil, was highly beneficial. The soil is thus rendere «ill tmii another fmiow, not on the first, but so the edges will just meet aiul con- tinue to " back turrow," until our land is about half done, then go round the land, keeping every furrow perfectly straight, and straightening all the crooked places, so that one furrow will finish ^\)c ifarmcr's iUontl)lij bisitor. 55 tlie wliole Iffiulli vvillioiit tiirriirif;. How iiiucli betlL'i' iliis liiiiil loiilis lliiiii tlie one |iii(ii'ly ili>iie, ujkI llieli limv iiiiicli iiioiu |pri).-|iecl iil' ii ;;iiihI cr"|>. Evri'v inch ol'fiiiinnil is ImiiUp, anil evi-iy sod is tiM'Mi'd, ,'inil llrH wIkiIu land (iI'i'mmIs a neal tinil woikinanliku a|>|ii'aniiic<'. ISiiI we liad thr- pot(eii ti) strike a liininv ac-ror^s each end nl ihe field, nliont a rod (iorii ihe lence, so lliat we may Imve aiii|>le ronm lor ihe Icuiu to tuni, while llie ends of ihe I'uiiows are even and uniroiiii. The plough ninsi not lie sort'cied to cross ihii lineuii- lil liirned out of the ^'roniid. Soine ot'onr readers may lliiid< it easier to irive direilions than to do the v^tirk. Tosncli we can only say, call on lis any clay in )i|onj;hiMi' time, imd we « ill endeavoi- to satisly you that ue know Enmelhin^' ol' Ihe use of |ilou^li, and that we have spent more time lici«een ihe ploogh-huiidles than in wriiini; liir piihlicaiioii. SInch inijiht he said ol' the propriety of deep or shallow ploii;;hin;.', hut as there is not room in this article we will only remark that in onr jod^'- inenl deep plonyhin^ on almost all soil.- is hene- ficial, especially aCier thai portion of the snhsoil tnrneil ;o the snrliice has lieen some lime exposed to the action of the frost and to the meliciralin^ influences of the lifiht, heat, &c. We do not consider it ceriain that the tirsi crop \s always benefited In deep plonj;hing, hut that the soil is permanently impi'oved hy Mich process there caimol, we think, he the sli;.'htest douhi. The subsoil plou^ih is, however, Ihe article best calcu- lated to improve all our heavy anil releiiiive soils, and il is hi>|ieil the lime is not I'txr ilistant v^ hen it will lie in common use among liirmers as much perhaps as Ihe conimon plough. It may not, and probably will not, be found necessary to resort to deep stirring of Ihe soil every year, but as often ns oiice in every course of crops, or every three or four years, great benefits would be derived from this operation. Neither do we propose to discuss now to any extent the merits of a flat or lapped furrow, al- thi ugh imich dift'erence of o[iinion exists among farmers on this subject. It seems clear that on all wet or tenacious lands the furrow slice should be lapped ; and we suppose the opinion also is generally held, that on dry and porous soils flat furrows are preferable. Of the correctness of this last proposition our own convictions are not very clear, and we continue on nearly all soils to lap the furrow slightly, th;is exposing full one- third more surface and leaving it in condition to be acted upon hy the harrow with good eftect. That llieie has been very manifest improve- ment in the practice of faiiiiers in ploughing their grounds we have the best evidence in the fields everywhere presented to our view, in which the straight and handsomely turned furrows, the smooth and unbroken soil, and other evidences of skill and workmanship all prove that the s(ii- ril of inquiry and id' improvement is abroad, and that a ciiinplete change in this department of ag- riculture is now taking place. We have already alluded to the very great im- provements in Ihe manuliictnre of ploughs, and would again say that without this advantage our present slate of cullivalion would not have been reached. There are many good ploughs in use in different sections of the country, but the farm- ers are slow to adopt ihein in place of old and imperfect itiiplemenls. For illuslration of this fact the writer would state that in the county where he resides there are probably some twelve or fifteen, or even more diflerent kinds of ploughs in use, not more than five or six of which are any where near up to the improvements of the age. Of this latter class the difference in principles of construction is so slight that there may, in fact, be said to be no more than three kinds in use which are really in accordance with the improv- ed principles of construction. Could farmers see and know the advantages of using a g-ood plough, in place of the poor ones so generally in use, they would at once discard four-fifths of the old patterns, and endeavor to use none but a good ar- ticle. The ploughing matches at onr Stale Fairs have been well allended, and much good work done, I)ut there seems to be still room for improvemeni. I think I speak the sentiments of many plough- men in Oneida when I invite those wlio desire to see specimens of skill, or who may choose to try their hand with our boijs at the plough, to at- lend the ploughing match at Utica, in September next. E. CoMSTocK. Rome, X. Y., March, 1845. Grafiiii?. The operation of gralilng is an admirable pro- cess IIS to its importance, as it at]'urds u very con- venient mode of changing the most austere fruit, to the finest that call be hiuiiil in the country, and this change i:j made in a short lime, and with a liiile expense. With a small package of scions and a liltle Ironhle, a large tree can be changed and soon abomir a moiilh, and it may be continued two nionlhs or more longer. Some commence very early in order to get the business out of the way, on account of urgent liusiness that comes on afterwards. Others commence early and continue late, as they have a great deal to do. The most liivorahle time for the scions to take well, and get a good growth, is when the buds are swelling into leaves, but the scions will take as well for a month or two afterward.s, but will not of course grow so large the first season. Some cultivators on grafling very thrifty trees have set in June, to prevent too nipid a growth, and consequent exposure to winds the first sea- son. It is a disputed point whether (ilay or grafting cement is best. Cement is most convenient, and with il grafling can be done with greater expe- dition, and it is generally used. There is no doubt that the tallow in the cement is injurious to the wood, but if the stock he vigorous it will soon heal over and the effect from the tallow will be slight; but if long in healing, the wood will turn black. If the weather continues very dry for some time after grafting, scions will not take so well when set in clay. A nurseryman informed us that he lost many last sfMing owing to the dry weather in April. There are different ways of i)repnring cement, some use turpentine, others use linseed oil. It is commonly made of beef's tallow, beeswax and rosin. One lb. of taJlow, two lbs. of beeswax, and tioiu three to five lbs. of rosin. When the rosin is very hard and black, that is of a poor qnalily, 3 lbs. will be sutHcient, hut if it be of a light color, and almost transparent, .5 lbs. may be used. A good general rule, and easy to be re- membered, is twice as much beeswax as tallow, an.4 twice as much rosin as wax — thus, 1, 2, and 4 parts. We doubt not that by experiments we may make a cement that will answer all the purposes of grafling without any injury, even if the stock be long in healing; but in making experiments we should do it in a small way, until we learn the value of the new com|iosilion. Air. Edward Marsh, of Quincy, informs us that he has used Ireeswax and sweet oil for a ce- ment ; he did not weigh ihe different ingredients, proporiioned them so as to make the cement of a suitable hardness. If our readers succeed in forming a cement w holly of vegetable substances that answers a good purpose, we should be pleas- ed to hear from them on the subject. There are various modes of grafting, adapted to different circumstances, and the time has been when it was necessary to describe them in works on agriculture and liorticulime, as many cultiva- tors of fruit had no other method of learning ; but now in every town, and in many sections in every neighborhood, are persons well acquainted with this process, from whose practice and iu- slinclions any one can harn more readily than Irom descriptions. The process i.-i simple, and very readily learned and easily perforiiied. — Bos- ton Cidlivalor, Jlpiil 19. Valuable Recipe for Whitewash. — Take about a peck of unslaked Louisville lime, and slake it in hot water ; add to llii.s, while hot, alioiit six pounds of lard, or any hoii.se grease; llieii put in about two pminds of iibie, and if for nice inside painting a pomid of Spanish whiting, and a fi.'W handsful of salt. Apply it on wdiile hot. This recipe was obtained from Mr. John Noble, of the Deimisou llou.se, Cincinuali, who has been very succe.ssfnl with this on his biiildingi'. No rain or dampness has any effect to darken this whitewash at any time. To Raise Fi.ne Melo.ns. — Holes two feet bro.id, twenty inches deep, filled one foot wiih garden ruhliish and unroited maiiure.s, beat down b.ird, and watered two or three buckets' fiill, then filled lo Ihe lop with rich soil ; on this spread one inch of fine compost, or well rotted manures, compact, hut not hard ; stick lire seeds, say twen- ty or thirty to a hill, the upper end of the seed to be a lillle below the surface of the compost; brush over the hills with the band to fill (i|i th« holes; then cover the hills with an inch of clear sand, and often watered ; hills ten feet apart, three plants lo the hill left, thinned when the plants have six leaves, then take off the centre shoot with a sharp penknile, and when the side shoots are six inches long, take off all but three ; secure these to the ground with cross slicks. — ffestern Gardener. From the VVcBtern F'.Trroer aiul Gardener for April. Garden 8eeds. It is time that seeds should be selected. Good seeds are the very first requisite for a good gar- den : soil and culture cannot tnake good crops out of bad seed. 1. As a general rule, hiy your seeds. The rea- sons for it are so many and so good, that you will certainly do it, unless economy prevent; but it is better to economise elsewhere. In the first place, seed-raising is a delicate busi- ness ; and f()r many reasons will be better done by those who make it their business, than by those who do not. A reputable seedsman never dreams of raising, liimself, all the seeds which he sells. For example, one sort of seed is let out to a fiirmer, who contracts to raise it in a given soil and manner, and at a distance from all otherseeds. One man raises the beet seed j another man, very often hundreds of miles distant, another sort. — I'eas are sent to Vermont and to Canada, where the pea-bug does not inlijst them. Some seeds, for which this climate is not favorable, are im- ported from Italy, from Giiernsev, just as flower- ing bulbs are liom Holland. \Ve suppose this to be true of Landretli, Thornbiirn, Prince, Breck, Risley, &c. In cases where seeds are raised upon the premises of t!ie seedsman, ihey nie put on different parts of the farm, as far apart as pos- sible. These precautions are indispensable to the procuration of the best seeds of esculent vegeta- bles. Species of the same genus, with open flow- ers are so easily crossed, that, il grown contigu- ously, they cannot be kept pure. AW cucurbiiaceous plants, such as squashes, pumpkins, melons, cu- cumbers, gourds, &c., will mix and degenerate if planted even in the same garden. Let any one who wishes to see how it is done, watch the bee covering itself with golden pollen as it searches for honey in the cells of tlie flower, and darting off to another, mingling the fertilizing powder of the two. In a single morning, ciicumbera will be mixed with each other, and with canteleupes ; squashes will be crossed, and in the next gene- ration will show it. Where Ihe organs of flow- ers are protected, as in the pea, Iiean, &c., by a floral envelope, insects do not mix their pollen. I have never known pnra beet seed raised in a private garden, which bad more than the single kind in it— or when another garden was near which had other sorts. We prefer, generally. Northern seeds to those raised among us. A mere change of soil and climate is often .advantageous to seeds. But, be- 56 ^i}t jTarmcr^g itlontl)!!) IJisitor. Bides this, grcnlcr rare and skill aie usually em- ployed nt the Noitli in producing sound and safe s«e the season. Respect fully, S. Ellis. Orange, April 9, 1845. We sometimes have as good harve.sts when the eyes or the parings only are planted, as when the whole potatoes are taken. At other limes we have known a great falling off where nothing but the eyes were planted. It is not easy to explain why this is the case. We like the rules for planting that are recoui- meniled by our correspondent, with the excep- tion of lint relating to planting eyes only. — Ed. your FroN) the Boslon Floughman. Mode ofPlaiiting Potatoes.— Rot. Mr. Editor: — If you have not closed pa()er against the potato rot, I will state what came to my observation last fjtil. If it is wor- thy a place in the Ploughman, it is at your plea- sure. One of my neighbors ploughed for the first time, about half an acre of plain land, in(dining to a sandy loam; this, he planted with potatoes without any manure in this field ; the potatoes were good. I planted about h;df an acre on intervtde hind inclining to clay; this,] manured in the hill with old manure; this field was about half rot- ten. The next, and last field, 1 will mention, was a peat meadow of half an acre ; this, 1 manurcil with green horse dung in the hill ; ilicrc were but very few sound potatoes in this field. These throe fields lay within half a mile of each other, had the same atmosphere, but a very extremely diflerent soil. In the first mentioned field, there was nothing to decompose. In ihi> second, the old manure fermcnlcd u second time; Examine well the roots near the stem of jieach trees, anil remove with a penknife all the grubs. Their presence is shown by the gum oozing out. To Make Steel. — Steel is made of the purest malleable iron, by a process called cementaiion. In this operation, layers of malleable iron and layers of charcoal, are placed one upon another, in a proper furnace, the air is excluded, the fire raised to a considerable degree of intensity, and kept up for 8 or 10 days. If iqion trial of a bar, the whole substance is converted into steel, the fire is extinguished, and the whole is lelf to cool for G or 8 days longer. Iron thus prepared is called blistered steel, from ihe blislers which ap- pear ou its surface. In England, cliarcoal alone is used tor this jiurpose ; but Duamel found an advantage in using one fourth to one third of wooil ashes, especially when the iron was not of so good a quality as to aflbrii steel possessing tenacity of body as well as hardness. These ashes prevent Ihe steel-making process (iom be- ing efTecled so rapidly as it would otherwise be, and give the steel pliability »iihoul dioiinishiiig its hardness. The blisters on the surface of the steel, under this management, are smaller i>nd more numerous. He also found that if the hai!<, when they are put into the furnace, be sprinkled with sea salt, this ingredient contributes to give body to the steel. If the cementation be coii- liinied too long, the steel becomes porous, brit- tle, of a ihuker IVacture, more fusible and capa- l)le of being welded. On the contrary, steel cemented with c.utli by infusible powders, is gradually reduced to the state of forged iron again. Excessive or repeating in the forge is at- tiMided with the same efl'ccl. The properties of iron are remarkably changed by cementation, and it acquires a small addition to its weight, which consists of the carbon it has absorded from the charcoal, nnd amounts to about the himdred and fiftieth or two hundredth. It is much more brittle and fusible than before ^I)c iTaimci's iUontl)!!) bisitor. onci it may still I>e weliled lilie bar iioii, if it lias Dot been Hised or over-ceiiieiittd ; Lot liy fiir the most iiiiporl;irit jilter.itioii in its inopt'ities is, that It can 1)6 hnidened or softeLied at piciisine. If it be II ude 10(1 liot, and instantly cooled, it allalns 11 degree of hardness uliicli is snfficieiit to cut idmost any otlier «nl)staiu-e ; but, if heated and cooled gradujtily, it Imconies nearly as pure iron, and may, with much the same facility, be man- iifacliired into any deterinined form.— J/ecAa)iic'« Own Book. markably, us, indeed, any one may do even though whirled lhranf,'h the couiilryal llie railway speed with whicli we are now carried, what an extent of nnproveinent has been effected in this respecl. Every one is slriick wiih the appearance of jjiep- aiation for fumre exerlions, which are, at the same lime, the token of well-deserved success.— jLort/ Alanly al the Livei-pool .If^ricultural Jhsocialion. To pRESERVii Eggs.— Dip them in a strong Eoiution of lime, like whitewash i take them out nnd let them dry ; Ilieii pactk them away in pow- dered chalk or plaster of Paris. The "Germans practice this with success. An hoitr at the old Play-gronnd. 1 snt an liour tfi-ilay, John, Beside the old brook stream — Where wn were school hoys in old time, When manhood was a dream ; The brook is choked will, fallen leaves— The pond is dried away, 1 scarce believe that you would know The dear old plane to-day. The school house is no more, John ; Beneath our locust trees, The wild rose by the window side J\o more waves in the breeze; The scattered slones look desolate. The sod tliey rested on Has been ploughed up by the stranger hands Since you and I were gone. The che.snul tree is dead, John, .\nd whal is sadder now — The broken grapevine of our swing Hangs on the withered bough ; " 1 read our names upon the bark, And found the pebbles rare — Laid up beneath the hollow side, .\.>i we had piled them there. Keneath the grass-grown hank, John, I looked lor our old sprini:, — Th.at bubbled down the alder path, 'I'hree paces from the swing) The rushes grow upon the brfnk. The pool is black and bare. And not a foot, Ihis many a day It seems has trodden there. 1 took the old blind road, John, That wandered up the hill. 'Tis darker than it used to be, And seems so hme and still j The birds sing yet upon the boughs— Where once the sweet grapes hung, But not a voice of human kind, Where all our voices rung, I sat me on the fence, John, That lies as in old time, The same half panel in the path, VVe used so oft toTlimb, And thought how o'er the bars o( life. Our play-mates had past on. And lelt me counlingon this spot The laces that ore gone. Progress of E.nglish Agricultdrf..— Farm- ers are finding out that it is necessary for them, with a view to their own interests, to' take a very different course from ihat which was followed h\ their .srandfathers ,ind f:i'e--it-{,'raiKllathor.«. \n these (lays, no man is allowed to stand still. Im- provement must go on. And 1 see ihrou-honl the country, in every part of il, gtatifyintr proofs that improvement is going on, as actively in the agricultural as in the manufacturing districts and operations of the country. Even within the la'-t lour or live year.s, 1 see strides which, small as they may be compared with what might be done are gigauiic when cotnparcd with what was done before. 1 think it is not more than four or five years ago, that, at ,-, n.eeling of the Roval Agri- cultural Society of England', I first noticed, as a noveliyofa singular character, a new manure, known as guano, and recommended to the a-ni- cnlliinsts of England. If I ,im not misinforu'ied, from the port ol Liverpool alone there have gone out, within this single year, no less than I.^O^vr- sels. chnrterrd e.xpressly for ihe purpose of ini- liorting tins then unknown manure for the im- provement of the agriculture of the country Everywhere I see old and useless fences disap- pearing, fields enlarging, improved modes ot ciil- iivation adopted ; and I see going on will, i,,,. mense rapidity that which, I must atrain and again impress upon you who are connected with the laud, is the basis of all im])rovemenl— deep and through drainage of the laud; and not here ulone, but throughout all England. I see most le- So.METHI.fQ NoVEt A GRE.4T CoRr* .ShELI.- ER.— Having occasion dnri'itf the List week to call at the machine establishment of Mr. James Wurray, al the head of the basin, in York street our attention was called to the fitting up of a corn sheller, on a new principle on board of an iron steam. 'r, l>nig at an ailjacent wharf, and we availed ourselfofthe inviialion oI'Mr. I\li)rrav, to be present al the trial of the siieller, prior to' the departure of the steamer to the scene of its fulnre operations. VVe were accordingly summoned on Ihnrsday to give our attendance on board a new iron steamer, bnilt in Pennsylvania, and bronghl through the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal to this city, to receive the machinery for the opera- tion of corn shelling, which was being prepared by Mr. Murray ; she Is called the Loper, alid is In- tended for the Roanoke and Norfolk trade. The machinery for shelling Ihe corn aj.penrs to be simple, and is a permanaut u.MUre to the vessel. It is placed on a high upper deck, and has a hop- per, into which the corn is to be spouted from the batiks of the river, and passes from the sheller into a st^reen, wliich takes otr the corn lioin the cob, the latter being carried by ihe screen several feet to take it out of the way, w hilst the corn drops into the hold of the vessel wilhout handling, and is thus ready for delivery atttliy market for which It may be intended. The machine is worked by the steam power by which the vessel is propelled, and it may seem almost incredible, nevertheless Mr. Murray and the owners, one of Whom was on board, are coufideut of its capacity to shell not less than 600 bushels of corn per hour, the day through! and frmn the manner in which it used up that which was at hand for the trial whilst we were present, we have no right to doubt for a moment ot their expectations being fully realized. The owners are Mes.«rs. Antony & Harris, and the one present was in ecstacies at the perlbrm- auce, being thoroughly salisiied tliat it would accomplish all that had been anticipated. We learn that to Mr. Petiigrew, an eminent planter ot N<,itli Carolina, is duo the credit of the plan of this invaltiable machinery, and he was fortunate in ills selection of such a master of his art as is Mr. Murray, in carrying into execution the sug- gestions of his mind— and we sincerely hope that all iulere.sted in the matter, will be 'amply re- munerated (or Iheir ingenuity, skill and e'nter- prise. — Baltimore Farmer. I'rom the Albany Cultivator. Spring Grain. E,vceptiug Ihe liahiliiy of spring wheat to be atliicked by ilie insect improperly termed " wee- vil," we belie\ e il may be assumed as a rule, that spring grains generally succeed be^t when sown .as early in the season as the ground can be brought into a proper slate to receive ilie seed.— For oats, in particular,and especially on light soil.s, our experience leads us to prefer an early seed lime. In this latitiule, the ground freipiently be- comes so far settled during this monih, that warm, light soils may be sown. The proper quantity ol seed per acre, is a matter on which much di- versity of opinion prevails. From one and a half to Jive bushels of oats are sown by different far- mers, lu our opinion,theqnantilv of seed should be varied according to ihe nature of ihe soil, and Ihe ti^nie of sowing; so that no fi.sed rule can be laid down. Of the grain we are now speaking of, we should use fioin two to three bushels per acre, in the ordinary mode of sowiiii;. And we would here remark, that our experience has shown that /fsj seed is required on rich than on thin sod. The reason is this : That in the first case the abunilant fiioil the plant receives indu- ces It lo titter, or spread ; whereas in the latler case but a single seed stem, perhaps, is thrown up. It should therefore be made an object to sow on thin land as much seed as will be sure to cov- er the ground at once with a sufficient number of plants, for if this is not done, weeds, or .some foul gnuMh, will be sure lo infest the soil lo the injury of ihe crop. As regarils the practice of sowing four or five bushels per acre, as we have mentioned is some- times done, we must confe.ss we have seen no satislactory evidence of its expediency. For barley, a loamy soil is considered pre(L-r- al)le; we have, however, seen good crops grown on quite stiff clays, properly draineil and worked. We have sown Ivom two and a half to three bush- els per acre. For wheat, loamy soils, which coniain some ime, are best. We prefer sowing „l„,i,t two bushels ol seed to the acre. We remarked above tiowever, Ihat the quantity of seed depended somewhat on the lime of sowing- ihns, early sown gram has more time to tiller, and itaclnallv will spread much more than late sown. In ouV reoiarks about the quantity of seed, we h.ive had only 111 view the ordinary modes of .sow ing ; „o doubt IS entertained that by the adoplion of oth- er modes, much seed might be saved. Sowing or plauluig in drill.s, by maehine.s, has been much practiced in England, and to some extent in this coutiliy, and so far as we have known with suc- cess. Dibbling, or planting in liilLs, is also some- what practiced in England under the <:llolment system. In this way a few qnnrls only of seed IS enough (or an acre, nnd the product is very great, making an average, in some districts, of (orty-eight bushels per acre, lint it must be rec- ollected that under this system the ground is hoed and kept clean while the crop is growing—the cheapness of labor, and the deariiess of land justifying the course. But the American flirmer would hardly find his account in bestowini: so much labor in proportion to ihe quantity of eroimd and the quantity of produce. We have said that spring wheat is liable lo be injured by an inseci. We think that which is sown early is most subject to injury from this cause. I( the sowing is deferred till the latter part ot May, it is thought the sensonof the wornj becomes past before the wheat is sufficiently ad- vanced to be injured by it. But as the late sown wheat IS more liable lo injury (iom rnsl, &c., than early sown, the farmer must make his calcula- tions as he best can, which enemy is m.,M ft,,- midable, or in what course lies Ids g'reatest chance of success. Peas, for early use, cannot be sown too soon afler ihe ground is dry enough to work. Select a warm piece of ground, rather sandy, and do not put on too much rank or strong manure, as it lends to throw the peas too much inlo vines. The pea crop is a very profitable one in many situations. Sown on a sod furrow, it furnishes an excellent preparation for wlieat, or any other crop. Very hot weather seems nol to be favor- able to the /fWmg- of peas: therefore it is advisable to sow them so early that they may get well ad- vanceil belbre the holiest anddryest part of the summer comes on. Peas and oats are sometimes sown together, and are considered profitable. Ground into meal they (iirni an excellent food for fattening hogs and olher animals, and in seclions where Indian corn cannot well be grown, are highly esteemed. Corn and potatoes cnltivaled in alternate row.s, increases the product of the potatoes one-lcjurth. Effects of Ashes.— Mr. Peter Crispell of Hurley, Ulster county, informs ns that he raised last year, on one acre of laud, three tons Iwclve hundred and eighty pounds of hay, at one crop. The hay was in men.-haniahle coiidiiion and of good quality, as it will appear (Voiu the fact that it was sold at eight dollars per ton, and wa.s all weighed on the scales. The spil where this crop grew, was a dry, loamy alluvion, and had been in grass many years. Last spring ,Mr. C. spread on a hundred" bushels of leached ashes to the acre, which cost eight cents per bushel.- Tlie ashes increased the qiiautiiy of hay nearly one-half, and from former experiments iii the useof ihem. it is known that iheir effects continue for several years. Mr. Crispell has made some trials wiih both leached and unleached ashe.s. and ihe results, in his case, would seem Ki show that Ihe iinleaclied are not more valuable ihaii the leached, lie thinks that ashes vvhicli have laid some time afler being leached, are much more valuable than when they are applied immedialely afler leaching. He inlorms us that this is also in aceonlniice witii the exj.erience of several of the Long Island fur- 58 iS;i)e iTarmcr's iHoittl)ln bisitor. mers willi vvlioiri lie lias coiiveiseil. We are aware tluit resiills ilo not apppai' to have been uniloini in regard lo the action of ashfs, hut we have heard Ihe same views as are held hy Mr. Cris|iell frequently given hy other farmers. — Cul- tivator. Grc;b Worms. — A person writing to the New Genesee Fanner says that afier finilin"; that the griili wiirni was nilliiij; off his corn and calihaiies at a sad rate, he tir,-t ajiplied ashes, then soot, then Srotcli snuff lo the hill, hopinsf to destroy or drive away the worm, hnt it was all to no pin-- pose. lie afterwards applied two lalile spoons'- i'nl of iart to each hill — pl.icinf;- it so as not lo touch the plant. The wornrs left iroMiediately. In some cases salt mriy be an effectual remedy. We have known inslaiines, however, in which the appliraiit)!! r)f a much larger quantity had not the desired effect. Apples PRESERVfjn Eiohtee.n Months. — It will lie seen liy the follovviii;{ note to the Mon- monlh Enquirer, of New Jersey, that the most usefid if not the most rlelicioiis (iiiit of our rli- Miate, may he preserved almost an indefinite pe- riod in the fullest perfection. The apples here Bpoken of have been preserved some eighteen months: Mr. Editor: — I send yon an apple which I bought in the fall of 1843, of my neiu:hlior, Tho- iiiiis Meirs. Ainon;; others, it was put into my cellar, in open casks; and about the Isi of-fami- iny, 1844,1 overhauled them and put three bar- rels away, packed ill plaster of Paris — first a layer ol' [ilasler, then a layer of apples — and so alter- nately till the barrels were tilled. They were then headed up, and stood in the cellar till the early jiart of last snmiiier, when I overhauled and assorted them, and put them awaj in a box, in layers of dry oak saw-dust. The box had a lock and key, and has been kept lockeil up only when we frot apples out to use. We continued using out of the box, occasionally, till some time after early apples were ripe, and 1 supposed they were all liseil out, but on town-meeting day, the lltli of March, 1845, (it being stormy) I tohl my man lo assort my apples, and fill that bix again with apples and saw-dust. Upon unlocking the box, and taking the saw-dust out, lo our surprise there were three apples in the box, and all of them perfectly sound. The apple I send you having been since that time kept in a warm room, has romiiienced, as you perceive, lo rot. The above is submitted, respectfully, for the benefit of all lovers of good apples. Yours respectlully, .Iames Lawrence. March 18, 1845. Running Bea.ns. — The prettiest way for a man who cnllivates but liiile land, lo raise Fiisown dry beans liir next winter's use, is — not lo plant the bush kinds by tlieinselves, for litis will require loo much laud, as ihe product is small — but to raise w liiie pole beans. The common case-Unife beaii" arc excellent for this purpose. Strike out a dozen or more circles on the groiiiid, as large .-is a cart-whi'd. Put a wheel- bnirow load of manure into it, and spade it U|> with llie carlh. Drop the seeds in the circle, on the outer edge of llii! hill, say six inches apart. Then insert eight or leu pedes just within the cir- cle, at eipial distances from each other, and lie the lops of the whole logcther — forming a cone. Cover up the seed, and wait the result. Each of these hills will yield you a peck or half biislad of dry beans next fall — « hicli if you liavo hilt a doKcn such hills, will give you per- haps, half a dozen bushels. This will be enough for your purposes. By this course, but a little land is occupied. Pole beans will yield very much more ahnndantiy tlnm bush beans, and oc- cupy air, whilst the latter must have ihc surliice of iho eurth. Lucerne. This, says Ihe IMaini^ Cultivator, is a most de- sirable gr.iss For several years past it has been cultivated more or less extensively In Maine and Massachuseits, as well as in various sections of New Hanqishire and Vi'imont. Perhaps there are few grasses in reli'icnce to which the expres- simi of public senliiiient has biHui more (lecidedly and universally (iivorable. It has been cullivated in Spain, Italy, France, England, Seollaml, Ire- land, Wales, Flanders, and on ull the sliores of Ihe Medilerrancan, as well as in most of the countries of the F.asl. As early as the days of the Greek and Roman Republics, its value was well imder-lood, and minute accounts, both of its properties ami the mi.ilus operandi of ils cultiva- lion, are extant in the literalme of both these na- tions. Mr Low, in his " Practical Agriculture," recommends sowing it broad-cast in the spring, in the same manner as clover is sown. Hysome, however, the drill meiliod is preferred, as aflind- ing greater facilities for weeding, and keeping out spurious vegetation, by which its vigor is con- siderably diminished, ami the crcp of course ren- dered of leSs value as a feed f()r stock. As it is not adapted lo grow under the shade of other plants, it is recommended, when the broad-cast system is adopted, to sow without a cross — allow- ing it the entire range of pasturage contained in the soil. Like all cullivated forage plants, Lu- cer:ie gradually yields to the encroachments of grasses and the harder indigenous plants — a cir- cumstance which corroborates the superior ail- vantage of cultivating it on the ilrill system, or rows. From sixteen lo tweniy pounds of .seed are required to the acre, though some sow inindi more, often as many as thirty pounds. This, however, we consider a useless extravagance, es- pecially where the soil has been prepared by deep ploiigliing and Ihe application of manure. In England, Lucerne is land on the coast of Africa, and many more were expected. Allowing 400 tons to be the av- erage tonnage of each, it is believed lhal, in the course of the current year, lliere will have been received fVom that island 70,000 tons, besides 30,0U0 tons from Peru, and lhal, after various ex- periments, increasing every year for the last tour years. In short, its effects have been most beiie- licial on all the crops to w hich it has been applif-d, in Knglainl and in America. In Maryland, last year, it had a powerful effect on the tobacco beds, not only in accelerating ihe growth of the plants, but in the prevention, or destruction of the fly. .And Mr. Pleasants, of Peteisbiirg, saysthat even when he applieil liiit one hundred pounds to the acre mi wheat, the effect was most striking. "Guano," says a respectable and disiiiierested writer, " is tilso of great use lo the vine ; and it is admitted that the district of Moqnegno owes the abimdiince anil quality of its wines to Ihe ap- plication of this kind of manure in the early stages of its growth." " It noi only," says he, " gives health and robustness to trees and shrubs, but also enhances the beauty and flavor of Eu- ropean as well as indigenous fruits." Ulloa afKriiis that nowhere are the grape, po- megranate, peaidi, apricot and quince, so beauti- ful and well flavored as in the Peruvian valleys, where guano is .applied to them as a manure. — He says llie same of the chirimoya (a delightful Iriiil, for a knowledge of vvhich lam indebted to Mr. Compino, fiirnierly minister liom Chi'i,) and other fiiiits, and his testimony is fully borne out by that of other iravellers. Attainino Wealth Sdddenly. — ."Vmong ihe various means of attaining sudden wealth in this country, ihe discovery of a popular " patent" med- icine has often proved singularly successful. A letter from New Y(tf4i, published in the Charles- ton Cornier, cites various examples in point. — Braiidrelh, with his pills, has risen from a poor man to be a man of extensive forimie. He baa now at Sing Sing a three story factory for grind- ing his medicines. .Aloes are carried into it by the ton, and whole cargoes of the pills are de- spalcheil lo every part of the Union, and down everyliody's throat. He has expended ihirty-tivo thousand dollars in a single year for advertise- ments. Coniitock begnii with nothing, bill by crowding his patent iiieilicincs, has been able lo purchase one of the finest houses in Union Place, and gives niagniliccnl soirees, suppers, &c. .Mof- fat, adding bitters to pills, has run up a liandsomH liirlune of nearly $300,000. Slu'ruiaii, taking the lozenge line, has emerged from his liille shop in Nassau slreel, into ii buyer of lots and houses by the wholesale. 1 need not mention Svvaim, of Philadelphia, who by pouriiis his panacea into people's stomachs, can aff nd lo buy n single head pearl for his ilaiigliter worth Sf.iO,000 — lo prove Ihat wc arc a pill-eating and bitters-drinking peo- I'''-' ___________ Planting Corn. — Drop six grains in each hill at first, in miler to ihin lo three plants ; pluck out the weakest. Preparation of Seeo Wheat. — By sieves of suitable size the largest and best iiraiii may be separated ; by washing in water light seeds, of various kinds, and the lightest irrainwill swim and may be skimmed off. By adding salt to the water, w hich will increase its specific gravity, all impciii'cl grains, and bai ley and oals will rise to the surface. Then it will be well to steep llio seed a day or Iwo in salt water; after which add half a peck of fresh shirked lime lo a bii>liel of grain, mix thoroughly, ihat every kernel may be- come coaled with lime. Let it remain half a day ^I)c ianiKv's iHontl)!]) Visitor. 59 or a night after liming, nnd tlieii sow. The lime Hnd cah lire a remedy against sftiiit, as has been proved in nnmerons case?. We linve never known it to fail, ihoiijrh nnpreiiared seed sown at the same lime heside the limed has been much Bmutiy. — Boston Cultivator. Another Lnventio.n. — Colonel Reed, of Bos- ton, has hit upon an invention, which, if success- ful, is likely to he a formldahle conipelilor to Morse's mnirnelic tele;.'raph. lis chief purpose is to transmit letters or packages any distance, e with the rapidity of liirlilninir. The Boston Post says : "The process hy which this is accomplished is very simple, consislin^ merely of an air-chest vvhii-h is charged willi air hy a force-pun)p con- tiguous Ui the Chest. Whin the chest is suf- ficicnily cliarjied with air, tin; letter or package is placed in the feeder, and it is immedialely discharged through the piiie with great velocity and perfect safety. Col. Keed, the inventor, is of opinion that an oiulay of S60,000 would ensure the transmission of letters and packages between Boston and N'ew York, with perfect safety, in the space of half an hour. Relative Rank of Commercial Nations. — The fDllowiiis is the nmuiint of tonnage owned !>y several of the leading commercial nations of Europe and the United States. It will he seen that this country ranks next to Great Britain, and far ahove any other European power: — Tons of Shi|)(iiiig. Great Britain, 3,047,418 Uniled Slates, 2,158,602 Franco, 589,517 Norway and Sweden, 471,772 Holland, 375,094 Prussia, 222,094 Two Sicilies, 214,198 Austria, 208,.551 . Turkey, 182,000 Sardinia. 167,300 Denmark, 153,400 Spain and Portugal (each) 80,000 RuBsia, 50,000 hocin<; twice, 3 days work, harvesting, 3^ days work, 2,25 2,63 gi.ao 1.50 M 3.37 2.'i5 g'jo.sa The product was 70i bushels— at 4s=$35,25 —20,e8=S 14,37, for the use of the land; or the corn cost, besides the use of the land, $0,29,0 (ler hiishcl. Experiment No. II. The other acre was cidtivaled as follows: One- tenth was planted in hills three feel hy Iwo feet apart, six kernels in a hill, and tvithout any manure. The account of the cost of cullivution is us fol- lows, reiluced to acres : To pIou^'hiniT and harrowing one acre, lilarumi; 2 day8, c'jllivaUiig, hoeing Iwicc, 4^ days, harvebllMg 3 days, The product was sixlvand one-quarter hushels to the acre, at 4s=S30, 12— 9,12=821,00 for the use of Ihe land ; or the corn cost, besides the use of the land, $0,15,1 per hushel. Experiment No. HI. Anoilier tenlh was planted the same distance aj.art, nnd the same luimher of kernels in llie hill as ihe last, and was nuinnred, hy filling each fur- row, as it was ploughed, lull of harn-yard ma- nure, unfermented — the amount used being at Ihe rate of 150 loads lo the .acre. The cost of pro- duction was as follows, reduceil to acres : To plounliing and harrowing one acre, ^1.50 2 men lo fill tlie lurrows with manure, 1.50 2 days work planting, 1.50 4^ days hoeing, 3,37 cullivalincr, 50 3 days harvesling, 2.25 150 loads of coarse manure, 18.75 From the Albany Cultivator. Experimeuts in the Culture of Indian Corn. We are indebted to our friend, George Gcddes, Esq., of Onondaga comity, lor ihe following de- tailed account of several experimenis made by him, with great care, the past season, in the cul- ture of Indian Corn. They will he read nilh interest, and our readers svill hu gl.id to learn that these experiments will be continued with the same exactness the ensuing season. Mr. Ged- des says : — The soil is a deposit of gravel mixed with sand nnd clay, resting upon a gypseous shale. The previous coiir.se of cultivaiion has been as fol- lows, vii! : In 1837, a crop of corn was raised on a heavy sod lurned under that spring, and slight- ly manured wilh harn-yard manure. Titt! yield was cstimaled at 65 hushels to llie acre. In 1838, corn was again raided, and wilhont any iiiaiinre ; estimaled to yield 50 hushels lo the acre. In 1839, it was sowirsvilh oal.<, .nid yiehhda very heavy crop. Grass seed was sown with the oats, which succeeded well. The next four years il was pastured. Plaster was put on both corn crop.s and on the oats, and once or twice on the pasture. The ground was ploughed about ihe tirst day of May, si.v inches deep, and planted on the third and fourth days of that nioiith. The vaiiely of corn was the improved Dntton; that is, Dutlou that had been selected from the earliest ears for a series of year.=. Experiment No. I. One acre was planted in hills three feet apart each way, six kernels in ihe hill. Fifty loar till the expenses of piling and rolling it. The cost of the gypsum, too, will he hut slixdit, as hut little is reqiiiied ; merely enough lo whiten the heap. The corn will then li:ive its stimulus at the lime it needs it most; ard hut few weeds will spring up from the manure. All these con- siderations lead me to prefer fine manure to coarse. Il is worthy of remark that in No. 2, where no m;mure was used, thai the yield was CiO'i hiisliel.s in No. 3, w here 150 loads of imfermeiiled ma- nure were used, the yield was 70 bushels — a g;iiii 60 ®l)C laxmtt's itTontl)hj fatsitor. of 9J liii.sliels to be Jiscribeil lo the riinriiire ; in Ni). 4, witli tlie like ainoiint of uiifeniieiiteil mu- iHiie, iiriil 25 li);i(ls ol' fine iiiaiiiiie, the |iioiliii;t was 80 hiishi-ls — a jjain of" 10 liiishel.s to he as- ciihed to the tine iiuiiiiire — sl)Owiiig that one load of fine is unnh more than six loads of coarse niamiip. While No. G, which was inanined with the fine only, yielded (».J h'lshels — a iiain of 5.J bushels lo be ascrili"d to the same amount of fine nianme. Showing that one load of fine is worth ahont three atul a quarter of coarse ma- nure. J5nt the land on which No. G was lai^^cil, was not as rich as Nos. 2, 3 and 1, owin^ to ihe fact that it was .so situated in tlie fiehl that it had not been as highly manured in tliose ye;us fiujie by, when manure was oidy drawn out of the barn-yard " to j{et rid of it." Nos. 2,3 and 4 were nearer the gate, and had lieen served about alike, anil finnish the fairest test of the value of the different kinds of (nanure. Souie of the results obtained by these experi- ments were unexpected. The highest yield is very lar below the great crops that have been re- ported. I know not why a humlred or more i)ushels to the acre were not raised on No. 4, will: niamire both on top and under the t'uri-ow, arnountinff to 150 loads of coarse and 25 loads of fine to the acre; and that, too, alongside of land that without an;/ manure, yiehied more than 60 bushels to the acre. I purpose the next year to plant all of this grouiul with corn, and carefully measure the product of each piece, with a view of learning the efiects of this manuring for the second year. Geo. Geddes. Grafting Currants.— The Gardener's Chron- icle recommenils fin- the pretty appearance ()re- Sfiited as well as firr improved flavor, to graft currants of difl^erent colors, as the red, black and white, variously intermixed, on stocks trirmned up lo a single stem three orlbu r feet high. The tops may he headed ilown to a dense compact liead, ^<' the siiil will be less wet in great rains, and more moist in great thought. Where the subsoil is used, in comparison with only the couiinon plough, the yield will be fitly per cent, more, and the ciop in dry weather always green. The subsoil phiiigh has dwdifed' and' li'etpiently tnbled the crops — Parmer and Gardener. turned into the fields to eat grass, and be wash- ed, as other beast are, by the rains and dews ol heaven, and in all respects let him be treated, humauly, like a brute. Why, look at it. More of the corrupt iruitter of the bodily system passes ofi" through tlit^ pores of the skin than through all other ways. But if the skin be dirty, and filled up, as it always is ulien not oflen washed, with a gluey substance, the perspiration is retarded, and the corrupt par- ticles retained in the blood and flesh, lo reduce the strength and bring on disease. So this |>er- spiratioii cannot go on well, if the clothes be dirty ; besides that, the skin .absorbs the filth from the clothes, and that passes into the b!<^M)il and corrupts it. But enough. They who will live in dirt, let them live the life of outcasts and die ihe death of brutes. — Social Monitor^ (-'lkanliness. — Cleanliness and health go hand ill lianil. Filth is the hamfmaid of disease. The Americans urc^ not remarkable for clean- liness. 'I'iie Want of tt, is one of our mo.st prom- inent vices. No one should twer permit tventy-fonr hours to pass without thoroughly washhig the entire body all over. Yet how many ihcreare who per- lliit year after year to go by wiihout ever foi' once giving themselves an entire cleaning. Clean dollies, too, are also impcn'tant; solhcy are very esseniial lo the appearance, as well as the heallli. No costliness of dress, if that dress be diny, will give luie a respectable appearance. On the other hand, a very plain, but clean .appa- rel, looks well. What should be done with a fillhy person? — First, III' should be taken by process of the law, tinil wasbid. Then le' slmnhl lie put upon his good behavior, and if he still remains (diNin, washing all over al li'ast every day, and wears clean apparel. In: shoulil be irealcd like a fellow- biiiig, and :i Christian. ){iit if he returns to his filthy habits, let him be read out of good society, American Provisions in England. The ibilowing condenseii tiom a letter pub- lished in the Mark Lane Express, from y. & C Kirkpatrick, of Liverpool, appears in a late num- ber of the Cultivator: The strong prejudice which at first existeii against American provisions, and for which there was good reason, in the inl'eriur »- this article, owing to the prejudice which the in- ferior character of the first slii|imeiits naturally produced ; but the imports have been latterly of better quality. The Americans may have the exctus'me supply of this article, if they will avoid the faults in cutting and packing which have formerly been attached even to their best brands. Complaint is made that some of the late parcels were very dark in color, supposed to have beei» caused by a bad quality of salt, or badly seasoned casks, rhe casks have gein rally been made too large, allowing the meat to roll about ; lliey should be made of such size as to admit the re- quired quantity with tight packing, leaving roon> for a good heaving of salt. The meat too has oflen been most irregularly messed, the pieces being of very unequal sizes, whereas they shoolcl be cut as nearly as possible eight pounds^ and should be cut square and com|)act. Pork has had less difficulty in finding it.s way into the English market, and less care has coti- seip.iently been taken by curcrs in properly pack- ing it. The position of the trade is therefore about the same that it has been for two years |)ast ; but it is capable of great extension if due care is only taken to suit the market. Prime mess pork should consist of 50 pieces of four lbs. each, from hogs v eighing KJO to 200 lbs., every part being packed except the bead and legs. it is important that the meat be firm and well fed, and free from the oily character which American pork generally possesses. It should reinaio 3l> lionrs after being killed, in order that it may be- come cpiite cold and firm, before it is packed. Cheese. — The import of this articli? to Liver- pool during the last iwcUe months, was soiiie- vvhat over 1400 tons; while the steady and pro- gressive increase in the trade gives promise of a miii'h extendetl import in coming years. The giuieral ipialily of .Anicrii'an <'hecse, shows (hat the soil of ihe United ^stales is well siiiletl for Hs production, and whii-li makes it the more to be regretted that the vciy obvious diftrtx uf make, which have so much oper:iii'd ag:iiiist ils more extensive introduction into England, shoiihl not be remedieil. This might easily be aci-omplish- ed by the cin-ulation of proper instiuetions on the subject, among the fanners in Ihe I'liee.se- making districts in .'Imcrini. Of these ilefecls, Ihe principal arise from a too hurried maniiDu'- uu'e. and insnllii-ient pressing, which, by leaving the whey in the cheese, not only injures the fla- vor, but rendi'i's it more liable to decay, m bile liie same c:mse makes it open :ind porous, a fault particularly oliieciiiinablc. The make of IOn::lish cheese has lii'\'er bi;en i-tpaal to the deniiind i,t' I his cdiintry; and the lionii' supplies have, con»cqui:ni- ly, been supplemented by large yearly imports of Dutch. Then: is now, however, every prospect of the recpjired supplies being dr.iwii largely, if nrit principally, liom ihe Uniteil States instead of Holland; the diminishing,' import from (liu one, and the rapidly increasing import from the otiier, already indicating such a change. As regards the form of the cheese, it is desirable that they be made of less breadth and greater depth or thickness, which would both oonforni them near- ly to the appearance of Cheshire, with which they have to compete, and would also fit them belti;r for passing through Ihe ordeal of a long sea voyage. Wheat Fi.oub. — The result of the harvest is now pretty well ascertained, and it may be said with confidence, with regard to wheat, the great staple ot" England, there has never lieeo a more abuiiilaiit harvest reaperl, while the excellence o( the quality is liilly equal to the abundance of the yield. Oats rank next, but are below an average. Barley and beans, in consf;qiience of the drought, were a very short crop. 'Ilie abwidimce of the wheat crop will, however, compensate for the deficiency in the other, and low rates for that ar- ticle at least, may be l(x)ked (or. The reduction in price has already advanced the rfi>ly to its highest point, 20 shiUiiiga pe»" qr., and at which it is likely to remain through the winter, so that the slock of United Stales ffour held in Ent'land, arul which in Liverpool alone amounts lo 140,000 barrels, must remain in bund till next summer at least, with the exceinion of what may be required for export. The result, so hir, of this season's impartaltoi> froin Canada shows that the object eontemplated by Peel's corn-bill of last year, has beei> fully secured, in drawing to the river St. Imw- rence a eonsirferable portion of tlu produce of the Western Stales of jlmerica. A late return show s that the exports from Canada, up lo .-Viigust this season, were 307,000 btirrels of flour, 237,600 bushels of wheat — the exports to the same [leri- od of last season, having been 50,000 barrels of flour, and ISjOOO bortlieb of wheal. German and Brazilian Hens. _ We were pleased with seeiivg a pair of Ger- roan hens the other day, which Mr. Eaton ob- tafi>ed fron> a friend in IVlhSsachusetts this tiill. — Tbey ai-e a large, stately fowl, of a gree»'islj black ct>lor, havirvg little or n«> coeir heads are furnished with beaks more booked than cumnion bens — m&re &f the crow form. The are reptiled to be good layers. The Bostmi Mercatitile Jour- luikl has the lollowiiig relative lo thi^s I/reed of hens and their eggs: " We have received from a subscriber, a cou- ple o4' ben's eggaof immense size — l>enig a s^tv- cimen of the prodiielions of a breed of hens brouL'ht into this country from Guilderland a few years since, by Capt. John Devei'anx, of Marble- head. They weigh three ounces and three-quar- ters a piece, and measure seven and three-ipiarter inches in circumference one way, and si.t and a half the other, tf any one has any larger hen's eggs, bring them along! " We learn that these Dutch fowls are of n large size, some weighing seven pounds a piece; may be easily fattened, are delicate fiiod, and first nite layers. Their eggs are usually one-third larger than those of oiir ordinarv Ibwis. One of the hens which Capt. Devi-raux brought home, laid one hundred and sixty eggs in as many suc- ce«*ive days." Mr. E. has also u pair of Brazilian hens, which a e a large variety, mostly black, with their necks slightly streakeil with while. We think these will be qiiite an acqiiiriiiion lo tfic hen dcp:irt- mciit of this section of the country, and hope friend l'>aton will succeed in niisiiig an abund- ance of these '• high (Jermans" and Brazilians to supply those of his (i'ieinfs who may wish lo ob- tain the breeds. — Maitte Parmer. The- Artichoke. Several trials which we have known made will) this root, indicate that it is one of the most valu:d)fe for stock, which can hi- cnllivaK d. A lew years ago, a gentli'Uiaii of our iici|n:iinlance planit:tl a small p.'itch v)f rich grourul with thi'm. Thi: produce was at the rati' of 12011 luishels per acre. They were principally harvesled by bogs, sNiiich were turned in and allowed to rout them up as their appetite prompted. They gained well, with no other food, wliile the artichokes lasted. .\ great advanta^'e of this root is, that it will lie in tlie ground wiihout injury all winter. Air. Thomas Noble, of iMassilloii, gave us a brief account of a trial with artichokes, made by ^l)c lavmcr's inontl)l|) bisitor. 61 ini in ihe past seHsoii. In April, 1843, he plant- 1 two acies with tills vegetable. The groiiiiil as of iiiediiiti) quality. The artichokes were 4."'.nted in rows two anil a half to three feet ajiarl 'using a little more seed than iscointnonly used planting potatoes, As soon as the frost was It of the ground last spring, (1844.) the digging Ilietn was hegun and continued as the stock quired. The produce of the two acres was iOO bushels. They were fed principally to leep, though some were given to cattle, horses id hogs. All animals ate them well, seeming prefer them to turnips. While the sheep were lug fed with them, they were pastured on ■owing wheat and clover. The shepherd thought wheat anil clover were suflicient for them, as .e was a full " bile," and he accordingly dis- timied the artrcliokes. The ewes fell off in ir milk, and the land)S soon sIiowimI that they ;e not doing so well. The artichokes were m given, and tliey soon did as well as ever. Air. Noble also use steins, with an average of 50 grains to the stem —giving thus the increase of 98,000 grains.— South Jf'estern Fnrmer. You.NG Trees.— An e.xcellent mode for pre- venting young li-oit trees from becoming hide- bound and mossy, and for promoting theii'health and growth, is to take a bucket of soft soap, and apply it with a biiish or old cloth to the trunks lioiii top to bottom; this clean.ses the bark and de.-troys the worms or the eugs of insects, and Ihe soap becoming dissolved by rains, descends to the roots and causes the tree to grow vi"or- ouslv. - " PIIKI.I'S, KSIl. Mr. President, and Gentlemtn of the Society : So many able pens and tongues of hue have bee.) employed in discii-ssing ibe merits of Agri- culture, that I tear that any entertaimnent which can aflord, will be like .setting cold meat and iiroken victuals belbre men, who have lust par- taken of a rich and plentilul least. 1 can pioni- i.se you nothing but an honest desire lo forward Ihat great interest, the advaiicemenl of which has brought (18 together on this interesling occasion ; and further, that I will not weaiy your patience by a long address. That this great interest is progressing, and gaming a deeper and slrong.r hold mi the coin- fiiiinily, is abuiidanily proved by our present ex- hibition. And after Ihe increasing interest exci- ted by our animal sliow.«, it is allogetiier loo late to question the utility of associations like our own. Indeed, the promotion of the cause of agricul- ture, manufacliires, and the mechanic arts, is not the only benefit resulting from llic-e aiiiinal le-- tivals. Men of difTerent vlew,s,and diirerenl par- ties, are brought together, on common gioiind, to consult a coniuion interest ; their bickerings, and their asperities aie fingoiien, their atf.ctioiis'flow out in a broader circle, and they are made to feel, at least one day m the year, that they are breth- ren of a c.ominon liimily,— that tliev have a com- mon interest, and that each is benefitted by ihe prosperity of the other. Would to heaven; that this was felt every day. There is one subject, connecled with agricul- ture, which, I think, has not received that atten- tion, whicli its inipoitaiice demands. To this subject, I shall principally confine my remarks. It has been a source of complaint w"ith liiruiers that they cannot keep ibcir boys at home— that they must leave the l;u-in lor a protession, a chu-k- ship, a trade, or even a |)edlar's Irimk or cart.— This, I consider a great^ evil, which dem.Mnds a remedy. The professions are full, and many a well educated man is now piniiii; in poverty,"/Lir want of employment. There are already loo many inercliants for the business of ilie coimlry, without coimtiiig those on wheels, while much of our land lies waste liir want of laborers. I am persuaded that the evil complained of, is generally owing to the mismanagement of pa- rents, and that if ihey would pursue a proper course, they would seldom find Iroulile iu keeji- ing their boys at limne. Thefirsl step in the prodiiclion of this mischief is olieii taken by the mother. It is no uncom- mon thing for a mother lo have a son, remarka- bly handsome, or perchance, so uncoiiimonlyfur- ivard, as to give fearfid indicalions of his" enrZ^y death ; when these would be the last impressions of a stranger in relation to the child. Such a mother would be very likely to leach such a son, that he must not soil his hands by playing in the dirt ; nor injure his fair couipleximi by exposure to the sun ; as she intends to make him a minis- ter, or doctor, or lawyer, or merchant of him. Thus the first lessons of maternal kindness go to niake ihe impression on the joimg mind, lluu it is (legrading to labor on the ("arm. And there are nineiy-niiie chances iu a hundred, tlnil a boy thus instructed by Ihe inolher in the yiars ol'child- liood, will be much more fit for a "daud\-jack in a caravan, than for an efliiient prolessioiial man ; or a successful merchant. Chililreii should be' early taught, that no honest calling is disreputa- ble ; and that nothing is really degrading but i". norance, idleness, and vice— that the lovCest aird most improdnctive employment is preferable lo idleness. Maternal kindness is truly honoialilo to human nature, and I feel no disposition lo trifle w'lth it ; but when il is carried to excess, it is ri- diculous in the mother and ruinous to the child. Anoihcr cause of the evil complained oi; is ofieii attributable to both parent.s, anil lhat is, 'ilie impression, that intelligence is not necessary (i^r a firmer, anil that the dullest and most ignorant boy can look on ami see how his lather inana"es his business, and follow in his footsteps. Aslbr thinking for himself, and judgiuir whether his finher has pursued the best course ; this is out of the question. Hence it is sii|iposed that edu- cation is iiniieci'ssary ; and if a boy can "read and write and cypher," it is abundantly sufiicient for any firmer. 62 m)t Jarmcr's i^loi\tl)lT) llisttor. Another c.-iMse of the evil is, fiinuslniig l.oys will, no suitable books and papers to lea.l. Another cause of the disposition in farmers hoys to leave home, is the snrly, mon.se and Ecoldii.i; habits in which many parents indulge themselves. , , And still another is, the ron^h, nncoiith an.l condorllessapi.ean.nre of many fanners houses and oin-bmldm-s. The total absence ot a f.'ood kil.-hen iraiden, Of frnil tnul flowers and yard., and, in short, of every thin;; which renders home desirable. It woidd seem from the location, and the imconth and dilapidated appearance ot many farmers' bnildin-s, that the Genins ot R.nn, and of Disorder, and of Desolation, held there an nn- dividerly and rniu, that the fuherilanc-e woulil be an iucnmbraiice rather than a beneht, and it is not siiai.ge that he should betake himself even to ii pedlar's triuik, if he can pel no better employment, rather than continue on such a firm under such circumstances. Having pointed out the causes ol' the evil, the ren.edies are plain and of easy applicaiion, Lft no flirn.er's wife think her children loo good to labor; but on the contrary, let her strive early to fix habiis ofiiidusiry. Li'levc.y moibci teach her scnis, that while labor cm the faiin is honorable, iilh-iiess, ignorance and vice^ alone bring reproach. And whe.i this lesson is iIki- roujlily imp.'cssed on the mind of her son. and cori'esponding habits aic lin-med, that smi will he likely to make;iii eflicicnl man and a useful cili- zen,'wheiher he be tc.llowing a proli'ssion, or be engaged in the uioie safi; anil more pleasant pnr- Kiiit of agriculture. Unl when the mother, wilh- ont this lesson, and without these habits, under- takes to make her son a gentleman, she is far more likely lo iimke him a loafer. Let parents labor to give all their children a .'onil edu.ation. Let the absurd notion, that a farmer needs no education, be banished tro.n ev- ery dwelling. The.-e is no pursuit, whe.-e intel- IJ.Jence. a. id a well c.illivated and a well disci- phned mind is more necessary, than in the piopcr management of Ihe farm. Let the mmd be en- iai-^ed by a kuowlediie of history, political econ- om^v, anil es|.ecially the sciences connected will, a.'i-'icnllnre. Lei ti.e young far.ner enrich his .uind by gene.al reading. Let bun tl.oro.ighly u.idersland oiir political instiluliona ; and he will be able to judge of bis political rights and duties, without the aid of some demagogue, who had rather devote his time to watching over the pub- lic inteiesls, than lo the pm-suit of honest indus- try. 1.1 short, let ihe farmer be able to reason, to examine, and to judge lor hi.iiself, and he will soon take Ihe elevated rank in society lo which his calling entitles him, and lie will no longer have the opporiuniiy of complaini.ig that professional men have too much influence. This will have a great tendency to attach farmers' sons to their homes and to their liirms. Let eve.-y fi.rmer provide his sons with n smalf but well selected Uli.-arv, and popular newspapers, — relioious, moral, political, miscellaneous, and especiidy ngricnhmal. In a house whe.-e the.-e are no proper books and papers for hoys to read, there is no suitable eu.ployme.it for the evening. Ho...eis dull andtlreson.e. 'I'he boys imist re- sort fbr ai.iu.se. .je.it to the grog shop or the bar room; and if a habit of ii.len.perance be not formeil, a love of excitement is acip.ired, ihe at- lachmeiit to ho.ne is weake.ied and the boy is prepared lo break away from the paternal dwell- in" the first opporl.n.ity that oflTtrs. But when proper books a..d papc.s a.-e f..ruished, and boys are early tamiht, that when the labors ot the day are ended, ihey are lo spend iheir evenings in i.nproviuii their minds: right habits will be form- ed ; and ihe acquisition of useful knowledge will become as pleasant as it is profitable. Let every pu-eiit, while he governs his family with fir.i.ness and decision, carefully avoid all seoldi.ig and .noi-oseness. Let the ki.idness, the tenderness, of the father be seen in all his re|)roofs and in all his punishments, when reproof and piuiish- ment are found necessary : and never let the un- ki.idness of the father p.-ompt the wish in the so.., to leave his father's dwelling. Let every father endeavor by every means ... his power," to improve the appearance ami the comfbi-t of his dwelling. This, 1 consider the solemn duly of every father. The character and the success of his posterity lor genera- tions may he decided by it. This may be ihongbt by so.ne an extravagant, or at least, a visonary remark. But 1 believe, that on examination, it will be approved by reason and sober common sense. A boy dishea.tened, discoui aged and driven from home, by the comforllessness ot the fiimily residence, and becoming a wa.ide.-cr, with- out the restraints of a father's aiithi.rny, and the watchful guidu.ice of a .nntliei's love, w.ll he lar more likely lo become vicious a. id humoral, than if he had remained under the kindly a. id health- ful influences of home. A. id beconiini? thus vicious and i.miioral, if he have a fau.ily, his vices a..d im.noralilies will in .'dl probability be imitaied by his children. Every farmer has .lol the means of owning a laigeand well finish- ed l.ynse ; but every farmer maj, at a trifling ex- pense, do much to improve ihe ajipeaiance and comfort of his dwelling. He may have a good kitchen garden so liM.ced as to prevent ihc iiilrii- sion of cattle. He may at a su.all expense, and indeed wiihout a.iv expe.ise, except a little ol his own lime and labor, have a leu fruit liees and g.-ape vines, and thus save his eliililr.'ii f.o.n ihe .uonlticaii.m of begging, or the guilt of stealing, IVom his nei'ilibois. Ho may shelter his house f.-om Ihe scorching heat of sui er, by slnule trees. He may allot a small i alch of gionnd to his children tor Ihe ciillivatiou of flowers. And he can mend his wi.idous in a more econo.mcal, as well as more pleasant uianner, than will, old coats and lials. He can also have a s..bsia.itial yard, in w l.icli to confine his ou u cattle, and pre- Vent their running about the slreeis, to his own loss, and to the vexation of his neighbors. But above all, let our furmers abandon their prej- every ihingwhicli is ancient and venerable, only ^ because it'is such— when our government, and our institutions of learning are ruthlessly attacked, anil not even the Church of Christ is ypared ; I _ can almost pardon the tenacity with which some . of our farmers cling to the system of farming which was pursued by their fathers. But there is error on both sirles." Nothing should be aban- do.ied ine.ely because it is old ; nothing rejected because it is new. It hecn.nes us in all our con- cerns, to examine carefully the course of tho"; who have gone before us, and follow ll.e.n wher.t. they were right, a.id improve upon ll.eui where we'caii. -A. id evei-y reflecting man must see, that there is much room to improve on the agri- culture of our fithers, as well as on our own We shall do much better lo follow our fathers in their industry and perseverence, their sobriety and temperance, their integrily, nioraliiy and pat- riotism, than in their method of farming. It is to me passing strange, that in a country; and in an age, when every other class of me are engaged in the march, or rather race, ar of imp. oven. ents, so .na.iy li.rmers, disposed Xi remain stationary. Professional men are anx ions to get the newest book which treats o their profession ; the mechanic seizes on every labor-saving implement, and adopts the latesU style of work ; the mannfactnrer pi-ocnres eve.-yj iinpioved machi.ie; while the faruier is contenB to use the coarse and hungling implements whicl^ were used by his father; and cnliivaie the faille^ crops, on Ihe same fields, and i.i the same maiiJ. ner, that his fi.ther did before him. How woulil the manufacturer succeed now, wiih the ma- chinery in use only thirty years ago, w hen « i price was paid for weaving a yard of cotton cloth w Inch will now purcha.se a yard of cloth of tin same quality ! All who are acquainted wilii niaii ulacliuing,"know, that every manutiictory in th^ country would he ruined at once, if the old ma'.. chiue.-y were used. And how can the farine succeed any heite'r, with the clumsy, ill-shape i.iiple.nents of foru.er days? A. id lio.v, will the ill digested system of farming adopted h our ancestors ? •■ , i I The steamboats, canals and railroads ha>-M brought the farmers of the west in direct compe lition with the f irmers of New England ; am the latter can never carry on that competitioii with any hope of success, without a greatljj improved system of agiiciillnre. J If the tiu-u.er would keep his boys at home, hi must procure the best implements and adopt ih best and most improved mode of flirming. Aw thefir.st step should be the enlargement of lb mannre heap. This may be done by adding I it all the veuetables, and various other siibslanct which are oiiliuarily wasted.— Without atleinp' ill" to particularize, and much les.s, to go into Kciciilif^c discussion of the subject, 1 will sa that weeds, peat, svvam|i nnid, loam, l<-av IVmii ihi- woods, may 1»: profitably used for tl liurpose. . . Another important item is the reclaiming swamps. A large quantity of swanq) land no lies waste, whii-h might he made .some of tl mo.st productive land in the State. Stoney lai should he cleared of stones and enclosed wi good siibslaniial walls ; worn out fields slio he enriched and made productive; while th barren hill tops should be rendered profitable, tl ihi.y easily may be, by being covered with forc^ trees. . ,. . Let every farmer cointneiicea ,)ndicious court of improveuieuts, according to his means. L it be m.de.slood every Spring, that the qiiaiiti , of maimi-o must be d"uubled; that some swamj must be cleared and ditched ; some tract of rouirk land m.isi be freed from stone, enclosed with wall and made (it for cnltlvation; or that som< worn out field must be enriched and lenderei 'Vnitful. Lei this coii.-se he pu. s.ied a tew years and 1 think ihe llirmer will generally find litllN dillic.ihy in keepi.ig his hoysat ho.ne, This wit lin-nish'lhat excitement .so much loved by youth 'I'liis will alVoid innocent and rational graiihcj lion! The boys ^^ ill feel a new ailacliment to til fichis which ihey have assisted in beautifyinj And they will soon .see by their increased crop* and their unwonted pi-o»periiy, that when ilu ^I)c JTarmcr'fl iHontl)h) lUsitor. 63 piiterii;il iiilieritaiice sliull come into llieir luiiicls, it will lie ^neutly em idled ojiil biiliMiicecl in \iilue, ant, that as the imporlance of agriculture is more felt hy the cominnnity, moi-e men of wealth will engage in it, and agrienltiual science will increase, and our agricultmal re- sources will he more fully developed. 'J'liis is the husiness on which every other hnsi- ness depends. The farmer feeds every other class of citizen.*, and furnishes ihe raw material for their cloihing. I'ut while I .idvocale the in- teresls of the flirmer, and contend for the dignity of his calling, I would li\ no means speak liglilly of the professional man, ihe manuliielnrer, or the mechanic. All are needed, all are useful niem- liers of society, and while a prosperous agricni- liire is iieces.sary lo their siippoit and comliirl, their prosperity is necessary to the success of agricullure. And I would not in any wise call a hand fiom the loom or the work shop, to follow the plungh. The idlers, and those who are not engaged in some calling which is useliil to the commuiiiiy, are theywhoiri I would srudiow(nk on the farm, if I supposed they wouhl he good finr any thing w hen ihey got there. To the manu- (iictniers and mechanics, we owe no small share of il e interest of our annual shows. linniiot close without a word to the ladies; anil if asked, why hut a woid? I answer, lliut till y need most admonition, w ho are farthest from till right w.iy. In order lo eli'Vate agriculture to its proper pi ce, y iiir comicenance and your active co-ope- ra ion arc ahsolnti'ly necessary. Be entreuieil nttto Bcowl upon the fanner, though his clothes he soiled with dirt, and his hands hear evidence of his toil. Cheer him on in his laliors. Let the young fiirmer know, that he is respected, not ac- cording lo the gracefnluess of his how and the laslefulness of his Hress, hut according to his iii- Itdligence, his industry and his moral worth. And let the young lady he assured, that il she prefer a hrainless daiuly to an iutelligent farmer, she will go through life repenting of her lolly. Without the assistance, and especially without the presein-e, of the ladies, our (iiirs iiiiisi lan- guish and .soon entirely fiiil. The products of Ifemale indnslry and of female taste, supply a pl.ice in our annual shows, wlii(di could not he otlnMwise supplied; and without ihe.se products, and without the presence of the ladies, our (iiirs would he a» dull and insipid as the life of a hachelor. In conchi.^ion, let the farmer never forget his dependence on Him, from whom comelh "every good gift ami every perfect gift," for his hlessing oil his lahor* ; and let onr hearts rise with the wiirmest gratitude lo Him, who gives "us lain Ironi heaven, and fruitful seasons, filling our iiearts wiih food and gladness." Type (^asti.ng IMaciiine. — It is now nearly four cenluiies since I'eter Sclioeffer, who may he regarded as the father ear. J am pleased 10 see this corroborated hy Mr. I'onre of the lii- di.ui Hill Fill 111, in Newburv. Il is not that these latter are slrongeraiul more active, but they "keep stepping" — ihey go all the time, rain or shine. For a slight shower, or at even ihe anticipaiiun of rain, un American laborer ahanrlons his work. 64 (l1)c Javmcr's i^ontl)!!) Visitor. and goes under cover. The European lal)orer conliniies at liis work, no matlcr what the state of the weather. \Vn all know the heavy, (lull natin-e of the Dutch and Flemish " hoors," and yet the amount of lahor performed by one ol them in a year is Klii|iendous. , <. , , 1 have had ocra.- 33 :n 13 .':i 10 40 19 10 W.19 21 3- T. 20 [20 11 F. 21 S, 02 ». 23 M. 21 T. 25 VV.2(1 "7 S. E. Il — 10 — 0 N. W. 5 — 0 — 0 _ 0 N. W. 3 — 0 1)5 — 03' S. E. .N'.VV.IO N.W.IO N.W'.IO .N. W.« — 0 — 0 06 30 'liO ,09 .90 68 .82 63 .or 66 .56,62 .54 67 .72 '55 .74 6:l .52,49 .63,63 .90 39 65 E. N. \V. .\. W. S. E. 3 — 10 3; — to :i,N. W. ajstialus. ^ — 0 clenr. 0 — 0 clear. alN. W. 3 c..str,ilii, (li _ lo|»trani.<, 0 0 0 0 stratus— li^ht sijoiv, cirro-stratus. stratus. stratus. ilriz/.liug. >tratus. clear. clear. snowinj: — A. M. rainy. raining. .81 .53 .31 .34 .96 .18 .03 .02 .13 .14 .9- .18 .94 .44 ..'.l .64 ..IS -evening hazy. — lofstraliis. 10,li;jlitrain— slee^. G5 .591 — 01 64: N. E. 3 591 — 0| .\.\V. 1 w.».w. 1 S. VV. 2 — 0 — 0 — 0 N. W. 2 .52 N. W. 3 WIN. W. 3 S7,.\. tV stratus — hazy, strains, stratus. li;jht snoW. >tiatiis. hazy, hazy, stratus, cirrus, cirro stratus, lijiht SHOW anil rain, ry tight smivv. N. W. 8 — 10 — 10 — 10 — 8 — 0 — 0 w.s.lvlO w.s.w. 5 — 10 — 10 — to iN'. \V. 9 stratus. w.s.w. 2 S. W. 9 w.s.w. 5 cirro-stratus, cirru-stiatus. cirro-slrtilus, cirro-stratus, cirru-utratu^. — 1 .\.VV. 1.) slratii N. VV. 9;.«lr Itll N. W. 6 cirro-stratui. 2,N.VV. lU|3lialus. N. W. 9'N. \^■. 9 cirro stratus. 37|.\. VV. 4|N. VV. 5 cirro-.stratiis. 54li\. W. 4u\. \V. liuirro-stratua. 53 N. W. 3 1 I F. 28 ;18 sIratU(».^^V^f .V.VV. 10 cirn.stratu* ', — 1 cirro-stratus.^ _ 0 clear. — o' clear. N. VV. 2 cirro-stratus. — 10 — 0 — 10 — 0 — u — 0 — 0 ASHES, Pols, 4JI Pearls 4J ALUM, 4 BUIMSTO.NE, Roll, » Siil|ihiir, 4 L'A.MPIIUR. RcfliKll, 75 CANDLES, Mould 10 .Sperm, 32 COFFEE, St. Domingo, ....6 Porto Rich, e{ Porto Cabcllo 8J Old lloverninent Java,. .. 11 COPPERAS, 9 FLSH, l)ank,r'lii'n">l.- '^.'S Pollock, 2,50 Bay 2,75 Old Dun, 4,30 No. 1 Salmon, ^bbl, 14,00 No. 1 Shad, ^hbl, 12,00 Ton's it Sounds, 1*001, 6,00 ll.l!.Fiua,^>hbl, 9,00 FLOUR, Genesee, 5,37^ Fancy brand, 5,75 Ohio, Akron, 6,25 Spaiildini:, e.vtra, 6,25 FRUIT. Figs, 14 Raisins, blue mark,.. . 10,00 Black mark, 9^50 Box, bunch, 2,75 FUSTICK,Cuba,^ton, 30,00 Tampicu, 92,00 Grniind, ^ tlund 1,75 GLUE, Russian best, 17 Atn'-*rican, II GRAI.N. Oals, 37^ cent }j> bii Corn, 67 dodo hu Rye, 67 dodobu Beans, ..75(®1,50 Peas, 50® 75 GRlNUSTO.\ES, 1st iiu.al- itv, fiiiislied,lf> bund. 2,93 Do.'do. iiiilinished, 1,50 HERRING, J* box, No. 1,..50 Scaled, 75 INDIGO, Bengal, .1,10® 1,75 SpafMsh float,. .. 1,00 (ffl 1,.50 Manilla, 75'rtl,25 IRON, Old Sable, 4.J Enslish, H Banks, retincd ■•4 English, sheet, 0 Russia, d U®13 Old Sable nail rods, SJ Noivvegian do 6 Common do 4.\ .English hoop, 5 American do 4 Snoe Shapes, Am 4.t S»-i-di-s, shoe shapes, 4,^ LEATHER. New York Sole Leather, Light, 14® 10 Dn. Heavy, 124Ca)15 LIME, Thomaston, first ipialilv, 1,23 (•;,in.l".-n, do I,12.t LOliUDOD, St. Douiin- Ro,(f*ti)n, 99,00 Cainpeachy, 27,00 Ground, lf> bund 1,75 IM.VCICEREL, No. 1, ^ bbl 13,-50 No. 2, 10,30 No. 3 8,50 MOLASSES, Havana, 30 Surinam, 30 Triniiliid, 32 Porto Uico 34 SiiL'ar House, 30 N.MLS. Boston Iron Co's branil S (lid Colony d 3 Wevinoiith Iron Vo 5 Maiden, 4^ PLASTER, P ton, 3,.30 Do. ground, 8,51) PROVISIONS. Pork Ex- Ira clear [flibl, 16,00 (\.niinon do 14,00 Extra Mess, 12,00 Common do.. , 10,00 Butter, r lti> 8® 14 Cheese, new milch,. . .6iSl7 Fou rmeal, .Alcoa Dried apple, best, 2i& 3 I.ard, northern, 8J Do. soultrern, 8 Turkeys &.Chkkens, best,? Goslins, best, 4^ Round Hogs A\®h\ REDWOOD, ground, ((<• bund 2,75 Nicaragua, f> ton, 3.5,00 RICE, -hiind. best, 3,o» KOSIN, t> bbl 2,50 S,\L/t;R.\TUS, first iiualily,4i SALT, St. Ubes, I* llhd. 3,20 Cadiz 3,20 Bonaires, 3,20 Turks Island, 3,20 Liverpool, 3,20 Do. fine, VVorthingstol) brand, )?• bag 2,00 Do. other brand?, 1 ,73 SALTPETRE, crude, 8 Do. refined, 9 SEED. Clover, northern,.. 9 Do. soutbein, ....74 Herds grass, ii> bu 1,75 SHEETINGS, prime {(» yd ..GJ SHINGLES, first quality, • No. I, pine, Ir*" M 2,75 do. do. do. spruce, 1,75 SHIRTINGS, I?- vard 6 SHOT, assorted, 5$ SHOVELS, cast steel, \t doz 10,00 Steel pointed do 9,00 Iron do. best 8,00 Do. common 6,30 SOAP, Castile, H White Soap, best 8 Brown, No. 1, 4 Fainiiv, .S Extra,' C SPICES. Cassia, in mats, 22 Do. ground 93 Cloves, 30 Ginger, pure, 7.1 Mace, |?-Ib 1,00 Niittpegs, best, 1 ,25 Pimento, whole, 19 Do. ground, 14 Pepper, whole, 11 Do. ground, 19 STEEL, Swedes, best 1\ Sanderson, Brothers tc Co. cast steel, 18 JessopS: Son, do 17 German, best, I25 Do. conuuon, 10 Coach spring, best, 9^ SUGARS. Brown Hava- na, very best, 93 Do. do. prime, 8J Do. do. fair, 8 Double refined East Bos. Ion loaf, I2i Do. do. crushed, 12^ Do. do. powdered, 13 Common loaf, 1 1 Porto Rico, best, 8 Purified Muscovado do . . .8 TAR, ^ bbl 3,50 TE.\S. tiuiipowder, best quality, (t>lb, ~5 Imperial, do 80 Hyson, do 60 Hyson Skin, do 30 Young Hvson, common, .35 Do. do. fair 'lA Do. do. good, s;) Dii. d-i. best, 60 TOB.VCt'O, common keg,. .6 Good do 10 Common box, 8 Good do 124 Honey Dew, do. best,.. . .18 Cavendlsl 2S BlUUIITON niAKICET.—MoNUAV, April 21,1845. [Reported for the Daily Advertiser & Patriot.] \l .Market .^S0 Beef Cattle, 15 pairs of Working Cxen 350 Sheen and "230 Swine. 100 Beef Cattle remained unsold. Pric'es— Bfc<' Oi"'c.— Last week's prices were not sustain- ed. Extra ® SO ; fir.st quality S3 50 ® $5 75; second quality 8525 ® $5 50 ; third quality S4 .50 ffl $5. IVorkw^ Orrii.-Sales al Si;3, §75, and 88. , ^, ,, _ „ \ lot sheared ?a .58 ; a lot not sheared g4 75 iHl Sj. ,ts to peddle 4ic «) 4 j lor Sows, 5.ic (d 51 l»ir Bar- ogs selected, 31c aS^. At retail, 55 and Ojc. .SAi-fji Stcinr, — Lots rows . old II \J ed in this market. April 17, IS4.5. • best article ever Call and take one on trial. iifTer- CURRIER & KNOX. If cirro stratus. smoky. cirro-stratus— light show'r. smoky. — lo.vtrutus and niisly. — lOcirri) stialiis. 0 very fosgy. smoky, very foggy, smoky. CHBBSC-TUUS AN1> CHEKSK- UASKETS.- Prime articles at April 17, 1845. CURRIER li. KNOX. If '■^L.OUUIIS. April 17, 1845. A new lot, received by CUI RRIER i- KNOX If [RON BARS and DRAFT-CH MNS for sale by CURRIER U KNOA. April 94, 1845. " ^rm^rs Jll0ittljlg tesitxrr. J.-U^JU>liK3^ CONl>tCTi:D BY ISAAC HILL. ^ Those who LaHuH in the E\RtH are the CII0»EN 1*B0FLE of CfoD, whose li.U; \sl^ UK has made his PECULrAR DEPOSIT E FOn SUBSTANTIAL AND GENUINE 7IRTUE." — JeffcTSOU. VOLUME Vll. CONCORD, N. H., MAY 31, 1845. NUMBER 5. THE FARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR, P11B1.1SHK1) F.y ISAAC HILL, & SONS, ISSUED ON THE LAST DAY OF EVKRY MO.M'ir, At Athenian Buildiugv n^-Gt!":''*'- AntNTS B. CnoK, Kci-nc, N il. ; Thomas R. Hampton, Wabliington City, D. C; Joiis Marsh, Wash- tngton St. [iostun, Mass.; Charles WAHitt^, Uiinliy Ituiv, VA'orceclcr. Mass. TERMS To single subscribers, Fiflij Cents. Ten i>cr cent, will be alhiweil to the person who shall selnl more than one subscriber. Tivelve copies will he sciil for the advance pavnielit of Fivt Dollars ; twcntylive copies for 7Vii Dollars: si.x'ly copies for 7Vcii(y Dollars. The payment in every case to be made in advance. QC^.Moneij and snliscriptions^ bija regulation of the Post JMa.^trr Qeneraly maij in all cases be remitted by the Post Master, free oj postage. 9Cf-.\ll gentlemen who have heretofore acted as Agents aie reqncsted to continue their .'Vgency. Old subscribers who come under the new terms, will please notify us of the names already on our books. COIVCORD, N. H., MAY 31, 1845-, The Editor again at home ! A'eui 0)'/f07is— )7s great business hut begun. — " Grand sign" of JIgricullure at the Soutbivest. Great capital J/oin small means. Fertilitij of land on the Father of Waters : hnw the migJiti/ river was funned. Jlriificial enbankments. En- eroachinoits upon the banlis. Snags. Great in- crease of commerce. Chart of the river : itsblulfs. Memjihis, a naval depot in Tennessee. Cotton plantations and appendages. The cotton gin of If'hilney — its grand con,'!cquences. Cotton the most important article of commerce, sought for at home and abroad. Levee of Orleans — its Muni- cipalities erleniling along the Crescent : the levie alive with merchandize and drai/men, bales of cot- Ion and hogsheads of sugar. The cotton produc- tion of great importance to the whole Union. — Britain clucked hij the J] merican growers of cotton. Consequences of attempting to forestal tlie cotton market. Too much cotton will not be produced : its increase to be desired hi/ the u-hote people oftlie United Stales. Sugar contrasted with cotton cul- tivation. Partialili/ of the tariff to tlie groicer nf sugar : operation of the tariff for the benefit of a single sugar planter : bounties on other agricul- tural productions as e.rpedicnt as high protection to sugar. Bcauti/ of the sugar plantations. Gen. Wade Hampton — his early commencement in Lou- isiana -his splendid properlij on tlie .Mississippi : its great cash productii,nfor a single year. Tlieex|)Oi-t!!rabh! ex- pense to New Orleans, there to reside five or six months in a year, for the purpose of securing a competent sup[dy (Un-ins,' the year. 'i\vo jjentle- men at the St. Charles Hotel, commi.«;sione(l from Lowell and IManehcster to purchase eighty thou- sand bales for tiie use of a part of the establish- ments at those places, at the time of the rise in^ the price of cotton in ilie latter part of the month* of iMarch, fell short of their supply some twenty thousand bales. These gentlemen had been busi- ly ensinged the previous five months in selecting aiid buying np, as fast as the article arrived, that particular kind of cotton wanted for the New England mannfacluiing establishments. On the way down the Ohio river there came on boaid onr boat at Wheeling a French gentleman who was burrvins on from the arrival of the last Liv- erpool steamer, with the funds to piuchase SiSOO,- 000 worth of cotton, which was required for the use of some particular colton establishments in France. A most beautifid and interesting picture of the already great Cresctnt city, so named from the position of the river in half moon sliiipc extend- ing nearly five miles witli less than hull' the dis- tance in a direct line from point to point np and down the stream, is the forest of masts of the shipping, and the long array of steamers with their whitened booiesand smoke-vomiting chim- neys standing above the water: the latter inila- ding their bales of cotton, their hogslie;i"nli lo ''e exchauaol lor the Mi-ars of those Ibrci-ii eoiintrios, can no belter i.fTord 10 pay a lii;;hor price for siisjar at ^ew Orleans than at the forci^in port: to come in competition with the Louisiana planter he_ must purchase the foreign sugar at iialf price; for the Ilulv added vill make the cost equal when it coiiiesto ns. This statement « ill show liow niueh tax the New En!,dand ennsnmer [kivs on every j.onnd of sn^ar imported from heyond the liniiis of the Uniteil States, and how nmch traile mif;lit be facilitated with foreign sugar producing coun- tries, if liie diitv on sugar was reiluced as it should be, not to exceed a cent on a pound. \\ e re- peat, there is just as much reason why a hnunly should be jiaid to the cotton grower or to the wheat grower or cattle raiser who jirodnccs arti- cles lor exportation, as that the tariti should in- crease the gains of the Lcwisiana sugar phmter More'splendiil and beautiful than the cotton phunaliuus above, are the sugar plantations lor ihe distance of some two hundred miles all along the bank of the great river, aliove New Orleans. The names of the owners of many ol these plan- tations indicate that they remain in their original Spanish and French Creole descent. They are the most valuable farm possessions in the United Plates, and iierhaps the most lu-odnctive lor the amount of labor of any laud to the north of. the Tropics. Men of iiieaus and wealth, m the Car- olinas and Georgia, seem early to have under- stood liow their condition and that of their slave families was to be bettered either iiy disposing of their plantations at home or dividing then- slaves ami moving to the richer lands opening at the West. We believe it was previous to the last war, that Gen. Wade Hampton, who had a conspicuous command in that war and known as one of the most wealthy planters and hmd- liolders in South Carolina, commenced a planta- tion on the east bank of the Mississippi, some hundred miles above New Orleans. The pos- session and claims of the heirs to his great e.state are said to cover eightv thousand acres ot some of the best of the Lon'isiana lands. His planta- tion in actual cultivation probably does not ex- ceed tw^o thousand acres. It is distinguished li-nm the other |dantalions on the river by its greater width of ciihivation, by its firmer and "more prominent eudiankmeiit, by its splendid ancient fiiinily resilience of greater enlarged di- mensions, by its two long lines of negro houses, superior to most buildings of that kind, rnnnnig diagonally from the river, as well as by the great regularity and neatness with w hich the extended fields are laid down, and the directness of its leiices and of the rows of iilanted cane extend- ing as far as the eye can reach. Tlie stigar liolises, with the isolated chimnies, located at the iriost convenient points for gathering the abun- dant cane pro:!nctinn,are upon an enlarged scale. A great store house projects over the bank ol_ the river, from which, ami into which, eargoesof produce are directly laden and unladen from slips as they are moored' at the landing. In the eager- ness of the first settlers to obtain an early jiro- diiction fVoni their grounds, almost every thing seems to be incomplete and uiitiuished. Tiiey do not slop even to clear their lands before they get a crop: the largest trees are not cut down, but killed by girdling, and falling after a few years are left to rof upon the ground, some of the best being used for Cue] for the steam engines. Their linihiings, mostly unfinished, soon begin to decay. At the best their houses would sufler on a eom- liarison with the houses which some careful New England fiirmcrs furnish for their beasts. They liave no cold weather there: of course it is not strange that in the habitations of genteel people yon can readily look out of doors through the cracks of their sitting rooms and parlors. So that the shingling of the roof shuts out the rain, the " best o'chiels" are content to live on with plenty for the stomach in houses which would cliill the blood of the humblest New England man or wo- man to look upon as their place of residence. Tlie plantation of Gen. Hampton, in its buildings from the mnnsion to the negro huts and stables and in its better fences and cultivated fields, seemed to b(' an exception to almost every otlier. The eminent and enterprising owner of this splendid prnpertv several years ago paid the great debt of nature, 'llis descendants, one or more .■^ons and liusbaudsof married daughters, (among them a brother of Senator I'reslun of South Car- olina,) are the present owners of tin: great Louisi- ana estates. 'J'lie siigarand molasses of their last erop is stated to have been sold for the sum ol $140,000. If the great maunfaclurersof the North have been reaping any undue advantage Iroin the ineseiit tarilV, e.jnallv have the great sugar growl- ers of tli(^ Souih had the advantage of other agri- eiiltural produeer.s. In the end it must be belter to nivu both sugar growers and mantiliicturors such a mure eiiiial tarilf as will prevent other producers from abaudoiiing their own to rush into a better business until reaction shall prostrate all together. The Worcester Hospital iiiid its Agricultural Improvcraeuts. Of all the noble charities of our native State wo consider the Hospital for the Insane at Wor- cester the most useful and the most magnidceiit. Tenanted by some four hundred liiimaii beings of all the dilTerent modulations of the "mind diseased" where the condition of all is improved —of whom many are restored and returned to their friends, who might otherwise settle down into incurable insanity — we had for years inter- ested ourselves in the progress of the Worcester institution, which has been lint commensurate with the growth of the glorious old town at the heart of the Conimonweallh. The other day ap- proaching our home from the Sontli by one of those great avenues, which by facilitating the means of cunimunication, are expanding the svealth of New England in every direction^ we were struck with the grand appearance of the Hospital extendingi^everal hundred ket upotUhe eastern eminence overlooking the city part of the town. The Hosi)ital was begun some fifteen years ago of the size and pattern nearly of that recently erected in New Hampshire, capable of accommodating the superintendent and keepers loirether with some hnndreil patients: at several times it has received additions, which make it nearly four times the original size. The Wol■ce^ter Hospilal lias grown gradually into its present size and usefulness. We notice it here exclusively lijr the purpose connected pe- culiarly with the ohject of our ptiblication— that of aivakenin^ lite atlenlion of the people of ^feiv England to the importance of improving the cultiva- tion of our soil. The lot mi which the Hospilal was oriainally erected at first consisted of only some four or five acres; and contained that )iart which is now mainly covered with the yard and buildings. It was soon found this was insnfii- cieiit to give employment to voluntary laborers among the iiatients. The adjacent land could not re'adily be iionglit : it was lint an indifferent field, and some half a dozen acres were hired from year to year to be added to the garden and arable land. The lirodiict of this hired land had con- tinued to increase, with the price of its annual rent, so that at last it became a matter of pru- dence that the land should be purchased at the high price of live hnndreil dollars the acre. This piucliasc, we had the assurance of the superin- tendent, it had become a matter of interest to the institution to make — belter that it should ex- pend a capital whose use for eaidi acre should cost thirty dollars, than that the Hospital should not iiavctlie ground for cultivation. Let it be considered, that an acre of land by artificial means can in the interior of New England be made worth in its use for one season the sum of thirty dollars by the improvement of the hand of man in a course of successful cultiv.-iiion ; and what may we not conceive New England to become in the annual |irodnction springing from the ground ? But this is not all the agricultural improvement made at the Worcester Hospital. In the rapid oTowtl) of that town covering much of the open fields near the institution, it was impossible to pmrliase in the near vicinity, as much easy, fea- sible land as was wanted, near enough for its pur- poses. In the rear of the Hospital at jio very ■M-eat distance there was an elevation of land of die very roughest aspect— so hard and rocky as almost to ha" abandoned to its fate in a natural growth of briars and bushes, by several owners. Some thirty or forty acres of this side hill in its southerly and westerly aspect have been |iiir- chased for the use of the Hospital, as the owners i conhl be prevailed on to sell it at a reasonable f"^ price. The first purchase was made about eigh^j years auo on that part of the hill farthest disl^uitj j i-muing down to a bog mi'adow at the level of the railroad vallej' rniiniiig into Worcester from ihe east. Ill two or more purchases all that part ofS the hill nearer to the institution lias been puiM(] chased. "* III the fall of the year 1839, in company with:? Dr. Woodward of liie Hospilal and the late Wil-j^' li;iin Lincoln, llien oneol its directors — an excel-], lent friend of theagrieultur.il cause, as geiierouS|j and amiable as he was intelligent and talenled — j, the editor of the Visitor went upon the first pur-jj chase of this seemingly impracticable ground of | the si.le hill. Farmers living in an easy eountryjg without rocks, as is much of the cultivated por-;|; .: ... ^1' .1 ^..i.l /ill lint l.'ii^.t,/ lini.r t.i i.!.-!!- Xllliuoi .w^... , - , --^ ||. tion of the country, will not know how to esti-:,j mate the idiaracler of this siile hill : it was lho.)J most rocky part of the hill comiiig down in a^j, basin or valley liirough which the cold water,.; oozed, making the lower part in the midst of g' rocks miry and unlit for all kinds of vegetation.,. The work of improvement was begun at the high- a est point below the sleep side hill by digging ouij| the rocks for a walleil enclosure. These takeiij.' out and the ground ploughed, exposed iimuiner-,. able rocks of larger and smaller dinieiisions,|, which after the gronuil had been |jlanted one yearj_ were disposed of in ditches under cover l.iid iiig the lower or miry part of the land, and conduct-e iiig the water off the ground. The first plough'.' ed lot cleared of its rocks upon the surface aiid,^ stimulated with the proper quantity of manuretj was laid down to grass. In tiie lower or apron,f part of the side hill new ditches were made as. fast as the rocks made their appearance in other portions of the land ploughed. The bushes werefj cleared from the steeper side hill above the eii-t closures, and the rocks brought down to be dis-.. posed of in ditches draining both the swampjy basin and the level morass below it, till some tei. or twelve acres have been converted into the. most jirodiictive grass land. The result ofal, this improvement has been, that the upper parlj of the side-hill to the top has been converted iutie , early and excellent pasture, and that from fifteei., acres of mowing meadow, the most of it givinj. two crops of grass in a season, fifty tons of liajj are annually produced. 3 ,| Passing Worcester without stopping on thV'-j 15lli of May of the present year, from our [irei 1 vious knowledge of the location of the Hospiti). ] lands we were able to mark particularly the valii.^ : of its superior cultivation. The season in Ma^ sachusetts as in New Hampshire has been back ■. ward liom the cold weather of the jiresent spriuj) The mowing grounds and pastures upon thj Worcester hills had then hardly begun to b, green. But the Hosjiilal lands were an excefj^ tion to almost every thing about them: like ,; lively raised figure in some beauiiful work if eiobroidery, the fine mowing plat which had hey.;, reclaimed from a rocky cold morass, stood ont^j contrast with other fields. Upon the pastu|,i, above, the sixteen noble cows which from goo. , keeping furnish nearly sufficient milk fortliet;i,l of the four hundred inhabitants of the Hospit!. • were feeding. Busily in an adjacent field vvel j the hands eiii|)loyeil spreading the manure fir ■orn-planting. A part of the side hill view is' i ^'rove principally of young white oaks, in vvlii« pathed walks of various windings have been col ; slructed by the labor of .some ol' the inmates f. . | the benefit of such others as may be entrusted , amuse thetriselves abroad— a most beautiful shni , in the warmer season of the year where the dl ' [ heartened and disconsolate may become reco ciled and contented while viewing tlie beaiiti of natural scenery. Another ]iart of the hill a young orchard "in wdiicli the trees have be^ tl■an^|llallted some four or five years. From I abundant bloom upon the trees snrroundiiig t'\ Hospital, we should judge that its orchard fri< ' J in a very few years will become abundant. ; '] We look to "the success of the Worcester Hi '", ])ital in its agriculture as a (latlern worthy 1 attention of the farmers of New England. C tainly, improvements such as have beeii h( ' ■ made, are worth more than the price of their c(.,- 'I'he best investment of capital in land.s, as Ij been jiroved in the case of the Hospilal groiiri 1 is that wliich will make them yield twice, th i times and four times their natural amount. msanoausKtmamMtk Ulffiarmcv 5 itlouiljlD Itiiiitor. •mer who makes the attempt with the due lowledge of the proper meatip, need fearafail- e of succeedhig. It is only by making such iprovments as will increase and keep up cro|)S an) year to year, that the fanners of New Enjj- l)d can do justice to llie cause ol' Apriculturc. here are many of tiie longer-settled farms on hich to produce fifty tons of hay one hundred res must be mowed: how much more valuable an these the fifteen acres at the Hospital pro- icing a like amnimt and certainly a better ar- •le! Of the difference in the labor between e two, every practical farmer is able to judge. AgTicaltural Warehoase iii Concord. We wet-e exceedingly gratified in calling at e new establishment of iVIessrs. Corkier fc Nox, to witness the number and extent of their iproved agricultural imi)lements, and that the Hirers of New Hampshire who, since the con- ruction of the railroad, concentrate here more un ever lor the purposes of trade, afford the !st encouragement that such an establishment in be fupporled. The higher price which the ;tter insiruments have home lias been a cause 'discouragement to those who in the uncertain imnnd and low price of produce have become ibitually wary to incur all but inevitable ex- jnse. It was an agreeable surprise to be in- pned that Messrs. Cmrier & Knox had retail- I upwards of fifty of the improved Ploughs nnnfaclured at the great agricultural factory of iggles, Noiirse and Mason in Worcester, Mns- chusetts. Fifty of the well made improved oiighs introduced and scattered through the ale this year would probably make sale of four nes the luiuiber another year, after a proper lal shall be given them. It is not saying loo uch of Vrouly's, Ruggles' or Howard's oughs, all of which eiiibrace the great leading inciples of improvement, to aver that either of fin used for a single season will earn the high- t |irice paid for it in the saving of teatn and in 5 better work. In aid of the plough and the hoe, the Cultiva- r has become a labor-saving article in our culti- led fields: the iinprovetneiit made in the new plen)ent in the last few years has been equal that of the plough. Hoes, shovels, hay and ng forks, scythes and scythe sneathe.s, hay tes, grain cradles, &c. &c., have all been >aly improved, making it a continued pleasure the enierpri.^iug farmer to see and Itiel their uration under his hands. Currier & Knox have on hand those we have med and almost every kind of tool or imple- int of the belter Eort used by the (iuiner either the kitchen, in and about his buildings or gar- n, in the forest or field. It is a great object that ;h an establish inent as this should be encour- ?d and kept up. The Season. If we are less tbrtunate in the North than the nth in the pleasant, bidmy air of Spring — if •y encounter none of our piercing air and vering winter cold, lingering down almost to : lap of Summer — more fortunate sometimes we that the delay of vegetation saves us from destruction of early frost. Abniil the lOtli of ril, while the rye and other grains were head- out, and the apple and peach trees had gone of bloom, a severe frost in Virginia, the Car- US and the country South cut flown almost rytUlng. Travelling in the night of that frost, conductor of the railroad near VVeldon, N. broughl. into tin.' car ami exhibited an Icicle t had formed on ifie outside to the leiiglh of eral inches and the size of a m.in's tliiuub. ig was more thou we had seen in all the two viouB months of February and March, in a rney from Cincimmii in Ohio down the Mis- lippi, and North to this point from New Or- is. Lingering on the way about live weeks he middle of May, we fixmd at lioston aiul th in New llampsliire a more chilly seasim II we had felt from Washington city South I West during the whole winter. Ve came home, not to find the green peas jell vve had at New Orleans on the first of reli, or the Kirawlierries which we gathered h the fields of Alabama in the first week of il — (these we may expect to come along here he lutttr part of June and first of July)--to Ihe apple, iioacli anil plum trees near Bos- ton just coming to the blow, with the leaf of the iua|)le not fully expanded, and that o( the oak not yet enlarged beyond the size of the ears of the grey squirrel. A pretty severe frost as late as the 2t>th of May, forming ice in this town of the thickness of gla.s.s, did otu' vegetation but lit- tle damage, because none of it, with the excef)- tion of bean-s tomatoes aiul a few small matters in the open air, was sufiiciently advanced to sill- ier iiijiny. The cold weather has kept Indian corn and potatoes early planteil almost as late in their progress as those put in the ground not over a week. The backward cold weather is consid- ered fiivorable for the winter rye and the earlier sown spring wheat: the latter on the high warm lands is said to he promising. The prospect of a crop of hay thus far seems not very promising upon land not recently turned up : the grass is said to be thin and spindling. The feed of the hard pastures and the green browse of the woods upon which some rely for the subsistence of sheep and cattle, remains almost up t;> the first of June very stinted. "The Best Plough ever made!" Just at the time when the editor of the Visitor was preparing a piece of ground, the oidy rocky land he has improved near the village, for a later crop of potatoes, Mr. Hall, an agent who is trav- elling through New Hampshire and Vermont for the purpose of introducing to our fiirmers a knowledge of the last improvement by Proiity of his celebrated Centre Draught Plou^li, called upon us with these iinpletnents at hand. We had made the best piece of work we ever saw quarts of milk daily, and in the fall were fit for the butcher. In the winter tbey are kept in stalls in a warm barn, littered freely, as occasion requires, and daily curried and rubbed. When the weather is fine, they are turned into the b;uMi-yard for exer- cise, in the middle of the day. Twice a day they are fed on cut oat and wheat straw, with a small quantity of bran sprinkled over it, for the sake of which they eat their allowance entirely up, and once a day cut hay ; they are salted four times a week, and liave roots, such as beets, carrots, po- totoes, or turnips, once a week. By cutting the straw and hay, cattle are enabled to eat their meal in 2.3 minutes; whereas, if uncut, they are engaged in masticating their food half the night, the labor and fatigue of which deprives them of the necessary time required for their rest. Advantages of thus Soiling Stock. — Mr. Pell carted from his barn-yard 230 loads of ma- nure, on the 10th of May, which was made in the preceding six months. On the lOlh of Novem- ber, from the same yard, he catted 23G loads more, avinagiug 30 bushels per load, made within the six mouths following Ibe lOlh of May. Five cows only were kept, which thus made 4C6 loads of good manure in one year. During the stnn- mcr, leaves, siraw, &c., were constantly thrown into the yard, and occasionally covered with char- coal dust. Each cow voided in six months, 6,000 lbs. of urine, which was absorbed by the refuse, and its strength retained by the charcoal dust, gypsum, &c. ; the manure, therefore, was intrin- sically worth the New York city price, viz., $1 the wagon load, or $4C6. In addition to making this great quantity of manure, the other advantages of soiling are — I. No cross-fences are required on the farm. 2. The cows give twice as nnicli milk as when run- ning at large. 3. They are fit for the sbandiles in the fall, being fat. 4. They are always ready to be milkelenli- fidly and more uniformly, and continued ihrough- out in excellent lieallb, and improved in condition from 30.S. to 40s. per head over those at pasture. The cows house-fed were kept on three-quarters of a statute acre each, whilst those that were pastured required one and a quarter aero of pas- ture, and a quarter acre of cut giassand vetchea, making one acre and a half for each; so that, upon the whole, about one half the extent of ground neces.sary for the keep of cows at pas- ture, was sufficient for those kept Ijoused. " I could adduce abundance of otlnir proof) fioni equally respectable gentlemen, in support of the superiority of this system to that in gen- eral use; but I shall content myself with merely saying, that if, according to Mr. Blacker, a gen- tleman who deserves the best thanks of the agri- cultural community, three cows could be kept on the same extent of ground as is at present required to keep one — the benefit thus resulting to the farming interest would be immense. But the in- crease of milk and butler consequent on its adop- tion, would not be the only resulting advantage — the increase of the manure heap would be equally advantageous. No farmer, I care not how good his practice may be in other respects, can farm profitably without a jilentiness of manure. Now, it has been calculated, that on an average, cows are not kept in the barn at present, more than eight hours each day, throughout the year. If such be the case, and I have no reason to question the correctness of the calculation, would not a cow that is house-fed summer and winter, [uodiice three times as much available manure as one pastured.' If, according to Mr. Smith's opinion, two cows could be kept in the place of^ one, six times as much manure could lie made — ; if Mr. Blacker's views be correct, nine times asi much manure could be realized. I contend, therefore, that the general adoption of this sys- tem would do away with a great deal of iho poverty, privations, and misery, with which thn^ small farmers are at present beset. And how? Bv increasing the means of subsistence." Noxious Insects. — Cucumber vines have been cleared of the yellow bug by covering their tops with the finest pieces of wool left after carding. • Speaking of the modes of dispelling noxious in- sects both to vegetation and animals, there can be no doubt that the smell of various substances, both animal and vegetable, decayed or otherwise, has a great effect in keeping them off"— as spirits of turpentine, for instance, for the curculio on the plum, and tobacco and other things for the peach worm, and sassafras poles to keep off" lice in ben-roosts. The general principle of the mat- ter seems to be this, that any strong aromatic ' vegetable substance or liquid will drive off' in- ' sects or animalculffi that exist on animal food, and any strong pungent animal effluvia will keep off animals that derive their living from vege- table food ; as the burying of a dead rat or toad has kept off bugs from vines, &.C.— Western Gar- dener. Lead Mine.— The St Louis Republican gives the following siatement concerning the Mam- iiioili Cave, recently discovered in Missouri, which, it says, it believes to be the most valuable Lead Mine in the United Slates. It has been \ purchased by a company at St. Louis for nearly | 825,000. " The operatives are now at work in a rave, the opening of which is about 250 feet from j where the discovery was made. This cave is 75 ' feet in length. The ceiling is of mineral, and It is estimated that there are from 200.000 to 400,- ■1 70 iS;i)C jTavmcr's iHoutl)lu biriitor. 000 pounds of ore in sij;!]!. It is from 12 to 15 inclifs in iliiiilincss. On tlje fjixir about the ren- tre of tlie ciive, as if fiilleii fjoni tlin ceiling', tljere are pieces or liodies of ili« niineriil vvliieli are estimated to wei^di 40,000 ll)s. Witliin tlie last three tiiontlis, under a very defective systeju of operations, an avernye of tun liands have been able to raise between 350,000 and 400.000 lbs. One fnrnace has been in operation during the linie, another is in progress of erei-tion. As yet the riches of that section are hut half erfornied when the sUin is in the most relaxed iitirl ile\ihle state, so thiit the fibres yield readily to the points, as scarcely any iracesare observable after the leath- er is tanned, further than upon the grain or epi- dermi.s The advanlaj;c3 of this over the old mode of tanning are, that it greatly (iicilitates the process, makes a belter leather, and saves bark and (i,x- ture.-'. In this way calf-skiiis can be laiincd in from ten to twenty dtiys, in cold white oak ooze, while by the old 'process the time ictpiired doe.s not average les.s than four monllis. This is a disideratum, in ;-npplying a means by which the tannin can he infused llironghout the hide or skin in the shortest possible time alter it is jire- pared and put inlo liie ooze, a strong objection to the old method being that the licrpiciit ttin- ning and re-lamiing of the two surfacei;, in order to tan the interior or body of the skin, is a posi- tive injmy to tlie leather, as it makes it harsh and brittle, and more liable lo bieak. 'riiis objection is obviated by the new process, which expo.'cs n^ much hirger suiface to the immediate action of the tannin, w hich is absorl ed so readily that the ooze must necessarily be renewed or strength- ened more li-cf|uently, whereby it never becomes sour. As respects the saving in fi.xtnres, it is stilted that as much leather can be tanned in five vals by ihis process as can he tanned in liltcen under the old system. M mUimdiM To PRESERVE Steel Instruments or Tools FROM Rust. — Take a |)iece of liuckskin and rub it over with a few cents ^vorth ol'tnercnrial oint- ment. This ;i()plied «ill preserve steel from rust, but will not take it oft" when once on. A .NEW PROCESS OK Tanniisg. — A respectable gentleman of Ohio a few days since ilesciihed to us a new method of tanning leather, for which he has taken out a paK'iit h.^Smv ^i::"hniXt^;ic:;::ectit;i.Rive.,co.>,einto. P;^l,,^heit l.;ys an.. v,,.,es,^Un;oa,.. ^wiainwo M-l-^o,:ot,.h,a,,,.Sa,ulwich; Rn.ni II Whitclacc, TaiiiNvorth and vunous oth- 1^,^ Msofconicalfb^^st■■o,ch.,alheu■ e ,: J« artoi.t or reject tlie name which have fc. is Mountain, so 1 J,'ive you leave to , this .'oinniunieation or throw it among your waste (jiipers as you please, ==^ 7.,. „., ir „s isco.ifi-ltocometotl.evvilder.iess of America;andvei show a ve.7 ''"^/'"'f ''* '^"'S' \,„ ' ."' es fi'on. iW the mantle has fallen on the sons. denlly asserted, Engla.ul alono 1'"''=''^^''^ ''°'o ^a i ,,, ,„n„or.ioi. of the voun:? n ,,er eilonies and iVom other con„tnes.,0,WO ,„,„„.ls of wool every yea,- to -"WH}^^'"^ „,„„rac.o,-ies, and H'" ' «"'^""' ,%en rV,sc »,.,n,lv incrcasin": and il we, at piesmt, laise ^ l^ve"gh^lroftl,c.p.a„ti,y|■equi,■edU,ro.n• :lvi,eo,■s,l,nption,wl,iehisyearly..|crcas.ngal=o B.uelv this is no time, nor is ou,s a count y i, 1, cli to slaughter shee,. for the.r 1-«^1>^. •"•'',;,;. low Kveii supposing they were t^oaise, long w;ole,Mieep, i/wo.,ld have been iar.cu.j-u have „ui-chuscd aood Merino bucks to (.lo^,= wun U^l^e'docks, than to have disposed ol them as they have been dis|iosed ol. . Depend on U those sheep will b- nns.cd du i„{ .l',e coming season. The wool bnsu.ess ,s ■jEREMIAll WILSON Gilmanton, April, 1845. Clay on Saudy Land. Sotue nine or .en yea,-s ago, in the early part of ,„v farn,in-, I had occas,on to . eepe.i a wel a ,0 t^ s X or eight feet. The ear.!, thrown^ out was . tenacious"blue clay,.just da.np enougn o cu, into lumps, and adhesive enough to e„ a„ so After finishing the well the, nan u ho had ?■ ,..,P nf .he farm was at a loss to know wlie,-e ' 4^!teiU Havingabaresa,KlyknolM,,cmc of he fields, which was not inaptly te,-me 1 pei- "1, Iprope tv," IVoni its being wa(te,l about by Tv y b e ze,-here to-day an,l there t;'-;'"""- it occurred to me that the clay would hold the] '.ml and form a soil. 1 acco.dmgly ordered .t , nXrl the.e hi heaps, the same as ,t n,a,uire. T ^wash U^sumn,l,' In the fidl the lumps wee scatte,-ed over the surface, an" ' « ^-"f^^^^ 1-ouud U. have broken ''^'^^'b crumbled at, sal ed like lime. These heaps were ■e'l^'f 'I' '"^^j'J ^^ cl-iv evenly spi-ead over the snrlace. 1 be liel. re -eive 1 a coat of manure, was p oughcd, and sowTw. boats an.lpeas. That where the clay wrapplied p.-oauced.hehirgestand,nc. vg- orons growth, of any part ol the h' '' • ^ ' ' '^ fdl it «as sown with rye, and seeded down «,th oh -and clove,-. The rye as w^ell as the c lo ver v,as niucli tuore vigorous and he^ivy ., n tl than any other part ot the field. In laU, the Forme.l u.e that he lost h,s crop ot gras. o,, that IKUtin con=el,..encc ol ,.s_ lodg.ng. /'"'■■^ ';''= pel-sonal was ,uade real or fast pro,.er.y, tuid .e- niains so to the pi-esent day. „ff„„,^ Having experienced such benefical effects from,! Xing e av with sand, I wasa te,-wards ,n- :hu",ltot,-ywhat eff-ect ^-'^^ r'':'TuZ wl rather reteiitive soil. The ga.-den at Th ee ills Farm, is a stiff clay loam .-estmg on a stiong te- n.oio^sclay subsoil, rather ^f ^^ '--"'<; '^XZ The second year after I pn,-chased and •5>" P°-^, Bession of it, I caused a coat ot san.l, bom si. to ei"ht inches depth to be put on one .q.tares, whi.-h was spaded in w,th the ,nanure ;nd 1 had the satisfaction of witnessing the ,uost £ ratifvi.ig results-.he crop on .hat square was ^a nVei^.ortoany other in the garden. Since 1 et' I have cansc.l over five hundre.l one-ho,se car loads of sand to be put in the garden and the effect is still visible although the sand has disappeared.-C. Yemeni's Addrtss. dt^stined to inc-ease in this country at a rapid ,-,le ami to an enormous extent. 1 he deinan I C;;oo here and abroad, will "« ---^ J^ to the .lemand for cotton as regards U.e un, o of pounds, and I hesitate not to say ""^t '' ■^'l!^. •„, l„,la,-s and cents the wool "°1' ^ \v,nA many vea,-s, suriiass .he cotton cro].. All things olle,-e.l we can raise wool ,u tins eo.H,t,y and put it into our own and forcgi nunkets, '■"' M-'f we c-,n o° om- westcnl ..rairies. If they will not "'""'^' .ke \"f .^ they must' he content to be .l,-,ven t of every ,na,ket by a superior cheapness of ^nrlrmLulUctm-ed article. Nay o.,,- oiun- ioii is that it will not be long ei-e we shall see oiie'of those fa,-famed Saxony flocks turnuig the -noses westwa,-d, to join their b,-ethren al- 'adyXe. We ca,; raise wool on our prau.e •,t .nices which even we oui-selves at p,e.,eni i ,;,vle-.tnof. A finer soil, a -veete,- teed, and a better air for tl,e,u cannot he Cnnd an n,ising wool there is, at p,-esent, and K" ^^^'^ V II he the best business the arme,- can lo lovv. U'e have already gone at it; let us 1«';1' »'>';,' » |,ear no more of slaughtering sheep lo, t_l,en Its and tallow. pel OMONS.-The average yield of this crop in thfX,UyofEssex^Ma.^OO insl-c^s^per Th:^r::r:x :tl::^ or.— and labor ,0 at L^-e may be eitimate.l at doMe t;^t required for Indian corn: this estimate is heheved lobe s ■ 1 ";.;.i;-.;r .... V"°v?'; ""''s " ' ...u-deniu"- maybe done by cinhhen. I'm }<^" i^:,: si,a-o,n 30,000 to 60,000 '"-'-^ "' " ea have been raised in the single town ot Dan- ilt The average value ot the crop when , o;;dittoinaiket,^s fifty cents P--/'--;,.^ ^r.O i.er acre. In what way can so fair a p,ohl he ,-ea'lised irom the land ?-Proc!or's Addrcss.- Alhmvj Cultivator. SIX From the Aiierican Agriculturist. New Enslaud Emigration. The spi,-it of cnigration so rife i" N?"/^'"";. land, ten'ding as it has, w,thui > '« '^l^^fif; ;\,'^ twenty years, to concent,-ate the '-"'^'^ ' J;"- :;nd/of a few, is prod.tcing ^^.S''-' -l"! ^ ^1^^ nous influence on their "S''"^"""'"' "'^l,-,, ,,,d oi.f,-atiu- against those ,mp,-ovemen = uluch :e.;;i;^:^ted i:V Ml enlightened agrunit,^^^ of .he i.resent day. 1 have been led to this ton L,':.' in :;ewi,^ the -'i""^v''o^r" ,-;'p n 1} lectcd land th-at abounds ,n almost evuy pa to 1 New England, and it has induced me lo make a 11; disposed to examine it, and give h,s v,ews of '^^^[|^h:'a,':'™--vith the habits of, 1. pen, CO -Now England, have observetl their d^s- Slonto,-oveoverthef^,ceoftieg^ob- v^ n,e i- this that no country or island can be \,s wl e a so,i of New England has not pe.ie- ■aled The wilds of the west, the dese Is ol the eas,; the i y shores of the north, the luxur, ,t an.is of the south, and the -^age - «- t,", ,d "f ocean, all have representatives i.-on the la cl oi d,e ni ".iu.s" dwelling in the,r midst, it s.cms ' VJ a-ii inbred P'-i'^^iple^t'"; 'r'TY.ef.^f-ufers ivilized man never trod befo,-e. ri.en lathe,. Slaughtering Shekp for Pelts and Tal- Low.-I observed in a recent nu.nber o a nev ^^ the part of Ohio fai-mei-s, or rather does it notlseime \"lar"e proportion of the young men of Nevv Eii'dand, who have been t.ained to agncullural - p,n°si,its, are leaving theh; hon.es and 'l^"'P-f''S o the west in l.u,-suil ol a lo.-.une. Ihoylook upon the west as an El Dorado, where every- ll,in<' is to be gained and nothing can be lost ; alas" ho\v tnany, after struggling lor years to find it, are doomed lo disappointment. Go into any of' our villages au.l ask, " Where are a your yoin.g men?" and the .-espouse u.ll be, bono to the west; they could not he induced lo slay at home and improve our ' worn-out lau. s, when he west was ope.i to then, as 'a lam flowing vlTthmilk and honey.'" Westwar.l 'l'« t,.le o, emi",-ation makes its way, and what can be do.ie tost'ayits progress? All classes seem to look monahonietrtthevvest as the greatest earthly „ Uses^ion. A man that can be conlente.l to stay !,t ho.ne and cultivate a farm, with all the nat,ii-al advantages its location gives hitn for a '"»■•;<-' -l^ .houiiht by many to be weak-„,,nded. 1 s lb s inf;,tuatio„ for the west, causing u t ny o sell "heir farms that they may eniigrale, which th.-ows so much land into the i,ossess,on of '^o'"!'-'; " tivelv few indivhiuals, not leav,ng enough cn- ,.aned in agricultu,-e to cultivate then, ,,, a proper manner. They are furthermore er,pp e,l by the (act that in most cases those who purchase them, instead of being able to return lo the land a pro- ner share of what is taken from .t, must send ,t , 0 the west to pay fbr the very land they are not Ll.le to improve. The laud at the east ,s uupov- erished to in, prove the land at the west. None can deny that the west holds out g,-eat ten,ptatious to the farmer who has become d,s- 1 u'teued and tired of working the ""P^v^-"?! ^ ' land of New England, in the cheapness o the ad and the fertility of the soil, yet st.U doubt whether these inducements overbalance the ad- ' ma es all .Uings considered, a farm at the east .olesse. Probably two-tbir.ls of those who a e , ig'-atetl west could have 'nad,3 .,,o,-e mo- , ey at home, will, the same amount ot 'f «' '"d rfva.ion they lhe,-e endure, ,t money be tier ohieet If education and social privileges a, e h, ought into the account, the east possesses eveiy ■iiK'anta"-e over the west. . f he^land be higher and the sod not so rich at the east, the farmer does'uot require so much of the for, ner, and the lallor can be made as iei- U e s they w sh, if they will use the knowledge ac d beibre them. Here the far.ne,- has a ready , arket for all he can ,-aise, at m.ich lugher pr.ces ha,i at the west; and as nia.infactor.es, net-ease, 1 the demand is mo,-e tiian the supply. 1 he east e,'n fanner has an a.lvantage ,n being able to I , -chase cheai.er all he wishes to buy, m conse. ;„re of th^ saving of transportation. The a ricultural products of the west n,ust necessa- 'iirseek a distant .narket, and articles that can- not be produced tl,e,-e must be retur,ied in ex- cham-e The li-ansportat,on, commissions, &uC., tlutr^operate as a bounty in favor of the east- fo.-cing the western farmer to sell cheape, and huy dearer than his eastern neighbor. By relei- ence to the prices of agricultural slap es, I I id that they are fion, 25 to 50 per ce.U. ess at the west than at the cast, so that though ihetr crops ,-e 10.^ abundant, they .lo not in lac. .-eahze as much in p,-opor.ion for them; and w ,en they "d he cist of clearing the land, the difTei-ence ' ,ice of labor and agricultm-al implemen s e heavy taxes for farm buildings, fences, roads, .eho -houses, churches, and other improvements hat are nece sa,-y in all new States, emtgran s vvul fi.'d their land has cost then, i.ea.ly or qu.te as innch as it does in the Eastern States. Tl e lau.l in New Engla.,d is not so poor a.n worn out as many have been led to suppose. I - ."il i.as bee^i cultivated for a long bme. I- s that a suflicicnt reason for its n<.t yielding moi e ah udaully? 01.1 E,.gland has been louger un- de "u vation, yet they fin.l no dif icuhy ,n pro- duci' the largest crops everra.sed in any coun- n V ecaiselirey cultivate their lands on sc.en- ^c p Ucip^ ^''« fi"-'"rr N..W Enoln d go and do likewise, they wi 1 find hen hi d l,-in''ing ford, abundantly. It any doubt ; 'a ;,-ial vvill convince them that poor New En g- •nd cm still produce large croi.s. 1 he sun I* es- -euU,l y, and the showers a,-e as abnn- 1 t as tliey ev^rwere; large crops /,at'. been r:^ed whaUtlien,isin.h.Mvayolonrtarme,-s 72 Ql\)C jTarmcr's iHontl)ln Visitor. success? It wants the sons to slay at lioiiie and study tlieoieti('al and piaclical (arniiu!; witli a diiciiniDation lliat they will do their duty ; then we sliould not hear the land evil 8|iokeii o(J or so many roinplaints of tlie necessity of emigrating to make a liviii;;. « » » » » I trust that n hrijihter day wiH ilawn upon us, when Slate and county ai;ricidtural societies are formed throu^'hout our hmd. 'I'liey are hej^in- Iiin^ to wake ii|i the farmer to the importaiiee ol seientilic a^'rienliural knowled^ie in the cidliva- lioii of land. The shows and meetiiifis of the societies tend to difi'nse practical infurinalioM nmoiij: tlicni, and incite thern to study the hest nielhoils of usirifr their manm-es, and what ina- uiires they should use on their difl'erent soils to produce the hest crops, and such other aiiiicid- tnral iidbrmatiou as they need, leading theni to expect greater results as the reward ol' their la- bor from year to year. Much has heen accom- plished in the few last years by the aid of these societies in raising the standard of aa;ricidlure ; hut there is still a f:i<*''i"'i' work to he performed by the agriculturalists of our land, before it will occupy the high position to which it is entitled. Let us see to it, that New England has the hon- or of being first in this us well as other enter- jnises. S.C.CHARLES. Middktoum, CI. The new Postage Bill. — Forilie iiiforination of our readers, we give in n condensed IVirra the rates of postage upon letter, newspapers, and pampltlets, as regulated by the new liili, by the last Congress, which goes into opera- tion on the first day of July next ■. — ON LETTERS. Single letters or any number of pieces not exceed- ing half an ounce, 300 miles or less, 5 cts. If over 300 miles, 10 " Drop letters, (not mailed) 2 " For each additional half ounce or part thereof, add single postage thereto. ON NEWSP.tPERS. Newspapers of 1,900 square inches or less, sent by Editors or Publishers, from their offices nf publi- cation, any distance not exceeding^O miles. Free. Over 30 miles and not exceeding lob, I ct. Over 100 miles, and out of the State, li " All sizes over 1,300 squares inches, postage sauie as pamphlets. ON PAMPHLETS, &c. Pamphlets, magazines, and periodicals, any dis- tance, for one ounce or less, each copy, 2 cts. Each additional ounce or fractional part thereof, IJ '' ON CIRCULARS. Quarto post, single cap, or paper not larger than single cap, folded, directed, and unsealed, lor every sheet. 2 cts. Prices of Provisions. — We hardly know- how to account for the present high juices of everything eatable in our market. lUitter 24 cents per pound ; beef steak 12 cents ; roasting pieces 11 do. ; poultry 10 to 18 do., and haid to lie got at that ; ham 10 to 32 cents — and other things in proportion. These i|uotations are liigher than those of any other city in tin; Union. Why it is that Boston, situated in the midst of a most productive cotmtry, and couunaniling supplies in every direction, should be subjected to higher ])rices for jirovisions than other cities, we cannot imagine. So (ar as it affords evidence that the labor of the fiunier is well remunerated, we do not complain ; but we suspect il is not the farmer who " cuts the fat" in the way of profit. -Boston Mail. [It is about tiine that the farmer .should get a fair profit on his products,us well as other classes.] Foreign Pisoussions on Agricultural Subjects- ['I'lie fi)llowing extracts, says the N. M. Farmeri arc from the London Agricultural Gazette. Of the applicability of any of ihc remarks to our own country, wc leavt; our readers to decide; — and we wotild observe here, as the opportunity is fitting, thiit il is no easy matter for the editor of a Strictly agrieidtiu'al paper, to select, invariably, such reading for his patrons, as will be sure to minister to their grutificution or lo |Moinoto their interests.] If'ahfietJ Fanmrs' Chih.— At the late anmial meeting of this Club, Mr. IJrakenridgo read a pa- llor on the Causes of Failure in Clover Crops. These causes, he snggcstivl, might ai'ise — 1st, From the exhaustion in the soil of the food upon which clover chiefly depends; and this may, in some degree, arise fiom clover being too fre- fpiently sown upon the same land. 2d. It may be attribuiable to the careless manner in wliicii clover seeds are too freipiently sown upon fidlow wlieats, without any preparation, by which much of the seed is lost in the deep fissiues, or destroy- ed by the beat of the sun, or by cold zi\(\ wot. ;5d. IJy lurniiig in sheep or young beasts lode- pasture upon the young clover in the autumn of the first year, by which plants aic so weakei.'ed as to be unable to stand the frost, wet, and cold of the succeeding winter. 4th. From the luxuri- ance of the grain crops under which the clover has been town, by which the plaut.s of young clover are weakened, and left with slight root- hold. Keniedies suggested.— First cause: Applica- tion of lime or gypsum, in the calcined slate, potash, and sulphuric acid ; plowing deep every time the laud is fallowed, so as to bring up a poi"- tion of the sidisoil, to be pulveriseil and incorpo- rated with the surface soil by atmospheric action, and by culture ; laying ckiy upon, or drilling clay ashes into, very light soils. 2d cause : HaVrow"- ing betirire sowing the clover seed, so as to fill u|) tlnMissures, and prepare a bed of ficsh mould in which the seeds can vegetate. Rolling after sow- ing, except in open grounds, which should also be rolled befoie sowing. 3d and 4th causes — Abstaining from turning in stock upon the clover in the aulmiin, and from rolling with a sharji roller, that is, a heavy roller of small diameter. Subse(]uently, a variety of opinions were ex- pressed by the mend)ers present; all agreeing that rolling is one great means of presiu'ving the young clover plant during winter; in confirma- tion of which it was slated that on those parts of the field over which the carts had passed in tak- ing off the grain crop, there the clover has after- wards been observed to be the best. The iriajori- ly of the memhers seemed to incline to the opin- ion, that clover could not he grown lo advantace more frequently than once in eight years; fjut others maintained that by the application of pot- ash, lime, salt and gypsum, (which contain the chief mineral (constituents of clover,) it might be grown successfully every fom- years. Best mode of sowing ll'heal and quantity per acre Mr. Johnson verbally introduced this subject for discussion. He recommended drilling, wher- ever it is practicable; and staled that he genejal- ly plows his clover leys only 3 or 4 inches deep, then rolls with a heavy roller, and harrows light- ly, and afterwards drills fiom 2 to 3 hushels'per acre, varying the (piantity according to the quali- ty of soil and other circumstances, but never sowing less than 2 bushels. He recommended this mode of sowing clover leys, (to which his observations were chiefly confined,) in preference to pressing aiul sowing broadcast. Blr. Charlesworth niaintaiiied that never le.^s than 3 bushels ought lo be sown; that he had liiund this to answer best on his fiuin, and had much ratlMU- fiml it necessary lo harrow up |iart of his crop in spring, if too thicit, than have too thin a crop. That he should much prefer a crop th.-it he could smile at, than one wliicli the world would laugh at. Mr. flluore was of opinion, that on good land, 1 1-2 bushel of seed is sunirient, as he had fomid on his own farm. He drills all his wheal, and sows 12 inches apart. The result of the discussion was a resolution to the eflect that in the opiidoti of the meeting, generally from 1 1-2 10 2 1-2 Imshels of whea'i, according lo the (piality of land, is tiie most ad- visahle quantity to be sown per acre. Thorn Fences. Mr. Briggs volunteered n jmper on ihoin fence,", ile gave it as his opinion that the com- mon Thorn formed the most effectual and eco- nomical fence;; and recommended that thelhoiii plants should he at least five years old bcfoi-e be- ing |il.-mted ; that u trench should be first dug, about 18 inrhcs deep, and the width of a com- tuon garden spade, in which 4 inches thick of good rotten manure should be laid, and covered with the top soil. Then cut the plants and set them 4 inches apart in a single row, leaving about 3 inches of the stem out of the gromid. Afterwards, cut or clip the shoots made in the fust year, both at the sides and within 10 inches from the ground, and perform the same operation each succeeding year, early in spring,leaving the liiice C) inches higher at each clipping, by which means, in uboni eight years, a thick and" imper- vious fence of upwards of 4 feet iii height, will be obtained. With regard to recl.iiming or renovating old .•itrui'gling Thorn-lie surmising that the rotation of crops will, by and hy, give way lo systems of the kind you an; now experimenting upon, and take their place among the vulgar errors of the )M'es- enl age." As a corroboration of the prarlieabili- ly of the [dan, .Mr. Briggs inentioned thai Mr. Holt, of lloibury, had grown wheal on the same laud for 23 out of a series of S,") year.--, and had obtained crops yielding never less than 39 bush- els per acie. Irrigation. Mr. Charuock read a paper on the Benefits of Irrigation, in which he brought fiuward various instances of the wdiiderlul efic'cts of irrigation, when properly conducted, especially in pi-t^iiciug n luxuriant and rapid growth of grass, which might by this measure, he cut three or four liuiea during the year. In the course of the ensuing discussion, it was unanimously agreed that irriga- tion is a veiy useful means; but that in all eases where the l.-iiid is in any degree reteiilivii of water, it is iibsolutely necessary lo under-drain il thoroughly before adopting the process. \Vi-.sTF.R.\ Currency. — The Cincinnati Adver- tiser gives a curious account of the nature of Ihe currency out west, befoie coined nuuiey grew plenty there. In the " Quei'U City," racoon skins were first used in baiter. When forts came lo be built by the government, and especially after the Indian canipiiigns, specie was not so scarce. i?ri)c iTarmcr's i^tcintl)li) btsitor. 73 As tlie iiioiiej', liovvever, whs in gold or Spanish diillars, it ilid not leinove tlie piitiiriil diflicnlly of iiiakin;; chiiMfre in the same cinieiK-y. In "this 1)<-M|)lexily, the early seltleis coini:.! cnt money, that is to say, a doMar was cut into lour equal parts, worth twenty-live cents each, or again di- vided for twelve aiul-a-halt" cent pieces. This was soon snpercedercssing on the handle, and with this exertion make holes about eighteen inches apart. Having dissolved one ounce of nitre to three gallons of water, fill the holes with the so- lution. No manure must be given. Should, af- ter stoning, the tree appear unable lo sustain the fruit, the following preparation may be applied in the same manner:- To one gallon of blood add one gallon of water and one ounce of pot- 74 (S:i)C farmer's iilontblB^isitor. aslMslir (l,e vvliolo well t„snllicr, nn.l vvhe.i jt hLW.lle.l, |)0.a- off tl,e liq-.i-l, "'kI umx o..e ^a - l„ „f ,l,i. li,|,ml will. on. fz.llon ot wale ..m pour il ii.tu holes made in tl.e manner alicady described. — lb. To PRESERVE Eggs for a lo.no time.— As Boon as l.ens l.egin to lay in 'I''; fl".'"^''. X!- • eadiefii; will, a thick coatms of lanl, or oihe sort .neas., and then lay then, with the small end downwai-.l.sin .-.•gnlar pile., on the cellar Zr onu.cU.hem in earthen jar. filled wnh melted fat, not hut; this keeps out the an O, lee . then/in jars, and ponr lin.e water on then,, Ivhi'eh Ueeps'.he air out, and en soil,' 1 heg to say, the cut- worm would not he found in corn, were it not planted in sward or sod land., They are the pro- Leny of a species of heelle, or other msect,whiel could never proi.agale its kind without the aid ol dung, which is 'found in grass-fields, that have l.een fed l.y horses or cattle, and in this they en- close their egg, or eggs, and sink them a given distance below the surface; hence, an antnmnal or winter ploughing "f such land destroys them, bv exno-^iue lo the rains and frosts ot that inclem- ent season-a doctrine whicli at last has met with the ooncurreiiee of every practical man among lis." (r?= We have seen the fiillowing very simple plan of stump clearing, adopted with gooil suc- re^^.—Take a strong, stiff, hard -wood suek ot timber, say fifieen or twenty feet long, and six inches in diameter; ent around the slump, and take otr some of the roots ; then place the limber upri-dit against the slump, :md chain them to- jrether strong ; from the up.perend, which is now in the air, let the cliains pass to the axletree ot a pail- of cart wheels, to the tongue ot uliici a pair of strong oxen are attached; when all is I-ea»Wi'» Farmer's Guzdlc. Remedy for Cnoi.ic in Horses.- Pissolve a i)iere of opium, about Iwo-lhirils the si/.e of a hazelnut, (siy about twrnly grains.) ami hall a pint of bramiy, and pour it .hiwn by the usual liielhod of a liollle, or horn. Mercer, or Neshanock, is becoming leebe , would be belter to intro-hice in the Wes , kni.U which are as goo.l. G. Keep the grouml clean from the start ; don't work when the ground is at all wet or n.iuhlv, or after the blossoms appear, as cutting the roots is very injurious. TuRMP Raising in Stiff Soils.-A few weeks before sowins, si.read over a tew inches of ol. I straw; burn it just before sowing lime; Ibis destroys all insects, and the fly too. The Locust.— The yellow ami black arc easi- ly cultivated IVoin seed; they grow rapi.Hy, and are very valuable for poslsand limh.!r; the poi s are easily gathered when ripe, an.l the seeds planted in ll.e sa...c fitll or spring; tt. make them veoetate soon, pour hot water on them just as CCr- Several trials made with the Ariicl.oke, in.licate that it is one of the n.ost valuable f^^.r stock which .-an be cultivale.l. A few years ago Dr. Martin raised a coubi.lerable number, and probably does still, in some rich ground, rather low ami not much suited for other purposes. The produce was very large, and at 'he iMc ot about one ihousan.l bushels per acre. I bey are principally harvested by hogs, which are turue.l in and allovve.l to root them up as their appetile promple.l. They do well as long as '.''ese ast A great a.lvaun.ge in this root is, that it will lie in the gromul all winter. The tops can be used IVir fodder. — Ih. CTT' Mr, Ellsworth states that he could hardly sumfo^e that such vast qnautilies of Strawberries are sold in the markets of Ci.icinuali, as one hun- veoetate soon, pour hot water on mem jum a» are sol.l in the maiKeis oi,...e .,„.., ...■^.- i!ey are planle.l. The honey locust can be pr..- .,,,,i ,„„,,els daily,as wel as «'«''''«,. ':^^.', ' ^ , ':.. .1... <.„..,„„„.,■ Knt i« not of much .■.,;.,,. „ri!.j«nl,KtTies.aud then Blackberries whK-l jiaf/rtteil in the same way ; but use either for limber or hedges. Stringhalt, sometimes called Springhalt. —This is an afieclion of the nerves, which com- municates motion to the muscles ol the horses le.'s The precise nature of this delect has not bireii ascertained, nor has any cure tor it been discovered. Spent Tan and Saw Dost.— Usefid for ma- nure, particularly for trees and shrubbery. A Load of Manure.— Commonly about thirty bushels. Pork for I815.-lt seems iirobable, from present prospects, that pork will comman.i at least remunerating piices ihe coming tall, an.l those farmers who had the fbresight to see ins, an.l have wisely provi.led thcmsehes wil i a sufiicieut stock of a good l.ree.l of hogs,_will be likely to reap their reward. — 'llbawj CuUwalor. Osage Orange.— This -rows wild in Missouri, Arkansas, &c., where it is found twenty to twenty-five fi^el high. It Ims lately become a favorite for liedi;es,an.l has succeeded well every- where in the Middle ami Ei;slpni States. It is easily raise.] fi-mn the seed. )t is very branch- in" ; each branch being armed wilb numemus sharp ihorns. The wood is tough and solid. Ihe male an.l female flowers are on separate trees; the lemale bears IVnil in a very lew years. I he halls contain IVoin one hundre.l to two hundred an.l fifty see.ls. It will bear trimming and .dip- pin" well, and the heilge can be made very Un.;k •in.f close at the bottom. It is very beaulilul in appearance. — lb. Pumpkins and Cimlins in Corn-Fields.— il titles of Raspberries, and then Blackberries whu^h follow in succession. This will give out neigh- bors in the East some idea of our |.rospects m this way for fruit. For qiiaiility, quality and size, all comliiued, we think we shall soon surpass the world beside. — lb. Potatoes.— Rules \n avoiil the late disease in the East, or any .Jther. I. Plant on hxiiny soils, of meilinm ilrvn.'ss. 'Z If slabli; mamir.- is iise.l, mix it well wilb loam, and not (especially it fr.'sh,) in too gr.Nit .p.anlily in the hill. 'i. I'laiit jjood sized, sound potato.'S, .•i.lfuig onlylh"' larg- est ones. 4. Plant as early as lb.' grouml is in a proper slate. 5. Plant only the hardy kinds; the I eraiin ./ corn will jiretty much smother all.— W. Sheep's Tails.— There seems to be no advan- ti,"e ill culling them otT; on the contrary, it the taUs are shorn before the sheep are turned to .tra^s (here will be no more duty ones than il Uiey lia.l no tails, and the w.)ol of course will pay more than Ibur-lbld for shearing.— i6. Scratches in Horses.— The sprinkling of plasler of Paris on stable fioor.s, is not only an exe.dleiit plan lor arresting the fertilizing gas ol ammonia lor manure, but it prevents horses hav- ing the scratches, or sore heels.— ii. Soap Suds.- Apply them lo melons, s.inashcs, and cucuinb.'rs, or to any plants mtesle.t with tin; plaiil-lousc. (TT^The lion. H. L. Ellsworth, in his most vahmble Report of Patents, most jnslly observes "that the science of Agricultun; has now, at lem'lh, become a geiiei;al stu.ly, anil much givaler iii.provemenl may be expect.'.l. Worn out laiuls, that have been, as it were, abanihme.l, are now beiii" r.-cl,Vuiied iiiuler s.;ieiililie treatineiil. Gu.'s.^-vvork,and here.lilarv noli. ms, are yi.d.lmg to analysis, ami the appliciiliim ..f chemical prin- cipl.-s.' 'i'he wriliims of leaiue.l agrn-ulturists m Mui-.ip.' are liauslale.l iiilo ih.' I'.nglish language, thus pomiiiga b.i.lv of new light up.ui the palli of the hiisbaii.liiian." In a.l.liti.m lo this, we may r.iuark that, what is the most important eon.si.leralion <.f all, is, that the most imlnstrions and careful alleiilion is being pai.l by agriciiUur- ists 10 every mailer that is Iraspirmg in Ihe iiii- me.liale iie"ighborhoo.l of all cullivalois, loa.lapl every produce and practice lo Ihe particular soil, climate, an.l ciiciimslanci;siii which tli.'y are op- H'csleiti Farmer. (fr- Clover is a profitable crop raised for see.l at foiirdollarsa bushel ; more profitable, in tact, than any kind of grain.— /6. lyf Till clay soils when neither too wet nor too dry; fibrous roote.l plants are best on clay, as wheat; beans, oats, clover, cabbage, grass, &.c. Anything which will produ.-e permanent ti lalili- tv in cl.ay soils, such as sand, lime, burnt clay loose liM.t ye"eiable matter, or long unlermeiile.l manure, will alter its texture and improve lis qualiiy.— ii. cry Our fathers have left us a noble ii;''«j''- tai^, and it is our duty to improve "• ^J I';'' surer basis can we have for national wea h, tha a learne.l and euier,.risingagricnU.ue ? llou can we moieeffectiiallv sti-ngtheu the lies ot mlei- P»t thai bind the exlremiiies ol our country in hi.lissoluble union, than by auguieuting |l"= "'""- her and the value of their useful pro.lnclions.'' How can the intelligence of a people be moru liivorablv developed, than by an art wliici. gives so wi.le" a scope lo comparative sagacity, ami which brings its conclusions to the test olini- „iediateex|.erience? Who are more like y to l,e devoted to their country, than those who ha^e atlacbp.l the hopes of their children to us soil. There is, besi.les, in the professi.m ol agriculture, someihin^' so congenial to republican manners ,1(1 nalurally expect to see the freest ■ '■ I the contesi of sor.lhl passions, ami snrroumle.l by „ll thai is necessary to his ''"l'im;'^^'f.'l'« '"'=;• bandmaii has no imhicemenl to cal.-nlale the ..- terest upon political cnrruplion. A laborious l.le, s,,ent in the open air, in the majeslic \"-^^"^l^ Nainre, len.ls a correspoudiug simpli..ii> and elevati.m to his character. In pul station, a ,„i,iotis.>ften driven from his pnrpo.so by ihe ealoiis o,,posiiioii of his rivals; or by the inyiii- 'lible pr. -p ,lie,-s of his age, he inu.st at hjast sac- ifi.'e his free.l..m to .he duiles ol Ins ollu:e ; but m a life .levole.l to agricnllnral improvement, the purest sources of rational eiij..yinent arc umled. Ihe first want ..fa g.Mterous spirit is that ot being „.w„.rul to mankin.i, the second is thai of libeil).- .Michaiix. ^ . Pumpkins AND CiMLiNS in p^'-^-l' ''^^"'"--^ '''" " ^l e best cullivaled. IJemole IVom the the land is rich, and the -■rop of corn very hue it c.n ^ .'•;;,.'^;., ("^ ,,,ions. ami snrroumle.l by is folly to plant these things among It; for the I. -nntesiot sm.ii.i l>a . . . , Clean Culture. It is n fiict.tliat m-ound, whicli is kept fr.nn vegetation of anv kin.l, will not dry up so mn.-h as that on which a crop is grown. ' ";;;^ '';; many who .h.ubl this, but il tlK;ywo.ild n.ak., u proper examination, their .lonb.s will be remove Mai e an experiment-take a piece c.l grouii he gar.leii, ami Ime il over every day, or ot en ,.u..ngli to keep all kin.lsot veg.;lalion roiu stait- „,.'. Sow another piece a.lj.mimg wHb grass, . ,Tne kin.l of grain. ^<^r '"^'"'?'^'\ C:\Z three weeks, examine bolh pie.;.;s by digging mo them with a spade or shovel. 'Ihe carl, ot bo !!as :Vgrain'ph..willbelouiid.lry,l'-;^-« ■u,ihed.Tthofafo..l.ninor... '"'",'' .'w ,'' ,,„ ,i,i..d in only two orlh.ee "":l-^^7-l»-^; ^ , ' j il will be foun.l moist. ENaimue the gimi i.l i uoiId.aid,ina.liyiinie:ilwillhei.mndd.y^ „ „,,„ .,,.p,l,. If there is a tree in you. .on- |i.M,seeiflhegr.Hiu.lisnotninch.ryerne.M^j. ,l,.m.m similar !:roiind away Iroin the reach ol ilsiUts. Tl.e Vac. i«, 'be roots of vegetation 2SaE!3 iil\)t jTarmcv'e 4HmUl)li) IHsttor- /o (leplli liiinjr up llie nioistiiie fiom a greater (le| l:)\v ilic siirliice, iluin it could liu (lone liy siiul'le eva|ioiiiii()ii. This may be known l)y uoticiiig lunv iiHicli more inoistiiie is required to su|i|)ort a (Moi) iiC corn, when tlie st;dlis are nearly iull j;roun, llian in its earliest stages. Now, iVoiii all lliis we deduce an argument in .f;i\or of t/ofm culture,— ihitl is, a culture whic-li |,ermits no useless vejietation lo firow among cul- tivated crops,— iIm: advantage ol'wlncii \\ould lie to liive the crop llie vvliole henelit of tlie inois- tuie, and oilier nutriment of the soil, instead of giving a portion to worthless weeds. In a dry time, wo frequently hear farmers say, — "It will not ni the Idler in luly. A Sad Tale of Violence. All the iidiabitants of Naples are in a slate of excitement, caused by the murder of ftlr. and I\Iis. Hunt, which shocking event occurred close •X) Pacslum, on their return to that place. Murder, or indeed robberies, have been so iiidiequeni dur- ing the last few years, that this one has surprised nearly as much as shocked the Neapolitans. Mr. and Mrs. Hunt were bolh in the bloom of youth. Newly mairied, they had set out for Italy imme- diately after tlieir imptials, little anticipating that in ihe bcautilul land wliich they so eagerly jour- lieved to see, they shoidd so soon eniximuer a premature and violent death. 1 met them at Na- ples, but three days previously to the fatal event, and was so struck wilh the beauty of this ilKated young woman, that 1 inquired her name. Now that 1 hear it coupled with a horrible death, I can hardly bring myself lo think that one I so lately saw full of life and health, is indeed her, whose murder is the topic of every one 1 meet. The youth, personal altiactions and fond attachment of this yoimg couple, have awakened a lively in- terest and regret in the minds of all who are ac- quainted with the sail tale of their deaths. They were on their return frmu Paestum, attended only by a man servant, who was on the box of their calcche, w hen three or four armed brigands stop- ped the carriage, and menaced them with death, indess they immediately delivered their money and baggage. Mr. Hunt, a fine, spirited yomig man, was more disposed to oft'er resistance than to comply wilh this demand; but Mrs. Hunt, greatly alarmed, enlieated him to give lliem the hag of dollars, which was in the carriage be- neath their feet. His servant remonstrated with llie brigands, who, inc used at bis interference, violently ttnick him. Mr. Hunt stooped down, whelherto seize the bag of dollars, or Hre arms is not knoun; the brigands thought the lailer was bis inlention, and instaiilly tired at him. Mr.s. Hunt seeing a robber take aim at her hus- band, threw herself between them, clasping him in her arm.--', and leceived two halls which passed from her person lo his, morlally wounding both, 'i'lie brigands fled with their booiy, and some peasaiils hearing ibe shot, came to the spot, and jbumi the yoimg couple nearly insensible, and weltering in their blood. They removed the husband lo the next hut on the road, where he soon expired, and look IMrs. limit back to the wretched abode at Paestum, which slie had so lately quitted in the eiijo\ merit of as much hap- piness as falls to the lot of mortals. The melan- choly intelligence soon sjiread, and next day reached the residence of the worthy Miss White, an English maiden lady of advanced years, who inhabits a house at La Caba, and she soon set out on horse-back to offer her services to her uidiap- \>y couniry-woman. In the meanwhile, two young otfii-ers of the Revenge, who had gone to seo Paestum, arrived there within a short time of Buttons. — Tlie Haydens, two brotliers, com- menced the business of making Buttons, by hand, at Haydeiisville, near Nortliainptou, Mass., em- ploying only two or three bands besides them- selves. After a few years they enlarged their establishment, and tlieir business is said to have proceeded and increased as follows : 1835 1S3C, 1837 1838 Steel Pen-.- No. hands. 25 50 XUO aoo -In 1839, they Capilal. $20,000 30,000 50,000 100,000 idded the busi- ness of manufacturing Steel Pens to that of ma- king Buttons, and their o|)eralions were as fol- lows : 1839 2-25 $135,000 1840 235 130,000 1841 235 130,000 1842 235 130,000 1843 250 145,000 1844 275 176,000 In 1844, the number of Buttons manulactnred per day was 1600 gross ; and the number of Pens manufactured [ler day was 100 gross.--.1/assac/iu- setts Sjiy. Lahge Chests. — Horses that are round, or " barrel-chested," are invariably more muscular and enduring than those of the op|)osite kind. Scienillic sportsmen are, in a great measure, guided in their opinion of a horse's racing qual- ilicatioiis by hisf^rth just behind his shoulders; by this test, a well-known jockey (iriretold the reputation and prowess of the celebrated racer " Plenipoleiitiary," -almost bom the period of his birth. Cattle-dealers and hulchers, in like man- ner, judge by the chests and shoulders id' cows and jjigs wdiat amount of (at they are likely to eain in the process of feeding. All animals that iiave large lungs are remarkable liir the vigor of their appetite, and for the ficility with wdiich they appropriate their nutriment; such animals will li'Cil upon the coarsest hay and straw, whilst their less fortunately constructed com|)anioiisare fattened by no kind of food. An amusing iiiiec- ilote is related of a siiTi|deIon, who, in Iryiiig to sell his licu'se, declared that " /Ae nnimal^s eating tens a mere nothing,''^ The intelligence vvoiihl, contrary to intention, have snlliced lo ruin the prospect of sale, but that the buyer, with a rare discrimination, iutiirred from the horse's chest that the capacity of his appelile had been unwit- tingly mis-stated. He bought him on the hazard of an opinion, and had no reason to repent of bis judgment. — Medical Times. Poultry Houses. — If you wish your hens to lay through the winter, have their houses cleaned oiit thoroughly. Empty the nests of all filth, and have them scraped inside and out, and then white-washed. Place contiguous lo your hen- bouse, under roof, a peck or t\",oof lime, n bush- el of gravel, and a load of sand or ashes, so that they can daily have access to these substances. Milking Cows. The owners of cows should pay particular at- tenlion to milking. Children shoidd not be trusted wilh this business, and there are many grown people who never milk well, though they have Ixren brought up to the business. If you would olitaiu all the milk from the cow, you must treat her with the utmost gentleness; she must not stand Irembliiig under your blows nor under your threats. She may at times need a little chastiseiiieut, but at such limes you need not expect all her milk. Soon after the hag has been brushed hy your hand, and tiie ends of llie teats have been moist- ened a little with milk, it flows in rapidly, and all the veins or ducts near the teats are complete- ly filled. Then it must be drawn out immedi- ately or you will not get the whole. You must not sit and talk — you must not delay one mo- ment, if you would have all ihe cow is then ready to yield. Tlie udder should ho moved in every direction at the close of milking, and the hands may beat it a little, ill imitation of Ihe healing which the calf gives it when he is sucking. An expert milker will make the cow give one-quarter more in butter than a majority of grown milkers will. " One .season, at P'ramingham," says an expe- rienced writer, " we kept li-iur cows in the home lot; there was but little difference in the quanti- ty of milk given by each. We bad a i;er^ sieiidij hired man of forty years of age; he had carried on a fiirm in New Hampshirp, and had always been used to milking: but he was so slow the cows liad no patience with him. " We milked two of the cows, and he the other two, and v\e weva but little more than lialf as long as he in milking, though we got the largest mess by about one quart. On our remonstrating, that he did not draw out all the milk, he said his cows would not yield so much as tlio.se milked by us. We then made an exchange; he milked our two, ami we milked bis. In three weeks time the case was reversed; our mess exceeded his by nearly one quart. He never failed lo strip his cows to llie last drop; but his intolerable mod- eration prevented his obtaining what an active milker would have done. Young learners may practice on cows that are soon lo be dried oft; They should be taught at first how to lake hold of the teats, and tliey will remember it; but how common it is to let each child choose his own mode of milking! Learn- ers shoidd know that the hand should he kept very near the extremity of the teat, if they would milk with ease. The left arm should always press gently against the leg of the cow; (or if she is inclined to kick, she cannot, with any force; she cannot strilic an object that leans against her; — but if she raises up her fiiot, as she often will when her teats are sore, the milker will be ready to ward off" and keep it from the pail, much bet- ter than when he sits far oft' from the cow. If heifers are made tame and gentle by fre- quent banilling when they are young, they are not a|)t to kick the milker ; llielr udders should Jie rubbed gently before calving; it is quite as grateful to them as carding. But if they are suf- fered lo run wild till after they have calved, ihey cannol be expected to be gentle when you first attempt to milk lliem : they often acquire habits, and are not broken of them through — Emigrant's Hand-Book. bad lil'e. Savinsr Manures. " .Yothin^ must be nllou-ed to run aicnrj in the form of ajluid, or tojly away in the disguise of a smell.''. * * * Mark out a piece of ground on which the dung-hill is to be made, on - a good slope, if possible, and close by a pond. Cut a g'utter all round, and puddle it wilh clay, so as to make it water-light. Then, at the lowest part, outside the ;ilace where the dung-hill is lo lie, dig a sink-hole eighteen or twenty inches deep ; let this be well jiiiddled, and connected with the glitter already spoken of Things being thus prepared, throw down a layer of manuring sub- stances, about a foot deep; tread 'hem well down, and scatter some fixer over it ;— finally, water it well. In this manner go on, wilh layer after layer, till the heap is the desired height. — During the operation of making tlie heap, some 76 ^\)t irarmcr'0 ittontl)lij bisttor. water will have drained away ; in that case, it will have run into tin; ynltfr, and lieeii collected in the sinU-hnle. Sciiiipet tiie water out, as the work proceeds, and thiovv it back on the dung- hill. IC the hole is not large ennufih, another can he made near it; — none of the drainings must on any account be lost. It should have, at leatil, once a week, (or a. month, a good quantity of fluid thrown upon it. Pot-boilings, and soap- suds, are much better than cotnmon water; but mine is preferable to both. By these contrivan- ces nothing is allowed to leak, but the dung-hill becomes a soft mass, holding fast all which he- longs to it, except what flies away. To catch the latter is the purpose of the fixer. Tliere are many kinds of tixers, — oil of vitriol, green vitri- ol, blue vitriol, salt and lime, — not either salt or lime by themselves on any account — gypsum, &c., may be used ; hut some of ihein at all times, and in some cases all of them, have the fault of costing money. A sulistitiite which costs nothing except labor, is, therefore, to he sought for. — Such exists in cinder sifiings, charcoal dust, good black earth, peat or bog mould, rotten saw-dust, leaf-mould, black nuid from ponds, bottoms of wood stacks, soot, hi ick-dust, burnt clay, &c.— Some or all of these, may be had in most places." Mr. H. S. Thompson, of Kirby Hall, at the late meeting of the Yorkshire Agricultural Society, atDoncaster, recommended the plan he adopted, which was " to have a pit dug in the earth in which to throw the manure, instead of having it piled up on a heap. The bottom of the pit is water-tight, and has a slope towards the centre, where a tank is placed so as to receive the drain- ings from the nianure. These drainings are fre- quently poured over the manure, so as to keep lip a regular, but not excessive, fermentation. — He was in the habit of collecting nil the couch- grass, stubble, and other vegetable refuse which the farm afforded, and spreading it on the bottom of the pit to the depth of six or eight inches. — Tliis, when well soaked with the liquor that drained from the manure which was carted upon it, and fermented together with that nianure, was, he believed, as good as any other portion of the heap. In this way he had, last year, on a farm of two liundred acres of arable land, increased his nianure by two hundred single horse loads, which was equivalent to four additional loads per acre, fur his fallow crops. If the nianure was wanted lor immediate use, it should be light- ly thrown togelher, and, atier being well soaked with tank liquor, have a thin covering of Boil to absorb the gases which would otherwise e."=cape. In this case, it must be carefully watch- ed and well watered, fiom time to time, to pre- vent the fermentation from becoming excessive. If the manure is to kept six months or more, it Blioiild be made solid by carting over it, and have a thick covering of soil, which would nearly ex- clude the air. In this way manure may he pre- served for a year almost wiihnnt loss. In very dry weather, the drainings from the manure are not sufficient to keep it nioisl, and it becomes necessary to saturate wilh some other liquid. If the farmer has other tanks on his premises, it would he heller to use their contents for this purpose, hut where such are not at hand, plain water may bo used, and has been ll)und to ans- wer exceedingly well," — Economy of tVastt Ma- nures, Silk Culture in Ohio. In a teller from G. \V. (Jill, of Mount Pleasant- Ohio, to the Ohio Cultivator, under date of" Feb. 25th, 1815," he says: " We have furnished constant employment in the factory alone, to fifiy persons, besides those employed dining the summer in crowing co- coons : have purchased cocoons and reeled silk to the amount of over four thousand dollars, which were procured lioiii Jeffirsou IJelmonI, Guernsey, ("lawliird, Washington, rrankliii, Har- rison, Carroll, Muskingimi, H.iiuilton, and several oilier coiiiities in Ohio. Also, some Peiiusylva- liia, Virginia, Indiana an. I Illinois, wilh consider- uhle from Keiilncky anil 'I'l.'iiiiessee, — »ve have used no foreign silk whatever — (iom which, with our previous slock, we have uianufaclured over eight Ihoiisand I'ollars worth of goods, and hiui' more ih in hve thousand dollars worth in ils va- rious stages of progress, from reeled silk to warp in the looms, on vvhicli 10 operate until n new cro|) is grown." Inland Navigation to the West. The rolling flood of waters now pouring along by the Ohio, and the vast distances to which products are home by the numerous steamers on ils bosom, remind us of the great, and, compared with any other portion of the earth, most extra- ordinary extent of the inland navigation of the West. Let us take some particulars. It is con- sidereil a great voyage from New York to Liver- pool ; yet one may take a single steamboat trip on the waters of Mississi|i|)i equal to that. Look at this : Miles. New Orleans to Natchez 294 Natchez to the mouth of Ohio 718 From the Ohio to St. Louis 172 St. Louis to Weston « .,500 Weston to Council Bluffs 300 Council Bluffs to Fort Mandan 824 Fort Mandan to the Yello^v Stone.. 224 Total voyage 3032 This is the length of a voyage from New York to Liverpool — all performed inland — the point of deparinre being one hundred miles from the sea! Such is one of the voyages that may be performed in the great valley of the West. But take another: suppose a boat takes in pro- duce from Pittsburg to New Orleans, and should there be chartered to take stores to the Fur Com- pany's Fort, at the mouth of the Yellow Stone, and then returns to Pittsburg, what will be her voyage : Miles. Pittsburg to Cincinnati 498 Cincinnati to Louisville 137 Louisville to montli of Ohio 345 Mouth of Ohio to New Orleans. . .1012 New Orleans to St. Louis 1184 St. Louis to Weston 500 Wesioii to the Yellow Slone 1348 Yellow Slone to St. Louis 1848 St. Louis to the Ohio 172 The Ohio to Pittsburg 980 Total voyage 8024 Eight thousand mites might a steamboat run on the waters of the West in a regular voyage, be- fore she returned to her original port ! — Cincin- nati Chronicle. The Penny Postage, so successful in England, has given rise to another and important reform. Parliament has inlrodiiced a provision in the charters of railroad companies, compelling each lo carry third class passengers at a rate not ex- ceeding a penny a mile. Many of the leading roads heretofore incorporated have taken the hint and rednce boys ciillivate, and on which, in till! way ol' experiuKiil, the principles of agri- ciiliuie, and ils general practice, are, within a very liniiled exieiil, illuslraleil and tested. The eXHiriinalinn was euiinenlly successful, and cred- itable alike to the l*acher and the pupils. 1 was from this eslablishment that a detachmen of five pupils was sent for examination to tin great meeling of the Agricultural Society o Scotland the last autumn, where their attainment created a great sensation, and produced an irn pression, on the subject of the importance o agricultural education, which is likely to lead t< the adoption of some universal system on thi subject. I shall transcribe the account given of the oc casion : " Five boys fiom the school at Larne were introduced lo the meeting, headed by thei teacher. They seemed to belong to the belle cla.-is of peasantry, being clad in homely garbs and they appeared to be from twelve to fifieei years of age. They were examined, in the fin instance, by the inspector of schools, in gram mar, geography, and arithmetic ; and scarcely single question did they fail to answer correctly They were then e.vamined by an agriculiura professor in the scientific branches, and by twc practical farmers in the practical department o agriculture. Their acquaintance with these wa alike delightful and astonishing. They detailei the chemical constitution of the soil and the e( feet of manures, the land best fitted for greet crops, the different kinds of grain, the dairy, am the system of rotation of crops, ftlany of tlies' answers required considerable exercise of reflec tion ; and as previous concert between them selves and the gentlemen who examine idiU'tive beds ^\)t iTarmcr's iHontl)ln iJisitor. 77 of llie Hovey alone. Lnst spring, on llie lieiglits of Wiishinglon, I saw iin extensive [jlanlaiion of Hoveys — no oilier vnrietics being near — on the >v,.|ivity Dt" a hill, Croni the bottom of which, ' l.'jUiiii; upward, the plantation presented one cuiitiniietl and gorireons slieet of searlel. I shall soon Ije able to jtidjfe o( tJieir prodiielivencss tVi)m an experiment of my own, having put three fonrlhs of an acre in them, last spring and au- tumn. They promise very well so far. The peach crop, in this vicinity, ihouKb greatly diminished by the cob! spell in March, will be of excellent quality. The peach flourishes in this region, and, indeed, almost every l^ind of fruit, with a proper ilegree of care. Our vegetable market, too, pre.sents as choice uamila* gieat a variety, and, 1 believe, cheaper than that of any city in the Union. A vast improve- ment has been made, iii this respect, within the hist ten years. Dining iMr. JeflVrson's ndministrution, vegeta- bles could scarcely be got here at all. They were brought from a distance and sold at high prices. A venerable gentleman, then a member of Congress from Virginia, has told me that he often saw Mrs. Gallatin stop a country cart, in her anxiety to procure something for her table, niul lucUy was any one to get chickens, eggs, peas, or cabbage. At a later period, Mr. Dallas, the Secretary of the Treasury, used to procure liis supply of veg- etables from Baltimore. The planters and far- mers of this vicinity thought it derogatory to their dignity, at that day, to deal in such truck. General Washington was the first who set tliem the example of sending a market cart, with vegetables, fruits, and other proly, hut not constantly, with cm food, or crushed corn, or oil-cake, I doubt not it would materijilly contribute to the health of young animals. There is another complaint to which young stock is subject, most generally in the second summer and autumn, though often in the first; and at the latter time, in my early farming days, 1 lost several calves by it. I allude to the disease commonly called the boost — a complaint caused by the larvte of an insect. I imagine the larvae are deposited in the nose, where they grow and flourish until they go into and fill the windpipe, forming a white ball, like a skein of entangled thread, or very thin white worins ; these I have often found after death. The only remedy I know as successfiil is, to pour about a good tea- spooid'ul of spirits of inipeuline itiio one of the nostrils, holding the hc,i(l up for a uiiiiuie, or a little more, if calves; but for older beasts, a des- sert spoonful of the spirit. Afier the first win- ter has past, I believe you will not think further advice necessary in the care of stock ; but as to the after treatment of cattle, (lairy cows esfiec- ially permit me to add, that I have had long ex- perience in partial soiling of them and have l(innlih di^gree 40 minutes. This slateinent shows that the coun- try ill dispute on the Oregon houndary, embraces 104,640,000 acres— a terriioiy about twice as large as the Slate of New \'orlc. Recl.-uiniii? Swamps. To the Pitsidinl. and Slandiitfr Committee of Ihc Jlliode Islinid Soniclij fur the Encourniremtnt of Domestic Indimtri/ : Gi:.nti.i;mk.n — In the remarks which follow, I have attempted to give the results of my experi- ence in feclaiining peat swamps, in which I have been very successful. Agriculture has been the principal business of my lili;. Being a practical liu-mer, I have made many cx|;eriinenls in llie raising of vegetables and the use of manure ; hut I will now give niy views upon the recl.iiining of low land by the (tonslriic- lioii of blind diiebes, in which I have bad i years experience. On my linni there were several cold, wet swamps, the income of which would ii'Jt pay the ex|ienses of hauling tin: (viltle out of the mire in the spring, whin they are so anxious to get the green grass that grows in the mud holes. To prevent my callle from getting miriNl, I caused ditches to be dug through the swamp and left open, 'i'hisdid not, however, jireveiit the caiile geliiug mired, nor improve tin- f herdsgrass with other grass seed to the acre, tii the 1st of September the crop was harvestel. The millet had grown to an enormons size, tie toj) heads iis it stood, measuring six feet in hcigll ; it was judged by the reapers, and by those wio saw the field, that from 8 to 10 tons of fodd:r would he proiliiced on the two acres. Tliii:^ bushels of seed were obtained from the topA^catioi. The reinainder of the reclaimed land was plar- eil priiii-ipally with potatoes, more than li.dfif which were rolleii.tliongb not more so than tline raised on other land on my farm, and by ny neighbors. The expen.se of reclaiming and manurin;T nil not be lar from one hundred dollars per acre. I have long been of the opinion that swniips are our most valuable lands. The ontlav iiecs- sary for reclaiming them, prevents their eiiltuie; but my ex|)erieiice has proved to my salisfacton that where thine is tiill enough to drain a swtiiip, they will produce more clear prolit than my other lands I have ever enliivatcd, even allow tig the expense of underdraining, manure .-.nil rjl- tivation to be SlOO per acre. Before iinderdr.'ji- iiig, these lands are worth but a trifle. I line sold from one acre of reclaimed swainp, tl.'ee tons of hay at S20 per ton, from a single mow ' 5. I would remark, that casting the sloiies i: to the ditches promiscuously, is much the be.-st. nr it permits the water tp enter without anyih- sliuclion, and to find its way through them, ;i>(l it will keep iiself in gonil order ; if I could l.;i'0 a stone box put in at the same expense, 1 slm M preliir to have the stones cast in promisi'uoii; ly. After one of these ditches had been leade iwiive )ears, I opened it fur the purpose of ilia'li;,;ig its course. The stones were perfectly clean t id not in the least'obstructcd by mini. It sliouhl be recollected that these nro Miul ditches, and that they should he closed at hn lounlain or head, and no natural stream shij|>l(l be permittc-d to run into them. The subscriber would invite the commlinn"\'tI view the hog meadows or swamps w hich he las reclaimed williin the last fourteen years, am of which he has above given the processes pill's led by him. .i Ucspeclfullv, vour.s, \, ' (JIUEON SPENCF.R. Warwick, Nov. (1, 1841. [At a meeting of the Slamling Commillct i)r ihe Rhode Island Society lor the Encouragciit'iu of Uoineslic Industry, held Jan. 25, 181."), a vote of thanks to Mr. Spencer, for the above oiiiiinu- nicalioii, was passed.] • the .. ®l)c jTavmcv's ilTontl)!!) llisitor. 79 Basiness Condition or the Country. We take ihe followinj; flatleriii;; pictilie of tlii> coM(liti(jii ami prospects of busiiiL'ss, fi-uiii the New Vork Express: 'I'lieic iippiuir lo be no i|iii'sti()iis at home to iiitenu|)l tiie prosperous (•oiidilioii of tlie eomi- tr}, iiiid if our foreign relations terminate har- iMonioiisly all will he well. The ajirictiltural, iiianufactminfr, mercantile ami Dirclianical in- terests aie ill a healthy and sound condition. The favorahle terms on uliicli many articles are admitted into l''ii;;lan(l, in consequence of the > alteration of the tarilT, have already had a very j;c)od intkicnco oii Iiade. IMany articles, never hi'lijre sent, have heeii already ship(ied, and cal- cnlalioiis are made for an extensive ex|iort. Our mamifaclnres, particularly of cotton, are more jirosperons than tliey ever have heeii. The sea- son for the sale of domestics, for the Spring', is nearly over, and it is adinilled hy all familiar with trade, that prices have rarely ruled hif^her, and tli;it the stocks left over are very small. All the; cotton fuctorii's are in full operation, w illi as ac- tive a demand for goods as they can supply ; the piolits of a well rc;{ulate,(i38 " " I'.iilter and Cheese, 388,185 « " Skins and Fur.s, 598,487 " " Fish. 730,106 " " Lumb.M-, 3,';i30,003 " " Maii'fac'rsofall kinds, 8,410,(iU4 It will be seen from this table, that nine-tenths of our export trade is drawn from the soil, the fore^t and ihe sea; and that the wealth of the United Stales is principally derived (iom these sources. In a natnr.d statu of our foreign trade, or in the absence of commercial restrictions, we would for years to come, perhaps fiir centuries, conlinue to produce a surplus of agriciilinral producLs, or we would continue to draw from the forest, the soil and the ocean, to an extent fiir be- yond onr consumption, and exchange with for- eigners for such artich'S that we could not grow or make as they could. Such a state of trade would not he the least inimical lo the establish- ment of such manufacliires as the condition of our country, or li.e genius of our people would justify; and they would spring up, fiom lime to time, as the country became .seiiled and the pop- ulation full. No inielligcnt man could doubt that such would he the r<\-ult, if trade was free r.nd a sound currency provided. But an op|)osite policy has hcen advocated by a p irlion of our people — a prdicy, that if carried out in this infant state of our country, "ill cause our fields that are now culliv^itcd and smile with the labor of the husbandman, to become forests, and ouragriciiltnralists to become mannliiclurers; and will, as surely as the sun will rise lo morrow, bring upon onr now comparatively happy people, Ihe (qipression, the vices, and llie |iovi'ity of the laboring classes of maimfacluring Euf^land. This policy is n home mnri.et for our agricnlluralisfs, and lite mnrl-el nf tlie world for our mamtfocturcrs. — .'\'. Y. Plebeian. Gypsum for Stables. — The London .Agricul- tural Gazette says: "In our concern, where we have a great number of horses, we use gypsum in our stables, strewiuL' it on the floor, which ar- rests the ammonia as it is fio'ined, and thereby not only hel|is to preserve a most valuable fer- tilizer, but also renders the stable much more wholesome for the horses. If, in the hot stables that are sometimes inet withal inns, where the air is so charged with ammoniacal vapors, that when you enter your eyes are affected, a little gypsum were strewed on the floor every day, all that ofTensive smell wouhl be done away, and the stable be much more healthy for ilg inhabi- tants." x\ IMassachcsktts Tow.x. — We are informed by one of our enterprising merchants, that the firm with which he is connected, trans(iorled to Boston and nnikited, during last fall and winier more than five hundred tons of pork, butter and cheese; and that the average annual amount of llieso three articles sent from this place to Iho Boston market would not faM much short of six- teen hundred tons; and ihat thi; amnnnt of mer- chamlise purchased and disposed of annually by our merchanls is Uiore than one hundred and iwenly-five thousand dollars. Let it not be sup- posed that in the abcjve place agricullure alone comprises the whole or the principal business of the population. The products of the loom and Ihe woj-k-shop, in this jilac-e, largely exceed the agriculturiil, and furnish an amount of trans- 80 ^\)t irarmcr'0 iiTontl)lij Visitor. portatioii to nnd from Boston, an estimate of which we have not lime now to make. Tlie hiisiness of the meicliaiits in B.nie, (luring the past year, in tlie sin!.'le nittcle of |iahii-|paf hats, has ex- ceeded, as we aio infoi-mcd hy one of II, em, two liundred thousand dolhns. — liaire Putriot. For tlie Farmer's Monthly Visitor. Meteorological Observations at Concord, Taken at sxin-ri^f and 2 unlock P. M. BY A. CHA1VD1.EK. 1845. 1 i ^ \rind. Cloudf. s •i ars. One year it litM'e sixiy liiishelrt — and it has pruhahly aver- aged thirly hii.shels n year lijr one hundred and fifty years, — Dover Eiiq. Mustard in Convulsions, — We find that Chnrks S. Trifde, M. D,, Surgeon United Slates Ariny, recommends the ii.se of mustard in the convulsions of chililren. lie remarks, that,"from my experience, of the remedy, I do not hesitate to recommend its employment in these trouhle- some cases, in preference to any internal reme- dies with which I am acquainted." To GET RID OF DEAD LOGS IN A FIELD. — Ml- Williams, of Florida, writes us: — With the Eagle plough I am makinir trenches hy rniming it two or three times h.ick and fnrw.ird along side of the logs In my (ields, and then roll them in and turn ii|)on them the tliil thrown out hy the plough. In this wiiy the log i.s not only got rid of, hut the labor of cutting, liftine, (>iling, ane 1st of July, prevents Postmasters from franking leilers contiiiniuL' money for the payment of subscriptions to publications. Those, therefore, who are desirous of saving postage, would do well to act on this hint and forvrard their dues to publishers at once. Cold Weather, — The night of Friday the 30th of May was the coldest of the month : the white lioiir frost on Saturday morning covered the gronnd. We cannot tell how iiincli injury Wits done to the tender plants beyond the re- deeming iiilhience of ihe Merrimack river fog, which generally conies tip o( a frosty morning. If the last Friday of the month gives character to the following month, we shall have as bad a month of June as that of 18I(j, THE MARKETS. From the IS. E. Karnier. BOSTON WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT* SF.KDS— Herds Grass, gl 75 a 2 00 per bushel. Ked Tnp, t,0 a f)3 rents. Clover— JNorthern. 8 a 10c. — South- ern, 7 a 8i;. Flad Seed, %\ 50 per bushel. Lucerne. 33c. per pnuiid. Canary Seed, 5 1 50 a 2 00 per buslicl. AJilIel, 5175a 200. GK\li\. — The market is a litlle firmer fur Corn, and llie receipts are about equal to tlie demand. Corn — .Norllicni, now, 51 ;i 52 per bushel — Southern, round yellow, 49 a 50 — Southern fliU yellow, Jo a -iL) — tin. do. vv'iitp, IG a A~t — l^ye, I\ot tlieni, 70 a 72 — ito. Southern , 70 a 00— Oita, Nnrtliero, 35 a 3G— Beans, per bushel, 1 )2 n 1 r,2— Sluirts. per double bushel. 30 a 31— Br.in, 13 a 20. FLOUR. — Tliere have been no important moveimmls in lln! rn^irket duriiifj the past week j prices of (iunesoc are about oiio-eiL;hth lower than our last report, owiui^ to increased supplies, and holders anxioua to realize on landinii;. Baltimore, Howard .Street, 4 mos. r,r., new, $A-^\ a 4 87 — Alexandria, wharf, 4 75 a 4 81— Cloncttee, common, rasfi. 4 SI a 4 87 — do.-funcy briuids,5 00a 5 25 — Ohio, via Canal, 4 75 a 4 87— Uye, 3 50 a 000— Indian Meal, in barrels, 2 50 a 2 fi2. iniOVISlOiNS.— There hare been no important trans- actions at jirivate ccmtrict during the week past, and pri- ces are somewhat lower. Lard is in good renuest. and qiu)lations are more IVeely sustained. Beef— Mess. 4 moa. new bbl.. 9 00 a 950— Navy, 850 a y 00— JNo. 1,5 50 a GOO— do. Prime, 550 a 600— Pork. Kxtra clr;ir, 4 mos. bbl.. 1450— do. Clear. 1400— do. Mese, 1225 a 12 50— do. Prime. lOOO n 1050— Butter, HJiipping. 12 a 15 — do. store, uninspected, 8 a 12 — dotlai- ry. 15 a" 17— Lard, No. I, Boston ins., 8 a 8.^- do. South and Western. 8 a 8^ — Hams, Boston, 8i| al) — Somhorn and Western, 8^ — Cheese, sliipping and 4 mcil, 5 u 7 — do. new nulk. 7^ a B. WOOL. — Outy. The value whercoT at tho place ol (;xportalHMi slull nut e.\need 7 cents per pound, 5 per ct. ad val. All wliereol* the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 1 10 per ct. nd val., nnd 3 cts. per pound. There has been n steady demand for all descriptions, but no roaterial change of prices has taken place. Prime or Saxuny Fleeces, washed, lb., 40 a 43 — .\meri. can lull blood, do., 37 a 38— Do. 3-4 do., 35 a 3ti— Do. 1-2 HOPS.— Duty 20 per cent. First sort Mass. 1841-, lb., 13. H.\y — 12 a 12A per ton — E istern Screwed, 12. EGGS.— 12 a 14. BRIGHTON MAJIKET,— .Mo-*D.vv, May 2G, 1845. [Reported for the Daily Advertiser & Patriot.] At .Market 510 Beef Cattle, 15 pairs of Working Oxen, UOO Sheep, and 2150 Swine. 35 Beef Cattle unsold. Prices. — Beef CaUU. — Tlie prices obtained last week were not sustained. We quote Extra, $6 ; first quality, S^75® S6; second quality, S5 35'a)S5 60; third, $4 75 fSi $5^ Working Oxen.— Sales at S7U, $75, and $90. SAeep,— Small lots sheared $1 50 @ $2 G-2. Swine. — Former prices were not sustained. Lots to peddle 4 '3' 4if!. for Sows, and 5 (a> 5jc. for Barrows ; one entire Jot 3| and 4Jr. ; old Hogs 4, 4^ and 4ic. At retail from 4^ to 6c? CONCORD "WHOLESALE CASH PRICES CURRENT. For West iNDtA Goods & GnocERiEs, Flour, Graiti, Pbo- ouce, Iron &. Steel, Plastlr, Salt, Lime, &.c, Slc. Corrected weekly for Hill's .V. H. Patriot by GILMORE & CLAPP, at the Depot Store, (Joncord, -V. II. May 29, 1845. ASHES, Pots, 4J Pearls, 4,^ .\LUM, 4 BRIMSTONE, Roll, 3 Sulpliiir 1 CAMPIIOU. Reflned,.... 75 CAXULES, Mould, 10 Sperm, 32 COt'FBE, St. Domingo, 6 Porto Kico, 8^ Porto CaliL-llo, 8^ Old Government Java,. .. Jl COPPEIIAS a FISH, Ranil,p-qilinlal,.. 3,75 Polliiek 2,50 Bav 2,75 Old Uiin, 4,,i0 No. 1 Salmon, J,»blil, 14,00 No. 1 Shad, p-bbl, 12,00 Ton's tS ids, 'j>-bbl, 0,00 II.B.Fin3,lr>hbl, 9,00 FLOUli, GfRfsee 5,05 Fancy brand, 5,50 Ohio, Akron 0,05 Spaiildins, extra, 6,25 FKUIT. FlL's, 14 Raisins, bine [nark,. , . .9,00 DIacli mark, 8,.')0 Bol, linneh, 2,75 FUSTICK,c;uba,p-lon, 30,00 Tampico, 22,00 Gronnd, H> bund 1,75 GLU li, Russian best, 17 Anrerican, 11 GRAIN. Oats, 40 cents Y bu C.rn 67 dodo hu Rye, 67 do dobu Beans, 75'ffil,.50 Peas 50® 75 GRINDSTONES, Tsl qual- ify, linisl)ed,|i> hand. 2,25 Do. do. nnfinished, . . . .1,50 HERRING,^ box. No. 1, ..50 Stated, 75 INIIIGO, lkn!al,.l,IO® 1,75 Spanish float,... 1,00 «) 1,50 Manilla, 75ra)l,25 IRON, Old Sable 5 Kiifllish, 4} Batik?, refined, 4- Ennlisb, sheet, C Russia, do 12 013 Old Sable nail rods, G Norwegian do t'.i Coininon do 4.4 l-)o!;lish hoop, 5 .Vurerieau do 4 Slwe Shapes, Am i\ Pvvfdes, shoe shapes, 5 LEATHER. New York Sole Leather, Light, 14 » IG Do. Hi'avy, 13S W 15 LI.ME, Thomaston, first qnalilv, 1,25 Camden, do I,12S l,OGV\OOD, St. Domin- go, tfHoli, 20,00 Cnnipearhy, 27,00 Ground, IC" hund 1,75 MACKEREL, No. 1, (^ bid ia,.50 No. 2 lO.I'iO No. 3 8,.'.0 MOLASSES, Havana 30 Surinam, 30 Trinidad, 32 Porto Rii'o, 34 Siiyar House, 50 .SAILS. Boston Iron Co's brand, ."i. Old Colony do Wevmouth Iron Co 5, Maiden 5 PLASTEIl, V> ton 5,50 Do. croiind, 10,00 PROVISIONS. Pork Ex- tra clear li> bbl, 16,00 Conimon do 1 4 ,00 Extra Mcs 12,00 Common do 10,00 Bufler,lf>- lb, 8®ia Cheese, new milch,. . .6 1® 7 Four meal, 4^5 Dried apple, best Qji® 3 I^ard, northern, 8} Do. southern, 8 Tu I key s& Chickens, best,? Gosliihs, best, A\ Round Hogs A\(a'b^ REDWOOD, ground, $»• hund 2,75 Nicarasiia, ^ ton, 35,00 RICE, l/^-hund. best, 3,50 ROSLN, p- bbl 2,59 SAL.'EKATI.TS,firslqualilv,44 SALT, St. Ubes, (?• hhd. 3,20 Cadiz, 3,20 Bonaires, 3,-2» Turks Island 3,00 Liverpool, 3,20 Do. line, Wofthingston brand, ([► bae, 2,00 Do. other brands, 1,75 SALTPEiRB, crude, 8 Do. refined, 9 SEED. Clover, northern, ..84 Do. suufhein, 7 Herds grass, p- bu 1,75 SHEETINGS. prime tf>vd ..6i SHINGLES, first qualify. No. 1, pine, 1^ M 2,75 do, do. do. spruce, 1,75 SHIRTINGS, i(>yard, 61 SHOT, assorted Sj SHOVELS, cast steel, ^ do7. 10,00 Steel [lointed do 9,00 Iron do. best, 8,00 Do. common 6,50 SO AP, Castile, U White Soap, best, 8 Brown, No. 1, 4 Family, ^ Extra,' l> SPICES. Cassia, in mats, 32 Do. ground, 93 Cloves, 30 Ginger, pure, 7^ .Mace, |> lb 1,00 Nuln-egs, best, 1,25 Pimento, whole, 12 Do. ground, 14 Pe[»per, uhole, 11 Do. ground, ...13 STEEL, Swedes, best .71 Sandersorr, Brothers & Co. cast steel, IS .li'ssop Sc Son, do 17 Gi-rman , best, 194 Do. courmon 10 Coach spring, best, .94 SUGARS. Brown Hova- na, very best, 94 Do. do. )irim«, 84 Do. do. fair, 8 Double refined East Bos- t.ui loaf, 124 Do. do. crushed, I24 Do. do. powdered, 13 Common loaf, II Porto Rico, best, .8 Purified .Muscovado do ...8 TAR, li> bbl 3,00 TE.\S. Gunpowder, best quality, (^ lb, 75 Inifierial, do 80 Hvson, do 60 Hyson Skin, do 30 Young Hvson, common, .3.^ Do. do. fiiir, 45 Do. ito. good, 50 Do. d.i. Ik'sI 60 TOB.ACCO, eommon keg,..G (Jood do 10 Common box, 8 G,.odilo 12J Honey Dew, do. be«t,....18 Cavendish, 26 fnxmex'5 Jltuntljlg iBfisitxrt. ICSf^ESBI^i^gB^BHi K =^ CONDUCTED BY IS.4AC ULLI/. . ~ "Those who libob in the earth ake the chosen rEOTLE of God, whose breasts he has made his peculiar deposite for subst»ntial and oenuine yiRTHE."— Jefferson. VOLUME VI I. CONCORD, N. H., JUNE 30, 1845. NUMBER 6. THE FARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR, PUBI.ISHKIJ BY ISAAC HILL, & SONS, ISSUED OJI THE LAST UAV OF EVERY MO.NTII, At Athenian Building. 9:5"Ge:(ebal Agents B. Cook, Kcene, N II.; Thomas R. Hampton, Waslljngton City, D. C. ; John Marsh, Wash- iiiflton St. Buston, Mass.; Charles Warren, Brinley Row, Worcester, Mass. TERMS To single silbscribciti, Fifig Cenls. Ten per oMit. u-ii! be allowed to the pcr.-Jon who sliall send more than one subscriber. Twelve copies \vill bo sent for the advance (layinent ol' Five Dollars ; twenty-five copies for Ten Dollars ; sixty copies for Twenty Dollars. The payment in every case to be made in advance. ^^Money and subscriptions j by a reflation of the Post Jifaster General^ may in all cases be remitted by ike Post Master, free oj postaire. {)C?"-VII gentlemen wlio have heretofore acted as Agents are requested to continue tiieir .\gency. Old subscribers who come under the new terms, will please notify us of the names already on our books. Soiling, or House-reeding Cattle. At a lute meeting of the Farmers' Clubs in Scollaiid, IMj-. Harkiiess read a cotDiniuiicatioii (Voiii Mr. Skilling, of Glasiieviii, from wliicii we make the following eMracis: '• How does it liapiieii tlial the BeUian.s have lencement, and let it stop the instant it has done its work. Thus there is nothing lost by a back- ward or forward swing. If the grass stands up so as to admit of moving on, measure with the eye the utmost capacity forward of your scythe, take a quick, easy gait, moving your right foot well n|) towards the standing grass, and your bo- dy with if, though leaning back by bending the knees a little forward, so as to bring your whole weight to bear upon the scytlie, with.out twisting the body from right to left, as many do — thus giving ease to each clip, and ability to repeat in an advanced position, without fiitigue. Note. — If you swing G inches too far back, and 6 inches too far in pointing out, it makes 24 inches lois ! This applied to ascientific forward motion, will give you a great gain on ordinary mowers.- John R. Pitkin. I'rom the IN. V. Farmer and Mechanic. Science of Mowing. Gentlemen — Having long since promised you an article on the scicnee of mowing, I now sit down to redeem my pledge. It was my good fortune — for so I regard it — to have had a few years' experience in early life, as a practical farmer; and as I advanced liom boy- hood, I remember, among other things, my first effort and ultimate success in the science of mowing. For a time I had much difficulty in keeping my scytlie sharp. This, however, I (bund indispensable ; no man can approach any thing like an easy or good mower without it. 1 had become a good mower, when I fell in company not only with a good mower, but a sci- Cucnmbers and Melons for Pickles. Cucumbers and melons for pickling, may be planted till the first of July. New land lately cleared from the forest, is best for vines, if it can be had ; next to this, a piece which was the last year in sod and planted with corn or potatoes, is to be preferred. It should be of a medium state of riclmess and dryness — a better crop, so far as our ex|jerience goes, being more, generally ob- tained from such land, than thqt which is ex- tremely rich. Make the hills seven or eight feet apart. A very common error is to make them too close, so that the vines have not room enough, and they smother each other. Hog manure that is pretty well rotted, or that which is in a green state, well mixed with muck and leached ashes, will do well. Tlie manitre of pigeons and hens is also excellent, but is very strong, and should he mixed with double its bulk of loam or muck. Dig the holes of the hills so deep that a peck at least of manure may be put in without coming above the surface of the earth, level it off and plant the seed. To provide against the bugs and worms, it is best to plant a large quantity of seed. If there are twelve to fifteen plants to a hill while they are small, no injury will be done ; but they should be thinned to no more than three, just before they begin to run, and have got well out of the way of insects. To keep ofT the bugs, millinet boxes are the best preventives while the plants are small, and that is the time they are most likely to be injured. The boxes are cheap — made of pine boards six 82 yll)c iTarmcr's iUontljlij bisifov. inches wide, ruerely railed losether square— the ed'.'e of llie boards on two sides jirooved— tlie miTlinct drawn over and fiislencd liy tongues driven into the giooves'. Tfii-y should lie larv''? pnoiigh to fiiirly cover the hill wiihoiit croudin^. Plaster, coal, ashes, or leached wood ashes, scat- tered over the plants while the dew is on, have some tendency to keep the Imss fioni eating' then), but are not altogether effectual prevent- ives. Several years n!;o wo tnade trial of water mi which heii-dnti'; had been snaked until the water fermented, fi)r ki'epni^' off bii'.'s IVoin vines. An old hoji-trough was carried to llie piece, two i,r three sliovels full ol'clean manure fioin the hen- roost thrown into it, with three or four gallons of water. It soon fermented, and the odor from it was very offensive. A half pint of this liquid was pniiied on cacli hill oaih alteinat(! day. It kept off the buss almost entirely, r.nd made the vines grow asionishiiifily. Tliey were melons, and produced the heaviest crop we ever saw. — Alb. Cull. '_ An experiment conducted by the President of an agricidtiual society in England, shows that manme which was kept covered by nine inches in depth of earih, so that no evaporation escaped, jirodiiced four bushels more of grain per acre, than the same (juantity and kind of manme .-ip- plied to the same kind and extent of land, but which had lain from the JStli of Jan. to the 4lli of April, expos;;d to the weather. Thinning Plants. — 'Jlie thinning of seeding crops is a very necessary thing to be done in time, before the young plants have drawn up so iriiicli as to become weak. All plants grow stronger, and ripen better, when the air circtdates freely around iliem,and the sun is not jjreveiited from an immediate influ.-nce. In thimdng close crops, as onions, carrots, turnips, &,c., be sure tliey are not left too near, for instead of reaping a greater produce, it would assuredly be less. When they stand too close, they will make larte tops, but smaller roots. — jV. Y. Farmer. The annexed article (says the Providence Transcript, from w hich we copy) is from one of om- most expcrivncei! and intelli/jent agricultur- ists. Of his successful practice wc can attest, as we never saw finer butter, not even in Phila- delphia, than v.e have eaten at liis lios))ilable mansion. Butter Making. Milk Apartments, &,c. — The milk cellar shoidd be deep, well ventilated, and dry; the but- ton) covered with stone flagging. iJricks will absorb milk, ami other lirpiids that may (all upon them; and will soon contract nfihlew, the smill of which, like the odor of cheese, vegetables, fish, or foul air of any kind, will be imparted to the cream and butter, ther this cellar should stand the dairy room, wiili shclveri to set uulk upon in coot weather; the cellar to be used diu"- iiig the extremes of heat and cold. The tem- peralme of the milk apartment, if possible, should tievcr 1)0 above (i5' nor luiow 15". !^ei kettles shoidd notstand in the dairy room; neither should churning, cheese making, nor cleansing milk- vessels he done there, but in a convenient room near by. Cream may be kept good much longer, if it be kept in a white oak vessel, with a tight cover, and a timcet or tap ne.ir the button), to (haw off the milk when it settles, beH)ri! the customary daily stirring. The quality of the butter is mucli iui- • ])rovd by this nianagenient. Jf the milk he not dr.iwii ofl", anil it he churned with the cream, the bulter will be longer in coming, and it will show specks (if sour cujd, t.isle like cheese, ami will soon become ra.ncid. JJuiter will come qni(d;r ciillivulioii. jyhrde F!shen/. — But if the daii(sers nntl priva- tions ot'llic NVliale Mshery .ire {.'reiit, its lieiii.lii'ial residis are an adequate eoiii|ieiiS!iliiin. It is iiii- possihlt; to roiiipass in » siiij;h.' view the !iles>iiiL's iiestoH'cd upon iiiankiiiil hy this liranrh oj'eiilir- prise. There is no iiieoih.'r of society who is not iiidHhled lo this soiiree liir many ol his eli- joyineiits. Let the laihes consider that the per- leetion of their stays is derived from nhalehone, and Irt liiiii who carries an iiiiihrella make a sim- ilar reflecliuii. Xet the traveller w ho ijlides aloii^ twelve miles an lionr in n sleamhoat, or twenty- five in a locomotive, considi r that he is under oMiiialioii to the whaler (c)r the oil, whitdi thus smoothes his way and expedites his jonrney. Let the man who liiiys eoiton for a shiit, at ten cents n yard, thank the winder, for it was whale oil that hihrieated the machinery w hich prodiK I'd il. Let every human hein^ ih.-it wears cloth or con- sumes any otiier article pr(jdiiced iiy machinery, ackiio« lrd;;e the idiliiiaiion he owes to llie dariiiy jierseveraiice ol' the whaler, for these are all, in some dejrree, the results ol his toil and enter- prise. Let even the dainty reailers ol hooks con- sider thai hy the ii:;hr vvhicli is llie product of the whaleman's skill, their p.-iyes are, |ierhaps, composed; and let every I'ainily ciridc, happy and cheerlid in the lilaze of the asiral lamp, remem- her llmt they too, owe their eiijoyment, in part, to these adveninrons men of the harpoon. Lei even the memliers of the hrilhaitt evening' party re- meniher that the li;;lit which •ileams Iroiii raii;;es ofspermaceli tapers, and hestowsnn lieaniy more lieHiiehing el;:'.rms, is ihe fruit of the seauiim's dalii-er and the scaniaii's piivation. Al.is, how "liiile does one part of the world consider in what manner the rest live!" While the dance ami the sonj; enthral the <;;ay cir..500,000 yarils a year. There are about 5,000 yards ol thread in a yard of doth ; thus every working day, this factory spins (iOO million feel of thread ; 50 millions every working hour, and nearly one million every minute ! Thus, a cord of siitlicieiit leiiiilh to belt the worhl at the equa- tor, is produced by a single fictory in two hours. This is the work of one establishment, and is not more tliaii a two hnudri.'dih part of the wlnde mauiificliire of the L'uited Slates! The length of thread drawn out by the cotton lactories ol the worlil, cannot he less than fifteen millions ol li'et every working second, or every tin;e the heart beats! Snidi is the bewildering magnitude (d'ihe scale njjon which this single brunidi of hu- man industry is conducted. H'untkrs of the Iron JMiinnfnntor!j. — The amount of iron annicilly produced in the United States, is 300,000 Ions, all of which, and iiincdi more, is consumed iii this country. The anionut of nails alone is supposed to be 50,000 tmis. Forty thou- sand casks, or fom' million pounds, an; aimnally made by the Boston Coiiipaiiy, on the mill-d. in. If \\i: suppose tliat the nails will averaL'e KiOtoa pound, the number here produced ea<'.li working day, would be nearly two millions! 'J'liis is sup- posed to but the l>venty-fifih part of the nail manufacture of the United St.-iles! It seiuns in- credible that about lifty luillioiis of nails are made, bought, sold, ami used, every day, in tlie United States — yet such Si.-oms to be the fact. — Peter Parley. The Water Power of !Veiv England. Althoui;li we do not get a sight of the paper exchanged with ns every week, we have more iIkiii ton Company," galhering tiie \vater power of fallg Tor pevpral miles, will not prohahly come up to one-fourlli iif the iManchuster power, which, in its whole extent, em- hriccs a fall of about seven(v-hve feet. Tnere is net, when we lake into consideration the permanent potirce of' '.he supply from the principal parent lake issuing its con- stint and nearly equal stream in I'reshel and in drou^'h', the hi^h and dry canal wliirh no revolution in the rivt-r cm disturb, and the extent of the fall securing the double use of the water — thera is not in the United States such and so valuable a water power as that, the use ol' which has but now just commenced to build up the crealer inau- uracturina; town cil' J\ew Enc^land. which is soon destined lo become the real Manchester ol' America. Manchester has an immediate waterfall double in distance to that of any other jail upon tiie river. It beiufr understood that a water power increases in a compound ratio, the fall of the same stream at any one point sixty feet will be at least four times as great as a fall of thirty feet. Alanchester has the advantage of twice the number of feet fall lo the power concentrated at any other place above or below in the waten of the Merrimaclt.— £(i. Jl. Vitiior. 84 ®l)e JTarmci's iilciitl)li3 Visitor. 8an(]s of operatives. Besides this, Newfounil river unites «'iili tlie Peniigewasset at Bristol vil- laee, liaving a fiill of 90 feet at the village in the distance of 50 rods, and 70 feet in two miles above, and when fully used, capable of cre- ating another Nashua. Smith's river unites with the Pemigewasset two mile? below Bristol wilh a fall of more than 100 feet within half a mile of its outlet. But we can proceeil no further, though we have heard of Dolofl"'s falls, and Squam river, and Judge Livennore's water power, all partially improved, but containiiiing far greater capabili- ties. Let us now retrace our steps. From Andover to Judge Livennore's in Campion, is a distance of about 100 miles; on an average, an important water power is |)rovided every seven miles; the course of the Winne|iiseogee is about 20 miles before its junction with the Peniigewasset, fur- nishing mill sites at the average distance of every three miles. If the Winnepiseogre, by the oc- cupancy of its water power, can tustain a manu- facturing population of 100,000, the MerrimacU and Petnigewasset can support three times that number, giving on these rivers a population of 400,000 sustained directly or indirectly by manu- actnre.s. ^VlJat a magnificent idea is thus presented of our natural resources 1 Railroads running he- side such rivers cannot fail of success, and a lide over them, where the ear is never beyond the sound of the WiiterCall, nor the eye out of the sight of mills and villages, crowded with a busy population, will offer scenes of enterprise, inilns- try, wealth, intelligence, and comfort, no other part of the country can furnish. spects in the same manner. By all means sort your butter as it comes in, for you will he enabled "to have it uniform in the firUiii, a v('ry desirable object in marUet. If any one should send butter, 1 hope they will conform to the foregoing sugges- tions, and if il does tiot come into market in goo. 16 2 0 0 Crushed 10 3 4 8 2 > • > ■ Dissolved f) 12 0 0 2 ■ ■ Dissolved 11 l.'i 0 0 4 • > . > Dissolved 12 11 6 4 4 0 19 6 Dissolved 14 6 4 0 4 1 0 G Dissolved 14 11 7 0 S 1 9 9 Dissolved 13 16 7 0 s 1 13 0 Disa >lved 1.) o 5 0 s Dissolved 16 I 3 G From which it appeared, that 2 bushels of dis- solved bones per acre would actually produce as good results as 16 bushels of bones in their or- dinary .state in some cases; that 8 bushels of dissolved bones would greatly surpass IC bushels of bones used in any other manner; and that 4 bushels per acre would be a fair quantity to ap- ply in the stale of solution : the results being greatly superior to those from four-fold the same quantity of bones applied in the usual manner, and the cost cfthe application less in proportion to the amount of the effect produced, evidenced, by the weight of the croj), than that of any other quantity. II. Proportions. — 1. Bones and Acid. — The proportion of acid had generally been one-half of the weight of bone employed ; but one-third, or even one-tburlh of the weight of bone might be used with success, if occasion required. That was an important point in the economy of the manure, as it afi'ected the cost materially. 2. Ha- ter.— The proportion of water had generally been 100 times the weight of acid ; but 50 or 25 times the weight of acid would serve the purpose required very eliicienlly. The fact was one like- ly to be of great use, one of the main practical difficulties to contend with in the application of dissolved bones being the large quantity of wa- ter which had been considered necessary. Mr Ilannam's results showed th it four bushels of bones, (12 stone,) C stone of acid and 300 stone of water, (50 limes that of acid) gave 420 gallons of dissolved bones to be applied per acre; wliile 150 stone of water (25 times that of acid) would suffice. It was, however, worthy of notice, in reference to the preparation of the mixture, that the bones should be pulverized as much as pos- sible before they are mixed with the acid, in order to render the solution more complete ; but should that not be the case, and a few of the larger por- tions of bone be left undissolved, that circum- stances would occasion no injurious effect, as thero would be bone enough dissolved for the plant in its early stages, and the larger i)articles would disintegrate by degrees and come into operation towards the end of the season. III. Dissolved Bone Compost. — Mr. Pusey thought that however great a point was gained by reducing the bulk of the water employed for dilution the solution of the bones, a still greater step was attained by substituting altogether the compost for the liquid form of the application. In the Society's last Journal, p. 590, Mr. Tennant, of Shields, near Are, gave the following account of his practice on this head: — "I put 25 bushels into three old boilers (of which every farm here has a supply) and next poured in two bottles of 86 ^[}t laxnm's iHontl)lp faigtlor- iici.l of »l'.out 170 11.^. each, and 3C Srntili \>m\^ 18 in.nfri^il !;»ll<'iii^) of Ijoiliiig Wilier jijio fcin-li l.iiler. Jl lioiU iiwiiy "t a g'*^"' liite lor miiiic liii,e, 111.(1 ill II (Inv or iwo %\f tiLpiy llie IioiIi-ik into l«o cuiLi ol litlil ii.iuiUl, Mul 111111 llie m'-''- liMP over. Ai lliis M!ii:c, ili*-' lioi.isiue only l>iii- liiilly (lii^sulvcd, liul lliey lifiil uH'l iiiid. It »iis desirahle, iiol only llial the pi iee ol the aeid should lie asreiuiiiiid, hut that its purity and stieii;;lli should also he iiiiifonii. Dig Deep and tou'll find Treasure.— We coiniiiciid the lljllowiii^' aiieedole lo the parlleii- Uir c-onsideiaiioii of those who are yet addirud to the praeiice of shallosv ploiifihiiijr, and « ho think thai no !;ood eoiiies from deep stirriiii; ot the soil. 15y :idopiiiif; the piaclice of deep ploiii>h- iiif:, a iievv'souree of weallli would ho o|iL'iu;d on many farms, which the •' i-kiiiivng" cnhiiieofa ceiilnry or two had never developed. lint to the ni,e,.,|,;te— which, llioii;;li old, is just as good as if it were " hraii new":— "An old fanner, on his death-hed, told his sons, who were not very industrious lads, that he had deeply liinied his money in a particular held, vvhicli was the most barren land on his liiliii. In consequence of this inliiriiiation, soon aiier the old man's (h atli, the sons he^an to di^' (and they dii" deeply too) all over the field— and this lliey diifa^'ain and ai;ain, for it was Ion;,' heioie they qiiiie'despaiiedof lindiiiff the money. At length, liovvever, thev «ave up the search, and the land was planted wiili corn ; wliKii, from the deep dig- I'ing, pulverization and ■ .'e.-riiii; whicli it hud re- ceived ill tiie search for the money, it produced a crop which was indeed a treasure. ' Beks.— Dr. Waterman iiives, in the Cleveland Herald, his mode of catching llie hee-miller or moth, lie says, "I took two white dishes, (I think white attracts their attention in the iiiiihl,) or deep plales.and placed them on the top of the hives, and filled lliem about full of sweetened viuetrar. The next moniin!,' I had about liliy millers cau<;lit; the second niiilit 1 caui;lit tiliy more ; the third nii:lit heiiij.' cold, I did not f;et imy ; the fonrlli iiiidit being very warm, I caught nbout four huinlred." ry at Walerbiiry, one at 'i'roy, and one at Poiigli- kcepsie, we b(tlievc. The manufacture of tacks and brads is carried on lo the exlent of 150 lo 2C0 Ions per year.— The niachiiierv used is very .-iinpleand luriisonl from '2liO lo 8C0 and even lOCO lacks per miiiinc The '• Blaiichard luacliine," invented by our for- mer town.-inan, Thomas I'danchard, and which was the (ir.-t e\er invented lor the purpose, is used in the establishiiiciil, although it has beeii ill a measure snpeiseiled by the " Keed mi.chiiie," combining more .simpliciiy wilh greater celeriiy nf operation. Girls are employed in packing the tacks, and so dexteidiis has experience rendered them that a smart girl will put np 15C0 packages of ICCO each per day, the number (lUL(l) being ile- leniiined by weight. IJetwcen one and two hiilidred tons ol hooks and eyes are amitially made in Birmiugham by Vaiiki'e machinery. The process of maniifac- tining copper is well worth looking at. The ore is broii};lit in its crude slate from the mines ol Mexico and Sonlli Ameiica. It is smelted in a huge furnacp, and cast in oblong blocks of per- haps 75 or KiO Ihs. From this it is heated, roll- ed and cut inlo all the variety of shapes desired, bv simple but ponderous machinery. A sheet ol clipper two or three inches thick was cut aseasi- ly and as (piick as a piece of paper, and yielded to the pressure of the rollers as readily as wax. It snbseqiieutlv goes into a variety of shapes and uses. The floors of the workshops consist ol lariic plates of solid iron ; and as an indication of nie intense beat necessary to mell the ore, it was staled that when the furnace full of molten metal hurst a vear or two since, these solid iron plates were thoroughly crisiied by the boiling copjicr. top comes to maturity later, and he diij not think ihere was much dili'eieiice whether cut in blos- som or soon after. He believed Timothy cm in lilossoiii would, pound for pound, produce more milk when ltd to cows or sheep, than it would cut afterwaids; bin for horses and other i-tuck, bethought it more nnlriiioits to stand a little loii- .•;er. Jt certainly improved in weight. [Ill ground lying more than two years to grass — (tlic herdsgiiiss or timothy seldom comes up to perfection until the second year)— we are ileci- dedlv lavorahle to ripening I'lilly the limothy and ihe clover seed befiai' making the hay as nfn-ii as every second jeai, even llionvh the hay he somewhat less valuable. A porlioii of the seed lalliii!.', ihe ;;inmiil is prepared lor a fntiire crop w hicii w ill be much incieascd. Tiie •irealer por- tion of the clover the first year, and of liiiioihy Ihe second year will he killeil out when the land is mowed before the gni'^s is ripe. If the hay is cut for ihe m;uket, the jonijyer crop m.ny he more saleable— if it be cut i'or home consump- tion when so ripe that llie icsinoiis qiialiiy shall be upon the stalk, we ai-e of opinion that both herd;;iass (lin.oihv) and ied-tO|i will be quite as valuable liir healthy stock.— AV. VisiUr.] Manufacture of Pius, &c. The editor (d' ihe Springfield Gazette, in Notes of a recent Ramble, inenlioiis the iiiauiiOiCtnie of |iiiis, lacks, &c., in a village in Derby, Conn., called " 15irmini;liani." Among the important branches ol maiiuiac- tiwe carried on are pins, hooks and eyes, tticks, aiii;ers, broaiUdoihs, rolling cop|ier, and machin- ery. The estahlishment in the two first named branidies are not open to visiters. We saw how- ever, specimens of the work produced ihal would compare liivoiably with similar articles of lor- cigii maiinliiclure. 'J'lie machinery lor making ifms has been brought to perfection by Dr. Howe, the agent of the estnblishment, to whom, in a brief paia;;iapli on this subject, several weeks ogo, we nninieiilionally did injustice in this par- ticular, liy assigning the honor of invention lo i\lr. Waters, lorineily of this town. Mr. Waters is engaged in the same cstablisli- ment, suid is the inventor of a curious machine for sticking the pins oii papers, which accmn- jilishes ihc labor that formerly reipiiied Idly girls. The pins and paper are put into^ ihe '•,hopper'' and come out "ready ground." This onuses a great diinimition of ex|ieii.-e and of course gives an advautufie over the foreign inaii- ufactiirer, who enjoys no such (acilily. About two and a half tons of pins are made and put up in this establishment per week, and the amouiit ia ficton lo be incieascd. There is another faclo- Cutling Grass lor Hay. We find in the .Mhauy C^uliivalor some notes of an iniereslinu conversaiion had at ihe tfevenih Agricnluiial .Meeiing held in that cii\, from which we extract such part as relates to the cutting ol •jrass for hay. We can do no less than commenil to read- ers the remarks of brother Howard of the Cuhi- vu;oi— the same being sound, bolh praclically and scientifically cunsiilcred. [?J. Y. Farmer. Mr. Benient said he had formerly been m the habit of cnlling tiniolhy i:ra.-s i|iiite late. It wa.< easier cmcd after it got luetiy ripe. But be lemid in using hay thus cut, that it wanted snhstance, and he had ascertained that the best time for cul- tiii'i- was while the grass was in hiossom. Mr. Howard was aware that there were difter- eiit opinions as to the proper .stage for cutting ■irass; but jje tlioui;lit the observance of cerlaiii principles niii;hl aH'oid a guide in the case. For example, the stems of grasses were filled just he- fnre the formation of the see.l, with a starchy or saccharine snl»lunce. In perfecting the seed the stems were exhaiisled of this suhslanee, it U'llig consumed in forming seed. Now if the herbage is the object, the plant should be cut belorc the imlriment has passed fVoiii the steins. 11 seed is llie object, the plant must of course be allowed lo attain a good degree of maturity. Hay made Irom ripe L'l-ass may " go liirlher," or "spend heller, as the aigiiiiieut"is; r.iul it is admitted tliiit this may be iriie, for animals are less inclined to eat it ; hut this is no proof that it is more nulrilive. Mr. Garretson, of the Assembly, from Dutch- ess county, said he generally cm fioin 150 lo 'iOO ions of h.-iy per vear— chiefly timothy and red- top. He genciaUy begun when the grass was m the hiossom. Mr. Sotham said that he would as soon have "ood bright straw for cows or .-^lieep, as limolhj hay after it bad gone to seed. He cuts clover when a part of it is in blossom and part in the bead. Cuts all his grass early. It takes longer to make hay cut thus early, but for cows and sheep, especially, il is n great deal better. Jud;;e Cheever said he would cut his clover in hiossom, not sooner. He would not eiit timolhy mild H had passed nut of the blossom. I'lofessor Davy, in his Ag- ricultural Chcmislry, says that (U parts ol clover bay cm in blossom, produced 10 parts ul inilri- livo matter I the -same taken in seed. Tmio- ihv, 10 parts in blossom, and 23 in seed. I Ins iirihe liinolhv is probably loo much; hut that Ibo uiilrilive inatler in limolhy improved aller the lUll of the blossom, he liud no doubt. Ked- Rfceipt FOR CaoiP.— Dr. Goodman lies rec- ,,mmendi d the following as a ceilain as will lis a simple remedy for this common, and often lalnl disease among children. He says: " Whenever ihey are ihrealened with an attack of Croup. 1 direct a plaster covered with (by r-^coicb siuiir, var\ iiig in size accordiiu: to the size of the patient, to" be" ai>plied directly across llie throat, and ivt iiied ihere lill all llie sympioms disappear. The remedy is found lo he always el^"eciiial, when applied in the first or second sta- "es id' the disease " _ The plaster is made by fireasinga piece ol lin- en cloth, and then covering itoierwilh the snutt. — Saturday Counri: ""iB creat essential in the art of sdl'mg" _uia- iiure,iswell and laconically expressed by Haii- nam in his prize essay— "Nothing' mti.st be al- lowed to run awav in ihe form xif a fluid, or lo fly away in the dis;:iiise of a s.i.ell." Whoever ai'lopts'lhis precaiiiion, dois his inmost to pre- serve bis manure— and his ma -e thus prp.serv- ed, will do its inmost lo benefit his crops, if judi- c'lous application follows judicious saving. T1.11EER.— At the du-^ciussion of the Farmers' Club, atNew A'ork. iuteresling as well as impor- laiit facts are iVeiinently evolved. Al a late meet- in", a member stated" that timber slmuld he cut dinvii ill May or .Iiinc, when the sap is active, lie instanced several facts from a paper by Hon. Timolhy Pickeriia', laid before the .Mass. Agn- ciiltmar Society in 1821, which stales that oaks fell in May, lasi'ed 22 year <; those cut in Februa- ry, lasted' but 12 year.', tlionj;li exposed niidef tlie same, eircumslances. A liirmer in iMassaclm- «ctls cut a birch for a well-sweep in May, and peeled the bark ott". It lasted 17 years; whereas Ijiich cut in the winter, wiili the baik led on, does not last more than one ye.u-. ftlany other similar cases were en erated IVom the paper. He said ihal timber cm in Jnne.siiould he sawed immediately alter it is cut, as it then works cu- '^"^'rimber will decay under lliice conditions:— fir-l by beinii moisl under a lice circiihdion of air ;'sJcoiid, when suhjected lo the aetioii of gas- e« and shut out from the air; third, in water, when in contact with vegi'table putrilymg matter. 'I'imlxM- kept dry in a free ciicnliition of uir, would never decay. Corn Folder.— Green corn makes excellent foildcr for cows and olher ciiiile, and when well cured, is equal to the best Knglish Imy. Ihe proilnce of this crop exceeds every other crop 111 umoiint of food, excepting mots. We I'ave ac- counts of 40 ions of green lood ami 12 of dry food to the acre. There is lime to rais^e n good crop ol corn lori- der, after Ihe farmer can determine pretty accu- ratelv whether the crop of crass will be good. A libeial supply of Ibis lo.hhr and Inrmps answers ;m ixcellenrpiirpose to make up a deficiency in the crop of bay, when il is likely lo fall short by r,.,-,soii of droufiht. In this way Hie farmer call provi.le a-ainst a scarcity, and a\oid the loss ot selliug oft' his slock at icduceJ iirices. E.'J^»«»UKJBM ^[)t iTarmcr's iUontl)lij faisitor. 87 (SiTfii forii I'oiTder, ;is lond (nr iiiilcli I'liwf, iiiid otIiKi' slock, is imw iisimI (•xleiisivdv in this teo- tidn. iiiid so it will hi; in idl |iMrls ol' ilio coMiiiry, vvliein I'uslina^'e is sciice, wljeu iis .•idv'uiilu;;i!s (lie well known. This feess iil'ilie mechanic aris in onr cily. We wi-ro llie other davshowua iinir.lic-r of licaniilid locks, nianii- fjiclcncd liy the L'uvcjl Lock C'oniiiany, whose islahlishiiicnt is at fhe iMuchanio's Mills, Waneii sirei't. -Mr. Aldrid:;c, the sn|ieriiilcnik'iit of the coitijiany, is a yonn.i; ami ingenions incchaiiic. He came to ihis ciiy uhoni two years aj;o, a slraii- ;.'Hr. Now he has aliotit lliiily persons eiii|doycd in ihe niaiudiicnire ol' locks, and he informs ns that llie doniand is even now ijreater lliun they can snpply. Willi one laijie lock we were par- licnhnly pleased. Il seemed to ns to dely the ■nrls of the most iiiL'eiiions of honse-lireakers to picd( it. UTr. Ahhidj.'e is making' one (n the velvet hank of the riier sat a rosy child. Her lap was filled wiili (lowers, and u garland of rose buds was en- twined round her neck. Her face was .-is raili.int as the Biiusliino that lejl upon it, and her voice was as clear as that of the bird which warbled at her side. The little stream went singing on, and with ev- ery gush of its musi(! the child lifted a flower in its (limplcil haiul, and with a merry laugh, threw it upon its surface. In her glee she forgot that her treasures were growing less, and with the swift motions of childhood, she Ihing them to the sparkling tide, unlil every bud and blossom dia- iippearcd. Then, seeing her loss, she; sprang lo her feer, and bursiing into tears, called aloud to the stream, " Bring back my flowers !" But the Btream danced along regardless of her tears, and as it bore the blooming burden away, her words came back in launling echo, along its reedy margin. And long alici, amid the wailing of the breeze, and the fitful bursts of childish grief, was heard the fruitless cry—-" Bring back my flowers !" Merry maiden! who art idly wasting the jire- cious moments so bountifully bestowed upon thee — see in the thoughtless, im];ulsive child, an emblem of thyself! Each monienl is a perfum- ed flower. Let ils fragrance be dispensed in blessings all around thee, and ascend as sweet incense to ils lieneficent Giver. Else, when thou hast carelessly flung ihem from thee, and seest ihem receding on tlie swift waters of time, thou cry, like the wee[iing child — " Bring me back my (lowers." And tlic only answer will be an echo fiom the past — "Bring me back my flowers." feet, plants six' inches apart st;dks. in the drills 29,040 113 11 5. The same do., two rows in a drill, six inches apart, and the plants nine inches, and three feet nine inches fiom centre of drills, thus: t'rotn the Complete Farmer and liural Econoii>!»t. Indian Corn. "In han-cstlng the crop, one of three modes is adopted, viz. : L The corn is cut at the surface of the ground when the grain has become glazed or hard upon the outside, put it iinniedialely into stooks, and when sufficiently dried the corn a)ul stalks arc separated, and both secured. 2. 'J"be tops are taken off when the corn has become glazed, and the grain permitted to remain till October or November upon the butts. Or, 3. Both corn and slalks are left standing till the grain has fully ripened and the latter become dry, when both are secured. There are other modes, such as leaving the bulls or entire stalks in the field aller the grain is gathered; but these are so wasteful and slovenly as not to merit considera- tion. The stalks, blades, and tops of corn, if well secured, are an excellent fodder lor neat cat- tle. ]f cut, or cut and steamed, so that they can be readily masticated, they are superior .to bay. Besides, their fertilizing properties as a manure, are greatly augmented by being fi^d out in the cattle yard and imbibing the urine and liquids which always there abound, ami which are lost to the farm in ordinary yards, wilbntit abundance of dry litter to take them up. By the first of these methods, the crop may be secured before the autumnal rains; the value of the I'odiler is increased, and ihe ground is cleared in time for a winter cro|) of wheat or rye. The second mode impairs the value of the forage, re(|uircs more labor, and does not increase the (]uantily or im- [irove the quality of the grain. The third mode requires the same labor as the first, may improve the quality of the grain, but must inevitably de- terior.-ite the quality of the fodder. The corn cannot be husked loo promptly after it is gather- ed from the field. Ifpermiiled to heat, the value of the grain is materially impaired." It has often been stated that great advantage was derived from selecting seeil corn fiom stalks which liad borne two or more ears. The Hamp- shire Gazette, published at Northampton, Massa- chusetts, mentions a fanner who " has selected his seed corn in this way for three years past, and the result has exceeded bis expectation. He states that it is not uncommon to find in his corn- field this season, [1831] stalks with three, Amu-, five, and soinelimes six ears, and three of them fiir, full grown, and fit for seed, and that too in hills containing four or five stalks." He says " I think my crop has been increased several bushels this year by the experiment. 1 would suggest a mode (if selecting seed to those who do not cut u|) the corn at the rool.'f. When they are picking cmn, and find a stalk with two or more car.s, let th(un tie the husks together, and the ears will be easily known at husking." "'i'he following table," says judge BucI, "ex- hibits the (lin'erence in product of various meth- ods of |il:inting, and serves al.so to explain the manner m wlii(!h large crops of this grain have been obtained. I have assumed in the estimate that each stalk ])roduces one erirof corn, and that the ears average one gill of shelled grain. This is estimating the product low; for while I am pemiing this (October) 1 find that my largest ears give two gills, and one bunilred fair oars half a bushel of shelled corn. The calculation is also |)redicated on the supposition that there is no de- ficiency in the iinniber of stalk-, a contingency sure on my method of phintiiig.* hills, bush. qts. L An acre in hills four feet apart each way will pro- iluco 2722 43 Iti 2. The same, three feet by three 4840 75 20 3. The same, two by two and a half feet 5808 93 28 4. The same, in drills at three 'I'laating an extra number or plants and lliinning clieni at the first or •econd hoeing. . . . . 30,970 120 31 6. The same in do., three rows in a drill, as above, three feet from centrea of drills, thus : .".'.'.".' 43,5aO 170 5 "The fifth mode I have tried. The ground was highly manured the crop twice cleaned, and the entire acre gathered and weigbeloiigliiiifj; no ninistnre had heeii appan in. 'The last fart, thonf;li it cannot have escaped the notict.' of the most careless cnltivator, has not been as yet explained. We can easily see that a soil reiiilercd porous would more readly anil ea- sily convey its inoisiure tollie roots. It hecomes like a spoiif:e, and is readily permeable, or rallier readily p('rmits the moisture to pass liutwllow, showing its color through a trans- parent epidermis ; while, if the hull is colored and opa(|ue, the grain presents the same color. In the Khode Island white llini, (a favorite grain in that State,) the oil is transparent aud colorless ; and the epidermis is likewise free from color, and is n(!arly transparent; hence the meal is while; and the quamity of oil being large, it is less lia- ble to ferment and become sour than some other varieties, and is in very good reput(\ The yellow color of llie golden Sioux, n twelve-rowed kind of corn, is due to the color of the oil. Brown corn has a darker color, dependent on the combined colors of ihe oil and epidermis. Red and blue corn owe their lively hues to the colors of the epidermis, anrl not to the oil. On inspecling very tliin slices of corn by tho aid of the microscope, the epidermal coal is found to be made up of hexagonal cells; sometimes much elongated, and much hirger than those of the glutinous and oily parts of the grain. The starch globules are seen distinctly in the starchy part, and are smaller than those of the potato, and arc mmdi more rounded. A drop of diluted tincture of iodine bring out their fiirms and character most beaiilifidly. No crystals of saline matters are seen in the grain; but the phosphates are probably in the state of a fine powder, while the ammonia is, in combination with the organic matters, forming a kind o\' amide in the mucilage around the germ. Indian corn, according to the analysis of Mr. Payen, consists ol'tlie following ingredients : 100 parts by weight yielded — Starch 28.00 Nitrogenized matter 4.80 Fat matter (oil) 35.00 Coloring matter 0.20 Cellular tissue 30.00 Dextrine 2.00 Viu ions salts 7.20 98.20 The proportion of oil is evidently overrated in this analysis; and the error is due to the solubil- ity of the zeiu,or gluten of Indian corn, in ether, which Pa_\ en used to dissolve the oil. The glu- ten, being taken up in this process, was mistaken for oil, and credited in ihe analysis as such, when it should be put under llie head of nitrogenized matters. It is not surprising that M.Dumas, in quoting this analysis, should observe that "individuals who eat corn firir some time, present sympionis of an accumulalioii offal in their tissue, which will not a[ipear asloiiishiiig when wi: consider that a bushel of corn would _\ield a quart (litre) of oil I" Our New England fiirmers, then, ou<;hl to be an excessively fat people, according lo this theory, if they did not work it off into hard muscular fibre. Dumas says, that ihe popping of corn is due lo the conversion of tiie waier contained in the starch into steam ; w hich 1 have shown to be an error, and proved this phenomenon to arise from the ruplure of lite cells of the glutinous jiart of the grain, by the conversion of the contained glo- biih'S of oil into gas. Indian corn is not sufficiently well known in Europe, aud is not properly valued. In England, the climate is not Riifficienlly warm in summer to allow it to ripen ; but green corn can be abun- dantly raised, and, if known, would be valued as a luxury. In the souili of France, and in Vene- lian Lombardy and in Tuscany, abundant crops of Indian corn are raised ; but it is used only by the poorer classes, and for feeding cattle — absurd prejudices having prevented its use emong the higher classes of llie people. " All animals that are exclusively carnivorous will eat Indian corn, and generally prefer it to other grain." It certainly is, in the highest de- gree, nutriiious. The cnliivation of corn gives a peculiar char- acter 10 New England husbandry — it being a hoed grain crop, unknown in England. A grain of corn is a fruitful topic, and might profitably occupy u large space on these jinges ; liut what has already been stated may serve to show the degree of interest attached to a single agricultural product, and convince agricultural- ists that they have abundant objects of study a- lound iliem. 90 ed is as great and somelimes greater than that of keeping ihe best. II'coMs are poorly kept, the difli reiicp ol breeds will scarcely be ilisccinible iiy the pr^uhict of ilieir milk. Some hiue there- fore supposed that it is the food alone uliieh makes ilie odds in the tpiaiitity ami ipialily of the milk. Tills snpposiiion is very erroneous, as may he shown by titeding two cows of a similar age, size, &c. on llie same liiod, the one of a good breed (iir milk and the oilier of a ilifTereni kind, and observing the diirerence in the milk pro- duct. Cows should be Ireated with great gentleness ami soothed by mild usages, esjiuciully ely finiiMid. If tli(; cliMiiiii^ i>r .-i cnvv tilli'i-calviiij; lie cli-l;iy('il, it iiiiiy he |ii(iiniite(J, nrcoidiii^' to Dean's New Knuliind Fuinier, hv giving a |i::il ol' «;iini uiitei- wiili some iifhef in it. Jnria d teals should he washed with two draeliins of sii^ar of lead in » qii:irt of water. Should tnniois a|i|.eai-, apidy a co ion vviiiin mash of hiHii with a Utile ktrtl— Complete Far- mer. ^ I Remember, I Remember. BY THOMAS HUOIl. 1 rcmpHiber, I reinembi'r. 'I'lic lii.ii.fi where 1 "as liorn, The iiuli; wiiulnvv where ihc sun Came pcepiiiii iii at iiiuin ; He never c;iiiie a wink tno soon, ^iir brought ten long :i dny ; But iKiw, I nlien wish the niglil Had biirne my breath away 1 1 remember, 1 remember, 'I'he rriHCs — reil and wlritp. ; Tho vicilets anil lily-cups. Those fliiwers rnadc of li:iht ! The lilaes where the mbiii built, And when! my brother set The laburnum on his birth-day — The tree is living yell I remember, f remember, Where I used to suing ; And iliouglit the lir must rush as Iresh To swallows on the wing : iSIy s;irit tJew in tiealhers then, 'riial is so heavy now. .\nd summer pools could hardly cool The lever on my brow ! I remeniber. I remember. The lir-trees dark and high ; I used to llimk tlioir slender tops Were close .igaiiist the sky : It w;i3 a childish ignorance, But now tis littlr joy To think I'm I'lriher off from heaven 'JMian when 1 was a boy. ac'id, one pint : on each of two CDrniiion plates lay a dry napkin, loiir-iloiililed : put half a piiii of eieaiii on each iia|ikin. Next day, have ready aiioilier, covered with a loldi.-d wet niipkiii, turn the cheeses one on top of the oilier npun ihe wet napkin, cover ihein ovi^r wiih tlitj ends of this weT napkin, and cliauye it every (lay lor a wi'ek till the cheese is ripe. It must not he done in a cellar or damp place, hut in u room, otherwise it will inonld. Slaushtei- of the Mamelukes. To me, the iiiost inleresliiif.' spot uiiliin these crime-stained piccincts v\as that where the last of llie Ulaiiieliikes esc.'iped Irom llie hlooily treachery of .Mclieiiiot .Mi. Soon alter llnf I'a- sha w.-is'contiriued hy the Porle in the viceroyal- ly of Ej:\ pt, he siimiiioned the Mameluke heys to a consiilialioii on the approaching war ajiaiiist the Waliahees in Aralna. .As his son 'roiissonm had heen invested with the ili^nily of pacha ot the second order, the occurrence was one of les- tivity as «ell ;is Inisiness. The heys came moun- ted oil their linest horses, in ma^niliceiit uni- forms, lorniiiijr the n.ost snperh cavalry in ihe world. After a very llatteriiif; reception from llie Paslia, Ih^y were reipiesled to parade in llie court of the ciiadel. They entered the Ibrtiticaiion unsuspeclinjily, and the portculiies lell behind the last of the pronil procession. A momeiii's glance revealed to tlieiu their doom. They dasli- ed forward — in vain I— heliire and around them, nothing was visilile hut hlaiik, pitiless walls and hailed windows, and the, only o|iening was tow- ard the hriijlit hlue sky ; even that was soon darkened hy the funeral pall of snioke,as vrjiley alter volley tired from a thousand niuskeis within the raniparis upon the ilefenceless and devoted hand. Rjiarllinj; and learfnlly sudden as was tlr^ death, they met it as hecame their fearless char.ictcr — some with arms crossed ii|)(>ii their niaileil lio.-onis, and their turhaned heads devout- ly howeil in pr.iyer ; some with flashing swords and fierce I'ur.ses, alike unavailing against their daslaril and lUlhless foe. All that chivalronsand spleuiliil llirong save one, sank rapidly beneath the deadly tvt: into ii red and wiiheriug mass — that (Uio was Kinim Hey. lie spurred his char- ger over the heap of his slanglilercd comrades, and sprang upon the hallleinents. It was a dizzy lieight, hut the next inoiuent he was in the air — anulliep', and he v.as diseiigagiii!.' himself from his crushed and dying horse amid a shower ol hulleis. lie escaped and found safely in the sancliiary of a mosipie, am! iiliiinaiely in ihe des- erts of the Tliehaid. — Crescent and Ihe Cross. To M.\KE Cream Cheese. — Take of the top or surface cream that has heen collected three or four days in the cieaiii-crock ko aa to be slightly Corn Stalk Sugar. The following article on this suhjecl, is taken from the rioniliern Cultivator: " Willi re^'anl to the cullnre, it is stated lliat Corn should he plaiiteil tis Ijioom-corn is com- monly plaiilcd, very close in the row, prohahly a stalk every three or four inches. The tillage will he the same as liir IJromn-corn. When the young ears begin to appear, it is necessary to pluck iheiu oft" carelully, ami to leap the gathering as olien as necessary, so as to prevent the furinalion of ani/ grain; because, if grain he allowed lo foi m, it lakes all the sugar from the stalk. About the lime the com begins to harden, the making ol Su:;ar should he begun. "It is not necessary to .say anything about a proper mill to crush the stalks and separ.-ite the jnii'e, because mills of the cheapest kinds only slioiihl be employed now, until the business would fully vvarralit an expensive outlay. U would probably be liiiind that Ihe coiumon cider mill, \t on the surliice, you will certainly bum il, and it will give it a candy taste. Throw in the w hiiewash made liom the lime, iminedi.ile- Iv alier you quit removing ihe gluiinons scum. — ■ When Mill have boiled lo satisfy yourself, l.'ike out the syrnp and put it in some shallow vessels lo cnol. 1 iiiii inclined to think, will) the juice has been extracted from the slalks by a wood mill, that if they were chopped up .■ind hoileil in wa- ter, good vinegar cmild be made from them. From liie N, E. Farmer. Renovation of J'asturcs. From the manner in which some farmers — anil ihey are not (<;w — treat their pasture grounds, one might suppose they considered such laml eiiilowed wilh peculiar propel lies — with a recii- perativi? ot .^idf-iiiiew iiig power, which enabled il to suslaiii ilself and piodnce its yeaily jieid wilhoul diuiinmion. But even when these fields begin to show hy .-eemingly iinmislakeable si;;ii3 that they nceii renovalioii, the owner not unfre- cpienily seems to di;eni it ini'xpedient to ;;ive llieni any asjistance to recover their lost strength, and keeps them pastures still ; though his stoi-k, which they are reijuireil to suji|iori, in a great uie;isnre in summer, have lo keep in diligent and active exercise their locomoiive and grazing lai'- idiies to get a daily siqiply of food from them, and come short aller all. The judicious ami energetic (itrmer pursues a diflerent course, and iimls his interest piorucled by il. When be sees his pastures are failing, he im- mediately ploughs them up, dresses the laud as he can alKird, [ilants and Iheii seeds down again ; seeds iiiiinediately afier prcp.iring the land in August or September. It cannot be disputed that this is wise and proSi.ible husbandry. One ohjeciion souicliines lUfied by llirmers to breaking up their pasture grounds, that they liave not material lo dress ilieiii wilh, may, in some c;ises, be well foniideil ; but more olien, we think, it is not. It is as geueraliy true in maiiure-get- liiig as in .-my other eiilerprises, that ''where there is a will, there is a way." ll| however, the alternative were left us, either lo permit a pasture to remain in a poor condition, yii'liliug a poor pro- duct, or to break it and new seed il without hav- ing any manure to apply to it, we should not hes- itate Id adopt the latter measure; for by plough- ing in the fall, and tinning the iiirrows flat, we should expect some degree of advanlage 111 im- proving the ground from the influence of snow and (i list, ;ind the ilecay iiig sod would be of some benefit to the next crop. But, i'cw farmers, we imagine, can be so poorly oft' for manure, or llie means of making mannic, as to be forced to adopt bUi-li a course as this. It is one thing to give advice to others, but a very difterent thing to put that advice in praciire, if you were circumstanced as they are, may he the observation of some one. Well, we reply 92 ^l]C jTarmcr's iUoxitl)ltj bisitor. thill it is very true— and it is equally true that I'll try often ;"lCl■ntn|lli^'hes wonller^'. 15ut fiUMiiers ivlio FiitiVr niuuiue to run to uasto — who throw ilieir diHii,' into (he yiud uncovered to 'manure the atrnosphere,' rather than their suflerins; fields— who w;iste or sell their ashes, and have swamps, woodland and niiirU deposits which are never drawn upon for manme — such )iu-iners liave not a shadow of excuse for makiu:; the want of manure a 'lion in the way' ol' renovat- ing their pasture frrounds. We hope and believe that the numluMof such is on the decrease, and that improved liirming will prove so contagious that every New Enjilainl farmer will catch it. It is certainly wise jinlicy to forego immediate profit for the saUe of effect'iu'^ a f;reat prospective improvement — ane sufficient to repay, still, if by so doing the land, when once well set in grass again, will produce good crops for several years with but little cost, it must be a short-sightsd sagacity that does not see the advantage of the measure, and the wis- dom of doing a little at first, to gain uuich more ultimately. J. H. D. " Go forth into the Couutry." (Prom Poetical Remains of tlie late Mrs. James Gray, in tftc Dtiblin Vnivemitii Magazine.) Go forth into the country, From a worlil of care and guile; Go forth to the untainted air, And the Kuii&hiuo'a open amile. It shall clear thy clouded Ijrow — It shall loose ihe worldly coil That hinds thy heart too closely up, Thou man of care and toil ! Go forth into the country, Where gladsome sights and sounds. Makes the lioart's pulses thnll and leap With Ircsher, quicker bouuile. They shall wake trc-h life withiu Tiic mind's ouchautoil bower; Go, Eludeut of the midnight lamp, And try their magic power! Go forth into the country, With its songs o! happy birds, Its fertile vales, its grassy fills, Alive with flocks and herds. Against the pov.-er of sadness Is its inn^ic all arra\e 1 — Go forth, and tireain no idle dreams. Oh, visionary maid I Go forth into the country, Where the nut's rich clusters grow. Where the stravvbtirry nestles 'mid the furze, And the hoUy-bernes glow. Each season hath its treastirts. Like lh'-(t all free an. I wiWl — Who wfuild Ueep t'lec froui the country, Thou happy, artless child ? Go forth into llie country. It hath many a snleinn grove, And many an altar on Us hilts, ^.icied to fience and love. And whiht with gra»efu! fervor Thine eyes its glories scan, VVorship the God who made it all. Oh! holy (.'hrisiiau man! PoTA'ro Uligut. — It grieves us to state that the blight which Ciiused such destruction to the potato ciop las! J car, has thus early commenced its ravages the picsent season. We have exam- ined a field bi-loi ging to Gov. Lincoln, which, we are assured, c,\liiiiited a perli;ctly heallhy appear- ance on the ,3d insl. Oii tin; 5lh, portions oi' the vines showed indications ol' disease, and on the 7lli, about one half of them were inoie or less shrivelled, many ol'them sin nidi to oni' half their I'oiinc.r (liiiKHislon.--, ami some of the le;iv{'s aliea- dy turned brown and nearly dry. The potatoes were of Ihe red variety, sometimes called the peacli blow.s. '1 he ^eed w:is selected, and in a fine and apparently he.-illhy state. We opened one o( till! hills most all'ected with the disease, and found the seed still sound aiitl apparenlly beulthy. Some of the new set potatoes weie ubont the size of n robin's egg, and looked well. So far as wc have observed, the disease appears to comtnence at the upper part of the vine. We invite the particidar !itli?nlion of farmci's to this subject. Wc hope that such careful and accurate ob.servatious of the coinmencemetit and j)rogre£s of tho disease, the present season, may be made and recorded, by men of judgment, as will lead to some more conclusive imiications than have been heretofore obtained, of its origin and causes, and that they may result in the dis- covery of some ellicient and adequate remedy for the appalling evil — an evil that threatens the de- struction of a ci'op which afiords one of our most alimidaul and most wholesome articles of Ibod. — fforcesttr Spy. Immortalit}'. Who knows wbeiher the best man be known, or whether there be not more remarkable |)er- sons forgot than any that stand remembered in the known account of time.^ Without the favor of the everlasting register tlie first man had been as tmknown as the last, and Me- thuselah's long life had this only chronicle. Ob- livion is not to be hired. The greatest part must he content to be as though they liad not to be Ibuud in the register of God, not in the re- cords of men. Twenty-seven names make up the first history bcfoi'e the flood ; and the re- corded names ever since, contain not one living ceiituiy. The nimiher of the dead long excee- deth all that shall live. The night of time far sin-|.asseth the day, and who knows when was the equinox ? Every hour adds unto the current arithmetic, which stands one moment. And since death must he the Lncina of life, and even Pagans could doubt whether thus to live were to die — since our longest sun sets at right des- cension, and makes but winter arches, and there- fore it cannot be long before we lie down in darktiess and have our light in ashes — since the brother of detitli daily liannts us with dying mentions, and time, that grows old in itself", bids lis hope no longer duration — dintnrnity is a dream, and folly of expectation. Darkness and light divide oin' course of time, and oblivion shares with memory a great part even of our living beings — we slightly remember our felicit- ies, and the smartest sliokes of affliction leave but short smarts upon us. Sense endureth no ex- tremities, and sorrow destroy us or themselves. To weep into stones and f"able.«. Afflictions in- duce collosities — miseries are slippei-y, or fiill like snow u[)ou us, which notwithstainli-ng, is no unhappy stupidity. To the ignorant of evils to come, and fingellnl of evils past is a merciful provision of nature, whereby we digest the ini.x- ture of a few and evil ilays, and onr delivered senses not relapsing into cutting remenihiance our sori-ous aie not kept raw by the edge of rep- etitions. A great part of antiquity conleiided llieir hopes of subsistency, with a transniigra- tioii (if their souls — a good way to continue their UMMiiories, while having the advantage of phir.il successions, they could not but act some- thing remarkable in sncli variety of beings, and etijoying the lame of their passed selves, make accumulation of glory into their last durjition. Others rather lliaii he lost in the uncomfortable night of nothing', were content to lecede into the conmioii being, and tnako the piddic soul of all things, which was no more Ihau to return in- lo their tmknown and divine original again. Egyptian ingenuity was more tins.-iiisfied, con- triving their bodies in sweet consistencies to attend the relnrn of their souls. But all was vanity, feeding the wind, fully. The Egyptian miniile.'^, which C'ampses or time hath spared, avarice now consnmeth. Muminy is heroine miMchaiidize. Miziiam cures wounds, and Pha- raoh is sold lor balsams. There is nothing strictly imminlal but iminor- taliiy. Whatever bath no beginning may be coiilident of no end, which is the peculiar of that necessary essence that cannot destroy itself, and the highest strain oinnipoK'iicy to be so powerfully couslitnted as not to suffer even Irom the powi.'r of it-elf — all others li;iv<' a ilependaiit being, and within the reach of destruction, lint the .'lUtiiciency of ClirisliiUi iinmortalily frus- trates all earthly glory, and Ihe qu.diiy ot' either slate idler de.ilhs make a folly of poslhunwious memory. God, who can only destroy our souls, anil hath assured our resurrection, either of our bodies or our names, hath directly promised no duration. Wherein there is so much of chance; that the boldest ('xpectants have I'oiind unhappy I'rnslratiou, and to bold linig substances seems escape into oblivion. I!nt ni.-m is a noble animal, splendid in ashes, and pom|>ous in the grave, solemnizing nativities and death with equal lustre, nor oinitting ceremonies- of bravery iu the infamy of bis nature. — Sir Thomas Brounn:. Thorough Cultivation. Thorough cultivation is .ahsolutely necessary to the production of good crops. The hind should be kept loose, and finely pulverized to a consid- erable depth, that the roots may easily penetrate the soil in every direelion. Under such manage- ment the rain will rim down, instead of running off, as is the case when the ground becomes dry, hard, and baked. The water that descends in a well-u anaged soil, will in part rise by evaporation and supply the deficiency in time of drought, it is frequent- ly the case that so far i'roin thorough cultivation, the manure is only coarsely mixed with the soil, and it remains undisturbed through the season, the weeds being cut down and the earth barely stirred a little at the surface. The consequence is light crops. When the soil is very light and dry there is a g''eat advantage in stirring it quite deep. By deep ploughing among corn on sandy soil, the efjects of droiiglit liave been avoided in a very dry sea- son. Agricnitnral Improvemeut in England. Though agriculture has been improved in Eiig land fur hundreds ofyears, yet it advances far moro rapidly the |)iesent century than at any forinei periotl. And this is owing in a great measure to the application of science. Agricultural chemis try has taught the cultivator what elements enter into his crops, and of course of what the soil i.s exhausted, and how to siqrply the ileficieiiey. It has also taught him the saving and economical application of manures. So rapid has been the improvement of various kinds in the present century, that during the first Ibrty years, the in- crease of population in the kingdom was 10 mill- ions, aud the increase of production was iu pro- portion. Courting an Old Maid in Disguise. A young gentleman of our city, (says the Nan- tucket Inquirer) w ho bad exiiausled bis wits in playing tricks, and bad tdmost become a terror to his I'amily and relations, who are of the iiigh- est order of society iu point of wealth, some weeks ago struck upon a new mode of having sport, lie had noticed an old maid who was in- timate with his mother, and who, we learn, had never been made so happy as to have a beau. — Her age was fill} ; lier native l.iiid England. Our youngster determined that he would court this old maid, and for this purpose procured a suit of English breeches, a v\ ig, and other lliings to suit a disguise of a youns- bachelor of fifty. Tims metamorphosed into a spruce old man, he approached the old maid, and by his suavity of maimer, and changed but wintdng voice, com- pletely succeeded in making love to Inr, without the least suspicion of his family. She returned his kisses and caresses in a most perlect frenzy of delight. Never before in all her born Hays had she lidt the electric fire of u lover's kiss. — Her virgin bosom forgot its age and revelled in the glowing passion of lii-r spring time of life ; the warm but hilherlo undisturbed blood of six- leen w as now, for the first lime, beating and throb- bing iu a heart of fifty. This was a most exciting scene for the young scamp; it was so fmmy he could not keep it to himself; so he let bis mother know it, and she, as tpiick as thought, deterinined to [.unish her son liir the imposition he had practised upon her old and respectable maidiMi friend. She, there- fore, feigned not to bidieve him, staling that it was impossible he could so change his in.inner, voice and dress, as to impose upon the old maid. The son proposed that be would demoiistiate the liicl, by his mother happening in when he and his ilauie were logether. In the meanlime the mollier visited her old friend, and they became satislied of the perfidy of the young man, and boih resolveil on revenge. When the day came for the next visit, the inolli- cr happeni'd insure enough, lint a very few min- utes saiislieil tho imposing parly he hail got into H very bad t]\. 'I'he doors were immediately locked, when the mother and the old maid each pulled out a w hip from under their apron.s, and the way the young man with an old look and courting luopensitics got thrashed, was a caution QL\)C iTavmcr'p i^lontl)lri llisitor. 93 to all kiixl of imposters. The fury of the insult- ed uiaid was as violent as had hoen her passion, and the hiack leirs, face and aruis of herqnoudaui lover atletiled to it. In Ine syncope state liillow- iiif,', it uas disclosed li) the '■ (dd uii" that her weildiufr day had Ixieii uppoiiited, and the wud- i\ui£ dress prepared. Stabi.es. — As all farjiicrs keep horses, they should know how to lodge them, and do it well. U'e propose to give our views of w hat should bo a frood stahle. Light aiul ventilalioii are of the first importance. In the present nuiid)er we will speak of the proper lighting,' of stahle.s. If they are not lisilited at all, the horse's eyes are weakened, so that he cannot endure liglil wlirn exposed to it, and the longer the confme- nicnt the greater the inahilily ; l)Ut it Is equally iinportaut to light |)roperly. IMany a horse has been hiiiided hy the improper admission of light, or its excdusion. The window admit- tiiig it shoidd not lie placed hefore the hor.■^e : A sii'eam of light coming iu through a small ap- erture, and especially if from the direclion of the suu, tries the eye most severely— the smaller the window and the larger the stahle, the worse the ertect. If the light come in directly iu front, then hy contrast the space hefore the horse on which the light does not fall is dark, and the eye is rendered incapahle of adapting itself to the faint light ou the places where the light does not directly fall, hy reason of the couti'aclion of the pupil. Ill the (lark of twilight, the juipil is dila- ted ; in the light, coiitraded ; and the more in- tense the light, the greater the contraction. For these reasons, the light shoidd not strike the eye in front when the horse is in the stahle. If the window be in front of the horse, he is continu- glly gazing out at it, and thus prevented taking his rest properly. Again, the light should not come in fi'om one side, as one eye is dilated and the otiier contracted. This in the end leads to ihfliirent capahilities of the two eyeii. The light should enter the st.ahle at the rear of the horse. In single rowed slrUiles this is very easily arranged where the stahle will admit it, by bringing in the light from the opposite side I'rom Ihe stalls ; hut this cannot be done in double rowed stables. In such there is but one way to light them properly, and that is from the roof. l>ut the aduiis.-ion of light in this manner is best in all stables. The light is diffused and 8nb(hierli, she her whales, spotte.l lenpanls, l.^.^•.■s, hahl heade.l • , , , _ .. I ..'... i-.i... .1 ^t ,.,i,l,.r pardon, when Lee, who was eveV reaily to see the impropriety of his own eondiiet, hiil never wilhii;; to ehanye it, f,'ave her a crown ; anil tiiri.in:i to the Aid-ile- Camp, ohservi-d, " Von see, yonn;,' man, the ail- vantajie of a fine eoat. The man of eonseqnenee is indehted to il liir respret ; and neither virtue nor aliilities without il \vill make him look like a gentleman." Lee had the consolation to find partners in his disgrace. In the same eonntv, and within a (<;w miles of hirn, wa.s IVIajor &-iieral Stevens, a Scoiehmaii, who was hroke for inisl)ehavior at GermantovMi, and Gen. Gates' house was close liy. On the arrival of the old man, after hisiiii- fiirtniiate defeat hy Lord Cori'wallis, at Camden, Lee ohserved that Herkly was Ihe first eoimty whieli had ever heen, at the same time, the re- treat of three nnfortnn.-ite Generals. " Yun, Ste- vens, (said he) -Aas hroke for jiettiny: ilrnid; when every man should I)" in hi.; smises, I, for mit fijrht- in?, when I e.as sure to he lieat, and yon. Gates, for le -n;,' be..t vviien you liad no hnsiness to en- AsToiiNDiNG SciENTiFJC DISCOVERY.— There n;e hut few pirsons who have not heen very siek ut some period of their lives. All sneh persons have (piile a vivid recolleeiion o( the pan,;;s they then siifieied. They li'lt vastly nui-ouilonalile, I'li; dill not acein-ilely understand what it was that hronjjht ahont tlie aiHirlions of hoily and mind they experienced. We have the pleasure of amiouneini that philosophy, anal>sis, and tlie tnieroscopes, have discovered the reason why when il person is diseased he tijels piodi;;ion>ly restless and imeasv. Froni llie New York Aiir- ror we learn ilii.t a very acute fienins, I'rolessor Brouson, has iuforinell the «orld all ahout it. Listen: — ridfessor Bronson stated, in his eonclndinj! lecture last neek, that if a drop of hnmaii hlooii he siihjeeted to examinaliuii hy the oxhydroyeu mii-ioscope, and nia;.'nilied som'e twenty millions of times, all the speciis of animalciiloe now ex- isting; on the earth, or that have existed dm inj; the difierent stages of creation for millions ol years past, will there he di.-covered. Jii the iilood of a healthy person, all the anirnalcnijc are - quiet and jieaccaiile ; hnl in the hlood of a dis- eased person, they are ijirions, ra-iin;.' and prey- in;; upon each other. This he staled in illustra- tion of his position, that mail contains wiihiii himself all the principles of the universe. It was also asserted that il' a dead cat he thrown into a pool of sta;;nani water, and allowed to dissolve there, a drop of waii-r taken from any ]iart of the pool, uiid examined as ahove, «ill show every species of animal of the cat kind that has ever existed on Ihe earth, rii^iii;^ and de- siroyiiii; one anolhcr. 'I'll' hodies of all the lower animals heiii;; thus made up (d'animalenlre similar to tlirmseUi-s: ;md the hody of man he- inu compounded of all that is below in the scale of creation. We, like most oilier specimens of hnmanity, have been the victims of lever, diiriiiy the con- tinuance (d' which we felt as hot as fresh baked pancakes and as niieasy as htianded eels. We were in perfect i;;iior»iice of the cause, and are thankful to llie learnerl I'lofessor liir Ihe valuable informaliiin he 1 as ;;iveii. From ihe resiill of the Professor's profound investi;;arions, il iip.pears very clear that when a man is lahorin;; imder a hoi billions li;ver, a most distriictive warlini: is ^'oin;; on in every drop of blood that runs in his veins. In each drop me- {;alheriiiins, mammotha with awful tusks, ele- phants wilh huge Irniiks, lioim with shaggy diloes, catamomils, taranliilas, anledihiviaiis, is- leosaiiriaiis, scorpions, centipedes, porcupines, flv-np-the-creeks, while bears, wolves, ostriehi'S, alligators, sea-serpents, mermaids, rats, cats, mice, pi;;s, lizards, jackasses, to;;etlier with a vast as- sortiiif lit ofriinniii;;, ciau liiiL', Ry'iw^, swimming;, and creeping lirm;;s which existed long before a drop of hninan blood was creat»-d— we say that when a poor devil has a I'ever, all these animals and many thousand more infcsl each drop of his blood, hiiinu', scratching and tearing each other in a millioii difT-rcnt and iu'renions ways. No woudi-ra fellow feels iincomforlable.. — Louisville Journal. _^____ The Heritage. BY JAMES UUSSELL LOWKI.L. The rich man's t^on inherits Innds, And pdes of hnc-ks, and stone nnil gold, And he inlienls suit, white Innds, And lender flesh tliat lears the cold, I^Ior dares to wear a "armulit old j A lieritage it scruis to me. One would not care to hold in fee. The rich man's sons inherits cares ; Tlie bank in ly break, the ficlnry burn, Some breath may burst his bubble shares, And soft white b'nnda would hard.y earn A living that would suit his turn; A heritage, it seems to me. One would not care to hold in Tee. What does the poor man's son inherit? Stout muscles and a sinewy heart, A hardy Irame, a hardier spirii ; Kill'' ol two hands, he does his part In every uselul toil and art; A hcniane, it seems to me, A king imght wish lo hold in fee. What does the poor man's son inherit? \v lilies o'erjoyed wilh humble tliinjjs, A rank adjudged by toil worn merit, ColileiU tiiat rrniii etoployillel springs, A heart thai in bis labor sings ; A herit.iue, it seems to me, A king might wish to hold in fee. What does the poor man's son inherit ? A patience learned by beiiii; poor ; Criurage, iC sorrow come lo bear il, A fellow leeling that is sure 'J'n make Ihe tjulc.ist bless his door ; A herilage, it seems lo nie. A king might wish lo hold in (ee. Oh, rich man's son, there is a toil Tlial Willi all others level stands; Large clianly doih never soil, Bui only whitens, soil, while hands; This is ihe best crop Irom thy lands; A heritage, il seems lo mc, Worlh being rich to hold in fee. Oh, poor man's son, scorn not thy stata, There is worse weariness than thine, lo merely being rich and great; Work only makes ihe soul to shine, Ami makes rest I'ragranl and benign ; A heritage, it seems to me, Worth being poor lo hold in fee. Both heirs lo some six feel of sod, Are equal in the earth nl lasl; Both children of Ihe same liisir Gnd ; Prove title lo your heirship vast, By record of a well-filled past; A herilage. il seems lo me, Well worih a lile to hold m fee. Glciiuings from the AgriciiUiiral Joiirnals. Sub soil ploui^hing. — 'J'lie Boston Ciillivalor eniiinerales llie lolluuing as some of the advan- tages which have been found to attend sub-soil ploughing: On wet lands the water will run down, and leave the surface more dry and lriahli>; and on dry sandy soil it keeps the e:trlli loo.-e to so much grealer depth, ilial the inoisliire is allrueted from lielow, and siipjilles ill u iiieusuie ii wuiit ol' ruin in time of drought. It idl'oids a iiiiieh larger pasinre fiir the roots of plains, which will rim fur below our usual depth of phmghiiig, if the soil be properly pre- pared. it mixes the surface and siib-soils together, and this is an advanta:;!', as ihey are generally of ilil- fereiit kind.-. Or if the soils be alike originally, the siirliice soil becomes exhansled of some inor- ganic substances by repented cropping. From these tiiid oiher advantages, crops by the use of these ploughs have been increased '-i-i per cent., other treatment being (he same. Raising Ciiciimiera.— The following direelinns are given for propa;;ating several crops ol cii- cuuihcrs in smcession. As soon as tlnre apjiear several flower buds on a plant, bend ihe second or third branch or joint below the blossmn, tiisleu it firmly to ihe ground, and cut off the capillary point of Ihe plant. The vegelable spei'dily takes root when you separate it limn ihe parent stalk. Proceed thus with ihe most vigorous plaiils. and as each root has only to support a few Iruils wilh nouri>limeiii, you both save labor, and pro- cure a constant succession of cncuinber.s I'lr ii iiiimber of months, from one sort, and which are not as likely lo degeiieraie as if they were raised from a variety of seed. — Boston Cult. Scours in Shep. — This malady is one of the worst complaints that aitaek the flock ; as soon as discovered the diseased animals should bo re- moved from llie floi-k, and kept fasting at least twenty-four hours without any food. Then com- mence by feeding them ill small (piantities, ripo hay ; coarse timothy is as good as any ; keep llieoi "p oil ripe hay iiuiil \oii are salisfied the disease has ahaieil. This is the most simple and surest method 1 ever tried. Fresh li'cd, L'rass or hay, may cause this cnrn- plaiiii, and when lliorou;;hly coiiMiienced among the Hock, it may spread by contagion; therefore a sliifl of place and feed is obviously necessary. If the hay be brined once or twice each week through the fnilderim: season, say, dissolve one pint of sail in Ihiee gallons of water, for a flock of fifty, it vvill prevent ihe scours, and is one of the best inethods of winter management, if fed in mild weather, that can be recoinmeiided t recede somewhal. Two causes op.erale to pro- duce this. Ill the first place, many works requir- ing; a large amount of iron lor iheir construction, have been suspended; and again, the iron mas- ters of (heal llnlaiu ilave come lo tlu! decision thai the price must be reduced somewhal, or the prodnctiiMi in the United Stales would !«■ stimii-_ laled so excesfiiily by ihe enormous profits of ihe business, llial il would lead nllimately lo the ruin of Ihe laiglish iron masters. In the nieiui time it was found lhat large orders from the Uiii- ti (1 Slates had been comitermanded ; that other orders which had been filled, had actually been lesohl in l'',iiglanil, at the greaily advanced pricey in both cases those wanting ihe iron having ile- ler;nined to suspend their works and wait the in- creose of produciion. The British niamifactur- ^I)c jTarincv'ri iHcintl)ln iHsitor. 95 ers Imve liecotiie stailleil sit tliis and have dctci'- niiiied to |nil down llie price. Prcsfnt rales', liiiu- e\er, and llioso «l]icli will In: likely lo pievail lor some ujirs, afliird lar^'er [irofns lo the iron mas- ters than is realized in any other great lirauch nl' trade. 'I'he Uritisli iron masters say that tlie jirodnc- tion eaimot readily he materially increased in that eonntry, as the erection (d' new Inriiaees niul machinery, the lorminf; ol' railways for the trans- poriaiion of the nniieral to the points reipnred, require of themselves a considcralile amount of iron ; ami another r(;ason they jjive, which to onr enterprisini; people will sound as a verj' strange one. 'riicy s.iy that the advance of wa;.'es always following' upon prosperous limes, teiiils to check the production, as tlie miner will work six per (h,y. I'he amoiint of iron prodiiccil in Englaiul and Wales last year, was 8.50,000 tons, and in Scot- l;i:,d .3,"50,O0(l tons, iiiakiiii; » total of I.'JIO.OOO Inns; and the consultations of ihe iron masters have lesnlled in the eouclnsion, that iioiwith- slandiii;; the iri'eat demand, they cannot make n;ore llian T;],)0.000 tons the present ye.-ir. In the I'niied Slates, the prodiiciion last year w.is ;?.iO,000 tons, ot which Peiinsjlvania (urnish- ed :i-;?.').UUO Ions. This year il is eslini.-iled that IVjMisylvania will increase lier jirodnctioii to 800.000 Ions, and Ohio, llie ne.\t largest iixui pro- ducing Slate, «iil .also show a ftrettt increase — 'I lie I'liiladelphia PrnusylvMiiiau sa^ s, ''Our nu- ineions iron disiiicls are full of life and eiieicy ; and the firoaiiin^ of nujihty enyines.aiid the lij;hi of i;lowiiif,' furnaces and rollinir mills can almost be liear(l, so ihicdily are they located along Ihe Wuimiii!; valley imd the Snst]nehanuah, and in many other secfunis of llie Slaie, where vahiahle (!i'posit--s of rich iron ore have heeii discovered ; and months only have heen required to accoin- pli'
  • ,970 of pigs in maniifactiu ing it into iiicr- idiaiit ic'ii, would he ),,^24 tons; so that the pro- duct of those three furnaces alone in pigs would yield ill meridiant iron 7,440 tons, and the same calciilalioii will hohl good in retraicl lo the oilier furnaces in the vicinity, of which there are seve- ral, aiul ill! of the largest class. In Venango Co., three new liirnaces are in the course cd' <'rection, together with several in Cla- rion and Arnistroiifj coimties. From the Massachusetts Pluii'^hnnn. We presume the following commnnicatioii is from the pen of the IIou. Morrill Allen. It is copietl from the Old Colony Memorial: Potatoes. The disease in potatoes, which in some sections of the connlry nearly desliojed the crop of last year, has not yet progressed many very alarming e.vlent in the Conniy of Plymouth. But, there have heen siiftieient indications of its existence, and advance.-', tojiislily some general attention to the suhjecl, and the employment of such preven- tive, or remedial means, as may seem to cidiiva- lors the most likely to prove eflicacious. Unlil llie causes of the malady shall be more salisliie- toiily invesligaled, no rules can, wiih implicit confidence, he given for the treatment. The liir- mers must do as physicians are sometimes idilii. ged to do in cases of undefined hoilil) disease pipscrihelo Ihe symptom.--, 'i'his pi-ictice is at tended with great nncerlainiy, vet ihe results of it in experience sometimes prove highly valuable. Till! different causes to which Ihe disea.se in po- tatoes has been ascribed, lead wrilers to suggest a great variety of remedies in accordance with their views of the probable origin. Let fiirmers select and apply such as their reason and judg- ment best approve, and it may be ilnit merely practical men uill, in the course of iheir experi- ence, clearly prove what theory has hitherto fail- ed of doinir, the moving cause of the difficulty. If, as supposed by some, it be of insect origin, then sail and lime would seem proper applica- tions, and these are also strongly recommended by persons who think lliat fungus is the produc- ing cause of the disease. Those who suppose it arises from atmospheric influence may properly apply the same means which would lie recom- inmrled by those who believe it the result of ex- cessive grontb. Preparalioii of the soil, and a course in the cidlivaiioii likely to produce an even growth is imi]iieslionably iinporiaut in this ;uid oilier crops. Some persons seem confident that the rot in potatoes results wholly from deteriora- lion in the seed. If this be tine we may not ex- pect to avoid the evil merely by sending to anoth- er place (or seed potatoes ; we should renew them fnun the bulls. This is a process reqiiii ing some p.alience, but ue know of no easier method of eiiiire renovation. We suppose renewal can be approached in successive plMiiiings of uuui.-iinrpd poiatoes. Tliese have ofieii been strongly recom- mended for seed, not only for the purpose of avoiding disease, biit as a means of incicasing ibe cro[i. It is manifestly contrary to what we regard as a general law in vegetation, that the most perfect .seed produces the healthiest and most fruitful plains. There are, however, several reasons for believing that the potoio may he an exception to the geiiend law. The vegetative principle is not so eonceiilr.iled in the poi.Uo .-is ill most olher articles. It can be |)roiluced from the balls, the bulbs, or from sprouts which have grown in the cellar, or the earth. The vegeta- tive principle being so widely difliised, it may be reasonable lo suppose, that the perltct ripening of till! poI;ilo to some exienl v\eakens it.s power of re-pioduclioii. That power after the complele malnriiy of the bulbs may be more perficily eon- eeiilraled in the ball.''. The experiment is "easily made, and it is hoped that many fininers will this year pl.'uit poiaioes for ihe nexi yciu's seeding as lale as llie 25ili of June. IM. A. Pembroke, Alay We have not yet, in all the spi eolations of ibo curious and the scientific, oii ihe subject of the recent disease in |)Olatops, seen any thing lo throw light enough to enable im to lake n single step towjirds a remedy. In raising Ihlrleen hun- dred bushels of potatoes last J ear, we bad ce.n- gratnlated ourselves On an entire escape from the disease complained of by the most, if not all onr neighbors. We had disposed to good advantage of something like halldf our crop; and we ihou:;hl we should do betler lo .save llie remain- der iiiiiil the opeinng of spiing by then sending them to the Boston market. .\s the most safe kind, ue li.id planled half Ihe ground with long reds the two last years. In the lidl of J843 oi r long red poi.iiiies u eie l.'iid in the ground in a bed not over two feet deep, covered with a coaling of green hemlock boiiglis. and tliesie covered wiih the snrronnding soil so ihat the winter I'rost could not reach through. The potatoes in the follow- ing spring came out its fresh and fair as they were on tlie day they vMne covered. Precisely the same w:iy and near the same spot did we in Oclober last dispose of about five hundred bush- els of the long reds, the kiiiil that were supposed to be proof againy the rut, and near them in a continued bed about one hundred bushels of" the round pink-eyed potatoes, ;m earlier kind. The pink-eyes came tut as good as they were when they were covered: the long reds were a muss of rollenness so general ihat of tlie whoh? (piaii- tity not a busherwas tnkeu out to be saved. We believe the potatoes suffered finm the disease, because a few d;iys before they were dnir their growth was anesled by the sudden dying of ihe tops, which seemed lo be stricken as with the blight which fieqnenlly takes place at the earlier season. The vines, heing thus killed, we ring them perhaps a (iirlnighl earlier llian we iiii;:lit otherwise have ilone ; and it was observed, when they were disposed of in their bed, that the skin peeled off easily. '! I. e lop of the bed was kept open as fiir as il could be done safely imiil the approach of severe fiost. We .no inclined lo think that the potatoes perished in consequence of being taken out oi' the air perhaps a fortnight too soon. Only a pail of ihe same potaiocs, dug at the same time, and laid in the bin of a cellar, above ground, adjoining to ;i basement kiichen, where a lire is kept continually, snlTered fi-om the rot : the potatoes remiiiiiini; of these are some of Ihe best we have ever seen at lliis season of the year. The potatoes of last year disposed of in ihe same position, were greatly improved fioiii the exposure to the air nnil beat fiom the kitch- en: the long reds of the present spring seem to have been beni'filled from the same e.vprisnre — so that in the tw:; positions of the \ ears 1843 anil 1844 llie case was exaclly leversed. We saved the potatoes where iliey were before lost,aiid we lost the potatoes where ihey were before preserv- ed. Onr belief is that the cfTects of the disease, which appeared o;i the killing of the vine.-', might have been avoided by keepiii;; the potatoes ill the ground until they bad been perfcctiv ri- pened. Most strange and t-naccounlable is this potato di.sejise. Souielimes we h:ive seen one Kind of potatoes (the Chenaii;oes Icir insiaiice,) half rot- ten .-It the time of digging, and some of them in- dicating the rot by specks upon llie end; while alonr side, in ihe sail e (iei.i, olhei kinds of po- l.'iioes were enlirely he; fioiu rot, or fiom all in- dicalions of disease. Other fiidds of the same kind of potatoes escape the rot entirely. The richest soil seems to have been most liable to the rot. The high grounds of ibis Stale, the latest broken up pasture ground.-', have commonly pro- ihieed the best pol.-iloes. Of last year's proflnc- lioii it is believed .t'aat in these grounds llie greater portion of t'le crop ivhs lost — more llian in the grounds where the blight had in for- mer years been more common. Maple for England. — Two boat loads of 96 ^{)t jTarmcr's iHotitl)hj iJisitor. curled iiiid liirds-pje maple have been recently laiidid ill 'I'ro.v li'mi lli« lin' "est, to he shi|i|)eil to Eniilaiid, u'liert; this woofi is in fjreat retiiiest ibi- cabinet timke\-s.—E.icliartge paper. The sijoai- tree, whicli^spiinss n|> spontaneous- ly in the fiKiuiitain regions of New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont, as well as in the adjacent Canada township.*, lin-nislics the curbed or hirds- eye wood so lieutnirul in cahiiiet work. Jt is the second growth of this useful tindier tree that produces the ainuially increasing quantity of su- gar and tnola.-bhl, 14,00 No. 1 Shad, p-bbl, ia,o:) Ton's & Sounds, D>-bhl, e,l)0 lI.B.Fins,tf>-bbl, 9,00 FLOUR, Genesee, 5,25 F.incy brand, 5,50 Ohio, Akron, 6,95 Spaiildinjl, e.ttra, 6,25 FRUIT. Fiss, '....l-l Raisins, blue mark, 8,00 Black iiiark, 7,50 no.\, hunch, 2,50 FtTSTICK, Cuba, V> ton, 30,00 Tampiro, 23,00 Ground, |(> Imnd 1 ,75 GLUE, Russian best 17 .American 11 GRAIN. Oats, 40 cents li>- bu Corn, 62^ dodo bu Rve, ()7 do dobu Beans, 75i»l,.5D Pi-.ns, SO® 75 GRIND.STONES, 1st qual- ity, finished, V* bund. 2,25 D.i. (Iff. unfinished, 1,50 HEitRINCt* ho.\, Ao. I,,. .50 Scali:d, 75 INDIGO, liengal,. 1,10® 1,75 Spanish tioat, ... 1,00 ® 1,50 Jianilla, 75® 1,25 IRO.V, Ohi Sable, 5 Enelisli, 4J Banks, vehned, 4| Eiiijlish, sheet 0 Russia, do 12® 13 Old Sable nail rods, 6 Norwegian do t-.', Onminon do 4A Eii!-'tis!i hoop 5' Ameroaii .lo 4 l^hoe Sll.tpes, Alii ■! j Swedes, shoe shapes, 5 LE.VTHEIi. New Vork Sole Leather, Lisht, 14® Ifi Do. Heavv, '...12*® 15 LI.ME, Thomaston, first quality, 1,25 Ouindeii,di 1,12.1 LOGWOOD, St. llomin- BO, ilHon 22,00 CaiiipOHCliy 27,00 Ground, {r^ liund 1,75 MAIJKKKHL, No. 1, |f>- bbl I2,.50 No. 2, !0,.50 No. 3 8,.50 iMOLASSES, Havana, 28 Siiriimm, 28 Trinidad 30 Porto Hiro, 31 Siijiar House, .50 N.VILS. BosioiilronCo'a brand 4^ Old Colony do 45 Weymouth Iron Co l] JIalden 41 PLASTER, ^ ton 5,.i0 Do. cr id, 10,00 PROVISIONS. Poik E.\- trnrl.ar (!> bbl 1(5,00 (7oiiiinon do 14,00 Extra iMess, 12,00 Common do 10,00 Buiter,|f> tb, 8®12 Cheese, new niilch,-...G® 7 Four meal, 4®5 Dried apple, best, 2.iia 3 Lard, northern, ~. ..84 Do. southern, 8 Turkeys & Chickens, best,7 Goslins, best, 4^ Round Hogs 4i®5i REDWOOD, ground, #• hund 2,75 Nicaragua, ^ton, 35,00 RICE, lf>hund. best 3,50 ROSIN, |>bbl 2,50 SAL^UATUS, first qualilv,4 SALT, St. Ubes, ^ hhd. 3,20 Cadiz, 3,25 Bonaires 3,25 Turks Island, 3,50 I^iverpool, 3,25 Do. tine, Worthingston brand, P bag, 9,00 Do. other br.ands, .. .1,75 SALTPETRE, crude, 8 Do. refined, 9 SEED. Clover, northern, ..81 Do. southern 7" Herds gra.ss, ^ bu 1,75 SlIEirriNGS, prime lf>-yd ..7 SHINGLES, first qnalily. No. I, pine, ti>,\l 2,75 rill. (hi. do. spruce, 1,75 SHIRTINGS, i!>yard, C.t SHOT, assorted 51 SHOVELS, cast steel, li> doz 10,00 Steel pointed do 9,00 Iron do. best, 8,00 Do. common, G,50 SO.\P, Caslrle, 1) White Soap, best, 8 Brown, xNo. I, 4 Family, 5 Extra, 6 SPICES. Cassia, iifmats, 22 Do. ground, 23 Cloves, .to Ginger, pure, ' 7 Wacc,l^ib,...' 1,00 Nntipegs, best 1,95 Pimento, whole, 12 Do. ground H Pepper, whole, 11 Do. ground, 12 STEEL, Swedes, best 7^ Sanderson, Brothers & Co. c;u-t steel, 18 Jes.sop&Son, do 17 Gorman, best, 12.J Do. Common, 10 Coach s[)riMg, best, 9A SUGARS. Brov.-n Hava- na, vciy best, 91 Do. do. prime 8| Do. do. fair, 8 Double refined East Bos- ton loaf, I2J Do. do. crushed I2J Do. do. powdered, 13 Common loaf, 11 Porto Rico, best, 8 Purified .Muscovado do ...8 TAR, l'> bbl 3,00 TE.-VS. Gunpowder, best quality, };> Jb, 75 Imperial, do 80 Hvson, do (.0 Hyson Skin, do 30 Voiing Hyson, common, .35 Do. do. fair 45 Do. do. good 50 Do. do. best, (30 TOBACCO, common keg,..fi Good dn 10 Ctuinnon bo.x, 8 Good do I2i Ihuu'y Dew, do. best, 18 Cavendish CS BRTGIITOIV MARKET,— MoNDAV, July 7, 1815. IRepoiled for the Daily Advertiser & Patriot.] At Market .520 Reef Cattle, 10 pairs Working Oxen, and ISOO Sheep. 40 Beef Caltle unsold. PiiiiEs.— /I'lx/' CiiK/c— E.\tia, $5 75; first quality, 5 50 j sec- ond $5 la 5 25 ; tllird, %\ 50 ® S5. WoTkin'i Ornr. — No sales noticed. Sheep. — Laiubs from $1,50 to sa 2j j old Sheep from $3 lo 2 25. Sirijic— None at market. (farmers J!Imitl)b l^isitar. t-1 -iu'iawM " f'^" CONDUCTED BY ISAAC HILL. ™^^Vq«9^^iH ^^^^WBSCB '^ThOSE who labor I:« the SARtH AhB THE CrtosEN PEOPbB OF GoD, WHOSE BRBAST3 HE HAS MADE HI9 PECULIAR DEtOSITE FOR SUBSTANTIAL AND GENUINE VIRTUE.'* — Jeffcrsoit. VOLUME Vlh CONCORD, N. H., JULY SI, 1845. NUMBER t /. irr^fTH ^''^■■"' ^•'»^~ in« . -w-wu-n-j j»-: THE FARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR, I'l'r.i-isrtF.li Rv ISAAC HILL, &: vSONS, ISSUED ON TIIK LAST UAV OF EVKRV MO.Nl'rt, At Athciilmi Buildins* {t^-OEscBAi. AoKNTs.— B. C.iuK, Kei'nn, N H> ; Thomas It. rl^>ll■^o^, W'ashingtnn City, D. C. ; Jons llAnsH, \V;is(i- iMRloM St. linsl-.iN, M;i.-i!--. ; C'HiKLEs VV'ABntN, Bunley ltO«i WorCL'stLT. Mass. TERMS To single subscriber.*, Fiftij Cents. Ten per cent, uill 1) ■ ;illnn-eil to the )>ers(in who shall send more ihun one siihscnl)rT. Twelve eopies will be sent for the ailvance pii) menl of Five DulLars; twenty-live copies for Ten DulUirs; sixty copies for Twenty Dollar.-.. The paylMelll in every caseto be tiiaile in advaiicp. ^^y-Muvrij and sultscrifitims, by* n^l of onr current volume, iinri we are glad to find onr remarks no less strongly than jocosely seconded by the high authority of Black- wood's iMaga/ine : "Yon won't pity us Scotch oaimiNil-eaters any more, Mr. Cockney, we guess. Experience and science are both on our side. What makes your race-horses the best in the world, may he expected to make \onr peastmtry the best. We otleryoii a fair Int. Von shall takt; ten English ploughmen, and feed them upon 2 1-2 poiiuils (d" vvheaten flour a day, and we shall take as many Scotch ploughmen, and li :ed lli/in upon the same weight of oatmeal a day — (if they can e;it so much and that is douhtful) — and we will hack our men against yours for any sum you like. They shall walk, run, work — or fight yoii, if yon like it, they shall thrash you to your heart's content. We should like to convince you that Scolidi porridge has some real sol'ul metal in it. We back the oatcake and the porridge against all the wheaten messes in the worhl. We defy voiir home-made bread, your baker's bread, your fancy bread, your rolls, muflins, crumpets, and coiikies — your bricks, biscuits and rusks — your Bath-buns and your Sally Lnns— your tea-cakes, and safTron-cakes, and slim-cakes, and plank- cakes, and pan-cakes, and soda-cakes, and cur- rant-cakes, and sponge-cakes, and seed-cakes, and oii(|t. and justtdiove the coronet. It is more fretpient in the hind loot than in the fore, because there is more violent exertion in tliese than hefore ; yet th<; himeness is not so great, heciiuse these bones are not liable to so much injury ; in its early stage it is not im- possible to remove the disease by a<'li\e blister- ing, or by the hot iron. Ring-bone is one of the most serious lamenesses, wiili which horses can be .-ifllicted. It is unsoundness when existing in the slightest degree— for when the bony deposit begins lo spread, the disease is inctirable. In slight ctises rubbing the swelling night and morn- ing with a drachm of mercurial oiiiiment, rub- bing it well ill, and after applying a blister, and it* 2 or 3 weeks another will be of benefit. Pulverization. Of all agricultural reforiners, tlie once cele- brated .lethro Tnll, the first to suggest anil invent important iiiipro\eiiients in farming machinery, and author of the drill system of husbandry, Je-. serves in my judgment lo stand at the heail of the list. True, he carried his theory in, favor of, extreme pulverization to the extravagant length, of maintaining that it might even, lit; niaile to sur persede manure ; still his leijejing principle of perfect pulverization is !,co much overlooked ill, common practice. No firmer need expect a good, return whose lantl m horse or hand hoed crops. is not kept clea,ij, qjid infinitely pulverized. This, is the reasojpi vxhy nothing is. more destructive, at, least foj; that year, than ptonghiu!; wet land It, bakes and. liefiomes imperviahle alike to moisture Hiul la t!ie ropts of plants. There is no sign of] mismanagement whiqh should he nioie signally^ condemned atyl sli,gniatisein;.' s'liMlts oi- a tongue, as hoises or oxen me to he eni|iloy- ed ; the hiltor the helter. Tlie adviiiiliijie of usiii'ja hiifje tiee is tliiit the log nuiy slide sniooth- Iv over the siirfaee, without ,dis|ilinin!.' iind car- rying I he earth along hefore it. 'I'he inventor of this triilv valnahle iiii|ileinent (honor to "hoin honor is'diie) is Tlioimis 15. (Jray, a most intelli- gent and industrious fanner in Virginia. — Skin- ner's Address. The Shoe Busieiss i.v Natick— A corres- ))ondent of the Lowell Conrier, writing from N'a- tick, IV1.S., gives the following account of the shoe inannfiictiiring in that |i|easiint low n, this hiisi- iicss lieiiig largely carried on hy the iiiliahiiants : "From the 1st of April, If'-lJ, to the Isi of April, !S45, tliere were iiiannfarliired in this town'(ii4,'.^00 pairs of sliees and l!l,150 pairs of boots, valued in all at ahoni 84-:;0,0()0. The mmi- her ol' males einployed, .'i.'iT ; iininher of females, 425; niaUing in all' 100-> persons— all of tlieni, however, do not reside here. The amonnt paid lor labor, thonirh not .-.seertained hy the assessors, cannot be less' than !o- iiig ? No,' said he, "I am going to stop and shoot the rascals.' I'roposilions were made by some persmis to destroy Thoila's and the river I'.irker liridi.'es, while many acted a more raiioiial part, and resolniely refused to move a step or credit the wlioh? of the flying stories without more evi- dence. How, or by whom, or with what inoiives Ihe report was fust started, no one can tell. It Ia.>led ill Newbury and Newburyport, but one I ni::lit, and in the moitiing all w ho hail been In- furneil that the rnmoi was willionl fomidation, '■ Kellinieil safe home. ri;^lit ^l:ul to (.u\e Tlicir pitiprrlv rnini pillage ) And all ai;rct-[1 In bl.ime tlie man Willi tiri^l ahinncd Itle village." The follow iiig staleine.iit shows tlie iitipnrtunuc of scienlilic knowleilire in direcling the opera- tions of husband I J — also the prolils of well-limed expeiiments imdi'r its auspices. The ariicdu is from the Southern Cultivator: ".\l a meeting of the Farmer's Club, Mr. iMeigs slated that Mr. Pell, of Ulster county, made a staleineiit at the Ueposilory rilaliviMo bis experi- menl.'d fanning, from wliicli it appeared that be found benefii from the use of oyster shell lime, iisiii;; ;!()() bushels to the acre. That in addition he had employed '^."1 busliels of charcoal per Hcre. Thai on Ibis charcoiil dressing ho obtained I last sunnner scwn/^y-eig-/!/ Imshets, and Iwenttj /on'' ijutiiis of uliciil per acre. That he had 20,0U0 ap- I pie trees in full liraring. That in dry weather be I had applieil lime freely at the roots — found that I this presi-rved Ibe verdure and growth, when jibe nei.diiioi'hood was iniich injured hy dronf;lit. I That he bad cut wheat two or three weeks .somi- I er than his nei;;libors; and when the root of the j straw began lo turn brown, and when, by liie I pressure of the tin;;er and tbiiuib on llie grain, the milk woiilil fly out. Thai bis wheat weighed fi4 fHiimds per bushel, 'i'liat be sold il for seed at sL when ordiii.iiy wheal was 87.i cis. That he cut clover and housed it ini the same day — sprinkling Hboiit a bushel of salt overe\eiy loail. That this retained its };reeii color, and "as pre- ferred by cattle to that Siived the old way. That in: dipped a spoiigi! in ammonia, and apjdied it tu the «orin nests on his trees and b:ini>lie(l tlieiii complelely. That he lias sent 4000 ban els of apples lo market, iiiaiiy of which go to L'ttidon, and lliere sell I'or .•*!) per barrel. Tbiil be em- ployed a man from \'eriiiont 10 engr.ili 10,000 ap- ple trees, fm' .Jl.iO : that ibis iiian hron^ibt a com- pany of men of whoin two sawed oil' the proper limbs, two made the proper incisions (two of them) in ibe branch, two more inserted tlie;;rafts two more applied a compost of w.ix, tallow and ro-in. That out of the 10,000 grafts not one fail- ed." Since Ihe fiireeoing was in type, we found the following in ihe Alhany Ciillivalor: " ExPKniMENT WITH ChAUCOAL. "Messrs. Editors: — I inentioneil 10 you last sprint', thai I had sown 5"2 bushels of charcoal dust to the acre, on wheat, and would give yon the result of the expeiiinent. In order that my promise might be liiKilled, I selected a corner of a '2.5 acre lield of w heat, coiitaining by survey two rods. The grain was harvested while in ihe milk, on the 17tli July: tlirashed, cleaned, and measured on llie '21st, yielding 31 quarts and I pint, or 78 bushels and "24 ipiarls lo the acre. .As the above fict may appear incredible to many wheal growers, I eiicluse ihe survey, and certifi- cates of twii of my men, who measured it. "I have grown ciillings of the Caineba japoii- ica, soft wooded geraniums, cactus, war plants, &c., in pure charcoal dust, without any adiiiix- ture of earth : likewise corn, beet, carrot, and oili- er seeds, and believe it to be the most valuable substance now known as a manure, being pir.e, incorruptible and Listing. " ^'oiirs respectfully, Robert L. Pei,'™ Pelhain, Ulster co., Nov. 20, 1843." Set oi'T Trees. — Ueailer, do yon own real es- tate situated in our village? If so, let us entreat yon to beautify yout property, and thereby the village, by setlini; out shade trees of seme kind, ill front. Nothing lends more lo render our streets lieaiililid, and in summer pliasanl and comfortable, than to have them lined with shade trees. .\iid we arc! happy lo notice that oureili- •zeiis generally are paying more altention lo Ibis matter than formerly . ('t-rrcspondence of the Alb.'uiy ('ulttvator. Pro/'. Johii.ttoit's Lectures — S'olch Fiirmins — Creiit Crofts of ll'heal, Oats and Turni/is — Stiljifturic .'Irid, llitiiis, Sfc. Labmiiloiy of .\g. Clieiii. Association, ) Edin"biirgh,".\pril 2.5lh, 1845. ^ L. Tucker, Esi|. — .\s I promisi'd in my last n report of the second moiillily mi eliiig of ihe .As- socialioii, I was happy to Iind iliat the subjects loiiched upon wirre such as are likely to he pro- fitable to larmers in our own coimlry. The meeting look place on the !)th of .April, and was alteiided by u large iimnber of geiilleiiieii liom various parts of tin' cotiniry. Alier the usual preliininaiy business. Prof Johiisloii made some reniaik.s, suggested by 11 visit he had lately made to the lariii (d .Mr. .Ailch- ison, of Diuininore, near Miisselbiir;;li, uhout ten miles .""iiih of this city. The liuni consists of at least 800 acres, iiiid lie.« upon the coal iiieas- lires, llie soil produced hy the dec■otnpo^i^loll of which is generally considered vi ry poor. In iliis inslance however, art has oveicome nature. — Nearly ihe whole liinii is now drniiied, anil sub- soiled lo Ihe depth of 14 to 15 inches, .'daiiiirc is ndded judiciously lint nmst liberally, mid the r,o|.s are re.nmUal.le. The c.lt.vaiion of tins liuVii Uns n so .■Hliiiirnblo in lliu haiuU ol Mr. AiicliisoMV prtMlen-ssurs lliat it has ahvajs yif l.l- e,l hM-e r.roMS. The rer(,re se.'ii 'he pro.lnee o eaeh fiehl, the time of sow in;:, of liaryesiin^', and finally the market at wlii.-h eaeh sample ol aralli was M.M, with its priee, anil the ayora^e prn-e ol eai-h year. . ,,,, One six aere held pnahn-ed an average .4 M tons of white ^dohe tnrnips, per Se.,ieh aere ev- ery load hein- aelnally weighed. In IS-»; "•' aeres avera^'ed 31 Ions of je'l"^^ Swedes. he Seoleh aere is one-fifth more than (he hiii-disli in.perial aere. Knt the sa.r.e laml l.r..dn.'e.l ecin.illy !.'oo(l erops twiHitV years af!0. I he wheat crop oV mo ayerai;ed, over l.'.O aeres, 51 hnsh- els. In \ff-V2, 140 aeres of outs avera-ed 8.)4 linshels to the aere. On land cnltivated as this has lonjr been, saul Pn.f. Johnston, all we e.an do is to Uee|. i.p M-'* lerlilitv ; even modern .s.-iene,. ean seaieely hope to inerease the erops; l.nt one ihmu it may do, it may raise them mote ceonomieally and unn ■rreatcr certainly. . " \fter this iu>liee of Mr. Aiiehison s farm, a va- riety of sid)Slanees lately sent m the L d.oratory for exaininaiion, were meidloned. Anjona iliem were a tnimber of lime-.«t.mes from ddl.rmt parts of the ronntry ; -some of these uere lonnd very pure and remarkal.ly well filled I n- airncid- tnral pnrposes; others wonid make admnal.le ee- mem-' Theecm.omi.-al v:dne nl Mene n-on.-tones w.is also n.iii-e,l. The sproius broken off (In- rin- the n.ahin- of barley, on analysis liave been foimd to he well adapted ll.r maimre, and to especially ahomid in phosphates. Lar;;e qiianli- ties are obtained in the extensive breweries, and in some instances they have been advantageously used as lood for pijrs. „ ,. t , ■J-he remainder of ihe ivmarUs by Proh.Tohns- toii were J supply Us pl.ace, ami boi^es will then stand forth more prom- inently, lie recmnmeiided the trid wilh prelim- inary "ex lerina-nis with them iniincdiately, so that they might not in any way expose themselves to loss when compelled to find a snbstitnlc lor guano. Alier a few words n|ion some samples ol gua- no, the meeling came to a close. Prof. Johii>ton will be at Dmham dining the ninnlhs of May ami Jnne I conseipiently there will not be an- other meeting miiil July. 1 am yours very truly, John P. Norton. of siipi'lyini; tlie increasing demaml, bill as the most prohlahle biaiieh of ciillme when jndi- cion.-ly conducted, that can be engaged in. \ ii-w days since, an article in ihe Boston Transcript s|ioke, in terms of complaint, of the lii.rj, price demanded for cherries, strawberries, ,md frnils generally, in the markets ol that city, ,md seemed to impute it to Ilie grasping and oyeireachin- dispoMlion of those engageil in the irartic in llio.-e •■nticles. We have had occasion, also, to iiolice the good prices which similar frnils bring in onr own market. VVe have noi, however, been inclineil lo altrihnte any blame, iHi that ai-coiinl, to llie ileidns in them. We know that ihey pay liherally liir what they buy, and tliat iliey are nnalile to supply tfie demand, even at Iheir prices. Of tl.is we have been re- minded, by llie repeated applicalions we have had Irinn lliem, lo sell a portion id'tlie limited supply, wliicli we are enabled to gai her from our own restricieil pren.ises. The whole cause of the difiicultx is, tliat tlie demaml is greater than Ihe supply ;' and, so lonir as that conliiines to he the c.i,-e, pi h'. s will nece.-sarily he liigli. And, we believe it will l)e ifie cas.; for a foiig time yet lo (;,M,d frnil is one of the articles for which the de and ah\a\s increases, in proportion to the tin-ililies with w liich il can he oblained ; so that an increase of the cnltme brings wilh it a crease iiisle:id of a dimimilion of tia- demand. Families whicli, when siloaled so ihal ihey cannot coiive- nientlv olilain ii. lliiiik liule of .1, when ibey come to be 'where it can readily bt^ had, will not do wiliioiit it, and, whenever Ihe supply is short, will pay llie price it commands, rather than be depri- ved of it. There is more than tenfold the qnaii- lily bronsbt into our market now, ihat Ibere was len years" since, and yet, those who have it, hnd a iniicli readier sale than lliey did then, and al belter prices too. . Why, then, slHai!a not the cnltnrp ot gooil trnit be moVe exlensively en^jaaed in? The demand is one whicli may l>e permanently relied on, and the profits are ceVlainly siicli as to commend it to favorable .•onsideratioii. There are many instaii- i CCS wfiere tlie net annual income (d' a single eberiy tree, is greater than tha' of aliacreof cnl- livaled oro I, taking the average of the whole (•(nintv. We shall lake occasion ill another article, to speak of some of the een dug in_ wliere the crops were grown ; the cnttings of cm rant and cooseherry bushes have been chop- peil lip and dug in lietween the hushes; and straw hen y clearings have been used between ihe rows of plants, as the only dressing they had. Wfiiie these matters rolled slowly, they kept the iiromid o|)en, and as ihey decomposed ihey en- riched it. The tiiipst piece of siravvberries we ever saw, was in a celebrated markel--ardener's ground at Deplliiid, where the Irimmings wen^ always dug in. We have iimpieslionable evidence lliat in some places on the coniinenl, where vines are cnbivateil, llie leaves and clippings are candidly forked in about the roots as a dressing for the next year. We" do not mean to infer that this dressing is sufficient in all cases, because tla; bulk whicli yoes away in the crop lias always bad something from the soil; lliongb we diMiy that it has taken anylhiiiL' near the qicnitiiy of matter found in it, bel-aose we have nieniion"ed, and have proved by experiment, that miicli of the ct.nlents of any crop, no mailer what, is taken from the waler anil Ihe atmosphere. But let ns mention one jipplicalion which has never faileil ns— the leaves of trees laid on pink beds, pansy licds, and au- liiiim planted rammcnlnsses, and oilier subjects whiidi are the better for protection, will almost always nit by spring, and if then finked into the ..roniidcaref'iilly without damaging the roots, will be found an excellent dres.sing; protecling all winter, and nourishing as they lot. And it is well known that where leaves are allowed lo rot into mould, there is not a more efficacious dressing.— LojjrfoJi HoHicullural Magazine. Culture of Fruit. We are almost daily reminded of the ncccssi- tv of a more gener.d anil extensive culture of good fruit in New England, not only as a means Refuse of the Garden. One of the most important things lo be attend-^ ed lo in a garden, is that -. 188 .7-2 74 S. W. 9 — 0 cttar. T. 3;54 .77 67 — 0 — 0 tiazy. 9a .73 80 .«. W. 1 S. W. 4 cumuli. vv. 4ii;o .72 7-2 — 0 W. 9'rirro-stratus. 'ss .70 83|iN. VV. 1' _ 2, tumuli. T. 5 01 .58 72 — 0 VV. 9 cirro-stratus. 83 .49'81 W. 4 W. 4 rirro and cumu 0 stiatiis. F. G 53 .70 64 — 0 W.IO cirro-stratus. 67 .69 70 W. 3 S. T 45 .74 60 _ 0 — 0 cli-ar. 74 .73 71 S. W. 1 — 2'cirrn9. Is. 8 :,7 .70 65 — 0 - 10 cirro-stratus. 88 .59 79S. W. Ii — 0 smoky. M. 9 74 .51178 — 0 _ 0 smoky. 90 ..54 86 X.V.1V.4 .■<.N.w.4 cirnis. T. 10 60 .66 71 — u — o|haz.v. S8 .69 84 N. VV. 3 — Oisiiuiky. W.ll 11:1 .51|74 _ 0 — 10 very light rain- -sliowery. 74 .50,76 N. 2 \. VV'. 5|Cirro-siraIus. T. 12 52 .60,65 — 0 — oirtenst; fog. 76 .50,75 s. a — 0 clt-ar. r. 13 6(1 .36 69 — 0 — 0 80 .38177 .s. 2 — 0 S. 14 55 .52 66 — 0 — 10 stratus. .47 1(8 — 0 — 5 stratus. S. 15 50 .76 63 _ 0' — o'rlear. CO .82'70 N. VV. 3 N. W. alcirro stratus. M. 161.57 .Ii4'65l S. 1 S. VV. 7 cirro-stratus. 81 .1)0 77 VV. 3 VV. 5 cirro stratus. T. 17 56 ..52 69 N. VV. 1 i\. VV. 8 stratus— rained in niplil. 65 .59 68 N. VV. :i N. VV. 4 cirru stratus. \V.18 ,i5 .81 60 N. \V. 3 _ 0 clear — rained ii nisht. 70 .84 72] ».>.«-. 3 N. VV. 3 rirro anil cirro s tratus. T. 19 5,1 .83 63, _ oiN'.W. 10 cirrci str.itU3. 78 .83 76 N. \V.-3 N. W. 5 niiniili. F. <>0 44 .85|64i — 0. — 0 f"J!UV. 79 .77|73[ tJ. ■: i>. VV. 1 cirro-slmliis. S. 31 61 ..50|70[ _ 0 VV. 10 nrrti-slrntus. 73 .42i72i.N. W. 3 -N. VV. 5 cnniilli'StratUP. t=. 2-3 '5-2 .6I|63| — 0 — 0 f..ci:y. 70 .60 69 N. W. 3 N. VV. I'cirru t^traliis. M.23 51 .48 63 _ 0 VV. 6lrirro cuniiiliis. 7H .41 73 S. 1 .\. VV. 6 fiimulo-^Ir.llus. ■r. 24 57 .41 67 \. VV. 1 — 5 lirnis. 72 .40 76 .\. VV. 3 N.W. 10 rain. \V.S5 54 .44 69 N. VV. 3 — 4 I'irnt-strntns. 66 ..50 68 .\. VV. 3 N. VV. llrirriJ-slratus. •I'. "Ill 4-3 ..57 60 — 0 N. VV, 5|rirriis, fiicpy. 17.1 .,55 70 .N. VV. a .\. VV. 4 cirro-striitiis. 1' '*7 ^7 ..53 6-J - 0 N. W. S cirro strains. ■ ' flB .54 70 .\. VV. 4 N.W. 1 rtiiiiuli-slratutt. S. ■Jf 4-3 ,.'k5 1« — II _ 0 fogey. i79 .49 '58 S. VV. 1 VV. 9 i-iiro-slralus. S. ■39 .')(! .47 I'l' — 0 S. K. 9 cirro-stratus. 'Ii;) ..55 6T S. K. 4 S. K. 4 cIrro and ciiiniil o-strntus. Sl.;lll 49 .67 .59 N.N.W.a v.. 9 cirro strulus. 56 .(iOliS K. 3 E 10 cumiilo-stratus. An "Old Suit." Last October at Worcester, we sat and listened to a very good discourse on .\gricnliiire from our friend Capl. Sleeper, editor id' the Hoston Kve- ning Joinniil. In the cap'icily of a news caterer and poliiiii.in, the Captain has advanced from u small Weekly in a New llampshirc village to a respectable Daily in the commercial emporium of New EiM'liinil w " ' ~- ""e .l.-n-,iMd„d !'), :>'''^''''''' '•""'•' Kiv.,. only '■".? -I.e sly ,-0 V ; "f " 'T^' '•" '""■ '"=»'- f <-i'y.".-.n!::;';;:; :;,::-; ;'-'jr''-'™''' '''^.•i|)|,oiMlf.,| ii, ,|,,. ,...,,,'^ .''•*■ "'-' ""■•Allien -'--.I,. ,,,u,ja;:' ;>,:--'■'''''''' '■••■'-'■ '"■"'""■'■ "'■ I'olili,.s , M V' " .'■' ""' '" ^S- ''"-Me: l.n i.s l.v ' 1 ,c il'"-' ^ ''""'" i« '"ost ::, \^ho can imii,j^;™Vir;;'r'' ;'"'''"'''" ')i«iiMtnP.s, and eve i, f ^f """■*^^- om all ,|,e t."l't.M„ oai, a.lu.i, no' .iv „? , '"' ''"''T "'"^ -ercial AW.er.iser, ' n^, '0?-^," ,^'''''' Co..,'- '""k 'o ,„„„„t i,i, ,u' o ; f ';'^''' '""■'>■ "'"'^'•- ^ "'•!<. Tl,e "01,1 s a'. „''"'■'' ""''^^ "'" of New 'n .Mrcee.l in .steeri,L cIh- , •' ""^ "'" ^"^l" "es-an.l every li.le ^. °' "?'' "^''"'di- siicl, a one, will l.ea,- i„,p,, ■"■"''",'''' ''^""ed by ""■ |Mo,ln,-;,on or •' J" ,! ' r"''-'"=« "'"' i' i« i-"'t,f„i packet «i,i„ y V : :;' ' ^ '"-"^ '""' give n lively and "n, W,l^ iJ. ■ »"e"i|'ted to v^MTa,„u.ln.,nd e.,d X '"' '" (""'''"'i-'g a "■:^,!-";..^H.evL;"!;;t,;^'; ';;,:^:^'■'--e,• '•'ear fonvar.l ,u-T n ,1 , ,'' ''"'■ '^•"^'^ ""^ l,e, ''-•, wei.ketha, ,;r:,,; '';;:, •■'-'7 j.b.,,e «liore, and especially i, Bro .'lu • "'"'""''''' "" ii'jr •■. gale, li,r the lun-Mo'e ..f k"' '° "/'" 'J'"" "'■•"■'"'• 'I'e wind. O con.n '''""^ •'' ^'■''''' ''^ "'"i'-"'v oI'lLe 'nn ^ , *•'"''"?'■>' ■•'''*'""ll>.s li.- ;7!-''"P-'.II-h'; :;^^'^::'?'''eefin, the 'tlilMSs' were ever k o ', ' 'V ■'^'■•' "^ '''s"cl' "o. "■■• Con„nerci.j_l°r, "'! ^ "l-Loard. No, "-I'^opri.dMiyan; ,cV;i:"' '•':'' "■'-'•'^.v-' '-luffor'ir;!::,!-'"'-'-'^'' '-'<<-. I,e be. '•''''"-gafouVi^'^:;;';''-'-' '>y nnwittin,", apolo^^y : ""= Uptaui, n, the (bllowi^iil. •"•'irX^rntiiirU^^^^-''-.^ M,on; °' l"-s i^'mM■ance, rnnnil ,^ T' '""'^^ ''i-P'.-'V I'lg for knowled.:e o ,^, ''""'"'^ "*'«« l'"^-- 'g"oran,,s„)|? Goto I ! '""" "'"' •■"■« ".ore 7'Pl.a.ic declarati::.,; XT, "A',':,' "'V'-V "'<• -OS, shadow oCclain, to an inch of o"""^ ''•"•' '"" •■' (''« vvho don't know whet J^^ q^:"'''''''. '';°'" P^o- <^'- -^outh America ' A,-e e n "°" '^' '" '^°''l' "".['y 'linr saltpetre „i| , "■?! ''"""'''' I'^'Pe"- -'11 "°^"^plode, .ye ,|. ,,',"''. ''""' -^""l'' "'• knotl.est rpiestions of Hn', , •'^'''^ 'W Hie "ot tali ship once in iwhih . '^'"' ■''''='" >ve ;^e ;liffere,(ce --etwUn ::";;':,"<■' •"">- no, Marry come np ! A nrettv ,,„ '"' e'J'"-'- "Hf - '-*«e,t when ^uZ^lZH:^'''''''''' J^'' '•''"'d be -.-.sonaldy ;,i'.'e ' T'" "^ Kood as •|''.i, we (onnd th'e whe-n ' "^,«"'!f ""o Can- ""■■ '--len,en fro,: Winter ""''^^'^'-^ •■iccoiini. We also «•,,„ „ ""P""i-gave the same '" '"'i" 'be --'Vopl , ;,i ,1^^; '•;'■" S';"e^. Uve, '''^''''''''''''''i'.ois: tney^:r''''''''''•"'•'^'''■''' ;"■'•ounts fro.n PennsvlJ-n i ^"'"•|'=">>ed. 'J'|,e '" Virginia the cro iVV 'l '" "'"' '"v-"-able.- •MiV^'' "-o.e than^n av'e,. ;;.'!. '"'^'•''^"^-'""' "^ Ma- "■•V ;^ one of tie I ', J "^ |7/^,^ ' '^^':W' of Ihe conn- 'P'^-'ity, that ever ws ,'"'"">'- 1'"^' best in oogbt to he thankfnfnf '■''''• ^"^ 'bis all ''•■■•'Pl-''y'br-^op "al rr'"'''^^'','''---vib '■'",e- "« Il,ey will hi wd ,„: ;T"" T'^'b «' "..y J" '-egard to other cio s^w, ' '•' '^''• "« passed ,hron.rh HI- ,i'.C '^''^ '''' """f. (a-.d ^•1", as well as NevvW ''"""" "'"' ^onnecii- """ 'be gras.s crop wil );',', "''''^' ''" ''^^'"arke.i, :""' 'be san.e with oV|l ''?/""^""""°nly light ;-' '"'be Northern •,n,l P .'■'■^ ''"''"'•>■« is ffrown ^o.k,nndof"::,;^^,,^--'-'ionsofXew P<^a.-ed equal .0 son,e wdc^ w,' T' .T"" "p- eontparatively poor soil Z'r " "'"' °" "'e <^^"n., three wUks ,° o wn"""'""^'"- ^'"'ia" vvard and onpron i n"'- h nMr'*'-' '^'"^''^ '^ack- S'nt^e, has hron.ht i, 7;' ,v ■'?''"' ''^'^alher 'apidity, and Ihe^e s ,iow '^ '""' astonishing age crop. Much P'-ospect of an aver" Korthe,-, i.nrt of N* y r"r*"\ ''^I'^nds in the '"■^^geuerally look .v, 'Zr' ''T"' ''°'a- some places the disease oM? """i"' "''•"'" "'■"le "'^P'ochas.:dU^'™,;^''";'V,'is 4 (i/ f: ~^'- (e.,ual ,0 ahotu ,ne dol|.u^^'"'f'^"''' ^"lue '"'". ""■«« years. One o, n o '* T'''*"'' 'a-^'ed '", '^"f 'loarts of water fi^;' "•""' *""« hoiled wb.ch was :;iyen , , , , '" "'mtues, to a jelly '"« ealves throve ,nn ch het'te, '"' ,"''"'^^- "'at "e'gbho,-s, wln..h were Vd vllr '"" •,""'''^ "'' ''i^^ ^ee.ns that les,. than ,'",/""' """'• ''^'"'s it fl^^-eed, with a . ^.'o fh ?i" ''T'^ "<""' "f ;••'''• Linseed oil ,^keJ v?h f ""*;''"^"' "^'- °"« ■^-led, a::/";!^, /;:-,- -Jves it ill., ,, '"'-Per,-.,u,e of ,ha first li , ' '\ """'^^ "^ 'be '"^"ei- boiled th „ , *' '"' ''y '•'« "^ow. /t i, '''•'^'^ginito'cr^nt^r"''''''^- ""•'- l""-go. Jf this is the tZ "'"""' ""^ <■•""■ to spoordldsoCnmnetimoilu.' n" '"'^' "'" ""•<=« .'be loosene.,.. Jf he c- • -'"f ' "'"^ " *^'" «'«P '« said to he a "ood mrl r", '"""'J' l'"'!^' broth '•">k-~Comp!etfFannl """-" '" '"" ""» 'he RiRE Fi-ovFEiis.-lThirTrri g.eenhouse attache,! to the I'l " oIL'"' •^'••" "^^ "g'o.i, contains a variety 'r7 "^"^ a' VVash- ".o". These a, / u, der 0^.' "^ e.vplorino expedi- '■'dge, >vho went on vvitl, A = °' '^''•- «'ecken- a/'i^t and florist. An 2 h""""" Wdkesasbot- "« <-eleh,a,e,l pitche ,,1. '""r 7"""^'-ated a,-e ".« "igbt bloo,;,in. ee,'e ,^'" ?/. "'? ""Pi^-^- and o' 'be latte,- flowe,^ , '^^ted ,", '"T^' "'' ""^ aiul width over the „l,J! " '"''^'^e inches, Tbis plant, the re, « t J u/'"^' "'"'V'^'^''" '"='>-« "a';ve of South A ,, wf f,"'"'? ?.'^ ^°'any, is a a'Hl i-,ch cont,-as, ol^ohle.J.'''^ ','"•■''■•" °'''''^'''-. ;« '".sut-passed in tl/e d" iT r- nl "'/"' '"^'a'« it '--ever as evanescent ;;s''!hJ'ho:V."'^ '"°°"^ '^ -^^b-;;r:si-,':^ord.e P , , Calves. ''.-!::nS:;f;;r:i,j':-'£,,id be taken n.o,n !^l">"M be pertnitte Ho M cl o,,r, ''"'''"^- '^'^-V "'g 'be first week, ,h,ee u rh?^^ ^ , '° "^'"^ ''"'■- «l'o"bl bave the whole of I e^ . '«,^'''-«'"l> and [■^>'"b ueek, a, .he end of I , ■ ""-" "''''' "nd '"-' fi' to kill. TIete on, ',"•■'' ".""^ ""^y "ill ^''-1.1 be p.-evii;r::n;;::,""--''">''-„cked 'l-OMrrnn waiMhe'': '" '-^r''' -■'- P-'ni' "- '^-t sea o "^"nrfilV'""""'? all thl ,nilk *vrtboutiakin.ranv,' ,.r ,"""'" '"''^ 'ai^ed -'■ 'onr .lays. S",ey s ^ M V '' ""' ''''^'- ''''•'^^ ''•''^'-■abo,,t twelve wee "n '"'"■'^ °'- '«^^ " "b skiuuned nnik o, wa e!-' r !"^>' ^'^ '""I '"'•'"i.-l"; or bay tea ,ny t .'" 'l""' "" '^'•^' '•'-'I and wate-^ Vf e "a 1 ,''l'"''' "'"' "'^^i'' '''•a"l< "'ilk for the , ace of? ''"? ''"^'>'^'' '^•- '"''^■- «'■ their mill' m' V" "'"""V 'ake some ''■-'^^b a,Hl «vvee, ha -,1 on t "•''''' "'"' "'^i'' " i'"° -"left sti.-k , i ; /: ' , .?,?:^ ^";a" 'ocks of t-an easily have access ol'J'T "'"' the calf learn to eat Ur,y ° "'^'"' a^'l be will soon '"K::dj;i:^::^;;;'-'t!'"''<^'^"--dor ;'ay- But whelbri y'a" frd"V'"^'^•''"-a ''-..helmervaM.,wL^l .^,- A Maryland Farm. Jwenty-twomileVvveltof ri;:'c'^''V''^"''^'''''' He IS a wealthy geiulerL ' '"''"' eountv. l^-OHn ,0, ,,i, fi^e^stock ind "'"' '' ^-^'e'-sively ""/'.^'- c.dtivation, mu mt '^'V'""" J2C0 '^^l''"g laml, and ivel watere 1 ''"T"^'"I- i' is Pelap-sco running ,lno,,' , '^ '''""''^' °'' "'e a.«''--t ,nill, on ° the in f"''l'''f« ua,e, ,;,, '■ai>*edonthefa,.,n iV'."'' '';'e «" "'e g,-ai„ stock. The woodlanri i '"'' ""^ '■►'nily and •-'-Iter the n.a.i^ttV.mAtr ''.^ '"^•'"-' "o '""> Piesented a heauti/ | " '.'f '"'"'"-st winds, f^ape. The tiud.er w ' f"."' "*<^'«"^ed land^ f ""th of hickoiy an, ;1L^-* " "P-'-'tatieous 'a';-'- Mr. l'atte,so. L, e!;'"' '"■'"'^'''a"y the «bl timber ,0 burn li.ne and «l "' T"'' "'' 'he get r,d ofi, toadn.ii the i^ '^^ "'"» a view to '>venty years sin;eX / ndT'°" '''' "'*« 'a™ ""-.'/.poor, and ba-T^n'of e^, fr"''' '"'''^'' "<■'' -^v-lh sca-cely any buihirn, I ^'''"-•'^'" *''«'•*. ''asput,,pwa,dsof o,,eh ;^^^^^ ^'T. "i^" he sand bushels of lime V , "l"^ """'y 'hou- ""1 '-'i'l'ings of va,ious k ,K,>'!f' "'"' ^'-^cted a"vi'b .ij ^h::f; 80 l,usl,el. corn, »''V"lV„ i" ai.l-M.M,. „,• ,i,c ,ulj..m.nfr lan.l '^ " ;";;'^"^ ,„„• Imnen, ;"fr::;v;r;»,;i;::p.«'» «'" » a,Hl filling two eel ^^'' '' .^.f ,,1'^ ,1' \,re ...,« T e area er part are l.n.t aiul post »'"' '»''^- , ^"^s\;:!;;'sf:i!eretl,egrea.en.an of tl,e cattle a pray, ba^ a t^Uv one >e.. ^^^^^^^ tu nevon .-allle, an.l .een tl,e pn.Hs repreM t- 't ,e in. 1 ha.l „« We,, of .l,eir ,ean,v n ;;:;!:e^^iinrn,y':Mn,vor,U.,t,,el.,r,,a..,^^^ a^^;:;r^.sJ';n,:i:^M;;:in::::t..e.i:;;;- r;:^'.n,or^.e.n,er.n,,,.^ ^r;;;;:;::; i:iir.,eeo!:;e.i.e^-.rit^M.K.|. Hoie , anv v.3ars ? The I.eef, yo,. know, .s ee - fat an.l Icau, instea.l <.l laynij; U.e iatoi, ll.t >,ni ''" n'ere 1 al.-, saw npwar.ls nf sevenly Rerksl.ir n,° nv MM'kin- pil's, nitencle.! lor next year. I I :^;^:^: " H;rn,ui;io,i:ii.own.iw,n,,i,e,io..k. of r Kn..-l,,N.V.,a,MlCope,nr 'ennsylvauia Fe,y,l'n,:'is.lo,,ehereiM tl.e l.esl .nanm- , an I al II..' Mnek in of Uie hc.t, without ,e«ar.l - " ; 'he whole cstahhslm.enl .s «ell "-r ^ elnnlre.llhousaml.lollars. 1 have not -rion ""l nthe.h.serip.ion. Mr. 1 ,..ter«on n, > ^os the far.,. hi.„self-l.„s no «h,.e .nai. . L..e h.,lhi.„seli;n„.r.sap....ern,.MO.h..l.> a ' ■ -■ , ii„ >v.U liuve the hesllnrii.in MMi>lainl. ■„ Ml- Fro~t fet a .lozeii Mion.- n lie li.e, It. mi.Jio.i-i I. „,-,.,H ,v,„M he iiW.jiiKl ei,.r,i.lliepivenha,k.l.l^" ^,, , oiher ahi.ve the VM.n.al. II .\ ^;- :;:!;.' a:.ia:e,o„e,.in.eaeli other. U-eeisin a flnnri.-hmK i-na-i.on. Foreign IntelUseuce. Foreijin papeir< to Jnne ~ ' ;>; \ , Je„,|„i, ,er.i,. of the lavoiahhj "I'l'^^' '^^ ' "' i^';^^,_ wheat en.p. T'.e M^'-'-Laie Lx,, e . "We tnay ^»IVly ven .ire o ^ - - . ^^.,, .,, ri=:^;-:rr;^ ■}::;;:;;;;<,,;-, »l'l """ "' , ' '.u.i,.vtH.«len I '■-I' I T"""'°':, '" ']"' ' ■ '■" .'•"'...''■""If' '"r '"" i:;rs,s;;j;:.S'i;;r*:i;;:':;:;r^;:; neas,.., "'Ji;'-''. "" i " , j U.-^ than ! 00 .-auh', Hr5r':ir";:'q::"-'»i 1,; r...^tinin.hor.-.-.'eive.l.n<..ien.o,th staleil, in.' 1.11 U' ' I r|,i luiiiiher ^;t::;,:r;!:,n!'S-;-.>an..I,e.a,i.l,are....h.y ,;.v<..ahle for th.. f-'ra.n ^■'■"l'^' „,_^^ _TI,e half- ^"';V'«n;'M Lola^orti.ia .Heete.. oil the JJil "1 "''>■ ,•,,,,,,.,,. This soeietv IS rn:bv;:;;;;;:^.t:^v^n';rhi:hi:;^-^^ ::;.::,:;: ;:^:h,iantp,fwhi J. ty have. ^^ ;r^'^'f^^v'ofthe:h,wy;^:i7.h. AtJi-une I'l-.iinpal .l..> "','",.„,„, -.^.i lo the eoi.neil ,„..e.inf:, Mr. Chnan pi ^^f '' .'^f^^;^^X .,,,, ,„„,1. sey an.l Dr. Bneklan.l. VValesin ,;!5:v:::'3-i7 In le^ it wa« 3,8t>!^27 f,^-^::iM^;;ethe..;he.p.a„ti.ylu.sn,cre..^e.l ?'-T-'-;i:-r^ni:,:!::i,^l:-;^^^v ;';::;--;\ ■,:;:,::.. ^vi. I p,.a,,eeo,..^^ ,„„,, r.'i.iiizin^' '"!';;"•■;;'•,■ ,00,000/ .te.-: r''f''n,?r.' w.,sh.rin.-.l inrthe pnrpose ol l::l;:;:i;inpn....ia'-«--"'''.''-'"''''''''"*''''^ '•'•i;-:.o;n;ruLl..oK...;ert|^...ns.n. '''•r:''rn;:;":n 'wet ■:;;;'; ;n.^;i."t.. ^::,- i,.:^;;;,:; ^M,.n..t .ehh,,,, pr..n-. ,, aneces..ry:ppen..a,eofeve.yoraMe-';;';;;:^ iann of a .i,o,le.-ate size. T '"^^ •";""';[, „, ,,,,„ „■„,.. hfleiel.t sons of HM-tS, '^ "<■ . ^raio. ehaft; an.l hay. h. means '^/;"^ ',:,.,:,,. ;,M-a.ns,lor.he,,u.ir.shiia'n.ol.-t -.1 - 1„ ,,.. „,.„erally iil..k^.st.,o.l. >' '^ .,,„,,„ |v Ui,.,wi, . hat iiiai^v sorts., roots.... ';_ ,l,e potato, hecoii.e nn.'h """' . ' ""a„,1 -it is ,,,,,.!„■„,„ ,|,ii. sort ..I pr.'..a,al..n,. ;^' , , '•''^■''r*'''^'^.;:;'r-r;;::''a':x;iu-'.^- l,;,v.. heen eii.ph>..l -^ ' „,i,ii., in .h-^ J:,•a•,l,,^^illl e„t ehafl '' '^"'^ ^'.'„7,i,„aU. To |,,.dii,J. of horses as «.ll a^ "' '^' ,,. „, ^,eM afanner «ho keeps h.,.'>sn!.|^.;,.,,,,^„^ swine or poultry, '*';■■;'•;.„ „„U,.lva,.tai:e, ' 1 f.....l in ste .s s.. J-"^'^''',,'' "' ., ,^,.„|,,, atte..tion. ,|,a, i, .leserv.'S the inoM 1'" '^„ ,,„,, Loth •n,o,i.hp..tai...'shave,.ttenl.'.t^^n.-.M' ., , to ■s.s '-'••'-''■''V;':" 'l'V">- ,„.e,ei'.,hle " I'"". *■':' M? 1, •,' ni n" Ve nn.H.ive, ,i,e,e!.y re.i.ler.'.l innel .hi. • " ' ' j,,,, ,,,,« „„,„.-,.er than" hen ''"'';'' "VeNCrn.ents ..f Ihe.n lonu since .-how- ^ "'j^, ^^(.f ,„ asce.- Wak.'Hehl. of Liv^rpool, "''"'. "''"^,^,„„,,l „„.! tain it, h-l sn.ne ol his '"^^;, °^„t J" e h^c •.nhn.,.-an.n.brise r:^h\h:,!:^::Jj.n,., hence as.en.1.^^ a.-.icles,ohe.'..lle.l.n.heh.^.^ ■■ J'-'l,,^,,,^, „,„,,, op. Inlhn^ "'T'liri . sn.l pa., of I „ill he nea.ly as soon hoile.l •;■ t' ,, ,„,„|, \|,emc.,..l.ll.eifpl»ce,l,n.1.eUc.N -.^,,,, As the ketth' IS ^"'-'"f '•;,,", ',,,, l,„i,o,i. steam from passii,..' ..ft hn. "' ' t'U .1 socl. » .,,',.eho.sh..,.l a PM- -. '-I,^;^ „,,,,, ,„y manner that with tl e a i.l "l • ' ,,.,,^,ar\. be poiin'.l into the lo't'l'-Y'.'' " ' '' ; * ,? ', .,,.pp.".l I After the water is po,.re.l ni, ''-;''",,>,,,;, with a i.kig tor that p,.rpo^e -Co»7^'f I ,|,„n -M or 25 sina ill sta.'ks of rain, an.l olh.-r -:::,: :!,;'hH.'.i..;i. small h,.u.. •■^'''■''^r:^:f';hei- -i"''"- -''-'^'- "'■,'''!"■■ i:::;;i::';i;sonehI"ail"ugl. .\s' VI. u were njl.ig by ! Or«ve'ri-d'.,e..h l..si....,"d;;v "■'> Th.il v'l •'*'"» 1"" ""'"''■ "j"^' Ti;;ren.l.erype„i,k.c.'.,>.h.'.r-ng», IVrchnnre. Ih,' l,„..ry Bi-'-n'''''^ - ^5" ■rill, nkiw ins scc.e survc)f. .\,hU.,VmI..'. ..l.l--"i: ••"""""■ ■ Ory.i.'lesili«'r«'"^"""»''"' The H:.rvp.lC;.veris their rr.cncl, .:^;"K.:iii:^;h:;;;;:i.^":'.-v"-""'^"'' Tlie lar.ner'* l.lc .....y be. tT..i.i ih"- Alh'.ay ^■."I'■"• The vicinity of •■■•'> -"I'Jr 'ay, :;'^ fHilri:;b;s^;;;.;:-"''S <2^l)c i-armcv'o IHouthhj biiutciv. 103 scientific aifrinultiirist. We gladly tjiiibracfid iiri iiiviiiiiion, a d ly or nvo since, In lido with liim oiil lo " Tliirf; Hills Kuiiii.'" It <'teii(ls back froin the rear; on iIk' ri^lit rise ahrnptly the three toweriii;; and curious conical hills, \\ hiidi •Xive the tiiriii its name; and on ihe lel't ^pread out the broad fii Ids of glass and jjraiii quite to (lie turnpike. A plance at the premises is eiioiijrh to convince the olisirver th.il IVir. Hemfm is ;i siiccrss'id ex- ] erimeiilal I'armer. Anil such he certainly is. He nndersla'ids the business of a^'riciiltnie iho- ron<.dily in .all its branches, lie lias made it his study ilmiinr his lei^nre horns liir many years, and the results are seen in an exiraorilinaiily [irodnetive and hii:lil_\ cnltivaled soil, ami a S)den- did 8t. inlljiiiied n< that he iiltiihiMi'd the stii-n<;lh id" Ihe crop to the opera- tion of fr?!/^n7ciVf is.'ics, "hiidi bad been thickly .spread over it. This is an inierestiiij.' evpeiiinent, and will prove a profitable one too, as tlie.se ashes have lieen considered vvoitldess relnse. We look much pleasure in inspectini; Mr. Re- me Ill's lai ireand iineipialleil slock of cattle. They are of Ihi! full Dmhaiiiand Knylish crossbreeds. The milch cows are splendid crcatnies, liearin^' as little reseinlilance lo the eoinmon dairy cows ;s and callle. and thus saves a deal of labor mid lime. The dull hours ni" a rainy day may Ihns be well emploved. i\Ir. It. lias rig^'ed aliiice pump by the side of his mill wheel. This is connected w iih pipes whieli Ic'id up to the Man- sion House, fiuiuery and oiit-!ite) in the usu.'il manner of leeding ill rjieks; lo wliiidi troughs, properly conslrneteil, aie lar pretiiable. Salt your clover and other Kiiccnieiil, as well as coarse bay. But over salt- ing diminishes the imlriment. iMore than a peek to a ton is superfluous. Half that ipiaiitily is oflen siitiicieni. Ten orfiftei'u pomiils is usually an ample allowance. Feeding your stock by weight and measure of tiiod will not only save your provender, by its orderly dislribuiion, but frequeutly save the lives of .-inimals, loo ofien starved by nigaardliiicss or neglect, or gorged and destroyed by profusion. Ii' it be triie, as it is, iliat the master's e_\e makes the horse fat, 'it is ef]nally so that the master's eye prevents the horse tiMin beiiii; pampered, wanton, pnrsive, bloateil, foundered, and finally wind broken and blind.' If hay is sailed by using salt in substance, it should be done at the lime it is deposited in the mow. It is often a good practice to sprinkle a solution of salt in water over bay or oilier fooil Irir cattle in the winter lime, especially if the fod- der be of an inferior qiialiij." A Man groivn by Guano and Electricity. The New Haven Courier tells the following capital story : ".\ citizen ol' this place while re- cently on a tour in the Slate of New York, was itiductd to make one of the audience of an itin- erant lecturer who was holding birth upon the efficacy of electricity as iipplird to vegelable pro- duciions. In the course of bis harangue, giiaiio was incidentally jillnded to as a powerful .igeul in quickening the growth of plants, and the ef- fects of both were displayed in such glowing lan- guage that the aiidilory soon imagined themselves slaiiding in the iiiidsl of a field and endeavoring to uieasme llie height of the grain beliire it »\as out of reach. The whole assembly were in a fine slate of enthusiasm, and swallowed down the wonders revealed to them with open months and slai ling eyes, when a plain looking oldfiunier arose, ami, with .apparently much diffidence, beg- ged leave to confirm the li'ctnrer's statements, by ihe relation ol'an incident which he had recently witnessed, and to which he was a party. ' I have,' said he, ' a very bad boy, named Toiii- niy ; he's given us a good deal ol trouble, and having tried various methods to reform him with- out success, I told my wife that it would be best U) try something that was new, and rather more severe. Accoidingly we agreed lo shut him al night in the b.iru. This answered very well fiir awhile, but he grew' worse again, till finally I was obliged to shut biiu up ill the barn every night by smuluwii. Well, one n'lglit while Toiu- luy was roosting wiih the cattle, and I was ill bed, there came on a tremendous Ihimder sloriii. It ligiiiened sharp enough to put out a man's eyes, and thundered so loud that it made the house rat- lle like a snare-drnm. Feeling rallier micasy about the boy, I got up etiily in the morning and went out to see how he lined. .As I was going to the barn, 1 met a man most eight foot high coming towards me. 1 never liud seen such a tall ciitter in all my life before, and I begun to feel sorter scarible at liaviug him about my prem get stretched out so Ion-; in one night? why, yoii'r^ glowed as tall as all out doors, don't yon know it ?' ' Why, ye-j, lather,' says he, ' I s'pose I have, liir last iiiglil I slept on them b.igs of guano you put ill Ihe barn, and that and the lii;hiuiug to- iiciber jiisl did the business.' The eli'ect oi' ibis story upon ihe andience was indeed eleciric. IVal upon peiil of langliler follmved, the people went off every way, and Ihe ii-xi day the lecturer upon electricity and guano was uuioiig the inis- Sim;.' ._.^.,. 'Hallo,' says I, as soon as I could speak, 'who are yui? and what are you doing in my barn-ytird .'' The strange looking animal answered in a little squeaking child's voice. ' Why, father, it's me ; don't yon know Tortiniy ?' ' You ?'' sa\s I ; ' why Tom, how on earth did yon Accidents to Indian Corn. Messrs. Eihtoks, — I have not the arrogance lo suppose that any wisilom of mine will be •rrcatly valuable lo your .igricnltural readers ; but as I li'el a lively int •rest in their pursuits, and as the physiology of vegeiailon is with me a tiivoriie study, I will, with your permission, suggest two or three hints in relation lo the ciilime oi' Indian cu)u, hoping they may be of some practical benefit. In the flowers of all plants — unless the ferns, mosses, and similar forms of vegetation, lie ex- ceptions— the organs that perliirm the principal oflico in reprodnciion, are lliestomeH.9 and pistils, the tiirine- being barren, the latter, in frivorable circumstances, tertile. In many plants, as the radish, the potaloe, the clover, these different or- gans are located in the .s;iine individual flower or floret. 'I'heic is another race, in whiidi tbestami- iiale stud pistillate organs are on the same plant, but are in separate groups by themselves. The cucumber and tlii^ mulberry tire specimens of this class, and so are most of nnr forest trees. Here also belongs the Ii ilian corn. There is a tliiid cliiss in which the barren or slamiuate flow- ers are on one individual plant, and the fertile or pistillate flowers on anoilier. The hemp and poplar are well known examples. Ill each of these lliri'e classes there is upon the stamens a dust which botanists call the pollen ; and though most kinds of vegetation may be piopagati d from the root, and many from layers or culliiigs, like the ninlberry, the seed or germ of the new ]daiu cannot be produced unless this dust is scallered upon the pistil. Hence, by the way, as only the staminale tree of the Lomriardv poplar has been introduced into this couniry, h has never been reproduced from the seed. lis propaaation lia.s been effected only by tiieans of layers or roots; and this is the reason", I have lit- tle donbl, that this species of the poplar, which, when first iiilrodiieed iiitf> the counlrv, was a beamilid Iree, and commanded a most extrava- gant price, has now so fiir deteriorated as to be entirely worihless. In the Indian corn the slamiuate flowers are tho.se arranged in a semt-<'onical form at the lop of ihe plant. F.very one who has passed Ihrough a corn-field ill the flowering season, must have observed a profiision of dust from these stamens. The fibrous, sil|i-like appendages at the end of Ihe ear, Ihe base ol" each of which is em losed by the hnsks^are the pistils. These threads lead along the rows, and each one is connected tvilh some enihn/o kernel of cor». Now in order to the iin- |iiegiiaiion, Ibrmalion, and growth of these ker- nels, it is necessary th.it the fructifying dust from the flower above fidi upon these filaments pro- ji eliiiir from the end of the ear. But this is not all. It is supposed to be indisfien.sable to the formation of each kernel, that the filament lead- ing to it should receive a portion of the pollen. Kxperimenis have been made, which to my mind ele.irly prove this fact. When I remove the silk entirely from lliom llie Maine Cultivator. Gypsum. Gypsiiin is a salt of lime. VVIieu pure it con- sists of lliiriy-lliree parts of liii e— forly-foiir of Sldpluiric acid, and twenty-one of water. It aljoniids extensively in tlie United Slates where its value as a stimulant on most soils has lonir been well understood, particularly in the New England Slates, and the central and western coimties of New York, where it forms the chief siippoit of the staple crop of llic country — wheal, as well as of many other piodnctious, in the ciil- livalion of «hicli its application is considered iiidispensahle, and attended with the hest re- sults. The maimer in which this siilist.-iiice pro- duces cfTects, has hcen the siihject of much spec- ulative inipiiry, and a multitude of hypotheses have lieen su_!,';;ested in order to solve what is .still a mystery to science. Some have assumed the posiliou ilial ils action on veiietation is refei- ahle 10 its well luiown capacity of ahsorliini; and relaiuinir water: others, that it acts hy iiidiicin); the decomposition of inert animal and vef;etahle or!;auisnis contained in the soil, and Davy de- monstrated that the mi.xture of ^jypsiim with these m.illers tends decidedly to this result. Others have contended that the only advaiiiaije resiiltin!; from its application arises lioiii ils ca- pacity of alisorliin^ and fixing the ammoni.i con- tained in llie atmos|diere, and thus gradually yielding it to the vegelahlesin contact with which it is applied, (/haptul's theory is, that its heiieli- cial cU'ecls are the result of its stimulating quali- ties, ami that it is prevented from operating inju- riously to the crop, like some of the other salts of lime, hy the deleteriousncss of its action, lie ohserves that — •'The soUihilily of plaster m water, appears to be of precisely the degree most beneficial to plains; 1300 pails of water will dissolve only one of plaster, lis action is, (heretiu-e, constant anhis salt of ammonia possessing no volatility, is ^onsciineiitly relaini'd for the use of plants." One thing has struck us us very »liignlar in (•egard to ihe application of gypsum. While acme reeommcnd it as n.snfu) 07i/_i/ on sandy or loamy soils, .others consider it as .ilmost worth- less on all lands except the heavier ami mori! viscid clays. Mncb, doubtless, jlepends on the seasop, Slid not a little upon the state of the soil and chanicter of the cr/>p, and the overlooking; .of these points, has doubtless ronlribuled, in a very great measure, to that singular diversity of opinion as to the direction iiud melbod of its ap- plication which so stronglj prevails at present, not only in this Stale, but in every >*late of the iUnioii where it has become an article of exten- sive or general use. \Vo shall close our obser- vations on the subject at the present time hy an extract from an ariicle \u one of our exchanges. The writer says: "Gypsum is scattered by the hand at the rate of two or three bushels per acre, and its effects years. It is best strewn when ihe leaves are wet I with a sli:;ht rain or heavy ilew, and alter the leaves of ihe plants begin to cover ihe ground. Some have objected to the n.se of plasler, that it produced greater crops at fir»t, but that il speedi- ly exhausted the land, and inipoveiishcd it. — I 'i'liose who make this objection prol,;ihly look | eveiVlhiiig from the land, and rcliiriied nolliiii;; ; to il, relyiog wholly on the plaster to kei-p up ihe fertility, a course manifestly erronemis. CUiver should always acctmipany the use of plaster, and when this crop is Hid otl' on the land, and made part of the course of rotaticni, no deterioraiioii, hut on the contrary, an increase of the grain crops has taken place. The plaster mills of New Vork usually reduce llie maifiial to powderalier only drying it in Ihe air, but kiln dr_\iny at a moilerate heat drives off ihe_w,iler of cryslaliza- tion, and renders it more valnahle to the pur- chaser, as it takes in ibis case a ■irealer ipianiily of the active materials, ihc siilpliale and Ihe liinc, lo make a ton. Consiileiahle ipiaiitiiiis of earthy malerials are usually mixed with plaster, iiiviiig it a dark color, and on the proportion of these in ihe mass, much of the value is depenibng. Dried gypsum absorbs water rapidly, but it may be preserved many moiiihs without its properlies being sensibly affecled, if headed up in light bar- rels. Cliaplal affiriiis, I'roin his own experience, that ihonjih ihe baked plasler evideiiily produced a heller efl'ect ihe first \ear, the next three years the difference was almost nothing." (T/^ Gypsum or Plaster is used in niucli irreater tpiaiilities in the fine limestone soil of more re- cent formation in the northern valley ol' ("on- necticut river and in Vermont, than upon Ihe older rormalion in the granile region and v.illey of the" Merrimack river thirly to fil'iy miles e;ist- ward. Has it less efit^rt where there is no lime- stone ? or is ils operalion more slow? We have known the liirmers of Vi'rmont to transport |ilas- ter in the stone at an almost incredible expense over hilly roads, blocked with snows, to the dis- tance of 150 and 200 miles. Some of our neigh- bors in this vicinity pronounce plasler to be good for nothing applied lo their laiifl — they would not thank you to spread it over their ground gi-ji- tuitously. We are confident that plaster here as an assistant is a most valuable manure. If the present season is not favorable for ils full opera- tion, the value will come al'lerwards. Wi' cannot recommend ils application to cold clay land.*. Wilhoiit other high srimnlants il may not operate there at all. Hut in all light soils in a ilry season it is valuable to almost any crop — lo rye after it is up, to pastures in the spring, lo corn, potatoes, beans, &c., alter the lirsi of .Inly. A lew weeks ago, a Massachusetts traveller stopped over night in the town of Sharon, Vermont, in the valley of White river. His lanrllord pointed liini lo the capital letter W written in the green ted that a profitable return llir such ail enormous expendilnre Has impossible; my calculations, hosvever, were made, and mere assertions without tacts and figures weighed nothing with me. .■Mthough the operations were only commenced eaily in 18111, llie resells, so fin- as they go, are gralilying and convincing. .As oni' inslaiice of success, a field of oal-s sown on the Itilh of May, after ilraiiiage, was harvesleil and stacked, before another (sown two monlli;j earlier im belter bill undiained land) was ready to cut. Herealter you shall have iletailed statis- tics of every deparimcnl in which saving is el- t'ected and increase proihiceil. In a moral and goci.il point of vievv, these improvemenis have acted beneficially. They have excited the ener- gies of the TriKint and his Laborers, stimnlaling them 10 think, cinnp.ne, and improve. They have awakened the atlenliou and curiosity of the neighboiing farmers, who are watching the re- sult, and already have they caused many under- takings in drainage, which olherwise would not liave been Iliouglitof Had I invested my money €l)e Ihrtncr^s iHotitl)hj Visitor. 105 ill the liMuls, tlieiK would have been iin end of llie irmiler; luit now 1 have ihe f•ilti^l'il(•li(>n ol hnviii;; tdllilled ii puhlic duly (wiihoiit injury In iiiysfll') by (-idling inio union IciniPDiai liy and liiTiimiiL'iuly, a fonsidcrahh! airjnunl ut' labor. I c'unciMve llml ilip liijriiest order of charily, whiidi, hy |)rn\idinjr eniplojniL'iit to die willing' lahoi- er, colliers a favor iiiiseeii, and leaves niicoin- |iroiiiised (his inott valuahle (irivilege) his self- de|ieiideiice. If every one who has the means follows my e\ani|ile, w here reiidi.sile, theie will lie lillle need to coiiiplaiii of the « ant of eMi|ilo\ nieiil lor our |ieasanlry or ourcapllal. Whil.-I eveiy ihing has been done for the Fannei',- (piolii ami coinfurl, Ihe Cotljifjers have not been fori;oiten. A few ;;iitlcrs and |ii|ies to iheir |•e^id^n^e.-, and some drains in their j:ardens, liavi: rendered ihe former ilii/ and htiilllii/, and the hilier produclive ; and this at the tririin^ cost of a few |ionnds. 1 may be asked, " What can joii, as a Londoner, know ahont tanning?'' 1 will answer, "I always loved the beauties of natnie, the |inre air of Heaven, the s|iorts of the lield, and Ihe hosjiilaliiy of our honest \eoiiien. I ha\e seen one rannej' iiiak- iiifl a Inrlone, and his next neighbor losilig one. I have seen one field all corn, and another nearly all weeds." I asked, "How is this?" — eminired into the causes — noted the results — oblaiiieil from all Ihe best fiinners and all the best Aj;ricidlmal hooks wiihin my reaidi, every informalion hearing on a^irieiiliural )>nrsnils — |iiaelised on my own little ;;arden, on a small scale, a variety of experi- menis ; and after carelidly wei;;hinfi the evidence, 1 come to Ihe conclnsion, Ihal.waiit of ilrainaL'e, both in land and buildings, waste of manure, shallow )iloni:liin!,', and sliorl leases, are aiiioni'st the f.'realesi cnrses to this country; and I, so far as my indiiidnal means will permit, ani resolved on remedying' them. I am. Sir, Voiir obedieiil Servant, 1. J. IMEClll. 4, Leapenhall Street, London, .March 15, 1844. P. S. -As Tijitree Healh is nolorioiis for poor land, and as ihe Essex larmers, lieiierally, are ex- trenifly sceptical as to these improvements an- sweriiiiT, I would recommend tladr iiispectiiif? the crops (there w ill he no Ion;; fallow) abuill .toly next; ami then, having; the liicis before them, they will be enabled to ilraw correct concdnsions. I may as well add, iris inleiitled to trenc,h-ploiij;h and disturb Ihe soil to the depth of foiirieeii or sixteen inches. The implements used on this larm are, Crosskill's idod-criisher, roller and li- quid manure cart. The threshing; machine is constructed under my o«n direclion, by Mr. Besvley, of Chelmsford, on the Scotch principle, w ith rakes, chuff-cutter, and corn-bruiser. LETTER II, The Draiiwfre at Tiphee-Hall Farm. 4, Leauenhall Street, London, March 28fA, 1844, Sir — As I have fre become of tolerable goodness, .Aboot two-lhirds of it was a etrong yellow lo;im subsoil, in a state lietweeai jmtty anil hiid- lime, according to the season, here and there .mixed wiih a liodge-|Hidge of stones, to which Ills atlachinenl was .so affi-ciiuiLile that there was .no separaiing them, and it was only by the con- etaiit use of w.iter that ihe land drainers could };et Iheir spades in or gof my o«n, and contrary to the enlertaiiiei! ""iniyH'') "'i«' ''"^ "''"^ should be at the boltoiii, Twill give m;' ie«soiis for so doing; because, Ist. It jg rheapei-. 2d, It is more dmabh', and less liable to choke. 3d, There is a larger area of spucf for the escape or fiJtralion admit a sufficient nuiiibec of pas- sengers to travel down it. The pores, in contact with air, \vliicli are con- stantly admitting the water l)y its superior grtivi- ty, should form, if priictieable., |,y ,-.dmeasure- inenl, a svptrjic'ai area iijual loihcrsolid iinoceupied away, most of it percolated, except in cases of the ground being fro/en haril, and very heavy and sudden rains. It appears to percolate toler- ably clear accoriling lo ihe season — but on this point my observations must be more extended. Oil cutting across some of the drains that had been made six months, the stones were found to be washed as clean as the gravel in a brook. The other third of this Farm was the reverse of the first two-thirds, and required an entirely different system of drainage, it is mostly black, sandy, tind boggy soil, with iiumerons springs rising at various points where obslriicled by per- pendicular walls or veins of dense clay or hard gravel, somelimes luilh. The dniiiiage here has been effected by a per- son named Pearson, from \V'ar« ick>hire, a man of extensive knowledge and aliilily in this de- part ineiil of drainage, who I iinderslaud has es- sentially improved Lord Digby's estates by his judicious sub-ihainln;: of the springs. His plan is to take his fall from the lowest point, and grad- ually work np to where the spring' shows ilself, having previously ascertained ihe whereabouts by digging, and by (hose |ilants ihat invariably show themselves over a spring. As springs are generally attended by sand beds, a single drain will often lav dry a large extent of ground. In one ease, where there was a swamp of lour acres, the drain was opened at two feet, and coiilinued in a trench till it reached eleven feel in deplli — the sand boiling np at intervals like water in a cauldron, of course it was neces.sary to shore up the sides, and when his level was accurately taken, he commenced laying his pipes on iiay (two half pipes, fnur-aiid-a-lialf inches diameter, were put togetlier, being inlernally nine inches by four-and-a-half,) but so sirong was the foiuo of the water, it was necessary to have two stiong- ly made iron skeleton aridies w ith wooden sides, about lliirly inches high, and the w idlli of the drain two "feet. In these andies were laid the pipes, and firmly loaded to the top of the arch with soil to keep the pipes from being forced i.p by the boiling waters and sand; when loadeii, the arches were removed by a lever, the mouths of the pipes being carefully stopped will, hay, till the next length of pipes was laid in the next (two alwajs being in use, one ill front <-f the other.) The result is, that one such drain laid perfectly dry four acres of bog (having a smaller spring carried over or across it:) the first drain rmis permanently 30,000 gallon-i every twenty-four lionrs, and several others nearly as much. It has l;iid our neighbor's wells dry, a quarter of a mile oft" (beipg in a bed of sand, below their level.) The laiid(whiph has been double spitted) is now alwajs perfectly (iry,alllioiigh previously ihffiger- ous lor caille, and entirfly worthless. In conclusion, allow me tp fay, I have derived most valuable information in draining from those excellent and standard works on Ai;rienltnre, ■ Book of the Farm," "Loudon's En- id" Agi'lt'iiliiiiP" ""'' "'^lorlon on Soils" There niav Iw ri".ind ample and satisfac- tory evidence and'tnancre of fact in fwri/ branch, of draining. It is wiili extreme regret I tre- -iienilv see n,o(iey completely winlcd by plaentS Tiles without soles, a|id pipes wiihotil sloi.e-,, iifjtl lemporsivv an^l, 'AVl'r,'.Ut drM.i"- ^,y V.Os\.e^^- much ■■ "Sle|.. 'I'^ cydopBEilia f Hoke, (Kf 1,: water to I hi. J liope Ins treated as ., inijch ni .fjuoiinfi IS a nmch i.ariifv "" " id h^"^ iirmity in ciiJtjvn ciining cotton. T '^f. ""'' '.-""'ig Fanners derivii \\ lie a»- , ilieve is ii>' tamiy, iii a gener al way, equal or superior in. ihe , velocity of percojition. " j Jt must be '''**^- , It iiii>^ rtti'l^y very TeiW"^ '""^ 106 ^l)c iiinnei's iHontl)li) lUoitor. tlifii- liiiid, where o|)|.orliiiiily exists, miil il i Aiiii-Ciiin L;i>v League imiy vi.-iii oilit-r rdiinuify, wIkisi- luar ot' our expo'tations will tln'ii \n- nrriil Foi- il. is i|iiile clear, tliM if all tlie hiiiil in tliif I'duntiy tliiit leiinired it, were perd-clly (Ir.iilieil unci ciiliiviitiMl, we slioulil lie (jiiile as aide to ex- port our Miperfluoiis eorir niid ineal as inir siiper- nlpiiiiilaiit cotton; a result Hevoiitly lo he wislieil, when we coiisiiler ihe eft'ecl of ample fooil and einploycMMit lo onr lahoi iiit; population in a inoriil pliNsic.il, anil so<>i.cl point of view — to say iiolli- inu ol the innuense p(-cnniary advaijlajje of ein- ploviiiL'onr capital at home, instead of leiuliii;; it to other nations, to ei'ahle them to compete wiih our own already insnfficieiitly employed counli) men. 1 am. Sir, Your oliedient Servant, J. J. MECHI. P. S. As ten pounds jier acre is deemed ex- trava^'anl hy the t^ssex jjenllemen t'ov peniirineiit ih'airiai^e, the Hillowing calciilaiioiid will prove it to he the cheapest: Twelve scorp rfuls per nrrc, done temfKirn- rinly wilh !>ru(ls, bushes. Ice, al £1 per ncre, {Mtcutnlei] in UhI ten ye.rs — Inlerest on £-1. at 5 |jer cent., I'rincip.i) sunk in ten years is 8s. per year, Annu.T I rti.irge, Interest on my permanent druinins at 5 per cent. — Aamiftl cti:vrge, d. 4 0 8 0 12 0 10 0 Annual saving per acre in KiTfir of my plan, 2 0 We find, dmiiif; the lasl iveek, that wliilst the stone tiiid pi)«' drained jiait of one field is per- fi'Ctly ilry ami friaWIe, (he seiid-draiiiod part of the same field, dune the sane depth, dislaiu^t;, &c., (ahoiil three ai'ies,) is a liirtnighl Inter in its dryinjr. This is an iiiiportaiit fact worth nolin;:, the soil heiiii,'exa(^lly the same. It is well known lliat after six or sevei> years, the scud and hush ilrainiiif; hecomes aniinally less and less efti'c- tive. If so, how pre-eminent must he the per- vinnenl draiiiiiiijs in jznin as well as in saving! I Mill say nothing,' of the i-alcnhnioii that one extra sack of ori/.t w;e, which uoiilil have matured them a week or fortnight earlier. 0 I.F.TrER III. 4, I.KAnK.MlAI.I. .Sthket, Loiiilnii, June J]//i, 1844. Sir: — With refercnci: to my Improvements at 'I'iprnF.F. Ham, (ihe expenditure of £tj^00 on a Farm of l.'iO acres that only cost il'\l',Q as ex- plaiiieia'e, willi its liomesle.id open to llie coning lioitli-east winds, wiihool •;nners or drainage. '.id. 'I'he taciliiy of cooking and sieamin^ food, and Ihe ecimnmy of several acres that were re- ipiired for Horse Food, hy growing Lucerne, fares, &c. .'M. The very iiiipottanl henefit of early sow- ing and harvi-sting. We reckon we shall f;.iiii at least a foiinighl ill hoili, as proved last year, with snperioril\ ol' sample, and avoidance ol'a calchy week in September. 4ili. A pcrlict independetute (hy onr ellicient drainage) of n very wet season, which has often iiiined the cio|i« o.ii lUi.s Farm; witness I84'J, when the oals y'lelded hut tlij"ee (pi.-irtios two liiisheds per aero, and an inferior sample. Liisily, riie ngreeahle feeling of having a com- plete I'arm, with good Koads, comfoitahle llmne- stead, and good ('rop.<, mslead of Ihe former di- l.ipidaled, Ixjjjjjarly, and povorly-strncU land and preiiiisi's. The saving of Horse and Maimal Labor iscon- sidiiahly miderrated, w lien \oti consider the rea- dy enmiiiniiieaiion with each part of ihi" Farm, the aholilioii of all sliorl lands, the facility of idonghiiig or caiiiii;,' ai almost any time with less power, the land being firm iiiid mellow, iiiiiteud 30 0 0 of piiity-und-paste-like ; — no idle days in wet o cold weiither, there being emplovment under cover for men and horses, j^rinding, ihaft'-cuttinsj, or tlir.ishin!,'; — the tiicility, at harvest, of drawing the loaded carta into the hays of onr large barn, and ;it onc-e depositing the' sheaves ;--tiic ease wilh which they are trainferred from both barn and stacks to the tbreshing maidiine, the straw being delivered by the maclmie into a gallery over the very sheds, yards and stable-, where il is re- (piircd;^iio time lost or accidents in leading horses or cattle to waler, llieru being tanks in ev- ery yard, and a yard to every stable — .dl the tanks filled siiniiltaiieonsly from a single pump. There is another nilvantage of whirli no v. dila- tion is taken, I mean the Fanner or BiildF's lime ; whilst writing up his aci-oimts or arranging his plans, by stepping from one room to the olher, he can at once see every man, hoy, horse, or sheep, (Ml any part of the P''arm, except ahoiit four acres. .Any accident, mistake, neglect, mal- Ireatiiient, or pilfering, is perceptible at ;i glance. THE COCRSE OF CROi"I"l>G Will be regulated by marketsaiid circnmslaiices. It may be slated generally, that on the heavy land wheat will alternate with lieans and a little (do- ver a' d tares: and on tlii! light land barley suc- ceeded by rye lor feed, ami then rool.s, so as lo have one corn crop, one green crop, and one root crop in two years. Should flax or Indian crirn be found profitable, we may grow them. It is intended lo adopt Mr. Ilewilt D.ivis's excellent practice (which is Jetliro Tidl's revived) of a si nail rpiantiiy of seed with wide intervals. For car- rying out this, no instrniiieiit .'ippears so well sniled as Newberry's Dibhiing Muchine, wlrtch will deposit three pecks per acre of vsheat Jaiid other corn in proportion) at intervals ofsi\ inch- es in the row. and the rows twelve inches from each other, (beans, |>eas, and roots we mean to place twenty-seven inches beiwecn the row.s.) — My affording a snfiicient space for freipieiit hoe- ing and cl< aning, this will do a^^ay wiiii long fal- lows, secure heavier crops (on dr.iined hiiiil) and avoid that conipetilion torsoppori v\liich prtahic- es, in ln.\iiriaiit showery seasons like iln; l.ist, roinonsly laid crops, and lean miserable kernel.j, which diminish the value of the samjile by lei> pounds in every hundred. We have found Crosskill's clod-crnslier roller of exiraordinaiy benefit In pulverizing our slifT land (disordered by drainage and cariimf,) and shall use liill's pulverizing plough wilh .Mason's knives: in (act, lake every opporiiiniiy, by means of snhsoiling,. scarify ing, i&i-., to oluain a line and deep tillli tree troiii weeds; nor shall we. deb.ir onr.selves from purchasing guano orailifieial ma- nures, should such a course appear occasionally ite.sirable. Our great obj 'it will be lo grow the very nti)ki>sl thai the hiiiil can produce by forcing ; bearing in mind, that in doing so, we virt'ially decieasi^ the expense of rent, labor, seei\, tithes, rales, and olher charges, ihei'eby increasing our profit, and improviog the l.iiid iiir the fiitiire. — W^e are now using one bushel of hoiie-dnst, dis- solved ill fiirly pounds ol' pure sidphnric acid, lo all our rooi crops, in addiiioii to ot.'ier inanure. THF. STOCK Will consist of tivelve bead of c.-illle fed in stalls or boxes(oii ilie prliicipl(! so ably ^l.ited and jtr.ac- lised hy .Mr. John Warm-s, jim.) wilh steamed or cooked linseed, clover, cli.ilf, pulse, polatoes, «S:c. These entile \\\\\ be considered our iiiaunf.ictur- ers of inanure, as the l.iucnlnsliire F.irmers call them, and if they occasionally pay for their U'ei\ or a prolil, so much tln^ belicr. .\s we shall grow annually thirty to forty acres of roots, we ho(ie to he able iiereafter to produce fiiod enough fiir •iCA) to ;)00 sheep, to be lidded on Ihe land or \'et\ in the yard, according lo weather and cir- cnmstances, having an especial regard to the w idl established fact (as proved by Proft>.s.sors Play- lliir, Liidiig, and others,) thai, w ilh wnrmlli and dryncs.s, a little food fallens ipiicker tli.in a gr> .it deal wilh C(dd ;iiid wi;I. Compare the sleek, pliiuip, tboiigh naked, .Milcaii, thriving on light vegeiahle food, wilh the fur-clothed ICsipiimaiix, ol iIk; Norlhcrii Hemisphere, trying to maiiUHiii his vupply of carbon by swallowing daily some eighl or len pounds of seal's blubber or olher animal food. ,^ll our straw will lie cut into tine chalf, lik(? saw-dust, flu' litter. There appetir many advantages in this, such as the diminished space It occupies, the readiness with which il '^IjTlonnerlBjHont^^ 107 :-:-r:;:nri,;;:;:™:^:";S;f;= ill ih« huiiiiiitr stusoii, so .1!. lu al'o „s.c( a.c.cl. co...n.on .alt, u.-,,.cull> "'xlJ'wtK .O.NTS OF THE PKK.ENT SVST.M !;;'-';;!;;;'!o;;y^wr;::;u.yac..e.u.,,ay an charge. "^'Mli;TwlM,l..i..,e.u,-.,asys,e,ushouldbo t::;'.':a';.^ir.':eu.n.a. -v--^— ; V P.cel I.e availal.lH loi- r^^'''"[:' (Uh kinaiv ti..,ol I.O.M., atl--no>,, " ' ^^^ "'■3;ra!T;:^Fr:;:;;:e.eap,,e...a..^^ least i. is imui Ibr in M,o,u-y.) .I.^.^lore h,ul N < f! .„■.„,.' I.orsr:-, uili Me.-c.s.~.nly iM.ke ipn. k mm, it ;L, ; bMi llus rannot iMMUl w. aran, ou, a U, U ,„rU .low., ou.- re.,.-ts, an.l M.l.M....le a.N (. ■ . t ,al..,•U.,..-.l.:o,M.Mu:...a,.h:^.l,«.e|M.anamua- ,lv lai.es. li; as ii n.atu;,- o\ calci.U.li. .., tlii'<- e ny |..:iMl« in a,.i,-..l....e (:....! ti.o.« an^ ,o,.,.)aia;i.,g..lo,,.vl...ir|,.M-.o.,..,neac.wai •v, I, ...>..« Ha„ltw„l,f..v.e„.ov,.,g ...^ „ee- '•s,M.ll...p'l"'''""l--"l"^"'""";""'."'^"'"r ;.?„,,;,n^.s.tl-^..M,,,...^>.-.."'a(-a. s.^^sesl ... « ;" I , |-,„-7.jre,- costly nt.-l s,,a.'...n.s »n.a.... " « '" <■'! '■ tl.e place of his spiixllcs an.l i.iac h.i.e y. B'- idef effect a,..inage of l.....sc, l...,l(ht.i;s ot tana is i...|.o.sil.lc wl.e,-e yo.. l.ave t.ces a,.,l fe- ces Iri.- ,-nots will l,avcl .na..y va.-.ls .,, sca.-cl. ofUist..,-e,willsciz.-o,,a,.a..-c,.,^aa.-a,n(a. n vi.io-iool woi.ia on a l.-...',) a..d ett.:. t.i. y cl.oUo it I know an instaiic.', wl.c.-e the root of a pea.--lrce followe.l the retreating water "'■A,::^'l^,'?^''n.-nbre.-ec,ing.os„acio.,sa| l,a . m?d for b..iiai..g it whh hricks on the |.lca on, e.,.langering the sa.iplc -n a f "M- ^;;;'-- Thisohieclion is untenable, the ,-ool hau... gn te -s «.. 1 the Ki-on...i on which .1 stan.b be.ng pe, - ■ .lvd,-ained inshle and out. "••'»'-■. "^S;- in.i.ortance. as water arises bycapilta.y attiac- lloi; Vhave.lso«bo.,tio.,.a.,zen. ironan- hricks as ventilators, and t,-.ke .-are ...t t" hH e .^.^h"b..t l.-ve a space l..r venlilati.... between the CO,-,; «n.l .he ro.-f. Last — ';;,-;^: '^^^^ •- tents of tw.'.av-five ».'.-es, 'l"'.,f "," '' "f f ^,^, , lent, .nd l,..vi.-..J..st hastily hlled ''be'"' |,e.-.vv ruin wh..-l. we.ie.l n.osl of the stacks ;'|„ot'gl.,ana deterioiated ^Uy^m^^^ five slnl- lii,.>s ,1 ni.a.iei-, it saved us at hast i-'U. f h Isi.i.;^ ... acl.i..es a.e val.ied principally for tl.eir li.cili.v ot ec„.versioi.,a..a the q.iai.t.ty they r'b 1 toM.e their n.o.e perfect ext,a.M,on l;Vh"g;ain,nl,.lp.■evel.,i,.,....fn■a.,dorncgec^ ai-e far ni..i-e ili.po.-tai.t <-o..si.le.al..il.s. A single oroi .f wh.-at ii. fifty i^<«.. po'inds ...every ^;;;:d.-ed. or five shiin,,.sp..- .,,•.•,. and an e.^^^^^ ■,,,.,,;„„ of sl.-.w wh.'..ev.'r vnc hav.- the ..|.po.... ;;;;;;"i,^!snstVar.UleMde,„-e.,rwh,U.slost by i,i,"perlect th.-.'shing •ihI slii.k.i.g. „.eq,.e.,.lvs..e will, ....... he l'.u-.n..rcn.'a^e,l ■„, „,J.ionspi..s....s(.l.c -rUo. ins lab.,.e,s,) vhe.. his r.i. e should be .....d. ll....-e protHably ^ ; .v^l .. ke.-pin. cor,-..ct and .iaily accounts :; !,ll i,is ..,o..e.a.y nn.l olh.-r ';'^"f:':«:';l. " It • Dowst lauu'hed nt them, told them he could ei.'rrv it alone ; .... «liicl.il.ey il.rew it down, aii.l he tix.k it lip and car.ied it to the ship, wilho.it iissisiance. , > i <; . At aii-tl.er li.ne, wl..-i. be aii.-.iiled tl..- tisli > di.ecte.l Iin b.s eii.plove.s to f;,. I<.ra JM-Uass «hich was ... at. a.lioii.ing fiehl; "ben U..»st got hi... to li.e l.ar- ilion fence, being ii. a ra.I.er l../,y inoo.l, ... sa.e l.iui .be tr..uble of leliina ih.wn tin- bi,i>, I..' ...ok „|, ,|,e beasl ai..l lifn-d hi... ove,, a...i then f... ..p- ,„, |„s ba.-k. .....1 ro.le hi... ... ihe l.h.c.^ wh.-r.- .<• waslobee„.pl.n.-d. lie ....c.e rais.-.l h-o... the ,.r .I.be ....rl.or of .he p.ize s h.p, K..cl.a...p- u.n, which wei^b.Ml 1-00, an.l «l.,rb lonr i.e . Iiiul iiiiii.edialely b,-H.lv .....leavo.e.l ... vain to hb, "'Beiu'-'at'lblboa, in the lale wa.-, in " privaleer, an Eng'ii>b vessel caii.e in, which b...l in Us .•!■.■« ,, ni-ofesse.l bi.llv, who was challe.if;!..;; .■ver> o.i.' ^o^o,uba., a..a bea.ing of D..WS. s.-,.. a pa.U.M- lar chalh-n^-e t<. him; they .i,el,,-.n.l ihe l...>:b- .- ,„un. who was s.ipeiior lo ....r Hn.MSon ii. the a,-, of boxing, knock..! h.,i. d..w,. ihn.e tina-s, and the last ti.ne twi-l,.d his hnuc's into , .- h„ , ,n ponge bi.n. when D..ws. -ave 1..... " ''I"" "' l.is arm, whirl, b.oke it, and wilh ano.li.'r l.l..^^ I.e b.-..ke tb.-ee of ihe bully's ribs, wl... .1 l^ saal 'died of his wo.. ...I-'. , Powsl, «ill. Lisa.. .a7.i,.^Mren.,:lb, was ren.ak- al,l> .......1 ,ml..re,l,.-.i..l len.ler leei.ni;. ...1«'; He enjoyed through life a lar,e share ot h. a It! For .hree months prev.ons to bis death b( ha.l |,eeii artViCe.l with the .b-..psy, bu. appeared o have considerably reeove.e.l, and .he last .l..y . his \\\e lie walke.l the ureaU^r pa.l of the d:,y, aecor.ling to l.is usual habil-b.,1 ,he next n,o.u- iu" his wili> fonnil him .lea.l m the l"-d. MI|li:v_¥li|TOR> ^CoTTcoSdI N. H., .IULyIi. 1845. regular crops hv superse.lmg so much ol the ..I al ins 'r-''-^^'^, ",,,,,, ,,,,,,,„,. .lep.irtinei.i, \nict! aneiy of w,,ys,l.y .'--^y;; -'-:":;;!:,:;' Illy, or ,ii Iletail, .he Se;i.;:;;i:.;b.,oiM.l.eai,uu:U,n,e.-es. ,he re, air of wood or iron ^^^'^^^^^^^^ X^"i their "lailual .leieri...at.ou. ol'J^ct « ^." ' • ,uhue.! -I, fen.-es, on the --- "' ^,f "^^ , which they stand. B.it '• y ^'- "^ „,,,„,,h,y of affi,r.Mi..fiaiidand.ieglec,cad^iO,. ;^|_^-;';;^ fieullies tliey '-"^n'-^ '' -^ ' ^Z he he ■ is ne.-ded ::;;^:;;::;:;:l^:n:;it:^n.'.aiiybeatr,,.aedby ""luVraml elevate.! .lis.ric.s, -l.-reg.;N.U.. ,,,.„„au..i.-bel.s are essential, but cannot be ..- • ...in our ...i.lla,,.! aiul soiuheru counties, X;e tl,e,-e ,;-rt dehichea bu di igs to ca..se a st.on;;. r .-..r.-eui ol airiso.ne- ,1 in.' li^e SI. Paul's Chn.cl,yar.l on a wii.dy .lay ) Gu;e.st,l.el.uil.liu.s.,rd..i,,u.et.,..e^a,^ itself are sel.lom tbo..gl.t of, . being . sine qua Ltl,ata.;.,-...-yar.lsl.o,,ldbeb,.tf..;ol.l.o,a^veu There are many other i.ia.i.is a^^nuiriug amendment. Tin.t „.- . o.i'hl a. o..ce .lei. cl Lenenilly, ..r ,11 .le.ail, .h. weak poii.is .hat lequi.e ei..li..g. p.„.„,^, lam not ..no of tla.se wl... .hii.k a Faime, UM re likely to succee.l h.r .bessmg ..r acli,.|: bUe "irofl.isc,,m,nonlab,,rers-i.isthe,uindand calculation makes the man. To be conhnusa. A Hercule. of the Days of the Revolution. The editor of the Memphis Ka;.d.. has b.'cnex- .„„ inc a ber of .he Colu.ubian Cei.iiiiel, ; • .ri., n,.s.on,J.,!y, 1801, belli,' tli,.n m-s aV.h vohi.ue. Un.ler the obi.uary bc.-.d ot the Centi lie savs the edito,-, we find ihe lollowm, Mcc . lit of ti.e .'M.loi.s of a secoiul bamsm. •'XvVillia,iiD.lws,,whola,clyd,c_dat^^^ was a ...an of ..nco.umo,. size an.l ^"'e g"'- . "^ was ne -Tie... high, and uei.hediOO w.-,g^i.. ■iCo lowing instances will prove, his great de- , i-ee f s.rc.g.h. lie was on bo;.r.l a p..va,eer i, .h, h.;. war. which go. an.ong the breakers ofl C-, .Bremu, when it be.-a.ue ..e.-.^ssai-y ..nmedi- , V .oc-. ever .1,.! ... U.e s.a.p i,.Tic-(/.t promrmii faper manu/hch,r, d, llu pnnl- iu.r prea.mi.rxding.cowiling o,d,so,:i.:ia„dd„,chns: Kiriri. N TONS 0/ lUe variou, mw Maul.-., dincUd m mor, \ than nj,l lUousand po^l off.ccs. Th. U.u.. of Ihe blanks : and the ....t.ce of the quantity wanted were l«r.,.she<. us ' y 'l"*i Jiolrio rivets, is teitile lo a hiii^i <1eo;iee : iHtirJj laii-ee (i-fnti Mohite to iMontgoniery ity 'Jand is 1^0 miles; liy w;ilee'«ip the AlaliaKia riv- er llie distani'e is over .500 inilutleriinU<, and a walk li>to an exten- sive gai tluif in whatever ili rection iniglil Ue the wind, (he bouse liad the ad- vadtiige of airing : these hull's enihraeed nearly half of (be wbole are.i. Sepnale on eaeh cor- ner were large auil ample ywrrors or sitting rooms — riijd otte or more suits ol' r>ed-iQi>ins. — The heigJit of the slory uiifl tbe rooms was ten to tweUe fiiet. Tbia bouse was coiisfrurted as liir comfoii in warm rather llvnui' co-Id vveatlier: the weather in that |iart of Al'it.hatiiti is never fold, aJid seldom only cool. The extent of fanning in Afabama may be eonjecimed troin the feet thai Col. Wood has one thousand acres annually imiter the plough. Good calcidalions make tlie work ihere conijKir- alively ea-y, be<-^ijse the milder rriuKile ad- mits of work in the pi- sea lK>gs were ileci- dedly nK>re fat than we bad seen elsewhere, — 'l'hi;y ranged in an open forest ".'roiimf t'nd pas- lure of many .'teres; and in aiblrtion to this only usual method of keepj-ng and feeding bogs it> that coiintiy, they were daily fed wiib corn in the ear scattered over the ground in which they rooted and made mamire. No iKiy is ent in Alabama: a general sifbstilute for hay in feeding horses, mides ami cattle is the corn sfiucks or husks, being the leafy part which is stripped from the principal blade and done up ill bundles. Tlie straw of wheat and oilic;r kinds of grain with the grain itself is also fed out to horses and cattle. The cons, in most iitsiaiices, range the woods in search of lijoil, .tud tbrough the forests of .Alabama and Georgia wlieie we pa.ssed, seemed to be but skeletons, like the lean kine of Pharaoh. Col. Wood had a fine drove of the inifidi kiiie, large, tat and »lee-k,and a notable boll which the overseer informed us was oblaiued lloin Col. Jafpies of Clnirlestown, Mass. A flock of over a hundred first rate sljeep, a mix- tnn; of flie Leicester with the native breed, were kept mainly for the wool itecessury lor tl>e liimily clothing. On the wlioTe, the view of stfeb a splendid plantation as that of Col. Wood, ;» ihnnsaiiil acre* under the plough yieldiirg, on the lowest calcii- l.ition, a clear profit of ten dollars to the acre ; — ibe business under overseers who iixike the dif- ferent gangs of cheerliil woikers operate like the machinery of a clcK-k ; a p«H$ioi> of the grounds eTery year rmiirorTed by the generous nse of nicnures; the crops all galhereti ami sav- ed In d\ie seasr;ii, as they arc grown, alimist with- out the app:n eiit (tire of the owner ; Ihe surplus- annnariy sohl to fnrnisb any des»Ka'!>le arnoniit of funds for any iJesirable pniposp : — wliii would not tbink the evil of slavery sticb as exists upon this plauiation even irileiaMe, and who would iioi eiTvy the roud'ition of a-ii indi>]>K»)deitt .-^lalxiinu firmer like Col. Green Wood ? The i^cason in New Hampshire. The htiy crop has been pjurle light on all liigl> dry land long Taiif down to gnis.-*, bsit heavy on well maiuired.iiid highly ciilliv.ited i;rouuds: the product «t' a single acre n\' the latter from ii(» better rranir.i-l soil is often equal to ten or a dozen acres of the former. How strong ilio iiiiluce- menl to plough deep and manure well for stibse- |ipient Fi-ipps of the l>est hay! The .season has been rery tvne jhtis far. fw rKriiig ibe bay crop. I The early severe dronghl Ikis HghleMcfl iir;iiiy ' arres at least one half. — The n/r crop on .some gronnifs wtis figfitened very much from the same 'cause : there tire many false beads without grain. Much rye greiiiNl was severely winser-killed. — Tiie spritf^' iclifnt (:if grain. Kar- ly ••sowing of the Black -.sea wheal is fciiind better botli liir Ine avoidance of blight ;i(id the liy, that) lair .mowing, Ity sowing .■^s early in .-Vpril as the grouiirl roiild lie opetted, Abralxtm Brown huiI Thomas Cliasi', Ksipiire;*, (two adjacent good fanners of .Vorthfield,) last year idilained spriliff wheat at the rati- of thirty -seven bushels to the acre. Oik; bush.-? of this wheat is wurili in the market aliiittt two bushels of rye. — Of InJiim corn all the indicalions at the pre.-ienl time are lli;it !lii-re hiII be a g.iod crop in this p;irt of New Hauipshiii-. The niontb of July (dry thoiiidi il has been) has been highly I'avoralile lolbe grow lb of corn. I'p lo the time of the copious rain of that month, our corn upon the Concord intervale labored witliont much increasing growth : in one week afterwards the increiise was greater than for the six weeks previous.— Of Ibc crop of po- liitom conipfiints :iie made of the efli'ct of the dry wcalbii.and the ;inticipnlioii in nianv places is that il will III' cut off or mined, if we do not soon have more r.iiii. We have a field of five acres with the young potatoes as l;irge as a hen's egg, the growth of which has not yet been checked by the drv wealber. New potatoes are now sell- ing at the uiarket houses in this town for thirty cents a peck. .\\ thirty cents Ibe biislnd, they will give double the profit of Indian corn on the same ground. 05^ Mr. J. A. Flanders of Goffslown sends us w*5araHisB?s» ^\)t iarmtr's illcintl)li) ibioitor. fm^mi^ssm^^ im a tail stalk of lif-ivls-riviss or titijolliy, iiieasiirin^ i five H^t and tiiree incliesf; jiiowiiif; on a noil (liadt! lifli iVoiii tli<; wnsli se jnipi'OVe'.'arhf>sells, have built a barn-, whix-h is pmbiibly hirger >han any olbe/ srruclnre of the kind rn the. United Siales.- I'he flimfnsions, we ai'-; li-ld-Hi-i' „„» lutmlrtd niid' fijhj J\et in Irrn-th, and forljl-fin in n-idlli. It is hair s!ori*« rn bvig>rt,. srxl fhe fMlciilannn is to- drive in on- the upper floor.'>, frrmi the hjll .side and pjlrb rhi; hay down, llw«s reiwh:>in;^ iniich hard hdiOT easy. BAR^f-yARI>S, Tlie foHowin* 'Rtmmks f Albimy. V'egetnbfes, Hki^ ani-mals, i-iiiiMo! thrive ur sub- sist wilhont food > and upon the (.piontitv and- ipialily of this dcpentlti Vhf Iwallh .-slid vigor of" the vegelabic, ».s well as of vhe annual. Boll* subsist upon animai and vegeSible matter, both may be siirfrited with e.xce.stt, bolh may be in- jured by lood not adapted lo tliei* habits, their appetites, or ibeir digestive p»'/>ers. .\ bug will, receive no injury, but great beneliv, from Iree ac- cess to a lie.Tp o) corH n-r wheal, where si horse or cow will be a|it to destroy thenisKlves by ex- cess. Tbegoa! will (hi i.vi;MpoM ihe boughs ainli bark of trees, where the bog woi>lil starve. The powerful, robust maize will rKpay.in iIk- increase of its grain, (ijr a heavy dies-^ing td' strong dung', lor which the more delicate wheal will ri'«|iiile you with very little but straw. The potiiln feeds, ravenously, .'iiid grows luxMiiiaiilly, upon ihe coarsest litter; while many i>f the niwe under exotics will thrive only on foot! upon which fer- mentalion has exhausted its pewfrs. But here the analogy stops: ("or while the food of the one is consumed in a souisd, healthy, and generally solid slate, the food ol" the o-ther, Iwliire it be- comes aliment, must undergo Ihe process of pu- tretjiclion m- decomposition, and be reduced ;o it liipiid or irri(i)rm slate. I have gone into the analogy between animal* and vegetables thus liir, to impress upon the minds of our ("armers the iiiipoifianre of saving, and of applying the food of their vegetables with the same care and economy that Ihey do the (iiod iif their animals How scriipixitisly careful is the good liusbaiidnian of ihe produce iifhis farm destined lo nourish and liitlen his animals ; and yet how olieii careless of Ihc food which can a- loiie nourish and mature his plains : while his fields .ire gleaned, and his grain, bay, and roots i'arel"(illy housed, and econooiically dispensed to his aiiim,'ils, ihe food of his vegetables is siifl"ered lo wasle on every part ot" his fuiii. Stercora- ries we have none. The mine of the slock, whicli constitutes a moiety of the nianiire o( ani- mals, is all lost. The slovenly and wnslefiil prac- tice of feeding at slacks in the fields, where the sole of the grass is broken, the didder wasted, and the dung of little pftt?cl,is still pursued, .^nd fin- ally, the little manure which does accumulate in the yards, is snflered to lie lill it has lost full half of its fertilizing pro|)erlies, or rolled the sills of the barn ; when it is injiiibciously applied, or the barn removed to get clearol the nuisance. A- gaiii ; none but a slolhlid liuuier will permit Ihe flocks of his nciglihors to regetablo matter accumulated upon its bos.im, or which art deposits there, will) the auxiliary aid of these materials difl'used in the atmosphere, lliat eiiiibles 110 ari)c Iaxmtx5 inoutblpj^isitor „„ ..,,,,1, < M, Will, vegetable lifr.aml yi.-M "-' •„l.. 1., II.; ...H,,„> ..1 .■ve-n laiiMur nl omIii a > "'^!:, '!:;:;::';•!„•,. M,.,„i,i 1,^1 -e^on.i,e.,mi, ,i.l stone ui>ll., m- rl..^. l.o:,n t.nce. «l.m,l. h. tent,.. n.ulofVo,,. c.,1.1 vvM..l.:m.l .to,.ns;t he ..ze /mv.io tl.e f.-.il.-.5 i.. a .;.i.i.-«ve r.Hin |.la< n.jl He ^ -^.M!,,- I...nl..'. ten ..r twelve feet Lm... , ol a h^nU.tal le^.l, to tee.l ti.e stock ,.,..„ ;....! fjo,.. two to five l-eet l.i.l.Pf •l-al" ll'" <-'^""'^- ^ '"" av l°e ri.H.e "..I- a ,I.h.,1. an.l «cn,|,er,o,- .1,.. - el Jn.l l;an.l-l...n..vv, all.T the gmnn.l ts I..' .U.'t> n :;;,1, -he ,.l..,.ul,. l.....l.l.e.bn,.e.-,a>.clw^a. e i„.l.ne e or tte le the or.lie.a.v q.tan.i.y of ma,nM;e. D..nu2 1 l.e rontinnanre ..f rr..st the e.xrava-.on t^'.^*--^ 'i" ' " cnventenee ; an.l wi.e e w-.-.th.-a- ts s. , I e ,,o.-.lersafihv,l a.nple r< 'V,""' '"" !" „ ' . . ^ wav, the nrine is save,!, an.l the waste n.c.. it n Vins,&e..|.ievented. The cattle .h....hl >e kl,leo„stan;lv.vai-Udi,iwi,.,e,-,exce,.twhenle on f wat...-,an.l the yar.l IVeqnendy re,.le.iish. < vvith p.'. .l.vingexplaine.ln.y.m/1 1 ot pn,.-.ir.n.' am p,-P«ervn^g.l'e loo.l ol' ve.etabl..s, I .wll pr.-e.-e lo state mv practice h. li.e.ln,.' or appUmi' i . is -iven, eVery spring, tos.,.-l. h.>e.l .-...ps a.< wil do well upon .-oarse foo.l, (my vegetal, e hogs and coats.) These .are c,.rn,p.>lal.ies, riiia l.a-a,..eans, „„,1 cahba.M.s. Thes.. c.nsnme the '•""■>'••; l;"';- licles ofth.. manure, which wo.d.l hav.- h.'.-n lost dmin.' tl,.'. summer in the yani: while the ph.ii;;!., l,arr..vv, ami hoe era.licaie the weeds wl.i.-h sp.in ' IV...., th.. see.ls it s.alt.is. 1 he hner parts oVtl.; ,laiv pivs..rv.-.rin the sod to tmnrish ,|.e H.nall L'lains winch lollovv. 1 he .l.ing is M„-a 1 the land as .-v.nly as pos..|hh-, ..n.l i „,„..,liHt.lv Iiiri.ed '.mler with the pl..,.:ih. 1, islherel,; hetl.r.list,il.nte.ir.,r.l.e.i.-xtc,..p „.„ll,..,-o,.i;-s intimM.'lv miv.al ami i.,.;"rpoi-ale.l with thes.,il hv snhse.pieiii tillage. 1 1, ns, upon the .ta.a W... 1. 1 i>v\ warranted in assiinm.g, n larmer who ke.-ps twenty hor.s.'S an.l neat calile will .ihtam r,-o.„ his yar.ls nn.l stahles every spriii", two Imn.ln.l h.ads ol' mannr.', he.sii es what is tna.le in summer, and the prodnct ol his hoiistv. With this he may mainn-e aiimially ten or twidve aces of coiai, potatoes, &o,.iin.I ma- nineil well. An.l if a piopcr roiati.m of crops i, adopte.l, he will he able lo keep in :;oa.l htart, „„d pr..gie.>ively to i...|.r..v.-, sixty acres ol tillage ),„„l sotl.at .■ach (i.d.l shall h.; manured once cv.'iy fonr or liv,' years,..,, the return ol the corn and potato cr.ip. fcixtensive Peach Orchard. '• The l.uK^ls r.i.l. .hat ..rl,U|>nh.s h"- vai'h" The most .s.iperh peach ,ncha,;.l pr..!Ml.ly i.i ,,„ connirv. if m.t it. the vw.,_l.l, is d.al h.lon.- i L ,o M,s;,>. Isaac Kare IJ.ioh Ralgeway ol Pidla.lclphia. Itsh.c.ti.m is aOon t..rty-flve mtles Ud.,w that city, o,, the river a, Deh.wa,. city an.l contains npwards of two hundred a.ies I'e Near leait, were gathere.l lr.>m tins orchaid f,V/,/cfn thou.^and bMhels of nudtire fnut, ■nu\ Net „nlv ahonl one humlre.d and sevnU,/ acres w.-re iti hearing, ami twenty live acres of these hail not then reached maturity. err' English Mutton has been sold in Qnincy M;utet, hrooght hv the English steamers, at (ion. ^l' , lo ^tc.^,;/?!-^ cen,s per po.ii.d. C^--'-- Anier,..aii larmers take the iint? T''^?. ■" ,,oo.l reason whx A.oeiican M.moi; ^l'-"'!'! ''- •"- ferior t., that of the -..other land. Our sheep „«7heas^'oo,l-om- f.cililies for pasturage are S -and we n.e.f o-ily care and miormatton tt, , ,e iKisiness of r-aring and fatlenmg, to enable topnalnee an article in e^'eiy ;vay /q.""^ "f ot su'peri..,-, to that of England. O'lr ru, , o cheese, a.i.l many other farm prodncts ot oin con.i.r ., co.npete s„cce...tnlly wtth the bes of theirs ; an.l why may not our Mutton. Let la, in- ers try ami see what they can do. (r?= We notice in one of the English agricul- tnial pa|.ers that a gardner of that country has e.enlly'.liscovere,l, by acci.len. a "«^v ine hod of destroying caterpilleis, which is eftect-ial.- On lookini: over his grounds, one morning, he no ic^.l a piece of woolen .-ag, a.ihenng to sonte I t nshes, ami on removing it, found ,t to he tu 1 ot these nonl>le.s.m.e vermin. He .mine.imtely nbced pieces of the same .-.iihstance in his cni- Haml other hushes, and found, the next inorn- i,,,; that the insects bal taken to ihetn, miivei- sally, i;.r shelter. On re.noving them the vermin V e,^ easily .hs-royed. This hint is worthy the .erions att-emion of iVuit raisers, as .1 supplies a verv ..asN a...l etfc'lnal remedy agatnsl om ofth. ,„o"st fatil evils with winch they are ca.led t.. contend. A man in N..rtl.boro' inlorms the e.lilor o the I'lnn^'hman that his hov's have Ireqoenily been .ick. lie men-ions the .-ase of a sow that was i.nwell, s,nne .d' her progeny died, and in conse- ,,„ence he thinks, of the ba.l .l-al.tV .>! tl-Mi-.-th- J,.'.. ,nilk. Some ..fthe pigs also danl, -""'J '"f. lo which the disease .li.l no. r.;^-i ' '"■;;">,',' ':;'l down their hea.ls and staggered abo,... He says .be sow had been confined in a close pen, and |,,„l no liberty during the season ol partoriti..m, havimi- been denie.l access to .lirt and loam. As a i-eme.lv, he administered cnARCOVL, an.l .1 a :e,-v sliort\iine, lo.ind, ,n,,ch ... his sm-prise a^^^^^ .Ma.,fi.-ation, (hat tin- " p'^","''''-'^ 1 ,helV,e finally go. welkan.l he wisely a..r,lni tes .1 e.r ,e- CO veiy n, the amelh.raln.g effect o the chaix-oal ^?. lie na,.he,'.s milk. We wo.d.l say .o ..ur f, e, Is ,ha, l....hii.g IS -noie .leci.le. ly latal tosows nr,,.- the criti.-al feriod of gesta.i.m than rigi. ..o, fi,7en,eM.. If the weather is netther too ho ,„„, ,„„ eohl-for a.,.,..spheric temperature ts b.y „„ ,„ean.s t.. be .lisreua.-.le.l tn this n,alter-we lo.'ld advise that the ani I he s.ilU-.e.l to roa-n „, large. If a pie.'- "'■ l-as""- ^;""' :••"' ''^^ '.' " ,a Jahoim.ling i. b-akes, Ih.-lles, len.s, .V lelherhaNethe iV.e.l of M. Eia'ct a ties, in ..„„e c.nv.micit coro.-r or onl-..t-ll..-way place, „ndth.,.,elee,ll,.r--ifs,e,v.,,iir..s,l,o,th.-sea- s ■.•n,h-isit n.c,..s,ary, w „i. ...... I .• w h. I. ■ s.nne ali.i.ent ; hut b> all .m.a.is i;,ve her ih. ,„ivile.'.. of a /;•«■ m»,rf, ami bberty ot c U :.;,dg.,in...si-pl— , >">'--'>->7 "l^ sec.iretheheal.h..f -he d amU. g'>-»i !'»<-' of vigorous and lively pi-J''. Tmpohtant -See that vour barn.snre nv.-H ven- ,ih.d while V • Lay IS t-v. The. -.;- destriil-i.m of-b,.ihlii..s..ftl,is ''-^''1";'' '' , electrical contact, is, m mne .Nises out of te.i, I n.s,ilt of candessness in the non-observa.ice ot this important duty. |l.'r.).ii tlm (.''i..ipl'l<' I'^inner. Uisrascs of C.ittle. Cattle are apt to be hooen or swollen it) con.«e- qitenceof haNin-'.aien too mucli gi'.-en sno'^"- ''' Thc':«d volume -.f Young's Antiuls of Agri- culture prescribes the C.lh.wiu!: recipe for hoveii .•al.le, which it .states will effect a .mr.^ in the most ,le:;''"' nec.cd with the sli, between the l7;"-.'^" "^ ''?' fo,e or bi'lnnd li.e lo..i, ami generally jnst ahoyc •„. If in ,he hind f....i, and not easil.v handled a tblnoss may uein'rally be perceive.l, by stand g behind the an d. an.l ca.eliilly compaimg . m appetnance ..! the ."o feet between the dew- cla\vs and the h....(s, (li.r it vry rarely com- mences i.s attack on .no,-e than one loot.) In the fore h,o, it .eneiatly swells torwata ; and in tak- in tlielo..! the slit between the leads will generalU have the appearance of drym «, east y di.s.inunisiial.le to a person nse.l ... .-aitle • . n.l the animal fi.ap.ently licks the Iron. I'-'' "* "•- foot. Instances ireqn.M.tly occur ot sn.lden aiei extreme lameness, without any ap.p.'araiice ot heat or sweliinu m the fo...; au.l ihese ;"•';," 'Y' Ihe W01-. cases; hii. one sy,ni.loin rarely tads to a,.con,panv tl... di-.'ase, w bid, is exlre.ne resl- lessn.-ss and appeara.i d' anguish, alten.le.l Nviih loss of appeiii.. an.l fli'sh, but without in the least airecling .b.- briuhtness of .he .'ye, and, per- haps so.netimes nnnat.nally in.-vensmg .1 ; but the eve has a pec.iliar .-ast. As a general rule tl issalhst to attribute all lameness ol the lo..l which cannot be trace.l lo a sntficient c-.nse ...the hool- .,il I.am.'l.ess of the lix.t can gei.erall.N be .lis- lin.'uished fro... that of the le;:, hilS or sl.o.ild..r, hy'naking the animal step over a stick ..nail, aild carefully watching its motions. ^■Remedies. The f..ot sh-.tild be oarelnlly washed an.l .leanse.l an.l thoroughly examine.l. to be sure that .he 1 eiiess does n... aris.; from a nail casually rim into .he tVioI, or a prick m shoeiii", liom" a vvonii.l from a stump or oilie.- snb-lam-e between the hoofs, (a case In-qiienlly occiiniuL'.) If 1.0 appearance occurs ot any laeak in Ihe skin, while the foot is stdl wet apply •,s near as .nav Ih^ to the .•ei.I.e ot .he sltt be- Hveen th« l,o.."t:s f.vm one to tlnee giailis ot .■...- ,-os,ve slihli.nat..,(re.!nce,l lo a fine p.,w.ler.) the dose t.. be p,-..p..,'li.>iie.l to the size of the animal ;„,d .he viol..,..-e of the attack. Car., mnst be use.l tha. thepow.ler is pul ..ompl.'ley n. this slii, h.r it is a y.,y .M.-..,,..- po,.t--*l.ows „n..q..iv....al .signs of a gail.crnig which will '"'7lV 0/- rtc Crf. Mr. Lawrence, an Endish wril. .-. si.v.s. h. loss of c.i.l, " Le. the an.ina las some..,..;...! ^iv a "a"- "'ran or pollar.l „msh, with ro...l ha.N an.l warn, waiei- with .-alt. This tiea.nient alom y succee.l with patience, I «2:i)C iTarincr's i«onti)lij llisitor. Ill even sIiouIlI llie idjuv l>e nhsinicit il uiili ncnii;!' or crnli a|'|jlts. An .-ilocs' linciiin- iiuidt! willi linuidy and i;in|ier, i>v <-!i(]i; llie villaiiy ol Arnolil, and tli« cai.in r ol' the luiliirinnaie An- ilrc. It Ini iil.-ilics a }iii(h\ and intiMe.-iing account of that irniarkalilH aiul nitiral incidenl, in the .«ri'iii> 111' (he war of the rovoluiiun : Eiirad of a Idler from a irenlleman, dated Tappan, iMohcr'J, 1780. " \ on v>ill hi'VH heard helore von can leceive tlii.-i, of llie in/irnal \illany of Arimlil. Ii i.s nol jMis.sihle Icir linnian iialnie to reciive a ^.'leati-r quaiititv of f;nil( than he |io.-i.sesses. IVrhH|is there is not a Hiiijrie olili;fation, moral or divine, hill what he has liroken tliroujrh. It is discoiered now, ihat in his most eaily inljinc\, hell inark'd him Tor her own, and iiiHi^ed into him a liill pro- |ioriion of her iliaholieal malice. His late aposlucy is the snminit of his charac- ter. He hfiran his iie:;otjations with the enemv, to deliver n|> West Point lo iheni, \vnn hef;.ri; lie was invested with Ihi' rs(raw moiiniain, where Ue met Arnold, who conducted him to the house of Joshua Sinitli (the while liouse) within our lines, and only two miles fioin SLiney Point. They arrived in the house just before dav, and stay'd there until the ne.\t evening, when .Major Andre became extremely solicitous to retinn by the way he came, hut ihit was impossible, hirthi' two men whom Arnold and Smiih had seduced to briuir on shore, refused to carrv him b.ick. It then was absolutely neces.sary he should letmn to New York by land, lie ch in;;M his diess ami name, and thus rlisi'uised, p;i-sed i.nr p.,st ol 8lo- ney and Verplaiik's Points, on the eveoiii'/ of the 23(1 nit., in c.nniian} wiih the said Joslm:', SMiilh, liidlher to William Smith, E-ip, Chief Justii-e within iheBiilish line,; he hi(l;ied that nit/ht at Cron Pond, wiih Smiili, .-mil in the niornin-.; hit Smilli, and took the road lo Tarry Town, where he was taken by son.e miliiia lads about 15 miles Irom King's bridge. He otTered them any sum of money, and goods, if iji y would permit him to escape, but they readily deClared and infl-,Mhlv adhered to it, that 10,000 guineas, or any other sum, would be no lempiation lo them. liWa.s by this virtue, as glorimis to America as Arnold's iipostacy is disgraceful, lhat his abominable crimes were discovered. The lads, in searching hiin, found concealed under his stockings, in his boots, papers of the higbesi iiiipniiain-e, \ iz : 1- R''' >^ of the ordnance and its distributions at West Point an(l its dependencies. 2. Artillery (oilers, in case of an alarm. 3. Reiurns tribmi(in. (!. ."^i-.te of our army, itc, transmitted by Gen- eral Waslio-ioii lo .Arnold, ha- bis opinion,"which stale had been siibiiiiii, rl lo all Ihe general ofli(;ers in llie Camp, liir llnir o|iinioii:i. "Besides which it appears, that Arnolil had cmried wiih biin lo the interview, a Eeneral plan of West Point and its vicinity, and all the works, nml also paiiicidar plans of each work, on a large scale, all cleg.-mtly drawn by the engineer at thai (lost. But these were ijoi delivered to Majoi- An- dre, and from their re(piiring much lime locofiy, it is supposed they were nui lo be delivered until sunie future period. From some circumstances it apj)eai-s that it was not Arnold's inienlion to have deserted, but that he meant to be taken at liis post, which, from liis distributions of the troop-s, it was very easy to have seized. His Excellency the General, on bi.s return to camp, determined to visil West Point, and in pur- suance of that plan, was viewing some rcdoubis which lay in his way to Arnold's (pi.-u'ters. He liad sent our servants there, and Major Shaw and Br Dr. IMi-llenry had arrived, and weie at hi ESTII.JY voLu WKKus.-Eve.v Ian, ershouhl lie up and ch^mg, be active and vi^iilant in wagiio' n war ol extermmalion again.st weeds of everv !'•■'""■ !'!"l "^"V"- '■""" ll"' Canada ihislle lo the n.stj;n.hcc.mcli,ckweed, Uiaiissueh a grievous annoyanc,. m our garde,,, if v„„ h,.,VH not had linie to rid every pa,t and p,„.n„„ ol'vour prem- ises ai-oui,d your hnihling^, ,„„| ||„. _;i,|,,^ „,• ,|^p ;:"■• Pi'osile your land, Com these pests of the armer, now ,s your lime lo lake xonr scvilie or hoe and cii ibem down, to pr. vent thei;- g„i,|,r in seed and ielmi,ing you a hundred h,ld more ol t,oul,l.! next year. A double advantage may be gamed |,y doing this, if you will take the trouble to gatlii.-r then, up and throw them into yotjr hog yard. You will get Ihe thanks of your swine III the fmni of a number of addiii(n,al Ib.s ol pork in your barrel next liili with the traitor, when he received intelliiience bv letter of Andre's being t.aken. His confusion was visible, but no person could devise Ihe cause. He bijn ied to his barge with the utmost pi'ecipitalion, after having left word that 'he was going over td \yest Point and should be hack immediately.' This was about ten in the morning of the 25th ultimo. The Geiical proceeded to view the works, wondering where Arnold should be; but about 4 o'clock in the afte,-noon he was undeceived, by an express uith the papers taken on Andre. The apo>taie at this lime was on boaid the Vullnre, which la\ about five or six miles below Stoney and Verplank's Puints. Maj.Aiiclie was brought to tlie General at West Point, ami fron, Ihrnce he was bronjiht to this camp. A boaid of general officers have exam- ined into his ease, and upon his own most (randiil confession, weie of opinion lhat he was a spy, and according to the rustoin and usages of na- tions, be ought to sulfir d- atli ; and about two boms ago be was executed. 'J'his gentleman was of the highest degree of reputation in the British army, of the most polite and accomplished manners, extremely beloved by Sir Hemy Clinton. Mis deportment "while a pris- oner was candid and di.,;nitied. lie requested no favor, but lo die the death of a soldier, and not on a gibbet. I{i;;oious policy liirbid Loanliim a favor which at first flash seems b ateiial. Our arniy smii|. utilizes in l!ie mistorlinies of/Ziis Ckes- hrfield nf the urnj. IJiil if he possessed a ponio,, ol the blood of all tl,e kii,L.s(ni earth, jiisiice and policy would have dictated his dciih. The enemy from hints ihat s(m,e of the offi- cers dropped, appealed lo be inclined lo deliver Arnold intooor hands I(M- iMajor Andi'e. Putihey have since deel.ired ii was im|',os.-ible. ]f itconli'l have been effi-cied, our desire to "ei Arnold would have rendered the exchange ea.sy on our part. The British army are in the inmost affliction on the accomil of Major Andre and have sent re- pealed flags on the subject. Ye.-terday they .sent (Jen. Riilieit.soii, Andrew Elliot, ami W'iiliam Smith, E-(ps. ; the two laiier weie not permiticd to la, id. General Green met Gen. Roherlson ; he had nolhing maleiial lo uri:e— M.ui that Atidre had come o,i shore iind-r the sanctioi, of a flag, and ilieipfoie cm, Id imt be considered as a spy;' But this is not true, for he c i,i,e ai ni;:!,', had "no flaj, and on business totally i,,ei,i,,pMlib|e with ihe nature of a flag. He also said ihey should re- taliate on some people at New York and Charlc-s- towii; but he was told lhat such cm,versalioii could neither be hi aid nor iinderslood. After which be ur^ed the release of ,A,iilre on motives of humnnity, and because Sir Harry Clinlou w;is muchaliached to him ; and other reasons equally absurd. I have been particular in this na,,alion, well knowing what strange stories yon will have on the subject." The following is a Copt/ nf a letter from Mnjor An- _ dre tn his E.TceUenci/ Crncnil If'/ishiiiafoii. Sia, — "Buoyed above ihe fear of death, by the consciousness of a life s[)ent in the pursuit of honor, and fully sensible that it has at no lime been stained by any action, which at this seiimis moment co,,l(l give me re,no,se — I have to solicit your Evcelleocy if there is any thing in my char- acter w hich excites yon,- esteem ; if aught in my circnmslanees can impress you with compassion"; lhat I ,i,ay be permitted to die a ileaih of a sol- dier:- It is my last request, and I hope it will he granted." J have the honor to be, &c. ikl.-isl mai,u,e into the ha But if and a lot of good iini. you have a piece of land that is very vveedy, which )oii wish to till next year, movv them by all means, and let llieiii iav upon the ground 111, III they get dry, and then liurn it over, n llns way you will not only deslro\ the weeds, but all the eggs and l.irva of insects that may be deposited therein, and clean ihe piece and iire- paie it finely lor a crop of gi-aii,._.1/„t-„e Farmer. Sumach for Ta.v.m\g.— It is well known that the smnacli which grows wild ii, this Slate is useliil (i,r tanning, but that it imparts like hem- loik and oak bark, a dark color lo the le„,|,er, while the species of sumach brought fni,,, |;,|- rope or Asia is used for lam, i,,g sheep skins, and as we are informed, tans Ihe pelt without im- pirtiiig any coloring, and Ihereliue leaves its perfeclly white. Is there not some other vege- table snbsta,,C(;s growing abm,ilai,tly au,i>i,i: lis lhat will supply tlie place ol' this lin'ei-,, a,licle ? We b.ive no doubt tln-re is, and that if expe, i- iiients should be tried will, some of our plants it would end in the discovery of one that would answer every pnrpcjse. Wh'o will look it up.=— Maine Farmer. Rhubarb.— This excellent plant, which should have a place in every gai-den, is very easilv rais- ed, requiring nothing inoie than ,"i rich 'loamy siiuation. It is «ii orchaid in i,,inir,i„re, the stems of its leaves dftordiiig a sulistaiiee which IS an excillent substitute for apple.s, to make sauce or pies. T'te s, e made from it, is very wholesome and palatable, and will he a good preventive of bowel complainls. It IS .said lhat by stewing it with sugar and pie- par, ng it in the .s:, rue manner as tor the table, it may be bottled and corked up liijlit and preserv- ed till winter. Indeed, we do not see why it uiav imi be kept as long ns ap[ile sauce, or aii\ oi the b, r, ies that are preserved in this way, wiihoni h, um bmiled np. Some of our good" housertiie.- liad belter try ihe experiment.— .Wm'ne Farmer. Tar T!iK Sukips' Noses.— In Aiiijiist and September, and perhaps the hitler |iari of .hii\,a fly, which IS very Irohblesoiee to sheep, la\s eggs m their nostrils, which are hatched, aiid Ti,e young worms ascend into Iheir heads, where they become very di.strcssing, ofn n can-iui; dealh, im"- less some powerliil remedy be applie-' to cau.'e their ejection or ilcstruciio"n. The better vv;iy is lo prevent the evil. Tar is considered the best remedy. By tarriii" the sheeps' noses the inji,ry w ill be avoided. The better way to effict tl,is"..l:ject is to In tar on boards or in liongbs in a sheltered sitii..noii, and then strew on .salt, and the shee)i will peiforin the operation of smearing; ,»• lake a slick of timber, dress the upper sale, and bore ii, so„,e large aii;;er holes two or three inch, some s!ilt in these- hole inches deep, put and once a week, or of- teiier, pm tar around the edjjes of the holes. Sheep Miffi'r much from these flies at the lime Ihey are assaulted, and ihe\ often run will, their noses lo the gr,),,nd in order lo a\oid these vexa- tious flies, or they will run their noses into the dust when an o(pporiuniiy presents, and li.r this purpose some peisons p|(.u<;b up Ihe earth on spots often frequented bj sheep in hot weather. The .ipplicalion of tar, as here recommended, is conducive lo ihe health of sheep, oiherivise lh:,n by preveniii,g the evil we have named. It is good lor coldsand other disorders.— .Bo«toii CMivator. ^^mesmmfmam mnmrnm,M 112 ^l)C Jarmcr's jHontljln lUsitor. Potato Stakch.-VVc sc* il elated thit three puUK. starch lacluries are nbnai to he erected >•' » '*L\"^'" ;". Slark Me whirh witl prnbnbly consume 60,000 bushels if,M.ut.>cJ y.':Kly, 'Oicrc nrc t^n slarrh l..clnnes in Sotm-Tsry raunlv. Me. Shir<:h, hgJ.t comni.xl.ly as it is. will ion., no niconsKlenble article uf tran.p-.rtal.on m. the <.x,)rctcd r.ulr.KMl fru.n Biuln.jinn. Thuusands of tons nre now mriuiitacmred at ih,- nnmerous lactones in Ver- mont; and nyuch nf it finds its way by the c.rt:mtous route of Lake Champlnn, to Kudsun, ^ew York and Boston to Low<^tl. Nashua. cS^c.. where it i^ consuiued.— This at p.resent, .th.m-h the I-niiest way round, is the nearest wa^ il#»'nini*kot. — Muine Cult. Amkrican PKu'ffUCE -o.-s off in En-land at a rate ffraldnnc to ihe farmers m the U. S. Our surplus ot Beefand I'urk which is sliipped to Kurope, hnds n good market, and that IS every year increasing' in extent. In the monlh or April past, there were over lliree hundred tonsol" Amirrran Cheese sold in one cily in Kn;dand. The duly on laid hein<* hish hcrctofoTe. hns to some ex- tent prevenlrd lis evportati'Mi , ihe duty bf^niz now reinit- ted in Kniiland. uiU open a market lor lard, which vvilino onuhi be productive of" benelicial results ht the United Stales. __^ Important Improvkmknt.— Mt. Joel VV. Andrews, of JSorristowri, has tafcpu ta-^k siop> In re ; it is now a mere business matter, ready lo receive the developments of which it is sus- For these rrasotls, and d. -siring to employ my lime in new I research'i-s and experimeni?i, especially upon the siihj'Tt of ftran.tmuXatii'H ofdrud into living vegetables, a Irghly important .subject in agriruUurc, already hinted at m my work, but • ATil.ich i.' still in a prohlnnatical state, not reposing u|ion any -«oUJ basis; and to enable me n1.nmfr promises, to Inipalt the resiilH of these exp'-rinn-nts to ■the-stubsiTibi IS of mv " Method," I have resolved to cede my l|iaOe*f nnd " .Mcih.id," eithtr by Town, County, or by State, ' to .b^t/ifjle persons or to companies, on the most reasonable iterm-*.frtie price of wireh will be H\ed arrordini! to the agri .cultupal'/nportance of ih ■ Towns, Counties, or States. Every-Hircha-er of ili ■ patent for a Tow u, Ctnmty, or State, will be^-ntr-'hed with > irh uiiuihernf copies of the " Method," gratis, ability be agreed on. NoTt,— nine [latent right for fh ■ Slate of New York, (Long ■Island iuu\ HiKien Island exiepted ;) for the ten eastern roitn- ities of New.Jemey ; /i»r riederii: ccuiuty, Maryland ; and /er ■about fi>nytiiw»is in New I'.ngland, have bei'n ceded b>' me to several pmvoiis'nful ceunpanie*. For all other Stales and Ter • rit(*rieji 'in >tlie H'diion, I can now dispose of the pnlenl and ■** Method." rinrein ! prestnrtn tiew bramli nf industry to enterprising, ■int'dligt-nt. Bull notii'c nun. It Wtiuld be siipeifluous to en (large upon its -adviiriiagec, for it will be seen at a glam:e, bj' gierustnu dorumems, Mieniioned in the prospectuses, that my ••' MellifKi"" eujint* a high repulatiliich the result will be, if not talaHy unprofitable, al lea-t v. ry incomplete. There- fore, do not deceive yourselves, but be assured vf thid truth, that my large" Method" is to tins day, the sole work in ex- istence which contains the imjtnived and complete system, and 111 wliirb Its applicatiiui is renden-d easy and protitaTtb- in all it-^ brant Uleiu the greatest advantages and profits. For these reasons, thus.- who have fornieily bmight my small " Method," can have the large one gratis, by an applica- tinii at my tdfice, (post paid,) or to my agents. 'I'hose among you, who have faithfully tested the "Method" and obtained satisfactory results, are respectfully requested to coiuinuniciile with \\\it. To those who have not tested its ad- vantages, 1 reeomin-nd, by all means, carefully lo ccmform to the instructions contained' in the large "Method," in whicli ease their success will b.- iniallible. SttitemetUs and Explanutioii.-^ concerning the " J>/c(Ac«i," and the Rights attached iu U. Wh'-n ! first introduced this " Method " into American ag- ricnlfiire, I judged it prudent, for many reasons, lo publish at Iiitft but a part oV it ; enough, however, to enable the intelli- gent farmer lo succeed in the experiment. Before encounter- ing the expense required to publish in full the fruits of my la- bors, I was anxious to ascertain if this system would be well received and properly appreciated by the agricultural public— My expectations were not disappointed, that trial having been crowned with entire success. Thus encnuragcjd, it hicame my duly to per.severe, and to give you the result of all my re- searches and experiments. This you will find in my new work, which I can say with confidence, is the key w ith which you can, by the exercise of a little intelligence and industry, double tbe product of your farms ; for, in this work, the sys- tem is so much im,'.roved, its application rendered so easy, the whole so clearly explained, and so fully detailed, that if you conform to it-' prescripLJous and instructioHS tvilh scrupulous exactness, sttccc^-s is certain. In th:^ main, my "Method" is based upon that known for some time in France as Jauffret's system ; that is to say, I use the same materials ; for, in iny researches and experiiiR-nts it became mv duty to consult not only the small French pamph- let of Jau^ret, but atl other writings which have api>eared up- on the subject of agriculture, and especially of manure, in or- der lo txuacl from them whatever, by experiment, should prove good, valuable, and useful to the object I had in view.— 'J'he lUcTii of this new system does not consist eitlnr in the materials, ttr in their couibination. These materials have been known for ages as possessing fertilizing qualities, and every person at all acquainted with chemistry, knows that in mixing alkalies with animal matter, a mordant can be obtained which will produce ferm^nljtion in a heap of vegetahlts. This llien, is not new ; it is the numerous improveinenls and ainehura- titms connected with the application of these materials which give real importance to this new ysicm. Therein lies tbe re- al progress of the ml in the preparation and the application of ' ^_ 1.1. _ :_ . ;,.-.! ._:.. ■*!.«.,«,.. ...lit;,... ,.f these statements, because all iJiese ntatters have been agitated by the press as well as by private correspondence ; and al-*,-, that for the future, earb one may know lo whom lo apply in regard to this patent and " MH^iod.'* Vou should not Josl- sight uf the fact tliM all the copies of the " .Method" iitK .si-r,ied antJ .>'(ilc'i wail my ouri hand, — a m-^a- Kure I have adojrted lo prevent im|>osilion and fraud. ^ tali tu the Pfess. 0:^ Editors of aiiricultural p -riodicals, and of other papers having at least four hundred 1. inner subscribers^ are invited lo publish the above communicalnin ; lor which t-nlire inseitinn, and perhaps some other articles to be sent by me afterwards, I offer every one three copies of the " Method "; lo be delivered to him immediately after the receipt of his paper containing the whole article. Such editors of agricultural papers of which I am no* yet a subscriber, wiM pli-asi; to send ir.e tlieir paper, ar.d consider me as such. GEORGE BOMMER. Office 113 Grecnwicli si.. New York ciiy, July 1st, IS'JS. ^^ CONCORD WHOLESALE CASH PRICES CURREIVT. For West India Gouds ic Uekjceries, Flul'k, (^hain. I'fo- DUCE, Iron & Steel, Plasilr, Salt, Lime, &". fiiC. CorreUcd weeWv for Hill's .V. H. Patriot bv GltMORE &. CI r into the composition of the caustic lye, (which, ivllh the .lir, f..rMi lb-- two agents of f-rinenlation,) are fouiiil iipiin all farms, anil cost nothing but the labor uf g.ithering them. Concerning the patent attached t:» my " Method," it is evi- dent that It could only be graoied for th * iiuproveinent connec- ted Willi the a[iplicTition ol inaterials .-ilread)' known. Vou should know then, that the paleiilr-d process is of the greatest advantage to the farmer, being the most i( iiuical, and the most easily reduced into practice. It is also th • process now in use in every section of the rnioii. You should also under- stand, thai in'tlie patent this piocess is only ilescriheil in gen erni terins, anil tliiil, isolat"d from the " Miilhod," it is not likely to 1 f ali\ value. To iipply it with success, it is ne- cessary to have lu>' work fir a guide. According to an'agreeiiient lilween myself and my agents, Messrs. liaer and Wouliarl, the patent ua.1 issued under their name, and a part of it, comprising the riglit lor tlu' northern and eastern States, was immediiiteh cedi-d to me by them, which transfer is diilv recorded in lb • patent office, in l.ibir y\. page oH(l of transfers id' ]iateiit rights. Then by a second triiiislir, made to no- tbe i;ih Nov. lull, by Abbott, Ilaer and IJoiiliart. known as lb,- linn of Abboll .V Co., the reniaining part, rouiprising Ibe right in the soiilherii and western Slates, has also been ceded I , which Iraiisl'er is also recorded in the paleiil olHce, in l.iber S. page :iT:t ; so Ihit by virtue of these two aeM. the patent, issued uiiilcr the above names, now beloUg.J eiiloelv lo me. With rcgiril io the •' .Method " itself, ihal is lo say, the book will' h coiilaiii-; the direct ituis and instriiclioiis indispensable li; the farmer who wi-hes to apply tie- proce-iS ; iii a word, which contains the svslein coiiiplele in all its detuls, the properly and copv-right appertain lo myself ivilnsivily, according lo two legal acts ent.r.d in Hie clerk's olticc of the southern dis- trict of New Vork. Thus, these two rights, allboiigb disliiicl, are inseparable ; ihat is, th ■ patent cannol be prutitable lo any one wilhoul the '* .Method." 1 was cotnpellud to give these explanations and to make Porto Itlco...... 8il Porto Cabello, ...84 Old Goveriiinent Java,... Jl COPPERAS, -i FISH, Bank, p^qiiintal,.. 2,50 Pollock, 3,-At B.ay, -STo Old Dun, 4,.=)U .\o. I Salmon, lf>-blil, I4,U0 .\o. 1 Shad, it>-hlil, 13,01) Ton's i. Sounds, tl>blil, fi,on H.B.Filis,S*hlil, B,00 FLOUR, Genesee, 5,00 Fancy brand, * . » .5,50 tUlio, .\kron, ...... 6,-25 Spanliling, extia, — FRCIT. Figs R'lisins, blue mark,. Black mark,.. .>...• Box, hanrh, -2,311 FLISTICK,Cnba,P'ton, 30,00 Tampico,, 92,00 Ground, If*- huild 1,73 GLUE, Russian best, 17 American, II GRAI.N. Oats, 40 cents f- bu Corn, 63.^ do do bu Rve, fi-dodohii Bl-ans, 75'»1,.S0 Peas, ...50fd> 75 GRINUSTO.NES, Isl ipial- itj, nnished.l^liund.-a.M Do. do. iintinislied, 1.30 HERRING, r box. No. 1, ..30 .Scal.-il 73 INDIGO, Bengal, . I, lO-a 1,75 Spanish Hoat,...I,00rai I,.3a .Manilla, 75'ecl,23 IRON, Old Sable, 3 English, 4J Ban Us, refined, 4 J English, sheet, I) Russia, do 1^6)13 Old Sable nail rods, 6 Norwegian do t-J roinmon do A\ English hoop, 3 American do 4 Shoe Shapes, .\m 4;^ Sw*^des, shoe shapes, 5 LEATHKIt. New Vork Side Leather, Light, 14 (S) Hi Do. Heavy |-3.i«)15 LI.ME, Tlloinaston, fiisl quality, I,'23. Call Kiel I, do 1,12' LOIi\\'0<)D, St. Domin- go, llMon, 2-J,00 Campeacliy, 27,00 Ground, l(> liund 1,73 MACKEREL, No. I, ^ bbl 12,30 No. 2, I0,.30 .\o. 3 8,30 MOLASSES, Havana, 28 Surinam, 28 Trinidad, 'M Porto Rico 31 Sugar Iloii^e, .50 N.MI.S. Boston Iron Go's brand 43 Old Colony do 43 Wevnioulh Iron Co 4,^ Malileii 4.i PI.ASIEIi, H> ton, 3,50 Do. ground 10,(10 PROVISIONS. Pork Ex- tra clear tp»bhl, Iti.OO ('oiiiinon do 14,00 Extra .Mess, 18,00 Julv 31. 18-15. ..4\ Common do....>. 10,00 44 Butter, |J> ft, 8 'a 12 .4 Cheese, new- milch,. ..6 iSy 7 .^3 Four meal, 4 <@5 t Dried apple, best, S-'.-Sa 75 Lard, Viortliern, '...81 . .10 Do. siiuthei n 8 .32 TnrkejsJtChiekMis, hest,7 .G Goslins, besi, 4J Round Hogs 4tia>54 REDWOOD, ground, f* loiud 2,75 Nicaragua, jf* ton, 33,00 RlCt:, \* hund. best, 3,30 ROSIN, !»> bid 'i,m SAL.-EUATIS, first (pialilv,4 SALT, St. lUies, t* hlid. 3,20 Cadi/., 3,23 Bonaires, 3,25 Turks Island, 3,50 Liverpool, 3,25 Do. fine, Worlhingstun brand, [f* bag 9,00 Do. other brands, 1,75 SALTPETRE, crude 8 Do. refined, 9 SEED. Clover, northern,. .85 Do. southein, 7 Herds grass, ^ bu I,7.> SHEETINGS, prime ll»yd ..7 SIIl.NGLES. first qualily. No. I, pine, t* .M 2,75 - do. do. do. spruce, 1,75 .SHIRTINGS, 1<>yard CJ SHOT, assorted, 51 SHOVELS, cast steel, p doz 10,00 Steel pointed do 9,00 Iron do. best, 8,00 Do. common, 6,50 SOAP, Cast il.-, ; 11 While Soap, best 8 Brown, .No. I, 4 Family, S Extra, 0 SPICES. Cassia, in iiials, K S3 30 7 ...1,00 ...1,25 13 H II 12 ..7i .18 ....17 ....124 10" llavn- ..8 Do. ground Cloves, Oinger, pure, ... Mace, t> tb, .Nutu'ejis, best,-. Pimento, whole, .... Do. ground, Pepper, wlnde, Do. iiroiind, STEEL, Swedes, best. Sanderson, Mrolhers Co. cast steel, .lessop &c Son, do.. German, best, Do. common, Coach spnn-,', best sue Alls. Mrown na, very best, Do. 0 Do. do. best 60 TOBACCO, common keg,..G Good do ID Common box, 8 Good do V2\ Honey Dew, do. best, 18 Cavttidisli, *;;5 UUl<;iITOX .M.VKKET,— MosuAV, July 98, 18-15. I Report. -d tor tbe l);nlv .Advertiser Sc Patriot.] At Miuki I tllO lleef Cattle, 'J7U0 Sheep nnd 2(K) Swine. 40 net f C:\ltle uusidil. Pun K-" — ficr/" Crt«/e.— A small advance wns efleclcd, and we ipioie extra S5 75 ; first qualitv, $0 135 ^ §5 50 i second, §5 a $:. -r. ; third, $4 'i'. (iti $1 75. S/if/'/i.— Lnmbs from ^1 2.'> to $i-l; old Sheep fr«nn$l50 lo .*•? 50. Strinc. — OIiI Hops al -l^c for Sows, and 5 for Borrows ; Shonts, 44 nnd 5^0. At relnil from 5 to G^c. farmers Jlautljlg i^tsit^r, ^^~ CONDUCTED BY ISAAC HILL. "Those who labor in the earth are the chosen i-eople of God, whose breasts he has made his peculiar de^ohite for substantial and genuine virtue." — Ji^ffirson. VOLUME VII. CONCORD, N. H., AUGUSTS], 1845. NUMBER 8. THE FAKJIKR'S MONTHLY VISITOR, PUBLISHKU BY ISAAC HILL, Si SONS, ISSUED ON THE LAST DAY OF EVERY MONTH, At Athenian Buildiug:. 0:*?-General Acests.— B. t'.u.R, Ktcne, N 11.; Thomas R.Hampton, WasIhiiElon Cily, U. C; John Maush, Wash Ingtoii St. Boston, Muss.; Charles Warren, Briuley Row, Wurccdtcr, Mass. TER3IS.— To slnple subscribers, Fifty Cents, Ten per cent, will be allnweil (u the ptTson who shall send more than one siilHcriher. Tw.lve copies will be sent for the advance pay lt\fi\l of Ficc Dullars; I weuty-tive copies t'.ir Ttn Dollars; sixty copies for Ttccntij DuUurg. The payment in everj- case to be made in advance. Jf^Moncii-iiiiil .subscriptions^ by a re^rulation of the Post Master Onirraff may in all cases be reinttted by tUe Post Ma.iter, free oj postil:!C. , iO" ^" gentlemen who have heretofore ^ted as Agents are req'iL'Sti'd lo continue their .Anency. Old subscribers who conv iind 'r th;' new terms, will please notify us uf the names already on uur book3. LETTERS On Agricultnral ImproTement in England. BY I. J. MECHl. (These are dislrihukd, graliiitouslt/, by the fiiiler lo promote the ^rent and important cause of JVationnl Agricultural Improvement.) LETTER III. — Concluded. AS TO THE NON-APPLICATION OF CAPITAL TO LAND IMPROVEMENTS. It seems siiiiriilar that in this age of siipera- hiiiiilaiit ca|>ital and sii|iei'H(ioiis iiiieinplnyeil la- bor, there shoiihl never have been a coii- reiilralion of wealth for the |)ur|>ose ol'iiijprove- iiieni ill A:.'rii-.iiltiire. We have had coinpaiiies »itii iiiiliiiiiieil capital tor the wildest and ninst iiiiprolitalile srheines, as well as the most trivial. We lend wilhoiit coinpiinctioii onr liinidreds of niillioiisto employ the lahor and strengthen the hanils of Forei;:n Nations, who are now our cimii'fclitors in A>;riculture, Coiniiierce,anil iManii- fautiires, and wh" m.iy he to-morrow our great- est enemies in warfare. It seems liUe a national disgrace, that whilst we have had companies for almost everything, from a railway ton steam- washing and niilU rotn- paiiy.we have had no 'Improvement of our Native Land (^oiiifiany." And yet there is nothing so grateful as the soil — so satii — so permanent — so large in pecuniary amoimt — so honoralile and pleasant in pnrsnit. There may appear difficnities in the way—hut in what nndertaliings are there not? L'nder a well-.ii ranged Act of Paiiiainent, thousands of landlords whose mortgaged estates are now al- most an incnnihrance to them, would readily avail of an opporlnnity that would render their at pres- ent sterile laiiils vahiahle properties, inciease the capil.d employed on them, improve the condition and diminish the conipetilion of our farmers, re- duce pauperism and discoiitc-nt hy fnrnisliing employment to the willing lahorer without emi- gration, and keep in our own country and for onr own heiu'fit that large sum annually paid liu" for- eign corn. If there had heensiich a company, i, for one, would have invested my spare capital in it; hilt there not heiiigone, 1 havt rarried out individually, at no small personal Irouhle and thought, those improvements w hich I hope to see some day effected, as a matler of course, hv a «ell-regiil.ited charier of associated •■apiialisis, who will elters,l shall be happy to give lo any genileman interested ill agriculture. 'J'lie Plans and Designs are my own. The general ap- plication of tbe expenditure is as follows, viz: £ ». d. Draining. Fencing, Levelling, Ditching, and K.inds 2200 0 0 Barn, Slalihiii!. Tuiiks, Sheds, Y.irds,&c 2000-0 0 House and OlFiccs 1000 0 0 Machinery, Implements, Steam Apparatus, &c 500 0 0 Manure, Marl,&c •'JUO 0 0 £5200 0 0 The item for House has been objected to, but i have yet to learn that a Farmer is not entitled to be as well boused as a tradesman or manuliic- tiirer, and I am convinced brick and slate build- ings are ultimately much cheaper than board and thatch. 1 would caution gentlemen wdio may visit tny Farm this year, against raising their expectations too high, for although the land is all cropped and iloing well considering the dry season, I would have them remember that last year it was consid- ered the poorest Farm in Essex; that since Jan- uary 1843, we have cut eighty miles of drains, and spread their contenls(nasty yellow siiffloam) on the surface; that we have removed 5000 yards of banks and fences, filled up the ditches, cut new ditches (on the heavy land there should be one every seven or eight acres,) made new roads, cut down and converted between 200 and 300 trees, carted across the land 00,000 bushels of stones, 300,000 drain-pipes, 400,000 bricks, 200 loads of timber, slates, iron, stone, sand, lime, and huihling materials ; that we have removed all the old buildings, and erected new ones on a dif- Itirent site ; that everything has been out of or- der and out of time, and that all this was done in sixteen inontbs, without long fallowing a single field. LETTER IV. Sir, — Having in my three former letters dis- posed of the details of my Farming Operations, I will now proceed to consider. First, The imperative necessity of .Agricultural liiipiovemeiits in a national point of view ; and, how those Improvements can be most readily ef- fected. Secondly, The defects in the present system of Farm Valnalions; and evils resulting there- from to Lanillord, Tenant, and Counlry. Thirdly, The relation of Landlord and Tenant to each otiier in a pecuniary point of view; their identity of inierests, and the importance of Long Leases with Corn-rents. Fourthly, Suggestions for rendering the Royal Agricultural Society a standard and model of Ag- ricultural Improvement in every essential point. Lastly, Popular but prevalent errors as regards Agriculture, with a few general remarks. The existence of a supei tliious c.ipital, with a superabundant unemployed population, is a dan- gerous anomaly^threalcning, in its continuance, ultimate destruction to our nation. Luxury for the wealthy i'ew, ami poverty for the willing, but unemployeil many, must produce discontent, an- archy, and ruin. It is an alariiiing lad, that much of onr income is derived from the capital we lend lo Foreign Coimlries; whilst, in our own, we dole out grudgingly, in rales and in charities, a tithe of what ought" to be the just and well-earn- ed wages of the industrious, but not employed, Laborer. Ask the majority of your independent friends whence they derive their income? The wirlow will tell you, "I\Iy money is making a road, cut- ting a canal,or huihling a town in Americi'." The orphan will say, "Mine is supporting a civil war in Spain or South ,\mi,'ri(;a, or growing corn in Russia for the London market." Tbe ca|iilalist will report his strong-box full of bonds — ('hdian, Columbian, Peruvian, Mexican, French, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese, Uussian, Austrian, Prussian, and Neapolitan (some of which by-the-by do not pay interest or principal ;) but neither the wid- ow, the orphan, or the capitalist will tell you, their Money is profitably and deligbtfully engag- ed in growing liiod for themselves ami their (iiini- lies — in providing Binployment and profit for their fellow-countrymen of every gr.ide, from the la- liorer to tbe merchant. No! Agriculture has had as yet no ch.iims for the capitalist or speculator. We must reform, and ipiickly too,soi()e of our er- rors, both as capitalists and farmers. Tbe one lends bis money to strengthen foreign competi- tion in agriculture, commerce, and manufactures; the other sows uselessly and prejudicially more seed than the total annual amount of our wheat importation — the extra ipianlity sown actually di- minishing the produce to a similar extent ; yet all this takes place whilst we are complaining of superabundant capital and population, us if an industrious population could be too great. My opinion is, the more numerous we are the more prosperous we shall be, for we live by one anoth er. The denser the population the greater our power and our trade, provided we keep our CAPITAL AT home and AT WORK AMONGST ODR- selves. To ship off our laborers and our money is nothing less than suicide. It is giving away,eco- noinically and politically, the sinews of our strength; and Icall upon every man who has the welfare of his country at heart to put a slop to it. This leads us to tbe question, " How is this to be done ?" I answer easilij ; and point to my opera- tions at Tiptree Hall Farm, as a solution of tbe difticulty. If every capitalist ex|)ends, as I have done, forty-six pounds sterling money in improv- ing each acre of poor and indifferent land, the sum total required would be )Ha»n/ hundred mill ions. I need barilly point to the magical effect of this expenditure" on our trade, commerce, and manufactures. Every individual in this country would feel it. It is too grand and delightful u prospect to hope to realize. There is too large a mass of miscalculation, ignorance, prejuilice, pride, and long custom to be removed. Facts and results will scarcely doit; but reason and truth must prevail at last: and I look forward with hope that the wise, the patriotic, the intelli- gent,and tbe wealthy will exercise their influence by example and precept, to procure so desirable aresult. Agriculture is our sheet-anchor ; to that we must look for employment and for [irofit: it is a vast field for enterprise : it is our vital strength as a nation; and our pride of country alone should stimulate us to be independent of foreigners for the supply of our daily bread— the staff of our lives. In consitlering bow these improvements can be most readily effected— it is quite clear that indi- viiluals generally have sehlom tbe means, the ability, or the inclination to carry out a perfect system of Aricultural Improvement : it must be done by companies of associated capitalists, tbe same as our railways and other great undertak- in-s. 1 will venture to assert from experience, that there is not, in agricultural undertakings,o»ie- fdhe of the diflicully or uncertainly that attended railway operations. Rival Companies will be beneficial to the piib- lic by the protection of competition. General rules however, on fundamental principles, must be ob- tained by sanction of Act of Parliament: and 1 apprehend an examination of competent authori- ties would lead to a table of laws adapted to the 114 (ill)c iTarmcr's iUontl)!]) ilieitor. security and profit of the Shareliol,lfrs-,tlie bene- fit of ifie J.umlovvner, uiid tlie welfire of the Tenant. Mortgagers might iriiiisfer tlieir niorlgages to the Conipany, witli full authority to carry out ne- cessary iniprovetnents, oil coucfition of receiving froui the Coropai.y all hciiefits ovrr anil ahove five per cent, interest for the Company's c.ipital. Should the Lundowner desire a sale, the ("oni- pauy uould have the opportunity of piuchasing outright liy puhlic competition ; or the Landlord might have tlie power of redeeming his pmper- ty, on piiying the Company principal and interest tip to a period ol' snlKcient notice. In all cjises where there is not an absolute ?ale, Landlords s-liould have the power of redeeming their properly or trausfering it to another Com- pany, under e(|uit.ilile arrangements to liotli par- ties. The variations in renls and prices of corn woidd he no greater, on aii aviMage,than the fluc- tuations in railway or other shares. As to the tear of companies engrossing land, the same ohjeclioii catmot apply lo them as to, charities. Sharehohluts ijivcst for pi'ofi', and ri- valry will necessarily prevent oppression. • What Tenant wonhl not rallter trust to fair coir.petinu under, a Company than to individual favor, cu- pidity, or caprice, to say nothing of the uncertain- ty of i.idividual life. Liindlords would also benefit. Frequently now (I know several cases) a Landford, without agricnitnral knowledge, is prevailed upon, liy a designing or an iucouipetejit Tenant, who shows an annual statenjent of heavy losses, to reduce his rent, till he receives hut two per cent, for his money. I proceed to consider — The propritly of vnluing Improvements ; the defectn in the preseiit Sijaletn of J'riliifilions, unit its evil results to the Lamllonl, the Tenant, and the .Va- tion. JVow a bad Farmer is almost sure to get a ne« lease (for who is anxious to take it after him,) whilst a thorough good one is almost as certain to be tui'iietl out, ttt- have his i-ent raiser! — the Lnnd- loril being generally ready to avail hitnself of those improvements wliidj a wise Farmer is com- pelled to make for a iirofitnlile return. These in)provemeut.s are bonn fide his property, and ouL'htto he IclmIIv as much so as the coat on his back ; and it is a scandal and disgrace that they are not valued to'the incoming Tenant. Let us see, iu(acl,how it acts on the Landlord — I shall [irove cleiU'ly he is a loser by it nhimalely. The outgoing Tenant is obliged in selfdel'ence to starve the land and injure his crops the last fi)ur years of his lease, whilst it takes tlie incom- ing Tenant another four years to repair the ilam- age done by his predecessor; so that between the t.vo there is during' eight years less labor and ca[>ital employeny for them; .-md the seller (the Ibreigner) will not allow you to dictate to him how be shall take his payuien:, whether in goods or in money ; that is liis affair, not yours. The wdiole question of Foreii;n Corn Importation is, to my mind, uivial and insignifi- cant, as compared with Ihe importance of nation- al Agriinilluial Improvement ; and I hope to S"e the lalter occupy the minds uinl speeches of onr statesmen and oralorsto theexclnsion of the fiir- mer. I consider our dependence on foreigners for food a glaring and national disgrace, unwor- thy of our wealthy and highly civilized country. ■ Let us grow corn instead of timber, fences,and riibhish : wo ciin do better witfiont the one than tli(i (>ther. lam lold, " We must have timber! what should we do iu case of war?" I answer, '■ How do we get our tea, coflee, wine, and every other foreign article in lime of war?" So long ••IK we have money to hoy. and hearts of oak to defend and convoy onr purchases, Old Eiigl.ind can never fecf a want, nor waiit a markel to buy in. Resides, what a gross folly it is lo grow our own limber in corn fields, at a cos! of lour shill- ings a liiot (1 am sure it costs more,) when we can import it at one-third the price. A great error amongst Farmers is the desin- to gr.ispa large ipianliiy of laiul, instead ofcoilccn- traliui; their capital by improvement in a sii:!illcr cmiipass. One of the iiupcniaiit resnlls of my .-Uimeslious as to valniug and making iin|irove- ments, would be, lliat iiislead of i;(i lo .08 per acre being (as it is now on an avei-agc) a siilli- cient Teiianl's capital, doiihle that amount would be required, as on my liiriii. This alone \vould (iiid employini-nt fiir coiisidi rably more than one hundri'd millions of addiiimial capital, so thai, iu fact, when w»! bad dispr.scd of ,'ill our foreign bonds and securities, I doubt if we should have xw.iw money enough to carry ont entirely my practical scale of improvcmients, (;xcept slowly mill gradually. Some genliemen think the removal of fi'Uccs and ihrowing open the country would be delri- meiilal lo game. This is contrary to the proof: wherever land is tl.oidiighly clr.-iined and the lur- nip ciilture introdiiccil, so surely "ill game (if prolecled) thrive and incrc.-ise. Wet anil pasty undraineii laud is inimical lo game — particularly in n. wet season. Let Agricnltiue form an honorable portion of our gener;d edncalion — w liy should it nut ■ Let Tiill and Tnsser range side by side wiih Homer and Virgil. Then would onr nobility and geniry be independent of incompetent or dishonest stewards .and land-agents, and be able to appre- ciate those ofa niori; worthy character. Agricullii- r.il Fducation and .\pprenticeships for onr young Farmers are impeiaiive. Why should there not be as much niiiformily in growing a sack of corn as iu manuliictnring a piece of cotton, or hat, or coat ? How many a woitli^ person, retiring from the toils and turmoils of a busy city lo enjoy the trampiil peace of Agiicnlliire, regrets the want of agriciillnra) knowledge! — often are bis hopes and intentions frnslrated and his jimp- erty diminished by iiiterested or errotieous ad- vice, of whirh, till loo late, he cannot judge. — When I see Landlords making returns in rem (in my (qfniion an ii'jiidicions operaiion,) I think how much better wcuild it he to present their Tenants with an Agricullnral Library. Farmer.', iVum the very nature of their occiipalion,and their isll fit. ("III l.'HII J'lH L.\BORS OF A Locomotive. — Hon. Wm. .laclfi, son. one of the most practical railroad men il iMassaidinsells, has given some statistics of lb labor ofa locomotive on Ihe We>lern railroai which are interesting. Trnips of cars leave Uos i .?, "'"' '^"'-'"y every moniins, each tn.in cnr- lyiiis.' 100 loiis of (imirliim.lizt-, riiPMiiii- ;u .-in «v..r,-,.,r ,.,ae oC Vi ,„iles m, ho„r, or 100 n.iles ,, d.v M„-I,„l,n!j s,„p,,n.res. A l,.,r.se ,v„„l,l ..,„-ry J^OO n,s over ;l,„ ..K.untnins, 25 uuU-.s per ,1,,/. DivHie ti„. load of il.is one K,v/,„e liy ]'>00 uwi he nu„,l,..,- of ,„,,-se. fbr^5 7Mil..si„.,l„v's , loKllOO „Mle. each ,l.y. I|„,u.e the in.,. h.,..e ,s every day, fi„r o,- foul, doing the wo.li 01 woik of 668 horses. ^l)c iTarmcr's illontljlij Visitor. 1 ME Shoe Bus:,>f:s3 ,n Natick.-A corrcs- po„h.,,t of the Lowell Courier, writing f,-on, Na- niinii^' in that pleasant town, this l.nsi- uess I.eing la.-gely rarrie.l on l.y the inhahitants- Anrii'^i^J- h'^^' °''-^'""' '-"•'" ""^ '^'"f ■M"il, If-lo. tlicro wei-e niannfartiiiej in this own Ul4m) pairs of shoes ami 19,150 pairs of Loots, valued in all at ahoni .$420,000. The nnin- Vo- ' '",■■'•■"' «""l'l"yeil, 557 ; nnniherof females «a; n.akmg ,n all 1002 persons-all of tl,e,n' .owever, do not reside here. The a.nonnt paid' toi lahor, though notnsceiiained l>v the assessors cnunotheless than .sl2;),000; so' .list.-ihu.e.l ,s .Tlir I '^ '•"""l'-'^: li«i>ig §139 average to Thi.s l.,-anch of husines.s, second to none in the »'■> e in importance or a.nonnt, has increased vnh g.-ea, rapiduy during, the last levv ^ uti tlHs Phu'e. lu ]S;i;3 only fo,u- persons we e e S»ged as ..,an„f;,c>nrers now ilea.lv hf y are so ei.aged; ,|,en less than 70.000 pii,. oV loo't^ (man ■ ''" '"""^"^'-■""'-'1; "ow more than •30,000 pan-s are n.annliu-tnred. In l83(i-7, when 1 .^2 r )0n"" 7";" '"'"""«-'"'ed, valued at t...,-L(l n, 11,.. inanulactui-e of them. The husiness v.-.s .nnoduced he,-e al.oiu 1&30, so you ee h a ,s heen do„e „. , he short spae^ of 'fifteen year hvd f,;;«yo''7''''''':"'' ""'^ ''■•*^ "'•"' '-"« i-un- , , ' 1 i " '"" "'"■"^'^" iHindie.l, a,„l is now ■Mippo.^ed to he ,no,-e than seventeen hundred :::7.l;er3^:l-i;;tii^!-'-£'^^^ .^'ri!p;e,:i':i-':^,;ir:ir'= -- by those who receive the henelitsoZri,",^^^^^^ l.andl d wh „ has Jn': ";f' '" """■" '" "••^"^ "-" ">'■■ 'i '^i ; - ^-■"- • .*':':'^^^^^ ".-.-urage, wi!;:;;: has olien given ,„e g,-eat pain. J have e.nM|ov,.d '" I'O co,u-se of n,y husine.ss a g.eat man • in ■ ■■""I lean.s, both with oxen and iforses, and J ne V- "lio t more' labor at le.ss ™C 2\ with ■"' '"' '""^'^ ^ *""';' °'- ^^'"^'l ^i"' - large a load .ore ease to hin,self; ihan by uSh;,; y , u ' Ini "ll^e'l''''^^^'?''^^ "''f' '°'-'^-"i"g "^t "''^ ^ -A vvl„pp,ng method so much p.ac.iselio.r .:;'',!, T' '=''<'•-">" '<=■•"" ""=m to d,-aw well '""' '''"I'PV'.f ,"'e'l'"<' so much piaclised in our ;:oun tiy. All the diffl-i-ence with 'hese people s, la be one m.de,;stands ami studies the nature and d,sposition of his animals, and the other does not. An even temper a„,l a steady ha,)d' ought to he the leamster's tuotto, the world over" Ibefolow.ng valuable observations on the subject of breaking steers and colts are extracted rom a communication written for the NewEi,.'- and Faruie,-, -hy M,-. J,„„es VValke,-, of Frye- u;:;;';^iL';: ii^'"" '^"'''^''<^^ ■" ••- •--■■ ->- I call niy young cattle calves till they a,-e one From tl,e Complete Farmer. Oxen ^wa,.l hut none to lean, then, to push hack- wa,d. To ,-en,edytl,e occasion of this thumn- .n.^ and the delay, which is always disa^eeahle as It IS calle.l, and lo draw forwaid, I place their on a ca,t where the land i.s descending i a fa 'l^firee. ]„ tb,s situation ihev will soon li^ar . ".; ease to bad< it; then I place them. r:. el o l,.,(.k a cart up la^nl „ ||„|e ..j,, , ■avn.f; no load in it ,|,„s ft,. When have learned theni ,„ stand „p to the toujue as I ! a £ I T: .'7\"".<""Pty cart, I nex? eithe, ,nu a s,„all we,!fht ,,> rdo ^.,... „.. .„i._ .. ■ i'"t ^d ox, acconliu. ,o Dr.\):;^u^, aiVih^e : tllicK neail, glossy, s,.,ootl, horns; la,-ge and shaL'°'^'^ '» »et weath- ri,e following ,-e,na,ks on the management of W,.,,. oxen a,-e from the N. E: Fan,~^^ "Do no, ,-eta,-d the growth of your beasts of b^N, han wlule young. But the" yonn 4° they ^I'rn^rX^^'"""'-''''''^ n,o,-<^ d^c;;: 5 ■ v,i, ge,ie,ally hecome. ■ "An Eughsf, writer recommends cardin-r oxen ,;l,'ays: ',l,eo.v, af.er the sensation K?,^ ""I''!;-, -eceives pleasu,-e fion, the ope.-rti m «.l wdl mo,„entarily fin-ego his nieal ti rece ;' -•e bill eujoy.nent. His Ite.ler perceives ,|, ad hr,^ .es the part which giv,.s !,,e no p ' .' r-.TI;*^ ox -shows his g,-at„„de by wa-o i, I ^ 'a,l ; the feeder in return calls hi,,; by .T^rme" "I n,gra„ates bnnself with h„„. Thus not",?' anuitimacybuta mutual affection is for^::;, |:2:ji';;:rthe::.t::,Kd-s^r!-^^ ■'Mf'irai^'^ik^Tihri^s;;:^^! "' I'and, and the shoulder hau,lle mellow f I nm",'N".^' '"'T»" ""' "^""■^' >""' ''° ""^ ''■•'^■ "leuow. Jt , un all over the i.asture for horses ; they can year ohl. Thave a'^litlle' yoke'made with a s,-„;i; I „ 'Zl'u ."7"."" ,«'"l"y and ring in it. J ,ell ,ny-|„„e bo'^t" y^ke ip ht' ' n/,'^^^^^^^ '="- then, wh'e,e tbeirca|yes:asmallboycandoi,;a,,ditisqute .niose Thtis i, i^ '"T"' ''r^''^ ""^ ^^"'"^ a imstune to then, ; they being so .^oung, are n u o >ack well ,n , 'T/'"'^' "'? "r"" ^^ ''■■'"■'led luir tf.nr lio ^o.. ..- ,• "^t . •• ) .y "^' ^ vveii, citKi Know liow to flu ir, wliicli hy a Till oxen are four yea,-s old they are nsu-illy so'!^ n"" /" "'i"'",' ""^ ^""'"^ ^° >"""?■'. ="- ' o t obackwell ,',,'!, T/'"'^' "'? "r"" ^^ ''■■'"■'led died stee,-s; afterwards oven Tl,^ !l , ■ ""'" '"" '''=" ''" "-an manage then, w ,h ease • lliile ,,«„ ,r , ''°*'' '" ''" "' which by a .od o.v,acc.;,..li,,,,„D,. DX;a,e Lsf H.icl" wir''""',' f'^'^"'' '"'^ — -- 'o drive Ue„' y , ,e -T'lb I "' "'" "'""' '"'■^''- '''"' wi.h,andthereisnodimg;;.o,^;,, I, ,' r,^ ^ X,=' 1-^ , ,, ....,., „„i being hm-t. When be can drive theu.^vl ere I e to lack -^ oa Iwl '"'' '""' ''■"i"'"'^y »« -ant wishes the.n to go, which will soon he the case car I nnd ho! " "r "''""' """'^ "i"' «"'• .0 will In.ch them to a small piece of wo,,doi'. ^,,;.',,r'T riy'"^'''"'?'^ "'^ '° ''"^^ il ni wmier put then, lo a l,.^„'l...,,.,, ., ': '" '"attie fiat k well, why should we not learn I.em for the tune when we want them hus t" layout their strength .= Besides, it save ,1° :":^^j;::i:Xnr-snr;;-rt'i"''^'''^ n.lmare,rainedwh;;;';o.mg'-m:^^.:o:^|rS lahlo and obedient, which adds u,ucl, to iheir w ill, Ui"^., . ' ^":^V' '"'til Ibey will hack Il Ml winter put then, to a baud-sled, aud dnve round w,th that; they will soon becon.e docile J b,ne ,s no trouble with them afterward, espe- c.al ly ,f they are yoked a few times the LecJnd wmter; ,t makes then, foud of their mates. Ox ,,K. ,1 , , , y. -■..,.... ..s aie much ino,- pliable and ohed,eut, wbi.d, adds n,ucl, to iheii value: .stee,-s that r„„ till they are three or four years o d are dangerous animals to encounter with; they aie always running away with the ca,t o,; sled whenever tl,e,e is a chance for then, and often .ser,ous injury is the result. I wonhl not ieco,ninendwoikiiigsteers hard while youii.r as It would p,eyent their growth; there is a dif-' ference between working them and barely tiain- ing then,. ■' "Colts I begin with very .soon after they are (oaled; the ma,-e should be bridled and led to Ihedoo,-, and given a little salt. When the colt IS one or two days old, take him by the neck, handle l,,n, genily ; he is then so youni' that be IS not al,a„l, if his dam is near by l,"in, ; continue tb,s p,-aciice, and he will very soon hecome foud of bis owiie,-, and will come on i.u rpo.se to he handled after two or three weeks. It does not burt the mare or the colt to use her moderately if .\ou want to goto meeting oi, the Sabbath Harness lhe.ma,-e into the chaise or wagon, and be the colt to the ai-n, of the cuTiat'e : he may be a htile obstinate at fir.st, but in going a few rods w,l| he peaceable and very orderly ; ifthei.e are many other horses about, your coli is always Willi you : if you want to stop at a place any tinle let yoi.r colt loose ; he can be taken again without difhculiy, and hefo,-e you sla,t off tie your colt agam ; in this way there is no troid.le o"f the colt lollowuifi- other horses away. When they be with ease any reasonable load, and I would ..ive [a ve,y cons,deral,le sun. mo,e fbra yoke o fo'ven tlHKs tutored than for a yoke not thus ti^iiled " O.xen so,net,mes contract a had habit of pul- nigorhanluig agamst each other ; and some- nmes crowd each other, so as to render them ,1 nost entirely useless as laborers. It is laid I at ly tniTung then, out to Vee,! i„ the yoke the w be'h-ibits'ofV'll""""',' "'"' ""'^ '«= '''■^^'^'> "f ti,e fiahiis of imllm^r and c-owtUnsr. Theory of Dew. Notwith.standing ,he ,-esearcl,es of D,-. Wells and o,he,s upon the subject of dew.s, there a e niany who s,il remain either in total igni^rane ,, ,. ' j;''";'^;'''«« "^ "■« deposition of the mois! n,e calle, dew, or lol.l lo the old theory that t IS canse.l hy the ,nr alone becoming colder. The annen, (,eeks observed the fi,ct,^hat dew was ilepos.ted m clear nighis and not in windy or oudy ones, and eye,-y ba,-efooted boy who goes It ea,ly m the morning knows that 'it is inuch moie abundant on the g,ass by the ,-oad-side than It is i-pon the sand or g,-ayc:| i,, i|,e ,-oad it- .sclf. D,-. Wells, of England, made many evpe- rnnents upon the subject, and fro,n the fiu'ts thus ascertained, explained the cause of the phenome- non in a treatise which he published some time ago. He ascertained the cause of the dei.osit of n,o,stn,-e m the foru, of dew to be the radiation co.ne old e,io,,gl,7o;%^e;-vi;e;>o,,'dr,;'ot' liTve''to whi ''ir:i'"" "^ ,"'^ '-'■■' ""''''-1 Kv the sun, rnn all over the pasture for I orses t ey can a I n , . T"'" "'," 1'"'"'''^'^'^ °^ "'" '''«' ^°'"e 1 loi nor.es , they can a|- 1 „, contact with it and causes the moisture which 116 ^l)e JTarmcr's ittinitl)lii Visitor. was in the warm air to be condensed. It may be well for tlie better understanding ot tlie tbeo- ry, to state in the first place, tl.at as all bod.es e- ceive heat more or less easily, so tliey part wiUi it or radiate it more or less easily, borne bodies will part with or radiate the heat which «l'ey l'- ve received, as fast again as other bodies. Hence they become cooled before the others. Wa m air will hold more moisture than cold an. H'e'e fore the body which radiates heat '.-'f «''''/^- comes cool first, ai.d cools the p-nticles of an which surround it, which deposits the inoistuie or dew upon it first. Grass parts with its caloiic or heat much faster than sand or gravel, hence it has more dew upon it. The following experiments may not be unin- teresting to some of our readers. After a long period of drought, when the air was very still Ld the sky serene, Dr. Wells -^l^f'^'P '^ Bky, 28 minutes before sunset.previously weighea parcels of wool and swandown, upon a smooth, rnprinte.1, and perfectly dry fir table, 5 ee long, 3 broad, and 3 feet in height, which had been placed an hour before in the sunshine, in a huge level grass field. The wool, 12 minutes after sundown, was found to be 14 deg. colder than the air, and to have acquired no weight. The swandown, he quantity of which was much smaller than hat of the wool, was at the same time 13 deg. colder than the air. In 20 minutes more, the swandown was m deg. colder than the surronndmg air. At the same time, the grass was la deg. colder than the air four feet above the ground. 1- rom such experiments, he established the proposuion that bodies must become colder than the sur- rounding air l)efbre they become dewed. lie also explained the reason why there was no dew in cloudy nights. It is because the clouds act as reflectors and throw the heat back again , in the same manner as the bright tin top ol a tin baker throws down or reflecis the heat down upon the bread. A blanket or umbrella put over any body would prevent the dew settling on that body for some time, although it was falling air around it. , , , . On this principle, vines and other things aie protected from frosts, by putting a blanket or covering over them at night. Frost is dew frozen. By putting the covering over the body, it reflects heat back, and prevents for some time the de>v being deposited upon what it covers. He is rendered somewhat brawny by the sun, and his hands particularly wear the appearance of lalKjr ; but while earnestly engaged in his va- rious improvements, inhaling the fiesli breeze, he becomes robust and healthy, anoon full of salt, two large spoonfulls of sugar, one quart of milk, and biike by a steady fire, in tin or earthen pans, two hours and a half, so thai the top shall bake brown ; then with sweet butter vou can have a most sumptuous repast. It is a Nantucket dish, and in corn season is as much the ruling dish as are buckwheat cakes in their time. Try it. — Genesee Farmer. Meteorological Observations at Concord, Taken just before sttfi-rise and 3 o^cluck P. M. BY A. CHANDLER. 1845. Wmi. Q S Clouds. Character of Cloiids^ etc. T. 1|48;29.G5 ml .63 W. 2 53 T. 3 63 Harvesting Wheat. A correspondent of the Journal of Commerce, 55 S. E. 59 E. 58|S. E. (i4 N. E. 84 lie .,„63 .53'71 .OOlCB .63^70 N.N.w 0 N. w. a _ 0 N. W. 1 N. VV. 2 N. W. 3 .(i3'|72 N.N.W.2 ,6b'73 n.m.w.3 .78] 07 .74175 .00:70 .50 80 .49W7 .36 88 .39 77 .47177 .41 70 .38 78 .43 74 .44 1 80 — 10 drizzling riiin. — 10 drizzling rain. — lo'showery. — 10 1 showery. — 10 raining hard. — 10 raining hard. — 0 clear. — 5 cumuli-stratus. Amount (if rain2.75 iu. F. 18 A correspouuciii V.I i...- -« ,. „ • a writing from Geneva, N. V., describes a farming S- operation thus : , . , • .■ i " " In the course of my travels in this section, 1 found myself at the residence of Mr. John Dela- field, late of the city of New York. He las a splendid farm of about 400 acres, heautilully sit- uited in full view of the lake and the city of Ge- neva He raises this year 100 acres of wheat, which is fine, and will probably turn out 2500 bushels. He was in the mid.st ol harvest, and had already gathered about GO acres, and what is still more wonderful, this has been done without the aid of cither cradle or sickle. He has a ma- chine, sent him from Maryland, /vhicli is the most ex|ieditious reaper 1 ever saw. It is driven by two horses,— one boy to drive, and a man to lend the machine. Both of them ride. The horses are put upon a (piick w.-ilk which sets a number of cutters in motion, and the wheat tails back upon the platlbrm in handsome order, as fast as the machine prouresse.*; and when a (luaiitity accumulates sufficient for a sheaf, the man in altemlance shoves it it ofl' with his rake. ll tails smooth and even upon the mound, and another is iinmediatoly formed ; and so it pro- ceeds without any trouble or ililhcully, until the 100 acre field is" finished. There were eight binders accompanying the niaehme, and it Ire- frequently had to he stopped lo allow them time to get out of the way. It will cut 20 acres in a day. I have never seen any thing in the nia- 1 chine line work more comphlely. It certainly will prove of the greatest iililiiy to farmers, hoi h for expedition and cheapness; it can now be ob- tained for about IjilOO. It would amply repay some of the seilentary men in Wall slreet to take a voyage by railroad to (Jeiieva, and see the in- dependent and business-like manner in which Mr. Delafield comlncls his agricultural concerns. 19(50 _ 2 cumuli. N.N.w. 5 cumuli. — 0 clear. — 9 cirri and haze. N.W.IO cirro-stratus. N. W. Sicirro-stiatus. — 0 1 clear. N. W. 8 cirro and cumulo stralu — 0 clear. N.W. 8 cirri. — 2' cirri. _ 2 cirri. — 3 cirri. N.N.w. 5 cirro and cirro-stratus. — 4 cirro and cirro-slratus. W. 5 cirro and cirro stratus. — 4 c.irro-stiaIU3. — 3 rirro-cumulus. — U stratus. W.3.W. 1 jw. 8. w 10 light shower at 2 o'clock. 0] — oldense tog. S. 21 W. 3|citro cumulus. .70 09 .77 76 .79,08 .CO 81 .50^74 .46 1 88 .30 79 .26 — 0, light fog, — 4 cirri. — 8 cirro stratus. S.W. lOUll sorts — showerat4o'clk — 0 clear and fine. N. W. 2 cirro-slratus. — 4 cirro-stratus. N. W. 6 cirro and cirroslratus. 0' — Ofot.' and haze. SI. 3 S.W. 9|Ciiiiiiil"-slrii!U3. S. 2 S. W. 7|cirio-slral ,00 70 M.2B 54 78 T. 29 51 |76 W.30 64i l8fl T. 31160 1 76 S.W. 2 _ 0 N. W. 2 _ 0 N.N.w. 3 ,. N. VV. 1 j-0 N. W. 2 62 N. W. 4 ciunuloslratus. N.W. 10 cirro-stratus. ■ N. W. 4 cuinulo-slratus. N. W. 8 cirro-stratus. N.N.wlO showery. iN.W. 2 stratus. N.W. 5 cuuiulo-stratus. — 0 line. •0 w.s.w. IN. W. 6 cumuli. _ 0 _ 0 dense fo] 0 — 0 clear. _ 0 — 10 .34,73 .50177 .- cirro-stratus. N. E. 9 cirro and cumulo strains. .\'. W. 2 cirro-stratus. 'n.n.w.O cirro-stratus. — I cirro-stratus. N. W. 5 cirri. 10 stratus. S. E. 9 cuniulo stratus. S. 10 stratus. W. slcumiilo-str.ltus. Rained on the lu^l. second and third days 2,75 inches-four- teenth dav there wa.s a light ,.prinkling-seve.iteentl, a hm. shower at 4 o'clock, P. M., (two tenlhs ol an inch)-tHe IJ- seci.nd, a lillht shower in the night, (one-tenth of an iniM)- thirtieUi, light rain, (ahout one-tenth of an inch.) I-'roin the Farmer's Lihrary. Ou the Preservation of Ileulth. THE OOOD Kt-KKCT OF KRLliOENl ll.iTHINO. With the mercury at 00 degrees of Fahren- heil, what can he more natural, than to spend a lew thoughts on the means of counteracliii'j; the ill effects of such excessive heat ? And how can ihis he belter done than by liequent ahliilions ol the whole body, so that cvuiy pore may be kept open, and free passage given to mailer which the .-iys- leni rejects and would fiiinlliiow idf by perspi- ration. We wrile in the fill! pirsiiasion that balh- iii.r is too generally negjccli d ill the couiiiry — eillierfrom want ol thoiight upon its importance, orwunt of convenience for its enjoyitient ; but with a litile trouble such convenience might he provided, wherever there is a good pump, or y better where theie is a copious spring ol walei The facilities should not only he afforded iml those who have charge of lamilies should make it a point to see that they are availed of liy everj member under his control. Ask the laboring man, him who labors with mind or body,and wlic is accustomed to being daily,or very Ireqnently re freshed with the shower or plunging balh, wlia would induce hiiiito fmego il? Rising in the morn ing exhausted and languid from the effects of op pressive heat, he comes out from his liath invig orated and capable of thinking so much closei an.l working with so much more alertness an. satislaclion, that he would much sooner rehn quishoiie meal a day than g-irc vp hxs bath.- He only who habitually ei.jo\s it can estiniate th privaiion when no means are to he had for tli indulgence. ,. , , . .■ . ... Those who have most studied the art ol ]n^ serving health dwell upon cteayihness ofpersou,- next in importance to be considered alter air or "riie happiness and success of every farmer d pends so much on the health of all his househol Ihat under the most fervid heat that has been it here for tlie last ten years we do not see that v could better devote the space it occupies than giving to his lierusal and reflection the follow ii paper, which seems lo contain about all Ihatne be saiil on the subject of it : " This is not a mere matter of decency. H one of the positive commands arising from t iconstilnted 'order of things. »«>'•"""'; 'im-l'l that every thing that lives, vegetable or a ima wasting while life continues; and that all whi Tsent forth through the millions of openuigs the skin, has run its round, and is lileless . a Ihat ttioi-e than half of all the food taken con forth in this manner. If perspiration, sensible a insensible, he permitted to rest on the s k i , • stop the way of that which is coming, Naiur. ofliinded, and will show that she is so. ^. neglect is one of the causes "' '""^f ^'•- .„|, n.a was probably well known to Eastern n itt. .iuce it was part of their religions .Inly to clen the skin. These nations were 'Si'o™'" °/ modern comfort of wearing a garment nex the skin which can be iiequently changed absence of this comfort was one of the cause those dreadful diseases of which we '•'•'I., which are unknown among Christian nai on Tl There are classes of laborers and niechar|,' whose health would be preserved and their prolonged, if they knew how much tlepende r. periodical cleansing. I' "'^y '•^. *^"'^ ! ;;; , 1^ is a connexion between cleanhne.ss and m H feelimi. Perhaps it may be going too far to ha those who habitually disregard cleanl.n , ,„., prefer to he dirty, have •"> ■'"""I l"^^^/ ' hut it may he truly said, that those w lio aie , allv sensitive are the more so from respecting vii^Uie. There is a close aftimty '---'V;'' dei.ravityand physical degradation. The e poor are alwas shockingly hlthy : the de... ■icharn visited by wor.se penalties: the ave clean garments ; but what can wa.h a he impuritres which vice has -a"; '.' l-/ themselves ? It is not for one's sell '"'>''•" ably can, an.l do obtain their respect. C ear cosily garments may fall very short of do nSJ i," the seen that they area cuyeriug tor he ect of this important law. Il there he object to the hunmiieye,it IS a clean,, leai- heallhlv, inno.-ent, nea.ly-clad, '; H I - There are finv children who may no , i ey he neativ dresse.1, for this .h.es not .je % that of' which the dress is made. 1 1- >^* •ewer who may not have a. •.■ar skin, and ook, if thev are properly ^'^' '^"'^ ^'Z'". Thcie are none who may n..t hay;..' io^i 0. Sin' 2W o(» \0 lii: iiii lie 111 lav tif l/V on lir er ll" i" fir mil 111, f" m el, y Olli ski an |1K |U5 er nni ri III! ill! i" llll „„•. 'Theie are none Who may '"" "» ;, j ' "kin- H.r we speak to those who are ohl . I o i, d. 'e Ibr .hl-niselv..s. An.l let it be ..dJI] ;;:&hice,n.m,, that, in obey mg ...;.£ lo lie ;"i;"an:.h..y are pei^-rming amoral, I... ,,,.„,,.,.,i„srittlieyareii.flicliiigan eul on selves in two «-ays-fiis., in .Imun.shii. «'l own coml'ort ; secoiul, others." in losini: the estet P,,rnc;r.|.hs from the Albany CuUivatm. -I F.NF Pr.KDLINO STBAWKEBRIES.-Whl ili,,, ..,irlViend.lohi,.I.TIiomas,atMa<-ed ;;.':posed«visit.oPalmyr«,forthepnrpo^ ^\)t Iamxcv5 i\lo\\t\)[\) bisitor. 117 rxriniininsr ii bed of seedlinir Alpine Slrawhcrries ill thf fiitrdcM of Col. J. S. Swdilard of tl);it place. Col. S5todd;ird lias directed uiiidi of his attention fill- .several yeuri patsl to tlie cultivation of the slrawlieny. " Some years ago, he raised alioiii aOOO new seedliniis from the Alpine variety ; one of which, a red variety, he selected and lias .since increased, which he re;;arded as the finest of the whole. The {.'romid now occupied liy tliisseed- . liiijr i.s ahont tiO feet s(piarc, the plants standing in hills fonrteeii inches apart. We never wit- nested so fine a display of frnit. The .Alpine .■;.niulierries iisn.illy hear their fruit ahove the leaves; and in this case the masses of red her- ries presented so lirilliant a glow as to he con- spicuous at several rods distance. We tiieafnred some of the fruit of ti.is variety which was one inch and a fifth long, and mme than three quar- ters of an inch thick. Many specimens were alioiit this size. 'l"he ground on which they grow is good garden soil, not rendered iinustially •ich liy inannre. Col" Siodd.ird estirn.nles that he will be able to ick from this plantation of sixty feet square, hirty-five linsliels before the strawberry season s over. From this and aiiolher smaller bed, he as taken two bushels of ilie liiiest fruit daily, lid he thinks he will continue to gather that iinionnt daily till the first of Aueust, when he Moposes to remove his plants tor the purpose of iicreasiiig them. He sells them at $4 per bush- lid, or twelve and a half cents a quart, about one lalf the usual price of frnit of that quality in mr cities. He suffers the fruit to remain on the talk longer thaiiusual, or until of a dark inahfig- iiiy color. One person, with diligence, i.s able to ick two bushels in half a day. This planlatioii was set out in the early part of ast August, and now the plants completely co>'- r the surfnre of the ground, which is kept clean nd well cultivated. ,»Col. Stoddard showed us some young seed- ngs, oljtaiued from seed planted last summer, nd transplanted this spring. They were very mall, the leaves being scarcely more ilian the narter of an inch in diameter; anil young ex- 1 limenlers would probably be discouraged at he nmsel, were they not to know the small size L) be expected in young seedling-^. Crops in the Wester.n part of the State. » "'he wheat crop, although seriously affei'ted iiy 1! lie cold weather of early spring, and the siibse- leiit severe drought, lias laiely improved to a niarkable degree, and a good crop is now pro- ll lised. Ill the comities of Monroe, Wayne and ^ )iitario, the product will undoubtedly equal the verage ; and in other adjoining counties there i.s very ftiir prospect. It not unfreipiently liap- (||ens that unfavorable weather in spring is fol- iwed by the reverse in early sumnier ; and ear- Nil' predictions of the result have consequently I'teii proved erroneous. A small portion of the resent crop appears to be injnreil by the lles- ati fly ; and the worm in the grain has been iscovered, hut it is believed its ravages will not tt expensive. No appearance of rust has yet resented. The corn crop was kept back by the unusually lid weather laie in spring and early in sumnier, J Hd some early plantings were destroyed by the osr. iMost fields, however, are now assuming a lie appearance, and with the usual warm weatli- ■ which is to succeed, little fear need he enter- ineil tor a good return. The exceptions to success in these two impor- <]} crops are, as a matter of coinse, on such lids as have been hard run with tillage without I'lianiire. In such cases the corn presents a iiall and sickly appearance; and wheat is small ul thin, and chess, crass and other weeds, have us been permitted to have free growth and to iiiijj'.tain the ascendancy. » The hay crop is light ; probably not more than I) vo-thirds of the usual product will be afilirded. tlose farmers who have made provision for •ops of corn-stalk fodder by thick sowing, and d I'o.M) Mud. In many localities, it is not practicable to obtain these enriching sub- stances except at the driist season of the year, when the water is evaporated which usually cov- ers them. The vast quantities of them which n- hoiind in many parts of the country, especially of peat and swamp muck, while the scant crops of the adjoining fields show how much their pres- ence is needed, ought to stimulate a greater mim- ber of our farmers to seize the present opportu- nity to cart them upon their fields. Many have been disappointed liom the use of swamp muck or peat. Its results are nincli less striking than those of liirm yaid manure, not on- ly because it possesses less inherent richness, but because it contains far less of soluble parts, and consequently imparts its strength more slowly to growing pl.iiiis. This quality, however, only makes it more enduring. Chemists have found that by decoction in water, vegetable mould loses a small portion of its weight by solution ; but if the remaining insoluble portion is exposed to air and moisture a few months, another part may be atfaiii dissolved. Tims, peat, muck, and all de- cayed vegetable fibre, becomes a slow, but last- ing source of nonrishinent to plants. Disajipointment also results tioni the want of thorough intermixture with the soil. If peat or muck is merely spread in masses upon the sur- tiice of the .soil, and then ploughed in, it rarely proves of much lienefit, until, by several years till- age, it becomes thoroughly iiiterinixed. To pre- vent such failure, it should be very thorongbly and repeatedly harrowed, so as to promote a thorough admixlme with the siirlacesoil, before it is turned under by the plough. By such treatment as this, heavy soils may of- ten be greatly improved,anil rendered lighter and more free, as well as more fertile. But it i.s when shovelled out and dried, to be mixed with tiirm-yaid iiinnme, as a ifcipieiit for its volatile or liquid jiarts, that peat or muck be- comes pre-eminently valuable. We say c/n'frf,be- caiise if it is already saturated with water, of which it will often take in Jive-sirlhs of Us own ioeig''l, it cannot absorb the liquid portions of the manure. But if well dried beforehand, that is, if these five sixths of water are expelled, it will then absorb five-sixths of its weight in liquid mamire, and it then becomes eminently fertiliz- ing. The chief reason that the application of peal to barii-yards has not proved of greater value, is, that farmers li'ive applied it when it was already filled with water, and eonseijuenlly it could take ill little of any thing else. When peat or muck is to be drawn to a dis- tance, it is obvious that a great saving would be made Iiy shovelling it out under large coarse sheds, some months before drawing, that the water may he well eva|iorated, and so obviate the necessity of drawing several tons of water to eve- ry ton of peat. From tlie Louisville Journal. Large Dairy Establishments ot London- Having read of late with much interest in the Eastern Agricultural [lapers, an account of vari- ous well cultivated farms, I am induced to think an abridged rlescription of some of the great "lactaries," as they are fashionably called, of the old country, from notes taken several years since on a torn- with the late Dr. RatclifT, the excellent and efficient secretary to the ■' Farming Society of Ireland," will be received with some interest by your readers, and it possibly may be also in- structive. My observation convinces me there is much in their management that could be well and profitably adopted by our dairymen in this country. The two largest daries in the world, contain- ing the greatest number of cows giving milk at the satne time in the sameestablishtnent, are in London, situated near and within sight of each other at Islington, formerly a part of the Hiihiirbs, but now a well built and densely popu- lated portion of that great city ; the one estab- lished more than half a century ago liy the late Air. Rhodes, and still conducted by his sons; the other established about the same time by the late Mr. Laycock, and now in the possession of his sons also. Rhode's w liich I shall first describe, is the most complete of the two. The number of cows now kept there, varies (ioiii seven hundred npto nine hundred. Mrs. Rhodes, who, after her hus- band's death, took the whole managenienl of the concern for some years upon herself, told me that she several times attempted to have one thou.sand cows milked, but that the numlier was never completed in the morning ; that before night death or some other accident occurred a- moiigst them, to prevent her accomplishing that desire. The ground on which the buildings are placed is a slope of some three or four acres fronting the east. The sheds run with the slojie for the drainage and more easily wheeling off the manure, as well as for supplying water for the cows, throiigh small cast iron troughs, which are fixed in the walls at the heads of the cows, in such a manner that one trough may be supplied from the other the whole length of the house. The sheds are twenty-four feet wide and ten feet high ; tiled roof, with rising shutters for ven tilation ; and panes of glass glazed into cast iron skeleton tiles for light. The floor has a slight fall to a gutter along the centre; a range of stalls,each seven and a half feet wide for two cows to stand in, runs along the sides, to which they are fiist- ened by chains aiirl rings running on upright iron rods in each corner, A trough, formed of Welch slate bedded in cement, its upper edge eighteen inches tiom the ground, is fixed at the head of each aniiiial to hold its food. The sheds are placed adjoining and parallel to each other, with openings in the walls ojiposite each cow, one foot wide and four feet high, in which is placed the iron trough to contain the drinking water, calcu- lated to serve two cows in ditierent sheds, but op[iosite to each other, which water is supplied from one large cistern by pipes ; each iron trough has a wooden cover, wliicli is shut down during feeding time, to prevent the water being dirtied. At the upper end of the sheds is the dairy, con- sisting of tluee rooms ; the one a measuring room, where all the milk that is sold and goes out is first measured ; the other a scalding room, with boiler and fire place ; and the third a room where all the surplus milk is strained up and set away for cream and butter. At the lower end of the sheds are two yards surrounded by sheds also, the one for fattening the cows off when they be- come dry, and the other for store and breeding pigs. The pigs coiisu.'ue the skim milk remain- ing on band, which is kept in a well made of brick laid in cement, twelve feet deep and six and a half in diameter, in which it soon becomes sour, and then fed to the pigs as it is well known to be more nourishing when giveti in that state, than when sweet. The principal slock of pigs are breeding sows, as the sucking pigs sold for roasting are found to be much the most profita- ble. The dung is all emptied into a pit for that purpose, ofi'a platform at the bottom of the yards. Within the last ten years there have been con- structed in the rear of the sheds several pits 10 feet wide, 12 feet deep, and 20 feet long, made of brick, beihled in cement, into which are packed several months' supply of brewers and distillers' grains, which form the chief food for the cows, and which can only be bad during the winter months. The grains are firm\y tramped into those pits, and each layer of about a foot in thickness is well salted ; when filled, the top is covered over with boards, and on those is put a thickness of earth, compactly beaten down, sufficient to perfectly exclude the air as well as the frost. — Grains packed in this way have been opened in tour or five years,and Ibimd to be fresh and good food, and as eagerly eaten by the cows as those that had just been carted in from the brewery. — There are also on the premises a large stock yard, sheds, and pits for roots and straw, a large room for cutting hay and clover into chafl^, cart- sheds, stables, a neat and ca|)acious counting- house, with a large well ventilated room over head, containing several iron bedsteads, with hair mattress and pillow to each where tliereg- 118 hmcnl, the cimfl' of clover hay being always mixed with ibe .-rains or wash. The cows are never turned out to water, but from a large cislern, pipes are con- ducted to every cow-honse, and at certain hours each day, the "water is inrneil into the manger, ■.-; pte- 01 14 whicli is'on a perfect level, and it runs slowly past each cow, so thai she drinks at pleasure. past When any cow gets sick, she is bled, and is purged by giving her one poundof epsom salt, w itb' two ounces of flour of snlplmr, and an abund ance of warm water. The mode ot treatment al period of keeping the cows is from four lo five years: the calves are sold in Smithlield cattle c..^.^ •■■■-- ,,„„. ^..lu.i.g e^, „(■„,. ,|,e iwket, the tnarket next after they are calved, ,o seldom or '-v- ;;' ;-^^^;;''^^^ ."^ ^:^^iZ the those who make it abusiness^o take^them U,^ the e»^vs,jmd,_as ''H-V J-;;;^-\;;;.>,°fi,, calling time country and fatten them lor the butcher. There are three extensive farms belonging to this es- tah!isliment,bnt u fijw miles distant, at one or oth- er of which the cows in calf are ke|>t when dry. lair ofthe tails is kept clo.sely trimmed ott,lo sk of dirtying the milk their The Thel • , • ■„ I prevent the risk of dirtying the milk, anil bodies are curried over once every day. pigs, in addition lo sour milk, get also ground linseed and grains. In addition lo this dairy establishment Lnycock lias a series of enclosed yard.s, hallan acre each in size, with open sheds sutii- Iter from eight thousand lo nine are sent out to a grass 1: . , • .■ The quaiiliiv of salt given the cows m their loot here, does not exceed cue ounce daily, on ac- count, as they assert, of its drying qnaliti complaint I never heard made but in this e lishmenl, and with which 1 cannot concur. Uv manure of this eslahlishment is dis]iosed of ifrl manner— all the flum to ta days on wh cieut to she ihousand head of cattle, which are appro(iriate(i king in stock for the nights previous to the ich Smithtield market is held, which i„eon Monday and Friday of every week in the year For this purpose the situation is admira- bly adapted, lying on the great North road and beino- wilhiu a short and straight drive of the market, which, singular enough, is situated in the very heart ofthe most thickly populated part of that immense city. Those layers and this dairy establisbuient mav he considered as ft cen- tral farm-yard to the three bay liirnis which they amply supply with immense qnantilies ol the finest manure tor top dressings. The whole is under the management ot lh(^ two brothers, assisted by a clerk and a very active (lairyniaid. The proprietors of those, the two mos't extensive milk establishments in 1 lie world, are near and intimate friends and neighbors Iroiii iheir birth, are on the best possible terms, and have as free recourse to either eslabhslimeiit as thoindi they belonged lo the same person ; they freiiiTeiilly "compare notes as to the manageinent and expenses, and they both still rigidly adhere to Iheir own parlieiilar managemint, i aeb c.m- tendiug for bis superiorily and offering to prove it by a refi'i-ence lo their books. .\11 I can say is, that both are managed with great care and at- tention, svstematized in every deparlineiil;_ they bave beei'i carried on successfully and prohtably |„r more than half a ceulnry by the fathers and subsennenlly I'V iheir sons ; and 1 have lUle doubt that, in a century frim w, whoever lives to see it, will fmd the same successlul oj.eration, and both under the nwinagemeiil of the greal grand-children or immediate deseelidauls ol the original founders. Th(! Metropohlan Dairy is the next lar:;est es- thekind in l.ondon; it is situaled orth-wesleru siibmb singular and iuteresting , xmn is discharged by sewers inlo a large l.ricl Mr cistern laid in cement, and sold by the hogsbea^ about to the hay farmers in the neigliborliood, to i™ „me lliei"r meadows with, which is done with « common watering-carl used Ibr the streels. ITU solid manure is compre.sse.l intosma I ^,| with the perusal of Mr on ^ '^ - ^1 :,;n,e;i''7'r"'''''''^'r''--^ive,, ■' <^-^l'i'iiiieil, J have eiie osed to vmi ■. r:'!;No::rd'::f/'^^r'''^'^^'-''-'-^5:tiod," , ^" 'I'll extracts liom reports oflenisl-,,: J,. ;;:;.::^''';::r'"'''"'''''''"'^"'"''''-^-''- -^^^ noil es, and commmiieations horn the i.'ri.Md {^;:!iiT':n:,^e;;^l^!rt';;i:i;^;7^ -'if --'•''' M.B,,,nme;spro;;jr'^,^d:;y:: :::--!■ 1 I at the interests oC a-^rienllure, in this St' te i.ietliod," when I e, I „ ^""»>«^r manure S:S'*;d Hi «'"■>]»"«-- neelient, am Merl'eeilv >, „i ■ , '-"n- ,„n,n;,.i l"-iinny well aeqiiamtei w tli ihe s=f=:!;:57t,:';i:?:--s;;::;; Conneetieut; and, that it is^ where knoVr fu '•"ii",!ed that no means hitherto diseo e 4,1 a oiK^e so eheap and so eftieient, h,r thi' ',',:' EH,rCh::ni;:s=^^ "tt r, I'''' '"."""■'• "'""'i'-'- u„d 'o.^the ;,V' ■*' '''' "'^casion may rerniire . Ihee.laorofthe Alhany Cnll vator in one of 11-^ i.o.iees of the "«on,mer Method "' s v,' " nXdtth^''^"!?'^'"-^''^'''' -' - Pi;,:^;.:^3^sa^s,-;r:;;al:e- =.|.;r:n;;iro;•':^r:l::^d•^:,!;:r-^•>^-■■ rrLenr;;:h::':^z''hi;d^-"''"''-''^h It the farmers of the "Granite State" inherit a ess produenve soil, i, will not be eonceded -a hey inherit less intellif,ei,ce or less ei tern t la:;'' ;"';:;^^;''°"''':^T^'"'■^-'|con;!:eu- lCll, n .1 vMll they, It is heliereil, he more slow I w'';f '.-"■-'>'-. "'-'lie he.'tmea is^f m- I xoMoi; the fertility of their farms. A FARMER. edition was too incomplete, and that from the iiiinierous (pieslions which have heen addressed to me hy my siil,scribeis, I have, like them, felt the want ot ti commentary npoi, the instnictioiis, and clear and precise explanati,ms upon variou.s l-omts o the application of the system, so that it may he better comprthemled and'more easily nut m practice. •' ' 1 have written a new work, which is more complete, and winch, I hope, will meet with their approliation. Jt does not become me to jnd-e of the merits of this new edition; nevertheless, I think that 1 cnn iiive the assniance th.-,t, in this work, the sys- len, ,s .so improved, and its application rendeie.l M> ca.-y, that the least mtelli^rent tiirmer, in faith- .illy conlormnifrto the prescriptions and instrnc- lons Iheieni contained, can not liiil of success in his operations. This work resting npon fi.cls an.l practical lesulls, vyhich are conscientiously reported, is I'lesented to you with confidence. Try and judi,'e. ■' The work is divided into two parts. 'J'he first contains the method in all its siniplicitv Ihe second contains explanations and analvti- citl developments of the system; instructions ipon isai.phcaiion: some new processes ; solu- tion of manure questions of hi-h importance; and lastly, supplementary articles conseinient up- on the system. ' To give you an idea of the new edition, 1 will '•ite part o, its contents. The first pan of the method contains, ' 1st Two diftbrent processes, by means of will, h any one can cause, in a few days, the de- c...np.,s,tion of all straw and frreen or dry ve»e- ah ,es an, their conversion into a rich, nnctnmis ami durable nianure. 2.1 Two processes, one hy high fermentation, ■mtl theother by moderated fermentation, by means ot which any one can reduce all kinds of riirly or swampy matter into a rich vegetable compost or mohk ve^nanie 3,1. A process, without fermentation, to reduce all kinds of swampy matt.^r, pomi mnil, slime Iron, nvers or the sea shore, street mini, black earth from the woods, &c., into a superior mine- ral ,-ompost. eirt'h ' '^"'^° P''0'=<=='f^es for preparing compost with 5th. The means to augment anil ameliorate manure hea[is. .i,f,!''r '''!'f '""■?"« '".I'l-epare - purin," a fertili- zing hipml lor irrii-ation. '111. The empl.M'ment of dregs or lees, and residues ol manufictoiies. 8th. A pro,-ess fbr reviving the heat under ear- ^<-''-P'niiiMs and animal .lejections. .lib. Effect of watering wilh "purin" or manure liquor, urinous, |,ulrified water, compared to that of my mineral or earth composts. lOth. Liquid manures compared with my com- posts. •' lllh. Enumeration of 24 principal ailvantages of tins metho.l. " Section ir.—Supjjlemenlarij Articles. 1st Analyses of earths; simple means to de- tect the nature of earths without the aidof chem- 2d. Advantage resulting from this analysis. .^.1. Interest which every one has in knowing the nature of his lands. ^ 4lh. iMeans to detect marl. 5th Division of manures ; mode in use com flared with that which I propose. tith. This method is alreaily in use on a "real many farms; results which have been obtained The matter of the new edition occupies about 100 pages; it will be henceforth furnished to sub- scribers msteail of the abridged methoil, which contame.l but 20 pages. The price of the method IS dehnitely hxnd as follows: Farm with ganleii, not over 20 acres, «6 ;; " 100 10 200 15 ' " 300 . 18 ^" " " 400 20 Uver 400 acres in any one farm, 25 Ihe method can not be taken lor only a por- tion of a farm, and every subscriber is required to declare the whole extent of his arable land. D . ^ 'lie necessary documents recorded in the Patent Office, the right for the sonihem and western States is behl by Abbett & Co of Bal tnnore, and lor the northern and eastern Stati?g viz: ^ew Englan.l, New York, New Jersey! I ennsylvania Delaware and Ohio, hy Gi^obge Bo.MMERot New York, who keeps his office at /o Lrreeiiwich street. I have appointed Rev. Eli Barnett of VVestville. I\ew Haven county, Connecticut, my "eneral agent for all the New England States, Inclnding Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetls, Rhode Is and Connecticut and Vermont. He is furnish- ed with an abundant supply of my nietho.l, and with ample powers to negotiate an.l execute the sale of my patent to persons who may wish to purchase State, County, or Town rights GEORGE BOMMER. .Society of Land Improvers. The subject of the allotment and improvement of waste lands, is one which has at various times deservedly claimed a share of public attention. 120 Numerous reports have been l\'' '''«'^'^'' 'i'^.^ ' ' tive ofll.e l.eneficU.I results ^vhu-hlmve fol o«. 1 the Bi-Plieiiiion of the sjsten, in (hfteren loca - lies; in some, the snr.-ess has been ';".';M"->';- othe^rs the experinuMit has imrtmlly laile. , ov^ - to the inecupetenc-e of the parties on ^'"<\^ nia.iacrn.ent devolved, or to the nnu.lhnf;ncss of the laborers to .niderf:o the requisite exertx n. Ireland is a eountry iiossessinfr, as is y.'J''«''' > allowe.l, peculiar claitns upon active I'l' h ' - pv ; and anionj: the schemes snggeste.! oi nnd u fakeii for her improveme.,., none have me vv li so lavorablc a reception, as that tor the .ec lama tinn of the neglected and uncnliivated l'"'' ° ^, of her soil, conducted by an mstitutiou called the Iri.«|, Waste Land Improvement Socit^'y- This Society, it appears, with the Earl o i)c- voi, at its head vvai formed in 1836, and bem, incorporated by act of Parlia.nent, it obtame 1 . e possession of many thonsan.ls of acres of ^^< st,^ lai.d-n.ountain, and peat moss or bog-on leases ot' 90 years, at a very low rent, averasing »l>"iH 15 loi per statute acre. The plan o the com- pany was not to speculate in farmintMhemselves, but re-let the whole in farms of 15 to 25 acres, on leases of 31 years, at a rent varyin- Iron. 4s. to 10s. per acre, undertaking at the same tune to ...aUe all the roads, main drains, and fences, a their own cost. In the present day, when almost every town has its improvement society-, whicli does little else than talk, it is cheerm;.' to hnd that there is at least one institution, which aclu.div vvoiks— really tries to accomplish what otliers only are comented with projectinn. Nor has this Improvement Society acted rash- ly in its operations; great caution has been em- ployed in every step of its progress. Ihe nrM purchase was a small mountain tract in (jilway ; the second in the county of Limerick ; the tliinl iuSli"o;and lastly, a wild district m Coime- mara, comprising more than 7000 acres, was t.;.k- en about three years since. It is a favorable fea- ture of the proceedings, that the calls upon the share-holders have been made at long intervals; no more than £8 per share, has been paid up to the present time. The afrgre^ite amount receiv- ed, about £25,000, has enabled the Society-^ to place the four estates, com|.rohen.lmg 10,000 acres, in a forward state of cultivation, i be es- tate of Gleneask, in the county of Sligo, consists of 5699 statute aciw, and is beautifully si'il^""';! on the south-eastern slope of the Slievli Gaiif^ mountains, commonly known as the Liirgan Hi Is. Their heijfht is aboiit 1000 feet above the level of the sea, and they overlook a valley nearly seven miles in length, watered by numerous mountain streams. The soil is described as " pure unnnt- i.rated pent-bo^:, li-um two to eight feet in dei>lh, vvith a sub-stratum of clay or uravel." A pornoii of the upper slopes is laid out in pasture, well adapted for reariiif; ilie lliL'hlaiid breed of eatilc, of which the Society possess a thriving' herd.— The steward of the estate, Mr. Lermoul, is an in- dustrious North r.riton. With his wife and two daughters, he occupied the house adjoining the model farm, where, upon a piece of hofr reclaim- ed within two years, were growinj; as hue Swed- ish turnips as eouM [»■ fbund in the fertile harmiy of Cork. Near the entrance fjate, staiidin{;onlhe Society's land, are several whitewashed buihl- in"s; "these are a police station-house, porters lodtje, chapel, and national school. Proceedni'i onwards alon? aline wide gravelled road, the plan of the allfitments becomes visilile, marked out by open drains nnd f»ri'en banks of sod, crow li- ed by clipped hedges of I'm/,.'. The dwellinp of the servants are built fiiciug the road, with which they coimmmicate by narrow walks, bor- <|ered with the alder and Lonihardy poplar. The lioiisps of the li-nants arc 30 feel long, 13 feel wi.le, and 8 feet hi;;h ; they are built of stone, ano divided into two rooms, thatched and filazcd : the cost of each to the Society beiiiK £16 .5s. The expense is f,'reater tl it otherwise would be, owin;; to the great depth to which it is necessary to di^ for the Inimdation, which must In; carried throi7f;h the bo-,'. The company do not, howev- er, build for every tenant; they prefer to induce tlie settler to build for himself, giving him assist- ance from their supply of timber. This plan has been ibiind to attach Ihe occupant to ihe soil more .securely than if lie had been provided witli a dwelling, wfiilc at the same time it serves to onicken and stimulate his exertions tor the im- ■" - '■ •' ... Tl.i. Societv offers powerful in.lticements in furtherance of this ob- ..«: it gives a prize of £2 lor every acre of le- claimed land, which is equal to lour years lent laL higher' rate. This plan is '-- •" -- ceed as, by the improved system of diaina^e, the unproductive bog soon becomes a flourl^hlng ''oil every fiirm held by the smaller occupiers. „unips and clover were growing, and in many instances rape an.l vetche.s. The potatoe.-- luu.pers, P. elers, and Americuns-were eve where excellent, and the presence "f t;vo o three bead of cattle on each boldmg, showed ,|,„t the accumulation of manure was certain. Ti,e main drains are made from four to six ee wide at top, two ami a half to three and a II at bottom, and IVoin three to five feel m depili. the thorough drains are two feet vyide at lop and bottom, with a small channel in the centre from six to eight inches in width, covered closely by a sod turned the green side downwards. Ihe firmness of the soil is such, that the drains re- quire no lining except in the clayey ground, where they are filled with stones. After di.nn- ing, the surfiice is burned and limed wheti two successive crops of potatoes are taken, then a rrop of Aberdeen tnrni|.s, fbllowe.l by oats laid down in clover. Recent analysis by Profess. Kane, has shown a rich bed oi marl in the neighborhoo.l to contain some of the inost im- ooruint elements which can he apphe.l to th. fertilization of peat. In some cases turnips bav-e been raised as » first crop, thus proving the pro- ductive nature of the laud. It is, '"^ever, i^- eommended in prelt-rence to tins '''!;•l'';'^'" ° " Inw the plan of culture thus described. Rlich difticnltv was experienced in |iersnading the ig- "antlish cotter to take the necessary steps to , ure a s-ood cr,.p of tnri.ips. Mr. Lermont says "Whenlin-sisiedon the I'l-^-'^'-'"^' ' ""''7, out to nine inches distance, and showed hem ,l,e distance by i^Mug uiy.x fe^^ n^ys<^li^aj';^ like pnlliuL' liair out of iheir heads-some actu- ally cried !" , , The indispensable necessity of cleanlines3,mKl the absence of all extraneous lumber in the ifai- rv to sav nothing of the filthiness of keeping animals in the dwelling-house, are points strong- ly imi.ressed upon the minds of the tenants t.y the managing director and the ever-watchful steward. Those who prove relractory aie ce barred from participating in the prizes which are would make their pi^sem capital— their labor- produce Iburfold. Agricnlt..ial societies may do much for those who are able to read, and aie otherwise more enlightened iban their neighbors: but what have they effected, co.nparatively, tor the cotter tenant, unable to read— perhaps, iKe some of the Gleneask tenants, unable to imiler- s.aud Englisii ? He may doubtless see the rfsuWi of good farn.ing at the annual shows, and, il lie can aflbrd it, hear the spe^ ches and dissertations at the agricultural dinners; but will tins induce bim to thorough drain, subsoil p ongh, or sow turnips? or, if he were willing to I""'""' "'^ I' '^ |,iu, how the work should be done? Practical, sound instruction, is the only mode suited to he small farmer. It is not only neces.sary t. tel |,i„, Init to show him bow the work is to be .loi^e. ,l,e Ltimnlants of precept and regard are msuffi- ..jent-nersoual in.struction, encomagenient, and sut.erintei.dence, are wanting. To Mipply l ."se wants, is one of the main subj-'cts ol he .^ b Waste Land Improvement feo.'iety. Col. Kol iii «on is not satisfied with the or.liu.-.ry ^«" ";'■'<"''"' rent and arrears, but examines r.ersonallyeey cottage, goes over eve.y acre of reclaimed land directs,' Corrects, and encourages. A cheer ul ecognitiou, a eood humored rep.-oot, a friendly jest ov encouraging remark, play upon the sni- face..f a well considered system of moial and uhvsical improvement. Human nature, m what- e e, .n..de -eqiiires some stimnlant lor the de- i;.';i::.n'ofl,er faculties; aiulwhethe.-^ It be wealth or power, l-iize or honor, " 7'" ''.^ lowly stimulant of the poor ''■"'''.'■"""-: " ,^^ snbsWteiice-wbere the pressure is not tell, the ^2h^er^ becomes inert, and the "t.me ei.ou.b ."nd "well enough" assume the places ol labor ""This'im-doubt involves labor and agricultural kno led.re on the part of those entrusted w.t le management of estates ; but men qnalifie o undertake such duties are not wantmg; a bow gratifying must be the «';"^""« l,^. °' " f landlord who can I'oint to a large tiact of le- 'ellime-l mountain, or a ^^^^-' '"'l^J'^:'^^ with profitable vegetation, an. say-- I h' .-i- ""^e "e le acres afiord now foo.l and shelter to a Ilniving peasantry, blessing, like the .piality ot mel cy— ^ ^^^^^ ^^.^^ ^^_^^ ^.^^^ a„rt him ihal tnUcs." Chambers Journnl. given annually fbr draining, green crops. cleanliness, &c. Great emulation is excited among the tenantry by these premiums, of vvbicl. the agricultural are paid in money, the house- hold ill kind ; and a gown or shawl to the good wife" is found more effective than the purchase money, where shops are so distant. The person- al apiiearance and costume of the tbmale peas- antry in this mounlaiu district, contrast striking- ly with those of Mnnster: sm;ill regular features are inm-n more li-equent; and the slovenly flonn- ced cap is never seen but on married women a"' the aged ; spinsters wear their hair exposed, and in neat orilei. The Sunday appearance of bn'h males anil females, is not only respectable _bj" pictures.ine, reminding one of the Alpine Sa"- bath in more favored lauds. Scarh;t and brigb' blue are the li.vorile colors of the fiMiiale.s. Father IMatlhew has not overlooked Gleneask; nearly all the tenanis are " teetotalers;" and illi- cit distillation, once so prevalent ill the district, is now an tin<-ommon occurrence. "I'ln; mia^oldabh; diilli'idlies of ii new settler liming tin; first year are most considerably met by tin; admirable system of Colon.;! Robinson, the dir.;ctor, which provi.les bim with the means of subsistence by emphiyinent, in making the main lic"tie ,, p whereas personal )npt.r!jcfj'.geinent ■^S^CORpTNnSTAUGUS'r 31. 1845. The Campaign of 1777, and the Capture of BurKoyne's Army. Sweet is the memory of the men who longlit, or ble.l, or died, in the glorious cause ol Am. i- can Lbertv. The editor ol the ^ iM or, hn n s .. . ,e .reat events which c.m. ' ,^ '„ .a, contest. „h; t.irnm.g pivot """,''' "''^^';?\:i,„ess of the Tbeso extr..cts w.mv "'- 'i,!^ , ,;\,|,., several "••"••y ''.'""'" ';\ ,bii:h"'-"" "'"••»- ~Trr ^\)C iTiumcr's iUciiatl)li) llisitor. 121 from nine lo titne, as the events liaiis|iirt(l. — Tliiiiiiii.s Aiihiiicy, the aialioior ihe.-e h'lhis, \\a^ a yiiiiiif' iifHcer, ah eii^itiii in the IJi ili.-h ai rnj ; a youth !>(' line iil' the nuMe liiiniln s, he was inli- mate wiili the rn>t ufl'ieirs ol the IJnli^li army lhinui;li the eveiilliil rani|iaijjn. Mis ^ol^llnl^ ooinriile almost exactly hiiIi the account j:iven in a volume pulilislied liy Gen. Burgojneliimselt ill 1780. 'J'he maniisriipls of onr friend first came to our persuiial aci|naliilaiice jiisl as we were selling out on oni- joiiiiu-y soiilli last fiill : these »\e pin in our tiiink ami cai riet among the brave." The old soldier, now grown forgellid of recent evenis, but more aecmale ihaii a bixik in his recollec- tion of the exciting events of his youth, siys of Col. Cilley that " he was a stout large man, that he was a good officer," and what may he ( oiisid- ered characlerisiic ot' the blood and ruce, " that he would swear at his men if they did not do ii;;ht in hallle." Soldier Haines pla\ed the boy no more llian one j ear under Col. Cillej ; having arrived at a man's slalme al the age of fifteen, he re-enlisted, ami in the _\ears ]77(j and 1777 was foui;d of Cijlev's corps al Ticondeioga. As did ihe lamented Col. Francis, who fell on the retreat (roni Tiiomleroga al MnberKai, and of whom wi- intend to speak before concluding this article. Col. Cilley cnn^M'anded a regiment. Gen. Biirgoyne's Narrative presents accurate plans not only of the great hatlles near Saratoga, of the I7th Sepiember and 7ili' Orioher, but of Ihe previous severe battles at linheiton and at Beiiniugion. The former occmied on the 7tli July, imntdiately on ihe leiieal of ihe Amei i- caii army from 'I'lconderog.i helbie the over- V hehning foice which ihe British commander brought up the Lake against il. Ticonderoga fort stands on a (loint of land (i)rmed by the stream which ccniimunicates between Lake Champlaiii and Lake George, the latter l)eing several feet higher ihiin the former. At this point Champlaiii lake is nearly as narrow ,is the stream coming into it. On the e;islein, oi- Vermont (iheii called ihe F4ampshire Grantsjside of lake Champlain, wasaii American lorlificalion c.-dleil ftloiini Independence. Overlooking both the forts Ticonderoga and Independence, and within cannon reach (1400 yards from the one and 1500 from the other) was a higher elevation, a ragged, abrupt and sleep succession of ledges, id' wliich the Americans had never dreanipt that their t;nen ies wttnid lake po-se...sieiiiblniice pridi- abl) to a sugar leal, beuind the reach of the Aini,'- ricaii artillery, the Biitish caiinon briflled \\iiha eommeuceu.ent of discharges direcll) over ihe heads of llie Americins, and cnmmandiiig a full view within reach of every point ol What had been considered the stioiige.-t and mostinviil- iieiahle fort of North America. The hn>iiie.>sof occupying Sugar Hill was dse. The parly eii;;aged consisted id" both the elite of the British army under Gen. Fraser, and a great body of Hes>ians under Gen. Ueidsid^ nearly the whide body of fresh troops of the main army, leaving only troops sufficient lo gar- I isoti Ticonderoga, and lo guard ihe balleaiix vvhich were making their way up the lake. The force brought against the Americans was too powerlid lo be withsinod. The brave Col. Fran- cis, lo whom, as an iiilelligeiit gentleman and a gallant soldier, bolh Aubnrey and Riirgovne's liO(d\s pay a I igh complitiienl, h ading ihe al- lack, lell early ill the action. The ailack was made afier one day's nj.'irch, (says Auburey) " over a continued succession of sleep .ind woody hill.-'. Soon al'tei' five o'clock in the najniing, the Anierieaiis returned lo the attack on Gen. Fra- ser, previfius to which, as lelaled by the writer we h;ivp just qiioled, " iVlaj. Granr of the 24ih (British) regiment, who had the advanced gii.ird, attacked their pick- els, which weie soon driven in lo the main body. From this attack we lament the death of this very gallant ami brave officer, who in :dl pioba- biliiy fell a viciiiii to the great disadvaiilages we (ihe BrifL-li) experience peculiar lo this iinforin- iiale contest, those of the rifle-men. Upi>u his coining up w iili the army, he got upon the stump of a tree lo reconnoiire, and had liardly given the men orders to (ire, when he was struck by a rilie ball, lell of?' the Iree, and never ultered an- oihersjllalile. The li^ht infantry (Fraser's corps) liieii formed, as well as the 24lh regiment, the former of which siifii'red very iniicli fldnithe enemy's fire, pailicidarly ihe companies of the yitili and 34lh regiihenls. The greu.-iillers (an- other select corps) were ordeK d to form to pre- vent theenemv's gellioi.' to the road that leads to Casilelon, which they \\ere emieavoiing to do, and were repulsed, upon whiih they atleuipled their retreat by a very sleep mountain to Pitts- lord. The grenadiers (British) scrambled up an ascent which seened almost inaccessible, and ginned ihe sunmiil of the i]iounlain belore them ; this threw them into great conliisiim, and thai von may form an idea how sleep the ascent must have been, llie men were obliged to sling tlieir firelocks and cliird) up the side, sometimes rest- ing the ir feet n|!'ii| the braiicli of a tree, and somelimes on a piece of rock : had any been so unroilnnale as lo have missed his hold, he must inevitably have been dr.shed lo pieces. "Although llie grenadiers had gainerl the siiin- inil of this mount.-iin, and the Americans had lost gnat numbers of their men, with iheir brave comm.-mder. Col. Francis, still they were far su- perior in numbers lo ihe British [not as we be- lieve on the ground, if any where else in the neighborhood: the " iiiuliiplying eves'" (as Gen. Sl.irk said on another occasion) of the young British officer h.ning caused him lo mistake the truth] and the contest remained doubtful unit/ Ihe arrival of Ihe Germans, when the Americans fled on all eidesi, whose numbers amounted to 2000: they were opposed by only 850 Biiii>h, as il was near two hours belore the Germans made iheir appearance." After the licte ol the day was decided, Antiiirey says " we were apprehensive, by the noise we heard, that a reinlia-cement had been sent back from the: main body id' the Anierii-aii army yb/* the support (if Ihcir Imdi/cuiirJ, for they began singing psalms on their advance, and at the same lime ki'pt up an inces. a melanchcdy iuslanee : " Alier the action Wiis over, and all filing had ceased for near twn hours, upon the summit of the mountain I have already ih'scribed, whi,] who had the papers in his hand, juniped up, and Irll, ex- claiming, ' he was severely wounded.' We alt heard the ball whiz by us, and tmni.'ig lo the place from whence the report came, saw the smoke. As there was every reason to imairine the piece was fired from some tree, a party of men were iushinily deta( lied, hut could find no peiMin : the fellow, no (hmhl, as soon as had fired, had slipt down and made his escape." "1 he coulnsiou of the enemy (Americans) on their retreat was wry great, as ihey were neilher sensible where they fled, nor by whom ihey were conducted, alter Ciaiit lakiiifT (il" lile to pierce the smallest »iz<' last years Hillmiit the r^evere nervous anJ;lli^ll vvlii( h in.iri'i'il his own and llii; enjoyment uf the best /) ichds «hn were near him. 'J\i riliirn 111 llnheiliin : tlie escape of onr sol- dier, Thomas llaiiit's, is e\'eii more strange tliaii thalollhe Eai I ol IJaloarras. In enlire coiiici- diiM-e with rlie story told ihe editor in June, lt?44, the soldier repealed, one week since, his hair- lireadlh escape at llnlieritin. lie was in the rear- {.Hiard (if the nirearin;,' troops-, in a detachment of alioiii one hmidred men, nnder the K""!"'!''*' ol' the then 1,1. Col. Keed. In the thick woods anil hrnsli. comiiif,' immediately in conflict w ilh a I'ody of liiili.'iiis, lie was seized and marched nnder llie gnidanceof two armed sons of llie lii- resl, permitted to ivirry his own innskel, in which siinalion he proceeded as llieir prisoner for the distance of aiiuiit a mile. He took an opportuni- ty while passing' over a steep liiink lo precipitate one of ilie Indians iijion the rocks in the brook I' low, and despatched or dis;ililed ihe other by a well-diiecied blow, ihrowitii; away his ^Min, and ri;ieatin'j from tli« mass of his enemies at no areat distance, the shots from whom followed him thick and last. Cuming to a ravine, iis (jiiiidi as Ihoiiijht he dropped into il, concealetl among the brakes, .'inil in a lew >iilmitessaw the Indians pass wiihiint discoveiini; him a tree that had i'alleii across idinost directly over where 'he Jay. TaiTviiiil no i;reat lime, he again by a eirciiittiiis route came up and joined his retreating Ameii- can (rieiids. The old soldier can now show upon his body the iii'irks ot' (he bullets shot at him, one directly under his arm, another on Iks leg, and a third ijpon his knee. The examination of his frock made at the lime by the late Lt. 'J'honip- son, of this town, an olHcer ol' his company, and testified to by ("ol., aflei wards Gen. George KeiV, of Loiidoiiderrv, found il pierced willi nineteen bullet holes I But it "as ill tlio baitle of the 17lli of Se|)cliargei!, coming flown handover hand "as quick as llghliiing " from Ihe main top, in vvliich he had reposed, swinging ill a bainmock, when iiotilied that he iiiighl again join bis capt.in. Two years after his discharge from the army, the sohlier was married lo his present and only wife: she is five years yoniiger than himself — a sensible, discreet woman, having and showing all the I'oncern for her husband that a much younger wife might evince for an older husband In his second cliihlhnod. She was a lialhe of Rxeter, \. H. ; the danghler of Uoberl Lord, who died away from home In the army of the revolution, leaylng six small I'blldreii nearly des- titute as to properly. The iiiotber of Mrs. H. was arieryvards a member of the .soldier's family at Ills present domicil, supported by him in help- less old age milil her death thirty years auo. — With the aged pjiir has always resided a maiileii d.iiighler, now foriy-seven years of age, who, a.-i the Uoiiiali virgin, devotes herself to the old ai;e of her parents ; especially lo that of her more aged Hither, iinil who will deserve a pension after his decease; another daughter, a widow, has re- tiiined to her liilber's roof; and a son married, wilh an interesting' wife and children, find it good also to be with such parents. .\ son of the old geiillemen, for years a respcciidile liirmer of Chichesler, having gone the way of all the earth, has left a son who comnuinds the regiment of militia in which he resides. Two oilier sons re- side beyond the liiiiils of the Slate. The old soldier for several yi'ars lias received a double pension, that of all invalid, and under the act of 1818. I'oor as he ever has hern, this alone has made his last years comfortable : he has hardly received as nmcli in his whole lite as the single drall of a \y Idow married to an ofiicer of the revohiiloii had drawn at one time. He has always worked with his hands : of lale he sreins to be fast fiiillng — the first lime, the day before our c.ill upon him, he had called his cane to his assistance to wtilk iibonl his house. May (Jod bless his few reinainiiig days! In relation to tho brave Col. I^benezer Fran- cis, our iiifiint curiosity was exclud by the story told of liN dealh and the battle of lliiberlou, as iiiativ as lifiy years ago. He was of a family of liinr sons born in the town of iMedliud, Massa- ehnsells. whose filher w lib his fiimilj aflrrv\ards removed lo lieveily, near Salem. A brother of (^ol. rraiicis, (Thomas) who was a company offi- cer at lluberlou, miuried a sister of thai giaiid- falher who was seven years ii soldier in the Irench war of 17(10, and in llic, war of the Kev- olntion. By our lonnixions, tho Francis fami- ly was one spoken of 'as always greatly be- loved ; and, above all the rest, was the eslpem- eii(li'>i by lii.s bioiliir iiixi liiufilil l)_v iiis .side iit lliiberiini. lObeiazer Ki;iiu'i.<, Emj., iil' Ho-toii, now one of llie iiio.enlnei t in(|iiiiies in lelation to bis JUinily, that ;;ciilli;ii:iiii liiid the ^oodnf>s lo |irc- sciit IIS a lililu v(deiii(; containing,' a " History of Beverly, civil and ecclcsiasiiral, Iroin its sellh'- iiK'iii ill l(i;JO to 184'i — liy Kduin M. Stone," Iroin wliich we exiiact the lollowinj; tribute lo a man who, if his lile had been preserved, would iiii- ilo'dileilly have done his ennntry the serving id' the most distiiii;iiishcd ol' lier t'eneial officers. "Foremost ainoii^; the officers iiiid soliliers in the revolution, Iroin this to\Mi, (I5everly)and ein- iiieni ld^o as an eiiteriirizini; and valued citizen, Has Col. I'.benezer Francis, lie was born iit iMediord iMass., Doc. '^i, \7-i3, and in 1704 leino- ved lo Beverly. His o|i|)oriiinities for nciiiiiring an edncation in youth, had been <|uite deli'ciive. Bill, hydili- {lent selt'-cullnre, he had early fitted bimsell' to eiifia^e extensively and snccesslidly In business transactions, and to take a r<'s|ieclable stand by the side of the best educated and inrormed, in the |iroiiiiiienc stations he aliervvards occnpied beCore the town and bis country. Noivviib^iand- injT (he disadvanlajL'es, in Ibis res|rect, under which be bad labored, and whicli he had been obli;;e(! by hiiiiicir mainly Ui overcome — |irobalily induc- ed, in no small measure, by tiiis very circtuiislaiice — he took a warm and efficient inieresl in the schools. And it is worthy ol' mention, as evinciiiij; i\t once bis int(;rest in lliem and his resolute spirit. that ill one inslance, when the scholars ol' one ol' (1k! ur daii^blers and a sou. lie was actively and eMensively eiiL'ai;ed ill business till the war broke mil. lie bud, bowe-ver, taUeii u deep interest in the jiolilicul a;;italioiis which preceded it. Convinced thai resort must finally lie had to arms in liecidin^' the controversy be- tween ibis and the mollier coiinliy, he paid MHich alientinn lo military science and e.\ercises himselt; and encoura^'ed it as far as he could in bis t'ellow-palriol.*. His three brothers partook ol' llie same martial spirit, and all of them be- came officers in the revoluiionary service. By his slaliire, w hicli w as tall and imposiii';, as well as by talents and character, be ivas fitted to com- mand. Accordingly, lie at once occiip'ed a prominent siaiiil aui(Ui;» those who, on the first sbeddin;; of blood, were ready to take ti|i arms. In less than three iiKinlhs (roiii the commence- ment ot bostililies, he received a ciiplaiii's com- mission from the (^outiiieiital Con;i.'ress, which was dated .Inly ], 1775. Early in the followinir year, he bad risen to tlie rank of Cidonel, and coininaiided n refjiiiient stationed on Uorchesier heijthts, near Bosion, from Anjr. to Die. 1770. — Under his prompt and iboroiiiib iliscipline, his men were sijoitly trained ; so that in his refji- mei.ial oideis e, anil alier the war, a disiiiitxiiished teacher in Beverly, was adjiiiant of the reijimcnt. Moses Greculeaf, col- lector of i\ew bury port, under the H'deral fjov- ernment, and lather of Pro/: (Jreenleaf, now of the law colle;;e, at Cambridi;e, was a caplain in it. A privale journal of Capt. Creenleai; which IS now 111 the library of the Mas.,aclinseiis His- lorical Society narrates the principal events which occurred while the re^'inieiit was stutioii- ed at 'I'lconderoaa, and afterward, on its retreat, with the rest ol the ^■arrison, before the over- poweriiiK forei^s of Bur^o\ne. From that is iiathcred the following orajiliic, thoniib inelali- choly sketch of the dosiiifr scenes ill the life of Col. Francis. "14tli June, heard enemv's morn- ing Klin— Indians and others near— skirmishes. ■~;d July, enemy advance, with two frif;ates of tweiily-eii;hf fjuns and fifty gnn-boats — land troops about two miles from lis. Saturday, .'ilh July, at l-> o'clock, spied British troops on' the monntain overlookiii'r 'l'icoiideroi.'a— at it, receiv- ed the disa;;reeabl(^ news of lea\niK 'lie Vi''"iii<'- At 2, next morninir, left 'ricondero^a— at 4, Mount Independence; after a most '"fatiiniiiig mar.-b, arrived .same ilay at Hiibardlon, (iieaT Wbitehall, N. Y.,) twenty-two miles fr'.m iMouiit Independence— snppcl wiij, Col. Francis— en- camped in tlie woods, the main hodv iroiiif; on about lour miles. Alonday, 7ili July, 1777, break- lasted with Col. F. At 7, bo canie to me, and desired me to parade the re;jiuieiit, which I did : at 7i he came in hasle to me, told mean express had arrived from Gen. St. Clair, iiifiirmiiii; that we must march with the greatest expedition, or the enemy would be npiiii lis,— al.-o, that they bad lakeii Skecnsboroiigb, with all our bat'-gaue ; ordered me to march the regiment— iimnediiue- ly marched a |.art of it. At twenty minnles jiast 7, the enemy appeared within gu"ii-sliot of lis ; we fiieed to the right, when the firino he<'aii' whicli lasted till 8S a. ni., without cessation! Numbers lell on both sides; among ours the brave and ever to be lamented Col. Francis 'wlio loiight bravely to the last. He first received a ball through ins right arm, but .Mill continued at llie head ot our troops, till he received the fil- ial wound tbfuiigb his body, euteriii:.' his rieht brea.-t ; he dropped on his liice. Our people, being over|iowered by numbers, were obliged to letret over the monnlains, endiirim.- on" their march great privalions and sufferings." Thus lell, 111 the prime of inaidiood, ^me of (he most promising officers of the revolution,— one wiio-o bravery and valor, fiieiids and foes alike were lorward to acknow ledge— w hose worth, the ; d that knew linn, slid .hdi^ht lo reconnl,an(l whose imlimely hiss they ^el willi fiowine leais lament Ihe lollowing excellent letter from his pastor and the chaplain of his troops, conveyed the sad tidings ol his fdl to her, who was liiost nearly and deeply interested in ihe event: "iMosKS CaF.FK, July 21, 1777. "DuAR Mrs. Francis: " Aly heart is filled wilh compassion and sym- pathy liir yon, while I n-late the melancholv "tale of thfe fiill of my dear friend, the Ciilonel. " 'i'oii will consider this event as under t|,,. government of thai God, who has an midonbted right |o do as seemelh Him good, and ibeiefbre, endeavor lo command your passions into a silent submission to His will. If there is any consolaiiiin in the gospel, I think yon may accept it. I doubt not, your loss is bis greater gain : 1 can w iiiiess to his uniforndy good condncl in ihe army, in discoun- tenaiiciiii.' vice, and eiicoura<;ing virtue ; inset- ting before his men an example of sobriely, and an attendance upon the ilulies of piely. No offi- cer so noticed for his military accomplishinenis and regular life as he. He lived iiuiversally be- loved, the loss of him as generally lamented. While these things make you look upon your loss the greater, they might administer to your iin speakable consolation. He was not immindlid of the dangers of the field, being appointed to hriim up ihe rear-i;uard. He supposed it |iioha- bletbcy iifmht he attacked, and I lieielijie, desired me to take care id" his knapsack with what was in it, if I could not stive anything else, which I did, though I lost my clothes by doing it. He was ni good spirits when 1 p;irle"il with him the ; evening befi>re the retreat. He memioneil his i being eipndly exposed to fdl with oi|„.|>, but 1 seemed willing to commit himself to I'rovideiice, and leave the event. His conduct in ih.' field ia ' spoken of in the highest terms of apniaii.-e. He j has embalmed bis name in imniorial lame. I | must conclude by wishing yon all divine sup- : l.orts. Trust m God. He will provide l<)r you ' and the lalberless children. j "From your sincere and afi'eciioiiHte friend, " F. lllTClK.OCK." I But a most iuteicsliiig matter in relation to the ileatli ol Col. Francis was presented to us by his I surviving child, as an answer to our inipiii ies. I The ancestors ol Ccd. Frii' cis resided long in the vicinily of I'deillbrd and Cambiidi>e :'"liis niother, he thinks, was a Wbitteniore ol ib.it linn- ily at West Cambridge, long known as one of its I respeciahle fiimily names, ihe most of whom (if j ancient slanding have become intcrwoieii as | liimily relatives: she might have been an aunt, n i cousin, or even a sister, either of that " Master Whittemore," wlio was ;i class-mate at Harvard University wilh Jidiii .\dams the ehler, the tenor of the hoys who were grandtiilhers lo the picsent generation, or of the veteran Wbitlemoie, who was shot ill the bead on the retreat of Earl I Percy from l.exiiigion on the Iflili April, 177.5, and who carried the bullet lo his grave seventeen ! years afterwards: (aiff Whilieinore, a colored! slave lo Ihis family, who fought gloriously in the I r^exmgton bailie, anri acted as waller "to Col. since Gov. Brooks at Saratoga, in 1777, bad his lull porlrait many years exhibited in Hai\aid Hall at Cambridge: ohl Cuff, with his flat bat, we also recoiled. After the capture of Burgoyne's army tbev were marched to I be vicinity of Boston, anil the British soldiers were fpiiirtered upon Prospect llill, and the Hessians upon Winter Hill, il ,• for- , mer nearer and the latter more distant from Bos- ] ion: these lulls may be known as liie emiiiences norlh and sniiih ihroiigb which the Lowell rail- | roai! inns alier it passes the ancient high powder bouse four miles out of Boston. Froui jealou.sy (with or without reason) that the men ami offii-ers would not reuard their fiiirole of honor, a sliict ' guard was kept over them: the fear was lhat they ', would strenglben the hands of the enemy in the highly critical year of 1778, when the spirits of I many men of the revolution greaily flat'^^ed, and I when the enemy overran every par"t of the conn- ' try at the souih. The soldiers were guarded in i their harrack.s, and the ofiicers were not sufli red j 10 reside in Boston, but were permitted to bilh't themselves out among ihe surrounding liirmers in the coiiiuiy beyond the lines of the common ' soldier.s. A liimily of the Hessian officers ho.ud- '< ed tinder ihe roof of ihat house now siandini'in ' a jiart of Chailestow h, conslitiiiinir the lonnofi .^omerville, where the wriler was born ; and of I these a few years before her death, which occur- I red about ten years ago, an aged grandmother related to us m.-uiy aii( cdotcs : she remember- | ed well, as a vjsitor lo the officers at her hnii^e ' and a famous rider upon liorse.|,„ck, the wilii of I li-is were safe, as some related to jiis e.-cates, and if any of llie soldiers had got his ^vatoh; if she ronhl bnt ohtain that in renifin- lirani-e of her dear, dear son, she shonlil Ih.- ha|i- j)y. C.'i|p|. Ferfjiison, of oin- ref.'iinenl, who was of the paiiv, ti.ld Inr, as to tile Colonel's papers pnil |iocket"-hook, he wasfearfnl they were either J St or destroyed; hnt |iidlini; a watch li-otii his ji'oli, said, 'there, ;:imd woman, if that can make jnu hajipv, take il, and Gurl lil.'ss you.' We ,'were all I'l.iicli sin-prised, as nnacqnaimed ihat he |thad made a pnri-liase of it funn a drnmlioy. lOn seeiii;.' it, it is impossihie to desi-rihe the joy jand urief dial was depicted in hei comitenani-e ; II never in all my life lielieM siirli a streiijrth of 'passion ; she kissed it, looked imnttcrahle i;rali- tiide at Capt. rmunsoii, then kissed it airain ; her feeliiijis were iiiexpressihle ; she knew not how to express or show them; she would repay I is Uinilne.ss liy kindness, hut could only soh her |l.iaiiks; our leeliiiiis were lifted up to an iiiex- pressihle heliiht; ^ve primiised to seanth after the papers, and I hclieve al that nioiiielit, could hav.' Iiiizarded lifi' iiscit to procure ihem." Thishook was'l'homas Anliiney's, from wliicli our correspoiiileiil li;id exiraeled the accounls of ithe two haltlesaiid convenliun at r«aratOL'a, the aiilhiir a youuL: iliicer all the while in the cam- pai-nof i777ahout the persons of Gen. Biirf-oyne .and the oilier general olBcersof his;-,rmy. VVith the perusal of these volimies and that of Gen. Iiiiirgoyne, borrowed linin our correspondent, we have lieen biiihly interested. After sliowiii!: us the hook, Mr. Francis exhibited the identical AValch by the chapter of iicc^idents so icmarkably returned in the aged ilierofthe deceased Col. Francis: lb* (extract houitliebo;ik ill another !place shows that the British offictM-s knew sonie- Ihilii.' about the pajiers of Col. Francis taken Ironi bis perscni afi.'r he had lalleii. It is highly proh- lable that their examination opened to them that knowledge of his character wliic-h induced them lo eiilosize the " rebel colonel" as an intelligent brave man. The watch is of pure silver exterior ilie (iice marked with numerals siiidliir to that of many patent lever gold watidies of the pre.sent (lay: it was without doubt considered as of first 'rate eleL'auce at the time it was worn by the ow ti- ler. As ihe properly ■■f the only son, an infant ! of two moiiilisal ihelinji' of his death, the waicli, ' with the circumstances under wbiidi it returned, ■ is a precious keepsake, worthy the utteiitiou ol 1 those W'lio value theacis of our revolutionary an- ^ cestors. ^ i Cnmriiuuicated Inr the Mcinthly Visitor. '■ Extracts from -'hiburei/'s Letters upon the Campaign of 1777. A British Officer's Narrative. ' SCENES AFTEIl A BLOODY ACTION— B UBIAL OF THE DEAU— DESERTION OK IXDIA.NS, &C. j Frecm'in's Fiirm, , 1777. ' We have gained liill<; more by our victory, ihaii ■ honor; the '"AunMicans working with incessani labor to streiiL'then their left ; their right is al- ready iinallackahle. Iu>^tea'elves, .-iiid cummandeil li/l Generals whose ! adivili/ leaves no adrnnliiires nnimproveil. \ The dav afU'r oni late i-iigag nt, 1 had as I unpleasant a duly as can fill to the lot of an olli- cer, to comuiaiul the party sent out to bury the , dead, ami bring in tlic^ woiindi-d; and as we en- I ciimped mi the ground where the three British j reginieiits had bi^eii engaged, they were \v\\ ■ mrineroiis. You that are pleased to complinieni Mil' mi niv liuu.aiiily will think what I iiiiisi have felt, on seeing liCtcM'u to sixteen or twenty bnrieil ' ill one hole. I observed a litlle more decencv Ihau some parties had di;iie, who left head", leg- • and arms above ground. No other (lisli^nclioii i- I lo otficei (U- Mvldlcr panl ihaii that theollicers ai'' put 111 a boh' by themselves. Our army abound- ed with \oiiiig Officers in the suliabern line, iiiiil ill the course of this mipleasani duly, three o' the '.iOib regiment irere interreil losrelher, Ihe a-^e ien. H. A. S. Dearborn the list sunmier. Sir Francis died on the niyht of Oct. 7. V. Battle of October 7. Camhridjie, JVeio England, .\ov. 20, 1777. Dear Friend: — The despatches sent by Lord Pelei'sham relative to onr mislurlmie will have reached England long helbre this conies to hand. Yoiu' surprise then will cease at receiving a let- ter dated from this place. As every little cir- cumstance relative to a campaign cannot he given in an official despatch to he laid belbre the pidi- lic, i shall relate the transuctions of the army till the convention took place. The day after the date of my last (Oct. G) a detachment of 1500 re;.'nlar troops, with two 12 pounders, two howitzers, and six G pounders, went out betweeti eleven and twelve o'clock. The reason no doubt for the General's mareliing at this time, rather than earlier in the morning, was that in case he should not prove victorious, he had the night to tiivor bis retreat. The intention ol this detacbmeiit was to make a movement to the enemy's hli, not only to dis- cover whether there was possibility of forcing a |ia.«sage, if necessary to advance, or dislodge the enemy, in order to favor a retreat, hut likewise to cover the forage of the army, throiigb the scarci- ty of which we were in great distress. This be- luga project of much importance, (Jen. Biiigoyne took with him Geneials Phillips, Keidesel and Fraser as officers best qualified, ami wiih whose assistance be had every hope that the plan would succeed. The t'uard of the camp upon the liei::lits, was left to the command of JJrigailier Gunerals Ham- ilton and Specht, and the redoubts and plain lo Urig. Gen. Gall. This day having the quarter guard of the reg- iment, I reiiiained in camp, and of course can give you no inforinatiou as to the various posi- tions thai were taken. After the detachment hail'been out some time, we heard a very heavy firing with the ariillery an. I some little skirmishing with small arms. Ai this lime Major Campbell of the 29{U reirt. field ofiicer of the day, came lo my guard aiVl desired me to go with a sergeant and some men lo reconnoitre across two ravines in front of the guard, to listen if 1 could hear the enemy mareli- ing' tliat w;iy. All was (]uiet in that quarter, lint as the firing began to be very heavy on the lefi, 1 relurned to the guard. In this fiille circuit J A\as couviiiued how inucli the Americaus were pushed in onr late action of Sept. 19, for I met with several dead bodies of the enemy, and amongst tliem, la\ iiig close together, two men and a woman, the latter had her arms extended, and her hands grasping cartridges. Soon after my return to the gu.-ird, the firing became general and very heavy. About this time the Bat-men of the army who went out for (orage, came galloping into camp, having thrown oir their forage to save themselves and horses by flight. The gallant behaviour of an olible to every one as lo bis situ- ation,— and all the answer be could make to the many iiupiiries, was a shake of his bead expres- sive that it wasall over uilh liim. So much was he beloved, that not only officei-s and soldiers, but all the women flocked around, soliciions for his fatf. When he had reached his lent and was recovered a little from tlie liiiutness occasioned by loss of blood, be told those around him that he saw the man who shot him — he was a rifle- man in a tree. The ball entered a little below his breast and penetrated just below the back bone. After the smgeon hail dressed hisHoimd, he said to him very composedly — "Tell me, Sone, to the best of your skill and judi;ment, if you consiiler my wound mortal." He replied, "J am sorry. Sir, lo inform yoii that it is ; and ihatj/ou cannot live four and twenti/ ho\trs." He then called for pen and ink, and after making his will and distributing a few litlle tokens of regard to the officers of his suite, desired that he might be removed to the general hospital. In camp and not in personal danger, the mind is left to reflection. It is impossible to describe how much it is afl'ccted in beholding the wound- ed continually comiilir in, amid an incessant ro.ir of cannon and musketry, where perhaps many biave fellows are dyiiiji for their country — per- haps too, in ail nnsnccessfiil battle! I can never consent lo be left in camp again. Alter many honis iuipaiient aiixieiy, towards the close of the evening, the grand stroke came. 1 had litlle hope 10 become a partaker in the ac- tion ; hut ahiiut that time, the troops came pour- ing into CHmjias fi>t as they could, and shortly after. Generals Hiiri;fiyiiP, Phillips and Keidesel. It is impossible to describe the aiixioiisiiess de- picted in the counteiiaiice of Geii. Biir^oyiie, who iiiiinediately rode up to the qnarler gii.inls, and when he crime to that of our regimenl I was aiM'OSS a ravine posting a .ser;;eaiit's iruard. Upon liis enquiring eagerly for the officer.*, 1 came to him. "Sir," said the General, "yon must defend Ibis post lo the very last man." You may easily conceivo that upon receiving lliese orilers, I judged every thing to be in a dan- gerous situation. There was not a moment for thought, for the .\inericaiis, stormed with creat fury the part of ihe Light Inliiiilry under the command of Lord Bdlcanas, rushing close, u> Ihe lines under a se- vere fire of grape shot and siiiall arms. This post was defended with great spirit, and the ene- my led by Gdiieral .Vriiold, as t'allaiiily assaulted the works ; but on the General's beino wounded, the enemy were repulsed, which was not till after dark. In this attack 1 was but an observer, .•IS the quarter gii.ird was some distance from tli) lines, hut not siiffii-ienlly so as to be out of dan; irer, as the balls were coiiiiimally droppiii!.' dowi' ainongst ii.s. That you may form sorne idei with what ohstin.icy the enemy assaulted tin liiie.s bom the coiiiTnenccmeni, at uliich time i was ilark, 'till tliey were lepliUed, there was i continual sheet of "fire al u'; llie lines, and in lliiJ attack we were fully convinced of what essentia service our artillery was. Dm in^r the time tli( enemy were .so vigorously aiiacking mir lines, t party assaidted those of the Girinans commaiidet by (;ul. Breyman ; hnl either fur want id conrag^ or presence of miiiil, they, iqion the first attacl; of the enemy, were shuck vvilli siiih terror thai instead of g.-dlaiiily sustaining their lines, ihej looked oil all as lost, and aflcr fiiiii;; one volleji hastily aban ;oned tlicin. That brave officer ("ol. Breyman, in endeavoring lo rally bis sol diers was miHirlunately killed. By Ihe enemy' obtaining possession of the Giiiii.in lines iIkm gained an opening upon our ri^ht anil rear. In this engagemeut we lost many brave nfli cers. To add to the line of Gen. Fraser, Gen Bnrgoyne's .Aid de Camp, Sir Francis Clark' was killed; — Colonel Ackland wounded and i prisoner. Major Williams, M;,jor Bloomfield. am Liiiitenimt llowarth of ibe Artillery were like wise prisoners, both the latter «onniled. M.ijn B's wound was very remarkable; a shot passin iruoui;h both cheeks wilhont hurting ihe iiisidi of his month (a sini;nliir shot,) Your frien( Howarlh's wound I bear is in bis knee ; il is ver siniiular that he was prepo,«sessed with an idea (' being wounded , for when orders came lor tli, detachment, going out, he was playing picqnc with me, and after reading the orders that hi brigade of guns was to yo, he said to me, "Ga blcssyou, A , farewell, for I know not hoV il is, but 1 have a strange presenlimeiil that I shall either be killed or wounded." I was rathe snrpriserl at such an e.\pres-ion, as he is of a i::> and cheerful disposition, and cannot but say tin dining the liltle lime I could bestow in reflt:cliO| thai day, I continually dwelt upon his remark. ■ After Major Ackland was wounded, when h| ob.-erved the army were retreating, he requestei Capt. Siripson of the 31st regt. who was an int' male fi ieiid, to help him into camp, upon whic being a very stout man, he conveyed the Maji on his back, a considerable way, when the em my piirsiiiiiir so rapidly he was obli<;ed to leav him behind to save him.-ielf. .\s the Major la on the ground, he cried out to the men who wei running by him, that he would give fifty guinei; to any soldier who wcmld convey him iiilocam| A stout grenadier instantly took him on bis baci and was ha.steiiiu}; into camp, when they wer overtaken by the enemy and in.-.de prisoner Here you must naturally conceive what were lb feelings of Ltidy Harriet .Ackland, who afte hearing the whole of the action, at last receive the shock of her individual misforinne, iiiixC with the general calamity of the deleat. Whatever tavorable opinion ilie (Jeneial li.'l entertained of onr l.ile encanipment, alier ill attack he tlioui.dil our Hank liabli; to he liirnei and it would he impossible to accomplish ii honorable retreat, fearing the only secnrily i the army would consist in an ignominious fliirli as onr works would by no means resist canuii shot. Befoi'e we rpiitled them wr' heard the em my brinoing up tlnir arlilhry, no doubt with view to attack us at daybreak. Therefore laboring under tlie.se apparent disa^ vantages we had orders to quit our present situi lion, dniiiig the ni^flil, and l.nke po.-t upon tl: heights above the hospiial. By this niovemeii the whole army were now asseiiihled upon ll heights and plain, of which yon have a view i the drawing I sent yon. Our lale moveineiil, which was effected will out any loss, occasioned the enemy lo make new disposition, and on the 8lli of October, iF liaL'fiage incumbrances of llie army bein;.' rem veil, we ofTered battle, anxious for a conflict in plain, where we could discern our enemy, } liilherlo all our acltons bad been in the wood where it is iiiipi.s,~ihle to prescribe lo an am or separate body how to govern tliemselve Every diff'eient nioiion of Ihe enemy, and ll various acconnts a (ieneral receives of thei oiij;lit lo make him alter bis measures ; and the' is no lajiiig down lo a commaudlng officer any corps, other than general rules, — the re 126 ^\)C iHivmci'G iHontl)lv) llisitov. I (le|wiicliii;; iipdii hie own uoiidiict and the be- I liavioiir of his Hoops, At i)ii<; iiiii<; \vv. liilly imnginerl it vvns the inlen- lioii 1)1' llir I'lieipiy to hiive atlackffl us, as a very \ui in hue of hailh; wiih aitillciy aiKl he^aii lo I'aiiiiDii.'idi- MS. Ill iHturi), a howii/er «a.s lircd, ami a.s iva^ iiiteiirlcd, the shc-ll fi-ll siioit, ii|>oii wliich the t'liHiiiy setliiifj up a {.'iral shoiil, weie voiy iiiiic-li encoiiraffed, and kept on ( iiiiiionadiiiii;. The next lime the howitzer was so elevated that the shell till into the very centre ol a lar°e col- utnn, and inimcdialely linrst, which so di-smaycd tlieni that lliey ti.il oft' into the woods; and shewed no oilier iiileniions ol' an attack ; inileeil their caulioiis condnct dnrin;; the whole day Strongly marked a disinelmation to a general ac- tion. Early this morning (Oct. 8) Gen. Fras^tr died, and at his particular rerpiest, was hnricd without jiarade in the great redoiilit, liy the soldiers ol' Ids own corps. Ahoiit sini.sel the corpse was carried up the iiill : the proces.-ion was in view of liotli arniii's. As it passed liy Generals Bur- goyne, Phillips and Reidescl, they were struck at the plain siinpliciiy of the parade, heing only at- tended liy the otiicer.s of his suite ; hnt lest the army not heing acipiainted with the privacy that was desired, anil ronstrne it into neglect, and urged hy a n.iloral wish to pay the last iionors to him, in ihe eyes of the whole army, they joined the procession. 'Ihe eniihv with an iidinmanily peculiar to Amepi alls, cannonaded the procession as it piisM .:, and during the service over the grave.* 'i'lie account given your friend Lieutenant Free- in;. !i, was that there appeared an expressive mixture of sensiliiliiy and iiidi;;natioii upon every conntenaiice. The scene must have heen aflect- ing. In Ihe evening intelligence was hrought that the eiie:iiy were niarching to turn our right. We could prevent this hy no olher means than retreating towards Saralosa. A retreat is a m.U- ter ot Ihe highest consequence and reipiiii^s the greatest conduct in a General, as well as resolu- tion in hotli (illicers and soldier-s, for the least ini.-iiuanai'euirnt puts all into confusion. A good reliiat is hxikc^l upon as the chef d" cenvre of a comiiiander. Kvery one of the advanced corps Celt severely the loss of General Fraser, as he lliseil trrquently lo say thai if the army had the liii.-iiiriune to retreat, he would ensure with the advanced C4n))s, to hring it oil' in safjty. This was a (piece of gencralsliip he was not a lilile vain of; (ijr dining the war in (Jermany he made good his retreat, wiih live hundred chasseurs, in sight of the Fii.'iii'h army. But as covering the retre.-it of the army was of the utmost conse- ^(iieiice, General I'hillips took command of the rear guard which consisted of the advanced corps. At nine o'clock at ni^hl the army began lo move, General Ueidesel commanding the van guard. Our nilreal was made vvilhin musket HJiot of the enemy, and though greatly (Miciiiii- bered wiih liaggage, without a single loss. It was near eleven o'clock before the rear guard marched, and for near an hour, we every ino- iin;nt expected lo he attacked lin- the enemy had formed (ui the same spot as in the uiornin": we could tlisceru ihis hy the lanlHrns that the otlicers had in llieir liands, and their riding about in front of thi'ir hue ; but though the Americans pill their army in inolion that night, they diil not puisne us in ■ retreat till late the next dav. [Retreat lo, niitl Coiiveiilioii of Saratoga. Alier a iiiaieh, in which we were liable lo he attacked in from, ll,iuk and rear, 'he army on the Olh, at day-break, reached an advantageous ground, and look a posiilim very desirable lo have received the enemy. We hidtifd to refresh the troo|)s anil lo give lime for tin; batteanx to come alireasi of the army. A few day.-i pronsioii was delivered out, and it was apprehi.ndril it mi;;lit be Ihe hist, for ilion^li the moviMiieiii of the ar- my kept p: with ilie h:itte.-iu v, slill there weri^ iniiny parts of the riviT where they niight be at 'lii-n. GiitcB .ipnlnuiscd l'i>r Ihis accident. The Ainr^ii- c:iMS jaw ,1 crnwrl cil' piMiplc. iiihl nut kiiiiwins; Ihd iiccn- Bion. Itrini'^ht a Ciehl jiiccc. nr Iwt. lit hear upciii them. Hail liu-v known it liail been a lijiieial, nn a shot wonlil have been tired. tacked to great advantage, and where the army could afliu'd lliein lilile proteclion. After the troops had been refreshed, and the batteanx came up, the army proceeded forward, in very severe wi-ather, and through exceeding bad roads; and late at night arrived at Saratoga, in such a stale of liiigue, that the men had not strength to cut wood and make fires, but rather sought sleep in their wet clothes and on the wet ground, under a heavy rain which still continued, and which began lo tidi when we first retreated. The incessant rain during our retreat, was ra- ther a (iivorahle circiimstauci^, ihoiigh it impeded the army in their march, and increased its difii- cnlties, it served at the sa^ne time to retard, and in a great measure, prevented the pursuit of the enemy ; it, however, occasioned one very unhap- py necessity, that of ahandoiiiiig thesvounded: bill great praise is due to the liumanily of Gen. Gates; liir U|ion the first intelligence of ii, he sent liirward a party of light horse lo protect them from insult and plunder. The heavy r.iiii aftoided another consolation lo the men during the march, which wa.s, in case the enemy attacked n.s, the tiite of the day would have rested soleljj on the bai/oiul ; this idea pre- vailed so strongly in Ihe uiiiids of the men, tliat nonvithstandiiig they were acipiainted with the superiority of the enemy, an attack seemed to be the wish of every soldier. When the army were about lo move, after we halted, the cares and anxieties with which the General no doubt inii-t have been surrounded, were greatly inci eased by a circumstance of pri- vate distres.s, for at this time, a message was de- livered to him from that amiable woman. Lady Harriet Ackland, expressing :iii earnest desire, if it did not militate with the General's wishes, of passing to the camp of the enemy, and request- ing Gen. Gates' permission to attend her hus- band, at the same lime, subiiiitliug it entirely lo Ihe Geiieial's opinion. The General, though he had been fully con- vinced of Ihe patience and fortitude wiih which she had already eiicouiitertMl the ui;iny trying situations that liad beliilleii her, could not but express his astonishment at this proposal, as it appeared an eff'ort beyond human nature, that a woman of such a tender and delicaie frame as hers, shoidd be capable of such :m undertaking as that of delivering herself to the enemy — pro- bably in the night, and uncertain what hands she might fill inio, — especially after so long an agi- lalion of spirits, not only exh.aiisled by waul of rest, but absolutely want of food, and drenched in rain for twelve hours — :nul tiiis, too, at a lime — when far advanced in a stale where every lender care and |)recaution becomes requisite! •in the harra.ssed and fatigued situation she was in, it was no little chagrin lo the General, ihat he could allind her no assistance to cheer up her spirits for such an iiiideitaking ; he had not eve'U a cup of u ine to ofler her — but from a soldier's wife she obtained a lilile rum and dirty water. With this poor refreshment, she set out in an open boat, which was furnished by the (ielier.-il, with .a law lines of rei'uniiiiendalioii to (ieii. Gates for his proteclion. The chapl.iin, villi) had ollici.ited at Gen. Frazer's funeral, iin- derlodk to accoinp.'iny her; and wiih her wail- ing maid and the l\I:ijor's valet de ehanihre, (who then had a hall in his shoulder, which he receiv- ed in the late acliun, while searching for the Ma- jor, after he was woimdi'd,) she rowed down the river lo meet the enemy.* But to return to the army. It was not until davhght, on Ihe inoniiiig of till' lOih, that lh(^ ariillery and the List of the troops |iassiMl the I''ishkill.auil took posilion upon the heights and in the redoubts vve- had liirmerly construi'led. On our arrival al Saratoga, a corps of Ihe eiieni\ ,hetween 500 .'iiid (100, were discov- ered throwing up iiilriuichmiMils on the heights, but upon our approach, retired over the lord of the Iluilson lliver and joined a body posted to oppose oiir passage there. A detachment of aiiillccrs under a strong es- cort were sent li)r«aid to repair the bridges, and open a road on the west side of the river to * Laily .Acldanil arrived near tlio .American camp al Illiiliii.,'lil ; — Ihe b'.at was cli ijlcii'^eil l)V the sentinel, ami Bhn was ciMn|>i'llod In wail mini ilayliijiil; when her nli- ject I)eiii;.' a-cerlained by the olliccr oC Ihe i^naid, (.he wjs periililled In land, and received the utmost attention hy the American General. Fort Edward ; but the enemy being strongly posted on Ihe hi'iglits of the Fislikill,aiid making a disposition to give us bailie, ihal escort was re- called. 'J'lie provincials, who were left to cover the ailificer.s, upon a very slight attack, ran away, leavhig them lo escape as they could, without a possibility of their performing any work. \\'liile these difl'ereul movemenis wi'ie going on, the halleanx with provisions were frequently fired upon from the opposite side of the river ; some of them were lost, and several men killed and vM)unded in those that remained. On the lltli, the enemy coniinned their attacks upon the balteaux. Several were taken and re- taken ; but tlieii- situation being nearer lo the main fi)ice of the enemy than ours, it was judged necessary to land the provisions and send them up the hill, as il was impossibl.' to secure tliein by any olher means: ihis was efl^-cled under a he.ivy fire, and with the greatest ditflcnlty. The intentions of the enemy now became very apparent ; and no doubt Gen. Gales thought he should he able; lo •.'•■lin more advantage from ihe silnalioii and circumstances of our army, by cutting off our provision.?, and otherwise hai'iass- iiiir and distressing us, by the galling fire of the riflemen, who were every where placed about in the woods, than by giving us battle and running the chance of vicioi'y. The po.ssible means of farther retreat were considered in a council of war, composed of the gener.'d officers; and the only one that seemed expedient, or in Ihe leasl practicable, was attend- ed with such danger as afforded little hope of success ; but, nevertheless, the resolve was, thai it shonhl be alien pled. This was by a night march to reach Fort Edward, the troops carrv ing their provisions on their backs, leaving artillery, baggage, and other incumbrances behind, and to foice a passage al the ford either above or below thai fort. While the army were preparing for this bold and resolute undertaking, some scouts returned wiih intelligence tlint the enemy were strongly intreuclied opposite those fords, and possessed a camp on the high grounds between Fort Ed«aid and Fort Goorge, with cannon ; exclusive of wliicji ihey liiul parties down the whole shore, to watch our movements, and soitie posts so near US on onr side of ihe waler, that il was impossi- ble llie army could make the leasl inolion with- out being discovered. Notwiihsiaiiiling the number of the Americans which was hourly incieasing. Gen. Gates acted with as much precaution as if the superiority was on onr side, as the ground where he was en- camped was from its nature, and Ihe vvorks he had ilirown up, imattackahle. Our march to Fort Edward being thus pre- vented, the army was posted as well as the ground would .idmit of, forlifying our camp, and preparing for any attempts llial the enemy, from our leduced slaie, mighl be indnceil to make. The slate and situation of our army was truly ciilamitous! Worn down by a series of iiices- saiii toils, and stubborn actions; abandoned in our utmost dislres- hy the ludi.-uis ; weakened by the desertion. ;iiid disappointed as lo ihe elii- c.icy of ihe Canadians and Provincials by their liimdily ; the regular lioops re.diiced by the late heavy losses of many of our best men and dis- tinguislied officers, to only JJi-'jOO etVeclive men, of which noinher there were not ipiile '20UO Bri- tish : — in this state of weakness, no possibility of retreat, onr provisions nearly exhaiij-ted, inve.-led by an army four limes our number, that almost encircled us, who would not attack us from a knowh'dgi^ of our situation, and whose works could not he assanhed in any p.art : in this peril- ous siliiatioii, ihe men lay continually upon their aims; the enemy incessantly caniineadirig us; ami their cannon and rifle shot reaching every part of onr camp. True courage submits with great difficully to despair, and in ihl' midst of all those dangers and arduous trials, the valor and consliuicy of the Brilish troops we"c astrnishing. They slill re- laiiied their spirits in hopes that either the long expected relief from New ^'ork would arrive, which the army implicitly believed from an order which had been given out iil our c.iiiip .-il Slill- water, sl.-iling thai powerful armies were to act in co-operalion with ours; or tliat the enemy would attack u,<, which was most f'erventl_, wished for, as it would liave given us an oppor- ^I)c lavmct's iilontl)hj bisitor. 127 tiiiiiiy of (lying giillaiitly, or extr'u'atiiii; ollL•^^t'lves willi Ikiijoi-. ACter waiiiiif.' llie wliole of the l-'iili oC Ooto- lier ill jiiixioMs I'xpcctiitioii of vvliiit it iiiighi |ii'0- ercinptorily iuloniied tliat,iii)twiihstandinL'- o r reilnceil luiin- liers, if he still persisted, our final appeal sliiiiild lie to the sword, as iheUiilish troops wo.idd rush upon the enemy, iletermineil to ixive no cpiarter. Gen. Gates, ti-om having heeii once in our ser- vice, was fully convinced of vvh.it exertions Bri- tish troops were.capahle in any tiangerous emer- ffciicy : he was, therefore, rpiickly sensihie of the impidicy of coercion, and with L'reat prudence dccli-ned h.izardina a fresh confiict with men who preferred death to a di.i^^racefnl sulimission. Awed 'ly our firmness, he retracted his demands, and honoralile terms were irranted ; the particii- lars as they are undouhtedly in the Gazette, I pass over. To a reverse of fortune we yielded with hecouiing dignity ; hut onr honor was safe, and efpiaiiimity of temper inarked onr character even in aihersity. . , Gen. Biir^oyne has done every lliinpj in this convention lor the prood of the troops, consistent «ith the service of his kinj; and country : all that wisdom, valor, and a strict sense of honor could sn<.'j;est. Confident no doiilit, of having exerted himself with indefatii;ahle sniiii in their service, he will despise popul.ir clanifir, truly seiisilde that no (lerfect and imhiassed judge of actual service can cnndenm him. Addison has somewhere observed — " *Tis not in mortals to command success ;"' and as the (lopulace in this versatile aire, startle at untoward events, so onr sieneral is lialile to he expi'^ed to pulilic censure. Ample justice must raise liini in the minil of every liheral man, who will jiidije with caution, acipiii him with honor, and take him to his lieart as the soldier's friend, as a man of cool judgment, hut ardent for glory; as coniatieoiis, hut nnforlimate. The Value of onr Mnuntniii Lands. The high inonntain lands of New Hampshire and Vermont every year rise in v;ilue in the ap- preciation of the hetter jndi.'e.s. The liest (iirm- ers near the seahoard seek the inonntain pa.>lnres as the preferred summer resort for their <;ro\ving stock of young catlle, and for the heeves intend- ed for slaughter. Seldom are lliese returned to them late in tlie se.-i.-on vvheii they are not exceedingly lijt and improved : the younger cattle sometimes seem to have gained nearly iiall' their s\ze in a single siiminer feeding. Especially do the growers of sheep, fine and coarse wooled, love to send them away to the large and ample pastures upon the moniitaiii sides, where the granile hoidders and ledges are so thick as to clieat themselves into the appearance of u flock of many hundreds of these animals. IJut not only as pastures are these mountain ranges useful : as fields liir raising hay and grain, where the surfii^e is not loo rocky, tlil'y are more sure of a crop ihan iierhaps almost "any other land in the world. They |i;ive a feitilily amidst the rocks that .seems to he almost incrcilihle ; in many years the crop of grass, if not f(;d down too close, will not to depreciate. Tliere arc many thousand acres left of these lands ill this older country not yet denuded liy the woodman's iixe. It does seem to he wrong to see the large and tall maples, or heeches, in- oaks, or elegant white piiie.s, lidleii down with no other use than to he liurned into ashes to prepare the gronnil for a more profiiahle cultivation. Yet so liir is this timlier growth tiom the point where it might hi: profitahly used, that after the trees are cut down all siuts of iiiL'inions expe- dients are made use of to get rid of ihe logs as an ohstacle in the way. Some of them "hest adapted are thrown into fence: soiik^ are lidleii across to liiirii each oilier oft" at sniiahle lemrihs to he thrown into a pile; while trees of the more majestic growth are girdled to he killed in their vegetable growth, lidling to rot upon the ground on the recurrence of a liiw short seasons." These rellci tions have been sii:.'<;psleil by a fi;w miiintes conversation with our friend Kx- Oovernor Page of Haverhill, N. II. who called on us not long since in a flying visit to Concord. We are glad to find him more happy and con- tented in the enjoyment ol" his farm work at home than most of "the ambitious poliiieiaiis u ho seek public office, and especially better satisfied wilh his OH n vv\ill probably settle the (pu'siion. — ll'orces- ter (Ms.) Spy. (t^A neuileman from the county of Oxford, Maine, iidiM-ins us lliat in all Iht^ norllieiii region of that Slate the polalo crop is excei^dingly injn- red by tin: rot — in some places the vines are growing with very few ami small potatoes and thos(f mostly rotten. Oir eaily Ixiauliful ru~ly-coais are now <.'oing to lio.slon market al the rate of a do/en barrel.- II day : they are ripe ami line. t^f'lu :\\] exposed posiiioiis the early frost (if the fn-st of June has cli'.siroyed apples and other fruits Ihrough this Slate, so th;it thesis aie ex- tremely scarce. For the fn.si time have o(u- sN'ady oil-mil tribes liiiled upon tint Oincord iii- lervaie, unpposed to be killed by iVosl. 05='Nevei- were llowers more! In>anlifnl all ol one cidor than the blowing oiii of ilu; cliesnui trees in early July: the trees are full of che.smils ill the bur about hall'giuttn. So are the slitll- hark trees full of their uiits. We are apprehen- sive that botli, in this region, are destined to inju- ry from lirosl. For the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. Iloof Distemper. Mr. Editor: — As I was looking over the last '• Visiior," my iiileiiiioii was drawn to an article headeI M KK S ni KTIIO ) VOR M.WilXr. Vi;c:i:'l'AI!l.K .\.\l< li.Mfril M.WL'UKS. SKCrREO IIY LKTTER* PATK.M*. fH^III; prnprirlor niwv nflVr.': rlnhlil for vinKk' farms, for $6,00 B — ll.r.aiiliin- siilil l",.r S'W.Ol). ttinlils f„r tMWiitt mill nmiitn'S, at a prirt- propoTtuninle to tti'-ir .-Miiil luiil nsrii iilMiral impnrlaiK-c. I'crsnns (Inly q-mlili-'l ami willln:: to rngaiii', ns sprrial atiflils, r.r ilisitiistiiL' <"f ri:*lils 111 I In- several luvvns in Uie Sratr, ran liL' ailvaiiheifuusly i niployeil. /Ill cnl-rs luifl i-nnniric...- in ri-ljitiMM Id Ihr " Method," post puiilt ilirecttd iu the subsrribrr, will he dnlv aflf-mt.-fl to. lU'llli Mil) .\i;vvio.\, Geie-ral .\cenl for Ihr Slate of .N't-w llanipc^hire. .Newport, N. II., lOlh .Vngust, 1845. ikrm^rs Jllcmtljlg teitm:. ~~ ~ "conducted BV ISAAC HILL. " NUMBER 9. VOLUME VII. CONCORD, N. II., SEPTEMBER 30, 1845. !»;tor, THE FARaiER'S SIOKTHLY V riiiti.isiir.u BV ISAAC HILL, & SONS, ISSLEU ON THK I.A?T DAY OF EVERY MONTH, At Athenian Building. n^GtM:n.iL Agents—D. FooK K«ne, N H.; Tmoma. R. IIAMPTON, Washington City, D. C. ; John ««"";. ".''f'" instonHt. lloBton, Mass.; Chabi.is VVabken, nrnile> Ivoiv, WcircestiT, Mass. TKnMS To singli! subscribers, *'i/>;; Crntn. Ten per rent will be allo«cJ to tile pernon v.ho ah.ill si-nil more thiin one subscriber. Twelve copies will he sent lur the odvam-e payment of Fife noltrtr^-; twenty-five coi)i. sixty copies for 'Hnciity Dollar' "tt^Mmicy anil subscriptiov^, hij a rctriilclhn of (/le Pml MiisUr niiCcral, may in all cases U rfmiltcd hj the Post Master, fret of ''°tt'r\H eentlemcn who have heretofore acleil as Agents are teaSi'.'ted to continue their Aiienry. Old subscribers who come under the new terms, will ijlease notify us ot the names already on our books. for Ten nulla The payment in every ease to No one tastes so good Fruits as he Avho raises them. This is partiouliirly true as regards the sianll tViiitsof siinirnor. The hhtck nmlherry, it is sta- ted in the Eiicyclopedirt Americiuiu, is in iierfcc- tioii oidy a few moments, tiiid tiiat at the time when it can be iletached tiotn the tree by a slight shake of the liranohes. "All the fruit," >^ays Dr. Aleot, " but more particularly the berries, are more or less subject to the same law." The perfeciiou of the strawbeny lasts but an hour or two; and even the pea, ifie bean, and Indian corn, lose much of their freshness and flavor, by being plucked the day before they an; used. — Tliose who raise fruits, therelbre, may pluck and eat them when they aie at perfect maturity, when they are more grateful to the palate, and most oondncive to iiealth. Tliose who buy llirrn, on iheeoiitrary, must liny those that are' premature- ly gathered, or which have passed their best slate, and are iu tlie ineipieut process of decay. In general, part of these objections lie against the summer fruits which are sold in the market — they are gathered before they are ripe, and they tire in the progress of decay. How impor- tant is it, therefore, that the lovers of good fruit, should tidie care to have it iu perfection by se- lecting and cultivating the choice varieties. "'I'he jui(;es of all green fruits," says Dr. A 1- cot,"are diflerent from those of ripe ones. — Their acids are less wholesome than after they are changed by the action of the sun in ripening, nor does the addition of saccharine substance, in preparing them, at all change their real nature. They are only concealed. The o.xalic acid is still oxalic aciil, cook green fruit as you will. No culinary proces.-, I repeat, can be constituted for, or produce the effect of the solar action. The Creator, in many instances, by means of the sun, performs the most perfect culinary processes, and nature is often the best kitchen and cook. The use of ripe fruits is admirably adapted to allay the feverish irritation of the stoiriach and bowels, at the seasons when they severally come to maturity; but unripe fruits, or those in the in- cipient stages of decay, are calculated to increase these excitements, and to generate disease. Fruits should always become ripe in their own natural way, and be eaten when they are in their highest jjerfeciion. — Mbany Cultivator. Value of Urine as a illannre. To show the fertilizing effects of urine as a manure, Sir John Sinclair says: "iiverv sort of mine contains the essential elements of vegetables in a state of solution.— The urine of a horse being so much lighter, would he more Viiluable than il.i dung, if both_ nuist be convcyeil to any disttmcc. The urine of six cows or horses, will enrich a quantity of earth sufliclent 10 top-dress one English acre of grass land ; ami as it would retpjiro £t worth of dniTg to perform the same operation, the urine of a cow or horse is worth about V2 shillings per an- ntun, allowing 8 shillings per acre as the expense of pre|)aring the compost. The advantages of irrisaling grass lauds with cow urine, almost ex- ceeds belief Mr. llarlcy of Glaslenbury, who keeps a large dairy iu that town, by using cow urine, cuts some small fields of grass six times ; and the average of each cutting is fifteen iuches in length." This fact furnishes strong proof, from the very best som-ce, of the great value of m-iue as ma- nure, and it suggests a most siriking truth to the ininany present there was not one who did not seem to he both surprised and delighted with the performance of the plough, it may be asked how it comes that this plough and the Worcester county ploughs, IMi-ssrs. Kug- ples, Nourse &. Mason's were coudenuicd at the fair of the English Agricidtural Society last year. iVor in it easy to answer the question. — Prejudice, national prejudice may have had some- thing to do with it. All we can say is, thai some of the committee at least were practical men ; we have reported only that which we saw. — Moreover, there was present on the grounil an English |iloughman, recently arrived, wlio.se judgujent was pi.'rfectly unbiassed, who pronoun- ced this equal to any EuL'lish plough he had ever handled, ami fully concurred with the connniltee in the opinion expressed by thcTu. J. B. NoTT, Albany County. T. IllI.I.HOUSF., " JoHK McvEA.N, Momoe County. C. Hannan, Genesee County. .Salt sown to kill Worms. — Mr. Wm. Tri- bou of Nortli Bridgewater, tells us he h;is been sowing salt auioug his oats for the piu'pose of killing the worms that infested the soil. He veniurcd to sow six bushels of cheap salt to the acre, with his seed oats, and he says he has nev- er raised so fine a harvest at atiy lime. lie fiowcd grass-seed at the same time, and hf says his grass has been as much hcnefiilcd as his oats — lie can see a plain diffcrenc'e between that part of the field where he sowed salt two years ago and that where none was sown. Our readers may remendier that we have ad- vised to sow as many as five busliels per acre in the sprinc, and gave an opinion that such a quan- tity would do no injury — that in the fiill, on fil- low grotmd, tliree times as mucli maybe sown with safety. We want more trials to determine how much may be sown in the spring with En- glish grain. Mr. Trihou is satisfied that salt will destroy the common worms that inlijst our gardens and fields^it may be that enough may he applied to kill evejy worm in a ganlen, if it is sown in Sep- tember, when it will not be likely to injure veg- etal ion. — Mms. Ploushman. From the Farmers* Cabinet. Thaer's Principles of Agriculture. Mr. Editor: — 1 design, with your permission, to give to your readers some knowledge of a work published in Germany in 1844, cMtillepears to have been, with a strong mind, earueslly en- gaged for years in a single pursuit, may, and ought to have struck out something of inlcrest 10 his liroiher cultivalors. Of this we sliall he made aware, as we pjoceed in the ex.-unination of the work. It may be as well, pcihap.s, to cn- comajie an esteem (or the writer's ot iniuns, and to give ihein all the authority possilili', to say who and what he was. Thaer was a llaiiuverian, horn in the town of Celle, in 17.V2; he wiis the sou of a physician, and educated liir the medical profession; alter practicing for some yeius, hi^ retired and devoted the rest of his life to agri- cultme. lie appears to have been an enthusiast, fi)r though living at a time when Europe was cfuivulsed by Bonaparte's nujbition, ami he him- sellj in his peaceful occupation, was surrounded by the ring of arms, and was al length obliged to desert his country, yet he does not seem even lor a moment to have ihonght of giving u\) his pm'- siiil — having once put his hands to the plough, he looked iu)t back. Ibnioi-s were showerecl upon him from all parts of Europe ; noblemen and princes sought his acqiiainlance ; all men honored him because he was usefid. Af"ter n ca- reer of high merit, he died at an advanced uge, in le-^a I now propose to myself the pleasirre of in- troducing lo the readers of the Farmers' Cabinet, Bonio of the ideas and modes of proceeding of this estimable person. As one of the most in- teresting topics to all agriculturists, I will begin with the chapter On Manuring the Suil. — Manures are of t«o sorts, those which nourish the plant hy bccnm- iug, as it were, its food, and those which stimu- late it.s growth by chenjical deconqiositiojis and combiualious. It is not easy to iletine the way m which each n ai/Ure produces its eft'ect : but it is very important that we should make the en- deavor to discover it, as it is mily by attaining or sipproximaling towards the real effect, that we can appreciate its value or feel antliorized lo dis- canl any particular maimre, or to cmitinue its use. I5ut in making this attempt, we strike upon one of the greatest difticidlies in the mauage- meiit of land — the power of deciding as to tho soils and manures that are fitted for each other. In a practical point of view there is no subject more iliflieiilt, and no knowledge more iliflicult to attain; Cora longtime, and time of great value to the IJiriner, may be wasted before he is enabled to say whether lie i.s treating his soil in the right muiiner. It is true that all scjils uj.iy coniain the aliments necessary for every kind of plant, but they are not in equal proportions; for this reason one kind of land favors the vegetation of one kind of plant, and another some other kind of totally a different iialiue. And in this way it is a nice point in the management of land, to know what our land is tilted lo produce, and w hat kind of manure is calculated for this particular pro- duct. Our author makes an important disiiiic- tion li-itueen vcgetabh; anil animal manure. The first, he says, appears to act on plants solely as an aliment, while the last acts on the soil as well as on the plants which vegetate there. Mineral manures, lime, plaster, &c., which contain no organic bodies, and, of course, nothing to be de- competed, act almost euiirely by rendering those pans of the suil soluble, which were before in- soluble, and by lavoiing and accelerating decom- position. The manures in coumion use, are composed partly of vegetable and partly of ani- mal biilislances; the vegetalile mailer, from not being Ko easily soluble as the animal, p'reventsor reslraiiis the too rapid decomposition of these last, and makes their effect more lasting. The vegetalilc matter would indeed liave but little effect, unless animalized, by first passing through the bodies of animals; while on the other hand, the vegelalile are made to decompose more rap- idly liy the addition of animal subslances. The value ol' these manures does not depetnl on the quatilily so much as their quality. This is a poiiil very little attended lo. They should be from the liest animal.-:, fed in the best manner, for that «hich comes from an animal will be of lit- tle value unless that which tfocs into him is of the best sort. Let an animal be fed on bad hay, or bad grain or straw, or any coarse material, with liiili; or no nutriment in it, how can it be expected that the manure it makes can enrich llie earth, when the creature itself is ill-led and lialf-surved. To produce the best manure the food must be of the best sort; or to say the same thing in other words, the animal should be in the bi'st health. Our author goes wiih some miiinie- uess into tlie nature of stalilo nmnure, but it is iiol necessary lo alarm our sensitive agrieiilural readers with any scientific details, however cor- rect "y /"yf- long winter evenings and the middle of hot days in shimmer, (while my neighbors have spent tlieir time in idleness and jesting of my folly,) 1 have been taking lessons from the best agriculturists of the aae, which, aside from the pleasure, has p oved a 'valuable investment ,n dollars and S,and while they have been delving with an nl.l ftshioned hoe or axe, or scratching their g ound wUh a plough ill adapted to the sojl, the fnformation thus acquu-e(l has enabled me to 132 ®l)e JTarmer's iHcmtl)!!} bioitor. procure belter articles, thut liave saved iniicli tidic, patience and profit. In short, I'ur all that I have nrouiid me that is not CO mmoti in these ports, 1 am indebted to these vipfirS) foi' they not only give the needed practical inforinnlion, hut what is worth full as much, they are a great incentive to action." Well, well, thought I, if this is the hook Ibrniinp against which I have heard so much said, would to God all were book farmers in the laud ; and I resolved forthwith to become one myself. B. SMITH. The late New Vork State Fair— Agricultural £nthusiaiiin — Increasing Respect for Labor. To those who have attended the successive Slate Fairs of New-York, comparisons between the past and the Present will be at once suggest- ed. Not only the absolute change which is so clearly manilest, but the spirit at work strikes the mind with /pleasurable wonder and pride. Four years since, wlien the first State Fair was called at Albany, it ivas considered a matter of doubt whether the great experiment would succeed. Jt was deemed more than questiona- ble whether even a sufficient number of visitors could be induced to come there, to pay the ex- penses in getting up these Farmers' Festivals. That Fair was held, and it succeeded beyond the most sanguine expectation. It was found to be a most attractive place to visit. Those who went, messenger-like, soon spread the news in their several localities, and those who neglected to go, afterwards regretted that they had lost so much pleasure. The next State Fair was held at Syracuse. The gathering was large, and the exhibition fine. The next at Rochester, where Western New- York poured out its richest trea- sures and its thousands and tens of tliousonds of people. In 1844, it was given to the Hudson River Counties at Ponglikeepsie, and most no- bly did Eastern New-York repay that honor, by an exhibition worthy of her past reputation, while the people gathered there not by thou- sands, but tens of thousands, to celebrate this great annual holy-day. In 1815 the Fair was awarded to Central New- York at Utica, from which 80 many thousands have recently returned to their homes, and where the exhibition in the really useful has surpassed that of any previous year. At every successive Fair there has been an in- creasing interest evinced, imtil now the enthusi- asm has become so wide-spread among all class- es, that the question is not. Have you been there.' but rather. Have you not been there? One of the best evidences of this deepening and pervading interest is the increased attend- ance of ladies, whose presence is thus calculated to dignify and a prepare the soil. Soil.— A good soil is the most importr.nt requi- site. Having marked out the size of the bed, if the earth is not naturally very rich and deep, preparations should he made to trench n. Fust cover the surface with thieeor fourmchfa of hog earlh if to he |nocured, or, in it.s place, leaf soil, and if these are not conveniently to he hiul.good old rotten hot-bed manure, which has laid at least six or eight mouths: that from hot-lieds made in April will do lor use in the following Octolier, and if a portion of the bed was leaves, it is so much tiie more to be preferred. Having !^(. read the manure upon the surfare, it should then be trenched in two sjiades deep, or about eighteen inches, placing the manure at the bot- tom of the trench. Level the surluce, and spade in an inch or two more of the same kind ot ma- nure, and after allowing a week for the bed to settle, it will be ready for planting. Procuring Plants.— 'Ute success of planting out depenfls considerably upon a judicious se- lection of jilants. Suckers of all sizes are gen- erally thrown up, and many cuhivators would naturally select the largest: such, however, are not the best; those of medium size, neither loo large nor too small, have the finest roots, and spread more rapidly than the others, lu select- ing, reference should be had to the roots rather than the tops. , , , , . Planting o«<.— Having prepared the beds, and secured a sufficient number of plants, prepara- tions may be made for setting out. A spade, a rake, and b garden hoe will \k the proper im- plements to accomplish this. The bed being marked out, stretch the line across the bed, from east to west, at the ilistance of two feet from-the walk: commence on either side of the line at one cud, hy taking out the earth the width and depth of the spade; place in the plant against the lliii', and throw the soil out of the second hole to hll up the first: in this way proceed un- til the whole bed is planted, treading the soil li"htly around each plant ; with the rakesmooth and level the whole, and the work is finished. The rows should be three feol apart, and the plant three feet apart in the rows. Winter Treatment.— On the approach of cold weather it will be necessary to tiroteci (he plants llir the winter. The best method of doing this is simply to bend the branches down to the grouiul, and cover them with four or five inches of ihe soil. Some cultivators use leaves, and others coarse muiinre, but we believe nothing answers better than the common soil in which they grow. Summer Treatment —An soon as danger ot cold weather is over. which is generally the first of in good condition, ine neust^nouiu uavc iing of two or three inches of compost intumu. This should he laid on in Octo- weaiuei IB v^v^^i, •••'• -- c).--'- .' April, the i)lants should be uncovered, and a stake daced to each, to which the stems should be securely tied : the first summer very little must be expected from the plantation, and only a few suckers will be thrown up from each plant; but hy the second year they will be more numerous, and produce considerable iiuit. As soon as the plants are tied up, proceed to level the ground, and give it a neat finish with the rake: the only after culture is to keep down the weeds, and the surface loose, hy occasional hoeings. .iutumnal Dressings.— EtmcWms the bed at time of planting is not suflR-ient to keep the plants in good condition. The beds should have a dressi every aniuimi. .......-- -- , ber and lightly forked in, bearing in mind that a mixture of bog earlh, or leaf soil and manure, is better for the plants than all manure. This will encourage the growih of the roots, and in the spring the suckers which are thrown up to (brill the bearing plants of the next season, will be much stronger. , ., , • , jPruii!«a'.— Th-c raspherry can hardly be said to need pVutiiiig in the common acceptation of that term. All that is required is to shorten the most vigorous bearing stems, and to cut away the old wood after it has produced its Irtiit. The second summer after planting, the plants wil throw upa qiiantitv of suckers: if nuinurous and small, four or five of the best should he left then- entire length; if large and strong, they should be shortened to tour or five feet, and the superflu- ous ones rooted up, unless wanted to torm new plantations. , • • j Genera/ Remarks.— As the raspberry is a rapid grower, after it once lakes hold of the soil, quan- Ulies ol' suckers will spring up, which, in the coniseof lour or five years, will weaken the plants. On this account new' plantations should he made every tilth or sixth year, and the soil trenched and renewed by the application of the compost already mentioned. , , , The ras|)berry is rarely attacked by insects. We are not aware that we have ever been trou- bled with any during our cultivation of this fruit, for upwards of fifteen years. On this account, it requires very little care at the hands ot the culti- vator. As u market fruit it is particularly worthy of attention, requiring less care than the stravv- beri-y, easier (licked, and the finer sorts command- ins a good price. . The following is a list of the best kinds now cultivated A few of them are new, and, as yet, not very extensively known. The kmds we would recommend are the white and red Ant- werp, and the Franconia ; for larger gardens, all the others may be added, which will affoi;d a L'reat variety, and a succession of Iruit. ihe names, with the exception of the ihiee last, are according to the London Horticultural Society s Catalogue. Description of the Different Varieties. Red Antiverp.—0( fine size, excellent flavor, and productive ; one of the best. . Yelloiv Anlwerp.-Syn. White Aiitwerp. Simi- lar to the last, except in the color ol the ber- ries; n delicious fruit, but does not bear car- riage well. . . , Barr,H.~Syn. Cornwall's Prolific A f^ne, large red fruit, productive and excellent, but does not bear carriage well. Comtnon Red.—Syn. Old red. The old kind of the garden. An indiflferent bearer, and of in- ferior quality. Double Bearing.— Syn. Perpetual hearing. Said to he a good and productive kind, having the merit of producing one crop in July, and an- other in September. Franconia.— Syn. Seedling Grape. Quo of the most productive and finest kinds euliivated around Boston. Fruit red, large and hand- some. The origin of this sort is unknown.^ It was originally received from Vilmorin, of Paris, by S. G. Perkins, Esq., of Brookline. JVeic Red Antwerp.— ll promises to bo, so fur as wo have tried it, a very fine variety. Cretan Red.— A fine variety, the fruit large and handsome, rather more tart than the Antwerp, and continues in bearing a long lime, which renders it highly valuable. Besides the above eight sorts, the new Turkish Turban, Victoria, Brentford, Spring Grove, and the 0/ii'o Ever-bearing, are recommended as very fine kinds. To those who have room, we would advise a trial of them. . [Since the above was written, a new variety of the Raspberry called the Fastolff has been intro- duced. It is highly extolled in England, but has not been tested in this country to any extent, but roots are in much demand this spring.] Meteorological Observations at Concord, Tal:tJi junt before sun-rise ami 3 o'clock P. M. BY A. CHANDIiER. £1 , Wind. Cloitis. m.>. 1 1 1 e F~ 6* < fi K ^ ^ (5 K ■k% Ckaraetcr of Clouds, etc. 1 31 76 2 50 M. 4 T. 6 VV. 6 T. 7 F. 8 S. 9 S. JO M. 11 T. 12 W.13 T. 14 F. 15 S. 16 T. 19 W.20 T. 31 F. 22 S. 23 S. St M. 25 T. 26 W.27 T. 28 69 76 67 73 69 .'4 62 81 69 80 71 80 73 so 75 81 ;9 82 74 85 78 80 76 .40 77 .61 68 .65 .66 .70 .79 .81 29.66 .85 .90 .87 .87 .84 .82 .75 .76 .76 .77 .76 .75 .7) .70 .67 .69 .70 .66 .54 .44 .33 .33 W. — licirrus. . W. 3 — 0 H. 2 — 0 S. 1 — 0 — 0 0 S. W. 6 S. W. 9 S. W. 9 N. W. 9 — 0 N. W. 4 N.W. 1 N. W 75 71 79 70 -.74 .80164 29 N.W. 3 — 0 S. 2 S. 1 S. 3 — 0 N. W. 2 — 0 W. — 0 N. W. 1 N. VV Oj W, 2 — 0 1 0 [67 30 52 68 31150 m .72170 .74 80 .80 73 .7879 .74 74 — 1 N.W. 10 _ 0 S. 6 S. 10 — 9 10 N.W. W. N.W. S. E. S. E. S. E. .66 .65 .70 .73 .68 .68 .67 .70 .67 .60 .64 .69 .66 .75 .90 .99 .92 .70 .55 .55 .58 S. E. S. E. E. 9. E. S. E. 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 3 1 1 0 N. W. 2 — 0 N. W. 1 — 0 N.W.I — 0 N. E. 1 — 0 N. W. 1 — 0 S. 3 S. E. 1 _ 0 _ 0 N. W. 9 cirrus ami foggy. ciiiniilo-stratUB. cirro-stratus. cirrii and cumulo Btralus. dense fog. cumulo- stratus. cirro-stratus. cumuli. cirro-stratus. faint-cini. cirro-cumulus. cirro-cumulus. dense fog. cirri and cumuli. cirro-stratus. sprinkling of a ehowftr. dense fog. cumulo-slratus. cirro-stratus. cirro-stratus. cirro-stratus. cirro-stratus. cirrus. ciiro cumulus. cirro-stratus. cirro and cumulo-stratu?. cirro stratus. cirri. cirro-stratuo. hazy. dense fog. hazy. cirro-stratus and mist. cirro-stratus. cii-ro-slralus. cumulo-stratuf. dense fog. haze. cirro-stratus. all kinds. [night. clno-st. light rain in the S. 10 cirro-stratus 10 tight rain. S. E. 9 cirro-stratus. — 0 dense fog. — 4 cumuli. — 3|cirro-stratus. — Sicirrus. S. E. S. N. W. 7 N. VV. 2 S. 10 N. E. 10 _ 0 N. W. 7 — 0 S. 4 S. 9 — 10 — 0 — 0 cirro-stratus. cirro-cumulus. cirro-stratus. cirro-stratus. dense fog. cumulo-stratuB.' dense fog. ciimulo-stratus. cirro-stratus. cirro-stratus. dense fog. clear. Prom the third of July to the twenty-first of August, there did no7 more than a quarter of an inch of ram or what would moistenXgroSnd about an inch deep, fall at uny one time. ?hL whole amount of rain between tlie two dates being less o,.n one inrh^ The whole amount in July and August being •a'ruttuHnchesTand three quarters ot- It fell the three .Irrt days of July and the last week of August. To Preveist Moulding in Books, Ink, Pa3t«, AND LF.*THER.-Collectors of books wi I not be sorry to learn that a few drops of oil of lavender 134 ^\)t iTarmer's iHontl)lij btaitor. will insure their libraries from this pest. A sin- gle drop of the same will prevent a pint of ink from uiouldiness for any length of time. Paste may be kept from mould entirely by this addi- tion ; and leather is also efTectiially secured Ironi injury by the same agency. — .4wi. ^Ig. New Seedling Strawberry. C. M. HovEY, editor of the Magazine of Horti- culture, has produced another seedling strawber- ry, which he calls the Boston Pine, and describes as possessing very valuable qualities. " The fruit, very large, roundish or slightly conical, always very regular in form : Color, deep, rich, shining red : Seeds imbedded in a rather deep cavity : Flesh, pale scarlet, solid, fine grained, very juicy, sweet and rich, with a high and most delicious flavor : Footstalks, long and spreading, elevating the fruit from the ground : Flowers, large and perfect, possessing both stamens and pistils : Leaves, large, of a lighter and duller green than deeply and sharply serrated : Vines, exceedingly hardy and vigorous : Ripe nearly as Hovey's Seedling, narrower, and much more early as the Old Scarlet or Virginia, filling up the season be- tween that kind and Hovey's Seedling, when there is no other of etjual merit. "The sterile and fertile characterof the straw- berry has been a subject of much discussion in our pages, and no perfectly satisfactory result has been arrived at. But enough information has been elicited to show, that with some sorts there is a tendency to barrenness, when growing in a plantation away from other kinds. Let the caus- es be whatever they rriay, it is sufficient for all practical purposes to know, that the most abun- dant crops can be procured by planting some sort abounding with staminate flowers, in the near vi- cinity of those which do not possess them : and whether soil, climate, cultivation, injudicious se- lection of plants, or a normal defect in the organ- ization of the flowers, prevent the production of pollen, a certain crop may be depended upon. — Thus in a plantation of Hovey's Seedling, a sin- gle row of the Old Scarlet or Boston Pine, will fertilize a dozen rows of the former. W^e know of one gentleman who has raised two thousand (juarls of Hovey's Seedling on a single acre, set out in this way, the present year. It is time and labor thrown away to cultivate sterile plants, us has been recommended by some individuals, when varieties, unusually productive and of large size can be planted out for that purpose. It is in this respect, that we view our new seedling ns inval- uable to every good collection of strawberries. " We have given great attention to the straw- berry, and cultivated all the varieties introduced for the last twenty years, and proved nearly twen- ty sorts the present season. Of the whole num- ber, however, there are only four which can be recommended for general cultivation. Otlier.s will do for the amateur, who minds not time nor expense to ensure their growth ; but our object has been to produce fruit fit for the " million ;" varieties which need not the fostering care of the gardener, or which heed the intense cold of om- northern clime, — bm such as with ordinary care may always, and in every soil, be depended upon for a crop. Wo started with such a piupose In view, and wo believe it has been accomplished. Should an o|>portunity present, we hope to give an article, showing the comparative merit of the varieties we fruited the present year. " The four varieties are the Old Scarlet or Enr- ly Virginia, the best and largest very early varie- ty: the Boston Pine to succeed it, and iu small gardens to take its place : Hovey's Seedling, and the conunon Ked Wood. These will give a continued succession of splendid fruit of un- surpassed excellence, from early in Jime to the end of July, a space of two months ; and when desired, with some care, the Al|)inc will prolong the season to October. The market aflbrds the best test of the superiority of any kind for gene- ral cultivation. Let a comparison bo made, of the supply, and the sorts, three years ago, with the past season. Keen's Seeilling, imported in 182tj, out of all tho foreign kimis, was the otdy largo one to be seen, and that exceedingly ncarre. This year nearly tho whole stock consisted of Hovey's Seedling, and Early Virginia, and the Wood : three cultivators alono sending to Boslcin market more than four thousand five hundred quarts of the former variety." From the N. Y. Journal of Commerce. The Alpaca or Peruvian Sheep. It is now four years since we invited public attention to this useful and most bcautiliil ani- mal, giving also, at that time, a fine wood cut of the same. Until very recently, we have seldom observed any notices of the animal, ami have heard of no attempts to introduce and naturalize it in the United Slates. Some (acts in regard to it are contained iu the last report of Mr. Ells- worth (late of the Patent Office,) and a late num- ber of the Baltimore American stales that an in- telligent agriculturalist of Alabama strongly re- commends the importation of these animals, and estimates, that if pmchased in South Amer- ica at five dollars, they might ho bruiiglit to Mo- bile and sold there for twenty dollars per head. It is well known that the manufactiue of the .4/- /Jaca wool into a fine and durable cloth, has in- creased rapidly in Great Britain during the last few years, and efforts are making to naturalize the animal in that country. William Walton, Esq., of London, who formerly resided for a time in Lima, has published much on the subject, and contributed more than any other (lerson to ex- cite a desire for the introduction of the aniinal into the mountainous districts of Wales and Scotland. That this fine animal would thrive in the mountainous regions of Tennessee, Geor- gia, and Virginia, and very possibly in most parts of the country, we have little doubt. And as the growing and manufacture of wool are be- coming interests of great value in the United Slates, we hope some of our enterprising citi- zens will make a fair experiment in regard to the adaptation of the Alpaca to our country and climate. Four years ago the animal sold iu Great Britain for more than one hundred dollars a head, but we jiresume it may he brought to the United States and sold at a lower price. We extr.ict the following statement from an article bv ftlr. Walton: "In Peru the alpaca is only shorn every third year, towards the month of April, wlieii ihe wool is usually eight inches long on tho hack, and nine on the sides. In each year it conse- quently grows about 3 inches, so that if Ihe al- paca were stripped of his fleece at the end of the second year, the staple would still be six inch- es long, a more suitable length, one wouki imag- ine, for the purposes of manufacture. The Peruvian sheep are peculiar to that part of South America, bordering on the Pai-ific, which extends liom the equator beyond the Tropic of Capricorn, that long and enormous range of mountains known as the Andes Cordil- luias. Along the massive pile every imaginable degree of temperature may be found in successive gradation. Below stretches a narrow strip of land, washed by the sea, where the heat is intense and it never rains, but where, owing to heavy ilews and filtration from the mountains, vegeta- tion is luxuriant and an eternal spring reigns. — As one ascends, the aspect of the country chang- es and new plants appear ; but no sooner are the middle summits gained, and the sun has lost its power, than those cold and icy regions rise up, one above the other, called hy the natives yjUHHS, which are again crowned with rocky crests, bro- ken by deep ravines and rugged chasms, and preseiiliug a wilderness of crags and cliffs never trodden by the human footste[>, and never dark- ened, except by a passing cloud, or the eagle's wing. In tlie land ol' iniHt and »now, " Mori' Willi, ami waste, and ilesidute than wirrre The wliite bear, drifting on a litdd of ice, Itowia m her sundered cubs witli pileouti rage And savage agony," or rather in the hollows which surround it, feed the guauaco and vicuna, at an elevation of I'i.OOO or 11,000 feet above the level of the sea; while iu the lower regions, stretching immediately un- der the snowy bidt, and when; the Indian fixes his abode, at a height Irom 8,000 to 10,000 feet, may he seen pasturing iho.ie fliiekH of llamas and alpacas which constitute his dtdifiht, auil at the Biimo time the principal part of his piopeity.* Here amidst bioki-n and precipitous peaks, on tho parapots and pi'ojectiug ledges, sliglilly cov- ered with earth, or in the valleys formed by the *'i"iio town of Riobainba is estimated at 11,670 feet above Ihe level of the sea. The convent of Mont St. llernard is H.OlO, anil that of St. Gothard G.SIO : while Ben Nevis (Srot- lanil,) the highest point in the United IvJngdom, ie only 4,^70 fiset abnv? tho level of Ih" «ea. mountain ridges, like the Pyrenean chamois, the llama and alpaca pick up a precarious sulisist- ence from the mosses, lichens, tender shrubs, and grassy plants which make their appearance as the snow recedes; or, descending lower down, revel iu the pajonales, or, as iu some parts of the country they are called, ichuales — natural mead- ows of the tVAu plant, the favorite ibod of both ihe tame and wild kind. Thus the hand of man never jirepares food for either species, both read- ily find it on their native mountains. Bi.'sides the extremes of cold, these anitnals have equally to endure the severities of a damp atmosphere, for while below it seldom rains, in the summer months, when evaporation Irom the sea is abun- dant, clouds collect, and being driven over the lower valley by stiong winds IVomthe south and west, and condinsed by the colli, binst on the highlands, where tlie rain falls in torrents amidst llie most awful thunder and lightning. It will be obvious thai one of these animals is pieeiuinently useful, and on account of the fine- ness and abundance of its fleece, deserves adop- tion in an agricultural and manutacturiug coun- try ; I mean the alpaca. This advantage, I repeat, we should gain hy naturalizing the alpaca. However bleak and damp the situation, little does it matter for an an- imal requiiiiig neither fold nor manger, and living ill wild and desolate places, where the tender is olien obliged to collect the dung of his flocks to serve as fuel for himself Although delicate in appearance, the alpaca is, perhaps, one of the hardiest animals of the creation; his abstinence has already been noticed. Nature has provided him with a thick skin and a warm fleece, and as he never perspires, like the ordinary sheep, he is' not so susceptible of cold. There is, theiidbre, no necessity to smear his coat with tar and but- tei-, as the larmers are obliged to do willi their flocks ill Scotland, a process uhicli, besides be- ing iioublesome and expensive, injures the wool, as it is no longer fit to make into white sioods, nor will it take light and hrif;lit colors. In the severest winter the alpaca asks no extra care, and his teeth being well adapted to crop the rushes and coarse grass with which our rnoors abound, he will be satisfied with the refuse left upon them. In a word, he would live where sheep must he in danger of starving. Besides stocking our waste lands, the alpaca is likely to become a fiivorite tenant of tho park, where its fine figure, graceful attitudes, placid disposition, and playful gambol.--, would excite interest. In 1811, when Mr. Cio.-s exhiliited his liist alpaca in Loudon, the late Lady Liverpool repeatedly went lo see it, and so much was she delighted with its beauty, the soilness and brill- iancy of its coat, and its animated and beaming teatnres, that she kissed it as if it had been a child, and had it tmiied loose on her own lawn, iu order that she might witness its movements when freed tiom resiiaint." This animal seems destined to compete with the deer. Its flesh, which, as well as its wool, would doubtless improve, is considered equal to venison, and pecnii irly well adapted for hams. Its skill, wlu'n prepared, might he appropriated to various uses, such as tho making of accoutre- ments, traces, straps, &c. The specimen of a Peruvian bridle submitted to the Liver|)ool Nat- ural History Society by General O'Brien, and made from ilic untanned alpaca skin, will bear me out in this nsserlioii. Already dues this iii- teristing animal adorn the jdeasure grounds of the Eiul of Derby, at Ivnowsley, iu Lancajhire; the Marquess of Breadalhane, at Aberfeldy, Perthshire; .1. J. Ilegan, Esq., Harrow Hull, Cheshire ; Charles Tayleure, l'',sq., near Liver- pool ; Mr. Stephenson of Oban, and others. The task of obtaining suitable breeds of the alpaca is by no means a dilficnlt one, and in our attempts to naturalize them we ought to feel tho more encouraged when we reflect on the recent changes in the growth and supplies of sheep's wool, and how soon a liirming stock propagates under judicious jnanagement. It must be equal- ly borne in miml, that iu u.>iing alpaca wool we are not competing with that of our own sheep, but rather with thai of the .\iif;ora goat (mohair) .'ind silk ; aiitl the manufacture, it has been us- corlaiiied, does not cost half so much as that of the latter. The importations of alpaca wool into Liver- pool have steadily advanced siiu-e the articis be- '^l)7l(irmcv;5jn^^ 135 tl ca.ne known to the m.-.nufact.M-e.-, the best proofj of its woitli. I.I 1»^'' tliey MOH.uiae.l to 8,000 ] lie:, in 1*30, to 12,800; in 1837, to .7,o00 ; m 1838, «" 2.->.705 ; in 183i), to 34,5 3; and n. 1840, to 34 224— more tlian qnadinpled m six yeaiB. Since 183(J on., Livei-iiool In.nse alone . a. nn- portHei lb. Ln.«t year the quantity of biitler that reached |„ Undson river by the way of the, Erie Canal was upwards of IwciUj-lhrce mMwn pounds, yal- ,,,.,1 at nearly two millions ot dollars. he ,,„antity this vear, it is .snpposed will be one hall less, in consequence of the droiight. P.cKLiNG^^I^^^I^^i^^^^^Qii^^i^^e^^ lien;! of the eahhase-, pnt the parts in a kei^YprmU e on them a ^-ood quantity ol ^""' "'"' .^ ,.;'^, remain five or six days. • To u gallon ot vinegai n,u an ounce of mace, ami one ot pepi^n coins ,,,,,1 cinnamon. Cloves and allspice may be ad- ded, hut they darken the color o the cabba^e.- Itea.ihe vinegar scaldin,' hot, add a hule alnm. „,„| , urn it while hot on the cabbage, the .«alt le- ,„Mi,int.'. It is necessary to turn the vine}:,, from the eal)l)a-e several times, and scaldinj,' it, return it a"ain while hot. This makes them ten- thv. Pmple cabbafjes, the heads not larpe, but line and lirm, are best for picklmg.-^f6. tult. CoL. U. S. Randall's Merino Sheep.— Last season we noticed the enormous clip of thelMe- M o sheep of Col. Henry S. Randall, of tins yi - I.,,,,. This season we, learn that Ins Panl.u s'tock, inclndins two rams, averaged over six nonnds of iKdi !Ms7i«i wool per bead . Athiee v.'ar old ram sheared 131bs. 8oz., (ihe heavies ilcKce we beli.we, ever taken Irom -^threc yen< old Merino in the U. S.,) and a yf"'-^";?;^ .^'^-f „i. Many of ihe ewes sheared 6, 7 and blt-s. e'r 1 "d.aiHl one the nnparallcled weijiht ot 9 \\Z loz' Col. R. received the first premmm on ,,,n,s, ami .he first and second on ewes at the State Fair at Poufihkeepsie (1844,) and the go d , irdal of lb<' Socieiv, for the best managed and ,„os, profitable flock of sheep, at the =""''.";!;;';, ,er meetiiu; <.f the Society m Albany. Coitland atrainst the world \—Corllmxd Deni. Our friend Bieck, editor of the Now England Farmer, is visiting from time to lime some of the hest Massachusetts farms, ami presenting through his invaluable paper the information obtained by his observation and inquiries. Himself one ol the best experiinentalisis in Agriculluie and Uorliculmre, we regard him as a safe adviser.— As the farm which may at this lime much inter- est the readers of the Visitor, we select from the Farmer of Aug. 27, 1845, his account of a Visit to the Farm of E. Phiiiney, Esq., Lex- ington. It has been onr pleasure to make repeated vis- its to this well cultivated farm, and we have nev er returned from it, after a few fionrs conversa- tion and ramble over it with the intelligent and communicative proprietor, without feeling that some addition had been made to our scanty stock of agricnitnral knowledge. The rule from our residence in Brighton, a distance ol alioiii nine miles, is through a part of the country .li- verse in its character: a portion of the way is through a section of hard, rocky and broken land, on which are exhibited the results oi New England indiistry and energy, in converting a inoSt unpromising and nnproductivesoil into fer- tile and profitable fields and girdens. The ap- pearance of the farm-houses, orchards and gar- dens which are thickly scattered among the hills, indicates nii enviable independence in the happy owners, who, if they have toiled hard early and late, in the heat and in the cold, are >;on.« ^c worse in body or mind for tins severe discipline. No wonder that a yonng Yankee who has been trained on a hard New Fngland larin, possesses sod, anunconqnerable go-ahead spirit: having iu-cn lamiliar from his youth with the process of^_ overcoming the natural obstach'S in the way ol the successful cultivation of the soil, he is pre- pared to go out in the world aii.l overcome the Ivreater difiiculties that 'vay beset Ins path. I5nt 'we started fi.r Mr. Phinney's farm, and notwith- standing we got off the track a litlle, (as we have now,) and wandered a short time, in a very ob- scure road, we soon found omself in the vicinity of Mr. Phinney's place, which is siiuaied on Concord turnpike, about 12 miles Irom Boston. The barns and outbuildings, and the general ap- pearance of the larm, indicate to the stranger ihat the proprietor is not an ordinary larmer.— The d«ellin!. house and other bnddings are sit- uated 50 or GO rods to the east of the turnpike, on a small cross-roa.l, which is lined to the house with vigorous Rock Maple and other shade trees. The house stands in a secluded, retired spot, and is a venerable relic of ancient times, and tliough parts of it are a century and a halt old its heavy oak beams and sills are still sound, and will con- liime to do good service, when s c ot tlie joist beamed and silled hon.^es which now almost SI, rill"- up in a night, will have gone to decay.— The house is surrounded with trees, but they are not planted so near as to prevent a free circula- tion of air about the ,lwelling-a precaution not always observed in planting trees. The nortli and east sides are prelected by rising ground and woodland. There is no need here ot artificial rock-worU as an appendage to the garden, for rocks are piled up in the natural way, wherever thev have not been disturbed by the hand of ini- nrovement. Looking out to the south from the house, the vision is intercepted by a rocky ledge, ornamented with trees of various sorts, and the summit crowned with a look-out or summer- house. From this point there is a good view ot a .n-eater part of the farm and many contiguous e.smtes, and in the distance may be discerned tlie hliie iieak of the Monadnock mountain. The farm contains about 160 acres, most of it naturally verv rocky and rough. We imagine that at the otitset, Mr. Phinney must have been liamited with the question— » /mi shall I do with the stones'? According to an estimate, every six i-eet square of his farm contained a ton ol s ones —the immoveable ones not considered. 1 his is more than a thousand tons to the acre. Upon looking over the smooth grass fields, the visitor is led to inquire. What has become ol the stones' In one direction he is pointed to what appears to be a long trellis, covered with .rrape-vines. but which, upon near a|q,roach, he tinds to be a stone wall, 10 or 11 feet thick, and 7 feet lii"h. In every direction, massive, double stone- walls are shown to him, consirncted of stones taken from the fields ; thousands ol loads also have been n.sed in filling sunken places in the road and on the farm, and to fill extensive ditches for draining. In these iepositorit;s, are a part of the stones: they have disappeared Irom the fields, excepting some old seitlers, that raise their heads here and there, in defiance of every thing but gunpowder. Our first reconnoitre was of an elevated sec- lion of the farm, (sai.f to he the highest V^'"\°* land between the Charles, Concord and Mystic rivers,) which, in a jncvious visit, we had noticert as a pasture for hogs-the soil of the hardest character, being rocky, stony, and bushy, with a plenty of shrub oaks,-a most unpromising f^e for improvement. But, since tlien, a revolution had been effected : there had been a severe onset upon the bushes and rocks, and a complete ovei- turn of the soil in the autumn of last year. The Inst spring, it was set out with apide and peach tiees , the apple trees 40 feet distant rom each otl ei, withlwo rows of peach trees '"^'vyeen. Stones and the roots of bushes had been laid ^nnd he young trees, as protection from ihf. '"'"''g'' '^';"^ trees were making vigorous growth. The.c was a fine looking crop of potatoes on he g.ount^, and very vigorous melon vines, with an abtni- dance of fruit of large size, from seed of varie- ties from the Mediterranean, ^^'f .«»'•" I'' ^''■ ed for fodder on a ledgy portion of this field, was I 3'iffering severely from drought. From this field wo passed to tlie peach or- chard, situated on a slope descending to the south. The trees were bending to the groutid and breaking under their heavy burden of fruit, where it had not been properly thinned. We passed through the upper side of the orcliard on a broad avenue, perfectly clean and hard : on the ri'dit there was a double row of trees, backed by auellisSO rods in length, covered with Isabella grape-vines, bearing a crop of grapes, estimated at more than a ton ; on the left, the orchard ex- tends to the kitchen garden at the foot of the hill. All the hest varieties of peaches in cultivation were pointed out to us. The ground under the trees is kept in constant cultivation. W e saw a few trees that were aftected with that mysteri- ous and fatal disease, the" i/eHoics." This disease is sure to destroy the tree which it attacks : tlie leaves turn yellow; the fiuit is prematurely ri- pened, and the tree dies. Mr. Phinney has a large vegetable garden con- nected with the peach orehard, tliesnr(dusof the i.roducts of which, after supplying his own ta- l.le, is sent to market. Pear an.l Plum trees are interspersed in different parts of it: oiie Ijroad walk was lined with Quince hushes in fu l)ear- ioT Pears do not appear to succeed well gene- raUy on his grounds, yet there were some excep- tions where the trees were vigorous and loaded wiih fruit. The standard plum trees had been so badly aftected with the black warty e.xcresen- ces, that Mr. Phinney had almost despaired ot ever getting another crop from them ; but by way of exi.erimeiit, he had them all beaded down last spring, burning the dise.ised limbs, liopinj? the new top would be free liom disease. Ihey are now making new wood, and there is a chance for success. Of small fruits, the garden is well stocked, and we noticed many of the Champagne, Red and White Dutch Curratit bushes still laden with fruit. . „ , 'The poultry yard contains an acre ol ground, and this was partly devoted to a nursery of fruit trees The stocks of the young plum trees vyere raised from the Canada plum, which is very har- dv and vigorous, and make excellent trees. 1 here was a great number of very thrifty trees of the choicest varieties, two years old from the bud, that will be ready for sale this autumn. The apple orchards are very extensive, and may be considered the lions of Mr. Phinney's place These have been most successfully and profitably managed. A description of them has been eiven in former notices of this farm. 1 he Baldwin apple is most extensively cultivated, al- so the Greening and Porter, with all the choice lidl and winter sorts that are saleable in our mar- ket It is not the bearing year with his Baldwins generally, and the little fruit upon these trees, was very wormy and knnrly-a cireumstance al- ways noted after an abundant crop the previous vear On some trees that had been altered, by -rafting, from R. Russet to Baldwin, there were hmnense crops of fruit, and very flur : the bear- ing year had been changed by the process of ^' Mr Phinney's mode of grafting over large treee, is different from the general practice. Instead ol leaviu" part of the branches on, the hrst year, he makes a clean sweep of the whole to begin with: by so doing, he is enabled to give such a form to the head as he pleases. We saw many full bearing trees that had thus been grafted over: thev had handsome heads and were very healthy. Potash wash has been effectual in destroyiiig or preventing borers. Trees planted on reclaimed peaty laud, have entirely failed after a few years. Mr Phinney informed us that there were 4000 trees on the place, which liad been nnder his su- pervision and pruned and trained with his ovvn hands. Most of his time is occupied in the du- ties of his office, (Clerk of t'leCotinty Courts.) His place of business is 9 or 10 miles from the farm, to which he goes and returns every day but one in the week, and when court is in ses- sion he is engaged in his official duties every day , but he has such an insatiate love for ruial pui- suits, that he contrives by early "S'n|| V* °°^ over his farm every morning arid see that all is ri J^^n, and at night, by light of lantern, he v sits all his creature! He is blessed vvith a son who seems to enter iuto, and he animated by, his ta iher's spirit, and who, in the absence of the fathei, attends to the minutia; of the farm. MrPhinncy has experimented with guano on 136 iJI)e iTarmcr's illoutl)l» bisitor. coin, and is well pleflpetl with the results. We «aw a fielrl ot' corn that hnd been ilresseil with this manure, which gave great promise, anil ap- peared the stoutest on the place. Two hundred pouixls to the acre had been used, nii.xcd with two loads oC meadow muck two or three weeks before application. It was scattered along in the drills, and the corn plumed ; and notwithstand- ing the guano had been so reduced by the muck, it was still so strung as to kill nearly half the corn. He believes guano to be a powerful and cheap manure, but requiring skill in the applica- tion. A cold grape-house was shown tons, in which was a large crop of Black Hamburg and other grapes, that were free from mildew. They liad been .syringed once with sulphur water. Mr. P. has the Ayrshire breed of cattle, of winch he has some very handsome full and n ix- ed bloods. He does not esteem the Durhams. Ttie cows are kept in the barn at night and fed with green fodder. The cow house is well ven- tilated. Meadow muck is thrown on the floor to absorb the liquid manure, and afterwards thrown into the cellar. Mr. P's cows originated from animals imported by the Mass. xVgricultural So- ciety. From what we have learned from Mr. Phinney and other gentlemen who have tried the Ayrshire breed, we are confident that they are well suited to our cliinate, and when mixed with our fine Devon breed, will prove an invaluable acquisition to our country. Mass. Society for promoting: Agriculture. We learn that the Trustees of the State Soci- ety have concluded not to offer any premiums for the present season— and that they have ap- propriated funds and sent an experienced agent to Europe to select the best of the Ayrshire and Devonshire breeds of cattle that can be procured —and if any other breed, remarkable for their milking qualities, should be thought by the agent to be an advantage to the coimtry, Ije is author- ized to make the purchase. The Trustees hope thereby to piomole the agricidlural interests of the Commonwealth as substantially as they could have done by tlie offer of premiums. — jV". jE. Far. Bone Dust on Pasture Land. — Tbene is, |)erhaps, no county in England where the pas- ture lands (particularly the poorer soils) have been so much improved during the last ten or twelve years as in Cheshire; and this principal- ly by the application of what is termed bone dust. This extraordinary manure has a peculiar effect upon the poor lay land pasture; for, on the appli- cation of boiled bones, a sudden change takes place in the appearance of the fields, and in- stead of the carnation leaved or pink grass, which so much abounds on this kind of land, a luxuriant herbage presents itself, consisting of red and white clover, trefoil, and other grasses, of which the cattle are so fond that they eat iq) almost every thing before them; even thistles and rushes are very much eaten off by the stock after the pastures have been bone dusted.— j)/r. Palin on Cheshire farming, in the English Jlgricul- lurul Sociely^s Journal. Milking Compost. The importance of manure to the farmer is so apparent, that the manner of increasing it in quan- tity and quality, without reducing the value of the saitie, becomes a matter of interest to all who arc engaged In ngricidlurc ; and it is a well es- tablished fact, that manure can bo njore i)rolita- bly used as a coiiqiost, than in any other way. My attention was particularly drawn to the subject of making compost manure, about five years smco, for at that time 1 could not purchase stable manure, without paying more for it, than the real benefit derived fiom its use. About that tmio, I built a barn 80 feet long, by 40 feet wide with a cellar under the whole of it, and I then began making the compost in a way that proved more profitable than I had previously found. 1 began by fixing troughs in the cellar, under the holes where I put down the manure, with hogs- heads placed under the same toreceive the urine from the cattle, and when full, 1 placed a bed of loam and peat mud and emptied the urine on to it, and set them again. I have always kept hogs in my barn cellar, and for the last three years, have kept two yoke of oxen, eevcn cows, ono bull, and two liorGes, through the year. I tie up the cattle in the barn every night to save the ni:mure; and in addition lo the above, I have usually winiered fiom twen- ty to twenty-five head of' yoiiug and fiit cattle, and oxen. For the last two years, 1 have adopted a new mcthiid, which J think is better than any other that I have tried. I have always kept at hand |ileniy of good loam and peal mud, both in my Imrn-cellar and barn-yard. J have windows opening from the cellar into the yard, through wliich i put ilown most of the loam and mud, and [ilace it under the holes where the manure is put dow n, and after it has remained there about one week, J spread it over the hog styes in the cellar, which are 80 feet long by twenty-four feet wide ; hut before spreading the loam or mud, I sow corn on it, which will cause the liogs to root and turn the wliole over. So valuable do 1 consider urine for compost manure, that I have barrels placed in my sheds to receive the urine from the house, which are emptied on to the manure heaps when lull ; aiul also, 1 have plauk tioughs made on runners, pla- c'-d under two privies, and when they are partly full, I hitch on a yoke of oxen and draw tliem lo the barn cellar, and bury tlie contents in the loain and mud. At intervahs of a few weeks, I mix in lime, salt and plaster, at the rate of about one bushel each of lime ami salt and a bushel of plaster to a cord of compost. Lime aids the fermentation, and the salt and plastei', 1 believe, have beneficial ef- fects on most of my lands. I always fork over my manure very light before using it, and cast it out of the cellar and yard twice a year. There can be no better economy in the making of compost niiinure, ihan by adopting a course of usiuir the urine of cattle to the best advan- tage. Filling up the hog |>ens with loam and mud at about the same lime, and allowing it to remain until it is wanted fur use, does not, in my opinion, answer so good a piu pose a.s putting the loam, &c. in as fast as it becomes saturated with urine. In the one way, your compost is well mixed with the droppings and urine of the cattle, and in the other the dioppings are all on the top before it is forked over, and but partially satura- ted with the mine. The urine of cattle, I think, possesses as strong and enriching (]nalities, when properly applied to loam or mud, as their droppings. Peat mud can be easily rotted and fit lor mak ing compost, by digging the same in the summer or fall of tlie year, throwing it into inoderaie sized heaps and allowing it to freeze and thaw during ilie winter. — Capl. .ihcl Moore's Statemenl to the Committee of the MiddUsex (.Mass.) Sociely. From the Boston CuItiv;itor. Farm of Rev. Morrill Allen, Pembroke. Last week, we had the pleasure of visiting this veteran farmer, who has long been before the public tiy his communications, by his useful ser- vices in the examiiialiou of farms for ihe Slate Agriciiltmal Society, anil as supervisor for the County Society, his zeal and activity in the cause of agriculture at our meetings at the Slate House, and above all, by his successful practice, by which he has shown thtit farming is prolilable, not only ill procuring a sustenance, but in the accumula- tion of property. -As we have oflcii published various modes of farming as practicr.l nialcri.-.lly «iih oth the other sources for flowage would nuke the power ample at all times. 140 , -. On llnolenandSilk Hose— Ira Perly, tonconl, C. H. Peaslce, Concord, Joseph L. Conch. Boscawen, Luke Courser, Bo.scawen, .M>ram Brown, Hopkinton. On Silk Gooit.'!. — Joseph Barnard, Hopkinton, Jir- cniiah Tilton, Nortliliold, Fisher .Ames, Boscawen, Nath'l Uolfe, Concord, Stephen I'ingrey, Salisbury. On l.cnilicr. Boots and Shoes. — Joseph Robmson, Concord, Edward P. Cogswell, Boscawen, Abraham IJurbank, lioscnwen, George W. Dow, Concord, Na- hum Blanchard, Canterbury. On Articles of Special Im/rovemcnt. — HL G. Thomas, Concord, George W. Nesmith, Franklin, James Pc\-crlv, Concord, LitUc BurbnnU, BoeCBwen. endiiig luwiy Before the uprisen aun, GoU's liflUss rye. Throw from your chalices sweet and holy Incense on high. Ye briphl mosaics ! tliat with storied hc.iuty Tlie tloor of Nature's temple tesselate, — What numerous emblems of instruclive duty Vtiur forms create. ' Neath cloistered boughs each floral bell that swingeth Aud toils its perfilliie on the passing air, Makes sabballi in the fields, and ever ringeth A call to prayer — N()l to the domes where crumbling arch and column Attest the feebleness of mortal hand, Out lo that fane, most catholic and solemn. Which God hath planned— To that cathedral, boundless as our wonder, ^ Whose quenchless lamps the sun and moon supply ; Its choir, tlio winds and waves— its organ, thunder — Its dome, the sky I There, as in solitude and shade I wander Through the lone aisle, or stretched upon the sod, Awed by the silence, I reverently ponder The ways of God. Your voiceless lips, oh flowers, are living preachers, Kach oup to pulpit — every leaf to book, Supplying to my fancy nujnerous teachers From loneliest nook. Floral apostles ! that in dewy splendor " Weep without woe, and blush without a crime," Oh may I deeply learn and ne'er surrender Your love sublime. " Thou wert not, Solomon, in all thy glory Arrayed," the lilies cry, " in robes like ours; Iluw vain your grandeur I ah how transitory Are human floweis." In sweet scented pictures, heavenly artist, With which thou paiiitest nature's wide spread hall. What a delightful lesson llion impar'.est Of love to all. Not useless are ye, Flowers ! though made for pleasure, Lhioining o'er tietd and wave, by day and nigtit. From every source yfiur sanction bids me treasure Harmless delight. Ephemeral sages ! what instructors hoary For such a world of thought could furnish scope I Each I'ading calyx a " memento inori " Yet fount of hope. Posthumous glories ! angellike collection I Upraised from seed or bulb interred in earth, Ye are to me a type of resurrection. And second birth. Were I, oh God, in churchless lands remaining, Far from ali voice of teachers and divines. My soul would find in flowers of thy ordaining, _ Priests, sermons, shrines. ' Chiircoal— its Properties and irses. This substance has excited great attention 0 f late ill some portions of the country, abhnugh nt > acciirale experiments have yet been made to tesi '. its value as a inanure. In theory, it is certain that it possesses properties which ;ire calculated to render it a very valuable subsliince in agricul- ture. And this arises from a power not peculiar to charcoal. All porous bodies have the proper ty of absorbing the different gases in greater or less quantities. Charnial, after it has been heated lo redness, and cooled without being irposed lo the air, will absorb ninety times its own volume of ammoniacal gas, and considerable quantities of others. If heated and cooled under water, and then placed in a confined portion of atmospheritj air, it will absorb all the oxygen and leave pure nilrogen. Now, U|)on this property of absorbing' gases depeiuls its use as a mamiip. In itself, it has no valuable properties. It is one of the most indestructible of substances. Exposed to heat of the greatest inletisiiy, if air is exchided, it suf- fers no change. Moisture has no effect upon it, and '.here is no chemical agent which will act up- on it.. It has been said by some writer, that, after fcmflg ill the ground for several years, it becomes coitverted into a sort of coaly earth. But, on the ether hand, it is a well known tact that fence posta ave often charred at the bottom, in order to pre- serve them from rotting.and it succeeds for a great 142 (^l)e iTavmcr's iHciiUl)lij bisitor. numher ol years. In this case, no such cliaiige ran have taken |)!ace. It is, at any rate, very doiihtf'ul if it i=i ever converteil into earth, or, o( itseli; furnishes any food for jdaiits. i4ut it does ahsorh <;asee, and hy tlie powerlnl condensing force wliich all porous hodies possess, they are made solid in the pores of ehareoal. One cnhic inch of charcoal will conilensc; ninety enhie iiu|^- es of aiiiinnnia, or thijiy-five of earliunic aClH. And, holdin;; it with all this lorce, how are they to give it oft" to plants? One class of the theo- rists will say, tliatlhe vital power of ihe plant can separate it. ' But it is locked up in the pores ot the charroal, where not even the most niinnle fihre of the roots can penetrate Others say, it is hy the power of tixing gases tliat it does good, hot ihev do not accoinit for the giving theui out. What tlien is it? Let us look a moment at an- other tact. Water ahsorhs, at the common temperature and pressure, from seven hinidred to eight hun- dred times its volume of animoniacal gas, aiid when hoiled will not part with the wlnde of it. Now notice the difference: charcoal ahsorhs nine- ty, and water eight hundred times their volume. The superior force of the water is seen at a glance. And what nnist be the result? Why, simply this: If charcoal is put u|)on land as a manure, however rmicli gas it may have, the first shower of rain will separate it, and carry it with it to the earth, ready for the use ol' the plants. In the mean time, the water takes the place of the gas in llie pores. As soon as they hecome dry, and perhaps hefore, iho process of absorp- tion commences again, and again it is washed out. This view of the case vvoidd indicate the use of charcoal as a top dressing to crops. And this we believe to he ilie correct plan. Buried in the soil, it aihls to its looseness, hut is not exposed to alternate dry and wet, as when on or near the stirface. But its action in compost heajjs, or as an ab- sorbent of the mine of man and animals, depends upon anuiher principle. The general opiifion seems to be, that its use to absorb the ga.ses, am- moiii , &c., which are given oft' during decom- positii .1 of animal and vegetable sulistances. — That this is not ilie case will readily appi'ar, if one will r' n 't a moinent upon its well known action on aifimal matter. If meat which has begun to putrify be packed down in charcoal, it is not only deprive.! of l.il snjell, but the process of piitri- faction is immediately stopped. No more gases are formed, and of course none can be absorbed. Its effect in this ca,=e is to stop the progress of de- cay. In the same maimer, any animal or vege- table substance, if exposed to the action of char- coal, may he preserved for any length of time imchauged. What the power is hy which this is done, we do not prctc^nd to say. It is not, iheJi, by absorbing gases that it is so useful in these cases, but simply through this pow- '♦er of preventing decay and preserving lii(!se mat- ters in their unchanged state. Thus, when used in the couipost heap, or when satur;ited with urine, M the sulislances it comes in contact with are brought under its infliu'ucc, and when ap- l)lied to the soil are grailnally separated from it by the rains which fill upon them, and there un- dergo the decay which fits them to become (ood for plants. Charcoal lias the properly of preserving vege- table as well as animal sidistances from decay. And it is prob.ihly on this ai^count that it has been found useliil in pinpagaling plants from theii' cuttings. Many remarkable experiments have l)een made witli it, and with great success. Even leaves have taken root in finely powdered char- coal, kept constauily wet. — American (Quarterly Journal of AgricuUure and Science. i''rrnn tJK) l''8Hi-x Triiiiiirript. Indian Hill Fiirm. " Reader o' mine," have you ever seen Indian Hill ? ICver shared ihc unlionrMliid hospitality of the pro|irietHry, (Jul. Po(nc ? If you have, you are prepared to lislen to a brief detail of the ex- hibition .Mild trial of plonj!li.s which took place there on Friday last, under the t'olonel's auspices. If not — if yoiihavi; never passed that way, your " laincniahle i!.'iiorancoses upon ns a task ;is hard as it is hopeless. Fur « ho can sketch the varied lopoffruphy of Indian llill? Or '-act out" on paper the npnblican niamiers of onr pa- trician host ? Wholly unavailing would be the attempt. The place as well as the name give rise to sad and strange; reminiscences, as we "gather aiound ihe table of memory, to banf|uel on the good deeds of others, and to grow good ourselves by that on which we feed." Here, not many generations ago, the rank thistle nodded in the wind, and the wild fox dug his hole uiiscared. Elere lived and loved another race of beings. Be- neath the same sun and over these same hills, the Indian hunter pursued the panting deer: gazing on the same moon that smiles for you, the Inilian hunter wooed his dnsky mate. Here the wigwam blaze beamed on the tender and the helpless, the council fire glared on the wise and the daring. Here they warred ; the echoing whoop, the bloody grapple, the defying death song, all were here; and when the tiger strili; was over here purled the smoke of peace. But two hundred years have changed the character of a great continent, and blotted forever from its face a whole peculiar people. Art has usurped the bowers of nature, and the anointed child.en of education have been too powerful for the tribes of the ignorant. Here and there a stricken few remain, but liow unlike their bold, untamed and untaineable progenitors! The Indian, of fid- con glance and lion bearing, the theme of the touching ballad, the hero of the pathetic tale, is gone ! The settlement of "Indian Hill" took place, if we mistake not, about the year 1G65. It still re- tains the odor of antiquity. The visitor there, or even the "passerby" may catch glimpses of " bye gone centuries" without a very lavish ex- penditure of the frankincense of poetry. By what might seem to be a stiange fieak in archi- teclnre. Col. Poore has blended in one suit of buildings all the iive orders, the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite. At fii'st view from dislant hill tops their grotesqneuess reminds you of Indian Wigwams, Baronial Castles, Dru- idic temples anont three or four inches apart. The best time to make the beds is iii October anil November. Keep the house warm ; about 65 degrees, and damp and dark, and cover the beds with hay 3 inches deep. The inushrooms will he ready to pick in about a month, and will con- liuue mull .August or longer; but in very warm weaihrr li ey get covered with Lugs. The other house Is smaller, and I heat it with a large pile of horse manure, which being kept wet my gar- dener thinks raises the best inushrooms." Ru.swELL L. Colt. Paterson, 7th May, 1645. — .4m../g. Advice to a Yoiiug Lawyer. ET HO:i. JOSEPH STOBT. Whi'nt- 'er you ?peak, rerat-mber every cause Stands nut nu eloquence, but stands on laws — Preiinant in matter, in expre.ssion brief, Let every S'-ntence .«tnnd ivilh bold relief; On tritliTig points nor time nor talents waste, A t^:ui olfenctr to learning and to taste; Nortl.-al with pompous phrase; nor e^cr suppose, Poetic flights belong to reasoning prose. Loose dec-lainaticui nta\ deceive the crowd, .Ami seem more strikin's; as it grows more loud; IJut .utber sense rejects ItAvilh disdain, .As nought but empty noisr, and weak, as vain. The froth of words, the schoolboy's vain parade Of books ami cases all iiis stock in trade — The pelt c merits, the eunninj; tricks and nlay Of low Altorn*)'s, struni! in long array, The tntscemly jesi, Ihe pitnlant reply, 'I'hat chatters on, and cares not how or why. Stiulious, avoid — unworthy themes to scan. They sink Ihe Speaker anil disgntce Iho Man. Like the false lights, by Hying shadows cast, Scnvce seen, when prcs'-nt, and forgot when past. llegin with dignity; expotuid with grace. Each ground of reasoning in ils proper place; lit t order reign throughout— each topic touch, Nor urge its power too little, or too much. One each strong thought its most atlraclivc view. In iliction clear, and yet severely true. And, as Ihe argumenls in splendor grow, lilt larli rerteet ils light on till below. When to Ihe close arrived, niiike no delays liy petly nourishes, or verbal plays. Hut sum llu' whole in one deep, solemn straui, Like a strcuig current hastening lo the .Main. Cambridge, It^^JO. From the Ohio Cultivator. Crops require to bo Fed as well ns Auimals. Ill Ihe lirsi seilletiienlof this country, the do- mestic animals foiinil food growing sponlanpons- ly in the piairiejj and foresls, and lliey lived al- most entirely wilhont the aid of their owners.— As the country became more populous, and the tmimals had greatly increased, this spontaneous food became exhausted, and they hud to be fed by the hand of man. QL\)c laxmct's iitontl)lj) llisiitnv. 143 Wlien the soil was first reclaimed from ilie fores!, the cro/is nht^iiiifd their food for a iiiiiiilinr of years Iroiu the iiliiiiKliMu'e of vcgclitble iiuUIer whii'h hud heoii acuiiiniilaliii^' in the soil. lis well as tioiii the iiiorfraiiio s-iihslaiices w liieli had hcen brought there l>_v natural causes. But in a few years, liy a coustaut drain trpou the soil, wilhoiii nialvin^ aiiv recouipeuse, this spontaneous food whi'-h nature had provided, has liecoiue pririei- pally exhausted ; and it is now as uiueh the in- terest of the hu'nier to feed his crops as it is to feed his aniiiials. " I do feed my crops," says the Practical Fann- er— " 1 haul out stalile nianiu'e and straw, and I sometimes plough in elover, and put my land in first rate order hel()re I sow my crops." "Very well," says S'icnce, "this is all ri^ht, so Hir as it ^oes, and I grant one in a hundred may do this: hut I shouhl like to he aide to make this slatemenl in ' inverse proportion,' that there shall be hut one in a hundred who does not ilo it." ^- Mat, y\\: Practical Fanner, there is another matter connected with li'edinji' your crops that 1 wish to press upon your attention, which is this — It is as im;iortanl to feed your crops with the kind of food most suitable to their 'dii;eslive or- gans,' as it is that of animals. Did yon evei' think of this.' We «£ *XoTE — The Weights here piven nre in pounds anil deri- mal fractions, Uiiis: 3.:t is three pounds and three-tenths of a pound, and 0.15 is fifteen-hundredlha of a poiiirj. It may al- so he remarked, that the language here used is not taken frnin the book alluded to hy the writer ; only the substance is ob- 'Hiiied therefrom. magnesia is injurious to crops, and that when farmers apply lime to their land, tliey should be careful to use that which does not contain mag- nesia! I5ut go on; is there anylliing else in wheat ? I can't stay much longer. Scieiice. — In an acre of wheat yielding 25 bush- els, there is in the grain, (i lbs. Silica, and in the straw 86 (eighty-six) pounds. Prac. Far. — Now I'm stumped! What on eai ill is Silica ? Science. — The book says it is the substance of Jlint or pure satid. Prac. Far. — What! the substance of flint or sand in wheat! Pray, Mr. Science, how does it get there ? Science. — You know that sand can be iiiidted, as is done in the mannlactme of glass, by the application of heat with soda and other chemical substances; and this book tells us that it be- comes soluble ill water by the aid of the potash and soda before mentioned; and when thus dis- sidveil, it is taken U]i by the roots of plants. — But I have not yet got tluough with the cotnpo- iieiit elements of wheal. One acre of wheat yielding 25 bushels, also contains in the grain, J lb. of sulphuric acid, and in the straw 1 lb. Prac. Far. — Why, that is oil of vitriol, isn't it? SciOtce.— There is also taken (iom the soil, by 25 bushels of wheat in the grain, 0.6 of a lb. of phosphoric acid, and in the straw 5 lbs.: also in the grain, 0.15 of a lb. o\' chlorine, niid in the straw 0.9 of a lb. This is all, and you must re- member these are inorganic substances, such as do not grow like vegetables, and therefore they must be extr.icted from the soil. The total a- monnt of ihese inorganic substances taken from one acre of groiiiid yielding 25 hiishels of wheat, and including the stiMW, as it is usually cut by the cradle, is 120 iiuuiids. Three-fomtlis of this is silica, which is rendered soluble by the alkalies, potash, soda and lime, thus showing the great iiiipoitance of these substances in soils producing wheat. Prac. Far. — Well, I decline I did not know that wheat had so many things in it. 1 always thought that wheat grew out ol' llie ground, and got its food from the vegetable maiiuie that was contained in it, or vv.is put there by the farmer. Scieiice. — Well, friend, you knew beliire by sad experience, that vegetable manure nlone, would not raise wheat; for voii say that when joii put manure on )our land, your wheat all went to straw, which was so weak that it fell down flat on the ground, and bad no berry in the heads; — and when you sowed your wheat without ma- nure, it was struck with the rust, and the grain shrivelled so that you uot no more than half a crop. Now you see that this book has tokl you some things that you did not know before, and which perhaps you never would have liiiiiid out by your own efforts, without calling in the aid of science. Prac. Far. — Well, if the wheat plant contains all these substances, and they are all extracted from the soil, how are we practical farmers lo know when they are not present in the soil? and above all, how are we to obtain all this potash, and sod.i, and lime, and Hint, and sulphuric acid, and phosphoric acid ? Science. — The failure of your wheat crop for a series of years is pretty good evidence that some of these substances are wanting in the soil, hut it will not decide which. The only way to determine which one of the foregoing substances may be wanting, is to call in the aid of science, and have a correct analysis of the soil made. — • Hut, nevertheless, by the nature of the disease ihat afTects the erop.s, we may be able to judge more correctly of the substance that may he wanting. When the straw is weak and not able lo stand erect, it may be certain that the alkalies are wanting to produce the silicates which are deposited in the stem, to give it strength and firmness. This book, however, will tell what siihsrances you must procure and apply to the laud, which will sujiply the ingredients contain- ed ill the wheat plant. Prac. Far. — I should like to hear something more about these m.itters. Science. — This book gives an account of the component ingredients of wood aahes. It says that "ashes always consists of a mixture in varia- ble proportions of carbonates, silicates, sulphates and phosphorates of potash, soda, lime and mag- ticsia, with certain other substances present in suuiller quantity, yet more or less necessary, it may be presimnd, to vegetable growih." "Hut they eoiiiain also, a greater or less quantify of imperfectly burned carhonaeeous matter," of charcoal. Here you will perceive that you have nearly all tiie substances at once, of whii-h the wheat plant consists. It would seem then, that if ashes he mixed with the soil it will supply the greater part of the substance of wiieat. Did you ever think of this beliire? Prac. Far.— I have heard it casually remarked that ashes were nseliil, sowed upon \vheat ; but I liever gave thi; subject much refieclion, and there- fore it did not strike me very forcibly. But does your book tell anything about the aciion of lime? I feel somewhat anxious to know this, liir 1 have limestone on my farm and i have a mind to try it. Science. — Yes, this book gives an interesting account of the beneficial action of lime upon soil.s, and sums u|) its conclusions as Ibllows : "Lime improves the quality of almost every cultivated cro|)." " It su|iplies a kind of inorganic food, which appears to be necessary to the healthy growth of all cultivated plants." " It ueiiiralizes acid substances ivhich are nat- urally found in the soil, and decomposes or ren- ders harmless other noxious compoimils, which are not iinfieqiiently within the reach of plants." "It changes the inert vegetable matter in the soil, so as gradually to render it useful to vege- tation." Prac. Finv— It appears then, that lime is useful to vegetation in other respects than furnishing this ingredient to the plant. iSWcncf.— There are a varieljj of other substan- ces described in this book which are usefully ap- plied lo vegelation, both in ameliorating the soil and in furnishing specific substances to the growing crops. Hut it will detain you too long, I am afraid, to re.id all of these to yon now. Prac. Far.—Th-dt must be a good fiook fir farmers, I should think. What is llie price of it? Where did you get it? I will certainly have to get me one. Science.— ll may be had at most of the book stores in the State flir a few shillings, and the ti- tle of it i.s, "Lectures on Airriciiliural ChemistHy and Geolo2:y, bv James F. W. Johnston." D. L. Ml. Talbot, Champ. Co., 1845. Saving Seeds. It has often occurred lo me that sufficient euro has not been exercised in saving seed of vegeta- bles from the finest part of ihe crop. If wo breed livestock, of whatever kind, we invariably select the parents Irom the best of our Hock or stud. So with regard to flowers: no one would sow seed from inferior flowers, but would select from the best specimens; and it is by follow in"- lip tliis system, thai givat improvements have been made. Thiiikiug the .s.ime effects would accrue from a more careful selHciion of culinary seeds, and thai a much greater degree of pioiluc- liveness niig'it be attained, about three years a"o I began an experiment with long-pod beans. I careliilly selected the finest .-111(1 fullest pods for seed, laking none with (i;wer than live beans in each. Next year I had a good sprinkling of pods with six seeds in each ; these were saved for seed. Next year I had many six-seeded pods, and some with seven. Follosving up the same plan, I find this setison many tnoresixand seven- seedeil pods, than of a less number, and some Willi eight seeds ! There are still a few plants which produce five-seeded pods, and it is worthy of remark, that the five seeded plants have sel- dom a si.\-seeded pod upon them, liutall fives; on the contr.iry, a six-seeded plant has generally all the pods bearing six beans or more. As the seed-.saving season has now come on, perhaps these hints may induce others to adopt the plan. If the same course were adopted with our grain crops, I have no doubt more productive varieties might be procured. — Corr. Ga. d. Chron. Henry (lay's Farm. A corresiiondent of tl.'e Cleveland Herald thus describes Mr. Clay's residence: "The city of Lexingtmi, adjoining which is Ashland, is a neat and floiuisliing inland town. r- f 144 ^t)c JTarmcr's iilontl)lu Visitor. lif some eight ihoiisaild inhabitants. It is the centre of an extensive lonije of country, second to no other in I'ertilily, hcuty and eultivation. About one mile east Iroin this city is Asliland, the farm and home of Henry Ci.ay. His house is a handsome and snhslaniial edifice, the main body about forty feet by fifty, witli wings of pro- jiorlionate dimensions. It stands in the midst of a profusion of venerable lon.'st tree.-', ever{;reeiis and shrubbery, upon a frentle elevation iu the cen- tre of a lot contaitiing about fifty acres, and is some forty rods from the road. A serpentine carriage-way leads through the grove to the house, and nninerons pailnvays tastefully arran- ged, !)eanlify his extensive groimds. His house is plaiidy hut well lurnished, containing many choice and valuable evidences of the respect and affection of his countrymen. Then there is a stone clieese-liouse and a stone butter-house. Ashland b:-ing celebrated for the quantity and quality of the bitter made thereat. His chicken-house, dove-honse, stables, barns and sheds, are all in perfect lepair, spa- cious, neat, and in order. His fruit and vegeta- ble garden contains about tour acres, and in its' arrangement and cultivation, i saw Mrs. Clay giv- ing personal directions. There is also a large green-house, filled with choice plants und beaii- tifiil flowers. His negro cottages are exceedingly comforta- ble, all white-waslied, clean and well furnished, and plenty of flowers in the windows and about the dwellings. His slaves possess more of the comforts of life, have better dwellings, are bettter clothed, and work less than a l.irge majority of the day-laborers of the North. 1 have never seen an estalilishuienl in atiy coimtry, in all ils departments, furnish so many proofs of doujestic comfort, permanent and useftil arrangement, united with such exceeding good taste and un- pretending riegance. Mr. Clay's farm contains about eight hundred acres; and in all my wanderings, including even old New Kngland, I have never seen the fiame number of acres in a bo ibem one grand boil U[>, stirring; them all the lime. When so cooked no dir«<;t!ons will be needed how to eat them. The Oft of cooking the tomato lius nioHily in cooking them enough. They should be put to work th recom- mend it to every one who has the cure of milk. It is well known that the common brown earth- en ware so much in use is glazed with lead which will corrode when acted on by an acid, and as cream is very liable to become sour in warm weather, the oxygen that it imbibes from the uimosphere, which makes it sour, must in some degree act upon tiie lead of ihe glazed pot and form the oxiile of lead, and render it not only disagreeable to the t.isle, but very unwhole- soin<'. The stone pot being entirely free from all sub- stances of this kind, and in a high degree a non- conductor, keeps the creiim cool and in a pure and sweel slate much longer than the glazed pot or a wooden vessel. And fin" llie purpose of packing down butler the stone pot will preserve every part of it sweet and pure, while the ulazed ])()t or wooden firkin will impart to that portion of the mass which comes in contact with them a disagreiabh^ flavor. For the same reasons the stone churn tor those who have but fi;w cows, is far superior to the ol 1 fashioned wooden article. No one call properly appre<-iate the dilTerence between slom; an 1 earthen ware for these purpo- ses, until lliey have tried them. — Me. Farmer. TIIK REST PLOUGH EVER MADE! J. L,. ROBINSON, AGENT I'Oll n.Wll) I'ROUTY AND CO.MPA.NV INFORMS l\w. FaniKirs mul Culliv.itorfl ol" NflW Hampuliirft anil ViTtiMuil, that In* will keep roiiHtriiitly on Imuti al his HiKip rt-ar of 3(IS Mnlii i^trfcl (North l-'.nil) iirar the Wtitiliinti iilji ilott;!, Uu' iifw serirn (if CAST- IRON PLOUGHS, UANtTrACTITIlED AT nonTDN, MA19., I) T DAVID PMIITY & CO. l'U0TTT^"3 PhniL'hs nro iiiiivrrsnlly arkn.iwletlpcd Id hr I III- |H(.iirrrIi) Till- yri!Ut'.' it iiiadc in tliiU liiuh ly iiHtful iiiipli-rmMit. Otlit*r.s hnvc niiiili: Iniiirovtil I'louutis; und tlic besi 'Mr the Daily Advertiser & Patriot. j At :\!;irket, 1 125 head uf Beef Catile, 45f> "tores, 3:TiiO Sheep, and I9.'*0 Swint'. Prices.— .Bee/ CtUle.^Wc qiiute extra CaUie S5; first qunli- IV, S-175; pecondqualitij'jSl J2iaJ$4f)U; third quality, $3 50 © S4. . Storcj.-^Tvo ytar ulj, 9? '&)'$15; three year old, $16 @ rw $24. S/icep.— Sales of I-ambs §1 12 to SI *?ii ; Old 3heep at §1 50 fS} $2. Swiue.ShontA to peddle 3, fTi 3J,f..rSows, and 4, ^ 43c for Barrows; Old IIoo«, 3§, fit 4Jc. At retail, froni 3^ to flc. CONCORD AVHOLJSSAIiE: CASH PRICES CURRENT. For West India Gyoos &. Groceries, Flol'b, Gbai:*, Pbo- DUCE, Iron & Steel, Plaster, .Salt, Lime, Sec, &c. Correcteil weekly for Hill's N. H. Fatiiot bv UlLMOKE It. L'LAPP, at the Depot ."tore, (;oncor(l, \. H. Sept. 30, 1845. ASHE3, Pots, 4 J Pearls 1', AI.U.M, 4' BKI.MSTONE, Roll, :i Siiliilmr, .: -l CAMPHOR. ReliniMt,.... "o CANDLES, .Mould 10 Sperm, -^2 COFFEE, St. Domingo, G Porto Rico, .S.J Porto Cibrihi, 84 Old GovernuicnlJava,... Jl COPPERAS, 'i Fiall, Hank, ^quintal, ..9,50 Pollock ; ,.2,3.'. liav '-■,"."> Old Oiin, ,....4!B() ;Co. 1 .^nloion, ^ bill, 14,09; No. 1 Shad, ;-Milil, 1-J,o0 Ton's A. Sounds, U* bid, lj,0ll H.B.Fuis,8>hbl, 9,00 FLOUR, Genesee,... ,...5,50 Fancv brand, 5,75 Ohio,' Akron, 6,95 S pallid in £r, evira G,^.^ FRUIT. JJigs 14 Raisin?, bliicmark, 8,00 niack mark 7,50 Box, biincli, 2,50 FUSTICK, Cuba,!* ton, 30,00 Taminco, 22,00 rjroiind, 1,> hiind 1,75 GLUE, Rus-'-ian liWt 17 American, II GRAIN. Oats, 40 cents li> bil Corn, 75 dodobu Rye 75 do ilnlm li.'ans, 75® 1,30 Pens .W® 75 GRINDSTONES. 1st qual- ity, linished.lf liund.2,35 Do. do. unfinished, 1,50 HERRING.^ box, .Vo. I, .50 Scaled, 7.i INDIGO, IJensal,.l,10® l,7S .Spaniah lloat,. . . 1,00® 1,5^ Manilla, 76'a'l,a5 IRON, Old Sable, 5 Buplish, :<\ Ranks, rcrtned, 4^ English, ,*lieet, *i Russia, do 12W13 Old Sable nail rods 5^ Nor\vrnian do •■ Coiilinon do .4.\ Enalisli hoop, .I AnuMiean d 4 Phoe Shapes, .Am 4 J .Swedes, shoo shapes, 4.'j tvEATHER. New York Sole Leather, Li?ht, 14 « lo Do. Hcan , 12.^ liii 15 LIME, Tlioinaston, lirisl quality, 1,50 Camden, do 1,25 LOGWOOD, St. Domin- Ko, l^ton 22,00 Caiiip.ai hy, 27,00 Grniiiid, t^' liund ^1,75 MACKEREL, No. 1,^> bhi I2,.'.0. No. 2 IO,.iO No. 3, .•W..S,.',0 MOLASSES, llll\-*hftX...30 Surinam 30 ■I'riniilad, ,...33 Porlo Rico 34 .So car House, .50 NAILS. Boston 1 ron C?l'8 brand, •« Old Cidonv do 41 Wevincrutii Iron Co 4j .Maiden, 44 PLASTER, V* ton, «,50 Ilo. LTcuiuil, 10,00 PROVISIONS. Pork Ex- tra clear l;>bhl, 18,00 Common do 14,00 Exiro Mess, I-!,00 Common do 10,00 Puller, f* It), 8® 12 Cheese, new miicli — 6 'St 7 Tceir meal, ...4'a5 Dried apple, best, 24^ .1 Lard, northern, "...8^ Do. soultiern, 8 Turkeys &;CliicUeiis,best,7 Goslins, beet, 44 Round IJocs 4,t'S5,t RED^\OOD; ground, #■ llnnd 2,75 Nicampia, p- ton, 35,00 RICE, ^hund. best 3,-50 ROSI.N, ((> bid 2,50 SALiCU ATUP, first quali>.v.4 flALX, St. Ube?, ^ hlid. 3,90 Cadi/., 3,25 Btma'.refi, 3^-2^ Tnrks Island, 3,25 Liverpool, 3,25 Do. fine, Wotthingston brand, f- baa 9,00 Do. oilier brands, ...... 1,73 SALTPETRE, crude, 8 Do. reiincd y SEED. Clover, northern,. 12i Do. southem 10 Herds arass, » bu 9,00 SHEETINGS, prime S>-vd ..7 SHINGLES, f.ist qiialitv. No. 1, pine, l?-.\l ".9,75 do. do, do. spruce, 1,75 SHIRTINGS. »vard, 6J SHOT, assorted,.: 5i SHOVELS, cast steel, t> doz 10,00 Steel pointed do. 9,00 Iron do. best, 8,00 Do. common -.6,50 SO.VP, Castile, IJ White Soap, best, 8 Brown, No. I , 4 Family, 5 Extra," 6 SPICES. Cassia, in mats, 92 Do. ground,, 23 Cloves, 30 ■Ginger, pure, 7 Mace.^lh ....1,00 NutlPe;;s, best, 1,25 PiindiiEo, whole, 12 Do. firound 14 Pepper, win le, U Do. (;r,uind, 19 STP.El.. Swedes, best 74 Sanden5on, Brolbem U Co. cast steel, 13 Jcssop&t^on, do 17 German, oest, 194 Do. common, ..10 Coach Imprint:, best, 9} SUtiARS. Brown Hava- rm, very best, ,j...l0 Do. do. prime .'...9 Do, do. fair, .S Double relined Ensl Bos- ton loaf, 154 Do. do. crushed 194 Do. do. powdered 13 Common loaf, 11 nib Rico, best 8 PSRfied .Muscovado do . . .8 TAR, V> bbl 3,0a TEAS. Gunpoxeder, best quality, 1^ lb, 75 Imperial, do 80 llvson, do 60 ll'y.son Skin, riu SO Voiin^ Hyson, common, .35 Do. do. fair 45 Do. do. Mood, ..Vl Do, do. best, 00 TOBACCO, common keg,..fi tiood do 10 Coninion bo.x 8 (lOod do 12^ Ilonuy Dexv,do. best 18 Cavcndiall 95 -I* P JfarmcrS JlWtlrlg tesit^r. COiNDUCTKU BV ISAAC HILL. " Those wrio labor jn the earth ahe the chosen i-eofl-e of Gnu, whosk niiEAaTa he hah made his pecu LIAB DEPoaiTE FOR SUBSTANTIAL A«D OSWUINE V IRTU E."— ./fjfcr/fO?!. VOLUME VII. CONCORD, N. H., OCTOBER 31, 184o. NUMBER 10. THK PARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR, rUHMSlU.U BY ISAAC HILL, & SONS, ISSt'ED Orf THE LAST DAY OF EVERY MOM'H, At Atheuiaii Building. {jUiy^liE^tEnAL AnE'<:T3. — n. Cook, Kecnc, N 11. ; '1'momas R. Hampton, Wasliingtcn City, D. C- ; John Marsh, VViisli- ingtoii St. Bostiiii, iMas^'i Charles Warren, Briuley Row, Wurft'dter, Musjj. TERMS,— To single subscribcr.-i, Fifty Cents. Ten per ^ceni. win be allowed to the person who shnll send more than one subscriber. Twelve copies will be sent for the advance payment of Ficr Dollars ; twenty-five copies for Ten Dollars; sixty copies for Twenty Dollars. The paymenl in every case to be made in advance. ^Ci^^ioncy and subscTtptions^ by a rcrridation of the Post Master Qtuuralyinuy in alleascs be rcmtttid by the Post Jilastcr, free oj postale of producing the most abundant crops of wheat, corn, oats, grass and such other vegetable productions, nalinal to the New England hills. Valuable ami extensive beds of rich blue clay are also found here, which, when manufactured into biick, afford a gooil profit to the farmer. On this hill are im- mense ledges of the best granite, lying in beds of different strata, or in huge boulders. Blocks of any width or thickness wished for, are easily split out, while the quarry appears to be inex- haustible. In the vicinity is a remarkable pile of rocks, thrown together in wild confusion, exhib- iting to the eye the appearance of some sudden convulsion ol' nature. What formerly seemed to be an immense ledge, is so completely rent in |)ieces, that fragments of the different strata re- main piled upon each other, in such irregular order as to form several caves or natural "ovens" of great curiosity. There are many other hills of consiilerable note in Sutton, among which are Dean's hill, ly- ing in the north part near the line of New Lon- don, upon which are several valuable farms ; — Lake's hill, near the north village ; Wadleigh's hill, near the residence of Hon. Beiija. Wadleigh ; South Meeting-honse hill, at the south village, on which is an extensive black lead mine, but fiom some adverse causes now unworked. Dresser's and Kimball's hills are situated in the south-east part of Sutton, near the line of Warner. On ail these hills the soil affords valuable pasturage, and in many cases rich and extensive farms. Of the forest growth, this town embraces near- ly all kinds incident to the climate of New Eng- land. Of the Pine there are several varieties ; and extensive tracts of the noble white pine slill remain as monuments of the former beauty and grandeur, which, on account of its valuable qual- ities in cabinet and other manufacture, are pre- served wilh_great cave. The Norway pine, and the Yellow or Pitch pine grow in the vallies and along the streams, lieing seldom found on the hills, which are covered with a more hardy and vigorous growth. Of the Oak, there are also several kinds ; such as the white oak, the red oak and yellow oak; like the pine, this Iree foririerly was said to have been immerous, biMi the demand for its valuable properties in whee-li- wright and mechanical purposes, has lessenetJ its- existence, while it has enhanced its (irice. The majestic Rock Maple exists in abundance wpo» the liills. This tiee is highly valued, not only for the beauty of its foliage, but for its sap, fr&rw which is annually made vast quantities of sogait; Though only the ordinary and simple process is taken in its tnanufacture, yet it is estimated by competent judges, that nearly if not quite fom- thousand pounds were produced in the spring of 1845, in Sutton. Were the best means and care employed in its manufacture, probably enough sugar from the maple could be produced to fur- nish a supply to every family in town. The white maple is also found here, valuable for its timber, from whose sap sugar can also be made, though not so copiously as from the rock maple. Of the Beech there are two kinds — the white and red, both of which grow in the greatest abundance, interspersed with the maple, on the highlands. The Elm is found in the meadows and intervales. Of the remaining varieties, is found the Hemlock, the Spruce, the Poplar, the Bass-wood, the red and white Ash, the white, black and red Birch, the Oil-nm or Butter-nut, and Juniper crllackmatack. On the south side of King's hill there is a large orchard or original forest of butter-nuts, consisting of many hun- dred trees, which may be regarded as a curiosi- ty, as the only instance of the kind known in the vicinity. In a large swamp lying in the western. some of the best land in the county if not in the I part of Sutton, Cedar is found, though the Pii^-. 146 lof&ist /if.- IJIOTtSW Qli)t >^af ncr'0 ittontl)i|i llisttor. cipiil jree.s coflBist -iif large sjjrfBits'^h- shootSj wliifli >|>iiii".' li'oiii llie ij(;ca\i'il piutrips oC l:ill(;ii trues lliMt lie tliickly .sirewed iiboiit, liall-L-ijilji-il- (fcd'iii tliS mini, u liiilr, ;is ipliilcd hy llit- ciiily iiili.-iliiliiiils--, ;iif ^;iiil Id Ii;ivi: died iiriniKili;itely alicr llie daiU diiy artmoutb, viz: — Hon. Matthew Harvey, who olllciatcd as Governor of the State in 1830, and has held several important State and National offices. In 1824 he was spi;aker of the House, ^vliile his brother, Hon. Jou.atban Harvey, at the .'same year, presided over the Senate in the,N. H. Legislature — Kev. Horace F.aion and Gilbert Wadleigb, Esip'.s. Iiave since graduated at the same Cnllogc. Five persons iu this town h.'ive lived to be more than one bimdred years of age, viz: Thomas Walker, a native of Wales, iII(mI ip K-i-il, aged 105: He was in seveial im- portant battles of the Revolution — as Brandy- wine and Saratoga ; .Tacob Davis, Francis Como, Mary Bean, and Mrs. Wells, each liv- ed to be more than one hundred yetus of age. Populalion. — The population of Sutton at the last census w.is !."G1. in 1830, it was 1 i-Jl : de- c.re.-ise in 10 \ears 63. B. Sulloix, 18-i.-). Kriiiii Hill'3 II. N. Pntiiot. IWerrimucIv Cotmty Agricultural .Society. It spenks hut poorly for Ncvvilainpsliin; .Agriculture that grailu.illy have our Countios, w ith the single c.\- rcptifm of !\IciTiia:u'k, aliandoneil llicir Agiiniltiiral Horieties. While so nuirli h:ts been duiii- iitui i.^ now jloing in our .sister Slates, while the great S-tate of New Vork preseuts in licr State Society a grind iitlniclion, bringing together her farmers liy tliou!i;in<)H luul tens of lliousuuils, and I'uniiers of other States by^hundreds, making it at the same time i»ii interesting speetacle lor lh(i iit:;tosnian who is taught by truo pohiiral econoniv lo foster .AgiienlUne as liiu bettor work of true pntri- otisin; while wo ace Iheso movunienls clseviiicre, it i.s nintter of rogrel to witness the apparent inUili'erenee which eurrouiuLs us. Yet, denuded of all hor iissoeia(es, wb are glad lal we never 'attended so good :,nd .so plevs- atlle Show and I'air within the liiiiits of to say til a ant 'i (■; our riiati; a.« that e\hibited in this county at (he new and llouiisliinix little village of Fishersvilfe on the bor- ders of this town, on Wednesday and 'I liurse lound Irom Kit- (ery to Calais. — Maine Farmer. Prenuums"^^d^ by the Merrimack Tonuty Agricultural Society, Oct. 8 and J. Bc^l r;u-ni— Pnvid Hlorrill, Cnntcrhury, $-i 00 '>d do. Bpiijnmiu Wnlkcr, BoscaWLMi, 3 00 Best opiioral crops- \Vim. H. Cage, " 3 00 .jj" " Aliram Brown, Northfield, 2 00 J5,l .' 1,. M. Chndvvick, Boscawen, 1 50 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 2 1 2 1 1 00 00 00 50 00 50 01) 50 1 00 50 .Itli " Silas Call. Be?t Wheat— Nathan 1'. Ames, 2cl " Enoch Little, Jr., '■ 3 J " .-Vnios Cogswell, Canterbury, Best Cora— Reuben Johnson, 2d " Asa P. Cale, NortWield, 3d " Samuel Chadwick, Boscawen, Best Garden— Jereiniidi Kimball " 2d " Benj. Simpson, " Best Ploughing— Abraham Burbaiik, " 2d " .Tolm Farmer, " 3^ V hippie, Dunbarton, 2d " NVm. II. Gage, 3d " John A. S:;nhorn, Boscawen, 4tli " .\bial R. Chandler, oth " Benjamin Walker, Boscawen, Best Cheese — John Ivilburn, Boscawen, 2d " Henry Rolfe, Jr. :!d " Wm." H.Gage, 4lli '• Joseph Pillsbury, Boscawen, 5th " John A. Sanborn, " Best Needle Work— Mrs. N. B. Baker, Concord. 2d " " Mrs. E. P. Cogswell, Bos- cawen, Best Quilt— Mrs. Benj. Walker, Boscawen, 2d " Mrs. .-Vbial Gerrish, " Best Carpeting and Rugs — Nahum Blanchard, Canterbury, 2j " " Benj. Walker, Bos- cawen, Blankets «nd Flannel— Emily Call, Boscawen, 2cl " " Enoch Coliin, " 3(1 " " Abial Gerrish, " fiflv cts. if funds sufficient Best Hose— Susannah Morrill, Canterbury, 2d " Jane C. Rolfe, Concord, 3d " Joseph Pillsbury, Boscawen, 4th " Emily Call, " Best Silk Goods— -ibraui Brown, Hopkinton, Best Leather Boots and Shoes— John Greenoug Boscawen, Articles of Special Improvement. Mr. Proctor of Franklin, for Plough, Messrs. Brown of Fishersville, for Cambrics, Currier & Ki.ux of Concord, for Stove, S. D. Q,ninibT of Fishersville, for Vest, Fr.im th.- iN.w I'.nslauil I^'iinnir. Visit to the li-arni of Hon. Daniel Webster, MiirshfieUI. We have lieeii pratitied by a visit to the farm of this distiiif^nished statesman, and had the pleasure of holding converse with him as a farmer in his relirement, and who, by his ur- hane and friendly maimer makes one almost forget that he is in the presence of one of the greatest intellects of the age. As a public rimii, be is well known, but not as u ci:izen and "the Farmer of Maishfield"— at hmiie, on his farm, or among his neighbors. Here the iniiid is unbent— the stirring seenr.is of political lileare appari-ntly thrown aside and forgotten, and the (iirmer may approach him on eipial ground, and however experienced he may be in the one jmr- suit of his lite, lie will lind Mr. Webster at home on the subject of agriculture, with a disposition as ready to impart, as lie is to receive informa- tion, on a business which appears to be more Ins pleasure than his profit. Unt if his farming does not result in pecuniary profit, he has the salistac- lioii— which, in a mind like his, is prized far higher than pecuniary gain— of countenancing and encouraging by his example, the great agri- ciiliural interests of the natipn as well as tin; in- fluence he exerts on all suitable occasions to pro- mote them. His farm is extensive, and that we might have the best opporlnnity to see every part of it, his foreman with n carriage, was at our service, to take us over it, and explain the various operations and experiments that are in progress. Mr. Web- ster also devoted a portion of the time we fe- inained on the farm in pointing out to us the im- provements he had already made, as well as those he had in contemplation, and related many inter- esting incidents in the history of the family of the original proprietors of his farm, and of events which transiiired in the early history of this an- cient town. 2 50 2 00 1 50 1 00 1 00 50 1 00 1 00 2 00 1 00 2 00 1 00 1 00 50 1 00 50 1 00 1 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 75 50 2 00 1 50 1 00 75 50 , 1 00 50 1 00 50 Mr. Webster's farm contains about//(!cm hxm- dred acres. This large area embraces a great va- riety of soil, about 300 acres of it salt marsh, the remainder very diverse: some jiortions of it may be considered of first quality, other sections me- dium, and sf^me of it rather inferior; but none so poor that good crops cannot be produced with good manuring. The situation is a fine one for a stock farm— and if good prices for good beef and mutton could be obtained, it might be a profitable farm lor that purpose. What adds much to llie value of the place is, the facility with which sea manure can be obtained. It is said that there are seven miles of beach, reckon- ing all the indentures and various outlines of the shore which skirts the farm. Here hirge quanti- ties of kelp are annually obtained, and in some seasons wliite fish to any extent are caugln. With these natural resources so near at hand, the farm is raiiidly increasing in value and productiveness. \Vherever these fertilizing substances have been ajiplied their beneficial effect is obvious. A iirge portion of the tiirm is devoted to pasturage. 1 00 50 1 00 50 ! 00 75 .50 25 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 50 lillf^r: [iv>iLiv>ii vji I . 1^ ....... -^ I ^/ wliich feeds not only iMr. Webster's large stoc of cattle, but many others of his neighbors, which are pasturcd'by the week or by the sea- The mansion bouse of .Mr. XVebster makes quite an imiiosing appearance as it is seen from the road, having recently been fitted up and large additions made to the old part, which was origi- nally a square house, luo and a half stories high, with a wing extending back: a wing ccntaining a suit of rooms, including a spacious library, has been added, making an extensive front, with a piazza the whole length, extending round the ends of the luiiiaing and part of the rear. I he old and new parts of the building harmonize ve- ry well. Comfort, convenience and neatness are tiiore cons|)icuous in the arrangement, than any effort at display. The mansion is situated 30 or 40 rods from tire public road, and is approached by a broad drive way, bordered by a hedge and belt of trees and slirul).-=. In front of the house is a fine lawn of five or six acres, dotted with trees in groups and single, and ornamented near the dwelling with taacifnl beds of flowers, cut out in the stnootli sward. But the most striking object which meets the eye at first sight, is a ma- jestic elm tree, near the east corner of the house, which forms a complete bower. It stands on an oval grass plot, which makes a fine carpel for the bower. .\t a distance of eight or ten feet frotn the ground the branches extend in every direc- tion horizontally, gently curving over till they rest upon the green sward, excepiiiig on the side next to the house, w here it has been necessary to cut out some of the lower limbs, that carriages may [lass to the eastern door. The branches oil this side nearly touch the house, and form a com- plete canopy to this entrance. The longest di- ameter of this tree bower is 94 feet— perhaps 70 the other way. Seats are arranged around the tree near the" trunk, where is a most delightfiil retreat, especially in such a day as was that when we enjoyed its shade, the thermometer indicating the heat as near 00 deg. The tree is said to have been planted 80 years ago. The section of the farm on which the house stands, contains about 40 acres, and is l)ounJass. Society for the Promotion of A:;riculture. During the last week, the ship Chaos arrived at lis port, in 29 days from Liverpool, having on loard the stock purchased for the Slate Agriciil- ral Society, by Mr. Alexander Beckett, who vas sent out to England and Scotland, lo make selection of the best animals that could be ob- ained of the Nortli Devon and Ayrshire breeds. The passage was rather rough, but every ar- ani;ei(ieut was made for the safely and comfort of the auimal.s, that could be devised, and not- wiihstandiug the iiniiivoralile influences of a sea "voyage, they came out in line order, most of them fat enough f(u' the shambles. They consist of foin- .\yrshire cows and one bull, and four. North Di^vou cows and one bull, and a lino calf which was dropped by one of the North Devon cows on the. passage. Their stable was situated between decks, under the main hatchway-^a location favorable flir air, and to guard against injury ti-oni ihe rolling of the ship. .The following am|ile daily allowance was pro- viiled for each animal for fitly days, viz: 10 lbs. of hay, 10 lbs. of oil cake, 1 qiiart of bran, 1 qiiijrt of crushed oats, and 10 gallons of water. The fi-eight bill for the cattle, together with the expense of titling up the stable, and for «ater casks, independent of the food, was 140 pounds sterling, or about .^i/OO; this, with the iirst cost of the cattle, and exiien-'es of ftlr. lieck<'tl, will in.;ike the round sum of something like.'jilfOOO — a very generous outlay by the S, gave perfect satisfaction to the President and other officers of the Society, who were pres- ent.on the wharf li) witness their landing. The cattle were driven out to Lexington, to llie farm ■ of Fj. Phinney, Esq., where they will remain for a short time, until the Trustees of the Society determine where lo locate them must advantage- ously for the public benefit. 'I'lie North Devon cows were purchased of Lord Leicester, of Uplkham, Norfolk county, England; the bull,li-om Mr. Bloomfield, of Wau- hani, in the same county, of whose stock Mr. Col man has stated that be bad seen noire supe- lior. ■ If there may be prejudices in the minds of any against the Ayrshires, our farmei'scan have none against tlie North Devons, as ihey are an im- provement on the best fine red cattle so deser- vedly popular iiionrState. The purity of blood of the individuals of this breed imported by the State Society, is indicated in iheir peculiarly white waxy horns, clear nozzles, yellow ring about the eyes, yellow in the ear, ;ind being of a very dark red, approaching to chestnut color, without a spot of white. or any other color upon ilieni. As they were driven through the streets, a fiirmei' fixed bis eye upon one of the heifers and inquired the price, su[]posing they were for sale, and remarked, vvbeii infbinied lo the con- trary, that it was the most perfect animal of tire kind be had ever beheld. The Ayrshires were also thorough bred, per- fect in their kind, and the cows had the appear- ance of being fine milkcr,s. Two were purchas- ed from the slock of Mr. Andrew MacGregor, Dandiead, near Kilm.iruock, Scotland ; one from Mr. John Young, of Kilmanrs Alaine, near the same place; and one fronrMr. Hamilton Cap- prainstone, Draghorn ; the bull (iom Hugh Kilk- wood, llighlongmair, near Kilm.uirs, Scotland. We have seen many fine, high bre.i animals, and liAve |i)rmed an opinion as lo what points are desiiable in dairy stock; and according to the views we entertain, we think the selection Mr. Beckett has made, highly c-ediiable to bis judgment, and of Which the Society may be just- ly proud. Surely, the object which the Society have in view, of improving our New England stock, Ts one highly commendable, and we have no doubt will be j'ustly apjireciated by the agri- cultural community. — Htid while a black-jack clay soil yielded seven- ty bushels to the acre, this tine" bottom land would not average fifiy. One brother wasstead- ily. growing rich on poor laud, and the oilier steiulily growing poor on rich land. OiVe day the bottcmi-land brother came down lo see the black-jack oak farmer, and they bogim to talk about their crops and farms as "farmers are very apt to do. "How is it,". said the first, " iliat.yoii manage on this poor soil to beat iiie in crojis ?" The reply was, " / work mi/ lanil." That was if, exactly. Some men have such rich land llial they wonh work it, and they never get a step beyond where they began. They re- ly on ihe soil, and not on lal>or, or skill or care. Some men expert their lands to work, undsome men experC to wokk their f.aivd — and llial is just the difference between a good and a bad farmer. When we h;id written (bus l;u-, and read it to .our intbrmaut, he said, three years ago I travel- ed again through that section, and the only good farm I saw was this very one of which you have jnst written. All the others were desolate, i'un- ces' down, cahiiis atiandoned, the settlers dis-' coiiraged and nifiving off. 1 thought F s;iw the same old stable door, hanging by one hinge, that used to disgust me ten years befiu-e ; and I saw no change except for the worse In the whole connly, with the single exception of tbi;; one farm. — bid. Farmer and Gardener. Manure Making. — ;Tlieie is one means of making manure on every farm which is.too com- monly overlooked or not availed of — we mean, from the wash and waste litpiors of the house. Carta load of loam near the outlet of your sink, and carry ibe spout on to it; shovel over the heap occasionally, and in six or eight weeks the mass will be enriched and a fresh lot may be brought to undergo the same process. Thus, in the course of a year, several loads of manure may be made at a trifling co.st, and of a quality hardly inferior to that from the barnyard. Thi.'« hint is worlb something. — A*. E. Farmer. Getting Poor on rich Land, aud Rich on poor Land. A -close observer of men and things told us tlie following little history, which we hope will plough very deeply into the alteniion of all who plough very sballovv in their soils: Two brothers settled together in ^ — coun- t.y. One of them. on b co?i), iigiy, clay soil, cov- ered with black-jack oak, not one of which was large eiioiigb to make a half dozen rails. This man would never drive any but large, (lowerful, Conosloga horses, soitio seventeen hands high. He alvvavs put three horses to a large plough, and plunged it in some ten inches deep. This deep ploughing he invariably practiced and culti- vated thoroughly afterwards. He raised his sev- enty bushels of corn to the acre. This man had a brother about six miles ofl^, settled on a rich While river bottom-land liirm Frnni Ihe .■Vlhnnj- Cultivator. The New York State Fair at IJtica. The extraordinary interest which for a few years past has attended our State Agricultural Fairs, was fully kept up by the exhibition nt Uli- ca. Taken as a whole, there appears to have been no diminution in the superb display of ag- ricultural products, in the vast collection of farm im|)leii:ents, and in the multitude of fine domestic animals, of all kinds and classes, which add so much to the atlraction and great utility of these truly noble exhibilions. 'Ihe number of persons in altendance could not have been less than forty thousand ; and among the distinguished individuals present, were many fi'oiii a large portion of the other Stales of the Union, Ironi IMaine lo Mississippi, evincing, by the pains they had taken to witness the exbibilion, the high estimation with which snc-h scenes are regarded. The ground selected was about one mile south of the city, about len acres of which were inclo- sed by a high lem|iornry board fence, and within tills boundary all the vast miiltitnde of objects constituting the exhibition were collected. " The grounds, which were of an oval shape, were entered by three carriage and ihree foot en- trances, and so great was the concourse that these were hardly sufficient a ]iart of- the time, for the ingress of the spectators. Ne.xt lo the boundary fence, within, a broad carriage road extended the whole distance round; and within this, with the exception of the fiont side, was a continuous and parallel row of posts for cattle. Parallel with lliis row of posts, and still fiirlber within, were the lines of pens fc^r sheep, swine, calves, &c. The central portion of the grounds, consisting of about seven acres, were occupied with four temporary buildings, each 100 feet by 30; by the various agricultural implements, tents, &c. Compared with the previous year, the show of animals was generally more extensive at Utica. The whole number of horses, cattle, sheep and swine is stated to have been GS3, which are enu- merated as follows: 114 horses — viz : 28 stallions, 3G matched horses, 7 geldings, 32 mares and colts :^274 horned cattle, being 48 Durliams, 11 Herefbrds, 9 Devons, 4 Ayrshires, 21 Natives, 124 150 ^{)t iTarincr's iUontl)I|) llisitov. oxen, 12 steers, and 8 fat cattle. Sheep, 64 long wooled, 112 Miilod frame, surmounted by a cap re- sembling an inverted potash ke'lle. Through this cap a large wooilen screw passed, and v^as turned hy means of a large lever 15 ft. long, by a horse attached to its outward extremity, 'i'he lower end of the screw was fastened by a huge chain to the stump to be extracted. The horse, walking round, exerted by a combined action of he lever and screw, a force 400 times as great as his own strength, (not estimating friction,) which would withdraw an ordinary stump with great ease. Hcsset's Reapin(j Machine. — ThFS most val- uable njachine was exhibited by Mr. Hussey at the late show at Utica. All represent it as gath- ering the grain, very clean, making a great saving in this particular over any other mode of har- vesting. The operation of the machine requires but one man and a boy, in addition to two horses to draw it, and with this force it will cut in the most perfect manner an average of fifteen acres a day. To bind the grain as fist as the ma- chine cuts it, requires generally eight men. The machine has been much simplified in iis construction within the last year or two. It is not liable to get out of order, and will often work through the whole season without the knives being sharpened. Mr. llussey received from the Society a gratuity of $15, as some com- pensalion for the trouble taken to give the pub- lic an o[)portimity to examine this valuable ma- chine, 'i'he price is from ,§100 to ,*il70, aciorif ing to size and the quantity of work they will perform. On the afternoon of the last day of the Fair, the asseiribled thousands gathered round the temporary platform erected on the grounds, to hear the Annual Address (ioin Josiaii Qui.ncy, .Ir., Esq., of Massachusetts. This address was enfinenlly worthy of the occasion. Without the slightest aim at lofty eloquence, its arguments in favor of the superiority of agricultural occupa- tion, over the fretful and iuverish life of specu- lation and ambition, were powerful, convincing, overwhelming. It was " without art, graceful — without elTort, shong." We scarcity overheard any thing ol' the kind, so tridy valuable and ap- propriate for sucli,lace at the late ex- hibition at Utica. From what we saw and lieard we have reason to believe that sales were efi'sct- ed at this exhibition to a niiicli greater extent than at any ])revious one: indfed we are inlbrm- ed by those whose (losiiion enables them to pos- sess correct information on this subject, that the sales made at this time were more extensive than at ull previous shows of the society included. Sheep, of both line and long wooled breeds, were purchased for various sections of the country, from Maine to Mississippi. Horses were pnr- cliasi d lor different sections- — the pair of match- ed or carriage horses which took the first |)iemi- nm, being bought by Mr. Giimor, of Maryland. Cattle of various breeils, also, changed owners to a considerable extent, and at fair prices. The Tribune suggests another improvement in conducting these fairs, to which we cordially re- spond, viz: that "there be a succession of off- hand, farmer-like addresses, by all who sliall be deemed able and shall avow themselves willing to shed light on any department of agriculture." By having suitable men engaged before hand, to speak on various subjects — as stock of different kinds, cultivation of difFerent crops, manures, &c., we have no doulil licit a great amount of information of the most practical and valuable kind, would be elicited. \Ve ho|)e loseelhese suggestions carried out, and llie usefulness of the society perfecled and extended to the uttuost limit. Live Stock in Connecticut! SnuEP. — Connecticut has many fine-wooled flocks of sheep, some of which we had the jilea- sure of examining in our late excursion through the State. .lohn Ward, of Salisbury, near Falls Village, has a flock of 700 Saxons. Their fleeces aver- age yd pouiuls, and sold last year at 00 cts. per pound. In another part of Salisbury, we saw a From thf Albany Cultivatur. j,,„„n fl„gij ^^• CotsWold.s, bclonijing to John C. Benefits of Agricultui-al Fairs. Cofliug, Esq. They were purchased of iMr. De- An immense interest is evidently awakened vine, of Washington Hollow, Dutchess countv, throughout ilie country in favor of these meet- N. Y. ings, ami it is only necessary that they be |M-oper- R. G. Camp, Esq., of Litchfield, has a very s»- ly conducted, to ensure their great and pcrma- piM-ior flock of 170 Saxons. They were di-rived nent usefulness. mostly from the noted flock of (.'liarles J5. Smith, There are, or may be, importaul advantages of Esq., of Torriiigford, Cf. The wool of Mr. a social, may we not be pei milled to say poli/ical Camp's .'beep is verv line, and ihi: fleeces avera- nature, connrct.id wiiiithcse annual g.ilhrrings gfd this season, 2 lbs. 14 ounces, which sold at of those devoted to the agiicultund interest. A GO; cts. per pound. Mr. Smith imported two fj-ee and himiliar intercourse should be had by bucks from Saxonv in 184:3. Koth of these bucks farmers, on all topics (Connected with their call- Mr. Camp has used in his flock. His lambs of mg. 1 he various modes of protecting and ad- the present seasou, miinv of them, are lerlainly yancnig this interest— the most imporlant of all very fine. interests, bulb in a national and individual sense Mr. Lucas, of Goshen, has a small flock of —should be Irecly discussed and understnod. mixod Saxon and Merinos, which are remarka- As no other opporlimity is more Ibvoiable, let ble for the weight of their Heeces. Twelve the gicatiijeeiiiig of ib,; Now York State Agri- ewes, six old ones, ami six vearlings, eight of cultural Society, be made an annual .lixrimJturitl which reared lambs, gave this' .season (il^ lbs. of Congress, whore the ways and means of advan- well->v;.slied wool— being an average of five lbs. cing the cause of agriculture and the interests and two ounces. theievvilh connected, shall be fully considered. Henry Watson, Esq. of East Wind.sor, has one l..et this mI.iii he adopted and conliuwd, tiff nn of fbe best and most piofnahlc flocks we have Utiion of feeling and concert '""*''"" ■'"'•""tinet with. He is a veteran in the breeding of this chis.", shall cause their infl°' "^ "' • --m*. as well as other stock. He, in connection nnd amwered in our nalional ''"'•' '" '•« 'fi'l I sue, , " -'•'iit. of Winchester, purchased ""' Ooiiiirils ! tiii - . - . fur SUCi,, with •aimer sliall receive from o, ,. I"''" "^' "'I the with Mr. Uu.-- -'• -he first imporialion the respect to which his uckiuJu, I'''" '""''"« '^^f^r. of tbo best fenxmis o. - ^ j,)^ .g^. ^■"ntiiles him ' acknowledged usefi.hiess ..r .. «„„. n ^1 »osto>b "' '. „,• ,1,. S„vr blood then obtained, crossed with the pure Meri- no. His wool is fine, and he oblains the highest prices for it. .\t several manufaeiuriiig estab- lishments where we happened to call, we saw or beard Mr. Watson's wool given astm example to wool-growers of what was wanted in quality and condition, yoryjiie icooL This year it brougiit 50 cents per pound, sold in his niighborhood. Last year be sold it in the dirt, obtaining a price equal to GO cents per pound lor washed wool. His fleeces average over three pounds, washed. — Bucks' fleeces weigh from 5 to 6i pounds. — Al- liuny Cultivator, Oy'Tlie prices paid for the finest wool aflbrd the bcsl encouragement to tliei;- owiier.s. The lime is far distant when first rale fine wool can be much depreciated in value. In Couneciicut, Ol any other State of the Union, we have yet, heard of no flocks of sheej), w hose fleeces coiii- mand the prices that have been uniformly paid for the fleeces of .Messrs. Barnard and Sibley, at Hopkinton, N. H. If the best Saxon wool of" Couneciicut lias this year sold at sixty-six cents per pound, the price of ihe .better fleeces of our Hopkinton friends has exceeded eighty cents. That eminent manuliicturer at Lowell, Samuel Lawrence, I'.sq., has repeatedly declared that the Hopkinton .'Saxon, wool will defy Hie competition uf ihe world! No agricultural exhibition has presented to us a more graiifying spectacle than the flock of TWENTY-FOUR SAXON BUCKS, exhibited at the (/attle Show and Fair of our County of Merrimack on the 8th of Ocloher instant, by Ja- cob Barnard, Esq., of Hopkinton. This flock, shorn late in the inontli of June, presented a uniformity and beauly of exterior, a vigor of limb, and bright liealtliiiiess of face which united to make the animals what may be denomitiulert truly handsome. The fine wooled sheep which we have seen at other exhibitions have generally aiqieared to us of such a diuginessover the body of the fleece and dirtiness of ^ag-locks, inter- spersed ill some casiis with spois of the naked .'kin, and perhaps sore and reddened eyes and running from the nose, that we could jsot look upon them with a hearty conviction that they were the jirofilable sheep of our climate. Mr. Burnaid iir this exhibition proves that the finest w ooled sheep are as well adapted, undera coinsa of proper treatment, to our climate, as ihe hardi- est of our native sheep. The flock of Mr. Barnard, Kboiit eighty in number, imluding the twenty-four bucks under exhibition, is of uniiii.xed descent from the iin- portalioii of Electoral blood imported nearly a <|iiarter of a century ago, a portion of the choice fiock owned by the king of Saxony himself For several years this flocic, which was not suflVred to pass into second bands by the Messrs. Searles who imported Ihciii, \vas kept upon the fiu-ni of the hue Col. Grant, of Walpolc. Mr. Barnard believes it to be the only pure fiock desci:iiding fiom that importation. The bucks would aver- age about three pounds to the fleece: one of them, as line as the bust, produced this ye;ir five and a half pounds of wool ; and this fleece sold at Lowell a lew weeks since for lour dollars and forty ceiiLs. ■Vir. Barnard has been for many years a suc- cessful grower of fine wool: a high or a low tariff cannot aflcct the prices of bis article. If tlicic was no w'oolen m:imifacturpr in the coun- liy. such ucol as he proiliici's would any where command high prices for exportation. The per- severance oi' liiis gciillemaii and that of his neighbor, Steplien Sibley, Esq., who has gone along with him in ibo con»lani improvement of their flocks, are deserving our highest commen- dation. A living profit has, wc believe, every year attei dcd them, so that they may say that (■arefiil managemont will always make sure the success of the fine wool growers upon tho gran- iio hills of' New Hampshive, Consumption op "lRor< — liio.N Vessels. — The destined niagnitU'Vo of our Iron Interest may bo galhered from •[^^f^ following from ibecorrcspon- ileiit of tho Vaibor.d Journal, Gernrd Kalsion, Esq., nov i„ Loudon. 1 ■ ,111 ijun »»*'•'■ »-» •■ . " ^>,„ have alr.a.ly published in y""'" «;;'';;"> ?".,-nnl the fact that one house in ^\ »1|".- ' "^.;^!. ^^""^'""•^-N^A^..-s.Be«r,c,«..^„^,, flock »>•« "' jilPS of the Snxc ^ .j one sliii) hiiildlng house here en)|iloys iiolliinrr hut iron, ami ihej- liavc on tliuir stocks i'oii.-t:uuly Kcven iron slt';wner», siiul iis last ;is oii<; is launcli- (■(I, ■■inoihir is conmicncfil on llie "ays i Eail of Derby; and died :;l Kensington Palace in 177G, whilo the General was i.: conuaanj hi America.— -Co;-. Hilt's Patriot. •Enconipnssed in an angel's fraifie. An angel's virtues hy; Too sooii (lid Heaven assert its claim. And call ils own away. 3.'y Anna's worth, my Anna's cliarnis, Must never more return'; ' : AVhat, mrj\ can till these widoivifl uTmsi' All ma! my Anna's. TTrnI These lines were published in the General's coinedy called the "Maid of the Oaks." V. '!%e folio w'mg lines are from the pen of Fitz GrCen lialleclc — descriptive of IV'ew England character. " iiut these are but their outcasts: viewlfaeui luar .\l Home, where ;dl tiieir worth and^iride i:i.pUcedi , .\nd there, ihoir hospitable fires, burn dear: ' ^,y. And there, the lovviiest f.irm-h.euse hearth ia gira,qed With manly li;Nu-ts: in piety sincei-e, In honor stern and clinstc — in danger lirave ; Beloved in lii'e, and sainted in the grave. " And minds lune there been nurtered, whose control Is ft;lt e'en in their nation's destinv: Jien vvlio sw.iyed Senates with a statesman's si.al, And looked 01 armies, with a leader's eye: N ;ines whi"]! adorn and dignify the .Scroll Whose laws contain their Country's History: And tales of love and war: — now lis! to one Of Ihe White .'Manntainper — thp i?tur': of Renniiigtnn; '• When Oil til it field, his band the iIessi:uia.fou"ht, Briefly he spoke before the fight began — ' Soldiers, those German gentlemen were bought For four pounds eight and seven pence per m:iii. By England's King* — a bargain, it w:;s thought. Are we worth more .' Let's prove it while we can, For we must beat them, boys, ere ayt of sun. Or .Mary Stark's a leidow.' It was done.'.' * The I^rituli Ctiv.TNUient cunUHctt-d wilti tiic Priucr. nr Ilesse Cassel to pay that ainnimt fc.r every Hessian soldier n lui was lost in the war. General Stark made nseof that argument to cheer on his troups to the attack. ■ PicKi.i.NG Tlcm Trees.— It has been frequent- ly lecouiiiieniled to strew salt around plum trees, not only for the purpose of destroyiuff the L'ruhs of the cuiculio which may he in tiie soil, hut to siiuiulatethe tree to hear. We saw a successful experiment of this kind the other day, in the garden of onr brother Caot. P. C. Holmes, of Gardiner. He has several pliim Meteorological Observations at Concord, Tcl^Pil JHjt Itrfare .•.■iii'-i-i.--e ruiil 3 u'cloch P. M. BY /K, CHA1SDI.ER. 1845 k l^ ^ mud. Ciuiafc. 1 K ^, h c -^ o f-l 1 s« il <3 I Character vf ClouJ-'^ etc. iieii.se fog. cimts. rirro siratit.^. liglic rain. ciiiu-.^lralus. r.iimiiii. ciniif. cirro-stratus. cleiir aiiU ttac. cirrus. cirro-stratus. cirroand cumiilo sstiatus raiilin;; lightly. cuinwio-siratus. cirro-^tiams. clear. dense t'ti|?. cirrd ciiiiuiliis. cirro-strahn. cirro-stratus, cirro-i^lratiis. lifht fiosti rirro-r-.inmlns. d«nse f,ig — hard frost. cirro-sUatus, [light rain, light tiiiii. rtcnse I'os;. i,uinulo-:itratus. cl-:ar and fiiii\ cirrn-euinuliis. eiirus, liigijy. cirro-^ciaius. cirro-stratus, [cirro-ciironlns. St. — rained ill the liiglit. cum'ilas. llstratts. |cirro-otraln.?. rainlii;;, Isiratus. clear in the zenith. dense f.ip. cirro and cnmuln-ptratns. cirro-5-tratus. cirro-stratus. siratiis. cirro str.ltiis. dense fug. clear. ■ 5[stratu.-i. 4[cirro-stralus. stratus. frirro stratus. dense fo'j. cirro-stratus. For the Farmer's Mouthiy Visitor. Dissertation upon iManiires ; Read before the jVcrrimack ..'Agricultural Society, Oct. 8, 1845! By Lev; jlJARTLiCTT, oT Warner. Mil. Presidp.vt:^! feel that I am wiiolly in- dehted to yon for the honor of this niy firs^ aji- peai'anee before an audience as a speaker; for it was at your sui.>-f;estiou ihtit 1 was appointed lo read a dissertfltion before this nierting iipou the sidiject of " miuiur".-." Peilinps h::d the selec- tion been left lo niysell', ! should have chosen some other thcine, — [lerhaps, htive given a lec- ture upon the cultivaliou of flowers, as that would have been a subject to_ have interested tlie- ladies, rather than the ilry and rnsty subject of manure-', which upon the first thongSt ap- j!ear.-j to he liither a stale matter. But when we come to apply the" sober second thought," we at once recognize its iiiiporlanire, for upon the rii;ht mantigement and a|iplic:ition of manures '• hang all the law and the j,rq/ils of agricnlluro"; for we are all well aivaie of t!ie fact, thai to at- tempt to cultiv.-itc most of the soils in tins soctiou ' of the eouuli-y without- applying to il, in suffi- cient quantities, the appropriate food of the plants wo wish to cullivate, we receive iiut poor wages for onr hihor, .ind gi-adually impoverish our laiul.s — a practice that has already been car- . ried to such an e.\teut, thtit many which svere once gooil and productive farms, htive become so impoverished they do not prodiico one half, aiid in sii.iie instances one third Ihe former produce, nor keep half the amount of neat stock they did , some forty or filly years ago. This slate of things has' heen hron^lit about, (i:irtly by circmii- stun.'os beyond onr control, hut more li-eq-ueutly, fi-om a bad system of cnliivation, anil, severe cro(ipiug, without maUiiig adeqn.-ae returns to the soil, for the heavy' drafis annindly made upon it. " I'lants need food, as well as animals; and uitliout it neither can grow, but must periiih. — But how does maniire act in the soil ? how doe.s it (lied |)hinls? It acls precisely as food to man and :ininial.«." "Plants and tmimtils are both enabled to grow upon what they eat, and al- though their mode of eating is different, ihey both gi'ow hy uhat they feed on, and in no other way." Th'is being the fact, then it hecomes I'irmers to pi'ovide food for their growing ei'ops, and to take every possible means to increase llieir manure heaps, both in quantity and qual- But too many of IIS are sadly in fniilt iu this lesjiecl: when a farmer sufi'ers the lains and melting snows to wash out of his manure the soiuhle and most valuable parts of it, he acts upon abotit as economical ti plan as he would to cany his corn lo mill and get it ground iiiid bolt- ed, and then throw away the flour and eat the bran. When he suft'ers his manure heaps to heat excessively and it hecomes mouldy atul dry, or fire-finged as it is termed, he acls upon the ■•ame iniucinh; he would if he were to fill a ket- tle with first pi'oof spirit, and put it over a fire and attempt to hoil il down to fourth proof! I^n hotli cases the volatile part, (the spirit,) takes to iUtilf Wings and flies away, and is lost in the aHJ.''^'^- ill this section of ihe country, the farmer mu.st (h'pehd principally for his manure, to feed his ciojis — upon his stock of catile — his piggery — and Ills \vaste manors about his dwelling-liouso ; and it will be my object at this time to suggest a few hints in the mauagement of these niattei'.s. Few rarniers in this county have inani!i-e cellars tin- . der their barns; but- to sucli as have, i will ofler a few hints, even at the risk of not advancing one single nev/ idea. To prevent loss hy wash- ing av>ay',"ihe bottpm of the cellar, if of a loose or graveriy n.tture, ' should have a coating of clay morlar spread over it, and then a plank floor. It- would, if kcjit moist, probably last one tiniidred years, though I have not tried it, so long; but at any rate, it would prevent the drain- agi! from soaking into the ground — and very miiidi facilitate the removal of the manure hy the shovel and fork. There shcnid be a good quantity of dried swamp muck, ]ieat, leave's and soil from the woods, sau- dust, or even spent b;irk from the tan-yard, if nothing bettor can he olilaiiied, spread over llie lloor in the first place; and the iciinure from the hovels, both solid and liquid, should be daily dropped into the cellars; and during the sumnier tiie cows should be tied up iit night and littered ; the hovol should be well ventilated, by having the windows or doors open. Every few days additional quantities of muck, &c. should he thrown in; and the swine should be kept there to root ovcrand mix np the whole mass. I believe the quantity and quality of ihe manure, from a given number of cattle, managed in this way, would be quadrupled, when coniptired with the careless and slovenly course pursued by many farmeis in this mat- ter. r,\it, as before observed, there are fa-.v fiirmers that have Cellars under their barns, and lec, that have not, ought to manage the best way we can. Then in the first place, the hovel floors should he jcaier-tight, and one of the floor plank in the rear of the catiie, sunk two inches, to form a kind of 152 QL\)t JTarmcr's iHoutl)Ii) faisitov. gutter or trough, into wlilclj the manure nmy drop. Some iihsorl)ent shonid he provideil to lake u|) tlie iMiuid |)art of it, snch us swamp mnck, saw dust, cliopped rjc straw, an n-nderstatiils, the better be is qualified for his practice or pftjfess- ion. Will not the same iraii^ qf rBasoni(ig apply to the farmer? Most surely it will. We ail know or believe the whole phpielary systt-iai is governed by certain fii:e)l. ipld juyiolatile laws, I iHid by tiie labors ami inyestigatjons of sojeiuilic men these laws liavg hesp 50 far discofipiigd, that an astronomer can calculate to the fi'sptioii of a second, when celesiial plieiiomei)a are to reeur after the lapse of long periods oi' lime. Then is it not just as reasonable to sup|iose the vegetable creation is governed by laws no less ceitain and fixed? You must all say yes. You cannot believe the vegetable products of this earth are the hnp-bazanl results of n Miud chimce. If it were so, then indeed men might expect to "giuhcr grapesof thorns, and figs IVom thistles." ■I'ben I'or the most skilful, and cco'- nomical management of a (iu-in, the cultivator should possess a good kuowh-dge of these laws, or scientific principles that have been developed, and hronght to bear upon the stdyect, within a very lew years past, by the labors and researches of iiumerous scientific men, both in F.urope and this country. Chemistry and geology as connec- ted with agriculture, are of great iu'ipurtaiure to" the farmer, and by their application to the sub-- ject, the reas(nis of many things that were once dark and mysterious are revealed clear as the noon-day sim. In view, then, of this, sou should study into the nature and uses of the some twelve or fifteen substances that enter into the compo- sition of plants. You should make yourselves as timiihar with chemical terms, as yon arc with " household words." You can do these things without going to college, or attending a regular course of lectures in geology or chemistry. — Club together in town, or school district associa- tions and purchase books treating upon these subjects. Kmploy rainy days and the long eve- nings in will^er in study, it is too late in the day, for one to rise up here and tell us the sun, instead of the earth, makes a diurnal revolution. 'Tis too late for ignorance and prejudice to deny Ihe application of scientific principles lo agricul- ture. In pursuing these studies you will "be led from nature up lo nature's God." And oh, "how unceasingly does he press this, his example not only of unbounded goodness, hut of universal charity — above all other meii--on ihe attenilmi of the tiller of the soil. Does the corn spring more freshly when scattered by a Protestant hand —-are the harvests more abundant on a Catholic soil,— and does not the sun shine alike, and t!ie dew descend, on the domains of each political parly?" Every step you advance, will more strongly impress upon i your minds enlarged views of ibe benevolence, as well as the wisilom and power of Deity. Hints to Younib Me.n. — Be Economical. — No matter if your parents are worth millions, it is not Ihe less proper that you should understand the value of miniey, and the honest, honorable means of accpiiiing it. What multitudes of young men, particularly in our cities, make fatal shipwreck of reputation and health, and eveutn- allyof property, by a neglect of tljis maxim. — They are aware that their liilbeis oblained their wealth by habits of industry, but they are asham- ed of Ihe very name. They forget that wealth in this country passes rapidly from one to anoth- er, and that be who is rich to-day may be poor to-morrow; or lliat he who relies on wealth amassed by bis father, may end his days in a poor house. It is lor the young man to say whether by industry and economy be will secure compe- tence and respectability, or by extravagance and idleness become a worthless beggar and a spong- ing outcast. Bk Just. — In the course of life a man fre- quently fiiid.1 bis interest or his opinion crossed by those from whom he had a right to expect better things, and Ibe yoiiue are apt to feel such matters very sensibly. But be not rash in your condemnation. Look at their conduct carel'nily and be just to the motives that prompt it. Yoii may find that were you placed in their position,, the course you now condemn would be the one proper for you, and the one you would be under- obligation to pursue. A little cool consideration' would avoid much censoriousncss. English FaRMI^o. — Large crops of Wheat — working of Coius — -iconomy of manure, and /m^- provemcnt of the Sfiil. — ^Piofcssor Colmaii, in his. European toij)-., i)ieiitJQi)s. an, inptanco where a, man iiad 5U.;^)^or,tt;d.hiniself,.vvife and son, from, twj D,ci;es, ff Innt),, fqv which he paid a rent off $45 0"tf\;- an(.|;iii,tSip, c^burse of seven years, savedi enough frau^ ijie. produce of his two .acre*i to. purchase two acres at .$144 to 193 per acre. In another cast siix acres, under spade cultivation, i*. stated to have given an average of .W bushels of:' wheal per acre. Another witness bioughti liBr fore the IHn-bamenlary eomniittee, testified that- on the estate of Lord Howaril, Barbot Hall,. Yorkshire, twenty-eight bushels of wheat had been obtained from a tjuarter of an acre ; being at the rate of I IQ bushels per acre. Mr. Colman , 1 54 ^[]t faxmtfs il\o\\\\)b} lUeitor. 'hinke, lioui'ver, llint the iicciinicy of lliis slute- ineiit m;iy be coll^iaiiis arc taken in all cases to save the '■ manure. Nothing is wasted. Tlie animals arc \ stalKid, and only im-iied into a yard a few Lotus a day for exercise. Brick or stone tanks, well cemented, are smdi near the cow stables and pigsties, for the rereplion of,all the lii)iiid nia- iime. "The cojitenis of these tanks, on becoui- iiig full, ure pumped into a small cart with a eprinklin-j box att/u-.hed to it, like that used for watering,' streets in cities, and distributed over the crops, always with the greatest advantage, ai-.d vvitiieftectsimmr-dialfly perceptible." All which Mr. Colmau saw, couvinced luui that there is no necessity of impoverishing the soil, but that un- der the riglit iii:ina:4'i-'mBnl, it will keep itself in tondiiiou, and be ever iirijiroving. — Am. Fanner. From tl,c N. 11. Patriot and Stale Gazre they were hatched; but she told us she did after they were, and she had 113. When we saw then], there were 110 — what we thought was good evideuee of her b'.-ing a first-rate nurse. 3irs. .•^. informed as that she readily obtained 9 cts. a pound for her chick- ens. Her five score and ten chickens, at that rate, will do much towards supplying a prudoutvvouiau wjjli!^ pin money. | The garden of Jeremiah Kimball, at Fishersviirc, next came under our notice. It exhibited a j'nost lux- uriaut growth of the vegetables usually cultivafed in our gardens. II is heels and carrots were of great size, liis garden was well laid flat, and very free from weeds. Your comnnttee noticed, not only in this, bril in nearly every garden they saw, 'tlie, general luult of loo many plants on a given piece of ground. We next viewed a piece of corn, owned by Reuben Johnson^ there was about one and a half acre in the piei;e, most of it very heavy, and promised a large crop, although some pari of il \v;:S sulfering liu- want of rain. We next cxamiued the noble firju of W. li. (j'lige, formerly knOwAas the Col. Chandler plai'.e. Air. (Jage has Setwcen five and six hundred acres land — about 100 acres of intervale, suitable for the plough and 50 acres of low intervale, or what is called luitural mead- ow. There was a field of about six acres of torn, well hoefi and free trom weeds; the (!orn crop vv;is heavy, aiul proniiso'd a good, a very good crop — one and a half acre of wheat, and, notwithstanding its be- ing upon iht intervale, it had snfi'ered very little from the weevil or r; st. 'i lie oat crop, soiiu; Si or !* aci'es, was very good, as also liia potatoes and beans. His crop of hay was uLoul as good as usual. 'J he farm i.t in a high stnte of cultivation. His barn, corn house and out h'jus^'.', corretpond with the farm. Rir. Gage entered his crops but not ihe firm. I'Vom Mr. Gage's, we next visited the farm of Copt. David I\forrill, in Canterbury. This farm contains about ISO acres of land; alaige portion cf it lies gently sloping to the south. One field of 2;i acres, liom wdii'di they were ttildng the hay whcMi we. wert! ibcrc, ivas originally stony, with many large rocks upon it; but by the pel severing labor of forty years, they havi; all been removed, and the whole field was as clear IVoin them as a piece of pine plain. He had -L acres of wheat, very even, and <'[ heavy growtji. Ills corn had sullered much by worms. Capt. .M. hi:s paid iiiach at- tcnlion to the cultivation cf the chuiixst fruits, and is now enjoying the rewanls of his labors. His trees were thiilly, and bespoke good coiidiliuii. 'I'here are many good and substantial gales upon his farm, which are much more convenient than Imrs, uspoulally where there is frequent occasion to pass and repass with a | team. Capt. Morrill is some over 70 years of age; I lut he possesses all the jollity and buoyancy of spirits of a voulli of 20. "May his shadow never be less." Nc.vt hi course, canie the firm of the Hon. Amos Cogswell. It is beautifully situated, some two luiles north of the Shaker V'illage. It contains about 100 acres. He had 2.J acres of wheat, and l.J of corn.— flis hay crop had fallen short from last year. While rambling over his farm, there came up a shower; and not wishing to keep any of ihe rain olf of his farm in that dry time, we fled for the house, and did not ex- amine his firm so much as we should, had the rain not come on. if any one \vishes to see a stone wall tO feet thick and 80 rods in length, wo advise him to call upon .Mr. Cogswell. We next called at the Hon.' A. P. Gate's, in Notth- field. Very much to our regret, we found his " door shut, and tile li'tcli-string pulled in." Upon iiiqii.iry, we letrned he, with his fmiily, had gone to Hanover. However, wc found his corn, and a right smart piece of corn it was too. It rained while we were there; the corn v.-as so thick and full of leaves that we did not go over the whole ground; but saw enough, not only to .'satisfy us that h" uiiderslant's the practice of farming, but the sr-icnoe of it too, as he had availed himself of the refuse matters from a lanyard in the village, as a manure for his corn. The hair, flesliings, lime, &c., of a lanyard, are among the very Lc\f ar.d most durable fertilizers of the soil. We next viewed the crops of Abraham Brown, Esq., of Nortlifield. He had 4 acres of corn, planted upon good land, and sloping to the south, il was well hoed, free from weeds, and very hea\y, with the exception of a few experimental rows in difl'erent parts of the field. His ground was well manured, and when his corn was planted, a teaspoonfull of plaster of Paris W'cs dropped into each hi!!, with the exception of the few rows before referred to. The difference in the plastcr- ed»and unplastered was so great, as to astonish your committee — the corn that had the plaster, being nearly twice as heavy as the other. He had 3A acres of wheat the earliest we saw in our travels; it had sufti^red .some from ivant of rain, but was very good; and twoacres of pBtaloes, the best we saw. '1 he fields upon this firm are large and well laid out; originally somewhat rocky, but they have been cleared of iheni by the labor of himself and two sons, and laid up into as handsome walls,' as any other farmer can show in ihe count}'. From Mr. Brown's, we next \isited Ihe farm of Mr. Enoch (lerrish, of Boscawen. This is a large farm, contaiuHig 600 acres. It was late in the afternoon when we anived there; and fatigued as your commit- tee were, to make a very close inspection of a farm, having between six and seven miles of stone wall on it, was out of the question. However, we strolled over f.gme part of it, saw his S or •! acres of wheat, which iwaspiv.lty good, as also his large. field of corn, .'ihe buildings upon this farm are first rate; a large and well finished aiid furnished house, .and probably the niost expensive barn in the cotjijty, it is iOO feet in length, and 40 feet wide. The drive-way is on the east end, and goes in o\ er the girths, making it very easy uiiload- iiig the hay from the cart. Jt is v,-ell shingled and clapboarded, and painted red, with p„iinelled docss al the west end. There is a long shed on the west side of the yard, that corresponds in finish with the barn, and an abundant supply of water in the yard. Your cuiiiinitcee were of the opinion, that a rnaii with such a farm, should not long remain a bachelor: and we took the libertv cf just hinting to him our opin- ion in this matter, but have not yet learned what ctiect it has had upon him. Nathan 1'. Ames entered afield of wheat. 'I here were about three acres of it; very good, and the com- mittee thought the best they had seen, it was the Tea wheat. .Mr. I.aban J.I. C'badwick'swheat and corn next came under our cognizanro. Ilis corn was go.od, and free fi'om weeds, Init planted closer than anv piece we ex- aiirined. j. .is wheat was of. a new kind of A/»c/.- sen w'tcat, beardless, and proillised a good crop. Capt. Samuel Chadvvic.k entered his crops fiir pre- mium, ills corn and wheat were prelly good, lie h id a field of cats, it part of it sown with seed trom \ermont. U'he straw was \cry heavy, but it was as smutty as.a cliimney-sweep; while the other, by the side of it, was free from smut. While we were at Ca|il. Chadwick'p, his ywing man went to mowing; and he liiuial a *' gemmaii of colot" wal'lowing uown the gra.ss, and die way he let iiiio hiiu was a caution to all snakes to keep olf of Capt. Chadwick's firm. — Had there been a prcmiuni on killing black snakes, this young man would have been entitled to il, as the one he killed was decidedly tlie tallet:l one wc saw in our cruise, as it measureil about 5 feet. We iifxt paid our respeilH to Major Silas Call, who had eiiti;red hi:i ciops for examination, .Maj. Call had I large field of ciuii, and the whole * bv the side of V-rush fcti"e, i^oed stone walls, 10 Ihe extriit of nearly iOo rod^^." .All of wliirh wo might expect from that energetic and, enterprising far- mer, Capt. Whipple. We have not told you where we ate our dinners, nor where we took our /en — but must say we every- where mel with what they call in Scotland, a right "Highland welcome." And would further s;iy, if there are any here lb. I wish to enjoy a pleasant excur- sion, and a iVw days of good ealiii j; next summer, to make laily applicaliim to get on to the vicw'iiig roni- mittee; for the sun does not shine upon a class of bet- ter livers, a class that possesses more genuine hospital- ity, than the substantial and independent, farmers of .Merrimack coiupl Your coinm miumii: 0:> Fiirms. 'i'oCnpt. David Motrill,of C: ntctliiry, the first pro- miuin of lour dollars. 'I'o Benjamin Walker, the second, of three dollars. On General Crops. To Win. W. Gage, of Boscuwen. three dollars. iltte'e lune awarded the following pre ®l)C jTavmcr's iilontl)li) iUsitor. 155 To Abraham Brown, of Northfield, two " To I.aban M. Chadwick, Boscawen, one dollar and fifty cents. ToAlaj. ?il.\s Call, of B«sc-a>wn, ono dollar. 0,1 meat. To Nathan I'. Ames, cif Boscawi'ii, two dollars. To Knoch Little " . " one dollar and fifty cents. To Hon. .\nio.s Cogswell, of CaiilorburyjOno dollar. 0,i Corn. To Keuben Johnson, of Boscawen, two dollars. To Hon. A. P. Cate, of Northfield, one dollar and fifiy cents. To Capf. I,. Chadwick, orBoscawen, one dollar. On Gardens. To .lueniiali Kimball, of f'ishersville, two dolhrs. To IJonj. Simpson, of Boscawen, one dollur. It would have aflbrded the commitleu much pleasure to have dispensed more awards, lint we used up our premium list, and did not like the plan of drawing from our own wallets. If any feel dissati.slied, we entreat them to impute the blame to an error of the head, and not of the heart. All of whijii is respectfully submitted. L. BARTLETT, for the committee. Oct. 8, 1S45. ' ■ ; ; Victoria's royal subjects. They all weigh over two hundred pounds a cheese, and several of them more tliiiu two hundred and forty jMunds. If Her iVIiijPsty desires larger than these, we will jnake them so here- after. CONCORD, N. H., OCTOBER 31, IWi. The iinne.xcil poetir Rppon was read bcfiiro a cotiiniittee, hfior the late Cattle Show jit Pitts- field, Mass. :— On Swine. 'J'heC'nminittee on Porkers, to whose ;Tr.icioiis rnro, Were referred ai"l the merits ()!' Pi^js at llle fair. Viewing the subject of gr;ivest lni|>or.t, Beg leave, l<> your body, iti rhyme, to Ileport ; With sincere satisfaction vour committee have ctmnd Ou those fine, not>lo nJUives ©id Berks-hire has raised, Oa the size uiost Herculean, lo which our pigs grew, And the digniiied bearitif; with which, in each pen, The occupants snuQ''d at jr-iuarks frou^ ll;e men ; Each. bearing with patience, of jokes, I'le whole bruBt, Anil uttering on]y a half suppressed grunt. They thought wiih gned reason. hnw'fanied liegs weuld be, If but once iliey could get up a axinne juhilee. your cominiilee aver, and ilicy trust without tie.ason. That, though to our swine friends, iias hccn denied reason, There are facts enough fnrnisiied to make a strong case,- That by ties i.norc tlian one, they're allied to our race. Take your Grunter, for instance, your. .\!derman Hog, VV'lio walks, lakes his dinner, and sleeps like si l'>g, W'lijl is he, gootl sirs! with his gulfawsatld gre.ase. But a very respectableyKS//cc of the peace Take your leoi yearling:, Moco. neither dirty nor greasy, Who will sin.) up all cases, and never is easy. Wiio will ruui up your garrlen. your oreiiard will peel j He's a newly Hedged law_\er;, just list to his squeal t In love and airection wh-i dares lo vie . _ \Vith the kind, nursing mctltier, whose home is the sty ? Like the Roman Cornelia, liow well may she say, When asked I'er ber jewels, "see ihem yonder at play.'' And the Fop dies of envy, to see his hair fail In the ringlets the young l>'iar waves in his tail, And the pig inarching plump into Ibe bower of his fair, Without either serenade, song, or guitar. The dandy exclaims, " this is demnitien fine, O ! for the cu'-ls in the tail of that swine. "' There's scarce a proressieu our swine would not fill, From ruling n State down lo making a pill ; 'V.s adversity's fire that jiurp gold mii.-:i abi^ie, And of all things, the-HoL' is most tho.-nughly ii-icd. Tben^too, wlien the side of pork is cut up and cured. And the shoulders and haiti^ in the smi'ke-house uiiinur'd, A\ougl»l is lelt but the beau that's aLlied.to our race. Once bake it, 'tis what '.' \.liy, a minister's flice. As the world has been blessed by the writings of men. So lo swine are we holdeii for gifts of the pen j .And when olT the hog shulEes his own mortal coil. The world is still lighter with thought of lard oil. As to lilniid and to bre'cd. withetjt any jest. That hog, like a government, alsyays is best. That is manajred the way the safest and surest To round otr the pork barrel plumpest and fullest. Your clnirman once purchased sTiioe line Berkshire pigs. At their exquisite Iwauty he often danced jigs j . When he killed-tbeni and called for side pork-iri the lump, They turned now the cold shoulder and now the round rtimp. .It has long" been a point, in all circles inticli mooted, To whicb side in politics hogs are best suited. Some have. Democrats', called them ; seme, Whigs, in pretence; All agree they are seldom found perched on tlie fence. For they found it characteristic nf swine, To be sovereign at all times, indepe^riVJj* in ni en. And in spite of the 'owner, his whip, or his dog. To be sure they're contrary, then go the whole It02. Cheese. — ^Thirty-seven noble cheeses, from ten ditVereut dairies, the same which took the premiums at the late State Fair at I'tica, have been shipped on board the Mediator, for Ijondon, to gratify the palates of (luecn Five Bays away from Ilonie. When 11 tiKiti lakes up uti iih'ti in pliiloso|tliy or i;lliics (•tilertaitieil by ito otic olsc, it i.s ti point of lii^jli gratiliiMtioii to liiul lh« fiicbs so liir lietu'- int; liiiM out as to ohtuiii from their ntiUml ap- pt'iiiaiiee the concession of the triitli of his theory. The notice in our last pcregiinaiioiis of the " little mountain at llooUsett," was wiiiteii ami pnhlislied with an e.\|)(;rtalinii that it iniglit he set down us one of tlie v;ii£;iries of a dise.iseu imagination of Itiic liccome enthti.siastii: in rela- tion lo the earth, its even and niieven surliiOes, anil its capacity to [irodnce every thin;; neccs.-aiy to the support, and even to the enibellishtneul, of our liUtnan 'lU'e. What was our sni-pri.se lo he Ciilleil on by a retuler of the Visitor — anil we have not ten readers here where the iinpo; lance of our paper should secure us iinndreds — liviiin; in lliis viliaf;!.', who with another htid gone till the w;iy to Ilpulisett to look at the clnio.slty, and who bl'ousht us, as evidence that we were riolil, the scoriii of nielied rocks I'rotn this niounttiin which had been thrown out of the bowels of the earth, and other cuiions fragtiieiits, all goiui: to tnake the uitittcr as phiin as if it were an event of yes- terday. IVIoreover, our informant said tlitil the era;;s. and fissures of the rocks, as well as the shape . of the little inotintaiti itselii proved its origin in the convulsive throes oi those stifety valves. of cretilion, in an age of tlie worhl when this |)art of North .'\nierica vviis the region of volcanoes wliieli have either become exiinet, or been remove,! in veins lo oilier points ol' the glolie. I'eiiig e.veecdingjy jciatified in that pari of our kicuhralintis v\ liich related to the Hooksett mouu- lain, we now pio'ceed tofniish the acennnt'whicii we iiist week begiui. Gob P>ei;jtiiviiu Poore resides ou a farm at Vv'est >fewliury, i! ur miles out of Newburyporl, which h.id become to the editor a rnaiirr of iiMrresl from the fitct that, in theyear 1844, he htiil been iiuarded by the Miissachusetts Agrieu!tiif;il So- ciety the sum of S'-OO for the best farm oU'ered, and a gratuity of $50 for. lite best method of ih.-iinitig land.--. Allhottgh we cannot eo!i.:ede thtit Col. Poore's farm, or farm maitagetnee.t, is the best and the most profitably ciiltivtited, we are yet willing to concede iinich to the persever- ance and the maiiagemeut of its owner w ho is abiitidantly supplied uiib the means to da for agrit^nlture and hoVticulture, on his premises,, whatsoever his hand fitidetit to ilo. The ancestors of this gentleman came tcihis country about the year 1640, nearly two hundred years ago, and then settled at the place now called Indian Hill, being a rising ground niemor- ablo for a fight between the whites and tin; In- dians .several years after the arrival of the set- tlers. The father of Cob P. (the. hit* Dniiiel Nojes Poore, ST. D.) died in Jatmnry, W57, in Hie 78tii year of his age. Dr. P. was lined at Diin.i- iner Academy, and was it classinale at'Harvard University with Riifiis Kitig aitdTliotnas Dawes. The Pooi-es are of an ancient fiimily who came to England from Normamly in 1006. Herbert Pauj>ere or Poore, was bi.-iho]) of paruie, and as- sisted in the coronation of King .lohn, .-itid was also one of those " hisl'.ops and bitrous'.' who uresti-d froni.that arbitrary and weak nionaHdi Ib.e fiiinons Magna Charta, in 1915. The late Saninel L. Ktuipp, who was curious in these matters, wrote an Qbitntiry notice of Dr. Pooi supposed. The Colnuel has taken liis hands ireiierally fresh from the foreign country, and paid ihem the foreign prices, insiruciing them in his own way: these men, wiien instruct- ed what to do, (ire no eye-servants — they work as well when the master is absent, as present, so they know what to slo and how to do it. Indian Hill is one of those beautiful swell.s of ground which we before descrilied, being an ob- long whose base is in extent some mile and a half", J^y half the distance in width. The south two- "'■lirdsof this hill, including all liie highest point, irs n ipsrt of the farm w hicli spreads itself easter- Oy, wiesferly and southerly, down and beyond the bottw.w of the hill. The mansion house, aniple barn and other buildiijgs, stand one hnnihedand twenty feet below the top of the hill, which is two hiinany, enabled us to descry objects wilh great distinct- ness, upon the side of tbe ocean, full thirty /niles: through this glass the village of Uockport on the one liaiid appeared as looking upon it at a ilie- tance of a mile, and the old While Island light, where we had lodged in Ihe-sea one. night, was to the vision as large as lift?. Above the mansion, upon the south-easterly side of ilie side hill, is Col. Poore's beautiful gar- den, in whtch nalmeaiid art bolli appear to great iidvanlage. The peach tiees were borne clown with hisciou-s led-clieeketJ fruit, which had not yet l>ec(jjMl;ince, not the least profitable of which were tJie thrifty apple trees of one, tvvo and more years growth, inoculated or grafted with the Ifct- ler li'uits, and classed. To the left of the garden, looking down upon the side hill, were several acres of corn growing in rich luxuriance, show- ing how deep ploughing and muck manure »vill stand any drought, even the most severe of the present year, without curling of the leaf. Stilt i'urlher to the left were fields of luxuriant iiiow- iiig, pasture and tillage, evidence of whose pro- ducts was 10 he fonnd, either upon the ground, or upon the mows of the splendid byre, or Scotch barn, which with the mansion is in view and of easy access. A westerly view down the other side. of the oh- long, is a splendid panorama, one to two miles over each way, tlic nearest fiont of which is a twenty acre field, in which the ex|)eriment at ploughing w.'is going on. This field isapproach- ed by a lane running liom the house at the foot of the, hill. The lot comes do.vvn upon tbe hill into marshy ground. The whole held has been under-drained several years, the excellent effect of wliii:li has been felt in many successive hay crops. To the under-draining of this field Col. P. now calculates to add subsoil ploughing of a depth of lidm sixteen to twenty inches. He says ho lost much labor at first in constructing these chains from a want of a piaclical knowledge how it should he done. He at length employed a Mr. Grieve, a Scotchman, who made tbe work eftcict- ual and perfect by commiMiciug with a fall at the lower point through which all the water is dis- charged ; these blind drains are constructed near- ly or cpiite u]ion a level. Wjien upon the springy side hill, they crook so as to preserve the level — iifion a dead level lliey run in direct lines; the fall from one to aiiollnjr level is by shelves or falls similar to the main outlet where the drains be- gin. In this way the cold springs are all cut off and carried away below where the plough can ever reach — the drains are made lariher or near- er from each otler according to the nature of the soil: a natural stiff clay and hard subsoil rcipiires. thein more fTecpieiit than a sandy, light or porous soil. When these drains are once perfected, the soil will. become lightened, generous and rich, to the depth of stirring by the subsoil plough ; and the crops, coining from a field thus prepared, are beyond all expectation of those who have been in the habit of eonsiilering the cold. Wilh common ploughing to the depth ol live or six incihes. Col. Puorc's field of twenty acres, with nndin-draining ahnie", has done wonders: with the subsoiliiig aihh'cl, lliis twenty acres will give the proilutt of hundreds hereafter. Upon this fiirm tweuty years ago, one Wilson, a Scolc-hman, WHS employed as a d1tc:lier. Its present propiie- lor is calc'iilatiug to c;xtend both blind and sur- face ditche.<, in ccnlstructing which, and in mak- ing bridges and water course.H, widening and sliaitiMiing private avenues as well as the travel- led public, roads near his prcunisos, and in clear- ing oil' and l;urying surplus rocks, he has expend- ed wh.al would .seiMii to he an enormous amount of work ill Irishmens' days labor. Tbe house arid buildings with Ihe irees and shrnbhery and gravelled Walks abiuit it, areqnile a curiosity. Guarding the enlrance is the figure of ihe Indian chief from whom it derives its name. The house and byre are all connectecl hciieuth one extended roof. The house, whose main frame is of an aiH-ienl dale in the family, has been made over into many and capacious rooms adoine'd with furiiifure liolh anciehi and modern — wilh abundance of books in alcoves of ilifferent aparimenis, and periodicals, plates ;ind manuscripts adorning cenire labhs. Sojourning here, the visitant might well suppose him.self.to be Iransporleil to the hall of some European succeeding Ihe baronial ages, where llie slraoger ordered and received whatever enlertainmenl his heart desired^ and where, if an enemy, hi; was secure in all the rights of fiospilality until he was far beyond the limits of the landlord whose firo- Icction cnstoin had pledged. Under the first floor lo the entrance of the hous<>, is the kitchen, storerooms, lodgitig rooms, &c., for lh»' accomniodalion of the whole domes- .lic establishment, cooking and dairy pm [loses, &;c. The drainage and wliole surplus inchiding the contenls ol' privies in three stories, are all carried off in ihe rear to a vault, over which has l>een constructed I'roin the commcjn stone of the vicinity one of those golhic circular portals, siicl) as we might conceive to be a )ilace of arintd de- fence fc^r the baronial ch.itean. The whole pile of buildings is real,or iiiiilatioii WidI, resemhliiig an ancient foilress. The gothic circular tower has sometimes embarrassed ils aciive owner by Ihe lady inipiiries and anxiety to be shown ils use and purposes — something suppo.sed to gratify tiie fancy rather than l)e oonverted. lo tlie liniii- hle interior use lo which ihe outside fnrnishes no iiulicaiioii. The eiilire sink drainage of the bouse, the drainaae from the Imriis — every thing coming lo be offensive in all [larts of the house — go directly lo the ample vault, into which muck or oliier material with plaslcrof paris, are thrown — ofien ro be changed and carted away out oi' sight, and beyond hearingv scent or smell lo the family annoyance, iiiaking at Ihe return of every few weeks a grand contribution to Ihe manure pile.. In an aparlmenton ihe rear wing of the man- sion, is an extensive cabinet of iiiiuei'als, curious woods, &.C., at Ihe end of which is an apartment with liic similies of the hand writing of many men of eminence, both of modern and ancient dale, curious wares, Indian implemeiils, ancient manuscripts and books. Among the last we hail the curiosity lo transcribe ihe title page of one of an ancient dale having relation more peculiarly to the object of our publication. It is as follows : 1G56. Par-idisi in Sole Pnradisous Terreslojs on A clioise Gilrden of nil sorts ol" liiirest !''inwcrs with tlu-ir Nature, Phcc; ul" Birth, tinin nt' tirtwcnrig, N.Tnlcs ancj V'erlues lo each Plant, iiselul in Ph.vsick. or ad- mired lor Beauty. 'I'o which IS annexl a Kitcheii Garden luriiishcd wilh all inaiiiier of" flcrbs. Roots ami Fruits lor Meal or Sawse used, with (he art of planiingan Orrhnrd ol' all h'orla ol^ frurt beiirtitg 'frees a-nd Shrubs. 9hewiMt;llie A'aUiro of Gral'liiii;. Inoculatinc: and I'riiiiiiKj of Ihein. Togelherwilh the right ordering, plaining and preser- ving of llieni, with Ihcir select vertues ; ,\ll nieiitionecl in former HerbaU. Collected by John Farkinson Apoihecary of London, and the Ivmgs Herbarist. I.oiuton : I'linled by K. N. and are to be sold by Racliard at his shop Hi the -sign oT the Cross Keys, at bt I*aul9 gale go- ing into (,'heapside. 16it). This early hook on gardening-is a great curios- ity. Every kind of plant is called {)y ils known name, and ils medical and oiIh^c properties, nffect- ing the heallh of male or female, are desrriby'd in plain li;rins. In ihi' fly leaf and wilh elegnnt chirograpliy peculiar' to the liesf peiiiiicii now someiinics-socu in ancient manuscripts, the words " .Apthorp 17tiO" are wrilleii — belosv it, " Clinrles Coffin, I'tifi." Of the inaiiy; sities, (ve noticed a i-lock which has fieeii kept going over two hundred years, v.ith its ornamented case, the original draw ings upon which were brought out a few years since by soim^ process of an ar- tist who visited Indian Hill mansion. In all these curious mailers Col. Poore has discovered liis usual characteristic industry, backed hy a niuni- ficence which with ample meuns disiesaiils c.\ |,l (,.,■ this fhiy, «s the ciini.i-os sy the aulhorilies of his own State as an amami- eiis^s to seleet and rescue fiom the iiiannscripts "I laris, in pnhlic archives and private lihraries, Uie materials (or much of the yet unwritten his- tory o( Massachusetts and of our coimtrv. The harn, or hyre, of ihe Indian hill iki-ni rc- fiiains to he descrihed. It is laid within waJIs which must eiultire for ajies, with ils lo\ver story helow the surface of the ground. The flooriu" vall ha.s been made ujxjn the Meadow f«rm, which is nearly surrounded by two public road.s. This wall is of a kiml particularly chosen as a model by Col. I . while Ml !-c<,lladM;ks are g.-ounded below ii,e action of the frost— the fifsteom-ses are ilonble, capiicd with a single binder half way up-them again .It^ubled, and finally capped at the top with an- other bmder. The w,dl is unique and beantilid , ill appeanmce— such as we have no where else -•^een. The name of the Scotchman who mainly coiislructs this uall is Duncan. When the stones are drawn to the grotind, two hands will break and prepare them and the ground, and lay, as a day's work, two i-ods. Particdlaily gratified with our visit at Indian llill, tarrymg over night and the .second day till noon, having been entertained with many th'in.'s both new and »M, as well within doors as wit'h- out-alter hesitating in the various iiivilations to go and spend the Sabbath in different towns and neighborhoods, anyone of which would be both new and mterestnig— the scale was turned in fii- vor of North Anastor now somewhere about thirty years. The morrow was the last Sabbath of the connexion of Doctor Eaton with his charge: instead of giving a farewell in his an oveiflow of eelmg loo mighty for the tremu- oiLsold age of theoc,ogen„riai0.e exchanged m the aliernoon »,th his Andover neighbor wierewehadlhepleasineofhearingaprelch: ei ol he tihl Arminian laiih ofa fbrmer century --n.ild m doctrine, complacent in reproof, meelf and lowly m persuasion. A beaiitiiiil lake, say a mile one way, by two miles the other, lies as hctwe.^i Boxfi)re of excavation. SpicUetlfc inti ■„.ainst in many ,.nl,,i.s as ,l,e l"":;-'; ''■£^;; „^ ^J , ,„e distance of two miles li.rnishes a w,.- .Ih.auy. Dr, Kitlied.e's team pass. (1 1 y 1;" '' ^ ^,. ,„^er which has heel, improve.l to the growth <|cr,-v on Knn.lav. His ...an was stopped l'>^._"'« [ ^f,' _l',^^ ,„. „,^ |,„.^,^, ,,,„, „r ma.iulacti.r.ntr v.l W(!,-e hront'hl soMi.; ...... • , of New Hampshire, and carted over had roa(l» rcqniiin^' strong wheels ami stotit oX tcan.« o at h-ast three yokes. The t^nmlav law aiiainsl tiav- ,.1 was then pi-oseeii1ed will, great zeal hy son.e .,f the clc-gv. Snn.lay t.-avel was p.eacl.cd ■againstinmanvpnlpilsasthe p.fva.huL' s.n ol good Deacon I'.ukcrion, who ua- h..lh an oft. ofthel'iesl.,tc,ianchmcha.,da.na«is.,a.e. lie ,„;,M^aid hc"wonld not uhjccl to tarrying ,1 the k..con^^o,dd keep him. The deacon pot np h» oven a.id gave him hieakfast: he went to meet- Tng whihrthe man slal.l at hoine to leed and watch the oxen. Dim.er over, and the hay-mows ,,i,„i„i,irmg .H.dcr the hearty appetite ot the six oxen-the.hivcr eating a smart din..ei as any sohern.an sl.onhl npon the bidd.ath, ^fm^^ ero" in the forenoon and his mng ot ciderat < in- ner'^as was the practice a. Londonden-y, the .lea- con conclnded Ihe.e woul.l he no more harm m Ihe cattle to draw than lo eat, a.id the man to d,ive tha.. ho;l, eat an.l drink out the remam.ng pan of iheSahbaih, and v..hmtarily wrote him out the magisliate's pass, a.i.l sent h.,n on h.s way of o.,e of the larger class of manulactiir.ng vil- la«e.s within the town of Metlinen. Having a considerahle po.iion ot Mom ay he- fore ns, w-e .lelermiiie.l to lake a road we had not l.c.foie travclle.l, li.rthe pm pose <.f visiting fealem in New Hampshire, whose centre we had iiever seen This cci.l.-e an.l the road we passed, did not make on ns as favorahlc an impression as we ,„i.rl,lhave re.-eived in some other parts of the sa.ne town. The ancient centre, trom the gray and .lark appearance ol its chore hes am oti c hnihilngs, seems lo he fi.llmg oft prohahly lo. ,|,e feiicfit of another village in the town on Ppickett's liver with mills and manufactures, ot which we have a faint recollection to have heard. Salem village was the residence ot a lawyer emi- nent enough to he a representative in Congiess nearly fony years ago: we di.l not see even a ':(m,over is e,nal to any other inteiior .wn'of '- t:;«!-lL;i:!;;:' tS tir^I^i^So^'new New England, in three seve.-al points -.—I- irst, it is one of the hest and ...ost wealihy farming towns of its dimensions-its fa.-mers have heen rich and indep(?ndent men for more than a cenimy past. Fron. it has gone forth sot.ie of the liest population in New Hampshi.-e : only ihmk, ..ith.s Wessed town of Concor.l, of a list ol one linn- dred le-al voters hy the name ot Ahhot, all of them, we believe, origh.ating ' '^ '" -^''^'^f '; " Andover at this time presents p.-ohahly t he^laigest ^nd most vahiahle animals of the cattle kin.l in the Commonwealth, in the oxen owned by Mi. Marland ; and we believe the largest squash ever raised in this connlry to he that of the same gen- tleman this year, weighing one hundred and ei"htv-one pounds ! N.,'Xt, Andover on the suh- iect oY classi.'al and theologioal eilncaiion, lor an interior town, is equal if not .soperh.r to any oth- er in this country ; an.l in the third place, no t..«n has more conqifetely use.l up every part and l.ai- tide of her water power in economical and use- ful manufactures. that mav he fiivoiahle to the piosper.ty of a new generation. 'I'he road from Melhuen to baleii. parses over sround of thin soil, much of winch seems to be worn out hy the skinning process. Returning oft" the crooked old highway lo the straight old tm-npikeon the way to Deny quite up tS the latter village, we see few improvements or amendments which indicate that a g.-eater number may be supported on this ground than resided there thirty years ago. fheie are a lew hri'dit spots showing what may be done. At tne Den-y turnpike village the fine slate ol the aca.le- my bnildimis an.l the two newchu.ches bespeak a inoral, religions, intelligent and wealthy popu- lation suriounding them: hut the ioriner busy tra.ling stores arc close.l, and the long popular tavern house, in partial dilapidation is ob.-cu.-e.l of the former hrighmess of its shining. Uiir ol.l friend an.l Ibr.ner townsman, Capt. Moses U. l>i!«hury, now residing at Derry, has a lot a.lja- cent lo"his house consisting of four acres: three of these acres are cultivated, the remainder bc- ' '• ' '"■ 1 hese il manulii.'tures. ... , , ,i„,., r^,- ■. in<)-iikeii un with the buildings and ya.-d Ground isjust broken witlnn her ^ ^- f^;^ -^;;:':,:^;j,l,,, ,,ought to that high st. „ew city upoV, the Me, rin.ack with water povvei ,u,.lp.ipe..sequ;d,,>D,well winch. ssiUK^d three acres are b.-ought to that high slate of cilf- tivation, that besi.les half an ac.-e a|.proprmte.l i| \vh ch s Situated t. vat. on, 111. u .....-...^-.^ -•• ■■ ' ',„. ■ m ,|,p «n,,;eriverteni.il..ahove. 'h,eh..lionof.nsLti,h.e^ corporation at on.-e n.ise.l the stock in An. oyei j g.ndui ve.c^lanies^^t^ „.._i,p.ides several barrel: bri.lge which used to b,- passed m most ol the travel Iron. Coiic.rd to Huston as I h.^ nearest road from ei'ditv to over two liun.hcd dollars m the ironi eigmv u. uv.-. ..." ,. .. ,,. , .share. 'I'liis hridg<% three miles Ironi the cent e ' ...f the town, stands over the Merrimack m the npplcs of falls: just above the bridge some tvvo l„,n.lre.l men are at work nigh, and day ,i. he led.'es and on the shores an.l m ihe m.dst ol the river to cre.'t a cofter ilani cov.-ring sonie acres, ,-,s a preparation for the li.midai.on ot the main pen.ian.' nt dam ; the g.-anin; .-ock to construct the J.nlside of this ,lan, is dragged i,. wag.nis six- miles from I'elham ill N.l!ampsl,i,-c. The .-..arser stone -.^ found in ahiin. lance in the ledges about one iuihi .lislant on the s..nth si.le. It is a great w.irk, but is eligageil in with perfect conh.l.:nc.! ol jls 3UCC(-o. The stock li.'re investeil was lak.'ii u|. <,n the instant— and although no divi.lei.d can he <.arned for two years to com.', it stands m the market at tw. ntv-fiv<> p.'r cni. above the eost.— Jlere will probaiilv he a h.-w town, near whicb ^illimal.dy must pass Ihe .liivcl railroail Iron. ( on- <.or.l, N. H. to Host.in, shm-teiiing ih.' ihstauce (ul len miles— an event which is nearly as su.-e and ;.« soon to tak.' place as the factory bmldmgs are to "o up wher.' ihe canal i.« now onstructing. Accident ri'lv— the accidental wish ol a law- vtrlo sneculat.'! li.r himself while he was eiri- ■JiVnyed as ag.ml to |.mchaso ihe Inn.l ..■iiuisite lor iLis givat nnderlaking-has idiange.l the site <.l ibe new miiiiniiiclnriiig city li-om the south side of Ihe Merriinn,d< in A.i.h.v.'r lo the north si.le , J, .,be town <.f Melhu'en: il niakcs no gnat dil- V,t..'nc« p.-rhaps i.> .ilher mwu which sale. 1 he .'rtniiie le.lire in IVlliaiii is ii.'ar the iimre dnecl ■ 'ttifcr,.«d colirs.^ lo Concord, >vhicli, lak. li at the Uoi-le-d .listaniM.. throng!, natu.-al viilhys lou.-.li- ^1 jg,th« river again at ll.i.iUsell, w.mld not much to.iMl forty ii;ih:S. AilKJHi one iiiile helow Ammter bridge ciiies as well as for family usc-bes.d.!S several ..arrcl» of gi-afted apples li-om I.ees ufion the same !M-e- mises-hetook this year full mne tons of hay (i-om the remaining two ami a halt acres, (^apt. l> annually puts all the manu.-e made from a cow and a hoi'se. composted and mnlnphed into perhaps four times its original volume, npon his orass ground an.l gar.len at home. Mis corn and potato fields, with his pastu.-e at a distance, are kepi in goo.l heart by the use of ashes,j.las- ter, &c., in rotation with clover. Capt. I . is a sm'dl farme.-, hut as efiedive w.th the wo.-k ..iliiig years used to be the sc.i.e of the anmuil great Derry Fair whose |-,,,n.. resoun.le.l- through the land, taking lh< sin.'e roa.l lo Mnnche.ster which inriis trom the turnpike one mile north, we pass in n narrow and crooke.l ol.l road by a la.-gc valley ihrongl. which the Massab.'sic lake .lischa.-ges lis wati'is into the M.MTimack at M.M)n''s village .n lli.^ lower part of Man.diester. This valley, wli.'ii in I its oii-ina! forest, was covered ini.inly with those toweling white pines, which were the pride ot New Bngland-lhose originals on which the Kinii's hr.md R was wont to l>e placed lor the espe^'cral use of his Majesty's Navy prior lo the revolution thai made us a tV.^e p.iople. Some ot these magnifi.-enl trcs are slill leli. an.l over much of the laiul, alter bi'lug worn ..ut.uh.m- hermen's cultivati.m will, the a..l ot New I'^ng- laiid rum, generallv a ski.miiig pro.-ess, llie sec- ou.l growth of the noble while pme is coming ,ip. One of Ihe best lots, pur.diase.l h-lh.^ Hmi^ Daiii.d Webster in the speculating t.mes ol lb.ib at a high price, has since heen bought up at a lower rate by the Amoskeag company as a re- served capilal, increasing in value, hut no ioi.n- . I daiio.. for a p.-esent divi.len.l, to .supply tiuiber ' when it ca.inot readily he pmchase.l on the river above. We were surprised at the leasihility and value of the land through this whole valley---at the beamy of its natural growing Ire.^s and lo.- ests, at the comiiarative ease with which beauti- ful tarnung fields , night, as they nu.len.ably soon will be, made lo yield in abiin.lanci-. . Of Manchester itself we iiee.l only say-that it is .indcgoi.ig .-apid and surprising involutions. When it chamied its name Iroin l>eriy->W about 1 thirty-five yeaVs ago, it was regardcl as the poor- I est town in old Hillsbo.-ough-its best timber de- iilHled, left its forests of so little value that to own •,„„l he laxe.l tor ihem woul.l u.ake the owne.- poor.* The Mammoth road laid out through it Line twenty years ago ihrew the town uimn the county as a pauper to pay for its construci.on.- After the roa.l was ma.le, a village centra .i. Man- chester ii-ew up of which ..nr ol.l Irien.l he late Sam.iel Jackso.,, F,.-q., was many years the soul an.l life. Second perhaps only to one grandson ol- oldJolm Stark, the late Sherift audJn.lge in Hillsborough, Mr. Jackson woul.l have been the first man of the town. Whhin the lastfive yeais „„.., have taken up their beds and walked auay from this new village, whose business has flo^.n nearer lo the .-iver along with them. Here a city, at this time la.-ger in population than any other of the State, has grown up in six years wlios.. taxable valuation is said lobe ab.n.t seventeen ,nillionsof dollars! The g.-owth and prospects of this place have given an i.npeius W prope.-l: , an.l to the value of terra firma, and lo ,i..,ividua enteriaise, that the eount.y a.oun.l may beboM with w.-.ider. It draws as with strong magnet..- powerihe populalio.i from the fi.rming towns which suriou.ulit: melancholy tho.,gh n may be that badly cnltivated farms and .Iwell.ngs in Ihe I. wns a."o,ind a.-e .loserte.l, whose owners ami occupants arc drawn away by the p,o.spect ot more readily getting hold of the m<;ans ol living where mon.'.y is pai.l as fast as service is per- forme.l; yet even ibis should not d.scoiirage _U3 that new oVcunants in .lue lime will hiid their in- terest to .lotl.e best justice to ihedese.'ied larms and habitations. As Manchester grows into the hiprcst l.iwn of New Fnglan.l saving only n.s lueu-opolis, gradually will Ihe contiguous towns withi.l twenTy miles become «vh»l the towns now „re within Ihe same .listance ol Boston. ho arrowing for.-sls wiihi.i ihat dist^.nce nnlo..cl.eil a.-e annnally apprecialing full u-n per cent up-m Ihcir present nominal value : pastures an.l helds let ahii.e will s.«m gi'ow into lorcsts. 1 He euhivalion, l.-ss in com,.ass, wi 1 .-""l"-";'^ ''' vain.- each y.-ar: bea..iilul orchar.ls iii the ,. a. t of lh.)se cm. .h.wn«ill gn.w up, ihe Irml ot whi.-h will ho converte.l to a diftereiit but more profiuiblo purpos.- : a.id the child.e.. now l,^■o who will ,<'-e Ihe hills of l-.-.-sent rmigl. asp((^t as well as the valh-ys of stenluy and nake, - ness, leemin- will, such luxm-iance as may glad- den the hearts of all such as delight in the pros- perily of our native land. "^^0 mnn wlmse nulio,. it was then to alter ll.e namq .,v pe Uion t.. .lie Lcg,»i«tu.e, «ho h.mse 1 "- "<;;« ' v-^ (KIO To lli.!ir c.ilW|iris«, winch l..i>. rep.'i' " f "™» ly ,nl;"pccu »..d proepctily of lias great town. ^J[c ^fhrmci's iilontl)li) Visitor. 159 Oui- (lesiie 10 sec iiuw iieigliboilioods led us oil leaviiif,' M;iiicliest<;|- lo i-oiiie lioiiie by a vvu}' of uliosu existence as direct we liadahvajs lieeii i^'iioiaiit, litit « liici) we Ibiiiul deciWcdIy tiie easi- est i-oad lo travel witli ;i light carriayj and llie same distance of ei;;lileen miles lielueen I\Ian- <-l)e-iei- and C'uneuid. li led us throti'di llie en- tire wi.iti, ,.r i\,il-,. -• I ■ ■", •, ■^" -"■-■■ 'V aiM. ino.e neasti^' alio irniious lineiii|jeiance ^!k.\ '^-wt "".!!',?';?; ''':'?*"'''^^"^'; than ever existed w.,eu eacl, .tee in town sold ii)g in the daik rotteji eggs iuid odier missiles. File, the |)iiiicl|iul olIeiKJer, keeps a cellar nnder Biiuevlield's lanlding, one of those holes into which inin-selliiig has been driven hy niglil teni- |)eraiK-e lectines ami (H-osecttling "t/i.-inperance coitiin(lK-es— inducing u lav worse stale ol' socie- ty ami more heastl^ and rninous ii»teiii|jeraiice eriy (lurt of Dmiharton hy ""Montelone," and thence diagonally throngh the tovMi of How by the liirlh-|ilace of the great partisan otficer of the anc-iem Ranger service in the I'leiirh war ol ]7(iO and snhsequemly tlio Uritsli military Oov- vercior of Mackinaw. Most of the way on the logh and elevated swells anh the afternoon, so that neillier IVlr." Grovcr. nor Mr. Fife, it seems, regard any consequence that mjiv result frotJi shot or other niissiies thrown from ilieir stand upon the premises of their neighbors. The n)a(i who is said to have shot tiie u.\, but who (l.llowed us tie.\t day in the street denying that fact beflne we had cliarsied him, will not pav a ce-nt: we promptly toM him we would not turn about to ask him. It is said that Fife is noi much better, Grover, having leased or consented to the misuse of bis own grouiid, is accountable for the damage from it. If there is any law for giv- ing redress, so aggravated a case will cerlahdv justiiy a resort lo it. We could not have a heart W .go to the suireriiig animal a second time. Somebody, however, soon took him oflto be des- patched by the biitcE.or. The report in the .-street the day of fbis writing is, that the young animal was fat ami lietter beef than is son'ietiines sold from the butcher's cart; but that he was probably hooked by his mate, no bullet having lieeiiToimd m the body ! A subsequent report has come to us that the butcher who slaughtered and dealt out the meat has at length discovered the bullet! It IS matter truly of regret, in speakin^Mhe whole truth, so to i)reient the morals and the practices of this town as worse at this period and growing worse than they had been in any iiirmer tinie of the thirty-six years in which it has been mainly our place of residence. by decent people in this countiy. The tiirkey- shootiiig murdered our young ox. And as mis- lortimes seldom come singly, we have to mention the citastrophc which happened the day after the death of the ox to our must cherished' white turkey, who has escaped guns, stones and clubs in our own compact neighborhood l()r the last four years. This dame linkey bad iHri-|ic;d her first nest for the season on a vacant si-affold of a barn, and came forth with her brood in the nionlh of June. 'J'lu! crate was fixed lor her in the yard adjacent to the garden, around which the young ones could range withoiil damage. Night after night the young ones disappeared: a cat, a skunk, a weasel, or perhaps a mink, came and did the mischief without leaving the trace of a l<;atber. The brood became reduced to two another night wonhl bavi; token till. The mis- in^ss concludeil it best to throw off all shackles and let the contined go free. The old one took to the adjoining orchard amidst tlu' grass: at all times of day her head might be seen; and tit early sundown she was at her place of brooding in the grass. Soon she induced bei- charge to follow her at night, as a place of greater saliJly, into the limbs ol an aged afiple tree. At mowing time, soon after, her .-jecond liest was found in a tuft of thick glass by tin apple tree side ; and the mow- ers laid all around naked. Piesently, upon a nest of ten egg.s, the old one commenced brood- ing them to be hatched. 'I'be two young ones, all the time feeding themselves upon grasshop- pers, insects and worms, spent their days in rambling about near by, iiiid at night came" and lodged one on either side of the sitting mother. Within a stone's throw of the railroad and in plain sight, it was a wonder thiit the old one and its nest escaped so long; but the eggs finally dis- appeared—and the conjecture was, that some one of the reckless apple-slealers who carried thetn away in bags and in baskets as well as in pockets, took the eggs off also, [lerhaps to be batched under some setting hen. Tlie object of the mother turkey was this time defeated; but the wily, persevering fowl, whose care to' prepare for iind bring ' - - We have already dwelt longer upon ihe subject of steer shooting than some would think the case to re.juire. We have not vet done. In cases of necessity from our cbildhood liaveAve often ago- nized over the taking the life of a brute. Wo always take ourselves out of the way, if we can, when the swine, which have movvn up lu'der our daily view, are killed. If b'ea.-ts agonize too i!i losing theij- kind— and v.e bare evidence of this in the melancholy looiiig of the motiier cow— how tenderly sho'uld humanity regard the taking of life in all oases. Since we'commenced this article, the slanubteriug of the steer has pre- sented new facts. Tbo.^e inleresled in sboolins the stand was the loss of the o,v ; and bo rejoined ihr'n d'uc.f^il"wirh:M "''^'" "■''?"''■ ^^1 "P°" °"'- '"^ "'-^'-'^ ""^'""« '" ^-^^ tbe'tna.e'sie^ then .^,.id lb,.t nil w bo had been u[.on the ground to another flock of o.ven, cows and cosset sheeu were trespassers, and were lable; that our apple near our residence; birt 'every effi^^^Vu^dive him ":":1 ''^''.^"'^': '"'^'^'^'^ ^'y ''"^'l-'^^f '"'^'"-l^ i" " ^'way was ineffecnad. N.xt m<"niniz^.ne^' ,X men yoked the larger oxen, took them up to the week ; our nut trees beaten and bruised n ith our own fence broken up; and that now our field was cleared of them generally by loafers who came into it on Sunday, b.ut more or less every : tliey are niiscliievous to our granary and fields, anil we vvisli llieni out of the way. They would he Miurli more numerous if some peisons did not understand how lo liait and hook llietn. The white rnhhits did some niisehief to the gar- dens and hy imilerniiiiing hurrows: their num- bers were ke|it down hy Inalingcals who watched and took the little ones in their |)mely innocent stale. Three ducks have lived with us three years, the two last to rear no yomig, and for the only henefit of a few eggs in the laying season — eating out their hodies many times. Our cum- iiion fowls, 100 numerous in the male if not the female line, have heen suffered an existence, when we have felt ourselves really too poor to pinchase iioultry when cheaper beef and our own pork would answer. A cosset wether has lived and sometimes ealeu from our hand the Inst eight years: his annual fleece of seven or eight pomicis has well paid for his keeping: he has heen all the lime fat as such a well-behaved ani- mal deserves to be. Willi him four others are consorted— all of them good, hut none hiseipial. The lime approaches wlien age must part us: in his case, as in that of our faithful, long siiperami- ated dog, Bose, we had almost rather it would be in llie placid departure hy natural easy exliaiis- tion, than the violent death of the knife. [The following beautiful lines are attributed to the pen of the late Judge Slory, and appeared in a Boston paper soon after the capture of the Ches- apeake off Boston in 1813.]— Cor. of IM Visitor. And soon, the bloody conllict 's o'er ; The roaring cannon 's heard no more ; An awful calm sufcoeds tlie fi';ht, And siil'lly (all the shades or niglit. How atill are laid the brave llial lell, The cannon's roar their funeral knell, Their home the. deep, is now their grave j They sink beneath the peacelul wave. His midniiihl walch llie seaman keeps, Where wrapt in death, the hero sleeps, Where in his country's colors" bleeds Brave Lawrence, famed tor o//ier deeds. While now he treads in silenl thought The spot where late, he bravely fought. The tears of sorrow dim his eyes. That DOW ill endless night h« lies. No laurel crown thy brow shall wreathe, ' lio more thy native air shall breathe, A foreign land shall be thy grave; But foreign tears shall weep the brave. If on the deck tliy fcirm extends. Thy soul unconquered high ascends. Thy country claims no mere from thee ; If conquered, yet tliy spirit 's free. The cold grave soon shall hold the form, Tliat oft has braved the r.aging storm ; But fame shall oear to distant climes, And fame shall lell in future tunes, ^ 'J'he bloody conHiclon Ihe sea, ■"■ • The tale that tells of death and thee. The minute guns are heard afar, But bear not now the sound of war j 'J'lie minute stroke the sailor rows, While pity's tear-drop nobly Hows. " Upon the bier, his cnuntry'.s colors laid, Above is placed his faithful blade ; And slowly moves upon the wave 'i'lie barge that bears him to hio grave. INo more is heaiil the victor's cheer ; The brave respect the hallowed bier ; Wo warlike passion lills their breasts \ Hushed in repose the warrior rests. 'Captain Lawrence, when he died, which v^as 48 hours after the action, w.as wrappetl in his colors, and laid on the quarter-deck of the (."hesapeake. will lake the trouble, can have this delicious fruit in plenty without wailing for cherry trees to grow. V^ ANEcnoTE OF Gkorue JII. — When " The iiiaiil of the Oaks" a comedy wiitlen by GJeii. Bur- goyne, first appealed, the King read, and was 1 •nuch pleased wiih it. He enquiriMi of one of 1 lis courtiers "Did Wurgc^ actually write this?" ( )ii being answered ill the affirmative, he added '• J wish he conid figlU, as well as he can write." V. Kor the Fanner's Mondily Visitor. Green (JiiKes. Two seasons since, I gralU'd the Green Gage ini o the roinmun Wheal rium. One of the grai'ts is now larger than the tree in which it was set. Til e grafts grew eight feet or mure, the first sea- son., I have also one graft of the I'.iiglisli clii.'r- ry ; jrowiiig in the coiiimon wild red cherry, and ^loii ig well. 1 ihiiik lliey would do well in the com inon black cherry. If so, any farmer « ho For the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. Set Tansy under Frnit Trees. yome years since, and for several years, our peal trees were tionbled with mildew or by some insect, which caused the fruit to be shrivelled and good tor nothing. I read iu a paper lli.it tansy set out under the trees would prevent the evil. 1 tried the experinienl five years ago, a:id since that time, the |iears (St. Germaine) have been large and fair. I have also had tansy rt.ots placed under all the fruit trees in the garden. In this climate, peache-s and plums are some- limes injured, and the crops entirely cut off hy late frosts. I have lately seen a direction which 1 intend to try. After the first snow falls tread it down aroiinil the iree, and then spread over it straw^which fasten down till the ne.xt snow comes. Ice will form under the straw, which which will keep back Ihe blos.som until the frosts are over. V. Scour your Ploughs Bright. Farmers may be surprised to know that their crops will depend a good deal on the color of ihe |douglis! yet so it is. Bright ploughs are (bund lo produce much better crops than any other. — It may he electricity, or magic for ought we know; we merely state the fact leaving others to account for it. But very much depends upon the manner of doing it, for merely sonhhing it by hand wiih emery or sand is not the thing — it must be sconrcd by the soil. It is found that the subsoil scours it better for wheat, than the top soil — for a plough kept bright by very deep ploughing affords better wheat than a plough brightened hy the surlaco of the soil. It is the same with corn. In respect to this last crop, if you will keep your plough bright as a mirror until the corn is in the milk, you will find that it will have a wonderful effect. 1 appeal to eve- ry good farmer if he ever knew a rusty plough tube accompniiied with a good crop? lion rust on a jilouglishure is poisonous to corn. A young farmer of about twenty years of age said to us the other day: — " If any body wants me, be must come to my corn-field; I live there — I am at it all the time, — I Imve harrowed my corn once, ploughed five times, and gone over it with the hoe once." " Yes," said his old father who seemed .justly quite proud of his son — " keep your ploughs a going if you want to fetch corn. I never let the ground settle on Ihe top ; if it is beaten down hy rain, or begins to look a kind of rusty on the surface, I pitch into it, and keep it as mealy as flour. The fact is our far- mers raise more corn tlian they can tend, they c.in't go over the corn more than once or twice, and that'll never do, and I guess I'll show old Billy R that it's so." .Some ambitious farmers are pleased to " lay hy" the corn very early; but it is not wise; for the grass is always more forward to grow about this season than any other; — and the ground will become very foul where corn is too early laid by, and, wh.it is more to the purpose, a great ileal of llie nourishment of the crop is derived from the ail' and dew convei/ed lo the roots. This can be dune only when the surface is kept llioi'- oiighly open. — Ind. Farm. Gard. Grafting Currants. — The Gardeners' Chron- icle ncommciids lor the pretty appearance pre- sented, as well as for improved flavoi', to graft currants of (liU'crent colors, as ihe red, black and while, vai'ioiisly intermi.xed, (Ui stocks tiimmed up 10 a single stem three or four feel high. The lops may he heailed down to a compact head, or liaincd as rspslicjs in the horizontal or fan meth- od, llie two laller modes of training, by the free exposure lo the sun and air, much iiiiproviug the qiialily of the fruit. The imporlaiice of trim- ming llu! hushes up to single stems to improve ihe liiiit and facilitate clean culture, instead of siilVering two hundreil and liliy suckers lo shoot up all round into a dense brush heap, is very ob- vious to those who have tried both. ;ue not sufficiently juicy, a little water; cover with a thick paste of flour and waler, and put into a brisk oven with your bread. Let them siand till morning. They will have the flavor of baked pears, and can be hud fresh at all seasons. —Am. Air. What Cows cA.\ uo.^The report of the New Vork State Agricultural Society gives the pro- duce of 40 cows, kept by Mr. A. Hull, as 58.") lbs. of cheese and 5 lbs. of butter each, in one sea- son. Tlie whey was fed lo 20 of them. BKIGHTOIV MAHKET— MortDAT, Oct. 27, 1845. Llteporti-d fur the Daily Advertiser & Patriot.] At Market, 3000 Beef CaUle, 1550 Stores, 3800 Sheep, and 1475 Pwiiie. Phices. — Berf Cattle. — The prices .ihtained las! week were not sustained. We quote e.xtra §4 75 j first qualily, .S4 ^ 'ft- S4 50 ; second quality, $4 'it S4 25 ; third quality, g3 Id' 83 S^t. Barrelliii'' CnWt.— Jl ess S3 (S ; -No. 1, S3. Sbtri\i. — Yearlings .«5 fiti $7 ; two year old, §8 fw $15 j three year old, S15 rai <^4. Sheet'. — Sales from gl to $1 88. Swine. — Lots to jieddle, 3 and 3^r fnj Sows, 4 and A\c U>t Bar- rows ; a lot to close Qjc. At retail from 3A to 5c. CONCORD VlHOIiESALK CASH PRICES CURRENT. For West 1:*dia Goods &. Groceries, Flour, Grai.n, F'bo- DUCE, Iron &. Steel, Plaster, Salt, Lime, &c. &c. Corrected weekly for Hill's .\". II. Patriot by GILMORE & C'LAPP, at the Depot Sture, Concord, N. II. Nov. 3, 1845. A NICF. AND WHOLF.SOME SwKRTMEAT FOR FAM- ILY ii.sK. — Pare, or not, as you (dioo.se, a ipianlity of swcci apples, lo fill an uarlheu or stone j.ir; add a lilile sugar or molasses, and if ihe apples ASHES, Pots, 45 Pearls 45 ALUM, 4 Bit I MSTONE, Roll,. .-. 3 .Siil|iliiir 4 CA.MPHl)R. Refiued,.... 75 CANDLES, -Mould, 10 Sperm, 32 COFFER, SI. Domingo, 6 Porto Iticn, 8^ Porto Oabello, 8J Old Government Java,. . . 11 COPPERAS, 9 FISH, Bank, ^nninlal,.. 2,50 Pollock 2,25 Bay 2,75 Old Dun 4,50 No. I Salmon, J?-blil, 14,00 No. 1 Shad, |>-bbl, 12,00 Ton's ^Suunds, ^ bill, (1,00 II.H.FinSjIphbl, 9,00 FI.OUU, Genesee, 6,50 Fancy brand, 7,00 Ohio, Akron 7,00 Spaiililing, e.vtra, 7,00 FRUIT. Figs,.... 14 Raisins, blue mark, 9,00 Black mark 8,50 Box-, bilncii, 2,75 FUSTIOK, Cuba, p- ton, 30,00 Tampico, 22,00 Gruiind, ^ bund 1,75 GLUE, Russian best 17 American, II GKAI.N. Oats, 40 cents \i>- bu Corn, 75 dodobu Rye, 75 do dobu Beans, 75 fi) 1,50 Peas, 50® 75 GRI.NDSTONES, Isl qual- ity, finished, |i*liiind. 2,25 Do. do. untinislied 1 ,50 HERRI.VG,ti> bo.\,No. I, .50 Scaled, 75 I.NDIGO, Benqal,.l,I0«ir,75 Spanish Itiiat,... 1,00 ro) 1,.50 Manilla, 75/5)1,25 IRO.V, Old Sable, 5 English,.. 3: Banks, retlncd, 4A Englisll, sheet,. .'. G Russia, do 12/8)13 Old Sable nail rods, 6:j Noiwtgian ilo (J Common do 4^ English hoop, .5 .\inerican do 4 Shoe Shapes, .\nl 4,^ Swedes, shoe shapes, 43 LEATHER. New Vork Sole Leather, Light, 14 W 16 Do. Heavy 12.1 ra 15 LLME, 'riioinaston, lirsl qualily, I,,')0 Caindcn, do 1,25 LOGWOOD, St. Doinin- gu, ll> ton, 22,00 Cainpcachv 37,00 Goiiinil, ll^ bund 1,75 MACKEREL, No. I, ^ bill 12,50 No. 9 8,00 N,.. 3 6,00 - MOLASSES, Ilnvann, 28 Siirin.am, 28 Trinidad, 30 Pnrin Hico, 33 Siisar llnuse 50 .VAILS. Ittiston Iron Cu's liran.l 41 Old Colony do 4i \\'(-\ inuuth Iron Co 45 Maiden 4 PLASll',11, \f>- ton, 5,.10 Ilo. grioinil, 10,00 PROVISIONS. Pork E.«- trarbur tl> bbl, 16.00 l-'omnion do. 14,00 E.\tra Mess 13,00 Common do 10,00 Butler, p- m, 10/® 14 Cheese, new milch,.... 6/5) 7 P'ourmeal, .4/fi)5 Dried apple, best, SJ/ifS Jjard, northern, ,'..8,J Do. southern, 0 'ruikeys& Chickens, beslj7' Goslins, best, 4^ Round Hogs 4i/&'55 REDWOOD, ground, ^ bund .2,7.'". !Vicaragiia, !f* ton 35,0" RICE, (f^bund. best, 4,.5n ROSIN, p^ bbl ■-•,50 SAL.ratATUS, first qualitv,4 SALT, St. Ubes, f- hhd. 4,0U Cadiz, 4,00 Bonaires, 4,00 Turks Island 4,00 Ifiverpool, 4,0(r Do. line, VVorthingston brand, fi^ bag 2,0U Do. other brands,.. ;...!, 75 SALTPETRE, crude, 8 Do. refined, 9. SEED. Clover, northern,. T35 Do. southern 10 Herds grass, ()> bu 2,00 SHEETINGS, prime V»vd ..74 SHINGLES, first qiialilv, No. I, pine, (I* M ;3,25 do. do. do. spruce 2,00 SHIRTINGS, If* vard, . ...M SHOT, assorted,.: .'.s! SHOVELS, cast steel, (?• do?. 10,00 Steel pointed do 9,00 Iron do. best 8,op Do. cumnioni 6,50 SOAP, Castile, 11 White Soap, best, 8 Brown, No. I, 4 Family 5 Extra, 6 SPICES. Cassia, ill mats, as Do. ground,... ...9:1 Cloves,- ...30- Ginger, pure, . ..' 7 Mace, (I* tb, 1,00 Niilipegs, best, 1,25 Pimento, whole, 12 Do. ground, 14 Pepper, whole 1 I Do. ground, 12 STEEL, Swedes, best 71 Sanderson, Brothers &. Co. cast steel 18 Jessop Sc Son, do 17 German, oest, 131 Do. common, ..10 Coach spring, best, '.i[ SUGARS. Brown Hava- na, very best, lot Do. (lo. prime, 10 Do. do.-fair, 8 Dituble refined East Bos- ton loaf, ' I3A Do. do. crushed, 121 Do. do. powdered, 13 Common loaf, 11 Porto Rico, best 8 Purified -Muscovado do .. .8 TAR, tl> bbl 3,00 TE.\S. Gunpowder, best qualily, \i> lb, 75 linperiai, do 80 Hvson, do 60 Hyson Skin, do .30 Voung Hvson, common, .35 Do. do. Iiiir, 40 Do. do. good 45 Do. do. liest, 55 Toll ACt^o, common keg,. .6 Good do 10 Coniinon box, 8 Good do 12t Honev Dew, ilo. best,.. . . 18 Caveiidlsb, 25 /S 371 'armors l^tsit^r. eiiwfcacg3-.njf ■4i;'^^'-wfcif^'-.jaww-iAA.i«wH^p^ Mw^-uar«M'^ f'^vj^m^vyv^^m^^i .CONl>LCTl5:U DV ISAAC illLL. *'i'HU(«E WHO L/iBOn 171 THE KARTM ARK THE cHOSEN l'CUl>l,E OF GoD, WHJJ3E DHEASTB II U HAS MADfcJ rflS PE'cUttAR DE^OMTl: FOR SUBSTANTIAL Apro OC M;1r}i; VIRTUE." — JfffCT.ton. VOLUME VII. CONCORD, N. H., NOVEMBER 20, 1845. NUMBER 11. THE FARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR, riini.rsHEu bv ISAAC HILL, & SONS, ISSUED O.N THE LAST pAV OF EVERT MOWTII, At Athenian Biiniliirsv- ■ {JrrrGEXKRAj. A(^E>Ts^— It. t'ooR^ Ket-ne, .\ H.,; Thomas K. IlAiUTos, Wsishington City, L>. C; Jvhn AIabsh, VV:iy|i- !n;;tMii .-^i. IJMst .n, .Vtass. i Cuam-cs U'abton, Briuley Row, WorcLSitr. Maos. . * " . ' . TE^MS.— To single subscriber!)/ .Ff^ Cents. 'Ten pr-r cent, ivill bL- nll.iwerl !.) ihp iierwn wlio gimll .srnd m-tn- lllnn iiiu' aiili-^cnbiT. Twelve copies will bi> sent lor tin- ydvance' (KiVMi nt iit" F'ce Do//urd,'tvvt;iity-live topii-s-liir 7V;i Vullursi sixty copies for ToeiUij Dollars. Tlui prtyiiieiil m 'c\.ry ca.->x'to bv inntlf in advaiu-e. Qiiy^Mofi-Jij and .■faliK€riptio)iSy bya regulation of the t'oat Mittttcr Ofui'riU^iiuiyi'iallctiscgOc rcmUtii.by fAc Post Jliu-^ter^ fpcv oj piKstatrr. tXr.\U gentl.-m-n \vbo havo bpretofoTC acted as Airfuts ate ri-qiic-U'.l to cnjiiimie tliuir A^^-ncy. yiU suhscribcrs wlio tf.iiif mnlt.r ilie new itfriiis, will piiaj^c notify u3 oi' ibe^ names altcuily'on our bnoks. ,^DiiiiiiYVisrrQRj COiWORD, K. H., N.Cn E^MBtR 30. 1S46. Generositv Rcwarde'd. "It is brtpkk to givp; thxn to receive." We li;ive Dl'tfii IkiiI (iccusinii to niai.'k the l)ltss- cil f tfei-isot' Wiiiii:iri's c.li.irity. JJi'-lter tiriiii nil' lliK rliiii ilies \vtiicli i.itiiiirt oui' li>(]i,ii;Ml aiifiiiimi urf lliose wiiicli, within . in'iii|iliiirliiii'ivi il of llneir ii;iniriil.|iriiii'ciois, tliu i!ir>i(iule or|jh;iiis cm' ieii^(l eoinliirt Hi llie «ithiw anil the liiilier|i'ss,Mlre sirk mikI ilislii'sstil iiiolliec aiul cliihlri'ii ileserleil liy profli'^acy, or made pour liy iiievilalile mislorniiie. No iiiniiey fraili- eiril and i-.\->eiided -in ehariiy-has done so miieli good as the liiile (•ollei^iions ih.ii have lieeii roii- IrihiiliMl hy, and iiiade tiir the I'Vinale yiiariiy to uhii'h.wi- now allude: thousands have iTeeii jliiher d here liir dislaiit missions, an*l lijr The .■«u|i|ilil>iu'nh,'im, where his old parliier, (-'oh Joseph -.fevve^f,- less Sllcce^^sin^ ill' L'aining the iiniins (if wealih, .still lives. Wifli a younger rireivunl, SAMUEL APl'LETON. At a meeting of ihe Bonjjeia? V'asi, indeed, will be the revolution in commerce, and 1 qually great will be the nvulinion' in the civiriZHiiou ol' Asia! .\ll this may appear to some minds as a dream, but it is a necessity of cmumerce, science and art It will happen, -a* certriiniy n.t the United Sttites conlhiut to s;row. In.aiicieiit Asia and modern A*ia, the internal tiaihf of those continents was curried on by car- avans. Some of thtf largest cilics in .\sia were built up by the ciiriivan trade. The introduction of an inland trade ncioss'tki- coulineul ol .A'uH'ri- cu is the same thing as llierc exibled,t>niy carrier! on that trade by steam. UiMatK'.^gMwaBi ;iand inslinmeni in all the world's I'lilnrc levohitious. — Cinrinwtii Chronicle. To Cure Hams in a Cheap Mannkh. — Lay your luuns in tuhs, if convoiiieiit, ilesh side np ; sprinkle salt on the fleshy part; let ihem ih-am twenly-toiM" honrs ; then ridi ort' the salt, and lay ihein in a larj;e tid). Then [irepare a brine hy (lissolvin;j; one ponnd oi' salt in one yiHon of wilier, and to every six ponnds of salt three and M half ounces of saltpetre. Make a snfficieni ipiajiliiy to cover the hams. IJoil the brine, ta- kinj; off Uie scnni, and while hoilinx-hnt pour il ov+'r Ihe hams. Let iheni lie in tin; hrino six weeks, then lake them out, drain llicm, and smnke I hem. Smokinjr hams is done as follows: Make a smoke wiih corn-cobs, if yon have them — if not, wilh sound hail! wood, wiili damp saw-dnst llnoun over Ihe tire to preCint ii bl.ize. Sus- pend your hams above lliis lit II distaiM-e to re- ceive the most <►(' the smoke. When lliey are a good brown color, which will be in uboul three weeks, they are sniokiH snflicienlly. They slionhl ihen be drii^d. Wlieii dry, sew any kind of coiion cloth over iheiii, and while- wash the oMIside; oi- if yon have plenty of ash- es in a dry place, cover the hams with paper, and limy them in ashes till w allied for use. — This preserves thein from huffs, and it istbohfiht to im|nove their flavor. — EmigranVs Hand-Bouk. Sausaghs. — Proporlion your meat about h.ilf (ill and half b^aii ; cut it fine ; then lo one hun- dred poninls of inejit add two and a quarter pounds of 'sail, ton ounces safie, and ten ounces of pepper made finr. Warm the meat, and mix them ill tlioroii;:hly and stutV ihem, and the thiiif: is done riylit. If any wish to kci;p them tliroiii;h the summer jrood and fi-e:jli, put ihem in a clean lirkin, warm flit ajiil jionr in milil you cover them; cover .nnd set Ihem in the reilar, and they will keep L'ood ihe year round. A Word with Farmers. There is seeming assumption in a nian of one ▼ocalion trying to tell others how to do their own business, and Ibis otien delers people from giving good and needed advice. An cdilor may fairly claim exemplion from this mislaken modesiy ; and wo having spent our early years at work on a farm, and regarded a^'ricnltnre with deep inter- est ever since, claim a s|iecial riiiht to speak [ilainly to the farming community. Bear uiih us then, a few momeitis, farming iiieiuls. Takinga hasty trip lo Saratoga, some weeks since, we were struck wilh Uvo or three as|iecls of the country. One was Ihe severe suffering from dronglii on lln; rich inlei vales of ihe Hud- son river, especially above Troy. There were hundreds of acres of gently sloping land, devo- ted lo garden and tillage, burnt np by drought, as tbougli a tire liad run through il, anil noi y'itdd- iiig over one third of a fair crop. Yet right be- side that parched intervale, ran a nole river, suf- ficicni io drencn Ihe whole daily wilhonl a sen- Bible diniunilion of ils walera; while ihe plain was c.rosseil almost every mile by a stream com- ing down from the hills to swell the rivei's cur- rent. How can it be that the owners of these fertile acres suffer themselves to be divested of half the reward' of their- toil as often as every other \ear, for want of irrigation? How easy il would be for sciejice Or skill to provide fur the thorough moistening of tho*e intervides at pleas- ure, eitlief by damming the streams as they issue fiom the hills, and carrying their waters alons the bases to be ditfnsed over the plain, or by drawing supplies, by means of wiiid-inills or steam, from tile Hudson itself! But noihijig tif th ; sort is done: tlu' earth is left lo |mucIi, and i.s vegel.itieji lo wiilier. The mere loss in tlii' (jiiantily of prodoct, is but an. in-m; the vegeta- bles there cultivated would have connnanded double tlio price if hastened forwaril for early constiniption, while Saratoga and all the inland towns were full of pleasure-seeking travellei;?, that llii:y did when nitimalely fit for the table. — 'I'lnit they would have been liir mure juicy and palateable also, if abundantly supplii'd wilh wa- ter, need not be urged. Irrigution and Dit/t Ploughing. — These must be generally adopted in our country. We blinilly follow our Ibitish ancestors in neglecting the fiirmer, wilhonl rellecliiig that sunshine is almost as rare in Kngland as rain is heie. As to dee|i ploughing, all science, all practice, all anlhoriiv', recommend it, and yet ihree-fourths of our far- mers persist in skinning their land over from five to eight inches deep, or not half what is rcipiired. We saw field alter field of corn which will not \ield len bushels to the acre, (and poor stuff at that,) which might have been put ui) to twenty, by deep ploiiging alone. Of course, one year would not exhiliil all the benefit of this culture, ihougli evtMi the first year, if a dry mie, would show its decided advantage ; but let l.ind have time to get useil to deep ploughing, and it will tell you plainly how il lelishes thai treatment. — And the man who ploughs deep, is pretty apt lo put sooicthiiu! else into the sod as well as iron. He will usually have muck and peat from his swamps, ai d a noble compost heap near his barn. We hear fiirmeis complain, and most truly, ihal they can make nothing by their bti-incss ; and ibis while they are paying Ia.\es, keeping up fen- ces, and perhaps payiii:.' niortgage-inierest on twice as much land as they can cullivale well, and leiiing half of it go from year lo year with- out tillage, and olien growing up to bushes. Now the wonder is, noi thai such larmers do not thrive ^ihe marvi'i is, that ihey manage lo exist. Let any manulliclurer, nirciianic. or nierchanl, do hi> business after this pattern, and he must fail — there is no help for it. IJut must we conclude that bad farming has be- come invpierate among our people? that our far- mers have resolved, though ibey know better, to hold twice as much land as they can till tliorongh- ly, and lorinent it till it ruins them ? We will not. I'Aery farmer wilh whom we converse ad- mits tlie evil — says he and his neighbors run over too much land, cnllivate too slovenly, arc not sutliciently wideawake lo the march of improve- ment, tiiid lay out two much main strength on what could be easier and better done by the aid of skill and science. All are awiuo that they must farm better, or break : for the car of im- provement moves on, and the only choice is to ride on il, or be run ovarii/ it. — jV. Y. Tribune. Southerners, means Ave busliels of shelled corn. — limigranCs Hand- Book, Measuiing Corn. The following rule for ascertaining the quanti- ty of shelled corn in a house or body of any di- mensions, is by Wm. Muiray, Esq., of Sonlli Car- olina, communicated to the Sonliiern .\gricnllii- risl : Rule. — Having pjeviugsly levelled the corn in the liiaisc, so that it will be of equal depth lliroiighonl, ascerl.iin the length, breadth, and depth of the bulk ; multiply these dimensions lo- gcther, and their products by lour, Ihen cut off" one figure from the right of this last product. — This will give yon so many bushels and a di'ci- mtil of a bushel of shelled corn. If it be required to find the (pianiity of eared corn, snbslitute 8 for t, and cut otf one figure as belbre. Example. — In a bulk of corn in the car,. meas- uring 1"2 li-et long, 11 feet broad, and Gleet deep, there will be . 310 bushels and eight tenths of a bushel of shelled corn, or G.33 bushels and six- tenlhs of ear corn, as — 12 12 11 11 The best cure for hard times i.s, to cheat the doctor by being temperate, ihe lawyer by keep- ing out of debt, the demagogue by voting for honest men, and poverty by being industrions : {ly'eAY THE piii.NTKR, if yon wish to prosper anil be happy. — Snlomon Young. [The idiovc contains a whole volume of wis- dom, and proves the author worthy of his christ- ian title. How it would rejoice lis to see many — yea, mnni/ of our dear patrcns, adojAing as one iif their habits, the advice given in (Ac closing clause .' So mote it be.] 132 6 792" 4 132 6 792 . 8 aie,8Rhelkd. 0:33,6 in ear. The decimal 4 is used when the" object is to find tlie quanlity in shelled corn, because it is half of the decimal 8, and it requires Uvo bush- els of ear corn to make one of shelled corn. In u~iii^ these rule~i, half a bushel maybe added t'or every hundred: that amount of eiii's results from the substitution of the decimals. The term "iflrr«i o/" corn,", go much need by Fish, Flesh, Fowl axd VEOETAiiLiis. — Ii is ii singular fact that fatal diseases are, at the present moment, prevalent amongst members of all Ihe above named irilies in Europe, ('althi have long been afHicted with a dislcniper which has de- siroyed numbers: grouse have died in hnndreda of some malady, which has been variously de- scribed ; and ihe tnitrrain among ihe poatoes has destroyed the crops over a great portion of Europe. It is now stated that a plague of some description has broken out amongst the fish in the rivers, numbers of pike, eels, and other fish being found dead, or dying on the surfai^e of the water.— .V. Y. Mirror. CULTUKE OK I'oTATOIiS. — S. Widiiev, Piqiia, O., informs ns that he successfully cultivates po- tatoes on the following plan : Plant in bills, and when the potatoes are about an inch out of the ground, take alight plough and rtm it so close to them as to cover them lightly with earth. When they get through this an inch or so, cross plough tbeni, covering upas before. This mode is sta- ted to be equal lo the best hoeing, beside being a great saving of lalior. Mr. W. states that he has pracliced this mode for several years, and has never lost a hill, or had theiii at all injured by covering. — Jllb. Cult. The Potato Crop. [The following remarks from the London Gar- dener's Chronicle, are by its editor. Prof Li.nd- LEI.j One word more concerning the Potato disease. It is observed by some of our correspondents that the water in which this year's potatoes are boiled, has an offensive odor, and advice is given how to proceed in such cases. We, too, must ofier a word of counsel. All potatoes which retiiier offensive the water in which they are boiled, are beginning to decay. The disease is present, although it may not be visible; and we doubt vvhelher any precautions can prevent their putrifying after a few weeks. — Such potatoes should not be stored, but consum- ed immeiliately ; and those only put away for the winter in wliicli no such symptoms are discove- rable. A few samples can easily be boiled for the purpose of ascertaining the condition of the crop. It is the custom in many parts of the country, and especially vvilh small fields or patches of po- tatoes, to collect them, as soon as dug up, into a heap ill the centre of the field, wliei" a space has previously been partially dug out to receive them ; and when the whole is thus collected to- gether, they are covered over with earth pressed smooth with the spade on the side.s. We cannot ton strongly urge on all, the importance of drying the potatoes as much as possible beltire storing Ihem for the winter, and of sorting out all that appear in anyway diseased. Considering tho inlectioiis nature of the potato rot, and the rapid- ity with which it sometimes spreads, the time and trouble consumed in doing this, will be well bestowed if it enables us to save a portion of the crop. The custom of storing the potatoes in the same field in which they have grown, is decidedly ob- jectionable, being very likely lo develop rot in them, in all cases where the rot has manifested itself, even though but to a slight extent ; it is far belter to store the sound potatoes in a separate piece of ground. If ibis cannot be done, the risk of danger may be probably diminished by lining the sides and bolloin of the place dug to receive them, wilh new-burnt charcoal, to a de|illi of 3 or 4 inches; it is, however, betler by far not lo ■tore them in the field where they grew. 164 iJI)c farmer's iHontl)lij bisitor. From Ihi- Snulln m (.'nllivaliir. The Noilh-M est. Michigan, Wipcon^ii), luuii, nixl llie wtiole le- {zion tlitieul.oiits, would stem to he a very jiaio- dise for <; ruin- j,'io«(M>'. The extreirie ferlililv ol the soil, the elioriiioiis ( rO|is it produceg, t)ie sinall oiitliiy of lahor iiceessury to . ninko aiicl gather a crop — the lii;;h priro it eomriiulidti when taken to tnarket, the .-ahihrity of tlie rlitii:ile, ev- ery thinf,' seems to contpire to make ilie North- west a most desirable region to iliose who can endure ils cohh The Rncint .'lih'crtlsemaye: "Two fanners froin Jaciiesville in Kock Coun- ty, wiiose farms adjoiii, last fall conjoinlly liad 200 acres of prairie hroken and sown in wJKtat^ — the work heinif perliirlnei! hy two young men, vvitli leu yokes of oxen, and two hoys to drive a few weeks. Tliese "00 ai days, with an extra ex|')i;nse of fifty cents an acre for hinding and stacking. 'J'fie wheat turny" looking only iri two directions,^ fields' of stainiing com, the probable yield pf which is esiimated.it Dae mitiinn.J've hiinUreiHUou- srnul hiishels. Beyt this who can.!" '•"■.' i;.\traordlnaiy as is the fei-tility of the soil in that region,' ,>t)d liirge'as the Crops are that grow on it, I irger croi's are gatbeii'd eliji^where from- soil made fertile by the hand ol'the htish.andiuau. .'J'he h'.ieq)Q- to tin- oi-nKnil luml, hycoui- iiiniiic- lini! the little I have gained by e'xperience to iiiy lelliiw -dirmers.. .As i di-card all cheitircal tiirmiila — the t.iiik, watering-carl, anil other el celenis, from my s\s tcjn, and atlacli the lerliji/iiig inj;ie.cliially, hilt none sii cheaplv, I ihiiik by this (ilan it will be ohvious to every one th;il a great iiiany ilesiderata are at once ohiained. In the first place you geft'iee of about ?5|3 parts oi|l of everji' 1000 of the weight .-ui'l -ludk of manure, by tlig exptdsion of w'jiter ;— w bile at the.same tiine you liifk all liie fCrlilizing |)ropcities coniained in it to one of the most handy vehicles^-light, clean- ly, and' portable, and (le.sscssed of the iiLciiliiir pro|ierly of liohliiig toi^ether. the most volatile substances, till L'r.ai'hia1l.v CiJIed forth hy the e.\i- f;encis of the growing plants. .Ijasl'y, Jou ^et free of' the iiasiy lank, and iIh h.oiislnad aud jhe watering-cart, v ilb all its append.iges, aid aie i,o' more hotlieri'd ' w ilh oveiflowing tairk or over-. fernieniing liiiiiid, w ilh wea'liei'-imsiiiit-d fur its- apjilica'lioii. You have merely to shovel past the .satii-iaicd charcoal, and shovel in a lill-le fresh .sl'nftj a-nil ihe process goes - on again Ui!ts, not loi> d. -01111111 i-.oiniiy, gome silii^iltil liigli, t'Oiiie loiv, iiihI iis iiii|t-|M'ii'il- eiil of eiicli olIiiT as possilili; ; ci.cli sii|i|ilieil uiili sweet, slioii, ;iii(l :^ofi sliaw, anil a suiall iie.sl-r'<;ilv» iiini. roii- !iMi|iii"iill\ l.iv^.U v;;ii< liy noi Inio^ i|lik: Jo ;;.'i 10 tlit-ni sii'l'ilu 'I'liix llii n (Ml iin; liro^-ii t>';f, iM nil i;in's rjii-ni lln; lialiil ol' iloin:i so ai oilirr. tiinrs. Tlii^y. .slioold roost wiirm at iu;ilil, ll>e perclit's liiyli rroinlliH :;ionns lelice to roost lieloro ll.i; son i,'oes down. Sliiit- ter.s to tin; ;;lazed windows are uiinei'essaiy, ex- ce|i( lor lietter secnriiy, or to prevent lowls le.iv- iiifl l.lieir roosrs ti>a eiu ly in tlie inoniiu^, in dis- tiirl) licklisli iifii^'lfbors, oilierwise tlie^j nonie onl almost as soon as ilay-liuht In^L-iiis to a|)|iear. — Tlie feeding [ilaees, il' niiiler cover, so niiicli the lielier, as a |irecaiilion (or wet v. eallier, and as (iir as possilile removed Iroin tin; nests, lliat tlie Ik'Iis wliicli liappen to lie layinj" at the time, or wliieli may lie sillinjf, may not lie tUsliirlied and einiced oil' llieir nest and e;.'irs at improper liinec. BhIii!; evidenily natives of' a warm cDnnlry, lliey are scarcely yet iierlecily aecliiiialed 10 our vari- able and colder reirinns; altlioiijli sa wiilely dit- fjised.li-om lime iiiKtiemorial. over tlievviiole face of tl:e uloli:;, tliey. have retailied a peculiar siis- ceptiliiliiy of damp and cliillnes,s, most of tiieir. iliscases arjsiiij; from rlieiim, or catarrh— calcli- in;> colds. 'J'lie Inn^'slnr lowls ure particularly • lender;' the finer llie species, the less is il hardy. Cleanliness. — Fowls lieiiig cleanly by nature, llnive wlien reunLuly allendeil, but de^encrale and sicken if neuilecleil. In an arliliciai stale of e.\i.-lcnce, liiey retpiiie to be supplied by art with wbal In iiainre lliiry would tibi.iiufor lliem.se'lves. For Ibis purpose they sbonid have a re<;nlar sup- ply, in so.nie convenient part of tjie shed, of sift- ed einilers daily to loll in and cleaikse Ibem.selves, and wbic.ji sbonid be often changed. This pre- caniion will keep ibeui entiiejy free trom vermili of any de.-H'ription. ■ Grkkn Fuon. — This heineu vej;iHables. Cabb,'i:>e .iiid lettuce are the l>esl — Inrm^i-tops and watcr-ciess- cs — but ou^ no account any sonr plants, which scour them as do .spiiina.'h, the ciitlin'.'s from fiiiiss plals, and most sons of garden seeds, n.s their iiistinri does es animals that happen to siray into a clover tield, or ha^ipen to receive too lurfje a ipiantily in:o their slables. I have known lliem to bnrsl. Green fonil with fowls, is an astrin^eiil, the very .reverse of wbal. vpfjelables are w-illi us. This liicl will not appear so surprising, when il is recol- lecied that one takes them raw, unit the oilier cookeil. A pleiuiful supply of clean water, in ilaily well- cleansed ve.ssi l.s, and whohisome food are neces- sary. Frerpient clianges and mi,\tures of corn iinprnve the aipeiite. IJirley is decidedly Iheir staph: I. mil ill this country ; Indi.in corn, orsoine- rim-.s rice, iiiixiMl, lor a change. Oals occasion- ally, but in loo l:u;;e (jualilily are apt 10 >coiir.— l be allowed toiemaiii till cold. Bonks copy- ing' i-rrois I'riiin one anolber, make a greal mis- take ill a(lvi>iiiir (iiod to be sjiveii hot. Ii is nn- naliiral— iIm^v have no good cooks amougst them in their own .-l.ile; and it is ilecidediv injurious to their digestive organs, exireiii ivlien f.itieniii;.', when they are dooineil .-oon to be killed for the tab!.'. Feed twice a d.iy at least, or ibiec linns if not loo fattening; moriiin^' early, before Ibe usual bonr for layiiii'-, if possible ; at noon, the iniontiile meal m.iy be the potatoes, as above di- rected, and belbre sunset — not later than four o'clock — that they may go to roost by daylight, or Ibey will go wilbont their food. Kegularily great- Iv tends 10 health, and disturbance of any sort is v'eiy bnrlfnl. Kii-e occasionally boil««lin a (doth, greailv increases iis bulk, and ibey are very foiiil of il. Iteanmnr says. Ibiit great ecoiioiny is de- rived from slei pliii; or boiling the barley, to in- i:iea,s.e its hulk, when they will be satisfied with O'le-lhiid less qianlily. But I caiinoi speak of Ibis lio.n in.v o.Mi exp'rience, nor can I .say that beiieli.M.il .-ft'-cis are produced by givm_' Ihem inncli H -b, r.iw or boiled. Ibil fal, as advis.il in book?^, .produces seiiij. ings ; spiced or sail meats, and kiicben sliitl's, are ceriainly penurious to their stomachs. In faiteiiiiii.' liir the table, w ben Ibey are not requireil to live Jong, or show fine te.iiber. Ibis may not be of any coiisenuence. — Will some of your practical correspondents en- lighten ns y Tbey.rei|niiv in pens, or small yards ill i.invns, to be well supplied with grit, sand, and ,sinall gravel ; sl.iked lime, and old mortar pomnl- ed, is Vi:;ry beneficial, and serviceable in assisting to make the pen or yard dry. I will add to the above, ili.it there is no economy in keeping' poul- try in towns, 111 small (piautilies. which isi always exceedingly expensive, if well li)i\ and taken care of; which, however, is conipetisaftld for, to those who wish to make ceriain that tbe eggs arc ipiite li-esli and iicvly laid. All calciilatious-of expense must be erroneous, ibere being so many contin- gent expenses. A.s a source of trade, much de- pends iipni\. rearing the best breeds, to be early 111 the se.i-on, laying in a stock and store at pro- per times, having a ready sale- for produce, and to •' buy cheap, and sell dear." For the F.irnier':j .Monllily Visitor. More than 121 S Bushels of tarrots to the Acre I Ala. Editor : — When you was at onreslablish- nicnl, a few days ago, to look at the sw ine that obl.'iiH-'d two prenniinis at the late F.iir in Bos- caweii. yon meiitloneil several instances of large crops oi' carrots raised the present .season, and you spoke ofonrsas looking well. This induces me to send yoii this statemenl of our success^ We had jnst a qn.nior of an acre sowed, on n piece of groiuiil, a part of which twoyears ago last spring was covered with laurel and white TiiriMies. The soil is a light loam on a sandy siib- slralum. Il was plougbe^l deep and highly ma- nnreil anil dressed over with leached ashes. The .seeds were sown in drills one liiot apart, with a seed sower cojistrucled by one of our [lalientsf and, when lbi> weeds were hoed out. it was de- siuHfd to leave the carrots standing about four inches apart in ilie drill.-. Tbe carrots gaibcred from this qnurter of an acre measured 1104.^ biisliel.s. besides what had been gathered previously for (;ooking. Most of the carrots were Ion-;, smooth and large'. 'J'lie heaviest weighed 3', lbs. This is at the rate of twelve bniidred eii;!ileen and a li.df bushels to tbe acre. WliMlcro|( is there more profitable ? The six or eight palienis who assisted tbe farmer in ilig- -iugthem, were highly deli:;liiei) wiili such a large relnrn for their summer's labor. Very respecilmlv, «F,0. CHANDLF.R. N. H. Asvlnm for the Insane, ) Concoid, Nov. 7lli, 1845^ ^ monlh.s. They are considered by till lovers of ; good eating a great luxury whether fresh or salt- j ed. I am often presented with them by my frienils al ibe Xorth, biil never have received one weigh- 1 ing more ilinii lilleen and sixteen pounds. I be- i lieve lliey are unknown in F.iiiope, .\sia and Af- ' ric.'i,iiiid are oiiIn liiiiud in om- mhIiIc chain ofhikes ' Hloosecioiuiaiiantee to iMicbin.ui, Superior anil I Wiiiiiepeck: bow much liuilier to the iiOrlb 1« know not." - I T»E ?.i.isciiLUNJi. — A valued correspondent of the Visitor fin- iioilli in the United Slates, who ill his time has been an angler umoug the eiiemics of bis coniilvv as' well as on the clear and iiide- pi'iiHent waters of the NoVlb, writes us in.rela- jiion to.ibe splendid lisli recently sent Iroin L.ike Meinpbreniii'io:;, w-eighin« niiieleen and a half pounds, and c.-ilh-il Mnsog Lunge, as follows: — "There is a fish similar to the one vou have e tbllowing scrap, fror.i the Address of the President, [Marshall P. Wililer, Esq., a native of New Hampshire,] affords iiiiicii salistaclion and enconragement, and woiihl be almost startling, were it not for the extraoidinary progress we make to every department of industrial science : " Sixteen years ago this day, its first exhibition was held in the Exchange CoHee House in this city, and as an illustration of the great success anil prosperity that has attended the eftbrts of its member.s, I quote from the published Report of the Society. " Tbe nnmber of contributors on^thut occasion was thirlv-lwo. "The baskets and dishes of Fruits less than one hnndred, ami the amount of premiums of- fereil less than §200. " During the present anniversary, there have been placed on our tables more than fourteen hundred dishes of Frnils, and tbe premimiis of- fered by ihe So(-iety this year exceed $i:JOO. "And as u further illustration. 1 notice by this Report, that tbe contribution of Robert iManniiig, ihe great P.imologist of America, consisted of lint one basket of peaches, while al the present exhibition, tbe liimily of that lamented man have sent ns 240 varieiies'of the pear. And in a note that 1 received from" him but a short time pre- vious to his decease, be slated that be had gath- ered into his own collection, from a point of lime but a few years anteceileht to the fiirmalion of this institution, nearly 2,000 varieties of fruits. "Similar advances have been made by other members, and those whose names were not then borne on its roll, and some who had not even commenced the good work, are now among its large.st contribulois, presenting forty, fifty, and a 166 ^\)c jTavmcc's iHontl)li} bioitor. liiiiulreH varieiie^; and the same tiuttess iiiid corres|ioii(liiig increMsf^ lias lifeii ulteiiilaiit on the prodtictioiis of the florni and vegetable king doiii. '• Ainoni: the pleasinir incidents of the prepenl year, tnay he ndlicfd ihe corn|ilclion and orcii- pancy ol' our uew edifice in School Street; hut who woulil liiive pii-diclcd ihiil, crc the present Exiiihiliou had closed, tliere would still exist n demand lor furtiier anr potato crops, (or peas, rye, oats aiifl oiher articles liable to be aflected by rust and blight? I^rtim the Ge(iC3*^e I-'armer. Wheat Culture. John Kvans, Esq., of Mill Creek township. Western Pi.-mi.-ijlvania, has harvested, according to the Erie (Gazette, on three acres ol' land '• so poor a few years ago tlinl it woitlc/ not bear ichlte tcojii,"" 123 bushels of wheat, which weighed G."» lbs. per bushel. Al 60 lbs. [icr hiisliel, the \ ield is a fraction over 44 bushels per acre. 'Phis land has been brought up by deep ploimh- ing, leached ashes and clover sod, with a pleiiiv of clover on it, turned in and mixed with the soil. Within the last three weeks we have been called to notice several instances, where the use of iin- kached uahcs, .scattered as a top dressing at the rate of 20 bushels per acre, at the time of seed- inir, has evidently increased the croj) some leu or twelve bushels per acre. .\ny tpianlilv from 2000 to 4000 lbs. of dry, bard wood aslies,'Hpread eveidy on an acre just sown in wheal, can do no harm, and will baldly fail of being of great ser- vice to the crop. The alkalies ;)o^/sA and soiln; and the alkaline earths lime and nio/^iicsm, are ex- tremely prone lo be washed, or lcacbeiis ciiiiNideriilile iiud^ea. • * * "Tlie evil liciiij; liiiccil to iis .<(iiirci', llii^ ciilli- Viilor riiiist (lin-rtall his iillt'iitiou to llic (le?lnic,- liiirj ol' iIk! liiiijjus, or iiiusliiooin, for it it> ijiil'or- tiiiiali.'ly l)iit tiio true that all ilu; piirasiti's ol' tliis (jeiuis oiicf iiilKiiliiced iiiiii u coiiiiirv, reiiiain (lieii; ami |)ro|>ai;ate. This yiar, the t;|iiil«iiiii^ has hc'rii iiciicral ; ihfi };('riii rxisis uvorv where ; Inilliniis ii|ioii iiiillioiis kI' ftrojia^itlcs, il' their niiiii- licjs aii; not (l this jeai', will, next year, he altaoUiiif; the plants, and then il will hu inori; dltlii'idt to eradii-ati; the scoiirjre. " It is esscMiial to adiij)! the H>llowiM^ |irecaii- lions: " WhiMi th(! leaves are derideilly spoilt, cut down the vines rorlliwiili and hujil tlieiri oji llie spilt, insteail ol' lakinj; ihern away. " VVlieii eertain varieties or certiiiii loralilies are Tree lioin ihi; sconrf-e at ihe time of the har- vest, it is always piiideiit to harn the leaves. Tor a field may apfiear seeine from the liotrydis, whim it is not so ; sineral leaves are altaek'*(l ; tliL-se leave? throw the propai'ules on to the tiihereides, whieh, if pieserved fur pmposes of reprodneti(jn, will spieail the plafioe the liillovvinir year. '■ 11' the tiihereides (potalo('s) themselves are atiaeked, it is.essenli.d lo separate as speedily as iiray l)e, the liibereides that an- tainted from those that are not. Turn the sound one's toarconnt as soon as possihie, for they are not noxions so loji^' as the rind does not lieeome yellow. Tiie dis- easeil ones should he hurnt. " As it i.-' prohahle that the !uherc-ules pre- served f >!' seed will he ird'een-d uilh the spawn of the tniislnoom, it would he advis.dile for cul- tivators who e.in, to prooure luhereules for rejiro- duction from places where tlie pre.-ipnt seoiirf'e IS mdoiown. ' "ill case (d' iisin;; for reproduction ilie itiher- ctdes of ciops visited Ijy the plajjue this year, it will he necessary lo sulmiit them, previous to plautini;, to the aiiency of lime as il is practiced with wheat, ami all plants that iire lialile to in- vasion hy parasilical hollies. The process ought lo he by the imineisioii of the tiihercnles in lime- water. 25 Uilo^'rainmes (50 pounds) of lime, a • piarler of a poimd of sulphate of co|iper, and 3 l\ilo;;rammes (G pounds) of marine salt, I'm- 25 litres (fpiarts) ot' water, consliHite a prejiaratioii, the utility of which in the destruclioii of parasife vej;elation, has heen e,vperieijced liy a great niim- l;er of well informed culiivators. " In the plantations of the spring of I84G, it is esseiiiial to plant potatoes in fields as far as |ios- (iihle removed from ihosi; actually infected ihis year, to avoiil the danfrer from the retention in the soil ot the spawn of the l'un;;iis. » * » "The use of lime and marine salt, with a sli'.dit mixuire of sulphate of copper, is, as I have alredy said, oi' acknowledged etiicacy in ihi^ de- siriii'tioii of parasite fierins. Consequenily, to powder nver wild such a mixture, a soil in vihich tliseased po:atoes have yrown, is a ;iood opt-r: - lion for destroyiiij; in thai land the {jeriiis ol' the scomire. 'I'he operation ought lo be slronj;ly re- commended every where. " The sloi inj! of potatoes from fiehls that have been this ye»r attacked hy the scouifie, in cidlars, eaves, &e., w ill certainly be to deposit the spawn of the innshrooin in those very places. They should, therid'ore, before receivin;; the pf»latoes, be ihoroui^hly cleaned, and scoured with lime, or i;roimd charcoal, scattered over the bottom, [and on the pniatoe.inls in feeding ani- mals. If given irregularly, ihe aiiiiiial indeed consumes his food, but he soon acquires a rest- less disposition, is distmbed at every ap|)earance of his feeder, and is never in that quiet slate so necessary lo the takiiiii on of flit. It is surprising how readily any animal acquires habits of reyii- larily in feeding, and how soon the infiiienee of this is felt in the improvement of hisconstilution. When at the regular hour the pig has bad its pudding, or the shee)) iis turnips, ihey compose themselves to rest, w ith the consoioiisiiess that llieir digestion is not to be unseasonably disturb- ed, or their ([iiiel broken by unwanted invitation to eat. All creatures fatten much faster in the dark ihaii in the light; a fact only to be acconnled (ijr by llieir great quiet. Some ol those crealiires iliat are the ninst irritable and impatient of re- straint while fi'eding, such as turkeys and geese, are found to take on fat rapidly when coiiiined in dark rooms and fed at .stated boms by liand. There is no surer proof that a pig is doing well, than to see him eat his meals qnieily and then re- tire to his bed, to sleep or cognate imlil the hour of feeding retiii ns! Frost in Valleys. — It is familiar to many ihat night liosts under a clear sky, are ino?t se- vere in slieltired valley.--, and lightest on exposed hills, where the difference in altitude is not so great as much lo affect the temperature from the natural decrease which always takes place as we ascend from the surface of llie earth. The ten- dency of the cold air to sink into hollows, or to become cooled more rapidly by radialion, with- out the counteracruig iufjinnce whiidi air in mo- lion always exerts, was finely exhibiled by the severe host which occurred at the comnivnce- inent of the present siimmer. A number of thrif- ty young hickories, about fifty leet high, .•^tood in a de|iression which was about twenty feet deep. The young shoots had grown a li;w inches, and being fresh and succulent, were very easily touch- eif by frost, .■\ceordiiigly, after that cold night, about one half llie young leaves on the tree, oc- cupying the lower half, were completely killed and hail turned black ; while the upper part Iai;azine, where the lliermometer situated in a vallev, sunk liming a I'rosty night, down to 27 de- grees, while on a neigliboring hill, only (jO feet bi'.dier, there was no frost whatever, tlie ther- mometer scari-ely sinking to 'S'2 de|^ree.«. Such liicis may remind those who are about selling nut tender fruit trees, as peaches, necta- rines, and aiiricots, that exposed hills, if not great- ly elevated, are much heller than warm valleys, where the frost is not only more intense, but the increased temperature in summer lends to pro- mote a more rapid and succulent growlh, which is less capable of wiihslaiiding the severity of winter. — JS/'eaPs Gazelle. China and the Chinese. The following excellent abstract of a lecture on this subject is taken from the Newburyport Herald : "The introductory lecture Ijefore the lyceum, on Friday evening, by Hon. Caleb Cushing, was of .111 exceedingly interesting cimracter, well worth the price of a ticket for the whole course of fectiires, to every liearcr. Mr. C. has a niiicli better opinion of the intelligence and capacity of the Chinese, than those who have had no op- porlunily of interi-ourse with that people have been wont to entertain. A large class of llie people are learned ; as a nation they are indus- trious and ingenious lieyond others, the whole country is like u bee-hive. Learning has the fir«t place in the public estimation, and books are lui- uieroiis as in Kiirope. A catalofrue which Mr. dishing had in his possession of a single libinry, oecMipies ten vihimes. Public measures are de- bated by tlie populace ns much as in the United Slates, and public opinion iras as much influence in China on ihe government as with us. The fa- tal error of the Chinese lias been in giving loo epicurean a cliaracier lo their habits and their governnieiit. One illustration of this cited, was the fact that at the close of all lellers lo one uli- T. 7 44 W. 8 i T. 9 F. 10 S. 11 B. 12 M. 13 .54|66| S. ■ .3IU6S - — .51159 N..W. .69 r,2 N. VV. .68 .'i:i — .79|i;«|s. VV. ,91 .-19 ,89i62 61 59 .54 63 63 61 .80 60 94' 56 ,90i60 .85 56 .80 61 .70 611 .60 62 .05 61 .69,62 64 ! 62 73 I 52 56 T. 14 34 31. 60 29. 40 E. N.W. I S, 10 stratus. W. 8 rirro and cumiiln-stratns. — Oclear. . W. llrirrn-slratiis, — 6 (tensie fog. — 3 tirpus. — 10 hazy. ^- 10 flirru-slratus, — 10 light rain. 10 .\. E. s. s. .66,60 S. E. ,50|62 S. E. S. W.15 T. 16 F. 1 S. IS S. 19 M.20 48 >25 43 ' 92 50 >25 46 >32 64 ).44 '44 T. 21 36 '33 W.22'|6 39 T. 23 16 '56 1 30. F. 24 19 29 54 S. 2Sl24 46 22 .54 41I73 5S|65 ,80 61 ,01 '.50 ,88 56 .80 52 .80 54 .01 42 47 N. VV. N. VV. VV. J 1 2 a 0 1 I's. 3,S. 4 2 N. 3 N. 0 r- 3 0 3 0 1 0 — 2 -itrattis. — 9i cirrus. — 10|Cirro-ftratus. — 5 rirrn-plralus. S. 10 light rain. — 10 rirro-slratns. — 10,cirro-slrafu8. E. X E. 11 S. I VV. VV. I W. ! 30. S. 26 M. 27 29 T. 28 32 67 W.29 37 66 T;30 52 60 41 46 F. 31 .\. W. .53 N. VV. 47 '.\. W. 97 44 N. VV. 13 33 — ,07 41 08 33 ,00 41 80 36 .80 47 .75 57 1 .71 51 .64 60 N. .49 54' .61 (iOlN. .87 51 .82 .50|S. VV. VV. w. •s. cirro-stralug. ilrizzlitig. riffii-stralus. slrntiis. ciiniiilo-stratus. fiiBey. citrus. cirrus. cirro-stratus. clear. dear, i (it-nse fog — hard frost. 1 rl.'or. 0 fogey— liaril frost. — 0 hazv. — 0 r.irrus. — 10 rJrn)'Sttatiis. w H cirro-stratus. N.VV. 10 rirro stratus. N.W. lO'cirrn-Ptralus. N. VV 6|Stratii?. — 0 riear. f» clear. — 0 dense fog. . O'tlear. - 0 fogt'V. O'linzy. 0 fng and frost. 0 sjimky. — Ojdensc fog and frnsi. — 0 very ^nicikv. — OJcicHse fng. very siuoky. 0 0 t«»Rpy. smoky. — \ cirrus. N. W 0 .9 BiTidky. cirro-eitratus. N. W . 1 cirro- stratus. • — 10 cirro r^trattis. — 1(1 rirro-slralu*?. fmun. Tlie surface of the soil is fiilrd 10 suit Ihe hn-alitv, aii wjiy is ilnee or four limes higher than ihal oh- taiiie is that a'li- iMPiiicrd in |g;i|, |,^ Mr. Linz, and which is now coiifirmtd hy I'roles-or Biickland: Thai is. Hie most violeiil poisons have no eflect upon it — a fact which lejHiers it of pectdiar vjihie in ihc foi- esls, where il appiars to deslroj a j; lea I niiiidier of noxious reptiles. Mr. I,ei z ",.iys he liad once in his house a female hedsehog, which he kl-pl in a Uirge liox, and w 111(^11 siiun liec.-, me very mild and lamiliar. ile ollen )>nl into ihe hox" Mnoe adders, which >ho .ilNicked wilh great avidiry, seizing them hy lie- Imdy, ilie In.ad, or ihc lairs, and did nol appear alarmed or eiidiarrassi;d when ihey coiled ihemselvcs around herliody. Neilh- er herscdf nor llie \oniig she was snckliii!.' seem- ed lo siifler lidm llie liiies of i'he Venonions rep- tiles.. Palles jilso assures ns that l1ie hedgehog can ent ahoiil oik; hundred caniharides wiihoiit experiencing any of the efli-cis which thai insect lakeli inwar(TTy pp-oduces on men, dogs or cals. A German physician who had iiiiide the hedge- hog a peculiar sindy, yrive it a strong' dosi! of priL^sic acid, of tirsenic, of opium, and of cor- rosive siihlniiale, none of which did iluiiy harm. The hedgehog in ils n.vliir.il stale, only ti-.ds 011 pears, apples, and oilier finit, wlieiiit call get nnihin!; il likes heiicr. lis ordniaiy food cmi- sists of worms, sings, snails and adders. Growth of Woon. — It has Iteeii ascertained that wood increases in tin? following proportion : The tiisl year as 1, the .•■econd as 4, the third as 9, the liiiirih as 1.5, the tilth as 22, the sixth as30, tlie seventh as 40, Ihe eiglnh as 54, the ninth as 70, and the teiilli as :-e (d' each hour (hdpped down or pla\ed npon a .set of liclls iinderiiealli, and sounded llie end (d' the hour; il had also twelve tigiiies of lior>eiiien, which were made to tiiuve out and in airain w hen ihe twelve hours were rompleted. This iiuiinion, however, was nol iiniialed in Rurope till long allerwards, unless hy one or nvo arlisls. whose ingenuity was not enough lo recoiemend it. It was not commonly known lill the lime of ihe (•rnsades, when ihe Christians of ^Vl■sIeru En- rope seem lo have leariii it wilh oilier mallie- malical inveniions, from ihe Saiiicen.s. .Allied li.id found a descripiion of an instiiiiiient for measuring lime in Uiielliiu.s, which appe.-ns to have sii^'gcsted to him an iiuprovcmenl. He cau.seil some wax candles to he made, which at lliis lime were coiiniicndy used in churches and at private houses of Hie rich, of such "size and ihickness as lo hnrii each exactly four hours; and hy marks set upon them he 1 ould al any lime tell lion Ijil- the hoius were gone. These were enclosed in a horn case, thai lliey might he secure from the effect of diiinghls of air, and that the light mighl he less oft'cnsive lo ihe eye hj day than ifihe\ stood niihin glass or uiiiiuj'r- ded ; and llie keepers of' his chajad were insirnc- ted to walcli llwm, and at cerlain limes l acre, ahoiii 400 hiishels ol cranherries in n sea- son 1 III' plains iheni, in drilU, 20 inches aparl ; in hills. 7 iiichc.-'. The soil must he such .111 one as (Ices nol hake. Clidinnnn. — I took from swamps on (icn. John- son's place, some cranhcrry pl.jiiis, and pl.'uiled iliem on ground t^O or 100 het aliove ihe swamp ; they thrived, and ilieir friiil was so close logelher Ihal one could hardly piil :i linger in wiihont loiichiiig the cianheri ie.-i. Il is a higlihi pidtini- lile crop. I am luill iliH J-iZiMifiln'^c i-rmili"! rir>', ■ IKI lit iiiipT. ii.!iMii.i. f5.,\cir. 'f'ho,--c .■\liil.itiMl lit-jr uomM mil llic Eiiyiisli ill, (I <-(iiiiii,,.|ilMl innrKcis, jiikI Hdiild l.ir Mi'il 111 imy rxii'iii. C/in}imav.— \ |.l(iiitci| n.iu,- in |i,|,iii_v soil — pir- 1..-M«-il III.' ,ai-ili w.'ll iiliiHii ili,. iliiurfi— "iii.-nil lli.Mti Hill_mi.| iliil „lii'il. .Mr. Il'iiktmnii.— My liiiiiilv luive tried Mi-. Biites' cnii'l.u; I irs, 1111(111, iiiiilil,,,,,; fXCflleiit. Tlif\ are larjrei- ili.-m mliii- cninl.i.n irs. Dr. Unilvrhill. — 'I'll.' craiilipri-y piobalily irti- jii-nves ill all lespecls hy llie liaiiif,'i- li-cm Miaisli to ii|ilanil. Willi grapes Icvo alluvial ivft pi.si- liiiiifj, lint iheir flavor is not to lie roiiipaieil wiili tlioso <;rovvinn in t\t\ soils. Tin; wild ^^rape lias a lliii'U skill, liaril pulp, l.n-fre sccmIk. By ciilKiie ill dry siliialions, ilie ski id seeds Iierouie one liairiess tliick and largo, and ilie pulj. almost dis- appenrs. AnIiMals. — It is imqiinstjaiiiililv trne lliat dn- nieslir animals may lie well lodged, and well fed, Jiiid yet liennconif'ortalile. WliejecleafilinBss is not M-iiardcd, even llioiii;li tlierH should he irood sJieds, sialls anil food, tlio condiiion of the ; it with his feet. Fruin Colemmi's European Agriculliire. Fruits and Vegetables ia Ungland. Kiiiiliinil may with reason hoasi ol the tiiieness of her fruits, especially as, in this mailer, she has to contend wi.h the adverse influences of teiii- peraiiire and climate. 'J'he conntrv ahomids-in ^reen-honses, liot-lnnises, conservatories and torcinjr.heils. Ail the appliances of art, and the liii;liest moaniire of horticiiltmal skill, are exert- ed to counteract the nnfivorahle circumstances miller which their cnliivatiun is carried on. The hot lionse or <;reeii-lioiise prodiiciions of Enjilaiid, (such as pine-apples and "rapes,) are not surpassed hy any wlncli ( have ever lasterl. The orapes are maiinificent in size and delicious in tai^te. J cannot s.iy that there are no native grapes, and none irrowing in the open air: lint I do not recollect iiieeliii<; with any. It .ieems to .me to lie the hmnidiiy of the climate of England, rather jliaii ius low lemperatme, wliicli prevents ihe rijieniij^i of many thiits and plants, which are ^'rown to perfeciion in an equally liiuh i.iti- tnde on the vvesiern continent. It reinaiiis to he seen what will he ihe result of (hat remarkahle system ot\diaina;L'e, which is here prosecuted in ilifll'ient (uirls ol the country with I'reat spirit, and which hidslliir to lircomc general, if not uni- versal, lissanalary effects upon the hiiinan, as well as xlie brute aniinnl, are sai^l to he alread\, III some j>!acps, delerinineil. The sijiajler Irnits— siicli as .straw lieirii's rasp hen ies,';oo.sel)aiTies and cinraiit,_are cull ivaleil with tireyt soccers. Ota kind of strawheriies, ciilled the .\lpine Pine, and more piopeilv the Ellon Piiie, the size is niosl leiiiarkaide, ten of them, as I saw in the iiKirket of niinijcp, where they are cultivated in perfei-iion, a/-lii,dly uei-h- inj.' a p/)iind avordiipois. J .saw oihers as laii;e,il the hoiiii-iilinral cxiiihitioiis, called In- a ditfeienl name; hiii tho.se were forced in pots in ^Meeii- hoilses. Of phinis there are se\ eral kinds ; damsons an- common ; the Orleans pimn, the large Egg plum, resemhling what Ixhinkis calluil "wiiirns, Bol- inar's Washington, are the most esteemed"; lint they are not ahmidaiit, and I cannot say that those which I have seen are equal to those seen in the hest markets of the United States, and especially, of all other places, at Alli:iiiy, in New Vork! wliere this linit is foiinil in a de'^jreeuf perfei-tinn nnd abundance which I have seen no w here else. (^;hViii of the rich, even upon many articles ol pine hixury, are a great public benefit. Ceiiainly, no inimoral iniiiilgence is ever to be justified or ex- i-nseil. 1 do not say that it is tlie-jiest appropria- tion of tlie niimey: that point 1 shall not now disc ss: bill ceriainly the person who gives his two guineas lijr his dozen of peaches, encourages iiiiliisiry, rewards liuriiculinral skill, stimiilales iniproyeineiit, excites a uholesome competition, and would surely lie doing mn|iiNf.' lliiii, w hill" lliey III p ir|if)siii;.' ii|i(>ii tlieir j.iiiiels, ;i \ntjiiir iiiid miil^ilioiis riviil, in II tjiii- ami ^'tencruiis (•(jipi|M'tiii(iii, itjav lie up Willi tlioiii as snoii as piissililf, and ilislaiici> llieiii if lie oaii. 15m cliinaies and siinsliint! arc not iiiidci- liiiniaii coiitidl: and llie I'l.ct whii-li I Imvc slati'd, is in in.v mind cslalilishod, and not llit; re- fiidt of inei-c |)rfjndicc, of wliirli, on any sni'ji'ft, if I were ronscions of it, I should Ik: asliaiui'd. Anrcdote of Old Ironsidks. — Tlie most liiilhaiit naval action of tin* laft war iindoMl'iedly was lliat of the old Ainciican fii.L'ate ('onslilu- tion, 44, conniiandi'd liy C'oniniodore Sluwarl, when she caplnrid iliulwo liriiish I'oryiiics, Cy- nne and Levant, <>f irreatly siiperioi' force, oadi of them hpiii'.' eipnl to ih*: oldliishioiied '-ii ;;nii frigates. The liaiidlinj.' of the Anierican liiirale was Ihronyhoiit scieiilifii- and iiiiexceplionalile. Bv no iiiaiKrnveriMi; could either o( the liiilish vessels iilitain a position lo rake the fjonstilniion. 8liili Iheir around as they would, Old Ironsides Wiis hetween lliein, lilaziiii: auay n|M)ii liolh v<'S- ricjs at the same lime. During the whole action, Stewart, inslead of rnoniiiiu;,' the horse-hloclv, sat in a njoie o.vposed silnalioii iistride of the hain- inock nellini;s, tiie belter to nliserve the tnaiicpii- verinu' of his anlau'oni.sl. The Cyane was the first to strike to l$roiher .lonalhan — not an iiiin- sn.-d thinir xvilh liriiish vessels dnriliu' ihat war. The first Lienienanl came in haste li> ihe Ccnii- inodoie to announce liie lad. " The starhoaril ship lias struck, sir," said the officer. " 1 know ii. sir," replied ilie Coininodori' ; '' ihc hatlle is jo-t half won." " Shall lorilerllie hand to strike lip Yankee Doodle, sir '" impiii'ed ilie lienleiiaiit. Here the conimodoie took a hn;;e pinch of snnli; and then answiied i]iiiikly, "Had we not heller whip the othi'r lirsl. sir .-" ■'.■\y, :jy, sir," replied i;;e lientenanl, taUiiei the hint, and went lo his rpiarler,-'. Ilia short li'ne aflerwards the Levant hiwered the e, OSS of Old rCii^lalid to the stars and stri|ies, and the liaiile was ended. The lieu- tenant feelini.' soineHhal relinked at his preiiia- liire exnliaiioii upon the surrender of the first ves.sel, was rather shy of approaehiiii,' his coiil- niander aijain : lini Slewart, hecUoniiifi lo him, said with a smile — '• DinVI i/oii Ihivk (he hnml hid heller strike lip Yankee Dooillt now, sir?-" In an inslant that spiril-stirrinu siraiii u as floating; in the breeds pla\inL'as nooihcr than a Yanke Ininl can play it, and the (.'allaiit ci forili their cheers of victor), as no olln-r ll Y^•lllkf!e crew can slnint. ritories of the United States to extend north and south from their extreme northern points, iVoiii tirt lo ,54 north, inclndiiif; Oregon, Ti^vas. and a lar^'e poriioii of Canada, and stretch he- tween parallel lines from ocean to ocean, they would not etpial in size the empire of Chiia. — Great ;is 1 liavi: descrihed the physical dinieti^ions nt' China, this vast ciicnmlerenee is impeiietra- hle to foici^'iiers. And at - placed on a large wheel, jliicli revolves in a vat of tanning liquor, so that each skin is snhmerged and lificd oiil again U\ii-e c, minute, nndergoiii;: consianl Ii ic;ioii. hi this way, e.'ilf skins .are compli'lely tanned in i'.r.aiid sole leather in twei)li/-ove dius. Lealhcr so inadi! was exhiliited. which iluonl.l he hard lo find tliiilt with, A small streani ol' waler v\iil inrn liie wheel; no aiii-nd.iiice is needed; a lniie(iji)t losing liv shrink. i;;e .is in ihe old w;iy) produces more h'aiher ihaii li\ the old process. Iro.n Husi.nf.ss If Warehaw. — The last Sand- wich (.Miserver contains an interesting stateinenl of the amoiinl of iron manufacfnred in Waie- li im. Ii 'eenis that there are Ibiir l.irge iron inaiinfaciorie-i now in operation, and Ihat a fifth is s to he esi.ihlished. These four factories iire e.ip>il)le of maniilKetining about 20,000 loos a year of scrap iron into various iirlicles. This at $.50 a ton will ainomil to no less than §11,400,- 000 per aminni. They eoiisnme uhont 10,000 tons of coal ; and give employment to about 475 haiid.s. Besides these eslahlishinents for working iron, iliere is a fnr'iace in opeialion lor castiii;; hollow ware, and other arilch's, which tnins out yearly about (JOO tons of e.isiiiiL'S, valued at §15,- 000. " There a-e about 150 na>l tools at «ork, ew s*lioiiied InrniiiL' onl animallv 4,000 Ions of nails, worth ■ !S;il>0,000. 'I'his is certainly a very good story for a small nnvn on the Ca|)e, with a population, in 1837, of onlv about JOOO souls. Next lo Hnssia, whose vast domains oceypy the v\liole norlhi'rn circmnfereni c ol' the earth, ill one almost enlire circle, China is the l.ir;;esl empire of the >v(irld. It exiends lioiii ihi- IHih to the 5'2il parallel of iiorlli laiiinde, thirty-four degrees, ll reaches frcnii the. 14:id to the 70th meridian of longiinde from Greenuich, 73 de- grees, lis biniail.nies seem prescribed by lialnre alone. On ihe norlh, ihe great monnlain ranges of Altai and the (i ihloiinoi separate it li'oni rtilie- rin, along a line of three llionsainl miles; the Pa- cific uasliiM i's e,•l^Ierll coast for more than l«o tlioii^nad miles. The slniieiidoiis Ilininieluya, the I'lindno coa^t and ilie Behiii moiliil.iiiis con- line it on the •■ a. lb and west, ami divide it (roiii India and .Mll'l.anislan, and it slrciibes towards fill' Aral and (,"a,-ipi.iii seas an nniiscei laiiied ex- tent, occnpyin:; lln; limits slali"d. The (.'liinese empire coveis the \v hole i-enlri- of .Asia. It is not wiili reference lo thnt eoiitiiienl, an inappro- j piiate designalion which the Chinese give liiem- selve.'i, of the '• ( 'iiiir.-il Flowiny Nalioii." The superficial exleiil of China is more ihaii five mill , ions of sipiere miles. To liirni an idea of « hat , a surface lliiH is, let us consider that were the ter- for costly overcoats, I!iiLi;s FOR Sin.F.CTi.NG Neat Cattle. — The following paragraphs taken from the Farmer's and Grazier's Compleie (Jiiide, an FiighHi «ork, coiilains so nmch good .sense in so tiiw words willi respect lo the seleelion of neat callle that we lake pleasure in connneiiiling them to our readers: " :Mnci) has bei'ii wiiitenas to uliat breeds are best ; and a eonsiiler ihly grealer stress has been laid on this part of ihe qiieslion lliaii is warrant- ed by any posiiive resnll. There are good and had of all hri'i'ds; anil provided yon .select sound and lieahhy animals (roni a good stock, you will, if yiin treat theiii propei ly, have liille to cafe for, and less to fear. Always purchase callh} luiit li.ive h"eii fed on land of :i.s poer a <]iialily a.s.-joiir own. It r.irely happens that callle purchased Iron; rich lands thrive well on poor soils ; but, au the contrary, those from poorer fiirnis do widl on good land. The choice of iient cattle, itier^ fore, for the stock- iua of f.uiiis, nnisl in a great degree, bo regula- ted by ihe n.ilnre and ipi.-ility of the soil intend- eil to l(-ed tlii'ln on. ll is also esseniial Ihat the cattle should be young, as well as betiithy and of a soiiint con will soon cry lor liiod and shelier from the haiiils of iheir m.isier.s, and will conic like Noah's dove lo their Wdiited stalhs. Receive them kind- ly, good tanners, and forgive tfieir vagaries. — Feed ami protect them if you wcnihl have them prolilahle servants ; they will repay your kind- iie.ss. Dmiiig the first weeks of winter llie refiise apples ihat li.ive heen stored ill heaps should bo ilealt (Mit to milch cows, calves and horses; and round tmiiips intended for callle, will never tell lip belle r than in D-cember. Calves will con- tinue lo grow throngh the winter it yon 'treat lliein well. The best of rovven is not snfiicieiit for ;liein, and meal miis! be given with caiilion. Tliiv an: commonly costive, and their bowels niiisl be kept more tipeii than they can he on hay. Kouis will lie; ibe ariicle afnr jour apples are gone. .Anil il\ou have been prudent \on have laid np roots enough to give them a taste every day till April. llor.ses loo need root,*. Too mnrli grain gives them Ihe goiil. High livlni; injures iheir limbs and lenders their gait slifl' as an alderman's. — When their labor is not very severe, carrots will servi' in.slead of an excess of grain. Ripe ap- ples will prevent cosliveness. Clover bay, ton, is betier than any lor this pin pose; and oats are less injurious than any kind of ;;r:iiii. Is it worth i/our while In chop np hiiy ? May of the lie.-l ipialiiy will not he much ini- piovi ll by el (ippin:.'. Hnl a great proporiion of slock hay is not all eaten when fed out uncut. — Haj of poor quality will he relished when a lit- tle meal is mixed wiili it under the hay cutter. — .Anoiher advantage in favor of I'liitiiig is, you give a mixed feed, and yon give- it inoi-t. This fills ihe milk pail and is better for all horses than entirely dry food. Heavy horses, particu- larly, work better on sucji feed than dry hay or gr:iin. It may not be cnnvenient to cm hay for cows. Hnl as Ibey will give milk ihroiiuh lire moiiiii iIhv mnsi not be put oil' willi the p. mrest fodder ill i!ie first of winter. Husks make more and heller milk than any kind of hay ; therefore hiisk~ should be fed mil in the liire[)arl of llie iviiiier season. The poorest h.-iy should be giv- en in ini.l winter — in the coble;-! weather, when the appetite is good and when hut hllle milk is expected. I inly young callle will get along through on almost any feed if yon keep the I'old vrinds off and Ilivc a tight roof. Bin if yon would have Ihem grow in the w inter season jo" inu.sl keep ihi' bowels open. I'ti.ir h;i\ or straw will not do ii. Gelling Wood far the SensOH. The fore partol the winter is be.st for cutting and Jiaiiling wood. Snows are schloni deep in December, and trees may be cut clost-r than in Febiuary. Co many farms wbeils answir as well as runners lo li:;ul wood, and more will be accoiiiplisbed when the groHiid is Ixire iban when ihe snow is dei'p. The ;u" — " Niincy'jj i-lo;il( is (|i)ilc loo thin Ibi' such ii (iiiv ;i!^ this; it will he colder" — " One diiy can- not innke liiit lillle didcicnce when noihiin; hut Uiiiiiii' is lo he done," tlvrc., &'c. Well, ']'i)ininy lost his place liy losing ii iltiy, he \v;is pill lo the liiiit and nas iliseoiiia;;ed. — iSIII had a lictuie iVoin the nKi>nT lor not liriiiy- iiii; a ceililieate iVoin Ids parenl. He poiiU'd two er iliree days and hated the leachei- I'oi ever after. Aiiny and Niiney whispered half ihe Ibrenooii and Hondered «liy llie masier need to care « hellieiihey attended or not. The whole class was diiaiii;ed and eoiilil not reeile lit the re;;iilar hour. The teacher lost his patience as well .-is lliei;o(iixly iji cli;iri;e ;is when he lias Iml twenty; tind llitil inirs must he more strictly ohserved in a pnhlie school than ilia priv.-ite family. Whisper- ing and liinjiliing and pl;iying are not criminal al lunne; hni in schools tliey are crimes that call for piiuisliinetu. spot, and to die iidi^:Liti nts of a crowded Euicpeaii Stiite, the very thought of a jewel niinu to he raiisiiek- ed iit pleiisiirc — r^iuniond.s lo he hiid for the fetitiing — is a tcmptalion likely, we should think, to attract r.d- veiitiirers, even if the I'piia tree stood in the way. Fravd on the Poor. — It is said that n great pait of Ihe barrels of flour sold in Massachusi tts are deli- ciout in weiirht. Some of llieni full short twentv pounds or more. \ gentleman, apparently well in- formed ill the matter, has calrulali'il from fii'ts that have come lo his knowledge, that a eca-tain flourinj; es- talilishmeiit saves at least .'i-:3,6l)0 a year in this way. .Ahiny others, there is reason to believe save in propor- tion. The loss fills priiici[iallv on the consiiiin'r.— Those who buy large quanlities, on speculation, verv naturally as"ert;dn the weight, and if delieient, insist on ;i correspoiifliiig reduction in price ; but the poor man, who buys a single barrel for liis own consumplioii. as naturally takes it wilhout sus[)i{ion asof full weight. it iiiav be as well for alt who use tloiir to stand for llifir righls. W h>-n they pay the pri'-e of a liarrel of flour, they h ive a right lo ISKi pounds nf Jlour and Ibe barrel besides, whi» h will weigh ii(;arl\ or quite twen- ty lbs. — Boston Traveller. liENGTH OF THE MiLE. — I saw Ih vour paper a fi'W evenings since a very useful table, showius the lelifflli (tf the iiiodern mile as used at the present time in various c07 22,762,152 Buckwheat, 7,291,743 9,483, 4S0 Indian Corn, 377,531,875 441,829,246 1843. 1844. Wheat, 100,310,856 K.':,607,000 Barley, 3,230.721 3,627,000 Oats,' " 14^.929,666 172,247,000 Kye, 24,289,281 26,450,000 Buckwheat, 7,959,410 9,071,000 Indian Corn, 404,618,305 424,953,(.(iO The wheat crop of the I'nited States for this year, is estimated al 12.'), 000. 000 of bushels. The wheal crop of 1842, which was the largest ever previou.sly raised in this country, was 103,000,000, shows not le-is the large additional amount of land brought un- der cultivation than the genial char.;cler of the la.st summer. 'Ihe cro{) of i\Tichigan is companitively larger than Ihat of any cilher Slate in the Inion. \Vith a popu- lation not over 100,000, she raises this year at least 7,000,000 bushels of wheat. The amount of Indian corn raised, seems a matter of wonderment. The half starved operatives of Europe may well look at those returns with glistening eyes, for it al'ords twenty-two bushels of corn alone for every man, woman and child in this country. Indian corn will rarely bear exporta- tion, and therefore but little is carried abroad. It is nearly all consumed at home. Our cattle enjov ; n abundance of ihal food whi-h would he deemed a lux- ury in Europe. Such is the proiitic fertility of our soil and the exlent of production under the ro'mpetitimi of freemen. Egypt was once called the granary of the world, but .America in iho exti'iit of its wheat productions as well as the superiority of its quality, will thiow into the shade even the fihles of i lerodolus. — Harrisljur^li (Pff.) I'niun. Thf. Iron Trade. — From a recently published statement of the export of British iron from the I'nited Kingdom for ihr last 10 years, it .appears ihal whereas in 1835 till' quanlity of bars sllip)icd was !!4,38 1 Ions, in 1844 it had aiiiountcd lo 230,935 Ions. V\ ith the single exception c\' 1839, the progress of trade in this article shows an increase. 'I he year 1843 and i844 are the most remarkable iu con p risen, die qt.aiitilv exported in the former pciiod licii g i';(i,:49 tons, and in the latter pt-rind 230.9;i5 tuns. i he exports oi' jti'^ iron in 1835 amounted to SS.O'iS Ions, , nd in 1844 lo 99,960 tons. 'I he gross exports (including all des rip- lions of the metal) aniounled to 472, 0i3 tons in 1844, against 218,608 tons in 1835; and the whole of the years shows a progressive increase. 'J ho additional demand om-asioncd hy the ridlway novemint h,;s established high and lirm [irinos for iion, , nd the pres- ent position of busini'ss induces the belief ticil tho market is now, to say the least of it, in :i wholesonio condition. Destructjun of (>riibs. Insects, &c. Much inlerest has been excited relalive to the c fiicacy of salt as a preventivo of the curcuJ'.o. The ainhor's [Downing on Fruit and Finit Tn es] experience is given in llie '.idlow iiig slaleinenis: "Insects, tlu^ larvxe or ginbs id' which liMibor ill the ground diirini; a eel l;iiii season, as the cm- ciilio or plum weevil, are all more oi le.ss affect- ed by the application of ciiminoii salt .as a top dressing. t)ii a larger scale — in liiriii crops — the ravages of \\w cut-worm are frcqiienlly pre- venled by sowing tliiee bushels oi' s.ilt lo the acre, and we have s*-! n il ap|ilieii to nil kiiirfs id' fruit grounds with eipial siieces.*. Salt seem.s to be strongly disagreeable to nearly all this cl.iss of in.secis, and the grubs perlsir even where a small iiiiniitiiy bus for two or three seasons been a|i|ilied Id tiie soil. Ilia neigbborhooil w lit re ihe peach worm nsnally i!cslio\s half ilie peach trees, and wlii'n? whole crops of the piiiiii are equally a vicliin to the plum v, et vil, v\ e havoscen ihe (iirmer preserved in the bealibiesl <-oiidiiioi!, by an animal applieniinn id' a si, all handliil :!. "Common salt we liave I'onnd one of Ihe best fHrliliyis of ihe piniii Iri'e. Il not only greatly promoies ils heallli and luxu- riance, but lioiii the dislike which most iii.tecls have 10 ibis siibsnnice, il n'rives a>\:iy or destroys most of ihosi: lo which ihe pdiiin is liable. The most su"eesshil pinin gn>wer in our neighbor- hood, applies, with the best resnils, li.dl' a peck of coarse salt to tlie snrlace (d' the ground under each beariiiii tree, 'fmnnally, abimt the first of April." (p. 2(;0.) Those who have tried salt ihe present se.-ison. in llo' vwslern pail of ihe Slate, speak of its elR-cts as ver\ di cldedly heneficiul ill saving ilTp plum crop. On the subject of rejiiiHn;; insects hj odors, the folinwing rcmaiks (d'Mr. Downing will doiduless be very nselid to m.an, : "In the winged siaie, most small insects nmy be either driven away by powe,-|i;l odors, or kilh d by sti( ng deceeliolis of tobacco, or a wash of diluted whale oil or oil.er strong soup. Alleiilioii lias but recently III en enlled to llie repugnance of all insects, to slni.g odors, and there is but lillle doubt that belnre a long time, it will lead to the di.--covery of the mi ans of pre\ tilling ihe at- tacks of most insects by means of slrong-sniell- iiig liipiiils or odoroiis siil-.sianci-.e. The moths that attack furs, as every one kiiow.«, are driven avvav bv pepper-eorns or tobacco, and sbmilil fiilnre experiineiils prove tbnl at certain seasons, when our trei-s :ire nio.«t likely lo he attacked hy inseels, we may expel them by haiigin;;- hollies or raL's filled willi siroiig-smtirmg liquids in our Irei s. il will ceriaiidy be a very simple and e.isy way of 1 idding oiiiselve.s of i!ii in. The blown scale, a troiildesome enemy ol the orange tree, it 72 iTe.l ir, the Gardener's~ Chronicle, l.as I.eoi. dt- I vorh.f; ils pn.i..'.!?-ui-.n. stroved liV Iwin^iii^' |;lan.sof ll,(; totMiiinii cluwiio t.iile among ils biaiiclies The odnr ol the r.ml tar of gas works is .xnrdin^'l.v otr.iisive to r^omcj insects iiijurious to fruhs, and it has hef n looml to drive away the wire worm, and olljer ^.'iiihs that attack tlie roots of plants. The vapor .il oil of toriientine is fatal to wa!»ps,Hiid that ol toba.v . o smoke to the irreen flv." (p. 54.) " Mollis and other innerts iclikh f;/ itt ivghl. are destroyed in larfje nnnd.ers In the l.llowinf: mode, first discovered hy Victor A.Ionni, ol France. A flat sancer or vess.l is placed on the vronnd, in which is placed ;i hilht, p.'ntially cov- ered with a common hell -lass_ htsmcared with oil All ihe small inolhs are directly altracied hV th,- liuhl, flv touards il, and in their al'empts to t'ct at the l<-hl, are i-iiher c;ni!;ht hy the filol- t,i(»i; llie liiaiiches .of trees, and ill various parts of ihe •.•ardeii. le a forini;;hi tliev will he (i)Uird liillofdead insects, of e\erv ilescriini'iii imt too lai'L'e to enli-r the hollies— wasps, tiles, lieetles, slii;;s, grilhs, and a yr'eat variety of i.tliers. The hollies iniist now he eiiiplieil^and ihe liipiid rejieweil.. A zealous amaienr of onr accpiaiiitaiice caiiiiht last season in this wav, more Ihnn three bushels of insects ol varibtis k'iiKl.;; and what is i|iore saiisliic-lory. preservi'd his jrarden.alniost entirely against their Hltucks in mw sliape." ghc^tumcrj iKontl;h} IMjta^^ .^__-=^ -4 a* f. I voniiL'ils ni-op.-.j.'-iiion. . Km nmil soiiie-thing looie' (or monllii; bm il inii.ti h.- c n-/lm.. »• ," i """' v?^ tikl'li j-Uliall have lie.n aetiiAliy prove has not this vear hemi as miicti injured in this country liV vv hat is called »q7, as it w.is hi eithei; \liichdonot really exc.d in diainet.-r th- ou.■ hnndredlh part of a niillimeire, nr the 803,- 7tl0 part of an incli. I', rliaps it will be said that Ibis IS a small all'air lo make such ravage,*, but I would ask is ihe ileli a disea.-e less to be feared, because llie animals prodnciiiL! it exist only in a micro^copii- slaie ? '•Immediately lollov\ iii2 the foirnatioli of the vellovv s|Kil, anil ihe developements of the hulni- dis upon the polalo leal, the stem be^itis to feel ihe deleterious influence. Mere ami There ^be epidermis begins to turn lirowii, and finally black; and when the phases of lhe<)isease are carefnlly watched, ihrongh the microscope, it will be rea- dily [lerceived iliat il is in ihe barkthe tiital uerni exiits. The mnrbid ageiii comiuneic.iles its- ac- tion fi-om the bark lo ihi; inner epidorims, and allhoii^h ihis taller does not always slmw the liiiigns'ilsidf vet it is iiol tJie less fatally atf.'Cted, 'I'oUio^e who have aiiv iilea of vegetable physi- oloL'v, these efli-cls are easily eiiongh. explained. The's.ip, niiidilieil into living juices into vegeta- ble blood, is Ibr d in the leaf, and descends to the stem and rools, through the bark. Here this sap, or blood, if we phrase, becomes diseased, and carries tile poiioii of ihe leaf ihrongb the til.'res of the whole pliiiil, and die -stalk perishes. In liine, fOioon as the black siiols appear upon tlic stalks, the leaves drv op -and willier, tii'e (ilanl droops, dies and taJlilo the earlli, to dtssennnale a milliini told, -the poisonous cankcj." d iwi is I'or riion....', "-. . . • Y'. down bv means of iv cover, ai.d .1 '-u-w lieav- V stone. Tin! pickle must lie walcii.-d, anil win any scum liepins lo rise, inp meat iniisi ■ e take^ out and the liipior lebmied, am'. >cmmiied an cooled a.< hefine; at tin- s.i.iie lime li. df a |ioU'i moiH salt iiiiist be ,id.i..l; l"ll no r.iw s.di is 1" he applieil at any li'ie-. I'h" oi' at is 1.1 be if^' tinned when the picKli- is (jiiile coM, i» iV-alii-r ten or twelve li iii^.. Tnni;.ies wilt r.i|iii.e a nionlh, a nionth at hasl, ami are improved tiy the ^^, aild.lion of an omi.e of b.i)s:dt added 10 ihf^ fSi« above. One clove of garlic, half an oi.ii.e of |il(i« alUpii-e, and as mncli whole pepper. Iioihd in '" " with the ingredients, much improves .ii."—.'l/An/i'> CuHiviitor. BUttll a pi «H'i fb'ia The Harvesit iu Europe. The subject iif llie cowiparative prodncliveiiesB | of ihe late baivi^st on the Continejil »\' Europe, Ik s been one of much importance. A lale arli- j-le in the Aiiusbnii;li G-aZ, He gives the following ^talements on ibis snbj<.cl,. which seems to tie deserving aiiention. VS e have not observed that ttieailiiTe has appeared in ihe London papers. We have therefore taken ihe trouble of traiislat- ilig il for onr columns. — Bos/on Dutlij .Idv. " Accnrdiiii; 10 the ciislom we have adopteil, we shall divnle the acconnls of the results ol the last hu vest inio tw.o- parts, one (d' which w ill jembr.iee the east, the other the west of Europe. For s.'4eial \ears llieie have been thieaienings of s.eiibly ill liie east; it began at HrsI iiiKnssia, exiended'lo P..l.md and Frn,s~ia, and seenic d to nive indicalions Ibis year of spreading over the east of Germany. "Experience has generally proveii that it) norlherii latilndes rainy seasons ^eiid'ally are more nidrnitrol than dry mics. This lad has recenilv been again confiiioed. It w.is dampn.^ss wliich diminished the harvesl in Rns- sia a few years since, and which produced a sim'^' ilar efTect" in I'.ilamI, (ialicia and upper Sil. .*ia dining Ihe last )ear. In Germany _w el weallier has prevailed only in certain parts of the conntiy, otler portions have on Uie cimli-iiry siitfi-red I'roiii (trmigbt. Tlie resell.- of ihe harvest are far bom salisfaclorv. Acconting 10 calcnlalions wliii' fOt.il iiiii)i ciiu'ii mi'. Ktirtt T iligiii Ml ■■«, CCtlll nfiL. Null, irini iliiii lirM III,) liw ml; liil been iiui4e, it will noi be sidficieiit I'o ir the old or tnngiis. It may he said \\,.,\ tliis tJivW.V I"" """ J'"!" Best Iv'KCisiFf for 'CuRi-ng Meat.— For eve- ry one hmidred pounds of meat, take five pints o'f good mola.sses, (or live pounds brown sugar,) live onnctis saltpi'tre, and eight pounds rock .sail add three !.'alloiis of wan r, and lioil the ingre- dients over a gentle tire, skiimiiiiig otl the froth or scum as it rises. Conlnme ihe boiling till the salt, \'c., is dis.solved. Have the hams nicely cut and trimmed, packed ill ca-ks wiHi ihe sliank end down. ,-.s the jiickle will iluis strike in lieinr. When the pieKlo prcpar.d as above is snth.'ieni- h cool, lioiir il over llie ham-. Th.-_\ may he in pickle lioiii two Ki six week.s, accordiiii; I" the Size of the pieces, or the stale of ihe wealhrr— more time hem;; reipiireil in cold than jn warm wealber. I!e..f or million hams, or tongues 111- leiided tor smoking and drying, may be cured according to this mode, and will be found excel- lent. .11 There are olla-r mod.'s of (Mcklmg hams w li aiii miieh esleemjd in various connlries. _ In ihal cxcelleiil and a^jreeable work enlitled " Favmiiig for Ladies," we find the following direcli'ms lor preparing the celebraled -llambro' I'lckle, whicti is .said to be cipiatK applicable to beet, pork, loiiLOies. &-C.:— "To each gnllon ol water, III and a half of common salt, a lias ihe appear.mre of plausibility, as llie blighl • ir blasi ill gram, has been jlreliy i le.nrly ir.icd to a liinges ; I hi. spread .ind incre.se uf wliieb is. li.iwevei , L'l ;lv ih iil.'i I en llie w."all;er, I; and uioisuire, or u dam)i bidiry atmosphere, tii- qnarler of a nmind of coars.- luown sugar, aid iilie iinii.-i- of salljietrc; boiled, and lo lie i-are- r.illy s.ummed. After ^landing in a j.roper ves- sel "imiil ipiii.- ci.ld, the meal may Iki iiumer,s it ma\ have been in' 1S04 and 1817. G.'d grant ihal the sad events of those epoch- ma\ nol he , renewed. 'I'here are in ihi-^ pr.ivince wliole connlries wlirre the- persons v\ li.i li,.ve n.siiiilly sold L'raili, will be llieii sebes iiMl.id lo ti ■••o i.e pniehasers, the next sprm:. Th.- siiii iiiim nf (Jallcia is still more sad, llie price of r>e arose from ()() 10 100 immedi.ii. I.\ after the harve-t ; it is siill rising. "Ill llun;.:ary, g.nei„ll\ so mipi o.hiciive, llie^ .jineriimeiit has hi . 1. cinpelled 10 si. .re up mien, hi mih'r 111 prevem a laiinoe The hope ni a i;,,.hI baiv.>t has 111. n.' erni 11) fiiled there lh.,11 ♦•V.'li in Sile.--ia. "In .XiiKliia, Moi.ivia and Bohemia, the re- sults of' ti.is yejjr's harvest, are nelow ihose of a ill.. lialia and (he Rheiiisli (iruviiiccs have lieetl ■ill i: favor* d, hut the lan (liiiiini:-tied ihe crop in qnaliiy and itaniiiv. It cai.tiot moieoxer lie eeilaiii thiii Injlaiul will 101 be reiiiii'id lo iiii|iort giaili fi om rei;;n eoimiries, lor if is m II known that il is Illy iu iMi-e ihe liarusi is very abimdalil (iiefu at her ow 11 snpplie.s are snflicie.nt for ihe wauls f the coniiin. In conliary case, she will iiiru i'reye.- lo Ameriea, ra- perhaps ilraw her siip- lies from ihe enuiiiries about tlie Black Se.i. •'In ."'caiidinavia, ilnil is to say in Denmark, in iirnav, in Sweden, the harvest lias not lieen ii-l;iclor\. Il may be affirmed upon the whole at fof a \itiiu liiiic! ihere has not been a ycai so iiliivorable as ihe pie.-en(,aiid if il is cousidered hit hi Itiom^. In adililinii 10 all these, we learn by' a Rejitle- nian fj-oiii .Lowell, jbatlhe Directors of llle. Low- ell IManuficlmini.' Company, voted last week to erect n liew mill 230 (eel Iouk and 'JOO wide, 5. stories. bifib, for the Inaiinbietiire ol Power Loom pirpels.' It'will contain .'jU Brussels and 250 lu- griihi Looms. — .Yewburypwt Herald. Croto.s Watrr Works. —The n;ct>i|»fi! for the half year from ihi; Ist of iMay have been .$ I4(I,('.W 7(i, beiiii; ail increase over llie corres- pon'(li.njr monibs in 1844 of ,«!;j(i,5(;S()2. 'I'lieex- . pendiii. res ilnrilig the same lime Ibis yi;ar have been .$3I.5,C.1(I'37, be.iim a duel 1 .i.^e from lasl \ ear ot S20,t)!II '■/!. " . •The usual half yearly e.vaminalion of ibe in- IVriiir of till' atpiednil .was maile in October, and il. was Ibnnil Ihat but very few -repairs were re- quired. The water Was sliul ofli'liir only lli'irleen difys, duriii:.' which time the .(fmjnijiy of w-itef used and uiiisltJ was at llie. rule of ten millions of :.'alloiis' per day'. VV'lien the v\aler was shut off', bnlli reservoir's iu Ihe ciiy were InH — the upper roiilainin;: one .bundled and liliymilliou.^, anil lln- lower twenty millions, iiuikiii;: lo^elbj^r one liundrcd .'unl sev eiMy millions !if ffnllons; and when ilie water .•i?;ain reached the receiviu '-.iUni. il uiv i.i heaps. I look ijway the. Iiuii...e- ai.d oideied iho ashe* to iJe scattered', ami lo ib'S day I iiotice that ■upatmaBMfairua.' iMiiisl i:. li rlt).-b-^ lli;il lie iievi r look lln! Iiinl. A fiininT jii'is H .■*|il»- |il Ihe sjf^ti'ni which !^l surh !i swiiid to h>! Mil ^hall iillovv him every jK.ir j pill his ■iniiii on ? ? No", hi; liJiIes hooU-liiniiiiijr, iukI >ci(Milifio tiiriiiiiiL', "i"! "Ihis lion ;"' .Mini 'y>iis on llie old way noinni- ol roiii- —Inrlicinn Fur. and Gitrd. Prodiiclioii of lion. N,:vvlinnpoil llrr.ihl we cxlriict the. Fnnn ih folkmiiiL': — „ . ■i-he in-oihietion ol' Iimi in this <-onnl.-y for the M-iir J844 «as 48(i,000 u.n^, noi inurh, il nny le^s "ihan Olio Ihir.l of lln; iiin.iilily nnule in Ln.i;lMn.l. ][ i< coinnnlea ih^t :n-rordin- to the |,resen( rate of inn-ease, ii. three \eais onr animal |iroilnctloii Mill .'o up to 1,U00,0{J0 ions. _ Manv iiriproveiuents have been made in the niannlaelure of this mln-le. A hun.lied years j.nn charcoal was sni.p"''«'l '" ''« "l>*"l;'|«'.V ne- cessary to the nnunilKctiire, and the hiasi was given hy a leather hellows. This iModiiced an iinnipr"- consuinplion of wood. Ill i; i a new stiirinhis was S'ven lo the man- i.facture, hy the discovery that iron could he iiiHde with l.inmiinons coal, and tne hiast was ^iveii l)v a cvliniler worked with pistons instead of a heilo«s. This more than douhled the pro- duct iminediatelv. Kroni that time to t!ie present many iinprove- nif Ills have In en oia.e, one of the most impor- tant of whirl, W..S at Glasgow in iS'^t^, the inlro- dnclion of tlie hot hias!, hy which means the fjnantitv of coal was reduced from eighty tons to one of "pii; iron, to ahonl two and a ipiarler tons. 'J'liis iiroducpd a M)Uer and more malleahle iron. The day is not far distant when onr ships will load with iron at I'liiladelpliia, New Orleans, B,.llinH>i-e, and perhaps other port.s, lor foreiuji countries. There is no limit to nscs to which cheap iron mfiy ha apjilied.and the United States from the larye ipiaiitilics I'f irmi ami coal itcon- tains, its rivers and canals and railways, iiiiist af- ter snificienl experience has heen ohlatned, he ahle to produce every descriplion e,\cept char- coal iron, lower than any other nation. Tlie New Vork 'I'roe Sun has a lii.storical sketch of the proj;re s of the inaimfacliire in Ihe United Status from which we taUe the followiiij; statistics. Ill 1839, iMi-. Lynmii tlrst melied iron hy .■mthraeite coal at I'otlsville, Pa. In IS-tO, Messr.s. hiddle, Chamller & Co., at Danville, P.i., and Messrs. Reeves & VVhilaker, at Plielii.xville, Pa., sidis'itiited anthraeile coal lor cli ri!oal ; and an- thracite i.s now very ^'enerally used. The pro- {.'i-i'.ss of iron niakiii:,' in the Uniied States and in iCil^dand under the.e circnaislaiiees has heen as follows: V. Stal.'S |irodni'l of piir iron. '.'i.3,!>08 liil .Viil :il7,7U0 4S(I,(J()(J ill!! iiiMst siii-pi isiiii discoveries in re- llie m-iiiiiiuciiire of iron lie.s hut lately taki-n place, anil is not yet inlrodiieed into the Uniied States. Ihe yreat ddiieully which' the iron master has to contend w iih is the e.vtirpa- tion of the carhon conuiiiMil in the cast ineial. Electricity li,':s now heen applied snccessl'nily to this III iiler,- on ilie prineii'le that wlieii a snli- staiice is exposi'd lo an electric cinrelil, iis nci;- iilive and positive finalities liei^ome separated, h'oii itself is posilive. The elements allaelied III it ill a crude state, as carhon, sulphur, &c. are lie;;ative. Hence when the metal is in a fuzed .stale, the ap^iliealioii of a stream of electrieiiy at oiiee drives olf lliese impurities v\illiiiiit the ne- eessiiy of re-heatjii};, and liars of the pmusl metal are at once ohlained. A s.'iviri;; of ."Jfr to §10 per Km is lliiis ciiiM-nd. Thifi \^ deslined ji'.'ain lo jrive a new impulse to the tr.ide, which has liiilierto lieen in it.s iiihiney in this coimtiy, ;md the waitt of I'n'ile and cheap means'of cmii- jniiiiication hel A'eeii the iiiine and ihe iLaikeir. to buy food tor the Irish abroad, in anticipation of the tiiiiiine that may ensue in consequence of ihe failure of the potato crop, &.C., in Ireland. The E.\press, noiicinj,' iht' |iidjeei, says — "that llie parkei shiji I'atiiek llemy is now discluir;;- iii^ one llionsaiid bushels of potatoes which cost in Liverpool one shilling and nine pence a bush- el, or lliiriy-ei";hl cents. This is three pence less ihtm the same article cost at that port last year, and less than one half the price that po- tatoes brill;; in this iiiaiUet. Accordiiif; to this, then, we are inindi more in il.in^er of stai vin;; for want of potatoes than onr Irish friends just novv." 1810 18^0 1840 1844 One of latioii to Kii-li>li proilnel of pi^' iron. '-J.j8,'50« . (»8:4I7 ].-J48,78I I,578,2(i0 Important to Farmers— Contiuued Rise iii Breadstiifl's. The steamer IJrilannia arrived at Boston on the ;:2lst ult. hiinyinj; Liverpool dates to the 4th. 15v her we learn, that a ^n.'al dejiree of excile- inent e.\iste^ure. mors of Ihe press and in i\Iark Lane are lore, without the slightest value." The excitement iind panic produced by llii slate of ihiiiL's, has caused a depi Cotton market. The m.uda for rail-w;iy shares, absorhin!r immense amounts of capital, had also had a deleterious efiVct trade; hut a re-action was about taking place m rciiard lo this extraordinary movement, by the infjiience of the 'Times" newspaper, and fitars are now enterlained that a terrible convulsion will he ihe conseipienee in the iiiiniey market in Eiiglaiid, \vhich will very pr(diahly ati'.ct lliul ol the United States. The iiiKdligeiice 'w this arrival has bad the ef- fect of r.ii'-iuj: the price of Flour and Grain in the several markets on the seji board as will be seen by our pi ices current. A cargo of 3000 blibi. Flour "MS shipped frmii this port last >veek for Liverpool. We have no doubt ihal the prices now being obtained, will bo likely to he inaiiitaiued, if not cousiiierahly increased. Corn has had qjiite a jump, and all other ariicles which can be used as food for iiiiin or beast, will obtain now, what has not been the case for years, a reinuneratilig price lo the farmers of our country. The Times of the 3d ult. contains the report of the Coniuiis>ioiiers appointcMl hy the Govern- ineiit to ijivestigate the iictiud condiiioii of the potato crop. They slate that tlle^)e,st use to be made cd' the diseased potatoes is the exlractioli of sliircli I'rmii them, and ex|iress the opinion tlnit slarcli, by being mixed with oal-inealf may be converteil into an exeellelil and eeononiical aili- cle of Hi.od. They recommend the preparation of eslablislnneuls !cu' its maniiliictnre, add also the eiiclioii of kilns lo (lr,\' li.e potatoes, as in lb;d w;iy they may be preserved for a iniicli long- er ti.ii ■. -,'l:iL-ri':.iii (D.iltimort) ]'\;rtncr. Smoking Hams. — The best pickles in the world will not ninke good linms, uide?s proper cure i( Cause of the Potato Rot. E. G. Buxton, in the Maine Farn;er, states an experiiii(;iil which he made in growing some po- taloes ill the cellar, ill a dark place, and they were affected with rot, like those raised in the Held. From this he infers that thedise.ase is not caused hy rust, heat, cnltiug- the seed, &c., hut that the c.iiise is in the potato. Some person coiiimeiiling on this attributes the cause lo dis- ease in iIh- previous crop, which was not per- ceptible, and was trausniitled lo the new pro- duce. We do not believe in eiilier of these causes. — We do not think the potato is running out, or generally decliuiug, and will iinally become ex- tiiiet, as is said to he the case wiili some species of animals and ve;;etali|es. which is the view, as we suppose, iliMl Mr. Biixion lakesof the subject. And tliou;,:li iho disease mav in some cases I.e tr.uisinineil by planting infected scimI, this is not Ihe general cause: ihv on this piineiple how did it originate, and why does it prevail lo a va.^t ex- tent Ihis year where it was unknown before.' Then what is the cause? is ;i question that will naliirally be suggested in the minds of onr readers. \\v expressed onr opinion when this siibjeit was first agiialed, and the hundreds of caiifcs assiirned, and the numerous arguments ollered in favor of one supposed cause .ind an- other, has only temled to confirm us in onro[!in- ioii, which is that the disease is caiiseil by .-m lOon i uvifavnrfihle (ilniofi/ilieric influence. This is rather ' 1 1 . 1 1 .1 Ii 1 1 1 1 ji liiir w'li it'iiiilil i-d Vfgetabi.es.— TNe outer .- niB fi.r Ihecoaiser veiftiMlile.^, poiaioes, oahh.Mut s, &(-., iiiid Ibr tlie coiiiMioii iVuii.s. 'J'liis is li\ uu nifiiii.s 111,, only veyeliiMe mid (iuit miiiki'i in London, hut ii is tlie prii,cip,il one, iiud soim- of llif othor tii;ul<.-lN, (iiid m.-iiiy of ilio liuil-.^^liups; s<--!ittf;red ovt-r London, receive ilieir .siinohes from Coveni Giinleii. Tl.ere is li.-.rdly m,^ mh- Kon of ilie yeiir wlien every viiriely ol Iniii iind ye-clalijes, « lNeuicoat.», so arranged in ditRrent ^^^miur^iHoiitl)lii Inciter. 175 lengths that a porlioii of each may he displayed —are amoiij.' the most picturesque, and not uii- pleasing, objects of that beautiliil cil\. 'I'he advaniage of hiinging Ihe (in'er fruiis to the market in this way is, that they come in the best possible Condition. The vvlioFc^ale business being com|,leicd, the growers of the prodiieo re- """" ''"'""•. I 'he inarkelnu; goes at once into the hands ol the shopmen and retail dealer.s, who are, in general, residents in the city. Old Times.— The Rev. ftlr. Fox, of Newb.iry- port, 111 an old paper, written in U^d to a ll-iend yave a laimliar sketch of Ihe manners and hab- iis ol the gooil people of Uoston, nearly a cen- tury ago. The following is that part uhich de- scribes the ilress of a couple as iliey were ar- raiigi d hir marriage : "To liegin wiih the lady ; her long locks were strained upward over an immense cushion, that sat like an incnbus on her head, and then plas- tered over with pomatum, and .sprinkled over with a shower of while powder. The liei-dit of lliis tower was somewhat over a Ibot. One sin- ;;le while rosebud lay upon its summit, like an eagle on a hayslack. Over her neck and bosom, was olded a lace handkerchief, fastened in from by a bosom-pin, rather lari'er than a dollar, con- sisting of your grandlalher's miniature, .set in virgin gold. Her airy liu-m was braced up in a satin dress, ilie sleeves tight as the naiural skin to llie arm, with a waist formed by a bodice worn ouL-ide, from whence the skirt' iiowed off and was distended at the ancles bv an ample boot.! Silioes ot white kid, with peaked loes, and heeis ol moflrihree inches elevation, enclosed her feet, and gliiiereri. with spangles, as her little pe- dal nieiiilH-rs pee| ed curiimsly out. _ "Now Ibr the swain. 'Vour grandnaher slept 111 an arm-chair the night betbre bis weddint', lest the arrangements of his pericranium, which had been under the hands of a barber the v, hole af- ternoon, should be disturbed. His hair was sleeked back and plenlifully beflowered, w.hile his cue projected like the handle of a skillet—- His coat was of „ sky-b!,io silk, lined-u ill, yflhiw • bis oiig vestof whife satin, embroidered with gold lace;.hisbre.chesof the same nialerial.and lied at Ihe knee with pink- ribbon-. White silk stockings and pniiip.s, with clocks and ties of the same hue, completed ihe habiliamcnis ofliis nether limfi.s. Lace ruffles clustered around his wrisi, and a portentous frill, worked in corres- pondence, and bearing the miniature of bis be- loved, fimsned bis tridv genteel appearance."' BUIGHTOJJ MAlJKET-MnND.y, Di-c. t, ld«. l.leporl.,.,1 ft, ilu- Ihiiy A.lv(.ru.,.T & Patriot.] SQ:. •swir,;''-''' ""' '^"f '•■"'■'■■. «0 Slurc.,, 33:10 .*h«p, mid JZ%^t%f'Z^'^f^^ fi-t q,Ki,ily4.0 ^.75; Sarrdlui.r CuWt.-.Mess s:l as , A'o. I cr,--, Mcf/j.—.Sales.lri.ln ,$1 In gn l-li A':^uiK™;;^^'t^;^;|!f "' ■'''■■ '-"^ «"-■ -^' n^ i^,r n.no.,. UOSTON M.iKKET-D, r. 2. ly^'hl'^I,";!"''''" "'""' "" "■'"''■''■•'"-■. ■'"■I I'n<^"- arc uomin.il- r.IJ'l'.l'iMiV'T,'''''" .',"•■■"' ^^'''~' "''*""' animation. Salrs „{ „ OjUr,;;'";' ,';;:''" '"" "' ■■• """ ■"•!.-., al 7^0 a„d St. DuiniiiKo-: l'"LO(;i{— ■riiedi.Mniind i.scinifiafd tn the rcuil trade fjpn t:Mi^!;^7\,::r:!^:^ ■" «« ^' ■ ^^" ^"'^ '^J^^^'^y a COTS OUl> \V!1(1H;»AI.K CASH PRICES CURRENT. For VVEat Ikdia Guoi..s & (Juoceiiies, I'-luur, Gkain Pn„ Corrected weekly for liil,., N. U. ftirriot l,y Gtr..MOI!E & VLM P, at tile Deijot .Store, (>ui^„r,l, N. H. Dec. 8, 1815. ...4 .to ..33 Ma.^ufactures i.-v Te.mnessee.— There are no le.ss than .50 cotton factories in Teiine,-.oee. Ihey consume annually about ]0,000 bales of cotloii. There are many others employed in spinning and weaving bolh cotton 'aiid wool. Jean.«, osnahergs, linseys, ker.-.evs and bed tick- ing are made at Lebanon, Sb^dbvville, Franklin and Winchester. At Lebanon, "lOO hanils are employed in the manofaclnrc of the coarser kinds ol cotton and woollen negro clotliin". One half of these bands are black— slave.-^, of course --and th.'y are saiil lo be 'expert in almost every depariiiient. The goods mannliiclured are dis- posed of at home and in the Souili .vcstt rn fil;ites. Ihe Nashville O, ihopnlitan, from wiii,4i we learn these lacis, considers tjiat the succe.ss cd' liie iiic- lories 111 Tennessee disproves the opinion held by niany, that inanuracturiiig establishmenis can- not be carried on wiih .advanta-e u here slaverv prevads. Tb.e manuliicimc of blinkeis is abou't to be introdnceil-inioTcnnes.see ibr theli,.suime at Lebanon.— i?os<. Bee. • ■ . .?,.in ..',:rj ..7,50 ....14 ..0,00 Pp.eservaTio.v of Eggs.— Eggs will keep Ion- izer and better in salt than ill any oiheu wav.— Gfitd. Chrou, This i.-i a tireat inistalce. Eggs will keep very well m salt, but we find bv experimi-iils that tl^ev will keep ralher longej-, and heller in grnnnd- plas- ter. We saved them ill birth siib.-tain^es at the same time,aiirl those kept in silt began lo charge from their natural appearance first, bv the volk adliermg to the shell.— lErf. Cult. Vermi.v b.N Fowj,s.^Scaltering slacked lime fln the perches and Hours of the lieii-housi', a.> often as once iiilen Hays, will cfRctualU eradi- cate Ilie lice and piuiuore the iiealth of the ib\> N —Alb. Cult. ■\snKs,i'cii....... P(.ai-liy ALUM, : lilll.MSTONE, Roll l^ulplmr CAMPIIUB. lieliiied,.... CANDLES, Muul(j t^periii, ,,, COi-U'-EE, St. Domingo,..;. 6 norto Kico, gi Porto Caliillo, s.? OI;l Uuveriiment Java... . Jl COPPERAS, '....-i FISH, Uanlc,(f>-qiiiiilal,..e,5a P'dlock, -2 03 Bay s'is Otd Dun, ^ ..4 ;^i) No. J t'alMion, ii*^ bij, hJiio Ko. l.'liail, ipbi;i, IJ.UO Ton's i Sounds, ^ hhl, H,l)!l i:.ii.I''i,i^-,r lil'l, SJlO PLOUK, G^a=.«o, 0:30 Fancy lirand, - :n Ohio, Akron, Spaiilu'ias. CAtra,... ■. H Beanh, ....... fruit: Figs, Raisins, blue mark „,„„ Black mark,...-. ...'.». .8,.5'J Bo.\, bunch, :? 75 PUSI-ICK, Cuba, ^ton, 30^10 Tampico ^,00 Oroiind, if' hiiud 1,73 (3LUE, Russian best 17 American, n GKA^^■. Oal."!, 40 ct-nts |p- bu Corn, 75 dndnbu R.ve, 75 dodo bu Beans 75'S)1,.M Peas 5,1® 75 GRINDSTONES, 1st qual- ity, linislieil,|(>hiind.a.-55 Do, do. iniliuisbcil, 1 50 HERRt.VG, li* bo.v, No. 1,. .50 Si'al.--d, 75 INDIGO, P.eii;al,.l,10(ri)l,75 ■ Spmii^a doal,...I,0ii^i,,5;i .Manilla 75'»1,25 IRO.V, Old S.ihl.f, ..5 Enjli. Ir'-fin, 22,00 Campeachy, 27,00 Ground, if* hund 1,75 MACtiEllEL, iNo. I, p- hli) ij^no -^'"•2, .s8,00 !>■•'• 3, lino \IOLASSES, Havana, ....23- Sutinam ^ ^q Trinidad -..31 P.Jilo Ri<-o, 3; Su':ar House, 5;i NAILj=. Boston Iron (*o's . hranl, 4* Old coi.uiy !jo..;;!;;;;;;,i?i VV'eymoutii Iron Co if, ■^'^nn .M-ss i-joo Ciuiiinoii do Jo ()(( liulter, tjs- ft, 10c,i;'l4 Cheese, new inilcli,.. .7 ^oJ t> Fourmual, 5^0,1; Dried apple, .best, 4 Lard, northern, 8 Do. southern, .-. s Til rkeys it Chickens, hest,8 Goslins, best, 5 Round Hogs, SUM RtD\vOOD, ground, iS- I'.nnd .2,75 Nicaragua, if- ton,. . . .S.'i.nil RICE, If hund. best 5,.5.j ROSIN, ^bbl '^50 .SAL/EUATOS, riistqu3lilv,4 I SALT, St. L'bes, ^ hhd. 4',00 . Cadiz 4,(ju Bniiiiires, 4 iio I Talks l.5land .'! !4;ijO I -Liverpool, 4_oo Do. line, VVorlhing.ston I brand, 1?^ bag, -2,00 , Do. oilier brands, 1,75 SALTPETRE, crude,... ...8 Do. relined, 9 SEKI). Clover, northern', iial Do. soathcin, 10 „,"';i'ds smss, p bu 2,00 SHLN'JLES, first tiuiililv. No. 1, pine, (,*.M :3,.25 do. do. do. spruce a Oi) SI;''"''-'^«''~'. )'*yanl (!■ bHOr, aswrted =J SHOVELS, cast steel,' jf^" ' , doz Jil.OI fctecTpointed di 9,ui). Iron do.b'eiit, 8,"0 Dn. couimon, 6 .511 SOAi', Ca.,Iile, Jo white Soap, best, 8 Brown, No. |, 4 ''"■"•ly, 5 ^ E.vtra, 1; SPICES. Cassia, in mats, i-J ..03 . .f' ..41 . .5 ..4 ••4} ..4J S3 33 n ...1,00 ...1,.50 11 ...la ..It ..12 ...7J ..18 ..17 ..19i .10 Do. irroui: ., Cloves Ginuer, pure, .. J:ace.i;> !!■,,.... Kutn-eKs, b, St,. Pimento, u litde. Do. ground, '. Pepper, uln.le, '. Do. groirnd, STEKi,, Swedes, best!. Sauders.n, Urothcis .Co. cast steel, .lessop &;«Son, do.. German, oest, Do. common, ,„ CoaVh spring, best,.. .-..'. .9" SUGARS. Brown llava- .na, v-.-ry best, „in.i On. do. prime, 10" Do. do. fair ;. 8 . Double retin. Bast B. loaf,'l3 D. I. ri.). crushed, J3 Do. do. powdered, |3i Common loaf, ji Porl.rRico, best, !.8J Purified Muscovado do... M TjJK., I,' bid 3,00 1 r.AS. Gunpowder, best quaMI), jJ-jb, 75 Imperial, do .....80 Hj'Scin, di so Hyson Slcjn, do sa Young Hyson, common, .ri5 Do. di!. fair >4o Bo. ilo. g.iod 45 . n.l. do. be.st :. ,-, '" ""•" '^o '»•. . tin. do. best (■,=; '•:^iiW;<;;- ■v:fTonACCO,c„mm„Sfkeg::.» PLASTER, If)- ton','. 5,5U ii't. crotiini, '0 i'JOl. PROVIsiO.X.-i Potk |.;,v.' tra clear le" bbl, JS.OO Common do : 14,00 ..10 Ceo,l do t-'nnitii'ai boY,. . llonev D.-\v, do. best ....1-^" Cavt ndi.i),. 8a i®'37J PROSPECTUS ■• OF THE FARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR, VOI-CEME VIII. COMMENCING JANUARY, 1846, CONDUCTED BY ISAAC HILL, ■ And PiiWislied by Isaac HiH & Sons, Concerd; N. E, To whom all roonoy for subscriptions, and subscribers' names, must be addressed, poOuge ''"The attention of the agricultural public is respectfully invited to the fol!owiug:exceedingl, low rates of subscription which, considering the size, frequency of pnbhcatwn, and quan- tity of matter, tall far below those of any other weekly or. monUJy paper pubhshed tn the '^'TCRMs'l^fo single subscril>ers, 50 cent, per.annum. Ten per cent, will be allowed to anv oerson who shall send us more than ;one subscriber. ,^Z o»e ;r.An. Anyaddnjonal number of copies will be furnished at the .same rate. The payment in every case must be made in advance. In commencing the publication of the eighth volume of the Monthly Visitor; the publishers wo Id earnestly sSl.cit Lir present patrons, and .ucl, other S"'''™- J,-% ^.ttf'Xw to natronizo the only exclusively .Agricultural nevyspnpcr in eitlrer of the Wato» ol l\ew HaCh or Vermont, to lend Lm a .helping hand in increasing its ctrculat.on.. , Uurmg thrfirtL earsofi.;pubhca.,on,theV,sitor numbered about 5800- suoscnbers. bmce hat t^me-lut efforts to obtain subscriptions havirrg been necessarily diverted Irom it by a 1^0 of Xbusiness.^the number has yearly decreased, al.lio^gh the rate o.^ t'o, "as beeS reduced more than twenty per cent The present number on our s^hscrip ,on iTi abor^oOO. At our present subscription price, this number, to ensure a &■' I'-B; '° IS ^ubhlrs, should be doMei; and if a fair compensation for the services oi the editor ■''*?t:VS;rr:;:;::d:m1m"t":eriment. -Kor.,our years, .at least, a., its have already rcinarkcd) it is the only exclusiv.ely agricultural paper m the tSn> latter tetates, aud because we furnish it at a very moderate pnce. _ ;.^,,- ^cd to assist us by his ■ fr?= Kverv sentloman who -receives this paper is especially iequc>ted to ashi--t us uy . names of such subscribers as he can procure?. • ^£^^q eiLt &' SON§.- Concord, .N..'H., Dec. Ij 184^5, . . ' • armors tsit^r. CONDUCTED RY ISAAC HIU,. 'Those who l»i.oii is the earth auk tup. cko.ex i-torLU of Uou, »vho»e breasts he has mace hij peokmak DtruMit por »lust« ns, by a regulation of the Po.H MtLster General, may i/i all cases lie reiaiUejl hyj the Post Master, free or postaoc. 53-,\U jenllenien who have heretofore acted as Agents ate requested to continue their .\sency. Old subscril/ers who come under the now terms, will please notify ns of the names already on our books. iiiciuasiiig tlie s|icci(io mm^ yjsmw^ From Judge Buel's Farmer's Companion. A Glossary of Chemical terms used in Agri- culture, Arc. .^.mrpiion, (lie .•onver.sioii (if a gaseous fluiil into a iKiiiid or solid. .Iceiale, srilt fbrined hy the conibinntion of any liaso Willi ilie arciic acid. ^cettile of Lead, su^'ar of lead. Jlccttc Jicid, coni'eiiiratod vinefjar. Anils, coiii[H)Uiids of bases witli oxygen, jiydro- gen, &c. JElher, a volatile lirjiiid, foiniud of alcnliol and an acid. AJinili/, a fiM-oe l.y which siihstaiices of diffrrent kind.s iinilc. _ Jllkali {fossil, Of minern!,) soda. Jillnili {vegelnhle,) potash. Alkarti [votalile,) airirnonia. Alcohol, rectified spirits of wine. Alluvial, depositions of soil maile by water. Alum,n coiiii)OiMid of snipliuric acid, aliimine, and polasli, or aninionia. Alumine, earth of ahiiii ; pnre argillaceous clay. Anthracite, iiiineral coal containg no bitiiineii. Arcnmcler, a grailuated ghiLss iiistriimeiit with a bulb, by wbicli the specific gravity of liquids is talien ; an hydrometer. Argillaceous, of the nature of clay. . Aromii, the odor which arises froi'ii certain vce- lalilcs, or their infusions. Azote, nitrogen; tlie basis of atmospheric air, of aiiunouia, nitrous acid, &c. Barometer, an instrument which shows the vari- ation of atinos|)lieric pressure. lieti metal, an alloy of tin and copper. Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc. Calcareous, partaking of the nature of lime. Caloric, the chemical term for the matter of heat. Caloric {free,) railiant heat, or thai which is not ill chemical union with othor bodies. Caloric {latent,) the matter of heat in a state of combination ; not perceptible. Carbon, the base of a diamond and of charcoal. Carbonate of lime, Ibe compound of carbonic acid" and lime, under the name of marble, limestone calcareous spar, dial!;. Sec. ' Carbonate of potash, common potasli ; pearla^h • salt of tartar. ' Carbonic acid, carbon combined with oxygen. Chalybeate, the term applied to mineral waters impregnaled with iron. Citric acid, the acid of lemons. Cohe.no7i, a force inherent in all the particles of bodies, by which they are prevented from fall- ing to pieces. Concentration, the act gravity of bodies. Decomposition, scjiaratioii of the constiluont prin- ciples ol' (;ompouiid bodies. Kfferrescence,un intense motion which takes phice in certain bodies caused by the esca|)e of a gaseous substance. Efflnirscence, the pulveriiliMit form of saline bodies piiiiliiccd by e.xposiirc to the air, in conse- ((ueuce of losing their water of cryst.alization. Elements, are, properly, the simple constituent l)arts of bodies, incapable of decom|)Osition, or furtbei' division. Essences, the essential oils obtained by tlislilln- tion from odoriferous vegetable substances. Evaporation, dissipation of fluids by heat; evap- orating fluids, into ya[ior by heat! Fermentation, a peculiar spontaneous motion, which occurs in vegetable substances, il" ex- posed to proper temperature, under certain cir- cumstances. It is usually divided into the acetous, vinous, saccharine, and j)utrefuctive stages. Fhdditii, H term applied to all liquid substances. Solids are converted into fluids by combining with a certain portion of caloric. Gallic acid, the acid found in gall-nuts. Gas. .411 solid substances, when converted into permanently elastic fluids by caloric, are called gases. Gelatin, a chemicid term for animal geliy. Gluten, a vegetable substance allied to gelatin. Gravilij, that property by which bodies fail to the earth. Gravili), {specific,] is the wei'.dit of any solid or fluid body, compared with the same measure of distilled water. HjjJrales. Those substances which have formed so intiinati; an union wilh water as to solidify the water, and render it one of its component parts, are called hydrates. Hi/drate of Lime, lime sl-cked in water. Hi/drogen, the base of water; inflammable air. Hydromcler, see Areometer. Incineration. I he converting of vegetables to ashes, liy burning. Laboratory, ;i room fitted up with apparatus for the perli)rmance of chemical operations. Lime, quicklime; calcareous earth; oxide of calcium. Lute, a composition for closing the junctures of chemical vessels, &c, .laceration, suftening a solid boily in a fluid, with- out im|)regualing the fluid with it. Malic acid, acid of apples. Malleabilili/, that property of metals which gives them the quality of being extended and flat- tened by hammering. Menstruum, the fluid in which n so/tV body is dis- solved. Mineral, any natural substance of a irietallic, earthy, or s.-dine nature. Mordants, substances whicit have a chemical aflinity for particular colours, as alum. Mucilage, a vegetable principle allied to gum. Muriates, salts formed by the combination of any base with muriatic acid. Muriatic acid, spirit of sea salt. Muriate of soda, common salt. JVilrale of potash, salpetre, nitre. JVitrates, salts formed by the combination of any base with nitric acid. .Yeutral salt, a substance formed by the union of an acid with an idkali, an earth, or a inetalic oxide, in such prodorlions as to saturate both the base and the acid. Oxalic acid, the acid founi] in sorrel. Oxide, any substance combined with oxygen, in a jjioportion not sufficient to produce acidity ; rust of metals. Oxidize, to combine oxygen with a body without producing acidity. Oii/gen, a simple substance, being one of the component parts of ualojand aliiiosplrrric tiii ; vilal air. 0,iv//ce(i g-ns, o.xygen converli.-il into gas by coui- bining with caloric. Pellicle, a thin skin which forms on the surficc; of salint^ and oilier llquliU, when boiled down to a certain strenjjth. Pyrolignic acid, an acid obtained from wood by burning. Sal, a salt. Saturation, the act of impregnating a fluid with another substance, till no more of it can be received or imbibed. Silicious earths, natural substances which are com- posed chiefly of silica ; as quartz, flint, sand, &c. Simple substances, synoymous with elements; not divisible. Smelting, the operation of fusing ores, to separ- ate the metal from tlie sulphur, arsenic, and other matters with which it is combined. Solution, the perfiict union of a .solid substancu with a fluid. Sulphates, Sulphals, Sulphites, salts formed by the combination of any base with sul|)huric acid. Sulphate of copper, blue viiriol ; blue stone. Sulphate of iron, copperas ; green vitriol. Sulphate of lime, gypsum. Sulphate of soda, Glauber's sails. Siilphate of zinc, white vitrol. Sulphale of potash, u chen)i(;al salt, composeil of sulphuric aciil and potash. Sulphuret of potash, sulphur tmd potash fused together. Sulphate of magnesia, Epsom salts. Sulphuic acid, oil of vitriol ; vitriolic acid. Super-tartrate of potash, cream of tartar. Subacetate of copper, verdigris. Sulphurets, comliinaiions of alkaline earths or metals with sulphur. Tartaric acid, the acid found in the grape. Tartrates, Tartrites, salts formed by the cotnbina- tion of any base wilii the acid of tiirtar. Thermometer, an instrument to show the relative heat of bodies and of the atmosphere. Trituration, the pulverizing, or uniting of bodies by friction. Torrtfaction, roasting of ores. Vacuum, a space unoccupied by matter. The Soil of Marsh-meadows. Every one has remarked that the soil of marsh- e.s, for a depth of from eighteen ii.ches to t-.vo feet is composed of nearly pure vegetalile mould, having in it very Mule admixture of clay, sand, or other earthly constituents, and of n blackness that rivals chiircoal itself It is a common im- pression that these soils arc made by the washing in of upland soil, century after century, and to a very limited extent they tlotibtless are." But this, we think, does not account either for the amount of the accumulation, or for its peculiar character; for if that were iis only or principal source, more of the iagredieuls of the upland soil would liave accompanied the vegetable mould in its descent, and the soil of these receptacles would have resembled that found in tlic bottom of those dry hollows, which are so commonly met with amoii" the oak-openings of this State. " There can be no doubt that the marshes were once covered with water, and that, too, at no dis- tant period, ludecfl, within the memory of early settler,*, some that were covered with water a foot or two in depth, have become dry enough to bo mown. The comparative wetness or dryness of the season, of course, makes much difference- but taking this into due account, it is evident there is going on a gradual drying up of the super-incumbent waters, and an emerging of the land. This being the case, a knowledge of the pro- cess which takes place, when decomposition of vegetable matter occurs, under water, will account for the peculiar characteristics of marsh soils, 178 ®l)c laxmas inontl)lu iHsitof- I... the l.un.in- of a coal-pit ll.e air is excluded more or less co.ni'letely, \>y a covering ol straw and carlli, and the result is that instead ot ashes hein'Mho prodiRt, as is the ease when eonibiis- tioii takes place in the open nir, eharcoal js tormec , tlie cari)on ol" the wood renvaining iiivronsunicd. Now a process analogous to this occurs ui Ihe "nulual deconiHiosilioii o«e without ac.'cw- to air. In the pror.'fis cer- tain gases are thrown olf, which probably are the means of yivini; to the clin,ate of the country where extensive tracts of that description are fonml, /itti peculiar character, an-l, m the en.l, there is left behind a black deposit in the bottom, which is, ill fact, the charcoal of the p ants Thefolluwi.it! extract Irom Pelitholdts Agil- «ultural Chemistry coidimis these views: ^•Oarhoiiizalion, then is .■liararlerized and (lis- itin"uislied from ordinary combustion hy its pro- ducts differing from those of combustion, in con- sennence of th.; exclusion of atmospheric oxy- gen Neverlheless it has much in common witb still more gallant captain, who won .1 not be harsh when it could he possibly avoided, teeelivg Mr Uichlle slaudin:,' on iho haiiU, the very mcar- naliun of nieeUness and resignation, he again addressed him— . , •'Stranger, you tnay come aboard again, ii you'll pay vour passage." ,,,11 "All right, captain, all right: thankee.— Im jusl.iil home .'" ^condaistion, where the latter process goes on with the presence of only an insufficient amount ^f oxygen,, especially in leaving a carbonaceous residue, which in carbonization is called char- coal, and in combustion, soot. "Now let us imoaine vegetable fibre under- going .spontaneously the slow process of decom- Tiosit^ion under circumstances which exclude com- .detely the oxygen of the atmosphere, and it ■must be evident that the phenomena occurring ■will be essentially the same as i« -carlwnrza- tion. Compounds of liydivsg«« and carbon will be formed principally, together with small quantities of water and carltoiuc acid, atid a car- bonaceous substance will <-.emaiii, appixjachiug more or less to iwre carbon, just as is the case m carbonization. I need only remind you ot what takes place in marshes aiul in pools ol stagnant water, at the bottom of which is a number ol vegetable matters, consisting cliiefly ol vegeta- ble fibre, putrefy under cover of water, vvhic.h completely precludes the access ot atmospheric oxyen. IJubblcs of water are seen constantly ascending from the bottom of these marshes or , pools: tliese bubbles will, upon examination, be I found' to cniisist of carbonic aci.l, or carburette. by.. . lias carefully explored the copper region, that | tliCM' loose masses of copper may be traced lo their jiarent veins of calcareous spar and an;il- cinie ill the conglomerate and red sand sioni;, and of I'hrenile, Luumonite and Datholilc m the Trap. In this way ihev become leaders or guides to the mineral cou;eiits of this region, which promises soon to be to the United Stales w hat lliB Ural is to Russia— the seal of prodigious in- dustry, anil the sources of inexhnslibh; mineral treasiires.— A^fiB Hnven Courier. The Mariner's Dream. iM slumbfis of midnight, the sailor hoy lay. His linmniock swung loose to Ihc sport of tin- wind, tVlnh watch worn and wi-arv, Ills tares flew away, And visions of happini-ss ilanccd o'er his niinil. Ill- dnanipt. of his homo— of his duar nativi; bowers, And pleasures tliat wailed on life's merry morn, While W< iiiory stood side ways^balf covetfd w ah llowcrs Restored every rose, but s lU^itor. 179 1111(1 two t^xira lor scp.iiiins wliiit is made, i^iicli lands MS Ills iii'e wiirlli iilxiut ciglity dollars |ier acre; and ho is oH'ciod scvciit}' dollars per ncre for wood, (iiiediuni size pine,) wliicli covers alioiil twenty-seven acres. Of hay, which I consider tlie most valnahle crop, the lands will yiejdaliont three tons, worth at different seasons Iroin s(^veri to ten dollars ; of rye from forty to forty-live hushels ; of oats from foriy to sixty hiishels. I WHS shown a lielil on which the j;rass crop lias been donhhul hy the nse of aitthmcitc ashes. — The slock, however, constitnte the pride, atid I doidit not the profit of the fnin. Ami it is worth notiiifr that the fancy prices which formerly and lately prevailed, are not now demanded. For in- stance, Mr. Benient owns a ilistingnished hull and cow which cost orijrinaily in lOnirland one thous- and dollars for the two ; he has, for sale, as nolile an animal as yon ever lieheld, si.\ years, old, which he oilers at sevenly-live ilollars. The ■greatest attention is paid to prevent unintentional cros.-es — and whenever a calf does not turn out well, or is considered defective in any particular, he is turned over to the butcher, regardless of pedigree. Mr. Beinent has made many experi- ments in cro.ssintr, — always,of course, with some parlicidar object in view. A.*, amonjj his hogs; he aitned at lull size, early maturity, easy keep, small hone, lightness of otlal, and delicacy of meat. To accomplish which, upon the well known principle in breeding, that like produces like, he took the Improved (Chinese, which is very short ami fal, with strong hair; the Leicester, which has more length : the Derbyshire, which has still greater length and more weight ; and the Neapolitan with no hair, distinguished for the quality of its flesh; out of all which, he has formed what he calls his "Medley Ureed," and which he considers superior to any he is acipiaint- eil with. In this way he has attained a weight of four hunihed ponnds, in hogs, of most capa- cious proportion, comely to behold, perfectly while, anil hair of the length and fineness almost of a New Fomidlaud dog — animals which yon at once recognize as of high caste. The best weight is the aver.ige of from two hundred and fifty to three hundred pounds, which they gain with very little feed. Think of this, in comparison with our rmity, twist-tailed, grunting, squeaking mire wallowiMs 1 ftly word for it, our friends, the Hebrews, never would have considered these an "abomination," if such had been known in their early day ! But, .again — and it illustrates how admirably Northern larmers comliine the great gratifications im the other side of the city, Mr. Prentice's and Mr. Rathbone's. If in seeing Mr, Bemeni's I had been pleased with what J considered a happy combination of agri- cultural skill and ornament, in seeing the others, certainly I was much more so since the propor- tion of ornament was innrh greater. Mr, Pren- tice's, called " Mount Hope," which is the first you come to, and which has a distance of only about a mile and a lialf from the State Hotise, ihc centre of the city, is a fuTn boyoud .dl praise. I'.njoying a superb position on the high bank of the Hudson just above Van Kenssalaer Island, cultivaii.'d with a richness that excites adiuira- tiou, adorned with costly taste, nothing cramped, all indicating profusion, high keep, and the most gracefid control of nature, I know not how to condrn.-^i! any altempt at the description of the place. Without havingseen the suburbs of Bos- ton, which you know have much reputation for similar adornmiMit, I thonght when I first stood in the hall of Mr. Prentice's house,] had seen no such villa in this country. One not the least gratifying of the evidences of well-chosen expen- diture which I saw around me, was the work of a young sculptor hy the name of Rrown, a native of Albany, who has executed lor i\lr. Prentice, in marble, four pieces representing the seasons — all indicating, I thought, talent — one of which particularly, accorded with my taste. But here again I must omit description. When we drove to the door, Mr. Prentice was not at home, but upon the touch of a strong bell, soon came up tioin his hay meadow, — a hale, well-bronzed, ac- tive, temperance-looking filmier, certainly not more than seven-and-thirty years old. I asked Mr. liement how he came by bis money. " By steady industry," said he. "I remember him a few years ago, a boy in Alh:u\y, peddling fur raps." Untbrtunately for n.s, the large stock of blooded cattle loi- which Ibis farm has beim particularly, known, has recenily been broken up by public sale. Some of those, however, that were sold, yet remain, and among those reserved, I saw the litmoiis Durham mother of all, "Matilda," and the bulls " Fairfax" and "O'Conneil," the former of which has taken the first premimn wherever he has been exhibiled. An animal of more mas- terly size, substance and power, yon can scarcely conceive of. 1 know not what to compare liim to, except a line of battle-ship. It is the opinion of both Mr. Beinent and Mr. Prentice, that Ihe Ayrshii'e breed of cattle is better suited to Vir- ginia than the Durham; the one is much lighter than the other, but the ipiantity of milk is great- er in proportion to the amount of food required; although the Ayrshire will give but sixteen quarts in a day. I was pleased lo hear that iMr. Ilaxwell and IMr. Wright, w\\o were lately here, had sup- plied themselves with a choice selection from both Durham and Ayrshire. After passing through the groi;nds and stables of Mr. Prentice, he accompanied lis to " Kinwood," the residence of Mr. Joel Kalhbone, adjoining his own. \:\en; again was an adornment still exceeding what I had before seen. The house is a Goihic cottage, on the |)lan of one, with the exception of the tower, which I remember to have admired in " Downing's Cottage residences." All the rooms open from a circular hall, and sure 1 am, I have never entered a house which so completely look captive my fancy. The expenditure is greater, more of ornament is brought together, than at " Mount IIo|ie ;" the styles are different, anil no doubt ihe objucls coiilemplaled diverse ; but, in admirable coincidence of building, liirniture, and luxurious finish, I doubt whether yon would find in America the superior of " Kinwood." It was a regret to us that the liimily of Mr. Rathbo-ie were not at home, Mr. Prentice neveiiheless, with the confidence of a neighbor, look us through the lower circle of apartments. We had intend- ed a visit to Mr. William H. Sotham's slock, at a farm not fir lieyotid,anil which, perhaps equally with any others, arc noted for their size, symme- try, pedig'ree, thrift and productiveness, but even- ing came on with too fiist a pace. From the style of their residences and the description 1 give, you might conjecture these geullemen lobe urislucrals : nothing could be fiirther from the truth, and I dare say, they would feel offended if the term were applied lo them. They show plainly enough, that in putting on the gentleman ihey had no idea of putting by the workingman. Among farmers, there are no secreis in business. Willi a real catholicity of spirit, ihey impart iheerfiilly what they know; and if it happens lliat thcv meet with one, like myself, who knows nothing, but who yet manifests a disjiosiiion to learn, the cheerfulness is increased, and displays itself in a more enthusiastic language, as if the enjoyment of imparting were fresher. BoTs — THEIR (;ausk AND CURE. — A writer in the Boston Cultivator is of opinion, that the in- sects, found in the stomach of the horse, are not llieprimarycan.se of his disease, but the pres- ence of the grub, is owing to the horse being previously in a sickly condition. Ho affirms that a sickly horse will be found with a hundred limes as many eggs of the bot-fly, (tKs^-iis ff/u?) upon his legs and other parts of the body which he can reach with bis tongue, as a well one ; and argues that the instinrt of' the fly leaches her to deposit her eggs where, when batched, they will find the most suitable nourishment, and that this is fiiiMid in the stoiiiav-b, vheie lliere is more or less putridity. HeiKte, by way of reiuoving the first cause, of disease, by keeping tke. stomach in a healthy condition, he recftinmends the constant supply of sail, as a preventive ifiat may be deiieiided on. This, he says, and generous food and treatinent, will convince the % that there is no proper re- ceptacle for liev b^•ood in such a well organized stomaidi. Tile gretU liordley relates, when he resided at bis f(rst farm, which was situated inland, his lionscs were always infi^sted by hots; but on returning to the margin of a tide river, where they drank salt water, no more symptoms were ever known. " An ouiu-e of prevention is worth a I'onnd of cure.;' Another writer in the stitne paper recommends a cure, which he thinks effectual in all cases, if applied liefore the bots have eaten through the coats of Ihe stomach, a strong decoction of' black tea. The proportions be uses are a quarter of a pound of tea, to tliiee pints of boiling water. Cincinnati PorH Business. A correspondent of the Boston Traveller, wri- ting from Cincinnati, Ohio, under date of No- vember 29ltli, gives the following description of the way tiiey do business in the pork line in that great Port-opolis of America; — Just think of killing — packing down and send- ing off to other markets — (wo hundred and fiflij thousand bogs in the space of two or three months — and you think of what we see every winter. Would yon like to look into one of our pork- houses.' Come with ine a few moments. First, let us step out to the outskirts of the city and witness the bincliering process. A set of hands for ibis bloody work, consists of twelve men, all "capacious of such things." The tubs and benches anj Itooks, &c., 1 need not describe. The process begins in the yard, which is crowded full of hogs, an j you see two men knocking them in the head with their axes, as fast as they can strike, lilosv alter blow. The same men slick the throat, and then another pair with their hooks and ropes, haul him into the scalding tubs and out again. Then another couple take off the nio.st of" tiie hair and pass him on to the next couple. These (inisli the scraping and cleaning, and slide him on to their next neighbors. They open and remove the insides, and two others take him from their bands and bang him up. And all this in about as little time as I have taken to tell you of il. The poor creature has hardly time lo stop snuealiug, before be is completely dressed a|iil hung up to cool. Yon can imagine the rale i\t wUioh the business is despatched when 1 tell you that a day's work for such a set of hands varies iVom /ice hundred to nine hundred hogs, according to the pressure. How mucli this is like oiir exploits at hog killing when 1 was a boy among the hills of the Granite Slate. The day for bulcheiing hogs was one of the eras that marked the progress of events at the farm house. You know they come along in succes- sion, say, — Thanksgiving, corn husking and hog killing. In some fiimilies, the school master, who " boarded round " — was not permitted to come till after hog killing. That day was ushered in by an tmnsually early call of the old gentle- man at the foot of the chamber stairs, " Boys be up and set the kettles to healing." Perhaps some six, eight or ten lusty jiorkers had eaten their last supper. About as many hands young and old as there were hogs, were engaged liir the oc- casion, especially one or two remarkably skilful with the knife. Well, I need not detail the pro- cess. It was a liard day's work to dress ihe dozen hogs and put them in the cellar. Just about as much like the wholesale slaughtering we see here, as my mother's spinning wheel and loom were like one of your Lowell fiictories. But I beg your pardon, I had forgotten I had w™»^'*--'miiiriiii !■ 'ir» fvi-r~-~"' - '^-°-^' KJt^^xses7t&siimiSKiiii.S!S^i^-ji ISO (ill)c imnur'a iHont!)hj I'tsitor. lukcii von to a Oiiicituinti poiU-h'iiise. Here lue iwo men uiigijiii;.' tin; liojrs as lliey aie liroiiglit ill, tl)eii two oiliers lUiovv llieiii ij|joi) ii tiuyc hlock, I)}' llie sidu ol' vvliicli stand «iih iiiiiiieiise cleaveiM, wliicli it i: liiisiness lo swiiij; tVoiii inoriiiii;: till iiiirlit. Tlio first blow ul" tin; cleaviu- 6i;i(:is tin; liuail I'luiii till! body, anil tlic body in twain. Not iiioii; tlian two strokes fiom oacli arc given, wbt-n ibo |iiere.s are passed on lo another s<;t, who . saiisly our lim ger, and to keep us decent and warm, are easily bad. 'I'licn, what merit is there in thinoil and exhaus- tion of your •• iiidiisliious I'armersr" They liuy two others, their mo"iiey mo dear, do ibey iiol ? with prema- tlieir only ; lure old age, and broken health for ii.oiiey and great crops. .And is not your res'.l.ess, thrilty mall far behind the la.sy go-aiiy-buw sort of citizen ? In the lir.st pVact; lie i.s not .so goed a husband, il' h!; gets married at all. When he comes in lioni work, if the dinner is not ready, be is apt to lic^ ill iiaiiired: he is good liir noth- ing after working all day, and beliire his eyes are open be is out of bed. In Uouie those who had large liimilies of children were rewarded by the State, and these marks of disiiiictioli alwajs li;ll to idle btisbands, who were uoiorions i'or their *asy temper." and coijugal a.ifcctian. 1 ijiusx pay a tribute to idieiiciss, and say no more. The tiest of statesmen, legislators, and diplomatists, aud stddiers, have been the inactive : llie ulryidgements of lalior have arisun from a reluclance lo work, and can th»,re remain a uonbt that the be.st husband, and farmer is he who gets up late aud lelires earlv ? A f.Alnx'Estown h)Li:i{. Analysis of SoUs. pnrpo.se of determining tin For the pnrpo.se ot determmiug the proper tions of the principal i-arlbs and organic mailer 1 there is in a soil, we have liiuiid the l()llowing course, which is the .same in substaisce as that , recommended by Pioliissnr Johnson in his essays for a rough analysis, to be sullicienlly accurate, and more easily peii'urmed than any other. — Nothing is requisite for its perf ••.(nance, but a set ot' common druggist's scales wilh grain vveiglus ; a capsule of Plalina for liurni.'ig the earth, (or a piece of sheet iron, or even an iron spoon, vvbere the plalina is not at bund,) and a Sinall i|naut!iy of murialic acid, with a common inmhler or two. Select the soil to In; expi;ri- mented upon, in such a manner that it may be a fair sample of that of which you wish to aocer- .tain the constiinenli--. IJy drying it in the air, making it tine, anil passing some of it Ihrongh a not very fine sieve a quantily lor e.\.imining is ob- tained. Take of the soil so provided one hundred grains, spread il in a thin layer on white pajier and place in an oven, the heat ol which should ■be raisqd till the paper begins to be slightly dis- colored. An hour or two should be employed in this proces.-;. L'ake jrom the paper and weif;li; the loss will be the water driven olil 'l'ake one hundrrd grains dried us above, and place them on a platiua capsule or some nntiiwied clean iron, aud heat the earth lo a dull redness, over a spirit lamp or a charcoal fire. T.ike from the iron when cool and wei^h. This will show the anioiuil of organic matter burned out, or the per cent, in the soil. 'l'ake one hundred grains of llic dried soil and mix it thoroughly willi half a pint of cidd water. To this a.dd a large lable-spoonfnl, or lialf a w ine- gla.ss of muriatic acid, and stir the mixture fre- ■ipjeiitly. It may siaiid over night lo settle; pour oft' the litpiid in the inoi iiing, and (ill the vessel with waler, to wash oil' the excess of acid. — When the water is dear, poiir il off ciirelidly, dry the soil and weigh il. The loss will show the per cent, of linit! iu the soil, aud although not rigorously accurate, will he sufficicnily so (iir ordinary purposes. To li jii.-l iiljovc iliO Mdslill TliP rosiill \v;is imiiK.'dinli' i-ciliii'liMii d!' llii; iiitlaiiiriiiillnii, .-inil I'csloriitioii dl" .■=i;;lil .•liter ;i .sc'coiiri incision. The same f;ctilkMn:iii lias rccnvi'i'i'd tlx; oycs uf [wo liorr^cs in (iic .same way, vvliicli seunic'd ('niiri'ly I'linc— oru! of llii'in liavin;,' aclnally .siiiil; in tli« head. \\'(; cnnsidor llrr ii'iiirily an I'M'i.'llcnt llr- llivor uail.ilniiivcr, rol'..r tii llii. |>i riral wlirn llie Mnciri-li invii.liTs IV rrr iiMstyrs of Sp.iin. 'I'ran ilator unkiiuwii, \, To the Gurtdalquiver. ci;-iil!:; river, fjentlv riv._r, Lol lliy i^lreanis arc stuincd with cnrv ; Many a Iiravt. ami nnltl'. captain Fluals along thy willovvod sliorc. All tii'sidc thy linip'jil waters, AU bcsidt. thy sands so brij.'ht, Mnurish chiefs and Christian warriucii Juined in fierce aiuUinortal fight, Jjurds and Dukes !Lm} noble Frinee.T On thy fatal banl\s were slain ; Fatal baiil;s that Jiave to slaimliler. All the piidt: lind ilower of .Spain. ^ There, the hero, brave Abin/.o, Full of* wound'; and plurv died : Theie, Ih'. fearleus iTdales Fell a victim by bis side. Lo I u'ltert yonder Don Savadra Thrnii.jb the sqtip.drons sl.nv retires , IVolld Sevilb- his native city, — Proud Seville his worth adnlirrE. (■lose behind a renecado Loiiflly shoiils v^•illl taiiiitiii!! en ,— '• Yield thee, 5 icld thee, IJoii Savadra : Dost thou from ths battle lly .'" "Well I iiiiow tliee l:au?ility christian : I.on5 I've lived bencalh thy roof— IHt I've ill the lisLs of glory, .■■ecii Ih.-e will th.' prize of proof. " Well I know thy aged parents. Well thy lilooniinB bride r know- Seven > ears r was thy captive, Seven years of pain and woe. *' May onr [inipliel ;;rTint my wishes — llair..bly chief, thnii shall b-' mine: Tboii sh lit drink Ih.. eiip of sorrow. Which I ilraiik when I was Ihiin ," J. ike a I. ion, turned the v.:.arrior j Hack he sent an aiisry glare : Whiazinu' eanu- tlie Moorish ja\eliii, Vainly whiz:'.iii;: llirougii tlie air. Back the llcro full of fury iSeni a deep and ni'.rl.'.l wound— Instant sunk Ih • reii'-^ado Jiule and lifeless to tin; ground. With a thousand .Moors siirronniLd, iimve .'^avadra stands at.bav :— V,"e;iried out. but ncv.^^r daunted Cold at leiijth, the w.irlior laj . Kuar liiin fijliting, irrcat Alonzo Stout resists lli. paynini binds : From his slaiiglitered steed dismounted, Finn emronched behind him stands. Furious pr.-'.is- the hostile squadrons : Fiirir.iis, lii. repels their rage ; Loss of Idood at length enfeebles— Who ran war v.ith thousands wage .' Where yon r.e-k 111 ■ plain o'crshadows. Close beneath its foot retired. Fainting sunk the bleeding hero, .\nd without n groan e.\pired. Bo\'s 1'louuiiiiNg ."Match.— At llio Newcastle Ciiuniy (Dehnv.ire) .'..::rienltiiial exhiliilion, last nionlli, lliere was a .spiriied plon;^liin;; maleli for iiiiys niider si.Mcen years (iC aye. It is tlins de- Kcrilied ! Now liilj-jwed the seeo.'id iiialrh, Iniin^' p.ntries for hoys miiler si.iiteen years ofage ; (M^'jil of whom entered. Their perluiinance was in- deed snrprisiiiL'. The lirst premium wiis won hy a lad iiy ihe niimo of Janvier; the son, as 1 imderslood, of .-i poor widow woman; and when iisked whether he wonhl have a piece of plate or its Vitlne in money, replied he would take the money ; " lie wanted it lor his mother." The second was won liy master Geor^rg Jaekson, a hoy ten years old, (a son of ftlr. IJryan .l.aeUsoii, a large farmer,) and ihonislit siii.ill of his afie. The cleiiiing up furrow of this lad exceeded any effort I ever saw of the kind hy a hoy. In ad- dition to the second premium, Mr. Podder pre- senled lo him, tlioiiirh a niemher of the eom- niitlee, lis coming from the Messrs I'roiily, wliosn plonilh he held, a lieainifnl little watch, witli I'haiii, key, Sc<-., and tin- possession of it seemed m ar.iiily llr' litll'! fellow -tiin-h, nor Wiis it .scarcely li;ss oraiifvin^', .-ipparenlly, lo the numer- ous spectators, who idl voted him Ihe (Jeneral Turn Timmli ol' the ploughing ground. M'iiiteriii^ Stock. Tlirun^honi a considerahle portion of the conntry, there is a scarcity of materi.ils on which to i'vi'i] slock the coming winter. 'I'he general warmth and moisture of Ihe alniosphere, how- ever, since the occnrreiice of rains in the hegin- iiing of aiitnnin, have ninch promoted lliegiyiwih of grass; ihns liirtnnati'ly affi)rding an opporln- iiily for grazing up to n late [leriod of the season. .And « here (ields of r\o have heen sown for the pinpose of giving l;ite fall tiiid early spring pas- turage, the liivoi'ahleiiess of the seas'-'n has proh- ahly indnced a growth uliicli will fmnish sup- port in a gre.-it degree, lo light cattle and slieep. Ve.arlii.gs, c-ilvcjs, ami sheep, may therefore he grazeil on such field.-, caie heing taken that the hite is not loo shiirt, till snmv covers the ground ; anil the spring growth may be availed of fur the s;une. purpose, to ;t longer or shortei' period, ac- conling to the iiecessnties of the farmer, or the wants of his stock. If, while the slock is feeding on rye, loo lax a slate of the howels occjnrs, as is symetin.i'.i the case, owing to the succulence of the I'VP, llin animais should ho led wilh some dry hay, and a little .salt as a condimenr, which will cheek the lendency to piirgf. Will under all circnmslaliees, (.he most econom- ical appropriation of the winters sinck of fodder, liecomes an impoitant desiiJeratum. The great aim should he ihe maiiilainence of ihe slock in proper condition witli the least expense. 'I'he iMatcritils at ihe dispo.sal of ftrmers for this pin- pose, consist usually of hay. straw of various grains, fodder ol' Indian coi n, diltiirenl vegetables in greater or less ipianliiies, wilh occasionally some meal or "mill stuffs." A general saving of till rough fijihler may be made by cutting with a iiiacliine. This saving results in various ways, some of which we will specily. 1. Coarse fod- der, such as rank hay, slitsw, or corn-stalks, are thus wrought into ti more convenient form for masiic.ition, hy wliicli animals are often iiukiced to eat ihat which would otherwise be rejected, or only ii.-irlially consumed. This is |);irlicularly Ihe ease wish clover hay, more or le.«s of wliicli is almost always wasted if lt;d in the long st.ite, bill which when passed' tlirungh a culler, if il has ln;en properly cured, is readily eaien peifeclly clean. The same remark is n|iplicable, hut in a less (legree, lo straw mid corn fodder. '2. Hy ciillin;', fodiler of inlinior ijualily may be e.i.-ily . mi.'^ed in any dewireii propoiiions wiilj thaluliicii is iielter or more p.d.itahh;, and the poorer kind thus he made to conduce to ihe animal's snppcut. Cntling also .affords a convenienl mode of mix- ing meal, shorls, or hrai', wilh fodder, hy which may be guilie.d the double advantage of inducing siock m eat less palatable articles, and of so dif- fusing the meal that ail its nutrimoni is appropri- ated liy the aniin.d. 3. B,;sides the advant.-iges above mentionid, another and not less imporlant benefit is knoun lo he derived by laboring aiii- inal.« in the additional lime it iitfords them for rest — Ihe cnlting performing in a great degree rhs work of chewing and preparation for diges- lion. This benefit is regardecl as so important by those Jiccnstonmed to feeding work iHirsesi and oxen on cul food, thai nothing wonlil induce them to disconlimie the practice. There are cases however, in which the advan- tages of cnllinu may not re(iay the expenses. If Ihe I'uod to 'oe used is wholly hay of very tine ipiality, and the stock consuming it is not re- ipiired to hilior, it might be .-jo (hd that no waste would accru!;, or nollnn;( he gained hy cutting. I!nl wherever a mixture of fodder would be ex- peilient, or meal, >.V,c., is lo he used, or working aniiinds ;hr to lie provided fijr, the advanlages of cutting vi ill he found to repay tlie expenses ten fold. In times p.isl, the writer has had some exiieri- enco in f'eeiling slock, iind has practiced various mode;; wilh a view to economizing food and cost. During season.s of scarcity of hay, a course like the following vvjis adopted wilh advantage, (iood hay and .straw, (oat and barley straw are prefer- 1 able, but wheal and rye slravv Were often used,) were cut togellierin erinal part.s. t'ii.-ilf of u heal or o.its was sometimes used instead irf siraw. This fodder was mixed wilh corn mciiT, at the rate of two (piarls of meal lo Ihe hundred of fodder, ['"irsl a layer of six or seven inches of the slraw and hay was thrown into a larger liox, spread over the bolloui, ;ind moistened wirh hot water — then the meal w;is scattered over it, and afterwards well mixed wilh forks. Olher layers were prepared in Ihe same way, initil enough was reiidy for twenty head of caltle for tweiny- fonr liour.s. It was made tin,' object to give each grown animal, (row or ox.) twenty-fi7e pnmnls of cut straw and buy every twenty I'lnir liotn's — that is, each was allowed twelve iind a half pounds of bay, the same qnarility of slraw, and a piin of meal per day. Younger an<^ siinilfer stock was fed ill proporlinn. (.'osvs giving milk, and oxen when working, had the meal increased — giving in smdi instances, two or three ipiarls per day. Sometimes rye meal, shorts, and* occasionally oil- cake were used, either by themselves or in con- nection with the corn-meal ; endeavoring to use about tlie relative ipiantitii's of each which would alford the same amount of nutriment; but as we had no definite standard, wc gave a.s nearly as practicable ec|ii;il Weights. Not the least waste allcnded ihis course of feeding, and we found .slock lo do well on it. Though not fat, llicy were in good trim, ami their coats got into fine order early in spring, so that lliey went lo grass in excellent condition. In feeding potatoes or other vegetables lo store stoi^k, where the iiuantity does not exceed half is bushel per day lo each grown cow or ox, we have usually given them at one feed in the morn- ing, after the first liidderiiig of hay. Col. J.itjues, of ,^fasc^achusetts, wlio is known as an economical feeder of stock, adojits the lid- lowing plan, which we copied sometime since from notes furnishei!' by him: '• For ;?0 cows, cut wit'i a machine 30 iiualiefs fur one feed; one-third common or English hay, one-lhird salt hay, and' one-third rye or barley straw; add 30 ipiarts of wheat-bran or shorts, and ten cpiarts of oat and corn meal moistened with water. One bushel of this inixlOrc is given to each cow in the morning, anil the same qii.-iii'- lity at noon and in the evening. In addiiion lo this, a peck of mangel wiirlzel is given lo cacfi cow per day. This mode of feeding has been found to (irodnce nearly as much milk as the best grass (i;<:i\ in si"iimer." tjtock must not hi loo iiincli .siinled in their food in the fore part of winter, nor should an attempt be made tn keep them at once on the poorer kinds of fbdiier. In the coldest weather of January and Feb 'uary their apjiclites will bo sharpest, and then tl:u poor fooder will be eaten lo best adv;iiilage. We .said their food shoidd not be stinted in tin: beginning; the re.ison is, Ihat if they are brou; hi low in tieuli in the first of the winter, they cannot stand the iiK-lemeiicy of the we.ither so well, and tliey fitil rapidly towards spring. Hence if any pinching must be done, it h;id better be deferred to the last end of the season of fiiediii^', as relief may then be shortly expected frohi the growth of grass. The greatest regnlaiity should be observed in feed- ing— always giving tire food as near as pniclicii- ble at certain fi.-;ed limes. liut no food should at any time be given lo be left — al! sliould he eaten to the last straw which is eatable. Slill, substances which are really innntricious — such as the l.irge, sour butts of corn-stalks and the woody stem.s of large weeds and coarse herbage — olionid not be given lo slock with llii^ oxpecla- lioii that they will be eaten and benefit be ile- rivtrl from them. The importance of shelter to slock must not be overlooked — it liaving been fully demonstrated that warmth is eijiiivalent lo fooil. The heat of the animal system is kepi up in the same niim- ner as flame is supported — ihal i.s, hy an union of carbon .•ind oxygen. 'I'he anim.d derives iis carbon from the food, which, having undergone digestion, is taken up by the blood and llienco conveyed lo the lungs, where by the act of res- piration, it is united with a portion of the oxygen of the atmosphere, tind heat is produced. Ex- posure to a low lemperatin-; dissipates the ani- mal huat, just as In.'al is driven off from any olher body similarly situated. It is obvious ihat the natural temperainrc of the body must be susj 182 ^l)c jTarmcr's illciiitl)hj llisitor. tained or the nninial will perish. As carhon is the only material by which this hem can be fur- nished, that substniK-e must either be su|i|)lied to the blood from the (at and muscle already formed, or the blood must obtain it through the tnediiim of food. If the food is deficient, the supply must be made up from a waste of the bodily" parts; and tlie consequence will be loss of flesh ami weight, which if long continued may cause the death of the anitiial, cither by finally cutting off the source of beat, or so weakening the system that it yields to the attack of some njalady. To sustain the animal in proper coixliiion, then, re- quires a supply of food proportioned to the degree of cold to wliicb it is exposed ; and it is there- fore obvious that by avoiding exposure to cold, we save food. — Albany Cultivalor. From the Maine Cultivator. Does Buck Wheat Improve the .Soil 1 Messrs. Editors: — Some years since while I was a subscriber to the Yankee Fartnej-, 1 was occasionally struck with the remark that buck- wheat would imjirove the soil ; in other words, that light, areuacioiis lanils in which the defect of a due cohesion among the constituent parti- cles was obvious, while at the same time (as is usually the case with the soils of this description) there is a siipcrabinidance of acid maiiilbstly present in its texture, would be regenerated siinply by sowing this grain, the only manure or stimuli required to seciue this result being lime. Now I have trietl this plan till ! am confidently persuaded it is all whim and theory, — that buck- wheat is an exhausting crop, and furthermore that it takesyi;/- moce from the soil than it returns to it, unless yoii plough in the whole crop. In this way, ivith the lime, the action of which is durable and lasting, you may possibly, in lime, effect sortie degree of improvement; but by sowing buck- wheat, simply, if the crop be harvested, you are cer- tain to effect the deterioration of the soil more rapidly than in any other way with which 1 am acquainted— the cultivation of P^ax not excepted. Yours, P. G. s. Remarks: — The amelioration of a poor soil through the agency above alluded to, depends upon many concurring circumstances which, or most of which, om- correspondent seems not to have taken into the estimate. It should ever be regarded as a fimdamcntal and incontrovertible axiom in agricidlin-e, that a crop growing and maturing its seed on the soil, necessarily dimin- ishes its fertility. Even those plants denomin- ated aerial, and which doubtless derive a large j)roportion of their nutriment from the atmos- phere, draw largely upon the mineral resources of the soil. This fact is clearly demonstrated by the following ex()eriment: If we take a plant of buck-wheat, including of course the entire structure, roots, haulm, leaves and seed, and dry it in an oven healed to the temperature of eighty-six degrees, Fahrenheit, we shall find that it will yield about fom- [)er cent, of ashe.s. These ashes submitted to the operation of the analytical chemist will be fbunii to be composed of twenty-nine i)arls of potass salts, forty-five parts of lime and magnesia salts, and twenty-six parts of silic.i, or sand. Now it is an established principle in vegetable physiol- ogy that a soil to be fertile in the pi(}duction of any given product, must contoin the mineral matters found in the ashes of that product, whether it be root or grain. By the idiove ex- ' perimentthe reader will perceive that buck wheat though ordinarily classed by praclical nurnfrs as a non-exhansler, di^prives the soil chiefly of its lime and magnesia salts. These are valuable constituent.s, and are oper- ative in some di.'gree, either directly or collater- ally, in the sustenance of a variety of crops; thr in wheat we find that in one hundred pints there is no less than twelve per cent, of lime, and fifty- one per cent, of silica or sand; so that in the grain of wheat, to say nothing of other constilu ents, we have two of the constituent elements of buck wheat, both of which arc derived ex- pressly from the soil. Our correspondent is right in bis corollary respecting the "turning in" of this crop. On nmsl s(iils Jio method of speedy im|irovetncnt has hetMi fomiil more snccessfnl than this. We do not know as we have ever been brought ,-iC(pininti',d vvilli im experiment ijj which Ihi; rcsidt has not amply realized the ex- pectations of the oxperimenter. On old fields, the productive energies of which have been re- duced by injudicious cro|)ping. its operations have been wonderful. Wheat — heavv crop. — S. M. Brown, of El- bridge, Onondaga Co. New York, harvested over 400 bushels of fine white flint wheat, fiom eight acres, the present season, lie ascribes a pait of his success to a dressing of three bushels of salt per acre. Single experiments, however, are as a matter of course, insiifScient to deteriiiinej)ointB of this nature. Sdccessfiti- experiment with grass seed- ing.— A New Jersey correspondent of the New York Farmer and Mechanic, states the following experiment :— lie first procured, fiom ditterent sources,sixty loads of muck,and rotted leaves from the woods; it was exposed to the fiiist of winter, and the rain and sun of summer, till after mid- summer, when three hogsheads of unslacked lime were mixed with it. When properly healed, it was put on three acres of turf ground, which had been newly turned over, and rolled down. The manure was well harrowed in, rye and grass seed were sown, and the land again well har- rowed and rolled. The siihsequenl product was two tons of hay to the acre, where previously not half a tim was cut. This affords anollicr proof of the great advantage of the thorough intermix- tiu-e of the manure with the soil. Thorough and repeated harrowing should always be given im- rnedialdy after spreading manure, even where it is intended to turn it under with the plow. Grinding horse food. — The London Agri- cnltiu-al Ga7,elte states that two horses, every way equal, were allowed each ,5 lbs. of oats daily, and enough hay, amounting to about 17 lbs. per day. For one horse the oats were crushed, for the other not. 100 parts of the dung of each horse were examined chemically on the fourth day; that from the horse fed on cinshed oats contained no nutritive matter, but merely woody fibre, mixed w itb secretions and salts. In that fiom the other horse, one quarter per cent of nutritive matter, consisting of starch and gluten was foimd — arising from the inability of the horse to perform perfect mastication, and which must vary with age and rapidity of feeding. No diflerence was found in the dung from chopped and uncliopped hay, though the ease of eating the latter and consequently greater rest obtained, was a decided advantage. Fatting Swine.— There is sound sense in the the following, taken from an old work, called "Countrie Farm." The more quiet and com- forlable hogs are ke|it, the more rapidly will they take on fat: — "The hogs which you intend to keep in and to fat, shall not come forth at their stye, being alone and fiee fiom others, neither shall they have any light but at the door, which is made to go in at, for to dress them. The care about these is not so great as other cattle, except- ed only the keeping of them clean, and knowing how to make them good meat, so long as until they are fill, lor after that they will lose every day some of iheir meat, for they are sometimes seen to heap such quantiiies of fat upon their liv(; flesh, as ihat there are some hogs fuund a foot and a half thick of lard." Potatok Rot. — In this section we have heard but little cturipla'.nt in referenc^e to th(^ disease or rot in the potatoe, this year, till since the crop was harvested. In some other neighborhoods Ino, wi: hav(^ lipard that heavy losses have been sustained by the polalocs having rotted .-iiice they WfV: dug, though "liile the crop was gnmingit exhibited generally a healthy a|ipcaranci'. The Boston ]>apeis make complainis ol' polatiies jot- ting nuich in the cellar.s, and williiu a lew days we have heard of m.iny having rotted in this vicinity. .Some kinds seems to have sulVercd more than others — the very excellent kind cidled Carters ap)iear, from slatements we have heard, to be more inclined to rot than olher.s, A gentleman in this vicinity who raised this kiml quite largely, has lost half his crop since they were put in the cellar. The Shakers, located at Watervli('t, also raise the Carters largely. They infbnned us a few days since lhat they had lost from *(!00 to .<peiimciits in science tind the various arts. itis simple improvement in the (•oustrnction of chimnies was introduced by ma- ny of the nobility and commoners in and about London — a jirinciple so easy to he understood that we have always" considered it a matter of surprise that every [M'tictical master mason did not at once instruct his apprentice how to make a flue that would not spoil a bouse with smoke. Ill 1802, Count Rnmford removed to Paris. — Although retaining his Britisb predilections, and entertaining liltle sympathy for the French revo- lution, he preliirred that as the better climate, and the people of France as better suiting bis taste for science. Here he soon married the widow of tbe great chemist Lavoisier, and pur- chased a be.aulif'nl seat at Anteiii'l, fmir miles fioni Paris. His marriage was unlbrtniiate, niether party siiiiiiig tbe taste of the other, — With this second wife he lived but a short (jme. He enjoyed fiom the Duke of Bavaria a pension of Ji 1200, eipial to .'fitJOOO [leraniHim: he must also have hiid a |>eiisioii of half pay from the British government. A man of so imich system, a philosophical economist, must have had abnn- daiil iiietms of living at baud, and the good t'ov- lune to acciunulatc an estate. The means at hand at the time of this writing, away from home, for ascertaining the amount of bis accn- mnlaiion and the disposition of bis property be- fore his death are nnfoitunately i'uw. The Countesi^, who contemplates presenting to llie public now facts in relation to her (iitlier, may in due time, gratify the ptiblic curiosity in regard to-- a man so distinguished who resided amongst us at a period so remote as not to be within the personal recollection of half a dozen people within the limits of the town. That he bad a regatil lor this place of his short residence, Sm . evident from the liict that be chose the aiiciciit name of the town as the cognomen by which he was known mi Europe — the title under which he best bears a scientific reputation, exceeded by few of the savans of the last century. He spent his lime in Frani-e in cultivating and adorning his domain, and in numerous philosophical ex- periments and inventions, the results of which were generally commnnicated to the world through the published proceedings of the French Academy of Arts and Sciences. He died in August 1814, having resided twelve years in I'^rauce. The estrangeiiieiit to his native country which ■xnmMMmM 184 (^l)c jTanijcr's iHontl)li) bisiton kept ii|i a conliniial abseiiCf, fVoin liie close of ilie war of llie icvolmloii, we have gieiit reason 10 rei;iet. He was a kcIiooI-IcIIdw and towns- man of the late Loainmi Baldwin, sunior, the |iiojeetor and en^'ineer of tliat (irsl ijieat under- taking of the kind in this country, tiie Michllescx Canal, whieli unites the wulersof tlio Merrinjack, the Concord and Charles rivers in the Boston harhor, a |jrojt;ct then of •rreater ningnitude in (iroporlion to means, than would he a railroad at this lime, all the distance from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. Mad the Count stood in any friendly relation to this country and its institu- tions, he might have been of immense benefit to the great objects of melioration and itnprove- ment, returning here among us, which have long lingered. He was evidently a tnun before his time, ere he left this country. An aged citizen of this town some twenty years ago, showed us a volume u|>on the higher niathemalics which Benjamin Thompson used while here as a teach- er: its blank pages and margins were filled with calculations in algebraic and other figures in his hand-writing. Few, very few, are the personal memorials which he has here left: the matlie- niuticul book is not now in possession of the (ler- son who then held it. We found in the library of Congress at Wash- ington, what we had in vain inquired for at the book-stores in Boston, the first volume of "Es- says, Political, Economical and Philospphicaj, by Benjamin Count Rumford, Knight of tlie orders of the White Eagle and St. Stanislaus; Cham- berlain, Privy Coimsellor of State, and Lieuten- ant-General in the Service of His Most Serene Highness the Klector Palatine, Keigning Duke of Bavaria ; Colonel of his Regiment of Artil- lery, and ComiTiander in Chief of the General Sliifi' of his Army; Fv R. S. Acad. Jl. Hiber. Berol. Elec. Boicte, Palat. et. Amer. Soc." Hav- ing passed three editions in London, this work bears the impririt of '■ Mimiiiug anil lAirinir, Bos- ton, March 179ti." We were exceedingly interested in the perusal of that part of Count Romford's Essays opening Willi llie Prevalence ol Mendicity in }3avaria,and the Measures tor its suppression, which origina- ted and were carried out through his persever- ance and exertions. The whole of this first es- say would he too long to be exiractetl for a num- ber of the Visitor. VVe will however copy from the volume siicli proniiin-nt portions of it as can- not fail to be interesting to the people of this country at this time. These volumes merit a republication by some of our hook-sbllers : lar more interesting and ten ihonsand times better in a practical apiiliiiation would Iliey he to the A- rnerican reader, ijian most of the ephemeral works of limey or fiction which find so ready a sale through the country. "Should auld ac- ijuaintance he forgot-'" And are we not really in danger, with the use of llie musical composi- tions whose merits have long outlived their au- thors; are wi- not in danger of passing Ibe works of Milton and Shakespeare, AdiJisiMi, and Gold- eiinilb, into l<)rgetliilness in the swarming of pre- sent jiroduetions which can hardly live to Iw; re- perused ? F.X-JT. ICTS KRO.II ItU.'.IfunD's F.SSAV*. Prevalence of Mendu:il;i in Bavaria. ".^nioiig tliii various inr.-iMiies that occnrre'd to me by which tlu; military eslablisliment of the country might be mndo subservient lo the |Md)lii^ good in lime of pe:ic<', luint- ;i|)pcared lo ln^ of ^o iiiiicb iiiiporlanre as iliat of employing the army ii> cl-jaring the conulry of lie-^gais, thieves and other v.igalioml.- ; and in waldiing over the I'libliir tranipiility. " But in oriler to c-lear the country of beggars, (the number of whom in Bavaria had become ipiite intolerable) il was nei'essary to adopt gen- eial anil dficacions measures for maimaining and supporting the poor, l-nws were not wauling to oblige eaeli comtnunily in the conulry lo provide for its own )ioor; lint tlieso laws had been so long neglected, anil beggary had become so gen- eral, llial exiraordinaiy inca-'iires, and the most indefaiiualili' r.\erlioiis, weri! necessary lo put a slop lo this evil. Tin; immher of ilineranl beg- gars, of both sexes, and all ages, as well foreign- ers as natives, who slrolled iiliiiiit the country In all directions, begging contributions from the in- ilustriotis inhabitaiil(<, stealing and robbing, and leading a life erf indolence, and the most shame- less debauchery, was quite incredible; and so numerous were the swarms of beggars in all the great towns, and particularly the capital, wo great their impudence,and so persevering their impor- tunity, that it was almost impossible lo cross the streets without being attacked, tmd iibsolniely forced to satisfy their clamorous demands. And these beggars were in general by no means such as ii-om age or bodily infirmities were unable by their labor to earn their livelihood ; but they were lor the most pari, stout, strong, healthy, sturdy beggars, who, lost to every sense of shame, had embraced llie profession from choice, not neces- sity ; and who, not unfrequently, adding inso- lence and threat to their importunity, extorted ihat from fear, which they could not procure by their arts of dissimulation. " These beggars not only infested all the sircels, public walks, and public places, but ihey even made a practice of going into private houses, where they never failed lo steal whatever fell in their way, if they found the doors open and no- body at home; and the churches were so full of them, that it was quite a nuisance, and a public scandal during the perlbrmnnce of divine ser- vice. People at their devotions were continually interrupteil by them, and were frequently obliged to satisfy their demands, in order to finish their prayers in peace tind quiet. '• In short, these detestable vermin swarmed every where, and not only their impudence and clamorous importunity were without any bounds, hilt they had recourse lo the most diabolical arts, and most horrid crimes, in the prosecution of their infamous trade. Young children were stolen from their parents by ihesiS wretches, :inil their eyes put out, or their tender limbs broken and distoried, in order, by exposing them thus maimed, to excite the pity and commiseraiion of the public ; and every species of artifice were made use of lo jigitate the sensibility, and to extort the contributions of the humane and char- itable. "Some of these iiionsters were so void of all feeling as to expose even their own children, naUerl, and almost starved, in the streets, in order, that, by their cries and unaffected expressions of distress, they might move those who passed by to pity and relieve them ; and in order to make lliein act their part more naturally, they were nnmercifiilly beaten when they came home, by their inhuman parents, if they did not bring vviih them a certain sum, which they were ordered lo collect. " Bill the evils arising tVimi the prevalence of mendiciiy did not stop hei'e. The public, woi ir oiii and vanquished by the numbers and perse- verance in imporliiniiy of the beggars; and fre- qnently disa|qiointed in their hopes of being re- lieved fiom their depredations, liy the fiiiliire of the numberless schemes that were foriiieil and set on loot li)r that purpose, began at last to con- sider the case as quite desperate ; and to submit patienlly lo an evil for which they saw lio rem- eily. The conseqiiencesi of this submission may easily be conceived; the beggars, encouraged by their success, were attached slill tiune stiongly lo iheir iiif-iiiioiis iirolession ; and oilier.-, allured by thi'ir indolent lives, encouraged by their stic- cisslid frauds, and embnldened by their impnnity. joined ihi'iii. The habit of snbiiiissioii on the part of the public, gave them a sort of right to IMiifiie their depredations; — Iheir growing niim- lieis, and llii.'ir success gave a kind of eclat lo ilieir profession; and tin; habit of hi'ggiiig he- riiitie so geiii'riil, thai it ceased to liv eiiii>iilereil as inliimoiis; and, was, by degrees, in a manner interwoven with the iiiiernal regulations of soci- ety. Herdsmen and shepherds, who .-illended their flocks by the road-side, were known to de- rive considerable ailvanlage from ihe conlribii- lions which their situation enabled them to levy from passengers; and I have been assured that the wages they received lioni iheir (Miiployers were often regul.iled a<'conliiigly. Tl.i: children in every country village, and llioso even ol" Ihe best farmers, made a constant praclice of beg- ging fi'om all strangers who passed ; ••ml one hardly ever met a person on fool upon ihe road, particularly a woman, who did not hold out her h.'ind and ask liir charily. "What has been said will, 1 fancy, be ihonglit quite sullicient to show the necessity of apply- ing H remedy to the evils described ; and of iii- Iroductng order and a spirit of industry among the lower classes of the people. 1 shall there- fore inoceed without any iiirlher preface, lo give an account of the measures which were adopted and irarried into execution for that purpose." Preparations made for pulling an end to Mendiciiy in Bavaria "As considerable sums were necessary lor the support of such of the poor as, fiom iige or olher bodily infirinilies, were unable by iheir iniliislry, to provide for their own subsislence; and as there were no public liinds any way ade- quate to such an expense, which could l;e applied to this use, the success of the measure depended entirely upon the volunlary subscriptions of the inhabitants ; and in order to induce these lo sub- scribe lilierally, il was necessary to secure their approbation of the plan, and iheir confidence in those who were chosen ni carry it into execiiiion. And as the niimhers of beggars were so great in Munich, and their imporlunily so very Ironble- some, there could haie. been no doubt but any sensible plan for remedying this evil would have been gladly received by the public ; but they had been so often disappoinled by Iriiilless allempts from time to lime made fur that pin pose, that ihey began lo consider the enlerp'ise quite impossible, and to consider every proposal tor providing for the poor and prevenling nicndicily as a mere job. "Aware of this 1 took my measures accor- dingly. To convince the public that the scheme was feasible, 1 delerinineil first by a great exer- tion, to carry it into compleie cxecniion, and then to ask them to support it. And to secure iheir confidence in those em|jloYed in the management of it, persons of the highest rank and most res- pectable character were chosen to snperihteiid and direct the atiiiirs of the institution ; and every measure was taken thai could lie devised lo pre- vent abuses, " In order 10 fix the confidence of the pnlilic upon Ihe most (inn and immovealde basis, ..nd to engage their good will and chei.'rfnl assistance in support of tbe measures adoplej, the citi/ens were invited to lake an active and honorable part in the exicntion of the plan, and in the direction of its most interesting details. "Before I proceed to give a more particular account of the funds ol this insliuition, and of the appliciilion ol' them, it will be necessary to mention the pnparations ivhicb were made for furnishing employment to the poor, and the means which were used for reclaiming them from their vicious liabil,-^ and rendering theui in- diisli ions and useful snhjects. .\iiil thiswas cer- tainly the most diliicnli, as well as the most i-uvi- ous and inlere.-ting pail of the uiiilertaking. To trn^t raw inati rials in the hands of coinmoii beg- gars, cerlainly ri'i|niied great c.'iiilioii and luan- agemeiit; — but to produic so total and radical a change in the morals, manner.", and cnstoiiis of this dehauclieil and abanduned race, as wan necessary lo render ihi-ni oidd'y nnil nseliil members of suciely, will natuially be consiikred as an arduous, if not impossible, enterprize. In llii.-i I siiccecdrd ; — lor the prool' of this (In i, I appeal to the llouilshing stale of the difli rent nauuiliiclories in which these poor people are now enipIo\ cd, — lo I hen' orderly and pcariliil deiiieaiior — m iheir duel (illness— lo their ioilos- try. — to their ilesire la excel which maiiilisls itself ainoiig them u|)oii all occasions, — and lo the very air of iheir ceuiuenauccs. Strangers, who go lo see this iiistiiMruin, (.iiid there are very few who pass Ihrongh .Mniiidi, \^ ho do not take that trouble) cannot siilllcienlly express their sur- prise at the air of happiness and conielilment which riigns lluoughont every p,'ul of this cx- stensive estahlishmeni, and can Ih-irdly be per- snailcil, that among those ihey see so chei rl'ully engaged in llial inliMi;sliiig scene of indnsiry, by far ihe greater part were, live years ago, the most miserable and most worthless beings, — common beg^'ars in the street. " Bv far the greater number of the poor peo- ple lo he t.iken can; ol were not only common beggars, but had been bred up from their very inliuicy lo that prolr>sion ; and were so allached to their indoleni and dissnliile way of living, a- lo preltr il to all other situations. They were not only imacqiiainlcd wilh all kinds ol' work, hut had the most iiisuliirable aversion to honest labor; and had so long been familiarized wilh ^[)t iTarmcv's iHouthlij biLntov. 185 every oiiiiic, iliey Imd liecome perlijclly callous to all bielise of slianio and rciiiorsf. "To make viiioiiti nml iiliaiiilonril |ic<>|)le liap- ]iy, it has (^eiieially liei^ii supposed necessary: lisliiiieiil Ims existed, not a blow Iiub lieeii ttivoii to luiy one; not even lo a (-IdUl liy his iushiic- fi'rsl to make iheni viriuou-i. I$iit why not re-\ Account of the lakitig up of the Be/^gars at Munich verse lliis order? Wliy not make tliem (irsl happy, and iIumi virtuous? IT happiness and virtue be inse/iiiiable, the end will he as reriaiidy obtained by the one nielhod as hy the (Jtlier ; and it is most uudonhledly much easier lo contribute lo the happiness mid c-uud'orl ol' persons in a slate of poverty and misery, lliau hy admonilions null pimishnieuts, to reliirui their morals. " Deeply sIrueU with the importance of ihis truth, all my measures were taken accordiufily. I'^very thing was done that ct to second me in ihis busiiu\--.--, dispersed into diiPere:!! pails of die town, ami wilh ihe assistance of llie m.li- lary. which lliey found every where Wfillng for (Uilcrs, llie lowii was so thoroughly cleared ol' hej:gars in kss than an liour, th.il not one w.is to few good spinners of those iinicles were engaged n.s instructors; hut by far tin- giealer miinber of the poor began with spinning of hemp ; and so great was their awkwardness at first, that they absolutely ruined almost all the raw ninlerials that were put into iheir liand.». 15y an exact cal- ciilntion of profit and loss, it was found lli.it llie manulaclory actually lost more iliaii 3,000 florins upon ihe articles of hemp and flax, ibiring Ihe first three mouths; but we wcue noi discouraged by these unfavorable beginnings: they were in- deed easy lo be foreseen, considering the sorl of people we hud lo deal with, and how necessary il was to pay them ul a very high rale for ihe lil- lle work they were able lo perlbrm, in order to keep up their courage, am! indnf-e them to per- sevi're wilh eheerfnlness in acipiiring mort^ skill and address in iheir labor. 11 Ihe esiablisli- ment was supported at some lilile expense ill the begiimiug, it afterwards richly repaid these ilisadvanlages. "During the fir.«it three or fi)ur davs, that these poor people were assembled, it w.is iiol jio.ssihio entirely to prevent cuufiision : there was nolhiug like mulinous resismnce among them; but their silualion was so new lo llieiii, and lliey were so very awkward in it, that il was diflicnit to bring them iulo any tnlerahle order. .\l lenglb, how- ever, by dislribniing llieiu in llie diii'erent balls, and assigning lo each li's parlicniar place, (llie places all being disliiiguished hy nuinbi'is.) lliey were brought into such order as to enable the inspeciors, and instructors, to begin their opera- tioii.s. "'I'liose who uiiderslood any kind of work, were placed in ibe aparlmeiils where the wiirk they understood was carried on ; and the others being ela.'-sed accoiiling lo iheir sexes, and as much us possible according lo llirir ages, were placed nmler ihe immediate care of llie difliorenl iuslruelors. By much ibe luigr.r number were put to spinning hemp ; oihers, and purlicniarly ihe young children from linir lo seien years of age, were t.iuglit lo kiiii, and lo sew; ami the niosl awkwaid among the men, and (larticularly ibe old, Ihe lame, and llie infirm, were put to carding of wool. Old women, hIioso sight was loo weak to stiiu, or wlio.^e hands iremhh (I " illi palsy, were m;idu' lo spool _\;uu for the svcuvers; and young children, who were loo weak to la- bor, were placed upon seals eiecled fiir that purpose ruuud the roniii- w here oilier ehihheii worked. "As it was winter, firi's were kept in every part of ihe building, from inoi hing lill uiglil ; ami all the rooms were lighted up lill nine o'- aud llie kindest usage from every person, from the highest lo ilie lowest belonging lo the estab- lishment. Mere in this asylum for tiie indigent and uufortuuate, no ill usage, — no harsh language is ponnilted. During five years ihal the estab- Emphjmi nt pivcn lo the /?tgg-"r,t vpun their l/einir assembled at Ihe House of Indialrxj. '• As by fir the giealer purl ol these poir cic-i- lures were loi.dly unacqiiainled wilh evciv kind of nseliil labor, it was ueces.-ary lo give Ihem such work, al fust, as vv;is very easy lo he per- I'ornied, and in which the raw materials were ot liule value; and linn, by d.'grees, as ihey be- came more adroit, lo employ ihem in munnfac- iuiini» more valuable arlicles. ".As hemp IS a very cheap couimodiiy, and as the S|)iuning of hemp is very easily perfiirmed, particularly when it is designed for very coarse and ordinary inanufacliires, l.j.UOO p ids of ihat article were iinrcbr.scd in the I'alaliuale, and transported lo Ajunich; and several hundred s|iiiiiiing whi-els proper for spinning il.uere pro- vided ; and several good spinners, as iuslruelors, were engaged, anil in readini'.ss, when this home of industry was opened for the reception of the jioor. "Flax and wool were also piovided, and some clock in ihe evening. I'Aery room and slaircase w.-is neatly swepi and eleaiii d twice a day ; once early in the morning before the p< iiple were as- sembled, ami once while they were at dinner. Care was taken, by placing veiililalor.s, and oc- casionally o|)eiiii g llie windows, lo keep the air of the rooms perfecily sweet, ami fr.e from all disagreeable smells ; and llie rooms were not oiilv Iheinselves neally whiU'-".isbeil and filled lip, and arranged in every respect wilh elegance, bin care wus t.ikeii to clean I In- windows very ofleii ; — to clean lie courivnil every day; — and even lo clear aw.iy the lubhish fiimi ibe sireetin front imds of former vibrations must first he stilled, otherwise no har- mony can be produced; hot when the instrument IS ill order, the note? rnnnot fail to ai>s\Ter to the touch of n skilful master. "Though every thing was done that cwdd I>e devised to impress the luiiids of all those, old and young, who frer(iiented this establishment, with sncli sentiments as were necessary in m\'>er to their hectmiing good anil useftrl mEmhcra pf society ; (and in these attempts I was certainly successful, much beyond my most sanguine ex- pectations,) yet my hopes vyere chiefly idaced on the rising generation. "The ehildreii, therefore, of the poor, were oh- jecls of rny peculiar care and attention- To induce their parents to send them to tfris estah- lishment, even hefore they were old enough to do any liind of work, ulirn they attended at the regular hours, (hey not only received their din- ner g-cff/i's, hut ea;n portion of whicli did not come up iit all : at the time of the first hoeing llie avera^re "as not more than one sialli to a hill. White lieans «pio planted to supply their place. These i:rc« inxinianlly, prodncing at the close of the season aliont thirty hnshels. And the corn, delicK'nt as it was in the recpiisito niindier of stalks, hrancli- ed ont so us to yield all of filiy hnshels to the acre. The po'tatoes for the last year were planted three weeks earlier than ha from lime tweiii\-live .acres to which it li.is heiMi ap- plied. Lini'', salt, leached and unleached ashes, nd plaster, are excellent ingredients to mix in Ihe compost heap. The ter, an agriciillural paper, at Kicliiiiond, V'a., is conducted with signal ability ,ind useful- ness hy Chari.es T. Botts, Rsip, a genlleinan whose tastes have led him lo explore and devel- ope the hidden treasures of didlMent soils, and to illiistiate, and hiiiisell' iiiveul, valuable labor- saving iiiacliinery. Mis efTorls have awakened a new interest in the fi-rlile and delightful coimliv of the .James river. Old prejudices have heeii oveiiiirncd, experiments have' heen tried and i!;e subject has gained an importance in the esliiiia- lioii of the whole community which it has never before possessed. These efforts, in ii.y opinion, are to have an important [iractical hearing upon the subject of slavery. When labor comes to be considered by every class not only respectable, but honorable, to ail, and a highly improved sys- tem of agriciihure produces' liinr or five times as miieli profit as the present iinperfeet practice, then the good people of \irgiiiiii, and oilier Stales, will adopt iiieasiircs to ri-lieve themselves of an evil which 1 am confident lliey already ap- preciate, and which is contrary to the I'noial sense of every refleetiiig being. 'No State in the Union, probably, olVers more advantages to the farmer than \'irginia. Let her do away with this peculiar system, as recent efliirts by her own sons seem to promi.-e, and thousands of the en- terprising and moral liirmers and artisans of ihe Noithern Slates would soon people her leilile valleys and liesh and beanlirul hills. 'J'liey would gather up the waters that now run waste down the hill-sides, and with iheiu turn inniiin- erable wheels — convert tholl^:allds of profiiless acres into smiling fiidds, and dot her charmiiig groves with substantial ri'sidences, giving evi- dence of true aridiiteclnral beaiilv and tasle. — The cliuiate of Virginia is priibiibly asconihieive to health as thai of any Sl.ite in the Union. The surface of the western porlion is similar to that of .New llainpshire and Vermont — not so rocky as the first named Slate, but made up of hill and vale, anil affonling a most tiivorable opportiinily liir grazing on tlie hills, while the valleys pro- duce heavy crops of grass and alTord lale pas- turage liir cattle, and togelher giving every facil- ity fiir the raising of slock to liny extent. An- other great advantage is the prevalence of tim- ber which is abundant over every part of the Slate. riie Farmer's .Monlhly Library, the new work of Mr. Skinner is one of great merit, and will iindoiihiedly have a large circulation, although the price will prevent its passing into the hands of very many who might be benefitted by it. lis editor is a veteran in the cause. He iintlerstands his subject practically and theoroiically, and will render great .■service to the agrieiilnna'l interests o( the cotiiiiry. In the midst of the present good prices paid for produce, and the constantly increasing liiciliiies liir cheap trniispoiiaiion, there is great encoiu;igement to the liinner,— and I therefore hope that he, as well as all other classes will rally around Ihe Visitor and give it that hearty support which the only agricultural paper within the limits of two or three i^tales deserves. But 1 set clowti to tell you something about my grape vine.*, and now 1 will stop rambling and do so. Having a spot on the south side of my house which t thought would be liivorable to the growth of grapes, in the fiill of 1812, I erec- ted an arbor by silling posts, leaving them eight feet out of the ground and fifteen feet fiom the house. On the tops of the posts one end of a sixteen foot scantling was rested, the other end resting against the house sixteen fiiet from the ground. These scaulliiigs were crossi-d with two inch strips about two li^et apart. The up- right posts were also crossed in the s line man- ner as the top of the arbor. Karly in the lidlow- iiig March I dug a trench ,rt ihe foot of the posts, two fi'ct wide and three feet deep. I ihen filled it half way up, eighteen inches, with oyster shells, and the reiiiaiiiiiig eighteen inches "with loam taken from the commons near the city. In this loam 1 immediately set my roots, having vines attached to them of aboiil two feet in length. Uirectioiis were then givi'u that all the waste water from ihe kitchen, dish water, soap suds, Sic, should he daily thrown around them, which w,is done. One of the vines blossomed and bore the first siiiniiier, hut an niihickv boy strolling into the garden broke ofl' all but a tijw grapes, which ripened and were hiiind to he de- licious. Their growth this first sniniiier varied from five to ten liiet in leiigih, besides throwing out great numbers of lateral braiic.lie.s, I did not trim them at all the succeeding winter. Kar- ly ill March last, it being the second spring, on- ly, thai they had heen in the ground, they began to put fiirtb. I do not rememhei- the lime of llieir blossoming, but in ,)iily the neighbors be- g;in to pick and proiimmced llif-m ripe. Tlii.s, however, was nul llie case. The \ines then, not- withstanding the severe drought which had |pros- Irateil almost every thing around us, piisenteil as beaiilifnl an iippearaiice as I ever beheld. — Thoiisaiids of blanches and tendrils had put forth, the leave.-! vyere large and fiesli, and llio IViiit hung under the trellis work in delicious and tempting profusion. The branches were not so numerous as I have oftentimes seen them, but they were twice as large as any others that 1 saw during the snmiiier. One vine, however, of the bigness of a man's finger contained one hundred and ticcntif hunches, all perfect an. I of ex- Ii;ionlinary sine and flavor, 'i'here were the Is- abella— the ("atawbas did not yield so ahimdant- ly, and the Sweet Water, not at all. as yet. The latter had not the aibanlage of the trench anil the oyster slndls, but in other respects were treated the same. Diiriiiit the exiremc dry weather I occasionally threw liesh water upon the vines from a w.uei iiig pot and a large sy- ringe where they were high. In this my first aHein|ii at raiding grapes, I have been highly irralified. .Vnd from ihe experiment, taiii satisfied lliat the vines retpiire a great deal of water, but in small iiuantiiies at a lime, and that it should never .ilaiid long about the roots. Tho oyster sIipIIs serve as a drain to carry off waler which might oihi rw ise remain loo long, and as it percolates among ibem, ii carries down llie fine mould w hich the small, ih.-licali' roots soon find, and thus, below the eirects of drought, find n never failing source of noiirishmenl and support. In the Aiitninn I throw around the roots a thin coat of coarse manure, old holies, and chips. \ gentlcinaii in Rochesler, N. \. who has a fine grajieiy, iiifiirmed me last sninmer that he puts up grapes fiir use in the hillowing manner: — Place a layer of coiion in a barrel, and then select such gr.ipes as are perH'cily lipe and lay llieiii upon it, cover llicni wiih .iiicihir layer of cotton, and so conliniij till the barrel is full ; then place the barrel in a dry place out of the way of host, and they come ont through the w inter iu all the pulpy luscionsness of a bunch freshly plucked. Nothing certainly, could 'i—ii«'ii I !!■< ' »^ra r-jaujirw«i->»"»'^»WrWiu^n_K^^ssij»tt»-^ -TTT^r^Twr-'W*'^ 188 rc:<<-iii ..ii^'.s i."";''!-'^ "' '] winter evening', than a lm:^k.'t ..I' rirl., |.I.mm|, M|. i„i,-v •M-a|,rs Irc.ni onr.'.s ..hm -anion. 1 l.-.'V "onl.l ,,,lu- llie place of Ihf S.nvrMa jMape, wlnrl, n.nal- Iv sell !it374 CIS a iiounil, mill are loi biiUUn i<> most of ns on tliat ai-cunnl. Oil the llili Aiiunst 1 la.-ted my gnipes anil found tl.e.n sli^'lilly aei.t Iml perhaps not ,lisa.^r.> ahlv sotn M,os. people. On .he 1-ilh Ilea honie UH di,lnot return nnlil the l'>ih rie|,ten,ber. 1 had given directions helbre lea.iMtr, .hat a por.mn of a particular vine si hi not he louehed nn.d u, re ,.rn. A por.io., of these -rape.-, thus preserve,!, remained upon the vines .ill u.to October when Ihey were as rich as any lorei-n srape that I cn- er tasted. 1 am eonihlent .hat most ot onr f;rapo.s are eaten helbre th.^y aie ripe. I intended lo hr.ve made the eNpeii.nenI of pntti.n,' them doun m cotton, h't they proved loo tempuugto renmm „n the vnn;s i.i sufficient ,pn.utities. A ne,i;hhn, has made i., however, ami 1 expect soon to learn with what succ,:ss. 1 .hi,d< the v.nes should; he trimmed early "u .lamnny. TIhs chma.e .s lM^• ,- Iv favorable lo .he cid.nre of .he -lape, ami nolh- in.r is wanting hut a little pains to produce ihen, in^anv .nmnli.v. 1 slio.dd he j;lad to U.n.w how utienlpts to cultivate .hem sneceed m New il^ng- l.,nrl Truly \ oms, ''""*• ■ SIMON I5ROWN. rrj" \s yet li.tle has been done in New Hump- sh'lre to' advance horticuilnre: even the prohts and ihe itralificalion from .he pro na- tive Ki-ipc "l'''-!' ''V cidliva.ion, may here be made e,|ual to the Isabella, .he Catawba or the Sweet VVate.-. Lei M.'- H.-own'^ .node ol Ihor- „n.d,cnl.iva.ion be ma.-Ued-" se. maj.ote book, !,,;,';„,,! a.nl coimed by lo.e" by men ot c.niusHy and h.is.ire; and we daie say ihese Norlheru latitudes will sec.u-e .o us .abumiance ol -lapes „K -nod for use at least a.s the Smyrna .L'lapes tor wldch those who LCt u;^ ^'en.eel en.eiminmeuts „av an exi.euse of thirty-seven and a ball ce.Us a ponml-a price at least .imr l.u.es as jr.eat as any food to pam|>ci- Ihc faslidions palate should eo.st.— £:/. f'isil'ii- man came, the governour cousideriii;,' that il he had stolen, it was more out of necessity than dis- position, said unto him. Friend, it is a severe w iii- ,.-r, .am! 1 doubt you are Ijui nnuilily provnied lor wood : ulierefore 1 woidd lia\e yon supply your- sidf a. my wood pile till .his season lie ovei-.— Ami he liieu merrily asUed liis frielids, whether he had not effectually cuieil this man of stealing; his woiul." From tlie Boston Courier. The comins of Winter. nv THo. lie Aiif uinii't' Rii-'ljinir, Muanuip,d\ iti2 : i;l"ii(ls are ttyuig Clfi like sifcils ; Whili; tricir flaldows U'( t \hr iiieiiilov.3 Wnlli like widows Dcckcil ill weeds. Ued II r-.v,-- trailin;:, fnll iliilailiii!; JtrMOpin?, tililill'J I''rnm III;' \vo"d, Tliia, inipliaiil, Stands (lefi:Hit, l,il(e n giant firoppillR Idood. Wind:; are swellillK Ronnd our duel.ing, A.I day telling Us their wo. And .1 vesper, I'royts prow erisper, As Uiey wliisper Of tlie snow. Fioni Ui' nn.^eeli land Fio7.en inl.ind, Down from Greenland Wintci glides. ISheddin;! lightness, Like the briglitnesa VVlien inoon-wliitences Fj.Is ilie tides. Now hriolit plciisureN Sparkling nie.isures Willi rare treasures Oveirtow ! With Ihis cladoMS (■onits what madness ! Oh, what inndness ! Uh, \vlla. wo I Even merit May inherit Eiomc bare garret, Or the ground ; Or, a worse ill. Beg a mor.-'el At some door-still, Like a hound ! Stnriiis arc trailing. Winds are wailing. Howling, railing, .■\t eaeh doo!. 'Midst this iLliling, Howling, railing List the wailing Of the poor I sary : but .is this is seldom the case, eniiie ;inil pm-fect seem ily afrainsl iVosi, should be linnlslied befme .lie wea.her becniries loo severe. The potato crop, .his seasr)n, has fallen fa.' short of an aveia^'e one — conseipienlly economization of the entile product, is a malter of preat iinporU.nce to the farmer, as well as lo the couiinnnily .at hu-o,-. We <:an bn. ill afford to loose even the smallest li-nction of ihe very inconsiderable and seamy liar\est which the "ro(" has left us,— .so, farmers, see at once to your •' lianUinL's" and be on tlie aler. in order llial ihe insidious .lack — who is liusy at tliis season, and a perlecl Hiber- nian ill his love of the potato, does nut rob you of the few .hat remain for seed.— .Vni'iie Cii iqii .ill' n Li.MK T.iK RIkuicim.; Foii Potatoes.— 1 wo fields of potatoes, side by side, in tliis village- one dressed with Ian-yard manure, in which was coiisideiahle lime, received no blight or rot. In the other field, wiih common liarn-yard manure Ihe Io|)S were eaily blighled, and a consideralile poi.iou of the potatoes rvnvi\.—Bru>!Sw!ck(Me.,) Pioneer. Popiit.ATiov of MicHiuA.^.- The census re- 1 turns of 25 of the 31 organized counties of the Stale shows a popnlaiii'ii of y7(;,.57'.i. The same counties in 1S40 coii.ained li»5,:!88. The whole S.alH when heard from will overrun 30U,(I00— in 18-40 il was 21 1,70.5, showing a gain of 'JO.OOO m five years. Joii.N WiNruKOC. nn-T Govi.;r.Non ok Aias- SACMi.SKTTs (■oi.o>v.--"<>iice," says .llatlie.-, •Ml vva- ob.serv.,bl.', that when he had distributed the !a.I handful of lie: meal in ihe b.-.rrel unto a poor ,„„„ ilistressed by the wolf at .he door, c. mat instant they spied a ship arrived at the narbmirs monih laden wi;h provisions lor .hem all. \ea, Ihe ■'overiionr smnelimes made lus own private ,nu4 to be publick ; um by .sucking in.o il, b.il bysuueezlug on. of ii ; Ibr wieu .lie puhhcli ,reasm-e liad' nothing in .', !,■• did hmi-il de,ray the charges of ihe pnbliek. And having ,eai ueil ihal lesson of our l.ord, .hat il is lo-tier to give, ,|,nn to receive, he d;d, a. , he •..uer.d conn win u I,., vva'^ a Ihird line: cho.-en govern ■, make a .peech nnlo ihis pnrpn.-, . Thai he had leccivei orutui.ies iVom div.-r.s .n,M,--, «hicb he acce|,ied with uuieh i-omforl and eonieiil. and he had like- wise received eiviliiies from pariicnlar persm.s, uhirh he cou'.d not r. fuse wiihoul uiciviluy in hiuiMlf: nevcrlheless lie look ilieiii willia irem- Miiig hcail. in ivL'ard of -.— Greal indeed is the lasU assigned lo woman; who can elevate ils dignity? Not U make laws, not lo lead rrinli-', not lo govern empires; but lo fiirm those by whom laws an- made, armies led, uiid empires governed; to guard jigaiust the slightest lainl of bodily infirm- ity the frail \ et spotless creauiro whose moral i.o le'ss than physical lieing must he derived from her; to iiispiVe those principles, to iin-nlcale iIiomj doelrines, lo animate those sentiments whnh generalious yet unborn and rialions yet uncivil- ized shall li;arn to bless; loo sofien firmue-ss inio mercy and ihasten honor inlo retineuicnl; to ex- alt generosiiy into virtue; by soothing care l;> * allay ihe anguish of ihe body and the far wor.-e angiiish of the mind; by her' lemh rness lo dis- arm passion ; by her piiriiy lo triumph over sense; to cheer the scholar sinking under his tni-l ; to console the slalesman for llie ingraliliide. of a .misleken peoph^ ; to be compensaton fopj fViends thai are perfidious, for h.i|ipiiK_ss ihal lia.H . passed aw.iv. Such is her vocation, 'i'he conch . of ihe deseiled Irieiid, ihe cross of ihe, rejeeleil Saviour- ihese are tliealres lui which he-r great- est iriiimphs have been achieved. Siicli is licr des. i.iy; to visit the I'orsaken, to aiteiid ihe niij- lerled ; when monarchs ab.-imlon, w hen counsel- lors betray, when justice prosecutes, when lirelii- reii and (iisciples'flee, lo rom^iu imshak.:u a d nnchaiiee.d and cxliihit in ihis lower uoildalype of that love, pine, coiislant, and inefKible, \vhi;-h in anoiher worhl we are langlil lo beli.'ve, is llio test of vii-Mi:. — Blnc-ricovrn Masuzi.ic. SUSCENSION BRIDGK AT NiAGAKA FaLI.S.— (.iharles Kllel, .Jr., Esq., a celebrated engineer of I'hiladelphia, has, wilhiii a few days past, in coinpany Willi Maj. C. il. Sluarl, of Kochester, insperie"d the locahlies in the vicimiy ol Niagara Tali.-, wilh a liew of' a.-^cerlainiiig ihe praciica- liiliiv of a sn.-p'ension liridge across llie Niagara River. 'I'hei-e is a poini, about a mile and a half below the cataract, and near the whirlpool, where the distance from one liigh bank to the other does not e.vceed 700 I'eei. The cost of a hang- ing bridge at thai point, of snllicient streiiglb to ^uMai.i i:." wight of a railroad nam oraiiyolherj burtheii which may be placed upon il, and made j in the best and securest ma; uer, is e.sliina'ed by j l\lr. F.lleit al S'-'OO.OOO. lb- olliirs m eonsiiuii such a hriilgu lor ihalsum, and lo subscribe ?i'~iO,- 000 lo its stock.— A", y. Jilorn. .Mws. iMAiiK YOUR Ci-:i.i.ARs WAUM.—Grcat detri- ment is olieii eNperienced by fiiriiiers from a neglect to secure their cellars at the proper sca- .son. Oidlars ought if |io.-sible, lo he so eonslrucl- ed as to lender the labor of ' banking' iinneceg- ErncACY of Ammonia i.n cases ok Poison.— i Extiacl of a leiier from Dr. Church lo ihe Editor , of Silliman's .loiirnal of Science, daled Coopers-^, town, N. v., Eebriiary (ilh, 1820. "A young' man in ihis place had acenh nially over.-et a hive of hee.s, and befiire he conlil ■■-- cape, they had settled in numbei-* on difiiai i i parls of" his body and limbs and sltmy bn' si.verely. Il "as alemt half an hour all. r ihe. accident happened, when he came lo my ofUce, in i;real auoiiy, and Ic had .scarcely lime lo givo au'accuunt of il before he fiinled. I miiiiedi-T alely applied the ammonia to the paiis that liad beeii sluni:, his le-s, arms and hrea.st. lie di- nellv reccivercd frmii his liiinlucss, and e.vpcri- encc'd no pain or other incouyei.ience iilicrwnrd.s. "Il is several years since I lir.sl applied tho ainia ammonia, to counler.-ict the etfecl of the bil.s of insects and the flings ol bees, and il has invariably pi-o.lnced instant relief-generally com- plete. I'liave olieu .'.(en children crying m e\- cessive pain from the sling of a bee, and on ap- plication of the ammonia they wmild iinmedi- ately cease comiilainiuL', and become cheerlul, HO complete and sudden is the relief it produces. 1 always use ii for musiinilo biles, and lliey noyer Itiotiblc me farther. I was led lo use it m these .^ ^\)c JTarmcv's iUont!)liJ bisitor. 189 CaSE.-i, lioiM tilt; iiistniitaiieoii.s niYf.Kt it wiis t-iiiil to linve ill coiiiiU'racliii'; the o|)i'nilioii rif prussio aciil. Ill llii! seroiul iiiiiiilior ol' tlic Aiiioriciui Joiiniiil ni' Mi'ilii-iil Si'i('iu-c, (Pliilarl'.^lpliiii,) (or the liist year, it will be skkii tlial Dr. Moore, of Al.ilp iiiKi, ip~eil it Willi great siieeess in llie riire ot' l>ilr.-i ol' veiieinotis scr|ieiils. Froiii lliis ac- coiiiil, it is prolialile tliat tlie pure iiiiiairlioiialeil ntiiia nminoiiia is iiio^t etiicarioiis. 1 liavesoiiie- liiiies iiolii-ed a (litTereiice, aiiil lliiiik it iimst lie on aei-oiMU of its being somelinies cavlioiialetl, iind at otiiers not. ('aub.irk Tlbnep Above Ghound. — This viil- imble ve^'etable, say.s the Maine Oultivntor, has not as vet received ninrli attention in lliis state. A few only have eiillivaled it, and its disseniina- tiun lias not yet been .iiiflieiunt to rt'nili'r its iiierits generally known. It is the k'ohl-nilii of the Germans, and the Choiv-mt'e of llio Freni-li. In ihe markets of both iliese eonntiies it is sold in such i|iian!iiies as to learl one to infer that ii is bigldv pii/cd by the people. The Ibllouini.' re- niiiiks relative to this vegeliible, we cut from an e.\elian;;e. " I'he Cabbaije Tiirnej) above groniid is imollier variety of the CabbiiL'e 'J'nrnep, and a very sin- gular prodiieiion. Where this vc^i.'table comes iroin the f;ionnd, it is lu^arly of llie common size of u cabbai;e, mid jus' above the {jronnd it en- lur;jes into a plobiilar bulb of the size of other turneps. This neeonnt as to size may appear to lie as iiidefinijH as to .say thi; size of a pit.cc nf cltaik ; but il ic eoriecl, for like most kinds of productive Inrnops they f;row laifie under liivoi- able circnmsnuice.s, mid small in u lean soil.— We liavi! raised some as large as a half peck measure. Tile knob, or protuberance which forms this Iiiriiep, is covered with a iliick librons rind, sim- ilar to that of a cabbaf;e stiinip, and leaves come nut iif il on the sides and lop, commi.iicinL' nearly at its base ; llie leaves are ol' a f;reenisli pniplc, =liri(l are scattered over the sides and lo|i of llie bulb or liirnep, and never form into a head. We have ciillivateil ilie Cabbaije Tnrnep nhnre ground ill the same manner as tlie ruia baga, and in the same manner as calibaifes ; tlii-y are hardy aiul in a i,'ooItcr from the Mauri- tius to Professor Bell, of King's (^-jllege, Loudon. In coining from Laclielles hither, wc touched at Juan de Novo, tvlicrc I had an opportunity of seeing, for the lirst lime, an island of purely coral formation. It is of a linrse-slioc shape, aboiii twentyone miles long, and from half to ihree- rpiarti'is of a mile broad, with extensive reels around it abomiding with turtle. Do^^s of difi'er- ent kinds have been left there from lime to lime, and linding abundance of food in the turtle-eggs, young tiirlle and sea-fowl, have multiplied pro- digiously, so that there are now some ilionsands of them. I can testily from personal observalion lliat they drink salt water, and that they have entirely lost the (iicnily ol' barking. Some of them, which have been in captivity for several inonlhs, liavi; not yet lost their wild looks and habits; nor had they an inclliialion for the com- pany ol other fewfoiiiid- laiid .and hound, in various degrees of nii\liire, and are of all colors except pure while or briii- ille. Scours in Sukfp. — Messrs. Edilors : I noticed in Ihe Ciiliivalor of September lUtli, some re- marks on the scorns of slieej) and a cure. I will suggest a cheaper, safer, ami more convenient method of cuie. Take soot I'rom the chiiiiney, where hard wood is burnt, and give- about oik^ lable spoonful every two or ihree hours, till the patient appears relieved. Charcoal, in like ipiaii- lily, will answer just as well, and it is geuer;illy handier to get and use. Ami one ihiiig ks re- markable, in use of charcoal or soot, ihat an over dose will never do any injury. This remedy is equally sale I'or human naliire, as for any other nature. The eiiNi".'y being too warm at night. — Indiana Faiiner. JUeteorological Observations at Concord, 7WAo( ji{M lirjorc stin-nsr uttd 3 ti^chck P. M. ISY A. CHASIOLBR. 1845. s E Wind. Clnids. f= f.. fc t- ), >. ■^ 4 c a) "! (5 1^ .^ Characirr uf C?wk(7.*, etc. S. 1 50 29..50|5I S. E. I — 10 stratus. 62 .38156 — 0 — 10 stratus. H. a 4M .37 .55 — 0 — 10 stratus. 53 .37 57 N. E. 1 — 10 stratus. M. 3 49 .36 ,55 N. E. 3 E. )0 light rain. 54 ,:i4 .58 N. E. 2 10 light rain. T. 4 5fi .34 59 — 0 — 10 cirro-stratus and rnisl. Ii3 .35 62 S. E. 1 S. E. 10 light rain- VV. 5 47 .26 59 S. 1 S. 1 slralus. 4« .32 55 S. 3 S. 10 stratus. T. 6 30 .46' 44 — 0 — 0 clear. 48 .43,50 f. 7 28 .43 45 - 0 — 0 foggy. ■18 .45 49| N. a N. 7 cirro-.straIus. y. S 38 .45 47 — 0 — 10 cirro stratus. 4ft .48|49 — 0 — 10 cirro-stratus. S. 9,40 .10 50 N. K. 3 N. E. lOllight rain. |49 28.90 ,52 N. E. 2 N. E. 10, drizzly. M. 10 3<1 .49 47 N. W. 4 N.W. 10 stratus. 40 .93 45 N. W. 4 N. VV. 8 cirro-stratuft. ■1'. 11 30 29.39 40 — 0 — 3 cirro-stratus. 43 .49 45 N. VV. 1 N. W. 9 cirro stratus. W.;i! 34 .62 43 N. W. 1 W. 10 cirro-slralus. 36 .66 44 N. VV. 1 — 0 clear. •i'. i:; 20 .68 35 - 0 — 1 cirro-stratu.3. 46 .58 43 — 0 — 0 clear. F. 14 38 .33 43 — 0 N.W. 2 strattrs. 51 .24 50 N. VV. 2 N.W. 9 stratus. S. 15 46 ..50 45 N. VV. 3 N.W. 3;cirro-s!ratus. 35 .54 43 N.W. 2' N.W. 2lcirro-stratus, S. IB 27 .35 37 S. 1 — 2 cirTO-slratus. 49 .20 46 N.W. I — 10 very sinoky. M. 17 26 ,56 41 — 0 — 0 dense fog and frost. m ,63 47 — 0 — 10 cirrus and smoky. ■1'. 16 43 .73 47 — n — 10 misty. 47 ,i;» 49 — 0 — 10 rirro-slralus. VV.IS) 45 .49 50 S. 1 — 10 drizzly. 54 .32 54 VV. 2 W. 3 cirro-stratus. T. 20138 .34 '42 152 .0347 S. 1 — 10 hazy. F. Slj47 .0547 W. 2 VV. 10 cirro-stratus. 42 .ISISHN. W. » N. W. 3 cirro-stratus. S. 93 30 .43:38, W. 1 N. W. 7 ragged-stratus. 38 .52'43 N. W. 4 — o! clear. S. 'i3 38 .37i39 S. 1 P, 10 cirro-stratus. 52 28.9i'. 46 W. 3 \V. 10 ram. M.24 28 29,51 37 N. VV. 2 o light rain. 30 ,70 381 N. VV. 3 — 0 clear. T. 25 12 ,98 28 — 0 — 0 clear. 36 .86 36 vv.aelas .97 ,54 — 0 — 10 cirro-stratus. 28 .94 38 '1'. 27 40 ,5H 39 — n — Ill raining. 46 28.86 — 0 — 10 ruining. •■ F. 36 Ki 29,3;- 35! N. VV. 4 N.W.I stratus. 95 „55 34 N. VV. ■,; — f clear. S. 29 10 24 30.02 24 .13 31 — 0 — 0 clear. S. 3U 22 .11 2£ N. E. 1 — 10 cirro -.stratus. 31 30.(111 31 — 0 — O'suowiiig lightly. Curing Pork— A new method.— Two corre.s- pondenLs of the Alhaiiy diliivator recoinrneiid a new mi'lhod of curing pcirk, and attest to its merits rnini Ihcirown lepealed e.xperieiice. This is to pack it, when the animal heat is e.xhaiisleil with rock salt, and pour on (he brine boiling hot. The pickle I'or hams is heated mid applied in the same way. 15y this method the hrine is .said to penetrate at once eipially, to lake IVom the meat all stringy and lotigh ipialities, render it hriltle, add much to ils flavor, and he withal, the safest nir-thod. One of these v riters s;\ys it is almost universally piacliced in his neighhorhood. Who will try it ? The rock salt could not easily he procured here, lint this, jirobahly, is not imlis- pensahle. Ai.HA.NV Cultivator. — The proprietor of this popular niag.-izine of agrieiillnre, announces in the Dec. No., which closes the volume, that he has re-engaged fiir the coming year the editorial assistance of Sanlcird Howard and .). .1. Thomas, Ksfjnrs. Both these gentlemen are known to us as sound, prai-lical, ;\nd instrnelivo wrilcMs, and iheir aliiliiies, in conjunction with the aid of ils nnmernus conlrihiitors, are a sufficient guarantee that " The Cullivalor " will not sulfer any diiiiin- ntion in ihe popular cslimalion or patronage. — M Ji. [''arrncr. CuRl^G liRKF. — A farmer at Ihe west says: " 1 have used snliralm in place of stillpeire, and 1 never had Iniler Ui-ri'. — liall. Sun. O.vioNS. — i'or the past ten years from 30,000 to 60,000 Iiushels of onions have heen raised in the single town of Paiivers, Mass. Fattenino Hogs. — The consists in keeping them as latest improvement clean as possible. Couiitiiig-lloiisc Aliiiaiiac, for 1846. «J g ^ ^ -1 w fl E Cl •~f a. rt ^ a. *-< *< CO g ^ ^ H ? B. s t )!i c rr- u < =r !r. a. •^ a. ^ — 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 i? 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 h 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1.5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 a \5 16 17 18 19 20 21 < 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 — — — — — — — 1 2 3 4 h) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 m PS 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 < 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 '^ 10 11 12 13 14 15|l6 M 17 18 19 20 21 2223 24 31 25 26 27 28 29;30 — 1 2 3 4 5 6 a 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 A ^ 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 — — — — • •t 5 Si 12 £l 19 ^ 26 15 7 14 20 21 28 3| 4 10 11 17 18 24 25 31 1 8 15 22 29 22123 3; 4 10 11 17 18 24 25 29130 31 PROSPECTUS OF THE FARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR, V O L l^ M E V I 1 I . COMMENCING JANUARY, 1840. (;onducted hy ISA.Vi; HILL, and published by ISAAC HILL &. SO.\S, Concord, N. H., to whom ail money for subscriptions, and subscribers' names, must be hAdiessed^ jjn.^tage paid. The altemion of the agricultural public is resjiectfully invi- ted to the following exceedingly low rates of subscriiilion which, considering the size, frequency of publication, and Hiiantily of maUer, fall far below those of a!iy other weekly or moiiihiy paper published in the United States :— TEKMS.-rTo sinule subscribers, 50 cents per anrvuin. Ten percent, will be allowed to any persoji wlio stiall send us more llian one suhscrilier. {f^j- 7'ii clnb^^ or indifidutil.<, forwarfiivff us $-1, postage paid^ TWELVE eiiPlES WILL BE flE.NT FOR ONE YE.\B. Auy adllitiollUl uiiiober of copies will he furnished at the .same rate. The pa\ nieiit in every ease iinisl be made iii attvance. in eoininenciug the piiblicaion of the eighth vcdiiine of the iMcmlhly Visitor, the publi-.hers wullhl earneslly solicit their present patrons, and such other gentlemen as may leel dispo- ■d to patronize the only e.\clusively Agricultural newspaper ..i either of the States of New Hampshire or Vermont, to lend them a hel[)ing hand in increasing its circulation. Pining Ihe first two years of its publication, tlic Visitor numbered about 50(10 subscribers. Since that time— our eltbrts to obtain sub- .si riiitioiis having been necessarily diverted from it by a pres- sure of other business— the number has yearly decreased, al- though the rate of siih^criptKui has been reduced more than tvvnty per cent. The present niiiiiber of our subscription list, is alxiut 2500. At our presiiit subscription price, this numlier, to ensure a ftiir prolil to the publishers, should be donMcd : and if a foir compensation for the services of the edi- tor is taken into consideration, it should be trebled. The Visitor was started, in IB39, as an experiment. Tor four years, at least, after ils coininenceinent, at ihe original price of subscription, it proved highly successful, Siibseiiuent- 1>' with a reduced subscription iirice — and until the last year — It has afforded a profit only, if the services of the editor are not nuisidered. We now appeal to the Fanners of New Eng l;iii(l— and luirtieularlv to those of our own and the Slate of Verninnl — til ilrcido whether il shall he fairly sustained ; and we do so with the more assurance, inasmuch as fwe have al- ready remarked) it is the only e.xolnsively asjricnlnirat p.aper iii the two latter States, and because we furnish il nl a very iimd- i-rate price. Every gentleman who receives this iiaper is especially re- qilesleli to assist us bv his agency. If anyone shall lu.' loo nnieli engaged otherwise to .attend to this, will he place Ihe ]iap.r ill the hands of some Irusly friend of Agriculture, who will remit to us the money and nuines ol such subscribi'is as he can procure r IS.'VAC HILL i. SONS. Coiiioid, N. 11., Dec. 31, 1845. STATE.«ENT OF BRIGHTON MARKIT FuR 1- 46,910 lleef Cattle Sales estimated at 13,275 .■stores, " " " 107,960 Sheep, " " " 56,580 Swine, " " " 17 31,6 37,310 4,136 72,274 52,740 32,915 10,605 98,820 43,000 Beef Cattle, I Stores, ( Shei-p, Swine, Beef Cattle, Stores, Sheep, Swine, 1844. :• Sales e^liiiialeil at 81,689,^ 1843. Sales estimated at ^. BOSTON MARKET— Der. 30. FLOUR— iloliler-; are asking about l^c ]^ bbl more today, but there are no sak-s of importance. A few small patcelr Gene.see, corninon brands, 5 87, cash. GRAIN— Corn dull, and saks li^hl ; Southern yellow '. 79c ; white 75 ® 7Gc f- bu. MOLASSES — The sales to-day and yesterday lu r amount to J80G hhds Cuba, sunr, taken by distillers, ai 'JO-.' ^ gu>, G ni!^. Distillers now have some 700u hhds stock on nand. Retailing; dull. CONCORD AVHOLESALE CASH PRICES CURRENT For West India Goods & Groceries, I^lour, Grain DUcE, Iron Sc Steel, Plaster, Salt, Lime, &.C. &> Corrected weekly for Hill's .\. H. Patriot bycr CLAPP, at Ihe Depot Store, Concord, .N Jan. I, 1846. ItUIUHTOM M.VIIKKT— iM.iNOAv, Dec. 29, I8li liieported for the Haily .\dverliser & Patriot.) At Market, 72(1 lleef Cattle, 2liOU Sheep, and 50 Swine,— 31X1 lleefCattle nnscdd. Pbices,- Wri-/ CaH/r,— Last week's prices generally were not sustained— a yoke or Iwoe.vlra $5 25 ; first qnalily 4 50 <(i> 5 00 ; second .§ I M 4 25 ; third 3 25 ® $4. .^liircs. — No sales noticerl. . SVo-f/L— Sales of small lots from SI 25 to §2 .50. Sictiie. — At retail from -I', to Oc. ASHES, Pots 4.1 Pearls, 4.i ALU.M, 4 BKI.^ISTONE, Roll, 3 Sulphur, 4 CAMPHOR. Refined,.... 75 CANDLES, Mould, 10 Sperm 32 COFFEE, SL Domingo,.... 6 Porto Rico, 8J Porto Cabi-llo, 8A Old Government Java,... ll COPPERAS, 2 FISH, Bank, ^quintal, ..2,75 Pollock 2,50 Bav 3,00 Old Dun 4,50 N-bbl, 14,00 No. 1 Shad, ^ bill, 12,00 Ton's t Sounds, ^hhl, 0,00 H.B.Fins,1phbl, 9,00 FLOUR, Gene.see, 0,50 Fancy brand, 7,00 Ohio, Akron, 7,50 Spanldlng, extra, 7,50 J. II Beach, 7,50 FRLTIT. Figs, 14 Raisins, blue mark 8,50 Black mark, 7,50 Bo.\, bunch, 2,50 FUSTlCK,Cuba,1(>ton,30,U0 Tampico, 22,00 Ground, \^ hund 1,75 GLUE, Russian best 17 American, II GRAl.N. Oals,50 cents (f* bit Corn, 87.J dodo bu Rye ^7A do dobii Beans, .'. .75(5) 1,75 Pi-as, 501® 75 GRIND.STONES, Isl qual- it\ , liiiislii il,l,> hund. 2,25 Di.,'do. iiulinished 1,.5« HEKHINtJ.r ho-\. No. 1,...50 Scaled 75 INDIGO, lii-ncal, .1,101® 1,75 Spanish float,,.. 1, 00 fffl 1,50 Manilla, 75iail,25 IRON, Old Sable, 5 EliL'lish, 4 Ban ks, retined, 4i Knglish, sheet »! Rii.ssia,di ti 16 Do. lleavv, fi\r,ii 15 LIMK, Thonmston, first quality, 1,50 Ciimden, do 1,25 LOIIWOOD, St, Domin- go, II* ton, 22,00 t'ani peachy, 27,00 Ground, (J* hund 1,75 MACKKIll'.L, No. 1, If bbl 11,00 N„. 2 8,00 No. 3, 0,00 Miil.ASSKS, Havana, ....28 Siirinain, 28 Trinidad, 30 Porto Rico 32 Sugar House i....50 .NAILS. Boston Iron Go's bianil, *i old Colduy do ,.41 Wi-vinoiilli Iron Co 4$ .Mal.liu, -l PLAST1-;K, II"- ton 6,00 Do, ground 10,00 PROVISIONS. Pork l'.\- tra clear tt> bbl, 16,00 Coiiinion do 14,00 05 S3 j8 99 . .'■ .4 Extra Mess, .'.I9,n< Cninmon do IU,i^ Builtr,^ lb, lOdilA Clieese, new milch,. . .7 (?? 8 Four meal, 5i& o Dried apple, best, 4\ SAL/ERATUS,fii 27 " SALT, St. Ibes, I 110 Cadi/, ^ 30 Bonaires, ^ Turks Island, ^ Liverpool, . Do. fine, Worthii. y brand, Jt* bag, ... 'I Do. otlitT brand?,. . , .' SALTPETRE, crude Do. relined, J SEED. Clover, nor gj, Do. soulliern, .... Herds crass, ^ bu SIIEETL\GS,prim ^ SHINGLES, tirst c^ ^ No. 1, pine, p- .\L..'^ do. do. do. 5ipruce, ..'. ' SHIRTINGS, l^_)arrj4, SHOT, a-Jsorted,.... 1^5 SHOVELS, cast si ' d<.z Stei^l pointed do.. Iron do. best, Do. rommun, SO AT, Castile, Whitt- Soap, best,.. llrown. No. 1, Family, Extra, SPICES. Cassia, in n Do. ground, Cloves, Ginger, pure, . . Mace,^Ib,.... Nutu'tfjts, best,. Pimento, whole Do. ground,... . Pepper, whole, Do. ground, STEEL, Swedes, best. . . Sanderson, Brothers V Co. cast steel, Jessop At Son, do Gernmn, oest, Do. common, Coach sprinu, bebl, SUGARS. Brown Hava- na, very best, 1. Do. » Im|)rriai, do Hyson, do «.^. Hyson Skin, do Young Hysou, common, Do. do. fair, l)o. do. good,..v *•■'»' Do. do. best, -i.^'"^ TOBACCO, coiumou keg...loughing, Duck tialebing, artilicial Dr. Franklin's Moral code, Di^ail Animals. Dewey's Spring Tooth Horse Rake, Dr. Jackson's (Jeological Keport, E Europe, Colinan's Tour in English F'arming two centuries ago. Extended [jlans, Editorial presents, V Fisherism, France, the Vintage in Farmer's daughters, education of Fever anorlance of well directed labor, Indian Corn, &LC,, Indications of a vegetable instinct, J Johny Appleseed, 1 K Kitchen Chemistry, King's Chapel, Boston, L Lime and Plaster, Lime, the manufacture of Lord Morpeth, Leached Ashes, the use of Lowell Mills, enlargement of Lines to a Potatoe, (poetry) Large animals, Letter from N. J., Louisiana, sugar and slavery in M 4, 40 ' f""' grafting, jj Rotation of crops, 27 I Railways and the Merrimack valley, 35 Report of the Essex Co. Ag. Society, Gl 62 69 93 182 20, 159, 176 21 59 70, no 123 143 163, 173 168 170 176 134 1,35,30,39,52,08,82 14, 24 62 83 84 103 125 102 106 66 70, 172 93 Root culture Ruth, (poetry) Reading Railroad, Rye, Report of the Concord Society of Natural History, Recipes, 20,37 35, 42 73 76 87 108 110 116 154 1J6 9, 169, 172 22 68 82 91 102 108 127 101 4, 20, 08, 88 Manures, Meteorological observations. Magnetic 'Pelegraph, Miscellaneous, 15, 16, 22. 29. 30, 46. 47, 63. 72, 80, [96, 96, 112, 136, 175, 176 131 , 29, 4d 11 81 40 40 40 55 07 in 129 131 132 141 152 153 173 17o 15 17 29 r>3 07 71 91 123 11 54,05 i;7 151 17 19 46 48 69 75 79 81 l.'K) 134 i.jy 171 179 181 Maple Sugar, Manufactures in Springfield, Mass., Manufactures upon Agticuliurc, Making a Major General, Milk, adulteration id' Merrimack County Agricultural Society, Manchester, Matljcmalical Prodigy, N ninety years ago, ISevcr frighten children, iSewbnryport, the new mills at Mew York Farmers' Club, iVeatness in t'.irming, J\oti 8 of a desultory reader, November, farm work for Ohio, the model farm of Orcharding, hints upon Oregon, lihh and gram in Olio ol Rosea, Onions, On Bees, Old \irginia never tire. Obituary, 46 90 lot; 117 141 1 13, 15S 157 185 51 67 91 97 122 130 160 £1 21 140 23 23 27 103 104 107 Pohitoe Rot. 5,9, 1 1, 42, 13, 41, 62, 111, 125,135, 143 Plaster of Paris, 7. 9 Pl.inning, ^ H pitatoc. the culture of ' 12 Plants, effects of galvanism on 15 Price Current, 16, 32. 48, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, ML (100.170 Peach Trees, Ploughing and subsoiling, Physiology, health, &c.. Pear Trees, Pluiii Trees, Power of iiiusie. Poultry, prolits of Pine plains. Public lands. Potatoes, nutritive properties of Prinluce td" one aero. I'roduiloina of the United States, Pork, making of 27, 101. 144 39, 44, 66, 107 47 67, 107. 124 57, liO 07 68 103 129 131 1 132 ) lt,9 f 169 1 Sub-Marine Armor, Sheep raising al the West, Sheep and Lambs, care of Sewing Machine, Smoking Bacon, Stirring the land often. Smoking chimneys. Sheep, new importation of Salt as a manure, Sagacity of an Ox, Swamps, Salt as food, Sheep in Vermont and iN'ew Hampshire, Steers, breaking of Silk culture in i\ew England, Sheep, washing of Steel, Signs of rain. Scythes, Sheep shearing. Strawberries, Seeds, Sunshine (poetry) Spanish 'Pariff, Shaker farm. Seed corn, T The Student's Dream, (poetry) The West, prosperity of The Atmospheric Railway, Turni[>s, The Chase, bunting Foxes, The British CL. *Thoke who Labor in the earth are the chosen people of God, whose breasis hi: has miue hi» i-bcumar dkposite fob substantial and t.enuine virtl'e."— ./i5^.*oti. VOL. 8. NO I. CONCORD, N. H., JANUARY 31, 1846. WHOLE NO. 85. THE FAlilllEK'S ,lIlO\TIIKV VISITOK, i'l'i;i.l>HKIi II V ISAAC HILL,&: SONS, ' ISSUED OX THE LA^T DAY OF KVERT MO.NTH, At Athenian Uuiltliiig. g:5-GENKRAL .-VfJF.NTs.— n. CooK, Kfciie, N H.; Thomas It. Hampton, Wasliiniilon City, I). C; John .Marsh, Witsli- itigloii St. Uosum, aiiuis. ; Charles Wauiien, Briiiliv Kovv, U'orccsrer, Mass, TEUMS.— To silicic siiliscrib.rs, Fitlij Coits. Tt-n pi-r cent, ivill b.- itliowfil tu tin? |);'rstin nlio simil sl-ikI more lli;ui , out' subscriber. Tvv-lvo copies willbc si-iit for the advancr nayim-nl of Fu-r Dollars; twelllv-tivu copii-s for Ten Dollars; i.\ly ro-])iiS for Tioenttj Duliars. Tin' payment in every cast* to iiiiulf in advanrc, ' QCl'-'^f'^'"^V <""' sitb-tcriiitions^ by a rptrulatioit of tkr Post J\faster nernlyiKaif ill all ca.'ic.-i be remitted by Uit Post Jlaafir^ ferx oj rry-AII ^'Mitk-m-'n who hnve heretofore artt'd as A^i-nts arf rfiVVeflt:(l t(i »:iintinn(' their Agency. 0\ii sub-^ti-tij.-r^ who (imr under the new l -rms, will ph'ase notify us of thu names Iri'.'ulv on our Ixiok.--. CONCORD, N. H., JANUARY 31, 1846. Indian Corn. Count Riiiiiforil in Diie oT liis cssnys pnys the f:rnuil inliiiir to ilii? siilicle of I.^uian Cor.x, as " llie c.lieuiic^-it anil iiio.-t iioiii i^ljiij^' food knouii." Tlic Uiii)ulele use of corn, rye ami liai'ley meal than the present raKldonahle age; of Genesee or AUmii floiii' under 'he vailous implements of cook-stove to};grery itii a pi'ofnsioo of hnlter, efigs and salaeralns lid ail the nick-nacks which foreij;ii Inxni'y has itrodijci'd. Comit Kiimford, as he shows in his ndmiralile !ssay on Indian corn li-oiu which we extract be- !ow, made himself v\ ell acipiainted wiili the man- ner in V. hicli the " liest o' cliicls" in the last cen- tiii'y knew iiow to lii'e in New Eiiiiland. How adininihly has he pictured the uses lo which the ivorite ^rain of every farmer in the New Eiil'- land ritales was put tifty years ayi) and more! The Alassachuselts or the New Hampshire family who then liiiled in their cro|> of Jiidian r.orn — whether i; was the product of one acre or live or leii acres — would he set down as more unfor- timaie than the merchant who now liiils for his hundred ihousaiid. No man would do that more deserviiif; of reproach than neglect to plant and hoe his cm n-liehl in due season : the hin or flour ■M the upper roof of the house well filled, or ill (rovered with golden ears of yellow corn was luokt d upon as evidence of the man's best weallh and iiiiln>try. In an ancient house built of mostly while oak limbers, nearly a hundred \i:iis ago, nearest the residence of the laleComit Unmford, now owned in part by the editor of the \ i:-ilor, is an exten.-ive hall maile purposely for pieserving the Indian corn raisened to ilio qnantiiy of hasiy pudding intended lu he njade, is put over the fire in an open iron |>ot,or kettle,and a proper ipianiily of salt i'oi- seasoning the pod- ding heinir previously dissolved in the water, Indian meal is stirred into it, hy litil." and little, with a wooden spoon with a long hainlle, while the water goes on lo be heated, and njade to liffll ; — great care lieing tidien to put in the meal by very small (piantilies, ami by silling slowly liirongh the fingers of the left hand, and stirring the water atioul ve;y briskly at the same time with the wooden spoon, with the right hand, to mix tins tneal v\itli the water in sneh a manner as to prevent lumps being formed. The tiieal sboidd be added so slowly, that, when the water is brought lo boil,lh(! mass should not be thirlier tlinn water-grnel,anil half an hour more, at least, shoidd be eu>ployeiaced upright in the Uiiddle ol the kettle, if it falls down, tnore meal nmst be added ; but if the pudding is sufficiently thick tmd adhesive to su.pport it in a vertical posiiiori, it is declared lo be proof; and no more meal is udded. If the boiling instead of being continued only half an hour.be prolonged three fpiarters of an hour or an Imur, the pndiling will be consid- erably improved by tliis prolongation. " This hasly pndrlijig, when dcuie, may be eateii in variiius wa\s. li may he put, while hot, by spoonfuls into a howl id' milk, and eaten \\\d\ tlie nulk with a spoon, in lieu (d bread : and used in ihis way it is jeniarkahly palatable. It may likewise be eaten, while hot, wiili a sain'e composed of butter and brown stigar, or butter and molasses, with or without a lew drops ol vinegar; and however people who have not lieen accus4onied to this Amerliran cookery may be prejndicetl against it. they will llnd upon trial that it makes a njost e.xcellent dish, and one wdiiwh never fails to be iinndi liked hy those who are accustomed to it. The universal foininess of American.s for it t>roves that it must have some merils;-<-for in a country which produces all the delicacies of the table in the greatest alintidance, it is not to be supposed that a whcde nali«u shoidd have u taste so depraved as to give n decided prefererjce lo any panicular species of food which has not sonKJlliiuir to recommend ii. "The manner in which liasly pudding is eaten W'itli butter and sugar, or batter ai.il molasses, in America, is an follows: — The hasty pudding lie- ing spread out cMjually upon a plate, while hot, an excavation is made in the njiddle of il, wilh a spoon, into which excavation, a piece of butter, as large as a niilmep, is put ; and upon it a spoon- fid of brown sugar, or more: .commonly of mo- lasses. The bniler being soon melted by the heat of the pudding, mixes with the sugar, or molasses, and forms a sauce, which, being con- fined in the excavations made for il, occupies the tiiiddle of the plan-. The pudding is then eaten with a spoon, each spoonful of It being dipped in the sano,' heliire il is carried to ihe monih, care being had in taking it u|i, to begin on the oiil side, or near the brim of the plale, and to approach the ceniro hy regular advances, in order not to demolish to soon tin; excavation, which forms the reservoir for the sauce. " liasly pudding has this in panicular to recom- mend it,— and which renders il singnlaily n.".elul as food for pooi- families, — that when more of it is made at once than is iimnediately wanted, what remnins may be preserved good fiir several days, and a number of very pnlalable dishes may be made of it. It may be cm in liiin slices, and roasled beliu'e llie fire or on a gridiron, anri ealen instead of bread, either in milk, or any kind of soup or [lottage ; or with any kiinl of food, wilb which liread is conuninily eali'ii ; or it may he ealen cold, without any preparation, with a warm .sauce made of bnlter, nudasses or sugar, and a little vinegar. In this last mentioned way of eating !l, it is rpiiie im palatable, and I lielicve more wholesome, than when ealun warm: that IS to say, w hen it is lirst made. It may likewise be pill cold.^vilhont any preparation, into hot milk: and Ihis mixinre is by no means unpala- table, parlicnlarly if it is sulli'red lo remain in the milk till it is warmed ihronghont, or if it be boih'd in the milk a few momenis. "A fiivorite dish in America, and a very good otX", is made of cold boiled cabbage chopped fine, with a small (]uaiility of cold boiled beef, and slices of cold hasly pudding, all llieil together in butler or hog's lard. " Thmigh hasly |iiiildings are commonly made of Indian meal, yet it is by no means uncommon to make lliem of etpi.'d pans of Indian, and of rye meiil ; — and they are somelinies made of rye meal alone; or of lye meal and wheat flour mixed. '• To give a satisfactory idea of the expense of preparing hasty puddings in ihis counlry, { Eng- land) and of feeding the poor with Ihein, 1 nuide Ihe fedlowing experiment: — .Ahoiit two pints of water, which weighed just two lbs. avoirdupois, were put ov»r the fire in a sauce-pan of ;i proper size, and .'58 grains in weight of 1-120 of a pound of salt lieing added, the ualer was made to boil. During the lime- it was heating, small ipiaruitiea of Indian meal were stirred inio il, and care was taken, by moving the water briskly ahoui, with a wooden spoon, to prevent the meal from heini: formed iulo lumps; ami as olien ;is any lnin|i.s were oliKfirTi d, they were earKlully firoken wiili a spoon ; — the boding was then conlinued half an hour.«ul during this time ihe |)udding was eon- timially stirred about with the wooden spoon, and so mneb more meal was added as was found necessary to bring the jindiliug to a proper con- sistency. This being done, it was laken from the fire and weighed, and was Ibnnd to weigh just 1 lb. Hi oz. Upon weighing the meal which remained (ihe ipianiily (irst provided having been exactly delerniiueil by weight in tire beginning of the expeflme,nl) it was loimd that just hrilf a pound ot' meal had bee.u nsid. ''Fnim the lesnll of ihis experlnieni it appears, fi)r each pomul of meal employeil in making hasty puddifigs, we may reckon 31b. itoz. of the pudding. ''Though hasly-pndding is, I belii've, the cheap- est food ihat can be [U'epaied wlih Inilian corn, yet several olher yury cheap dishes may be made of il, which in general aj'e eonsidiM'eil as beim; more palatable, and which, most probably, would he prel'erred in this counlry; and among ihese wliat in America is called ti plain Indian pudding cerlainly holds the first place, and can hardly f"ail to be much liked by those, who will be per- suaded to try it. It ir- not only cheap and whole- smne, but a great delicacy ; and it is prinei.|ially on acconnt of these puddings Ihal llie Ameri- cans, who reside in Ihis country, [Enghmd] im- port annually for iheir own consumption Indian conn fiom the coniinem of America. '•In oidei' lo he able lo give the most particu- lar and satisfiiclory iiilornialion respecting Ihe ntanner of preparing tliese Indian puddings, I caused one oi' Ihem lo he made here, (in London) under my imim-diale direction, hy a person born and brought up in Norlli .Ananica, and who nnderslands perll-clly the .American art of cook- ery in all ils hranci es. "This pudding, which was allowed by com- petent judges who tasted it to be as good as lliey had ever ealen, was I'omposed and prepared in the following manner: Jlpprovcd receipt for making a plain hiiHan Ptid- di7ig. " Tlirci- pminds of Indian meal, (from wlii(di ihe bran had been separated hy sifting il in a com- mon hair sieve) were put into a large bowl, and fire pints nf hoilins; uatfr weri' put lo it. and ihe whole Well silrred logelher; threr i/uarttrs nf a pound of motnUsnt am! one ounrc nf salt were tiieu added to it, and these being well mixed, by stir- ring ihem wiili ihe other iiigredient.s, the pud- ding was poured into a fit ha:;; and the bag be- ing lied np (an empty space liein:r lefl in lying it equal lo about one-sixlh of ils contenis, lor giv iiig room lor ihe pudding in swell) this pudding was put into a kellle of hailing water, and was boiled sir hours without inlermission ; the loss of the water in the kettle by evaporation during this lime being Irccpiciitly replaced with boiling water from another kettle. "The [inddinp upon being taken onl of the bag weighed leii pounds and one ounce ; and it was fonnd to be perlectly done, not having ihe smallest remains of that raw taste so disafiree- able to all p.'daies, and parlicnlarly lo ibose who are not used lo it, which always pjednminales in dishes prepared of Indian meal wlien they are not snnicieully cooked. "'I'bis piiiiding whiidi ou:;!i( lo come out of the bag siiHicieiilly bard lo retain its liirni, and even to be cut into slici's, is so rich and pahiiahle, Ihat il may well be ealen wiibontauy sauce; but those who can .-ifford it commonly eat it with i butler. A slice of ihe pudding, about half an inch, or three ipiarlers of an incli in ihii kness, being laid liot upon a plaie, an excavation is made in tlie middle of it, wiih the point of the knifi', iulo which a small piin-e of bnlter, as large perhaps as a nutmeg, is put, :itid where it soon uiells. To ex|)edite the melting ot' the bnlter, ihe small piece of pudding which is cm out of ihe middle ol' the slice toli)rm the excavation for leceiving the bniler, is I'retpiently laid over Ihe huller I'itr a few momenis, and is taken :iway (and ealen) as soon as the butter is melted. If the butler is not salt enough, a little salt is put into it alter it is melted. The pudding is to he eaieii with a knife and fink, beginning at the circum- ference of ihe slice and approaching regnl.irly towards ihe cenire, each piece of piiihlinir being laken np with the fork, ami dipped into it in part unlji, as 1^ conunonly the case, belore it is carried to tlie mouih. " A point of great iinporlance in preparing an Indian pudding, is lo boil it properly .-I'ld suj/i- cienthj. The w.iier must be actually boiling when the pudding is put into il ; and it never iniist be snlfered to cease boiling for a momeiil, till it is done; and if the pnddinz is not boiled six huiirs, it will not be sidTiciently cooked. lis hardness, when done, will depend upon the space h'fl in Ihe hag alier ils expansion. The consis- tency of the pudding ought lo be such, that it can lie taken out of the bag without falling to pieces; — hut it is always belter, on many ac- connls, to make it luo li.iril than too soli. T.ie form of the pudding may be that of a cylinder: or rather of a truncated one, the largest end being towards Ihe month of the b;ij, in order lhal it may lie got out of the bagwiih tiieater facility: or it may be made of globular form, by tying it np in a napkin. Hut whatever is the form of the pudding, ihe bag, or napkin in whicli it is lo be boiled, must be wet in boiling water before ihe pudding, (whicli is quite li piiil before it is boiled,) is pouieil into il ; oiheiwise it will be apt lo run ihrongh the cloth. '"Though this pudding is so good, perfectly plain, when made according to ihe directions here given that I do not think it capable of any real improvement ; yet there are various addilions that may be made lo il, and lhal Ireipieiilly are made to it, which may perhaps be i|]on;;lit by some to .'ender it more palatable, or otherwise lo improve it. Sud may, for inslance, be added, and Iheie is no suet pudding whatever superior 10 it ; and as no sauce is necessary wilh ii suet pudding, ihe expense of the suet will be nearly balanci'il by the saving of bniler. To a pmldiiifj of the size of that jnsi described, in the coinpo- siliun of which three pounds of Indian meal were used, one |MMinii of suet will be sulficieiil ; and this, in general, will not cost more ihan from five pence lo s'X pence even in London; and the bniler for sauce lo a plain pudding' ol' the same size would cost nearly as much. The suet puddiiiy will indeed be rather the cheapest oi' ihe two, (in- llie pound of suet will add a pound in weight to llie pudding; — \< liereas the bniler will only aild live ounces. "As die pnihliug, made plain, weighinir 10 1-10 lbs. cost .IS pence, llie same pnddini;, wilb the addiliou of one pound (d' each, would wei^b 11 I-lli lb. and would cost l| pence,— nckon the snet at six pence the po I. Ilcnee il appe;ns ihat Inillan snel pudding may he iiia.U> lu Loudon for about otic pcnni/ a pound. Whealeii lueail, which is by no me:ins so palatable, and ceilaiiily not half so nnliilive, now cosls somelbing more lliaii three pence llie pound : and lo this may lio added, that dry bread can hardly be e;ilen alone, hui of snel pudding a very comfortable meal may he made wiihonl any ihing else. "A pudding in great repnle in all parts of llie Norlh America, is wlial is called an apple pud- ding. This is an Indian [ludding, someliinea Ql\)z imrmcr's iUoiUI)li) bieiior. 3 uitli. nnil soMii'liint'S uiilioiii siier, with clricd niliiiiss of sWL'ft ii|i|ilcM mixed wi'.li it; .nid wlii'ii fMlfii U'illi liiitirr, it is most dulioioiis Tood. 'I'licsr ;i|i|ili's, uIiIrIj iiru pjij-i'd Jis soon lis ilicv nil' liMlliiTcil (rom llie Ii'fc, iiiid heiiijr cut irilo simmII [licccs, iii-e Creed li'om llicii- eoros,!iiid tlini-- oii:;hly iliied in llie sun, iri:iy lie kept irood foi- scvei'id years. Tlie |iioporlioiis of the iriL'i'edi- oiit.s ui'i'.d ill maliiiiu; iliesc; Jippli; fiiiddiii^s lire viiiioiis ; liiit, ill ^'iMieriil, idioiit oiio pound of dried iipples is iiiived wiili throe pounds of iiieid, — thnje (iiiarters of :i pound of mol.isses, — half iin ounce of siill iind live pints of iioilinjr wiiter. "In America, viuious kinds of henies, found wild ill the woods, siieh as huekhiheriies, Ik I- heri-ies, wlioriie-lieiTJes, &r. are ■lathered and dried, and alierwnrils used as in^rredieiits in THiliiin pudilin?:s: and dried pliiiiis and cherries may he iiiadi' use of in the same niiiniier. "All these Indian puddings have this ailvant- a;;e in common, that they are very -.'ood wanned up. Tliev "ill all keeii frooil several days; and ulieii cut into lliin slices and toasted, are an ex- cellent suhsiitiiie for bread." Plaiitntiou cultivation in Alitbama. Mr. Cal- houn as a fanner. As !lie ,;.'real man and decided fivorite of the South, and espei'ially of ids ouii 'naiive stale oi' South Carolina, ilie Hon. .Fcdin (X Calhoun has heen receiiily re-plai'cd in the Senate of the United Slates. In the pre; ent state of political parlies ue lielievi^ lliere is no other man of any oilier Stale who would eommand an eleciion with the almost entire unanimity and partlnlliy sliown to the eniinant statcsniaii of the South on the occasion of this election. But as it is not the ohject of this paper to laud any man for his |ioliticul course and opinions, we will say no more of Mr. Calhoun under this head than e.\- pre-ss our helief that «ith reluctance he assented both to liecoine a meiiiher of iVlr. Tyler's cahinet from which he retired on the 4tli of March last, mid suh.se(|uently to hecome a meinlier ol the Senate for uhieh place a vacancy Was made hy resiinalion of a rnemher and a snhsiMjueiu elec- tion was had hy tl.e legislature ol' his state. Mr. Calhcuiii, it will he rememhered, was a ineniher of Coniiress thirty-two years ago. His active lite aiirl regular haliits, (ni tlie basis of a fine coiistituiion, have preserved the erect pos- ture and the youns; aspect of the man of forty years; very little chaime seems to have yone over liitn in the last tilieen years. For all the purposes of menial or physical labor lie appears to be now as well ipialltied as at any period of his liii.'. (./'hastened probably hy the disappoint- iiients to which most public men ol' ardent tem- perament are doomed, at this lime of life Mr. Calhoun would seem not to have lost llie henetils of a loiiir experience in public life. Many of our public men and men of wealth have "done the slate some service " in their ef- fiirls lo improve the Ai'riciiliure of the eoimiry: \Vashiii;jlon, Liviiiifston, Armstron;.', Lowell and oihers ill by-s;oiie limes, by example and precept, have aided in the work — men of eminence and wealili of ih;; present time, Van Liureii, Clay and Webster, are proud if) be numbered amon?; those who are iiii|iroveis of the soil. Few of these bovvever, are so ((jrtiinate as to i;et hack the money tliijy expend. Mr. Calhoun may be m(;ntioned as an exception. We have remarked that individuals of the South, in the re^jioii of slave lalior, have as plan- ters become men of wealth; and this too while the planting' interest L'cnerally in iIk; old slave stales seems not to have succeeded ei|ually as well as the sinalliM- liirminj; of the norlln'rn and midille states where free labor only has been employed. The su;;ar plantations upon the Mis- sippi as wcdl as the cotton plantations in Alabama &c., to which the owners of older worn-out plantations in the Carolinas and Georgia have emi^'rated, have made lor their owners in some instances larf;e fortunes. Mr. Calhoun, ahliouirh eiipi5;eil in public life iiiost of the time for thirty years, has, we believe, all the limeiLieen the owner of a |.'lantalioii. The place of his residence in tlie interior of Soiilli Carolina, is a plantation or firm short of two himdred acres. This bad been a subject of his care and attention when at home for several years. VVashinj.'ton when retired lo the shades of Mount Vernon used ilailv to visit his firms of several tlionsand acres on horseback. A friend and acqiiainlance of the South Carolina stales- inan iiiforins us, that be has bi-iA in the habit of risiii;; at the early dawn of inornin;; anil trav- crsinj; his smaller plaiitallon, on loot, returiiliifj to breakliist wet up to tbe chin with the dew from the foliaije thron^li which he had made his way. Within the last ten years Mr. Calhoun, in con- nexion withal son who pi;rsoiially sn|)ei intends it, lias taken up and made a highly productive plantation in the Slate of Alabama some two or three hundred miles distant from bis Carolina resideiici'. Tliis plantation is situaied in the county of iMiiriMiL'o, a limidred miles or so soiitli- weslcrly of Moni'zomery. The valuable lands in Alab.ima sei'in every wjiere lo be broii;;lit at no very ^reiit dislance from the w.'iKu's ol'some nav- iyalile river; and this plaiitalion of Mr. Calhoun has that ailvantai:;e. It is silu.ited .diove the ex- leiidcd pine re^'ion which runs aloii;; the coast lhroui;li the Carolinas, Genr;.'ia, the Floridas and Alabama nearly lo the iMississippi river: its loca- tion and soil were such as to leave it for several years without a siipposahle value. There were no s[n-iii!;s of water or rinminj; brooks upon it. 'J'liere was a rich lilaek soil often, twelve to tiyhteen inches upon the surface. Below this was a layer of loose shell marl of twenty inclie.'? to two or three (eet through which the surface water soaked and ran ol}' instead of findiiiL' its way out upon the surface. Below this loose shelly layer was anoiher compact body of blue subsoil of various depths which may also be denomiiialed marl, beinjj with the loose overlay composed of liom lifiy to seventy per cent, of lime. The land is iiniliilating so tb.it from one Ihiril to one half of llie plaiitalion in the early part of the season, without draining was too wet lor cullivalion. Tlie great improvement made upon this plan- tation has been done by ditching and draining. The lower or swampy parts have been made most productive by taking otf the water, which soon retires below the two upper layers. The craw- fi.-;li, which is common in the southern country, has taught the people how lo find water in a country where there are no gushing springs and livulels as in New Kngland. In tbe dry seascm bis hole upon llie snrlaee is perforated to the depth of the retiring water. The iMessrs. Calhoiins have been consiantly improving tin ir premises by drainage : we think it was staled that lilieen miles of drain had been made, and thirteen wells or reservoirs lo receive porticnis of the water liafi been sunk at iliflerent points upon il. These wells planked up have at the dryesi seasons furnished the necessary water supply for all the purposes of the plaiitalion. Althiiiigb furnished by no lining spring, yel the supply conlmued to be cold and healthiul, an- swering all the purposes of the best living wa- ter of which the soil thus constiuiled was sup- posed to be destitute. Two or more ]iiirchnses of land were made to make this pl.intaiion. About six linmlred acres had been cullivaled beliire the present owners went upon it. They liave now brought about twelve hundred acres under the plough, and much the most valuable of this is that part which was of little or no value before it was drained. The result is, that three hundred thousand pounds of cotton are raised upon the plaiilatinn and a surplus of six tlionsand bushels of corn over and above the eonsiiniption of ilie foice necessary to perlljiiii the labor. 'J'he number of working hands is about eighty : thetuhole colored popn- lalioii, men, women and children is probably nearly double the iiiiniber of out-door workers. So healthy is the population upon ibis ground, and so carefully are the young children nursed, ihiil only a single death of one young child bad taken place for several years upon the planta- tion. A line black boy of eight or ten years, while thawing water troin one of the arlificial wells accidentally (idl in and was drowned. ('orn and cotton are crops exhausting to the ground; but the sweel potato which is liorne to the amount of about three hundred bushels to the acre in well cullivaterl ground and a kind of peas common to the south, ari! said to be reno- vating crops which will long keep up the fertility of the soil. Underlaid as the whole plantation is with a rich marl which only wants exposure to the atmosphere to become a perfectly ferliliz- ing manure, we would suppose a soil like this could never IJiil of the requisite richness. From the great product tif corn and cotlon produced by the iiiiiiibi>r of liamfs, ihcro can be no doubt ihat iIk^ expeuditun,' liir draining and sinking of wells is an excellent iiivestiiieiit upon this .'\labama plantation. On till' subject of .'\griculture anil llie increased production of the country, Air. Calhoun discovers all the eiilhusiasm we might expect from one who has been completely successful in some new and im|)ortant experiment. That his oiiilav ii])- on the Alabama plantation, reclaiming a porlioil of old land which produced little and aihfliig aiiniially productive new fields lo the old, bus been a provident and well-timi'd expenditure, ue can have no rea.lands extend north and south fiom latilnde .W ileg. 58 mill, to .W deg. Ill mill. S., and east and v\esi I'roin long, ."i/ deg. '.Vi mill, to (il (leg. 1:2!) miii. W. The fea- thered tribes, he remarks, arc very numerous on the lonely isles in the southern hemisphere, both ill the South Seas and in iheSiailh .\tlanlic Ocean. Of penguins llieie jire four kinds which resort to' eiiade by day. and (or the seiiliiiels to patrol by night. The whole area is then laid out in little squares y whom no ri'porl lui.'- lis ji-t t;vi:P' liccii tiitidi; of llie ex- istfiK'L' ol' j,'iiiiiio. It imist l)e iiilepTcd, li'nrn tlie jiciiK^ imhI sc:iicliiii^' tidi'Mt wliich jMoircIl sliows I'ur oli.scrv.ilioii, ll);it In; uould iiol liiivi' :illoWL-d tlie ocfdiriMicn ot'jriKiiio on the F.illihnid Islands, or on otiieiv (rrinally tliu resort of sc,i-|invl, to havi' csi-aiu'd Inni, had it oxisttul. He wonhl have recordril tin; fact irj his description of llie Sooth Sea roolu-rii's, anil his lar-seein^' eye «onhl not liuve liiiled to discover in nio{jnlains of this snii- staiiei', nionnmetits ot' |Modnclioii, which, if not ol' a vi;ry pnre iiaiinv, yel lui: of more leal im- liortanee to mankinil than wliat is so often iecr)rd- cd in the annals of otiiin" hi|ii'il repidilics of liii^h- er iiitelli^'ence, hot of mnch less anliijnity. I( is ohvioiis. lliin'id'ore, that peculiar <"anses e.\ist for the acenniidalioi! anil pr>-s<.'rvation of the diin^r of tliose hirils, in sncii enormous lieils as (rover some islands on the coast of Pern, Jioiivia, and Africa ; anil we are not to look for these causes alone in the mere temperature of their climale. ftlaiiy rocky ishnids and precipitoiis shores with- in the tropics, in full possession of tlie feathered tribes of the ocean, may have thus at least one physical cause existinj; without any siieli accii- niulalion, and this could scarcely occur without beiii}; noted liy the pryiuj: eye of man. In sncli climates, the heavy periodical rains, imconnie]-- acled hy other agency, iinist dissolve every ihiiii: which is soluble of whatever is deposited on the siirtiiee of the earth, and what is not so di-solveit would be otherwise in all likelihood washed away ; the same must occur in temperate and collier climates, where the coui'la^it alternations of wi.'tness and dryness, and of heat and cold, must ra|jidly efl'ect a thoion>:h decojnposilion, and facilitati; ^'rcatly tlie disaj-pearance of all such inatlcrs. If we lake a .survey of the localities iii which f,'uano has hitherto been found in larye ipiantiiies, we shall find causes in operation which will ac- count for its aceiiinnlalion. The sealM):uil of Peru and Bolivia, from 3 de^'. to i>-i (leg. south latitmle, a .space of about 1,480 miles ill a direct line, is i;enerally of a lij;ht sandy soil, never refreshed by ji drop" of rain, and al- tlioiij;h the dews are heavy, rhey si'eni of little eonseipience to vc;;etatiou. On this coast are the nmnerons islands upon which take place the laiiie rle|)i)>ils of fTuano : on the islands of Chincha and Pacqiiica, according' to nood anihority, the beds are of i;real depth .and the quality exceediiiL'ly ;;ood, but from the coast of Chili, where rain fre- tpienily fills, the unano is inferior. Morrell, who seems to li.ave vis teil most of those islands on ihe coast of Peru, makes mention of two islands named [,obiis .M'nero, and Lobos de Terra ; anil the laliir is in latilude (i ile^'. 34 min. S., and lon- gitude SO de^. 4.5 mill. W., and has a safe and eonvenient harbor on Ihe north side, " lliey are covered," says he, '■with the ilnnii' of acipiatic birds, suflicient to load thousands of ships, haviiij; been aceuniulatiiifr for imlold afies. Jt is calli-il irucinar by the Spaniards. ami is probably ihe rich- est manure in the world."' If we now liirii to the coast of Africa, we shall (iml bom the same aullior, that Ichaboe Island is covered to the depth of twenty-five feet with gua- no, iind is within om; iriile and a half from the main, and forty-one miles lo the iinrlhwaid of IV-.->sessioii Island, which is in latitude 2G dei.'. '>7 iTTu. S., lon^'iiiide I.") de;;. S mi:i. E. 'I'he sonlh and west coast, from alnnit latitude | l(j ileg. to '27 lie;;, south, is a dreary sandy waste, ;:eneially destitute of water. The desert in the uei.uhborliood of .\ii;:ra Pcijuina extends into the interior about forty miles, which beinj: traversed, u country is reached, inhabited by an inofj'ensive mill civil race of Hottentots, possessini;, as you advance farther, innumerable flocks of c.-ittle, where the land becomes tine and feriiie. About 800 miles of the sea-roast, Morrell savs, runiiinf,' north-west and south-east, almost every mile of u liich was examined by him, presents ii raii^e of sandy deserts, upon an aveiajie nearly forty miles in breadth. Durintr ten nioiitlis of the year here, there i^ scarcely a drop of rain, and for the other two months very little lulls. The at- mosphere is pure, warm and dry, to such a de- firee, that a quarter of fresh beef, weighinj: two limidred wei^'ht, h.ingin;: in the rigging, will be- come per(in-tly dry. without being tainted in the slightest degiee, even to the bone. Thus, to nil appearances, there are identical agencies existing on the coast of Peru and Alii ca, where guano is foimil of such superior ipiali ty and in such wonderful abimdaiice. l''or the dejiosuion and ai'cumulatiiiu, then, of guano, in any particular locality, it is essential that tlieri! should be a sea-eoast on uliicli there are iiumerons isolated rocky silnatimis, where sea-fowl may collect iinniolistcd to hatch their young, and seas in the vicinity supplying .ibiiii- dance of food ; warmth of climale, little or in rain, and a perpetually dry atmosphere. I'lider a terrestrial ;ind atmospherical conibinalion of this soil. Or. M. Haniihon calculates that a mill- ion of birds will prmlnce (ilieeii tons of guano daily, subject lo no fnrlher loss from evaporation. No mean ipiantity wonhl thus in a very few years be aceiimnlated In liivoriible situations, , -11111 many such, it is reasonable to suppose, are to be found III both hemispliere.s. We can foresee that the stimulus given by the success which has already altended the voyages for .African guano, and the idea that the supplies will soon be exliansteil, both on the coast of Peru and .Africa, must naturally lead to the exploiatiou of new re:.'ioiis, liir an article apparently every year growing more and more in request. It will, however, only be by looking to those topograph- ical bearings referied to, that anyone can expect to make fresh discoveries of deposits of thissiib- stiince to an extent which will make them an ob- ject of commercial enterfirise, or of a quality which will realize the hopes of the farmer. — Dr. JacLion on Guano. For the F.iriiier's Monthly Visitor, Without Dtiiiders. Since some contributor to the Visitor |)ointi'd out the advantages of dispensing with blinders upon biiilles, I have notiei.'il a considerable mim- ber of hors<:s in carriages .villi their eyun W^ni from this incumbrance. They appeared a little singular and naked, but did not, that I noticed, shy at all; and J am inclined to the opinion that in this matter the Germans are right, and no people manage or treat their horses better. From some expeiiem-e in horses, 1 sliouhl think it best not to trust a horse at once that has been accus- tomed to blinders, as he would be apt to take fright if at all skittish : but liir colts I would pre- ler that they should see, and ol^ce so broken to Ihe harness, no blinders would ever be required. A considerable number of horses are apt lo be scared when they see the top of a cari-iage in motion, as if it were about 10 fjill upon iheiii; and this occurs otdy in those horses used to blinders. If the bridle has been lengthened in the headstall i'nr a larger horse, when the rein is pulled il opens so that he is enabled to see through under it, iinil is then very apt to run jiway. There is also an advantage that I do not recol- lect to have .seen mentioned. In descending a pebbly or stony hill, a horse should be enabled to see where to place his hind feet, es|iecially if loaded with much weiglif. Most of the blinders used linbid this, as they fill below, as wi II as project above, the eye. Very many horses have been permanently in- jured by placing their feet upon roniiil or loose stones in goirigilown hill. \ sadflle horse iu'ver or seldom does this, ;uhI they would if their eyes were uncovered, be as careful in harness as oiii of it. (-)iir race of horses are perhaps equal to any other on the globe, taking them altogether. In this I mean our northern horses; for they are here belter than those of the Southern States, In the latler they li.ive a kw .superior riding horses; the rest are miieli inferior to the horses with us. But it is the (qmiion of many that we much abuse our horses by fist driving. Horses that are almost constantly upon the road in large waggons with very betivy loads, and which move slouly along, keiqi very fat and last to a -surpris- ing old a'.'c. These same horses, driven fast with small loads, would be lean and soon worn out. I do not mean of course that we shouhl all travel at the slow pace of a loaded waggon, but, save onr horses flesh, save our expense in keep- ing them, ;ind, by moderate and humane speed, make our carriages, as well as our horses, last double the time they do. In nine cases out of ten those who drive so (iist as we see theni doing daily, could not tell why it is neees.sary. No good cause could be assigned. And isit not almost always either a want of sen.se, or matu- rity of year.s, that is evinced by liist driving? When I have seen a fine horse panting under thi; lasli, the driver has always suflered in my estimation. One sensible man, the other day, said that he wished tliere was a law for reward- ing those who used horses with kindness. His neighbor replied, there is now such a law, and what is more coniforlable than in some other case.s, it cannot be changed by our legislat.irs. "It is equal to two hniidred per cent, boiiiuy, and is greatly more reputabh> into the bargain." " llovr is that.'" "Why in the first place one animal well used, with moderate driving, will last as long as two in succession (friven fast; this is oni: hundred [ler cent. gain. Then one half the feed will keep the well treated horse in equally good eonditiou ; this is another hundred. And, furthermore, the man is esteemed for his kiiidiii'ss by all those whose esteem is the most desirable." Ami we will add the broken carriages and broken necks may be thrown into the bargain equal to another hundred percent. Better than all, and more valuable, is the satis- faction fell for kindly nsi'Uj; a gift of Proviilence. AMHERST. For the Karnier's Mnnttily Visitor. Potato Rot. From the results of experience and investiga- tion, this disease appears to be a '• parasitical fiingus." very small, but in its nature like the toadstool or Mushroom. From this fict the last season I considered what would destroy this veg- etable excrescence, either in the seed or after Ic should have given imperceptible evidei ce of ex- istence; and to accomplish my purpose dipped the seed potatoes, just before planting, in strong brine, and while wet dusted them with fresh slacked oripiick lime. Very few of my potatoes have shown any sign of the rot, although many were in a dise.-ised state at the time of planting. It may, or may not, have done good. As it did no injiiiy, I intend to try it again. P. For the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. Grapes. Your correspondent, Mr. Brown, who has suc- ceeded so well v/iih his grapes, at Washington City, is no doubt aware that we in New Hamp- shire are too fir north for the Isabella or Catawba grapes. With great care the Catawba has, in a long summer'^ succeeded at Boston, or in the vicinity; but most frequently the frost has caught the unrl|ie fruit. Wo have grapes in our woods that, by cnllivalion, would greatly improve, an both of the above kinds have done, lor they are both natives, I believe of Maryland and Vivginiii. Our fox grape, if suH'ered to become fully ripe, is not an indifTerent fruit, and scarce any tiring is more productive than a grape vine. Major .Allium, who lininerly resided near Washington, and who mannfuctured wine from the Catjiwba ;.'rape, mentions that the parent vino taken from the woorls in Slaryland, produced over thirty bushels of grapes per yetir for more than twenty years iu succession. He preferred prunins his vines iu the hill nf the year, as soon as the leaf had been seared by the frost ; as he said that the grapes were, on such vines a few days earlier than those pruned in the spring. The Isabella is the best grape to kteji, and cot- ton packing is most approved. G. Pomts of a Good Dairy Cow. It is adniitled that cows are sometimes met with which give large yields of milk and butter, that have few or none of the point.i usually con- sidered indicative of excellence. Some farmers, indeerl, seem to consider beauty or symmetry wholly incompatible with good milking qualities, and, jndgnig from their own herds, believe that the more ugly and niicouth the shape and ap- pearance of their cows, the better they are. .Although in this case the breeder should re- gard dairy qualities as id" the first importance, he should by no means be satisfied with these. His cows may give a large quantity of milk under circumstances which particularly liivor them, and yet lack some of the essential requisites of prof- itable stock — such as coustit-ution, and an ability to sustain themselves under disadvantages of 6 Qll)c lamux's illontl)ly Visitor. food and oliinate. A week coiistitirtioiied cow, wli(;i) liij,'lily (id ;in(l well prot^-clcd. rreqiieiilly gives tnucl] inill<, tli(iiij:Ii it is iipt lo lie ilefieieiu ill ricliiiess, mid iiolwillistjiiidiii^' plie reriiiiies more . 'twa-* sad and pale ,\s Ihe sn.iw> bile of her blidal veil . And lln- villag" loaub-ns oiiw :rrd came, Wini gleeful lanuh in Itie f 'Slive train ; .•Viid the chosen loril of this fair young bride, He ga/.i'd on Ida with doaling pi id.-. .\lt weallby was he, bill haggard and old, Willi grim dull e\)iresston, mid heart .as cold To emotions of pile, as the darksome poml. Win-.- er-t stood llie Siiidenl, with heart so fond ; Now lloating on, \vilh muriniirs hoar^se, Th" waters bon- Ihe pale youth's corse; Sad Iil:i ga/ed Willi [ihrensied meiii — Willi III ol'ning yell shi? shrieked his name ; And swin. ere her dotard lord could save, Her fairy form w.is 'nealh Hie wave. Heller, far better, be grim death's bride. Then strive, llirough life, one's feelings In hide ; Heller, far belter, pluck Ihe rose in its perm, Kre it grails in its heart the foul canker-uorni ! PlitladditUiii, 'I'lie liillow hig excja-riiiiciit iii.ide with I'lasler of I'aris, copied lioui a newspaper printed more lliati fifty yeuib ago, might talisly ii.i of the i'las- liish'd. fifiV^ jwr^j^.t* '-■!-- ■■P.iiyi'j. ■-*' ■^w■^L'u^■'^-Jw ^^L^M^^w'■*^•^^^»-^•^^''''^':^*^*^;''?V ,.^.-, ■ .«^i>W!iBBBt!::i^'^-.BEJUA.JUJLH'W:*:»WH»».i-U villjc /armcr'5 iUcintl)lij Hiriitor ter of Paris iis a iimiiure. lis action is more im- iiit'dialc. and ii.or.; a|)|iaiciit on some kiinl.s ol luiiil and ujioii .some kinds of CTO|)s lliaii n|iiMi ollicrs. VVi; bclifvi- its (-(riTis will always sooiMir or lali.-r lie Hit on alinosi i:vi'ry kind ol' li^lil sdi- rions soil, ami llial If' it lias lilllc ui-tion in a wet season its virtors iL-inain lor action aliervvards on lliu sanii: ^roniid. rnini the (i.-iii-ll:' of llip liialcil States. Nov. 7, I7e;). Plaster of Paris. Copy of a Icllrr from Roheti Morris to Jesse Law- rence. Alter tlie roiivfrsavioii that passed lietuefii ini; and tliee on lliti suliji^ct of ria.-lcr of Paris, I conceived it ini^lit not lie ini|iro|ier to -live lliec an account of tin; several liials vvliicli I liave made with it as a iiiaiiiire for land. Purlia|iS it nii^ilit have liccii in the year 1775 that it was rcconinicndcd to mo as ji rnaninn for land: I ac- cordiriiily pnrchasHi! five liiishels— yc^t my liiitli ihereiii Cv.is so weak, that it lay nnlil 1778, when in the month of IMaicli I sowed at the rate of two and a half Imshels per acre on Jiome j;round which I had tilled and sow,;d with clover seed the spiiiijr preeeedin.i:, Icaviii!; a piece in tlie middle not isowcd, anil likewise on eaMi side. Thai season, where then; was no phisler sown, the clover sigod on the j;roniid aliont twelve inches liii;h ; lint w here the plaster was sown tla; clover siood upon an avera;;e tliirty-foiir inches liiLdi. This ^'roiind I jsowed for alioni four sea- Soi;s alter, and liiiind i' to have le.s.s giMss every year, lhoni;li that which was sown with the plas- ter had as ninch more in proportion as the (iist year. 1 afterwait(M' of I'aris in the year 178.i, and no oilier manure whatever since 177t^, and it is now in much helter older than it was at that time, and it h;is produced me alioiit two ton,'< of hay every year for the fust crop, and a lolerahle i.'ood Sfcond crtm-e; ihonjili the later to the acre. ] havf likewise made many expel iment.>t otherwise ; I have tried it with In- dian coin, where it does Kderahle well — uiih lliiekwheat, and it makes it ;;rovv r^o r.-ipidly that il ha.s always lalleii down, and 1 have lost my crop. ] have tried it with whe;it, and it^ is not pos^ihle to discover that it makes any difterence when sown on liic: cro|i: lint when il is sown on frrass jrroiind, and this .L'loimd tinned up and laid down in wheat, it is ainazin;; the advanuige it is of to the crop. Last lall was a year 1 put ilo\vii ahont eiuht acres of wheat, which 1 harrinved in and then sowed clover .-eed, which c.ime up and looked very fine in the fall ; hut the winter heiii^' vervseveM! with hot lillh- snow, the clover was dead in thc^ sprinir: when I sowed it a^'ain with clover seed and ahont .-^i.-J hiishels of plaslev t, 178D. Cidifitilhl Clement ii/(W/f.— " The said piaster is hronjiht from Nova Scotia, and is in irreat re- pute." ' A new Agricultural M'riiikle. A fnimy story is told id" an old friend of mirs — one who, sick and tired of the c.ire ami hustle of a city life, has retired into the <-oniiIry and "mine til farmin,!.'," as the sayinu' is. His land, albeit well situated and commanding sundry ro- maiitie prospects, is not so particularly fertile as some we have seen — required .■■cietititie culture and a lihiu-al use of irnaiio of .some sort to induce an alumdaiii yield, tfo far hy way of e>,plaiiatioii. 1 Once upon a time, as the story-hooks say, our friiMid, hein:; on a short visit to the city, was ai- teiulin;r an siiiction sale down town, and it so happened, they were sellini,' dama;;cd sasuages at the lime. There were some ei^ht or ten barrels jif them, and they were '■jiini :itrA\'^ at filiy cents per bar- rel," svlieii the auctioneer, with all apparent seri- ousness remarked that they were worth more than that to maiinre land with. Here was an idea. "Si.xty-two and a half." said our friend. " Jnst goiiif: at sixty-two and a half— third and last pall— gone." retorted the auctioneer. '• Cash lakes them at ,»i\ly-tvvo and a li.nlf per barrel." To have them shipped for his country seat was tlie immediate work of our friend, and as it was pl.iniiii;; time, and the sausages, to use a common expression, " was petting no bettor very last ;" to have them sali; under ground, and out of the way was his next moveiiKUit. He w;i,s about to plaul a liefkl of several acres of corn — .so, here was just the spot for this new experiment in ag- ricnhiire, this new wrinkle in the science of yeo- I ies. One " link " of sausage heeing deemed amply sufiicient, that amount was placed in each hill, accompanied hy the usu.il number of kernals of corn and an oc-casional pumpkin seed, and all were nicely covered over in thi^ usual style. Now, after premi.-in:; that several days have oc- eiired sinci; the corn was planted, the sequel of the story shall be told in a dialogue between our friend and one of his neighbors. Neighbor,—" Well, tiiimd, liave you planted your corn ?" Friend.— "Yes, .several days since." Neighbor. — " Is it up yet ?" I.'iji.'uii. — "Upl yes; up and gone; the most of il." Nei-hbor.-" How's tliat?" Friend.— Well, yon see I bought a lot of dain- aacil sausages in Orleu,iis the other day, a sttiooih- toii;;ned auctioneer saying they wonhl make ex- c(dlcnt uiunnre, if nothing else. I brought the lot over, commenced planting' my corn at once, as it was time, placed a sausage in each hill, Neighbor.—" Well, and what ■" Fiieiid.— '• And felt satisfied that I had made a good jiib of it. Some days after I went out to the field to see how my corn wan coming on, and a pretty piece of business I h.ive made of trying aiiricullnral experiments." Neighbor. — "Why, what was the matter?" l.'iif.ud. — ".Mailer! the first thing 1 saw, before reaching the field, was the greatest lot of dogs digging ami siratcbiiig all over it! There were my do:;s, and your dogs, and all the neighbor's ddgs, besides aboin three hundred strange dogs 1 never set eves on before, and every one was that the more minutely blood has been examined, the more clearly it appears to be not only an im- proper, but a daiigeroua food. Jt is extremely subject to putresceii<:e. Scarcidy is it exlrHvan- ated and exposed to the air, tliaii it sliow.s obvi- ous svmploms of putridity. Hence wolves, foX(!S, &L,r., more sagacious than hnmati blooil-eaters, .suck it from llie vi'ins of the animals. Kxpose it a short lime to the iiifiiieiice of the air, and the most voracious brute will rtd'use to ta,-,te it. Blood is also the seat and organ of almo.st every animal disease: inflammation and putridity are the seeds of disease, and these have nut only their origin in the blooti, bin are often (Concealed and secretly working in it, huig ere the disease shows itself in the system. None of the milder animals eat blood- liotio but the most savage, ferociou.-* and arlfiil brutes live on it. Humanity is characleristir- ot' man ; how improper, then, would il be, were it per- mitted in man to act as a brother to animals the most ferociniis of the brutal world ! I pursue the siibject no liirlher, though iniicll more minlit be said in deprei-atioii of the recom- mendation of" M. S. H," which I tru.st none will follow. — Quercus, in Lotion .7g. Gaz. Meteorological Observatioiis at Concord, Taken just bcftirc surt-rUe ami '3 o^rlDck V. M. BY A. CHANDLER. it WlHrf. Clouds. 184:). t iC s o * c ^ o R ^ ^ e^ s> -? ^ Churaurr of Uondj^ etc. hard at it mining afier the sausage's. S : Aires of Improved Laiul in the Stide " Barley under cultivation Bushels of Barley raised Acres of Peas under cultivation " Rye sown Bushels of Rye h:irvestcd .'\cres of O.its sown Bushels of <)ats harvested *' Peas raised .\cies of Beans under cultiv;aiou Bushels of Beans raised .\cri's of Buckwheat under cultivatiron Bushels of Buckwheat raised Acres of Turnips under cultivation Bushels of Turnips raised .^cres of Potatoes under ciillivalioii Bushels of Potatoes raised .\cres of Klax under cultivation Pounds of Plax raised Acres of Wheat sown Wheal harvested Biish'ds of Wheat raised ."Veres of {"orn sown Bushels of Corn harvested ll,7ti7,276 192, .503 3,108,704 117,379 317,099 2,930,322 1,026,915 2(i,:J23,051 1,761, .503 16,231 162,187 2.55,495 3,634,679 15,.322 1,350,332 255,762 23,653,418 46,089 2,397,062 1,013,665 958.233 13,391,770 595,134 14,722,111 lOidriz/.liiig. riiiiiiiig. fitralUM. clfar. uirro-strutuB. — in snowiiic- tfiiowia;;. .stratus, stratus. 11 clear. — 0 1 clear. — 0 clear. — 10 cirro-sPrattiF. — 10 stratiiB. W. 4 slralu!.. W. 4 slraliii;. — Ojcli'ur. — 0 clear. 0 clear. 0 clear. 0 clear. _t (I clear. (1 cli-iir. 10 cirro-stratus — 11) snnwinp. lOJiii'lit raiH. ciTro-5tratu9* stratus, rjrro titratus. cirro-Ptrntu!'. cirro-stratuii. drizzling. cirro-sltatiiy. cirru-straliiK. cirro-iitrataB. — 10 VV. 9 _ 0 — n — 0 Bf,ooi> AS A Substitute for Potatoes.— Willi retV-rttiire lo a coiiinimiiralion fVniii a cor- icsiionUfnt, signing hitusclf*' M. ^. B.," I Iniiicvo 0 - "i II - to' N. I'!. 1 — 10 N. K. 1 — 10 \. R. 1 — 10 .\. B. I — in — . n — 0 0 — (1 0 \ \r. 1(1 .V. VV . 1 N.W. 10 11 - 10 II — 10 0 N . VV. <) n — 10 11 — u N. W • a — 0 ,cirro strains. cirro-stratus, clear. clear. clear. clear. jcirrr ulii.-ii is of iriiiju;iji.c iin[ntnaiicc not only to llie iieallh, l)Lit l<> ihe coiprurls and econotriy of inau ; yet strauiic lo say, it is a sci enre about which, not one word has ever been writteti ; and ih.tt we look in vain lbrou I'JEJ*-' mjjmmm »ui <■■ m 8 ®l)c jTarmcr's iUoiitl)li) bisitor. 1 trust, be lenient in your criticisms on tiiis, my\ first ;illen]|>t at » first essay on the suhjecl ; irjore (jurticiihirly when 1 id! yon, I ;ini prompted by no other niolive liiiin to increase tlie vuhie and interest of yonr invidnahle |nd)liciilion ; to iii- etruct your readers, and lo open ill".' eyes ol the many peisuns enfiayed in liie husijiess to tlie ininutiie tlitit ujust he ohserved, and ihe ditVicnl- ties lliat must he oveicome, in order to pursue the trade snccessl'uUy. Ude, in liis celehraled hooli on Cookery, in givin*; instructions how to make lline soup, sij;- niticantly says, " tirst ca;ch the hare." Jt is not of more importance to cattdi tlie hare to make the soup, than it is in pnttinu up heel' for the British marki t, to first livl llie heef of the ri^'lit size and (pialiiy. 'J'lio (|ualiiy is lound amonjtst the liillest and best les and bloom on ihose pieces for llie beading, which gives lo ihe purchaser, on open- ing the tierce for inspection, a eerl.iin guaranlee that the meat was handled by a Iradesnian; imd secondly, il will liicililale the scaling of the meat much, iis should ;j7 pieces be in tbi; scale, wanting one piece more lo weigh 8 or 10 lbs., more or less, thai piece can be cut oil' ihi.-i larger one lo a great iiiciMly, and avoid the delay and trouble of tossing a pile of meat over lolinnt up one piece from the many, of the exact weight wauled. In scidiii:: your meat it is not neces- sary lo put mure tli.-iu the exact weiglii .'{04 lbs. in, as beef when cured, and put into tierces, will regain fully 5 per cent, of llii^ 10 per cent., it will have lost in the process of curing. As your beef is cut, llie course pieces of the fore ()uarler, siiidi as the clods, stickings, anil shoulder pieces, should be sehclc'd and well ruhlicd with dry s.ilt, anil pnl inlo pickling tubs by ihemselves; the roUiid, riinip, and jump |iieces of the hind (piaiters should in like manner be sell i-led, well rulibed with dry sail, and put into pickling tubs by ihemselves, and then your prime parts, such as ribs, sirloins, plate and brisket pieces, should be selected, and put into the pick- ling lubs by themselves, and withiiut beini; rubhiJ. Those piei'es being the most lender, and leasl veiny pans of the heelj will cure more easily and (piicker than Ihe coarser pails, hut after remain- ing a week ill the h-iiie they should be drawn, and if the brine has not siifHcieiilly stricken, then and not till llicii, should ilinse pieces be ruhlied with dry .-alt. The courser pieci's should he drawn and ex.uiiiiied every filth day al least, and if the sail should not have sufiieiently stricken, .-iiid the impurities be not well exlrac- led, then llic^y should he irenlly rnbhed a second lime, and llie' :iir allowed lo act liir an hour or two al leasl, on the mciit and sail, beliire ihey an; relumed into the brine; the wlioh; of the meal in the curing lubs must be well covered wiih brine, and the air entirely excluded lioiii il. Uiiilern good sti.le of the almospliere, and with proper liamlliiig of llie meal, il will he cnred and ready lo put into the tierces in bom 14 to ](J days, but of' this the pr.icliced eye and hand of the tradesman can alone lie the jiidi.'i', for I know of no words to exjilain the feel .-inil look of meat when cured, or when not siifHeienlly cured ; practice and comparison alone, aided by close ohseiviiiion. is the only certain wiiy of arriving at that judgment. The propriety (if sorting the meat of the three rpialities us poinied out, and having each ipiahly cnred separately, I shall endeavor lo ex(ilaiii, so as lo be understood and appreciated by every person |)0ssessed of any common sense and ex- perience. First, the finer or middle pieces of every unimal, il is well known, are much more easily cured than the coarser pii^ces of the e.\- tremilies of either the fore or hind quarter, hence Ihe jiropriely of keeping them separate, as nine limes out ol ten il is wholly unnecessary lo do mine; lo iliein (the finer pieces) lliaii simply to place lliem in the brine, where they will cure without any rubbing, while it is necessary lo rub tin: other pieces once al leasl, and sometimes olteiier vviih dry sail, in order lo extract tlior- oiiL'hly those impurities which the lean of every animal ooutains in a very much laiger piopor- liou, llian the falter p'arl of' ihe same animal docs; and il is for the same reason, right ;iiiil necess,'iry, lo separate the pieces cut off ihe ex- iri-niily of tie tore (piailer from those cut off ihe exireniily of the hind f|uarl(;r, because the meat of ihe fore (]iiarler contains more of lliose im- piiiilies, whlili must be extracted before it is eiind, than does the meat of' llie hind quarter, and conseipieiitly the meat of Hue quailers re- i|iiires more care and handling in order lo ciue it, than does the meal on any oilier part of the caic.-iss of the animal; hence this ehissifieation will enable the ciirer lo give 10 each sort of meat the reiiuired handling necessary for its preserva- lion, without inlerleriug with the other jiarls, which, if treated the same w.-iy, (I now spi'ak of the liner pieces,) would have their natural juices cMraclcd, become hard, and what is I'omiiionly bill erroneously called over-cured. There is also another reason why this classification should be made; ilisihis: 'J'hat it saves much lime ami labor, when llic meal is selecling liir the scale, by having (■.■ich (pmlity in scpar.ite hulk; the se- leelor bus hut to go to either, in order to lay his iiuiid at iiiice iipiiii the ]iailicular piece he waills, wiilioui losing lime iir wasting labor in tossing over a pih; of meal promiscunusly cured. When yinir meat is cured, lh(; next process is llie packing il away (iir piesn valion inlo the tierces, about which 1 deem il unnecessary lo say anything; because when the meat is selected and scaled, tlu; pa''king il is a mere mechanical proces.s, in w liicli a man can jdone become a pro- ficienl liy pniclice and experience. It may be Mill ihoiigh lo remark, llial w hen your meat is taken out cif the curing tiilis, it shoiihl be washeil, and I'iihh'd of the impurities extracted by the salt, iiiid generally in a greater or less degree ilcpiisited oil the surface, and which can he hot and most easily done, with the aid of water and a good hickory brooiTi ; Ihn jiacker shoidd ahvays have by him him a knife, and whenever he oh- serves an incrusialion of those impurities mi the meal, which the washing had not taken of)', he should use his knifi? lo scrap'e it off, iind if scra- ping did not ed'eel il, be should cnl il off. When your tierces are packed, ihey must llion be heailed and ihorongbly driven down in Iheir wooden hoops, rolled by, and each tierce have its bung linle bored, and then brined with pure, clean brine, made and tested in llie way before described, except ih.it no .ruHpelre slioidd be put in il. Il is of liie iilmosi inipojtauce that this brine should be made si;veial days before, in order that not only the impurities of the sail, hut lliose of the water also, should have lime lo setth;down into a serlimciii, and lliis si'ditneiit i should not be disturbed when the brine is drawn I off. The waul of ibis pncaulion, has been the \ cause of much ciimplui;il, and injury lo lh Iri.-li |ii)il<,;iM liealih, thrift and production of >lieep mi the prairie^, as in similar laliiiides at tin- e.ast. The prolits of sheep-raising at the West iiinsf, tlierid'ore, be reduced to an .ipproxiinate level with those elsiMvhere. Then the low price of land is in their liivor; here, jii-o.\imiiy to market, and the higher price of mntlini, give ns a decided advantage: and the improvements made here in fence.--, roads, hoildings, &c., may v\ell nigh neu- tralize liie dilJi'ience in the first cost of land. Certain It is, thai the advantages of sheep-raising in the West are not such as In alarm onr Eas- tern shepherds, from an :i|iprelien.~ioii that ihcir htisiiiess will Ire taken out of their own liand.s. It is now, and prohahly will continne to he a lu- crative occupation with onr Western hnshand- men.and as siirh, should enler largely into their arraiigvmenls ; hnt its nimiopoly can nowhere he secured, we helieve, on this (.•(intinent. — .'Imcricnn ."Igricutluris!. Pliuiting the Cranberry. Ill its wild or naimal >laif, the cratiheiry is foimtl id wet sitnalions: in hoggy ground-, in ilainp saiiily lands, and on the low mar;!ins of ponds ami stream.<. It will live ••md grow in corn- paralively dry soils ; hnt it will not hear frnit wiih- oiit its root.s are immersed in water at all se.isons of the year. Soil akd situatio.n. — The lirsi ohject of the cultivator should he to select the gromid for his cmnbern/ ynril. Every wet situation is not snita- lile. The s'lil )llll.^l either he sand, niiid, peat, or a mi.xtnre of these. Ther<' inn.-t he .an ahmiflant snpply of water at all seasons of the year. Ifihe ground is sosijnalcd thai it ran he Hooded dnriiiu the winter and >pring, it is heiter; hnt it i- not indispensahie to success. 'J'he ground must he satnrateil with water, either from spring.s, run- ning sticams, or the red a good crop fiinii vines that have been sei five years, though we could I'ite particular instances in which three and lour bushels have been ;::itliered. liaising craii- berri<'S is like every other business in lilir; if a man judges rightly, is prudent and iiidnslrious, he will coinmonly succeed ; but if he depends more on good Ini'k than on good management, in nine cases (uii of ten he will fail. The cranber- ry fever is now running high among u.", and al- most every man yon meet exhibits some syin|i- toms of the disease. That fortunes are snddenlv to be made by all who en bark in this business we do not believe ; but thai large protils can be lained from vines set in good siinalioiis, such as are above described, there is no dmibt. The ex- periments of (\ipt. Henry [(all, Hiram Hall ai:il Peler Hall, of Dennis ; of Captain Edward 15. Hallett ;md Eduard Tliacher, nf lliis town, anil many others that could be named, prove ibat Ihe raising of cranberries in good sitnulions is a pro- filtible business. We know that some of the opinions which we have given in this article will militate against the theories of a few of our friends; hut wc; cannot help it. We have carefully examined aimosl ev- ery cranberry bog and yard in the comity, anil have carefully coinpariMl the information thus ob- tained, and we know ihai our opinions are cor- roborated and snpporled by all who have had the largest experience in the business. We do not wish to discoiiriige any from ))lantiiig vines. Far from ii. We say, goiihead. All we wish i.s lo disi-oiirage men from rimiiing hiindfuld into ii linsiucs-:, respecting which all llie neces.-ary in- formaiion can be so (easily and so readily obtain- ed.— \iirinouth Register. IJsK A.ND Abusk of Limf. ANr> Plastkr. — The prejudice against the use of lime and plaster has been overcome with dillicnlly, nntw iilistanding the striking efji^'cts of their early application. — The objection to those niineral manures, thai lliey would siimulate the soil to a (ruitfniness whicii would soon exhaust il,is not altogether unfound- ed, provided care is not taken to keep np a sup- ply of other minerals, whicli are indispensable elemeiils in the vegetable kingdom. Lime and plaster do not enter into the compo- silion of plants, but they bavi; an agency in evolv- ing nihir mineral elements, as well as securiiiff lo the soil ihe serial consliluents, carbonic acid and ammonia. Quick lime, however, we should remark, expels ammonia, and should noi, there- fore, be mixed with barn manure, either in the heap or in the soil. Wheat crops have; been Ire- quently injured in cniiseqnenee of the dissipation of ainmona by the inixliire of (p,ni:k lime with manure. Plaster has the op[iosile effect. [Most of the plaster used on our liirms would first be well em- ployed as an agent in fixing ihe tiirtiliziug gases in the manure. I have known rich loams — soils containing an abundance of soluble vegetable niMlier — much injured by the application of fresh lime. IJiii the fertilily of fresh lands, or soils which from .-inv cause contain a largiMiinoimt of [lartially decom- posed vegetable and animal matter, would be in- cre.ised and preserved by the use of pl.isler. It facilitates decomposition, and at the same lime fixes the ammonia in the soil. To escape any injury from the use of lime as a uiannre, and to insure its best effects, the safest general ride is to spread il on t;rass lands anil leave il a considerabh; hmglli of time exposed to tin; atinosjdiere. The soil in this section is evidently exhausted to a great degree, of some of the eleuieiiis reniii- site lo a luxuriant growth of clover, it flourish- ed some yti:w» since much better than il does now, notwithstandiiiy our superior care in culti- vating and manui'ing the soil. Lime and phisier we are in the habit of supplying. The heavy crops which follow the ;ipp!ication of those ma- nures, have exh.-iusted the soil to ;i very great ex- tent, of other iiidispen.sabh; inori'anic coiisiitn- ent.s. As an evidenr-e of ibis tiict, we have seen clover whicli had been sown on o.-ils, alier com which had been ashed in ihe hill, flourisliiiig on ihe hills, from ihe efP'Cts of the a.-lies, whilst be- tween the hills, the land was eulirely bare. The combustion of vegetables dissipates all their or- ganic consliluents : hnt ashes contain all the in- organic elements whicli have entered inio their growth ; lieiice the slrikiiiL' effect of its applica- tion to >ome soils proves conclusively ilu.i tlioi-e soils are very defii ieiii in some of tho,--e elinnenls. (.'lover nielioiales and supplies the si il willi a large amount of vegetable matter, heiicK it is it clii'ap and efficient fertilizer, w hen there is a good iuoiiranic basis; but when there is a deficiency of potash, lime, and sulphuric acid, it must, in the long run, if removed from the soil, have an im- poverishing tendeiiiv. — J. JJiingan's .'Iddress, be- fore Ihe Buclis Co. [Pa.) J}g. Society. Potatoes — Salt — Guano. — A liirmer of New llanipshire, wi iiiiiy lo the .V. E. Farmer, remarks : " Year bef.ire lasl, my pouiiot-s rolled badly. ri;iving much failh in .Mr. Teschemacher's reconj- inendaiioii id' llie use of s.-dl, &c., lo deslroy the fungi, 1 last year applied a very large spoonful of eipial (piantiiies of salt, lime and a^lle- to each hill, at the lime of hoeing. Some few of the lops died iliiriiig the summer, but when I dug them in the tall, there was t-carcely a rotti ii [lotato to be .fnwnmnts'j^'t.'^vivaPAJum.KV'.iA.'^! uw^aggaan 10 w.Hi—ciwiS'ir.fty^^UJML^LMU.i'jnag' '! w ■wpt^'v;' *'iwaR' LA'ifjt: i w ■■ 1 1 jii^i ii n n 1 1 ^i)c jTarmcr's iHoiitl)!ij l)tsitar. foiinc), tiiul we havo not found lialf a dozen aC- fectod ones .sinco ihcy weru |MU'iin tfjo cellar ; liMt some of my iici^ldiors liavrf lost bi;.'e ([nan- litics since llu'y were storedj in tlie cellar. Bill iIk-'I'c are olliers, wlio.-e potaioes iiave escaped as well as mine, a.tliniii,'li iliey did not apply salt. I experimented, sonieulial, with tlie two liar- rels of L'liano, but tin; excessively dry weullier of last Slimmer in ,-i vry great nu'asiire preveiH- eil iliat liivoralile action lliat I liail reason to ex- picl, froiii tlie nmiieioiis accomils I liad lead of it in En^rlisli asricnltiiral ptipers. Corn on very poor and dry land, dressed iv iili j;iiano at the rate of 300 Ills, per acre, yielded alioiil \~> liiisliels per .-icre — witlioiit it, only a fi-w ' mdil)iii.s.' On |)iiinp- kiiis, witli a talilc-spnoiifiil to tlic liill,';! had a f,'ood crop— wiiere none was applied, there were no pninpkins. A teu-spoonliil in the liillofcorn where the land was well manured, had .i most marlicd etVeet in the early part of the season, com- pared with rows tliat had none; hut. at harvest, there was no perceptilile difi'erelico. I'erliap.-i one of the ino.st serious ohjeciions to its use here, will bo our frequent dry siiinniers." Frnni Hill's X. H. Peilricil. A Relic of Olden Time. AVe luive before iis a venerable-looking old newspa- per, the pages of which are a little larger than the largest size of common window glass now in general use, entitled "Hough's Concord Herald." — The heading gives ns further to understand that it was ^' A political State pu per : priatei and published bxj George Hough, al Concord, J\''ewhampshire: A~o. 31— f'o/. ///. — Saturday, Sep1c:nl.er 6, 1792. — Whole ^Vo. 13.5." The latest dates contained in this copy of Mr. ■lough's sheet, are from "Boston, .'Vug. 28" — eleven days previous to its publication : " fioin Philade!phia'> by last evening's mail," (as w.-; are informed,) " Au- gust 16" — twenty-three days previous: from "Win- chester, Maryland, July ."O": "St. Domingo, July 30": "Berlin, May M": ••Paris, May 21," &.c. &c. From this it will be seen that news was then as long in travelling (70 days) to Concord, from Winchester, Md., a town situated near the Baltimore and Cumber- land Railroad, which can now I)e reached in three days, as it was from St. Domingo, one of the West India Islands ! The "news" from AVinclirster which, as well as :dl of the domestic intelligence is placed under the stand- ing head, "Columbi.v" — is in the following words. W'u transcribe them for the purpose of showing what was then the condition of that "back-woods" town, whicli his since found itself most vvontleifclly removed from the western to the eastern frontier of the Union : ".M.VRYi-AND. — JVinckesler, July 30, 1792.— Certain information has been received in the territory of ilr; United States south of the river Ohio, that sev- '•, I7;)2," we have the following p:n^ti.-ul:irs relating to I,a Fayette's army discipline ; " A new system of niiiitary regii':ilioiis for his army has been published by .M. I'ayelte — several of the ar- ticles are severe. Whoever within reach of the army breaks silence is to be put i:i irons liir iix years — ma- rauding is to be severely punished; also harsh treat- ment ol' prisioners. l)e;:th is tin punishment of any soldier v. ho crii's out, we are cut o[f, we are I eifoy-.-u, or anything similar. No man in command is to be 'piestimied for acts of severity wliiidi arc nece.ss.iry in an eng.igement. Olhcers are subject to iloiihle p:in- ishment for any fiult they ncj;!ect to ri'press, or any act of ilisiibudi:'nce to whirli tlii-y give v/ay. The camp o\'y\. (le la Uayotto, it is s;!iil, savours very little of the pristine delicatcsse of tln^ I'rencli armies — eie- ry oIlitaT being obli:;ed to I'ollow tin' example of the general, by beiii.'; night and day in the camp." Under the head of ".V1ikci;i.lanv," we have the following concise view of the situation of iVew lliimp- Kliire in 1792 — of the elimute, lucaliini, nunncra aail custoni.s cf its iniiabitaiits, iustituliiins, productions, Ue. &e. The "dig under the liftli rib" which the writer gives his Portsmoulh neighbors and ihn citizens, at that time, of the "eastern division" of the Slate, well applied, and may not — which, we will not under- take to say. I'erhaps it savors a little of local preju- dice, however, lint if the wealthy inlndiitants of our only New Hampshire seaport should suft'er the now projected "Portsmouth & Concord Railroad" to fill through for want of funds (which we are happy to learn from the papers of that town is not their present intention,) they may have the writer's sarcasm all to themselves, and we will answer for it that it will be justly applied at the present day, if it was not "afore- time";— A DKSCRIPTION OF NEW H.\MPSHIHK. This State is formed by a most healthy and pleasant countiy. Its sunmiers are neither intensely hot, nor its winters too cold. The snow fulling in November, and continuing until .April, allbrds a constant opportu- nity for early transportation, for the farmer and mer- chant, as well as aniiisemcnl for the man of leisure. The country is generally hilly or mountainous, with iulervids of llat and fertile lands on the banks of the ftlerrimack and Connecticut rivers. The mountains are well watered, and the soil excellent. The inhabi- tants are hardy and numerous. New Hampshire may properly be said to consi.st of two divisions, the East and West, formed by the chain of hills east of the Connecticut river. The West division partakes of the customs, man- ners, and improvements, in Connecticut, from whence the tirst settlers removed. The East division copies those parts of Massachusetts and New Hampsiiire which border on the sea. Altlio the settlements are much more new in the West, yet they are much high- er cultivated, and more improved, than in the East di- vision. The whole country, from the south to the north line of the State, on and near the banks of the Connecticut river, is one continued, uninterrupted tract of fertile country, well watered from the heights by brooks and artificial conveyances. The firms are well cultivated — the houses commodious and well built — the barns extensive and well tilled — the fences in good order — the flocks of cattle large — and provi- sions of every kind most abundant. Wheat, cattle, pot-ashes, and lumber, are tlie staple commodities of that division of the State: rye, peas, oats, barley, In- dian corn, pm'k, butter, :md cheese, are also jilenty. Winter wheat is rarely cullivated cast of the moun- tains; and the liome-manui'ictures of woolen and linen (except in Londonderry) are inf'riour in quality to the western. This is the case in all other productions. Orford, and some other places, make good cheese; and the proportion of good, to that which is otherwise, is very grcr.t. The College, in the middle of the western division, tliffuses a thirst for knowledge, and improves .society in its neighluHirbuod; thereby exhibiting it hs an orna- ment and blessing to the State. .\cadeiiiies are erecting in the eastern division, but Inivc not \cl extended their beneiits very far. Reli- gion, learning, liberty, and pure patriotism, are less piolcutcd and encouraged, liir the good of mankind, in New llamiishire, than in almost any State in I nited Aineiica. A rusticity prevails in the yeomanry, and a hanteur in the gentry or more wealthy, in the East ui- visiiin, whicli checks in part the whole advantage that ou^dit to he derived from the rich and jioor being bene- ficial to each other. 'flip arts and sciences have nut fnind that protection .md eii-ounigemeiil in the I ;i]iilal, nliieh ought to be wished or expected: :ind the trii\ellcr is always disa])- poiiited when he \ isits Portsmmitli. Instead of ;i largi' well built city, he finds a town out of repair, vvilliout (degaiit public buildings and institutions, and with few well Ijiiilt private dwellings: like a family once great and u eallliy, the inhabitants appear great by repealing wlail they wc.~e once. .'\n extensive ship-building, joined to forluinite speculatimis in lands, having en- riched and engrossed the attention of the opulent, :;c- conip..nied by g.dety and dissipaiie.i, ba\e alwa\s I he:::>ed exerlioii, ;iiid picvenlcd die cnlargciiient "i ;' that Uiwii. A fine river and harbour, good wharves and stores, an excellent back country, and neigliboiir- liig (K'can, aH'ord every necessary mean by which Portsmouth might be enrielied. Many useful arts, which have been followed filly and an hundred years in some of the United SMtc.^i, are unknown in the capital of New Hampshire. '1 ln' seliools l!,i\e bitely been reformed; hut no Colicge, or respectable .'Vcailemy, is in it. A large Dancing .\s- sen.bly-lioom — a lempcu^ary Play-I louse — .'\ liilliard- Tiible — excnrsious on Saturdays iirtil Sundays into the neighboinliood — large feasts -^Water and 'ica i'aities — engross a large part of the time of i:-i inhabitai.ts. Much of the land in the interiour part, of the coun- try is owned by the inhabitants of Portsnioiilh; but has not piodiiced that prolit or iiierease in its v.ilue that might have been. \'erv little attention h.is been p;iid to the improving die breed of horses, cattle, and relation to Ihcir want of entorpri^c, may have been ' sheep. 'I he liot^cs in general arc bad; the few which exceed, were brought from Vermont and the southern States. Tho merit and abilities exist in New Hampshire in most professions; yet they are not so frequent as in .some other States, wiieii compared with the number of iidniliilants in this and the other States. The Con- gregational is the most numerous religious denomina- tion—the society of Haplisis increase — as do the I'lii- versalists. A war in diviuiiy is carried on hy the two first, much to the profit of Printers. Minvofthe blessings obtained by the knowledge and pra'cti e of Christianity are lost, in large and old'settleuicnts, which have been twenty ye.irs without regular preaching and instruction. New meeting houses have been built, some; in opposition to the other, in the same neighbour- hood; but are now destitute of .'\Iinisters. Disa- greement and confusion in religious affairs pervade New Hampshire. In less than thirty miles of Ports- mouth, siiiiie of the inhabitants are but little removed from th(^ barbarous state of the natives of .America, in religion, morals, and cultivated manners. '1 he Press finds less encouragement here, than in any other northern State. Not a book-store, nor book- binder is in it. The Printers have endeavoured to remedy this evil, but have not e.-perienced merited success. While the capital is amused with the idea of recov- ering their former profitable ship-building, of being made a Continental mariue port and dockyards, (a visionary scheme to promote some men's popularity) the country is destitute of that mart to which they may bring its produce, and therefore turns its trade to the towns in Alassechusetts and Conncificut. Dry Goods have lately been sold as cheap in Ports- mouth as elsewhere. 'Ihe consequent benefit as to the increase of business is visible, and proics what more extensive exertions might eflect. .\ rivalship subsists between the capital and other populous towns as to the public offices, and sessions of the tJeneral Court; but the Legislature, finding it a subject worth their contesting, have wisely shifted the place of holding iheir meetings. The gre;it dinners and_ better lodging-houses in Portsmouth, have not been sufficiently powerful persuasives to draw the IJeprc- senfalives to pay a higher price for their board, without other better arguments to procure their company and money. Providence has liberally aftiirdcd New Hampshire every mean to ex:dt it in wealth, reputation, ami feli- city. A proper improvement of bis bounty is onlv ne- cessary to effect all for her citi-/.ens. To promote these ends, is the design of this publication. The advertising columns of "Hough's Herald" comprise by no means its least interesting feature. The citizens of Concord and the vicinity may find .some satisfiction in perusing tile following notices of die business men here fifty years ago. We give an ab- stract of such advertisements as are too lonj for inser- tion at length : " Wix-LLiM DUXC.A.K " — uiidcr the prominent caption of " Gooes free from fke TNFKcrioN OK TTtr; Small Pox" — proceeds to inform the pub- lic "that he has for sale a general assortment of Kn;;- lish & West Indi.i (loods at his Stores in Concord, Kiisom and Sandhornloiau whi.-h he is selling cheap for Cash. Ashes. Salts, a.id yiiu- Seei. lie :dso in- fbrms the public in general that those (Joods were re- ceived before the Small Pox broke out in ISoston and the adjacent towns; and that he will not re(ei\e any (ioods into his Stores, from lirwion, Charlcslown, or any towns where that contagious ilisi'ase prevails, until they are thoroughly free from the infection, ' &c. &c. — •' Concord, Sept. 7, 1792." Apparently in reply to the above, and with a seem- ing sensitiveness in relation to Ihe subject of " Small Pox," III. other firm advertise as follows ; — ".Ma.nley & I'AR-rRiDGF., licg lea vc to inform their friends and customers, that tlicv have lately rc- cei\ed a supply of d'oods IVom I'oston. :ind can assure the public, that there is no iloidit but they arc free from any infeetion of the Small Pnv ; and would also observe, that their (looils were ciuiveyed out of lioston on Friday the olst el' August, and (Iclivered in this town the -Itli Septcnila'r — md that Iniioculation began in the town of Boston on the 30tli of .August ; they therefore leave it to their friends to judse for theiii- selves. " .\. 15. — Ihe above would not Inne appeared in the Concord papers, but from an appri'hcnsion of some that there! was danger — :md fearful, (not without cause) that snmcthing to their prejudice has been, and m.iy be, siid, ni eonsr-quence of their ha\ia.<; received some arti -Ics from Boston as above st.ted. " Concord, Sept. (i, 1792." 'flic publisher of the "Herald," in a corner of his sheet, and apparendy to fill out the column, inserts three prominciil lines of old-fishioncd pica and brevier, in sub.'iathan Perkins, a. m. P.istor of aChurch in Harlford.' Terms — The work will coui.iin eighty pages Crown Oeta\(i, printed on good p::per, and ufibrded to Sub- s.-ribers for one shilling and fourpeuce per book," &.C. Under the caption of "Regiment.m, Orders," dated " Canterbury, Sept. 3, 1792, and signed " John Beanc, Colonel," we have an advertisement notifying the annual muster of the "Bloody Eleventh" (as it is now called) regiment. The coniniauding officers are therein informed in the following words, to wit : " That the regiment is to meet in October 1792, as follows : the couipanies of Bow, Ailcnslown, and Pembroke, are to meet at Pembroke the lOth d.iy of October — three conip.mies belonging to Concord, are to meet at Concoi'd the 1 Ub of October — the couipa- nies of Canterbury k .N'orthtield, are to meet at C;'n- terbury the IClh of October — the Loudon companies are to meet at Loudon the 18th of October— at ten o'clock in the morning of each day." We would sabaiit the following to the attentive con- sideration of all delinquent new-sp:iper subscribers, «/ir/ pariicularhj to nur own. It would seem that the dis- fa-ie of taking p jpers and ne;rlecting to "pay the prin- ter," prev:iiled in 1732, as well as at t!;e present day: "To Newsp.vper Dectoss. — To'.'un, is an irk- some task; but when long decays requiie it, submission is a dutv. — The subscriber feels himself under a ne- cessilv of requesting all Ihos • indebted for one year's jVewspnpers, or more, to make immediite paynieat — and tliey will oblige their humble servant, " Uno. Houf.M. " Printing Office, July 11." tncrelv Irom llie wniU of (brethoii_i;lit and plaii- iiiii". — A". E. Fanmr. The Heat Lightning M.tfL. — The tejc! lines alrendy tugnuized and in riinrso of pletion, on IMorse's Elt-ctro JMaiZiieilc, sy niiiouiit 10 idnioKl llirue. iIkhisuiuI miles, u lows :— New York to PHifTalo, via .Mlxiny, New \'oi'k to Pliila., via Smnerviile, &c., New Vorl; to lioston, via Siiringlield, Loekport to Uiidido, in operation, Oswc'ijo to Syraense, Aulnirn llin^ iinderinkiii^'s, is ns iiiiporlaiil and as usefiil lo llic Ihiiner in Ids hiisiiii^ss, as lo the inililary eliiefuiin in Ids, and is as sure, lo condnce lo the prolit of llie I'oniier, as id llie siu'oess and fjinie. of the laller. 'I'he chaiaeleristics wliieli made VVasJiington u great General, made liiiii, also, a good r"ai'i)iei', — and foreniosi of these were eiiercy and i'orellionglil. — llie head to plan, .and llie arm lo exeeute. riaiis tor iiii|irov(;nieiiison llic firm shonld iiol only he devised in season (if leisure, luii roinmir- led to paper — considered, re-emisidried, and per- t'eeled — ;iiid plaeed in (lie order of time at which lliey will have lo lioe.Neeiiled. 'J'liis practice, if nnivers:illy n•>-) 150 -MO 2.5 40 :«) MO 175 So ;io I,'.20O '..'.') 40 2,(j,")5 This syslom of iransminiiig inlf lligenco, lu- fjether wilh railroads, will do iinniense service ill preserviiifj llie Union, by anniliilalin.'; sfiace, as ii were, and in eOla't, rendering a coniiiientas easi- ly iiil'urnied' of vvli.at lakes pl.iee in either ex- treme as if it were Init a eomity of (.lil"n times. — Maine Fanner. Colman's Tour in Europe. We ;ii"e indeliled lo the ISoslon piililisheis liir llie fo'-'ilh part of tlieir inlPiestin;; work. Mr. Colinan seems lo take to heart some strictnres that have been sent liim tiy a "good natnred friend," in wlileli it is eoinplained that his work is not eliouuh niatler-of-lael and praciiral in iis eharacrer. Il is very true, that any one who lakes up these numbers with llie expeelaiion of lind- injr a dry, professional detail of die mode of English inishandry, will he disappointed. In- deed, we nre liee to coiifes^s iliat we do mx think IMr. Colmaii is a man of deiii'i, ami we have sometimes regretted that his work was not a lil- lle more dry and statistical ; Imt his style is very ea.sy, raiherloosenliinenial, perhaps; Ids sketch- es are e.xlreinely gr.iphie, ihe intiirniation con- veyed is ileeply inleresliiig, and ihe whole wr ibe eiglii hundred bo\s, lour or five days out of sevini. The same is llie ease, I am lold, at liaton ; and lliis not as I supposed, from its cnmparaiive cheapness, lint from exjieri- ence, and the opinion of medical men, that it is the most wholesome diet, and least likely lo in- terfere wilh inlelleelnal application and nealili." We are a I'ood deal astonished lo find Mr. Colman s|ieaking of a ".saddle of mmion " as a ihiiig he never heard of before lie saw il in Eng- laiiil. EAR1>V POTATOES. Afler ilelailing some of lie; inellioils practised by the English ganleners lo procure early poia- loes, not vin-y ilifferent from those in vogue amongst us, he nieullons the liillowingjof which we never heard : "Aiiolher mode of oblainiiig eaily potaloe.s, not ntw potatoes, which is, I am lold, somelimes practised, is to pi. nit polatoes nnly .so early in the season, as they shall be about half groivii at the nsnnl lime of taking lliem \iu. These may be taken up in the auluinn, and replaced in the earth : and early in the sneceedinj; spring ihey may he sold as new poialoe.s." GRAt'E VI.NES — DIRECTIO.XS EOR l'ilU.M.\G. Mr. Colman says he oliiained from "ne of llio best gnrdiMieis in I'jigland tlie follow mg tiirei*- tions for pruning grape vines: "\Vilh regard lo liie best WAy to manage ihe vine, when fruiting, 1 invariably stop the shoot one eye above the bunch; and il is the |;raciico of the besl gardeners in England. 1 gcuierally leave one shoot nol stoppinl without friiil, and lr> fruit ne:a season, and cut the sliools out iliat have borne frnii ibis year. On the sborl-spnr system, every shoot is slopped an eye above ihe huncll, except Ibe lop ove Si. Louis, and it is the most enlerpi isin;X, liusiness-like little place I have seen since J left New Vork. It is a yreat market for pindnce, havii'g an extensive hack 4;anntry d.e|>eudeut upon il, and aliiiou;r|i it has hilt ahont 15U0 iidjahilanis, lln-re is an immense amount of husiness transacted. Tliere is in the place some seven or eiulit stores, two flonrinjr mills, ami sevei'al pork packiiij; esiahlishmenls. To t;ive your readers some idea of the husiness of tlie place, I woirhl say i yeslerday counted in the sireets one hundred wainms loaded uilh corn, pork, and wheat, and in one store (■ Hill- injr.s' Lou^ Siore ') I counted over one hnndreil eiistomers at one lime. This store, hy the way. is the most extensive estahllshment for a conntrv store that I h-ve ever seeti. It has one counler 130 feet in lenjjtli, and some filieeii clerks cnu- stantly occnpieil; in taci, it woidd do credit to Broaduay. 1 should aihl, the proprietor is a Gothaiiiile." Thir same letter presents the fidlowinp; aston- ishing' results as cominj;' frmn a country of so much ferliliiy ; " .'X New En:;laud man v\ouli| hardly believe trie, if I tell him that some firiners here produce ten thousand liushels of corn and half as uiaijy bushels of whe.-it in a year, to say iiolhinn: of cat- tle ami ho;;s, id' which sonie lai.-e as many as five hundred head. One farmer told me that he raised the last year fiOOO liushels of corn, iiiid it was all produced hy llie lahor <)\' two uien only. Cattle and sheep (i'cd upon th(! [irairies all win- ter, as lliey are seldom covered with snow." Hon, H. L. Kllsworlh, ihe lau^ Commissioner of Patents at Washiicioii, has seilled himself best renieily airainst the potiilo rot — nirlij pinntins; wwA the use u\' lime, — wlii<-h ihe Hdilor id' the Visitm- in hi-- last niini- ber adverted to as preservin;: bis o« n lalnable <:rop (d' polaloi-s fd' the last season : Alirelin;; of .Ian. '20, 18-tG. " Air. Sands of Or- ange county, furnished tl-oin his own prairtical experience, the syslem ol his successful inanaue- inent (d' the potato; which hrieliv consisted iii the theory of early planliii'.', irrij;ating frequently on (!|-y ground, and employiiif; the ii;;eiicy of lime in tiie early apparent stajjes of decay, and seemed to attribute !o the absence of rain or ai- tificial humidity, the early progress of the dis- ease, and perhaps its origin. •' \ member here assigned an insect as the child' cause of the disease, and promised lo prove the fict in a written communication at the next meeting of the Club. '• iMr. Sands, at this stage of the discussion, again rose, and slated that in 1843 — aiiont the period of the first appearance of the potato dis- ease— he planted the diseased potato early in the season, and his crop proved most piii-e and ahnndanl ; while those he planted from sound seed on the '.lTn\\ of May, were rotten and im- .sound." Remarkably Productive Ccwg. A notice of some ol the most reinaiable cows of which accounts have been made public, may be read with inleresi, as it serves to show what is attainable in this respect. The most exlraordiuary cow of which we liavi^ any record, is one which vvas owned hy William Craiiip, of Lewes, Sussex, England, concerning which the Board of Agriculture collected the fol- lowing liicis : She was of the Sussex breed, iind was calved in 1799. From May I, 18115, lo April 2, J8UG, forly-eighi weeks and one day, her milk pro- duced .")-10 lbs. (>'' butter. The next year, or from April 19, the day she calved, to Feb. 27, 1807, forty-live weeks, she produced 450 lbs. of huller. It is stated that she was si(-k this year, and under the care of a farrier three weeks after iNilving. — The tbiril year, from April (i, 1807, the time she calved, lo April 4, 1808, li!iy-iuie weeks and four days, she prodn(-ed (i75 His. of liullcr. The loiirlh year from April S'J, 1808, ihe day she calved, to Feb. 13, 1809, foiiy-iwo weeks and three days, she produced 4(;(1 lbs. butler. The fil'lli year, from April 3, 1809, to May 8, 1810, fifiy-.-eveii weeks, she produc(;d 594 lbs. hiiller. 'I'be gre.-it- est quantity of butter uienlicmed as having been produced by ibis cow in mie week, was 18 lbs., and the greatest fpiantiiy 'd' milk uieutioued .-is having heen given in .-oi\ tme day. uas 20 quarts. She wa.s well fefl at all limes. "In summer she was fed on (dover, lucerne, rye-grass, and carrots, three or four tinu-s a day, and at noon about four gallons of giain and two of bran, mixed togelb- er. In vvinler she was fed with hay, grain, and bran, itiixed as before sl.-Ued, feeding oflen." Tin; iiexl most remarkable in the catalogue, is the celebrated Oaks or '• Danvers pri-ze cow." — Tbelirst notice we lind of her, is in a commnni- catiou from E. Iler.-y Derby, Esq., lo the Massa- chusetts .^g-icidlnral Repo>iiory and .Journal, dated Dec. 25, 181(1. Fr(un this it appears thai in 1813, Caleb OaK.-, of Daiivers, IVIass., bought Ibis cow "of his brolher in-law," by whom she htid been pnrcbused nnt of a drove. She was then five years (dd. !VIr. Oak.s made from her the lirst year, 180 lbs. of biiKer; the next year, 1814. she made 300 lbs., in 1815, over 400 lbs." and in 1816, 484i lbs. In the latter yetn- she look ihe lirr-i preiriinm at the Massachusells state show, at Brighton. The greatest qiianiiiy of hnlier made liy her in one week, was I9i lbs; the great- est quantity of milk given per ing sireams «itb- ont bridges, we managed to take about 50 to the water's edge at a time, and by the aid of two shepherd's dogs, would cnnvd them into the riv- er. Then the.-e two dogs wonUI go and aid the one that vvas left to guard the main tiock, and urge them all u|) and into ihe stream Ku'elber. — They would all swim overwilhoul much difficul- ty. They travelled generally about twelve miles a ilay. On our arrival home we let and sohl all but 1200. Our rule for letting was for half the wool and half the lamb.s, anil as many sheep returned as let, at ihe end of the \ear. We wintered them on prairie h.-iy,and a very lilile grain fed after the mouth of February, not to exi-eed ItjO bushels of corn. The lir,-t winter we lost about tiO, and raised over 100 lamb.-'. The seccnul winter wi' fed part of ihe fl.ick on timothy and (dovc^r ; ihe b.da'ice on uild pra- irie hay. Those wintered on the prairie hay did equally well as those fcil on ihe English grasses. We met with considerable losses by dogs the second winter, otherwi.se the sheep came tln-oui;h tiiiely without grain, except to alio'il 30 sloi'k buck.-, wintered by iheuiselves ; llie.se v\e fed uitli a lillle grain daily llinmgh the winter. Our flock at this lime auHMUiled to about 10.50. We also raised this season over 400 lambs. The first year our flock yieldeil a Utile short of three poiuids of wool to each sheep, and sold for .'J'J cenis. 'Ibis seasmi we sidd for 27A i-ents pirr lb., and iheyield increased a lilile over one-iiiiirtb of a pound to the fleece. We procured good rams in Ohio at len dollars each, saiil to he lull blood merinos. It is no more than justice to acknow leilge the iin-rease of our secmid cli|i from a ioi of t)4 land.s got by a yearling buck which weoi-ihred from Vi-rinoni, from the lloi-k of S. W. Jewell, said to lie a son (d' his sloi-k biicU Foriune. Every fleece tVom this crop id' (il, was weighed as f'ast as shorn, and we did not find one that she.-n-ed less ibaii four pounds. The loi averaged over five and a half pounds. One lamb pot by this young buck, and out (d' a ewe we pmcbascd of .Mr. Jewett, which dropped in the month of .\pril, sheared this sea- son, a tleice of ei-.lil lbs. fiilteli oniices of beau- liliil wool. We therefore li.ive become sa'i>fied of the dili'iueni-i- in breeds of sheep. We might have added that ibi-se two Vermont sheep bore the first prize at mir .state and coniitv shows in 1843 ami 1844. We think our sheep are heller washed iIkui we used lo cle,-m them in Veruionl. Our iiiiide of wasliini; is cheap ,-md <'xpcditii)ns. We run iw-n fences ani;ling from the stream when- we wash, to guide ihe >heep at the tcrniinus : we build a pliitform over Ihe river; then by ibe aid of our dogs run -hem over this platl'orm a.- iiist as pos- sible to give motion lo ihe water. They are obliged lo s«iin about lour rods lo sirike ibi-iqi- posiw liaiik. Then i-etnrn them across a shallow place In low, where they can wiide the stream. — We jump them oil' ibis plank work into the riv- er three or four limes, lill wc arc satisfied lliey Ql\)c iTavmcrVi iilont!)!!} bisitnv. 13 are lliorou^lily cleansed. In lliis manner, we I atirrent of lamlis, anil we hope sheplri rils will coirsider- it well. iMany are lost every year'. They are thrown on lln; drmg heap from despair of their recovery. Some uren hang them on apple trees, a moriument of their own car'elessuess aird folly, vvber'e they look worse ili.'in so many nests of cilerpillers on the limbs. — Mass. Ploii^hninn. Study of A;rieulli:re. Why should Irol— asks Dr-. Lee, of the Genesee Farmer — a persorr .fliuly the profession which Ire is lo follow ibrough Irl'e r Is lire skillrri culti- vation of iheeartli a |inrsriit not snfficienily hon- orable lo be regarded as a profession'? Or is a:;r'icnllirre of too small iiirporlauce to be studied as a science, as well .as prndiced as an nr0 |)i;r rKiit. Id pio- (liii-tivfiie.-is aiui value. So Ion;; as tljo lillf.TS ol' tin; carll) shall work \t> or 15 hours in 2-1, to make soniethiu".' out of nothing, the balance of (he world will <;ivi; them lint a pn^iious litllo for their service. And why shoiihl thi'V.' If a farmer 1,'ives as much labor for one huslicl o(" corn or wheat as he should ti)r three, ought be not to c.\chani.e bis badly directed industry, by ^ivinjr three d.iy.s wcirk for one with tho.se that stud;/ their l)usines, and make every hour's work tell to the best advantage? We cannot blind our rea- soning i'acidties, and thi-n plead ignorance of the things th:it foi'rn our annual ciiip.s, as a reason why we should bavi; more than the market value for onr projiuce. Theie is no allei'nntive but to lessen the bard work now expended in growing all oiw agrieul- tuial staples, by ibe itid of hxowlcd-gc. ] f we ci'u- elly wjlhbold this knouh;dge from our sons, we indirecllv lli^'<' " bond that they shall be the hew- ers of wood and draueis of water for the better itdin'iiii'd, and that, too, at the smallest wages, all their d.iy.s. Kind readei', if you have a .son, and believe v/'uli n.s, that the study of the laws of Nature will do him no h.Mrm, purchase (or bim Mr. Ja.s. F. W. .Johnston's " Lectures on Agricultural Cbemisiry," latest edition, which will cost you hilt SI -•">• Let bim buy, as soon us he has thoroughly studied .loiinslon, Boiissinganlt's "Ru- ral Economy," which will cost a dollar and a qu.'U'ter more. These invaluable works should be in every common school library in the State. We commend them to the ailenlion of all teach- ers of young men in academies and other semi- naries. .'\s text book.s, they may be regarded as stanilani works in all debates; although they ddfer in I heir respective analyses of ceriain |danis, such as wheat, potatoes, and a iinv others. IJiu |)lants diffijr in the proportion of their elemenls, in dilTerent soils. The analyses of both are dnnbtUss correct in the particular cases to which ibey refer. There is scarcely ten farmers in the whole State, Ihat feiul all ibeir cnltivaled plants, includ- ing fruit tree.-i, grape vines, and strawberries, as they should be fed. I'lie same is true, to some e.xtent, in regard to feediiiu', with the most ap- propriate and econoniinal Ibod, all domestic ani- mals. How impiu'taat, as well as intercsling, is the study of the organic strnclure of all the living tilings kept on tlie'farm! Tbes(M)rsaii- ized vegetable and animal beings posse.*.^ many organs, and each org.in has its peculiar ollice to perforin. Do We work unlh or against Ibe purpose of Nature, in our treatment of all these vital fimc- tioiis!' Are we sure that we obtain the largest possible crops of peas, potatoes and corn, from any given amount id' land and labor.- or the largest return in good pork, for the corti, peas, and potatoes, consmned by our swine.' How is it in regard to the production of grass, carrots, beets, beei; biilier, cbei^se and wool? Whose wool, worth 00 cenis the pound, costs bim the least money in land and labor? Whose cheese and butler yield bim the largest profit or com- pensatiiin for bis industry? When we o.\|iort 1(100 tons of cheese to Faigland this fall, how much truly valuable nii;tlr-r hii"e we. drawn from our pastures? Where are Ibe precise things in boundless quantity, that make cheese, wheal and wool ? What madness In resist the sludij of these tblnirs. The gn.-iit " ICmpiie State," witbitsdve hmidreil ihoiisand lield laborers, can not support (lite agricultural school! "O! shame, wheie is thy blush?" — (lencsce Farmer. We pidilisb ibe above by partii-nlar rctpiesi, nnd we di> so very cheerfully, beitanse we enlei- tain a very high opinion of iIk; agricultural ^'cal of Dr. Lee. Wo unite most cordially with the Doctor ill Ids commeiidalion of Joluislon and l5oussing.-uill, the former especially, and we hope ihe day will come when the full developement of the science of agriculture may lead to ibe most jir.icticid results. But we woulil have this pur- suit divided, as every other i.s, into ibe study of the science, and the priiclicn of Ihe art, and we woiilrl no more reipiire every fiiriiier to under- stand the scienrr of iigi icidture, than we would expect the prncticnl drugirisl to investigale llm chemical laws by which the directions in his dis- pensatory have been oblaiiied. Let those who liave the opporiiinity, make the .science of agri- ciilliire their pursuit; whenever lliey have arriv- eil at a pr.ictic.d result by which they can increase bis profits, the momty-making (iirmer will be rea- dy to adopt it wiihoiit enipiiring loo closely into the means by which it has been oblained. Have these lesiibs been obtained by the scientific iii- vi'Stigations that have lately occupied the minds of Liebig .-md other distinguished chemists ? To a small e.Meiil we believe lliey have, and to that extent their views have Iieen difiiised and ado|it- ed. Let us see. Dr. Lee is probably one of the most scientijic ngrieidtiirists in America; he is billy possessed of the views of Sprengel, Davy, Chaplal, Liebig, I5ou.-singaiill, Johnston, &c. &c. Does be make twice as much wheat to the acre with the same means as bis more ignoianl neigh- bors? ll" he iloes, we will warrant they will Hock aroimil bim lo inquire into the modus ope- randi, and he will have no cause to complain of their indilfereiice to philosophical iiivestigalioiis. We do !iot wish lo discourage scieniilic inves- tigations in agriculture; on the contrary, we consider the world deeply indebied lo Ihe philan- thropic and disinterested men who have under- taken them; but we would have the practical firuier consider that |diilosophical invesligalions into one science requires a very protiiimd knowl- edge of many others, and our advice lo bim would be, whilst he keeps his eyes wide open to the practical results \vliicli otber.s, Iiy the investi- gation of natural laws, are seeking for bim, to pursue diligently the rides that the experience of mankind has already established. Let tliese pbilo.sophers experiinent and prove the truth of their closet deductions by the crop they make in the JieUL 111 the meantime, we would have every eidigbtened firmer know even the discoveries lo w hich lliey pretend, and where they are plausible he might try a few of thcui in a small way; but ill (iirining, as in itiannfaclmliig, he who is con- tent to pursue his business upon principles alrea- dy established, will get riidi, whilst his competi- tor, who seeks by experiments to find a shorter road to wealih, will die poor. It is the business of the philosopher to inves- tigate, and it is the privilege of mankind to avail themselves of the result of his investigations; which they will certainly do, whenever these iii- vestigalioiis lead lo a practical result. — Southern Planter. Makixg Articles i.n Horn. — The handles fiir knives, razor.s, and oilier articles moulded in born, are lliiis made: the born is first^cut iiiio appropriate pieces with the saw, and when heat- ed, these are piepared with a knife or spoke- shave, to the general (brni and size required ; af- ter whiidi the pieces are pressed into monld.s All idea r the first lime, last winn-r, (18-11!,) their constriiciion and silnalion difl'eied so much liom what 1 had been acciislonuil to consider the essentials of an ice- house at home, that 1 had great doubts of their efiicicncy; but iii the presenl lime, which is tbi! end of .\i.gnsl, 184-1, many of these houses iiro yel full ol ice, and seem lo answer tie end most admirably. You are probably iiware, (iom my (hrmer discriplions of Ibe coimlry, that ibe town of .\ingpo is built ill ihe iiiiilsl of a level plain, from '20 lo 30 miles ncros.s. 'I'bcse ice-honse.s stand on the river sides, in the centres of this plain, completidy exposed to the sun — a sun, loo, very dillircnl in its eflccis (iom what we experi- ence in England — clear, fierce, and hnri.ing-- ^I)c farmer's iitoutljln bisitor. 15 which woiihl try llie cflU-ieiicy "f om" l>fi^t Eng- lish ice-i)oiises,':S well iu< it does tlin constitution ol' !Ui En:;hsliiniiii iii China. Tiio hdttoiii oT tin; ice-liouse is nciirly on ii linel with the sniToiiiKlini.' lichls, noil is irciienilly jiliniit 20 yiiriJs long hy 14 hroud. Thi- walls, which an; huih with niud iinil stone, iiie very thick, 12 ll'ct ill height, and are, in fact, a kind ol' pnihiiiilviiienl father than walls, having a door through Iheiii on one siilc, and a hind ol s!o|)iiig terrace on the other, hy which the ice can he thrown into the house. On the to|i of the walls or eiidiankinent a tall S|)an rooC is raised, con- structed (jf hanihoos tliickly ihatehed with straw, giving the whole an appearance exactly re^eln- hling uii Knglish hay->lack. .\nil this is the simple stincttire which keeps ice- so well ilining^ the snnitner iiiottlhs, iiiiiler the hiiriiiiig siiti of China! The Chinaman, with his chinacieristie iimenuily, inatiages also to lill his ice-hoiiM; iii a most sitiiple wa)', and at a very trilling expimse. ,\round ihi> house he has a small Hat level field, which he lakes care to overllow in winter heh)re the cohl wetitlicr comes. It then freezes, and lin-nishes the necessiiry siijiply at the door. A- gain, in sirring these stnne, fields are ploughed up, and planted with rice; and any wttter which comes f]om the hntioin of the ice-hoi:se is con- veyed into itjeiti hy a drain conslrncted for the purpose. Of coiir.se he "e, as in Kiigland, the ice is carefully covered up wiih a thick coatiiiL' of slraw when the house is filled. Tims the Clii- iiiiinan, with little expense in hiiihiiiig his ice- house, and an economical mode in filling it, inaiinges to secure an ahundant supply for pre- serving his fish during the hot sumnier moinhs. This, 1 believe, is the only, or at least the princi- pal purpose to which it is applied in this country, and never for i-ooliiig wine, water, or making ices, as we do in Knrope. It is now, I ihink, .-i (pieslion whether we could not build ice-houses at less expense and more efllcient, upon the Chinese phm than upon the old uuder-groimd svsteiu eoininon in Eng- land. " Effect of Galvanism on Plants. Some large stories were told last spring, in re- gard to the power of Galvanism, in l'orv\arding the growth of (iliinis in the g.-irden or fields. During the last s'ummer many have tried the ex- periment as recommeniled, hut either it was not a frood year for Galvanism, or there is nothing of any oonseipience iii the system, lo recom- mend it. The editor of the Prairie Farmer thus very sood iKitiiredly t(dls the results of his experi- ments:— , Forcing Vegetables by Galva.nishi.— F nder this title we published, e irly in the year, an arti- cle giving an account of the wonders said lo he wrought ill vegetaliim liy the u.^e (d' the g;dvanic current produced by connecting copper and zinc plates. The article was considerably copied, anil •several experiments were |iut in operation under its ilircciions. What is the result.-' We will briefiy stale our e.\]>erieiice, which we believe lo he suhstaiitially that of all till' rest, so far as we can learn. A copper plate liiurleeii inches by lijur and a half feet was buried, edge up, at one end of our gtir- deii, and a siufilar one of zinc at the other — ilie two being connected by a copper wire supported on flakes about six lijet high. Ilelween the plates were peas, cabbages, beets, carrots, pitiks, tomatoes, potatoes, .ind parsnips; all of which we cxpecled pretty cerlainly lo sec; leaping up in the most precocious manner. To be sme that the plates would grind out the lightning in the most approved fiisliion, water was ti'eqiieully poiued upon them, though they were binied three inches below the surface. Thrice a day lliey were visited, and various were the s(]iiiuliiigs, and ineasurjngs, ami comparisons, lo make it ap- pear that the galvanized vegetables were out- stripping their ftillows — and now and then it seeme'tances, is very imperfect. One gentleman, whose writings and opiiiinns on agricultural subjects have done good service lo the cause, has hmiorably and candidly told us that he expended some liundreds of pounds more on a small est.ile in ihainiiig than was necessary, bill then he was trying a mode perfectly original, by putting the brnkeii stones imderiiealh, iind the drain tile on the top. Our latest advice is, to put in (four deep) in any soil, the smallest tile we can gel, with an aper- ture of one inch in diameter, the subsoil to be then put in. and if it is clay, so much the better, and tiie firmer it is rammed in and made solid,' llie more perfect will be the drainage. Here, then, we have extremes the very reverse of each other, and each in Iheir turn have hud their advocates, who would have felt displeased to have their judgments doubled. It may, then, beco.ne a (pieslion with the young farmer or commercial genileman who is anxious to embark bis capital in scientific liirining, which of these systems really is the best, and most likely to insure a safe reimn for the amoimt of capital invested. Oil this question, experii nee tells us — do not implicitly believe or follow extremes on either sidi', but judge for yourself, by trying their sys- tems on a small scale, side by side, and do not despise the practice of the neighborhood unlil you have /jrocprf it erroiieou.s. It is loo much the liishiou for experimenters and writers on agri- culture to give llieir opinions as though one sys- tem would suit all soils mid situations ; a greater mistake cannot be ii::;de; what would suit in one W'Oiild be worthless in luiotber, and vice rersa : this applies not only lo draining, but also lo im- plements, and everuhiiijr coiiiHX'ted with the cul- livalioii of the soil. As regards pulling in tiles four feet deep for surface (irainage, if it does answer well in some iiislance.s, it is no proof that it would succeed in all. In some siinalions it would be impossible 10 get proper oullalls for that depth, and in others the expense would be very ciinsiderabli'. Now, we should commence our draiuiiigs with good oiitlidls, that the water may go off briskly ; if dead levels are brought up lo the iiioiith of the drains, the water moves ofl' sluggishly, and then unless constant care is taken to keep the water- courses scorned out, gr.-iss and weeds will soon grow- up and stfip the ilrains. — R. Smith, in Lon- don Agricull. Gaz. Cows i.\ Har.ness. — The following is from the interesting work of Lady Van Rensalaer : " We look a drive yesterday u|i a most roman- tic valley, and met iwo pea.sanls driving their cow in a little carl. They stop|ied to ofl'er lis some pears. I particularly remarked the cow, to see if working did li^'r any harm; she was in excellent condilioii. I wish the cottager in Eng- land would adopt this ciisioiti ; it never comes into his head ihat the cow can do anylhiiig bul^ give milk. We know nothing of economy iu Engl.iiid; what is daily wasted iu it would save from siarvation the miserable creatures who rlie in the streets. I5ut what is everybod\'s bnsiiiess is nobody '.s, and so those w ho can afford it go on allow ing waste." We have oiirself witnessed the docility of these amialile and iiselul animals when subjected to the surveillance of the yoke, and have often fell surprised that a people so ^' cide" and enter- prising in the great mailer of "turning a shil- ling" as the Yankees are reputed lo be, should iioi ofiener make them assi.-t iu the performance of farm work. Speyed heifers are deigned as valuable for work iu Scotland, so we are infiirm- ed, as young oxen, and those who have practiced using iheni for ihis purpose here, speak in the highest terms of their Iractableness, their docility and freedom from every thing like viciousness under the \oke. — Maine Cult. Fresei^ving Poultry anu Game. — This deli- cious nieai, and even small sheep, may be kept fresh two nionihs of the winter, by first cooking, 16 ^l)c iTarmcr's iHontliltj llisitor. (iiid then lian^'iu^' tliem lip tu freeze in u cold room. Fioeziiig ninkis the iiieiit more tender, and it also |iarli:illy iihsorhs the spices of the tstiiffiii;.', and hecornes very delicious in ils flavor in a few weeks. Poiiltiy, &.'•. may he preserved hy having the iiisides taken out, and charcoal dust put in their place, anil iIkmi hiin^ up as uhove ; also, Iiy puttiii;; it doun in cold lard. — .Jmei'. .IgriciiH. Qlestioxs. — A correspondeiil of the Visitor, at Di,\liehl, IMc, writes — "I should he pleased it you would state your opinion in the Visitor as regards the hest application of Lime to Corn — whether it shonhl he applied in the hill spread broad-cast, or mixed with inannrc, or other- wise ? " Another, at Parsonsfield, says— "Will you |)lease to give through the columns of your pa- per what iiiforuiation you can with reference to the /m/i 5/iff/)— profits of rearing, &c. ? 1 un- derstand that they are raised in your State. Voii would also confer a I'avor hy giving an opinion iUt to the kind of sheep most prolilahle for raising." A third correspondent in Maine, remarks, that Ids Sheep are very much afflicted will, sore nwullis, and rcrpiests us, or some one, to point out n remedy. In tlie tenipfuary ahscnce of the senior editor, the pro. teiii. coiidudor of the Visitor is com- pelled, through ignorance, to lay the ahove ques- tions "on the table" until the pnhliration of the Fehruary niimher. Will smneof our suhscrihers give us their ex|)erieiice in relation to the matters in question ? Oats. — Oats difler in iippearance from the other grains chiefly in the form of the ear. The floHer-stem, or racliis, diviiles at the top into nu- merous hraijches, hum which the grain springs in the form of a jiaiindc. While the ear is young the hranches are erect; hut, as the .seeds advance to uiaiiirity and hecome full and heavy, they as- sume a hanging form. 15y this posiiioij ilie air and light have more Wot', acce.-s to the ripening grains, while the rain washes off the eggs or young ol' insects that would oiheruise prey upon the*eed.«i. The oat is a hardy grain, and ihrives in cold and wet i-limales, which would he inimi- cal to the other kinds of I'orii ; anil thus, in north- ern regions, it atlaius a luxuriance miknown to more genial climes. The oat aftoids a liutri- tioii.s nu'ial, and recent discoveries have shown that this meal contains double the quantity of gluten I hat is (ounil in the hest whi.'al flour. It has le.ss starch or sugar, hovveviir, ihan wheat or hurley. The straw of oats, too, afiords a uiilri- cious food for cattle and sheep. — Hogg's Jfiitkly Inairudor. Kekpimg yooR Pigs in Winter. — There is both uegllgHnce and mistaki? in the way of win- tering pigs. 1 am not talking lo those whose manner of keeping stock is to let slock take care of themselves, hut to liiruiers who meiin lo he careful. Hogs should he sorted, 'i'he little ones will, otherwise, he cheated at the trough, and overlaid or smoihered in the sleeping heap. There should not he loo iiiaiiy in mie enclosure; especially young pigs should uotsleep iu crowds, for, alll gh ihey sleep warmer, tliey will suffer on that very iici-ount. L>iug iu piles, they get sweaty; the skin is much more sensitive to the cold, ami coming out iu ihe morning, reeking and smoking', the keen air pierces them. In this way, young piirs die oft" in the winter, hy being too warm at iii;jht. — Indiana Farmer. IjirRovi;MK>T OF Ci.AYiiV A.M) Sa.nuy Soilp. — Old I5uussing;mll knows a thing m- two, (says 'Ahrahaui Suiiih,'' in ihe Western Oihivator,) but he has not salistied the |uaciical farmer how he might supply the delei't of (day iu sanily soil, and sand iu clay soil. May 1 venture a hint, in homespun language ? It is well known thai there are cerlain vegetable mailers that areqiiii'kly de- composed, as green cdovi'r, green oals, &c. : and others slow of decomposilion, such as ripe timo- thy, rye straw, &:.c. It is also kuowulhat the do- t'ect in .sandy soils is, princi()idly, that the land lacks adhisiou, and is too (piick a cmiductiu' tlit- ('iiitt^il Stales: — TKltMS.— '1 11 sin;:!!- subscnliers, .V) cents per annum. IVn piT ci-iit. will l»' al|.i\vi;d tu any pi;ri;oii wlin sliall send us nmri: iliaii t tie madf in adv ant t-. ill ciiiiini'-ncin;; tin; piililir.atiun of titc ciiiljiji volume of th« Moiirlily \'isiri)r, iIiH pnldishers would faiiiLfily wolicii. tlifit prcsiiit paUoiiK, and such other trrnl'.emcii as may trol (lis|>o- sell tn patf'i[it/.i; til*! only e.vclnsivriy AcriciiUnrnl iicwspiiitr in eilhiT ol Ihe Stati's of Sew llainpsliiro nr Vi-ininnt, td l> twi rh-m a helping hand in inrreasin? its riroulatiun. Ouniit; the first two year.-< id" its piililicarioii, thp Visitor nninlirrcd atmiit 50,10 siib^sciiltLT-. Since that time— mir rir.iit.-. i.i idiiuiii *nli- stripiions liavinj been necrpsarily divtricd fn^m il hy a pren unrt' (if other business— tlie nnniber has yearly (hrreased, al- thoiiL'h the tale of eiiib^'eription has been rediired mure th,ui iiv'-iity \ifT cent, 'i'he pr("*cnr. ntimber nf (nn .-^nb.-JciipiiMn Ii>t, is about i-'^Of). At dur present siib«rripli"n price, this tininbcr, to ensure a fair profit to the puhli.-hcr!', Klninld Ik- tlaiiblfd : and if a fair coiH|)ensaliini for the services of tlie edi- u>r IH laUcn into cmisideraiion, it slouild be trcMid. The Visitor WHS sinited, in iMHti, as an experiment. For t'lMir yi-arri, at least, after its cumnieucenietit, at the orisiniil piic- ti| siiUsciiplion, ir nriived highly hMlci:es>fMl. Siihsiqiien! ly wiih a reduced snlHcripti-'n pnce— and until the las' year — li has Hflordcd a profit oitly, if tho Hcrviccs of tin- editor are nut (iMHiilcnd. We now appeal to the Karmer-i of New V.\\\i hiinl — and pariicuhirly to tlutse of onr mvn and the State of \'ermi>ni— tu diTide whether il shall be fairty ^n'*tnilled ; and We d(t so w Ith the more HSi^iiranci't iiuiNmuch fis ( we liiive al- rciidy romarKed) it is tin* r.nly e.tclusiv.dy asricnUurnI paper in tlie two latter Slates, and heennse we furnish it a( a very mod- erate price. Lverv {jenllciuiin who recnivefl this paper U especjtilly re- (piinted to assist lis liy hi-* fluency. If any one sluill be tuo ninrli pnj;ac<'if oihirwi- noticed two beautiful Caiilu fmiu Westfield, s(dd for Si-iU. Ptice.a Een<-rallv advaneed. Ue quote extra S5 75 iTi !?(i; first qiiahtv ii5 25' '5' gS.V); second S4 75 f&J ^5 '25 ; third !54 (8> $4 5U. Stores. — \u sales nolirud. Shcrp.—Wv noticed a beautiful lot oi UVthers. Salea at $r>, $4 and S3 ; ordinary Sheep from $-i to S"2 "5. ^,r,»p.— Not in d.mand; several Hitkaji lota were sold, half Harrows, at ■l.l.c At retail from 4.^ toGc. UOSTOX 3I.\RiCET— Jan. 27. FLOITK—Xnthins has been done since the arrival of the steamer, excepliny ntail salea of Genesee, common brands, 5i*l f(i} 5 87, ca^-h. '/'here is no inquiry whatever for Southern. GRAIN— Corn is dull, with small sales yellow at 70c, whits 67 fto 7Hc tF*- hu. HIDES— Furlhet small sales Buenos Ayrcs, at I2i^»>, 6 months. AlULASSES— Small parcels Cuba distilling al i8c ^ gal, 0 ms. Sales by letail litrht. SU{; AK — There is nothins duing that requires particular no- tice. COXCORD WHOLESAI-E CASH PRICES CURRENT. For VVk31 India Goods .t Gkocebies, pLorit, Grain, Pro DucE, laoN &. Steel, Plaster, Salt. Lime, iLC. Aic. CoiTCCtecl weekly for Mill's .\. H. Patriot byGILMORE Sc CLAPP, at the Dupot Store, (;oncord, A'. H. Jan. 31, IBli;. ::^ ..a ..I 75 .10 ..C . .m ..8j . Jl ASHES, Pots, I'.-arls . ALUM, B1!!J1.ST<).\U, Itoll, Siil;;liur CAMPHOR. Reliiieil,.... CA.'^DI^E.S, Jtould Sperm, COl'FUE, St,. Doiimij;u,. Porto Rico, Porlo C^ilu-llo, Oltl Coveriimenl Java,. COPPERAS, FISH, Hank, S^quinlal,.. Polloik, a,.-jO Kav :!,00 Okl Dun, 4,.''i0 .\o. 1 Sulinon, If* lil.l, 14,110 No. ISIiail, it> hill, 14,00 Ton's i;SoiiMils, <(> bill, (1,110 ll.ll.l''ins,V|)hbl, 9,00 FLOUR, Genesee, 6,« Fancy liraiid, 7,00 Ohio, Akron, 7,.';U Spaiildiny. extra, 7,.'i0 I. 11 Beach, 7,50 FRUIT. l-ii;s 14 itaisiuii, hliicniark,. . ..7,.')'J Black mark ii,5:) lio.x, linncll 3,M FUSTIlMC, Cuba, p- ton, ;!0,on Tainpico, •,i'J,00 Ground, ^ liund l,7.^i GLUE, Russian best, 17 Am.'-rican, 11 GRAIN. Oars, .50 cents [l* bii Curli, til}^ do do bu Rye, bll do dohn Beans, ". .7.") 'a> 1 ,'..'» Peas, .50 'fi 75 nulXDSTO.NES, Ifliinal- ily, nuished,|}>liund.'J,25 Do. do. unlinislied, 1,50 HEKRI.NIi.lr box, .\o. I,. .50 Scaled 75 l.NUIGO, I!en5al,.l,l(l«i) 1,75 Spanish ll.ial,. . .1,110 i(i: 1,.50 Manilla, 't't'iv l,*i5 tnO.V, Old Sable, 5 En«li -ti Banks, irlincd,. English, sheet,. KilSfiia, do t^^ Kl Old .Sable nail rods .Ij \(n\ve[:ian do 'J riiininon do 4.1 English lioop, A .American do 4 Slloe Sliapep, Am ..4^ .4J Swedes, shoe shapes,... LEATllEll. .New Vork SoleI.ealher, l.islll, 14 WIO Do. lleavv, lain* 15 LUIE, 'I'lloinivstioi, liist iiualily, 1,50 Cantd'-ii, ilti ifiS LUGtVOOl), St. IKimin- ao, |i> tcui, a-3,00 ramivMchy 27,00 t;roiirMl, ;r> lulnd 1,75 MACKEREL, iNo. I, {!>■ bbl il,(in No. J, 7,00 Nn. 3 5,00 MOLASSES, Havana, i:> Surinam, 25 Trinidad, nii l<.Mlo Rico, 3i SU',:ar House 50 .\'AII.s. Ilosion IrunCo's hran.l 4( (ilil lolony do 4) Wev utli Iron <.'o 4J Mald-n, 4 PLASTER, |;>liin, 8,00 Uo. l-ronlnl, 10,00 PROVISIO.NS. Pork Ex- tra clear |i> bill, 16,0" Common do 14,00 Extra Atesti, 13,00 Common d 10,00 Butter, {;)• ik, 1Q« 14 Clieese, new niilcti,. ..7'f{!d Four uieal, 5 iffi fi Dried apple, best, 44*55 Lard, northern, ....10 l>o. suutherii 9 Tuikeys & Cllickens, l>est,S Goslins, best, 5 Round Hu^s 4^ i&ti REDtVOOO, ground, f* hund 2,75 I Nicaragua, f* Ion,. . . .3.5,0U I RICE, lf>- hund. best .5,00 jROSI.\, (.-> hill -.',50 SAL.URaTUS, first qualitv,4 SALT, St. Ulies, ()> lihd. 4,5iJ Cadi/., 4,00 Biuiaires, .4,75 Turks Island 4,75 Liverpool, 4,00 [ Do. tine, Wortllingst&n I brand, p- bag 2,00 ' Do. nitier brands, 1,75 I SALTPETRE, crude 8 I Uo.refined 9 ISEED. Clover, northern,. 12^ j i)o. soulhein, 10 • Herds grass, if bu 2,a.i |SHEi:TI.NGS,nriinetf>yd ..SJ 'Slll.N'Gl.ES. lirst qnulllv. -No. I, pine, ^M :t,00 do. do. do. spruce 2,00 SH IRTINGS, 1» yard 6; SHOT, assorted, 5\ SHOVELS, cast steel, S» " doz 10,00 Steel pointed do 51,00 Iron do. best, 8,0n Uo. continon, f>,o0 SOAP, Caslile, 10 VVliile Soap, best, 8 Brown, r^'o. 1, 4 Family, .1 Eilra, 0 SPICES. Cassia, ill maus, 3-1 l>o. ground, Qit Cloves, 3;t G inner, pure, 74 .Mace, t!> It., 1,00 Nntn-egs, best, l,r>5 Pimento, whole II Uo. Krounil, 12 Pepper, whole II Do. ground, 13 STI:EL, Swedes, lii-sl 71 Sanderson, Mrtithers &. Co. fcist sleel, 18 Jessop 6i. Son, do 17 Gernnin, uest, IS^ Do. cominon, 10 Conch spring, best, O.J SUGARS. Brown Hava- na, very best 10 Do. do. prime 0 Dn. do. lair, R Double retin. East B. luat',13 Do. do. crushe.l 13 Do. do. iiowdered I3J Goniiuon lonf, II Porto Hico, best, Si Pitrilled Muscovado do . . .84 TAK, V libl 3,00 TE/VS. Gunpowder, best quality, (;> lb, 75 IrniH'ital, do HU Hyson, nAt, AcEVTs.— n. Ci'oK, Kcelie, N 11.; Thomas R. Uamitov, Wasliinglim Ciry, I). C. ; John Marsh, Wash iri^loii St. Ho-MiMi, JIa.ss. i OiiAnLcs Wii-.EETf, Brinluy Ki.w, NVoiifslt-r. .MasB. TEItmS.— To single subscribers, Fiflij CniU. Ten per cent, ivill be alioweil to llie person who shall senil more than one subseriber. Twelve copies will be sent for the advance pavnielil of Firt Dallars; Iwenty-live copi.-.s lor Ten DMars; si.vty copies lor TwcM\j Dollars. The payment in every case to be made in advance. ^/-Money and subscriptions^ bit a regulation of the Post Master Oeneral, may in all cusrs lie remitted by the Post Jljostcr, free oj postaire. rO"-\" sentlemen who have heretofore acted afl .\yents aie requested to continue their Agency. Old subscribers who (i.uie iitnU-r the new terms, will please notify us t.f the names alieatlv on our books. Introduction of the Alpaca into the United States. We h.ave observed wUli pleasure the intention of the American Agricultural Association, at the sugge.stion * of R. L. Pell, of Ulster county, to introduce the Peru- vian sheep, or .Mpaca, into the United States. This animal inhabits the slopes, table lands and mountains of Peru, Bolivia and Chili, enduring all the vicissitudes of cliuiate. They are found 12,000 feet above the le\el of the sea, where they derive a subsistence from the moss, &c., growing upon the rocks, e.xposed to all the rigors of the elements, and receiving neither fond nor care from the hand of man. The shepherd only- visits them occasionally; yet such are their gregarious habits, that the liinmbers of one flock selilom stray away and mix vvilh another, being kept in discipline by liie older ones, who know their grounds, and be- come attached to the place of their nativity, to which they return at night, evincing an astonishing vigilance and sagacity in keeping tlie young ones together, and free from harm, llence there is no need of bianding them. So great is the intelligence of some leaders of a flock, that much value is on this account attached to them by their owner — part of whose duties they per- forjii. These animals, says William Walton, are found * on the snow-capped mountain Chimborazo, ll,(j70fcet above the sea. In this tiopical region excessive heat is experienced in the tjionth of August during the day, and towards evening the thermometer regularly fills many degrees below the freezing point, and the next morning rises from eight to twelve degrees tibove it, — all of which great changes they endure perfectly well. In other parts of the Andes mountains, during half the year snow and hail fall incessantly; whilst in the high- er regions, as before noticed, every night the theruiom- eter falls many degrees below the freezing point, and the peaks consequently are constantly covered with an accumulation of ice. The wet season succeeds, when lightning H.ishes traverse the clouds in r.apid succession, followed not by showers, but by torrents of rain, which after collecting, fall headlong fioin the rocks, leasing the slopes ahuost bare of soil, and spreading desola- tion wherever they pass. Still thcMpacas abound and thrive. Their teeth are so strong that they can easily crush and masticate vegetable substances too hard .and tough fur ordinary cattle. In the formation of their stomach they resemble the camel, and can underfro ex- treme hunger and thirst. Their meat is tender, whole- some and savory, and in that country is recommended by physicians to invalids, in preference to fowls for all declare that their meat is extremely wholesome, and as palatable as that of fat sheep in Castile. Mr. W. further remarks, that in his time there were shambles in the Peruvian towns where it was consl.intly sold. — The quality of Alpaca meat could not fail to be good, when the cleanliness of the animal and nature of its food, and neat and delicate manner in which it feeds, are considered. They eat the purest vegetable sub- stances, which they cnll with the greatest care, and in habitual cleaidiness surpass every other (juadruped. — The hardv nature and contented ilisposititni of the .Al- paca, cause it to adapt itself to almost any soil or situ- ation. 'Mie best proof of its hardiness is its power ro endure cold, damp, hunger ami thirst — vicissitudes to which it is constantly exposeii oii its native mountaiirs; while its gentle and ilocile (pialilies are evinced ill its general habits of aliection towaids its keeper. No animal in the universe is less affected by the changes of cliiiiate and fond, nor is there any one to be found more easily domiciliated than this. Another re- markable feature in the .Mpaca is, that it does not pers- pire; for which reason, and its peculiarly cleanly hab- its, the fleece does not require washing before it is taken frotn the back. Although often confined to re- gions where " Snow, piled on snow, each mass appears The gathered winter of a thousand years," The Alpaca is free from all diseases incidental to cotniTion she(!p. The chest is guarded by a collosity which comes in contact with the ground while the ani- mal reposes, and protects it from catarrhs, or other dis- ordei's disabling the limbs. In whatever point of view we contemplate the properties and habits of this aiii- nial, it will be found suitable stock for all our western and northern Slates; waste and unprofitable pastures would sndiec thetn; ihev would browse on wild grass- es and herbage that sheep and cattle reject. They will yield 12 to 15 pounds of wool, which is suited for the finest class of goods, and calculated to compete with silk. It is ainiost as fishionable now ns that fabric, being worn by her Majesty Victoria. In 1834 the quantity of Alpaca wool imported into Eng- land was 5700 lbs., valued at $16 per quintal — in 1842, to July 9th, 1,200,000 lbs., valued at #25 per quintal — up to 1844, 8,657,164 lbs. were imported into Liverpool alone, valued at #30 perquintal. In France the wool is used instead of Angora for cashmeres and inerinoes. It has been proved to be admirably well suited for mi.xed goods; and so firmly is its reputation now established, th.it there is every certainty of a grow- ing demand, to meet which an additional quantity will annually be required. It is supposed that ow'ing to neglect of the inhabitants of Peru, there has been an enormous decline in the number of .Alpacas, which will eventually render them dillicult to be obtained. We would therefore urge strenuously genllemen of wealth — manuficturers — merchants — and iigrtculturist.s — and in fact all who feel an interest in the welfare of the country, to come forward at once and assist the Socie- ty in an undertaking so worthy of all praise. We un-* derstand the cost of bringing out three hundred will be $10,500, delivered in New York; of which suiTi throe thousand have already been promised. We sincerely hope those engaged in an enterprise so noble will not allow the matter to flag. — A". Y. Journal of Com. .Artificial Uuck-ii.atching in China. — One of the greatest lions in Chusan — for we have lions here as well as you in London — is an old Chinaman, who hatches duck-eggs in thou.sands evei-y spring by artificial heat. The first question put to a sight-seeing stranger who comes here is, whether he has seen the hatching process; and if he lias not, he is immediately taken out to see tlie old (.Chinaman and his ducks. An account of the house and the process will probably in- terest you, and I therefore send you a leaf of my pri- vate journal, which I wrote on the morning of my first visit. It was a beautiful morning in the end of May, just such a morning as we have in the same month in I'.ng- land, perhaps a liltle warmer; the sun was upon the grass, the breeze was cool and refreshing, and altogeth- er the effect pi-oduced upon the system was of the most invigorating kinil, and I suppose I felt it more, having just arrived from Uong-Kong, and suffering slightly from the unhealthy atnuispliere of that island. The mist and vapor were rolling lazily along the sides of the hills which surround the plain on which the city of Tinghai is built; the Chinese, who are generally early risers, were already proceeding to their daily labors; and although the greater part of the l.iboring popula- tion are very poor, yet they seem contented and happy. Walking through the city, out at the norlh gate, and leaving the ramparts behind, I passed through some rice fields, the first crop of which is just planted, and a five minutes' walk brought me to the poornuin's cot- tage. He received me with Chinese politeness; asked me to sit down: ofir-red me tea ;ind his pipe, two things always at hand in a Chinese house, and perfectly in- dispensable.. Having civilly declined his offer, I asked permission to examine his hatching-house, to which he immediately led the way, and gave me the following account of the process. First, however, let me describe the house. The Chinese cottages generally, are wretched build- ings of mud and stone, with damp earthen floors, scarce- ly fit for cattle to sleep in, and remind one of what the Scottish cottagers were a few years ago; which now, however, are happily among things that were. 'J'he present one was no exception to the general rule; bad fitting, loose, creaking doors, paper windows, dirty and torn; ducks, geese, fowls, dogs and pigs iu the hooso and at the doors, seemingly as important, and liaving equal righlsvvitli thei4- master; then there were child- ren, grand-children, and l^r aught th;it I know, great- grand-childt*n, all togetlier, forming a most motley group, which, with their shaved heads, long tails, and strange costume, would be a capital subject for the pen- cil of Cruikshank.. The hatching-house is built at the side of the cottage, and in a kind of long shed, with mud walls, and thick- ly thatched with straw. Along the ends and down one s'ide of the building are ;i number of round straw bas- kets, well pla.stered with mud, to prevent them from taking fire. In the bottom of each basket there is a tile placed, or rather the tile forms the bottom of the basket; upon this the fire acts, a siuall fire-place being below each basket. The top is open, having of course a straw cover, which fits closely, and which covers the eggs when the process is going on, the whole having the appearance of a vase which we sometimes see placed upon a pedestal at home, or rather exactly like the Chinese manure tanks, which perhaps are less known. In the centre of the shed there are a number of large shelves placed one above another, upon which the eggs are laid at a certain stigo of the process. When the eggs are brought, they are put into the baskets described above, the fire is lighted below, and, according to some observations made with a thermom- eter, the heat kept up seeming to range from 95 to 102 degrees; but the Chinamen regulate the heat by their own feelings, and not by thermometer, and therefore it will of course vary considerably. In four or five days after the eggs have been subject to this temperature, they are taken carefully out, one by one, to a door in which a number of holes have been bored exactly the size of the eggs; they are then held in these holes, and the Chinamen look through to the light, and are able to tell whether they are good or not. If good, they are taken back and replaced in their former quarters; if bad, they are of course excluded. In nine or ten daya after this, that is, about fourteen days from the com- mencement, the eggs are taken out of tha baskets and spread out on the shelves which I have already noticed. Here no fire-heat is applied, but they are covered over with cotton and a kind of blanket, remaining in these circumstances about fourteen days more, when the young ducks burst their shells, and the poor Chinaman's shed teems with life. These shelves are large, and capable of holding many thousands of eggs; and it is really a curious sight, particularly during the last two days, when the hatching takes place. The Chinese who rear the young ducks in the surrounding country, know exactly the day when they will be ready for re- moval, and m two. days after the shell is burst, the whole of ihese little creatures are sold and conveyed to their new quarters. Hhciiaum., Wilson, the Ounothologist. — The following is an extract from a letter written to a friend by this clever and amiable naturalist : " One of my boys caught a mouse in school a few day ago, and directly nmrched up to me with his prize. 1 set about drawing it the same evening, and all the time the panting of its little heart showed the extreme agonies of fear. I had intended to kill it, in oi;der to fix it in the claws of a stufled owl ; but happening to spill a drop of water near where it was tied, it lapped it up with such eagerness, and looked in my fiice with such an eye of supplicating terror, as perfectly over- came me, I immediately untied it, and restored it to life and liberty. The agonies of a prisoner at the stake, while the fire and instruments of torture are preparing, could not be more severe than the sufl^erings of that poor mouse; and, insignificant as the object was, I felt at the moment the sweet sensations which mercy leaves on the mind, when she triumphs over cruelty."' k I 34 ^\)t -farmer's illcmil)ltj faisttor. A Short Debate in Congress. I We sfltloin ftive the reailers oCtlie Visitor tlic proceedings of Uoiigress — ibr tlie very yood rdiisoii that the debates ihfre usually have to do with politics, and not vviili a;;riculiiire. The foj- lowiiifi dis(nission in llic I'. S. Senate, however, wonlii seem to he (thout the first in uliirh agri- cultural matters have been named (Inriufr iIk; present session, and we eopy il into our rohiinns t'roni the W'ushinglon Union, of March 18, as of some interest to our reailers. It was upon the question of printing 30,000 extra copies of the annual report of the Commissioner of J'atents — the only public document, we believe, which us- ually treats ofayricidtural matters — and we be- lievi: that a vote v/as snbsequonlly passed to re- duce this luuiiber to 5000. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS. Mr. Athekto.v, of New Hampshire, rnoveil to take up liie report of the Couunitteeon Print- ing, reco;nmending the printinf^ of the report of the Commissioner of Patents, and briefly advocat- ed the |irinting of liie ninnber of copies recom- mended by the connniltee, who had evinced their desire to cconomiKe by recomniendinf! the print- ing of a much less nundier than last year. !\Ir. Sevjf.b, of AiUansas, entered into .some liistorical details relative to the origin and pro- gress of lite iiatent oilice, and expressed his great alarm in beholding the magnitude which it had assumed. It had actually grown up to bs a branch of the goveinment. He was rpiite alarm- ed at this. The fathers had got on very well in their good old moderate way, wiih a patent olilce confined to a single room in tlie old post office. But now they had got a great granite building — and a commissioner — and a team of clerks — and connected with it, he believed, a squadron of the navy, which liad gone over the whole world to Ijring back stones, and fossils, and birds, and Fejee wige. Mr. Cass. Egyptian mummies. Mr. Sevier. Yes; and also Egyptian mum- mies— and all sorts of seed? — turnip seed, and cabbages, and lettuces— in fact, almost every thing he had beard of, and a great many things of wiiich he had not heard, with names which he could not .make out at all, imd had to get his friends from Alabama and Pennsylvania to make out their meaning for him. 'I'liey had gcnie far enough in this business. He was tired of this spending money for the printing of a hook about buckwheat and Indian corn. Of the documenis accompanying the President's message, fidl of valuable information relative to the foreign rela- tions, the finances, army, navy, Indian afJ'airs, and everything else of the cuinitry, only fifteen hun- dred copies were printed. This patent office had gone too fin- ahead. It had absorbed the public priming. in a great degree. It had all turned out just as lie had anticipated years ago when it was proposed to build that magnificent structure. He supposed if the revulsion of 18.37 had not e«me they would have proposed to build a great national church alongside the patent office', so that they might all worship there beside that na- tional curiosity. He thought a slop should he put somesvhyre to that magiiificuut humbug — the patent office ; which bad actually lecturers at- tached to it ; yes, lecturers to leacli lininers ! He was a farmer liimself, and he could teach those leclurers— he could. I,et Senators only thitdt of it — leclurers to teach men how to sow oats! Hi' never went to hear sucii lectures. How much did the pali'iit ofiicecost.' Could his friend from Peniis_\ Ivania, [Mr. Ca.mero.\,] tell? No; he shook his head, he could not tell. Nobody could tell. He sn|ipusc(l it cost more than the Stale Deparlment. .Ml of their old commiiuhlication and circulation of a document vvhich had met with such uuei|iiiv(ical favor. He could hardly undertake to reply seriously to tiie assnalts which had been made upon the patent office as a useful deparlment of the public ser- vice. It was well kiiowti that at that office intel- ligence at once valuable and gratifying, was daily received in relation to the progress of all the useful arts amongst the American peo|ile. In his ojiinion one oi" the highest aims of govern- ment was the encouragement of the arts of civi- lization in a legitimate and proper manner. Thaf end was gained in an ominent degree by the patent oflice. But be would not go into an ar- gument on lliiit snhjecl. As to talk about the expimse of publishing Ibis document, all he had to say was, that no doubt some gentlemen were very anxious to show their great desire to ecou- omi/.e l)ie public expenditures. Perhaps at tl|.e proper lime be (Mr. C.) would evince an equal desire to attain that end. But he thought Ihat^ in the pieient inslaiice, the ellbrt was somewhat forced. His object in rising w;js simj)ly to cor- rect what he believed was a misapprehension on the part of the senator fiom Connecticut, [Mr. Niles,] who had stated tliat he had before him a pumphli't I'oiiiaiiiing lli.u rejKi;t «f the Coinmis- sioiier of Patents, issued liy .so4iie publisher in Philadelphia, and that some members of Con- gress had sold the document. It would have been more libi'ral and nearer ithe uiai^ to have supposed the fact that llie Pliiladi'Iphia publish- er, aw^ii; of ihe value of the document and its popularity, had ordered an edition from the juil)- lic printer for his use. That >;as a common procedure. He hoped tJ,iut tJiere would lie no aUerutlon in the nu.miber,of copies; recummendei] .10 be 4;rinled by ihccoyiitrtltee. Mr. Nu.Ks, of t;rume.c.t.i(uit, oaid tie Iiad n wxjrj to say. Hince lliis tjuciilion was ;ip ibe other day, he hud looked into the history of tJje legis- Jaiioii Oil III.-! subject, .so far as thore had be^i any to sanction the cinnpilation and publication of these reports, and lie fiuind it to be this: in \S'M'> the patent office was re-organized, and raised from a mere clerkship, altai.hcd to the Sliite Department, into an independent Imreau, or, perhaps he might say, an independent de- partment. Ill the act passed at that time, there was a section appropriating one thousand dollars to he expended by the (Joiiimissiuner of Patents in collecting agricultural stali^tics. It was a mere appropriation, and could have no effect beyonil the ensuing year. Since that period, there has been annually an appropriation of one thousand dollars Ibr the same object, until last year, when ail appropriation of three tliousanil dollars was smuggled through Congres.'i for procuring agri- cultural statistics, without the restriction that it was to he ex|ieiided by the Commissioner of Patents. I say (said i^lr. N.) this appropriation was smuggled through (Jongress, because I be- lieve that very few members of either house knew anything about it ; and much less did they know the object for which it was intended. No one can have supposed that this three thousand dollars was designed to create another office, and be a provision for paying the incumbent. But such, he underslood, bad been the fiicl ; this sum had been given to another person, the gentleman who had formerly been at the head of the patent office, who had collected the inlbrmation which made up the present report. We had now two oflicers, each receiving three thousand dollars per annum ; one who look charge of the patent oflice, and another who collected statistical in- formation and compiled the report on agricul- ture. What was a mere clerkship a few years ago had grown up to be an intlependeiit depart- ment, aiul u/a.s now dividing ilself and Ibrming aiiother distinct and independent buivau, which (night be called the bureau of agriculture. We have taken the first step, and have to take but one or two steps more, and this bureau will he established. The senator from New Hampshire [Mr. Atherton,] misunderstood his remarks the other day. He did not say that this proceeding was wholly without law ; but he said it was ir- regular, and, in the extent to which it bad gone, was without any legal regularity or sanction. — What is the legal authority ? VVhy, previous to last year, it has been an annual appropriation of one thou.sand dollars, to be expended by tlio Commissioner of Paleiils in procuring statistics of agriculture. .'\n appropriation hill does not usually involve an expenditure beyond tlio amount approprilited ; but in this case, the ap- propriation of one thousaiul dollars has grown into all expenditure of one hundred thousand dollar.*, But the appropriation was Ibr colleciing agricultural slalisties. And how has it been ex- pended .■" Why, in collecting materials consist- ing of essays on agricultural subjects — some original, and others extracts from oilier pnblica- ^ions — tor a large volume, w hicb is called a re- port. In this publication laiit year, consislin;/ o( inore,tliaii five hundred pages, there witc hul livo panics of agricultural italis;licii It has none of the qliaracteristics of a riquiri, but is a volume cojiipgsed ol" essays and articles on various agri- cultural subjects, many "f which had appeared ill other agricultural )>nblitNitioiis in llie country. He lliouglit it time to pui u st'.ip tu such iriegn- lyr and useless expeiidilurts. He had a wciril 10 say in reply to the remarks of the s».-iial(>r from Pennsylvania, [Mr. Camero.n ;[ he was not mtsiaketi in his remarks the other day in regard to these leporis having been in the hands of iho book-5«iHe,!s-, The senator supposctl tjic ropy li» read was u re-print of this report. It was iioj so. Th«,copyoii his table is our publication^ and one of the copies printed by order of Con gress. No hook-seller has re-published this re- port. I'hey could purchase il cbca(ier llian iliey, could re-p(inl; and if tiny had re-pumled if, thev V.o.n/d liaio done it in a uiucb cheafwr fiiriii. The copies »o have primed >\l the publi.r e.\- jiense have found their way into the ImimiIs ai the book-seUers ! and il was not fiir him lu saj how they jjot thiire. J^ Si/RUinyi-y Beast. — Said a jnirchrvser to a l(orsedca|er, " Js that animal sure-footed .'"-- " Perfectly," f'ald «'"' jockey ; " when he puis |ii foot dowii, ygi/.J lli'iuk he was never going tc ^aKe il iiji' '' BJAAB- i.i;wijia5Ji-rt Qt\)c iTarmcr's ittontl)lii l)tsttor. 35 From Ihe Albany Cultivator. Gaideu Operations for March and April. 5i Mr. 'I'lcker — Alicjiit tlio laltpr |inn of tliis tjioiitli, llie first sinus oi' tMrly spring a|)|)i:ur in lliB tiowring nC tin; cjociiscs : " 'I'lie lirst gilt iliiiig 'I'ltat wears llic trcinblnig pearls ol" spring." This pretty lilllfi llovver, '• tlijil cinnes lii^Cort; llx: swallow il:irt!S, aiitl lakes tin; winilsol JMari'ii Willi liuaiity," is a great favoiite of mine. The tliK 1- c.irlii'.-t sorts of crociiscs are the yellow i.';ir"'^^^j n her retiring ol^en quite •l'!^'-''''''^, ' " ,f^ ,1;,,, r:;:-;;"^ ":^::M great labor a... ddig^- nuist bo employed, the P'"'^'"'" .° « ZlL ::it:r,srpil^>"^-mr\i;^^^ care should bo observed not to have them wiap clair tells us that a Mr. Bracebridge, "drenched some rotten sheep night and morning with strong brine, after which he did not loose one ; they became fat, and the meat fine and good, as if the animals had never been affected." Mr. Fennell also states that, "the fattening property of our own salt marshes is well known to graziers and farmers." As I think I have now shown that there is a tiotion that the use of salt is favorable to fattening, I proceed now to inform you that it is also said that " in fattening, salt must be avoided." In No. .5, page 473, of the Journal already named, we find an admirable article on " Animal Life," by that talented advocate of "Shelter," Mr. Donald Bain, of Edinburg. The following quotation ho gives from Liebig's "Animal Chemistry: — The presence office muriatic acid in the stomach, and that of soda in the blood, prove, beyond all doubt, the necessity of common salt for the or- ganic processes ; but the quantities of soda re- quired by animals of differenl classes to support the vital processes are singularly unequal. Again, it cannot be accidental that the life, the develop- ment of a plant, is dependent on the presence of the alkalies which it extracts from the soil. This plant serves as food to an extensive class of animals, and in these animals the vital proce.'^s again is most closely connected with the pres- ence of these alkalies. We find the alkalies in the bile, and their presence in the animal body is the indispensable condition for producing the first food of the young animals ; for without an abundant supply of (lotash, the production of milk becomes imjiossible." "Alkalies," adds Mr. Bain, " are useful to general health therefore, and indispen.sable to giving milk. But in fatten- ing, salt must be avoided ;" " for it is worthy of observation," says Professor Liebig, " in refer- ence to the proiluction of fat, that the absence of common salt (a compound of sodium which fur- nishes soda to the animal organism,) is favorable to the formation of fat ; and that the fattening of an animal is rendered impossible, when we add to its food an excess of salt, although short of the quantity required to produce a purgative ef- fect. Mr. Bain now goes on to state that "it is possible that this may account for the fact that Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, and the British Islands generally, being loaded with spray from the sea, their cows are excellent milkers, while the beef of all their cattle is, I be- lieve, indifferent. Our Scottish feeders have at once found out that Grass too much impregnat- ed with salt does not feed, and they have reject- ed it accordingly. May it not, however, be use- ftil in producing milk?" I trust I have laid the matter jiroperly before you, and now wait the result; but before leaving the subject, 1 might Inquire, seeing that all agree that salt is favora- ble to health, is fattening n healthy process? Young Scotland. We believe Lie:big in one of his works, con- tends that/o< is not a healthy jiroduction. — En From the Maine Farmer. Beans with Indian Corn. During the last year I wrote a short commu- nication for your paper, in which I stated the ad- vantages which would probably result from 38 m)t Iaxmtx'5 inontl)hj iHsitor i.lnntiiiK bean? between llie rows of corn. 1 can- not «ay that my experience the h>.t year proves conchfsively that to phn.t l-can. »'"«"f^' ^J"' '''- der all circumstances, is f;oo,l pohcy My co.n- fiekl was pretty .ich,an,l rathm- liherally nmnnre.l v7L-^ho\aouehM-onUeMd 1 phmte. hean between the rows. During the summer the coi n an he l,eans looked finely, In,, the result was not what 1 anticipated. The ears of cnrn were so large nor so well filled upon th« partot he field vhere the beans were planted »« -'P«" "%° ;'^, part oflhe field, and the crop ot beans, when threshed, in-ovcd to be rather light. 1 ie^ted a field, belonging to a neighbor ol mine, planted with corn au.l beans between the rows This field was very fertde, havn,g been Abundantly n.anured. The owner, a good prnc noted flocks in Connect cut. New ' >\I'^''"^. •„ul Addison county, Vt. We called at J\l . lid'- near by, but finding l.i.n absent, we took . 1 nsi'v' um=y of his splendid Randjoifdlets, also :; very fine colt in his yard, and passed on to '''dcc' 30lh. Called on Mr. Wm. Barnes, of Rutland, where we were treated with great at- tention anil kindness, and shown some ol the best Saxon sheep that 1 have ever seen out ol Addison county. Many of ihem, Mr. 15. in form- ed ns, were from the flock of the late 1. D. Grove, l':so of lloosic, N. Y., or Iheir direct descendaiils. The shape of their bodies an.l ihesizeol llieii the cattle yanl, where ^ve found eiglit as fine pair of woVking oxen, yoked and ready lor busi- ness, as lever saw slaudiuL' together in one yard. Color mostly red, and red and white, a cross ol Devon, Durham and native. Many ol them were fat enough for first quality of beef, solt coaled, rich and mellow handlers. We were next shown a two year old bull, and two bull calves ; they were all large nud flue animals. The uuslees orefer the Diirhams for cows, and the Devon lor oxen We next visited the sheep yards, w here ue found a flock of strong, healthy looking sheep. Thcv are of the Candah.npe breed, and said I'V the trustees to have been bred pure. '1 hey are the severity of<.nr long wiiiters;llieir wool is long, anunuaiiuy I.'".,....... -■-- • •• n I fine clean, being free from yolk, and shear on tical farmer, observed tha he ^=I>"1 '' ''^"^^^ a U averr^ 3i lbs. per head, worth at Ic.ist 50 « swamp" of corn stalks and beat, jme • Im . "^ "eur^r pound to the manufacturer. Mr. Uarnes light crop of corn and beans. He S^ve his o p cem .^^ ^1^^ country, built ion decidedly against p anting ^^^'^"^ ^"]^"^;"^- ^\^X ,,!n,Ls out buildings and fixtures fo. Perhaps on land moderately fertile or not ve y b .< ^ a ,^,j.,„„^f ,,i, ,Heep are highly tnanured, it may be good policy to plan tlie « ^ am ^ beans among corn, but on land very fe.nle o, ■ bodies and ihesizeot ''''^''T''*' ''^'';l'='"V.,v.sl carers bein- clothed Innhs are strong iudica,ions that they l--^;^ -i;i;- ^ ^'If^' v or'^^^-l. -^ "'■ ^-" sufficient consli.iaion ,o enable them to eiidui_e i;;;;;;;;";^',;^,,';.,;; of them we found covered willi highly manured, such a practice may not always be^dvisable. Land highly manured wi 1 mos commonly make a great shotv ot "e^ds afte. haying, and these should be re.noved, always takini especial care not to injure the roots of the crowTng corn and luxuriant bean vines, and pumpkin vines form rather a bad obstruction to the careful hand of the farmer, or to the band hoe. are not inferior to the comforts and conveniences he has provided for himself and lamily. Fioui Mr. Barnes' we drove to Mr. Kelley's, a short distance from Rutlniul v'!''"''-' ".'r'T ."f, found some very goo.l sheep, bu Mr. K. l.eni from home, we left his place and drove to Mi. Hull's, in Wallingford. Here we saw a superioi flock of sheep; better flocks, take them Iron, old lovonng,(aud bis flock numbers from 400 to 500 ) are " few and far between." Alter dining "" '' - ■ " ■•' '■■ '■ ' and crossed the ■e one fi^.fbr corn, the pres- wufi Mr H - 'eft WalUi.glbn mountain to Ludlow. The next mornmg, Dec. 31st, we drove through Proctorsville and Caven- dish, all within 4 or .5 miles ot each other, and each containing a woolen fiictory. Wo reached the Connecticut river about (our miles below Windsor. Shortly afier passing the village, we saw in two or three difl'erent places the opera- tives at work on what is called the "Centra' 1 intend to prepav -v., „ , r„.,,, ent year, and manure rather hberally broad cast, and also in the hill, and I think 1 shall neither plant beans nor pumpkin seeds .among the corn, lintend to plant my beans in a fie W separatelj. Some think that pumpkins will yield more abun- dantly when planted along with corn. I intend to nrepare a small field, and plant it in rows lorn- fee anirt, putting a pumpkin seed in once to ''ve* »; V' s;;;,;V;rn;ont"has at last struck evty't wo hills of corn. The pumpkin vines may Raili a 1 ^.^f ^^,^^,^,^' ,„,,„,emen,s ; what ten bKlee'd diminish the value of the corn ci^^^^^^^^ ^..^Ul do for her is veiled in the future, but ^vhere the main object is to obta n a '^op ot pumpkins, it shoul.l not be regretted. By cx- Lrinentingwe may add, every year more or less to to the sum of agriculmral knowledge. But Mr. Editor, our ablest and best tarmeis are silent-whv will they not commumcaic?- When will public opinion say arouse to action When shall we witness a proper I'mo" °f ^^"''^^ among our farmers? .J. E. Rolfe. The article annexed we take from that exce - lent publication, the "Albany Cultivator. It will be found interesting, and we can fully en- dorse that portion relating to our friends at Ln- field. Had the writer visited our own county we think he must have been well pleased in ex- Tmi ng the Merino flocks of Messrs. Sibley and Barnai-d,-exlensive wool growers at Hopkiuton. Merinos in Vermont and New Hampshire. Mr Tucker— I submit for the perusal ot the readers of the Cultivator, a few notes taken m a recent tour across the Green Mountain btate in- to New Hampshii-P. Monday, Dec. 2i».h, 1845, 1 slarle. m compau with Ml-: D. A. Bennett, of Bridport, oi the purpose of visiting some of the most noted flocks ofsheepin Vermont, and one m particular m New Hampshire. The first flock ot nnportance that 1 shall stop lo notice was that o Mr. Merrill Bingham, of Cornwall. In passing bis place his nurn was apiiroaching the sheep yard with a bushel of potatoes on his shoulder, which le scattered along on the snow, then s ipped the bars, and out came thirty or forty noble lat ewes, "pure Paiilers," as ho termed lliem, and set themselves biisilv at work devouring the potatoes; they were not ciil, but whole, and that appeared to be no obstach^ in the way of the sheep as thev were soon disposed ol. Mr. Bingham then Showed us a buck -d' ihe Kambonillet breed, re- -«• cently from the flock of Mr. (.'ollms, oi Connecl- ic„,.I-Hu is carrying his old fleece, n practice which is always to be condemned in iny eslima- tion, as injurious to the animal, and inisre|,re- seiiting tlieir true cmidition. However, he is a very .-ood sheep iu appearance, covered wiih a rnatofwool thai is sofl and even. _ !• roni Mr. BliK'bam's we drove to Mr. Lincoln s in Bran- don? where we n-uiid some very good sheep which ho has selected from some of the most years will do for her is veiled in the luture, but " we Yankees" prophecy great results. At Quechee village, in Hartland, we crossed the Connecticut, and soon arrived at the moutli of Mascoma river, in N. H., which brought us on ,0 the line of Concord road. Here we found them making railroad in earnest. I'roni he Connecticut river to Enfield, a .b^tanco o ten or fifteen miles, we counted clubs of 12 to ~.> men at short intervals, engaged in leveling the hills and conslructin^' their tnbankuieiils. leii;;iii, turn iiittiij v^. •■'- - ■ I . , r very fine wool. On inquiring the weight ol fleece and prices obtained fbr their wool, we were informed that they were the owners of a factory; that they manufactured more wo,d than they L'rew, and in consequence ol manulucturmg their own wool they sheared without washing. But it is mv opinion they will shear as niany noiinds of 'clean washed wool as any breed ot sheep 1 have ever met with. They appeared iio ways anxious to part with any of their sheep, but after some conversation we prevailed on them lo sell us six ewes and a buck, which we put mio our sleigh, already prepared for the purpose, and '"bIu before leaving the Shaker village, 1 wish to iXive you a description of their mode of inak- in.; fence ; first, their posts of granite, which are split as true and as straight as a chestnut nn, these being drilled lor a bolt at top and bottom, are firmly planted in the ground at a proper dis- tance from each other according to the length of their fence boards. In the next place the hoards, 3 or 4 in number, according to width, are |,laced upon the posts, then with a cap that reaches Iron, top to botlom, with an iron bolt and nut thronjth the post and each end of the cap, secures the boards firmly to the posts. We also noticed in several places on both sides of the Connecticut river, long strim;s of fence constructed in this manner, which 1 think must be quite durable, if not cheap. , , ^f The thought struck me as 1 passed some ot these yranite pn.^- -- . ;;;;i';!,r'S,i:;'s:i;:?.i»;£".";:.;"sl- £' w ii,,. ■ ..-■ -.■ - • of feasting the eye of "'^ »g;;''"l""™' '""j'f " The village is composed of three fann he We called at the trustees' oflice of the inidille family, where we were received in a very friend- ly inanner by the trustee, Caleb M.Dyer, and treat- ed with all ihe hospitality cliaraclerisuc ot that order of iieople. On looking about H';;"- P''--'""^- es but a short lime, we were coinpelled o a - mire the order and arrangement of their dwell- ings and oul-buildiugs. Simplicity, neatness and economy appeared to nrevail ihrouglioul the whole establishment. Their buihlinus are principally built of woo.l, lur-e and roomy, without cornice, which gives tlKUU ralher a liovel appearance at the present day, and mostly paiuled yellow. In the rear ol the triistr.s'otric-e, and about the centre of the J. N. Smith. tne riou. win. .»a. >i.-' , ,, known our business, heard some remarks upon the subject of imponiiig Spanish shee|., received an invitation to call the next mornmg and look at his sheep, which may form the sub|,nn ot an- other commiinicatinn. J- l^- '^ Vcrgenncs, VI., FtbA, 1846. For the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. Theory and Practice. \ Lawyer of experience, made the "thatmoVe law was usually "'•'I'T'' , ,,., year's practice, than in Wve ol study. ' And i is -Has true in farming as in law-iu plm,ghing Ihe fields as in poring over Plowden. It is said, al- .; o be tri'us that "the best of "-■".If.'^rwho a,, to be the best of ,.ractisers. ' 1 hose who i „ the bar are soiueiimcs .he best of elenien- '■ d sometimes those remarli, one ,|,e trustees' otli,-e, and about the cent e o 1 c ■ ■ ,.e,,„,.,ers; and sometmies tlio.c hnildings occupied by the niiddle lanuly, s.amls I >^ ','._, ,,^ .,' ^,,„, ,„ ,arming-full of gen- a large building, fi,ur stones above the basement ";?'.:.,,., „„^, ,-,,, i„ ,bo Ch^nis.ry ol ag- conmosed of granite. Tliis we were in onned :,|-Vu. sorry crops ; just as some of was used as a (ilace of lodging and dimii tlnnigh we di,l not think it expedient, from tie shortness oflhe lin,e we had to spend U<'A^,Jo l,c very imiuisiiive respecting their religious ten- cnts ; we Mi|q.ose,ru also to be , heir I-lace ol worshii'. This family contains l.W persons. .Ian 1st, 1H4(;. Rose at tlu: ringing of the bell at half i.ast 4. Before the Uvilight ol the morn- ing had lit up the eastern horizon, the streets, yards and shops were all alive will, indiis ry , each Willi a light in hand api.eared lo bo at en- ding to its own business; some vveie feeding their teams; .some repairing their sleds, while others were busily at work in their respective shops. The greatest industry and neatness »p- neared to i.revail iu-doors as well as on . As soon as it was sufliciently light, we visited Inst riculture, make but sorry crops ; pisl as >o - of the most charming "blue ■"'°'^l''''"^ ''' ' ? bewi,cl,ingwi.h»pen,nienda coa III milt- ferently and ace not worth kissing m the ait ol ,:ul2-,:pudding. •>•'."- "in. liirm in theory n,ay be likeiwd to the men ol genu s hat Ihe 111' ihe Stale to execute. T kin'' the works upon agricii lure now ,n e.x- •.„:,., a most valuabe liiu.l of knowledge is ^^nd ami "-baps the young farmer caniio^ snend a few dollars with so much '' '"'" -f ,'" ay oil er way as in the purchase of >1"^«<= ''7'^;' bul experience ulonc can make a large i>ur.;l.«f,o r Ihe heauties iinil hlossoins ofsprini:, who does not sympathise wiili the joyous hirds, ami w ho never stoops lo pluck the lilossoms from the enameled hank of spring. The two miisl lie lilended — theory and practice, poetry and prose, fancy and fact — to make the prosperous happy liirmer, the oriui- nemt to sociely, a hlessim: to his race, the nohlest prndnciion lo a homilifiil I'rovidencc. VVe are oil the increase, as we helieve, of tliis class of men. Agrienluire is on the advance, and oiit- linmheriiii,' a» the farmers do, all oilier classes in our land, they have Ihe means, and most of them we Iriist enjoy a large and full share of llic hles- siiiL's of life. R. I'rom tlic :?oljtheril Cultivator. Dkep I'lol'uhing. — I had a field of 13 acres, nalnrally very poor, (so much so, that the first nalnral production was a poor growth of sheep sornd, a cerlain iiidicarion of slerilily,) w liich I intended lo put in wheat. The .summer was soiiieiliiiig like the last, excessively dry. When the time arrived for hreaUIng up ihi.s field, it was no hard that a plough wiili two horses could not lie got into the ground. Four horses were tried withonl success. A coulter was tried with two horses, hut the draft was too great, and four horses eiiahled the plowman to break up the field. The wealher continued dry, and when it was time to sow the wheat, ihe /doughs were put in- to ihe field plunghed with the coulter, and it ploughed well. The wheat was sown; no man- urn was applied. The wheat when harvested was a very mlerahle crop — for such poor land, very good — and there were many jdaces frniii 10 to 20 yards square, covered with Itiruricnt clover. No seed could li.ave hecii on the land, and how it came to grow, can only he solved hy future ex- piM'iments, Tlii> idea tliatslrnck me (which I would like to see iiivesligaled hy some more scicniific experi- nienl.-disl,) was, that the plough having reached deep iiilo the clay hoitoin (ihe top-soil was de- I'omposed granite, or coarse gravel,) the clay at- Iracled nitre from the atmosphere, and thus caus- ed the growth of clover, which it is believed will only grow on l.iiuls enliivatefore the Chester County Cabinet of Natural Science, the writer says he "has taken extraordinary parns to ascer- tain its history," and after he has given the de- tails, he thinks it easy to pronounce, to what ])or- tion of the globe the rest of the world is indebt- ed for Indian corn. He cites numerous authori- lies, the general bearing of which, undoubtedly is, that the plant in question is a native of Amer- ica. Robertson in his History of America, speaks of the natives of the Southern continent confin- ing their industry to rearing a few iilants, which in a rich soil and warm climate were easily train- ed to maturity. " The chief of these," says he, " is ynitize, well known in Europe hy the natne of Turkey or Indian wheat, a grain extremely pro- lific, and of simple culture." Prescott in his Conquest of Mexico — and we consider him a careful investigator — says "the great staple of the country, as indeed of the .American continent, was maize, or Indian corn, which grew freely along the vallies, sud up tlie sleep sides of the Cordilleras to the high level of the table land." And Baron Humboldt, insists that it was found by the Europeans in the New World from the south of Chili to Pennsylvania, and, says Prescott, '• he miglit have added to the St. Lawrence," for the Puritan emigrants found it on the New England coast, wherever they lan- ded. We raise annually, in the United Stales from four to five hundred millions of bushels of this noble grain. It has somelimes been termed the 40 She ianncf g itlontl)li?^t6itor. meal the meadow and llie vutnure of llie Ariieii- can farmer, and we can hut feel alive to its liisto- ,V as well as its cultiviilion. For cattle and lioff!', there is no produce of the field that can tqiial ii; nnd for inan it only h'ives precedence to the lui- tritiousness of whe»U~ Phtadelphia Farmeis Cabinet, ^ Fortbe Farmfr's Monthly Visitor. Guano. The remarks of your correspondent in the last number of the Visitor, .ipon the application of Mianures, is worthy, as I H'ink, ol innch atteniioti. hin. the throat, is looped to the reins and passes back so as to he convenient to the ilriver, « ho can a pleasure draw it tight and thereby stop the wind „f the animal, when he most sto,,. 5ui tins pro- tection, like all other retiiedies should he m coo , self possessed hands, for if the driver is ln,«ht- ei,cd as much as the horse, he may not think ot il iind liorses that start suddenly ultcn do al the „;-,schicf before e^en coolness could choke them into subordination. Where a horse is excited, and is bpcomiufr firadually nnmanageable, tlien almo-^t any one could keep him under by letti ing an act absolutely prohibiting llie importation of for- eign wheat until tlie prin^ in our markets had becn.for lh°ee consecutive month.s above 80s. per quarter. An- other law was p^.sscd in 1822, prohibiting the importa- tion of fernign wheat when the prices were at or under 70s. per nuarter; admitting it when between TOs. and 80s. at a duly of Vis.; when between SOs. and 8ofi., at a duty of .5s.; and when above 85s. at a duty ol Is.— This law, however, never came into effect, as it was provided that its operation should be delayed until wheat rose ;ibove SOs. per quarter, which did not occur before another aUeration look place. Karlymlh-', Mr Canniii" brou^hl forward a series of resolutions lor ,., any one could keep hm, im.^r ny nn . ^. ^ ^^ =■„„,,;- i..,o a corn law. He pro- know that be .sunder suhjeilion, '"'^^ ' ''H '"^^ P"''". ,.„„ ^,, .^ =,,p,,rlv similar to the one alter- iTthe manure or siiiunlant contains ihal wliicl enters into the material of the crops, be it corn, wheat, potatoes or turnips, &.<:, ihis, with a sm- table preparation of the soil, is the way to obtairi Qffoodcrop. Last season guano was applied in a small quantity, with great success, upon In- dian corn, while upon potatoes no perceptible difterence in the .pianlity resulted from its ap- plication : and where stable iiianure,lull ot straw, was used, a great additional yieUl was had. A crop, it would appear, will no more thrive from the application of manure not adapted, than an animal from food that is refused and rejected. Some soils require lime to make them fertile; others have already a siilTiciency. Plaster acts with wonderful advantage in some instances; in others it appears to have little or no effect at all, and upon farms where it has been used for a long succession of years with advantage, at length its happy influence is no more jierceived. What can this be owing to, but that the soil has a suf- ficient quantity of plaster, and has now become exhausted of some other ingredient that enters into the material of the desired crop ; and it would appear to be the business of science, to furnish this knowledge from the analysis of its soils. , , , , No farmer, but lias remarked that there is a diflerence in his land in one field and in another. Here a sandy soil is adapted to the growth of certain crops, and there a stiff clayey soil is suit- ed to another. If be changes his crops, he might as well fold his arms and sit idle; all are aware of this; but we are not yet aware, perhaps no man yet knows to the full extent, what is requir- ed in all soils, to give the amplest return for our care and labor. Experience is valuable, very val- uable ; the recorded results of trials sets us to thinking. These are the effects, while the caus- es are hidden from our sight. We have already accomplished much in the w.iy of information ; but chemistry has had a field as extensive, anil we trust, more profitable, than she bus yet achiev- ed in the mechanic arls. Some simple, perhaps cheap aihliiion may yet be found, that will render the most barren wasK.s productive ; and men may be foi.ml with a knowl- edge at once to instruct what is best adapted to any and every kind of soil. This branch ol knowledge has already commenced, and as tin- inquiries are pushed and facts multiplied, print- ing, the great preserver and diffuser of huiii;in kn'owledge, will lay them up in store for fuliiri' additions. As agriculture advances, so move the arls, so progresses murals and refineiuent ; the plough is the hiimble iiislrnineiit that uccoiii- plislies so much good for the liiimaii race. Let us do our part, in our time, to give it speed ..leatlv subdues and breaks the temper and in Mibordinate spirit of a horse ; but, as said al- ready, as in every thing else, there must be judg- ment and coolness in the driver. 1 was remind- ed of lhi» Ibo other day, by the remarks ol a verv wortliv manufacturer of harnesses, to two of ills customers who came in some ten minutes apart, and who inquired about this preventive for broken hones and broken carriages. ' 1 have no opinion, friend I'., of these choke si raps lor horses; do you make many ol ibem ; do they seem to answer the purpose ?" "Not at all, not at all tbev arc a cruel thing; every young chap who -etsbehind a horse wiih oneol these stra|.s, is cunmis to try it; be .Mrains away, chokes the poor animal down ; he falls as if he was knocked on the head with an axe,and nine tunes out ol ten breaks ihe sl.alk of the carriage." ' ^ on are riolit, sir; they are good for nothing but mis- chief and jobs Hir Ihe coach-maker." Presently another came in :-" I i':xvc a very bad horse, friend P.; the rascal is well fed, and runs from mere mischief. My wile has quit ri- dinc with him, ami lam half inclined to part with him for a quiet animal." " Do not do that ; the so.rel, is it-he is one of the finest horses m town. 1 can fix him for you ; there is the article iusl here, that put to the bridle and st.q. his wind for him ; it is the very best thing that ever was contrived, and renders the worst horse as quiet ■IS -1 kitten." It is not among the worst traits, 'that the dealers in leather suit the tastes of their customers. A hundred years ago, when the red deer was among our bills, and stopped to slake his thirst from our slreams, almost every man and boy wme buckskin breeches. If ihe eu.stom- er on trviu'.' tbem on found them tiglit-"just the thin"", sir; v.e always make them so as to al- low for" their stretching." If loo large, ;' they will be exactly the thing when they shrink to your Shape, and last the longer for being loose. posed a sliding scale, nearly similar to the one a Iter- wards carried by the Wellington cabinet and which remained in force until Sir Kobe rt Peel's bill m 1842, which now regulates the admission of foreign corn.— English prijicr. P. For the F.inncr's Monthly Visitor. Choke Rein or Cord, tor Young or Scary Horses. Many persons in the country are aware, that colls may be stopped when rimiiiiig with their riders, if the latter put the hand to Ihe throat and pinch or sipieeze ihe windpipe, and thereby stop their brcalbing. This is most often done by boys, who catch the colls in the pasture and back tbem for a ride, without sadilh; or bridle. This practice may have suggested to some one the idea of a rein or cord to effect the same object where a horse is in harness, that runs from per- verseness or from fright; and in Scotland it ap- pears to have been first piM in practio', with, as IS said, very complete success. l''or this purpose, an additional pair of reins, or a covered cord is ]icrbnps better, to pass ihrougb rings, one on each side of the l)ridle,jnst below the cirsof ihc horse, so as to bring the cord when drawn, to choke the horse at the root of the tongue, and where the windpipe projects; this cord, passing under Sketch of the Corn I,aws.— A short summa- rv of the history of the Corn Laws cannot tail at tins moment to prove interesting. The lirst act lor regala- tin» the rates of duty, was 13th t.co. HI., c. 48. I re- viotis to the passing"of that act, the statutes or orders in Council on the subject were rather dictated by cir- cumstances, such as prosperous and deficient harvests, than any intelligible and settled principles. Usually, a oreater quantitv of corn was gr.iwn than was required for our own consumption. W h,Mi there was a scarcity, Ihe exportation of all kinds of grain was prohibited, ■irid even bounties otVered for importations from abroad. When (Ml the other band, there was a glut in the coun- try bouiitb-s were ollbred for its exportation. 1; rom an early period, certainly as early as the reign of Henry VI the principle of protection to homc-giown corn, has'heen iiiviiri;ibly maintained by our legislature. In the reign of James 1., the importation of loreign wheat was prohibitid when ihc price in the Lnghsh market was below ;!2s. per quarter; and in the rcign ol I liarics II., when the commerce of Rnglaud became more ex- tended, il seems a complete sliding scale was estabh.sli- cd, the duly on foreign wheat b.iug U.S., when he price here was 53s. per quarter or under; 8s. when bc-- iwuen r,:h. and SOs.; and when above the last price all imports to he allowed free. The s imc line of po.cy m:,y be tr.iced pervading the whole of ihe succeeding .■hanges in the laws until 1713, when lliey assumed a more ronstiml and regular shape, liy the act ol 1.! (ico HI., the dnlv was 24s. 3d., when wheat was un- der .'iOs. per euart'cr, and when the price was at or above 64s. the duty was 6d. These rates seemed to h.ivc been fixed wi'th a view of keeping the price ol wheat as nearly as possible at SOs. per quarter— winch, rcg.n-ding the greater value of money in those d.iys, would piaihably he about e.pial to lias, the ipiarter at Ihe present time, t^hortlv after the comm.'n.-em.v I ol the last greal war the pivot was r:,ise.l, and when llie price was below tiSs, per .p.arter, the duty on loreign wheat was 30s. 3d., filling to 7id. when the price Capt. Fremont. We never perused an article concerning the rise of an American youth with more satisfaction than we fe.t while reading the following authentic and carefuly pre- pared account of Capt. Fremont «f 'h^ I- "'«•'! ,^'^''^* Army, the explorer of Oregon and C ahlornia. In the rise and progress of this gentleman, our young men m see an example that cannot but exert a beneficial mfluence. This paper was tirsl published in the New York Mirror, from a correspondent, and It should be ex- '"tS'rZ^i, whose celebnited explorations in the fartherest west is now the theme of anivprsal applause, is a n.ilive of gouth Carolina, the son ol a widow, and the architect of his own fortunes. Left an orphan at four years of age, with a brother and sister youriger than -himself, his mother until be was seventeen pro- vided for his support and education ; at that : ge he be- .an to provide fcr himself, and lor those comiected with him. For three years he taught mathematics, perfect- in., his own education, and giving all li.s earnings be- yond his necessary support, to his mother ind the two younger children. At the age of twenty, his skill .n •mathematics procured him employment on 'e railroad explorations undertaken by the btate of ^outh Caro ii a, to connect the Atlantic ocean and the Ohio river at the iwo points of Charleston and Ciucmnali, and 'b's gave him occupation in the mountainous region of ISorth Carolina and Tennessee, and hrst inured him to moan- t-i'in life and led him to commence the scientihc obser- vations of the heavens and earth, he has since extended over so vast a field. While engaged in this business an increase was made by Congress m some hranohes of the regular army. <;en. .lackson was iheu I resident of the luited States, and directed one half ol the new appointments to be from this class of citizens; and out of this class the young Fremont oblamcd a place among the junior otficer.; of the Topographical engineers. 1 he wise and patriotic decision of General Jackson opened the door for this appoiutmcut, but it required the ...erit of the applicant to obtain it. 1 be Topographical Corps is eminently scientific; aiul the young Iremonl, never having been at the national .Military Academy, had to stand an examination before he could be appointed.— \ board of eminent olbcers examined him. He stood the lest of this severe ordeal. He triumphed m his examination, and thus won his way to a place which the enlightened palriotism of Jackson had laid open to the coumelition of friendless merit. This was a first fruil-a rich one-of having been a teacher of mathe- mitics W hat m encouragement to young men who have hi advance themselves In ihcir own exertions. No sooner was he appemted than he went into active service in the licKI. and spent the first year in the Che- rokee country, in the topographical surveys (under Capt Willian.s') which the apprehended hostilities cf the Southern Indians rendered necessary to the expect- ed military operations. The next year he was^sent as nn assistant to the celebrated Astronomer Mr. Nicollet to the valbv of the upper Mississippi, and was engaged two years ,n that remete region, in aiding that eminent savan in collecting the materials, veril) lug the lads, and instituting the seventy thousand meteorological ob- servations, upon which the great hyerographic and to- pographic map of Nu-ollet and Fremont was construct- ed? and from which so many publishers ol n.aps h,, o levied •• contributions- wi.ho.,1 ackMiowledgiug the source from which tbev came. In 1843, Lieut. Ire- monl lirst became commander of a separati; •'^P'^.'h >™ and explored the country bctwc.n 1 ,e Mississippi river aud the Kocky mountains to the South I'ass of V reiiiont 8 Peak; and the brief, modest, military and scicntihc re- port vlhich he made of this explnration m.mediatelv '„,„,„ l,is name known in I.urope and America as o„c of the distinguished , xplor.is ol the ago. 1. 84-4 he went upon his great exploration to Oregon an. Nmth Califoruia the report ol which, published by oriUr ol ,-. Iress isnow' attracting univcsa attention. In 1S45, ho was gone upon his third expedition, deern, li- ed upon a coiirpletc military and scient.lic '•M-l"''- "" of all the vast and almost unknown regions between ;eac'hed litis. These duties were advanced soon affr- "'""'""; j;j;j;;i,;;'"„'i,d ,he 'i'ucilic OCCail, and bc- ward., and in 1815. Mr. Robinaoi. succeeded in pass-' the Ko.ky Mouuiains QL\)c -farmer's illontl)lij lUsitor. 41 tvvecn the Oregon river and the Gulf of California. — Tiiis expedition is expected to rontimic iieiir two years, and its sucnessl'ul result is looked to willi the highest degree of interest l>y all the friends of science in Amer- ica and I'nropu. I'erhaps no man of his age, in any country, has gone through sucli amount of lahor and exertion of hody and mind as Captain Fremont, rriini the age of twenty the cano[)v of heaven has been his covering, thenu>un- tains and plains, the laUes and rivers, from the Atlantic to the I'acilic, from ihe (iulf of Mexico to the head of llie .Mississippi, have been his home ! His military re- connoissanee in which be was engaged, became also scientific explorations; and geography, botany, geology, astronomy, meteorology, receive eaoh as much atten- tion from him as if e.ich had been his sole pursuit. The fruits of all these researches are recorded in journals daily written in the field. Materials for maps ank, uiili aliont I'onr oinices of alcoiiol ; .sns- pend this over a tire so as to lioil it jrenlly lor .in iionr, having (lie cork set in sliijlitly to prevent ils Inking fire, linl not sons to prevent iIm; escape of the vapor entirely. Then take ont the paper (the only nse of which i.s to give tin; j;lne mure snrface for the aeiion oftlie .-ileobol) .nndadd niie loinee of gmn-sliell.ie in powder: continue llie In'at, ofien sliuking the mixture till the sliellac is :-ii are not planted uiilil .M.iyor June, for the sake ol" a long growth, and a larger yield, which exposes ihem to the disease. KlTlKFnOF. Havkn. V. S. To have large ihriliy vines in June, ihrougb the influenceof spring or summer show- ers, spread in iMaich or .Xpril your entire seed on grass plats, the south side of buildings, and cover them with straw, or blankets, during frosty niglils. The sprouts thus obtained w ill accelerate vege- tation, while ci liar sprouts retard it. K. II. —Ml: Cult. Moi.ASSF.s FOR Cai.vfs — TiiE Skim Milk Qi'FSTio.N. — We received the lidlowing from a very intelligent gentleman from Scotland. Its snirgesiions are no doubt valuable. I>0(* not ih's :iffiird almiber imiucement Cm- farmers lo turn more ol' their iitlenlion to ilie subject of making molasses li-oin cornstalks ? Now is the time for this : To llir Kilili.is of till' I.iiuisvilli' Jouriiul ini.l D.iU.ir t'arimr : (ii-..NTi.F..MK.N. — Yon having lately piiblisheil an 111 tide on the advniila:.'e of using sacchaiine mat- ter as tciod I'm- cattle, lironght to my recollection a of liicl which 1 was co;;iiizaiil. -V liirmer in Lanarkshire, Scotland, bad seen somelhing sim- ilar in a paper be read, and delcmined on ma- king the experimenl. lie had eight heifer calves ai:i)e jTarmcr^gontlill \)m\ox. 43 wiiicl. he was to leaHbr the supply f^ heavy .a.iiliKMion Uirre uas .,o Houl.t hut that .t was li.irlv 'hiiif. Th.'iv, calves are never allow.-.l to surli hut are lid Iroui lh« \nu\, au.l .hat twine a ,laV. As much milk as wouhl have heen given iieVv, was set apart lor twelve hours anil then skhilmed. The sUinuiaxl n.ilU was then warmc.l l„ ihe heat of new milU, and t^ome molass.^s ad- • led, sparlnsly at fust, hut alteruards more pleu- tilidlY. 'I'he calves on this iced throve lull hellei ,|,„u Ihose on new milU, and look the lee, easdy. ■ri.eenamthus ahslrueted was earelully kept ,„„| rhurned hv Usrll, and «hen the calves were u caned, it was Ihund, Ihiljhr ciw, jiomd o mo- lasses exiHwled, hi- s.nic,/ a pound of butler, Ihcjor- vwr being three peucc and taller Iwdvc pence per pound. ^ . Sheep lIusBANDav.-R. Merrill has for s.de, at his bookstore and periodical depot, "'Ihe An.encjui SI.epherd," being a history of sheep widilhe.r breeds man.gen.ent r.ud diseases, illnstrate,! with portraits ol dill-ereiit breeds, designs for sheep barns, sheds, &e., by L \. Morrell. We have before us a certiticate from Messrs. S. Sibley and J. Barnard, of Hopkinton —two of the most celebrated wool-growers in ^ew Hampshire. They say thai this work, which has been nnich sought after, '• embraces all that we have belore Been that is valuable on Sheep Husbandry, and a large nrnoiint of valuable information, which to us was en- tirely new. To the wool-grower who wishes to im- prove his flock, we consider it indispeusible" Mr Merrill also has for sale, " Gray's Elements ot Scientific and Practical Agriculture," with other valu- able agricultural works. Fiom Ihe American Sliephcrd we make Ihe Ibllowini; e.Nlracts:— buef:ding ewes. "Thi-; portion of the flock demand no special atteiilioM hevoud a full measure ot looil, until the :,,,proacli of sprinjr. The course of manafieuieni will depeiul on the time of yeann.j,', which, il fixed Ihr the iiionlh of April, they will require a lar.'c measure daily throuj;li Mareh of potatoes for^heassimilalionof milk. In addition, nothing hetter can he supplied them than a halt pint eaeli of wheat i-horls, iui.\ed wilh a litile harley or oat- meal Oil-cake anil corn meal are not so suitahle, •IS ihey do not afford as much casein, the only nitrogenized element, as the reader has hecn iii- Ibrmcd, of milk. Their fodder through the win- ter should he of a miscellaneous character. I ea mill huckwheat straw are highly agreeahle to them, especially the former, which, from us suc- cuiencv, is well suited to their situation. " The reader is referred to the corrrespondence in Ihe Apiiendi.x for many valuahle hints on the mana.'CMient of hreeiliug ewes, when the yean- ii,.. lakes olace in April. In conclusion, comlort ipuetness,' and generous feeding are cardinal jioints of attention with hreedmg ewes, tlirougli the whole period of gestation." HOSPITAL FLOCK. For the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. To THE Editor of the Visitor :— Having hcen a constant render of ihe Visitor tiir seven years, I thought I would take the liherly to sng- .rest something which has often occurcd to ii e wouhl ho an improvement in any agricultural p.,py,._tli,it is, to collect an assortment of recipes for the preparation of corn, poiaioes, grain, gar- den seeds, &e. for planting and sowing, and the ri"lit time for doing it, and put them together on one laige in the March nuinhor. Such recipes shonhrhe concise and practical. 1 have often heen perplexed to find the recipe 1 have wanted, not rcinemhering where to look for it. If a col- lection were thus thrown together, ihey could be turned to instantly at any lime. I'erhaps it may he thought that one making such a sug- gestion would furnish somelhing himself but as 1 have never heen initiated into the society ol honorahle idler.s, I have more to attend to than I find time to do on my osvn farm. 11 some gentleman idler, however, as tiieiitioned in the "well'lh nuniher of last volume id" ihc Visitor, would make such a coUeclion, and forward it to the Editor, it might materially assist liiin, and e divested of its liaiU as soon as possible so as to give a fnll exposine of llie newly foitnetl cainhitim to the influence of the son niid the al- niostpheiH. When this i5 done, ihc! cainl)intn or gap-wood acf|uires a firmness which will enalile it to last, even if exposed to the weather (or years. Indeed, in point of firnmr'ss, it will not fail much if any liehind the henrt-wond of the same tree. We know of no [impose for which tiitdjer can lie applied liy the fanner, lor which we can offer any ohjcclinn to its liHinjrcnt in this month, if it seasons with the Imrl! off. There is one consideration in onr niiiiil, which gives winter a preference for choppini.'. That is, that it is a season when the farmer is more released from other lahors, and hence, in oim' clitnaie, it is a season which seems admiruhly set apart liir the operation. J?nt chop when yon h ill t(:)r tindier, strip the hark as soon as possihie if you wonhl arrest the progress of decay. Another consideration to he attended to, to fa- cilitate reproihiction, is to cut (dose to the f;ronnd, and economy in tiniher also indicates the same thing. Yours truly, WM. BACON. Mount Osceola, Jan. 10, 1846. The Potato Sickness. Correspondence between J\lr. 1'eter, British Consul at Philadelphia, and Mr. Govven, q/'.1/oi(ii( Airy, on the subject of the Potato Pot. MR. gowen's reply. Mount Airy, Pa., mh Dec. 184,5. Mv Dear Sir: — Your note on' the suhject of "the Potato Kot," dated Saturday, did not reach me at IMount Airy, Sunday intcrvcnin;.', till this morning, .Monday. It woidd <;ive me pleasure to oblige yon fully iti this matter, did lime permit to go more into detail ; hut the hi ief space allot- ted for n reply will compel mc to ho as concise as possihie. 1 hold that atmospheric influence is the sole rnnse of the late pervading Kot in the Potato; thai neither manures nor eondiiion of soils could have produced the calamity ; ihiit animalcula; :ujil ■fungi are as retnote from it — the latter may in a partial maimer injure a potato plant, as they woidd, under peculiar circumstances, he likely to injure other plants ; that the Rot is not epideiuic; am! have reason to hclicve that soimd oy pnrtial- l;i sound potatoes, taken from a diseasi'd crop or heap, will, if planted, produce heahhy, sonrjd potatoes, in the absence of the cause which in- jured them the previous season. 1 would therel'ore encourage the farmers to cid- livate their potatoes as forjuerly, i-hoosiug the soils atul applying the manures which hiiherto were foiuid best adapted to Ihcur culliue : forget- ting or overlookitig the Rot ahogelhcr, .'nnl dis- regarding the nostrums rccounneudcd lor its pre- ventiiui ; the potato won't hear duciorjug. The weather which proiliiccs Rut is either a eovere, C(Uilitiuous drought of some weeks' staml- ing, thereby preveuliiig th(! natural growth and maturity of the potato, for the want of inoi.itnre, or very hot weather, bring the potato to a prema- ture rificiiess, sin-ccciled by wet, sultry weather, inuiiiturally .?/>n'ng-/i/iY, which provoki's the tubers lo perform tin; functions of seed, thereby dissolv- ing the romieclion betuecn them and their vims; the vines die; the rooi.s underi-o an incipient fermentation preparatory to decomposilicui : the operation of budiliug or growing is checkcil by the natural aiUuiiuial temperature that at leuglli prevails, whiidi arrests the peilato ill its work of producing, and hence its ileleiioralioii. Tlielal- ter condition of the wenllier is the prevailing cause of the Rot. As to a severe and couilnuous droui:hl,iny ow n expcrieiicre points to that of Irtts. Tliat neason 1 had a five-acre patch in wiih potatoes, which did not pay for the trouhlit of taking tle'in out of the ground. They were small, ill-shapiMl, bad- tasted, poisonous, spotted and black-hearted, and rolled in cellar. Poiaioes that sc'iison sold as high as $\.'ir> and i^L.TO per bushel— not a hush- el of good potatoes at market except those ini- ))orterl. Then as to dry, hot weather, succeedeil by wet, close, over siiring-likc temperature, the season of 1843 is in point. 1 took more than common pains tlnit year to inodnce n surpassing vield, efpiiil at least to my famous crop of the jireceding year, which was over 440 bushels lo the acre — lielil culture. iMy seed was in part from those fine potatoes, and in part from some very large, KiMind potatoes itnported from the State of Maine. On taking out the crop in Oc- tober, the whole was fonnil to be very badly di- seased. The weather from the latter part of June till the beginning of September was mainly hot, occasionally very hot, and ur year old steers start off at hill gallop with a load of GOOO lbs. at the caitle shows in New England, and then turn round and back Ihe load on level ground with perfect ease. This, however, is n large load for such young animals, and great care should be used lest they ,':houl(l strain themselves in their ambitious etfoits to move it. These o.x- en will plough an acre of ground as quick as u pair of horses ; indeed, they oftener heat than get beaten nt the ploughing matches. We great- ly admire such animals, and alway.s kept them on our fai;m for work instead of horses. We found them more servieable in the generality of farm work, while their ge.iring and food did not cost near ns much as those of horses; and then if any accident happened to them they could be killed for beef, as we always ke|it them in good ord<;r. If an accident happens lo a horse he is a de.ul loss, save bis shoes and hide. We do wish, hoys, you could persuade your fathers to he more careful in their selections of hulls and cows to breed from. The beautiful pure Devons can be had at ijiiite reasonable pri- ces now. But you will ii^{\ them at least, we hope, when you get lo be grown men. Let the eye once get accustomed to the beauty and good points of this choice breed of callle, and you would never forget them. How we wish your schoolmasters were able lo instruct in such things. W'e would engage to teach you more in a few hours' conversation, with .•-oiiie good live aniinalii before us to illustrate it, than you could learn from books or by yourselves in half a life. Thus taught, you could not be imposed upon by those miserable cheating pedlers, with their grade animals, which they are continually palm- ing off u|ion an ignorant public at low [irices for thorough breed.*. — Am. Ag., Baltimore. General Rules for Ploughing. The depth of ploughing, the width'of the fiir- row-slice, the nnmiier of ploiighiiiL's which should be given to land, and the season at which it should be executed, depend on such a variety of circinnstances, ihat it would be ilillicult to pre- scribe' any univer.sal rules. The objictsof ploughing are, to loosen tlic soil and to render it ]ieiiiie.ihle to tlie roots of plants, that they may eMeiid llienisclves for noiirishiiieiit and support; m make it accessible to the air and rain, from which, according to modern iheories, it gathers hoih oxygen ami ammonia, for the food of plants ; and lastly, to give an opportunity of incorporating manures with the soil, fiir their support and growth. It has another object, of course, where greensward is turned over, wliieli is, to bury tlie'herbnge I'lin on the ground, and snhstitnle other plants. The depth of ploughing varies in ditrereni .soils, and for dilfcient purposes. The average depth may be considered as five inches, but no direc- tion on this snbjecl will be found imiversally ap- plicable. Three of the most cmineiil practical firmers wilh whom I am acqiiiiinled liere,ploii;;li lint more than three inches; but the siirliice mould, in these cas(!s is very thin, and the under stratum is a cold, elaminy chalk. One farmer, whose cnltivalion is snccessfiil, and who culti- vates "a light, poor, thin, nioory soil, with a sub- soil of cither blue or white clay, pi-at, or white gravel," carefully avoids breaking up the cold subsoil, and cuts up the sward with a breast- plough, which is a kind of paring spade : and af- t(M' burning the turf and spre.idiiig the ashes with a due application of artificial manure, consisting of equal quantities of lime, wood and turf ashes, ^l)c lavmcv's iUoutljlij llisitor^ 45 ul the rate of sixty liusliels to the acre, und sow- ing; tiiiiii|i-seeil, dillivtiles between the rows vviili a single-horse pUjii'.'h, uhicii cannot, of eoiirsc, tiiUe "a >iee|i Ihrrow. The sitoihI yrarVif the conrsc, when he sows wheat, he ploiii-'lis it very liirhtly with n liorse, alter liaviii',' tirst hreasl- proMfihcd it, so as thoro(i<;lily to cover in the ina- Miire^uhich the sheep who have liecii Ibhled up- on the hind have left npoii it. The tliird year it is hreasl-|iloiii;henf;hed for barley. The fill h and sixth years it is in j-M-ass. Thns, in the whole coinse ol a six years' rotation, this land is only plon-hed lonr times by men, and three limes with a smf;le-horse plonfih. Another hirmer in tin; same neisibbor hoocPsavstliat, upon this description ofland, any otiier than the breast-ploniih wonid not leave the gronnd snfliciently tirm for wheat. Mr. Fnsey, M. P., whose excelU-nily niaiiageil farm 1 have liad the pleasure ol" repeatcued the foregoing .system of cultivation, by which luy most sanguine expectations have been realized, though I was told that the land would he too light and too poor to plant wheat after turnips. I have never found any ill effects from paring and burning, experi- ence having taught me that it [u-oducesa manure particularly beneficial to the growth of turnips; thereby enabliuir me to firm the land by sheep." This farmer speaks of performing a great por- tion of his work with manual labor. 1 think some part of it might rather he called pedestrian than manual ; for, if he ploughs his land by meu, he treads it out by women. He says, " Before the horse-roll can be used, 1 seiul women to tread it, and if occasion require, treail it again ; after which, I have it twice hoed. 1 have found more benefit from this mode of pressing than any other, being done at a time when wheat. on this description of soil, requires assist- ance."* I have found other farmers, w ho, with their wheat crops on liglil, (dialky soils, |>louglied in a very shallow manner, and thi:n weie accustomed to tread their land wilh sheep, in oriler to give the wheat plant a firmer liioling; as, otherwise, in a very light soil, it might be thrown out by the wiiul. "These cases, however, luiisl all be deem- ed exceptions; and the general rule in I'.ngland, where the soil admits of it, and inanme is abun- dant, is that of rather deep i)longhiiig. Five or six inches is the average depth ; in many cases, much more than this. The loam, or vegetable mould, is, without question, the great source or medium of noinisliment to the plants. Be it more or less deep, it is always safe to go to the bottom of this, and, by grailnally loosening a portion of the subsoil, or lower siralnm, and incorporating it yvilh the monhl, and rendering it accessible to llie air ard light, it accpiiri'S the nauue of mould, and the whole arable snrliice is enriched. 'I'he deeper the soil, the moie deeply the loots are permitted to ilescend, and the more widely they are enabled to spreail themselves— unless they penetrate a subsiralnm unhealthy from wet or the too great prevalence of some unfiivorable mineral substance — so mm h the more luxuriant anil productive is the vegetation likely to prove. 'I'he depth to which the roots of plants will go lown in search of food or moisture, where ihe soil is ilia condition to be penetrated by them, is much greater than a superficial observation would indnce'^us to suppose. It is confidently asserted that Ihe roots of sonie plants— such, forijxample, as luceru and sainfoin— go to a depth of filieen, twenty, and even thirty feet. This seems scarce- ly credible. Red clover is known lo extend its roots to the depth of three feet, and wheat to the depth of two or ihree iee\, where the condition of ibe soil is f-ivorable to their exiension. Von Thaer, the distinguished agriculturist, says, " he has pulled carrois two ami a half feet long, the ta|)-root of which was probably another foot in length." The tap-root of a Swedish turnip has been known to extend thirty-nine inches; the roots of Indian corn fiill six feet. These state- ments may appear extraordinary ; but, by the free and loose texture of the soil, it is obvious a good husbandman will give every opportunity for the roots and their ex-ireniely fine fibres, to exieiid tliemselves as far as their instincts may prompt them. Next to the depth of ploughing, the vvidtli of the furrow-slice is lo be considered. This, of course, depends mainly upon the construction of the plough. A plough with a wide sole or base, in the hands of a skilful ploughman, may he made to cut a narrow furrow-slice ; but a nariow- soled plough cannot be made to cut a wide fur- row-slice, though it may sometimes appear to 5 reckoned at its ordinary value, the cost of making many articles of clothing would exceed that lor which they could be pur- chased at the store, is deemed asnf^cient reason lor aliandoiiiiig their production at home. In many cases, however, the time is turned lo no account, but absolutely siiuandered. But the clothing, if not made, must lie bought ; and they who might produce it must be sustained at an equal e.\[)eiise, whether they work or are idle. — Fourlh .liinual Report of the American Central Board of Education. A Farmer's Life. — " I wish I could see (he says) in all our fiu-mers a disposition lo magiiily their calling; but I have been grieved in many a tiirm-house, to listen to loinentations over what they term ilieir ' bard lot.' I have heard the residents upon a noble larm, all paid lor, talk about drudgery, and never having their work tloiie, ;u)d few or no opportunities for the chil- dren ; and I have especially been sorry to hear the females lament over the hard liite of some promising youth of seventeen or eighteen, who was admirably filling up his duties, and training himselffor extensive usefulness and influence. They have made comparison between his situa- tion, coarsely clad and working bard, and com- ing in tiitigued, with some college cousin, or young man who clerked it in a store, till at length the bov has become diss.-ilislied, and begged ofl' from his true interests and happiness. " I am conversant with no truer scenes of en- joyment than I have witnessed in American fiirm- lionses, and even log-cabiiis, where the father, under the influence of eulighteneil Christianily, and sound views of life, has gone with his family, as the world have termed it, into the woods. The land is his own, and he has every inducement lo improve it; he finds a healthy employment fur himself and fiimily, and is niiver at a loss for ma- terials to occupy his mind. I do not think the physician has more occasion for research than the farmer; the pro|ier fi)cHl of vegetables and animals will alone constitute a wide and lasting field of investigatin the hack of the new born creatun^ lie two small bits of membrane, doubled and crumpled up in a thousand puckers, like a Limerick glove in a walnut shell ; these now be- gin to unfold themselves, and gradually spread siuooth- Iv out in two large opal colored wings, which by the following morning have become clearly transparent, while the body ba.s acfjuiretl its proper hard consisteney and dark color, and \vheu placed on a tree the hajipy thing soon begins its whirring, creaking, chirruping song, whitli continues with little intermission as long as its harmless h.ippy life. — Meredith's Mw Suulk IVales. Introduction or Vkgetadlks and Fhuiis INTO England. — Sir Anthony Ashley, of Wim- bourne, St. Giles, Dorsetshire, first planted cabbages in England, and on his monument a cabbage uppear,s at his feet. To Sir Walter Kaleigh we owe the most useful of all vegetables, the potato; and lo Sir Richard Weston the iutrojuelian of clover grass tVoni f'laiulers, in l()4l. Cardinal I'ole planted figs at Lambeth in the time of llunry Vlll., which are said to be still remain- ing there. 'I'he learned l.inacrc first brought over, ou his return from the sunny regions of Italy, the queen of all flowers, the damask rose. The cherry orchards of Kent owe their e.\istence to a gardener of the bbilV moiiari'h, and in the s.ime rcisii the currant bushes were transpl.mtcd I'rom /.ante. In the earlv part of tin! seventeenth century the elder Tradcsc;int ventured on board a privateer, armed against Morocco, for ihe sole purpose of stealing apriccls hito this counlr>', and pret- ty much at ihe same period the mulberry tree appears to have been iutrodnced. The first ever planted in Knglaiid, those at Sion House, Middlesex, are still flourishing in the grounds of that venerable seat of the I'ercii'S. One of the Carews, of IJeddinglon, near Croytlon, first brought o\er oranges, and for a century after they grew luxuriantly there. — .Vn}'wu'rm ^\)C laxnufs illouti)li) lliriitor. 47 as f,'i)i)(l, anil, indeed, is just llic satue as the best nl' laiK! sugar. We gcia-rally find it hi a suiiiu- u hat iMi)nire state ; conlaiiiiiip: a |ioi-tiiiii of tlir aslriiii;eiit iiiatter id' Ihe iiia|ili', ami, oC course, dit-colured In a|i[ieaiaiicf, and nut |ini-e to llie lasif. Almost every oiiu vviio makes sngar lias some rule ol'liis own. A year or tuo a^o we re- t-eivBd some from a friend in Alt. Vernon, tluil was perlectly ciyslalized, but we liavo not yel iiscerlained llic |iroces.s liy uliieb it vvas done. — As u general tiling', lliere is loo lillle care tiikeii ill keepin}; the sap and llic kettles clean. 'J'lie sap is most commonly canj;lit in rude troil.ylis, tliat probably bave lieeii out ill ibe weatber ibir- injr several seasons; and wlien eolIecte»i'(s and Fiirinureii, tlic. Proper Food of Mim.' w liellier it sum- or not, vvbclber il be clean or not, and iroiiblu taken to clarify it. Among tbe iiiaiiy directions given fortlie man- uliiciure of ibis kind (d' sugar, we like best ibose given by iMi-. li. W.Clark of Oswego, N. Y. VVe btilieve be oblained a preuiinm for some of bis sugar. The following are the directions be gives lor ihe |,rocess : " Wlieii tbe syrup is redueed to a consistency of West India molasses, 1 set it away liH it is per- feclly cold, and then mix vvilb il ibe clarifjing Oialter, vvldcb is iiiilli or eggs, I prefer eggs to iiiilk, bc'causc vv1k',ii beal-iMi, the whole of il ciir- ille.s, whereas milk produces only a small portion of curds. The eggs should be well liealen, niid etleetiiallv niixi'd vtith thefyrup wbilet'old. Tire syrnp siimild then be Jiealed iiulil just belore it vvonld boil, when 5lie ,c*uricols.. . . Putiilet-s... . cs.. . . . il.iO lV':ic: , 9.10 1)20 . !)9G .890 . 830 . SOO (Jdnsburrics ■\|M'les Pears Bpel Root Sirau burries Cnrruls J'ilCalihnne.. . .240 ..210 .. 210 . . 200 ,..200 .. 2(JU . . 250 , . . 200 ...190 .. 170 . . ii;o ...lis ...120 ... 93 Haddock , While ot Efi MilU Wheal iSuls Peas(Ji7) Barlev Morris Beans (dry) Hicc ({read Rye Oats 712 Turnips 1-2 Almonds C50 Melons X 'rauiariiids SIO Cucumber 23 Plums 290 Anotiier element of licallb. says the Reviewer, aiul consf.'iuently of slreiigtli, is ihe l;iciljty of digestion. From Dr. Beaumont's Tables it ap- fU'.MS llial llie following articles were converted into elide, viz : digeiiled, in lUa times indicated : U. M. .1 0 .1 30 . 1 45 ..2 0 ..2 30 .,2 4.5 ..3 0 ..3 15 ..3 30 .,1 0 ..135 -.2 3 ..2 39 Frazier says — " 1 certainly blame no young la- dy, who has been accustomed to the ordinary el- egancies of life, for refusing to marry a poor man ; but must beg luy sweet friends to recollect, though a man without money is iioor, a man wilb nothing but money is poorer. Rice, Uoiled soil ,.,.. Ap[)les, sweet and ripe Sago, boiled • Tapioca, Barley, stale bread. Cabbage, willi Vine gar, raw, b.iil'ed MilU and Bread and .MilU,coid. Po"taloes. roasted, and Parsnips, boiled Baked Custard... Apple Dumpliiii,' Bread Corn, baked ; and Carrots, boiled Potatoes and Turnips, boiled; Butter and Cheese. Tripe and Pigs' I'eet Venison •• Oysters, undressed ; and Kggs, raw Turkey and Goose Eaus, solt boiled. Beef and Mutton, roasted or boiled 3 0 Boiled Pork, stewed Oysleis, Eggs hard boiled or Iried 3 30 Domestic Fowls 4 0 Wild fowls ; Pork, sailed and boiled; Suel 4 30 Veal, roasted ; Pork, and salted Beef o 30 Both tbe preceding tables are instructive, and deserving of attention. VVe have already observed (be continues) that food tnay be loo nutritive for health. Innnniera- ble instances might be adduced in support of this fact. Take one or two in regard to infeiior animals: " The dog fed by Majendie on white bread and water, died in the course ot seven weeks ; liuL another led by him on brown soldier's bread, (pain de inunllion) did not suffer. When dogs were led on sugar and water, lljey died in a month ; but if a considerable portion ofsaw-dusl be mi.^ed with Ihe suaar, their heaUh will not be afTecled by it.allhough Ihey are naturally carnivrrous animals. — It was also shown that an ass led on rice died in filteen days ; but if a large (|uanluy ol chopped straw hail been mixed with the rice, he would have continued to live and be well. ' Horses ted exclusively on meal or grain, will die ill a short time ; but mix their meal or gram with a suitable proportion of tut sliaw or wood shavings and they will thrive and liccoinc fat. And it is an interesting fact, that if horses be led on grain alone, with tbe excep- tion of water, for a number oi' d.iys, they will instinctive- Iv gnaw the boards, or wlialever woody substance is with- in their leach.' ■' We cannot close ibis article better, made tip I as it is of extracts, tlian by copying the following rules about diet, eating, fi-c. Dr. Beanmont of the U. S. Army, gives the following inqiorlaut rules: 1. Bulk. or. loodpossfs.singa due proportion of innutn- cioua matter, is best calculated to preserve the pernia- nenent welfare of the organs of digestion, and the general health of the system. 2. The food should be plainly and simply prepared, with no other seasoning than a lillle salt, or occasioually a very little vinegar. 3. Full and deliberate mastication, or chewing, is ol great importance. 1. Swallowing the food slovvly, or in small quantities, and at short intervals, is very necessary. 5. A quantity not exceeding the real wants of economy is of prime importance to health. Ij. Solid aliment, thoroughly masticated, is lar more sa- lutary than soups, broth. .Vc. 7. Fat meal, butter, and oily substances of every kind are difficult of digestion, offensive to the stomach, and tend to derange that organ and induce d'seasg. 8. Spices, pepper, stimulating ami heating condiments of every kind, retard digestion anti injure the stomac!^'. 9. Coll'ee and lea debilitate tlie Bloniacli, and impairHi.- gcstion. I'l.OUOHING NEAR THE Salerno. — The fields' being without li^nces, have nu open look; and ibe mingling of men and women together in llieir cnltivalion, gives tbein a cbeipicred appearance, and renders llieni very picturesque, lu the mid- illo of !i large green wheat field would be a group of men and women wcetling the grain ; the red pelticoala and the blue spencers of the latter con- Irasting beautifully with the color of the fields. In one plot of ground I s;ivv a team and a mode of plougliiiig (piile imiqiie, yet withal very sim- ple. Tbe earth was soft, as if already broken up, and needed only a lillle mellowing: to effect ibis, a man bad harnessed bis wife lo a plough, w liicli she dragged to and fro wiib all the patience of tin ox, be in the mean lime bolding it bebind, as il' he bad been accustomed to drive, and she to go. She, with a strap around her breast, lean- ing gently forward, and lie bowed over the plough behind, presented a most curious picture in the middle of a field. The plough here is a very simple instrument, having but one handle, and no share, but in its place a pointed piece of wood, sometimes shod with iron, |)rojecling forward like a spear; and whicb merely passes ibrongb the uroutid like a sharp-poinled stick, wilbout turn- ing a sinooib furrow like our own. — Letters from liabj. Effi-cts of Crossing on thf, Constitd- xioN. — Those cliisses of Ibe human race which preserve their blood free from mixture with stran- gers, while lliey have less variety in external ap- pearance, ant:ious, systematic fanner will avail himself of llie opportiiuily affonle.l by the leisuiv. of winter, to plan o|ii;ralioMS to hi; carried out the coirjiiit.' season. In this prar- licc lies the the secret oC iiiaiiy a fanner's thrill, us well as many a farmer's jid-thrift. The ilevi.sin^' anil perfectinj; of plans before attempting unilertaUin^'s, is as important ami as useful to the farmer in his bni.-'nes.'i, as to the military chieftain in his, and is as sure to con- duce to the success anil fame of the lormer as the latter. The characterivics winch made Wa»hinf;ton a ureal General, made him also, a cood farmer.— anil foremost of thetse were ener- gy and forethought— the head to plan, and the nini to Bxecule. ,11 Plans for improvements on the farm slioum not oidy be devised in a reason of leisure hut comnntted to paper-considered, reoonside.ed, and placed in the order of lime at which ihey will have to be e.\ecuted. This practice, if universally adopted, wonhl tend to the accomplishment of many impruve- menis which from year to year are nnatlempied, merely for the want of forethou-hi.— .V. E. tar- mer. Orchard Caterpillars. — These plagues, that have of late years become so nnnierous and destructive by loftiation, in our .section, can now be destroyed easily, when pruning' is },'oin^' on, scions ciutin;.', &c. The eg'.'S are now seen on the liirihs of the trees, deposited in rings aiound them. The riuijs are of a brownish grey color, from a quarter ^o half an inch long, and each ccintains -^00 to 400 eggs. Suppose a tree to conluin 20 of these rings (and some have more,) there tire 8,000 caterpillars, with ravenous appe- tites ready to devour the foliage of your trees as soon !is it makes its appearance. Go to work now, and look sharply for these t^^-i pick them from the limbs and destroy lUt:iii.—Oeiuaee Far. clean, they will soon learn to waste large quan- tities.' IJiit if sheep are over-fed with either hay CM- grain, it is iiol proper to compel them hy starv- ation to coirie hack and eat it. They will not un- less sorely pinched. Clean out the troughs— or rake up the hay, and the next lime fteJ a tilile Itss. — yalley Farmer. ForUie Fanner's Monthly Viiilur. Meteorological observations at Concord, BY A. CIIANDL.ER. 181G. Thertn'r. Barociiclcfr | Wind A. M. \ Wind P. M. scin- 1 '2 s uii-1 2 Direc-I r ,-.. '>"■'='=- 1 force. rise. Ip.M. rise. IP.M.I Imn. ' Scin. 1 1 Mnn. 2 H 1 Xl 29.88 29.88 1 _ 0 N.E. 3 3 Tues. 3 Wed. 4 16 32 38 34 .70 .S'.l .55 .60 N. W. 3 N. W. Thu. 5 as 40 .32 .40 S. W. 1 Frid. ti 211 34 .tio .04 S. E. 19 3« .,S:i .34 30 l.'j 28.9S 29.2!) N. W. 4 N. W. Mun. 9 — 4 14 29.45,29.48 — 0 'I'uea. 10 14 .tii; .BSIN. W. 1 Wed. 11 6 IR .C3 .59'N. E. 2 N. E. Tliu. 12 8 lli .49 .56i N. 2 Frid. 13 8 22 .5li .51; N. 3 Eat. 14 12 24 .00 .04 N. 9 8un. 15 13 12 .30 .M N.E. 3 N. E. Mod. 16 It 32 29.46 29 .W — 0 — Tues. 17 7 33 .57 .30 — 0 — Wed. IB 12 at .71: .781 N. 2 2 Thci. 10 — lli 25 .81 .75 — U N. W. 2 Frid. 20 13 a.') .5.1 .29 N. B. 3 SnI. 'Jl l.i 35 2S.9. .05' N. W. N. VV. 2 Run. 'H G 38 a9.3r .26 — 0 — Mon. 'i3 Vl 2».3i 29.40 N. W. N. W. Tcies. -M 5 ar. .47 .54 N. W. . a W. ■} Wed. 35 '.a .7; .7;i N. W. 3 Thii. '-'1 —1 e .70 .V2 x.w. 3 .\. w. •*, Fred. i!7 —4 8 .81 .81 a.w. * N. W. ■■^ Sat. as' 7 ' 18 .75 .OS N. 1 N. 1 1 I'aoGRESS OF I.NVE.NTiON.- A distinguished firmer of Knglaiid, has invented what he terms a ho-^'s /iea(/;)/oitg-/t— designed fortuniing out po- taloes that are planted in drills, without hurting them. It resembles a ling's snnut attached to the front part ofa |)loiigh s\ithout a coulter, hy which the potatoes are raised and turned out of their bed. This may be called copying nature— for in this way swine turn out the crop. "Fever and Ague."— Mr. Rowe, in one of his letters to the Belfast Journal, written from Wisconsin, gives the following very excellent account of the " sen- sations " experienced hy a person under the operation of this epideniic : A person trouhled with it will get up in the niorning and feel as well as he ever did, and perhaps in an hour after, in the hottest days of suninier, will begin to giow cold, his skin will assume a yellowish pale color iiii.\ed up with bine, his blood will settle under his finger nails, like that of a dying person, and in ten minutes he will tremble and shake so with cold that if his boots do not fit him particularly well, he will be very apt to shake out of them. Should he try to warm himself by the fire he finds that the more wood there is piled on, the colder he grows. He finally becomes sick at the stom- ach, and obliged to go to bed, where he is at it wi-re, surrounded with ice for about an hour. Then the chills gradually leave him, the trembling ceases and warmth hy degrees prevades ihe body. But instead of stop- ping when the limbs assumed their natural heat, it con- tinues to increase until the blood almost boils in the veins; the brain throbs as if it would burst; the sick headache comes on; the pulse is rapid and irregular, and the eyes roll so in the head that you would think the person could not live half an hour. But he is far from being at the point of death. The fever continues about an hour, and then leaves him a good deal weak- end, but as well as ever. I have known persons whom, to look at, you would have said, had they appeared so in New England, to be in a tit of severe sickness, and would not leave their beds for months, if ever,^ in half an hour after get up and go toa ball, — and a " Sucker" [Illinois] ball at that, where one who cannot dance from 3 o'clock, 1'. M., until the next morning at break- fast, is considered nobody at all. BltlGIITOX MARKET— MoM>»T, Mar. 23, 1846. ll!i|..irlcd fi.r tic- Daily Adveniser &. Patriul.l Al MarliLl. 480 lieef C:iiUc.,.iO pair.-i Working Oien. 30 Cows and Calves, 700 I>hee|), and 1140 Swine. Prices.— £tfbl.l, 14,00 No, 1 Shad, \iHiM, 12,00 Ton's i; Sounds, 1l> bid, 6,00 H,n.Fins,fHcbl, 9,00 FLOUR, Genesee, 6,25 Fancy brand, 7,00 Ohio, Akron, 7,50 Spauldiiig, extra, 7,50 I, H Ucarh, 7,50 FRIj'lT. Figs, 14 Raisins, bicce mark, 7,50 Black mark, 6,50 Box, bunch, 2,50 FUSTICK,Cuba,0> ton, 30,00 Tauipico, 22,00 (;roillid, Ir^ liund 1,75 GLUE, Russian best, 17 A inerican , II GRAIN. Oats, 50 cents 1|> bu i:orn, S7?, dodo bu Rye, B7.t dodobil Bc-ans, 75 W 1,75 Peas, 50® 75 GRINDSTONES, 1st qual- ity, linished,|.> hand. 2,25 Do. ilo. unliuished 1,50 IIERUING,V^ box. No. I,.. 50 Scaled, 75 INDIGO, Bengal, .l,10rii) 1,75 Spanish noat,. . . 1,00 (ffl l,.iO Manilla 75'(<)1,25 IRON, Old tsable, 5 English, 4 Bank?, relined, 44 English, sheet, 6 Russia, do K«13 Old Sable nail rods, 53 Norwegian clo •' Common d 4,\ English hoop, 5 Anieriean do 4 Shoe Shapes, Am 43 Swedes, shew shapes, 4^ LEATHER. New Vork Sole Leather, Light, 14 W 16 Do. Ileavy^ 12iioniin- go, ii>toi cn,oo Cainpeachy, 27,00 Ground. 1'^ hunci 1,75 MACKEUEL, No. I, ^ bill 11,0" No. 2 7,00 No. 3 5,00 MOLASSES, llnvnnn 25 Surinam, 85 Trinidad, 90 Porto Rico, 32 Sugar House! 50 NAILS. Boston Iron Co'n brand, ■'1 old Colony dc 41 Wevmoulh Iron Co 4J Maiden, •• PLASTER, D* Ion, 6,"0 Do. grcmnd, 10,00 PROVISIONS. Pork Ex- tra clear ll> bbl, 16,110 Common dc 14.00 Extra Mess, 12,o0 Ccunmon di 10,00 Butter, ((>• It,, 10* 14 Cheese, new milch,.. .7 r^ 3 Four meal, 5 Cci 6 Dried ap|ile, best, 4i'cr5 Lard, iiorlherii 10 Do. southern, 9 TurkeysiL Chickens, best,S Goslins, best 4 Rccund Hogs V^fo'^ REDWOOD, ground, b» hund 2,75 Nicaragua, (i* ton, 35,00 RICE, ^ liund. best, 4,50 nOSlN, l» bbl ^50 S.M,.ERA't'US,lir»tquaIilv,4 SALT, St. Ubes, ^ lihd. 3,.'>) Cadi/., 3,50 Bonaires, 4,00 Turks Island 4,00 Liverpool, 3,50 Do. tine, VVortliingston brand, t* bag, 2,00 Do, other brands, 1,75 SALTPETRE, crude, 8 Do, refined, 9 SEED, Clover, northern, ,12J Do. southern, lo Herds grass, t> bu 2,25 SHEETl.NGS, prime t*yd ..Si SHINGLES, fiist qualily. No, I, pine, I* ,M 3,00 do, do. clo. spcace, 2,00 SHIRTINGS, l(» yard, 6i, SHOT, assorted, 5j SHOVELS, east steel, |i> doz 10,00 Steel pointed do 9,00 Iron do, best, 8,00 Do, cculiuion 6,,50 SOAP, Castile 10 tVliite Soap, best, 8 Brown, No. 1, 4 Family, 5 Extra 6 SPICES. Cassia, in mats, 9,1 Do. ground, 25 Cloves, 33 Ginger, pure, B Mace, If lb, 1,00 Niitii'egs, best, 1,50 Pimento, whole II Do. ground 10 Pepper, whole, 11 D... ground, 12 STEEL, Swedes, bent 7i Sanderson, llrulliers & Co, cast sle.d, 18 jessop&Sun, do 17 German, nest, I9| Do, comniiHl, 10 t^oach spring, best. 9.i SU<:AH,S, r.i'own llava- na. very best, 10 Do, (ic», prime, 9 Do, do, fair 8 Double relin, Easl B. loaf,l21 11,1. dn, crushed I'l'i Pck, do, powdered 13 Coliimcui loaf, J I Porto Rico, besi Sj Pccritied Muscovado do , , ,dj TAR, l» bbl 3,00 i'E.XS, Guii[Huvder, best cpialily, {i' Ik, 75 Imperial, do SO Hyson, do 60 Hyson Skin, do 30 Voiiug llvson, common, .:tS Do. do. fair 40 Do. do. good, 45 Do. do. best 55 TOBACCO, common krg,..U Good do 10 Common box, ,......* Good do I'H Honey Dew, do. best, . . . |S CnTendi«h 25 lit 371 Jfarm^rs Jlcmtljlg Msit^u CONDUCTED BY ISAAC MILL. " Those who LaBOR is the earth are the chosen I'EUPLE of Gi>D, WHO^E nilBASTS he has made his I'ECtJLIAR DEPOSIT E FOR SUBSTANTIAL AND GENUINE VIRTUE." — JeffcrsOTi. VOL. 8. NO 4. CONCORD, N. H., APRIL 30, 1846. WHOLE NO. 88. TEIK F.VR.UER'K 3tO>THL.Y VISITOil, ^^'Kl,I^Hl:l) BV ISAAC HILL, & SONS, ISfJUFD ON TMF, LAST UAY OK FVEKY MONTH, At Athenian Uuilding. {^Oencbai. Ahents.— If. A. Rill, Krrnc, N H. ; John I\1ap9H, Washington tr'L Hoslon, Mais.; Charles ^VAKBE^■, Itriiilry How, Woici-'stcr. Mass. TKRHIS.— To sinsle sub:!friliprt;, Fipy Ccnt^. Trn p.-r mil. will be nllowt-d to the person wlio shall si-iid inure ihnn ont* subscriber. Twelve copii-s will he scut fur the advance \\^\mv:uX of Fivr. Doliars; iwclily -five c<»pics Tur T^n DoUars; sixty copies for Tvottij Dollars. The payment in every case to lie made in advance. t^-Mo»nj andsab.'icrijft.iuii.-'', by a rdf^nl'itioJi of the Pout Master Ovneraljinaij in all cases be remitted by the Post Master., frceoj pn.siu^t, 5::5"-^" gentlemen who liave herelolbrc acted as Agents aie re()nestpd to continue their As^ncy. Olt! siPiscribers wlio come under ilie new tt-nns, will please notify us of the names already on our books. SJsy CONCORD, N. H., APRIL 30, 1846. All Address to Farmers. We have lieeii pitseiited v\iili a paiiiphlet with lliis title, priiitecl at Sulcm, ftls. in 1791), upon course paper, (•oiitaiiiing sixly-four duoileciino pages, every pa^e of wliieli contains some gooil snirgcstion lor ilie use of the practical fanner. — We will e.\tr.ict from this pamiililct lor the pr(!s- ent iimnbcr of the Visitor Com' of these essays', VIZ : " The character oj Ike complete Farmer" " 7'he profits of a JVursery" " TIte adimnlages of an Orcharil," and " The management of Cider." Fifty years ago orchards were principally valued for the cider extracted from ap|ile.s, which was then deemed indispen.^able to every fanner's tahle. Cider, as a common drinU, has been gen- erally discarded, as well as rum. But so valuable have become fine fruit orchards, that single acres of them in some neighborhoods are esti- mated as high as a tbon.-and dollars. No won- der for this, when we titul New England apples not only in general ni^e in all the cities of the South, but the best of Newton Pippins retailing ill London at twenty cents a piece ! A common price of Baldwin apples at Washington cily last winter was two and three cents and two dollars per bushel. The truth is, the demand for fine New England fruit ap|)les will always he greater than the supply. Farmers cannot too soon make preparations for orchards of choice frnil.*^. Bear- ing orchards may be produced from the seeds in ten years. Every farmer should have his lot for an orchard well protected from cattle depreda- tions, with the trees well nursed: while the trees are growing the land may be profitably culrivated — even after the orchard bears, the land may be made to hear oilier products. — Ed. Vis. Opinions of a Practical Farmer f fly years ago. THE CHARACTER OK A COMPLETE FARMER, A com|ilete farnifr is a most rarelul, industrious Olid frugal, as well as reputable and useful man : and unless carefiilne.ss, industry and economy are nulled in the clKirarler, it will lie an imperlect one. Although a farmer cannot live without la- bor, by labor alone he never can grow rich and reputable. Much deperuls upon his l;i\iiigonl and prrlbrmiug cerrain kinds of labor in the times and si/asous when Ihcy ought to be pcr- foruied. If he will not cart out his sinnmcr dimg nor lilough tin .'ence be- stowed upon it, from 1700 to 179.'), does not ex- ceed, in my opinion, the sum of forty pounds. — And this year, trees have been taken from it, atui solil, to that amount: and bad there been enough of a suitable age and growth, for transplanting, oiie hiMidred pounds worth might have been dis- posed of Not to mention the great number of trees taken out of tliis nursery, to supply the proprietor's own gardens, and those pieseuicd to ids friends, it now contains more than t\vo thous- and of button wood trees, five years from the seeds, and from seedlings brought from the town of Boylston, one thousand of which are more than seven feet high and which are to be re- moved next spring, to a suitable situation, for the purpose of a woodlot for the use of bis firm. Including these, there are now in this nursery about fourteen thousand trees ; many of them are small, and have not been iiuioculated. 1 esti- mated them on an average, at six pence: and at this low price the value of them will be THREE HUNDRED and FIFTY POUNDS, the nett pro- ceeds, on profits of one acn; ami one qu:'.rter of land iuiprovpd in this way. For, the trees which liavc been taken up and dislrihuted on the farm, with those which have been given away, woulil more than pay the rent of tlie land, and the ex- pense of fencing it. Anil it ought to be observed, that a very considerable portion of the labor be- stowed on this nursery, might have been per- formed at times when little else could have been done." Mere we see the exertions and rewards of in- dustry in the culliv.-ition of a nursery. Ami one woidd think that this example woidvill give those who engage in the business, two chances at h'ast out ol' tlin-e in favor of a ready market for their productions of this kind. And besides, old orchards are mouldering away ; new fiirinsure rapidly increas- ing ; and acountiy without bounds is daily solicit- ing a supply liom the nursery. When nurseries wenMuimerous; when orchards, now decajed and past bearing, were in their full strength and vigor; and when money was very scarce — even then — forty years ago, appleirees from the nur- sery would tfilcli eight pence each; and there is no great probability that they will ever be much cheaper in this State. THE ADVANTAGES OK AN OncllARn. When we survey the country around us, of which our industrious Ancestors look possession about one century and an half ago, we see the ruins of many once beautiful and fiourisliing or- chards: and we are surprised that their descen- dants have endeavored no more to counteract those ravaizes of time, by repl.acing the labors of their hands. To excuse this negligence it has been observed, that joniig orcharils will not suc- ceed on those lands liom which old ones have been removed; though peartrees h ill, and last for more than one generation. Hut if this obser- vation be just, and it is more thiin probable that it may be, lor large trees must impoverish the ground on which they grow, there is scarcely any considerable firm on which some new situation may not be found on wliich to place an orchard. Any southeast prospect, or an hill dripping towards the south, which is a most excellent sit- uation, or even the sides of roails and fences around pastures and mowing lands, will answer very well. Trees thus placed will yield a great plenty of fruit ; increase the grass ; afford a com- fortable shelter for cattle, and he highly ornamen- tal. It would be judicious to inopagate a large proportion of sweet apples : as lliey afiiii d a rich repast for the table of the fiuiner ; are equal in value to any other apples fur cider; and will al- most fatten sheep and swine. One would im- agine, that the profits and pleasures arising from an orchard, would stimulate the farmer to prop- agate the appletree; but in nothing, perhaps, has the present generation been more deficient. — Many farms on which scarcely an apple is now to be seen, abounded with those of the first qual- ity filiy years ago. Cider was then so plenty that it would not fetch more than two or three shillings, at the press, per barrel; nor more than five or six in the market. In that jiart of the country in which the writer then lived, about a dozen miles from Boston, apples, pears, plumbs, cherries and peaches were exceeding plenty. — Hoys were seldom or never known to rob fruit trees of any kind : and the poor had only to ask and gather what they wanted. 1 know of no tree in this country which iiroduces a greater variety of fruit ; scarcely any two, unless gialied, or in- nociilaied, being the same taste and flavor, which can be used in a greater variety of way, and pre- served for a longer space of time, than that which I am reconnnending. In bloom the appletree makes a most heantiliil appearance, and the fruit of it, even in its crude state, all'ords an agree- able tart. Although it is said liy natiiralisls, that the crab is the poorest of all apples, they ditier in many essential respects from each otiier. — Some arc ripe in July, and hiiilily agreeable to the palate : others are niaiure in August, and in September; anil so on, in succession, 'till late in October, when all come to perfection, and there is the greatest variety and abundance. While some are most excellent for pies, and others for sauce, a greater proportion are fur eating ; and may bo preserved through the winter, with no other expellee than barrelling, or boxing them up: and all of them may be converted into a very wholesome, vinous liipior, which will keep through the wliide of the year. Hut some have ol|]oit a repii- taliie iiiiil {i;oo(l cliiir.u!t(M-. 15iir, tiiat ;;uo(l cvdiM- ii):iy 111' iiinie oomiiioii, and lliat liioso liiiiiiers wlio liavo orclKirds iii.iy lie lieiiclilcd l)y lliis piil)- licaliiiri, li't llicin iittL'iid to the lullowintr diri'c- tioiis, coninuiiiicMted l)y a i'es|i(.'i'.lalile Ceiitlo- iiiai) : and who, lor a luindii'r of past ji'ars Ijas e.\|ierionced the utility of ihiiii. •• Let the liirriicr, vviio wi.'ihes to have the clear- est, sweetest and hest of'eyder, see thai his apples are fully ripe, and perli'olly somid htfore they lire frroiind. And two or three days id'ter the cy- der has lieeii well Miadi; in the cciiiimiuii way, and hefore it liegins to rennciit, let liitii taiie out the liead o(° a cask which will contain one hiMidred f;:dlons, and set it npri;;lit, wiili a liineet or ping placed in it near the hotloni. Tlieii let him empty his harrels into it, and gralo one qnarter ot' a pound of chalk into the li(pior: let it he stirred willi a stick, liie end oC which has heeii hroomed, until it hciiins to Cerinent. Tlien let it stand for two, or three days, accordin;; as tlie uealher may he, wlien all the potnace will^^rise and float on ilie top of the liqnor. Then let it he ilrawe*"'' «:"« '•<>"- """"""<='' ''.V iUo. eap^,,, „ of auob <:« '>'^,'. death of both commanders, Wolfe and Mont- calm. In 1700, the province of New Hampshire again raised a regiment of 800 men under the com- mainl of Col. John (JolTe. This regiment cut a road directly from No. 4 to Crown-Point, Thai year Montreal and all Canada capinihited to the Knglish. Fniin tllc Vir{;inui Uazcttc. .Veto York, Mimh 3, 17C0.— By a letter from Alliany «e are informed, that as Major Rogers lately was going from 'I"icondeini:a to Crown- Puint, with about sixieen or twenty sleighs laden with provisions, &e., they « ere way-laid by about 150 French and Indians, who, upon tin; main body of Roger's parly coming up, fired upon thun, killed tiree, and took nine prisoners; but, 1 ap- pily lor the Majop-, he, with another sleigh, 1 ad but just passed when the rest were diseov(!ied, and jiroeeeded (or Crown-Point, where no di ubt they arrived safe. The liindermost of the slei;.hs, observing the others attackefl, imineilialely tinned back and brought this account to Ticondcroga. JYcw York, May '60, 17(j0. — Report ot' prisoners from Montreal. — "Major Rof;ers has Mirpiised and burnt a small village called St. Tcreca, be- tween Si. Jean and Cliambli, and broughi off' 34 or 35 men prisoners: be neither hurt woman or child, but made them take their bedding and go off", before he set fire to their houses, &e." jYew York, Jildt/ ^", 1760. — By ilie .Mliaiiy post arrived last night we have advice that the brave Major Rogers lias had another lirii.-'vu<; cnliluled and catUdliiUafii's Rf.mevibran' ccr fur the yean 173S and ilb'J. Ciiinc, listftn awhile, and I'll licklc your ears, With a fri' hltlo Victories^ which, lil.i^pears^ j \\'e have gained from the French in two little years, Wtiich nob' dy can deny. We have beat Ihcm.my bny» J and I'll hold ynu a pound We shall bent Iheni. my boys, upon sea ordry ground } We shall beat them as lonijas the world goes round, Which nf.bnt what has hitherto appeared so unlikely to h;ippen. At the last aeeoiinls, Victoria and .Albert were liiMnialing on Indian meal cakes wliich they pronounced " perleetly ik'licions," and while the poor of the realm were niixiiii.' it with llieir " heat and oatmeal, the no- bililv anil gentry had introduced the fasliion in their own circle of using cakes componnded in various ways, the basis lieiiig Indian meal. il the ICii'dish cooks understand the manage- jneut of tliis"article, ihey have iii reality added a new luxury to their tallies; for in truth there are very few I'hiogs better, (10 *ay nolbmg ot a thor- oiighly baked warm brown li.'if.) 'Ii:m the various forin.s"in which Indian meal m.:.«' '* served up; although every thing de|ieiids uiion ,'l>e skill with which ihe'proeesi! is maiiageil. ^ Sir Robert Peel stall lislieil in n Iiili; nntnhor of the Visitor, written li:ilt" a fuinihcd vc.ir.s ago, on thi; various njuihoily ol' |>r<'|iariii!; Inilian corn lor Tooil. has atlrartcil the favorahle attcniioji anil nolii-i: of olheri> than oorselvcs. Indian rorn is vi;ry easily raised in the South: tlie hominy as prepared in the Southern Slates is !i most hisrions artic-le^the rorn cakes coni- niori on the Sontlicrn tahli^s are also very palata- ble; lint the preparations ol' corn feeding there ari! dcridedly inferior to the preparations com- mon in New Kngland in old liiries, so well de- scribed in the essay of Count Ilnmford. The most palatable article we now eat dminj; the day is llie brealifast preparation of warm Indian corn cakes and hotter: we throw aside the best liiead made from Genesee wheat flour when these come before ns. The meal made from the yellow corn of New England we much prefer to that made frars fonml him ma- king money sutricient to appropriate a surplu.sin the laril business, which he siill keeps np in South Boston. Attracted lo his home in New Hamp- shire most probably by notices of the value of our mountaii: lands nearly seven years ago, be com- menced operations in Groton, Grafton county, upon a tract of land then an almost entire fiirest, two miles south of B.die or assent to, what to some appeared rigor against those who disap- proved of, and even oppo.-^ed, the proceedings of the new government. When the dissent of his friends or others from the measures he was pur- suing appeared to him to proceed from an honest intention and erroneous judgment, he ever en- deavored to induce gentleness of treatment to- ward them, and he did not suffer the difference of poliiical opinions to interrupt a cordial friend- ship with those of his former connections and li-iends. When the revolution had progressed, and the courts of law were again organized. President Weare was placed at the head of the judicial department. In both offices, as first ex- ecutive and chief justice, he continued until 1784, when a constitution ami form of govern- ment lor New Hampshire was established ; and agreeably to the provisions of it. President Weare, by the nniveisal suffrage of the people, was elected chief executive magistrate, by the style of His Excellenry the Presidtnt of the Stale. Not a candidate was suggested in competition vvitli him. Every one conceded that this highest honor and mark of confidence «liicli the stale could bestow was due to him for his long, his able and patriotic services. Having continued in office one year, he declined another election, on account of his great age and increasing bodily irialadies. And after a lingering confinement through the succeeding winter, before he had been one year retired tiom public life, he expir- ed, in a peaceful resignation to the divine will, and with the blesseil hope of resiing fiiini his labors, and of entering into the joys of his Lord. He died January 15, 1786, aged 72 years and 7 months." English Farming Two Centuries Ago. We have in another place alluded to the curi oils ancient book on Agriculliire found among the eiTects of the late President Weare, printed in the year 1631. If we had the black letter types we would present extracts from this book as they appeared originally: if we cannot give the black letter, we will |)rcserve the orthography and pointing as they stand in the book. It opens in the shape of a dialogue between Riga and Cono, the last of whoin seems to be of the no- bility, or some learned profession who gives his reason for the preference of retirement to the country and a rural occupation to the turmoils and enjoyments of the city. What was good sense two hundred years ago is good sense now. The style of the ancient farmer is quaint and cxc(!edingly plain and definite: nevertheless we c;innot see how much the modern scholar could improve it. Wo preserve the ancient spelling, capitals and punctuation : — The l\rst liooke of Husbandry : Entreating of Jiarable-ground, Tillage, and Pasture. RIGO. CONO. Kioo. — Maister Cono. I am glad I have found you in the midst of your country plcasmrs: sure- ly you are a happie man, that shifting your selle of the turmoilcs of the Court, can picke out so ipiiet a lift', and giving over all, can secretlie lie hid in the pleasant Countries, siitliring us in the meane time to be tost with the cares and busi- nes.=:e of the common weale. Co^o. — Surely I must confesse I have taken a happie way, if these goods of the Earth would suffer me to enjoy such happincssc. KiGo. — Tell mo I beseech you, how you bestow your time, and how you are occupied all theilay; for 1 doubt not you doe as much as in you lyetli to spend the time as profitably as you may. CoiNo. — 1 will tell you, and not dissemble, if you will give me hearing: and to begin, I will use the words and verses to the Poet, though in other his writings scarce honest, yet in this speak- ing very grave and wise. First served on Jtnees the Majesty divine, .My servants next and ground 1 overloolte: To every man his laske I doe assijjne, VVtien ttiis i» done, t get me to my Ijooke. I use commonly to rise first of all my selfe, sficcially in Summer, when we loose the health- fiillest and sweetest time with slugishnesse. Aristotle uccounteth early rising the best, both for health, wealth, and study. In the winter if 1 be loath to rise, if either the unseasonablenesse of the weather, or sickncsse cause ine to keepe niy bed, I commit all to my Steward, whose faith and diligence I am sure of, whom I have so well instructed, that I may safely make him my depu- tie : I have also Euriclia my maid, so skilfull in huswiliiry, that sliee may well be my wives suf- fragan, these twaine we ajipoint to supply our places: but if the weather and time serve, 1 play the workemaster my selfe. And though I have a Baylile as skilfull as may be, yet remembering the old saying, that the best doung tin- the lield is the Masters foot, and the best provender for the horse the Masters eye, I play the observer my selfe. That it is holesome to rise early, lam perswaded both by the counsell of the most grave Philosophers, and by mine owne experience. When my servants "are all set to worke, and everie man as biisie as may be, I get me into my closet to serve God, and to reade the holy Scrip- tures: (for this order I always keepe, to appoint my selfe every day my taske, in reading some part either of the old Testament or of the new:) that done, 1 write or read such things as I thinke most needfull, ordisfiatcli whai biisinesse soever 1 have in my house, or wiih siitors abroad. A little before dinner 1 waike abroad, if it be faire, either in my garden, or in the fields; if it be foule, in my gallerie: when I come in, I find an egge, a cliicke, a peece of kid, or a peece of veale, fish, butter, and such like, as my foldes, my yarde, or my dairie and fislijioiids will yeeld : sometime a sallat, or such fruits as the garden or orchard both beare : which victuals without any charges my wife providelh me, wherewith Icon- tent my selfe as well, as if I hail the daintiest dish in Europe: 1 never lightly sit above one home at my nieate: after dinner I passe the time with talking with try wile, my serv;aits, or if 1 have any, with my ghests: 1 rise and waIke about my ground, where I view my workmen, my Pas- tures, my Meddowes, my Corne, and my Oaltell. When 1 am in the Countrie 1 goe every day, if the weather be gooil and no other great businesse, about my ground: if not every day, at the least once in two or three dayes: as often as I come to the Citie lioni the Countrie, I doe the like, to understand how my ground is husbanded, and what is done, what undone: neither do 1 ever goe about it, but some good conimeth of my travaile. In the mean while I behold the won- dertiill wisedome of Nature, and the incompre- hensible working of the most mighty tiod in his creatures, which, as Cicero truly affirmoth, is the delicalest fViod of the soiile, and the thing that maketli us come nearest unto God. Here waigh 1 vvith my selfe, the benefits and wonderfiil workes of (ioil, who bringi-th forth grasse fin- the Cat- tell, and grecne herbe for the use of man, that ho may bring food out of the earth, according to the Psalmc. For what workman is there in the world, that is able tu liaiiie or counterfeit such heavenly workes? Who could ot' a slender grns.-e make Wheat or liic-ul, :iiid of a tender tvvigge bring I'orili so notable a liipior as Wine? but onely the mi:;liiy Lord that created all things visil)le and invisible? With these sights do I recreate my minde, and give thanks tinto CJod the Creator and conserver of all things, for his great and exceed- ing t'oodnesse, I sing the song. To thee, O Lord, belunm'th praises in Sion, or, Praise thou the Lord b my soiile, &-c. beseeching (iod to ble.-se the gilts tliat he bath given us, through his boun- teous liberality, to enrich the Fiilds,aiid 10 pros- per the Corne" and the |,,(ig|i that the moon is regarded more than any ing else Another\ imanack of extensive popularity and usefulness, v,j,g ,|„t y^t give any signs of relin- quishing us |..(g,||ions to be weather-wise, hut, in addition to , i-,.;,,,).,,. predictions in the cal- endar pages, !-l. continues to publish a silly ta- ble which the aL, J,. ^^y_^^ .;^^.||| 1,^, j,i,„jj|(; |„. spection show IIUL^erver what kind of weather will he liKelv to lo.^y ,|,g ^,„„..,|,pg ^f the moon into any of its quar>^_ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ i^^.^^ ,1^^ ^^.^^^^^ No' shown, either by moon has the as to be seldom or ;^,p,, ,^,,,,,j ,^,;^;i_; the fact IS, that it cai^^ - facts nor fair argumei .^.^^ ^1^^ least perceptible influei ' " The influence, good or productions, is the 1 .■ upon the weather, or any thing else, except m ,^^,,,, ,^ j,^^ ^.^^.. .„,„ whole popular belief in liai nnon the inhabitants \, . - ,. "''"' I. . . . ,■ ,";iie earth, or any of lie luigerf^^ - ' - - •' lowerful astrology. _^ _ \ Its fleets of the once In regard to the difBcultie; foretelling of the weather, I ^ \> lowing (lassages from Brand's ence. Literature and .\rt : it is nrlicie fl'enlher, and expresses soi" 1 bad formed upon the subject m 1 can myself It is as follows : " In all ages of the world, maiiki tempted to explain and prognoslicate'^ es of the weather; but such is the co of the subject and the vast multitude o' stances to be taken account of, that n " fiiriiisb rules for determining the order ii* they succeed each other or for predictV state of the weather at a future time, w approach to certainly. Nevertheless, all tl ferent modifications of the almosphere^ are necessary re; unalterable i , - . • ,■ -a i■^\■o least) well known in their separate and individit('>s al operations. The difficulty of tracing the ro\L jiich attend the ^piote the lt)l- Tpnary of Sci- under the which fetter than ive al- lang- ition otlK'""- \can suits of their combined infliionces arises chiefly troiii their complexity and endless concatena- tions. "The principal cause ofall the variations which take place in the state of the atmosphere, is the heating action of the sun's rays; but in order to appreciate correctly its eflect, it is necessary lo know not only the extent of the atmosphere, hut the properlii.'s of all the substances of which it is composed. Modern science has discovered that the atmosphere is composed of three difler- ent gaseous fluids, everywhere combined in the same proportions, and p«neliated by an ever va- rying elastic vapor. These two distinct envel- opes of air and vapor nieclianically mixed, have different rclalions to bent; and therefore, in con- sequence of the unequal temperature of the sur- face of the earth, with which they are in contact, they cannot both be in a stale of e(|uilibrium at the same time. In conseiinence of the diurnal rotation the diflerent parts of the atmosphere are constantly receiving different quantities of heat, as the solar rays penetrate more or less oblique- ly. This inequality of temperature produces winds, which, if the surface of the earth were perfectly regular and homogeneous, would al- ways blow in llie same direction ; but the sur- face of the earth being composed of luaterialsof various kinds, and irregularly disjiosed, the dis- tribiilion of bent over it is extremely irregular. The winds sweeping along the siirliice, acipiire its temperature; and hence the atmosphere also becomes irregularly heated. This produces an accumulation of air at one place andn deficiency at another; and hence a subsequent rush to re- store the equilibrium. As the air is cooled it be- comes also incapable of holding the same quan- tity of aqueous vapor, a porlion of which is tliere- fore set liee, and gives rise to clouds, mist, rain, dew, snow, &c. Besides all this, there is to be taken into account the develo()ement of electric- ity, the influences of light and galvanism, ihe ag- itation of the atmosphere produced by the rise and fall of tides, and probably a variety of other circumstances uitli which we are entirely iinac- (piainted. This very iiuperfect enumeration may serve to give an idea of the difficulties to he over- come in forming a theory of the weather." in regard to the influence of the moon upon the weather, the same writer hits the following correct remarks : "It has always been a favorite prejudice that the weather is influenced in some mysterious manner by the moon. The moon can be suppos- ed to act on the earth only in one [or all] of three ways; namely, by the light which it refiects; liy its attraction ; or liy an emanation of some un- known kind. Now the light of the moon does not amount to the 1 00 000th part of that of the sun ; and the heat which it excites is so small as to he altogether inappreciable by the most deli- cate instruments, or llie best devised experiments. No effect can lie attributed, therefore, to llie moon's light. With regard to the attraction of llie moon, we see its infiuonce on the tidesof the ocean, and might therefore be disposed lo allow a similar influence upon the atmosphere ; but when we take into account the small specific gravity of atmospheric air in comparison with water, and the consequent smallness of the mass of matter to be acted upon, it will readily be per- ceived that this influence must also he extremely feeble. In fact, it has been demonstrated by La- place that the joint action of the solar and lunar attractions is incapable of producing more than an atmospheric tide flowing westward at the rate of about four miles a day, and consequently scarcely, if at all appreciable. As to the remain- ing supposition, that the moon may act on the at- mosphere by some obscure emanation, it is suffi- cient to remark that no meteorological observa- tions that have yet been made, afiurd the slight- est traces of any such coiiiiectiou between the earlh and its satellite. The re:;islers which are now kefil in various ohservatiiries and other pla- ces also prove, contrary to the popular belief, that the changes of' the weather are in no way what- ever dependent on Ihe lunar [diases." It is often remarkeil that an eclipse of the sun, which is occasioned by the moon, causes cold list af- itilal- ys was colder at such time:*, and mentioned iniige in the weather that had taken place \e the day before; but the change took place icalions of the almospneie aie\j .' ' . . .suit of principles not only fixed \weatl,er ; and on batur.lay the 2a 1, mst ju in their nature, but (many of themV' tl"." eclipse a farmer asserted lo me thai the night before, (and not on the same day) be- fore the moon had arrived nearer directly be- tween us and the sun tluin it often is at her cotl- junclion. I observed that at the time of the great- est obscuration there was a sensible diminution of heat, as well iis light, in the sun's rays ; but in the shade it would not be ijerceptible. It un- doubtedly has as much eftect as a dense cloud would have, sufficiently large lo cover riVi equal space of the earth's surface, in an equal lime, and no more. C. From the Boston Post. Commercial Statistics. Imports of the United St-^tes. — For the year ending June 30, 1845, the total imports to the United States were $117,254,.564. Of this anioiint $102,438,481 were imported in American and $14,8iri,08.'! in foreign vessels. Of tbesame amount S22,147,840 were admitted duty free, while $1)0,191,8(52 paid an ad valorem, aud $34,- 914,862 paid a specific duty. We give below a statement, in round nnmber.s, of the amounts im- ported from each country; premising that in ev- ery case the colonies and dependencies of each nation are included in the general term. Great Britain 50 millions of dollars; France, 22 mil- lions; Spain, 104 millions; China, seven mil- lions; Brazil, six millions; Hanse Towns, three millions; Russia, Holland, Italy, Ilayti, Mexico, Venzuela, Argentine Republic, and Ciiili, each l)etween one and two millions ; Sweden, Den- mark, Belgium, Sicily, Turkey, Texas, and Africa generally, each tielween $500,000 and one mil- lion of dollars. By the following list may be seen the value of each of the most prominent articles of import during the year 1844-45:— Bullion and specie $4,070,242; leas $5,730,514; coffee $0,221,271; copper and brass $1,977,939; manufactures of wool $10,057,875; manufactures of cotton $13,- 863,282: manufactures of silk, camlet, lace, &c., $3,918,120 ; manufactures of flax and hemp $5,- 431.092; manufiietiwes of iron, steel, brass and tin $4,291,077; earthern ware and [lorcelain $2,- 658,637; watclies $1,106,543 ; wool iintnanufac- liired $1,689,794 ; pongees $8,260,784 ; tpolasses $3,154,782; sugar $4,780,555; spices $533,055; cigars $1,160,644 ; iron and steel $4,(329,.509 ; salt $888,663; indigo $802,700; spirits and wines $2,661,297. Exports of the United States for the YEAR ENDING Jdne 30, 184.5.^The exports from the United States for the above time, of articles of domestic production, were $99,299,776. Of this amount $23,816,653 were in foreign and $75,483,- 123 in American vessels. Domestic exports to the value of $4,106,927 went lo the Hanse Towns; $3,234,748 to Holland and her dependencies; $1,- 495,754 to Belgium ; $54,624,652 to Great Bri- lain and her colonies; $12,951,669 to France and her colonies ; $7,344,048 to Spain and her colonies ; $1,433,103 to Trieste and other Aus- trian ports; $1,327,891 to Ilayti; $2,413,-567 to Brazil; $1,247,3(;0 to Chili, and $2,079,341 to China, Russia, Prussia, Denmark and her colon- ies, Italy, Mexico, Venezuela,anil Africa general- ly, each received between $500,000 and $1,000,- 000. The total domestic exports are comprised under the following heads :— the sea $4,507,124 ; the forest $6,550,421 : animal products $6,206,- 394; vegetable food $9,810,.508; tobacco $7,469,819; cotton $51,739,643; other agricultural ))roducts $183,496; manufactures $5,804,977 ; articles not enumerated $2,927,562. The exports from the United States for the same lime of foreign production were $15,346,830 —of which $11,459,319 were in American and $3,887,511 in foreign vessels. Of the wliole$10,- 175,099 were admitted here free of duty, $2,107,- 292 with ad valorem, and $3,064,439 with specific duties. Of the whole $4,682,464 were entitled to drawback. Of the whole $6,419,883 went to Great Britain and her colonies, and $3,192,325 to France, itc. Russia, Denmark, Holland, Belgi- um, Spain and her colonies, Italy, Sicily, Austria, Texas, Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil,Argeutine He- public, Chili, China, and Asia generally, eaeh re- ceived amounts from $100,000 to $500,000; the Hanse Towns received $838,093. Clearances from the U. States and En- trances THERETO for THE YEAR ENDING JnNE 30, 1845.— 8197 American vessels, with a total of 2,05.3,977 tons, and crews of 100,794 men and 2462 boys : and 55&3 foreign vessels, with a total 56 QL\)C iTarmcf'g iHoiU()l|) bisttor. of 930,275 tons ""J crews ni' 54,057 iiien and I 720 boj's— cleiued finm llic ports of the United Slates duiinjj; the year 1843-45. Anieiicaii vessels 813:1, witli a loliil of 2,505- 480 toiis,iind crews of i!il,020 nienand25021i^.ys ; and 5590 foreign vessels, with a toi;d of !I10,330 tons, and crews of 55,315 men and 700 boys, en- tered llie ports of tlie United States during llie above time. The C^ory and the Shame of Great Britaiu. BY WILLIAM HdWlTT. 1. Her Landlords and her Laborers, — What a niiglily space lies between tlie piiaee and the cottage in tins coiuitry 1 ay, what a migh- ty sjwce between the mansion of the private gen- tleman and the hut of the laborer on his estate! To enter the one, to see its slateliness and ex- tent ; all its ofliees, out-buildings, gardens, green- liouses, liot-hoiises; its extensive fruit-walls, and the people laboring to furnish the table simply with Irnit, vegetables and flowers: its coach- liouse«,liarness-houses, stables, and all the steeds, draught horses and saddle-ljorses, hunters and ladies' pads, ponies for ladies' airing carriages, and ponies for children ; and all the grooms and attendants thereon ; to see the waters for fish, the woods for game, the elegant dairy for the supply of milk and cream, cmds and butter, and the dairy maids and managers belonging to tliern; — and then, to enter the house itself, and see all its different suites of apartments, drawing-rooms, boudoirs, sleeping-rooms, dining and lireakfast rooms ; its steward's, housekeeper's, and butler's rooms ; its ample kitcheiwsand larders, with their store of provisions, liesli and dried ; its stores of costly plate, porcelain and crockery apparatus of a hundred dift'erent kinds^ its-cellars of wine and strong beer; its stores 'ofdinen ; its library of books; its collections of paintings, engravings, anoverty and ignorance certainly can, and too often does, lie so heavily as to des- troy the relish of life's enjoyments in the cotta- ger. Yet happiness is a fireside thing; and the simplicity of cottag<; life, the fewness of iis ob- jects, and the strong syiiipalhii's awakened by its trials and sufterings, tend lo condense the atlec- tions, and to strike deep the roots of happiness in the sacred soil of consanguinity. When weafth is accompanied by a desire to do good, it is a glorious and happy destiny; when lowly life is virtuous, easy, and eidightened, it is a happy destiny too — fiir it is full of the strong zest ol existence, and strong afiections. 2. The Hetter Class of Knolish Ladok- i;rs. — When we go into the coitiige of the work- in"' man how forcil>ly are we struck with the difference between his mode of life and our own. There is his tenement, of, at most, one or two rooms. His naked walls; hare brick, stone or mud floor, as it may be ; a fi;w wooden, or rush- bottomed chairs; a deal or old oak table ; a sim- ple fire-|dace, with its oven beside it, or, in many parts of the kingdom, no other fire-place than the hearth ; a few pots and pans — and you have his whole abode, goods and chattels, lie conies home weary IVom hisont-door work, having eat- en bis diimer under hedge or tree, and seats him- self (or a few hours witli his wife and children, then turns into a rudi- bi.Ml, standing perha;;s on the IJirther side of his only room, and out again before daylight, if it be winter. He has no oiw to make a fire in his dressing-room, to lay out his clothes, to assist him in his toilet ; he flings on his patched garments, washes his face in a wood- en or earthen dish at the door; blows up the fire, often gets ready his own breakfiist, and is gone. Such is the lontine of his life, from week to week and year to year; Sundays, and a few holi- days, arc white days in his calendar. On them he shaves, puts on a clee.n shirt and hetter coat, drawn from that old chest which contains the whole wardrobe of himself and children ; his wife has generally some separate drawer or band- box, in which to stow her ligliler and tnore fra- gile gear. Then he walks around his little gar- den if he have it ; goes with his wile; and children to church or meeting; to sit with a neighbor, or to have a nrighhor look in upon him. 'I'here he sits, his children upon his knee, ami tells them how his father used to talk to Mm. This is cottage life in its best estate ; in its im- sophislicated and nnpnuperized condition. He has no carriages, no horses, no c^rds of invita- tion, or of admittance to places of amusement; none of the luxuries, fascinations, or embellisb- meiits of life belong to him. It is existence shorn of all its spreading and flowering branches, hut not pared to the quick. This is supposing the father of the family is sober ami industrious — that he is neither a pot-house haunter, a gambler at the cock-jiit, a boxer, a dog-fighter, a poacher, an idle, rackety, and demoralized fellow, a« thou- sands are. This is supposing that he brings home his week's wages, and puts them into the bands of his wifi}, as their best guardian and distribu- ter ; — saying, " Here, my lass, this is all that I have earned ; thou must lay it out for the best; /have enough to do to win il." And what are these wages, out of which to maintain his finnily, .aided by the lesser earnings of his wife, by taking in washing, helping in har- vest fields, charring in more affluent people's houses, and so on, and theeai-nings of the child- ren in similar ways, or in soni<" neighboring fac- tory ? His own probably ammnit to nine, or, at most, twelve shillings, and if liis family be large, and there are several workers among them, the whole united earnings may reach twenty shillings per week ; a suin which will hardly find other men wherewith to pay toll-bars, or purchase gun- powder, a s(im which we throw away repeated- ly on some baulile ; and yet, on this will a whole family maintain life and credit fi)r a week, aye, ami on much less too. In this little hut, which w« slioidd hardly think would do lor a cow-shed or a hay-loft, ami to which the stables of many gentlemen are real palaces, is the poor man pack- ed away with all his kindred lives, interest and aflections : and so he carries on the warfare of hum.inity, till He, who is no respecter of ^lersons, calls him to stand, side by side, before His throne, with the rich man «lio "has fiired snmptnously every day." Such lire " the short and simple annals" of thou- sands in these kingdoms; and yet, what fine, stripping young fi'llows s|u'iiig up in these little cabins, men who have tilled the soil of Kngland and wielded at hotne lier mech.anics' tools, and borne her arms abroad, till tliiir industry ;md ge- niu.s, uinler the direclion of higher minds, have raised her to her present pitch of emiiMMice ; and what sweet liices and lovely forms issue thence to Smiday worship, to village fi'ast and dance ; or are seen by the eveniLig passer-by in the height of the ingle, amid the liimily group, making some sinoky-raliered hut a little temple of rare jieauly, and of filial or sisterly afli'ctions. 3. Scotch and Irish Laiiorers. — Thecottaj lilti I have been speaking of, is that of the belt class of cottagers ; the.solier and industrious pea- santry ; but how far short of ihis condition is that of millions in iliis em[iire ! To s;iy nothing oflrish cabins, the examples of what a state of destitu- tion, misery, and squalor men may sink into; how mneh below this is the comfiirl of a Highland hut ? What a eonlrast is there often between the cotlas;e of an English laborer, and the steailing of a Highland liirmer. 'J'here it stands, in a deep g(en, between higli, rocky mountains. His farm is a wild sheep-tr.iik among the bill.s. Wheat, he grows none, for it is too cold and weeping a Mimate. He has a little ]'ateh of oats for crowdie and oaic;dmi away. The roof is ihalclied with bracken, ling, broom and tnrf. A little window of perhajis one pane of thick glass, or of I'our of oili'd paper, 'llie iloor, which reaches to the eaves, is so low that you must stoop to enter : and the smoke is pour- ing faster out of it than it ascends from the chim- ney. A fiiw goats are, most likely, lying or stand- ing ahoui the door. V'oii chter, and as soon as you can discern any thing through the eternal cloud of smoke, you most probably found your- self in a crowd, 'i'he fire of peat lies in the cen- tre of the hut, surrounded by a liiw stones ; wood- en benches are nailed one side against the wall, and the other is partitioned off' like a large wood- en Clipboard, with sliding doors or curtains, for the liimily bed, as you find all over Scotland and even in Northiimherland. The pigs are running about the floor , hens are roosting over your head the cows are lowing in what we should call tl)^ parlor; nine or ten children, or weans, as thy call them, and a callant or boy, who leaches "c weans, and the father and mother, and very p""'" ably their father and moiher, or one of ihi", m extremi! age, are fixing their eyes on the st '"f-'cr. In the Slimmer of i83o, i\lrs. Houitt a'' "O" self pa.ssed the night in such a dwellii' aiid a slight notice of the place may prese-' '•' ""r readers, a new view o(' co;ia;,e life " '"''"* "' Rosshire, some thirty or foriv mil' "prthwest lyimr A wild and vet most bea'iiliful spr'' "as,— a little strath openini;- it.self out hcf'!!,' '!''-' wooded mountains wli'ich surronnd L*-' t''7n''.v, and the bare stonv hills in the direci'."' *"'""'' <-'onan. We came" upon it after wu '""'^ through the delicious tairv land of hi'' "<""'« ''.'at clothe that Loch in 'the verv >'"'"''' "' pa'tme.sq„« beautv, springim; up an,'^''' "'" "'I'', <■''■•'''« "f crag.s here haiiiiin- ov''"' """■'■•. "'"' '"-'c sni- rounding the romous "'f '":"■•'= '"' ?<""«•" '*"litary hut, thai', hut fin- chil " I' "-^ '"/ ''••<■"■''' ". "•""''• nvelieei'"""''-"^ ''"'■'"">'■■"'• Astern of Inverness, at a spot called the -'"jrie, ly between Loch Echiltv nml Loc '''nchart. appear lo I defile guarded bv •!i SOf 11 rojecling rucks, bv places clothe",-"' ""- '■'^' "--^t Wrnpery of crimson heaihe-' l'^"''" ""J'"'''' "'"J.l'vnlly gray, I wiih chmhing .'ht i| heiilil alii I , ,. , ^glit ns to a little iiamele.-s h> I, ,1, ""<''*i j;iit with .-I den.-<' margin i-ed w iih the most niagiiiricent ilis- lilies.and then appeared two I'll.! eveniii" '''■''"'"-*■ S"ik"ig into night, and w>. were i? ''"" '"'"' '''"' '' "'"* '" ''"' '""^'- '""• Two • ". "I'l"'''""'^^.'' "' '''^' ''""r of one of these I anil birch trees. I hidden i reeds, and i,,.,, ,, . ,■ I water of those l'""'' '" "i*' "'Sidaiid ..olilndc, " . rather startled ns wiihthe inthrmalioii. nciiri'st inn in ti 'l'"5 di way we projiosed to slant live and twi'iity miles! That an- r"mile brought iiti to the fi'iry over the Conaii, "e the cariiago road cea.sed", .and all hevoml nionnlain and moorl.Miul waste. We seem- ', IIS it were, to be on the verv verge of civilizu- m; and there appeared to he nothing for us, (i[|)C JTanncr's iHnutl)ln iUintov. 57 liiit to rclriife our way some miles, or tiiko up our lodfiinj! in llii« lioiife. Weary US' "c were, lliis appeared llje le.ift ob- ji etioiialilo allcriialive, anil we aceepted ihe iiUer wliiili tlie elder woiuan made us. Tlie Mionienl we did ^o, llie poor wuiuaii seeuied s^lruck willi llie rusliiiess of lier aot. " What ttags as big as our cows. O, it's an aw- ful place lor wild bejists — fo.ves and badgers and serpentsi did you ever ^ee a serpent, iua'am ? JSomotimes in the moruing they rear themselves •in a narrow path, and hiss at me bilierly." As the poor woman sjiuke, we siood at Ihe door of .her liltle leiienient, and saw the heavy dew glit- iering on tlie grass all around ; and the primitive cheese press consisting of a pole, one end of which -was ihrnsled into a device of a rock, and the other weighed wilh a huge stone; and around jis were the healthy mounnwis and the woods; the misls and clouds clinging to ihe sides of wild hills, (ir rolling away bidbie the breeze of the niorning; and the sound oj" a neigbnrinir torrent alone distill hing the ileep suliiude. We coiihl' uol avoid feeliin; how far was all lliis from the collage-life of England. We gave the poor wo- man what we ihouglit .i fitting celurn for her hos- pitality, ami left her overwhelmed whh u gralu- Ihl asloninhineni, which sItoweU there what was the real value of money. 4. MA.\LiACTURl.\G LaBORKBS Iti EjiGLANn. — -This is a scene in the scale of comfort far be- low the goneral run of laborers' houses in Eii"- land; lint ye< how far, infinitely far lower, do many of our worldng jieoples' abodes sink. What