LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
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AGRICULTURE
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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Radio News
IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JANUARY 1, 1952
A -MOST HAPPY NEW YEAR TO ALL OF YOU!
All of U3 in the Extension Editorial Office would like to express our gratitude to you for your interest In reaching the people ^f Illinois with information on better farming and better homemaking.
Certainly much credit for the prosperity of Illinois ag- riculture must go to the daily newspapers of the state and to the radio stations for the time and space that have been devoted to "informing" both farm families and others who are interested in better farming.
We sincerely hope our service will be helpful to you in 1952. We would appreciate your suggestions on how we can make our efforts more productive.
And on this first day of the New Year, we want to wish you a most successful and happy 1952.
EXTENSION EDITORIAL OFFICE 330 Mumford Hall Urbana , Illinois
12-27-51
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Radio News
VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 2, 1952
Winter Brush Spraying Has Four Advantages
URBANA--One big advantage of spraying brush this winter with 2,4,5-T in oil is that this treatment will kill species which survive the summer foliage sprays, says a University of Illinois authority.
Weed control specialist Fred Sllfe points out three other advantages of winter brush sprays: (1) they kill taller brush,
(2) they avoid the danger of drifting spray killing farm crops, and
(3) they use labor and equipment in the slack season when it's not busy .
The best time for winter brush spraying is any time from about December 1 until leaves appear next spring. Undesirable woody plants are killed easily and fairly cheaply.
Sllfe says plenty of farmers have had good results in cleaning out brush with winter sprays. And he has had good results with brush up to 12 inches in diameter at the trunk.
Sllfe emphasizes that he is not recommending that all brush be sprayed to kill it. But along drainage ditches, fencerows, past- ures, and other places where brush is troublesome, winter sprays are the cheapest and most convenient way to get rid of brush.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 2, 1952 Winter Brush Sprays - add 1
Here are the recommendations based on four years of tests using six chemicals on about 15 kinds of brush in 10 locations.
Recommended dosage is 1 pint of 2,4,5-T--the ester form- -in 3 gallons of light oil. Diesel or fuel oil or kerosene are cheapest.
You can either spray the whole plant or just the trunk. If you treat only the trunk, be sure the spray reaches down to ground level. You only need to spray l8 inches high on the trunk.
Best equipment for applying winter sprays seems to be a
hand sprayer. Slife says one spray usually is enough to kill oak,
willow, osage orange, elm, blackberries, wild cherries, and other
troublesome brush plants , You may need a follow-up spray next winter
to catch a few spots that were missed. And don't be disappointed if
the brush develops leaves next spring, because the chemical may not
take effect until summer.
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Good, All-Purpose Mineral Mixture Given
URBANA--A good, all-purpose mineral mixture for Illinois farmers to use In supplementing regular rations for all livestock is given in Circular 688, Minerals in Livestock Feeding, just published by the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
H. H. Mitchell, animal nutritionist, says the mixture in- cludes equal parts of finely ground limestone, bonemeal, dicalcium phosphate or defluorlnated rock phosphate, and salt. Use iodized salt if you're guarding against thyroid troubles.
If you'd rather not get and mix these ingredients, you can buy a commercial mixture put out by a reliable manufacturer.
The mineral needs of different classes of livestock are also given in Circular 688. You can get a free copy from your farm ad- viser or the College of Agriculture, Urbana .
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Radio News
4VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JANUARY 3, 1952
V/lnter Weather Can Actually Spoil Food In Home Freezer
URBANA--YOU may not believe it, but cold vlnter weather can actually spoil frozen food in your home freezer,
W. J. Wills, in the Illinois College of Agriculture, ex- plains that if the electricity goes off for long enough because of a storm, food in your freezer may thaw and spoil.
But Wills has a solution. He says when the electricity goes off, probably the best thing to do is to lock the freezer and carry the key to be sure no one opens the freezer.
It's important to keep the door or lid closed, because the
ordinary freezer will keep frozen food in good condition for ^8 to 72
hours if it is not opened. A full freezer will usually hold food
longer than a nearly empty one.
Wills adds that during the winter many people put too much meat in a freezer to be frozen at one time. Most freezers can handle only about 35 pounds. Overloading forces the motor to run too long and often to burn out. At other times the fresh meat thaws food that is already frozen.
If your freezer motor burns out, call in the appliance dealer or perhaps your local locker plant operator.
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Illinoia Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JANUARY 3, 1932
Can't Be Too Careful in Controlling Anthrax
URBANA- -Illinois farmers were warned today by a University of Illinois veterinarian that "it is impossible to be too careful in dealing with anthrax."
Dr. G. T. Woods, in the College of Veterinary Medicine, says 11 outbreaks of anthrax have occurred in Illinois from August to No- vember. Cases have also been reported recently in Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, California, and Florida.
It has been claimed that anthrax does not occur in hogs. But Dr. Woods says that most of the 11 Illinois cases were in swine, and the rest in cattle. The disease can kill nearly all types of farm animals, including swine, and it also attacks humans.
Dr. Woods points out that anthrax is a fast-striking killer
and can stay in the soil of contaminated farms for years. This makes
it hard to stamp out.
If the disease strikes your livestock, get a diagnosis from your veterinarian before you even touch the animals. If it is anthrax, you can take three steps to help to control the disease:
1. Completely burn or bury the dead animals, manure, bed- ding, and other contaminated material, and disinfect the area with a 5 percent lye solution.
2. Isolate the sick animals, and carry out treatment under the directions of your veterinarian. He will vaccinate the rest of the herd to prevent spread of the disease.
3. Help protect livestock and human health by enforcing the quarantine of your farm to prevent the disease from spreading.
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Radio News
ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, JANUARY k, 1952
Bird3foot Trefoil Has Four Advantages Over Alfalfa, Ladlno
URBANA--Bird3foot trefoil, one of the newer pasture legumes, has four advantages over alfalfa and Ladino clover, according to agronomists in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
They say that birdsfoot trefoil will last longer, even though closely grazed; it is more tolerant of acid soils; it is quite drouth-resistant; and it grows well in climate that has been hard on alfalfa and Ladino.
J. C. Hackleman, extension crops specialist, recommends the
Empire strain of birdsfoot trefoil for Illinois. The legume is
adapted to climate throughout the state. Some of the best stands are
found in Jo Daviess, Stephenson, and Winnebago counties.
Main drawback of birdsfoot trefoil is that it's hard to get a stand. It seems to catch better alone and does not grow well in competition with grasses, Hackleman says not to worry if you don't get an excellent stand the first year. It's slow in coming and may take two years. He's known of several cases where the stand looked like a failure the first year but produced well the second year.
Yields of dry hay from birdsfoot trefoil, alone or in mix- tures, have exceeded 5,000 pounds an acre. And a small patch at Urbana is still thrifty after 22 years.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, JANUARY 4, 1952
Fancy Prices Don't Necessarily Mean High-Quality Tile
URBANA--YOU can't tell high-quality drain tile by its price.
That's the conclusion of Ben Muirheid, University of Illi- nois agricultural engineer, after testing 31 samples of tile.
One sample of 6-inch tile retailing for $105 per thousand feet failed to meet even minimum specifications, while another costing only $88 per thousand feet tested extra-quality.
The specialist suggests that you order tile by its quality. For tile to be laid for mains and deeper than six feet, ask for "Extra Quality." For all other tile, ask for "Standard."
If your dealer doesn't know these terms, have him ask the manufacturer. All tile producers know the specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials and whether their tile meet those requirements.
Muirheid says it means little to buy tile by "strength." Most of the 31 samples were strong enough, even though they failed to meet other minimum requirements. When tile failed to meet accepted standards, the reason always was that they were too porous and ab- sorbed too much moisture.
Concrete and shale tile stood up well in the tests. Con- crete tile that were rejected invariably were made at plants which did not use accepted methods of making good concrete.
To check on the quality of tile, see your county farm adviser or write the College of Agriculture, Urbana, for a copy of the physical requirements of drain tile.
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Radio News
/ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, JANUARY 5, 1952
EXTENSION SERVICE
1951 Progress In Soil Survey Vork
URBANA--A new soils map and report for Kendall county is now being printed and will be ready for distribution soon, according to soil survey men in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
They say that during 1951, they worked on soils reports for Kendall, Henderson, Menard, Lawrence, Will, and Williamson counties. Each report is in a different stage of completion.
The Henderson county soil map has been printed and the report to accompany it is being written. For Menard county, the soil map went to the printer last week. During the past summer field work was finished on the maps for Lawrence and Will counties. Ana field work was started late I^ist summer on the soil map for Williamson county.
During 1951 a new report was published for Iroquois county.
Soil maps and reports show the type of soil, amount of
slope, and much other helpful information for farmers, lenders, farm
managers and others. Single copies are available free from farm
advisers or the College of Agriculture, Urbana.
There are published soil maps and reports available for 72 counties, with maps only for eight more counties. In the other 22 counties nothing is available for general distribution, but farm ad- visers have a soils map for reference.
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Illinois Farm Nevs - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, JANUARY 5, 1952
Make Your Nevr Chick Flock Pay
URBANA--A high-q\iality chick flock, started soon and prop- erly cared for, will give you larger returns through higher egg pro- duction next fall when the markets are at their best.
Poultryman Sam Ridlen, in the Illinois College of Agricul- ture, suggests ordering the chicks now to insure delivery in March or April, the best brooding time for Illinois. A healthy flock, started in the early spring, will be laying their best at the peak of the market from September to December.
Better order high-quality chicks from a reliable hatchery-- chicks from stock tested for pullorum disease and known to be free from other contagious diseases. They may cost more in the beginning, but with the keen competition and high costs of production, you can't afford to waste time or money on poor-quality stock.
In caring for baby chicks, never overcrowd them in the brooder. Ridlen says to allow one square foot of floor space for every two chicks up to the age of six weeks, and one square foot for every chick after that age.
Proper sanitation is necessary for success in brooding
chicks. So, if you are going to use an old brooder for the new flock,
Ridlen advises that you thoroughly clean and disinfect the brooder
house and all equipment before the chicks arrive. It's a good idea to
start the brooder a few days before the chicks are delivered to insure
complete dryness, regulate the heat, get rid of the disinfectant fumes,
and check the equipment for good working condition.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JANUARY 7, 1952
Square Dancers Meet at Urbana January 3Q
URBANA--Illlnol3 square dance clubs are invited to send their dancers to the Winter Festival, Wednesday evening, January 30, during Farm and Home Week at the Illinois College of Agriculture.
Recreation specialist E. H. Regnier says the first 20 clubs who say they will help will be accepted. Each set may provide its own caller and dance any figure it chooses to the tune of Sally Goodin. All 20 sets will demonstrate at the same time.
Rural Youth and open class square dance teams will perform in the preliminaries of the 1952 Illinois Farm Sports Festival all day on January 30« You can enter through county farm or home advisers. Selected sets of these dancers will take part in the Winter Festival.
Program for Winter Festival includes a square dance floor
show and two hours or more of square dancing to guest callers from
Illinois and Indiana. Everyone who can get onto the huge floor in
George Huff Gymnasium will have a chance to dance to these guest
callers .
Other entertainment at Farm and Home Week includes the annual Open House at the Illini Union, the Illinois Rural Music and Drama Festival, the exhibits open all afternoon daily in Bevier Hall, • and many other sidelights to the educational program.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JANUARY 7, 1952
Water-Oil Mixture Being Tried Again for Winter Brush Sprays
URBANA--An improvement in winter brush spraying that worked well last winter is being tried more thoroughly and on a wider scale this season in University of Illinois tests.
Weed control specialist Fred Slife in the College of Agri- culture says the improvement is using a 50-50 mixture of oil and water as the carrier for the brush-killing chemical 2,^,5-T. Formerly oil alone was used.
By substituting water, costs can be cut a little.
The main advantage of doing chemical brush control in winter is that spraying then kills some kinds of brush which survive summer foliage sprays.
Slife says the new mixture includes 1-1/2 gallons of water, 1-1/2 gallons of oil, and 1 pint of 2,4,5-T. An emulsifier is added to get the oil and water to mix.
This combination is being sprayed on oak, osage orange, wild
cherry, and elm at Urbana, Dixon Springs, and Morris.
Diesel oil, fuel oil, or kerosene are most often used in brush sprays and cost about 15 cents per gallon. That's around 45 cents for 3 gallons of oil as called for in the old mixture. Cost of oil in the new mixture would be about 23 cents, or a saving of some 22 cents. The amount of 2,4,5-T remains the same for both mixtures.
Slife explains that savings would be minor on small areas, but they would really mount up for large-scale jobs, like a 40-acre field. These bigger jobs are especially typical of the southern half of Illinois.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1952
5 Mo3t Popular Short Course Classes Named
URBANA--Soil management, gas engines and tractors, rural electrification, livestock care and farm management- -in that order-- are the five most popular courses among farm young men attending the winter short course at the Illinois College of Agriculture, reports director M. J. Scott.
Seventy-five men and three women from 47 Illinois counties are attending the first winter short course. Students vary in age from 17 to 55 years. About 95 percent of them live on farms. They range from hired hands to large-scale owners and operators.
Teachers say the students are attending for a purpose. They are, on the average, more mature than college freshmen. Short course students are regular in attendance, anxious to learn and willing to work, spontaneous, cooperative and aggressively curious.
On the social side, three student committees have been plan- ning the programs for the Wednesday night supper club, creative lei- sure activities and sports.
Several students now attending the short course are planning to enroll in the regular 4-year course of the College of Agriculture if they are not drafted.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1952
Good Cow Care Means Top Winter Milk Production
URBANA--Your dairy cows won't go on strike this winter, but neglect will bring lowered milk production.
Dr. L. R. Bain, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says dairymen can keep milk yields up, no matter how bad the weather gets. But it will mean giving the dairy herd a little extra attention.
One suggestion is to take good care of the cow's udder. If the udder becomes swollen and Inflamed, or if a teat is badly injured, call your veterinarian. Prompt treatment helps to keep cows on the production line.
Dr. Bain recommends letting the cows exercise. But don't make them stand outside for several hours in rainy or severely cold weather. When they are in the barn, be sure they have plenty of clean bedding so that their udders and teats won't be exposed to the cold floor.
Another suggestion is to see that the cows have plenty of chill-free water. Cows forced to drink icy water will drink less than they should. Another thing, if a cow laps water with her tongue, it may mean she has a sore tooth that needs the attention of a veteri- narian.
And be sure to check the herd for lice. Lice spread rap- idly in cold weather, often causing decreased production and un-
thriftiness.
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ERSITY OF riLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 1952
Treat Eves for Worms Early In Winter
URBANA--Rid your bred ewes of stomach and nodular worms this winter, and you'll have less trouble with worms in your lambs next spring.
Dr. N. D. Levlne, parasitologist of the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, says wormy ewes seed down lots and pastures with parasite eggs. Then after the lambs are born, they rapidly become infested with worms.
Dr. Levine says phenothiazine is the most effective drug known to fight stomach and nodular worms in ewes. You can get the drug from your veterinarian and treat your flock according to direc- tions given on the container.
It's best to treat each ewe separately to make sure each one gets the right amount. This can best be done by using a capsule or a drench.
But the specialist warns not to treat ewes during the last
month of pregnancy. If you do, rough handling may make them abort.
That's why it's better to worm them early in the winter.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 1952
No Substitute for Accurate Dairy Records
URBANA--YOU wouldn't think of driving a car at night without Ibeadlights, would you? Yet some dairymen are "driving blind" in managing their farms because they do not keep accurate records.
Leo Fryman, University of Illinois dairyman, declares there is no substitute for accurate records on identification, breeding and production.
Selection of replacement heifers and a sound breeding pro- gram both depend greatly on keeping accurate records and studying them.
Identification records are needed because other records are of little value unless every animal is positively identified. You can identify by photographs or color markings, tattoo, chains around the neck or horns, ear-tagging or branding. Whatever system you use, keep it up to date.
Breeding records help you get the most production from each
cow. Fryman says a Purdue test showed that dry cows in good condition
gave 29 percent more milk after calving than cows not properly fitted.
An adequate dry period is a "must" for highest production. Breeding
records also show the breeding health of the herd.
To keep production records, Fryman suggests joining a dairy herd improvement association. The records are sure to be kept then, and they give cost of production as well as amount of production. The records also give information on profitable feeding and management.
See your farm adviser if you're interested in joining one of the 88 DHIAs now operating in Illinois,
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KERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JANUARY 10, 1952
Facts, Fun for All at Farm and Home Week
URBANA--New information and plenty of fun for everyone are on the program for Farm and Home Week January 28-3I at the Illinois College of Agriculture.
G. L. Jordan says half -day sessions are scheduled on trac- tor selection and care, swine, poultry, sheep, beef, and dairy calf raising, and a review of some agronomy research tests.
Legume-grass crops will take up two half-day periods. Three farmers will explain how their legume-grass programs work on live- stock, dairy and grain farms. And for a look into the future, there will be a discussion by farmers and agricultural economists on "Illi- nois Agriculture--1955 Model."
For the women, there will be I3 special classes in home- making subjects like child guidance, flower gardening, household equipment, choosing becoming clothes, home freezing and home storage.
As for entertainment, there's the Music and Drama festival, open house in the Illini Union, the Winter Festival, several ban- quets and other events.
Plenty of rooms are available in University dormitories and private homes at $2.00 to $3.00 a night, so you won't need to write in advance for reservations.
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lllnois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JANUARY 10, 1952
our Youth Receive Highest 4-H Honor
URBANA--The highest honor a 4-H member can receive went to *our Illinois farm youth today when they were chosen to attend Natlon- il 4-H Club Camp to be held next June ir. Washington, D. C.
Receiving the top honor were Juanlta Johnston, 19, Preemp- ;lon, Mercer county; Charlotte Ross, 20, Rochester, Sangamon county; Tack Ottosen, 20, Stockton, JoDavless county; and Gordon Ropp, 20, [ormal, McLean county.
Miss Anna Searl and E, I. Pilchard, state leaders of girls' Imd boys' 4-H work, respectively, say the four were chosen by the tate 4-H Club staff at the University of Illinois for their leader- ihlp qualities, outstanding 4-H achievements and participation In )roject and community activities.
These outstanding young folks will represent the 57,000
Illinois 4-H'ers among the approximately 200 delegates from all 48
ttates and several foreign countries.
During the week at National Club Camp, the young people will ^Islt Congress and various government offices, go on educational tours io historic places and experience other kinds of citizenship training, .'hey also will hear some top speakers in the workings of democratic jovernment and summarize what they learn in discussion groups.
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Borrowed: If your wife doesn't care to go out in the evening, she loves her home or hasn't much to go out with.
Life is a handicap race. The better your equipment, the )etter record you must make to get by.
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COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, JANUARY 11, 1952
Watch Best Govs for Ketosla
URBANA--A University of Illinois veterinarian points out that ketosis may strike any cow in your dairy herd, but the most likely victims are your best cows that have calved recently.
Dr. R. D. Hatch says that if the disease strikes, milk pro- duction may drop off seriously. In severe cases cows may die during an attack unless they are treated early. Cows with mild cases may recover without treatment.
If you suspect that a cow has ketosis, call your veterinari- an immediately. The cow may not recover unless she gets prompt at- tention.
Ketosis most often strikes soon after calving when the milk flow is heavy. The cow loses her appetite, and milk production falls off rapidly. Most cows seem sleepy and are wobbly.
To prevent ketosis, feed an adequate, well-balanced ration during the dry period so that the cow will be in good condition at balving time. After she has calved, provide her with a high-carbohy- drate ration by feeding either molasses or plenty of corn and other grains .
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Illinois Farm Neva - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, JANUARY 11, 1952
Nev Calf Starter Gives Excellent Results
URBANA--A new, lov-cost, simplified calf starter suitable for farm mixing has been giving excellent results in tests at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
Dairyman K. E. Gardner reports that average growth rates of about 60 calves on test were above normal and compared closely with those of 20 control calves receiving a starter containing dried skim milk and a wide variety of other feeds.
The starter for the 60 test calves included 50 percent ground yellow corn, 20 percent ground or crushed oats, 27 percent soybean oil meal, 1 percent salt, 1-1/2 percent steamed bone meal and 2/10 of 1 percent of a dry, powdered vitamin A and D supplement.
The calves first received this starter at two weeks of age and were carried on it to four months of age. They received it free- choice up to 4-1/2 pounds daily, with good-quality alfalfa hay free-choice.
Gardner says the calves were limited to a total of only about 350 pounds of whole milk fed over an 8- to 10-week period. This is less than half the whole milk often fed by farmers who do not use the calf -starter method. Less whole milk means lower cost calf feed.
The dry vitamin supplement provided 4,000 units of vitamin
A and 800 of vitamin D in each pound of starter. The powder is easy
to mix with other ingredients and can be obtained at poultry feed
stores.
The test will end sometime this spring and a more complete, detailed report will be made then.
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^VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, JANUARY 12, 1952
Treat Fence Posts Yourself and Save
URBANA--YOU can save bo.th time and money in keeping up fences by treating the wooden posts yourself with chemical preserva- tives .
W. L. Meek, forester in the Illinois College of Agriculture,
says that more than 20 million wooden fence posts are used in Illinois
every year. Many of these would last longer if treated properly with
chemicals before the posts are put into the ground. And you can save
as much as 50 percent of the cost of the posts if you treat your own
instead of buying commercially treated ones.
Tests at the college indicate that a home-grown fence post, properly treated, should last at least 15 years. About 1,200 posts used in the tests were set in fence lines in 19^2. In 1951 more than 90 percent of these posts were still sound, and Meek says they ap- parently will last for several more yea^^s.
Preservatives used in the tests included pentachlorph<*nol-- or penta--copper napthenate and a 100-SS salt solution. The cold- soak method--the easiest to use on your own farm--was used in treating most of the posts.
For more information on how to treat your own fence posts, write to the College of Agriculture, Urbana, or ask your farm adviser for Circular 636, "Preserve Your Posts With Penta," or Fll4, "Treating Pence Posts on the Farm With Creosote."
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, JANUARY 12, 1952
Swine Testing Quadruples Since 19^7
UFlBANA--More than four times as many litters were produc- tion-tested in swine herd improvement associations in 1951 as in 19^7.
In reporting this progress today, Harold Parrett, Champaign county hog raiser, also announced that the fifth annual meeting of the state-wide Illinois Swine Herd Improvement Association will be held Thursday, January 17, in the farm bureau building at Ottawa.
Production-testing of swine means weighing all pigs at 56 days of age. These records of litter weights are the basis for choosing future breeding stock, since several tests have shown a close connection between weaning and market weights of pigs.
Parrett says the spring farrowing summary for 19^7 listed
401 litters tested throughout the state, with a total of 2,524 pigs
weighed. In 1951, 1,710 litters were tested and 11,258 pigs weighed.
This year 19 local associations with 221 members are enrolled in the
state group.
LJN:bb -30-
This Mineral Mixture Saves You Money
URBANA--Y0U can save from $2 to almost $10 per hundredweight
on a mineral mixture for your cows, as a Clinton county farmer did.
Here's the story from Vincent Kohrs, dairy herd improvement association tester. He says dairyman Charles Luginbuhl made that saving when he mixed two parts of bonemeal, two parts of feeding- grade lime and one part of salt together.
Kohrs says the cost of this mixture was around $2.50 per hundredweight compared with $4.25 to $12 for commercial mixtures.
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^VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JANUARY 14, 1952
Farmhouse Is Like a Suit of Clothes
URBANA--A farmhouse is a bit like a suit of clothes. It can be either a good fit or a bad fit for what's Inside.
This comparison came today from Keith Hinchcliff , farm buildings specialist in the Illinois College of Agriculture. You can soon locate the trouble and fix it when your clothes don't fit. But many families force themselves to fit into houses that serve their needs no better than a glove would fit your foot.
To avoid picture windows without picture views or doors facing cold north winds and snow, consider the effect of sun and prevailing winds. The sun can provide heat and light in winter when you need it- -if you plan the house for it. The same thing applies to avoiding excessive heat in summer when you don't need it. Bedroom windows also can be placed to catch the cooling southwest breezes in
summer.
Another factor affecting house arrangement is location of the driveway. In some cases it's easier to move the driveway than to reorganize the house so that it will be better served from the driveway .
Two free leaflets give lots of help on farmhouse remodeling or corjstruction. They are "How to Fit Your Farmhouse to Your Farm- stead and "How You Can Remodel Your Model T Farmhouse." You can get copies from your farm adviser or the College of Agriculture, Urbana.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JANUARY 14, 1952
Change in Tax Lav Probably Means Lover Taxes
URBANA--A change in income tax regulations makes it possible for most livestock farmers to save on 1951 income taxes and to obtain a refund of about $300 to maybe $2,000 on back taxes.
N. G. P. Krausz, University of Illinois agricultural lavyer, says the change provides that animals sold from a dairy or breeding herd can now be considered as sale of capital assets. Any profit is capital gain and only one-half of the profit is taxable. Previously, unless the herd vas reduced in size, all such gain vas taxable.
To qualify under the new provision, you must hold all ani- mals for draft, breeding or dairy purposes for at least 12 months from date of birth or purchase. To file a claim for tax refund for the tax years 19^8, 19^9 and 1950, you must have held them for only six months.
Krausz says to file a claim for refund before March 15, 1952, if you have been denied capital gain treatment on sale of live- stock. This vould apply only to 1948, 19^9 and 1950, since a 3-year statute of limitations generally prevents going back any further.
According to Krausz, the average farmer vith three tax ex- emptions vho sells around $1,500 worth of breeding and dairy animals each year can expect a refund of about $300. For larger operators, it may amount to $1,000 to $2,000.
If you have sold draft, dairy or breeding animals in 1951 that were held for more than 12 months, report them on Schedule D as long-term capital assets.
And set up a depreciation schedule showing separately each animal held for draft, dairy or breeding purposes.
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Radio News
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JANUARY 15, 1952
McDermott Named to Agricultural Editorial Staff
URBANA--Dean H. P. Rusk of the University of Illinois Col- lege of Agriculture today announced the appointment of James. K. McDermott as assistant extension editor and assistant professor of extension in the college. The appointment is effective February 1.
McDermott is now assistant extension editor at the Univer- sity of Missouri. He graduated from Missouri in 19^7 and received his master's degree from the University of Wisconsin in 19^9. During World War II he served as a second lieutenant in the army, receiving the Purple Heart for wounds received in action as a combat rifle pla- toon leader.
In announcing the new editorial appointment, Dean Rusk pointed out that the position would permit the college's editorial office to expand its program of undergraduate and in-service training in the field of information methods.
"Nearly all of our agricultural and home economics graduates can benefit greatly from some basic training in the fields of news writing, radio broadcasting and visual aids," Dean Rusk said.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JANUARY 15, 1952 McDermott Appointed - add 1
"At the same time, our county farm advisers and home ad- visers are depending more and more on local newspapers and radio sta- tions as effective means of reaching farm families with new and impor- tant information. Many of the advisers have requestec? additional as- sistance and training in the use of these important outlets."
Dean Rusk also indicated that McDermott would assist the editorial office in initiating research studies aimed at determining the effectiveness of various methods of reaching people with educa- tional information.
HR:bb -30-
Spray Operators to Hear About New Chemicals for Weed Control
URBANA--New chemicals for weed control is one of four topics to be covered by L. M. Stabler, federal agronomist, at the 4th Cus- tom Sprayers' Training School to be held January 24-25 at the Illi- nois College of Agriculture.
Stabler 's other three subjects are soil sterilants, TCA for grass control and livestock poisoning from weeds sprayed with 2,4-D.
Program chairman H. B. Petty says Stabler is one of five out-of-state authorities on the program. They come from Ohio, In- diana, Missouri, Wisconsin and Michigan.
Preharvest sprays, brush control, spittlebug control, seeding rye and legumes by airplane, and latest weed and insect con- trol recommendations are other subjects on the program. About 200 custom sprayers and others are expected to attend the conference. There is a $1.00 registration fee.
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Radio News
ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 16, 1952
Smaller Forage Seed Supplies Likely
URBANA--The general trend toward smaller production of le- gume and grass seed is likely to continue during 1951, according to a report today from the Illinois College of Agriculture,
Agricultural economist G. L. Jordan and graduate student W. M. Herr say that the 1951 United States production of red clover, alsike, alfalfa, lespedeza, sweet clover and timothy--all six--was 27 percent smaller than for 1950, and about the same as the 19^0-49 average.
They feel that smaller production is likely again this year due to the current emergency and resulting economic situation. Em- phasis will probably continue on production of food and feed crops, especially if the price of these crops rises faster than the price of forage seeds.
Illinois growers received lower prices in 1951 f*or red clover, sweet clover, timothy and redtop seed than the 1945-^9 aver- age, while prices of alsike and lespedeza were up.
Seasonal price rises from harvest time to sowing time have averaged 50 percent in Illinois for sweet clover, 23 percent for red clover and 42 percent for timothy. These figures apply to the years 193^-50, excluding the war and price control years.
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Illinois Farm Nevs - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 16, 1952
Small Tovns Can Survive by Providing for Farmers' Needs
URBANA- -Small towns with populations under 2,500 can sur- vive the competition from larger cities by specializing in providing the immediate services that farmers need.
C. L. Folse, rural sociologist in the Illinois College of Agriculture, says these services include excellent machinery repair shops, banks, local elevators, groceries, drugstores and medical service. Farmers need these services from day to day. They can be provided more economically in smaller towns than in larger ones, but they must be equal in quality to those obtainable in larger towns. Folse adds that village residents must make farmers feel that they are a part of the community. The interests of the two groups depend so much on each other that each can profit in many ways by improved relationships and efforts toward improving community life.
Folse warns that farmers will take their business else- where if small towns do not meet their needs.
-30- LJN:bb
Feed Best Hay to Highest Producing Cows
URBANA--If your supply of good-quality hay is limited, feed it to the highest producing cows.
That's the suggestion of C. 3. Rhode, University of Illinois dairyman, in helping dairy farmers stretch their hay supply as far as possible. Because of a rainy summer last year, there is more than the normal amount of second-rate hay on hand.
Rhode says an abundance of good hay, fed with the right grain mixture, will really step up production. He says that adding molasses to low-quality hay at the rate of 1 to 2 pounds per cow each day will improve the palatability of the hay.
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l/ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JANUARY 17, 1952
:Good Care of the Ewe Saves Lambs — Increases Profits
URBANA--Your profits in sheep raising vill depend on the number and weight of animals you sell. And good care of the ewe at ilambing will increase your profits by saving more lambs for the mar- Iket.
U. S. Garrigus, head of the sheep work in the Illinois Col- lege of Agriculture, says the ewe needs plenty of good-quality rough- ages to eat after she comes off pasture; and, after lambing, plenty r>f clean water with the chill removed.
For roughages, Garrigus suggests feeding legume hay or grass silage alone, or corn silage supplemented with protein and limestone. A grain supplement, which can be a mixture of corn and oats, should be added to the ration about a month before lambing. Peed each ewe from 1/2 to 3/4 pound of mixture each day until lambing.
Separate the ewes that are about to lamb, and visit their quarters frequently. Garrigus says you can probably save some lambs out of each crop by just being there if something goes wrong.
After lambing, hurdle the ewe and her lamb in a pen by them- selves 30 they can get used to each other. When the ewe is running with her lamb, double the feed she was getting before lambing.
One other tip: Provide a non-drafty creep for the lambs, with clean, dry bedding and the choicest feed in the rack.
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Last General Session Speaker Completes Program
URBANA--Parm and Home Week program for January 28-31 at the \ Illinois College of Agriculture was completed today when Dr. Reuben
Hill, noted authority on family living, was secured to address the
general session on Wednesday, January 30. ' Program chairman G. L. Jordan says Dr. Hill's topic is "The
^ Rural Family in the Present Situation." ' Dr. Hill has had about 15 years of experience in at least 10 states in teaching courses in marriage and the family to college students and in private counseling and research. He is at present on the staff of the University of North Carolina.
The sociologist has taught at the University of V/isconsin, Iowa State College, the University of South Dakota and during summer sessions at the University of California, the University of West Virginia and Columbia University. He also has led family life in- stitutes in Iowa, Virginia, West Virginia, Colorado, Illinois, Utah and North Carolina. And he has written or co-authored five books and numerous articles in popular magazines.
With his background and in today's tense times, Dr. Hill's
talk should be especially appropriate and helpful for everyone.
Other general session speakers are Dean H. P. Rusk of the College of Agriculture on Monday, January 28, speaking on "Our Ac- complishments and the Job Ahead;" Tuesday, General C. W. Christenberry on ''Time in the Military Service Is Not Wasted;" and Thursday, a lec- ture-demonstration on "Atomic Energy in Agriculture" by 0. L. Comar of the Atomic Energy Commission.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
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COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, JANUARY l8, 1952
i^evls Receives Special Sears Scholarship
URBANA--A special $200 scholarship in the Illinois College Df Agriculture has been awarded by Sears Roebuck and Company to Charles E, Lewis, son of Mr. and Mrs. Dana Lewis, Hersman, Brown soimty, announces assistant dean C. D. Smith.
Charles was named the outstanding freshman winner of a Sears scholarship and thus received the special award for sophomores.
Charles is the seventh child in a family of nine children. jiBoth of his parents graduated from the Illinois College of Agriculture, tnd except for two younger sisters all of the Lewis children have jjjither graduated from or are now attending their parents' alma mater.
Four freshman girls studying Jiome economics and 15 freshman ind sophomore boys majoring in agriculture received Sears scholarships this school year.
The four girls are Rita Dite, Manhattan; Joyce Paw, Wash- burn; Mrs. Florence White McMahan, Lerna; and Jean Ringenberg, Chicago.
Freshman boys winning scholarships were Marlon F. Brink, jQlden Ea^le; James W. Buxton, Sullivan; Allen Q. Cole, Palmyra;
Kenneth G. Comer, Casey; Jon F. Ellis, Fenfleld; David L. King,
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Plalnf leld; Charles J. Rlcketts, Oswego; Gerald L. Ross, Greenfield; Hershel D. Sanders, Christopher; Jerry R. Steffen, Carlock; and William N. Weber, McHenry .
Sophomore scholarship winners were Robert W. Adams, Allen- dale; George R. Lander, Danvers; William E. Weingart, Jr., Lincoln; and Lewis, All four young men received Sears awards as freshmen.
Each scholarship is worth from $100 to $200. Awards are based on scholarship, leadership, and financial need. This is the 15th year of Sears awards at the University of Illinois. ijN:bb -30-
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Spittlebug Control Ma.jor Topic at Custom Sprayers' School
URBANA--C. R. Weaver, assistant entomologist at the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, will discuss spittlebug control at the 4th Custom Sprayers' Training School January 24-25 at the Illinois .TjCollege of Agriculture.
Program chairman H. B. Petty says Weaver has done some of the most outstanding work in the country on the control of spittle- bugs--the insects which threaten to become a major legume pest in Illinois next year.
Brush control, methods of spraying brush and livestock poi- soning from weeds sprayed with 2,4-D are some of the topics to be iiscussed by other specialists from Purdue University, Dow Chemical Company and the U. S. Department of Agriculture.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, JANUARY 19 71952
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Growing Grass Through Asphalt l3 Farm and Home Week Topic
URBANA- -Growing grass through asphalt is one of eight in- teresting progress reports on agronomy research at the University of Illinois to be given during the 51st Farm and Home Week, January 28-
31.
M. B. Russell, head of agronomy work, will preside at the Thursday afternoon agronomy research revue January 31*
A light spray of special asphalt on newly seeded grass waterways, lawns and roadside shoulders has given encouraging re- sults in controlling erosion and helping the seeding start growing well. It looks, from three years of tests, as if the grasses will grow readily through the asphalt.
Other topics on the two-hour session include chemical de- foliation, effects of growth hormones on corn, fertilizing plants by spraying nitrogen on the leaves, new corn hybrids, a freak strain of soybeans without nodules to fix nitrogen, and clay as the soil "bank."
These are only eight of about 300 reports given on all phases of farming at Farm and Home Week.
Besides information, there is entertainment too--Music and Drama festival, square dancing at the winter festival, and banquets for stockmen, seedsmen, turkey raisers, rural pastors, farm record keepers and several other groups.
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Illinois Farm Nevs - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, JANUARY 19, 1952
University Expands Tractor Valve Study
URBANA--YOU may have less tractor valve trouble in the future if an expanded research program at the Illinois College of Agriculture is successful.
Tests are nov being conducted on 10 farm tractors to find the causes and cures of tractor valve troubles. Soon 60 tractors used in normal farm operations will be on test.
Here's hov the test will be run: Twenty farm tractors in the Champa ign-Urbana area will be equipped to operate on "white" gasoline, with alcohol-water injection devices to prevent knocking by this low octane fuel. Another 10 tractors will be equipped with exhaust valve rotators, in addition to the 10 that have already been on test with this device.
Twenty other tractors operated with the usual valves and normal fuels will be included as part of the test to check on the results obtained on the test tractors.
The expansion to 60 tractors results from a $22,570 grant to the department of agricultural engineering at the University of Illinois and the USDA Northern Regional Research Laboratories at Peoria.
George E. Pickard, head of power and machinery studies at the University, will supervise the research. Dean Hopkins, 1950 graduate in agricultural engineering, has been appointed research assistant to carry on the expanded project, which was started in 1948.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JANUARY 21, 1952
Use of Atom By-Products to Be Shovn at Farm and Home Week
URBANA--The most interesting of about 300 reports at Farm and Home Week, January 28-3I, at the Illinois College of Agriculture could very well be the last session on the program, believes program chairman G. L. Jordan.
Winding up the four-day program is a lecture-demonstration on "Atomic Energy and Agriculture," by Dr. C. L. Comar, laboratory director of the Atomic Energy Commission.
By using radioactive carbon, which gives off harmless amounts of atomic rays, and feeding it to a plant, scientists can follow that carbon through the plant and know exactly where it Is and how the plant is using it at all times. That's why radioactive carbon and other such plant foods are called "tracers."
The same principle can be applied to studying how animals use various nutrients. The calcium, for instance, is "tagged" with radioactive rays, and the nutrient is then followed through the ani- mal and measured with ordinary photographic plates or Geiger counters.
Dr. Comar '3 lecture-demonstration will show several example? of how atomic energy by-products are being used in agricultural exper- iments now. Some work was done at Illinois with radioactive phos- phorus on oats last summer.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RSLEA3E MONDAY, JANUARY 21, 1952
Proper Feeding Prevents Ketosis in Eves
URBANA--A University of Illinois veterinarian points out that proper nutrition for ewes now will help to prevent ketosis at lambing time.
Dr. Jesse Sampson, of the College of Veterinary Medicine, says ketosis, also called pregnancy disease, is mainly a problem of good feeding and management. Unless the ewe gets enough carbohy- drates in her feed, she uses too much of her body fat and develops the disease.
.J. The veterinarian says that if ketosis occurs it's usually during the fourth or fifth month of pregnancy.
One safeguard is to give the ewe liberal amounts of good
legume hay and one-fourth pound of grain daily, beginning the eighth
to sixth week before lambing. Increase the grain slowly to one po^ond
a day during the fourth to second weeks.
Dr. Sampson adds that a moderate amount of exercise is also desirable. One way to get ewes to exercise when the weather permits is to feed them some distance away from the shed.
LEA:lw -30-
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Leaf Spraying Is on Program for Custom Sprayers
URBANA- -Spraying liquid nitrogen on plants is a new method of fertilizing that is attracting lots of attention. And that's one of 25 topics to be covered during the 4th Custom Sprayers' Training School set for January 24-25 at the Illinois College of Agriculture.
Program chairman H. B. Petty adds that one of the most helpful sessions should be a 'bull session" on problems of commercial sprayers, the operators themselves making up the panel to lead the discussion.
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I'ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 1952
Re3olutlon--Rld Your Dairy Herd of Brucellosis
URBANA--Here '3 a tip for dairymen who still haven't made a New Year's resolution: If your dairy herd has brucellosis, start getting rid of the disease right away.
Dr. G. T. Woods, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says even a magician won't be able to help you if you delay starting to rid your dairy herd of brucellosis. After January 1, 1955, Grade A milk must come from brucellosis-free cows.
"Nearly 20 percent of the dairy herds and 5-1/2 percent of
the cattle in Illinois have brucellosis," Dr. Woods says. "In some I dairy herds it will take several years to raise replacements for
cows that should be marketed. That's why eradication programs should
be started now."
Dr. Woods advises that if you have a brucellosis-free herd now you take every precaution to keep it that way. If you have an Infected herd, see your veterinarian about starting an eradication program. And write to the University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, Urbana, for Circular 55^ on brucellosis in cattle.
And here's another tip: If you buy replacements for your herd, the safest ones to get are tested, brucellosis-free, unbred heifers.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 1952
Cash Grain Sales Volume Goes Up 75 Percent Since 1935
URBANA --Marketings of cash grain have increased more than sales of any other farm product in Illinois during the past 15 years.
L. J. Norton, University of Illinois agricultural economist, today pointed out that the increase from 1935 to 1950 was from 204 million to 359 million bushels, or 75 percent. Few people realize that this major change has taken place.
Norton says the only product which approached cash grain in rate of increase was eggs, which went up 50 percent in sales from 1940 to 1950.
The increase in cash grain sales represents the growing use of Illinois soybeans, corn and oats in industry, in foreign countries and as feed in other parts of our country. LJN:bb -30-
225 Expected at Sprayers Meeting
I.
URBANA--About 225 persons are expected tomorrow at the open- ing of the 4th Custom Sprayers' Training School at the Illinois Col- lege of Agriculture, reports program chairman H. B. Petty.
Among the 27 toj los on the two-day program are insect round- up, latest weed control recommendations, and around the calendar with I herbicides. Others are brush control, preharvest sprays, spittlebug control, leaf spraying of fertilizers, new things in livestock in- sect control, anci airplane seeding of rye and legumes.
^ All are designed to furnish latest facts on all phases of
custom spray work so that operators can do the most effective job.
One especially helpful session should be a panel discussion by the operators themselves on Thursday evening. They will talk about their problems and how some men have solved them. In preceding conferences this "bull session" has been one of the most popular periods .
-30- LJNrbb 1-18-52
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Radio News
ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23, 1952
High Crop Yields Moat Important for High Earnings
URBANA--Por most farmers the most Important way to keep net farm earnings high during the next 10, 20 or 30 years will be to grow high crop yields.
That's the conclusion of M. L. Mosher, retired farm manage- ment specialist in the Illinois College of Agriculture with 45 years of experience. He reached this conclusion after visiting a number of north-central Illinois farmers to study their methods. These men
tad grown the highest 10-year average yields of all corn, soybeans _nd oats.
Mosher found during these visits that all eight of the fol- lowing things are needed to grow the highest crop yields:
1. Sound drainage and erosion control programs
2. Soil testing and use of needed plant foods
3. Use of legume-grass crops to improve soil fertility
4. Careful use of all animal manures
5. Careful attention to seedbed preparation
6. Careful selection and preparation of seed
7. Careful planting and cultivation
8. Careful handling of all crops harvested, fed down, or used for soil improvement.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23, 1952
Machine Saves Manpower in Setting Posts
URBANA--YOU will be able to set fence posts four times as fast with a new power post-driving machine as you can by the hand setting method.
You'll also be able to see this machine in action during Farm and Home Week at the University of Illinois. Foresters will put in a section of fence on January 29 and 31 at 2 p.m. east of the ag-
tricultural engineering building. j J. J. Jokela, forestry assistant at the University, reports that two men using the new machine set 30 or more wooden fence posts an hour in tests. This is about four times as fast as hand setting, and almost three times as fast as power digging. It is also faster than hand-driving steel fence posts, and much less actual hand labor is involved. The machine also drives steel posts.
Jokela believes these new machines will operate well under L
Illinois conditions. His experience with them indicates that power- driving will work under almost any condition of soil and topography except on very steep slopes or on very stony soils,
Illinois farmers now use about 20 million fence posts every f year. Any new labor-saving device for setting fence posts will save
many man-hours of labor every year.
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i ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JANUARY 24, 1952
Community Service Awards to Be Made at Farm and Home Week
URBANA- -Presentation of community service awards to seven counties will highlight the Rural Youth program of Farm and Home Week January 28-3I at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture. i' Seven scholarships totaling $2,200 will be awarded to rural youth groups from seven counties for their outstanding community serv- ice work during 1951. The scholarships are worth $250, $300 or $400 each. Any high school graduate living in each of the winning counties is eligible to apply for the scholarship to the University of Illinois for the 1952-53 school year.
S. A. Robert of the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio railroad will pre- sent the awards at the Rural Youth luncheon on Monday, January 28. The G.M.& 0. sponsors the program in 30 Illinois counties which it serves. Seventeen counties entered the 1951 contest.
Judges for the contest were H. Clay Tate, editor of the Bloomington Pantagraph; Mrs. A. R. Raohlfing, Farmington, immediate past president of the Illinois Federation of Women's clubs; and Paul Johnson, editor of Prairie Farmer.
Another rural youth feature will be reports from Viva Moody, Whiteside county, and Rosemary Archibald, Will county, International Farm Youth Exchange delegates from Illinois, who spent last summer living and working on various European farms .
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JANUARY 24, 1952 Hov Heavy Should I Feed Hogs?
URBANA--A University of Illinois livestock specialist today offered some suggestions on how heavy to feed hogs with the market seasonally low and with corn prices fairly high,
Harry Russell says there are three things to remember:
1. As you probably know, it takes more corn to put a pound of gain on a 25C-pound hog than on a 200-pound hog.
2. Heavy hogs generally sell for a lower price than hogs of moderate weight.
3. The market, of course, may go up or down.
Russell says it takes 4.5 bushels of corn to put 50 pounds of gain on a 200-pound hog, but it takes 4.9 bushels to put the same gain on a 275-pound hog.
Figuring prices at $2 for corn and $20 for hogs, here's what hogs of various weights today would have to bring a month from now to pay for the extra gain: 200-pound hogs, $20.50 a hundredweight; 225- pound hogs, $20.55 a hundredweight; 250-pound hogs, $20.67 a hundred- weight; and 275-pound hogs, $20.69 a hundredweight.
These figures would work the same way with the prices at $18.50 for hogs and $1.85 for corn, or at any other 10-to-l ratio.
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MERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, 1952
Vide Variety In Program at Farm and Home Week
URBANA--Everythlng from movies of the Rose Bowl game to a discussion of the soundness of today's high farm land prices is on the program for Farm and Home Week January 28-31 at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
G. L. Jordan, program chairman, said today that all details for the 4-day event were virtually complete. Now it's up to the weatherman. Snow and storms are sure to cut attendance, as they did ■fjlast year, when only about 3,500 persons registered. But good weather will boost attendance to around 5,000, which is normal.
Movies of the Illinois 40-7 win over Stanford in the Rose
Bowl will be one of about 15 kinds of entertainment which everyone can
enjoy Monday night, January 28, at the annual Illini Union Open House.
Discussing farm land prices Wednesday afternoon will be an insurance company vice president, the proprietor of an Illinois farm mortgage company and a University agricultural economist.
♦^ Of special interest to farm women and to consumers general- ly is a demonstration on meat selection and preparation on Wednesday morning by University meats specialist Sleeter Bull and Miss Reba Staggs of the National Livestock and Meat Board, and a report on a liljnational survey showing what consumers want in meat.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, 1952 Overeating May Be Deadly for Feeder Lambs
URBANA--A DeWitt county farmer found that overeating disease In his feeder lambs could be expensive. He lost 13 choice feeder lambs to the disease recently.
Dr. P. D. Beamer, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says lambs that make "hogs" of themselves at the feed bunk are the ones that usually have the disease. He explains:
"When a lamb overeats on concentrates, certain bacteria in the intestines give off a poison that kills the lamb. Most lambs have the bacteria--the trouble starts when they eat too much,"
Your biggest and best lambs are usually the ones that get the disease. They have more chance to overeat because they can push between smaller lambs at the bunk and eat their feed too.
To avoid overeating troubles, see that each lamb has plenty of bunk space and that the hay rack is kept filled with good quality hay. Lambs that eat plenty of hay aren't quite so hungry when feeding time comes.
Another thing, vaccination against overeating disease helps to reduce losses. Veterinarians emphasize, however, that vaccination still is no substitute for good feeding practices.
Owners of large flocks sometimes escape serious trouble another way. They sort their lambs for size so that each animal in a group has the same opportunity to get up to the feed bunk.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, JANUARY 26, 1952
Tvo New Features Popular at 1952 Legume-Grass Shows
URBANA--TWO new features are proving popular in the 1952 Illinois Legume -Grass Winter Show, now touring the state to promote wider use of legume-grass mixtures.
They are a question-and-answer period between visiting farmers and College of Agriculture specialists, and a discussion with prize winners in the hay and silage contest en "how I did it."
Harry Russell, extension livestock specialist, says about 800 persons attended the first four county meetings in Cumberland, Clark, Crawford and l^abash counties last week; and attendance should be at least that high at meetings this week in Edwards, White, Saline and Jefferson counties.
Last year the sh^w, made up of 10 big, colored exhibits showing how to grow and use more legume-grass crops more profitably, Ivisited 32 counties, where some 9,000 persons saw it. It is sponsored by the University of Illinois agricultural extension service. The same show is visiting 33 new counties this year between January 15 and March 15.
The hay and silage contest again is a big drawing card, says Russell. In Clark county 37 hay and 12 silage samples were entered. A quiz show with questions taken from information on the 10 exhibits also has been well received.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, JANUARY 26, 1952 Vaccination No Oure-All for Brucellosis in Cattle
URBANA- -Vaccination is a valuable aid in checking brucel- losis in your cattle herd, but don't expect it to do the whole job.
Dr. G. T. Woods, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says vaccination should never be substituted for blood testing, removal or isolation of infected cattle, strict sanitation and good herd management.
Vaccination is usually not recommended for adult cattle. When calves are vaccinated, most of them will not react to the blood test when they become adult cattle
Dr. Woods says vaccination is no cure-all. For this rea- son, it should not be started until you and your veterinarian have planned how to utilize the other steps in a good control program, LEA:bb -30-
Two Illinois Counties Awarded 4-H Merit Plaques
URBANA --Champaign and Whiteside counties have won 4-H merit plaques for outstanding work in farm safety and farm electricity in the state last year.
The General Motors award was given to Champaign county for
its farm and home safety program. Over 200 4-H'ers took an active
part in this project,
Westinghouse Educational Foundation awarded the merit plaque to Whiteside county for its farm electric program. Twplve of the 1? Whiteside 4-H Clubs had 55 members enrolled in this project.
Both programs were under the supervision of the Illinois Extension Service.
-30- MCDibb 1-23-52
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VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JANUARY 28, 1952
Clean Farm Shop Is Safer
URBANA--Cut down accidents in your farm shop by keeping the place clean and storing the tools and equipment systematically.
J. W. Mathews, executive secretary of the Illinois Rural Safety Council, says that orderliness, along with good lighting and safe tools and equipment, will make work in your farm shop safer.
Have plenty of light over your work centers . Be sure to provide good ventilation to keep harmful fumes from accumulating while you are working.
Mathews offers these five suggestions for controlling fire hazards:
1. See that your shop' s' heating equipment is installed correctly and is operating right.
2. Be careful when you store or use inflam- mable liquids.
3. Repair any defective electric appliances or wiring.
4. Don't let oily rags accumulate.
5. Keep a fire extinguisher in the shop.
When you're welding, wear protective gloves and face shields. Make sure there are no materials near welding equipment that might be ignited from sparks or welding flames.
-30- MCDrbb 1-23-52
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JANUARY 28, 1952
Three New Oat Varieties, One of Wheat Announced
URBANA--Three new varieties of oats will be available in 1953 in small quantities to a few specialized seed producers to in- crease supplies.
And Saline wheat, a new high-yielding variety, will be avail- able to farmers generally for fall planting in 1952.
This report was given today by plant breeder 0. T. Bennett in the University of Illinois to a Farm and Home week audience. The 4-day session began today.
LaSalle, one of the three new oat varieties, has been high- yielding in northern Illinois and has some resistance to race 45 of crown rust. It comes from a cross between Marion and Clinton types.
Missouri 205, developed at the Missouri Experiment Station, is high-yielding, has excellent test weight and shows strong resis- tance to race 45 of crown rust.
The third variety, as yet unnamed, is a cross between Clin- ton and Santa Fe varieties. Bennett explains that Santa Fe is con- sidered a poor variety for Illinois, but it has unusual resistance to race 45 of crown rust. The development program has attempted to com- bine the good qualities of Clinton variety, which has little resistance to race 45, with the superior resistance of Santa Fe.
As for wheat, the plant breeder says about 1,000 bushels of Saline have been planted by qualified seed producers to increase sup- plies, and about 20,000 bushels should be available from those growers this summer after harvest. Saline has had an outstanding yield record during 7 years of field tests. It has excellent-quality grain and stiff straw and often yields better than Royal and Vigo, two popular varieties. -30-
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VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JANUARY 29, 1952
Economist Looks for Lower Grain Prices
URBANA--An agricultural economist at the University of Illi- nois says he expects grain prices to work down rather than up during the course of 1952 .
Speaking at the University's Farm and Home Week today, econo- mist L. J. Norton said the final outcome on '52 grain prices "will turn on the size of the grain crops this year." Here are some of the forces which he explained would probably have a depressing effect on grain prices.
First of all, farmers will start harvesting the '52 winter wheat crop in about four months. It's only a little over five months to the beginning of oat harvest.
"These new crops," Norton points out, "will cast their shad- ows ahead onto the market."
Canadian farmers still have a part of their 1951 wheat crop
to harvest, and this job will start as soon as the snow goes off the
Canadian fields. At about this same time, the Great Lakes will open
to navigation and Canadian wheat will compete more freely in the world
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This Canadian competition Is coupled with the fact that the United States has sold a large part of the quota of wheat under the International Wheat Agreement. This Is "bargain" wheat. On each bushel this government pays a subsidy of about 60 to 65 cents a bushel, which reduces the price to the foreign buyer.
Norton says that while It Is true that two other wheat ex- porters, Australia and Argentina, are short of wheat and that non- European countries are taking more wheat than they formerly did, these conditions are well known and "have long been discounted Into the price."
The corn supply picture stacks up something like. this:
The 1951 crop appears to have been well below the likely use of corn during the 1951-52 crop year. And much of the crop was of low quality because of the early frosts in parts of the Corn Belt. For these reasons, many people think the market for good corn will work higher during the season.
Balancing this outlook, however, is the fact that the corn supply situation has been well known for some time and probably has been fully discounted in the market price picture. There also will be some reduction in livestock and poultry feeding this year. And it is likely that the government will be under pressure to move more of its CCC-held corn into active supply channels.
With both sides of the picture in mind, Norton says that he
believes we have seen about the peak of the corn market and that
prices are more likely to ease off than to go higher.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 30, 1952
Rid Young Calves of Horns
URBANA--A University of Illinois veterinarjan says horns are all right on automobiles, but they're often troublesome on cattle.
Dr. L. R. Bain says a good time to dehorn your calves is vhen they're 7 to 10 days old. Dehorning young calves is much more simple and humane than dehorning adult cattle, and all you need is a commercial paste or liquid or a caustic stick. But be careful that the mixture doesn't run into the calf's face or eyes.
Calves more than two months old can be dehorned with an electric dehorner, a horn gouge or a tube dehorner. The important thing about using any method is to do a thorough job and not leave a horn fragment that may grow into a stub.
Many cattle owners have found that it works well to dehorn right after calving time in the spring before flies come and before the herd is turned out to pasture.
Breeders of polled dairy and beef cattle say they have another solution to the horn problem. Their advice is to raise polled cattle so that you won't be troubled with horns in the first place.
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FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 30, 1952
Research Helps Solve Corn Fertilizer Problems
URBANA--A University of Illinois soils specialist today out- lined some of the ways in which research is helping to answer practi- cal questions raised by farmers.
P. E. Johnson told a Farm and Home Week audience that farmers in the southern part of the state, for example, have a special fertilizer problem in getting high yields of corn. The area generally south of Mattoon is naturally low in limestone, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen.
Farmers in this area wanted to know what fertilizers to use and what results to expect. They also wanted to know whether clover would do a satisfactory job of supplying nitrogen for corn.
To get the answers, soils research workers initiated a series of experiments on test fields of 10 to 20 acres each, located on actual farms in the problem area.
Here are some of the facts the tests turned up:
1. Muriate of potash, applied on plowed ground and disked in ahead of corn planting, gave close to peak yields on those fields that had been limed and phosphated and had grown clover the year before.
2. Corn yield increases for starter fertilizer were in di- rect relation to the potash content of the soil when used on low-potash soils in the presence of either legumes or commercial nitrogen.
3. Red clover, sweet clover and other legumes supplied a
high amount of nitrogen to corn grown on low-nitrogen soils.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JANUARY 31, 1952
Feed Right Amount of Antibiotic
URBANA-- Research shows that 10 grams of a good antibiotic in I ton of feed are enough. If you feed more, your ration is more ex- pensive than it needs to be.
That's the advice of G. R. Carlisle, livestock specialist at :he University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
Carlisle points out that extensive research shows that aureo- uycin, terramycin, bacitracin and procaine penicillin are all effec- ive when fed at the rate of 5 milligrams per pound of total ration, "•ive milligrams per pound equals 10 grams per ton.
Feed control laws now require that antibiotic carriers be abeled with the number of grams of antibiotic per pound. If the car- 'ler you buy contains 2 grams of antibiotic per pound, you'll want •.0 put 5 pounds of the carrier in each ton of total ration. If the arrier contains 5 grams of antibiotic per pound, you'll need only 2 )Ounds of the carrier per ton.
If you mix your antibiotic in your protein supplement first,
ou'll need to add 45 grams of the antibiotic to each ton of supple-
lent .
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1952
Tips on Keeping Basement Dry
URBANA--A basement with wet feet Is a curse to the home- owner. While a magic wand won't make the basement dry, here are some tips that may help. They come from housing specialist Keith Hlnchcliff at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
The most obvious cure is to build a dry basement to start with. That means tile drainage for the footing and perhaps diagonal tile lines under the basement floor to the footing tile. It also means a sound, water-proof concrete or masonry wall, with one or two water-proof coatings on the outside of the wall.
A good poured concrete wall, properly cured, will be about
as watertight as you can build a basement wall. With masonry walls,
make sure the tiles or blocks are laid with full mortar joints of
waterproof mortar.
If you already have a basement that leaks, check first to see whether the roof water is carried away with downspouts onto splash blocks or into a tile drain. Your lawn should be graded to slope away from the house foundation too.
Waterproof water cement paints for interior basement walls are inexpensive and effective when they are properly applied and cured .
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/ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1952
New Mum Varieties Bred at Urbana
URBANA- -Remember those eye-catching chrysanthemums you saw the other day in the florist's window display? Chances are they were bred and developed at the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station in Urbana .
C. J. Birkelandj head of the department of horticulture at the University of Illinois, reports that a chrysanthemum breeding pro- gram was started at the experiment station in 1908. Since that time 78 new varieties of greenhouse mums have been released to the florist Industry.
In 1953 "the horticulture department plans to introduce five more mum varieties. And I3 new seedlings have been placed on trial for possible introduction in 195^.
In addition to the work with mum varieties, breeding pro- grams are in progress on carnations, African violets, snapdragons, amaryllis and freesias.
Besides its flower development, the experiment station has bred sweet corn hybrids, tomatoes, lima beans, peaches, a strawberry, an apple, a Persisn (English) walnut and a hulless popcorn variety.
At the present time there are 47 research projects in proc- ess at the station. Out of these will come new varieties of vege- tables, fruits, and flowers which you may enjoy in the future.
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FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1952 Illinois Farm News - 2
Advance Planning, Ordering for Windbreak Pays
URBANA--If you're planning to put In a windbreak this spring, you'll save time and money if you first map out the exact location of the trees and figure the number you'll need. Then order the trees well in advance of planting time so that you'll get the ones you want.
W» F. Bulkley, extension forester at the Illinois College of Agriculture, says the best location for a windbreak is on the north and west sides of your farmstead; and the best time for plant- ing extends from the last week in March to the first week in May.
If the job looks too big to complete this spring, spread it out over two years. The comfort and protection an established wind- break will give your farmstead will more than make up for the work and expense involved in starting it.
For extra help in planning a windbreak, ask your farm ad- viser for Circular 38, "Windbreaks for Illinois Farmsteads." He'll also have a copy of a booklet, "Trees for Windbreak Planting, Spring, 1952," which lists the trees available from Illinois nurseries.
And if you get a chance, visit a well-established wind- break. Your farm adviser will know the location of some in your county .
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COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, FEBRUARY k, 1952
Classes Begin in New Veterinary Science Building at University
(Note to editor: Enclosed is a mat which you may wish to use to illustrate the story. In the picture are four freshman veteri- nary students learning the structure of a chicken as the second se- mester anatomy class begins in the new College of Veterinary Medicine building. With Professor L. E. St. Clair are Wallace E. Brandt, Col- fax; John D. Clayton, Polo; Charles M. Josephson, Roseville; and James E. Fitzgerald, Paris.)
a URBANA --Veterinary education in Illinois took one more step forward today when second semester classes began in the newly com- pleted veterinary science building at the University of Illinois Col- lege of Veterinary Medicine.
Dr. Robert Graham, dean of the veterinary college, says the lew four-story structure is one of the finest in the United States for training veterinarians. Of modern design, it has facilities for teach- ing, research and diagnosis of animal diseases.
Moving into the new building started in January from a former residence which had been used temporarily to house several of the col- lege's offices and teaching and research laboratories. Funds were ap- propriated for the building by the state legislature in 19^9, and construction started in March 1950.
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Veterinary students will be taught basic science courses In the building. These courses Include anatomy, histology, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, bacteriology and parasitology, as well as lecture courses in veterinary clinical medicine.
The clinic and hospital of the veterinary college is housed in a forty -year-old remodeled cattle barn. Dean Graham says. Third- and fourth-year students will continue to be taught clinical and hos- pital courses in the remodeled barn until a new clinic and hospital building is provided. Funds for this building have not been requested by the University's board of trustees.
The recently completed veterinary science building will accommodate full classes, but smaller classes roust be accepted to pre- vent swamping the present meager clinical facilities in medicine and surgery provided for teaching third- and fourth-year students.
The veterinary college, the newest college at the University of Illinois, was established by the board of trustees in 19^^. The first class of 24 veterinary students was admitted in 19^8, and in June 1952 it will become the first class to be graduated from the University. All students at the college are residents of Illinois, and most of them are veterans of World War II.
Two years of preveterlnary instruction are required for ad-
nission to the four-year professional veterinary curriculum. The six
/"ears of training will qualify Illinois veterinary students to give
/aluable service to agriculture in the control of animal diseases and
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/ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1952
Guard Against Undulant Fever at Calving, Farrowing Time
URBANA--A University of Illinois veterinarian says a 60 cent investment In a pair of rubber gloves to wear when handling newly born pigs and calves is cheap insurance for farmers against the danger of undulant fever.
Dr. G. T. Woods, College of Veterinary Medicine, says several Illinois farmers ran up good-sized hospital and doctor bills when they were sick with undulant fever. They traced the disease to handling young pigs or calves whose mothers had brucellosis.
It's easy for dairymen and swine raisers to take an "it can't happen to me" attitude toward undulant fever, Dr. Woods says. But 445 persons in Illinois were ill many weeks during 1S51 because they didn't bother to take precautions against the disease. Often it takes years to completely recover from undulant fever.
It's also much safer to call your veterinarian to treat a cow which has not cleaned properly after calving, instead of trying to do the work yourself. Often the reason for the trouble is that the cow has brucellosis. In this case it's better to let someone do the job who has had experience in protecting himself against the
disease.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1952
Use Freezer or Locker Economically
URBANA--Use your locker or home freezer like a food check- ing account with frequent deposits and withdrawals,
W. J. Wills, livestock marketing specialist at the Illinois College of Agriculture, says real economy in storing frozen foods comes from constant use of the locker or freezer. There's no point In filling the freezer once a year and leaving the food in it for so long that it's barely edible. The value of frozen food doesn't In- crease with time like the value of a savings account.
Frozen foods storage and processing is getting to be "big business" in Illinois, according to Wills.
Last year ICO million pounds of meat were processed for frozen storage by Illinois' 552 locker plants. The plants alone rep- resent an investment of over $16 million, and the processed meat was probably worth more than $6 million. About 72 percent of it was for storage in commercial lockers and the remainder for home freezer use.
Wills says that storage and processing costs were fairly uniform throughout the state last year. Over 86 percent of the drawers in locker plants rented for $1^ a year or less, and about SO percent of the firms charged 4 cents or less to process each pound of looa.
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ERSiTY OF ILLINOIS
Radio News
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 1 , 1952
Scion Stock Available for Nev Apple Variety
URBANA--A new, high-yielding, late-keeping apple variety named Crandall looks promising for Illinois fruit growers, says a report issued today by the University of Illinois College of Agricul- ture .
C. J. Birkeland, head of horticultural work, says scion wood is available now--as long as it lasts--from the Illinois Agri- cultural Experiment Station. And small trees will be available from nurserymen in the fall of 1953'
Four trees producing Crandall variety were planted in a variety test orchard in 1932, and in 1951 they produced 86 bushels of fruit. Birkeland says this is an excellent yield.
The original tree yielded an estimated 55 to 60 bushels last year, which is three or four times a normal yield. However, this tree was never thinned or pruned as trees would be in an orchard.
One outstanding characteristic of Crandall is that it reaches its best quality in late February or mid-March, after most other apple varieties are well past their prime.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1952 Crandall apple - add 1
The Crandall was selected from 46 seedlings derived from a cross of Rome Beauty and Jonathan varieties made in 1914. The cross was made by the late Prof. Charles S. Crandall, who directed fruit breeding work at Illinois for many years.
The tree grows vigorously and forms a rather low-spreading tree of the Rome type, with crotches which seldom split out. The leaves are less susceptible to apple scab than those of either Jona- than or Rome Beauty. Blotch and sooty blotch have not been a problem to date.
Crandall apple has a yellow color with up to 95 percent glossy, medium-red over-color. It usually averages as large as Jona- than or larger. Its flesh is yellowish-white, fine-grained, crisp and juicy. Crandall rates very high either as dessert or cooked.
In storage the Crandall develops a heavy wax over the skin which helps to keep it fresh, firm and moist. It has not shown any spotting of the skin which is so common with Jonathan and Baldwin.
The Crandall hangs well to the tree but may be picked by October 10 at Urbana .
LJNrlw -30-
Danforth Scholarship Awarded Illinois 4-H'er3
URBANA --Two Illinois 4-H'ers have been named 1952 winners of 4-H Danforth scholarship awards covering the cost of a two-week leadership training camp next August near Shelby, Michigan.
Winona Jean LeSeure, 19, Mt. Carmel, Wabash county, and Philip Hobson, 19, Greenfield, Greene county, were selected by the state 4-H Club staff at the University of Illinois to represent the 57,000 Illinois 4-H'ers. I
! The awards, founded by William H. Danforth, feed company iexecutive, are made on the basis of 4-H leadership and activities, scholarship and character. One boy and one girl are selected from each state.
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I'ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1952
Guessing About Poultry Disease Doesn't Pay
URBANA--Flve poultry diseases which may strike your flocks this winter are easily mistaken for one another. They are bronchitis, coryza, Newcastle disease, chronic fowl cholera and laryngotracheitis .
Dr. L. E. Hanson, University of Illinois veterinarian, warns that guessing about these diseases can cause severe losses. If dis- ease strikes, take two or three live, sick birds to your veterinarian .|0r to a diagnostic laboratory. Prompt and correct diagnosis goes a long way toward the control of disease and its future prevention.
To help sick chickens recover, provide good ventilation to assure dry quarters, and keep plenty of good feed and clean water be- fore them. Often a wet mash encourages chickens to eat.
Dr. Hanson says you can control Newcastle disease and laryn- gotracheitis in your future flocks by vaccinating the birds during the nange season. Coryza, bronchitis and fowl cholera can best be con- trolled by shipping all hens to market at the end of the laying season
Strict sanitation in your poultry house helps greatly to
prevent diseases.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1952
Tvro Confusions Explained on Nev Egg-Grading Lav
URBANA--Tvro confusions among farmers about the new Illinois egg-grading law were cleared up today by E. E. Broadbent, University of Illinois egg marketing specialist.
Broadbent says Illinois poultrymen do not have to candle and grade their own eggs before selling them. And they do not need a license of any kind.
Here are four main provisions of the law which went into effect December 5:
All eggs sold at retail or wholesale must be candled. Farm- ers selling direct to consumers or storekeepers do not have to candle their eggs.
All eggs sold at retail must be labeled to show grade (qual- ity) and size (weight), or they must be labeled "ungraded."
For most purposes, five grades of eggs will be sold: A Extra Large, A Large, A Medium, B Large, and ungraded eggs.
Dealers shall be licensed, but farmers need no license.
Broadbent explains that the law requires that tradespeople do the candling. They do not have to grade the eggs: but if they do not, the eggs must be labeled "ungraded" when sold at retail.
Farmers do not have to pay the $1 retail license if they
sell only their own eggs from their own flocks to their own retail
customers .
Many retailers have stopped buying eggs from farmers on a farm-run basis and are buying quality, graded eggs. Studies show that when farmers sell their eggs by U. S. standards and grades- -and stay with it--they get about 6 cents more a dozen. They also improve the quality of their eggs and increase the size of their flocks.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1952
Illinois Timber Supply Is Growing
URBANA — Illinois' timber wealth is increasing every year.
J. N. Spaeth, head of the department of forestry at the University of Illinois, says there is enough marketable timber in the woods of Illinois to build 800,000 six-room homes. That's almost as many homes as will be built next year in the whole country!
But, even better, Illinois is harvesting less than half of its annual timber growth of 400 million board feet of lumber. The rest is being added every year to the estimated timber "reserve" of 10 billion board feet.
Spaeth says Illinois started with Ik million acres of for- est land. At one time overcutting trimmed that down to not much more than 3 million acres. The figure has increased to 4 million acres at the present time, mainly because in recent years Illinois farmers and woodsmen have harvested only part of the timber growth. The rest they have allowed to accumulate as a basis for future growth.
In this way, not only the standing reserve of timber in- creases, but annual production grows too, so that each year more and more will be added to the timber balance.
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Illinois Farm Neva - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1952
Iodine Needed In Brood Sows' Rations
URBANA--Cuts aren't the only things Iodine Is good for. It's also needed In the rations of brood sows. Unless sows get «iough Iodine In their feed, they are apt to farrow weak or dead pigs .
Dr. 0. T. Woods, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says one swine producer lost 50 litters of pigs. A laboratory examination suggested that the losses might have been caused by Iodine deficiency. The remainder of the pregnant sows were supplied with Iodine, and the losses were checked.
Dr. Woods says the soil In the northern part of Illinois and In some of the eastern covmtles Is deficient In Iodine.
You can supply your sows with Iodine by providing them
with stabilized Iodized salt, which Is available at your feed dealer.
Or you can get a medicinal Iodine product from your veterinarian to
mix with the sow's feed.
LEAilw -30-
DHIA Records Help Sell Calf for $350
URBANA--Here'8 another example of how nicely dairy herd Im- provement association records pay off:
Louis Ralston, tester In Schuyler and Brown counties, says one of his loyal DHIA boosters sold a b-month- old Brown Swiss heifer Last fall for $350. That's an excellent price.
The farmer says he could not have sold her at so high a price If he had not had several years' records on her dam, which the 3uyer studied carefully before buying.
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^egume Grass Winter Tour -- One of the finest educational displays
ever exhibited in the state, this show includes 10 big, colored exhibits showing how to grow and use more legume grass crops more profitably. Four extension specialists will be on hand to answer questions while folks see the exhibits. In addition, the program includes a hay and silage quality contest, quiz show, time for discussion and a question-and-answer period. Locations of Legume Grass Winter Tour showing are as follows: Fayette County -- Monday, February 11, 1952 Clinton County -- Tuesday, February 12, 1952 Calhoun County -- Wednesday, February 13, 1952 Greene County -- Thursday, February 14, 1952 i\ Christian County -- Friday, February 15, 1952
For further information, see your local farm adviser.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1952
Feed Savings of Rye Pasture Given
URBANA--The man with a couple acres of good rye pasture for winter and early spring hog pasture is really "in the clover."
D. E. Becker, swine specialist in the Illinois College of /Agriculture , says that on a dry-matter basis rye pasture contains 27 percent protein and 6? percent total digestible nutrients. It also contains plenty of necessary vitamins. These two facts make rye a great feed-saver of concentrates and corn.
For weanling pigs fed about one month in the fall, one
icre of rye saved 270 pounds of concentrate feeds. When stocked with
LO fall pigs carried to 200 pounds, one acre of rye was worth 63I
Dounds of concentrate feeds. During the winter gestation period, one
icre of rye will furnish ample forage for 4 to 6 sows and will replace
.00 pounds of concentrates and 500 pounds of legume hay in their ra-
"ion.
But rye ' 3 greatest value is for early spring pasture. One ere will carry from 12 to 16 sows and litters for the entire nursing )eriod. During this time it will replace 100 bushels of corn and 56O >ound3 of protein supplement.
I Of course, says Becker, you can't do anything now about eeding rye pasture for use this spring. But look at those feed sav- ngs, and then promise yourself you'll seed a couple acres next Aug- 3t 30 that you can be "in the clover" with all the advantages of rye 'asture .
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1952
Don't Buy Bonham, Exeter, or Advance Oat Varieties for Seed
URBANA--Illinoi3 farmers vere warned today by College of Agriculture agronomists to avoid buying three unadapted varieties of oats now being sold in the state.
Crops specialists J. C, Hackleman and W. 0. Scott say that the oat varieties Bonham, Exeter and Advance are not suited to Illi- nois conditions. They are lower in yield, lodge easier, mature later and are more susceptible to diseases than recommended varieties.
Previously the two men had warned that four other unadapted varieties of oats were being sold at fancy prices. They were Larain, Abegweit, Fortune and James Hulless. These four should also be avoided, along with Bonham, Exeter, and Advance, named today.
Varieties recommended for northern and central Illinois are
Clinton, Bonda, Andrew, Marion, and Nemaha. For central Illinois,
Mlndo also is recommended. For southern Illinois, Benton, Columbia,
Andrew and Nemaha are recommended. LJN:lw -30-
4-H and FFA Calf Club Sale Set for Saturday, February 23
URBANA--The date of Saturday, February 23, has been set for the fourth annual 4-H and FFA calf club sale in the Livestock Pavilion at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
C. S. Rhode, extension dairyman, says the sale is one of the best places to get an animal for a dairy project. About 100 head 3f select dairy heifers born after July 1 will be auctioned to 4-H md FFA members. There will be about 20 to 25 calves from the Hol- Jtein, Guernsey, Jersey and Brown Swiss breeds, and 10 to 15 Ayrshires.
The sale is sponsored by the Illinois Purebred Dairy Cattle issociation to help young folks secure excellent project heifers.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1952
More Milk by Letting Cows Drink Plenty of Chill-Free Water
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URBANA--It pays to make it easy for cows to drink plenty of chill-free water during the winter barn-feeding season.
C. S. Rhode, University of Illinois dairyman, says cows will drink water an average of 10 times each day if given the opportunity. It's also true that they will give more milk when they drink at will than when watered twice a day.
William Hopkins, McDonough county DHIA tester, says one of ]his members has partly solved the watering problem. He built a wind- jbreak 10 feet high which runs from the barn past the water tank. The i^ater heater keeps the water warm enough, and the windbreak makes it
more comfortable for the cows to drink.
LiJNrbb -30-
?-8-52
Borrowed from here and there: What we really need is not Vew Deals, Fair Deals, Square Deals, but good old-fashioned Ideals.
I From Abraham Lincoln: "It is not the qualified voters, but |:;he qualified voters who choose to vote, that constitute the politi- J3al power of the State."
' Some persons cause happiness wherever they go: others when- ever they go.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1952
New Ag Engineering Building Named
URBANA--The new 9, OOO-square-foot building for agricultural engineering work at the University of Illinois has been officially named the agricultural engineering research laboratory.
D. G. Carter, acting department head, said today the struc- ture would provide space urgently needed for the research and graduate student teaching programs which have expanded greatly since 19^2.
In the past 10 years the full-time staff has doubled--from i| about 12 to some 24 persons. Much of this expansion has come in re- search men working on basic and practical agricultural engineering problems. The graduate student teaching program, begun in 19^8, now has 15 students enrolled, each doing his own research work.
Carter says the one-story, 45-by-200-foot building will be of concrete block construction with red brick facing and a flat roof. Work on the foundation and concrete floor was started last fall.
Four types of studies will be carried on in the new labora- tory. They are farm electrification, soil and water engineering, farm structures and power and machinery.
Some of the practical problems to be studied in the new
laboratory include automatic feed grinders, better methods of drying
grain and hay, development of new and better farm machinery, such as
a sunflower harvester and field shellers for corn, and improvement of
a water-alcohol injection device for tractors.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1952
Milk Vending Machines May Be Profitable
URBANA> -Large volume sales may be made through milk vending machines, and these sales may be profitable, says a report today from two University of Illinois milk marketing specialists.
G. C. KleiTBan and R. W, Bartlett say that any Interested dairy, large or small, may do well to invest in one or more machines, provided the management chooses the right machines, locates them with care and sees that they are well serviced.
A fairly accurate estimate of the number of sales needed per day to meet all expenses of an automatic machine is 70 units. At that rate the gross return per year to a dairy plant from a vending machine would be $1,785. Gross return from the same volume of milk sold wholesale from a plant would be $1,071. That leaves $200 for depre- ciation and about $500 to the operator for servicing, maintaining and cleaning the machine.
The two men say some operators will need $500 a year to
cover running expenses, while others who are more efficient will show
a profit on a volume of 70 units a day. Sales per machine frequently
run from 100 to 300 units, and sometimes more.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1952
107-Bu3hel Corn Yield New Record for 21 Soil Test Fields
URBANA--A new state-wide record corn yield of 107 bushels an acre was set during 1951 on 21 soil experiment fields of the Illi- nois College of Agriculture. The previous high was 102 bushels in 19^8.
Soils man L. B. Miller said today the 107-bushel new record was the average of top-yielding corn plots at the 21 fields scattered over the state. Average corn yield on untreated plots at all fields was only 38 bushels an acre.
The highest yield among all fields was 13^ bushels an acre, at the McNabb field in Putnam county. Manure and limestone were ap- plied to a rotation of corn-corn-oats-legume hay.
In southern Illinois, the Toledo field in Cumberland county produced 121 bushels of corn an acre on Cisne silt loam. Untreated land yielded only 20 bushels, or one-sixth as much. The land was jtreated with limestone, rock phosphate and muriate of potash.
To grow high yields at Toledo, organic matter and nitrogen
were supplied by crop residues and legumes from a four-year rotation
of corn- soybeans -wheat-mixed legume-grass hay.
Miller says on all test fields organic matter and nitrogen were supplied by either legumes and crop residues or by barnyard manure. The success of the rotation is due mainly to generous use of limestone, rock phosphate and muriate of potash where needed. Under this system the annual cost per acre for minerals is about $1 for limestone, $2 for phosphate and $3 for potash. Larger crop yields nore than pay back this investment--sometimes several times over.
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l^iRSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1952
Don't Let Disease Into Your Poultry Flock
URBANA--A University of Illinois veterinarian says forget- ting the little things of poultry sanitation can be just as dangerous as spilling disease germs in your poultry flock.
Dr. L. E. Hanson says it's important to buy healthy day-old chicks, brood them in sanitary surroundings and rotate yards and ranges. But the small things of poultry sanitation, if overlooked, can also lead to losses from disease.
He points out that poultrymen may spend hours cleaning and
disinfecting a poultry house and then slip up on some other step In
sanitation. One of these things is failure to disinfect shipping
crates or feed sacks before returning them to the flock area.
Keep visitors out of your poultry houses and yards, and stay out of theirs. Before entering your flock area, step into a pan of disinfectant to kill germs that may be on your boots.
Make your poultry house bird- and rodent-proof. Disease outbreaks are sometimes traced to sparrows, rats or mice.
Dr. Hanson adds that it's a good idea to keep chickens of iifferent age groups separated. Older hens may be carriers of disease germs, so plan to market them each fall and clean and disinfect the laying house before the pullets move in to start the laying season.
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Illinois Farm Nevs - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, FEBRUARY l4, 1952
Rural Youth Compete for Scholarships in 1932
URBANA-- Illinois Rural Youth groups in 29 counties again in 1952 will be eligible to compete for community service scholarships totaling $2,200 to the University of Illinois, according to an an- nouncement today by Dean H. P. Rusk of the College of Agriculture.
This program of awards is sponsored by the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio railroad in cooperation with the Extension Service of the College Df Agriculture. Scholarships will be awarded to seven of the 29 coun- ties which the railroad serves in Illinois for the excellence of their 3ommunity service programs during 1952 .
Two of the scholarships will amount to $400, three will be for $300 and two for $250. They will be used for study in agriculture )r home economics during the school year 1953-54.
Rural Youth groups in eligible counties earn the awards for
:heir counties on the basis of their community service activities
luring 1952. Judging will be based on a final narrative report sub-
litted at the end of the year. Any boy or girl in the seven winning
ounties may apply for a scholarship.
Dean Rusk says there will be one change in this year's pro- ram: Educational and recreational activities will count toward scholar- rship awards, as well as community service activities.
The 1951 scholarships were awarded as follows; Grundy and ula ski -Alexander county Rural Youth groups, $4C0; Sangamon, Morgan nd Marshall-Putnam. $300; and Macoupin and Randolph, $250.
Other eligible counties include Cass, Cook, Greene, Jackson, ersey, LaSalle, Livingston, Logan, Madison, Mason, McLean, Menard, onroe, Peoria, Perry, Pike, Scott, St. Clair, Tazewell, Union, Will nd Woodford.
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I^ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1952
Perry, Nev Soybean, Announced
URBANA--A new, high-yielding, high oil, lodging-resistant soybean named Perry, which is suited to southern Illinois, was an- nounced today by agronomists in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
The variety was developed cooperatively by Illinois and 11 other agricultural experiment stations in midwestern states and the regional U. S. Soybean Laboratory at Urbana, Illinois.
Only about 3,000 bushels of Perry seed are available in Illinois for 1952 planting. All of it is being allotted to experi- enced certified seed growers to increase supplies. Ample supplies for general farm plantings are expected in 1953 •
J. C. Hackleman, Illinois extension agronomist, says Perry is suited for growing in Illinois south of a line between Vincennes, Indiana, and St. Louis, Missouri. In this area Perry is expected to replace Wabash, Chief, Gibson and Patoka varieties.
The new variety is adapted to a 100-mile belt north and 30uth extending across southern Indiana, Illinois, Missouri and iCansas .
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Since 19^6 in Illinois, Perry has consistently yielded 3 to 5 bushels more per acre than Wabash, Chief and Patoka varieties. In 16 tests Perry yielded from 35 to 38-1/2 bushels an acre at test plots in Effingham, Clinton and Saline counties.
Seed producer Fred Bergmann in St. Clair county had a yield of 44 bushels an acre for Perry in 1951.
Oil content of Perry averages 21.5 percent on a moisture- . free basis, or 2/lOths of 1 percent more than Wabash.
Perry is a yellow-seeded variety, about 5 days later in maturity than Wabash. It is erect-growing and is less susceptible to frog-eye leaf spot disease than Patoka, but is not so resistant as Wabash. But even when frog-eye leaf spot has been severe. Perry has consistently outyielded Wabash.
Perry came from a cross made in 1939 by L. F, Williams of the U. S. Regional Soybean laboratory between Patoka and strain L7- 1355. After several years of selection and testing, a pure-line selec- tion was made by A. H. Probst and G. H. Cutler at the Purdue Station.
Perry is the ninth improved soybean variety to come mostly from a USDA-state cooperative soybean breeding program since about 1945. These better varieties have produced about 20 percent higher yields and 10 percent higher oil content than previous varieties.
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DIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1952
Parasites Are Waiting for Your Spring Pigs
URBANA- -Roundworms In old hog lots and pastures are the bogeymen that are waiting to get your young pigs this spring.
Dr. N. D. Levlne, animal parasitologist at the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, says It's time to rid your farm of the worm menace by starting the McLean county system of swine sanitation. He states:
"A moderately wormy pig eats about $5 more feed to gain 200 pounds from weaning to market and requires five more weeks to reach market weight. With proper sanitation you can raise more pigs per litter, cut feed costs and get your hogs to market earlier."
First used In McLean county, Illinois, the McLean system has
been proved on thousands of farms throughout the United States. It
relies on keeping worms out of your pigs by good management rather
than using drugs after pigs become parasitized.
Briefly, the four steps are: (1) Clean the farrowing pens thoroughly, and sterilize with scalding water and lye to destroy worm eggs; (2) wash the sow before putting her Into the farrowing penj (3) haul the sow and litter to a newly rotated pasture; and (4) keep the pigs on clean pasture.
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FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1952
Steers Make Cheap Gains at Dixon Springs
URBANA- -Regardless of the winter feeding method, all cattle marketed from the Dixon Springs Experiment Station last fall were out- standing for feed economy.
H. A. Gate, extension assistant at the Station, reports that 30 head of newly weaned steers were divided into three groups in No- vember 1950. All groups were handled the same except during a winter feeding period of I60 days .
During that period one group was well wintered on corn si- lage, hay and soybean oil meal in drylot. One was wintered on hay alone in drylot, and another was wintered on fescue pasture.
All steers averaged 456 pounds in weight at the start of the experiment. When they were marketed 376 days later, the well-wintered lot averaged 907 pounds; the hay -wintered lot, 86I pounds; and the pasture-wintered lot, 873 pounds.
The steers brought $3^ per hundredweight on the East St. Louis market. However, the necessary selling price (including market- ing costs, original cost of steers, cost of harvested feed and shrink) was only $24.22 a hundredweight for the well-wintered lot, $23.10 for the hay-wintered lot and $21.34 for the pasture-wintered lot.
Original cost of the steers was figured at 32 cents a pound in the fall of 1950. Even at today's price of 40 cents a pound for comparable steers, the necessary selling price under the same feeding management would be only $28.24 a hundredweight for the well-wintered 3teers, $27-34 for the hay-wintered lot and $25.49 for the pasture- wintered lot.
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DIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, FEBRUARY l8, 1952
Top Heifers at U. I. Calf Club Sale Saturday
URBANA --Illinois 4-H and FPA members will have an opportuni- ty to secure top-quality dairy calves for club projects at a special calf club sale at the University of Illinois next Saturday, February 23
The sale, sponsored by the Illinois Purebred Dairy Cattle Association, is expected to bring together some of Illinois' most select heifers and place them in the hands of young people who are looking toward a dairying future.
C. S. Rhode, extension dairy specialist with the College of Agriculture, says about 100 heifers born after July 1 will be auc- tioned to the boys and girls. About 20 to 25 calves each in the Hol- stein, Guernsey, Jersey and Brown Swiss breeds are consigned to the sale. And about 10 to 15 Ayrshires will be available.
Rhode pointed out that many of the heifers sold in the three previous calf club sales had come through with flying colors in show rings .
Sale headquarters will be the livestock pavilion at the
south end of the College of Agriculture campus, Urbana .
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2-13-52
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FOR RELEASE MONDAY, FEBRUARY l8, 1952
j4 Sunshade Saves Up to $31 Yearly in Gasoline Evaporation
URBANA--Put a simple sunshade over your gasoline storage tank, and paint it white. In that way you can save up to $31 a year that would otherwise be lost through evaporation.
H. P. Bateman, agricultui*al engineer at the University of Illinois, says that if you use l800 gallons of gasoline a year it's possible to lose 162 gallons through evaporation caused by the sun alone .
When you figure between 20 and 22 cents a gallon for the gas, that's about $32 to $35 actually disappearing into thin air'. The sunshade and white paint can cut that loss to as little as $4.
Bateman also showed that evaporation losses are greater in winter than in summer when tanks are exposed to sunlight. So don't wait until next spring or summer to provide protection.
Underground storage tanks are more effective than above- ground storage in controlling evaporation, but they can be dangerous, too. Leaks may develop in pipelines which could contaminate your water supply. And explosions and fires have occurred from underground leaks .
If you plan underground storage, buy a high-quality tank, coat the outside with waterproofing material and do everything pos- sible to prevent leaks.
In both types of tanks, keep dirt and water drained from the bottom of the tank.
Bateman points out that, besides being costly, evaporation increases the gum content of stored gas. This causes valve trouble and loss of power and makes your tractor or car harder to start.
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2-13-52
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Radio News
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOB RELEASE TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1952
Grass Waterway Costs Vary From $111 to $270 an Acre
URBANA--Costs of building a grass waterway vary from an average of $270 an acre where the waterway Is less than one acre in size down to only $111 an acre for waterways three acres and larger.
This report came today from W. H. Heneberry and E. L. Sauer, soil conservationists in the Illinois College of Agriculture. It is based on a survey of 59 farmers in northeastern Illinois. Most farms were located on Elliott-Ashkum and similar soil types. There was no marked difference in cost for the different soil types.
The study also showed that the larger the area drained by the waterway, the smaller the per acre cost. For a drainage area of less than 100 acres, it cost $3.04 an acre drained to build the water- way. But if it drained 3OO acres or more, the average cost of the waterway was only 35 cents per acre.
Where bulldozers or road graders were used to build the waterway, they accounted for 70 to 75 percent of the total cost. Where farm equipment was used, it represented only 42 percent of total construction cost.
Heneberry says on 15 farms where waterways were built with farm equipment only, the per acre cost was less than 40 percent as large as when a bulldozer was used, and about 65 percent as large as vhen a road grader was used.
-30- LJNrbb 2-15-52
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Illinois Farm News -2 FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1952
Schools to Be Held on Preventing Losses In Stored Grain
URBANA --Preventing losses in stored grain is the subject for a series of four identical one-day meetings for country grain elevator men and farmers to be held next veek.
L. F. Stice, extension economist in the Illinois College of Agriculture, says losses on stored grain have been high in Illinois for the past year. Last summer it vas sick wheat. Now it's high- . moisture corn- -with much of it already damaged--and some soybeans are not keeping well.
Grain dealers face potential losses, more expense and prob- lems in customer relations in handling these grains. Farmers face heavy discounts when damaged stored grain is sold.
To meet this situation, four meetings are scheduled to dis- cuss problems of handling, storing and processing grains. The program is the same for each meeting. Here's the schedule: Tuesday, Febru- ary 26, in Ottawa at the Farm Bureau auditorium: Wednesday, February 27, in Macomb at the Farm Bureau auditorium; Thursday, February 28, in Greenville at the Women's building; and Friday, February 29, in Decatur at the Farm Bureau auditorium.
Dr. Mary MacMasters, nationally known authority on grain spoilage, opens each day's program at 10 a.m. with "What Causes Grains to Spoil." Following this comes "The Processor's Problems With Dam- aged and Kiln-Dried Grains" by a processor. After lunch John Ramser, University of Illinois crops drying specialist, will report on methods of farm drying. And an Illinois PMA committeeman will finish up with "Regulations on Handling and Storing CCC Grains."
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FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1952 ILLINOIS FARM CALENDAR
Legume Grass Winter Show- -An educationa,! display which includes ten big, colored exhibits showing how to grow and use more legume grass crops profitably. Pour University of Illinois extension specialists will be on hand to answer questions while folks see the exhibits. Show includes a quiz program, hay and silage quality contests, time for discussion and a question and answer period.
Time for the show in each location will be from 9:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. - locations and dates of the show are as follows:
Morgan - Scott County- -Tuesday , February 19, 1952
Pike County --Wednesday, February 20, 1952
Brown Schuyler County- -Thursday , February 21, 1952
Menard County- -Friday, February 22, 1952
For further information, see your local farm adviser.
University of Illinois--4-H and F.F.A. Calf Club Sale - Saturday, Feb- ruary 23, 1952. Sponsored by the Illinois Purebred Dairy Cattle Association, the sale will offer about 100 heifers born after July 1.
Breeds on sale will include Holstein, Guernsey, Jersey, Brown Swiss and Ayrshire.
Sale headquarters will be in the Stock Pavilion at the south end of the College of Agriculture campus, Urbana .
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Radio News
VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 2C, 1952
New Record for Fertilizer Sales In Illinois
URBANA--More mixed fertilizers, fertilizer materials and rock phosphate were sold in Illinois during the first six months of 1951 than during any similar previous period.
Soils specialist Touby Kurtz of the Illinois College of Ag- riculture said today that tonnage of each group was up around 30 per- cent .
Sales of mixed fertilizers totaled 310,000 tons from January through June last year. For the same period, 23^,000 tons of rock phosphate were sold, plus 83,500 tons of fertilizer materials like superphosphate and nitrogen carriers.
These figures are supplied voluntarily by registered Illi- nois fertilizer firms. Kurtz emphasizes that the information there- fore depends entirely on the accuracy of the companies' reports.
The average analysis for the 10 leading mixed fertilizers showed about a 10 percent increase for both nitrogen and potash.
The amount of potash in fertilizer materials was almost twice that reported for the spring period of 1950. Tonnages of sol- uble phosphate materials were slightly less.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 2G , 1952
4-H, FFA Sale Calves Can Be Shovn Next Summer as Senior Calves
URBANA--A11 calves offered at the coming 4-H and FFA calf club sale were born after July 1, 1951 ^ and therefore can be shown in any competition next summer as senior heifer calves, reports C. S. Rhode, University of Illinois dairyman.
The sale is set for this Saturday, February 23^ in the Live- stock Pavilion at the Illinois College of Agriculture. About 100 calves of the five dairy breeds will be auctioned.
Some outstanding records have been made by heifers from the three previous sales. Sponsor of the sale is the Illinois Purebred Dairy Cattle association. The purpose is to help Illinois young folks get first-rate dairy heifers for their 4--H or FFA projects. Only bona fide members from Illinois will be allowed to buy the calves. LJN:bb -30-
Henderson Is New Safety Council President
URBANA--New president of the Illinois Rural Safety Council is Melvin Henderson, associate professor of vocational agriculture at the University of Illinois.
Other officers for 1952 elected at the group's recent annual 'meeting were: 1st vice president, Marvin J. Nicol, Illinois Chain Store Council; 2nd vice president, E. I. Pilchard, state agricultural 4-H club leader, Illinois College of Agriculture; executive secretary, J. W. Matthews, agricultural engineer. College of Agriculture: and treasurer, Clarence Kleckner, Illinois State Grange, Rockford.
A 15-member executive committee also was elected.
The Illinois Rural Safety Council is an organization whose main job is to help reduce accidents and fires in rural Illinois.
-30- L JN : bb 2-15-52
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lIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1952
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Check Losses From High -Moisture Corn ^
UR3ANA-- Illinois farmers holding high-moisture corn in stor- age may be facing serious losses,
L. P. Stice, agricultural economist at the University of Illinois, says some damage from moisture has occurred already, and more can he expected vith warmer weather.
Prices on good-quality corn are expected to hold or even in- crease later, so it will probably pay to dry good corn with more than 20 percent moisture and hold it--especially since wet corn is now heavily penalized.
Stice points out that farmers who have corn to sell have
three choices, depending on the condition of their corn: sell it now,
dry it or let it dry naturally.
If the corn already shows damage like blue-eye mold, it might be wise to sell. The price penalty is probably less now than it will be when warm weather increases the damage.
But farmers who need all their corn to feed livestock are in the tightest spot. Artificial drying may be the most profitable answer to their problem.
i On any corn testing lower than 20 percent moisture, Stice says farmers will be money ahead to let it dry naturally.
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Illinois Farm Nevs - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1952
Save on Farm Buildings by Using Farm-Grown Lumber
URBANA--YOU can make surprising savings in cost of farm buildings by using your ovn farm timber.
C. S. Walters, forester in the University of Illinois, to- day reported that the Clifton brothers in Iroquois county had total \ cash costs of $35 per thousand board feet when they cut 15,000 board feet of timber from their farm woodland two winters ago. Imported lumber would have cost them about $120 per thousand board feet if they had bought it. That's almost a 4-to-l difference.
Lumber from Illinois farm woodlands is just as good for many uses as wood from the west coast or the south. And Illinois tim- ber is much cheaper because it doesn't have to be kiln-dried, planed and shipped two or three thousand miles.
The Clifton brothers borrowed a chain saw to cut the trees and make them into logs . It took two men about two weeks between chores to do this work and to bunch the logs for hauling.
The sawmill operator hauled the logs to the mill and sawed
'them into one-inch lumber for $33 per thousand board feet. It cost
$30 to haul the lumber back to the farm.
With their lumber the Cliftons built a 35 by 50 foot hen- house for 600 birds and still had about 10,000 board feet, or about two- thirds of the lumber, left for future use.
Walters says this lumber came mostly from hackberry and buckeye, which farmers do not ordinarily consider to be timber trees. However, they produce good lumber.
The $35 per thousand cost to the Cliftons does not include the cost of their own labor or the usual return for stumpage.
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2-18-52
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, PEBRUARir 21, 1952
ILLINOIS FARM CALENDAR
Legume-Grass Winter Shov-~Thl3 display of 10 big, colorful, education- al exhibits will be in the counties listed below between the hours of 9:30 a,m. and 3:00 p.m. on the days listed. Four University of Illinois extension specialists will be on hand to answer questions. Also includes quiz programs, hay and silage contest, and discussion.
Hancock County- -Tuesday, February 26, 1952
Va r r en C oun ty - -Wedne sday , February 27, 1952
Rock Island County --Thursday, February 28, 1952
Jo Daviess County --Friday, February 29, 1952
Per futher information, see your local farm adviser,
I Country Grain Dealers' Conferences on Preventing Losses in Stored Grain
Four conferences have been arranged to help answer questions
of country grain dealers who have been having problems in
handling, storing and processing grains. Meetings start at
10:00 a.m. Information included on the causes of grain
spoilage, problems with damaged and kiln-dried grains and
regulations on handling and storing CCC grains. Dates and
locations of these meetings are:
LaSalle County --Tuesday. Feb. 26, 1952 - Farm Bureau Auditorium, Ottawa
^cDonough County- -Wednesday . Feb. 27, 1952 - Farm Bureau Auditorium, Macomb
Bond County--Thur3day. Feb. 28, 1952 - Women's Building, Greenville
tocon County --Friday. Feb. 29, 1952 - Farm Bureau Auditorium, Decatur
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IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1952
1932 Goal«-3,000 Nev 4-H Members
URBANA--A goal of 3,000 new members has been set for Illi- nois 4-H'er3 in their membership drive during National 4-H Club Week, March 1 through 9.
Miss Anna Searl and E. I. Pilchard, state 4-H Club leaders in the Illinois College of Agriculture, said today the 1952 goal in Illinois is 60,000 members. In 1951 there were some 57,000 4-H'ers.
During National 4-H Club Week, special invitations will be
extended to eligible boys and girls in each county to become new 4-H
members. Boys and girls from 10 to 21 years of age are qualified to
join 4-H and "learn by doing" some farming, homemaking or community
activity. Young folks who are interested can ask their local county
farm or home adviser for enrollment cards.
Each 4-H Club is guided by county extension workers and a local club leader. But 4-H'er3 elect their own officers, help plan their own programs, choose their own projects and demonstration sub- jects and decide on affairs of their own clubs.
The 1952 4-H theme is "Serving as Loyal Citizens Through ^-H." Most clubs carry on community improvement activities where all members have a responsibility. In addition members have their own Individual projects to make them better farmers or homemakers of the future.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1952
Molature-Reslatant Paints Help to Prevent Paint Failures
URBANA--One of the best ways to cut down paint failures on exterior sidings in old houses is to apply a moisture-resistant paint, such as an oil or rubber base or aluminum paint.
Keith Hinchcliff , University of Illinois farm housing spe- cialist, says the moisture-resistant paint is applied to inside sur- faces of outside walls. In other words, moisture-resistant paints won't help on interior wall partitions.
Moisture from the kitchen, laundry, bathroom or a wet base- ment often works through the wall and causes outside paint to blister and peel. In such cases, it's wise to use an oil or rubber base or aluminum paint on the inside wall when you redecorate.
On homes being built, insulation is recommended, including a vapor barrier on the warm side of the wall or celling. The barrier prevents moisture from collecting in the wall or behind the paint. You can use waterproof paints, papers or foils for a barrier.
Here are four other suggestions to help get a longer lasting paint job: (l) Buy good-quality paint with a large percentage of pig- ment to carrier- -usually 50 percent or over by weight. For permanent structures, high-quality paint is a saving in the long run. (2) If you plan to wait 8 or 10 years before repainting, it will probably be best to use a soft, self -cleaning type of paint. Harder paints, in- cluding those with zinc oxide pigments, have advantages if you repaint
i^ithln 4 or 5 years.
(3) Always apply paint in dry weather when no temperature Irop is expected. (4) And paint over a firm base only. It's tedious -^ork to scrape off loose paint, but it must be done. ^JN:bb -30-
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IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
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COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1952
Hoping Doesn't Prevent Losses From Hog Cholera
URBANA- -Unless you have a special brand of good luck, you'll find it much cheaper to vaccinate your young pigs than to take a chance on hog cholera, America's No. 1 swine killer.
Dr. G. T. Woods, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says an Edgar county swine raiser took a chance and lost 4o of his fall pigs to hog cholera.
If you put off having your pigs vaccinated because it costs too much, just remember that hog cholera losses cost heavily. You can usually have 50 weaning-age pigs vaccinated for about what is :, would cost if you lost one good market-weight hog.
The best time to have your veterinarian vaccinate your pigs
is when they are at about weaning age, says Dr. Woods. At that age
they're cheaper to vaccinate than when they get older, and they're
easier to handle.
Hog cholera strikes any time of the year. If your hogs haven't been vaccinated, have your veterinarian do it right away--es- pecially if there's hog cholera in your neighborhood. And this spring don't rely on good luck. Have your spring pigs vaccinated while they're still young.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1952
Fermented Milks Conference Set for March 4-5
URBANA--Manufacture of yoghurt and Bulgarian cultured milk is among the topics scheduled for a dairy technology conference on starters and fermented milk drinks to be held March 4 and 5 at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
Five of the seven talks on the program are by out-of-tovn authorities, including men from the University of Florida, Purdue University and milk plants in Rockford, Peoria and Chicago.
A demonstration of making fermented milk drinks and taste- testing them vill be held at 7:30 P«ni. on Tuesday, March 4. There will be an all-day program on Wednesday. LJN:bb -30-
New Field of Study to Be Investigated
URBANA--A new field affecting Illinois farmers will be studied by a newly appointed staff member in the University of Illi- nois College of Agriculture.
He is Kirk Fox, Jr., whose job is to look into the eco- nomics of the food industry. He will consider such questions as what factors affect the location of food plants like packing plants.
Fox, son of the editor of Successful Farming magazine, was named research associate in food industries in the food technology department, effective February 15.
He was graduated from the University of Chicago in June 1948 and received his master's degree from that institution in Decem- ber 1951. He worked with the Cowles Foundation on developing the use of statistics in economic research and also taught part-time at North western University.
Fox, aged 30, is married and has one child and is a Navy veteran.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1952
Location of Garden Important to Success
URBANA- -Location of your garden is mighty important in the success of your efforts, says the 1952 Illinois Garden Guide, just issued by three vegetable crops men in the University of Illinois.
B. L, Weaver, W. A. Huelsen and Lee Somers say that loca- tion is just as important as training and know-hov, sustained interest and effort.
In farms and small towns, the ideal garden site is a well- protected area of loam sloping a bit to the south. Plenty of sun- shine is essential, and so is freedom from trees and shrubs--they take plant food and water from far beyond their shade line.
In cities, a vacant lot that has good soil and that is open to sunshine can be used. But it's hopeless to try gardening where J tall buildings shut out sunlight or where there is too deep a fill of excavated dirt.
Root crops like potatoes and carrots need soil that does
not become hard and compact as it dries out.
I Your garden site should be well drained or capable of being well drained. Too much moisture is not good for most vegetables. Plant roots must have air. When the soil is soaked with water, no air reaches the roots, and they die.
You can drain a wet garden by laying tile in the soil or by digging shallow furrows to take away surface water. Or in city gar- dens you might raise the level of the planted rows a few inches above surrounding soil.
Group gardening is especially recommended for city families who have no suitable garden site.
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VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1952
Three More Grain Dealers' Schools Scheduled
URBANA--The first one-day school for country elevator men and farmers on preventing losses in stored grain was held today in Ottawa, with three identical sessions to follow in other locations this week.
L. F. Stice, extension economist in the Illinois College of Agriculture, says tomorrow's meeting is to be held in Macomb in the Farm Bureau auditorium; another will be held on Thursday at Greenville in the Women's building; and the final one will be on Friday, February 29, in Decatur at the Farm Bureau auditorium.
Uncle Sam is emphasizing larger production again in 1952.
These meetings are an effort to conserve the feed and food grains
grown last year. Losses of stored grain--wheat, corn and some soy-
beans--have been high in Illinois this past year. The four meetings
are planned to help meet problems of handling, storing and processing
grains. They are staged cooperatively by the University of Illinois
agricultural extension service and the state board of vocational
education.
Topics to be covered include what causes grain to spoil, processors' problems with damaged and kiln-dried grains, what happens to grain in storage, and regulations on handling and storing CCC grains. The program for each meeting is the same. LJN:bb -30-
2-22-52
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Illinois Farm News - 2
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1952
Local Dairyman Ranks Among Top 10 in State for January
(Editor's note: This story is written as a "fill-in," since you'll be interested only in the dairyman placing among the top 10 herds in Illinois for January who comes from your area.)
URBANA--The herd of , ,
(name ) (address )
ranked high among all 1,599 dairy herd improvement
(2d, 5th, etc. ) association herds on test for January, says a report issued today by
the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
The report shows that 's
(name) (No . } (breed--
herd averaged pounds of butterfat per
PBH, etc. ) (No. )
cow from pounds of milk. This was done on twice-a-day milking.
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's record compares with a state average of 28.2 pounds of butterfat from 723 pounds of milk for the 1,599 DHIA herds including 33,757 cows.
By ranking among the top 10, _____^ ' s herd placed in
( name ) the highest producing two-thirds of 1 percent of all DHIA herds. In other words, at least 99 percent of all herds produced less than his.
LJNrbb -30-
Ten Highest Producing Herds --January 1952
Association
Owner
NG
Town cows Breed
"Pounds
MTTc FIT
1,509 63.1 1,326 56.0 1,411 5^.9 1,^04 54.4
905 53.7 1,436 53.0 1,254 53.0 1,089 51.9 1,406 50.8 1,569 50.5
Christian Whiteside Stephenson #4 Kane #1 Ambraw Kankakee #2 Ogle #1 Winnebago #2 Effingham #1 Madison #2 PBH- -purebred
Don Elliott William Wiersema Allen Bonebright Clanyard Farm No. 3 Eugene Stout Albert Peters k Son Forrest Gillespie Milton Miller Henry J. Dust Leland Steiner
Edinburg
Prophetstcwn
Lena
Huntley
Olney
Kankakee
Oregon
Rockfcrd
Shumway
Highland
15 PBH 18 PB&GH 17 PBH
27 PBH 5 PBJ
21 PBH
28 PBH
16 PB&GG 15 PB&GH 11 H Holsteins
Holsteins; PB&GH- -purebred & grade bred Jerseys; PB&GG- -purebred & grade Guernseys; Hclsteins
PBJ--pure-
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VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1952
Handy Protein Feed Cost Chart Available Free
URBANA--A handy guide for figuring the cost per pound of protein in dairy feeds Is now available free from the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
This guide, prepared by the department of dairy science, lists 17 high-protein feeds commonly used by dairy farmers. The cost per pound of protein is given for each of these feeds when they're priced anywhere from $80 to $136 per ton. Just by picking the present price of any feed, you can find the cost per pound of protein in that feed.
For Instance, linseed meal contains 35 percent protein. At $84 per ton for the meal, the protein would cost 12 cents a pound. At $100 a ton, the protein would cost l4 cents a pound.
As all dairymen know, it's the concentrates in the ration that make up a big part of the total cost of feed. With this free chart, you can see at a glance where you're getting your best protein buy. Write for your copy today to the dairy science department. Col- lege of Agriculture, Urbana, Illinois.
LJN:bb -30-
2-22-52
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UVERSITY OF ILLINOIS |
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION SERVICE |
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1952
Dry Dairy Cows Need Good Care
URBANA--A University of Illinois veterinarian says that contented Cora, the well-cared-for cow of the milking herd, often becomes neglected Nora when she is dry.
Dr. G. T. v^oods of the College of Veterinary Medicine says ; cows deserve good care all the time, not just when they are milking. The kind of care cows get during the dry period helps to determine the amount of money they will earn when they freshen.
To insure good milk production records, feed your dairy
cows properly, advises Dr. Woods. Cows in good condition at calving
time usually give far more milk than cows that have been getting hay
and a little corn. Good rations also build resistance to disease.
Check the cow's udder and milk carefully for signs of mas- titis before removing her from the milking line. A good time to have your veterinarian treat the cow is while she's dry. And always watch dry cows for signs of infection. If mastitis appears, have it treated promptly to prevent udder damage.
If there are lice or mange in the dairy herd, Dr. Woods says to treat the dry cows too. Lindane, used as a dust, will get rid of the lice. If the cattle have both lice and mange, use the lindane in a spray. In either case, be sure to use this chemical ac- cording to the manufacturer's directions.
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Illinois Farm Nevs - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1952
^27.30 in Soil Treatment Brings $l43 in Extra Crops for 19^7-51
URBANA — A complete soil fertility treatment costing only about $27.50 an acre for the five years 19^7-51 has produced larger crops worth $1^3 on the agronomy farm of the University of Illinois.
Soils man L. B. Miller says the five-year average increase in corn yields was 4l bushels an acre on land where a program of ap- plying the necessary limestone, rock phosphate and potash and growing legumes was begun in 19^7. The soil had been depleted from 10 con- I secutive corn crops previously. Since 19^7 a rotation of corn, soy- beans, wheat and legume-grass hay has been followed.
Under this system the 1951 corn yield was 95 bushels an acre. This compares with a 69-bushel crop on the same land with the same treatment, but in a two-year rotation of corn and soybeans.
The five-year average increase in corn yield for the corn- soybean rotation over yields on the original depleted land was only 19 bushels an acre, compared with a 4l-bushel increase shown by the four-year rotation.
Miller says that 4 tons of lime, 1,600 pounds of rock phos- phate and 200 pounds of potash an acre were applied after the soil was tested. Lime and phosphate should last for 16 years, but 200 pounds of potash are put on every two years.
These plant foods cost about $1.00 per acre per year for lime, $2.00 for rock phosphate and $2.50 for potash. That's $5-50 a year, or $27.50 for five years.
Value of all crops for the five years 19^7-51 in the four- year rotation was $l43 more than all yields from untreated land. That's before deducting soil treatment and other costs. The $143 was the value of extra crop yields figured at prices paid on the farm at harvest time each year.
-30- LJNrbb ki2-25-52
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^VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 29, 1952
Fertilize Trees, Evergreens This Spring for Healthy Growth
URBANA--For healthy, vigorous growth In your shade trees and evergreens this spring, fertilize them as soon as the frost Is out of the ground.
H. R. Kemmerer, landscape specialist in the Illinois College of Agriculture, recommends a high-nitrogen fertilizer.
As for the amount to apply, here's an easy rule: Put on
three or four pounds of a 10-8-6 or 10-6-4 fertilizer for each inch
of trunk diameter at a height of 4.6 feet above the ground. If trees
are less than 6 inches in diameter, cut that amount in half.
To apply the fertilizer to shade trees, use a punch bar to make several small holes two feet apart and about l8 inches deep in the soil under the branch spread of each tree. Put a small amount of fertilizer in each hole, and fill with top soil or peat.
It's a good idea to fertilize young trees every year, but for older trees once every three years is enough.
For pine, spruce and other evergreens, you can use the same types of fertilizers and methods of application. But they need less fertilizer. Two pounds are enough for each inch of trunk diameter.
Be careful not to spill any high-nitrogen fertilizer on the evergreen foliage, because it will "burn" the foliage.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 29, 1952
Successful Sheep Qrover Gives Tips on Lambing
URBANA--Here are some tips on successful lambing practices 'rom a man who knows --Carl H. Dunbar of McDonough county, who was 'irst-place winner in his division of the 1951 Illinois sheep pro- duction contest.
Dunbar says these practices have helped him to reduce losses during lambing:
About a month before lambing begins, he starts feeding a little shelled corn, sprinkled with a 30 percent protein — 30 percent molasses supplement and gradually increases the amount to about three - fourths of a pound a day. He feeds this mixture once a day in outside troughs, filling them while the ewes are shut in the barn.
The ewes also get all the alfalfa they can eat twice a day
in troughs inside the barn. Loose iodized salt is set out in boxes in
every section of the barn. Dunbar says so far this ration has
eliminated the usual losses from lambing paralysis.
Before lambing starts, Dunbar sets up four brooder pens along a wall in the sheep barn. Tight board panels covered with sheet metal form the fronts. Entrance doors are about four feet high. He puts three-cornered wooden hovers with heat lamps about two feet from the floor in two of the pens. In the others, he hangs reflectors high 3nough not to burn the ewes.
After each ewe and her lambs are removed from the brooder, Dunbar pens them apart from the other ewes and lambs until they become acquainted. But, before removing the ewe and lambs from the brooder, le says he makes sure that the ewe's milk is flowing freely and that 'he lambs are getting it.
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IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOP RELEASE SATURDAY, MARCH 1, 1952
"Cheap" Tractor Oil Can Be Expensive
URBANA--If you short-change your tractor with cheap lubri- cating oil, It may kick right back at you with a big repair bill and a serious breakdown In the busy season.
Farm machinery specialist George Plckard of the Illinois College of Agriculture says It's possible to save up to 3/4 cent per hour of tractor operation by buying cheap oil Instead of a premium- quality oil. But look what cheap, Inferior oil can do to your engine.
It can form a heavy sludge In cold weather that will block
the oil screen, stop the flow of oil to the bearings and may burn out
a bearing or two. It also oxidizes more easily than high-quality oil,
causing more varnish to form. Varnish collects with carbon on the
pistons and in the ring grooves.
Stuck rings make your engine an oil-eater. They also cause rapid wear of rings and cylinder walls and blow-by into the crankcase. Blow-by causes acid to form in the oil. Oil pumped into the combus- tion chamber causes heavy deposits., resulting in pre-ignitlon and loss of power. Cheap oil may also corrode the bearings.
Plckard says good oil avoids these troubles. Buy premium oil from a reputable dealer in your own community. He has to live with his customers, so he will give you what you pay for.
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Illinois Farm Nevrs - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MARCH 1, 1952
Lead in Paint Is Highly Poisonous to Cattle
URBANA --Paint vhich is peeling off barns or fences is just as poisonous to cattle as fresh paint, if they both contain lead.
Dr. P. D. Beamer, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says a farmer who lives in McLean county recently lost a 40C-pound calf after it had chewed and licked paint from a board fence which had been painted years ago. He had previously lost nine other calves, probably from the same thing.
Cattle are often poisoned when they lick fresh lead paint from newly painted surfaces. Dr. Beamer states. But they can also be poisoned when they chip off loose paint with their teeth or eat chips that have fallen to the ground. He adds:
"Poisoning from lead acts quickly. But many deaths can be prevented if a veterinarian treats the animal immediately."
If paint is peeling from a surface, the safe thing to do is
keep your cattle away from it until the loose piaint is removed and
disposed of. When you paint again, you'll be doubly safe if you
use one of the nonlead, nonpoisonous paints now available.
Another thing, don't throw empty paint buckets or old bat- teries into barnyards or pastures. Livestock licking the paint bucket or eating the lead plates in the battery may soon get enough lead to kill them.
LEA:bb 2-27-52
Buying high-quality, adapted seed is one of the easiest, cheapest ways to produce highest possible crop yields, say agronomists in the Illinois College of Agriculture*
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^VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MARCH 3, 1952
Low-Cost Heat Lamps Valuable Pig-Savers
URBANA- -Every pig that dies from chilling at farrowing time means you've lost about $6.50. But you can save many "baby pigs by in- stalling heat lamps that cost only about $1.25 or less.
i
That's the word today frotn S. W. Terrill, head of swine work in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
The first 12 hours of a baby pig's life are the most criti- cal. If the temperature around them is below 45 degrees, they need extra heat to avoid chilling. The most common way to make it warmer is to install a heat lamp in a protected corner of the farrowing pen.
You can get a 250-watt infrared heat lamp from a hardware or electric supply store for $1.25 to $3.00. Or you could buy a clamp- type reflector and plug for about $2.50, plus a special pig light for 65 cents. Another plan is to make your own pig brooder with reflector and put in an ordinary 150-watt bulb costing only 20 cents or so.
The $6.50 value of each baby pig includes about $5.00 for feed for the sow and $1.50 for all other costs.
Whatever heat lamp system you use, it's sure to pay for it- self if it saves only one baby pig.
Terrill emphasizes that pigs should be placed under the lamp right after birth, because they might not find it without help. After pigs are a week old, they probably won't need any extra heat.
-30- L JN : bb 2-27-52
Illinois Farm Neva - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MARCH 3, 1952
Vibriosis Appears in Illinois Cattle, Sheep
URBANA --Illinois farmers who know all about rain and snow storms today learned of vibriosis storms that cause severe abortion outbreaks in cattle and sheep.
H. E. Rhoades, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, says vibriosis is not a new disease, but it's new to most Illinois lives tockmen. Striking quickly, the disease may cause more than 12 percent of the cattle in a herd to abort.
Sheep may have an even higher abortion rate. In DeWitt county recently, a farmer was able to save only three lambs from 24 ewes. This means the flock had an 88 percent abortion rate.
To prevent vibriosis, be sure the cattle or sheep you buy come from farms that have never had trouble with the disease. If it strikes, isolate the aborting animals and keep them separated. When they return to normal, clean out their pens and disinfect them thoroughly.
Losses from vibriosis are most severe the first year, and
then the disease tends to die out. Cows usually recover without
help if they are given a 90-day breeding rest. So far there is no
vaccination against the disease.
If disease strikes, get help from a veterinarian, advises Professor Rhoades. An accurate diagnosis is needed to rule out other diseases that also cause abortions.
Vibriosis most often strikes cattle during the fifth and sixth months of pregnancy, although it may occur any time. Sheep may go up to a week or two of full-term pregnancy before aborting.
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VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, MARCH 4, 1952
Manure Pastures Nov for More Feed With Higher Protein
URBANA--YOU' 11 get more feed from your pa3ture3--and It will have a higher protein content too--lf you manure them now.
C. S. Rhode, University of Illinois dairyman, says manure Is one of the best fertilizers for pastures. Right now, In late winter and early spring, Is a good time to manure your pastures.
Rhode says dairy pasture tests at the College of Agriculture show that manured plots yielded more than twice as much forage as plots without manure. Furthermore, the manured grass contained from 5 to 20 percent more protein than untreated grass. LJNrbb -30-
Ideas on Marketing Small Livestock Consignments More Efficiently
URBANA--A University of Illinois authority today suggested six ways of handling small consignments of livestock more efficiently during marketing and thereby reducing selling costs.
Livestock marketing specialist W. J. Wills recommends truck partitions that are easier to install; a cheap, adequate portable load- ing chute; efficient farm pickup service; proper protection of animals from too much fighting while en route; market reports that are easier to understand; and a continual study at the markets of the problem of small consignments as it applies to most efficient use of facilities.
-30- LJN:bb 2-29-52
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, MARCH 4, 1952
Stop Fast Spread of Mange by Spraying With Lindane If Needed
URBANA-- Illinois beef cattle men were urged today to check their animals for mange, or scabies, and to spray them if needed.
H. B. Petty, insect specialist in the Illinois College of Agriculture and Illinois Natural History Survey, and Dr. G. T. Woods, of the College of Veterinary Medicine, say that mange is increasing at an alarming rate. When mangy cattle are also infested with lice, they gain weight much more slowly than they normally would.
According to Dr. Roy Thompson, state division of livestock
industry, "During the 1951 International Livestock show, 17 cases of
scabies were found in Illinois cattle shown. . . .Western herds have
become infested with scabies through bulls purchased in Illinois. If
something is not done to control scabies, our shipments to other
states will be restricted.
Petty and Dr. V/oods emphasize that mange infestations no- ticed now should be treated immediately. You'll get best results by spraying cattle thoroughly twice, about 10 days to two weeks apart. It's important to get them soaking wet. Use either lindane or BHC powder, but follow manufacturer's directions carefully. A pressure of about 150 to 250 pounds seems to give best control.
While beef cattle are most often infested with mange, the pest is also found on dairy cattle.
LJN:bb -30-
2-29-52
Bulletin 5^8, free from farm advisers or the College of Agriculture, Urbana, gives the farming methods followed by high- earning hog raisers, dairymen, sheep producers and poultrymen whose incomes were well above average of most efficient farmers.
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IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MARCH 5, 1952
Pick a Good Hoe for Your Garden
URBANA--One of the most common errors among home vegetable gardeners is to have an awkward, heavy hoe.
Gardening specialist B. L. Weaver in the Illinois College of Agriculture says too many persons use a hoe that's fine for mixing mortar. The average gardener "wouldn't even give shed room" to such an unhandy Implement. And Weaver feels that "often a bad hoe adds to a person's disgust in trying to keep a garden clear of weeds."
Weaver recommends a light-weight hoe with a blade not over
six Inches wide and only three or four inches high. A hoe is meant
to cut weeds just below the surface of the soil, not to work it up.
The blade should be hung on the handle at an angle that will make it
possible to use the hoe with least effort.
Besides a good hoe, essential garden tools are a spading fork, garden rake, planting line and trowel. A small duster or sprayer is a necessity, while a long-handled, five- tine fork is handy for gathering up crop residues.
For larger gardens that are Intensively cultivated, a wheel hoe is almost a necessity because it saves so much time and labor. A seed drill is another highly desirable piece of equipment. Garden tractors have a place only in commercial gardens.
LJN:bb 2-29-52
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MARCH 5, 1952
Sprays, Dusts for Hogs Must Be Used Carefully
URBANA- -Sprays and dusts used in the swine herd to kill lice and mange mites may kill your pigs, too, if you don't follow direc- tions carefully.
Dr. C. C. Morrill, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says that when it comes to BHC, lindane, or chlordane, a good practice is to buy a ready-made product and then follow the in- structions of the manufacturer or veterinarian in applying it.
The veterinarian says you're not likely to run into trouble when the lindane or BHC used in the spray or dust contains only l/lO of one percent of the gamma isomer. Higher concentrations are some- times used, but they are not so safe. Chlordane spray and dust also are relatively safe when they contain l/lO of one percent of chlordane,
Dr. Morrill adds that young pigs are more likely to be poi- soned by these pesticides than older pigs. So, to be safe, treat your sows before you put them into the farrowing house.
If you treat suckling pigs, dilute the spray or dust to one- fourth the concentration used on older pigs. Talc or pyrophyllite may be used to dilute the dusts, but be sure to mix the dust thoroughly and keep it dry.
For all-round use, sprays are more effective than dusts.
They are easier to dilute, mix and apply correctly than dusts and may
be used any time except in severely cold weather.
-30- LEA:bb 2-29-52
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Radio News
VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MARCH 6, 1952
Hog Prices Higher In '52
URBANA--Hog prices in 1952 will average slightly higher than they did in 1951, hut chances are they won't follow the "norn^al" sea- sonal price patterns.
W. L. Fitzgerald, swine marketing specialist at the Univer- sity of Illinois, says that the summer price rise will come earlier than usual this year, but price ceilings on wholesale pork will curb this rise.
If free market prices are in effect, top hog prices will probably stay around $25 to $26 at Chicago during July, August and September. But the wholesale pork ceilings are set to permit packers to pay about $23 for prime-choice barrows and gilts and still come out jven--if they get ceiling prices for all pork cuts and by-products.
When top hog prices get above $23, the squeeze is on, and ilthough prices may go to $24 for a few days, they won't stay there •ong. Packers can't afford to buy many hogs at that price while )resent wholesale ceilings are in effect.
During the fall months, prices should not decline as much 3 they did last year. When the fall decline does come, it will •robably be at least 45 days later than usual, ll -more-
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MARCH 6, 1952
Higher Hof^ Prices in '52 ~ add 1
Higher feed prices will encourage farmers to feed light and carry hogs longer this fall. In that way they can use 1952 corn for putting on final weight.
Fitzgerald says that fall pigs should make money this year. As it looks now, it's a good idea to plan for as many pigs as your equipment and labor can manage.
The hog-corn ratio should be better in the next feeding year than it was in 1951, but not so good as in 19^9 and 1950.
Although there will be talk of live hog price ceilings as prices rise, Fitzgerald says there isn't much chance of such a regula- tion. Neither is it likely that wholesale price ceilings on pork will be increased or removed, especially since 1952 is an election year. MCDtbb -30-
Native Sheep Flocks Return $462 Yearly
URBANA--With total average returns of $462 yearly, native flocks of sheep proved a profitable sideline on 14 north-central Illi- nois farms for the 10 years 1936-^5.
This is shown by a recent study of profitable livestock farm- ing methods made by M. L. Mosher, retired University of Illinois farm management specialist, and reported in Bulletin 548.
The seven flocks with highest returns averaged $142 for each $100 of feed fed, compared with $117 for the seven with lowest re- turns. Both groups were about the same size, having 35 ewes each.
But the high-return flocks sold some 3>90C pounds of mutton and wocl for 56 cents more per hundred pounds, produced 100 pounds nore meat and wool for $1.34 less, and were fed more pasture and pro- tein concentrates in proportion to grain.
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IIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MARCH 7, 1952
Illinois 4-H'er Returns Soon From Puerto Rico
URBANA--Af ter spending six weeks in Puerto Rico this vMnter as a Farm Youth Exchange delegate, Doris Baity, 24, Flora, vlll return to Illinois about March 20.
Miss Baity, home economics teacher at Greenville high school, was one of the eight young men and women from as many states who flew ;i|from Washington, D. C, on February 1 to San Juan, Puerto Rico, ex- plain Miss Anna Searl and E. I. Pilchard, state 4-H Club leaders. After spending several days at the University of Puerto Rico for orientation, the group traveled with agricultural extension people for about 10 days to study social and economic conditions in the country. They now are finishing four weeks of living and working pn some of the larger sugar, coffee and coconut farms.
In a return program, 12 young Puerto Rican farm folks will :ome to this country early this summer to live and work on our farms. I Doris was graduated from the University of Illinois in June |L949. She was a 4-H Club member for eight years, worked as county ""outh assistant for two summers, and served as recreation counselor 't 4-H Club camp for three summers.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MARCH 7, 1952
Foot Disease Causes Lameness in Cattle, Sheep
URBANA--If some of your cattle or sheep start to limp this winter or spring, give the hoof a close examination. Foot rot may be causing the trouble.
Dr. L. E. Boley, veterinarian at the University of Illinois, says some herds have severe outbreaks of foot rot. It usually ap- pears V7hen animals have to stand in barnyard mud, especially if the mud contains sharp stones, sticks or cinders.
To prevent the disease, keep the barnyard well drained and provide plenty of bedding in the shed. Although few animals die of the disease, weight and production losses may result when animals be- come so lame that they refuse to walk to feed and water.
When lameness appears in your sheep or cattle, wash the hoof and keep the animal in a clean, well-bedded pen, advises Dr. Boley. If the infection gets worse after a day or two, call your veterinarian. Neglected cases of foot rot often take several weeks to cure. LEA:bb -30-
Illinois Leads Nation in 1951 Corn Production
URBANA — Illinois led the nation in corn production last year i^ith a total of ^9^ million bushels, according to University of Illi- nois Bulletin 552.
The free booklet also reports that Illinois led the corn-belt states in per acre yield with a state-wide average of 55 bushels an icre. Only the state of Washington, with only 19,000 acres of corn, produced a larger per-acre yield.
Bulletin 552 reports the performance of 328 hybrids grown at 3ight test fields. From the data on yield, disease resistance, height )f ear, lodging, moisture content, stand and reaction to corn borers, rou can easily pick the hybrid best suited to your farm. jJN:bb -30-
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IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MARCH 8, 1952
Parasites In Farm Livestock Are Costly Pests
URBANA--You'll give free board and lodging to thousands of unwelcome guests on your farm this year If you're not careful. These uninvited guests are the parasites that Invade farm livestock.
Dr. G. T. Woods, veterinarian at the University of Illinois, says the most common parasites In livestock are vorms, lice, mites, ticks, files and fleas. All of these pests can do a good job of re- iuclng the profits from raising livestock.
Because of parasites, Infested animals eat more feed than lealthy stock to produce the same amount of meat, milk and eggs. In iddltion, worms and other parasites often stunt young animals or kill :hem, as well as make them more susceptible to other diseases.
The cheapest and best way to fight parasites is to keep
:hem out of your herds and flocks in the first place. This calls for
;ood sanitation and management. An important step is to raise your
ivestock and poultry on newly rotated pastures or ranges and keep
hem away from contaminated permanent pastures and lots.
If parasites manage to Infest your livestock, see your vet- rinarian to find which pests are causing the trouble. Then, to be afe, follow his directions to get rid of them.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MARCH 8, 1952
Ladder Should Be Help--Not Hazard
URBANA- -Walking under ladders, like breaking mirrors, is supposed to be bad luck. But careless handling or reckless climbing of unsafe ladders can be disastrous!
Melvin Henderson, president of the Illinois Rural Safety Council, reports that falls cause more deaths among farm folk than any other type of killer except motor vehicle accidents. Falls from broken or dangerous ladders cause many of those deaths.
Henderson lists these commonsense safety rules for the care and use of ladders:
Keep ladders in good repair. Before using them, check care- fully for rusted or loose bolts and nails, and cracked, rotten or loose rungs or supports. Make the needed repairs immediately.
Set the ladder securely before climbing it, with the bottom placed about one-fourth the height of the ladder away from the wall. Don't take chances on having the ladder slip. Tie it, or have some- one hold it.
Always face the ladder when climbing up or down, and hold on with both hands, taking one step at a time. Any tools or materials you can't carry in your pockets should be hoisted with a hand line.
Work facing the ladder and holding on with one hand. Don't overreach or pull or push too hard while working. And never work on a ladder in a high wind.
Store ladders in a handy place in case of fire or other emergencies. But place them carefully where they can't fall over, or be tipped over, and where people won't run into them.
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VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MARCH 10, 1952
lew Pe3t--Splttlebug--Appear3 Only Threat In 1952 Insect Outlook
URBANA--A new Insect in Illinoi3--the splttlebug--appears to
e the only threatening pest in the state-wide insect situation for
952. Otherwise the outlook is for little insect damage.
H. B. Petty, entomologist in the Illinois College of Agri-
ulture and Illinois Natural History Survey, emphasizes the difficulty
T forecasting insect outbreaks even six months in advance. But, from
nformation now on hand, this is the insect outlook for 1952:
The new splttlebug pest appears threatening in about 25
3rtheastern counties--north and east of a line from Paris to Bloom-
igton to Freeport. The situation may be severe, especially on clover
id alfalfa, and all signs point to more trouble than in the past.
)me 100,000 acres of legumes in the danger area are expected to
'ofit greatly from spraying with BHC or lindane in late April or
.rly May,
European corn borer numbers were cut down to a low of about
: borers per 100 stalks of corn as of October 1951. With the present
"pulation, first-generation borers this summer cannot be very damag-
g. But, if everything favors the borer, numbers can become threat-
iing by next fall.
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Insect Outlook - add 1
For chinch bugs and grasshoppers, only severe drought during late May and June could favor them enough to cause much trouble from either pest.
Wirevorms have been more numerous during the past two years, but Petty cannot predict whether or not they will be serious this years.
A recurrence of damage from white grubs, like we had in 1950, will not come until 1953* But eggs will be laid this summer which will hatch and overwinter as small white grubs to bother us in 1953 •
Grape colaspis may cause trouble again this year. MCDibb -30-
Have Practical Land-Use Program Ready After Brush Removal
URBANA- -Regardless of how brush is removed, it's important for a farmer to have a practical program of land use for the land after it is cleared, says Fayette county Farm Adviser J. B. Turner.
He tells of one man who leased 50 acres for five years. Ten acres were in heavy timber; the rest was covered with blackberries, sprouts and buck brush. The first summer the 40 acres provided pas- ture for only 10 cows. Late that summer the farmer mowed it and wind- rowed the brush with a stalk rake so that it could be burned. He then spent $30 an acre for lime, phosphate and a seeding mixture of Ladino, lespedeza, timothy and fescue.
During 1951, 50 cattle were grazed on this pasture from April 1 to November 1. Weighing records showed that the steers gained an average of 2 pounds a day and sold at 30 cents a pound. At that rate the gain amounted to 60 cents per day" per animal, or a to- tal of $25 per day for the herd.
Turner figures the return from this reclaimed brush pasture amounted to more than $75 an acre last summer alone, with three years more to go on the lease.
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/ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, MARCH 11, 1952
High-Earning Poultry Businesses Earn $3,0C0 More for 1936-^3 .
URBANA- -High-earning poultry enterprises earned $3,CCC more than low-earning poultry businesses for the IC years 1936-45. That's enough to pay a good share of a boy's or girl's expenses for four years in college.
That's the report in Bulletin 5^8, Just issued by the Illi- nois College of Agriculture and written by M. L. Mosher, retired farm management specialist with 45 years of experience.
In Bulletin 5^8, Mosher reports on 100 north-central Illi- nois farms that kept complete records on their poultry business for 1936-45. The 3C' farms with highest returns averaged $220 income for each $1C0 spent for feed. The 30 farms with lowest returns averaged only $141.
That $79 difference, when applied to the average flock in the group, amounted to just over $300 annually, or a good $3, COO for the 10 years. The average flock of 157 hens ate $390 worth of feed yearly.
The lO-year average return for all flocks was $177 for each
$100 spent for feed.
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$3,000 More on Poultry - add 1
^ Mosher found six reasons for larger earnings when he com- pared the 30 high-earning flocks with the 30 low-earners.
The flocks with highest returns earned an average of 88 cents (23 percent) more per hen.
Feed cost per hen was 53 cents (20 percent) less.
High-earning flocks laid 22 more eggs per hen (I8 percent).
The price received for eggs was 1 cent a dozen more.
A larger share of eggs were laid during October, November and December.
High-return flocks were given more protein feeds in propor- tion to total weight of all feed fed.
Bulletin 5^8 tells the farming methods followed by high- earning poultry, swine, dairy, sheep and beef cow farms. You can get a free copy from your farm adviser or the College of Agriculture.
LJN:bb -30-
Wider Interest Being Shown in Broiler Contest
URBANA --Wider interest is being shown in the 1952 Illinois Junior Chicken-of -Tomorrow contest than in the preceding two contests, I reports Sam Ridlen, poultryman in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
Requests for entry blanks have come from several counties not represented in other years, and ^-H and FFA members seem to be showing a livelier interest than before.
The contest, to stimulate interest in raising broilers, is open to any Illinois boy or girl between 10 and 21 years of age. At- tractive prizes of ribbons, trophies and cash will be awarded to sec- tional and state winners, and a certificate to everyone who completes the contest. Deadline for entries is midnight, March 20. You can get rules and entry blanks from farm advisers, high school agriculture teachers or hatcherymen.
-30- LJN;bb 3-7-52
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/ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE V/EDNESDAY, MARCH 12, 1952
Build Combination Hog House
URBANA--A combination hog house was recommended today for Illinois swine raisers who need more shelter for sows and baby pigs during spring farrowing season.
Farm buildings specialist H. L. Wake land, in the Illinois College of Agriculture, says the movable building can serve as a cen- tral farrowing house with six pens now at spring farrowing time and for summer farrowing. Later this spring, summer and fall it can serve as a unit house for shade and shelter.
The combination hog house is shown in Plan 511, available for 30 cents from the College of Agriculture, Urbana,
Each side, 8 by 20 feet in size, has a wide roof overhang which covers a central alleyway when the two halves are pulled to- gether to face each other. With a removable 2-inch wood floor, you have most of the labor-saving features of a central house.
Wakeland thinks two men could build both halves in only two
days, maybe less. Even if you buy the lumber and materials, it should
cost only about $400 for both units, and possibly less. Native farm
woodlot lumber should cost only about half as much.
LJN:bb -3O-
3-.7-52
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MARCH 12, 1952
Sell Cull Cows, Veal Calves on Seasonally High Market
URBANA-- Illinois dairymen can increase their income from the sale of cull cows and veal calves by selling on the seasonally high market, says W. J. Wills, University of Illinois livestock marketing man.
Wills gives these five simple precautions in shipping cat- tle to market which should help to increase returns by reducing losses from death, crippling and bruising:
(1) Avoid overcrowding, (2) provide good loading facilities, (3) dehorn cows before shipping, (4) give them adequate bedding, and (5) protect them from excessive heat or cold.
Income from sale of cull cows and calves is more important than most persons realize. Wills says. In Illinois it amounts to about one- third as much as returns from dairy products.
Under a free market cull cows normally sell at highest prices in May. Poorest months are October and November. Dairymen who arrange to have their cows freshen in the fall, when milk prices are highest, can pick out the low producers and sell them on the sea- sonal high spring market.
For veal calves, seasonally high prices are paid from Sep- tember through February. For dairy calves, there is no particular seasonal high period.
Wills also urges dairymen to raise heavier cows for three reasons: (1) Heavier cows, especially of the heavier breeds, tend to produce lower test milk and present price differentials generally en- courage lower test milk. (2) Heavier cows tend to grade higher when sold for meat. (3) Heavier cows tend to produce heavier calves.
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FERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MARCH 13, 1952
Prizes Listed for Junior Broiler Contest
URBANA--A long and attreotive list of prizes has been set up for the 1952 Illinois Junior Chicken-of -Tomorrow contest, announces Sam- Ridlen, University of Illinois poultryman.
Sizable cash prizes and ribbons will be awarded down to ICth place to sectional winners in the northern, central and southern dis- tricts. Five trophies will go to the state winners. Each contestant will receive a certificate showing how his entry rated.
Ridlen says several hundred dollars in prize money has been furnished by the Illinois Poultry Improvement Association, one of the sponsors of the contest. Other sponsors are the state department of agriculture. College of Agriculture, and poultry industry.
The contest aims to encourage more efficient broiler produc- tion. Any young person in Illinois who is between 10 and 21 years of ige when the contest begins is eligible to enter. Deadline for en- tries is midnight, Thursday, March 20, just one week from today. Farm idvisers, high school agriculture teachers and hatcherymen have entry olanks .
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MARCH 13, 1952
Illinois Turkeys Have Less Pullorum Disease
URBANA--Pullorum disease has been handed a decisive defeat by Illinois turkey breeders. With this defeat Illinois becomes a leading state in pullorum disease eradication in turkeys.
Dr. J. 0. Alberts, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says, "Ninety-five percent of the flocks tested under the Illinois Turkey Growers' Association plan this year were pullorum free. For the past four years only about 25 percent of the flocks have been free of the disease."
The thing that whipped pullorum, says Dr. Alberts, was buy- ing turkey eggs from pullorum-free breeding flocks and hatching them in pullorum-free hatcheries. Plans for making this attack were made I last year at a meeting of Illinois turkey growers.
Members of the turkey growers' association drew up a strict pullorum disease eradication plan. Much of its success is credited to the fact that the pullorum-controlled classification of the Na- tional Turkey Improvement Plan was discarded in Illinois, and only the pullorum-clean and pullorum-passed flocks were recognized.
Thirty-eight turkey flocks with 16,000 birds were tested this year by the veterinary college. Thirty-six of the flocks were free of pullorum disease on the first test, and two flocks were free on the second test.
Dr. Alberts believes turkey raisers will demand pullorum- free turkey poults in the future because they have increased livabil- ity. In addition, he says that flocks free of pullorum disease produce a more uniform, profitable and high quality bird.
-30- LEA:bb 3-10-52
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Radio News
fERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MARCH 14, 1952
Chemical Spray Cleans Out Brush Before Tree-Planting
URBANA--YOU can almost entirely clean out the "weeds'' in an area to be planted as a farm forest by spraying the brush before you plant the young trees.
Forester Ralph Lorenz In the Illinois College of Agriculture says the "weeds" in proposed forest areas are the woody shrubs and small, undesirable trees which compete with trees planted for timber.
Mixed brush of this type in Hancock county was largely eliminated from a forest planting site, set aside for reforestation, by a mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. Brush was mostly elm, bur oak, hawthorn, hickory and shingle oak. It ranged from 3 to 12 feet high.
After sprayings in July 1950 and July 1951, 96 percent of the
350 shrubs and weed trees had dead tops and either no basal sprouts or
only weak sprouts. The other 4 percent had a partial kill of leaves.
Every single shrub or weed tree was affected by the spray.
You can use a foliage spray about midsummer containing about ? pounds each of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T acids per 100 gallons of water. Or rou can spray the base of the brush, perferably when the plant is dor- nant, at the rate of 16 pounds of 2,4,5-T acid per 100 gallons of kero- 3ene, fuel oil or distillate. A regular farm crop sprayer can do the job.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MARCH l4, 1952
Two Suggestions on Landscaping
URBANA--A University of Illinois landscape gardening speci- alist today urged home owners to buy only the plants and shrubs they need and not to look for any bargains.
H. R. Kemmerer says a nursery catalog can be a big help in planning the landscaping for your home grounds. But don't let pretty pictures sell you plants you don't need. Each plant you buy should fit into your over-all landscape plan.
As for bargains, cheap plants often look attractive for only a short time, while the better ones last for several years. In gen- eral, buy good plants, even if it means buying fewer of them and de- laying completion of your landscaping. It will cost you less in the long run and you'll be more satisfied.
Woody ornamental plants are generally sold in three size groups: seedlings or rooted cuttings, small plants that require a few years to grow to effective size, and medium-sized plants that give immediate effect.
Seedlings or rooted cuttings are cheapest, but they're so small they should be planted in a nursery row first, where you can water, weed and protect them before transplanting to their final lo- cation.
Small-sized plants are moderate in price, give a fairly good ornamental effect in a year or two, and are less liable to injury than the seedlings.
Medium-sized plants give immediate ornamental effect, but are more costly and the shock of transplanting may slow down their growth so that the smaller ones will catch up in a short time.
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.livers Ity of Illinois
College of Agriculture
Extension Service
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MARCH 15, 1952
Livestock Parasite Control Calls for More Sanitation
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URBANA--If you try to short-change your livestock by at- tempting to control parasites with drugs instead of sanitation, they'll short-change you by bringing lower prices at market time.
Dr. N. D. Levine, animal parasitologist. University of Il- linois College of Veterinary Medicine, says there is no substitute for good sanitation when you raise livestock. Drugs cannot undo the
damage already done by worms ,
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• The way to fight parasites is to keep them out of your
herds and flocks in the first place. There's nothing hard about it.
i Provide clean, disinfected quarters or clean, noninfested
pastures for the birth of young animals. Separate the young animals
from the adults as soon as possible. Avoid poorly drained pastures,
rotate pastures frequently and don't overstock them.
Dr. Levine says babies of the barnyard live better, gain
faster and utilize feed more profitably when they are kept free of
parasites.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MARCH 15, 1952
Entries Coming in at Good Rate for Junior Broiler Contest
URBANA- -Entries have been coming in at a pretty good rate for the 1952 Illinois Junior Chicken-of -Tomorrow contest. Thirty- three entries from 12 counties had been received as of last Wednesday, reports Clarence Ems, contest chairman.
With the deadline set for next Thursday, March 20, the entries are now coming in fast. Ten were received last Tuesday alone. Ems adds that several counties that had no entries in other years have already sent in several this year.
Ems thinks the total this year will about equal or possibly
exceed the 1951 record number of I78 contestants from 3^ counties.
Any Illinois boy or girl between 10 and 21 years of age is eligible to enter the Junior Chicken-of -Tomorrow contest. Its purpose is more efficient broiler production. At least $400--and maybe more-- is available in total prize money. You can get entry blanks from ;farm advisers, high school agriculture teachers and hatcherymen.
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New DHIA Member Saves $70 Worth of Grain in One Month
URBANA --Clarence Netemeyer, Clinton county dairyman, has saved almost the full cost of his dairy herd improvement association fees for all of 1952 in only one month--by cutting down on his cows' grain and feeding them according to production.
Vincent Kohrs, DHIA tester, says that Netemeyer, a new DHIA member, had been feeding 1 pound of grain for each 1 2/3 pounds of milk produced daily. This was at least twice as much grain as he needed to feed .
Kohrs says the extra grain was costing Netemeyer $70 a nonth for his 6-cow herd. Annual cost of DHIA testing in Clinton 30unty is only about $85. Your farm adviser can tell you about .1oin- Lng a dairy herd improvement association to increase your returns.
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Radio News
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MARCH 1?, 1952
Grape Colaspls May Be Corn Threat
URBANA--Grape colaspis, a corn insect which has had its ups and downs in Illinois recently, may cause trouble again this year, according to H. B. Petty, entomologist at the Illinois College of Agriculture and Illinois Natural History Survey.
Normally the grape colaspis is found only in corn fields where clover or soybeans grew the year before. In those cases the insect overwinters in the soil as a small grub which feeds on the corn roots .
Petty says damage from the insect is almost impossible to detect until the corn is at least 4 to 8 inches high, and sometimes not until it has reached 2 feet. The sign of grape colaspis damage is purple streaking on the lower leaves of the corn--al30 typical of a phsophate deficiency.
Petty recommends these measures to help control the pest:
Plow red clover, lespedeza and redtop as early as possible this spring. Keep down weed growth by disking and checking fertility. Delay planting and add a starter fertilizer high in phosphate content.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MARCH 17, 1952
Save Third of Time and Labor Wltb Milking Room and Pen-Type Barn
URBANA --Illinois dairymen can save about one- third of the time and labor in milking cows by using a well -designed milking room with loose housing, instead of the usual stanchion-type barn.
That's what observations plus time-travel studies have ac- tually shown on Illinois dairy farms, says Thayer Cleaver, federal agricultural engineer stationed at the Illinois College of Agriculture.
Tests show that in an ordinary stanchion barn one operator
with two bucket- type milking machines can milk about l8 cows an hour.
But in a milking room with three elevated stalls one operator with
two bucket-type machines can milk about 25 cows an hour. In both
cases buildings were well arranged and operators used good work
' I methods.
•r Milking rooms with loose housing are faster and easier for
milking because they require fewer operators and they can be easily
[Changed to meet your own situation.
Here are recommended combinations of operators and machines "for a milking room and loose-housing setup for various-sized herds:
For fewer than 10 cows: one operator, two elevated milking stalls and one machine. For 10 to 15 cows: one operator, two stalls and two machines. For 15 to 30 cows: one operator, three or four stalls and two machines.
Cleaver has found also that most cows eat their concentrates in about six minutes in the milking room. For exceptionally high pro- iucers needing more grain, seven and one-half minutes seem enough. 3ut in conventional stanchion barns cows often take 12 to 15 minutes.
You can get plans for efficient arrangement of both stan- chion and loose -housing barns from the College of Agriculture, Urbana .
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FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, MARCH l8, 1952
Deadline for Entering Broiler Contest Is Thursday, March 20
URBANA--With deadline for entries this Thursday, March 20, mtries for the 1952 Illinois Junior Chicken-of -Tomorrow contest are jontinulng to come in at a good rate.
Sam Ridlen, extension poultryman in the Illinois College tf Agriculture, says the contest offers young folks an excellent op- >ortunity to learn how to raise broilers. This project could easily TOW into a nice business of their own. Either 50 cockerels or ICC traight-run chicks are to be fed for 11 weeks.
Besides the experience they gain, contestant's have a chance 0 share in $400 in prize money, plus ribbons and trophies. And veryone who completes the contest will receive a certificate showing Dw his entry placed.
Any Illinois young person between 10 and 21 years of age is ligible to enter the contest. It is sponsored by the Illinois oultry Improvement Association, state department of agriculture and ollege of Agriculture. You can get entry blanks from farm advisers, -Lgh school agriculture teachers or hatcherymen. Remember, deadline ■)r entries is midnight, this Thursday, March 20--only two days away.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, MARCH l8, 1952
Three Reasons for Low February -March Hog Prices
URBANA- -Larger supplies of pork, dovetailing of spring and fall pig crops, and cautious buying on the part of consumers are the three reasons for an unseasonal slump in hog prices now.
That's the explanation of W. L. Fitzgerald, agricultural economist in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
In February hog prices were about $5.00 per hundredweight less than a year earlier. Normally, though, prices show some strength in February and March- -between the usual early winter and spring seasonal price drops.
Briefly, we have larger supplies of pork than we had a year ago. Consumers are taking this supply only at lower prices.
Fitzgerald says much of the story of abnormally low hog
prices lies in rate of hog slaughter. For the United States the
slaughter rate averaged 7 1/2 percent higher than a year ago. That
neans more pork.
Also, there was overlapping of spring and fall pig crops. Iilarly fall farrowings showed an increase last year. These pigs are low coming to market in large numbers. Thus the spring run started earlier than usual and there has not been the normal sharp drop in narket receipts at this season, which would strengthen prices.
Finally, a year ago consumers were on a buying spree. They l^ere buying meat and other items aggressively. That is not true today. I'hey're saving more and buying conservatively.
' This slow consumer reaction has reflected on wholesale pork prices, which for February at Chicago averaged 20 percent lower than t year ago, and also on live hog prices at Chicago, which were down '2 percent.
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Extension Service
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FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MARCH 19, 1952
Alternate Grazing Like Sleep
URBANA- -Alternate grazing of pastures has the same effect on a field as sleep has on a person, according to pasture specialists in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
We all need a good night's rest so that we'll be ready to /ork the next day. And a pasture needs an occasional rest so that slants can recover from the grazing and be In strong condition to ["urnish more feed.
Dixon Springs tests have shown that moderate, alternate
grazing produced the highest animal gains per acre from legume-grass
lixtures.
I ■ In these tests four 20-acre fields, each with the same soil
<|;reatment and seeding, were grazed differently. Field 1 was pastured
leavily and continuously; field 2, moderately and continuously; field
, heavily and alternately; and field 4, moderately and alternately.
For 19^8-50, the 3-year average gains were 3^9 pounds an ere on field 4, grazed moderately and alternately. This was the Ighest average for any field.
Both heavily grazed fields have lost many of the legumes, hile the moderately grazed fields still have a desirable mixture of rasses and legumes after four years of grazing.
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VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MARCH 20, 195^
Deadline for Entering Broiler Contest Tonight, Midnight
URBANA--With 68 entries received In four days, It looks as If a record number of Illinois young folk will enter the 1952 Junior Chlcken-of -Tomorrow contest before the deadline for entries today, Thursday, at midnight.
That's the view of Clarence Ems, contest committee chairman.
Ems reported 101 entries from 26 counties as of last Monday, ijrhls was a gain of 68 entries and 14 counties over the preceding Wed- pesday. Leading county was Stephenson with 19 entries, followed by iiOgan with 12 and Madison with nine.
Ems noted last Monday that, with four more days to go before
the March 20 deadline, entries were still coming in at a good rate.
Jhances therefore look good for this year's entries to exceed the
'ecord of I78 entries from 34 counties last year.
The contest, to encourage better broiler production. Is )pen to any Illinois young boy or girl from 10 to 21 years of age. ;*rlces include $400 in cash, plus ribbons and trohpies. In addition, ijveryone who completes the 11-week feeding period will receive a cer- I'lflcate. Besides possibly receiving one of these prizes, entrants pan learn about raising broilers and possibly develop their own busl- jiess from that experience. You can get entry blanks from high school Igrlculture teachers, farm advisers or hatcherymen.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MARCH 20, 1952
Svlne Grower '3 Day Set for April 10, Urbana
URBANA --Practical aspects of feeding artificial milk to pigs will highlight the Illinois Swine Growers' Day, scheduled for April 10 at the University of Illinois, Urbana.
S. W. Terrill, head of the swine division of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture, says the program will center around what's new in swine feeding.
Supplementing high-protein corn, results of creep-feeding experiments, protein studies and research results with antibiotics will also be featured.
Robert Buck, master hog producer from Ainsworth, Iowa, •fill tell about hog-raising in Washington county, Iowa. Damon Catron, lead of the swine division at Iowa State College, will discuss new levelopments in swine feeding there.
j In the only shift away from feeding on the program, L. E. rohnson. Bureau of Animal Industry of the U. S. Department of Agri- culture, will tell about new milestones in animal breeding research.
Everyone who wants to view the experiments now under way at he college will have a chance to tour the swine farm from 8 to :30 a.m. All other sessions will be held in the auditorium. CD:bb -30-
One way to grow more corn is to plant more acres and pour on he fertilizer. Another way is to grow more legumes in a rotation, ests have shown in a 3-year rotation of corn-corn-wheat, corn yield as 38 bushels an acre per year. With two years of alfalfa added to his rotation, corn yield jumped to almost 70 bushels an acre.
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VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOIsr SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MARCH 21, 1952
Clean Up Entire Farmstead Before Spring Work
URBANA--Before the busy spring work season, one of the most sensible jobs you can do Is to extend spring housecleanlng to your vhole farm. It's for your own safety.
Studies from the Illinois Rural Safety Council show that, next to poor judgment, disorder is the largest single cause of in- juries. Rural safety specialists in the Illinois College of Agricul- ture say that various forms of trash are responsible for hospitalizing Dne out of every five farm accident victims.
So Indoors and outdoors, get rid of trash, paper, scattered 50xes and boards, rags and rubbish. They're serious fire hazards and Ldeal breeding places for rats.
Tear down and dispose of broken, wobbly steps which can ;ripple someone for life.
Remove old, tottery buildings on your farmstead. They cer-
:ainly don't make your place look any prettier, and their often the
lause of serious injuries.
Throw out unmarked bottles of poison, and don't take chances ven on clearly marked poisons. Be absolutely sure they're out of •each of your children and animals.
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Illinois Farm Nevs - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MARCH 21, 1952
Svlne Brucellosis Testing in Illinois Doubles In 1951
URBANA--Illlnoi3 farmers had a record high of 30,023 hogs tested for brucellosis during 1951- In 1950, only 15,862 swine were tested.
Dr. G. T. Woods, veterinarian at the University of Illinois, says that, although more hogs were tested in 1951, only 8 percent of them were reactors or suspects. More than 12 percent were reactors or suspects in 1950.
The county with the largest number of swine tested was Henry i/ith 2,903. No swine were tested in six counties.
Dr. Woods credits the increase of brucellosis testing to the lew state law which requires boars to be tested and free of brucel- losis before they can be sold. He believes the law has brought a new 'brucellosis-conscious attitude" to many swine breeders.
"But many thousands more boars, sows and gilts must be :ested each year and eradication programs put into effect before there ;an be any hope of eradicating brucellosis from Illinois swine herds," )r. Woods says.
The veterinarian adds that the importance of eradicating
Tucellosis from Illinois swine cannot be overemphasized. The disease
ften causes storms of abortions and breeding failures in sows. And
n humans it causes the severe disease known as undulant fever.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
Radio News
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 1952
Trees for Refore3tatlon Still Plentiful
URBANA- -Illinois farmers with reforestation plans can still get plenty of trees in several varieties, according to W. F. Bulkley, forester at the Illinois College of Agriculture.
For southern Illinois, the varieties on hand include lob- lolly, shortleaf, Virginia and pitch pines; cottonwoods and soft maples; and multiflora rose (Grade 1 recommended).
Farmers in northern and central Illinois can still get Jack and pitch pines, and white pine, which will thrive any place in the state if the soil is good. In hardwoods, black locust, cotton- wood, soft maple, red gum, sycamore and multiflora rose are still plentiful.
For eroded soil, washed areas or southern slopes, Bulkley recommends jack or pitch pine or, especially in southern Illinois, Virginia pine.
For more information, price lists and order blanks, write to the Department of Forestry, University of Illinois, Urbana .
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 1952
Five Nev Greenhouse Mums to Be Released
URBANA--Pive new varieties of greenhouse chrysanthemums will be released to florists next fall, announces John Culbert, flower specialist in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
Two of them will he the latest blossoming types of any on the market. They are Illini Snowbound, a white decorative blossom, and Illini Yellow Snowbound, a yellow "sport" from Illini Snowbound.
These two mums bloom during the first week of January. Cul- bert says they are distinctly later in maturing than most mums, which normally blossom any time between October 15 and December 25.
Illini Yellow Snowbound developed from a yellow blossom that appeared for some unknown reason on the white variety later named Illini Snowbound. A sudden change like this, in which offspring are greatly different from parents, is called a "sport" or mutation. Several commercial varieties of fruits, vegetables and flowers have originated as "sports."
The other three new mums to be introduced next December are
Illini Igloo, a white pompon; Illini Sunspot, a large yellow pompon;
and Illini Tangier, a red-bronze decorative type.
University of Illinois floriculture students made the crosses to produce the five new mums as part of their regular class vork. Culbert chose the parent lines. These five new varieties i^ill increase the total number of varieties released under this system to eighty.
Culbert emphasizes the fact that the new mums are green- house varieties for commericial florists, not for home gardeners. The University has no plants for distribution.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MARCH 24, 1952
Antibiotics Do Most Good for Young Pigs
URBANA- -Antibiotics do the most good for swine when they're
fed to young pigs --from weaning to 100 pounds llveweight, according to
a swine specialist In the Illinois College of Agriculture.
D. E. Becker says Illinois tests show no benefit to baby
pigs from adding antibiotics to the ration of brood sows between
breeding and weaning times. The antibiotics don't seem to be harmful,
but they're not necessary.
For healthy growing-fattening pig3--between weaning and
LOO pounds liveweight--antlbiotlcs speed up the rate of gain from 10
:o 20 percent, largely because the pigs eat more feed. But when pigs
wer 100 pounds llveweight are fed antibiotics, they have shown only
ibout a 5 percent increase in gains.
For unhealthy pigs, adding antibiotics during the growing-
'attening period may boost average dally gains 100 percent or more.
nhealthy pigs respond better because antibiotics cut down on scours,
iarrhea and some forms of enteritis.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 POP RELEASE MONDAY, MARCH 24, 1952
Hov About This Handy Farrovlng Stall?
URBANA- -Although spring farrowing season is fairly well along, there's still time to build a handy farrowing stall.
S. W. Terrill, head of swine work at the Illinois College of Agriculture, says farrowing stalls are meant for use indoors In a farrowing house or an old barn.
This particular stall has the following advantages:
It saves many baby pigs that might otherwise be crushed, because it's built in such a way that the sow can't lie on her pigs so easily or bite them.
It saves space because it's smaller than the usual farrow- ing pen. It requires only a 4 by 8 foot space for sow and litter. Then, too, you can use one farrowing stall for several sows during a farrowing season by moving sows and litters out onto pasture soon after farrowing.
Another advantage is the saving in time because the sows need less attention during farrowing. And the stalls are probably less expensive than a farrowing crate which is enclosed on all sides.
It's also probably easier to clean a farrowing stall than a regular farrowing pen, and it's easier to catch the baby pigs.
One drawback to this farrowing stall is that it may be harder to feed and water the sow.
County farm advisers have a printed sheet with pictures and directions for this farrowing stall, which was designed by Iowa
State College.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, mRCH 25, 1952
Plant Oats New Way--In Wide Rovs; Get More Corn
URBANA--It may sound funny, but by plugging every other hole In your grain drill this spring, you should be able to boost your corn yield nicely in 195^.
That's the report today from a University of Illinois crops specialist, G. H, Dungan. He says you can plug every other hole /rith a small removable metal plate.
By planting oats in 14- or l6-inch rows instead of the isual 7- or 8-lnch width, you'll probably Icse about 5 bushels of )ats worth around $5 at today's prices, but you should gain some 25 )U3hQl3 of corn worth about $50 or so.
Dungan explains that wide rows let lots more sunlight get lown to the legumes seeded in oats, and legumes need lots of bright Ight for best growth. You'll lose about 10 percent in oat yields, nd test weight will average about 5 percent lighter. But you'll et a much better legume stand in your grain.
Then let the legume stand over for a year, using it for ay or pasture during that time and returning the animal manure to
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, MARCH 25, 1952
Oats in Wide Rows - add 1
the soil. When you plow down the legumes in the spring of 195^ just before corn in the rotation, the extra green manure should boost your corn yields by about 25 bushels an acre.
That has been the result during 7 years of tests at the College of Agriculture. Many farmers who have planted oats in wide rows have had similar results. And the same story has been reported from Ohio, Kansas, Iowa, New Jersey, Oklahoma, Michigan and Nebraska.
Most grain farmers would probably prefer to plow down a
catch crop of legumes the year after seeding, in 1953, instead of
letting it stand over a year. Dungan says they should get almost
js good a response in larger crop yields from a catch crop legume
13 from a standover. And they should be able to increase the ni- trogen in the green manure of a catch crop by seeding oats in wide ?ows .
Uncle Sam is calling for more corn this year, and we should lo all we can to produce more--without hurting the soil. But, says Xingan, now is the time to get ready for bumper corn yields in 1953 ind 195^. We'll probably need all the corn we can grow then, too.
Dungan' s tests with l6-inch rows showed 43 percent more '.lover plants per acre, and they were 20 percent taller in August fter the oats were harvested. He used red clover. He figures con- ervatively that this extra growth should mean one more ton of lover--roots and tops--containing 40 pounds of nitrogen. It takes i pounds of nitrogen to grow 1 bushel of corn. So that extra 4C >ounds of nitrogen should produce about 27 more bushels of corn when lowed down.
All you need to do is sow at the regular rate--2 bushels an cre--and plug every other hole in your grain drill with a small, emovable tin plate.
Besides letting in more sunlight, wide rows make for less edging of small grain and thus let in still more sunlight. And ompetition for plant foods is cut down.
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'ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MARCH 26, 1952
Pig '3 Needle Teeth Cause Injuries
URBANA- -Needle teeth In your nevborn pigs may be tiny, but they're sharp enough to cause Injuries that pave the way for infection.
Dr. R. D. Hatch, University of Illinois College of Veter- inary Medicine, says germs which cause bullnose in pigs are often present in barnyards and lots. If pigs injure each other while fighting, these germs may get into the wounds and cause swollen noses and sore mouths .
Some families within most breeds of swine have trouble with needle teeth. If your pigs injure each other, their teeth should be clipped.
Dr. Hatch says to be careful not to injure the gum or the Jkin during the operation. If you do, you will be giving the germs :he same chance to cause infection.
Sometimes it's easier and safer just to dull the teeth
fith a file. But if you do clip the, be sure that you wash and ster-
lize the clipper and that you apply disinfectant to every injury.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MARCH 26, 1952
For Medium-Color Yolks, Keep Hens Off Green Pasture
URBANA--If you want to produce quality eggs that consumers prefer, keep your hens confined to the laying house.
That's the suggestion from poultry specialist Sam Ridlen in the Illinois College of Agriculture. He urges poultry farmers to keep their hens away from spring pastures now greening up.
The reason, explains Ridlen, is that too much grass and green plants cause dark yolks which are often strong in flavor. Consumers want medium-colored yolks with uniform color and no strong flavor. Careful control of the feed of laying hens will assure yolks which consistently have the desired medium color and taste.
Some eight to ten days before the yolk is released in the hen's body to become part of an egg, its color is determined by pigments from the hen's diet. These pigments are found in grasses and other green plants, leaf meals and yellow corn.
In the ordinary ration, dark coloring of the yolk rarely comes from corn and leaf meals. But grass and green plants in the diet do cause dark yolks.
Moreover, wide variation in yolk color happens in flocks allowed to run loose on pasture. Some hens stay close to the feed- ers, eating practically nothing but mash and scratch grain. These hens lay medium-colored yolks. Other hens range widely, eating lots of greenstuff s. They lay dark-colored yolks which generally are
strong in flavor and not popular with the quality -minded consumer.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR FELEASE THURSDAY, MARCH 2?, 1952
Rye Pasture Worth $90 an Acre
URBANA--When one acre pays you back $90 in only five months, that's something to talk about. Most farmers, you know, figure that they're doing all right if they gross $100 from one acre in a vhole year.
But Basil Slagle, Brown county hog raiser, says that a 6- acre rye pasture saved him $5^0 worth of feed from last September 10 to February 10. He figured corn at $1.90 a bushel and protein sup- plement at $110 a ton. And since February 10 he's been getting lots )f feed before turning his pigs onto Ladino clover pasture this ipring .
Now is the time to plan things so that you'll have some of
his valuable rye pasture next spring.
Dick Carlisle, University of Illinois livestock specialist, ays Slagle' 3 rye pasture was in red clover in 1951. He plowed it ast August 1 and seeded two bushels of Balbo rye on August 15. On eptember 10 he turned in 20 gilts. A month later he took them off nd turned in 20 sows for about two weeks. Prom October 24 until ecember 1 he had 165 head of fall pigs on the pasture. On December he took them off and put 17 gilts and 115 pigs on. They were still here on February 10 with plenty of pasture still left.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MARCH 27, 1952
Nev Illinois Egg Law Not to Blame for Low Egg Prices
URBANA--The new Illinois egg grading law has not been an im- portant cause of lower prices paid to farmers for eggs recently.
That's the view of a University of Illinois agricultural economist L. H. Simerl. He says the drop in egg prices has been gen- eral throughout the whole country.
The U. S. average price for February 1952, compared with a year earlier, shows a drop of 6.8 cents. In Illinois the price was off 6.9 cents. The price in Indiana was down 6.4 cents; in Iowa, 7 cents; and in Missouri, 8.1 cents. These price drops are about the same as in Illinois; yet these states have no new egg law.
Another point: This February Illinois egg prices were 4.3 3ents below the U. S. average; in February 1951 Illinois farmers re- ceived 4.2 cents less than the U. S. average. These figures all show :hat the Illinois price drop has not been out of line with the U. S. iverage.
Simerl believes the two most important reasons for low egg )rices are probably increased production and uncertainty about future onsumer demand.
Egg production for the U. S. was 10 percent larger in Feb- uary than a year ago, but population increased only about one percent, long with this higher output, prices of many products were slipping n January and February, so dealers were not anxious to buy up large tocks of eggs .
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rERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MARCH 28, 1952
Simple Precautions Save Baby Pigs
URBANA--TWO simple precautions for saving as many baby pigs as possible from April farrowings are to use pens with guard rails or farrowing crates and to protect the pigs for the first few days with heat lamps or incubators.
Harry Russell, livestock specialist in the Illinois College of Agriculture, says it's important to follow these two pig-saving precautions because more than half of the pigs lost die during the first two days after farrowing. And in that time each dead pig has ilready cost you about 140 pounds of feed fed to the sow.
Russell advises feeding weak or chilled pigs small amounts
)f one part of corn syrup in two parts of water. If you keep pigs
)n wood or concrete floors for more than 10 days, swab the sow's
idder daily to help prevent anemia. Make the solution by dissolving
ine pound of copperas in three quarts of water.
Get the pigs started eating early by offering them cracked, lulled or rolled oats when they are two weeks old.
The sow's ration for the first 10 days after farrowing hould be bulky. One good ration is 30 pounds of corn, 30 pounds of ats, 25 pounds of wheat bran and 15 pounds of supplement. When the Igs take all the milk readily, drop the bran and increase the corn nd oats.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MARCH 28, 1952
Some Chemicals Used on Farms May Poison Livestock
URBANA--A University of Illinois veterinarian says lead is still the number 1 chemical killer of livestock in Illinois, although arsenic and poisonous plants cause their share of losses.
Dr. R. P. Link says that most chemicals are safe enough vhen used according to directions, but carelessness in using them leads to the loss of many animals each year»
Lead paints cause the majority of chemical poisonings. The paint never loses its poisonous effect, even though it has been on a board for 20 years. Animals licking or chewing the paint are likely to be poisoned.
Two other sources of lead are discarded paint buckets and the lead plates of discharged storage batteries or dry cells.
Sudan grass and wild cherry trees sometimes contain highly poisonous hydrocyanic acid. Livestock should not graze Sudan grass that has been stunted by drouth or by frost until the new growth is more than eight inches high. Leaves of wild cherry trees are most dangerous when the branch has been broken from the tree and the leaves are wilting.
The arsenic in lead arsenate sprays used on fruit trees is also a hazard to livestock health if the spray is handled carelessly. Sometimes it causes losses when the spray collects on the grass or 5-n ponds that are used as a water supply for livestock.
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'ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOM SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MARCH 29, 1952
Check Sump Pump Switch, Float and Drain
URBANA- -No thing is more useless than a sump pump under water in a flooded basement.
Frank Andrew, extension agricultural engineer at the Uni- versity of Illinois, says a pump covered with water obviously can't do its lob. Besides that, there's a good chance the water will com- pletely ruin the electric motor.
Before that happens to your pump this spring, better make sure it can operate as it should.
Corrosion and dirt may plug up a pump that has not operated since last spring or summer and keep it from starting. I Just to make sure the pump works, either fill the sump with a hose or lift the float with your hand to see that it will turn on
'the switch and start the motor. If the switch is corroded or the
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float is stuck, the motor probably won't start.
It's also a good idea to check the operating condition of (four pressure water system if it is installed in a pump pit. Spring thaws and rains increase the chances of water filtering into the pit, 5ven in a system that has kept out excess water all through the winter.
I Make sure the pit drain is open and can carry off any excess "^ater that may seep in.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MARCH 29, 1952
Here's a. Good Home-Mixed Chick Starting Mash
URBANA- -Illinois poultrymen who want to save mixing costs and use home-grown grain have been asking for a good chick starting mash they can mix themselves.
Sam Ridlen, extension poultryman at the Illinois College of Agriculture, has a starting mash that is showing good results on a number of Illinois farms, and the chicks really like it. Here it is:
For every 500 pounds of the mash, combine: 16? pounds of ground yellow corn, 100 pounds of pulverized oats, 50 pounds of ground wheat, 25 pounds of alfalfa meal, 90 pounds of soybean oil meal (41^ protein), 50 pounds of meat and bone scraps (50^ protein), 15 pounds of dried whey, l/lO pound of dry vitamin D (2,000 units per gram), 15/100 pound of feed grade manganese sulfate and 2 l/2 pounds of iodized salt.
This starting mash gives a 20 percent protein level.
Naturally, l/lO of a pound of vitamin D, or even 2 1/2
pounds of iodized salt, can't be evenly spread through a 500-pound
mash without mixing them beforehand with smaller quantities of the
mash.
So Ridlen suggests that poultrymen pre-mlx the vitamin D and salt with several pounds of the rest of the mixture, or with some Ingredient such as the 25 pounds of alfalfa, before adding it to the total 500-pound mash.
Other than grinding equipment, no special mixing tools will be needed. Ridlen says an ordinary scoop will do a thorough job of mixing.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MARCH 31, 1952
Svlne Protein Needs Will Highlight Svlne Growers* Day
URBANA --Well-balanced swine rations may not require so much protein as has been recommended, according to recent tests at the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station.
S. W. Terrill, head of swine work at the Illinois College of Agriculture, will discuss results of these tests at the Illinois Swine Growers' Day April 10 at Urbana .
Terrill says that actually it is the amino acids in protein that are vital to swine growth and maintenance, gestation and lacta- tion. He adds that a balanced ration containing soybean oil meal and other good protein sources will usually provide plenty of these amino acids. However, grains--corn, oats, etc . --usually have a rather poor :)alance of the essential amino acids.
Another topic highlighting the program for Swine Growers' !)ay will be a report on latest work at the College of Agriculture in i'eeding artificial milk to baby pigs.
L. E. Johnson, Bureau of Animal Industry, USDA, will discuss Latest research results in swine breeding. Robert Buck, master Iowa log producer, will tell about hog raising in Washington county, Iowa.
An optional tour of the swine farm is scheduled for 8 to ':30 a.m., with the program in the auditorium starting at 10 a.m.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MARCH 31, 1952
Report Issued on Custom Work Rates
URBANA--A report was Issued today by the Illinois College of Agriculture on estimated custom rates for farm work in 1952.
R. H. Wilcox, agricultural economist who compiled the report, says the custom rates for about 35 farm jobs are based on the esti- mates of over 850 Illinois farmers and custom spray operators. It Is their combined judgment of what they will pay when they hire custom rigs or what they will charge others to do the work.
All rates were compiled from a questionnaire filled in by farmers who hired custom work done and operators who did the work.
All farm advisers have a copy of the report, so you can get the going rates in your area from your county adviser. Or you can write to the College of Agriculture, Urbana, for a copy of the report. RHWrbb -3O-
Boost Production by Choosing Adapted Seed
URBANA--One important way Illinois farmers can help boost production of feed grains this year is to use improved varieties of 3eed best suited to their own area.
That's the urgent recommendation of folks in the Illinois !Jollege of Agriculture. Uncle Sam is calling for 15 percent more corn on six percent more acreage, so that means that larger yields are leeded to meet the goal. And we've been feeding corn faster than ^e've been producing it.
Choosing the best corn hybrid for your farm should be easy ifter looking over Bulletin 552 from the College of Agriculture. It ^ives the results of tests last year on 328 hybrids. They were com- pared as to yield, moisture content, lodging, percent of stand and in 5ome cases resistance to corn borer and various diseases. You can get I free copy of Bulletin 552 from your farm adviser.
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COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOM SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, APRIL 1, 1952
Tvo New Corn Hybrids Released
URBANA--TWO new, outstanding corn hybrids, developed at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture, have been approved for release to corn-belt farmers.
R. W, Jugenheimer, in charge of corn improvement work at the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, says they're "the best prospects turned out during the past several years."
The two new types are named AE3 805 and AES 702. There is no seed of either left for farmers to plant this season. However, there is plenty of foundation seed on hand for hybrid seed companies to plant. So seed should be plentiful for farmers next year.
A committee of plant breeders from 12 corn-belt states and the U. S. Department of Agriculture made the official approval re- cently at a meeting in Chicago. The group approved "only hybrids /ith outstanding performance," according to its report.
The group considered the performance record of 45 new ex- perimental hybrids chosen from among hundreds developed by 12 corn- )elt state agricultural colleges. Of these 45, only three were ipproved for release. Two of the three came from Illinois.
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Illinois Farm Nev/s - 2 FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, APRIL 1, 1952 Tvo New Corn Hybrids - add 1
AES 805, tested in seven states, yielded 99 bushels an acre., as against an average of 90 bushels for seven other hybrids tested in that group. AES 805 also was superior in resistance to lodging, smut and leaf blight disease. It ranked best of the group on ears dropped during harvesting, with none at all. The ears were also unusually free of husks, a desirable trait for machine harvesting.
AES 805 is adapted south of a line from Kankakee to Rock Island and to that belt in neighboring states.
AES 702, tested in five states, yielded 83 bushels an acre, a 3-bu3hel gain over the average of eight hybrids in that group. It was definitely superior to the others in resistance to leaf blight and lodging and was as good in all other characteristics.
AES 702 is adapted north of a line from Kankakee to Rock Island, except the Lake county area, and to that belt in nearby states
These two new hybrids are another example of practical re- turns from the $2 million research program of the College of Agricul- ture. About 250 scientists of all kinds are experimenting on some 325 projects in all branches of agriculture, home economics and vet- erinary medicine.
In a national magazine article on Illinois research, the writer says: "State statisticians estimate the cash returns to the nation of all University of Illinois discoveries at more than $4C0 million a year. "
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Two New Corn Hybrids - add 2
"As a result of the University's research," they say, "the industrialists and farmers of Illinois alone are making more money each year than the state has spent on the school since its founding in 1868."
Jugenheimer explains that growing experimental hybrids in several states with widely different soil and weather conditions tests them rather thoroughly. Testing these two Illinois hybrids in five or seven states amounted to the same thing as testing them for five or seven years in one location. Thus the testing program to prove a hybrid before releasing it to farmers is speeded up greatly.
For this summer, Illinois has entered eight of its best hybrids in the tests--more than any other midwestern state except Ohio, which also has entered eight.
Jugenheimer was unanimously named chairman of the hybrid corn technical committee which approves new hybrids. He will serve for three years.
LJNrbb -30-
Record Number Enter Broiler Contest
URBANA--A record-breaking total of 252 entries from 49 counties has come in for the 1952 Junior Chicken-of -Tomorrow contest, reports Clarence Ems, contest chairman.
This is considerably larger than the previous record of 178 entries from 3^ counties last year.
"It's the best we've ever had during the three years of the 3ontest," says Ems. He indicated, also, that enthusiasm of youngsters iTho entered was high. Deadline for entries was March 20.
Illinois boys and girls from 10 to 21 years of age will grow either 50 cockrels or 100 straight-run chicks for 11 weeks before re- gional and state final judging in June. Prices include at least $400 i.n cash plus ribbons and trophies. Everyone who completes the contest «^ill receive a certificate.
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lERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, APRIL 2, 1952
Catron to Discuss Svlne Feeding Research at Urbana
URBANA- -Damon Catron, one of the foremost authorities on swine in the Midwest and head of swine nutrition research at Iowa State College, will discuss recent research developments in vitamin B]^2 ^^^ other phases of swine feeding at the annual Swine Growers' Day April 10 at the Illinois College of Agriculture, Urbana.
Tests show that pigs lacking enough vitamin B12 do not reach top growth, do not feed efficiently, are extremely sensitive and have rough hair coats.
Tests at the Iowa Experiment Station indicate that the re- quirement for weanling pigs is about 4 micrograms of vitamin B^j^g P®^ pound of total ration.
Catron's talk will also cover results of many recent studies
on protein needs, amino acid requirements, the role of antibiotics in
swine rations, and synthetic milk for baby pigs.
Five talks by Illinois swine specialists will make up the morning session. Catron and two other out-of-state authorities will speak in the afternoon. Swine growers are invited to attend a swine iisease panel at the auditorium of the Veterinary Medicine building at 3:30 p.m.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, APRIL 2, 1952
Rotation of Pasture Controls Coccldiosis in Lambs
URBANA--YOU can get the jump on coccidipsis in your spring lambs this year by using good management practices, says a University of Illinois animal parasitologist.
Dr. N. D. Levine of the College of Veterinary Medicine points out that regular rotation of the lambs' pasture is the most important single step in controlling coccidiosis. Rotation prevents the pasture from becoming too highly contaminated.
Other important steps are to separate the lambs from the ewes as early as possible, provide clean drinking water, and feed balanced, nutritious rations.
Dr. Levine says coccidiosis is caused by a tiny parasite that is swallowed with contaminated grass or water. It strikes the intestinal tract, causing diarrhea and often death.
Young lambs less than two months old are most likely to get
the disease. Old ewes are usually infected with the germs but are
not harmed by them. The ewes are the ones that contaminate the
pastures and spread the disease to the lambs.
LEA:bb -30-
3-28-52
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' Illinois 4-H'ers will take part in eight national awards programs this year. All programs are more than 15 years old.
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Total numbers of livestock and poultry for 1952 are almost 9xactly at the average number for 1910-52. Although meat animal aumbers have been increasing fast since 19^9, they are still far short of the 19^4 peak.
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\^ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, APRIL 3, 1952
Svlne Growers' Day Has Added Session on Five Top Swine Diseases
URBANA--The latest news on the five top swine diseases. In- cluding anthrax, will be told at Swine Growers' Day next Thursday, April 10, at the University of Illinois.
Dean Robert Graham of the College of Veterinary Medicine says this new section on swine diseases has been added to the program. Five staff veterinarians will give the latest facts on anthrax, new hog cholera vaccines, gastroenteritis, atrophic rhinitis and swine dysentery.
These important diseases will be discussed in the auditorium of the new veterinary medicine building from 3:30 to 4 p.m. on April 10. You can also ask questions about these and other diseases from 4 to 4:30 p.m.
Anthrax has been identified by the veterinary college on 57 farms in l4 counties since last August.
Leaders of the discussions are H. S. Bryan, "Anthrax"*' P. D. Beamer, "New Hog Cholera Vaccines"; C. C. Morrill, "Gastroen- teritis"; G. T. Woods, "Atrophic Rhinitis : ^ and L. E. Boley, "Swine Dysentery. "
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Five More Swine Herds Have Anthrax
URBANA--Five new outbreaks of anthrax were Identified in swine by practicing veterinarians in Champaign. McLean, McDonough, Vill and Sangamon counties during the two weeks ending March 28.
Dr. P. D. Beamer, Univeraity of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says the disease has also been reported in DeWitt, Douglas. Edwards, Effingham. Logan, Macon, Macoupin, Menard and Ver-> ailion counties. The veterinary college and other laboratories have confirmed the diagnosis of anthrax on 57 farms since August.
Dr. Beamer says tests made by the veterinary college have revealed anthrax spores in a sample of imported bone meal.
Anthrax is an especially dangerous disease. It can strike nearly all farm livestock, including cattle, swine, horses and sheep. And it may also cause a severe infection in man.
In livestock anthrax often hits fast, causing deaths before the farmer knows his animals are sick. Swine often have a severe swelling in the neck region, although some die suddenly without show- |Lng any symptoms .
If you suspect anthrax. Dr. Beamer says to contact your
veterinarian and avoid handling sick or dead animals. Anthrax may
jpread to persons who handle sick or dead animals or their discharges.
I According to practicing veterinarians, penicillin and large loses of antianthrax serum are helpful in treating animals suffering *rom anthrax. Antianthrax serum is also valuable in preventing anthrax n healthy, exposed animals.
Anthrax has also been reported in Ohio, Indiana, Missouri, fowa, Wisconsin, Kentucky, Tennessee, Florida and California. Pour mmans have been infected in Ohio, Indiana, Florida and California.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, APRIL 4, 1952
Here's the Story of a Top Dairy Farm
URBANA- -Without hiring any labor, a father-son team on a northeastern Illinois dairy farm produced 383,000 pounds of milk last year--enough to give a pint a day to 1,050 persons for a whole year.
That's an excellent production record, says farm management specialist J. B. Cunningham in the Illinois College of Agriculture. But, more important, they produced all this milk at low cost. That's the kind of management that makes for good income.
Father and son milk 35 Holsteins on their 225-acre farm, and they have 23 heifers. They produced their large milk output with 22 months of labor, none hired.
Besides nearly 192 tons of milk, the two men produced 17,800 pounds of pork, 3,250 bushels of corn, 1,600 bushels of oats, 85O bushels of wheat, I50 tons of corn and grass silage and I50 tons of hay.
Yet all this production came from soil that rates only 5.5 in fertility, with 1 as best and 10 as poorest soil in Illinois 1
This efficient family team also keeps a small flock of sheep to control weeds and thus saves some labor on that Job.
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What '3 the secret of their high production success? It's made up of a lot of things like labor-saving tricks, careful records and good care of the soil. But mainly these five things spelled high returns to the father- son team:
1. High crop yields, especially roughage, on land that is well suited to growing roughage.
2. Maximum use of good-quality roughage, which means cheap feed cost.
3. High production of milk, veal calves and hogs at a low cost- -made possible by cheap feed and good management.
4. Healthy livestock through strict sanitation, vaccination, and balanced rations.
5. Attention to details. The family has kept farm records
in cooperation with the Extension Service for 20 years and has studied
them carefully with Don Smith, Farm Bureau Farm Management fieldman.
They're well informed and know how to put into practice the things
that fit their needs.
To save labor and boost production, the two men have hay bunks under the mow door, a hydraulic jack to raise self -unloading wagons, a grain elevator to elevate hay bales, an electric hay hoist to carry bales up to the top of the mow, a barn cleaner, automatic drinking cups in their conveniently arranged stanchion barn and auto- matic electric waterers for hogs and calves.
Father and son follow a six-year rotation on their own 170 acres: corn-oats-4 years of alfalfa-brome. On 55 acres of rented land, the rotation is indefinite. Their land has been tested and treated with lime, rock phosphate and potash. They use 150 pounds of 4-16-16 an acre on corn ground, an occasional light application of 33-0-0 on 40 acres of permanent pasture and 25 pounds of 0-20-0 with each load of manure.
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lERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, APRIL 5, 1952
Corrected Total of Entries for Broiler Contest la 24l
URBANA--A corrected total of 24l entries from 48 counties has been announced for the 1952 Illinois Junior Chicken-of -Tomorrow- contest by Clarence Ems, contest chairman.
An earlier total included some late entries received after the March 20 deadline.
The new total of 24l entries still sets a new record, ex- ceeding the previous high of I78 entries last year.
In the 1952 contest, Stephenson county led with 24 entries, followed by Logan county with I8, Mc Henry county with 17, Sangamon and Christian counties with I3 each, Monroe county with 12, Menard county with 11 and Shelby county with 10. LJN:bb -3O-
Gras shoppers No Problem if Weather Normal This Year
With normal weather conditions, grasshoppers probably won't be any problem to Illinois farmers this year.
H. B. Petty, entomologist at the Illinois College of Agri- culture and Natural History Survey, cautions that there may be spotted outbreaks if late May and early June are especially dry.
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Good Home -Mixed Chick Growing Mash Recommended
URBANA-- Illinois farmers with growing chicks have asked for a good growing mash they can mix themselves.
Sam Ridlen, extension poultry specialist in the Illinois College of Agriculture, recommends this mash which lets farmers make use of home-grown grains and saves mixing costs:
For every 500 pounds of mash, combine 192 pounds of ground yellow corn, 100 pounds of pulverized oats, 50 pounds of ground wheat, 25 pounds of alfalfa meal, 90 pounds of soybean oil meal (^1^ protein), 30 pounds of meat and bone scraps (50^ protein), 5 pounds of dried ifhej , l/lO pound of dry vitamin D (2,000 grams per unit), 2 1/2 pounds Df iodized salt, 1/4 pound of limestone and 15/100 pound of manganese 3ulfate--feed grade.
This growing mash gives an l8 percent protein level and will probably cost a little over $4 per hundredweight.
To spread the small amounts of vitamin D, limestone, iodized jalt and manganese sulfate evenly through the 50C-pound mash, it's a ^ood idea to pre -mix them with a smaller amount of the rest of the lash. Or they can be pre-mixed with one ingredient--such as alfalfa ieal--and then added to the rest of the mixture.
Except for grinding equipment, Ridlen says farmers do not
jieed any special tools. An ordinary scoop does a thorough mixing job.
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-2-52
J Broiler production can be a good money-maker for midwestern 'oultrymen, according to a poultry specialist at the Illinois College f Agriculture.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, APRIL 7, 1952
A»l 3vine Grower to Tell His Program at Svine Growers' Day
URBANA--A swine raiser with a highly successful program will outline his operations at Swine Growers' Day next Thursday, April 10, at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
Robert Buck, Master Hog Producer from Alnsworth, Iowa, plans to illustrate his talk with colored slides.
Buck recently earned the Master Hog Producer award given jointly each year by Iowa State College, Iowa Swine Producers associa- tion and radio station WHO. Only about 25 men are honored each year.
Buck relies on these practices to get top-notch results with
his baby pigs: a clean bed and pen; creep feeding--fir3t rolled or
hulled oats, then shelled corn and protein or pig meal; vaccination
for erysipelas at 2 weeks; castration at 3 or ^ weeks; vaccination
for cholera at 6 weeks; and weaning at 8 weeks.
Other highlights at Swine Growers' Day will include talks and demonstrations on practical aspects of feeding artificial milk to baby pigs, latest research results in swine breeding and recent work in feeding protein and antibiotics.
Prom 8 to 9:30 a.m., you can inspect the University of Il- linois swine farm. The program begins in the auditorium at 10 a.m.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, APRIL 7, 1952
Cull Hens That Are Not Producing
URBANA--Cull that loafer from your hen flockl She's eating expensive feed and returning little or nothing for it.
Sam Ridlen, extension poultry specialist in the Illinois College of Agriculture, says a four-pound hen loafing for a month will eat 4 3/4 pounds of feed.
With feed averaging about 4 1/4 cents a pound (half farm- produced grains at fair market prices and half laying mash), you'll be paying a little over 20 cents to feed her.
A six-pound hen that isn't producing eats about six pounds of feed a month, worth 25 1/2 cents.
You are wasting money if you board the loafers at the ex- pense of your good producers. Close and constant culling pays. MCD:bb -30-
Here'3 How to Seed Light, Chaffy Bromegrs.s3 Seed
URBANA--If you have trouble planting light, chaffy brome- grass, try this suggestion from University of Illinois agronomists:
Mix brcme seed with oats as a nurse crop, and seed the mix- ture with your grain drill. One word of caution: Don't plant the Mixture more than 1/2 inch deep.
Gandy or Brillion seeders and some fertilizer spreaders al- so will plant bronsgrass succsssfully . Early spring seeding of brome should be done between about March 24 and April 15.
The agronomists recommend seeding from 5 to 10 pounds an icre in a well-prepared seedbed with other grasses and legumes.
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Radio News
^ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, APRIL 8, 1952
Oats Do Not "Run Out" Genetically
URBANA--Oats do not "run out" over the years and decline to a lower yielding, generally poorer variety, says 0. T. Bonnett, plant breeder in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
Oats are self-fertile and there is almost no cross pollina- tion between varieties. So there is virtually no chance for genetic changes which would affect performance. Weather, fertilizers, seedbed and other physical conditions are some of the reasons why oat varie- ties perform differently in various seasons.
Bonnett says the oat variety called Sixty-Day has been grown at the University of Illinois since 1905 except for two years. Per the first 10 years, average yield was 58 bushels; for the second 10 years, 5^ bushels; for the third 10 years, 64 bushels; and for the fourth 10 years, 61 bushels.
Bonnett says Sixty-Day has not "run out" in yield; instead,
it has increased. Moreover, both the highest and the lowest yields
for any one year were grown in the 10-year period of highest average
yield.
Bonnett emphasizes that these differences in average 10-year yields are due mainly to weather and growing conditions and not to any change in the genetic makeup of the variety.
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Cheml5al Stump Removers Don't Do the Job
URBANA--It'3 easier than you think to remove tree stumps from your home grounds. But so-called "sure-fire" chemical removers simply don't do the Job.
That's the report of C . 3. Walters, University of Illinois forester, after testing several chemicals. None of them worked sat- isfactorily, even though some were advertised as "sure-fire." Acids were not tested in the Illinois work, but other experiments have 3hown that sulphuric and nitric acids are no good for this purpose.
However, here are three ways of removing stumps which do work: You can rot them out, burn them out or dig them out.
Rotting is cheapest and easiest and works any time during the year, but it takes a little time. Cut the stump at or below ground level, cover it with soil and keep the soil moist. You can speed up the rotting process by boring several vertical holes in the stump before you cover it with soil.
To burn out stumps, remove the top and bottom from a 5-
gallon paint can, or similar container, and put it on top of the
stump. Then build a fire of coke or charcoal in the can. Those two
fuels make less smoke than other types and will keep your neighbors
happier. As the fire burns out one part of the stump, move can and
fire to another part.
To grub out a stump, dig a trench about two feet deep around the stump near the point where the roots enter the ground. Cut the roots with an axe or a grub hoe as close as you can to the stump. Then roll or slide the stump out of the hole, using a heavy tow chain and your automobile or tractor on the larger stumps.
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ILLINOIS FARM NEWS FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, APRIL 9, 1952
Expect 3,000 at Svlne Day
URBANA--An overflow crovd of about 3,000 is expected tomor- row at Swine Growers' Day at the University of Illinois if weather is bad 30 that farmers cannot work in the fields.
And everyone will have a seat to listen to the talks on the program, in contrast to last year, when several hundred had to stand up outdoors and hear the talks over a public address system.
S. W. Terrill, head of swine work in the College of Agricul- ture, says this year two halls that together seat about 1,400 persons are available if needed. They're located a few steps from the audi- torium, seating 2,100 persons, where the talks will be heard.
Naturally good weather means field work. But if weather is poor, try to attend Swine Growers' Day. Besides learning a lot, it's probably the last chance you'll have for a day off for some time.
Highlighting the program is a summary of latest information on feeding artificial milk to baby pigs and a talk by Robert Buck, Master Swine Producer of Ainsworth, Iowa, on his swine-raising methods.
Another feature, recently added to the program, is a report on each of five swine diseases, including anthrax, followed by a ques- tion and answer period.
Other talks include a review of what's new in swine feeding by Damon Catron, head of swine research at Iowa State College: four reports by Illinois men on creep-feeding baby pigs, antibiotics for growing-fattening pigs, protein needs of swine, and high-protein corn for pigs after weaning; and a review of progress in swine breeding re- search.
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'ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, APRIL 10, 1952
Shear Sheep Before Turning Onto Spring Pasture
URBANA--For high-quality fleece that brings top market prices, the best time to shear your sheep is just before they go onto pasture in the spring.
Dick Carlisle, extension livestock specialist at the Illi- nois College of Agriculture, says the sheep will have fewest tags-- short tufts, that is- -in the early spring before pasturing.
Carlisle also offers some tips on actual shearing which will help you get better fleece:
1. Always shear in a clean place, free from chaff and dirt.
2. Don't shear unless the sheep are completely dry.
3. Throw out all tags.
4. Try to avoid second cuts. The fewer second cuts you
have, the better the fleece quality, because the fibers will all be
uniformly longer.
Besides careful shearing, another important requirement for high-quality fleece production is good management. Three steps go a long way toward producing quality fleece: well-balanced winter ra- tions, good pasture in the summer and control of external parasites by dipping the sheep a week or 10 days after shearing.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, APRIL 10, 1952
Nev Bread Program for Illinois 4-H'er3
URBANA-- Illinois 4-H girls for the first time this year can take part in a nev national awards program on bread demonstration.
Miss Anna Searl, state leader of 4-H girls' work, says mem- bers who enroll In the project will learn how to make bread, rolls and other baked foods. They'll also show others what they learned in demonstrations. And they can learn the importance of bread and baked foods in family nutrition.
Standard Brands, Inc., provides the awards for the program. Honor medals go to county winners, both individuals and team members. Each state winner- -individual or team member--receives a $50 U. S. savings bond.
For more information on the new k-E bread program, see your county home adviser. LJNtbb -30-
First Woman Soil Conservation District Director Is Mrs. Field
URBANA--The first woman to be elected director of a soil 3onservation district in Illinois is Mrs. Abner Field of Pope county.
Mrs. Field recently was elected to a two-year term on the board of directors of the Pope-Hardin soil conservation district.
E. D. Walker, soil conservationist in the Illinois College 3f Agriculture, says it's a healthy sign to see women landowners tak- ing a more active part in farm operation and soil conservation. Women Torm an important group of landowners on the 60 percent or so of farm- land in Illinois operated by tenants, managers or hired men. Coopera- tion of landlords is vital in making necessary conservation changes.
Walker reports that Mrs. Field owns and operates a 426-acre ■?arm with hired help in Pope county. Her farm has a conservation plan ^n it. She recently moved back to the farm to live. Mrs. Field is the widow of former state representative Abner Fiel^. . ■jJN:bb -30-
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, APRIL 11, 1952
Quantity Small, Quality High In Illinois Maple Syrup
URBANA- -Illinois produces only a little maple syrup, but its quality ranks with the best in the nation. And maple syrup production in Illinois today is a profitable off-season business.
J. N. Spaeth, head of forestry work in the Illinois College of Agriculture, says that 19^7 figures from 20 farms showed that each man earned an average of $2.08 an hour, after deducting all costs and depreciation on equipment. The most profitable operation netted $3 .78 an hour for each man. Naturally profits varied with each farm.
In general, the forester says you should have 500, and pre- ferably 1,000, sugar maples in your woodlot for a profitable syrup business. One out of every four trees in the lot should be maples.
Spaeth adds that is takes about a $2,000 investment for a
profitable maple syrup business.
Only about 2 1/4 percent of the trees in Illinois woodlands are sugar maples. They produce several thousand gallons of syrup a year. Illinois production could be increased by fuller use of sugar maples now growing in farm woodlots. And since maples seed abundantly, we could have more of them by favoring their growth and reproduction and by holding back other varieties in the same stand.
Most syrup sold in Illinois contains 15 percent maple and 85 percent cane syrup.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, APRIL 11, 1952
L. P. Tractor Conversion Units not too Practical
URBANA--If you want to use factory-made L. P. (liquified petroleum) gas for tractor fuel, better buy a regular L. P. gas trac- tor rather than try to convert your own.
Wendell Bowers, extension farm machinery specialist at the Illinois College of Agriculture, says that while some conversion units now on the market are not expensive, they are also not very practical.
Most units consist of a pressure tank mounted on the trac- tor and tapped in to the carburetor. But this type of conversion won't give your tractor any more power, and the fuel saving over regu- lar gasoline is very light. Then, too, your tractor may be hard to start and may miss under heavy loads.
It is not practical to use L. P. gas for tractor fuel unless you're using, or plan to use, it for heating or cooking.
If you do convert your tractor to L. P. gas, make sure the unit and your present tractor meet all these specifications:
1. Conversion unit should be approved by the company that made your tractor. This is very important.
2. The unit must raise the compression ratio to at least 6.7 to 1 for increased fuel economy and power.
3. You'll need to use a cold manifold with no hot spots.
jj Bowers says it's also a good idea to use a liquid withdrawal 'system from the tractor tank to the carburetor vaporizer.
Bowers says L. P. gas does burn cleaner and cause less wear "^n tractor engines, but right now it is not too practical for the av- erage farmer's use.
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lERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOlsr SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, APRIL 12, 1952
Milk Fever May Strike Your Best Govs
URBANA--It ' 3 your high-producing cows that are most likely to have trouble with milk fever at calving time this spring.
Dr. L. R. Bain, In the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, says prompt treatment by your veterinarian is very important, because untreated cows usually die. Although cows may be seriously sick, they respond quickly to treatment by veteri- narians and often are on their feet and eating within a short time.
Cows with milk fever usually are nervous, wobbly and un- willing to move. Partial or complete paralysis and unconsciousness often develop rapidly. Cows usually draw their head to one side.
Milk fever occurs most often in cows that have had two or
more calves. Most cases occur between the 12th hour and third day
after calving.
Don't try to give the cow a drench or any other form of liquid medicine, because her throat may be paralyzed. This might cause the medicine to go into her lungs and cause pneumonia. In- stead, prop her with bales of hay so that she will not lie on her side.
Dr. Bain says there is no sure way to prevent milk fever. Adequate and well-balanced rations may help, but it's useless to in- crease the minerals. At least a six-week dry pej»iod and incomplete milking for 72 hours after calving are also recommended.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, APRIL 12, 1952
Hov Should Tenant Pay for Hay Made Into Grass Silage?
URBANA--When a tenant buys first-crop alfalfa from his land- lord to make into grass silage, the price might he based on estimated yield of dry hay per acre.
That's the answer of J. B. Cunningham, farm tenancy special- ist in the Illinois College of Agriculture, to the question of a Varren county farmer.
Cunningham says hay or other roughage to be fed on the farm should not command the same price as first-class hay on the market. The fertility stays on the farm, and the landlord assumes no risk of weather damage .
The specialist points out that the price arrived at may be different in each individual case because so much depends on the local market for roughage, the usual cash rent for hay and pasture land and other provisions in the lease. OPGibb -30-
Ground Corncobs Get 0. K. as Bedding
URBANA- -Ground corncobs make good bedding for dairy cattle, according to a report from Vincent Kohrs, dairy herd improvement as- sociation tester in Clinton county.
Kohrs says the Oblate Fathers have been using sawdust for bedding for the past few years. But they recently changed to crushed corncobs, which they like much better. The cobs do not stick to the cows' bodies, and the cows look cleaner.
The Oblate Fathers get the corncobs from the elevator and run them through the hammermill into a bin in the dairy barn.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, APRIL l4, 1952
Winter Wheat Yields up 36 Percent In Illinois, 20 Percent for U.S.
URBANA- -Winter wheat yields have Increased considerably more In Illinois than In the country as a whole since 1900.
A new University of Illinois publication says the average acre yield of winter wheat in Illinois jumped 36 percent from 1900 through 1950. For the whole country the increase was 20 percent.
This publication, "Winter Wheat Variety Trials, 1900-1950," is written by four crops men in the College of Agriculture.
Naturally Illinois' larger yields are due partly to more and better machinery, greater use of fertilizers and the wide use of chemicals to combat diseases, insects and weeds.
But the four men add that another important reason for these Increasing yields has been the improvement of winter wheat vari- eties through testing and breeding.
An example: The best variety for Illinois in the early 1900 '3 was Turkey. Now, at the Urbana test field, the three recom- mended varieties are outyielding Turkey by nine bushels an acre--45 bushels to 36 bushels for Turkey. In addition, the average yield of all varieties is three bushels an acre higher than that of Turkey.
Since Illinois farmers raise 1 1/2 to 2 million acres of winter wheat each year, these seemingly small increases in yield are of tremendous economic importance.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, APRIL Ik, 1952
Federal Examiner Reviews $2 Million Illinois Research Program
URBANA--The $2 million research program of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture will get a thorough review in the next two weeks during the annual inspection by a federal examiner.
Dr. L. B. Howard, associate director of the experiment sta- tion, says that the examiner. Dr. David V. Lumsden, will hear brief reports on the progress of about 325 research studies carried on by some 250 Illinois staff members. The job will take two weeks--April 15 to 30. These experiments in all phases of agriculture and home economics are aimed at improving farming methods and rural living in Illinois.
All land-grant colleges receive federal funds to carry on
various tests on farm and home economics problems in their state.
Each college reports its work annually to a federal examiner.
On the value of University of Illinois research, a recent national magazine article said: "'State statisticians estimate the cash returns to the nation. . .at more than $400 million a year.... Industrialists and farmers of Illinois alone are making more money each year than the state has spent on the school since its founding in 1868."
In agricultural research. Saline wheat and two new corn hy- brids just released this spring are examples of improved crop vari- eties developed by Illinois plant breeders.
Studies showing that protein levels in swine rations can be lowered were reported last Thursday at Swine Growers' Day.
Tests on pipeline milking systems and simplified calf starter rations are among the practical dairy studies under way.
Soil management, farm records, food processing, home fur- nishings and farm machinery are a few other subjects being studied.
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COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, APRIL 15, 1952
Be Ready to Spray Splttlebugs Within Tvo Weeks
URBANA- -Farmers who are planning to spray their hay to con- trol splttlebugs should be ready to treat within the next two weeks.
That's the advice today from Insect specialists In the Il- linois College of Agriculture and Illinois Natural History Survey.
The area where splttlebugs are most threatening this year is north and east of a line from Paris to Bloomlngton to Freeport.
With moderate weather, the first egg hatch will occur within one week In the southern part of this area and within two weeks in the northern part. This estimate is based on the fact that eggs brought into the laboratory last week required about 2 1/2 days to hatch. Weather may change this estimate of hatching dates a little.
The Insect specialists will report first evidence of spittle- bug hatch as it occurs. For more information on spraying to control the pests, see your farm adviser.
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Illinois Farm Nevs - 2 FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, APRIL 15, 195^
Hog Bruises During Marketing Cost You Good Money
URBANA- -Every time one of your hogs gets bruised during
marketing, you lose $1.45.
So declares W. J. Wills, livestock marketing specialist in
the Illinois College of Agriculture. He bases that statement on a
1951 study which shows that 9 percent of all hogs slaughtered were
bruised, and the loss per head bruised--in 1951--a,inounted to $1.45.
An earlier study by a large packing company showed that
42 percent of the hog bruises were caused by canes, whips and clubs.
^ore important, nearly one-half --48 percent--of the bruises were in
the ham, one of the most valuable cuts in the hog.
To cut down losses in income during the farm-to-market trip,
3 group of truckers gave these eight simple suggestions:
Provide more good loading chutes on the farm: eliminate
prodding, beating, kicking and excessive use of electric prods: avoid
)verloading; and take plenty of time to sort and load animals.
The truckers also suggested adequate, appropriate bedding--
iand in summer and sand covered with straw in winter; partitions with
lixed loads; adequate ventilation and protection from weather en
'oute; and frequent checking during the trip.
Another good idea is to require a signed statement from
our trucker showing the number and species of livestock picked up
nd the name of the company insuring the load, if insurance is provided.
Better also find out if your trucker's insurance is normal
or that distance from market and, if not, find out why.
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JVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, APRIL 16, 1952
1951 Exports of Lard, Beans, Wheat Much Larger Than 1950
URBAKA- -Exports of three major Illinois farm products --lard, soybeans and soybean oil and wheat--were considerably larger for 1951 than for 1950, says L. J. Norton, a University of Illinois agricul- tural marketing specialist. He also adds that exports of corn were up slightly.
Norton points out that these sales abroad are important in two ways: They absorb supplies of farm products beyond our own needs, and they keep markets active at home. Exports also emphasize how much our high farm production contributes to the world's food supply.
For lard, total U. 3. exports in. 1951 were high--688 million pounds compared with 466 million pounds a year earlier. In January 1952 lard sales abroad were 96 million pounds compared with kj mil- lion in January 1951. This indicates a broad world demand for this food fat.
Soybean and soybean oil exports in 1951 were both up sub- stantially over 1950. Soybeans increased from 19 million to 24 1/2 ■million bushels, and soybean oil from 300 to 499 million pounds. But January exports of both beans and oil were lower this year than a year Earlier. This reflects a larger supply of food oils in world markets.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, APRIL 16, 1952
Exports - add 1
Wheat exports of 422 million bushels in 1951 were more than double the 206 million exported in 1950 and continued at a high rate in January 1952 .
Exports of corn increased only 4 million bushels from 195^ to 1951--f*rom 96 to 100 million bushels. Exports in January this year were slightly less than a year earlier. Norton says ICC million bush- els is only a small part of our total supply, but it's an important factor in the cash market. High corn exports are due to short crops in Argentina and the desire of European farmers to boost hog output. OFG:bb -30-
Nev Food Technologist Joins Staff
URBANA--The man who helped Washington state fruit growers develop frozen apple juice concentrate and other uses for their prod- uct has joined the staff of the Illinois College of Agriculture.
He is Dr. Romeo R. Legault, 47, professor of food technol- ogy. Legault headed fruit and vegetable processing work at the fed- eral Western Regional Research laboratory, Albany, California, for 9 years before coming to Illinois.
Legault worked closely with farmers, food processors, state and federal government agencies and scientists in developing the new ^se for apples. Similar cooperative tests were under way to find aew uses for other fruits when he left the West coast.
In his work at Illinois in food processing, Legault plans to work as closely as possible with farm groups.
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l/ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIO^f SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, APRIL 17, 1952
Baby Pigs Prefer Oats In Taste Teat
URBANA--Baby pigs preferred cracked hulled oats more than two to one over the next most popular feed In recent tests at the Il- linois College of Agriculture.
Livestock specialist Dick Carlisle says it's important to get baby pigs to eat at the earliest possible age because gains when I they 're small are the cheapest gains. One pound of feed often will produce one pound of gain. One Knox county hog raiser put it this way: "'If it would make them eat any sooner, I'd bake them cookies."
To learn what feeds baby pigs like best, 17 feeds were of- fered free-choice. The porkers ate 158 pounds of cracked hulled oats. This was 44 percent, or nearly half of all feed eaten.
Next most popular feed was rolled oats and dried molasses in a 75-25 percent combination. The pigs ate 74 i)ounds of this feed, or 20 percent of the total.
Pig starter ration was third, with pellets more popular than ^eal. Fifty two pounds of pellets and 31 pounds of meal were eaten. ^ mixture of 75 percent dry skim milk and 25 percent dried molasses jPanked next with 25 pounds consumed.
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Less popular feeds, in order, were shelled corn, rolled oats, dry skim milk, meat scraps, solvent soybean oil meal, and ground corn. Pigs ate only from 1 to 4 pounds of each of these feeds, compared with 25 to 158 pounds for the four more popular feeds .
The tests show that baby pigs like a feed with a source of sugar better than the same feed without sugar, and that they prefer pelleted feed over the same feed as meal.
Results were reported on only 10 of the 17 feeds tested. They were the only ones commonly used or eaten in fairly large amounts. OPG:bb -30-
Keep Anthrax Off Illinois Highways
URBANA--"Keep anthrax off Illinois highways and burn all anthrax carcasses on the farm."
That's the special request being made to farmers by the 'University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine and the State [Department of Agriculture Division of Livestock Industry.
In a special letter to all veterinarians and farm advisers in the state. Dean Robert Graham of the veterinary college and Dr. 'Roy A. Thompson, superintendent. Division of Livestock Industry, ask that no more swine suspected of having anthrax be submitted to the Oentralia, Peoria, and veterinary college diagnostic laboratories.
Tissue samples taken from the animals suspected of having inthrax may still be submitted to the three laboratories if they have
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, APRIL 17, 1952 Keep Anthrax Off Illinois Highvays - 2
been properly collected by veterinarians, the letter explains. Samples may include a lymph gland or a piece of spleen in swine, or an ear In cattle, sheep, or horses.
All anthrax suspected tissues should be delivered by auto- mobile in sealed containers. Postal regulations prevent the ship- ment of anthrax-suspect material by mail.
This action has been taken by the veterinary authorities for four reasons:
1. To prevent spread of the disease by the transportation of animals from contaminated farms over highways.
2. To prevent contamination of trucks and spreading of the disease through channels of trade.
3. To protect the owner and truckmen from unnecessary liandling of diseased animals.
4. To protect the laboratory staff at the diagnostic laboratories and the students at the University laboratory.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, APRIL l8, 1952
llUniverslty Completes Tests on New Hog Cholera Vaccines
URBANA --Three new commercial hog cholera vaccines have given satisfactory results in critical tests performed on 60 pigs by the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine.
Dr. P. D. Beamer of the veterinary college staff says each of the vaccines protected the pigs against artificial exposure to liog cholera eight days after vaccination. However, pigs exposed Dn the fourth and sixth days after vaccination developed symptoms of hog cholera and were set back in their growth.
"It appears that the new vaccines are incapable of causing outbreaks of hog cholera," Dr. Beamer says. "There was no evidence from the tests that hog cholera could spread from pigs vaccinated /ith the new vaccines to unvaccinated pigs in the same pens."
The three new hog cholera vaccines are now available from
:he manufacturers. Two of them are recommended for use without
inti-hog-cholera serum.
I Practicing veterinarians point out that the new vaccines aust be used according to the manufacturers' directions. Dr. Beamer idds that the new vaccines can be used only to prevent hog cholera, 'here is still no cure for the disease.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, APRIL l8, 1952
Spring Is Best Time to Transplant Evergreens
URBANA--The best time for transplanting evergreens is in the spring, from the time the ground is dry enough to work until the leaves begin developing.
That's the advice of H. R. Kemmerer, landscape specitilist in the Illinois College of Agriculture. He recommends a calm, humid, cloudy day for transplanting, but don't do the job when soil is wet.
Most evergreens come with a ball of earth around the roots and this is wrapped with burlap. If you cannot transplant the same day the evergreen is delivered from the nursery, pack sawdust, peat, straw or dirt around the ball to help cut down the moisture loss.
Leave the burlap on the roots to avoid breaking the ball of earth during planting. It will decay in a year and won't affect root growth.
Kemmerer recommends setting the tree at least as deep as it
was before transplanting. You might also dig down another two inches
Ijand put some topsoil under the roots.
When you fill the hole, pack the soil around the ball, and be careful not to break the ball. After the hole is three-fourths full, fill it to ground level with water. When it soaks through, (fill the rest of the hole with topsoil, but don't pack it.
Leave the soil level a little lower than the ground surface to catch rain water and water you add. Then put one-half inch of peat, ground corncobs or other mulch on top of the soil around the plant .
After planting, evergreens need watering only once or twice a week for at least a month. A thorough watering- -enough to soak down to the root3--will assure good root growth.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, APRIL 19, 1952
Home Grounds Improvement Deadline I3 May 1
URBANA--May 1 is the deadline for 4-H'ers to enroll in the first -year phase of the home grounds improvement project, according to E. I. Pilchard, state leader of agricultural 4-H work in the Il- linois College of Agriculture.
The home grounds improvement project is open both to boys and to girls who are enrolled in agricultural projects. The first year's work is planting various kinds of annual flowers.
Last year I77 4-H'ers in 60 counties won medals of honor In county competition for their home grounds improvement achievements.
Awards include four medals of honor given in each county program. The state winner will get an all-expense-paid trip to Na- tional 4-H Club Congress in Chicago next November and a chance to re- ceive one of the eight national award3--$300 college scholarships. Sears-Roebuck Foundation provides these awards.
The Extension Service in the College of Agriculture super- (/ises all 4-H programs. For more information on the home grounds im- provement project, see your county farm adviser.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, APRIL 19, 1952
Cattle Can Be Rid of Warts
URBANA--YOU don't have to put up with warts on your cattle.
Dr. R. D. Hatch of the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine says warts on cattle often damage their hides as ' well as mar their appearance. And in dairy cows warts on teats and udders often interfere with milking.
If the wart is small at the base, you may clip it off or
remove it by tying a thread tightly around its base. Use iodine to
disinfect the area. Warts that are tied will drop off in a few days
Large warts can be removed by a veterinarian by a simple operation.
If an animal has large clusters of infectious warts around the neck and shoulder area, have your veterinarian use a wart vac- cine. Wart vaccines have often given good results both in preventing warts and in helping badly infected cases.
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Illinois Tests One-Third of All Soils in U. S. for 1950
URBANA- -One -third of all soils tested in the whole country in 1950 came from Illinois farmers, according to soils men in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
They say that Illinois now has over 100 laboratories test- ing more than one million acres of farm land each year.
Yet despite this record of national leadership, progress in Illinois has been rather slow. There are 25 million acres of poten- tial cropland, so it would take 25 years to finish the job once at the present rate. But soils should be tested every 6 to 8 years.
The soils men say we have enough laboratories. The expan- sion should be in keeping them busy all year long. They recommend soil tests at least six months before fertilizer is applied.
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Radio News
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOlsr SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, APRIL 21, 1952
Cull Loafers by Watching Color of Skin
URBANA--YOU can cull the loafers from your hen flock by watching the color of their skin.
Poultryman Sam Ridlen in the Illinois College of Agricul- ture, says bleaching in yellow- skinned hens is a good sign of how long they've been laying. It works only for the first six months of laying though.
Pigment from yellow corn and green feed ends up in the fat
of a young chicken's skin. When laying begins, the pigment goes
directly to color the yolk. As long as Biddy is laying, her skin
keeps on losing its yellow color until it is completely bleached.
This bleaching follows an orderly pattern that is easy to notice. Yellow color leaves the vent 7 to 10 days after a hen starts laying, the eye ring after 2 weeks, the earlobes in 3 weeks, the beak in 6 weeks, the front of the shanks in l8 weeks, and the heel of the shanks in 20 to 24 weeks. The yellow color leaves the backs of the hocks and tops of the toes last.
When laying stops, the color returns to various parts of the hen's skin in the same order in which it bleached, but much faster.
Check the present stage of bleaching; you can tell how long the hen has been laying. By noting the return of yellow color to the hen's skin, you can cull the loafers that are not earning their feed.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, APRIL 21, 1952
Nev Chemical Used for Treating Small Grains
URBANA--Panogen, a nev seed -treating chemical, has been used in Illinois for the first time this year to control smut and seedling blights on small grains. It had been tested for three years at Illinois and other agricultural experiment stations.
Plant disease men Benjamin Koehler and W. M. Bever in the Illinois College of Agriculture report that Panogen is the first new treatment worthy of recommendation since Ceresan was developed about 20 years ago.
When smut-infected wheat and oats were planted for testing, both Ceresan and Panogen caused striking gains in growth over un- treated checks. With smut-free oats, this effect was not very notice- able in the field. But yields showed an advantage for treatment.
The three varieties of smut-free oats used were Andrew, Clinton 11 and Nemaha. Average yield increases for the three varie- ties were 3 1/2 bushels an acre with Ceresan and 5 1/2 bushels with Panogen. Chances are 19 to 1 that this difference was caused by the seed treatment, but Koehler emphasizes that those results are for 1951 only.
The two scientists point out that Panogen and Ceresan will not control such diseases as rust, mosaic and loose smut of wheat or barley.
Ceresan powder can be applied dry with a dust treater or wet with a slurry treater. Panogen, a red liquid sold in steel drums, does not settle or freeze and is applied directly without dilution with a special Panogen treating machine. Or it may be diluted with water for use with a regular slurry machine. In either case, not enough moisture is absorbed by the grain to require drying before planting .
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 1932
V/heat Mosaic Worse Than Average This Year
URBANA--The attack of wheat mosaic disease reported from 10 central Illinois counties has been termed worse than average by a plant disease specialist in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
Dr. Benjamin Koehler says more reports of this disease of finter wheat have come in during 1952 than usual. He adds that no )ther disease of small grains has caused so much damage as mosaic has jometimes caused.
The counties reported to date are Champaign, Douglas, Coles, ^eoria . Fulton, Tazewell, Macon, Sangamon. Macoupin and Christian.
toubtless the disease also occurs elsewhere. Mosaic, known in II- inois since 1919, has been found at some time or other in all cen- ral and south-central counties.
Koehler says diseased wheat plants are yellow or brownish nd look very sickly. Scattered spots like this appear over the lelds. In these Infected areas, yields are usually cut by about
0 percent if the wheat variety is somewhat resistant to mosaic, like ^jawnee, and by 50 to 90 percent if it is susceptible to the disease.
le disease looks worst at this time of year.
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The specialist says farmers can do nothing now to control the disease. The only practical control method is to plant a resis- tant variety at seeding time each fall. Mosaic is also less likely to appear if wheat is grown only once in a 4-year rotation. The virus causing the disease lives over in the soil.
Koehler says, "We just don't know why wheat mosaic is so
severe this year." It seems that lots of soil moisture helps to
bring on mosaic. Yet moisture has been about the same for the past
two winters .
Among soft wheats, Prairie, Royal,. Seneca, Newcaster, Fair- field, Fulcaster and Saline varieties are resistant to mosaic. Vigo has less resistance and may suffer a 10 percent cut in yield in dis- eased areas of the field.
For hard wheats, Westar has more resistance to mosaic than Pawnee, but Pawnee has more resistance to lodging and stem rust.
LJNrbb -30-
Ponservation Farming Pays You
URBANA--It pays nicely to farm the conservation way.
E. L. Sauer, federal soil conservationist at the University )f Illinois College of Agriculture, says conservation farming showed m extra income of $4.77 an acre in McLean county, $6.98 an acre in tedison and St. Clair counties and $6.41 an acre in Stephenson, Jo Daviess and Winnebago counties. That's the advantage for conservation "arms over similar matched farms with less conservation work on them.
Those larger earnings are the 10-year average increase in let farm income at 1945 farm prices. When you capitalize the average .ncrease of $6.06 an acre in net income at 5 percent, the productive ^alue of the land is worth $121 more an acre on conservation farms.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOhT SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, APRIL 23, 1952
Good Corn Yields Possible on Southern Illinois Soils
URBANA--YOU can raise 70-bushel-an-acre corn on southern Illinois soils with just ordinary good farming methods, as Leopold Kiefer has done for some years now in Hamilton county,
Kiefer doesn't farm the best land in the county, but last 7ear he averaged 72 bushels of corn an acre on 3^ acres and 35 bushels Df soybeans on 23 acres. When he went on the farm 2C years ago, the 3orn crops ran about 15 bushels an acre. The difference has been nainly in added organic matter, which provides plant food and loosens ip the tight southern Illinois soils.
On his 150 acres, Kiefer had only 57 acres in cultivated
^ow crops last year. All the rest was in a pasture mixture. He plows
inder as much of his clover land as he can in order to give the soil
.ots of organic matter and nitrogen.
On his corn land, Kiefer has a corn-soybeans-wheat-clover 'otation. He plans to get enough hay off his clover every year to 'eed his 7 milk cows, and he also gets a seed crop when the weather is 'ight. He plows the clover under for green manure before corn. His orn goes to feed 46 shoats, 7 sows, 2^0 chickens and 7 milk cows.
Kief er ' s soil is many times more productive now than it was efore he started building it up. And it will be productive for years 0 come.
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^ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, APRIL 24, 1952
Tvo Ag Men to Leave for Europe
URBANA--TWO men in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture have been granted one-year leaves of absence to work on agricultural production problems in Europe. They are Hadley Read, ex- tension editor, and J. C. Hackleman, crops specialist.
Both men will join a 15-man team of specialists from this country who will help Western European countries boost their farm out- fput in a program carried on by Mutual Security Agency. Paris will be headquarters for the group.
Read expects to teach agricultural information methods to university agricultural students; to help organize training sessions in using press and radio for European farm advisers; and to turn out various information pieces urging better farm methods this year.
Hackleman expects to work on increasing production of wheat, cats, barley and possibly soybeans in. Italy, France, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Western Germany. Some seed certification work may also be included,
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Read left for Washington, D.C., on April Ik for about a 10- day orientation period before leaving for Europe. He tentatively plans to go by ship, leaving New York perhaps on May 2. His wife and three children will accompany him.
Hackleman will leave for Washington today and expects to fly to Paris with his wife after the orientation period.
Both men plan to return to their positions in May 1953 after
their leaves of absence expire.
Hackleman says specialists in pastures, corn, animal hus- |bandry, and other farm subjects and at least two information men are [Included on the 15-inan team of Americans. MSA was formerly called the iEconomic Cooperation Administration, and before that the Marshall Plan.
'LJN:bb -30-
Rid Sheep of Parasites at Shearing Time
URBANA--Treat your lambs for lice and keds this spring at the same time you treat your breeding flock.
1 Dr. N. D. Levine, animal parasitologist of the University of llllinois College of Veterinary Medicine, says you do only half the job if you treat only the sheep. The lice and keds may migrate to the lambs, end later on will reinfest the sheep.
To get the lice and keds, treat the entire flock as soon as the shear cuts have healed. At that time the ked population is at its lowest level. Either lindane or DDT makes a good dip or spray, but be 'sure to use both according to the manufacturers' directions. Several Dther products on the market also give good results.
Dipping is preferable; but when dipping vats are not avail- able, an all-over spraying with a power sprayer is often satisfactory. Cjambs can be easily dipped in a barrel or tank full of the solution.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, APRIL 25, 1952
Coccldloais Robs Poultry Raisers
URBANA--your chickens will live better, grow faster and lay- more eggs if you keep them free of coccidiosis this year, says a Uni- versity of Illinois veterinarian.
Dr. J. 0. Alberts says you can expect death losses in your chickens if coccidiosis strikes hard. Birds that recover are often unthrifty and produce poorly for the rest of their lives.
Chickens get coccidiosis by picking coccidia up off contami- nated ground, litter or equipment. The parasites multiply in the chickens. The more coccidia a chicken eats, the sicker it becomes.
Coccidiosis appears about four days after the parasites
have been swallowed. The birds become pale and weak from loss of
blood in the droppings. They often sit quietly with wings drooping
and eyes closed.
Use sanitary feeders and waterers, prevent crowding and dampness in the houses and raise the flock on a newly rotated range. Like most diseases, coccidiosis prefers damp, warm, surroundings without much sunlight.
Drugs, when correctly used, are effective in checking cecal and intestinal coccidiosis, says Dr. Alberts. But the cheapest and best way to fight the disease is to prevent it from striking your flock in the first place by using sanitation.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, APRIL 25, 1952
Feed or Pasture for Yearling Steers?
URBANA- -Illinois cattle feeders have three choices this summer for feeding the steers they wintered on roughage rations: feed in drylot, feed on pasture or follow the delayed feeding system.
Harry Russell, extension livestock specialist at the Illi- nois College of Agriculture, says steers wintered on roughage need about 6 months on full feed to make prime cattle.
If you have plenty of corn to feed and started on April 1,
you can hit the early September market by feeding about 50 bushels of
corn per steer in drylot. With this feeding method, you will also
need to supply high-protein supplement at the rate of about one pound
to each 9 pounds of shelled corn, or the equivalent, and 5 to 6 pounds
Df hay a day for each steer.
Or you may choose the system of feeding on pasture, which requires about ^C bushels of corn for each steer. Put the cattle on full feed of grain before the pasture is ready, and save labor by !*ull-feeding on pasture with a self-feeder. On good pastures with a ?ood legume mixture, feed supplement won't be needed until August. )ne-half acre of pasture per steer should be enough. Ordinarily, i'inish cattle in drylot for four weeks before marketing under this jystem.
The delayed feeding method is an economical choice if you lave plenty of good pastures. You can pasture your steers without ;rain for 90-100 days and then finish them for market with 90-100 lays of full feed on pasture or drylot--drylot if the grass is still .ush. This system takes about 30 bushels of corn per head.
Of course, the cattle won't be so fat with the delayed- 'eeding system, they will grade choice instead of prime and they 'on't sell so high as full-fed cattle. But when they are ready for larket about mid-November, they may bring you better returns than attle fed any other way because they cost less to feed.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIONT SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, APRIL 26, 1952
Train Young Dairy Horns for Shoving
URBANA--If you're planning to show young dairy animals at summer fairs and shows, start training their horns about the time they are two inches long.
That's the suggestion of Leo Fryman, extension dairyman at the Illinois College of Agriculture. Fryman says direction of growth can be changed most easily at the two-inch length because the horn core is not yet securely fastened to the skull.
You can change the direction of growth in either of two
ways: (1) by applying pressure or (2) by scraping the side of the
horn toward which you want it to grow.
Fasten weights to the tips of horns that tend to grow up- '^ard. If the horns tend to grow outward and you want them to curve In, apply tension between them by fastening horn trainers to the tips. But don't put on too much pressure. It may make the animal uncomfort- able and also may form too sharp a curvature.
If the horns are too large for the over-all appearance of jthe animal, use a rasp to cut them down. Avoid taking off too much, lowever, or you may weaken the outer shell enough to break it from :he bony horn core. After rasping, smooth the surface of the horn ?ith fine sandpaper or emery cloth.
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Farmers Asked to Be Alert for Foot -and -Mouth Disease
URBANA- -Foot -and -mouth disease has not appeared in the United States since 1929. But with outbreaks occurring in both Mexico and Canada, Illinois farmers are being asked to be on the alert for the disease.
Dr. G. T. Woods, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says livestock sanitary officials are making every possible effort to keep foot-and-mouth disease out of the United States. Yet livestock growers should remain vigilant in case this tricky disease slips across either border.
Foot-and-mouth disease affects cattle, sheep, goats and
swine, as well as any other wild or domesticated animal with the
cloven hoof. It spreads rapidly from animal to animal and from farm
to farm. It may be spread by contaminated feed, water, clothing or
shoes .
If the disease strikes, blisters appear on the tongue and about the mouth, on teats and udders, on the skin above the hoof and between the claws of the hoof. They may also appear on the snouts of swine. These blisters break in a day and form red ulcers. Fever and slobbering also occur.
Lameness usually results from foot-and-mouth disease. Ani- mals may refuse to eat and drink, and they will lose weight. Dairy cows produce less milk. Death losses in adult animals are usually low, but losses in young animals may reach 50 percent.
If you suspect foot-and-mouth disease in your herd, call 7our veterinarian immediately. Because there are other diseases that resemble foot-and-mouth disease, a correct diagnosis is essen- tial. Prompt action by livestock sanitary officials will prevent a severe outbreak.
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'ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOM SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, APRIL 28, 1952
Legumes Outdo Nitrogen Fertilizers
URBANA- -Legume nitrogen has produced larger corn crops from its carry-over effect than nitrogen fertilizers in a 15-year test at the University of Illinois agronomy farm.
Soils man L. B. Miller says a clover catch crop showed a 2-bushel larger corn yield than the best nitrogen fertilizer treat- ment. And where a standover clover crop was grown for hay, the corn yield was from 21 to 39 bushels larger.
Miller explains that in a corn-corn-oats -wheat rotation, three nitrogen fertilizers were compared on first-year corn. They /ere sodium nitrate, calcium cyanamid and ammonium sulfate. These carriers supplied 80 pounds of nitrogen an acre plowed down and 20 pounds side-dressed. None was put on ahead of second-year corn. \ top dressing of 2C pounds of nitrogen an acre was applied on both :he oat and wheat crops.
These three nitrogen fertilizer plots were compared with an mtreated check plot and a plot where clover was grown as a catch 5rop in the wheat.
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The total for two crops of corn during the 19^6-50 rota- tion was 124 bushels an acre for the untreated check plot, 15^ to l6l bushels for the three nitrogen fertilizer plots and I63 bushels for the plot with a legume catch crop.
But Miller emphasizes that legume nitrogen from standover
clover produced much larger corn crops. In a corn-corn-oats-clover
rotation, the 2-year total corn crop for 19^6-50 rotation period was
182 bushels an acre when crop residues were left on the land and 2C0
bushels when manure was applied.
Those are increases of 19 and 37 bushels respectively over yields with the legume catch crop and 21 and 39 bushels larger than those with the best fertilizer treatment. The soil in both rotations was Drummer clay loam well supplied with lime, phosphate and potash.
LJN:bb -30-
Diseased Wheat Fields Look Much Better
URBANA--The worst is over in the attack of wheat mosaic dis- ease, which has been described as worse than average by a University of Illinois plant disease specialist.
Dr. Benjamin Koehler says the diseased spots in wheat fields ion't look nearly so bad now as they did two weeks ago. Then the scattered spots looked a sickly yellow. Now they are much greener ind appear more healthy. The specialist expected this to happen.
Earlier a few farmers had thought of plowing up their wheat !*ields because of mosaic damage. Now they've decided to let them grow.
As for losses, Koehler says Prairie, Royal, Seneca, New- laster, Fairfield, Fulcaster and Saline varieties are highly resistant :o mosaic and will suffer no loss in yield. Somewhat resistant va- rieties like Pawnee or Vigo will probably show a 10 percent loss in liseased areas of the field, while for susceptible varieties the yield .033 may range from 50 to 90 percent of normal.
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I'ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY", APRIL 29, 1952
Lindane Recommended to Control Wireworma In Corn
URBANA--The "best method known to date to reduce wireworm damage in cornfields is a lindane seed treatment.
That's the recommendation of H. B. Petty, insect specialist in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture and Illinois Nat- ural History Survey. He says the chemical treatment costs only 15 to 20 cents an acre.
Lindane has not been tested widely by scientists. But J. H. Bigger, Survey entomologist, has inspected dozens of seed- treated fields during the past two summers and many untreated fields in the same areas. In many treated fields he found 10 to 15 percent damage from wireworms. But in untreated fields many farmers had to replant.
Prom many field observations, here are five conditions which make lindane seed treatment most effective:
1. Apply lindane powder dry to corn in the planter. If lin- dane is used as a slurry or applied to wet seed, there is danger that germination will be seriously affected.
2. Follow the manufacturer's directions about amounts to ipply to seed corn.
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3. Plant when germination conditions are favorable.
4. Don't plant too deep.
5. Don't expect IOC percent control.
Farmer reaction to lindane was highly favorable last year when it was widely used for the first time. Reaction was not so favorable in 1950.
Last year most of the damage occurred in fields where it was not expected. Petty says at its low cost lindane seed treatment for corn seems like a good bet even if it's not a guaranteed control. You can't lose, and you may make a lot. LJN:bb -30-
Garden Planting Schedule Given
URBANA--From April 25 to May 5- -meaning right now- -is the
time for northern Illinois gardeners to plant parsnips, radishes,
Swiss chard and tomato seed.
That's the time-table given in the 1952 Illinois Garden Guide, written by three vegetable specialists in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
In central Illinois sweet corn can be planted any time from April 25 to May 5* And in southern Illinois those dates are the peri- od for planting beets, carrots, cucumbers and eggplant. You can get a free copy of the Garden Guide from your farm adviser or the College of Agriculture .
Incidentally, the three men say a common error in sowing seed is to plant it too deep. For gardens larger than 50 by 50 feet, a seed drill is a good investment.
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I'ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, APRIL 30, 1952
Advise Caution in Farm Investment, Borrowing
URBANA--Ml3tak:es in Investment and borrowing may be much more disastrous to farmers in years ahead than they have been in the past two decades, according to L. J, Norton, agricultural economist In the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
Unsound financing, as well as poor management, has often been covered up during recent years because of the general upward price trend. But with signs that this rise may have nearly run its course, more caution in investment and borrowing is now in order.
Norton suggests, when you plan to borrow, to be sure you thoroughly understand the business for which you are borrowing- -and then try to observe these general rules:
1. Keep an eye on the economic situation--there may be stormy weather ahead. Most young farmers of today have seen only the up-trend in farm product and farm land prices. Remember the pos- sibility of future declines.
2. Don't take on debts too large for your own capital or likely income. In buying a farm, for example, can you pay an ade- quate part of the purchase price in cash? Will farm earnings be high
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enough to allow you to pay off the mortgage? Have a definite plan for repayment of loans of any kind.
3. Put borrowed dollars to their most profitable use. Farmers often overdo investments in machinery and buildings while neglecting soil improvements, fertilizers and other yield-boosting measures. Some farmers could make better use of available labor and feed if they had more livestock.
4. Pick out a credit agency that is able and willing to go along with you when incomes are lower.
5. Have adequate insurance.
Norton says most of us find it handy to borrow at times, and borrowing is justified any time it helps to increase profit. Remember, though, to keep your debts at the lowest point that permits you to have a business large enough to be efficient. OFGrbb -30-
192 Foreigners Visit Ag College in 1951
tJRBANA--A total of 192 foreign farm folks visited the University of Illinois College of Agriculture during 1951 under our country's program of technical aid to foreign countries.
This program, explains associate dean R. R. Hudelson, is aimed at helping less fortunate friendly countries build up their own agriculture and thus improve living conditions.
Young farmers, college specialists, farm leaders and stu- dents were among the visitors. They were Interested in animal dis- sases, 4-H clubs, farm management, soils and other practical subjects
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^VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MAY 1, 1952
I lllnols 4-H'er3 to Compete for Public Speaking Awards
URBANA- -Several hundred Illinoia 4-H club members are ex- pected to take part In the new public speaking awards program this year, according to state leaders of home economics and agriculture h-E Clubs in Illinois.
The new program, conducted in Illinois for the first time this year, is sponsored by the Pure Oil Company which provides the awards. The top-rating boy and girl in each participating county will receive a blue ribbon.
The state contest will be held in the Illinois Building Fri- day, August 15, at the state fair in Springfield. The girl winning highest honors there will receive a set of silverware. The outstand- ing boy at the state level will receive a 17- jewel wristwatch.
Two national winners will be awarded college scholarships of $300 each and a trip to the National 4-H Club Congress in Chicago next November. All 28 states conducting the program are eligible to submit candidates for the two national awards.
A list of 12 to 15 suggested topics for the public speaking contest is available from your county farm or home adviser. However, each club member taking part in the program may choose his own topic.
For more information about the new 4-H public speaking program, see your county farm or home adviser.
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Pick Your Nevrcaatle Disease Vaccine for the Job
URBANA--Pick your Newcastle disease vaccine for the job it has to do.
That's the advice of Dr. J. 0. Alberts, University of Illi- nois College of Veterinary Medicine. Three types of vaccine are available. One live virus vaccine is injected into the wing web, another live virus vaccine is given by way of the nose or eye, and a killed virus vaccine is Injected into the muscles.
The live virus vaccine which is given by way of the eye or nose is so mild that it can be used on baby chicks. And you can use it on laying hens without seriously affecting egg production. It protects chicks until they are broiler age. Birds that are kept for layers should be revaccinated when they enter the laying house.
An advantage of the live virus vaccine which is injected into the wing web is that it usually produces a lasting, durable im- munity. But it can cause some of the symptoms of Newcastle disease. For best results it should be used on birds that are from one to four months old. It should not be used on laying flocks.
The killed virus vaccine has the advantage of being harm- less and unable to produce the disease. However, it produces a vari- able immunity which sometimes lasts only a short time.
Dr. Alberts says each of the vaccines will protect your chickens against Newcastle disease if it is used properly. The im- portant thing to do is to pick the right vaccine for the job.
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VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MAY 2, 1952
Many Scholarships Available for University of Illinois Freshmen
URBANA- -Plenty of scholarships are available to high school seniors wishing to enroll in the University of Illinois this fall. Lack of funds should not discourage anyone from enrolling.
Five tuition scholarships are offered in each county of the
state: one in agriculture, one in home economics, one general county
scholarship, and two scholarships for children of veterans of World
War I and World War II. Each is worth up to $380 over a four-year
period. The 3cholarships--a total of 5IO in the whole state--are
awarded on the basis of a competitive examination which will be given
on Saturday, June 7, by the county superintendent of schools in each
county .
Besides county tuition scholarships, students planning to enroll in the College of Agriculture may apply for the Sears Roebuck and Kroger scholarships. These are awarded on the basis of high school records, leadership and financial need. Each of these provides $200 for the freshman year.
For outstanding students, Sears Roebuck scholarships may be continued through their sophomore and junior years.
Boys and girls may apply for both the Sears Roebuck and Kroger scholarships on the same application form. Write to C. D. Smith, assistant dean, 104 Mumford Hall, Urbana, for application blanks .
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Illlnoia Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MAY 2, 1952
Large 1952 Corn Crop Could Improve Hog-Corn Ratio
URBANA--A large corn crop this season could change the un- usually low hog-corn price ratio which hit Illinois hog raisers last February to a very favorable ratio in the winter of 1952-53 •
G. L. Jordan, agricultural economist at the University of Illinois, says that any substantial improvement in the hog-corn ratio, from the hog feeder's standpoint, will probably have to wait on the new corn crop.
In February of 1952, the national hog-corn price ration was 10.4 Only four times in the past 21 years have the price rela- tionships been so unfavorable to hog feeders in February. The 21- year February average was 13 '3 , with a low of 8.5 in 1935 and a high of 19.8 in 1947.
Several conditions were responsible for the unfavorable ratio this past February: smaller corn supplies, larger hog market- ings, decline in the export demand for lard at a time when supplies were large, and the rapid disappearance of corn because of the high moisture content.
Jordan says none of these conditions is likely to change before midsummer. But at that time, new corn crop prospects will be- come a factor. Although hog prices may strengthen as liquidation of hog numbers stops, corn prices are just as likely to strengthen as supplies are reduced.
But there is the possibility of further substantial imports of feed grains from Canada — especially the large volume of wheat that stood in Canadian fields over winter. This grain will probably be suitable for feed and available for export to us .
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VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MAY 3, 1952
Fancy Poultry Water Chemicals Do Little Good
URBANA--YOU can save the money you pay for fancy disinfect- ants and colored chemicals to add to your poultry's water.
Dr. J. 0. Alberts, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says if the water on your farm is good enough for you and your family, it's also suitable for your poultry without adding such chemicals as hypochlorite powders or potassium permanganate.
In some cases chemicals added to the water may actually be harmful. If the chemicals cause the chickens to drink less water than they should, poultry health and egg production may suffer.
Another thing: Dr. Alberts says almost all of these disin- fectants that are added to the poultry water are useless in about 30 minutes after they are used. Feed, droppings, litter and other materi- als that get into water quickly destroy the effectiveness of the disinfectants .
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LEA:bb 4-29-52
Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MAY 3, 1952
Pick Govs From Records, Not Just Looks
URBANA--YOU can't pick a high-producing dairy cow just by locking at her, as one McDonough county dairyman learned before it was too late.
Leo Fryman, University of Illinois dairyman, says one dairy herd improvement association member in that county had two heifers freshen a few days apart. One looked smooth and attractive; the other was large and a little rough.
But looks were deceiving. For the first month on test, the good-looking heifer gave 30 poionds of fat from 680 pounds of milk. In comparison, the rougher looking animal gave 59 pounds of fat from 1,280 pounds of milk. She nearly doubled the production of the other. LJN:bb -3O-
Store Winter Electrical Equipment Right
URBANA--Dcn' t let hot weather cause unnecessary wear on your
winter electrical equipment after you store it away.
Frank Andrew, farm electrical specialist in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture, urges you to store cords and ap- pliances in a dry, reasonably cool place. Moisture and heat are bad.
Cords will keep best if they're stored in uniform, loose colls, laid flat. Do not hang them over nails or sharp corners that may cause breaks in the insulation.
Also, check the outside ground rod connections on the elec- tric wiring system for each of your buildings. It's common to have a connection rooted up by hogs. Broken or worn connections should be replaced to protect your buildings from lightning and yourself from electric shock.
LJN:bb -30-
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IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MAY 5, 1952
Enough Corn to Meet Needs
URBANA - -There ' s enough corn on hand to provide feed until the nev7 crop is in, plus a likely carry-over of at least 500 million bushels on October 1, according to a marketing specialist in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
L. H. Simerl says that, although feed grain stocks on farms on April 1 were the smallest per animal unit since 19^8, the supply of corn and other feeds is not so small as many people think.
Total U. S. corn supply was slightly more than 1 1/2 billion bushels on April 1. This was about one-fifth less than last year, but two-thirds more than we had on April 1, 19^8. Of this total, farmers had nearly 1.1 billion bushels on their farms, with the rest in gov- ernment and commercial stocks.
This farm stock total was the smallest in the past three years, but Simerl expects that at the most one billion bushels of corn will be used from April 1 to October 1. That would leave a carry-over of 500 million bushels, or more, compared with an average carry-over of about 8OO million bushels for the past three years. For the three years before that, carry-overs averaged only about 200 mil- lion bushels. .jno^g.
Illinois Farm Neva - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MAY 5, 1952 Enough Corn on Hand - add 1
Illinois farmers had 210 million bushels of corn on their farms April 1 this year- -up 5 percent from 1951 and 2 percent over the 10-year average.
Simerl lists a smaller spring pig crop and low egg prices as two of the reasons why our corn supply will be used rather slowly from now until harvest. Small grains from Canada and good pasture conditions across the nation are also helping to relieve the feed grain problem. OFG:bb -30-
Neat Way to Heat Stock Water Tank
URBANA- -Clarence Barshlnger, DeKalb county dairyman, has a handy, low-cost, fast way to keep his stock water tank heated during the winter. You may want to prepare now to follow Barshinger's plan.
According to Charles Ritenour, DHIA tester, the farmer saves crankcase oil from his machinery during the summer. During the fall and winter he saves baling string as he feeds his baled hay.
To warm the water any time during the winter, Barshinger puts this string in a regular tank heater and pours the used crank- case oil over it. This makes a hot fire which heats the water quickly
-30-
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VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOlsr SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, MAY 6, 1952
Why We Have No Spuds
URBANA--The price control law, scare buying by consumers and slov spring shipments from the south were all listed today as major causes of the present potato shortage by a specialist in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
Here is how vegetable crops man Lee Somers explains the current shortage:
For several years farmers operated under a potato price support law that encouraged overproduction. The 1951 crop was raised without price supports.
Last fall, when diggings ended, the total U. S. potato crop had reached 335 million bushels. Although that was about ICC million bushels less than the 1950 crop, Somers said it could be expected to supply our normal needs. He added that about 100 million bushels of the 195c crop were purchased and taken off the market under the price support law.
But in late November and December last winter, a wave of "shortage" reports started homemakers rushing to the markets. Many bought not only for immediate use, but for home storage, and some of
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, MAY 6, 1952 Potatoes - add 1
the home-stored potatoes were lost through withering and sprouting. Movement of potatoes in late November and December was 11 percent greater than in any other year.
Price control was then reapplied to potatoes on January 1, 1952, with a provision at the time that retail prices of table -stock potatoes could not rise above the January 1 level.
In explaining the effect of this provision, Somers first outlined the usual storage system of many growers and dealers in potato-producing states like Maine, New York, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Idaho .
Some of these men regularly stored potatoes through the en- tire winter, still marketing them as late as April, May or even June. They expected a loss of about 8 percent in bulk by April due to shrinkage and rot. Therefore they also expected to get a higher per bushel price than in January.
This past winter, however, when they found that they
couldn't get the higher price in April, they pushed these potatoes
through the markets as early and rapidly as possible. By April there
were few left.
Somers also explained that potato supplies normally coming to market in the south in April were low this year. The Florida crop was good, but a drouth cut the Texas yield badly. The California potato season, which usually opens about May 10-15, will be 10 days to two weeks late.
We can expect very few potatoes on the market until late May or early June, Somers said, but some relief is due this month with the arrival of spring -crop potatoes from California and several southern states.
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VERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MAY 7, 1952
Sudan Grass Excellent Midsummer Pasture
URBANA--So\/ a few acres of Sudan grass at corn-planting time for good, juicy pasture forage during July and August when other pas- tures are dry and unproductive.
Leo Fryman, University of Illinois dairyman, says an acre of good Sudan grass pasture will usually carry two cows during the hot summer months. That's twice the normal grazing capacity of most pas- tures .
Sudan pasture may follow rye on the same field. The rye is usually plowed down between May 15 and May 3C--ju3t the right time to plant Sudan. Use 25 to 35 pounds of seed to the acre; and for abun- dant yields, manure before planting or apply fertilizer at seeding time .
To guard against prussic acid poisoning, do not pasture the Sudan until it is at least l8 inches tall. And rotation grazing is strongly recommended. Be sure to move the stock when the grass is eaten down to about 12 inches.
Another good idea is to seed soybeans with Sudan grass. Beans increase the yield and feed value of the crop, are resistant to chinch bugs (Sudan grass is not) and help to protect Sudan from too close grazing. Sow 1 1/2 bushels of beans separately or as a mixture vith the usual amount of Sudan seed, using a grain drill. Play safe and inoculate the bean seed before planting.
MCD:bb 5-2-52
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MAY 7, 1952
First TV Program by Agricultural College Tomorrow
URBANA--The first television program to be produced by the University of Illinois College of Agriculture can be seen over WBKB-TV, Channel 4, Chicago, tomorrow at 4:30 p.m.
W. G. Kammlade, associate director of the extension service, explains that the station invited the college to produce a series of 13 programs on an experimental basis. The program each Thursday is called "Farm and Home Time." Generally it will be divided into equal periods of farm and home information.
Tomorrow's program will show the services of the agricul- tural college to farm and city folks. The next two programs tenta- tively are on remodeling homes and the story of hybrid corn. All programs will be designed to interest both farm and city folks. The show is not sponsored.
Various college specialists in dairying, clothing, foods, crops, livestock, soils, animal diseases and other subjects will give the latest reliable facts on each topic in interesting visual form.
There is also the possibility that Chicago-area farm and home advisers may be called on at times to take part in the new series. Advisers are local representatives of the agricultural col- lege serving every county in the state.
Kammlade says TV offers a fine opportunity to reach farm and city folks in another effective way with helpful information for their own benefit. It seems made to order for field workers in the agricul- tural college who are experienced in conducting demonstrations and using other visual methods in adult education.
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MAY 8, 1952
Howard Receives Army Ai/ard
URBANA--A Certificate of Appreciation h^s been awarded to Dr. L. B. Howard, University of Illinois food technologist, "for patriotic civilian service during World War II."
Dr. Howard spent four months in Germany Immediately after V-E day in 19^5 with about 20 other foods scientists as members of the technical industrial intelligence committee of the joint chiefs of staff. These men were assigned to gather all available information on foods for possible use in the war against Japan.
As dehydration specialist on the team. Dr. Howard visited laboratories to see equipment, talked with foods scientists and in- spected food -processing plants. The scroll awarded for this service is signed by Frank W. Pace, Jr., head of the department of the Army.
Also, during the war Dr. Howard supervised the research work of about 100 scientists at the peak of activity in a federal laboratory on artificial drying of vegetables. Capacity of dehydration plants in 19^2 was about 1 1/2 million pounds yearly. During the war about 350 plants were built, with a total capacity of about 240 million pounds.
Another major development was a method to continue drying of vegetables in the package. This prolonged their useful life at the high temperatures often found in military operations.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MAY 8, 1952
First Hay, Pasture Survey Being Made
URBANA --Questionnaires for the first hay and pasture survey ever made among Illinois farmers are being mailed this week to about 25,000 farmers in every county in Illinois.
That's the report from J. A. Ewing, head of the federal - state crop reporting service, and Harry Russell, head of the legume- grass committee in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture. The two groups are cooperating in the survey.
Ewing and Russell explain that progress in pasture improve- ment has never before been measured in Illinois. And no one actually knows how widely legumes and grasses are being used for hay, pasture, silage, seed and green manure. If most farmers answer the question- naire, the survey should provide reliable facts to help the Illinois agricultural extension service so that it can be of greatest service to farmers on grassland farming problems.
The two men say every eighth farmer in each county will re- ceive a questionnaire. And they urge everyone who gets one to fill it out. In a trial run with some 400 farmers, the farmers found the questionnaire easy to answer--if they read each question and each explanation carefully before starting to fill it out.
"We know farmers are busy right now with spring work," say Ewing and Russell. "But we're hoping all the folks will answer the nine questions. It's a simple task taking only a few minutes. We'll then know where we stand on legume-grass farming in Illinois and can measure future changes."
All farmers who fill out the questionnaire will receive a copy of the summary report that will be prepared from all replies when that job is finished.
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FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MAY 9, 1952
Drugs In Feeds Won't Halt Svlne Dysentery
URBANA--Don' t expect the bacitracin or streptomycin in commercial feed supplements to control dysentery in your swine.
Dr. L. E. Boley, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, stated today that bacitracin and streptomycin are valuable in fighting swine dysentery. But feeds don't contain enough of these antibiotics to whip the disease.
"Doses of streptomycin or bacitracin 10 to 20 times stronger than those in most feeds are needed when swine dysentery strikes," says Dr. Boley. "That's why it's importnnt to call your veterinarian as soon as you suspect the disease."
The most easily recognized symptom of swine dysentery is a bloody diarrhea, which often contains shreds of tissue from the in- testines. Losses can run up to 6C percent or more in young pigs. Sometimes hogs and sows also get the disease.
The cheapest and best way to fight swine dysentery is to keep it out of your herd. Keep your lots and pens clean and well drained. And isolate newly purchased hogs for a month before adding them to your herd. Sales barns and yards are believed to be an im- portant source of infection.
Dr. Boley believes that hogs which recover from swine dysen- tery should be marketed because they may become disease carriers.
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Illinois Farm Neva - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MAY 9, 1952
Hov Deep to Set Transplants
URBANA--Here '3 the answer--in two easy lessons-- to the home gardener's perennial question about how deep to set plants.
\f . A. Huelsen, vegetable crops specialist in the University of Illinois, says plants having a central crown bud, such as cabbage and celery, should be set to leave the central growing point exposed above the soil.
Plants having no central crown bud, like tomatoes, peppers and eggplants, are usually set so that the topmost roots are about an inch below the soil surface.
Huelsen says that trenching is the best solution to setting tall, spindly plants, which result from overcrowding in the plant bed. This condition is often found in tomato plants. Dig a trench 3 or 4 inches deep, lay the plants in the trench and cover all but the upper 4 or 5 inches.
For best handling of spindly cabbage plants, cut off tops of the leaves but avoid injuring the crown bud.
Huelsen disagrees with the theory that very deep setting to
produce two root systems will result in better growing plants. Here's
why: The original root system does remain on the plant, but it serves
no function. The secondary root system which develops just below the
soil surface becomes the active one.
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MCDrbb 5-5-52
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Radio News
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MAY 10, 1952
Garden Guide Gives Planting Dates, Watering Suggestions
URBANA --Now- -between May 10 and 20--ls the best time to plant lima beans, muskmelons, peppers and snapbeans in central Illi- nois, according to the Illinois Garden Guide, published by the Uni- versity of Illinois College of Agriculture,
Besides information on favorable planting times in southern, central and northern Illinois, this free booklet includes these prac- tical tips on watering gardens:
Before the plants are up, don't water unless the seedbed absolutely needs it. Then frequent light waterings are better than a heavy watering which packs the soil and makes it hard for seedlings to break through.
After the plants are well started, a good rule is to water the garden only when plants that wilt a little during the day do not revive completely overnight. Then apply at least 1/2 inch of water.
After watering, cultivate the soil as soon as it is dry
enough to work. This helps to conserve moisture and prevent weeds
from starting.
For your free copy of Circular 522, write to the College of Agriculture, Urbana.
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Cows On Pasture Need Grain, Extra Minerals
URBANA--When your cows go on pasture this spring, it's a good idea to continue feeding grain and extra minerals, but you can stop feeding protein supplements.
K. E. Gardner, University of Illinois dairy specialist, says you can avoid weight losses from juicy early spring pasture by feed- ing grain at a reduced rate as long as the cows will eat it.
In each 100 pounds of grain mixture, be sure to include 1 to 1 1/2 pounds of salt and 1 pound of steamed bonemeal.
But because cows on pasture may not eat much grain, they may suffer from mineral shortages if they get only the minerals in the grain mixture. So it's wise to provide free access to salt in block or loose form.
Then for an adequate supply of lime and phosphorus, mix two parts finely ground limestone, two parts steamed bonemeal, and one part salt (for taste) in a weather-protected feeder or box.
Gardner says you can keep feed costs low this summer by feeding no more protein supplement than is actually needed. For in- stance, when cows are on excellent spring pasture, they don't need protein supplements in the grain mixture because fast-growing grass or legume pasture contains plenty of protein. But when pastures begin to dry up, better add a protein supplement to the grain mixture--about mid- July if the summer is dry.
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fERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MAY 12, 1952
Recondition Movable pog Houses for Range Shelters
URBANA- -Movable hog houses can serve as summer range shel- ters with a little reconditioning this spring.
H. L. Wakeland, agricultural engineer at the Illinois Col- lege of Agriculture, says moving hog houses is especially hard on skids, framing and roof.
It ' 3 a good idea to replace severely worn skids, but you can "re-shce" partially worn skids with 1" x 4"'s or 2" x 4"'s. Skids or shoes treated with a preservative give better service because they're protected against rot.
Wakeland adds these suggestions for renovating the framing of your hog house: Replace all broken floor boards and nail down loose boards; make sure the hitches are in good order; tighten loose side walls at the bottom of the studs with metal angle irons or wood corner angles; replace roofing or worn flooring and sills at the en- trance; and pound in protruding nails.
To repair faulty roofing, renail loose metal roof sheets
and redrive roofing nails that are loose; renail or replace roll or
shingle roofing that has become loose or torn.
MCD:bb -30-
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Illinois Farm Nevs - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MAY 12, 1952
Tvo Illinois Teams Place in Land Judging Contest
URBANA — Two Illinois teams made fine showings in the first national land judging contest held recently near Oklahoma City.
E» D. Walker, University of Illinois soil conservationist, says in the 4-H class the Will county team placed sixth among 3^ en- tries. In the class for high school vocational agriculture teams, the Maroa high school from Macon county placed l4th among 80 entries. It is believed these two teams were the only Illinois entries. There was no Illinois entry in the adult class.
"Both teams did very well to place in the upper 20 percent," says Walker, "when you consider they were judging such different soils from ours in Illinois. They must have had some fine coaching."
The contest is meant to teach farm folks to judge soils, much like livestock are judged. Factors to consider in judging soils are class of land, crop rotation, amount of erosion, soil texture, drainage and other conditions. LJW:bb -30-
Barley Varieties Recommended for Malting and Feed
URBANA- -Ode rbrucker, Montcalm and Kindred L are the recom- mended malting barley varieties in Illinois this year, according to J. C. Hackleman and W. 0. Scott, University of Illinois crops men.
Moore variety is not recommended as a m3.1ting variety be- cause brewers have been very conservative about purchasing malt made from Moore barley. However, Moore has an excellent record for yield and stiffness of straw. Farmers interested in barley for feed would do well to stick with Moore, for it is an excellent feed.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, MAY 13, 195
No Extreme Drops Seen in Record>High Illinois Farm Land Prices
URBANA--Farm land values in Illinois, after a 19-year climb from the depth of the depression, are nov the highest on record--and an agricultural economist at the Illinois College of Agriculture be- lieves they are pretty well cushioned against long-continued drops in the years ahead.
C. L. Stewart calls the rise in Illinois land prices over the last two years "extraordinary." It practically equaled the two- year boom period starting in 1918, which brought the per acre aver- age up to $187 in 1920.
At $224 in March this year, the average Illinois farm acre was about $50 higher than two years ago. The rate of increase tapered off in 1951. The per acre average was $59 in 1933 and $ll8 in 19^5. The rise in value has been about 90 percent in the seven- year period since 19^5.
Per acre estimates used here are based on combined census and federal-state agricultural department data.
Stewart points out that, while the average land value was $224 an acre in March, farm land prices in the state go far in both
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directions. Some buyers may pay less than $70 an acre; other may pay over $500, depending on the improvements on the land and the quality of soil. For example, average value was about $336 an acre in a seven-county area of east-central Illinois in March. It was about $90 in 11 southeastern counties.
Illinois farm real estate is novr estimated to have a total value of about $7 billion. In 1950, according to the Census of Ag- riculture, average per acre value in the state was topped only by those in the four comparatively small agricultural states of New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts.
As to future trends, the U.I. economist believes forces tending to pull land values down will about balance those favoring further rise. Thus we might expect a "leveling off,"
He adds, though, that sudden events, such as a Korean armis- tice, a drouth or a "shooting" war with Russia, could bring about sharp and unpredictable changes.
Stewart lists the present trend toward lower net farm in- comes as one of the forces which will exert downward pressure on land values. Interest rates and farm production costs are still going up, while prices received for most farm products have leveled or dropped.
Upward pressure on land values will come mainly from an ex- panding demand for farm products. U. S. population is increasing rapidly, but there will be few additional acres available to produce the needed foods. Great increases in per acre yield have come with technological advances in farming and must continue to develop--e3- pecially on land as level and fertile as much of Illinois land is. This higher per acre production increases the earning power per acre and tends to maintain the value of the land.
Net farm income, Stewart concludes, could go down substan- tially before much reduction in land prices would follow.
OPG:bb -30-
5-9-52
Radio News
(ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1952
Be Safe--Make Sure Safety Shields Are In Place
URBANA--In this busy spring work season, it's smart to play it safe and have safety shields in place around power take-offs and other moving farm machinery parts.
John Matthews, executive secretary of the Illinois Rural Safety Council, says the stakes are too high for you to gamble against having an accident by working around machinery without guards. If you lose, it's too late to be sorry.
See your machinery dealer if you do not have standard power take-off hitches and shields. But the best shield made gives no pro- tection if you don't put it on.
Some manufacturers are putting on nonremovable power take- off shields to help protect operators against their own negligence. You can open these shields for servicing or inspecting the power shaft.
Matthews suggests that you also check the shields on fans,
chains and gears. Be sure they're in place before using the machine.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MAY 1^ , 1932
Pcvdera Do Not Prevent Moist Hay Spoilage
URBANA- -Baking soda may be a big help in th6 kitchen, but it is no good to stop spoilage of high-moisture alfalfa, either chopped or loose, according to a test by two Illinois College of iigriculture men.
Many farmers had asked J. H. Ramser, agricultural engineer, and K. A. Kendall, dairy specialist, whether various povders would prevent moist hay from spoiling during storage. So the two men tested a common one containing over 80 percent ordinary baking soda and over 12 percent calcium carbonate.
They found that it was not effective in stopping mold in alfalfa with 32 percent moisture. Even at double the recommended amount, the powder failed to stop spoilage.
For the test they used alfalfa below 35 percent moisture which had been cut in early-bloom stage, v/indrowed and run through a field chopper. They stored it in three 4 x 10 foot silos with air- tight sides and open tops.
In the first silo they used the recommended amount of pow- der- 5 pounds per ton. They added 10 pounds per ton to the 'second silo and left the third untreated.
The results? When the silos were emptied two weeks later, all the hay was brownish and poor in quality. The upper four feet and a strip an inch thick all around the sides from top to bottom was badly molded in each silo. The rest of the hay had no visible mold
but was fermented and unfit for feeding.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOlsr SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MAY 15, 1952
New Calf Starter Costs Only $3.75
URBANA--A new, simplified calf starter costing only $3.75 per hundredweight has given growth gains well above average for about half the cost of raising calves with large amounts of whole milk.
K. E. Gardner, University of Illinois dairyman, says "It's the lowest cost starter I know of."
Here is the formula: 50 pounds of shelled yellow corn, 20 pounds of oats, 27 1/2 pounds of soybean oil meal (either expeller or solvent), 1 1/2 pounds of steamed bonemeal and 1 pound of salt. It provides l8 percent total protein and should be coarsely ground. The $3 '75 cost for this starter includes cost of grinding. This formula can be easily mixed on the farm too if you wish.
In College of Agriculture tests, this starter was fed to 53 dairy heifers of all five breeds. Their growth gains averaged from 108 to 134 percent of normal. These gains compared closely with those of 23 control calves getting a more expensive, complicated starter.
Calves first received the simplified starter at two weeks of age and were carried on it to four months of age. They ate it free
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choice, up to 4 1/2 pounds dally, with all the good-quality legume or legume-grass hay they wanted, plus water and salt. Good results in raising calves depend heavily on feeding good-quality hay.
The calves averaged only 3^0 pounds of whole milk fed during an 8- or 10-week period. This is less than half the whole milk often fed, and the saving is about $20 per calf.
Holstein, Ayrshire and Brown Swiss test calves each averaged
367 or 369 pounds of whole milk during eight weeks, while Jerseys and
Guernseys averaged 379 and 4l4 pounds respectively during 10 weeks.
You can get full details on the simplified, low-cost calf starter by writing the College of Agriculture, Urbane, for a free pamphlet. Just ask for the pamphlet on the new calf starter.
LJN:bb -30-
DHIA Testers' Annual Meeting, May 19-20, Urbana
URBANA- -Ninety -one testers in Illinois dairy herd improve- ment associations are promised plenty of up-to-date information at their annuel meeting scheduled for May 19 and 20 at the University of Illinois, Urbana.
Leo Fryman, extension dairyman, says the program is designed to inform testers on new methods and technical developments in dairy- ing. They can use these facts to help the 2,000 state association ■ members get more efficient milk production from their herds.
College of Agriculture specialists will talk on registry testing and new developments in feeding, herd health, dairy farm management and making grass silage and high-quality hay.
A tour of the University dairy farm, a judging-contest-type school and a banquet at the University Club will complete the program.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MAY 16, 1952
Plg3 Sneeze? Vatch for Rhinitis
URBANA--If your spring pigs begin to sneeze, don't blame it on a cold. Call your veterinarian because they may have rhinitis, a disease that is causing severe losses throughout the Midwest.
Dr. G. T. Woods, veterinarian at the University of Illinois, says infectious atrophic rhinitis has spread rapidly, infecting many new swine herds each year. Breeding animals that have had the disease often carry it into healthy herds.
Other symptoms of rhinitis are a bloody nose, a dished face or a curved snout. Affected pigs are often stunted and unprofitable. Death losses may follow if pneumonia strikes the weakened pigs.
If the disease is diagnosed early before all the litters are exposed, destroy the sick pigs and market the affected sows, gilts and boars. Disinfect all equipment and move it and your healthy pigs to clean ground. If most of the pigs have the disease, dispose of the entire herd end clean and disinfect the equipment.
When you restock your farm, take special caution to be sure you're not buying infected hogs again. Be sure to buy your breeding stock from a herd that has never had the disease.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MAY 16, 1952
Plastic Pipe and Field Water Tanks
URBANA--The nev plastic pipe, nov becoming available from some well drillers and hardware stores, makes it easy to set up tem- porary, movable water lines to field water tanks.
Frank Andrew, extension agricultural engineer at the Illi- nois College of Agriculture, says plastic pipe is light, flexible, easy to handle and not subject to rust or corrosion.
You can get the new pipe in sizes ranging from 1/4 inch to 2 inches in diameter in rolls 4C0 feet long. Andrew says the 400- foot roll is so light you can lift it easily. A pocket knife to cut the material and a screwdriver to tighten the fittings are all you'll need for installation.
You can buy special adapters with the plastic water pipe to fit it to standard pipe fittings. It also has its own special plastic t fittings.
For short- time service, just uncoil a roll or two of the plastic pipe on top of the ground. But it is best to cover plastic pipe you plan to install for several months or longer, because sun- light is somewhat harmful to it. Just put the pipe in a plowed shal- low furrow and shovel the dirt back over it.
Plastic pipe can carry warm water up to 120 degrees without
harm, but it is not designed for hot water.
Andrew says plastic pipe seems especially useful for jet- type pumps. One man can lower the jet pump into a well by uncoiling two rolls of the plastic pipe at the same time. The smooth inside surface of the pipe insures good operation of a jet pump.
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^ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MAY 17, 1952
New Disease May Cause Heavy Pig Losses
URBANA--Call your veterinarian if your pigs' eyelids, snout or lips begin to swell. They may have pig edema.
Dr. P. D. Beamer, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says pig edema is a new disease to most swine raisers. So far it has caused only scattered outbreaks in Illinois, but it's fast becoming a serious problem in some swine -producing states.
The veterinarian says the disease takes its highest toll in pigs 10 to l6 weeks old. Animals seem to be most susceptible if they have been recently brought onto the farm, have had a change of diet or have just been weaned.
Affected pigs lose their appetite and can't control their body movements properly. Paralysis and convulsions often precede death, which may occur within 12 hours after the first symptoms appear,
Dr. Beamer says farmers should report all suspicious cases
to their local veterinarians immediately. This may help to prevent
serious death losses and it will also help to prevent the disease from
spreading to other farms.
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Fertilizers Rise Least of Various Farm Costs
URBANA--Fertilizers are a "best buy" on the list of things farmers purchase, says agricultural economist L. H. Simerl in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
And you don't need a lot of pencil pushing to prove it. A comparison of several price changes since prewar years tells the story pretty well.
Simerl points out that since 1935-39 farm machinery and auto prices have about doubled; building materials and fencing costs have more than doubled; farm wage rates are more than four times than they were; and prices of feeder cattle and other purchased livestock have increased nearly four times. Prices of corn and most other crops are two to three times their prewar averages.
Fertilizer prices, in contrast, have only gone up an average of about 5^ percent. Fertilizers now cost slightly more than half again as much as they cost in 1935-39. OFG:bb -30-
Illinois Farm Girls to Visit Sweden, Israel
URBANA --Norma Jean Hanell, 21, Bloomington, McLean county, and Margaret Dail, 21, Erie, Whiteside county, will be the Illinois delegates to the International Farm Youth Exchange program this year.
College of Agriculture youth leaders say that about 175 young farm people from the United States will live and work on farms in some 36 foreign countries under the exchange plan this summer. Miss Hanell will go to Sweden and Miss Dail to Israel.
During the past three years, four Illinois farm youth from four counties have visited five foreign countries. In return, rural young people from several foreign countries have learned American farming by living and working on farms here.
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fERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MAY 19, 1952
Lov Spoilage Loss In Grass Silages-Here's Hov
URBANA--Here ' s an easy way to avoid excessive spoilage loss in your grass silage stored in combination trench-stack silos.
When digging the trench, pile the excavated dirt alongside the trench. This forms a wall above ground to hold the silage. Then, during filling, just widen the stack so that it extends out 2 or 3 feet onto the dirt bank alongside the trench.
With this extra width, you can then pack the silage firmly with a tractor out at least to the inside edge of the bank. This will divert rainwater over the dirt bank and prevent it from soaking in along the sides of the bank and causing heavy spoilage loss .
In a report issued today, three University of Illinois dairy- men say that when this method is followed no spoilage should occur in- side the dirt bank.
The report of J. G. Cash, K. E. Harshbarger and K. E. Gard- ner covers 27 stacks in 11 counties. Actually 2^ of them were trench- stack silos with about one-third of the silage below ground in a trench.
The three men found no spoilage below the dirt bank on five stacks built by widening out the stack over the dirt bank. Where this was not done on 8 other stacks, spoilage along the sides was heavy.
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They explain that by widening the stack over the dirt bank you provide a rounded cover that carries the rain over the edge of the stack. If you do not extend the stack, there is a slight V-shaped trough were the stack meets the wall^ and this makes an ideal place for rain to soak in and cause extensive spoilage.
You can get a free copy of their mimoegraphed report from the College of Agriculture, Urbana. Among the five illustrations in the report is one showing the recommended method of stack construction.
Here are some other suggestions on building your stack:
1. Provide good drainage. Build the stack on a slope. If excess water stays in the bottom of a stack, you generally get poor- quality silage, not to mention a soupy footing in emptying the stack.
2. Support the sides of the stack with dirt banks. They make a better support than fence or boards. They are not forced out of position as the silage settles.
3. In building the stack, keep the top as nearly level as possible. If the middle gets much higher than the sides, you cannot drive the tractor near enough to the edges to pack them firmly. Rain 3oaks into this loose material and causes spoilage. That is the rea- son for widening the stack out over the dirt bank. Even though most of the silage on the edges above the dirt bank can be expected to spoil, this loss is not excessive.
4. Build a stack the right size for the acreage you're putting up. The mimeo report has a helpful table on this question.
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The three men say use of trench-stack silos is growing more popular because initial cash costs are low. Farmers have scooped out the trenches for as little as $5 (excluding their labor), the silo need not be permanent and they don't need a blower for filling. These silos are especially good for tenant farmers.
Among the 27 stacks, estimated spoilage by volume ranged from 4 percent up to 37 percent. The survey also showed that you can make good grass silage with or without preservatives, because preser- vatives were added to only six stacks.
Protein content (dry basis) averaged about l4 1/2 percent, or about twice that of corn silage. This emphasizes the value of legume-grass silage as a source of protein. And about two-thirds of the stacks fell within the acceptable moisture range of 70-75 percent. LJN;bb -30-
Time Changed on Farm TV Show
URBANA--The time for the regular Thursday television show prepared by the University of Illinois College of Agriculture and seen on WBKB-TV, Channel 4, Chicago, has been changed to ^:15 p.m.
Station and college officials point out that the day is the same, Thursday, but the new time is 4:15 p.m.
The third program of a trial 13-week series can be seen this Thursday. Subjects include the story of hybrid corn, plus a special feature for homemakers.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSIOfST SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, MAY 20, 1^52
liOv-Fressure Spray Can Control Sheep Ticks
URBANA--U3e a low-pressure crop spraying outfit to treat rour sheep to control ticks if you don't have dipping facilities or i high-pressure spraying rig.
Tests by the USDA have shown that spray units developing a pressure of 60 pounds per square inch will ccntrol ticks as effectively 13 more expensive, high-pressure sprayers, according to U. S. Garrigus lead of sheep work in the University of Illinois.
Garrigus emphasizes that dipping is still the surest and
)est way to control ticks--if you have the facilities. But if you
iiave to use the spray method, be sure to wet the sheep thoroughly with
ipray. Here's how- -with a low-pressure sprayer:
Corner your flock in a pen and soak them with a coarse, •ain-like spray. Each sheep will take from 2 to 8 quarts of spray laterial, depending on size and thickness of fleece. Add a wetting gent or common detergent to the mixture to get better wetting and ontrol in long-fleeced sheep.
USDA insect specialists believe choice of insecticide and horough application are more important than spray pressure. They got to 6 months' control of ticks with 0.5 percent concentrations of DDT, hlordane, toxaphene and methoxychlor, and 0.025 percent gamma isomer ontent of benzene hexchloride.
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New Federal Milk Order
URBANA--The proposed federal milk order covering l8 central Illinois counties may be in effect by January 1953 •
That's the belief of R. W. Bartlett, milk marketing special ist in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
Dairymen in the grade A marketing areas of Bloomington, Champa ign-Urbana, Danville, Decatur and Streator have requested a U. S. Department of Agriculture hearing on the proposed order. Bart- lett expects the hearing to be held in early July.
What will the order do for dairymen, dealers and consumers in the central Illinois area? Bartlett says it will mean a more orde: ly and efficient marketing process, with more uniform prices and sup- plies. Farmers, dealers and consumers in general should benefit from the order.
. Here are three things the proposed order would do:
1. Provide an organized and uniform basis for milk pricing which keeps the farm price of milk in line with the national level
of farm prices .
2. Provide for an auditing service of monthly reports from dealers to make sure that producers get the uniform price.
3. Supply timely and accurate market information to pro- ducers, dealers and the public on production, sales and prices.
Bartlett says that more than two-thirds of the people in Illinois are now being served by markets operating under federal or- ders. The orders were previously established in the Chicago, St. Lou:* Rockford-Freeport and Rock Island-Moline areas.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MAY 21, 1952
Raindrops Hit Soil Like A-Bomb
URBANA--A tiny raindrop may not seem like an A-bomb; but when it hits bare soil, it has almost the same effect.
E. D. Walker, soil conservationist in the University of Il- linois College of Agriculture, says millions of raindrops hit the soil during a storm. When they land, they splash tiny droplets of wet soil in every direction. Research men say that during a hard rain as much as 100 tons of soil may be bouncing up and down on each acre.
Illinois records also show that in an average year 90 per- cent of the soil loss from corn fields occurs during May and June. And April, May and June are the months of heaviest rainfall.
Erosion on bare land is often tremendous. Soil is torn 'loose and washed away. Available plant food is lost. But if the soil is covered with a protective legume-grass mixture, loss by erosion is much lower. Walker says tests have shown that on a 9 percent slope 3orn followed by winter wheat lost 240 times as much topsoil as well- established legume-grass pasture with the same slope.
Legume-grass crops bind the soil particles together and also provide cover to break the surprising force of falling raindrops.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MAY 21, 1952
Illinois Rural Population Goes Up 138,000
URBANA- -Illinois rural population increased 138,000, or 6 1/2 percent, from 19^0 to 1950, says a rural sociologist in the University of Illinois.
0. L. Folse says two important facts stand out from a study of census figures: (1) The 3^ counties gaining rural population either have a large city or are located near one; and (2) among the 68 counties losing rural people, the heaviest losses occurred in southern Illinois counties.
As for gains. Lake county almost doubled its 19^0 rural population, DuPage county showed an 83 percent gain, and Winnebago county gained 51 percent. Other showing significant gains of 25 per- cent or more in rural population were Rock Island, Madison, Cook, McHenry . Kane, Macon and St. Clair.
As for losses, the largest was in Schuyler county- -a 39 percent drop. Other losses of 25 to 30 percent showed up in Alexander, Ford, Jasper and Pope counties. Six other counties had losses of ^ 17 to 20 percent- -Fayette, Fulton, Johnson, Monroe, Pike and Saline.
Folse says the towns of Rushville, Gibson City and Newton
were changed from rural to urban classification. This change was the
most important single cause for the heavy loss in rural population in
Schuyler, Ford and Jasper counties respectively.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOIST SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MAY 22, 1952
Illinois Farm Land Prices 5th Highest In Nation
URBANA--You're likely to pay more per acre for farm land in Illinois than in any other large agricultural state. And you'll prob- ably find that the cost per acre has doubled since 19^0.
That's the report today from C. L. Stewart, land price spe- cialist in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
Stewart says that, according to the 1950 census of agricul- ture, Illinois farm property values ranked fifth from the top with an average of $174 an acre. New Jersey was highest at $293 j followed by Connecticut at $2^8, Rhode Island at $232 and Massachusetts at $190. These census averages combine all grades of land.
However, the combined acreage of these four comparatively small states is less than half that of Illinois. These states are j| highly urbanized, and this fact pulls farm land prices upward.
Stewart points out that these census figures do not corres- pond with present land values, since per acre values have kept on ris- ing since 1950.
In Illinois, values have increased 25 to 30 percent in the past two years. The present average is about $224 an acre. Stewart
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emphasizes the fact that this figures is only an average; sales prices on select farm lands often exceed $500 an acre.
In general, values rose least in the northeastern states and most in the mountain and Pacific coast states between 19^0 and 1950. New England acre values went up only 76 percent compared with l49 per- cent in the mountain states. In the east-north-central area, the in- crease was 103 percent.
According to the census, Texas was the top-ranking state in total farm real estate value, with $6.7 billion. California moved up from fourth to second place from 19^0 to 1950; while Iowa, which ranked first in 19^0, was in third place in 1950. Illinois was fourth, followed by Kansas, Ohio and Indiana.
Stewart points out that total farm real estate values depend a great deal upon the total area of each state.
MCD:bb -30-
Safety Suggestions for Spring Bonfires
URBANA-- Bonfires and farm buildings do mix- -much too easily 1 So for safety keep them widely separated.
Dean W. Winter, fire prevention specialist at the Illinois College of Agriculture, offers this word of caution: When you burn paper fertilizer sacks or last winter's accumulation of rubbish, keep the fire well out in the open so that flying embers and burning paper won't endanger your buildings.
Winters says it's a good idea to keep gunny sacks and water near bonfires. Then, if a grass fire starts, you can soak the sacks and beat out the fire.
One more tip- -and a vital one: Watch the bonfire all the time it burns, and be positive that the fire is completely out before you leave it.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MAY 23, 1S52
Bloat In Cattle Often Occurs Unexpectedly
URBANA-- If you've never had trouble vith bloat in your dairy cows on legume pasture, chances are you've just been lucky.
Dr. L. R. Bain, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says dairymen sometimes pasture legumes for years with- out any trouble. Then suddenly they lose several animals at once without having made any change in management practices.
The veterinarian says there is no known feed cr mineral mix- ture that will positively prevent bloat. Some cows will bloat on al- most anything they eat, although the greatest danger comes in the spring when the herd is first turned on lush, green legumes.
Many dairymen and veterinarians recommend keeping cattle out of the pasture while it's wet from either dew or rain. Another good idea is to give them a full feeding of leafy, well-cured hay each morning before turning them out.
Some herd owners break their cattle in to pasture gradually. They let them graze one-half hour in the morning and afternoon the first day and increase the time each day. By the sixth day they can stay all day.
Dr. Bain says It's important to call your veterinarian at the first sign of bloat. While waiting for him to arrive, tie a stick crosswise in the cow's mouth to relieve the bloat, and give her a little exercise. Prompt attention helps to save thousands of cattle a year.
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About 2^ Farm Folks Expected to Join "Meet- the- People" Air Tour
URBANA- -About 24 rural people, mainly from Illinois and other midwest states, are expected to visit at least nine European countries in the 1952 Meet-the-People tour this summer.
Tour leader D. E. Lindstrom, rural sociologist in the Illi- nois College of Agriculture, reports that the 6-week airline trip this year will allow extensive sightseeing and visiting in England, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and France. Side trips to Scotland, Ireland, Wales and other countries will be avail- able.
The group will take off from New York on July 7 and is scheduled to return there on August 21.
Visits to farmers, farm and government leaders, agricul- tural colleges and leading art and historical centers will be included in the tour. Both large and small cities and at least one large and one small farm will be visited in each country.
The last similar trip through Europe was in 19^9, when 47 rural people took the Rural Cultural Arts Tour, also under the guid- ance of Lindstrom.
Lindstrom says the main purpose of the trip is to give tour members a chance to learn more about how farm people live in other countries, along with the many sightseeing experiences. On this tour Lindstrom will also contact European leaders and students in connec- tion with his wcrk in helping to develop the International Christian University in Japan.
The tour group is being limited to 30 this summer, and pos- sibly only 20, mainly because of limited travel accommodations.
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'ERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, iVlAY 24, 1952
Avoid Animal Losses From Bloat
URBANA--Bloat in his dairy herd is the farmer's spring • nightmare.
C. S. Rhode, extension dairyman at the Illinois College of Agriculture, says the higher production and lower costs from lush green pastures are frequently offset by the threat of bloat. But many dairymen avoid loss of animals by following these practices throughout the spring grazing season.
Make the change from dry feed to juicy pasture slowly. This will go a long way toward preventing severe digestive troubles and bloat. Give the cows their usual feeding of grain and roughage for a week or so when they first go on pasture.
One of the most helpful practices is to locate a rack near the watering or resting place and keep it well filled with hay or straw.
Thirdly, feed a grain mixture made up entirely or mostly cf coarsely ground corn and cob meal and ground oats.
Last, check each cow often and carefully for signs of bloat. If bloat is detected early enough, losses can usually be prevented.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOM SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, MAY 26, 1S52
Tips Given on Lawn Care
URBANA- -Smooth, green lawns don't just happen--they require careful planning and construction to begin with, and then good care.
H. R. Kemmerer, landscape gardening specialist at the Illi- nois College of Agriculture, offers these summer lawn care tips on mowing, watering and weed control:
First, see to it that your mower does not cut the grass shorter than I5 inches. If too much of the leaf surface is cut away, there's not enough left to manufacture food for new growth.
Another common fault in lawn care is watering too often or in the wrong way. Kemmerer says Nature will take care of the water- ing job most of the time. Usually July and August, and maybe parts of September, are the only times when watering is necessary. Then water only about once a week during dry spells, and soak the ground to a depth of 6 inches.
If you have a weed problem, the best remedy for small lawns is to dig or pull the weeds out by hand. If sprays are in order, use 2,4-D for most broad-leafed weeds. For crabgrass, potassium cyanate or any other commercial crabgrass killer should do the job. Follow directions on the containers.
Kemmerer says that now is a good time to apply weed chemi- cals, before the weeds get too big for easy control.
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Here's Hov to Make Good Grass Silage With Preservatives
URBANA--Here'3 an easy way to make high-quality grass si- lage with preservatives. C. S. Rhode, University of Illinois dairy- man, says many successful dairymen follow this method.
Rhode says they cut the legume or legume-grass mixtures when the alfalfa is about l/lO in bloom. That's fairly early, but they get the best protein content by cutting then. They use a wind- row attachment on the mower and let the crop wilt 2 to 4 hours in the windrow, depending on drying conditions.
Then they chop it into l/k inch lengths, and for preserva- tive they use 200 to 250 pounds of ground corn and cob meal or 70 to 80 pounds of molasses per ten of green feed.
Rhode says that if you do not use a preservative you can get the best-grade silage by cutting the crop in 1/2 bloom and putting it into the silo immediately. MCD:bb -30-
Judges Chosen for Junior Chicken-of -Tomorrow Contest
URBANA--Sam Ridlen, poultryman. University of Illinois, and Verne Almquist, Armour packing company, Chicago, are the two judges for the state finals at the Illinois Junior Chicken-of -Tomorrow con- test to be held June 6 at Lincoln, Illinois.
Clarence Ems, contest committee chairman, says 241 Illinois young folks from 48 counties will be competing for sizeable cash prizes and ribbons an the northern, central and southern sectional contests before the state finals. Handoorae large trophies will go to the first five state winners. All entrants who complete the contest will receive a certificate of participation.
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5-21-52
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lERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, MAY 27, 1952
Govs On Pasture Need Extra Grain
URBANA--Peed your high-producing cow3 some grain, even while they are on spring pasture.
C. S. Rhode, extension dairyman at the Illinois College of Agriculture, says when pastures are lush and juicy, farm grains alone make a good mixture.
Usually 1 pound of grain for every 5 or 6 pounds of milk produced daily will be enough to keep production high and the cows in good condition.
But when your pastures mature, feed a grain ration contain- ing about 13 percent total protein during the middle of summer. MCDrbb -30-
Weed Control Most Important Garden Problem
URBANA--Weed control is the most important garden problem, once you've planted the seed and it's growing.
' B. L. Weaver, vegetable garden specialist in the Illinois College of Agriculture, recommends cultivating both planted and un- planted areas about once a week, plus hand-hoeing and weeding in the rows. Wheel hoes are excellent for saving both time and labor in the normal family- sized garden. Probably the best all-purpose type of hoe is a single-wheel implement equipped with surface blades.
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Spindle -Shaped Bags Mean Trouble From Bagvorma
URBANA--If you've found small, spindle-shaped bags on your jvergreen or deciduous trees and shrubs, you'll have trouble this sum- aer vith bagworms eating the leaves off the plants.
L. L. English, insect specialist in the Illinois Natural listory Survey, says these overwintering bags contain eggs that grow Lnto worms in the summer. Normally the eggs hatch in southern Illi- lois about the last of May, in central Illinois from June 10 to 15 ind in northern Illinois about the last of June. However, the eggs ire hatching about 10 days earlier than usual this year.
Your deciduous trees will not die if bagworms eat the leaves )ff once, but repeated defoliation may weaken them until they become jasy prey for borers. However, one single bagworm defoliation will 5ften kill evergreens.
After the eggs have started hatching, as they have already Ln central and southern Illinois, the only way you can control bag- forms is by spraying.
One heaping tablespoon of lead arsenate to a gallon of water nakes an effective spray. For large scale spraying, a good ratio is ♦ pounds of lead arsenate to 100 gallons of water.
One thorough spraying will usually kill all the worms if ap- plied right after the eggs hatch and while the worms are still small. Jy mid- or late summer, you may have to spray twice. After the worms 3top feeding in late summer and winter, spraying is useless.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSiOhT SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MAY 28, 1952
'Minnesota 4-H'ers to Visit New Salem Park
URBANA- -Twenty -seven 4-H Club members from as many counties in Minnesota will spend a day in Illinois on June l8.
They will be on their way to Mississippi, where they will spend three weeks living and working on farms of 4-H ers in that state,
This exchange project is patterned after the International Farm Youth Exchange program in which American young men and women live and wcrk in other countries. Last year 26 Mississippi 4-H members came to Minnesota for a three-week stay.
High spot of the Minnesota youngsters' trip through Illinois will be a tour of New Salem State Park near Petersburg, where they will see the reconstruction of Lincoln's village. They are also plan- ning to visit the Lincoln home and tomb in Springfield on their way to St. Louis, the next stop on their tour south.
F. H. Mynard, assistant state 4-H club leader from the Il- linois College of Agriculture, will meet the delegation at New Salem and help conduct their tour through this state.
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Illinois Farm Nevs - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, MAY 28, 1952
;ut Hay Early for Moat Feed Value
URBANA--By cutting your hay at the right time this year, rou'll be doing one of the most important things in making top-quality lay, says a University of Illinois dairyman.
C. S. Rhode emphasizes the fact that early-cut hay is higher In protein and has a much higher feeding value than forage that is too nature when cut.
Probably the one most important step in making A-1 hay is to sut it early. The best time to cut alfalfa or alfalfa -brome-lespedeza aixtures is when the alfalfa is not over l/lO in bloom. Red clover or ?ed clover and timothy should be cut when the clover is about 1/2 in )loom. The longer you wait to cut after the best bloom stage, the Less protein you have in the hay. And protein makes milk.
Here are some other practical tips in making excellent hay:
Check short- and long-time weather forecasts carefully.
Cut no more than you can quickly cure and store.
Wilt in the swath for 1 to 3 hours, and finish curing in the rindrow to save leaves and green color.
Dry to a safe moisture content to avoid moldy hay and barn 'ires. Without mow curing, safe moisture is 15 percent for chopped lay, 20 percent for loose hay and 25 percent for baled hay.
For even better hay, use a hay crusher, mow-curing system,
)r both.
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COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, MAY 29, 1952
I Legume -Grass Farming Growing More Popular
URBANA--Illinois farmers are turning more and more to legume-grass farming, according to a spot check in eight counties scattered over the state.
Farm advisers in those counties reported to the University of Illinois College of Agriculture that seed sales were up 5 to 50 percent, indicating more acreage planted to legume-grass mixtures.
The Madison county adviser also mentioned a big increase in soil tests for pasture improvement in 1951--at least 25 percent, and maybe 50 percent, over 1950.
Results from pasture improvement make legume-grass farming look like a "good deal" too. In Hamilton county Virgil Douglas raised 70 hogs to market weight on Ladino clover and bought only one bag of hog supplement. Arthur Allen has his entire 240 acres in legumes and grass and fattens 200 to 800 sheep each year.
Reports from Will county show a definite increase in acre- age of cropland seeded to legumes and grass during the past three years .
In Bond county one man established a good legume-grass pas- ture on 20 acres of supposedly useless brush land that had not been
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plowed for 80 years. After improvement he had to buy more livestock last summer to keep the grass down.
In Pope-Hardin counties improved pastures are increasing at a fast rate. Such figures as 25C pounds of clean fescue seed per acre, 70 bales of hay and 100 pasture days per acre definitely make farmers want to get into the legume-grass business.
In Woodford county planting intentions for 1952 showed smaller corn acreage and more land in legume-grass seedings.
Barney Zerkle, grain farmer from Richland county^ last sum- mer pastured two dairy cows, two calves, a sow and her litter on a 2-acre legume-grass seeding the entire season. In addition, he took 135 bales of hay weighing about 60 pounds each off that same pasture.
In Stark county there is more interest in grass silage, about 20 farmers having put up silage during the past two years.
Of course these are just straws in the wind, but they
apparently show a state- wide trend toward more good legume -grass crops.
-30- L JN : pp 5-26-52
If you're planning to remodel your old barn or build a new one soon, why not consider a one-story barn with hay stored en the ll ground? Pole-framing, an open side to the south and a labor-saving driveway through the middle are other new features you'll want to consider. For more information, write to the University of Illinois College of Agriculture, Urbana.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MAY 30, 1952
Vatch Govts on Pasture for Grass Tetany
URBANA- -Watch your cows closely for grass tetany during the first few weeks they are on grass pasture this spring.
Dr. R. D. Hatch of the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine says that grass tetany is highly fatal. It occurs mainly in the spring when cows are producing heavily. Pas- tures that have been highly fertilized seem to cause the most trouble.
You may help prevent the disease if you take the cattle off pasture at night the first two weeks and give them a feeding of good hay, Dr. Hatch says. Heavy grain feeding in the winter which af- fects the amounts of calcium, phosphorus and ma.gnesium in the body is sometimes blamed for the disease.
To get the jump on grass tetany, watch for such symptoms as poor appetite, twitching muscles, unsteady gait or convulsions. Many animals become paralyzed and are unable to get up, although they appear normal in other ways.
If symptoms of grass tetany appear, call your veterinarian. Prompt treatment often brings quick recovery. If treatment is de- layed, death may occur in a few hours.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, MAY 30, 1952
2 in 5 Illinois Rural Tovns Lose Population
URBANA--TV/0 out of five Illinois rural towns of fewer than 2,500 people have lost population during the past 10 years.
C. L. Folse, rural sociologist in the Illinois College of Agriculture, says the tendency for people to leave rural centers presents a real challenge to leaders concerned with community improve- ment programs .
The future of the smaller centers will depend a great deal upon how well they are able to meet day-to-day needs of farmers and how much farm people are encouraged to take an active part in commu- nity life and affairs.
Folse says the challenge extends to society in general, since these small communities have always been leaders in fostering and preserving our democratic institutions.
Folse reports that while kO percent of these rural commu- nities were losing ground, the general shift in population from rural to urban continued. Illinois cities increased their population by nearly 12 percent from 19^0 to 1950, while the rural increase was only about 65 percent, based on the 19^0 census classification of "rural" and "urban."
Peoria is a good example of how rapidly Illinois population
has become urbanized. In 1900, it was the only city in the state in the 50,000 to 100,000 population range. By 1950 there were 10 cities in this size group.
Since 1900 both the number of cities and the urban popula- tion have grown tremendously. In 1950 about three -fourths of all Illinois residents were living in urban areas.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOlsr SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, MAY 31, 1952
Renovation Cuts Needed Pasture Acreage In Half
URBANA--By improving 1? acres of hillside pasture, Bob Henderson, Hamilton county dairyman, has cut in half the pasture ac- reage he needs for his 35 to ^0 cows.
Farm Adviser F. W. Kittinger says that before improvement Henderson pastured about 105 acres on the l60-acre farm. Now he uses only 40 acres for cow pasture and the 17-acre renovated field
for about 16 yearling heifers.
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Henderson and his landlord, Donald Johnson, now can put the
50 acres or so that was formerly in pasture into corn, soybeans or wheat. Not only that, but they have better pasture on fewer acres.
Last winter Henderson grazed 16 Holstein and Guernsey cows every day he could on the rye nurse crop for the legume-grass seeding. And last summer the seeding provided feed for 13 to 16 heifers all summer long. That pasture will furnish lots more feed this summer too.
"That good rye pasture last winter paid me back for all the costs of improving that field," says Henderson. He reports that the cows gained about one-third in milk production whenever he turned them out into that high-protein rye.
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"The C0V3 could hardly keep ahead of the rye," says Hender- son. And peak forage production from the legume seeding is still to come .
Since the pasture was located on a fairly steep hillside, it was plowed on the contour and the seedbed was prepared in mid- September 1950. The field received 3 tons of limestone, 1,500 pounds of rock phosphate and 100 pounds of potash to the acre. Soil tests showed that these amounts were needed.
That fall 1 bushel of rye, 6 pounds of alta fescue, 4 pounds of timothy and 2 pounds of redtop were seeded per acre. The next spring 1 pound of Ladino, 4 pounds of red clover and 5 pounds of les- pedeza were added. LJNrbb -30-
Two State 4«H Leaders Will Study at Maryland
URBANA--Erma Cottingham and H. J. Wetzel, assistant state 4-H Club leaders in Illinois, have each been awarded a $200 scholar- ship to the University of Maryland Institute for Child Study this sum- mer to attend a 6-week workshop on education in human development.
The workshop will include lectures by prominent psycholo- gists and educators to explain various aspects of human behavior. In laboratory sessions, the students will have a chance to apply the principles they learn to actual problems of young people.
This training should be of real help to extension people in their work with 4-H Club members and rural youth.
Besides Miss Cottingham and Wetzel, 46 other extension work- ers from 31 states, Hawaii and Puerto Rico received scholarships. A grant of $10,500 from the Sears Roebuck foundation to the National 4-H Club Foundation made the scholarships and training program possible.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JUNE 2, 1952
Antibiotics Give Most Grovth on Poultry Up to 3 Weeks of Age
URBANA- -Antibiotics in poultry rations will give you the most growth for ycur money if you feed them during the first three weeks of a chick's life.
Poultry specialist Sam Ridlen in the Illinois College of Agriculture says that after the chicks are three weeks of age the amount of growth from antibiotics falls fast. On superior rations ] the growth advantage may disappear completely when a chick weights . two pounds at seven weeks of age. With poor rations, the decline is more gradual .
For adult birds, you don't need antiblotics--at least until more is known about how they respond. Here are other facts to remem- ber about antibiotics in poultry rations:
First, antibiotics are never a substitute for good manage- ment and sanitation. They will net take the place of dietary protein in any ration.
Second, some rations do not give a growth response when antibiotics are added.
And, finally, the amount of growth gain is never as good from a poor ration plus antibiotics as the gains from a good ration plus antibiotics. In fact, in most cases it will not equal the growth from a good ration without antibiotics.
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Have Fire Extinguisher on Every Tractor
URBANA--A fire extinguisher on every tractor is the best form of "extra" insurance you can buy.
Dean M. Winter, farm fire prevention specialist at the Illi- nois College of Agriculture, says a carbon tetrachloride extinguisher costs about $10, and a large carbon dioxide extinguisher about $20.
When a small investment like that may save a valuable ma- chine, it's money well spent.
A tractor fire can start easily from a broken sediment bulb or from gasoline spilling over a hot manifold. With the right ex- tinguisher within easy reach, you can put out the fire immediately.
Winters says to be sure you buy an extinguisher approved by the Underwriters' Laboratories. Look for their seal on the case. MCD:bb -30-
Answer to Cost-Sharing Problem
URBANA--HOW should a son with 70 acres of his own land pay his Dad for use of machinery and time spent on that land when they're both farming together on the Dad's home farm?
That question recently came to J. B. Cunningham, farm ten- ancy specialist in the Illinois College of Agriculture. On the home farm, the father furnished most of the capital, including one-half of the equipment and livestock, and the son furnished the labor and man- agement. They both shared equally in the return.
To handle costs of farming the son's 70 acres fairly with the other land, Cunningham suggested pooling the two tracts and shar- ing all income and expenses, regardless of where they are incurred. Since the son will be adding extra acres, he might expect to receive a larger share of income than formerly.
The specialist says a family in Champaign county with more than 1,000 acres and four or five tracts of land has used a pooling plan successfully for some years. However, Cunningham says much de- pends on both parties understanding each other well.
LJN:bb -30-
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JUNE 3, 1952
When Potatoes Are Plentiful, Consumers Are Choosy
URBANA--When Mrs. Consumer visits the grocery these days and finds potatoes in the bin, she's likely to buy them whether they are large, small, red, white or even dirty.
But Ross Kelly, fruit and vegetable marketing specialist in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture, assures us that buying potatoes during times of normal supply is much like buying a new spring hat. When buying either, customers are pretty choosy.
Economists from several other north central state experi- ment stations and the U. S. Department of Agriculture have been work- ing with Kelly since 19^8 in studying the homemaker's potato prefer- ences. ■ Here are some examples of their findings:
In a Chicago supermarket survey on potato size, 90 percent of all preferences were for potatoes 2 1/4 to 3 1/4 inches in diam- eter. A previous nation-wide survey had already shown that three- fifths of the homemakers wanted a medium-sized potato.
Customers wanted the same size whether potatoes were red or white. The way they are to be cooked has a lot to do with the size chosen- -for example, small ones for potato salad or boiling with skins on, and large ones for mashing or baking.
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Both men and women chose potatoes by color rather than variety name. At St. Louis, Missouri and Lincoln, Nebraska, more than 2 1/2 times as many customers bought red potatoes as bought white.
A "peeling economy" study by the economists showed that the bigger the potato, the larger the amount of usable potatoes in a given poundage of unpeeled potatoes.
Peeling little potatoes just doesn't pay--if time is worth anything. If a homemaker were paid a minimum wage, the husband would find little potatoes the most expensive on the market.
Copies of the report of this customer preference study are available from the Illinois College of Agriculture, Urbana. Ask for Regional Publication 2k,
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SRSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JUNE 4, 1952
This Is A Good Time for Good Farming
DRBANA--This is a good time for good farming and a bad time for poor farming, says a University of Illinois farm management ex- pert.
George Whitman says that although we have full employment and strong demand for farm products, farm costs have gone up faster than gross income since 1947. The pinch is on and has been for some time.
Whitman says this situation calls for efficient farming- - high production per man, per machine, per acre, per animal and per farm. This is no time to crawl into our shells. Instead, we can:
(1) Make the best use of every acre on the farm. Consider soil types, slope of land and fertility- -and then use the cropping system that will maintain or increase production and give the greatest possible acreage of crops high in cash or feed value.
(2) Use fertilizers where soil tests and experience show they're needed. Fertilizer cost has gone up least of any farm cost since the war. See your farm adviser for recommendations,
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(3) Borrow capital you need to make better use of land and labor, but don't overextend your credit just because interest rates are low.
(4) Make full use of machinery. Keep it busy and working for you, but keep it greased, oiled, housed and in good repair.
(5) Peed balanced rations to livestock regularly, and watch out for all their needs .
(6) Manage your time well. It costs no more to be on time with crops and livestock work than to be late. Being late cuts into the "take -home" share of your income.
(7) And keep posted on the outlook. Some farmers earn higher returns than others by paying careful attention to the time, place and method of buying and selling farm products.
Whitman says that following these methods should help ef- ficient farmers to continue to prosper in 1952.
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i^ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIONT SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JUNE 5, 1952
Nev Farm House Plans Ready
URBANA - -There 's something really new in farmhouse planning at your county farm or home adviser's office.
The department of agricultural engineering at the Illinois College of Agriculture, announces a new series of farmhouse plans called Flexi-Plans because of their unique approach to farmhouse de- sign. They include the usual construction drawings, but they are also designed to help farm families select the plan arrangement best suited to their needs.
The 1952 series includes three basic types of plans.
Flexi-Plan 71202 shows various combinations of 1, 1^ and 2- story houses with alternate plans and a choice in the number of bed- rooms .
Flexi-Plan 71201 includes floor plans for eight 3 -level farm- houses. In each plan the daytime living portion (kitchen, dining and living rooms) is located at or near ground level. Bedrooms are raised one -half story above the living area and extend over the lower level containing the workroom, wash-up space, heating facilities and so on.
You can build any of eight houses from the floor plans and construction drawings included in this series. In addition, since many
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Illinois Farm News - 2
Farm House Plans - add 1 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JUNE 5, 1952
parts of the plans are interchangeable, you have a choice of about 50
combinations from the single set of plans.
Flexi-Plan 71203 offers even more variety in possible floor plans than the others, with more than 100 plan combinations to choose from. Twelve complete plans are illustrated in this series, plus an expansible feature that allows you to add rooms to any of the 12 basic floor plans or any combination of them.
These new plans resulted from cooperative studies in Agricul- tural Experiment Stations of the north central states under provisions of the Research and Marketing Act. The University of Illinois did the house planning and research phase as its part in the regional cooper- ative program.
You can get the entire series or any one of the plan sets through your county extension office or directly from the College of Agriculture, Urbana . Price is $5.50 for the bound set of all three. If you order separately. Plan 71201 costs $1.80; Plan 71202, $1.65; and Plan 71203, $2.10. Look over the plans in your county farm or home adviser's office.
Distribution of plans in other states using the Midwest Plan Service is handled through their colleges of agriculture. Coop- erating and member states include, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Wisconsin. MCD:pp -30-
Pre-emergence spraying of corn with 2,4-D usually refers to treatment of the soil after corn has been planted but before the first weeds have come up. If pre-emergence treatment works well, you can omit from one to three cultivations.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENS^Olsr SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, JUNE 6, 1952
Sheep Dogs to Perform at Field Day, June 15
URBANA--A demonstration of sheep dogs in action will high- light the Illinois Purebred Sheep Breeders' association annual family field day on Sunday, June 15, on the Everett Glasgow farm four miles west of Monticello in Piatt county. Starting time is 10:30 a.m. GST.
U. S. Garrigus, association secretary and head of sheep work at the Illinois College of Agriculture, adds that the program also includes a show of top-notch sheep from all breeds, a judging contest, a discussion of the current wool situation by Dale Rouse, manager of the Illinois Wool Marketing Association, and a sheep shearing and wool preparation demonstration.
Each family is to bring its own picnic lunch. Cold soft drinks will be sold at the farm.
Arthur Allen, McLeansboro, nationally known handler and breeder of sheep dogs, will direct his dogs in herding sheep, separat- ing out certain animals and doing helpful work. A good sheep dog will take the place of a man in much sheep work and thus save on labor costs.
A sound-color movie, "Western Sheep," and a guided tour of nearby state 4-H Memorial camp and Allerton park complete the program.
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Rid Swine Herd of Brucellosis at Weaning Time
URBANA--A University of Illinois veterinarian says you don't have to sacrifice valuable blood lines to rid your swine herd of brucellosis .
Dr. G. T. Woods of the College of Veterinary Medicine says the plan is this simple: Have your veterinarian test each pig at weaning time. Then move the negative pigs to clean ground and market the infected herd as soon as possible.
The number of times the young pigs should be tested after weaning depends largely upon how well they are kept away from in- fected hogs. If you do a good job of keeping them separated, one more testing before breeding time may be enough.
Dr. Woods says young pigs usually get brucellosis through contact with the infected sow. Many pigs shake off the disease by the time they are weaned only to become infected again when they con- tact older, infected hogs. LEAipp -30-
6-2-52
Get Spring Lambs to Market Early
URBANA--Sell your early spring lambs by July 1 if they are ready for market. Don't risk weight and death losses by keeping them after that date.
Harry G. Russell, extension livestockman at the Illinois College of Agriculture, says spring lambs often lose weight in summer because of hot weather, parasite attacks and heavy fleece. Holding them during those hot months may also result in death losses.
Normally, June brings top market prices for early spring lambs. After that, the lamb market follows a normal seasonal decline.
Russell says, that by using improved pastures and creep feeding--if needed--you can bring lambs born in January, February and early March to market weight and finish by July 1.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, JUNE 7, 1952
Electric Fence, "Pasture Budget" Help Improve Pasture Land
URBANA--Dale Snider, Richland county livestock raiser, de- velops his legume -grass pastures In a unique way--wlth an electric fence and a "pasture budget."
Farm Adviser Ed Barnes says each winter Snider checks his pocketbook to see how many acres he can afford to renovate during the coming year. Total renovation costs run about $45 an acre.
Then he runs an electric fence into an old permanent pasture, cuts out 5i 10 or 15 acres, tests the soil, applies the necessary plant foods and seeds a recoimnended mixture. At the same time, he jgoes right on grazing the permanent pasture on the other side of the fence .
When the new seeding is ready to pasture, he opens a corner
of the electric fence and lets the cattle in. But he also controls
jgrazing on the new seeding by moving the electric fence as needed.
Barnes says in this way Snider has renovated all of his pasture land. Yet he's never out of pasture because he improves only one piece at a time. That way is easier on the pocketbook too.
Snider has also taken hay off his Improved pastures every year besides grazing them fully. His neighbors agree that he produces more cattle and hay on a given acreage of improved pastures than other men in his community.
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Safety Rules for Haying
URBANA--Here are a few simple safety measures to help you avoid accidents during haying season. They come from the Illinois College of Agriculture and Illinois Rural Safety Council.
1. Take time to check all equipment carefully before haying starts. Make sure that loft floors have no holes and that hay chutes are guarded. Check hitches, ropes, pulleys, hay racks and ladders too.
2. Make starts and stops carefully while loading, especially on rough ground. Never get off a tractor or mower while it's running. And make sure all safety guards are In place on moving parts.
3. To prevent barn fires, be sure hay is well cured before
storing it. You might also check freshly stored hay regularly for
several weeks for signs of heating.
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Crack Hay, Don't Crush It
URBANA--If you are using a hay crusher, it's important not to use too much pressure in rxinning the stems between the rollers.
That's the suggestion from J. H. Ramser, agricultural engi- neer in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
You need only enough pressure to crack the stems, not to crush them. Cracking will cause the stems to dry out almost as fast as the leaves . In this way you can cut drying time for alfalfa in half, compared with normal drying, and also save lots more of the leaves, which are rich in protein and carotene. By cutting down one day on drying time in the field, you'll be gambling less on having your hay spoiled by rain.
Much of the original research on hay crushing was done at the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. Present hay crushers have been developed from findings of the Illinois tests.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JUNE 9, 1952
First Aid Helps to Save Cows With Bloat
URBANA--A University of Illinois veterinarian says knowing what to do for bloat in cows until the veterinarian arrives may mean the difference between life and death for your cow.
Dr. G. T. Woods of the College of Veterinary Medicine says a simple first-aid measure that often works is to tie a short stick crosswise in the cow's mouth and secure it with a cord over her head, The cow's chewing on the stick causes a flow of gastric juices which may slow down the formation of gas.
Another help is to lubricate a short length of one-inch hose and slip it down the cow's throat. Or you can get a special bloat drench from your veterinarian to keep for bloat emergencies.
Dr. Woods says pastures consisting primarily of legumes cause the most bloat in cows. The stomach may become bloated to the point that severe pressure is placed on the lungs and large blood vessels, causing sudden death.
See your farm adviser for ideas on pasture mixes. Try for a pasture containing a 50-50 mixture of grass and legumes.
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Lef-^ume- Grass Pasture Earns $122 An Acre From 433 Pounds Meat
URBANA--Gross income of $122 an acre from 435 pounds of meat— that was the return last year from a 60-acre legume-grass pasture at the University of Illinois Dixon Springs Experiment Station.
H. A. Gate, extension specialist, says total meat gain from the 60 acres was 26,100 pounds. That's 435 pounds an acre. With beef or lamb at $28 a hundredweight, that's a gross income of $122 an acre.
Gate says that in 194? six 10-acre fields were each seeded to this basic legume mixture: 1 pound of Ladino per acre, 4 pounds of timothy, 3 pounds of redtop, 4 pounds of alfalfa and 5 pounds of les- pedeza. A different grass was added to this mixture in each field except one. All fields were treated with limestone, superphosphate and rock phosphate before seeding.
Fescue and orchard grass in the legume mixture not only produced the best meat gains, but also furnished extra seed. Here are the results for the 1951 grazing season: Field 1 (no grass added) was pastured 206 days and yielded
374 pounds of meat gain per acre. Field 2 (alto fescue added) was I pastured 225 days and produced 410 pounds of meat per acre, plus 238
pounds of fescue seed. Field 3 (bromegrass added), with 206 pasture
days, yielded 366 pounds of meat an acre.
Field 4 (orchard grass added) was pastured 225 days and gave 4l4 pounds of meat per acre, plus 76 pounds of orchard grass seed. Field 5 (Kentucky bluegrass added), with 206 pasture days, yielded
375 pounds of meat per acre. Field 6 (reed canary grass added) was lowest with 206 pasture days and 362 pounds of animal gains per acre.
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\:RSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JUNE 10, 1952
Here's Why Farmers Get 36;z^ A Lb. for Beef, Yet Steak Cost $1
URBANA--A University of Illinois livestock marketing special- ist today explained why farmers now are getting up to 36 cents a pound liveweight for beef animals and yet steaks are selling at over $1 a pound .
V. J. Wills says, to begin with, the animals are not all neat. For example, a 1,000-pound choice steer produces only about 500 pounds of meat. Then additional shrink and cutting losses leave Dnly 5^0 pounds of retail beef.
Of this 5^0 pounds, about 30O pounds, or over half, are represented by chuck roast, hamburger, stew meat and fat. All together bhese cuts sell on the average for about half as much per pound as 3 teak.
Wills says when you also consider the costs of slaughter, processing, transportation, retailing and other marketing functions, rou can understand the spread between farm and store counter prices.
Most of the actual mark-up per pound comes at the retail
Level, with the bulk of it in the form of labor and store overhead josts. Meat-packing plants usually make their operating expenses and profit out of the inedible parts of the carcass.
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^,000 Bushels Nev Broomcorn Seed Available Next Year
URBANA--More than 5,000 bushels of a new broomcorn variety are expected to be available for farmers to plant next year.
The new variety, named Okaw, was developed by plant breeders in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture with some funds from the National Broom Manufacturers Association.
Okaw has the double advantage of "tan" brush and resistance to stalk rot disease. So far as is known, it is the only standard broomcorn variety already certified and distributed for seed increase that has both of these desirable qualities.
There is another "tan" variety, but it is a dwarf type. "Tan" in broom trade actually means green.
Seven bushels of foundation seed have been distributed to seven selected growers. With normal yields, seed supplies should reach more than 5^000 bushels next year, or enough to plant 100,000 acres.
Okaw brush stays green while curing, and broom makers prefer green brush because it can be dyed more easily during manufacture.
Resistance to stalk rot makes Okaw easier to harvest by hand and also makes for better quality brush. Because of the behavior of stalk rot, the only control method was to develop a resistant variety.
In doing this, the Illinois scientists say their work has
given rise to hopes that (1) a strain can be developed which will have a juicy stalk so that it can be fed to livestock as forage or silage I after the heads have been removed, and (2) the seed normally thrown away after being threshed from the heads can be used for feed or seed.
Accomplishing these goals would make broomcorn a triple-use crop--for brooms, feed and seed.
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JUNE 11, 1952
Grassland Farming Saves Hog Feeding Costs
URBANA- -Grassland farming la profitable farming, as shown by the experience of Bob Stiff, Richland county dairyman and hog raiser.
Farm Adviser Ed Barnes says Bob had 65 head of hogs on a lO-acre legume-grass pasture in late March. They were about ready for market at just over five months of age and had eaten one-third less protein supplement than in his drylot method.
Another Richland county swine grower. Earl Slichenmyer, farrows and raises an average of 10 pigs per litter. The state-wide average is about six and one-half. Slichenmyer says his excellent average is largely due to sanitation from clean pastures and to high protein feed furnished by good legume-grass pasture.
Your local farm adviser can help you on pasture problems.
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II URBANA--A University of Illinois study on what makes hog
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Other important factors leading to good hog earnings are:
(l) timing production and feeding to make it possible to market spring j
pigs early in the fall, (2) adjusting annual production to the probable
corn-hog ratio and (3) selling hogs at a medium weight.
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1952 May Be Big Year in Spraying Weeds in Corn with 2^4-0
URBANA--A weed specialist said today that, if wet weather continues, this may be the year for a big jump in spraying of 2,4-D to control weeds in corn fields.
Fred 31ife in the University of Illinois College of Agricul- ture adds that this post-emergence spraying- -after both corn and weeds have sprouted--ha3 been increasing greatly in the past few years. Al- most 1,000,000 acres are expected to be sprayed this year in Illinois.
The specialist says it's fairly cheap to spray with 2,4-D, and spraying may eliminate one or more cultivations. You can usually control weeds susceptible to 2,4-D, regardless of weather, if they're thoroughly covered with the chemical.
But Slife emphasizes the fact that 2,4-D spraying is recom- mended only when normal cultivation is impossible.
Post -emergence sprays do not control grasses, some types of weeds and weeds that germinate at a later date. Another disadvantage is that 2,4-D may injure the corn if spraying is done carelessly.
If you spray, Slife recommends l/k pound of the ester form of 2,4-D per acre, or 1/2 pound of the amine form. These are the heaviest doses that may be applied.
It makes little difference what stage of growth the corn is in when it's sprayed. However, corn should not be sprayed just before, during or after silking or at pollination time. The important thing is to apply no more than the recommended amount of 2,4-D.
Slife strongly recommends calibrating your sprayer to know how much solution it is delivering per acre. This adjustment should be made in the field where spraying is to be done, since rate of delivery is much different on hard pavement from that on soft ground.
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NERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOM SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JUNE 12, 1952
First State-Trained Veterinarians to Be Graduated Sunday
URBANA- -Illinois ' first state-trained veterinarians will be graduated during Commencement Exercises at the University of Illincis on Sunday , June 15 •
Twenty-four students will be awarded the doctor of veteri- nary medicine degree four years after they were admitted as the first class of the College of Veterinary Medicine in 19^8. Most of the new veterinarians will go into general practice in Illinois.
The College of Veterinary Medicine is the newest college at the University. It was established by the board of trustees in 19^^. All students at the college are residents of Illinois, and all of the graduating seniors are veterans of World War II.
Two years of preveterinary training are required for admis- sion to the four-year veterinary curriculum. The six years of train- ing qualify Illinois veterinary graduates to provide agriculture with valuable service in combating costly livestock diseases and in protect' ing the public against animal diseases that may spread to man.
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Junior Broiler Contest Extremely Close *^ URBANA--"One of the closest contests I've ever seen" is the way Sam Ridlen, University of Illinois poultryman, described the 1952 Junior Chicken-of -Tomorrow contest which he recently helped to judge.
"It was really a hot contest," declared Ridlen. "I've never judged one that was so close. In most cases there was just a hair's difference between placings . Quality of the broilers was extremely good."
State-wide winner of a handsome 30-inch trophy was Robert Wimsett, Scotland, Edgar county, followed by Charlotte Stouffer, Wad- dams Grove, Stephenson county, and Sally Burbin, Princeville, Peoria county. Four of the 10 state winners were girls.
Ridlen adds that the other judge, Verne Almquist, poultry specialist for Armour packing company, Chicago, was amazed at the quality of the birds. Since Almquist travels all over the county in his work, his reaction indicates how keen the competition really was.
"In fact," states Ridlen, "we discarded entries this year that normally would have won the contest in the two preceding years."
Ridlen complimented the young men and women on their supe- rior fattening of broilers in the contest. Average weight per bird for state-wide finalists was an excellent k 1/2 pounds. The birds were grown to this weight during an 11-week period.
Ridlen believes the Illinois broiler industry has made fine
progress as a result of the one senior and three Junior Chicken-of- Tomorrow contests held since 1950. There were 132 entrants who finished the contest this year.
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/RSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, JUNE 13, 1952
You Can Starve A Pasture Too
URBANA--YOU wouldn't starve an animal by giving it only half enough feed, would you? Yet you can starve a pasture so that it dies out fast.
H. A. Gate, at the Dixon Springs Experiment Station, says overgrazing is almost a sure way to condemn your lush legume-grass pastures to slow death by starvation.
Heavily grazed experimental fields that once had excellent legume stands are now completely bare or weedy. Overgrazing took away so much of the leaf surface of the plants that they couldn't make enough food to keep on growing well. They were starved by overgrazing. The plants' slow recovery seriously cut pasture forage yield during the rest of the season. Or overgrazing may even have wiped out the pasture.
f. But similar pastures grazed moderately for the same length of time still have good stands. Results show that two cows and their calves to every three acres is about right. This is about the same as 10 mature ewes to every three acres or one yearling steer to each acre.
Grazing too early in the spring is as bad as overgrazing.
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Farmers Should Get More for Eggs Now--Good Quality Ones
URBANA- -After five months of lov egg prices, farmers who sell eggs can look forward to a general upswing in price from now through fall. But those who produce clean, high quality eggs and sell them on a graded basis will gain most from rising egg prices.
E. E. Broadbent, egg marketing specialist at the Illinois College of Agriculture, says the price for good quality eggs is already going up, and the difference between prices paid for low and high quality eggs will increase as the hot summer months arrive.
Prices for poor quality eggs will stay low for some time, according to Broadbent, but will increase moderately later in the season.
He adds that the farmer who produces high quality eggs but sell them on a farm-run or current-receipt basis gets the same price IS the person who lets his hens run out and sells dirty^low quality 2ggs. This gives the poor producer a premium for "junk" and penalizes the good producer.
The only fair way to buy and sell eggs is to pay just what they are worth. That means selling them on a graded basis.
Broadbent advises using extra precautions in gathering eggs promptly and keeping them cool during warm summer days .
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Do you overlook the importance of salt for dairy covrs on summer pasture? For best production they need it more than just once 1 week. Give them 1 1/2 percent salt in their grain mixture, plus plock or loose salt at some convenient spot.
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VRSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOhT SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, JUNE l4, 19^2
Restricting Pullet' 3 Feed I3 a Costly "Saving"
URBANA- -Starving pullets Into slow growth and delayed matu- rity is a heavy price to pay for any feed "saved."
S. F. Ridlen, Illinois College of Agriculture poultry specialist,, says that it's natural to want to save on cash outlay by restricting feed somewhat in raising replacement pullets. But he warns that stopping a balanced ration when pullets are several weeks old may cut down profits considerably.
When feed intake is reduced enough to slow down growth and delay sexual maturity, body size is definitely reduced, and egg size does not increase at a normal rate. Total annual egg production suffers too.
If you turn replacement pullets loose to scratch for them- selves when they're a few weeks old, don't expect them to become top- notch producers.
^ Ridlen does advise cutting down on feed expense by including full use of a good range in the feeding plan, however. The pullets will eat enough of the range crop to reduce their intake of mixed ration by 10 to 15 percent.
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Illinois Farm Nevs - 2 FOR REllEASE SATURDAY, JUNE 14, 1952
Keep Dirt Out of Your Tractor- -Take Good Care of Oil Cleaner
URBANA--Dirt is by far the worst enemy of your tractor. But you may be feeding your tractor more dirt every day than you realize and not know all the damage it's causing.
That's the urgent warning today from Wendell Bowers, farm machinery specialist in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
Bowers says the oil-bath air cleaner is on© of your tractor's most important parts. You need to keep it clean in order to prevent dirt from getting directly into the engine. Tests have shown that running a tractor for only 10 hours in dusty conditions without an air cleaner can cause total engine failure.
Here's something else: Every gallon of gasoline that goes
through the carburetor needs about 9,000 gallons of clean air. Bowers
estimates that, even if the air cleaner is 99 percent efficient, 3/^
pound of dirt will get into the engine during one year's operation.
' If you neglect the air cleaner, dirt may cause sticky or
warped valves, grooved intake valves, rapid cylinder wear, loss of
power, carbon deposits and excessive fuel consumption.
i Keep dirt out of the engine and reduce engine wear by using
the correct weight of oil in the air cleaner. And change oil every
day under normal operating conditions and twice a day in extremely
dusty conditions. Keep the precleaner, stack and screen clean by washing with fuel oil or kerosene when necessary. And be sure the oil level in the cleaner is correct at all times.
"*' For more details on care of tractor air cleaners, write to the College of Agriculture, Urbana, for the free booklet, "Don't Feed Dirt to Your Tractor."
-30- LJN:pp 6-11-52
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/RSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JUNE 16, 1952
Nov l3 Good Time to Buy Potash
URBANA--NOW is a good time to order muriate of potash, says a University of Illinois soils man.
C. M. Linsley has two good reasons for recommending potash as a good buy: First, you should get good returns in larger crops from potash on land that needs this plant food; and, second, it's one of the few things that you can still buy at prewar prices. And you can often buy muriate of potash at a lower price during the summer than at other times. wt Linsley says if you've had trouble getting all the potash
you wanted, it's wise to order now and take delivery whenever it is available. Most muriate of potash is now conditioned so that it will keep in good condition in storage. But you need dry storage space for potash. I, As for extra crop yields, potash is often the most important plant food to add. Soils man F. C. Bauer says on Cisne silt loam at the Ewing soils field, corn has yielded 38 bushels an acre for the past four years when crop residues, lime and rock phosphate were added to the soil. When potash was applied in addition, yield jumped to 78
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bushels an acre --more than double. To make best use of all of them, potash was needed to balance the supply of plant foods.
The story was the same at the Newton field on Cisne silt loam. Corn yields jumped from 56 bushels an acre for residues, lime and rock phosphate to 72 bushels when potash was added to these three.
At Brownstown field, lime alone has produced total crops worth $19.50 an acre during the past four years. When potash was added, the lime was credited with $31.^5 in extra crop yields. With complete lime -phosphate- potash treatment, lime was worth $38.61 in extra crops.
Bauer emphasizes that you need balance in plant foods for
|best yields. Put on enough of all three and you can go to town.
-30- ILJN:pp 16-11-52
I Summer and Fall Garden Plantings Keep Harvest Going
URBANA-^Many gardeners miss out on a steady supply of 'vegetables throughout the growing season because they fail to make successive plantings.
Lee Somers, vegetable crops specialist in the Illinois Col- |lege of Agriculture, says that some Illinois gardeners are now plant- ing late summer and fall crops tc make full use of their gardens.
V/hat about those rows of radish, lettuce, spinach and peas that are getting dry and woody about now? Why not replant this space to endive, Italian broccoli or beets? Other plantings recom- mended from late June through the first week in July in northern Illi- nois are snap beans, Chinese cabbage, carrots and cabbage or late cauliflower plants.
^ These same crops may be planted about July 10-20 in central Illinois and from about July 2^ to August 3 in the southern part of the state. Other later plantings include kohlrabi, late turnips, winter radishes and lettuce.
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ViRSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JUNE 1?, 1952
Past Grovlng Population Poses Real Challenge to Farmers
URBANA — A University of Illinois economist today outlined B man-sized job ahead for farmers of Illinois and the nation. He says the problem of the next quarter century will likely be to produce enough food to go around rather than to find a way to dispose of sur- pluses.
w H. C. M. Case, agricultural economics department head in the College of Agriculture, reports that our U.S. population is expected to soar above 180 million by 1975. That means a fifth plate at the table where there are four today.
|i Case says that at present rates of production we will need at least 80 million more acres of cropland to produce the food to sat- isfy all appetites in 1975. But nearly all of the productive land is already under cultivation. So research workers and farmers must find ways to make about five of our present acres produce as much as six.
Case says that, while our population has doubled since 1900, total food production in the U.S. has increased 60 percent since 1920. This increase was accomplished by adding more food acres and increasing food crop production per acre and production per animal.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JUNE 1?, 1952 Case - add 1
Much of this gain came in ways tha,t cannot be repeated- -the displacement of horses and mules by tractors and a reduction in cotton acreage. These changes made 15 percent more land available for grow- ing food and feed crops for other uses. Case added that without this change our production since 1920 would not have kept pace with popula-
tion growth. Gains in food production, however, kept right on after Dobbin had practically become a farm rarity. Since 19^0, farm output in Illi- nois and the U.S. has averaged more than a third higher than in 1935- 39, mainly as the result of rapid progress in improving farming methods.
Meeting our production needs of the next 25 years, according to Case, will call for further progress in maintaining or improving soil fertility; improving crop varieties, including high-quality grasses and legumes; growing crops on adapted lands; getting better control of crop and animal diseases and pests; and improving feeding and other practices--all of which contribute to increased production
per acre.
-30- OFG:pp 6-13-52
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Don't feed dirt to your tractor! Tractor specialists in the
University of Illinois College of Agriculture say it may cost you some $15 a year to change the oil in your tractor air cleaner after every 10 hours of operation. But by doing so you may save a $100 repair
bill.
-30- |LJN:pp 6-13-52
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^ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JUNE l8, 1952
Nev Lavs Planned to Guard Livestock Against Anthrax
URBANA- -Illinois livestock may soon receive additional pro- tection against anthrax.
A report from the University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine says new regulations curbing the Importation of raw bone meal are now being planned by the United States Department of Agricul- ture.
Under the proposed regulations raw bone meal could still be imported into the United States, but the meal would go directly to processing plants, where it would be treated to destroy any disease or- ganisms it might contain. And only steamed or special steamed bone- iineal or dlcalclum phosphate would be used In mixed feeds.
Need for more stringent bone meal importation laws became apparent this spring after anthrax had struck many herds of hogs and cattle on farms in Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Indiana and Ohio. Sci- entists at University of Illinois and other laboratories found anthrax spores in raw imported bone meal that was being fed to the animals.
Staff members of the University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, practicing veterinarians and state livestock sanitary officials strongly favor the proposed new laws.
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h[llinoi3 Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JUNE l8, 1952
[Three Tips on Pasturing Dairy Cattle
URBANA--Here are three tips on pasturing dairy cattle to help you earn the greatest returns:
Edwin Penrod in Hancock county pastured brome and Ladino clover and had very little trouble with bloat. But last summer he mowed the pasture for hay about July 1. After that the Ladino outgrew the brome to such extent that he had almost straight Ladino pasture. Then his trouble with bloat began.
Leo Fryman, University of Illinois dairyman, says it's generally best to keep at least 50 percent grass in a pasture mixture.
In Moultrie county, DHIA tester Blaine Erhardt says John Hortenstine changed 10 acres of practically worthless pasture into very productive pasture at a net cost of about $500. He used a bull- iozer to clean out the brush and do some leveling. Then he plowed, put on the necessary lime and rock phosphate and reseeded the pasture.
And in Clinton county, tester Vincent Kohrs reports that two iairymen helped to solve their feeding problems by pasturing Balboa eye and wheat. They turned their cows onto pasture early--about
J JN : pp
The new automatic fly sprayer, where cattle spray themselves, should earn a profit of about $5 more per cow this summer or put on from LO to 25 more pounds of beef per animal. These gains should come from ceeping the cattle free from flies. You can build this sprayer your- self. See your farm adviser to learn how you can "Spray Every Day the Easy Way."
-30- j JN : pp p-13-52
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^•RSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIOM SERVICE
P'OR RELEASE THURSDAY, JUNE 19, 1952
Many Practical Tips at Open Houae, June 26 and 27
URBANA- -Automatic feed grinding, silage preservatives and a new low-cost calf starter are only three of the many practical things you can learn about and see at the annual Open House of the College of Agriculture in Urbana. Dates this year are June 26 and 2?.
Farmers, their families, GI on-the-farm trainees, high school students and others who are interested in learning more about practical farming recommendations are invited. You can look behind the scenes of agricultural research and learn how the tests are made which end - up as practical recommendations for better farming methods.
Tours of the campus will start from the Morrow Plots at Mum- ford Hall every 15 minutes between 9:30 and 10:30 a.m. DST. They'll end by 3:30 p.m.
Fertilizer and rotation tests, legume-grass mixtures, small
grain variety trials and soil conservation work are among the other
experiments you can see. Also on the schedule are visits to see new
farm machinery, a crop spraying and dusting demonstration, the new
bull and calf barns and the swine farm, where you will hear about anti- biotics in swine feeding.
LJN:pp 6-16-52
The same tour will be repeated each day.
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Illinois Farm Nevs - 2 FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JUNE 19, 1952
4-H Club Members to National Camp in Vashington
URBANA--The highest honor a 4--H Club member can achieve-- attending National 4-H Club Camp- -went to four Illinois youths who are in Washington, D.C., this week to take part in the 22nd National Camp, running from June l8 to 25.
Charlotte Ross, 20, Rochester, Sangamon county; Juanita Johnson, 19, Preemption, Mercer county; Jack Ottosen, 20, Stockton, Jo Daviess county; and Gordon Ropp, 20, Normal, McLean county, were selected to represent the 57,000 Illinois 4-H Club members at the Na- tional Camp this year.
These four rural young people were chosen for the honor because they have shown high qualities of leadership, have achieved outstanding results in their 4-H work and have taken an active part in project and community activities.
Adult leaders accompanying the club members on the trip are Miss Anna Searl, state leader of home economics 4-H Clubs, and 0. F. Gaebe, state agricultural 4-H Club staff member.
The main objective of this year's delegates is to learn how our national government functions and gain knowledge of the nation's past in a busy schedule of meetings and historic tours.
-30- GFG:pp
For Poultry Profit, Either "Get In" or "Get Out"
Best chicken profits come from large or small flocks rather than from medium-sized flocks, according to a University of Illinois study of 100 north-central Illinois farms with complete poultry records for 1936-45.
This bears out the recommendation of poultry specialists that you should either "get in" or "get out" of the poultry business. Either keep only a small flock for home use or keep enough birds to demand careful attention of someone in the family.
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ViRSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
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FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, JUNE 20, 1952
Dairy Herds With Brucellosis May Soon Lose Grade A Markets
URBANA-- Illinois dairymen were reminded today that they have only two and one-half more years under the new state lav to rid their lairy herds of brucellosis or lose their Grade A milk markets. If Dr. H. S. Bryan, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says that after January 1, 1955* all Grade A milk in Illinois must come from herds that are free from brucellosis or are 9nrolled in an "officially recognized eradication plan."
The only such acceptable plan requires that you have your tierd blood- tested and market the reactors for slaughter. Many dairy- aen can't afford to slaughter their reactors, especially if valuable bloodlines are involved. But if you start now you can raise your Dvn clean replacements and dispose of reactors gradually.
Dr. Bryan says that if you have a brucellosis-free dairy herd fou should take every possible precaution to keep it that way. If T'ou have an infected herd, see your county or local veterinarian about starting an eradication program. The sooner you start a program, the better chance you will have to be rid of brucellosis by 1955.
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Illinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, JUNE 20, 1952
)verprQductiQn Was Reason for Low Egg Prices This Winter
URBANA--One big reason Illinois egg prices dropped so lov this winter was overproduction at the time when prices are normally at their seasonal low point.
That's the explanation of E. E. Broadbent, egg marketing
^pecialist in the University of Illinois College of Agriculture. Broadbent says that more than two -thirds of all Illinois poultrymen have been starting their baby chicks so late in the spring hat they have not started laying well until about December, when egg prices hit the seasonal bottom.
Prices are at least 50 percent higher from September through November than during winter and early spring months.
The specialist adds that even though egg prices dropped Ik
jents a dozen in Illinois from November 15 to January 15 last winter, the drop was larger in all nearby states. For the whole country, there »ras an average drop of 16 1/2 cents a dozen for that period.
Broadbent quotes these figures to show that the new Illinois gg grading law was not to blame for low egg prices.
The real reasons for the slump were overproduction and large Btorage stocks at a time when prices normally drop. Hens laid about JLO percent more eggs early this year than a year ago, and storage stocks of frozen and shell eggs were much larger than normal. The JDnly possible result was a drop in price.
-30- JN:pp
Now is the time to: Plan a short fishing trip in July. 31ean out wheat storage bins so that your grain will meet standards for use as human food. Plan to go to church next Sunday.
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ViRSITY OF ILLINOrS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, JUNE 21, 1952
Don't Neglect the Dairy Heifer
URBANA--It'3 easy to miss out on future profits by neglect- ing the dairy heifer, cautions K. E. Harshbarger of the Illinois Col- lege of Agriculture dairy department.
Well-cared-for stock will be larger at maturity, be better producers and have higher sales value .
Here are four of Harshbarger ' s pointers for care and feeding of the heifer:
1. An adequate daily ration usually means concentrates along with roughage . Heifers aged 6 to 12 months need two to five pounds of concentrate daily, depending on the quality of roughage fed. From 12 to 20 months they need little or no concentrate if roughage ;L3 adequate, and two to four pounds of concentrates per day if the roughage is of poor quality.
2. As to mixture, a combination of protein concentrate and farm grains containing 12 to 14 percent protein, along with legume roughage, is generally satisfactory.
3. Breeding age should be adapted to the breed, size and development of the heifer. In general, 15 to 17 months of age is
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Dairy Heifer - add 1
recommended for the small breeds so that they will be 24 to 26 months old at first calving. For the large breeds, a breeding age of 17 to 19 months is generally recommended.
9 4. Protect your heifers from hot sun, wind and inclement weather. An inexpensive shelter providing roof, windbreak and bedding will do the job.
Harshbarger estimates that at present prices the cost of feed required to raise a good dairy heifer would run from $120 to $160.
-30-
OFG:mi 6/18/52
Don't Use DDT on Edible Garden Crops
URBANA--An insect specialist today cautioned home gardeners
not to use DDT on crops after edible fruit or leaves have formed.
J. M. Wright, in the Illinois Natural History Survey, says
! DDT is a highly effective spray to control insects, but it leaves a
I harmful residue. It's best to avoid using it after edible fruit or
I leaves h^ve formed. Rotenone, another general-purpose insecticide,
can be used with little danger of leaving poisonous residues. ic
Wright adds that parathion, also very effective against many garden insects, is not recommended for home garden use because of the dangers to persons handling or applying it.
For more detailed information on what insecticides to use ; for the common garden insects, write to the Illinois College of Agri- i culture, Urbana, or contact your county farm adviser for a copy of Circular 672, "'Dusts and Sprays for Vegetable Insects."
-30-
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RSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JUNE 23, 1952
Today's Farmer Needs Good Business Sense
URBANA--TO operate his farm on a sound financial basis, the farmer of today has to be a shrewd businessman.
P. J. Reiss, agricultural economist at the University of Illinois, reports that the cash expenses of the average Illinois account -keeping farm in 1951 equaled 74 percent of the farm's cash Income. The farmer spent three dollars for every four he took in.
Prom 19^8 to 1951, the percentage increase in cash expenses was about double the corresponding increase in cash income.
Reiss says these figures emphasize the fact that modern farm- ng calls for close figuring. The time a farmer spends at his desk nalyzing records and weighing pros and cons of new expenses may be just as profitable as time spent in actual labor.
Although studying how other farmers have made profits on certain investments is important, Reiss believes that a farmer's own records are his best guides on whether money spent for such items as new equipment, buildings or breeding stock will be a good invest- lent.
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ILLINOIS FARM NEWS - 2 FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JUNE 23, 1952
Well-Managed Beef Cow Herds Will Be Profitable
If you have a good commercial beef cow herd, don't plan to sell it just because cattle numbers are increasing and the price is expected to drop.
Harry G. Russell, extension livestock specialist at the Illinois College of Agriculture, says that good, well-managed cow herds have been profitable for several years now.
This is particularly true, Russell says, for the farmer who has plenty of good pasture and good roughage.
Russell emphasizes the importance of good cows. "It costs no more," he says, "to keep a good cow than it does to keep a poor one."
He lists six points in beef herd management that are impor- tant in keeping your costs down and your income from the herd up:
1. Use good roughage as much as you can in keeping the cows through the winter.
2. Use a good, growthy bull, and try to get your calves dropped as close together as you can,
3. Breed for early calves, not later than April.
4. Cull the cows that do not breed regularly or that fail to calve. Keep a record.
5. Keep labor and overhead costs, including shelter, as low 3 you can.
6. Wean the calves in October or November.
-30-
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, JUNE 24, 1952
Farmers Increase Forest Plantings This Year
URBANA- -Growing Interest in the value of trees as a profit- able farm crop on poor land is reflected in an increase in the number of forest trees planted this spring.
L. B. Culver, forester in the Illinois Colloge of Agricul ture, reports that 5,600,000 trees have been planted on Illinois farms this year. That's 60 percent more than were planted last year, ac- cording to reports from E.. D. Nunctila, state forester.
Culver says one big reason for this increase is that state nurseries were able to make more stocks available for planting this spring. The nuseries still cannot keep up with the demand for some species, but the supply is becoming more plentiful.
Another good reason for increased planting is the availabil- Ity of tree-planting machines. Three men with a tractor and a plant- ing machine can plant 800 trees an hour. The same three men working
by hand could plant only 100 to 150 trees an hour.
Tree stocks have been costing from $5 to $25 per thousand for the fast-growing evergreen varieties recommended for land of low fertility. Returns to the farmer who plants trees come in the form of soil conservation, wildlife protection, recreation facilities
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Forest Trees - add 1
and actual cash when profitable greens and other woods products are
harvested from formerly unproductive land.
The earliest date on which you can order stock from the state
nurseries for planting in the spring of 1953 is September 1. You'll be
able to get information on available varieites and costs, as well as
order blanks, about that time from your conty farm adviser.
-30-
RAJ:mi 6/20/52
Pigs May Get Too Much Sunlight
URBANA--Pigs, too, may get too much sun these hot, summer •I days.
Dr. G. T. Woods, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says light-skinned pigs need special care. They sun- burn more easily than those with darker skins.
Light-skinned pigs may become very sensitive to sunlight after they have eaten certain plants, such as St. Johnswort, clover, rape, alfalfa and buckwheat. When this happens, just a little sun- light may cause watery swellings in the skin. Unless precautions are taken, large patches of skin may die, leaving raw areas where infec- tion may start,
I If your pigs become sensitized to sunlight, change their pasture, and keep affected pigs out of the sunshine for a few days. Severe cases may need the care of a veterinarian. To help prevent
the disease, provide plenty of shade for pigs on pasture.
-30-
LEAimi 6/20/52
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biRSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JUNE 25, 1952
Fine Return on "Second Notice" Hay and Pasture Questionnaires
URBANA- -About 1,200 farmers returned their hay and pasture questionnaires In only one week after "second notice" reminders had been sent out, reports J. A. Ewlng, head of the federal- state crop re- I porting service.
"That's an excellent return, and we hope the others will do
Lthe same thing, says Ewlng. ; Questionnaires were mailed to about 24,000 farmers In mid-May. About 2,700 of them had replied before reminder notices were sent.
Ewlng explains that this Is the first hay and pasture survey ever made In Illinois. It is a joint effort of the Illinois College of Agriculture and the crop reporting service. The purpose is to learn how legume-grass mixtures are being used for hay, pasture, silage, seed I and green manure, and also to measure future progress in these uses. fL "We need every return we can get," declares Ewlng, "so that each county farm adviser can have accurate estimates for planning the best possible local legume-grass program.
"We're counting on each person to do his best to return the ques- tionnaire if he received one," says Ewlng.
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LJNimi J 6/20/S?
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pllinois Farm News - 2 FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, JUNE 25, 1952
Fater Garden Only When It Needs It, But Then Soak It
URBANA--Water your garden only when it really needs it this jsummer, and then give it a good soaking- -about 1/2 inch of water.
That's the advice in the Illinois Garden Guide, written by three vegetable crops men in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
They say a good rule is to water your garden only when the plants do not revive completely overnight. But then put on at least 1/2 inch of water.
They add that there's usually little damage from watering during the day. But if you water during the evening or at night,
there'll be less evaporation of water from garden soil.
-30- LJNrmi 6/20/52
All-Round Insecticide for Home Gardeners
URBANA--Here 's an ideal all-round insecticide recommended for home gardeners by vegetable crops men in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
They suggest a general-purpose dust containing one-half to three-fourths of one percent of rotenone and three to five percent of purified DDT.
All insecticides should be handled carefully, according to
manufacturer's safety precautions.
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LJN:mi 6/20/52
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I'RSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1952
What Makes the Price of Steak?
URBANA--A University of Illinois agricultural economist said today that consumers have more control over meat prices than anyone else.
L. H. Slmerl explained that prices of meats are almost sure to rise with every major Increase In consumer Income and spending power. Likewise, prices are reduced when consumer buying pov/er takes a tumble.
Slmerl says the major reason for this price action Is that consumers usually spend about the same percentage of their Income for meat each year, while the supply of meats does not change much from year to year.
The average family In this country spends about 5i percent of its income for meat. This was true both in 1951 and 25 years ago. There were exceptions during the World War II rationing and price ceil- ings. Thus, out of $100 in income after federal taxes, we spend about $5.50 for meat.
I Our supply of meats in the United States last year was I38 pounds per person, and it has always been between 125 and I63 pounds during the past 50 years.
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Slmerl also pointed out that prices must be set so that the total value of meats is just equal to the money consumers are able and willing to spend for them. Thus, all of us who want meat can get it and there will be none left over. In the same way, prices for each different kind and cut of meat must be at a level that will keep pur- chases in line with supply.
Since 1939, average consumer incomes have tripled. The meat supply has not increased correspondingly, so prices have been raised about the same amount as consumer income in order to keep purchases in line with market supplies.
Most of the increased amount of money spent for meat, accord- ing to Simerl, has been divided among farmers who produce the livestock and workers who process and distribute the meat.
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OPG : mi 6/23/52
Puerto Rican Young Farm Woman Visiting Illinois Farm Homes
URBANA--Ana Mercedes Collazo, Puerto Rican young farm woman on her first visit to the United States, is living for three weeks in the farm home of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Warfield near Gibson City.
Miss Collazo is returning the visit of Doris Baity, Flora, who spent 6 weeks in Puerto Rico early this spring. The two women were named as delegates in the Puerto Rican Farm Youth Exchange program.
After three weeks with the Warfields, Miss Collazo will visit other farm homes for two weeks, including a visit to Miss Baity. She'll spend her last week in Illinois at State 4-H Leadership conference at State 4-H Memorial Camp near Monticello, July 21-26.
Miss Collazo, a 4-H Club member for 3 years, lives on a 70- [acre farm which produces coffee, sugar cane, vegetables and pasture.
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|LJN:mi 6/23/52
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V-RSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELASE FRIDAY, JUNE 27, 1952
Wide Base and Narrow Top Is Right Shape for Hedge
URBANA--The only proper shape for a formal hedge is a wide base and narrow top.
H. R. Kemmerer, landscape gardening specialist in the Uni- versity of Illinois, says that most folks prune their hedges just the opposlte--so that they have a wide top and narrow base. Or they trim the sides straight down. Neither of these shapes is recommended. The best shape is a wide base and narrow top.
The reason for this shape is to let more sunlight reach the bottom leaves of the hedge. With too little sun, the lower leaves tend to die out, leaving bad looking bare spots and exposed stems.
If you have a hedge with the wrong shape, you can start cor- recting it this summer by letting the lower branches grow out for the rest of the season. Then next spring during pruning you can trim the hedge to the desired shape.
If you have a new hedge that was pruned heavily when planted, let it grow for the rest of this first year. Prune it heavily again the second spring, and follow with summer trimmings that leave 3 to 4 inches of new growth each time. Early summer is the best time to train a hedge into the right shape. Mature hedges will generally need three or four trimmings each season.
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L,TN:mi 6/23/52
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Illinois Farm Neva - 2 FOR RELEASE FRIDAY, JUNE 27, 1952
Vaccinating Calves Prevents Blackleg
URBANA — Vaccination is the best "insurance" you can "buy if you've had trouble with blackleg on your farm.
Dr. L. R. Bain of the University of Illinois College of Vet- erinary Medicine says once blackleg has caused trouble in your cattle, it's usually necessary to have your veterinarian vaccinate all calves before they are three months old. For further protection, have them revaccinated when they are a year old.
Blackleg, a deadly, fast-killing disease, usually strikes
cattle from six months to two years old. It can live for years in
pasture soil or in contaminated barns. On one Illinois farm it struck
the first herd of cattle that had been on the farm in fifteen years.
Dr. Bain says vaccination probably isn't necessary if there has never been blackleg on your farm or if there is little chance that the germ will be washed onto your property from your neighbor's farm.
-30-
LEArmi 6/23/52
Recipe for Good Farming
URBANA —Here ' 3 an 11-point recipe for good farming based on experience of many successful farmers. It comes from M. L. Mosher, retired University of Illinois farm management specialist.
Mosher says to mix thoroughly and cook over the slow fire of experience (l) a sound land-use and soil conservation program, (2) a good rotation of crops on all tillable soil, (3) suitable kinds and amounts of livestock, (4) high crop yields, (5; efficient livestock, and (6) carefully planned use of all available labor.
Mosher also recommends (?) careful purchase, use and care of machinery and equipment, (8) careful planning, construction and repair of buildings and fences, (9) attention to prices of products sold, (10) a large enough business for a good family living and (.11) sound use of credit to obtain necessary capital.
-30- LJN:mi 6/23/52
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kiRSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSIONT SERVICE
FOR RELEASE SATURDAY, JUNE 28, 1952
Profit-Sharing Agreement Gets Son Started In Farming
URBANA — My son wants to farm and I'd like to see him on this farm some day. But I'm not ready to retire. There aren't many farms for rent, and he doesn't have much money,
f That's a problem that is bothering a good many farm Dads these days. And it's a tough one. But here's one possible answer: a profit-sharing agreement. It will give the son a chance to get paid for his labor and to save toward becoming a part owner. It's an impor- tant step in climbing the agricultural ladder — 1952 model.
Here ' s how one central Illinois grain farmer gave his son a start. A true case using assumed names, it comes from Jack Claar, farm management supervisor in the Illinois College of Agriculture.
Claar says this partnership clicks for six good reasons: (1) the farm is large enough and is efficiently operated, (2) complete and accurate records are kept, (3) satisfactory living conditions are provided, (4) income is divided fairly, (5) plans are adjusted from time to time and (6) father and son cooperate in making major decisions.
Jim, the Dad, rents a good 400-acre farm on a crop-share basis. He brought his son. Bill, into the business under a
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profit-sharing agreement in 19^6. Besides producing grain, they raise about 20 litters of pigs a year, and recently they started feeding cattle.
Bill, now 26 years old, contributes only his labor and gets 25 percent of the tenant's income. This arrangement is fair in this case, but may need to be different for an owned farm, for a smaller farm, for a younger man or for a less efficiently operated farm.
The son draws $200 a month which is deducted from his 25
percent at the end of the year. He has averaged about $3,100 a year
since 19^6. Annual settlement is based on Farm Bureau Farm Management
Service records.
Jim's Dad has built and moved into a house off the farm, leav- ing the home place to the young folks. He's taking life easier and turn- ing more of the farm management over to Bill as he's able to accept it. Now Bill is about ready for the next rung of the agricultural ladder- - joint ownership of equipment and livestock.
LJN:mi -30-
6/25/52
Infected Skunks May Spread Rabies
URBANA--A skunk can be a nuisance in more ways than one.
Dr. P. D. Beamer, University of Illinois College of Veteri- nary Medicine, says a Champaign county farmer shot a skunk last week after it had invaded the barnyard and attacked the farmer's hogs and cats. Examination at the veterinary college showed that the skunk had rabies.
The veterinarian says skunks and foxes have been involved in many rural outbreaks of rabies. But he adds that the real keys to con- trol of rabies are licensing of dogs, control of strays and enforcement of quarantine regulations. If dogs were kept free of rabies, a good j share of the costly livestock losses caused by the disease could be avoided.
-30- LEA:mi '^1 6/25/52
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RSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOR RELEASE MONDAY, JUNE 30, 1952
Some Hens Eat Up All the Profit
URBANA- -Layers on a group of 76 "high-return'' poultry farms in Illinois shoved an average return above feed cost of $3.26 per hen in 1951. The return above feed oost on 97 "low-return" farms was only 47 cents per hen. That's a 7-to-l difference.
A. G. Mueller, University of Illinois farm management special- ist, reports these figures from a summary of 383 poultry farm records kept in the Illinois Farm B\ireau Farm Management Service.
The average return above feed cost was $2.12 per hen for the 383 farms.
Feed cost per dozen eggs or 1^ pounds of meat produced was 26 cents on the high-return farms, and 33 cents on the low farms.
The number of eggs laid per hen averaged 164 for flocks on the low farms and 199 on the high farms during the year.
In addition to laying more eggs, the higher producing hens
each laid 50 eggs during the high egg price months of October, November
and December. Hens in the low-return flocks laid 38 eggs apiece during
those months.
Flock size averaged 332 on the high-return farms and 193 on the low farms .
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These figures all help to emphasize several important manage- ment practices, according to Mueller: It pays to start with high- quality chicks, start them early enough to get high egg production flock ^^^^®^ ^^® ^^ ^^®^^ seasonal high, and keep a large well-tended
-30-
OFG:mi 6/25/52
Are Your Lightning Rods Just Ornaments?
V. ^,^V^^^^^"'^^® ^®s^ lightning rods in the world cannot protect your buildings if connections between the point and conductor wire are loose or if the system is not well grounded.
n -.1 J^: ^: Winter, farm fire protection specialist at the Illinois College of Agriculture, also advises locating the conductor wire at least 5 feet away from electric or telephone wires and protecting it from damage. Damage protection is especially needed near the ground where machinery or livestock may tear the wire loose.
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OFG : mi 6/25/52
Illinois Farm Electrification Council OrRanized
1. fv,^ o^ ^^^^--^ore practical use of electricity on Illinois farms is the aim of the newly formed Illinois Farm Electrification Council recently organized in a kick-off meeting in Urbana.
Representatives of electric power suppliers, farm insurance S^n^uho'u?^?%T"^ use advisers, equipment manSfacturerf and Research Bl?ion meeting! ^ ^"^ '^^ council's activities attended the orani-
ivas named ^.'Jl^ZTll^'il^^' ^""^^^"^ Service Company of Northern Illinois, n 1 i ^n f f TTi ^^^o ""^ ^^® '^^'' ^^^^P' ^^^^ A- E- Becker, Association of Illinois Electric Cooperatives as vice chairman. E. W. Lehmann asrl- jultural engineering department head, Illinois College of A^??iuure .rill serve as advisory chairman. «6^ -^ouxture.
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