LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
96£
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Q^&iUU LJ,
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
http://www.archive.org/details/farmradionews1966univ
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
30.1
I UNIVERSITY OF II II
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1966 Farm Program Modification Permits Soybeans On Feed Grain Acreage
URBANA — Illinois corn and soybean producers will be inter- ested in a recent modification of the 1966 feed grain program that al- lows participants to plant soybeans on permitted feed grain acreage and also receive price support payments they would have earned if they had. planted feed grains.
The USDA has announced that voluntary feed grain program participants who divert 20 percent of their feed grain base acreage to conserving uses may earn price support payments. These payments of 30 cents per bushel of corn are made on the projected production on 50 percent of the feed grain base acreage.
Under this modification, corn producers signing up for the program may plant all of their permitted feed grain acreage to soybeans and earn the total price support payment, according to University of Illinois farm management economist Duane E. Erickson. However, this provision does not change the required minimum diversion of 20 percent of the feed grain base to participate in the program.
There is no diversion payment for the first 20 percent of land diverted except on farms with feed grain bases of less than 25 acres. Diversion payments are made on diverted amounts above the mini- mum of 20 percent and up to the maximum of 50 percent of the base acre- age. Payment rates for diversion above the minimum 20 percent level for individual farms are included in information received from local
ASCS offices, Erickson says.
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The modification allows a feed grain producer to plant any percentage of his permitted feed grain acreage to soybeans without loss of feed grain support payments. But he is not permitted to plant soy- beans on diverted acres.
Erickson cites these examples as possible applications for a feed grain base of 100 acres:
— A farmer could divert 20 acres (minimum requirement) , plant 30 acres to soybeans, and plant 50 acres to feed grains.
— He could divert 30 acres, plant 35 acres to soybeans, and plant 35 acres to feed grains.
— He could divert 50 acres and plant 50 acres to soybeans.
— Or he could divert 20 acres and plant 80 acres to soybeans.
In any of the four examples shown, the producer would be eligible for the total price support payment, Erickson notes. In the second example, 10 acres would be eligible for the diversion payment. In the third example, 30 acres would be eligible for diversion payments
The same general rule applies in all examples, Erickson says. The diversion payments are made at feed grain or corn rates for amounts diverted above the minimum 20 percent diversion level. The maximum amount that can be diverted is 50 percent of the feed grain base.
Budget worksheets for determining the effect of participating or not participating in the feed grain program are available at the county farm adviser's office. Erickson advises farmers who have ques- tions about payment rates for diversion, projected yields, and conserv- ing bases to see their local ASCS representatives.
The final sign-up date for the 1966 feed grain program is
April 1.
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JAP:bh 1/4/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Grain Transportation Changes Are Topic Of Aq Industries Forum Session
URBANA — Changes in grain transportation — one of the most fundamental and far-reaching problems currently facing the grain trade — will be featured in a special grain marketing session of the 8th Agricultural Industries Forum, Chicago Circle Center, March 22-23.
The half-day program is scheduled for Tuesday afternoon, March 22, to avoid conflict with the 70th annual convention of the Grain and Feed Dealers Association which begins in Chicago, Wednesday, March 23, reports L. F. Stice, University of Illinois grain marketing economist and special session chairman.
Stice points out that the programs of the Forum and the Grain and Feed Dealers Convention have been planned to complement one another in both timing and content.
Both the grain trade and the producers are feeling the ef- fects of recent changes in grain transportation, but no one can be sure of future trends, Stice says. Recent changes have caused some mar- kets and marketing firms to increase their grain volume rapidly, while others are falling behind or are at a standstill.
This trend was first seen when the lower transportation charges for shipping by water and truck diverted grains away from the railroads. Stice points out that increasing exports, growth of the broiler industry in the southeastern states and rising rail rates on grains since 1945 have contributed to this greater use of water and trucks for moving grains.
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But more recently, in an attempt to "put grain back on rails/1 certain railroads have drastically reduced rates to certain outlets and on minimum volumes of grains. Stice says that in transportation parlance these new grain rates are based on "the cost of services" formula rather than on "the value of services." And large volumes — five, 10 or 25 cars — are hauled at lower charges than single cars.
This development, plus the fact that not all railroads have made these changes, has caused uneven pricing of grains at country elevators and has diverted grains away from some terminal markets. It has also idled grain storage and processing facilities in some loca- tions while creating an urgent need for more facilities in others.
Whether some of the recent changes in grain rates, pricing and flow will be permanent or temporary is still being debated in the grain trade, Stice says. Thus there is greater risk than usual in the investment of money in grain facilities needed to handle, store and process the growing production of corn and soybeans and the more rapid harvest marketing of corn caused by field shelling.
To help grain dealers and farmers appraise the effects of recent trends in grain transportation, the grain marketing program of the Forum is centered on this topic. Grain transportation specialists of a major grain processor and major terminal markets will discuss transportation changes and their effects on Illinois grain markets.
Discussants will be J. R. Lepine, assistant head, grain division, Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis; C. A. Poelker, Jr., secretary and traffic commissioner, Merchants Exchange of St. Louis;
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Ira Johnson, secretary, Peoria Board of Trade, Peoria; Carl J. Lessing, transportation vice president, Board of Trade of the City of Chicago, Chicago; and Harold Ellsworth, director of transportation, A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company, Decatur .
Transportation changes at the national level will also be discussed at the March 24 session of the Grain and Feed Dealers Con- vention, Stice says.
For additional information about the Forum, write to
R. P. Bentz, 305 Mumford Hall, Urbana.
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JAP:ml 2/28/65
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Intercollegiate Flower Judging Contest At U. Of I.
URBANA — The University of Illinois Department of Horticulture will host the 1966 Intercollegiate Flower Judging Contest on April 1 at the Illini Union.
Any college or university in which the courses in floricul- ture are credited toward a bachelor's degree may enter a team of three undergraduate students who have not previously participated in this competition.
The first Intercollegiate Flower Judging Contest was held at the Toronto Flower Show in Canada in 1940. Teams from six univer- sities entered this contest, in which the University of Illinois placad third. Since then, 24 contests have been held, and the U. of I. has entered teams in all but three.
Prior to 1955, the contest was staged during one of the country's outstanding flower shows. Since then it has been staged on the campus of a competing university on invitation.
From its inception, the contest has been sponsored jointly by the Society of American Florists and Pi Alpha Xi, honorary flori- culture fraternity.
Professor John R. Culbert has coached the Illinois teams since 1947. He points out that the contest gives students the oppor- tunity to compete in flower and plant judging on a team basis and also as individuals. It also provides the opportunity for the exchange of ideas among students and their instructors.
Since 1947, Culbert-coached teams have performed well in com- petition. They placed first in 1958, 1960, 1962 and 1963; second in 1957 and 1965; and third in 1947, 1948 and 1956. Illinois teams did not compete in the 1961 and 1964 contests held on the west coast.
-30- HFrJJFibh 1/3/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Modern Dairy Feed Mechanization Unit Now Available For UI Automation Research
URBANA — The world's most automatic dairy feeding system is now in operation at the University of Illinois.
Designed by U. of I. dairy scientists and agricultural engineers, the research system is built to automatically feed up to 80 cows (60 milking and 20 dry) in four lots.
Nerve center of the system is a panel of controls that can be preset to automatically mix and deliver any combination of corn silage, high-moisture corn and a concentrate ration to four lots of cows as often as every two hours.
A modern milk room and double-four herringbone milking par- lor, a loose-housing shed and two free-stall housing sheds complete the physical layout of the system.
U. of I. dairy scientists believe that one man should be able to handle enough high-producing cows to market 500,000 to 700,000 pounds of milk annually. However, to handle that volume, the operator must rely on automation, bulk feed and milk handling and group handling of cows. Also, he must limit individual cow attention to such special occasions as calving, breeding and veterinary treatment.
The U. of I. Dairy Automation Center is built with these challenges in mind. Dairy scientists and agricultural engineers will use the system to check out new feed automation equipment, to learn how cows respond to automation and to incorporate these findings into a
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modern, efficient unit that can serve as a guide for automated oper- ations on commercial farms.
The entire U. of I. system is built with equipment that is presently on the market. U. of I. researchers have worked to "mold" these separate pieces of equipment into a workable automated feed- handling unit.
Agricultural engineer E. F. Olver says that the operator has complete control of the combination and proportion of corn silage, grass silage, high-moisture corn and concentrates that move through the system. He can set the control panel to automatically carry any one of the four feeds, a blend of all four or any combination in be- tween. A 24-hour time-control clock governs time and frequency of delivery.
Rations are collected from the four feed sources by means of a common nine-inch auger in the feed room. The auger serves as both a conveyor and a mixer. It discharges the mixed ingredients into an inclined chain-flight elevator that carries the ration out of the feed room and raises it about 10 feet above the ground to a 90-foot cross- conveying auger that services bunks in each of the four lots.
U. of I. dairy researcher, K. E. Harshbarger says the first
experiment in the new system will involve three lots of 14 cows each.
Object of the study is to see how well cows adjust to receiving their
entire ration in feedlot bunks.
One group of cows will receive their entire ration delivered automatically to the feedlot. A second group will receive silage de- livered automatically to the feedlot and concentrates fed in the milk- ing parlor. The third group will automatically receive silage in the feedlot bunk along with about half of their concentrate ration. The rest of the concentrate ration will be fed in the milking parlor.
Future studies will be aimed at improving the automatic con- trol system, modifying feed delivery components and developing an efficient system for handling manure.
-30- HDN:bh 1/6/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Outlines 1966 Changes In Feed Grain Program
URBANA — Title III of the Food and Agricultural Act of 1965, which deals with feed grains, continues similar voluntary provisions of the feed grain program of the past. But this section of the new agricultural bill includes several changes of which Illinois farmers should be aware.
University of Illinois agricultural economist Duane Erickson points out that the total price support for corn at the national level is $1.30 per bushel. This amount is made up of $1.00-per-bushel loan rate and a 30-cent price support payment. In 1965 the loan rate was $1.05 and the price support payment was 20 cents for a total price support of $1.25 per bushel.
Total price support levels for corn will vary from $1.29 to $1.34 per bushel in Illinois, Erickson says.
The basis of yields used for computing price support payments and. diversion payments is another change affecting feed grains. In 1966 projected yields will be used. Projected yields are a five-year average yield plus an increase of about 17 percent to reflect recent increases in productivity and yield levels.
Projected corn yields in Illinois counties range from 50 to 112 bushels per acre. The average projected yield for Illinois is 91 bushels per acre for corn.
Diversion of land from surplus crops is a continued provision
under Title III of this bill, Erickson says. A change from 1965 is
that no diversion payment is made for the first 20 percent of land
diverted unless the farmer has a base acreage of 25 acres or less.
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In this case a diversion payment is made for the first 20 percent of land at the rate of 20 percent of the county total price support times the projected yield.
To participate, a farmer must divert a minimum of 20 percent of the base acreage. The maximum amount to be diverted is 50 percent of the base or 25 acres, whichever is larger. But the amount diverted may not exceed the base. The high diversion rate is 50 percent of the county price support times the farm's projected yields on acreage diverted above the minimum of 20 percent.
Price support payments are made on 50 percent of the base acres times the farm projected yield at 30 cents per bushel for corn. By planting 45 percent of the base, a farmer can earn the maximum price support payment.
Erickson reports that farmers with a new feed grain base may file minimum intentions and earn price support payments. But farmers establishing a new feed grain base cannot earn a diversion payment or use the wheat-feed grain substitution provision.
A payment reduction provision controls failure to fully compl; with program provisions. This provision replaces the allowable varia- tions rule? the penalty for grazing or harvesting diverted acres; and the loss-of-payment provision when permitted acreage on a non-complying farm is exceeded.
Erickson advises farmers who have questions about the program
to check with their county ASCS office for further details.
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JAPrbh 1/6/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Economist Outlines Wheat Program Changes
URBANA — Major changes in the wheat program deal with the minimum diversion requirements, certificate payments and penalties for non-compliance with the program after indicating participation, accord- ing to University of Illinois agricultural economist Duane E. Erickson.
Title V of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1965 continues the voluntary wheat certificate program until 1969, Erickson says. The sign-up period for the wheat, feed grain and cropland adjustment pro- gram begins January 31 and ends April 1.
To participate in the wheat program, a farmer must divert cropland to conserving uses equal to 15 percent of the farm wheat allotment, Erickson reports. No diversion payment is made on the 15 percent minimum diversion, but additional acres can be diverted up to 50 percent of the allotment or 25 acres less the minimum diversion, whichever is larger. In addition, acres diverted under the wheat pro- gram cannot exceed the wheat allotment.
Payments for diversion are 40 percent of the county loan rate times the farm projected yield, Erickson says. In 1965 participating farmers received payments on both domestic and export certificates. Domestic certificate payments in 1966 are valued at about $1.30 per bushel on 45 percent of the farm allotment based on projected yields. Actual value of the domestic certificates will be the difference be- tween the $1.25 loan rate and July 1, 1966, parity. Planting 40.5
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percent of the wheat allotment will qualify the farmer for the maxi- mum certificate payment for the domestic certificates.
In 1966 there will be no payment for export certificates, Erickson says.
Erickson says to obtain program payments wheat farmers who sign up for the wheat program must remain within their intentions. Filing additional intentions for minimum-level participation is not permitted in the 1966 program.
The penalty for overplanting is a reduction in payments. In some cases payment reduction for overplanting will be twice the county loan rate times the projected yield on the acreage involved. For authorized harvesting of diverted acres, the payment reduction will be the county loan rate times the farm yield on the acres involved.
Erickson points out that these provisions for reduced pay- ments will encourage closer compliance with sign-up intentions through the penalty.
Additional details on the wheat program should be obtained
from the local ASCS office, he says.
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JAPtbh 1/11/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Ag College Dean Notes Importance Of New Aq Communications Curriculum
The dean of the U. of I. College of Agriculture said today that recent Board of Trustee action approving an agricultural communi- cations curriculum opens the way for the University of Illinois to assume national educational leadership in an important area of agri- cultural business.
Dean 0. G. Bentley pointed out that relatively few U. S. land grant universities offer coordinated educational programs in the com- bined fields of agriculture and communications. The growing demand for young men and women with this combination of education far exceeds the number of graduates in the United States.
"This growing demand," Bentley said, "stems in part from the rapid advances in scientific knowledge in agriculture and in part from the expansion and increased sophistication of our communication systems in this country. Agricultural businesses are employing more men and women who have both a basic understanding of agriculture and the ability to use modern communication methods and systems to communicate knowledge to farmers and other audiences."
The new curriculum, which was developed in consultation with leaders in business and industry, offers students a sequence of courses in agriculture, other physical sciences, communications, social sci- ences and humanities.
"Our objective," Bentley said, "is to provide a broad educa- tional base for students who must combine an understanding of the
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implications and consequences of communications with the technical com- petencies of their profession."
The program will be available to students starting with the fall semester of 1966. It replaces a major in agricultural communi- cations that has been offered in the past as part of the general pro- gram in agriculture and will be offered jointly by the College of Agriculture and the College of Journalism and Communications.
-30- HR tbh 1/11/66
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FOR IMWWDI.^TE RF7EASE
Note Rising Quality Of Freshmen In U.I. Ag College
Three-fourths of the freshmen entering the College of Agri- culture at the University of Illinois last fall cane from the top one- fourth of their high school graduating class.
This evidence of the rising quality of entering University freshmen follows a trend established during the past few years, accord- ing to Dr. K. E. Gardner, associate dean and director of resident instruction at the U.I. College of Agriculture.
The 75 percent of last fall's entering freshmen in the top quarter of their graduating class compares wi!h 54 percent in 1960, Gardner points out. The figures for the University of Illinois as a whole were 84 percent last fall compared with 49 percent in 1960.
Whereas 82 percent of the freshmen entering the College of Agriculture in 1960 were from the top half cf their graduating class, the figure last fall rose to 98 percent. Comparable University figures were 78 percent in 1960 and 98 percent last fall.
Top college in student quality this fall was Liberal Arts and Sciences with 92 percent of its entering freshmen in the top one- fourth of their graduating class, according to Director Gardner, and 99 percent in the top half.
Another indication of quality and success rate of incoming freshman students in the College of Agriculture is the fact that only or college on the Urbana campus dropped fewer freshmen during the 1964-65 scholastic year. Figures show that the College of Fine and Applied Arts dropped only 8 percent of its entering freshmen last year compared with the College of Agriculture rate of 14 percent and the all- University total of 16 percent.
-30- RAJ:bh 1/11/66
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1965 Deaths From Fire Near Record Number
URBANA — Fire killed about 12,000 persons in this country during 1965, according to Ordie L. Hogsett, extension safety specialist at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
This figure was an increase of 100 over the previous year's toll and brought the annual total close to the record mark of 12, 100 fire deaths set in 1954.
The value of property destroyed by fire in 1965 totaled $1, 760, 000, 000, according to preliminary estimates of the National Fire Protection Association of Boston. This total i3 an increase of more than $100,000,000 from the previous year, when the figure was $1,652,700,000 It also approaches the all-time high set in 1963, when fire destruction cost over $1,788,000,000.
Hogsett said that one small note of encouragement in the NFPA report was a slight decline in fire deaths in homes. In 1965 approximately 6, 500 persons lost their lives in home fires compared with 6,550 the previous year. Almost one- third of all fire victims in the home — about 2,100 — were children.
Of the $1,760,000,000 property loss for 1965, $1, '5*, 000, 000 represented damage to buildings and contents. This cause accounted for about $93,500,000 of the increase registered for the year. Non- building fires — those involving aircraft, ships, motor vehicles and similar equipment as well as forest fires — cost about $306,000,000 in 1965.
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RAJ:bh 1/11/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE (
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR RELEASE, JANUARY 15, 1966 OR LATER
Reiser Repeats As Illinois 5-Acre Soybean Champ
URBANA — A "repeat performance" should prove that John Reiser' i 1964 record of 73.5 bushels of soybeans per acre was no "accident." The Ashland, Illinois, farmer harvested 82.7 bushels per acre from a 5.5-acre plot entered in the 1965 Illinois 5-Acre Soybean Contest.
Reiser averaged 55 bushels of beans per acre on 12 acres on his home place. He harvested 200 acres of soybeans this past year, including beans on rented land. Reiser's record-breaking plot was planted to the new variety, Wayne, on rolling land that had been in alfalfa two years previously.
The Ashland farmer is sold on narrow-row soybeans. He'd been wanting to switch to 30-inch rows for some time and decided last spring to make the machinery change because of labor shortages. With the equipment he now has, he can handle 400 acres of cropland with no additional help. His acreage is divided about equally between corn and soybeans. His yields last year from narrow rows were the best he's ever had. Fifty acres of land he bought two years ago made 37 bushels in 1964 when planted to Harosoy beans. This past year, using narrow rows and Shelby beans, he averaged 51 bushels per acre on the same ground.
Reiser fall-plows almost all of his 400 acres of cropland. He cultivates in the spring as soon as he can get into the field.
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Then he cultivates again in front of the planter. All soybeans get
400 pounds of 5-15-8 plus a broadcast blend of 0-70-90 per acre.
With narrow-row beans, Reiser feels that herbicides are a
must. He used 10 percent amiben granules at the rate of 7.5 pounds
per acre in 13-inch bands. From his records, Reiser can tell at a
glance the rate and time of application of all fertilizers, herbicides
and insecticides he uses.
Of Reiser's success with soybean production, Cass County Farm Adviser Russ Meridith says, "If you had to isolate one factor in John' success, it would have to be timeliness of operation. Many farmers just miss bumper crops because they're about 30 days too late." Reiser planted corn from April 29 to May 2 and soybeans from May 3 to to 10.
In addition to Reiser's new record, the next four placings in the soybean contest were "highly respectable."
Second place went to Robert Fairchild, Rochester, Sangamon county, with a yield of 58.4 bushels. He planted Clark 63 beans on May 19 in 38-inch rows. He followed with corn, cultivated twice and used amiben as a pre-emergence herbicide.
Third place went to H. L. Megginson, Jacksonville, Morgan county. He planted Shelby beans on May 4 in 38-inch rows. He aver- aged 57.9 bushels on over 28 acres.
Carl Kreis, Buffalo, Sangamon county, took fourth place with 55.8 bushels. He planted Shelby beans on May 22 in 40-inch rows. He harrowed twice and cultivated once.
Bruce A. Glover, Mt. Erie, Wayne county, placed fifth with 55.6 bushels. This 18-year-old farmer planted Clark 63 beans in 40- inch rows on May 11 following soybeans, used amiben and cultivated twice.
Reiser and Glover also doubled county yields with their rec- ords. The cass county average is 31 bushels per acre; the Wayne county average is 22 bushels.
-30- JJF:bh 1/13/66
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UI Foreign Trade Conference Aims To Develop Profitable Farm Markets
URBANA — A conference intended to help develop profitable markets for Illinois farm products is scheduled for the University of Illinois Illini Union on Monday and Tuesday, January 24-25.
The program for the Agricultural Foreign Trade Conference is planned to help Illinois farmers get a better understanding of the importance of exports to the state's agriculture. The conference will also emphasize the nature of restrictions on international trade, pro- grams to stimulate sales in foreign countries and prospects for increasing exports of Illinois farm products.
The Monday morning session will include a discussion of what and where we sell and buy by L. H. Simerl, U. of I. extension econo- mist. W. B. Peterson, secretary of marketing, Illinois Agricultural Association, Bloomington, will present prospects for exports to the Far East.
Three Illinois farmers will discuss their experiences in selling to European buyers. Participants in this discussion will in- clude Vernon Deeke, Cook county; George Powell, Jr., Madison county; and Alvin Mahrenholz, Lawrence county.
A feature of the afternoon meeting will be a talk on gains and losses from exports and imports by U. of I. economist R. W. Gillespie. U. of I. agricultural marketing economist S. C. Schmidt will explain how international organizations influence trade.
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Selling livestock products in international markets will be described by F. J. Zurek, vice-president for foreign operations, Wil- son and Company, Chicago. Edward W. Pierce, vice-president, Continen- tal Grain Company, New York, will discuss selling grains abroad.
At a Monday evening dinner meeting, the principal speaker will be David L. Hume, assistant administrator, Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA. He will report on prospects for increasing exports of farm products.
Highlight of the Tuesday session will be a discussion of how one of our competitors views foreign trade. This will be presented by Robert Hickman, agricultural attache, Canadian Embassy, Washing- ton, D. C. Louis F. Dempsey, vice-president for international banking, Northern Trust Company, Chicago, will explain how farmers get paid for products sold abroad. The relations of farm programs to foreign trade will be discussed by D. Gale Johnson, dean, Division of Social Sciences, University of Chicago.
William B. Miller, secretary, Greater Chicago Port Develop- ment Association, will discuss programs for increasing exports :•.:-' Illinois agricultural products at a luncheon meeting on Tuesday
Advance registration is necessary because space is limited and arrangements must be made for dinners at which principal addresses will be made. To register for the conference, call or see your county farm adviser or the Conference Supervisor, 116c Illini Hall, Champaign, Illinois 61822.
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JAPtbh 1/14/66
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FOR RELEASE P.M., JANUARY 26, 1966
Special Coverage:
Custom Spray Operators School
UI Researchers Report Work With
Low-Volume Concentrates
For Controlling True Armyworm
URBANA — Both malathion and diazinon applied by air as low- volume concentrates — 16 fluid ounces per acre — show promise in control- ling the true armyworm in wheat.
But under the conditions tested last summer by University of Illinois entomologists, neither insecticide was as effective as 1.5 pounds of toxaphene per acre applied by conventional air applica- tion, reported U. of I. extension entomologist Steve Moore at the 18th Annual Custon Spray Operators School here today. Moore is attached to the Illinois Natural History Survey here.
Low-volume concentrate sprays of malathion and diazinon applied by air at 16 fluid ounces per acre killed newly hatched chinch bug nymphs but did not kill the more mature nymphs. Therefore, they failed to effectively control chinch bugs in wheat, Moore added.
Each plot in the test ranged from four to eight acres. Re- searchers made pre-treatment and post-treatment counts of armyworms per linear foot of drill row in four or more locaticns in each plot.
No reduction in the armyworm population occurred until the fourth day after treatment with either malathion or diazinon. Army- worm larvae remained inactive for the first two nights following treat- ment because of the unseasonably cold weather.
Seven days after treatment there was a 45 ro &V percent kill.
The rate of 16 fluid ounces per acre applied at a height of 10 feet was
more effective against armyworms than the same rate applied at a height
of 25 feet.
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Town-Country Church Institute To Meet At UI Jan. 31-Feb. 2
URBANA — "The Family in Transition" is the theme of the 36th Annual Town and Country Church Institute scheduled for the University of Illinois Illini Union January 31 to February 2.
Formerly the Rural Pastors and Lay Leaders Short Course, the institute and the U. of I. College of Agriculture Cooperative Ex- tension Service cooperate to provide continuing education and in- service training for Illinois pastors and church leaders.
After registration at 11 a.m. Monday, the conference will get under way with a luncheon meeting. Principal speaker will be Dr. Arthur Carl Piepkorn, graduate professor of systematic theology, Concordia Seminary, St, Louis.
This year four elective courses will be offered by U. of I. faculty to meet the interest in more intensive study of the problems of administration, counseling and community service, reports H. J. Schweitzer, U. of I. rural sociologist and member of the institute com- mittee.
These courses are the Church and Community Development; Leadership Communications and Social Action; Land--Ownership, Use and Control; and Pastoral Counseling Resources.
At Tuesday sessions University faculty, pastors and theolo- gians will lead discussions of the changing structure and function of the family; preparing youth for a meaningful life; marriage and
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meaningful parenthood; helping the aged to a meaningful life; and
mental and emotional problems of the family.
Discussions at Wednesday morning sessions will center on community resources available for families and the role ;f the church in the modern family.
Schweitzer points out that the institute committee requests
interested persons to register in advance if possible. Registration
forms are available at the county farm adviser's office and should be
mailed at once to H. J. Schweitzer, 420 Mumford Hall, Urbana, Illinois
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ISPFMRA Plans Winter Meeting At Illini Union, January 27-28
URBANA — Approximately 160 members of the Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers are expected to gather at the University of Illinois Illini Union January 27-28 for the society's annual winter meeting.
With about 450 members, the society is the largest state organization of professional managers and appraisers of farm property in the nation, reports Fay M. Sims, University cf Illinois farm manage- ment specialist and ISPFMRA secretary-treasurer.
The society's 1953 award for outstanding contribution to agriculture will be made at a luncheon r.eeting Friday. P. st recipi- ents of the ?v?rd aid hcnorsry mcrrbers of the society will also be recognized at this time.
After registration at 9 a.m. Thursday, the group will hear a panel discussion of current leasing trends and experiences in custom- operating farmland for others.
Highlights of the Thursday afternoon session will be the future and long-range projects of soils and crop technology, predic- tions for 1966 and guidelines for rural appraising. The uf^ of futures in farm business will be discussed, and the report of a management fee study will be given.
The principal speaker at the Thursday evening banquet wili be John Maggio, International Business Machines, who will discuss com- puters as farm planning aids.
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At the Friday morning meeting, discussions will center on tax considerations in transferring and investing in farmland and the prospects for Illinois agriculture during the next 15 years.
The winter meeting committee includes Dana M. Lewis, Harris
Trust and Savings Bank, Chicago; Ray M. Carmichael, National Bank of
Bloomington; C. Ray Dippel, Prudential Insurance Company of America,
Champaign; Duane E. Erickson, U. of I. farm management specialist;
Phillip L. Farris, First National Bank of Danville; R. Thomas Heinhorst
Champaign National Bank, Champaign; Joseph W. Knapp, Federal Land Bank
Association, Danville; and James A. Rogers, Commercial National Bank
of Peoria.
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Grain Drying Workshop Coverage
Plastic Again Used Successfully For Emergency Corn Storage In UI Tests
URBANA — Plastic sheets laid on the ground have again showed a potential for temporary high-moisture corn storage — in spite of some of the warmest early winter temperatures on record in Illinois.
University of Illinois researchers used 1,500 bushels of 22 percent moisture shelled corn in the study. They unloaded the corn directly onto a 6 mil, 20* x 75' polyethylene sheet and covered it with a similar sheet.
Agricultural engineer Frank Andrew reported the study here today at the annual Materials Handling and Grain Drying Workshop. He said that the corn was stored between the plastic sheets for 60 days, beginning last October 29.
"The grain appeared in excellent condition when wo marketed it," Andrew explained. "Corn moisture dropped about one percent during the two-month storage period, and the base price jumped from $1.01 per bushel to $1.16."
Andrew also noted that on the date the corn was harvested the local elevator was "plugged" with trucks waiting in line to un- load. However, when researchers marketed the corn on December 30, the grain was accepted as fast as it could be hauled to the elevator.
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The plastic sheets were held firmly to the corn by suction created by a fan located at one end of the pile. A 1/4-horsepower motor attached to the fan created about 1/2 inch of static suction.
At night and on cloudy days when outside temperatures dropped below the corn temperature, researchers opened a flap at the end opposite the fan and pulled the cooler air through the pile.
"During those warm, muggy nights in November, we began to wonder whether any grain-cooling winter weather would ever come, " Andrew said. "However, we were able to keep the corn in marketable condition. "
Last year was the second year of U. of I. tests using plastic sheets for emergency corn storage. In 1964 Andrew stored 700 bushels of 19 percent shelled corn for 40 days between 4 mil plastic sheets laid on the ground near the cornfield. Cost of the plastic in the test was about 3 1/2 cents per bushel of corn.
Andrew said the safe length of time for storing high- moisture corn depends on the moisture-temperature-time relationship. Ground temperature at the time of storage is an important consider- ation. The bottom part of the grain will stay at or near this temper- ature for some time.
With a ground temperature at 60 F. and grain moisture at
19 percent, it's fair to estimate that the bottom half-inch of the
grain can be stored about 30 days. The same corn stored at 40 F.
will keep for two or three months.
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Give Priority To Crops
In Corn Belt; UI Economist
URBANA — In the bid for land, labor and capital on most corn- belt farms, top priority should be given to the cropping system, re- ports a University of Illinois farm management specialist. And the larger the farm acreage, the more important this priority should be- come.
This situation is true over a period of years because more than two-thirds of the basic value of farm production, even on hog farms, comes from the cropping system, D. F. Wilken recently told a conference of the Illinois Pork Producers Association in Pekin. Crops — particularly corn and soybeans — pay three to five times more per hour for labor used than do most livestock enterprises.
But hog production followed by cattle should be given second priority, Wilken said. These enterprises permit the marketing of corn and use of any surplus labor, buildings and land not already needed by the cropping program.
The farm operator should consider investing capital to ex- pand and mechanize hog production for more efficient use of labor if he has these things: above-average management ability; consent of the landowner; a shortage of land in relation to labor; and the necessary capital.
Wilken also pointed out that on hog farms keeping feed costs in line with those of competitors was more important than keeping
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building and labor costs comparable. Feed accounts for about 70 per- cent of the total hog-raising costs compared with only 20 to 25 per- cent for building and labor costs.
Capital commitments should also be kept in line with effi- ciency and volume in order to provide the needed repayment capacity, he added.
Wilken advised pork producers to adopt any production tech- nique in which the extra returns to resources used would exceed the added cost over time. But in the foreseeable future, it looks as if the efficient hog producer can invest in almost all levels of hog production and make a profit.
The final size of the enterprise will depend upon the ability of the operator and the part the enterprise plays in the total farm business. It appears that the efficient small producer who adjusts to the times has nothing to fear from the large hog farmer.
Wilken noted that, if the comparative advantage of crop pro- duction should become too great in relation to livestock production over a period of years, this advantage might be expected to be convert* into higher land values until it comes more into line with the advantage from livestock.
But every $100 increase in the value of land would tend to
decrease the landowner's return by about one-half percent on his
investment or decrease the return to labor by about $1 an hour, Wilken
said.
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Special Coverage:
Custom Spray Operators School
Pesticides Rank Low As Child Health Hazard
URBANA — A five-year summary of accidental ingestion or con- tamination by a hazardous substance shows that pesticides rank a "poor third" behind medicines and household preparations, reported Roscoe Randell at the 18th annual Custom Spray Operators School her^- today. Randell is an extension entomologist with the University of Illinois and the Illinois Natural History Survey.
Cases reported to the Illinois Department of Public Health through dcwnstate Illinois poison control centers indicate that 57.5 percent of the accidents involved medicines; 16 percent, household preparations; 7 percent, pesticides; 5 percent, paints; 3 percent, cosmetics; and 11 percent, miscellaneous causes. These cases include only children under 12 years, Randell pointed out.
The pesticides most commonly involved in those accidents were designed to control rats, mice, ants, moths and roaches. These materials accounted for over 80 percent of the accidental ingestion cases.
The five-year average (1960-64) of accidental deaths from pesticides was 2.4, while mo^or vehicles averaged 1,960; home acci- dents, 1,296; public accidents, 887; occupational accidents, 316; fires and explosions, 376; falls on stairs, 129; firearms, 194; drugs, 77; barbiturates, 36; lead, 19; and aspirin, 11. The number of deaths from animals, lightning and petroleum products ranked above those from
pesticides.
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Of the 12 accidental deaths from pesticides in the past five years, one was due to an agricultural accident and 11 to home or urban accidents. Of the 12, seven people were affected by the pesticide while it was being used and five children obtained it from storage. Four of the 12 deaths were caused by baits, Randell explained.
Twelve deaths from pesticides in the past five years repre- sent only .05 percent of the total accidental deaths in Illinois. But these 12 deaths could have been prevented. Randell lists these four steps to protect children from poisoning:
1. Use baits properly — out of reach of children.
2. Store woolens proper ly--in sealed containers if you use moth balls.
3. Keep pesticides stored under lock and key.
4. Burn empty paper pesticide bags, and stay out of the smoke. Burn out or wash out other pesticide containers, and then haul them to a sanitary landfill or bury them.
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Special Coverage:
Custom Spray Operators School
Herbicide Combinations Offer "Interesting Possibilities"
URBANA — Combinations of chemicals offer "interesting possi- bilities" for broadening the range of weed control in the future.
"But there is little need to add a herbicide to control broad- leaved weeds if grass-specific herbicides are doing a good job and there are no other weeds of any importance, " University of Illinois agronomist F. W. Slife reported at the 18th annual Custom Spray Oper- ators School here today.
A combination of herbicides could lengthen or shorten the amount of residue in the soil. Combinations could also possibly re- duce the cost and the way weather affects pre-emergence treatments, he added.
Some combinations, such as atrazine-lorox, eptam-2,4-D, Randox-T and alanap-CIPC, are already on the market. U. of I. researc. shows that a combination can sometimes be better than a single chemica but only under certain soil and weather conditions, Slife cautioned.
For corn, combinations of atrazine-lorox, atrazine-ramrod, atrazine-amiben, lorox-ramrod and amiben-ramrod look interesting. For soybeans, ramrod-lorox and ramrod-amiben are possible combinations.
An ideal combination of herbicides should:
(1) contain two chemicals that have good crop tolerance;
(2) contain two chemicals that give a broad range of weed
control;
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(3) leave no undesirable soil residue but give good resid- ual weed control; and.
(4) be made up of one chemical that is activated by light rainfall and another that will not be completely deactivated by heavy rainfall.
None of the present combinations on the market completely meet the above requirements, Slife pointed out.
Combinations of herbicides present some problems. Although wettable powders seem to mix quite well, farmers have experienced some difficulty in keeping a wettable powder and an emulsifiable concentrate mixed together in a spray tank. Granular formulation of some combi- nations may not be available unless chemical companies combine their efforts and obtain a label. Presently the clearance through the Federal Drug Administration on the use of combinations, where a label approval has not been obtained, remains uncertain.
Pre-emergence weed control has been accepted well by Illinois
farmers. About 30 percent of the 1965 corn and soybean crop received
such treatment. Even with the development of post-emergence treatments
the trend toward greater use of pre-emergence treatments will probably
continue, Slife concluded.
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Special Coverage:
Custom Spray Operators School
More Continuous Corn
Means More Northern Corn Rootworm
URBANA — A continued increase in the acreage of continuous corn — grown three or more years — will increase potential northern corn rootworm problems, predicted H. B. Petty and Roscoe Randell at the 18th annual Custom Spray Operators School here today.
Petty and Randell are University of Illinois extension ento- mologists with the Illinois Natural History Survey. They also forecast a rapid increase in the resistance of rootworms to chlorinated hydro- carbon insecticides — aldrin and heptachlor.
To check the distribution and abundance of the northern corn rootworm and the damage it causes, extension entomologists surveyed 10 randomly selected fields in each of 13 northeastern, northwestern, central and western Illinois counties last summer. Farm advisers of the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service obtained crop and soil treatment histories for the surveyed fields.
The survey showed that 80 of the 122 fields with crop and treatment histories had one beetle or less per 10 corn silks, a very light infestation. Four fields had 50 or more beetles per 10 silks, a moderate infestation. But the northern one-fourth to one-third of the state has a more severe rootworm problem than the southern part. Entomologists found more fields in both the northeastern and north- western districts with 10 or more beetles per 10 silks than in the other two districts.
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Rootworms tend to increase with three or more years of corn grown continuously. If present crop rotations continue, increased acreages of continuous corn will mean more rootworms.
The practice of growing continuous corn and the use of soil insecticides are widespread. This past year 41 percent of the random fields were in first-year corn, and 64 percent of these fields were treated. Twenty percent of the fields were in second-year corn, and here treatment decreased to 42 percent. This decrease was to be ex- pected, as first-year corn after sod is normally treated to control wireworms, white grubs and similar insects; while second-year corn is less suspect. Twenty- four percent of the surveyed fields were in third- or fourth-year continuous corn, and 15 percent were in fifth- year corn or more. The percent of treated fields increased with three or more years of corn because of the northern rootworm potential, the entomologists suggested.
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Special Coverage:
Custom Spray Operators School
Uncontrolled, Minor Weeds Increasing
URBANA — "We can expect weed plants that have not been con- trolled, or that were formerly minor species, to increase in importance So we must devise either cultural or chemical control of these species before they become major weed problems, " University of Illinois agron- omist F. W. Slife advised at the 18th annual Custom Spray Operators School here today.
"There can be little doubt about the usefulness of our pres- ent pre-emergence chemicals and the benefits that we — producers and consumers alike — are deriving from them," continued Slife. Neverthe- less, annual morning glory, nutgrass and climbing milkweed seem to be increasing in the state, he added.
Here is the current situation with these pests as Slife sees it:
Annual morning glory. This weed has always been a serious problem in Illinois. Because it was so sensitive to 2,4-D, it de- creased in importance after the introduction of the herbicide. But in the past five years, the acreage of soybeans has increased rapidly. Farmers are now growing beans on areas previously considered too weedy for production. Many of the present pre-emergence chemicals used for corn and soybeans do not control annual morning glory. Amiben, used on 10 percent of the Illinois soybean acreage, won't "touch" this
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annual pest. Planting infested fields to continuous corn and treating
with 2, 4-D has been the only consistently good control for this weed.
Nutgrass. This perennial weed, a member of the sedge family, reproduces by seeds and underground nutlets arranged in a chain-like fashion. Each nutlet can produce a plant. Nutgrass has always been a problem in low, wet areas of cultivated and non-cultivated fields. In recent years this densely growing, highly competitive nutgrass has appeared more frequently, and it seems to be spreading much more rapidly than in the past.
Several herbicides seem to control nutgrass. Eptam disked into the infested areas has given good results, but frequently it induces dormancy in some of the nutlets and the pest may not be completely eliminated. Lorox as a directed post-emergence spray in corn has shown considerable promise. Preliminary research shows that Ramrod may control nutgrass adequately when used as a pre-emergence treatment.
Climbing milkweed. This perennial vine is common in fence rows and around buildings throughout the state. It appears in cul- tivated fields, but has not spread very rapidly. In the past five years, however, agronomists have observed more and more patches, indi- cating that this weed is increasing. No adequate control is available for corn and soybean fields. Pre-emergence chemicals and 2, 4-D used as a post-emergence spray have little effect on it in cornfields.
Perennial smartweed, ground cherry and trumpet vine — all perennial weeds found in cultivated areas — do not appear to be in- creasing at the present time, Slife concluded.
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Special Coverage:
Custom Spray Operators School
New Insects Threaten Illinois Crops
URBANA — Four insects that have recently invaded Illinois pose a threat of varying proportions to the state's crops, says University of Illinois entomologist W. H. Luckmann, head of the economic ento- mology section of the Illinois Natural History Survey.
The southwestern corn borer first appeared in Alexander county in 1963. Last year all fields in the county were infested. Five other southern Illinois counties had local infestations. Since the rate of spread is curtailed by severe winter weather, entomologists don't expect this borer to invade the major corn-growing areas of central and northern Illinois.
The southwestern corn borer drastically reduces yields because it girdles the leaves and the base of cornstalks, cutting off the crop's food supply. A slight wind or a push from harvesting equip- ment causes girdled stalks to fall, and "down corn" becomes another problem.
Luckmann describes the alfalfa weevil as the most destructive insect to enter Illinois in many years. The problem is so serious that many farmers in about 20 southern Illinois counties will have to treat alfalfa with insecticides this year or suffer hay losses. With-
out insecticide treatment, some may lose entire alfalfa stands,
Luckmann warns.
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In two years the weevil has spread as far north as Champaign county. At its current rate of spread, it will invade the principal alfalfa-growing area of northern Illinois in another two years. In southern Illinois the INHS has released two parasitic wasps provided by the USDA. Another parasite has moved in on its own accord, but such parasites can't overcome the weevil "population explosion" with- out the help of insecticides, Luckmann advises.
Entomologists found one western corn rootworm in 1964. Last year six western Illinois counties reported this pest. The rootworm moved across Iowa in five years. At the same speed, it will move across the central and northern Illinois corn-growing areas in about three years, says Luckmann.
The western corn rootworm reduces yields in two ways: The larvae feed on the corn roots; the adult eats corn silks, preventing kernel set. Organic phosphate insecticides have been effective against the western corn rootworm in Iowa and Nebraska. In both states it poses more of a threat to corn growers than the northern corn rootworm. The same potential threat exists for Illinois, says Luckmann.
Last year the cereal leaf beetle invaded Illinois along the
eastern border in seven locations from Chicago to Danville. All areas
were treated with insecticides, but undetected infestations may exist,
cautions Luckmann.
Although destructive, the ce.eal leaf beetle, should not greatly alarm small-grain growers. Good agronomic practices will help small grains outgrow the beetle. And carbaryl and malathion insecti- cides will control its spread.
However, Luckmann cautions, if the cereal leaf beetle becomes established, federal quarantines will probably be imposed. Farmers would then have to treat all grain before they could sell it.
Entomologists discussed these insect pests at the annual University of Illinois Custom Spray Operators School January 26-27 at Urbana.
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Lack Of Schooling Affects Jobs For Rural Youth
URBANA — A higher percentage of rural youth than urban young people find work in the lower prestige and lower income jobs.
A major reason is that the rural youth complete only 8.6 years of school, on the average, compared with 11 years for urban young people and 9 years for rural non-farm boys and girls.
According to current population reports of the U. S. Bureau of the Census, the percentage of sons of white-collar workers who attend or graduate from college is more than twice that of sons of farmers, says C. D. Smith, assistant dean of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
Young people from low-income families are not so strongly encouraged by their parents to attend college as are youth from higher income families, Smith says. Part of the reason, no doubt, is a lack of resources, or at least a feeling on the part of such families that they cannot afford to send their sons or daughters to college.
High school seniors who rank in the upper 25 percent of their graduating class and who need financial assistance to meet college expenses should apply now for scholarship aid. Most of the cash scholarships for freshmen entering the University of Illinois College of Agriculture are made available for just such students. Most such scholarships vary from $300 to $500 per year. In addition, the good student with very limited financial resources may also qualify for a
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full tuition scholarship worth $170 a year. He would thus have avail- able, from scholarships alone, enough help to meet from one-third to one-half of his college expenses.
Savings from part-time employment while in high school, 4-H or FFA profits and summer earnings may be enough to put him over the top in his quest for ways to pay his bills while in college- In addition, a high percentage of college students earn added income by part-time employment while in college. There is no shortage of oppor- tunities for part-time jobs at the University of Illinois Urbana cam- pus.
Applications for cash scholarships offered by the College
of Agriculture may be obtained from the Associate Dean, 104 Mumford
Hall, Urbana, Illinois. Deadline for submitting applications is
April 1.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Prospects Good For Exports Of Soybeans, Corn To Far East
URBANA — Prospects are good for continued large exports of U. S. soybeans and corn to Japan and other countries in the Far East, according to W. B. Peterson, Illinois Agricultural Association secre- tary of marketing.
Peterson said recently at the University of Illinois Agri- cultural Foreign Trade Conference that Japan had bought about $800 million worth of U. S. agricultural products in 1964. About $504 mil- lion of this amount was Illinois' share. In grains, Japan bought 100 million bushels of corn, 45 million bushels of grain sorghum, 59 million bushels of wheat and 64 million bushels of soybeans.
The improving diet of the Japanese people should help to strengthen the long-term future markets, Peterson said. During the past 15 years, the Japanese consumption of animal proteins has increasec three times, while fish consumption has remained about the same. And urban households are using less cereals.
In discussing other U. S. markets that he observed on a recent trade mission to the Far East, Peterson said that Formosa also is a star performer in the economic world. In 1964 Formosa imported nearly $140 million worth of goods from the U. S. More than $47 mil- lion of this amount was in wheat and flour, $18 million in soybeans and $350 thousand in milk and milk products.
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The Nationalist government of China is in effective control of the island, Peterson noted. And food output is increasing faster than is the population. Thus it was possible for the U. S. to end economic aid to Formosa in June 1965.
The government would now prefer to have help from U. S. commercial interests in the form of joint partnerships, Peterson said. And it has enacted certain statutes to encourage technical cooperation and investment.
Peterson cited Liutu Industrial District in Taiwan as an example of a newly organized and developed area that, on a small scale, is similar to industrial areas near Chicago.
The Philippines, one of our best friends in the Far East, wants to become self-sufficient, Peterson said. But the nation needs a strong, stable government to maintain law and order. In addition, it needs a substantial increase in technical know-how, chemical fertilizers for rice, corn and soybeans, modern machine./ and a large amount of investment capital for industry.
Competition for a share of the far eastern markets is in- creasing. Petorson pointed out that the needs of Hong Kong are being filled increasingly by Mainland China. In 1964 the Hong Kong market received only about 18 thousand hundredweights (cwts) of U. S. soybeans compared with more than 190 thousand hundredweights from MaJnlan". China. in the first seven months of 1965, Mainland China shiype" 32 thousand hundredweights and the U. S. only 255 hu ;d sdwe^gh? :-.
Hong Kong buyers indicated that, a1, .hough Mainland beans have a hjgher pro! in content, are hand-cleaned ar.d are packed in 1QG >ound bags, they prefer the U. S. Hawkeye variety for preparing scy curd.
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Peterson said that in 1964 the Hong Kong market had received nearly 496 thousand hundredweights of soybean oil from the U. S., 275 thousand hundredweights from Japan and hearly five thousand hundred- weights from Formosa. January through July 1965 figures show that the U. S. exported more than 152 thousand hundredweights; Japan, nearly 54 thousand hundredweights; and Formosa, more than 14 thousand hundred- weights.
As these figures show, Japan and Formosa are increasing their
share of the oil market in Hong Kong. And they also indicate the
influence that strong Japanese trading and processing companies may
ultimately have in far eastern markets, Peterson said.
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Trends In Farming Indicate Higher Pay-Off To Management
URBANA — Fewer, but larger farms, appreciation in capital assets, more specialization and an increasingly higher pay-off for skillful operation and management are the trends to expect in agricul- ture during the next 15 years, according to Harold G. Halcrow, head of the University of Illinois Department of Agricultural Economics.
In outlining agriculture's future here Friday at the winter meeting of the Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers , Halcrow said that within this outline there are un- told possibilities for both promises and problems.
By 1980 in the U. S. we should have between 800, 000 and 1,500,000 farms compared with an estimated 3.4 million today. This decrease will be due to consolidation of farming units and elimination of smaller and less efficient operating units.
The trend toward fewer farms has been evident for some time, Halcrow said. The same forces that have operated in the past 10 to 15 years will continue to operate, and the effects on farm size and organization will be similar.
Halcrow projected for Illinois' Class I through IV farms a drop from the 112,000 counted in 1964 to about 95, COO in 1971 and about 90,000 by 1980. Estimates of future numbers, by size of farm area, show more farms moving into the larger sized groups. But this trend is not so pronounced as changes in economic class, he said.
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This situation suggests increased intensity in use of land and rising yields, Halcrow believes. There will also be more farms in the higher income classes, but this change does not mean a widening of the income distribution among farms.
Since 1956, the total money income received by each one- fifth of the farm families in the U. S. has changed little, Halcrow noted. For the past decade the highest one-fifth have received nearly one-half of the total money income. The next one-fifth have received about one-fourth, and the lowest three-fifths have received about one- fourth.
There does not appear to be any good, reason why these pro- portions will change substantially during the next decade, Halcrow said.
National programs to reduce poverty may offer opportunities to the lower income group, but modern farming will give increasing advantage to the larger and more efficient operators. The prospects seem to be for an income increase in all major segments of agriculture, but for the distribution to remain about the same.
The trend toward specialization is likely to continue, Halcrow said. Although the trend toward one-crop and two-crop farming in parts of the Corn Belt has gone about as far as it will go, there
will be more specialization by enterprises throughout U. S. agriculture.
Halcrow said that the pressure for consolidation of ownership units will continue. And the upward trend in land prices will persist. The farm cost-price squeeze will continue even with further growth of the national market and expanded exports.
Farm managers and rural appraisers can expect the demand for
their services to continue, Halcrow concluded. And the management of
farm properties will become more institutionalized under contract
arrangements between operators and non-operating owners. But the fam- ily farm will remain the baJ3ic voit in Illinois and midwestern agricul- ture. -n JAP-.bh 2/2/66
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Exports Biggest Growth Factor In U. S. Grain Markets
URBANA — International trade in grain is in for a period of expansion in which all segments of U. S. trade — from farmers to ex- porters— will participate, according to Edward W. Pierce, vice presi- dent of the Continental Grain Company.
In appraising the future of exports at the recent Agricul- tural Foreign Trade Conference at the University of Illinois, Pierce said that exports have been the biggest growth factor in our grain markets. They now exceed, domestic use of wheat and take more than 20 percent of our feed grain crop and about 40 percent of our soybeans as beans, oil or meal.
In the past five years, wheat exports have increased 42 per- cent; corn, 160 percent; soybeans as beans, 52 percent; soybean oil, 40 percent; and soybean meal, 210 percent.
Pierce identified the three major markets for U. S. exports as the developed nations of the free world, developing countries, and communist countries, either developed or developi g.
Although some developed countries h-ve food surpluses, others, such as Japan and those of western Europe, have food deficits. This group accounts for most of our commerical gra^n exports. (Commercial exports are sold for dollars in contrast with other exports, which are shipped under special government programs.)
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Pierce said that there had been some pessimism about the future of our grain exports to countries of the European Economic Community (Common Market) because of their trend toward nationalism and self-sufficiency in agriculture. But actually the demand for feed grain and oilseeds, largely U. S. corn and soybeans, has gener- ally been increasing since the establishment of the Common Market. The reason is that consumption of meat, milk and eggs has been in- creasing faster than grain production in these countries.
Evidence is that the demand for U. S. grain and oilseeds will increase in Japan. And other developed countries outside the Common Market, such as Spain, are expected to use grain faster than they can produce it.
In the foreseeable future, most developing countries will have to be net importers of food. In those countries with the largest population, most of the increase in food production will be offset by the population growth. Even though these countries need raoie food, there are some convincing arguments against importing of food by an agricul- tural country like India, Pierce said. The way to increase production of any goods is through specialization, improved technology and in- creased use of capital. In other words, the developing countries must industrialize their agriculture.
Nevertheless, Pierce contends that the U. S. will continue la^'e shioments of food to developing countries because of our high production, the sharp adjustments we would have to make if we suddenly stopped cur food aid programs, the political aspects of such aid, the need for food in these countries and. purely human. i :arian reasons.
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Although selling agricultural products to communist countries is a controversial subject, these facts must be realized, Pierce noted;
— Communist countries now account for more than one-third of world net imports of wheat and flour.
— Except for P. L. 480 sales of U. S. wheat to Poland and Yugoslavia, grain sales to communist countries have b~en on terms of cash or commercial credit, and payments en credit sales have beer made promptly.
— Communist countries have had little trouble in c-ettii ig adequate supplies of wheat from the fre? world on commercia"' terras. Only the U. S. maV ?s special rules ^or trade with them.
— T^ere are few restrictions en commercial sales of most other U. S. agricultural commodities to most Soviet bloc countries except that or?e must get an e:;r-crt license. These licenses have been fr?cly cranted on soybeans, tallow and recently on feed grains in large volume.
— The President ' s State of the Union message indicates that the administration favcrs increased trade with Eastern Europe and Russia.
— Soviet bloc demand for all cereal grains and oilseeds is increasing faster than domestic production, as evidenced by increased imports of feeJ grains and soybeans by these countries.
— Because of national policy, we do not trade with Communist
China. E'.it during the past five years China has taken from 175 to 200
million bushels of wheat per year from the free vox Id on commercial
terms.
Pierce believes it is si nificant tvat- a poor tcJ alitarian governmer t like China will a] I >Ci B< cce foreign exchange to 1 ly food rather than let its people go hungry.
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Financing Market Development
Is Theme For Aq Industries Forum
URBANA — Financing market development is the general theme of the 8th Agricultural Industries Forum, scheduled for March 22-23 at the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle.
R. P. Bentz, U. of I. agricultural economist, is general chairman of the 1966 forum.
Following registration Tuesday morning, the forum will open with a general session featuring a discussion of the expanding role of credit in agricultural industries. Participants will be T. P. Axton, president, Lafayette Savings Bank, Lafayette, Indiana; and R. B. Tootel, governor, Farm Credit Administration.
The university's role in agricultural finance will be pre- sented by U. of I. agricultural economists C. B. Baker and J. M. Holcomb.
Agri-business financing will be further emphasized in a new special session. Bankers, agricultural economists and business execu- tives will discuss agricultural development potentials; current finan- cing problems in the feed, equipment and chemical industries and agri- cultural cooperatives? a city banker's view of agri-business financing; and building and maintaining sound credit policies
In another new session on food distribution, discussions will center on solving supermarket location problems and management control of food-store financing and expansion.
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Those who attend special dairy marketing sessions will have an opportunity to sample and hear discussions about new sterilized milk and cream products, reconstituted milk powder and milk concen- trates. Emphasis will also be placed on the past, present and prob- able future of the dairy industries.
The egg and poultry marketing sessions will feature discus- sions of the fundamentals of poultry product promotion; hedging eggs in the fresh egg futures market; speculation in basis; and financing for the modern poultry industry. Participants will also hear about problems of large-scale egg production; forecasting of pullet sales six to 18 months ahead; and decision-making for poultry industry managers.
Themes of the three special sessions for equipment, feed and chemical industries will be manpower sources for agricultural industries, use of computers by agriculturally related businesses and communicating with the farm market.
Grain marketing special sessions will be based on changes in grain transportation and their effects on Illinois markets.
Livestock marketing sessions will include some observations on the futures markets for livestock and meats, innovations in livestock marketing, and cost factors in livestock production.
The western livestock industry as a forerunner of corn-belt changes, lessons to be learned from foreign marketing systems, and trends in Illinois agriculture will also be discussed.
For additional information about the forum, write to General Chairman, Agricultural Industries Forum, 305 Mumford Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
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L. B. Howard Receives Award For Service To Agriculture
URBANA — Louis B. Howard, dean emeritus of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture and professor of food science, recently received the 1966 award for outstanding service to agriculture by the Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers.
During the society's annual winter meeting at the Illini Union, Dean Howard received a plaque citing him for his "outstanding contributions to the agriculture of Illinois and of the nation as a distinguished and esteemed educator, researcher and administrator."
A native of Bloomington, Howard received B. S. and M. S. de- grees from Purdue University and the Ph. D. degree from the University of Chicago. He is widely known for his research work in food processing and utilization of agricultural commodities for industrial purposes. He holds a patent on the process of dehydro- freezing, a method of preserving food that has been expanded for specialized commercial uses.
Howard joined the U. of I. staff in 1948 as head of the newly created Department of Food Technology. He was named associate director of the Agricultural Experiment Station in 1951 while continuing to serve as head of food technology. He became dean of the college in 1954 and retired from that position in September 1965.
He came to the University from the U. S. Department of Agri- culture, where he was chief of the Bureau of Agricultural and Indus- trial Chemistry. Before that time he had occupied various positions in the USDA.
Since retiring from the deanship, Dean and Mrs. Howard have traveled extensively. He is presently serving as a research consult- ant at the University of California at Davis before returning to the
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Self-Anchored, Insulated Concrete Walls, New Look In Farm Building Construction
Editor's Notet The enclosed AGRI-PIX photos are intended for use with this story.
URBANA — Self-anchored, continuously insulated concrete wall panels — quite a mouthful to say in one breath, but apparently well worth the effort. Research results forecast more than moderate suc- cess for these new panels in future farm building construction.
The panels have all the advantages of tilt-up concrete walls-- they're durable and economical, require little maintenance and can ha precast at the building site. They have the added advantage of con- tinuous insulation.
Until now, concrete walls have been supported by reinforced concrete columns cast between the panels, explain U. of I. agricultural engineers E. L. Hansen and J. 0. Curtis. With that type of construc- tion, moisture and frost accumulated on the inside surface of the columns — a serious disadvantage in closed livestock buildings.
A self-anchoring design developed at the U. of I. has elimi- nated the need for the troublesome supporting columns. As a result, insulation is continuous throughout the building. Also, builders can erect the walls faster, since they don't have to cast columns.
Hansen believes the new walls will compete in price with any walls having comparable insulation. Cost savings might be realized
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after the building is in use, since the concrete walls require less maintenance than many other building materials. Insurance also should cost less, since the walls are fire-proof.
U. of I. ag engineers have developed, two self-anchoring sys- tems to support insulated wall panels. One system calls for bolting the panels to the foundation. The other makes the panels continuous from footing to roof. They are held, in place by a notch in the foot- ing and threaded rods that anchor each panel to the concrete floor.
"The footing-to-roof panels have two possible advantages over the bolt-down system," Curtis explains. "For one thing, they eliminate the need for forming and casting a separate foundation wall, since the bottom of the panel becomes the foundation.
"Second, panel insulation can be carried down past the floor slab to give excellent edge insulation for the floor. One possible limitation of the footing-to-roof design is that it requires a con- crete floor."
Illinois researchers have worked with two basic types of continuously insulated panels — one with insulation sandwiched betwaen two concrete slabs and one with concrete as the outside wall and the insulating material as the inside wall. They also have worked with an uninsulated concrete panel intended for buildings that don't need insulation.
Both types of insulated panels are 5 1/2 inches thick. The sandwich panel consists of two concrete faces, each 1 3/4 inches thick, which enclose a 2-inch plastic core.
The other insulated panel consists of 2 1/2 inches of con- crete and 3 inches of foam plastic insulation in the bolt-down panel,
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and 3 1/2 inches of concrete and 2 inches of insulation in the footing- to-roof panel. It is designed for buildings that require an inside wall surface other than concrete.
To date U. of I. ag engineers have built two buildings using the continuously insulated panels. They used 13 of the bolt-down panels in a girage addition and used the footing-to-roof panels in a 32 x 36 foot swine research building on the U. of I. South Farms.
"We had no major problems in casting and erecting the panels for either building," Hansen explains. "We cast the panels horizon- tally on the building floor in the garage addition and on a special casting bed for the swine laboratory."
For the swine building walls, Hansen used a vibrating screed to get a dense, defect-free surface. He applied the final finish by pulling a fine broom across the concrete while it was still plastic.
"You can use a variety of surface treatments with the panels," he explains. "But the broom makes a pleasing texture that can be painted."
The Illinois researchers say it's best to cure the panels for about seven days after casting them. However, they are usually strong enough to raise from the casting bed in about 24 hours.
Hansen and Curtis note that adequate equipment is needed to transport panels from the casting site to the building site and to set them on the foundation or footing.
"A 4 x 10 foot panel weighs approxipiately 1,800 pounds," Curtis explains. "You can move the panels almost anywhere by trailer truck and then use small cranes to unload and set them."
The Illinois researchers transported and erected the panels with a special lift mounted on the back of a farm tractor. Wall panels used in the U. of I. tests were 4 feet wide and up to 12 feet high.
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Farm Advisers Accept Wider Extension Responsibilities
URBANA — Eleven county farm advisers have been selected to teach in livestock extension programs outside their counties in addi- tion to carrying on their county educational responsibilities.
In announcing these appointments, Director John B. Claar of the Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Illinois stated that this move was part of Extension's policy to provide more special- ized in-depth educational programs for the people of Illinois.
Advisers selected include Richard G. Kerr, Winnebago County; E. E. Golden, DeKalb County; Jon F. Ellis, Stark County; Ronald G. Dedert, Adams County; E. G. Mosbacher, McLean County; Arnold B. Rowand, Ford County; Robert F. Long, Sr., Montgomery County; Robert E. Hood, St. Clair County; Calvin H. Cowsert, Shelby County; Victor N. Smith, Williamson County; and Robert A. Edgar, Franklin County assistant farm adviser.
These men were selected in consultation with the Department
of Animal Science at the U. of I., and they are all well qualified to
teach extension educational programs in the livestock field, according
to Director Cluar. In addition, they are being given special educa- tional programs to increase their specialization in this field. For example, they spent two days in class recently preparing them to take an active teaching role in the series of winter swine and beef schools now being presented in many counties.
This action of appointing farm advisers with special subject- matter competencies will add more than 80 specialized educational meet- ings for Illinois livestock producers this year, says Director Claar. Demands by producers for more of these specialized, schools and work- shops could be met only by such a move, since the state current live- stock extension staff could not meet all of the requests.
RAJrje ~30~
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Aldrin Still Approved
For Corn Soil Insect Control
URBANA — "Regardless of what you may have heard or read, the USDA Pesticide Regulation Division has NOT canceled its approval of aldrin for controlling corn soil insects, " University of Illinois entomologist W. H. Luckmann emphasized here today. Luckmann is head of the economic entomology section of the Illinois Natural History Sur- vey.
Moreover, he continued, the USDA reports that the use of aldrin for the control of corn soil insects is not in jeopardy of cancellation during 1966. The chlorinated hydrocarbons are currently recommended in Illinois for control of seed corn maggot, seed corn beetle, southern and northern corn rootworm, wireworm, white grub and grape colaspis, Luckmann pointed out.
Apparently misunderstanding regarding the recent USDA action is widespread because of a misleading story by certain news media.
In March the USDA will withdraw label approval for the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons on several vegetable and field crops. The USDA statement read "30 days after the issuance of the January 31 announcement," Luckmann stated.
The recommendations made in U. of I. Circular 899, "Insect Control for Field Crops, " agree exactly with the USDA label change. It is the best source of information available to Illinois farmers, since many of the chlorinated hydrocarbons — aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor and similar insecticides — now on the market contain the
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"old" label information. The U. of I. recommendations were made some- time ago in anticipation of changes announced by the USDA.
Circular 899 is available, without charge to Illinois farmers, at the local office of the county farm adviser of the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service or from the Agricultural Information Office, 112 Mumford Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana.
In addition to specific recommendations on the use of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, the circular also contains de- tailed recommendations for controlling resistant rootworms. Such pests are showing up in the northern and western parts of the state, Luckmami pointed out.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR P.M. RELEASE, FEBRUARY 17, 1966
Bentley Reviews World Food Needs
CHICAGO — The agricultural industry and educators face the inescapable fact that for at least the next 15 to 20 years the food needs of the world's rapidly expanding population must come from farmers on about four percent of the world's land. University of Illinois dean of agriculture, C. G. Bentley made this prediction in a talk scheduled for the Midwest Fertilizer Conference. "And a large share of that land is in the United States and Canada," he added.
"In view of this world food and population situation, there should be no letup in our efforts in the College of Agriculture or in the efforts of agricultural industry, especially the fertilizer indus- try, to improve the efficiency of farm production in the United States," Bentley said.
"This country has the economic, moral and political respon- sibility to share its educational, technical and industrial know-how with the free and independent underdeveloped countries of the world."
Bentley said the dilemma caused by increasing production on the one hand and fighting surplus on the other will be solved because it must be solved. He noted that the newly appointed National Advisory Committee on Food and Fiber had been asked to evaluate existing and alternative agricultural policies and related foreign trade policies.
"When these policies are perfected and the ways and means found for us to share our capacity with the rest of the world, the need
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for efficiency in our own agricultural production will be greater than
it has ever been, " Bentley pointed out.
"As partners in progress, industry and education have three basic areas of mutual interest and needr a continuing high level of basic and applied research, greater numbers of educated men and women in the field of agriculture and effective means of communicating knowledge to farmers.
"Industry can continue to look to the college of agricul- tures and associated agricultural experiment stations for a continuing high level of basic and applied research. Only through research can we hope to provide answers that will permit breakthroughs in production efficiency.
"We have benefited greatly in the past from industry's support of our research programs. Quite frankly, we will need and welcome this support even more during the next decade."
Bentley said industry representatives and educators share a deep concern about the need for greater numbers of educated young people in the field of agriculture. "Those of you who have tried to hire salesmen, plant managers, advertising and information specialists and other company representatives know that the competition is keen and that colleges of agriculture aren't turning out nearly enough quali- fied people to meet your needs."
The increased use of fertilizer in Illinois since 1940 is little short of amazing, Bentley said, but there is still need for communicating the fund of knowledge to farmers so that they can improve their farm practices. For example, from 1940 to 1960, the tonnage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium skyrocketed from 11,000 to 405,000.
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The 1960 figure more than doubled in 1964. "But some farmers are still not making the most economic use of fertilizer. Using more than is needed is just as uneconomic as not using enough. Other farmers are not applying the right fertilizer mix on the right crops or the right soils at the right time, " Bentley pointed out.
The U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service is strengthening its educational programs in crops and soils. In addition to its state staff, 20 county extension farm advisers are working across county lines in various educational programs.
Bentley stressed the need to help other free countries of
the world, and especially the underdeveloped countries, improve their
own productive capacity and efficiency. Several members of the College
of Agriculture staff are now working in Sierra Leone and India to
establish the kind of agricultural universities that have contributed
so much to the improvement of agriculture in this country.
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Announce Agricultural Communications
Scholarships
URBANA — Scholarships are being offered to Illinois students interested in studying agricultural communications at the University of Illinois.
These $300 scholarships are available to young men and women interested in pursuing agricultural communications careers in farm publication writing and editing, farm radio and television broad- casting, agricultural public relations, photography or agricultural advertising.
According to Hadley Read, U. of I. extension editor, the scholarships will be granted for the 1966-67 school year, beginning next September, and will be awarded on the basis of applications. The scholarships have been donated by members of the agricultural communi- cations industry.
An applicant must reside in Illinois, rank in the upper one- third of his or her high school class and enter the University of Illinois College of Agriculture next fall as a freshman or transfer student with a major in agricultural communications. Application forms may be obtained by writing to: Scholarships, 330 Mumford Hall, Univer- sity of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801.
Completed agricultural communications scholarship application
forms must be submitted by April 1.
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4-H And FFA Dairy Calf Sale Set For February 26 At U. Of I.
URBANA — The 18th annual 4-H and FFA Dairy Calf Sale will be held in the University of Illinois Stock Pavilion in Urbana on Satur- day, February 26. The sale starts at 11:00 a.m.
U. of I. extension dairy scientist Jerry Cash says the annual sale is sponsored by the Illinois Purebred Dairy Cattle Associ- ation to give 4-H'ers and FFA members a chance to get first-rate proj- ect stock at fair prices.
More than 60 calves will be sold. Quotas by breeds include 25 Holstein, 15 Guernsey, 8 Jersey, 12 Brown Swiss and 5 Ayrshire calves.
Cash says that only 4-H and FFA members are eligible to buy calves. However, if a member cannot attend, he may designate another person to buy an animal for him.
All purchasers must certify that they will use the calves for 4-H or FFA dairy projects. Interested persons can get sale cata- logs from county farm advisers or vocational agriculture instructors, or from J. G. Cash, Department of Dairy Science, University of Illi- nois, Urbana.
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Illinois Turkey Growers To Discuss Wage-Hour Law
URBANA — A discussion of the wage-hour law and its effects on agriculture will highlight the 33rd annual winter meeting of the Illinois State Turkey Growers Association at the Urbana-Lincoln Hotel February 24-25.
Cliff Stewart, director of public relations, American Poultry and Hatchery Federation, will be the principal speaker on the topic.
O. G. Bentley, dean of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture, will open the afternoon session. R. P. Bentz, U. of I. agricultural economist, will discuss how the owner of a business can delegate responsibility and yet retain management control. Ralph Colburn, Decatur hatcheryman, will give an inspirational talk, "Sales- men— Shackleton — Corinth. "
At the Friday morning session, Dennis Rahn, Jerome Turkey Farm, Barron, Wisconsin, will present an illustrated talk on how to reduce mortality during brooding and growing. Howard Kauffman, Water- man, will discuss "What Further Processing Can Do for the Turkey Industry in Illinois."
The National Turkey Federation president, William Wampler, will conclude the meeting with the 1966 turkey outlook.
At a Thursday evening banquet, Timothy Nugent, director,
U. of I. Division of Rehabilitation-Education Service, will speak on
"New Avenues of Life and How You Can Help."
Association officers and directors will be elected at a
Friday morning business meeting.
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DIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Community Planning Needed To Retain Natural Beauty
MONTICELLO — Although the emphasis today is on how litter, billboards and junkyards affect the American landscape, it is the littering of unplanned community growth and change that are major threats to the nation's natural beauty.
This opinion was expressed recently by University of Illinois extension landscape architect W. R. Nelson at the second annual Farm Recreation Enterprise Workshop at Allerton House.
In relating the importance of natural beauty to the develop- ment of recreation facilities and tourism in Illinois, Nelson said that all too often people think of the Midwest as being visually dull. This attitude affects not only the growth of recreation, but also the industrial growth of the area. Since industry today can be more selective than before in choosing sites, preference is often given to scenically interesting areas of the nation as a means of attracting young, creative employees to the company.
Nelson noted that all too often when we enter a community we see unattractive signboards, masses of asphalt, little evidence of pride in the treatment of buildings and failure to apply good design in buildings and landscaping.
For example, the town square is an interesting feature of
midwestern towns, and the old buildings add. charm to these towns. But
too often these features are destroyed in misguided attempts at
modernization.
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Nelson suggested these steps to guide citizens of any com- munity who want to improve conditions:
—Organize a committee to initiate action, with representa- tives from all community organizations and governmental bodies.
—Inventory the community in terms of existing problems.
—Establish priorities in projects for community improvement.
—Organize an information campaign with the support of local
media.
— Seek professional help.
Nelson pointed out that since June 1965 a U. of I. committee on natural beauty has been working on a program to assist communities in organizing a coordinated program for local improvement.
At present the committer is preparing a series of 10 circu- lars dealing with such problem areas as schools, churches, downtown businesses, town squares and entrances to the community. Upon comple- tion, these circulars will be available to interested groups of people,
Nelson said.
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JAPtbh 2/15/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
February 19-26 Is Illinois FFA Week
"Agriculture Is More Than Farming" is the theme of Future Farmers of America Week. Governor Otto J. Kerner has proclaimed Febru- ary 19-26 as Illinois FFA Week.
In his proclamation, Governor Kerner said, "A dynamic agri- culture is vital to the future progress and prosperity of Illinois, and this state is dependent to a great degree upon the productive efforts of those engaged in the business of agriculture."
The Governor expressed admiration for the young men studying vocational agriculture and urged all citizens to r.ote t'-ie many contri- butions of the Future Farmers of our state. He pointed out that the Illinois FFA has been outstanding in developing agricultural leadership, encouraging cooperation ^nd promoting good citizenship among its mem- bers.
This week Illinois' 16,110 FFA meinbers, all students of voca- tional agriculture, are working on special projects to explain the importance of agriculture to the state. Special emphasis is being placed on the fact that agriculture is more than farming — it also in- volves processing, distributing and servicing of agricultural commodi- ties and supplies.
The national FFA organization had its start in 1S28, when 33 delegates from 13 states met in Kansas City, Missouri, and adopted a constitution. Nationwide, FFA now has over 400,000 members in 10,000 local chapters in the states and in Puerto Rico. Illinois joined the organization in 1929 and now has 436 chapters.
The FFA program is an important prrt of high school vocational
agriculture. Members of the local chapter plan a program of work under the supervision of their advisor, the vocational agriculture teacher.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Special to Selected Publications
U. Of I. Exhibit Features Annuals At Chicago World Flower Show
URBANA — Home gardeners visiting the Chicago World Flower and Garden Show will see how versatile flowering annuals add color to any flower bed, whether in sun or in shade. The University of Illinois College of Agriculture exhibit is one of the many educational and commercial displays on gardening and related subjects in the McCormick Place show March 19-27.
The college display is composed of three units that feature flowering annuals for sun and shade, turf and lawn weeds and diseases and new publications on gardening.
U. of I. extension floriculture specialist Marvin C. Carbon- neau announced that the exhibit would feature about 30 different vari- eties of annuals. Included are about 10 varieties of petunia, four zinnia varieties, dwarf and tall-growing marigolds and most annuals that are locally available as started plants or seed.
A new U. of I. circular, "Flowering Annuals for Sun and Shade, " has been prepared especially for the show. It contains compre- hensive information on selecting varieties, buying started plants, preparing soil, planting, cultivating, controliinng weeds and ferti- lizing .
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The booklet also includes a chart on the control of insects on annual flowers. Common annuals for Illinois gardens are listed in groups by height at maturity. Varieties for partial shade and for cutting are also listed.
In addition to the publication on flowering annuals, visitors to the show may get copies of "Lawn Diseases in the Midwest," a publi- cation prepared for the 12-state north-central region of the United States. Also available will be a flyer describing 17 U. of I. free publications about lawns, flowers, gardening and landscaping.
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HF:bh 2/22/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special to Selected Publications
OUTLINE:
A SCALE MODEL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS EXHIBIT at the
Chicago World Flower and Garden Show in McCormick Place, March 19-27,
is described by extension exhibits specialist Victor Stephen (left) .
Observing are Director of the Cooperative Extension Service J. B. Claai
(center) and C. J. Birkeland, head of the Department of Horticulture.
The College of Agriculture's exhibit includes three units that feature
flowering annuals for sun and shade, turf and lawn weeds and diseases,
and new publications on gardening.
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HFtbh 2/22/66
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special to Selected Publications
U. Of I. Exhibit Features Annuals At Chicago World Flower Show
URBANA — Home gardeners visiting the Chicago World Flower and Garden Show will see how versatile flowering annuals add color to any flower bed, whether in sun or in shade. The University of Illinois College of Agriculture exhibit is one of the many educational and commercial displays on gardening and related subjects in the McCormick Place show March 19-27.
The college display is composed of three units that feature flowering annuals for sun and shade, turf and lawn weeds and diseases and new publications on gardening.
U. of I. extension floriculture specialist Marvin C. Carbon- neau announced that the exhibit would feature about 30 different vari- eties of annuals. Included are about 10 varieties of petunia, four zinnia varieties, dwarf and tall-growing marigolds and most annuals that are locally available as started plants or seed.
A new U. of I. circular, "Flowering Annuals for Sun and Shade, " has been prepared especially for the show. It contains compre- hensive information on selecting varieties, buying started plants, preparing soil, planting, cultivating, controliinng weeds and ferti- lizing .
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The booklet also includes a chart on the control of insects on annual flowers. Common annuals for Illinois gardens are listed in groups by height at maturity. Varieties for partial shade and for cutting are also listed.
In addition to the publication on flowering annuals, visitors to the show may get copies of "Lawn Diseases in the Midwest," a publi- cation prepared for the 12-state north-central region of the United States. Also available will be a flyer describing 17 U. of I. free publications about lawns, flowers, gardening and landscaping.
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HF:bh 2/22/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS "'
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special to Selected Publications
CUTLINE:
A SCALE MODEL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS EXHIBIT at the
Chicago World Flower and Garden Show in McCormick Place, March 19-27,
is described by extension exhibits specialist Victor Stephen (left) .
Observing are Director of the Cooperative Extension Service J. B. Claai
(center) and C. J. Birkeland, head of the Department of Horticulture.
The College of Agriculture's exhibit includes three units that feature
flowering annuals for sun and shade, turf and lawn weeds and diseases,
and new publications on gardening.
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HF:bh 2/22/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
1966 Feed Grain Budget Worksheets Reveal How Programs Affect Income
URBANA — Farmers who are considering the effect that the 1966 Feed Grain Program might have on net incomes should complete one of the University of Illinois* budget worksheets, according to U. of I. farm management economist Duane E. Erickson.
The two-part worksheets are available at the county farm adviser's office. One part shows how to use the worksheet. The second part is a blank worksheet that can be used to figure how partic- ipation in the 1966 program will affect farm income.
Additional data are needed to complete the budget worksheet of expected net crop and livestock incomes, Erickson says. Information received from the county ASCS office on base acreage, projected yields, diversion payment rates, price support payments and number of conserv- ing acres can be used to find the net effect of participation.
Individual farm records can be used to obtain the direct cash costs of crop production. But if these costs are not available, a table listing some of the major direct-cost items is included on the back of the budget worksheet.
Judgments on expected yields of corn and other crops should be made on the basis of yields from farm record books and expected yields in the 1966 crop year, Erickson points out. Expected market prices should also be projected.
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Examples provided in the worksheet will guide farmers in its use. And using one section of examples, farmers can compare the net income from participating at the 20 percent minimum diversion level and at the 50 percent diversion level. Costs of production are based on the 1964 detailed cost study.
In cases where the feed grain-wheat substitution provision applies, farmers should obtain the appropriate payment rates from their county ASCS office, Erickson notes. The budget worksheet also provides a place to include these payments and to determine the net effect of the 1966 wheat and feed grain programs.
The worksheet also includes space for considering such items as labor, price and weather risks, rental arrangements and the live- stock program.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
1966 Ag Industries Forum Features Agribusiness Financing Session
URBANA — Because of increases in the amount of credit ex- tended to farmers by merchants, dealers, distributors and. manufac- turers, a special session on agribusiness financing is included in the 8th Agricultural Industries Forum, Chicago Circle Center, March 22-23.
Discussions at this session will be directed particularly at city bankers and manufacturers, according to J. M. Holcomb, University of Illinois professor of farm finance and general session chairman.
"It is hoped that the Forum will provide the basis for communication that will lead to credit practices of advantage to both farmers and manufacturers," Holcomb says.
Special session discussions will center on current financing problems in the feed, agricultural chemical, petroleum and farm machin- ery industries and in agricultural cooperatives. Participants will include executives of banks, manufacturing firms and cooperatives and also agricultural economists.
T. R. McGuire, vice president, Federal Intermediate Credit Bank, St Louis, will preside at the Tuesday afternoon session. Speak- ers will include H. G. Halcrow, head, U. of I. department of agricul- tural economics; A. J. O'Brien, executive vice president, Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis? M. D. Hill, president, J. I. Case Company, Racine, Wisconsin; and A. M. Johnston, assistant treasurer, American Oil Company, Chicago.
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J. A. Hopkin, vice president, Bank of America, San Francisco, will be the principal speaker at a Tuesday evening dinner meeting. His topic will be "The Role of the Agricultural College in Financing Agribusiness." Joseph Ackerman, managing director, Farm Foundation, Chicago, will preside.
Participants at the Wednesday morning session will include Clifford Michael, vice president, Commercial National Bank of Peoria;
C. H. Becker, executive vice president, FS Services, Bloomington; and
D. M. Graham, vice chairman, Board of Directors, Continential Illinois National Bank and Trust Company of Chicago.
Holcomb will moderate a panel discussion on building and maintaining sound credit policies and programs. Panel members will include C. H. Peterson, manager, field credit services, Allied Mills, Chicago; Wayne Tyler, assistant general credit manager, American Oil Company, Chicago; A. C. Laughlin, vice president and general credit manager, J. I. Case Credit Corporation, Racine, Wisconsin; Becker and Graham.
The Forum is moving from Urbana to the U. of I. Chicago Circle campus this year because the new facilities there that are particularly well-suited to such a conference, Holcomb says. In addi- tion, housing accommodations and transportation to Chicago from all points in the country are more readily available.
For additional information about the Forum, write to R. P. Bentz, 305 Mumford Hall, Urbana.
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MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
INIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Ag College Dean Explains Recent Tour Of South Viet Nam
URBANA — One strength of South Viet Nam is the country's vast potential for producing food, reports Orville G. Bentley, dean of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture.
Dean Bentley was one of 10 agricultural specialists who recently accompanied Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman on a tour of Viet Nam. The team of specialists concluded that agricultural improvements could drastically assist the overall military conflict in Viet Nam.
"I returned from the trip encouraged and impressed with what Vietnamese farmers can do if they are given information and the oppor- tunity to get such production needs as improved seeds, better livestock and more fertilizers," Bentley explained. "I had not anticipated that Vietnamese farmers would be adopting as many new ideas and new tech- nologies as they are."
Bentley said there is a major effort on the part of the pres- ent Vietnamese government to direct more attention toward the rural areas of the country. About 75 to 80 percent of the small nation's total economy is based on agriculture.
"South Viet Nam has been called the breadbasket of Southeast Asia, " Bentley explained. "At one time they exported a lot of rice. And they are capable of doing so again if the area can be made secure.
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"Of course any agricultural improvement has to be tied in with the problem of pacification and security of the country, " Bentley noted. "It's difficult to introduce a new idea or work with farmers in the provinces if the area is not secure."
Bentley' s primary role in Viet Nam was to evaluate the country's livestock industry. He concluded, that a major problem to successful livestock production there is one of meeting the demand for feed grains.
"A short-range answer to this problem would be an arrangement to import some feed grains and also protein concentrates and supple- ments, " he explained.
"Also, there is a need to strengthen the country's feed mixing and distribution system. Viet Nam has only one feed mill. It grinds about 4,000 tons of feed per year."
Bentley said a long-range solution to the feed grain problem might be to increase production of corn and other crops for livestock feed.
"We were told that a number of corn varieties are adaptable
to some areas of Viet Nam," Bentley said. "Soybeans and peanuts also
could be a source of livestock protein concentrates."
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Cropland Adjustment Designed To Supplement Diversion Program
URBANA — The cropland adjustment program that is part of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1965 is designed to supplement the acreage diversion and payment programs for feed grains, wheat, cotton and other commodities.
In this respect the program is similar in concept to the soil bank program begun in the 1950s, according to Harold G. Halcrow, head of the University of Illinois department of agricultural economics.
To participate in the cropland adjustment program, a farmer must first qualify on these points:
— He must have owned or controlled the operation of the land he farms for the past three years unless the farm was inherited.
— The farm must have been cropped or in an acreage program, such as the feed grain or wheat program, during the current year unless it had been subject to a natural disaster, such as flooding.
— Cropland on the farm must have been planted to row crops or small grains or idled under the feed grain, wheat or cotton programs in at least one of the past three years.
— Land that had been in one of the conservation programs, such as the Conservation Reserve, would also be eligible if the con- tract had terminated.
When a farmer participates in the cropland adjustment program, he must defer from production to conservation uses for five to 10 years his entire acreage of one or more surplus crops, such as feed grains
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and wheat, Halcrow notes. He may elect to place additional cropland acreage in the program. But not more than 10 percent of the total cropland of any surplus crop in a county may be placed under the pro- gram in any one year.
And no more than 25 percent of cropland acreage or acreage of any one surplus crop may be retired in a county over the period of agreements.
The total cropland under the program will be limited by the funds authorized and appropriated, Halcrow says. Payments are limited to $225 million per year during each of the next four years. By the end of the sign-up period, contracts in force would amount to a maxi- mum of $900 million annually. Program participation will be limited by this provision to an addition of abour eight million acres per year.
Halcrow reports that participation in the feed grain program is expected to be down considerably, compared with 1965 participation, because of expectations for high corn yields and good prices.
A combination of payments under the cropland adjustment pro- gram, plus acreage limitations and higher payments to participants unde the 1965 act, will tend to increase land prices, with income benefits going to owners of farm property, he adds.
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JAPrbh 2/22/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Reports Of Latest Research Featured At UI Swine Day
ILLINOIS EDITORS: See the February AGRI-PIX for photos to accompany this story.
URBANA — Research reports on swine manure disposal, protein levels for hogs on pasture and drylot and pen space requirements for pigs raised in confinement highlight the annual University of Illinois Swine Day program set for March 22 in Urbana.
Other features of the program include reports on wheat and rye as dietary replacements for corn; studies in improving swine repro- ductive efficiency; a report on the new, ultra-modern U. of I. Swine Research Center and a comprehensive look at hog price prospects for 1966. Manure Disposal Studies...
U. of I. agricultural engineer Don Day will report on the work with swine manure disposal systems. One method Day tested, last summer involved treating liquid manure under slotted floors with lime to control odors.
In the same study, researchers periodically pumped the liquic waste from the pits onto a four-inch-deep sand filter bed outside the swine building (ILLINOIS EDITORS: See AGRI-PIX F-3) .
The water drained by gravity through the sand and flowed by underground tile to a lagoon, leaving the solids on the sandbed to
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dry without odor. Day will give a full report of this and more recent
manure disposal research during the program.
Amino Acids For Estj^a^inn Grain Fee di^g ^alue. . .
Researcher B. G. Harmon will report rerults of studies using wheat and rye as replacements for corn in growirg-f ini'Shing pig diets.
Harmon notes that amino acid content ic a much mo-re reliable basis than protein level for estimating relative feeding values of farm grains. For example, wheat alone supplemented with vitamins and minerals will provide about a 12 percent protein diet — the recommended level for a 100-pound pig.
However, this diet would contain only .39 percent lysine, while the pig requires .50 percent. A supplemental protein source, such as soybean meal, is still needed to make up for the lysine deficiency in the diet. Improving Reproductive Efficiency. . .
Studies aimed at improving swine reproductive efficiency wil. be reported by animal physiologist A. V. Nalbandov. One roadblock to better reproductive efficiency is the fact that, although the sow ovulates 15 to 25 ova during a single heat period, 33 percent or more of the eggs that are fertilized die during embryonic development.
And, of the pigs that are farrowed, 20 to 35 percent never reach market. In other words, approximately 60 percent of our poten- tial pig crop is lost. Nalbandov will report studies by U. of I. scientists who are trying to pinpoint reasons for the 33 percent embryonic mortality rate in swine. (See AGRI-PIX F-l.) Protein Levels For Pigs...
Level of protein fed to pigs on pasture can affect feed costs. U. of I. animal scientist Dick Carlisle will point out that
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pasture can save $44 per acre in feed costs when hogs receive a 14 percent protein ration from weaning to 100 pounds and 10 percent protein from 100 pounds to market. He'll give a complete report at Swine Day.
Program chairmen Carlisle and Al Jensen say an exhibit fea- turing the latest in swine production equipment will open Swine Day activities at 8:00 a.m. in the U. of I. Stock Pavilion. The speaking program begins at 9:45 a.m. in the University Auditorium.
Parking space will be available in the U. of I. Assembly Hall parking lots. Busses will run between the parking lots and the Stock Pavilion. The student Block and Bridle Club will serve a barbe- cued ham luncheon at noon.
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HDNrbh 3/4/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
New Milk Products, Federal Orders Are Topics Of Ag Forum Dairy Session
URBANA — The commercial sale of milk powder with butterfat, federal milk order changes and the future of the dairy industry are topics that will highlight special dairy marketing sessions at the 8th Agricultural Industries Forum, Chicago Circle Center March 22-23.
Roland W. Bartlett, University of Illinois agricultural economist, reports that dairy sessions will also feature the sampling of sterilized milk products, a discussion of packaging dairy products in plastics and Tetra-Pak and reports of the recent nationwide study o consumer acceptance of milk concentrates.
Participants in the Tuesday afternoon discussions of the nee for federal milk order changes will include Fred Nonamaker, executive secretary, Associated Milk Dealers, Chicago; E. E. Vial, executive secretary, Milk Dealers Association of Metropolitan New York; Alan Luk* Denver market administrator; and Fred Shipley, St. Louis market admin- istrator.
Results of a study based on the use of a new milk concentrate in 4,500 homes will be presented by Tom Wiley, project director, Cannec Sterilized Milk Program, U. S. Steel Corporation. F. M. Johnson, director of field engineering, Dole Engineering Company, Rockford, wil.; give a progress report on commercial sales of sterile milk products. William Palmer, manager, grocery division, Foremost Dairies, San Fran- cisco, will discuss grocery store sales of packaged milk with 3/4 per- cent butterfat.
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The theme of the Tuesday evening session will be the past, present and probable future of the fluid milk industry, the dairy manu- facturing industry and the dairy industry generally. Participants will include J. P. Mason, dairy economist, Natioral M-'.lk Producers Federation, Washington; George Pfeifer, manager, Amoricar Tairy Foods, St. Paul, Minnesota; Sheldon Williams, U. of I. agricultural economist; and Bartlett.
At the Wednesday morning session, P. J. Duffy, system engi- neer administrator, Boston, will discuss packaging sterile cream in Tetra-Pak. F. W. Barhoff, general manager, dr.iry services program, W. R. Grace Company, Clifton, N. J., will outline the use of plastics in dairy packaging.. And Ohio State University agricultural economist Elmer Paurr.er will report on a study of milk sales per route for home deliveries.
For additional information about the Forum, write to R, P.
Bentz, 305 Mumford Ha] 1, Url :^na.
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Winners In First Statewide Spring Barrow Show Announced
Entries from Prophetstown, Lynn Center, Avon, Highland and Chrisman took top honors in the first statewide Spring Barrow Show held at the state fairgrounds in Springfield.
The show, which attracted 500 entries, featured two separate live-weight classes, a carcass class and a truckload-of-five class.
Grand champion of the live-weight classes was a 215-pound Hampshire barrow owned by Forrest T. Pritchard of Prophetstown. The reserve champion was a 216-pound Hampshire showed by J. R. Beatty of Avon.
Grand champion of the carcass class was a Hampshire entered by Engnell Brothers of Lynn Center. The carcass contained 41.7 percent ham and loin and sported a 5.79 square-inch loin-eye area.
The reserve champion was a Hampshire barrcw carcrss entered by Leslie and Roland Malan of Highland. The carcass contained 41.6 per- cent ham and loin and had a 5.45 square-inch loin -eye area. Carcasses entered by Fred Hemphill, Orion; Richard Si~ier, Beason; and Ray and Eddie Lindskog, Prophetstown, completed the top five places.
The champion truck- load of five barrows was shown by Eddie Lindskog of Prophetstown. The five Hampshire barrows averaged 209 pounds, live-weight, and their rarcassis ha I an sveraci of 40.2 percent ham and loin and 4.72 square inches of loin-eye area.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Manpower, Communication Prob lems To Bei Reviewed m At Ag Forum S&gsion
URBANA — Manpower sources, use of computers and communication with the farm market are topics that will be developed in sessions on special equipment, feed and chemical industries at the 8th Agricul- tural Industries Forum, Chicago Circle Center, March 22-23.
University of Illinois agricultural economist L. D. Hill reports that the Tuesday afternoon discussion will center on manpower sources for the agricultural industries. Where and how graduates are placed from high schools, junior college and vocational-technical programs, and from colleges and universities will be explained by these participants?
L. J. Phipps, U. of I. professor of vocational and technical education; R. A. Guthrie, chief, Illinois agricultural education; and W. K. Wessels, assistant dem, U. of I. Ccllege of Agriculture.
A panel of agribusiness representatives will discuss locatinc selecting and training personnel. Panel members will be B. C. Blair, dealer development manager, International Harvester, Broadview; F. w. Luck, supervisor of recruitment, International Minerals and Chemicals Corporation, Skokie; Earl Spurrier, manager, crops technol- ogy department, Monsanto, St. Louis; Robert Swan, personnel director, FS Services, Inc., Bloomington; and Wayne White, personnel director, DeKalb Agricultural Association, DeKalb.
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The use of computers by agriculturally related businesses will be featured at the Tuesday evening session. Myron Uretsky, U. of I. assistant professor of accountancy, will discuss the oppor- tunities and limitations of computer-use for medium-sized businesses. Lavon Fife, International Harvester Company, Chicago, will discuss computer applications to decision-making.
At the Wednesday morning session, a panel of agricultural editors and advertising and marketing executives will present "What We Know, What We Think We Know, and What We Do Not Know About Communi- cating With Our Farm Audiences." Moderators will be Hadley Read, U. of I. professor and extension editor, and C. H. Sandage, head, U. of I. department of advertising.
Panel members include Ira Bix, director of research devel- opment, The Farm Journal, Chicago; Richard Cech, vice president, Marsteller, Inc., Chicago; Carl Sturhahn, manager of market research, Moorman Manufacturing, Quincy; and Ralph S. Yohe, editor, Wisconsin Agriculturalist, Racine.
For additional information about the forum, write to R. P.
Bentz, 305 Mumford Hall, Urbana.
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Forum Livestock Session To Discuss West As Pacesetter For Corn Belt
URBANA — Is the western livestock industry a forerunner of Corn Belt changes.
This question forms the basis for a discussion by R. J. Reierson, Western Livestock Marketing Information Project, Denver, at a special livestock marketing session during the 8th Agricultural Industries Forum. The forum is scheduled for Chicago Circle Center, March 22-23.
The Denver project, of which Reierson has been leader for four years, is a joint effort of the extension services of western states and the USDA in the area of livestock outlook and livestock marketing. Reierson was formerly in livestock marketing extension work in Wisconsin for seven years and was with the USDA for five years in Washington, D. C.
Another highlight of the livestock sessions will be a pre- liminary report by Robert Moats, Federal State Crop Reporting Service, on a recent survey of types of market outlets used by Illinois livestock producers. He will also discuss trends in numbers of livestock producers and production per farm.
Other features of the Tuesday afternoon livestock session will be a discussion of innovations in livestock marketing and some observations on the futures markets for livestock and meats. Partici- pants in the session are Norval Dvorak, general manager, Wisconsin Feeder Pig Marketing Co-op., Francis Creek, Wisconsin? L. H. Simerl, U. of I. policy and outlook extension specialist; and M. B. Kirtley,
U. of I. livestock marketing economist and session chairman.
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At the Wednesday morning session, H. G. Halcrow, head, U. of I. department of agricultural economics, will discuss trends in Illinois agriculture. Cost factors of livestock production will be presented by R. A. Hinton, U. of I. farm management economist. U. of I. livestock marketing economist, E. E. Broadbent, will point out lessons to be learned from foreign marketing systems.
For additional information about the forum, write to R. P.
Bentz, 305 Mumford Hall, Urbana.
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JAPtbh 3/11/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY, P.M. MARCH 22, 1966
Bright Future Seen For Banks With Creative Aq Credit Policies
CHICAGO — Today's new breed of farmer is an astute business- man and a sophisticated borrower. And banking must implement creative ideas into sound workable programs to hold this type of farmer as a customer, according to T. P. Axton, president, Lafayette Savings Bank, Lafayette, Indiana.
There is a profitable future for the agricultural bank that is operated by a well-informed and imaginative management willing to prepare and implement new agricultural banking ideas, Axton said.
In examining the challenges and opportunities of agricultural banking's position today at the 8th Agricultural Industries Forum, Axton observed that the intelligent, objective banker is becoming famil- iar with agriculture in his community. He is cultivating business relationships with the farmers of the future by providing a complete financial service.
Axton said that successful agricultural banks have seen through the popular idea that agriculture is a declining industry. They realize that an industry which has an investment of $240 billion, produces a gross annual income of $45 billion and is so efficiently operated that one farmer can produce food and fiber for 30 other people is an expanding, dynamic industry.
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Axton pointed out that today's farmers are using $40 billion of borrowed funds, nearly $10 billion of which is supplied by banks. This total farm debt will grow, doubling by 1975 or sooner.
Farmers who are geared for long-term competition in agri- cultural production will expect their credit arrangements to be made on a business-like basis by competent and knowledgeable people who can make adequate funds available at any time to meet legitimate credit needs.
Axton said that many banks are meeting this challenge prof- itably by adopting a positive attitude toward agriculture. And they are broadening their financial services by adopting their lending practices to meet heavy demands for modernization capital for both farms and farm-related businesses.
As the most important development in bankings' efforts to improve service to farm families, Axton cited the employment of agri- cultural specialists by banks. And the preparation of regional hand- books with farm management extension committees and other agencies is also a helpful service. These books will provide individual bankers with guidelines and techniques useful in the practical application of agricultural credit analysis.
But a well-planned agricultural credit program can be effec- tive only if an adequate supply of funds is available for lending, Axton noted. Often banks must look to sources outside their communi- ties for loan funds. The best source of such funds is city corre- spondent banks.
While agricultural credit by correspondent banking is prob- ably the "hottest" topic in agricultural banking today, the needs, opportunities and working arrangements are not fully understood,
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Axton said. Thus correspondent banking is often overlooked as a means of broadening service to agriculture and producing new outlets for profitable business.
During the past three years, bankers have made slow, steady progress toward greater use of correspondent banking as a way to ful- fill agriculture's credit needs, Axton said. But there is no similar evidence as to what bankers are doing to absorb a portion of the farm credit now being extended by dealers, merchants and finance companies. Such sources are providing $7.1 billion worth of credit, nearly 42 percent of the nonreal-estate credit outstanding to farm families.
Axton states that merchants and dealers are not interested in extending credit to farmers but ere doing it to achieve their sales objectives. Therefore, a sincere effort by banks to provide the legit- imate credit needed in these areas would be a service to farmers and suppliers and profitable to their own institutions.
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JAP:b\ 3/15/66
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SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
Banks, Agribusiness Should Help Universities In Ag Finance Training
CHICAGO — Because of the greater use of credit by U. S. farmers and the increased demand for college graduates to work in agri- cultural finance and. credit, universities should examine their curric- ula to see if they are geared to meet these demands, according to a University of Illinois professor of farm management and finance.
J. M. Holcomb today told an Agricultural Industries Forum audience that we need to offer our students more than a single course in capital and credit needs. Also, we need to make courses in agri- cultural finance available to the many lenders, educators and farmers who have not had the opportunity to study the subject.
He noted that providing education on agricultural finance to borrowers, lenders and the personnel of firms that extend credit should be a joint undertaking. He suggested that the creation of an advisory committee of representatives from each group to work with the agricul- tural college would be a desirable step to take.
In outlining the university's role in agricultural finance, Holcomb said that as funds and teaching personnel become available, off-campus courses could be offered to people who cannot come back to the campus to study. More emphasis could also be placed on credit and finance at agricultural college short courses.
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Holcomb believes that the college is well qualified to help banks, agribusinesses and other lenders train new personnel in the basics of extending credit. This is particularly true in such areas as credit analysis, business management, credit costs, budgeting and cash flows.
Seminars, schools and workshops could help workers and policy makers in agribusiness and lenders keep abreast of the rapidly changinc agricultural technologies.
Holcomb pointed out that during the past 10 years, nonreal- estate debt of U. S. farmers increased 140 percent and real-estate debt increased 129 percent. As farmers use increasing amounts of credit, they must learn to document their requests better for borrowed money and credit.
Minimum documentation should include at least three years of profit-and-loss history, three years of net worth history, operating budgets and cash flows, Holcomb emphasized. The preparation and analy- sis of this financial statement should be done by the farmer or some- one he hires. Also, teaching the farmer to do an effective job should be the joint responsibility of the agricultural college and the lender.
Lenders are increasingly interested in securing and holding
the business of the farmer who will be in business in 1975, Holcomb
said. But selecting these individuals is a difficult job, and holding
them depends on the service they get.
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JAP:bh 3/15/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
JNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
SPECIAL SWINE DAY COVERAGE
URBANA, ILLINOIS
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FOR RELEASE TUESDAY P.M., MARCH 22, 1966
Lime Controls Pit Odors Under Slotted Floors In U. Of I. Swine Research
URBANA — University of Illinois experiments with chlorine snd lime added to swine manure under slotted floors show that both chemi- icals can effectively combat odors.
"However, the test indicated that chlorine probably is too expensive for practical use as a deodorizer. Lime was just as effec- tive and much less expensive," U. of I. agricultural engineer Don Day told visitors here today during the annual Illinois Swine Day program.
Illinois researchers added chlorine and lime to pits of liquid manure under totally slotted floors. The pits ranged, from 14 to 24 inches deep at the center, and each pit served a pair of pens containing 16 finirhing pigs.
"We found that enough chlorine to suppress odors over a 6- month period would cost an estimated $6.40 per hog," Day explained. "Enough lime to do the job would cost only about C2 cants per hog if applied at a recommended rate of .16 pound per 100-pcund hog per day."
In another phase of the study, U. of I. ag engineers pumped the treated liquid manure from the pits onto a sandbed filter which separated the bulky solids from the liquid and left manure to dry on the sand.
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"We pumped manure from the pits at a rate of about 100 gal- lons per minute and flooded the sandbed to a depth of about 4 inches, " Day explained. "Sand in the bed was 6 inches deep over a gravel fill that contained a drainage pipe and a sampling sump.
"The water drained by gravity through the sand and flowed by underground tile to a lagoon, leaving the solids on the sandbed where they dried without odor."
Day said that in all experiments to date, the sandbed filter reduced pollution by about 50 percent, indicating that about half of the organic matter in the treated manure was held on the sand. This eased the load on the lagoon.
"For best results in suppressing pit odors, we had to mix chlorine or lime thoroughly into the waste when they were added to the pits," Day said. "To get a gocd mix, we used the ICO gallon per minute pump to circulate the waste Trom cnc side of the pits to the other as we added ch-jmicals."
The U. of I. researchers also used the pump to agitate pit contents immediately before they were emptied onto the sandbed during the pumping operation.
Day said the solids that collected on the sand did not have an objectionable odor, even after being rewetted by rain. He noted that rat-tailed maggots, prevalent in untreated pits, were not found in the treated pits or in the solids on the sandbed.
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HDNrbh 3/18/66
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SPECIAL ILLINOIS SWINE DAY COVERAGE
Pigs On Pasture Require Less Protein Than Pigs In Drylot
URBANA — Farmers who feed growing and finishing pigs the same level of protein on good pasture as they do in drylot are not taking full advantage of the pasture *s feed value, according to tests com- pleted recently at the University of Illinois.
Animal scientist Dick Carlisle reported the research here today during the annual Illinois Swine Day porgram. He said that pasture saved up to $44 per acre in feed costs when hogs were fed a 14 percent protein ration from weaning to 100 pounds and 10 percent protein from 100 pounds to market.
"This compares to only $14 worth of feed saved per acre for hogs fed a 16 percent protein ration to 100 pounds and 12 percent protein from then to market, " Carlisle explained.
The U. of I. specialist noted that the tests again emphasized that pasture has little energy value for growing-finishing pigs. How- ever, by dropping the ration protein level at least 2 percent below that needed for drylot, farmers can nearly triple the monetary value of the pasture.
The Illinois studies showed that pigs on pasture gained 1.40 pounds daily on the 16- and 12-percent rations as compared with a 1.38 pound daily gain on the 14- and 10-percent rations.
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"Feed costs per 100 pounds gained were $8.84 for the pasture pigs on the high-protein ration and $8.36 for those on the 14- and 10- percent ration, " Carlisle said.
In comparison, drylot pigs on the high-protein (16- and 12- percent) ration gained 1.47 pounds daily. Drylot pigs getting the 14- and 10-percent protein gained only 1.16 pounds daily. Drylot feed costs were $9.97 per 100 pounds gained for pigs on the high-protein ration and $9.76 for those on the lower protein ration.
"Reducing protein level to 12- and 8.8-percent on pasture did tend to reduce gains, especially in the younger pigs," Carlisle said. "However, feed costs remained about the same as when the highest protein level was fed on pasture."
Carlisle pointed out that dressing percent was not affected by protein level on pasture. However, drylot pigs on the lower protein level tended to have higher dressing percent.
"The amount of lean in the carcass decreased as protein levels dropped, both on pasture and in drylot," Carlisle explained. "The pasture- fed pigs tended to be leaner than the drylot pigs."
Quality scores showed that color was not affected by treat- ment and that marbling tended to increase as protein levels dropped. Drylot pigs showed more marbling than pasture-fed pigs and there were slight differences in firmness. However, all quality scores were con- sidered satisfactory.
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FOR RELEASE TUESDAY P.M. MARCH 22, 1966
SPECIAL ILLINOIS SWINE DAY COVERAGE
Study Wheat As Replacement For Corn; Oats In Rations For Early-Weaned Pigs
URBANA--Wheat was a satisfactory replacement for either the corn or rolled oats in a diet made up of 25 percent corn and 30 per- cent oats in recent University of Illinois studies with pigs weaned at four weeks of age.
"However, pig performance dropped when wheat was used to replace both corn and rolled oats to make up 55 percent of the diet, " reported animal scientist A. H. Jensen today during the annual Illi- nois Swine Day program. "Pelleting the 55 percent wheat diet did not improve pig performance."
Jensen said all diets in the test were fed in both meal and pellet form. Best gains were made by pigs on the wheat-rolled oats and wheat-corn diets in meal form. Lowest gains were made on the 55 percent wheat ration in pellet form.
Jensen noted that finely ground, wheat in a high-wheat diet
became powdery and pigs ate it less readily than whole wheat.
"Pelleting will eliminate the powdery characteristic of the
high-wheat diet," he explained. "But, the pellets tend to be hard.
Pigs weaned at four weeks of age will not eat them readily during the
first week of the feeding period."
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FOR P.M. RELEASE WEDNESDAY MARCH 23, 1966
SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
UI Dean Says Demand For Aq Graduates Challenges Colleges, Industry
CHICAGO — Increasingly complex technology in all areas of agriculture and related business is demanding 15,000 college of agri- culture graduates each year. And these annual demands are expected to increase, according to the Dean of the University of Illinois Col- lege of Agriculture.
In discussing agricultural industries' need for "educated" graduates today at the 8th Agricultural Industries Forum, Orville G. Bentley said that about 10 percent of all agricultural college gradu- ates go into farming or ranching. About 50 percent enter agricultural industry. The remainder find their life work in education, research and government services.
This trend suggests the need for increased liaison with the agribusiness firms hiring graduates.
"The needs of industry are not static and their changes demand a continuous dialogue between potential employers, students, educators, research scientists and those skilled in the art of agri- culture," Dean Bentley noted.
He suggested that state and national conferences should be scheduled periodically to provide an exchange of opinions and experi- ences in recruiting and educational needs.
Education represents an investment of public resources, Dean Bentley said, but it is an investment that pays handsome dividends to
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both the individual and the nation. Greater productivity resulting from better education has been responsible for almost 25 percent of our economic growth since 1910. And one noted economist calculates a return of about 17 cents a year for each dollar spent for education. This return on investment compares very favorably with returns on money invested elsewhere.
Despite the demand for more graduates, the challenge is also to increase the quality of our graduates, Dean Bentley emphasized.
"The call today is for the creative and imaginative mind that can develop models for production and then program systems capable of manipulating production resources to get the desired outputs, " he said. "This 2 to 10 percent of truly creative people represents a scarce and highly prized resource."
There is also a continued need for skilled technical people with education at all three degree levels, he added. Projected man- power needs indicate that the largest demand between 1960 and 1970 will be in those occupations requiring the most education and training — the professional and technical fields.
Dean Bentley said that the retraining of people already in agricultural business, education and agriculturally-related government services is an important area that should not be overlooked.
"Changing agricultural technology coupled with the dramatic changes in America's social, economic and cultural structures, pin- points the need for updating training of specialists and program leaders in all areas, " he said.
The job of meeting this need must be a joint effort between the university and industry.
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"We have been timid in exploring possibilities for more fruitful working arrrangements — seminars, conferences, think-sessions for top management and training for middle management," Dean Bentley said. "The lethargy is evident on both sides. The colleges have been too slow to articulate the ideas and industry has been slow to recog- nize the urgency of the need."
He added that many have lacked the confidence to go ahead for fear of failure.
"If experimentation is needed, then let us experiment and get on with the job, " Doan Bentley said.
He identified there areas as being those of greatest needs recruitment aid on a broad sc^le; in-service training programs and improved starting salaries for top noritions; and a more effective national image for the food and agricultural industries.
In addition, he said that we must ccnridor an apparent national commitment to share technical ccmp2t<r nee with emerging nations. He cited India and Vietnam as prime examples of the relevance of the broad issues of peace, food for the hungry, industrial and economic development and birth control.
While the job of helping these nations is initiated by the government, there is an urgent need for private initiative, Dean Bentley believes.
"A blend is needed such as has emerged in the U. S. in coop- eratives, investors and privately-owned businesses led by American managerial skill." The possibility of such a joint effort in meeting the world's food needs spells a challenge to the American food process- ing industry to become more involved, he concluded.
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FOR P.M. RELEASE MARCH 2?., 1966
SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
Credit Manager Says Poultry Industry Has Tremendous Growth Potential
CHICAGO--With a growing number of consumers demanding better goods at lower prices, the poultry industry has tremendous potential for growth if operating efficiencies can be further improved, markets expanded and sound financing obtained.
This is the opinion expressed today by A. J. Powell, arsist- ant general credit manager, Central Soya, Fort Wayne, Indiana, at the 8th Agricultural Industries Forum.
Powell told a special egg and poultry marketing session that an air of pessimism often prevails when financial needs of the poultry industry are discussed. This is the case despite the fact that in the past 10 years broiler meat production has increased 250 percent, turkey production by 170 percent, and eggs by nine percent.
The U. S. poultryman is a capable operator in a sound and profitable business, Powell emphasized. And adequate financing will be available to such men.
As one reason for optimism about the industry, Powell cited the increased, commitments of the U. S. to feed, the hungry people of the world. He also pointed out that there has already been consider- able success in increasing poultry production capacities and improving production efficiencies.
There should now be an all-out effort by marketing men to make chickens and eggs more widely accepted.
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"With enough aggressiveness and ingenuity, the industry can be made extremely exciting to investors of equity capital and lenders of money, " he said.
Equity capital should be the number one source of money to meet the needs of the poultry industry, particularly for growth capital, Powell stated. Although this source has been neglected, some financial experts feel that at least 75 percent of business needs should come from invested capital and only 25 percent from borrowed capital.
"Some poultrymen claim bankers are afraid of feathers," Powell said. "There is some evidence of this, but there is also evidence of increased aggressiveness on the part of banks for finan- cing poultry projects."
Powell pointed out that poultrymen also have other sources of financing. These sources include PCAs, receivable and inventory financing companies, leasing '~~mpnn-i.es, suppliers, SEA, FHA and SBIC.
To best develop and use these various sources of financing, the poultryman must possess honest optimism about the future of the industry based on facts, Powell said. He should give complete finan- cial and operating data and pertinent information on the problems and needs of his business to a prospective source of financing. Cash flow projections and operating budgets should be used to determine the right program. And good accounting and cost records are a necessity.
Powell added that the poultryman should believe in his own business, but that this business must continually be improved with innovations in products or product usage and new marketing approaches.
"The egg industry has been too much on the defensive," Powell emphasized. "The time, effort and money spent defending the
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use of eggs might better be used for launching new uses for eggs and
developing new and more effective merchandising approaches."
He said egg men need to believe chat it is possible to develop and merchandise new egg foods that have both nutritional and taste appeal and will also satisfy the housewife's desire for conven- ience. Then they need to sell financial men and investors on the industry and the individual poultryman.
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JAPsbh 3/18/66
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
SPECIAL ILLINOIS SWINE DAY COVERAGE
Amino Acids Best For Estimating Feed Values Of Farm Grains
URBANA — University of Illinois research reported here this week shows that amino acid content is a much more reliable basis than protein level for estimating relative feeding values of farm grains.
"Wheat and milo substituted for corn on a pound- for-pound. basis appear to have essentially the same feeding value as corn, " animal scientist B. G. Harmon told visitors to the annual Illinois Swine Day program.
"However, if cereal grains are substituted for corn to provide only the minimum dietary protein requirements of pigs, the diet will be low in lysine."
Harmon cited a study in which U. of I. researchers substi- tuted wheat for the corn in a ration containing 79.8 percent corn and 18 percent soybean meal.
The substitution boosted crude protein levels from 16 percent to 19.2 percent and lysine levels from .70 percent for the corn-soybean meal diet up to .83 percent for the wheat-soybean meal diet.
However, when researchers used wheat to replace the corn and about half of the soybean meal, lysine content dropped to .57 percent, even though the ration still contained 16 percent protein — -the recom- mended level for the 40- to 100-pound pigs in the study.
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"Average daily gains were only 1.02 pounds on the low- lysine diet as compared to gains of 1.47 and 1.44 pounds respectively on the .70 and .83 percent lysine diets," Harmon explained. "All diets con- tained the recommended 16 percent protein."
In a second trial, wne-c supplemented with vitamins, minerals and antibiotics was nutritionally inadequate for finishing swine, even though the ration provided a 1 2 percent protein di^t
"Supplementing this all-wheat diet with .15 percent lysine boosted gains up to those obtained with pigs on a 15 percent wheat- soybean meal ration," Harmon said. "Gains jumped from 1.53 pounds daily for the low- lysine diet up to 1.70 pounds daily. However, feed effi- ciencies were somewhat less favorable with the all-wheat diet."
Harmon said that adding .20 percent lysine to a corn-wheat
mixture containing only 10. b r„cent protein ra.ujuceu gains and feed
efficiency comparable to those on the wheat plus lysine diet.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE SPECIAL ILLINOIS SWINE DAY COVERAGE
gO- To 60-Pound Pigs In Confinement Need 3 Square Feet Of Floor Space
URBANA — »Pigs in confinement need at least three square feet of floor space per pig for best growth front 20 to 60 pounds, according to management studies just completed at the University of Illinois.
Animal scientist A. H. Jensen reported the work here this week at the annual Illinois Swine Day. He said the study was a follow- up of research last year which showed that four square feet of floor space was adequate for pigs weighing from 40 to 100 pounds.
"In this year's tests, four-week-old pigs that were allowed 2 1/4 square feet of floor space per pig gained only .91 pound daily, " Jensen explained. "Pigs having 3 and 3 3/4 square feet gained 1 pound and 1.01 pounds per day."
Jensen said the study was made in two parts. In the first test, pigs were penned in groups of 3, 5 and 7 pigs per pen. They were divided between 2 1/4 and slightly more than 3 square feet per pig.
"Average daily gain, daily feed consumption and feed required per pound of gain were almost identical under both space-per-pig arrangements, " Jensen said. "However, the lowest rate of gain and daily feed consumption occurred in the 7-pig groups having only 2 1/4 square feet of floor space."
In bhe second part of the study, researchers compr~cd pigs in groups of 4, 6 and 8 per pen and allowed either 2 1/4, 3 or 3 3/4 square feet per pig.
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As in the first test, feed intake appeared to decrease as numbers per pen increased for pigs allowed 2 1/4 square feet of space. This trend was not evident with the higher space allowances.
Jensen also reported a group size study comparing performance of four-week-old pigs in groups of 8, 16 and 24 pigs per pen. All pigs were allowed 3 1/4 square feet of floor space.
"The 8-pig group gained more rapidly then the 16- and 24-pig groups," Jensen said. "Daily feed intake was lowest in the 24-pig group. "
The 8-pig group gained .89 pound daily as compared with dai">y
gains of .83 pound for the 16-pig group and .82 pound for the 24-pig
group.
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SPECIAL ILLINOIS SWINE DAY COVERAGE
Rye Replaces 15 Percent Of Corn
In Hog Ration Without Hurting Gains
URBANA — Substituting rye for 15 percent of the corn in a corn-soybean meal ration did not significantly affect rates of gain, feed intake or feed required per pound of gain in recent University of Illinois tests. Gains and feed efficiency dropped when rye was added at the 30-percent level.
U. of I. animal scientist B. G. Harmon reported the research here this week during the annual Illinois Svine Day program. He said that rye used in the study was ground before the diet was mixed and that all of the rations were fed in meal form.
"Average daily gains were 1.39 pounds for growing pigs on the control ration," Harmon said. "This compared with gains of 1.36 pounds for pigs on the 15-percent rye diet and only 1.28 pounds daily on the 30-percent rye diet."
For finishing pigs, daily gains were 1.62, 1.62 and 1.49 pounds respectively on the 0-, 15- and 30-percent rye diets.
Feed required per pound of gain was 4.15 pounds for the finishing pigs on the 30 percent rye ration and 3.91 pounds and 3.85 pounds respectively for those on the 0- and 15-percent rye rations.
Harmon said that complete replacement of corn with rye
markedly depressed rate of gain and feed efficiency.
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Farm Cream Separator Is Relic Of Past, Forum Audience Told
CHICAGO — The farm cream separator has joined the long list of obsolete and antique farm implements, a leading dairy industry leader told a University of Illinois Forum audience Tuesday (March 22) .
George Pfeifer, manager of American Dairy Foods, St. Paul, pointed out that only three percent of all milk sold from farms last year was in the form of farm-separated cream. In 1940 farmers sold about 41 percent of their milk production in this way.
This change in milk marketing practice has boosted farm milk marketings about 24 percent during the past 15 years while total milk production on farms has risen only 9 percent. Actually, farmers used 12.4 billion fewer pounds of milk on farms during 1965 than in 1950, a drop of 68 percent.
Pfeifer believes that the reduced farm milk use came about as the number of farmers declined and farmers sold small milking herds. But in the future farmers cannot boost marketings faster than produc- tion as they have in the past.
Farmers produced less milk in January this year than a year ago, Pfeifer reported. If this downward plunge in milk production and cow numbers continues, dairy product supplies could become short. In- efficient plants producing butter, powdered milk and other manufactured products could be forced, out of business. Dairy processing and sales organizations will merge and continue the trend to larger business volumes, he noted.
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The future market for dairy products through government purchase is more uncertain. Expanded foreign aid and relief feeding abroad will not necessarily mean a market for large volumes of dairy products if the supply for domestic use is threatened, he concluded.
Pfeifer addressed the dairy marketing session of the 8th
University of Illinois Agricultural Industries Forum, meeting Tuesday
and Wednesday at the Chicago Circle Center.
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Increased Sales Of Milk Powder And Canned Concentrate Pred. cted
CHICAGO — A University of Illinois dairy marketing economist predicted Tuesday (March 22) that within a few years American consumers might buy as much as 2.5 billion quarts of a high-quality, low- fat milk powder at about 15 cents per quart.
R. W. Bartlett reported that commercial sales of milk powder containing butterfat have been prevented up to this time because fa4: oxidation caused a rancid product. Now dairy processors have been able to produce a satisfactory low- fat product. And with further research, a product with higher butterfat content may be possible.
With a lower price for the powder than for fluid milk, Bartlett believes that consumers will readily accept a high-quality product like this.
A three-to-one milk concentrate also offers consumers another
way to save money on family milk purchases, Bartlett reported. A
fluid milk product with two-thirds of the water removed has been made
in Wisconsin and used in tests in 4, 500 homes across the country.
This nationwide test of consumer reactions suggests that a beverage quality canned milk would gain wide acceptance. If consumers bought only one-half of what they said they would in these home tests, the market could reach 2 1/2 billion quarts a year, equal to about 10 percent of present milk consumption.
Costs of concentrated milk when purchased in gallon lots would probably average about 16 1/2 to 17 cents per quart, Bartlett estimates.
Bartlett spoke to the dairy marketing session of the 8th University of Illinois Agricultural Industries Forum, meeting Tuesday and Wednesday at Chicago Circle Center.
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Modern Farmers Gear Production To Meet Consumer Demands
CHICAGO — The modern farmer gears his production to meet the demands of consumers as they are specified to those who serve super- market buyers, according to a San Francisco banker.
John A. Hopkin, agribusiness vice president of the Bank of America, reported to a University of Illinois Forum audience Tuesday (March 22) that the time is past when the farmer with off-grade produce that is not accepted by the "best" stores will sell in some other chan- nel at a lower price. An increasing number of products will have no market at any price if they do not meet the narrow specifications for supermarket channels.
Hopkin told, a special agribusiness financing session of the forum that another important characteristic of today's farmer is seen in the arrangements he makes for merchandising products. In the traditional agriculture of the past, marketing was considered an ap- pendage to production. But today an agriculture is emerging in which production is an appendage of marketing.
This difference is profound, Hopkin believes, because in the first case production decisions are made independently of marketing problems that begin after harvest. In the second case the farmer studies the market carefully, making his production decisions in view of marketing opportunities.
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Hopkin pointed out that these are just some of the important characteristics of farmers who can and will make the transition from traditional to modern commercial agriculture. These farmers form a dynamic industry that serves an increasing number of economically po- tent and discriminating consumers.
Another characteristic of the space-age farmer that should be recognized by those who would serve him is his use of the latest scientific developments. If he did not exploit the newest practices in genetics, chemistry, engineering and communication, his farm would remain unproductive despite the quality of its soil.
The modern farm must also quickly increase in size so that it can achieve efficient operation, Hopkin said. This is particularly important when you consider the cost of some of today's equipment. For example, it takes 125 to 150 acres of tomatoes to justify paying $25,000 for a tomato picker.
Hopkin said that the modern farm must also be conducted as
is any successful business with a manager skilled in buying and selling
and in financial management. Both average total investment per farm
and cash operating expenses per farm have increased 700 to 800 percent
since 1940, with an increasing portion of it coming in the form of
borrowed capital.
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SPECIAL AG INDUSTRIES FORUM COVERAGE
Computers, Man's Most Valuable Tool, To See Increased Use By 1970
CHICAGO — Computers may be the bane of man's existence, but they are also his most valuable tool, a University of Illinois account- ancy professor told an Agricultural Industries Forum audience here Tuesday (March 22) .
Myron Uretsky said that even though no substantial commercial use of computers took place until the early 1950' s, today the machine influences most of our actions. And even more surprising growth is in store.
Uretsky reported that some estimates indicate that 45,000 computers with a market value of $12.5 billion will be in use in the U. S. by 1970. These figures compare with a current estimated 27,000 computers valued at $7.5 billion.
Uretsky believes that we can view this trend in two ways. We can follow Thoreau's thinking and "beware of all enterprises that require new clothes." Or we can approach the situation as does the psycho log.! st Havelock Ellis who asserts that we should make machines what they ought to be — "the slaves, not the masters of mankind."
In following this second approach, we are trying to make the machines adapt to us rather than adapting ourselves to the machines. Some progress has been made in communicating with the machines in writing and the spoken word. Uretsky describes this last area of development as that of "artificial intelligence" and says that it has some of the most valuable potential benefits.
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But, he emphasized, we still have a long way to go before a computer will be able to read ordinary handwriting or understand spoken language.
In exploring the use of computers in the medium-sized busi- ness, Uretsky pointed out that the time has passed when only the largest, wealthiest businesses have access to computers. Today medium- sized firms have computer capacity with their own equipment or through a service bureau. These businesses are using computers to dry up the ocean of paper work — making it possible to get more information faster than ever before.
But this ability to produce data is both a godsend and a curse, Uretsky noted. Unless we protect ourselves from producing large amounts of data just because we can, we risk the possibility of being so swamped with data that we will be unable to detect critical events when they occur.
As long as our decisions are strictly quantitative and the steps involved, are routine, there is no reason why they cannot be dele- gated to the computer. Included in this area are programs dealing v/ith assembly-line balancing, inventory maintenance, feed-mix determination and simulation.
Uretsky emphasized that the computer's ability to do routine
jobs will not take jobs away from men, a possibility that has not been
borne out by events. Rather we have been freed to concentrate on
qualitative decision that has resulted in increased employment of more
highly skilled workers.
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Corn Farmers Face Decisions About Feed Grain Program
URBANA — Midwest corn farmers face two major decisions, according to University of Illinois grain marketing economist L. F. Stice. First, before April 1 they must decide whether to sign up with the government's feed grain program. Second, many still have sizable amounts of 1965 corn to sell. While these are separate decisions, the market considerations affecting each are related.
In mid-March corn prices to farmers were within a few cents of their seasons high, and surprisingly strong, in view of recent large sales by Commodity Credit Corporation, Stice says.
The obvious factors supporting the current corn market are:
(1) a high rate of corn disappearance between October 1 and December 3j
(2) the continuation of a strong export demand, (3) farmers' holding of corn and (4) the lack of transportation facilities to readily move corn from the country to terminal markets and ports. Of these forces, the shortage of transportation and strong export demand seem to be providing the most support to current prices.
"Corn exports from October 1 thru March 4 amounted to 296 million bushels," Stice explains. "Buying is still active and the total for the 1965-66 season is expected to reach 675 million bushels. However, Argentina will soon be harvesting a record crop and offering corn to world markets."
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Stice notes that corn receipts at terminal markets this winter have been steady but not large, and stocks at terminal markets this March 15 were 105 million bushels as compared with 111 million a year ago.
An uncertainty in the corn market both short-run and long- run is the apparent high rate of disappearance in the October-December period. Based on the USDA estimates of a 1965 U. S. crop of 4, 171 million bushels and the January 1 stocks of 4,099 million bushels, the first quarter disappearance was 1,242 million bushels — 7 1/2 percent higher than a year earlier and the largest on record.
Stice says this high rate may reflect high actual use due in part to the poor quality of corn in the northern Corn Belt, an over- estimate of the 1965 crop, or both. A more accurate estimate of the 1965-66 disappearance rate will be available at the end of April when second quarter rates can be calculated. Whether or not the 1965-66 disappearance is 100 to 200 million bushels over the February USDA estimate of 4, 132 million bushels is not a key factor in the short-run corn price outlook because of the large sales by the Commodity Credit Corporation.
From October 1, 1965, thru March 4, 1966, CCC sold 315 million bushels of corn and their total for the 1965-66 marketing season will likely be 375 to 400 million bushels. At the same time farmers put 197 million bushels of 1965 crop corn under loan. Therefore, as of now, "free market" supplies for the 1965-66 season are roughly 200 million bushels over official estimates of disappearance, without using the 197 million bushels of 1965 corn under loan. But market prices below current levels would get much of this corn redeemed.
For these reasons, the present corn market is being supported by the logistics of supply, Stice explains. Marketable supplies of corn are in excess of needs at current prices, but commercial stocks for immediate use and export are moderately tight.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
State FFA Judging Contest Saturday, April 2
URBANA- -Nearly 250 high school boys from about 50 chapters of the Illinois Future Farmers of America will compete in the State FFA Judging Contest at the University of Illinois on Saturday, April 2.
Meat and milk products will be judged at this contest, which is being held in the spring for the first time.
The meat contest will be held in the Stock Pavilion at the south end of the University of Illinois campus. John Baker, Bridgeport vice president of the Illinois Association of Vocational Agriculture Teachers (IAVAT) , is superintendent of this division.
Baker reports that contestants will judge one ring each of beef, pork and lamb carcasses, plus one ring each of wholesale beef and pork cuts. They will also grade one ring each of 10 beef and 10 lamb carcasses and identify one ring of 25 retail cuts of meat.
The milk products contest will be held in the Dairy Manufac- turing Building just east of the Stock Pavilion. Melvin J. Nicol, Maroa, president of the IAVAT and superintendent of this division, reports that contestants will criticize and score the flavor and odor of seven samples of milk and score seven sediment discs. They will also criticize and score seven milker unit heads.
Boys may compete as individuals or as members of three-man
teams. The winning teams in the State FFA Judging Contest will be
eligible to compete in the National FFA Judging Contests next fall.
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3/29/66
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Cattle Feeders Day Is April 14 In Urbana
URBANA- -Reports on all-concentrate rations for beef cattle; experiences with high-urea Illinois Ruminant Supplement 50; fortifying corn silage with non-protein-nitrogen; controlling beef cattle insects; and the present status of Vitamin A highlight the annual Illinois Cattle Feeders Day set for April 14 in Urbana.
The program also features the finals of Illinois' second statewide Beef Carcass of Tomorrow Contest. The winning carcasses wi^l be on exhibit.
Here's a brief run-down on research reports scheduled for the Cattle Feeders Day program: All-Concentrate Rations...
U. of I. animal scientists fed all-concentrate diets to 30 steers in drylot last summer and they found that such rations will give good gains and feed efficiency in finishing animals.
"Perhaps the most striking data from the study are the rates of gain for summer feeding and the feed efficiencies fcr steers this age," explains animal scientist Waco Albert. "Gains averaged 3.12 pounds daily for all steers in the study."
Albert says there was no evidence of liver damage in any of the steers. He will give a full report of the study during Cattle Feeders Day.
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Flies, lice and mites cost Illinois beef producers several million dollars annually by retarding beef cattle weight gains. U. of I. entomologist Steve Moore says there is no reason for insects to cause weight losses in the well-managed herd.
On Cattle Feeders Day, Moore will discuss the identification, life histories, habits and current controls for beef cattle insert pests. And he will outline an insect control program that he believes can mean an extra $8.00 profit per steer for Illinois cattle feeders. All-In-One Silages...
Recent U. of I. corn silage studies indicate that urea is a useful source of supplementary protein for corn silage whether you add it at ensiling or at feeding, according to researcher E. E. Hatfield.
However, there appeared to be some beneficial effect from adding concentrates at ensiling rather than at feeding. Gains on rations containing concentrates added at ensiling, and urea added at feeding, were significantly higher than gains on rations in which con- centrates and urea both were added at feeding.
Hatfield also will emphasize the important role cattle feed- ers have given corn silage in today's cattle feeding programs. Al- though the total acreage planted to corn has dropped afcout 25 percent during the past 20 years, corn acreage harvested for silage has jumped 300 percent. Gain Efficiency: Low For Long-Fed Steers...
How much money do you lose by feeding steers beyond the low- choice grade? More money than producers might expect, notes beef re- searcher J. E. Zimmerman.
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He will report a study which rhowed that yearling steers reached their maximum rate of gain between 28 and 56 days on feed. The trend was for rates of gain to drop during each succeeding 28-day period until slaughter.
Zimmerman points out that feed costs per 100 pounds gained were $3.00 to $4.00 higher for long-fed steers than for comparable steers fed to low-choice. Consider Using Urea...
Because protein meals probably will continue to cost more than urea supplements, it behooves commercial feeders to carefully consider using urea in their feeding programs, explains Illinois re- searcher U. S. Garrigus. He says results of University research can play a vital role in decisions farmers make about urea.
On Cattle Feeders Day, Garrigus will discuss in detail U. of I. feeding experiences with high-urea Illinois Ruminant Supple- ment 50. He'll report comparisons of soybean meal and high-urea sup- plements in growing-finishing rations; the effects of protein source (soybean or urea) and stilbestrol implants on cattle performance? and the effects of protein source and antibiotic level on performance of steers fed "all-concentrate" rations.
Cattle Feeders Day activities begin at 8s00 a.m. with an
open house at the U. of I. Beef Research Unit. The formal program
begins at 9:45 in the University Auditorium, with a welcome by Orville
Bentley, dean of the College of Agriculture. The student Block and
Bridle Club will serve a luncheon at noon.
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Match Planting And Harvesting Equipment For Narrow Corn Rows
URBANA — Planting width for narrow-row corn should be exactly matched to corn-head harvesting equipment if farmers want to save them- selves a lot of headaches this fall, particularly if they have to harvest downed corn.
"The problem comes in trying to harvest mismatched rows," explains Illinois ag engineer Wendell Bowers.
"If you plant 28-inch rows with a four-row planter and try to harvest with a four-row corn head spaced for 30-inch rows, you're going to leave some corn in the field.
"The guide row will be right in line with the picker head. However, the next two rows will be off two inches, and the fourth row will be four inches off the mark."
Bowers says the old rule of thumb with corn pickers was not to offset any single row of the picker more than one inch from the row being harvested. A two-row, 40-inch corn picker could be used to harvest 28-, 40- or 42-inch rows.
"But corn heads present a different problem, " he explains.
"They have snapper bars or plates that have 1 to 1 1/2 inches of clear
ance. If the stalks do not come directly into the center of the
snapper plates, there is a chance that the stalk will be pushed down
before the ear can be removed."
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Break-Even Point For Narrow-Row Crops
URBANA — University of Illinois agricultural economists say the break-even yield increase for narrow rows would be 2.6 bushels of soybeans at $2.50 per bushel for an owner-operator producing 100 acres each of corn and soybeans and in the process of replacing equipment. Any yield increase from narrow-row corn would represent a bonus.
This increase comes within the projection that narrow-row soybeans will yield 10 to 15 percent more than standard-spaced soy- beans.
In a recent analysis of costs for narrow-row crop production, the U. of I. economists found that added costs for 30-inch rows were $2.71 per row-crop acre on a farm with 200 acres planted to corn and $1.66 per acre for 400 acres of corn.
On a farm with 200 acres planted equally to corn and soy- beans, average added costs for narrow rows would be $3.26 per row-crop acre. For a farm with 400 acres planted equally to corn and soybeans, the average added cost would be $2.20 per row-crop acre.
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Economists Advise Crop-Share Tenant To Be Cautious In Adopting Narrow Rows
URBANA — University of Illinois agricultural economists caution the farmer with a 50-50 crop-share lease to remember that he must bear most of the costs of changing to narrow-row production while sharing only half the yield increase.
In this situation the projected break-even soybean yield increase for the tenant who has 200 acres planted equally to corn and. soybeans, and is in the process of replacing equipment, would be 4.5 bushels per acre. This yield is very close to the upper limits sug- gested by agronomists.
Economists believe that the crop-share tenant would ne<"': to project yield increases for both soybeans and corn if he were to base his decision to adopt narrow rows on input-output budgets alone.
Agronomists point out that farmers should not expect corn
yield increases from the effect of narrow-rov; spacing alone unti 1 they
are approaching optimum yields from the use of fertilizer, adapted
varieties and other production practices.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Tests Cooling And Low-Temperature Drying For Wet Corn Storage
Note to Illinois Editorsz See the April AGRI-PIX for photos to accom- pany this story.
URBANA--A new high-moisture corn storage facility that may restore to farmers the corn marketing flexibility corn combines 1 ook away has been tested successfully on the University of Illinois Agri- cultural Engineering Research Farm.
This new corn storage and conditioning unit is ca_led a Frigidome. The igloo-shaped aluminum structure cools corn to 40 F. immediately after harvest for safe storage. Then it begins drying the corn through a process U. of I. ag engineers have termed dehydrofrigi- dation — or low-temperature drying.
In tests beginning last November, U. of I. researchers loaded 900,000 pounds of shelled corn averaging 23 percent moisture into one of the experimental domes.
"We removed the corn after three months of storage and con- ditioning, " ag engineer G. C. Shove explains. "Quality of the lower layers of dried grain was good to excellent."
The U. of I. researchers noted some deterioration in the upper wet layers of corn. However, they believe it was due mainly to a lack of sufficient conditioning equipment. During storage the equipment removed 65,000 pounds of water, dropping the average mois- ture of corn in the bin by five percent.
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Shove believes the U. of I. study proves that chilling or freezing is a practical method for holding high-moisture corn. He estimates that a 25, OOO-bushel-capacity dome would hold 24-percent- moisture corn at 40° F. for 40 days at a cost of less than one cent per bushel.
Researchers say more experience is needed in drying grain at low temperatures before precise drying methods and cost figures can be worked out. However, they believe the process can compete economi- cally with present-day drying methods. The system will probably require 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 kilowatt-hours per bushel to dry corn from 24 percent to 15 1/2 percent moisture.
The U. of I. specialists say the equipment used to cool corn in the dome can also be used to freeze the grain if farmers want long- term storage. The Frigidome Corporation of Peoria plans to have simi- lar domes on the market in time for the 1966 corn crop.
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Aq Chemical Executive Says Ban?<s Should Finance Farmers
CHICAGO — The USDA predicts that by 197 5 U. S. farmers will be spending more than $3 billion a year on fertilizers, 63.7 percent more than in 1964, and an estimated $8 billion for pesticides, 56.4 percent more than was spent in 1964, according to an American Oil Company executive.
A. M. Johnston recently told an Agricultural Industries Forum audience here that although these figures indicate the ag- chemical business is one of the most rapidly growing areas of our economy, this growth carries a triple challenge.
There is the challenge to producers to develop increasingly sophisticated products to meet farm demand; the challenge to ag- chemical distributors to sell farmers on their products in order to realize maximum profits from this demand? and the challenge to the financial community to find ways to provide credit for expanded pur- chases of ag-chemicals.
Johnston pointed out that most producers and distributors have met the first two challenges. And he said that the industry was also willing to meet the third challenge although it is an area en- tered by force rather than choice. This situation is true because banks, PCAs and other traditional lending agencies are not filling the credit needs of farmers to the extent they should.
The area of short-term loans is one in which the industry can work intelligently, Johnston said. And his company would be asking for "competitive catastrophe" if it did not make short-term help avail- able to customers.
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But interim-term financing, often called "harvest terms," is the category into which most ag-chemical financing falls, and the industry doesn't know enough about this kind of financing to extend credit as intelligently as it should.
Johnston stated that agribusinesses would like to see banks, PCAs and other lending institutions assume the credit load they now carry. But it is not enough for these institutions to say they are willing to do so, he added. They must show a genuine readiness to underwrite the use of ag-chemicals and to offer loan arrangements that will save the farmer money.
Johnston believes that bankers must be willing to finance the optimum amounts of ag-chemicals farmers need. All too often tra- ditional lending institutions "build half a bridge" in loans for agri- business, he said.
The cha] Icngc to Americ9n agri culture is to feed our own
rapidly growing population and to help feed an increasingly hungry
world, Johnston concluded. If farmers are to meet this challenge,
they must invest more heavily in ag chemicals and have ready access
to the capital and credit needed to do so.
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Face Fly Decline
Face fly numbers have dropped dramatically in Illinois during the past two years. This disappearing act is not in itself a problem. But University of Illinois entomologists are eager to determine what caused it. The cause may be a key to future control of this livestock pest.
The face fly first established itself in Illinois in 1959. Numbers quickly soared. By 1962-63 these flies were a definite eco- nomic problem. Then in 1964-65 numbers dropped drastically. The cause is still a mystery. Dairy farmers had treated cows with an effective poison bait. But entomologists say that normally this treatment does not appreciably affect general field populations.
Studies last summer ruled out the possibility that parasites were attacking face fly pupae. Entomologists now are questioning whether Illinois weather was unusually favorable for face flies from 1960 through 1963 and much less favorable during the past two years.
If so, in most years the face fly may not be economically important. But it's too early to make reliable judgments, entomolo- gists explain. They plan to keep a close watch on the situation during the coming year.
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Plant For Higher Corn Yields
University of Illinois agronomist George McKibben says yields from high-population corn will be no lower than those from low- population corn in dry years. He advises corn growers to be optimis- tic about moisture and to plant at the higher rates.
In population tests during 1964 — a very dry season — at the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center, McKibben found that high, low and medium planting rates produced the same yields. Low populations pro- duced heavier ears, but no more total grain than higher populations. Yields were 71 bushels per acre from 11,000 plants, 70 bushols from 15,000 plants and 73 bushels from IS, 000 plants.
Moisture was more favorable for the 1965 population tests at Dixon Springs. Yields were 125, 137 and 147 bushels for respective populations of 12,000, 16,000 and 20,000 plants per acre.
"Don't expect corn that is not growing in the field to pro- duce a yield," McKibben advises. "The pessimist, expecting limited moisture, fails to realize a full yield, potential and gains nothing, even in dry years, by planting at lower rates."
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Haste Makes Waste In Stored Corn
URBANA — Illinois corn producers who hurried when storing their corn Inst fall should check their bins closely now, warns Uni- versity of Illinois plant pathologist Mai Shurtleff. The combination of down corn and hi-jh^.r-than-average moisture corn could mean an out- break of storage rots in corn this spring as air temperatures beccr.a high enough to permit fungi to grow, says Shurtleff.
Storage rots may develop on either shelled corn in a b^n or cribbed ear corn if the moisture content of tho kernels is excessive. Storage rots reduce the feeding value of grain and lower the market grade if the corn is sold. Sometimes certain rot-prcducing fungi will form toxins and hormones that may seriously affect livestock.
The first exterrel symptom is the development of mold on and between the kernels. However, damage may occur within the kernel before growth or symptoms are visible from the outside. Meld colors vary greatly. Molds may be blue, bluish-green, green, tan, white, black or pinkish-red. When storage molds develop, the kernels often cake together to form a crust, usually at the center and top of a bin. Infested bins have a musty odor.
Twenty-five or more different fungi cause storage rots. No one storage mold attacks corn over a wide rnnge of moistures and tem- peratures, but each fungus specie acts like a bucket brigade. All storage-rotting molds give off heat and moisture which, in turn, are utilized by their successors to speed up rotting of the stored grain, Shurtleff points out.
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Shelled corn in tight bins should store safely at 12 to 13 percent moisture or less. Ear corn testing 16 to 18 percent moisture or less should be safe from storage rots. When testing for moisture percentage, the highest moisture content, rather than the "average" determines storability, says Shurtleff. Bin-stored corn should be probed often for hot spots, which indicate that active spoilage is taking place.
When hot spots or a crust of moldy grain are found, Shurt- leff advises taking the following corrective measures:
1. The rotted and moldy corn should be removed, dried and either sold or fed. Moldy corn should be fed with caution to all classes of livestock. If mixed with sound corn, it can be fed with less risk to cattle and hogs being finished for market. Moldy corn is considered unsafe for all breeding animals.
2. The moisture content of the remaining corn should be checked.
3. The remaining corn should be turner"! and thoroughly mixed to redistribute moisture and allow heat to escape.
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JJFrbh 4/5/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. S. Must Compete To Sell Surpluses In World Markets
CHICAGO--If the U. S. is to continue disposing of surpluses on world markets, she must be willing to trade with other nations at competitive prices, according to a University of Illinois livestock marketing economist.
E. E. Broadbent reported recently at an Agricultural Indus- tries Forum session that this solution is the only really feasible one that will permit the desired economic growth of our country. And this alternative is preferable to continuing to give away our surplus pro- duction, attempting to absorb our surpluses at home, or hoping that we can lower production costs and compete with lower priced products.
"Some people have suggested that the U. S. foreign beef marketing program has been developed in response to pressure from mi- nority groups, " Broadbent said. "Others have suggested that the for- eign beef promotional publicity has been produced by promoters who know there is no practical way at present for a volume of U. S. choice beef to compete on Europe's lean meat market."
In analyzing the situation, Broadbent said that three years ago U. S. beef producers could not supply hamburger and manufactured- type beef to U. S. consumers as cheaply as foreign suppliers could pro- vide it. And they could not sell surplus finished, beef on U. S. mar- kets and still maintain "choice" beef prices as high as some producers wished.
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In recent years western Europe and Japan have raised their income levels. More consumers want more lean meat and are willing to pay for it. But the basic world meat demand is still for lean beef that can be produced on farms almost anywhere in the world and bought from favored nations more cheaply than from the U. S.
Costs for transporting American meats to European markets are high. The European Common Market countries that could absorb our surpluses have set a tariff on meat that raises the foreign meat im- port price to the EEC domestic price. We can compete on these markets with our variety meats, hides and tallow, but they do not want our meats, Broadbent said.
He pointed out that many nations want the U. S. to open her meat market to world trade. These countries think we are inconsistent to restrict our meat imports and still attempt to compete on a free world market basis.
The U. S. wants to expand her export feed market, Broadbent said. But we must decide whether it will be worth more to feed the surplus feeds and accept lower meat prices in the U. S. or to export the surplus feeds.
Hard currency countries will obviously take our products at bargain prices, Broadbent noted. They have funds to pay for our goods, but alternative meat suppliers provide a greater tonnage of the kind of meat they want for lower prices than we will accept.
He cited Denmark as a country that uses U. S. surplus feeds to prodv -e meat. Since Danish producers are subject to volume and price controls, market planners can set the pvice on any export market.
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And the chairman of the marketing board maintains that Danish products
will not be underpriced on any free market.
Broadbent believes that, if we want our surplus meat to
compete on foreign markets, we will have to be competitive and accept
lower prices. Although this action may hurt a few people, the results
may benefit society generally, he said.
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JAP:bh 4/8/66
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Special: UI Cattle Feeders Day
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M., APRIL 14, 1966
Test Hormones To Improve Bull Beef
URBANA—Stilbestrol implants boosted bull gains in a recent University of Illinois test aimed to determine whether hormone-treated bulls could produce the same high-quality beef as steers. However, the implants did not improve bull carcass beef to a level readily acceptable by today's meat industry standards.
U. of I. animal scientist George Cmarik reported the work in a paper handed out here today during the Illinois Cattle Feeders Day program.
Cmarik said that Illinois scientists wanted to know whether they could utilize the bull's potential for fast and efficient gains-- and at the same time use hormones to make bull beef more acceptable to consumers.
"Bulls in the study were implanted with 24, 48, 96 and 192 milligrams of stilbestrol, " he explained. "We also gave 48 milligrams of stilbestrol to one lot of steers. One control lot each of bulls and steers received no stilbestrol."
Cmarik noted that at the end of the test implanted steers weighed 15.5 percent more than untreated steers, but 13 percent less than bulls treated with an equal amount of stilbestrol.
Bulls receiving 24 milligrams of stilbestrol gained about 4 percent faster than those getting none, and bulls receiving 48
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milligrams gained 4.5 percent faster than those getting 24 milligrams. However, stilbestrol implants in excess of 48 milligrams per head pro- duced smaller gains.
Cmarik said that flavor and tenderness ratings were not yet available from the study. However, the U. of I. researcher noted that stilbestrol did not appear to improve bull beef to a point that would be acceptable to American consumers.
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HDNrbh 4/8/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Shop For Soybean Seed, UI Agronomist Advises
URBANA--A University of Illinois agronomist has this advice for Illinois farmers still looking for soybean seed: "Do plenty of shopping around, and pay particular attention to the germination."
W. 0. Scott says that the Illinois Crop Improvement Associa- tion reports good supplies of recommended soybean varieties except for the newly developed Wayne.
"This would be a particularly good year to invest in certi- fied seed," says Scott. "To meet standard requirements, certified se«d must test at least 80 percent in germination. Last year's harvest v/as delayed two or three weeks in parts of southern Illinois. As a result, much of the seed is carrying a fungus commonly known as pod and. stem blight."
The ICIA says that average germination of some recommended varieties grown in southern Illinois dipped as low as 76 percent. The area where delayed harvest--and, in some cases, resulting low- germinating beans — was common, lies south of a line from Mattoon to Alton. But high-germinating beans are available from this area, says Scott. Local farm advisers have lists of certified soybean seed growers that will aid in "shopping" efforts.
Scott says a 1965 drillbox survey of 456 samples showed that more than 51 percent of the farmers interviewed had not tested for germination. Over three-fourths of them had used their own beans for seed or bought from a neighbor.
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Only 12 percent of the farmers surveyed had used certified seed. Another 8 percent said they had planted certified seed, but no tags were present to prove certification. Under these conditions—and with low-germinating beans on the market — many Illinois farmers may be planting plenty of headaches this spring along with their beans, says Scott.
The soybean drillbox survey was a cooperative effort of the
University of Illinois College of Agriculture Cooperative Extension
Service, the Illinois State Department of Agriculture Seed Control
Division and the Illinois Crop Improvement Association. Forty-one
extension farm advisers collected the samples.
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JJF:bh 4/8/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
URBANA, ILLINOIS
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Special: UI Cattle Feeders Day
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M., APRIL 14, 1966
UI Steers Gain Well On All-Concentrate Diets
URBANA — University of Illinois animal scientists fed all- concentrate diets to 30 steers in drylot last summer and they found that the rations will give good gains and feed efficiency in finishing animals.
Animal scientist Waco Albert reported the work here today during the annual Illinois Cattle Feeders Day program. He said half of the yearling steers in the study received an all-concentrate corn- soybean meal diet and the rest were fed an all-concentrate corn-dehy- urea ration.
"Perhaps the most striking data from the study are the rates of gain for summer feeding and the feed efficiencies for steers this age, " Albert said.
"Gains averaged 3^16 pounds daily for steers on the corn- soybean diet and 3.06 for those receiving the corn-urea ration. The 30 steers averaged 5.77 pounds of feed per pound of gain."
Albert said there was no evidence that the ration had any effect on vitamin A stores or caused liver damage in the steers.
"We mixed either 10-, 20- or 40-grams of antibiotic per ton into the rations, " he said. "Apparently the lowest level was effective in preventing liver damage."
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Albert said the steers were fed only hay during a preliminary rest period before the study began. They then received the new all- concentrate rations to appetite.
"Voluntary consumption was about 8 pounds of ration per head daily for the first week, but after that rose about 1/3 pound daily until the steers were averaging 22 pounds of concentrate each day. There were a few days after cool nights in September when consumption reached 25 pounds per head daily. "
Albert said there was some evidence of loose feces in a few steers during the second and third week of the test. However, after the fourth week, consistency of the feces appeared normal.
"We saw no symptoms of lameness due to founder, " Albert noted. "However, some steers developed some foot-rot in the back feet. Normal treatment cleared up the foot problems within a couple of weeks."
Researchers observed that the steers seldom chewed their cud or gave any visible indications of rumination during the test. Albert said the steers did not appear uncomfortable. He described them as docile without sluggishness.
"Visitors often remarked about the 'lack of middles' or 'trimness' the steers exhibited," Albert explained. "These were sub- jective evaluations, but borne out somewhat by the high dressing per- cent of the animals when they were slaughtered."
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HDNrbh 4/12/66
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M., APRIL 14, 1966
Special: UI Cattle Feeders Day
Yearlings Make Maximum Gains Between 28 And 56 Days On Feed
URBANA — Feed costs per 100 pounds gained were $3.00 to $4. CO higher for long-fed steers than for comparable steers fed to low-choice in recent University of Illinois tests.
Animal scientist J. E. Zimmerman reported the work, here to- day during the annual Illinois Cattle Feeders Day program. He said two lots of 10 yearling Hereford steers and two lots of 10 Hereford steer calves were used in the study.
"We fed one lot of calves and one lot of yearlings until they were graded low-choice on the hoof, " Zimmerman explained. "The other two lots were fed for at least 200 pounds additional gain."
Zimmerman said the yearlings reached their maximum rate of gain between 28 and 56 days on feed. The trend was for rates of gain to drop during each succeeding 28-day period until they were slaugh- tered after 308 days on feed.
"The average rate of gain for the last 112 days was only 50 percent as great as for the first 84 days, " Zimmerman said. "Feed cost stayed about $20.00 per hundredweight gain for each period after 196 days on feed and averaged $26.03 for the last 112 days."
Feed costs per 100 pounds gained over the entire feeding period were $17.89 for the long-fed steers and $13.93 for the steers fed to low-choice.
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The study showed similar results for the calves. They reached maximum average gains after 224 days on feed when they weighed about 980 pounds. Gain for each successive 28-day period after that was well under 2 pounds per day and averaged 1.50 pounds daily from 224 to 392 days.
"The calves showed a constant increase in both feed required per pound of gain and feed cost per hundredweight gain after 56 days on feed, " Zimmerman explained. "Feed cost per hundred pounds gained averaged $26.35 from 224 days on feed to the end of the experiment."
Carcass data showed the long-fed steers with three to four percent higher dressing percent and 11 percent larger loin-eye areas. The steers graded one-third to one-half grade higher in both quality and conformation grade.
"However, these advantages were offset by the much
wastier carcasses from the long-fed steers," Zimmerman said. "The
extra trim fat resulted in a 5 percent lower retail yield for the
calves and a 12 percent lower retail yield for the yearlings."
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M., APRIL 14, 1966
Special: UI Cattle Feeders Day
Steers Gain Best On Concentrates Added At Feeding In U. Of I. Tests
URBANA — University of Illinois research shows that urea is a useful protein source for steers whether it's added to corn silage at ensiling or feeding. But, energy concentrates gave best gains when added at ensiling.
Animal scientist E. E. Hatfield reported the work here today during the annual Illinois Cattle Feeders Day program.
"Gains averaged 2.51 pounds daily for stilbestrol-implanted steers fed corn silage with concentrate added at ensiling and urea added at feeding, " Hatfield said. "This compared with gsins of only 1.87 pounds daily for steers fed silage with both urea and concentrate added at feeding."
Forty-eight Hereford steers were used in the study which compared corn silage rations supplemented, with urea or concentrates or both at ensiling or at feeding. One steer group received silage with concentrates added at ensiling and soybean meal at feeding.
"Average daily gains on silage with urea and concentrate added at ensiling were not significantly different from silage supple- mented with concentrates at ensiling and soybean meal at feeding, " Hatfield explained.
The study supported recommendations that corn silage for steers be supplemented with more protein than is supplied by concen- trates only. Average daily gain of steers on silage supplemented with concentrate but no additional protein was significantly lower than gains on any other treatment.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
NIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Special: UI Cattle Feeders Day
Haylage, Corn Silage Give Similar Gains In UI Tests With Steer Calves
URBANA — Feedlot performance and carcass merit were almost identical for steers fed high-moisture corn and either corn silage, haylage or a combination of corn silage and haylage in a recent Uni- versity of Illinois study.
Animal scientist J. E. Zimmerman reported the work in a paper handed out here during the recent Illinois Cattle Feeders Day.
Forty Hereford steers weighing about 460 pounds were divided into four lots for use in this test. Steers in all lots received high- moisture corn totaling one percent of their body weight for the first 112 days of the test and then received a full feed of high-moisture corn to the end of the experiment.
"Average daily gains were 2.25 pounds daily for steers re- ceiving corn silage supplemented with 1.25 pounds of soybean meal daily, and 2.13 pounds for those receiving corn silage and 1 pound of soybean meal per day, " Zimmerman explained.
"Steers receiving haylage as the only roughage gained 2.14 pounds daily. Those getting both haylage and corn silage gained 2.13 pounds daily. None of the haylage-fed steers received soybean meal."
Researchers figured feed costs per 100 pounds gained at $14.39 for corn-silage-fed steers getting 1.25 pounds of soybean meal daily, and $14.82 for these on corn silage and 1 pound of soybean meal daily.
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Haylage-fed steers cost $13.89 per 100 pounds of gain com- pared with $14.02 per 100 pounds for steers getting both haylage and corn silage.
"Steer carcasses from ail lots were similar in most respects, with no significant differences in dressing percent, carcass grades or retail yield, " Zimmerman said.
In similar trials in 1963 and 1954, gains for steers receiv- ing corn silage dropped off toward the end of the trials in late June, July and August, Zimmerman noted. Since this latest test ended in early July, it's pcssible that the weather did not affect the results so much as in previous years.
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HDN:bh 4/15/66
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Special: UI Cattle Feeders Day
Limestone Equally Effective When Added At Ensiling Or At Feeding
URBANA--University of Illinois tests show that limestone is equally effective in promoting beef gains whether it's added to si- lage during ensiling or at feeding.
"Average daily gain was 1.38 pounds for calves getting si- lage with limestone added at ensiling and 1.37 pounds for those fed silage with limestone added at feeding," animal scientist George Cmarik reported, at the annual Illinois Cattle Feeders Day program.
Thirty-two yearling steers were divided into four lots for use in the study. One lot received silage with limestone added at ensiling; another received silage with no limestone. Researchers fed the third lot silage with limestone added at feeding and gave the fourth lot silage with dicalcium phosphate added at feeding.
All of the steers were fed soybean meal at a rate of 1 1/2 pounds daily per animal. The limestone was added at a rate of 10 pounds per ton of silage.
Feed consumption by the four lots was essentially equal,
Cmarik explained. Calves receiving no limestone gained more slowly
and. less efficiently than those getting limestone either at feeding
or at ensiling.
Calves getting the dicalcium phosphate made the slowest and
least efficient gains in the study. Calves receiving no calcium
gained 1.27 pounds daily, and those getting dicalcium phosphate gained
only .64 pound per day.
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HDN:bh 4/15/66
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JEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
JIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Early Corn Planting Pays
URBANA — More and more of the state's corn farmers are real- izing that early planting means increased yields. "Dramatic increases in corn yields in the past few years reflect this realization, " says University of Illinois agronomist Bill Pardee.
"Top corn producers know that they lose one or two bushels a day for every day they postpone planting after they could have got- ten into the field. Corn will germinate and grow any time the soil temperature, at a four-inch depth, reaches 50 degrees F."
The early-planting corn farmer in southern Illinois gets his crop in as soon after April 1 as he can. In the central part of the state, April 20 is the date to shoot for. In northern Illinois, the corn farmer gambling on the odds for increased yields through early planting tries to hit an early May — after May 1 — date.
Light and moisture play a large role in the corn plant's response to early planting. Early-planted corn has well developed leaves by the longest day of the year — June 21 — and uses light more efficiently than late-planted corn. Light is a necessary first ingre- dient in the production of starch, which ultimately makes the corn kernel. Nowadays corn is better off if it is knee-high by June 4 in- stead of July 4, as the old adage pointed out, says Pardee.
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In the average corn growing season, dry, hot weather is most likely to occur in late July and early August. Late-planted corn usually tassels about this time. And since tasseling and pollination are the most critical times in the life of the corn plant, hot and dry weather at this time can really "fracture" yields, Pardee says. Early-planted corn tassels in early July, when the chances for rain are better, temperatures are lower and the soil is less dry, he adds.
There are other advantages to early planting. A given hybrid planted early produces a shorter stalk with a lower ear than the same hybrid planted later. Shorter stalks with low-set ears usually mean less lodging. And early-maturing corn helps to ease the rush to the elevator at harvest time, Pardee points out.
Early planting necessarily carries some disadvantages too, says the agronomist. Weed and insect problems are greater then. So is the danger of frost. Use of preemergence herbicides is more impor- tant in early-planted corn. The same is true of insecticides. Most modern corn farmers are using both. Of course, under early planting conditions, use of high-germinating seed-corn is a must, says Pardee.
Frost is a hard problem to lick, especially when it occurs in June and July, as it did last year in northern Illinois. But corn usually rebounds from frost damage, says Pardee. The early planter who is gambling on better yields also still has the option to replant if frost hits. The late planter has no option, the agronomist points out.
In the average year, frost won't be a problem. "Illinois farmers still must gamble on the average," Pardee explains. "And the one- to two-bushel gain per day for early planting appears worth gam- bling on, since more and more farmers are planting early."
JJFtbh ~30~
4/19/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FFA State Awards Day Is April 23 In Urbana
URBANA- -Eighty-f ive outstanding Illinois Future Farmers of America will vie for 17 state FFA Foundation awards on Saturday, April 23, at the University of Illinois, Urbana.
The FFA members competing for the state awards have already won chapter, sectional and district awards. Official presentation of these awards will be made at the State FFA Convention in June.
The Illinois FFA Foundation gives plaques and awards in 17 areas: star state farmer; beef, corn, dairy, poultry, sheep, small grain, soybean and swine production; farm and home beautif ication; farm and home electrification; farm mechanics, farm safety, soil and water management, crop farming, crop specialty and livestock farming.
FFA members from this area competing in the state finals are: (See attached list for names of state finalists from your area.)
The FFA boys competing for these honors represent more than 16,000 vocational agriculture students. FFA award activities supple- ment the planned educational program of vocational agriculture in 440 Illinois high schools.
Judges for the state award finals will be vocational agri- culture supervisors and teachers and College of Agriculture staff members.
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GAKrbh 4/19/66
DISTRICT FFA FOUNDATION AWARD WINNERS
Note to Editors: The following is a list of the FFA members competing for 17 state FFA Foundation awards on Saturday, April 23, in Urbana.
Award Field
Star State Farmer
Name
Milton Spencer Lyle Roberts, Jr Roger Rutherford. Bill Rut ledge David Meyer
Town (FFA Chapter)
Williamsfield Normal Virden Farmer City Nashville
Farm Mechanics
Farm and Home Electrification
Roger Lippens Bill Kenetz Don Stults Gary Littlejohn John Hoerr
James Jacobs Bill Halpin Garry Niemeyer Kenneth Parish James Peters
Prophetstown
For rest-Str awn-Wing
Carlinville
Casey
Valmeyer
Geneseo Cullom Auburn Paris
McLeansboro
Soil and Water Management
John Stufflebean Tim Fitch Perry Rathgaber Don Bauer Jim Doll
Geneseo
Belvidere
Carlinville
Windsor
Greenville
Farm Safety
Don Bantz Bill West Don Lantz Roger Hedges Ricky Henderson
Williamsfield
Belvidere
Paxton
Canton
McLeansboro
Dairy Production
Small Grain
Larry Day
Gale Wiegand
Carl Summers
Lee Allen Rutan, Jr
Paul Pyatt
James Stesses Dan Kelley Richard Stiltz Dennis Marxmann Jim Cobb
Oregon
Danvers
East Pike (Milton)
Bismarck
Pinckneyville
Elizabeth
Normal
Petersburg
Effingham
Kinmundy
Farm and Home Beaut if icat ion
Boyd Harrell Daniel Maack Ray Edwards Jim Anderson Richard Secrest
Rock Falls
Tonica
Buffalo
Paxton
Odin
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Award Field
Crop Farming
Livestock Farming
Crop Specialty
Beef Production
Swine Production
Sheep Production
Poultry Production
Corn Production
Soybean Production
Name
Carl Grossman Larry Stilwell Gary Apel Charles Stuemky Albert Finley
Ronald Neumann Dave Garner John Grosboll Robert McNabb Allan Schickedanz
Wendell Marple Donald DeYoung Pete Scuba Steve Bailey Rodney Reavis
Henry Yeagle Roger Boitnott David Mies Robert Almy, Jr. Calvin Twenhafle
Forrest Pritchard Dave Thompson Bruce Worthington Robert Bidner Jerry Bible
Lee Liable Roger Senesac Dale Stephens Mike Menges Larry Bauer
Richard Siedenburg Larry Neukomm Alan Pepper Chris Bohland Lyle Sasse
Ray Eissens John Dameron Gregg Olson Dan Schick Louis Primus
Dan O'Brien Richard. Wrede Wayne Starman Don Vance Norman McKinney
Town (FFA Chapter)
Amboy
Tonica
Lincoln
Altamont
Ramsey
Geneseo
Watseka
Petersburg
Paris
Marissa
Rock Ridge St. Anne Gillespie Farmer City Greenville
Orangeville Normal Waver ly Georgetown Marissa
Prophetstown
Newark
Petersburg
Mahomet
N. Clay (Louisville)
Washburn
Manteno
Lincoln
Bismarck
Triad (St. Jacob)
Mt. Carroll
Cisna Park
Avon
Moweaqua
Farina (LaGrove)
Thomson
Normal
Bushnell
Maroa
Lawrenceville
Wenona
Crescent City (Iroquois)
Bowen
Leroy
Cisne
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MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
NIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
10,000 U. S. Farmers Keep Records
On Electronic Computers, IH Exec Says
CHICAGO — More than 10,000 U. S. farmers are estimated to be keeping farm records on electronic data processing equipment, primarily through university programs, an International Harvester research execu- tive reports.
Lavon Fife, general supervisor of market research, recently told an Agricultural Industries Forum audience that, through the use of computers, detailed and accurate records and enterprise cost ac- counting are now a reality.
The degree of computer service offered to farmers varies from area to area, Fife said. And programs are generally flexible enough to allow the cooperating farmer some choice as to the amount of detail he must submit. But limited data will also limit the kind of analysis he can receive at the end of the quarter or year.
Some of the more complete programs provide participating farms with detailed summaries on a monthly and yearly basis for each productive farm enterprise. These summaries include a complete record of quantities, prices and values of sales and also a complete record of all expenses classified by type, including the allocation of over- head costs to the enterprise. The statement also shows the net profit or loss for the enterprise.
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Operators of large cattle- feeding enterprises are using com- puters to determine the formulation of feeds to produce maximum gains at minimum costs. Such a program requires the accurate analysis of
I feed nutrients. As a result, more and more cattle feeders are buying feed on the basis of nutrient value rather than on the basis of weight, because there appears to be a wider variation in the nutrient value of a given feed than was suspected, Fife said.
The computer can calculate a plan that is potentially the most profitable from among several alternative courses. It takes into consideration the price of cattle, price of feed, nutritional require- ments of the cattle, size and type of cattle, length of time on feed and price quotations on the future market.
Fertilizer companies have recently developed computer pro- grams to plan the best fertilizer program for a given farm. The com- puter considers the combined effect of soil moisture, soil temperature, soil types and fertility levels and then determines the optimum amount and kind of fertilizer to be used for a particular crop on a particular field with a particular set of weather conditions.
Fife noted that some of the more complete computer record- keeping systems provide for the collection and analysis of use and cost data for tractors and machinery. Cost per hour of use is calcu- lated and allocated to each enterprise on the basis of use. Depre- ciation schedules are programmed into the computer and are used in developing equipment costs for income tax record purposes.
Some programs have been written to help farmers determine
the best combination of power and machines to perform the specific
operations for a farm of a given type, size and location.
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JAP:bh 4/22/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Strong Demand For 1966 Aq College Graduates
URBANA — Agricultural college graduates are finding unusually good employment opportunities this spring.
Sales and management opportunities in agricultural business and industry are the largest areas of demand, says Warren K. Wessels, placement officer at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture,
Need for vocational agriculture teachers and cooperative ex- tension workers also is great, Wessels points out. However, demand is strong in all areas for men with a college education in agriculture. Placement workers all over the country indicate that employment oppor- tunities are better than they were last year.
Salaries for 1965 graduates with the bachelor of science degree averaged $6,144; with the master of science degree, $7,488? and with the doctor of philosophy degree, $10,128.
Of the B. S. degree graduates in 1965, 26 percent continued graduate study or professional education; 9 percent went into educa- tional and extension work; 10 percent went into farming and farm management; 9 percent entered governmental careers; 13 percent were serving in the military service; and 26 percent were working in pri- vate industry. Six percent went into other classifications.
The annual survey for midwestern land-grant institutions was made by Ronald Kay, placement officer for the Iowa State Univer- sity College of Agriculture at Ames with Wessels' cooperation. Uni- versities participating in the survey were Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Lincoln, Michigan State, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio State, Purdue, South Dakota and Wisconsin.
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WKW:RAJ:bh 4/22/66
MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
MIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Crime In North Central States Increases 3 Percent In 1965
URBANA — A preliminary FBI report for 1965 shows a 3 percent increase over 1964 in the crime index for the North Central States compared with a 5 percent increase for the nation as a whole. In the United States, all crime classifications increased in volume, accord- ing to University of Illinois rural sociologist D. E. Lindstrom.
Rural area crime rates in 1965 were 4 percent higher than 1964 rates, Lindstrom says. This percentage is the lowest for all areas, but only 1 percent below the rate for cities of more than 25,000. The suburban crime rate was 8 percent higher in 1965 than in 1964.
Lindstrom notes these significant changes for rural areas:
— The murder rate has increased 18 percent, a considerably higher increase than in urban areas.
— Larceny of $50 and more in value has increased 9 percent, 1 percent below that for suburban areas.
— Aggravated assault and burglary each increased 3 percent.
— Decreases were recorded for forcible rape, robbery and auto theft.
Geographically, the Western States had the highest crime index increase, with 9 percent. The Southern States were last with an increase of 1 percent.
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Reports show that during 1965 police cleared,by arrest of the offender, 90 percent of the murder offenses, 65 percent of the forcible rapes, 37 percent of the robberies, 72 percent of the aggra- vated assaults, 24 percent of the burglaries, 19 percent of the lar- cenies and 26 percent of the auto thefts.
Arrests of offenders under 18 years of age increased by 3 percent, while arrests of adults increased 1 percent.
Lindstrom says that the FBI report points out that crime
is a social problem and should concern the entire community. The
efforts of law enforcement groups are limited to factors within their
control.
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JAP:bh 4/26/66
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IEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
IVERS1TY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. Of I. Studies Oxidation Ditch For Odorless Swine Waste Disposal
NOTE TO ILLINOIS EDITORS: See AGRI-PIX for photo to accompany this story.
URBANA — A confinement hog house that is self-cleaning and odorless and almost completely eliminates the labor in manure disposal is the goal of swine research now under way at the University of Illi- nois.
Major components of the building's experimental waste- treatment unit are a water-filled oxidation ditch under partially slotted floors, and a paddle wheel not unlike those that powered the old stern-wheelers of Mark Twain's day.
Object of the paddle wheel is to keep manure solids sus- pended and continuously circulating around the ditch, and to splash enough oxygen into the water to promote aerobic bacterial action.
Aerobic bacteria are the "good guys" in the U. of I. waste disposal studies. They attack and decompose manure solids without creating the offending gases and odors that their cousins, the anaero- bic bacteria, have caused in many of the nation's confinement systems.
Illinois ag engineer D. L. Day says laboratory studies last year indicated that aerobic bacteria could do a satisfactory job of stabilizing liquid swine waste without creating odors. The process did not attract flies.
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This spring researchers moved their experiments out of the laboratory into a 100-pig finishing building constructed specifically for the waste-treatment studies.
The center of the building is partially slotted/ with an oval oxidation ditch, 8 feet by 30 feet, located under the slats. The slotted section serves two sets of pens built back to back. The floor slopes 1/2 inch per foot from each side of the building, down to the water-filled ditch in the center.
A wall splits the middle of the ditch, but leaves both ends open so water can circulate from the paddle wheel around the other side of the ditch and back to the wheel again. The paddle wheel is powered by a 3/4-horsepower motor.
Some factors researchers want to check with the experimental unit are what initial dilution of aerobic bacteria is needed to get the unit in operation and to maintain it, and how much oxidation-ditch volume is required per pig. They also want to find the power require- ments needed for the wheel to churn enough oxygen into the water for most effective bacterial action.
Day points out that the oxidrttAon ditch idea for waste dis- posal was developed in Holland. At least one of the systems is now in experimental use in the United States for disposing of municipal waste It's located in Glenwood, Minnesota, and is the only treatment plant for the town's 3,000 population.
"One of the more interesting uses of the oxidation ditch for swine is in Scotland," Day explains. "Researchers there have put a shallow ditch inside a swine building, and it feeds into a larger oxi- dation ditch outside."
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Day says this system might have merit for keeping swine waste in the building aerobic until it is periodically moved out to a large oxidation ditch for final treatment. Several buildings might discharge into the one outside ditch.
Day notes that the U. of I. waste-oxidation studies are in
the early experimental stage. Research results will not be available
for some time.
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HDNrbh 4/28/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE FE LEASE
Market Supplies Of Corn Will Be Large During Summer Months
URBANA — Recently released USDA estimates of the April 1 grain inventory have confirmed important facts that will influence corn price trends this spring and summer, according to University of Illinois grain marketing economist L. F. Stice.
The USDA report indicates that market prices are currently being supported by a strong market demand for corn in the U. S. and abroad, the lack of boxcars to move to market corn that is already sold by the Commodity Credit Corporation, and the moderate rate at which farmers have marketed their 1965 crop.
The estimates also confirm that, although total U. S. corn stocks were about the same this April 1 as a year earlier, the "free supplies" of corn to be marketed from now until the 1966 corn harvest are much larger than in 1965 and well above prospective needs.
Stice says total April 1 U. S. stocks of corn were 2,900 million bushels compared with 2,862 million a year earlier, an increase of only 1.3 percent. However, on- farm stocks were 237 million bushels larger, stocks in CCC bins were 122 million bushels smaller, and stocks in commercial mills and elevators were 77 million bushels smaller than in 1965.
Because of the high disappearance rate, the over-all supply figures alone are not bearish, Stice says. Corn disappearance from October through March totaled 2,442 million bushels compared with 2,250 million a year earlier. About half of this 192-million-bushel
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increase was exported and half was used in the U. S. Stice says that
at this rate of use disappearance from April throuqh September will be
about 1,836 million bushels compared with 1,692 million a year earlier.
And, the total 1965-66 disappearance will be about 4,277 million
bushels — 100 million over the record 1965 corn crop of 4, 171 million
bushels.
The bearish factor in the outlook for the coming months is the increase in "free stocks" — corn not owned by CCC or under govern- ment loan. From the April 1 report, it appears that "free stocks" total about 2,184 million bushels. That's 348 million bushels more than the prospective April- September disappearance of 1,836 million bushels.
In addition, farmers will redeem and sell some of the 188 million bushels of 1965 corn now un^er loan. Also, CCC will continue to sell some corn. Both sources will add to the free market supplies, Stice points out.
The ownership and location of the "excess corn" is also a factor in the corn outlook, he says. More than half of the 237- . million-bushel increase in April 1 farm stocks was in Illinois and Indiana. These states are ones in which the quantity of corn re- sealed and under loan is small.
A substantial amount of the 378 million bushels of CCC sales has not moved to market because of the transportation shortage. For example, April 1 stocks in CCC bins were 262 million bushels, but CCC's non-committed paper inventory was only 175 million.
These facts suggest that if "free supplies" can move to market and 1966 corn production prospects are good, corn prices will
work lower during the summer months, Stice says.
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JEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
IIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Melting-Out Means Miserable Lawns
URBANA — It may be Helminthosporium dictyoides — or one of its close relatives — to experts like University of Illinois extension plant pathologist Mai Shurtleff, but to the average homeowner, melting-out means a sick lawn.
The disease shows up first as small, then large, irregular turf areas that are yellowed, then browned and eventually killed. Entire stands of bluegrasses, fescues or bentgrasses may be completely destroyed by severe Helminthosporium crown and root rot, says Shurtleff.
These diseases can be especially destructive during wet, humid weather or in areas where the turf is sprinkled frequently. Improper mowing and fertilization, thatch development, dense shade and restricted air movement across the lawn also contribute to the melting- out problem.
The Helminthosporium group of diseases produces a variety of symptoms, depending on the kind of grass, season, weather and the spe- cific fungus. Damage above ground shows up as small, dark brown, purplish or purplish-red spots on the leaves from early spring to early fall. The spots grow rapidly, become round to oblong, and the centers gradually fade to an ash-white, light brown or straw color. Severe infections coupled with moist conditions can kill the entire plant above ground.
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The disease cycle for all species of these fungi is essen- tially the same. They survive from year to year in dead clippings and grass tissues or in infected leaves, crowns and rhizomes. In the spring, tremendous numbers of spores are produced on this debris. Spores are carried to new leaf growth by air currents, mowers, flow- ing or splashing water and infected grass clippings.
Spraying a lawn with turf fungicides to control melting-out is time-consuming, expensive and often not practical for the average homeowner. But if fungicides are needed, U. of I. county farm ad- visers ran suggest chemicals to use.
Shurtleff suggests these cultural practices to prevent an attack of melting-outr
1. Mow bluegrass, fescues and ryegrasses at the recommended maximum height for satisfactory turf use. Avoid close clipping at all times. Mow the grass frequently so that no more than one-third of the leaf surface is removed at one time.
2. Collect the clippings. Helminthosporium fungi thrive in the damp mulch from clippings, then attack healthy grass growing through the mulch. Avoid problems by not allowing thatch to become more than one-fourth inch deep.
3. If a dense thatch has formed, use a vertical mower, power rake or some other machine designed for removing this dense grcwth. These machines may be rented at most garden supply centers.
4. Severely diseased turf will recover more rapidly if you apply a fertilizer that will supply adequate available nitrogen. Avoid heavy applications of soluble nitrogen fertilizers in hot weather.
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Follow a recommended fertilizer program that maintains as uniform a level of soil nutrients in the root zone as possible. Nitrogen, phos- phorus and potassium should be present in sufficient but not excessive
amounts.
5. In dry weather, apply enough moisture at each watering to soak the soil at least 6 to 8 inches deep. Repeat every 7 to 10 days if the weather remains dry. Apply additional water just after a light shower during a dry period. Avoid frequent sprinkling, late afternoon or evening watering and waterlogging of the soil.
6. Where shade is dense and air movement is restricted, thin or remove dense trees and shrubs. This process speeds drying and aids in disease control.
Some bluegrasses and fescues are resistant to specific Hel- minthosporium fungi but highly susceptible to others. So the home- owner has little hope of controlling the disease complex by using resistant grasses.
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JJFsje 5/2/66
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U. Of I. Hosts Production Credit Fieldmen, May 9-10
URBANA — Agricultural potentials, resource control, point of sale financing, salesmanship, service and farm outlook are the main topics on the 14th annual Illinois Production Credit Association field- men's conference program, May 9-10, at the Illini Union Building, nrb^na. More than 100 fieldmen from 18 associations are expected to attend.
Orville G. Bentley, Dean of the College of Agriculture, will welcome fieldmen at their opening session Monday morning.
Other speakers include J. M. Holcomb, U. of I. professor of faT-TT! management and finance; Harold Primm, Agriculture Business Serv- ice Company, Blooming ton? Alan D. Miner, Champaign PCA; George C. Bates, vice-president, Federal Intermediate Credit Bank, St. Louis; David J. Stein, FS Services, Bloomington; Harold Baker, Bloomington PCA; Irwin Cochrun, U. of I. professor of business management; Robert Hammitt, Mississippi Valley PCA, Pittsfield; John F. Wright, Illini PCA, Carlinville; L. H. Simerl, U. of I. extension economist; Stanley P. Morrow, president of Federal Intermediate Credit Bank, St. Louis; and the Rev. Leon H. Appel, Lincoln Christian Church, Lincoln.
The conference is arranged and conducted by the U. of I. Division of University Extension in cooperation with the College of Agriculture and the Illinois Production Credit Associations.
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HDG: jo 5/2/66
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«EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
DIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS \-~ 5
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Note to Editors; This is the first of a series of three stories about termite identification and control, and the selection of an extermi- nator.
Swarms Mean Termites — Or Are They Ants?
URBANA — When the average Illinois homeowner sees ant-like swarms in the spring, his natural — and alarmed — reaction is "Termites!"
Termites have been a problem in many areas, especially in southern Illinois. And these destructive insects are becoming more numerous in the central and northern parts of the state. But before becoming unduly alarmed, be sure your problem is termites.
H. B. Petty, University of Illinois extension entomologist with the Illinois Natural History Survey, gives these answers to com- monly asked questions about termites:
What are termites? They are colonial insects that feed on wood or wood products, including paper. Organisms in their digestive tract convert wood cellulose into usable food.
Here's how you can distinguish termites from flying ants:
Flying termites — kings and queens — are always black. Flying ants may be black, yellow, tan or almost red. The rear wings on an ant are noticeably shorter than its forewings; the two pairs of the termite's wings are the same size. Ants have a narrow waist just be- hind the wing-bearing section of the body; termites do not. Termite antennae are straight; those of ants are elbowed.
Worker termites are white to cream colored. Worker ants — without wings — vary in color as do the flying ants.
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Hov are termite infestations found? Swarms of flying ter- mites usually appear in the spring, while flying ants swarm continuously from spring to fall. Mud tubes built over concrete and other obstruc- tions positively indicate termite activity. These tubes are usually found on inside basement walls and over outside foundations. Weakened lumber may also show presence of termites. Tapping lumber with an ice pick or screwdriver provides an easy test for weakness.
How does termite damage differ from other wood damage? Ter- mites eat only the soft part of the wood, leaving the annual ring in- tact. They leave the remaining shell in splinter-like layers. Only termites seal their runways and feeding areas with mud. Unlike the termite, carpenter ants gouge large, smooth areas out of wood, dis- regarding grain. And their galleries are free of mud. Powder-post beetles make tiny tunnels in the wood, producing a fine, powdery saw- dust. Several fungi also cause wood rot, but in this case the wood appears charred or crumbly with no apparent tunnels.
How soon will structural damage occur? Termites may feed in wooden buildings for years before they do any serious structural damage. Usually damage doesn't occur until the colony is 8 to 10 years old unless the ground contained a large population before the building was built.
Where are termite colonies located? Since termite colonies need a constant, controlled supply of moisture, most of them are lo- cated in the soil. They get into houses only in their search for food.
Why do termites build tubes? Since termites die rapidly under dry conditions, they maintain a constant humidity by building tubes. They also seal their feeding area with mud.
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How do they enter a building? Wood in contact with the soil provides an unexposed path over which termites invade buildings. Base- ment windows, porches, door sills, wood supports through concrete slabs and siding that touches the soil are other possibilities. Cracks in concrete foundations and spaces in concrete block foundations also provide hidden entryways. When no "paths" are provided, termites will build mud tubes over the foundation and up into the building.
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JJF:bh 5/4/66
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Note to Editors: This is the second in a series of three stories about termite identification and control, and selection of an exterminator.
Control Termites Before Construction
URBANA — It's far easier — and less expensive — to control ter- mites before you build than it is to exterminate them from the fin- ished building.
Here are some termite control suggestions for buildings under construction. The tips are provided by H. B. Petty, University of Illinois extension entomologist with the Illinois Natural History Sur- veys
1. Remove stumps and wood debris from the building site before construction starts. Apply one gallon of 1/2 percent dieldr in or 1 percent chlordane to each square yard of surface before concrete slab is poured. As the soil is replaced around the foundation or footing, mix the chemical with the soil. Use a rate of one gallon for every 3 or 4 linear feet with shallow foundations or for every 2 linear feet with deep foundations. Put insecticides in each space of concrete block foundations.
2. Do not bury scraps of lumber or other wood debris in the backfill.
3. Avoid all contacts between woodwork of the building and soil. Use chemically treated lumber where wood is close to the soil.
4. Provide ventilation openings in the foundation. This will dry the soil in unexcavated areas. Take care of any drainage problems in this area. Remember that termites perish rapidly under dry conditions.
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5. Install a termite shield between the foundation and the superstructure to help detect an infestation. A shield will not keep termites out of a building, but it will force them to build their tunnels in the open where they are visible. If there are breaks in the shield, termites will find them and invade the building undetected.
6. If possible, provide enough clearance beneath all parts of the building to allow for inspection.
Following these precautions will provide good insurance against a termite invasion. However, don't be alarmed if you find termites in your house. Study the situation carefully to see how serious the problem is. If you think you can do the exterminating work yourself, or want more information, ask your county farm adviser for a copy of NHE-57, "Facts About Termites."
If your termite problem seems extremely complicated — and
most are — contact a reputable, well-established exterminator.
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JJF:bh 5/4/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Note to Editors; This is the third in a series of three stories about termite identification and control, and. selection of an exterminator.
Select Termite Exterminators Carefully
URBANA — Termites are becoming more of a problem in Illinois every year, so you may discover that the pests have invaded your house. Or perhaps you have already discovered them. In either case, ridding your house of termites can be a complicated job and you might need the services of a reputable exterminator.
If you discover termites, don't become alarmed, advises H. B. Petty, extension entomologist with the University of Illinois an\ the Illinois Natural History Survey. Take your time and study the situation carefully to see how serious your problem is. It takes years for termites to cause serious structural damage.
Then, if your problem needs the attention of an expert, select a dependable exterminating company. As with any other business, workmanship varies between companies. A few would rather make a "fast buck" than do a good job, but most companies give excellent serv- ice and are a benefit to their community.
Petty has these suggestions for selecting a dependable exter- minating company:
1. Do not accept as bona fide badges or pocket credentials from itinerant exterminators who solicit door-to-door business.
2. Check with your better business bureau for companies they suggest. Or, if there are no exterminators in your community, check with the better business bureau in the city where the company is located. Friends who have employed exterminators may also have sug- gestions.
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3. Get bids from two or more companies.
4. Ask the company representative any questions you may have about their methods.
5. Ask to be billed for the work. This gives you time to observe results of the extermination. If company representatives demand payment before they do the work or immediately afterwards, this may indicate they want their money so they can conveniently — and hur- riedly— leave town.
Before you sign any contract, read it carefully. Be sure the company can back up its work with re-treatment if control is not satis- factory. Reputable companies have earned their good standing in the community and will re-treat if necessary.
Some "fly-by-night" operators make it their business to prey on senior citizens. Pensioners or widows whose houses represent their life savings are prime targets. Scare tactics, "planted damage," and other devices are employed to convince the elderly to use the services of the "fast operator." Such operators often bilk the unsuspecting into a repeat treatment, saying that "conditions in the neighborhood have changed, making re-treatment necessary."
So, study your situation carefully and deliberately, says
Petty. For more information on termites, ask your farm adviser for a
copy of NHE-57, "Facts About Termites."
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HEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
DIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS \> *'
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Try Your Luck With Tomatoes This Spring
URBANA — Unseasonably cool weather in many parts of the state has slowed some garden activities, but there's still plenty of time to plant tomatoes.
To have tomatoes throughout the season, University of Illi- nois horticulturists suggest that home gardeners plant both early and main-crop varieties. A list of varieties recommended for your area is included in U. of I. Circular 882, "Illinois Vegetable Garden Guide." You can get it from the U. of I. or from your county farm adviser.
While tomatoes can be seeded directly, most gardeners use transplants. Using a starter fertilizer when transplanting will get your plants off to a fast start. An all-soluble fertilizer high in phosphorus — 10-52-17 or 10-50-10 — works well. Mix about two table- spoons of fertilizer to a gallon of water. Then use about a cup of the solution per plant. Circular 882 contains additional tips on transplanting .
Tomatoes can use another "shot" of fertilizer about the time fruit begins to set. Two and a half pounds of ammonium nitrate, two pounds of urea or five pounds of nitrate of soda per 1,000 square feet will fill this fertilizer need.
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Tomato plants require 9 to 12 square feet per plant. But if your garden plot is small, staked plants may be spaced more closely. Tomatoes grow well either on the ground or staked, but plants grown on the ground require less work, produce more per plant and may be less susceptible to blossom-end rot. Staking means cleaner fruits, no loss from soil rot and sometimes, easier picking. If tomatoes are grown on the ground, mulching will reduce anthracnose and fruit rots and help keep fruits clean. Mulching will also conserve moisture and control weeds.
If you choose to stake and prune your tomatoes, try this modified system which works well in Illinois: Shortly after trans- planting, drive a stake about 6 feet long and 1.5 inches in diameter into the soil 8 to 10 inches deep and 3 inches away from each plant. When the plants are 12 to 15 inches high, remove all but one main stem and tie it loosely to the stake, using soft twine or cloth. As the plant grows remove the shoots, or "suckers," which develop between the main stem and the leaves, up to the first fruit cluster. Above the first fruit cluster let the shoots develop two leaves and then pinch off the tips. Tie the plant loosely to the stake every 10 to 12
inches.
Using fungicides will greatly reduce tomato diseases that might harass gardeners. U. of I. Circular 912, "Tomato Diseases and Insect Pests," gives full details. This circular is also avail- able from your local farm adviser.
Looking ahead to the time when you can really enjoy your
gardening efforts, the horticulturists have these harvesting tips:
Harvest the fruits when they are pink except during periods when the
daily mean temperature is above 75 degrees F. At such high tempera- tures, pick the fruits just as they are turning color and keep them at 68 degrees F. for further coloring. Tomatoes will be firmer and have better flavor than those ripened on the vine when temperatures are high. Fruits exposed to direct sunlight may reach a temperature 20 de- grees higher than that of shaded fruits.
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JEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
DIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
A Farm In A Zoo
Five acres of rural Illinois complete with barns and live- stock nestle among the high-rise apartments and busy streets of Chicago in the Lincoln Park Zoo. This "Farm-In-The-Zoo" is designed to show farm animals to Chicagoans and to teach them something about the pro- duction and marketing of agricultural commodities in Illinois.
The Lincoln Park Zoological Society and Zoo Director Dr. Lester Fisher see the new facility as offering an excellent oppor- tunity for agriculture to tell its story to the 4,000,000 city dwellers who annually visit the zoo.
Chicago adults and children, who are usually more familiar with elephants, lions and tigers than they are with cows, sheep and horses, can now see live farm animals and view educational exhibits on Illinois agriculture.
The five acres of Farm-In-The-Zoo, which border a lagoon on the south end of the Lincoln Park Zoo, are open the year round. The dairy barn and the main barn with its exhibition area have been open since December 1964. Visitors may watch cows being milked in a glassed-in milking parlor in the dairy barn. A taped commentary describes each operation in detail.
A horse barn houses a mule, a draft horse, saddle horses and a pony. Four major breeds of beef cattle are shown in the cattle
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barn. A poultry building and a combined sheep and swine barn are planned for construction. Sheep, swine and poultry are now shown in the main barn.
The main barn is also the farm exhibit and demonstration center. One display produced by the Extension Service asked Zoo visitors to test their knowledge of Illinois agriculture. Ten color panels with large photos had such questions as "How many pounds of meat did Chicagoans eat today?" (answers 2 1/2 million), "What per- cent of Illinois land is used for farming?" (answer: 85%) , and "Out of every 100 workers in the state, how many are engaged in farming or related industries?" (answer: 33) .
A committee of specialists from the University of Illi- nois College of Agriculture provides needed technical information for the Farm-In-The-Zoo operation.
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Local Families To Participate In U. Of I. Camping Show
Note to Editors; See attached list for names of campers from your area who are participating in the U. of I. Family Camping Show.
families from the area are
among the 30 selected as exhibiting campers at the University of Illi- nois Family Camping Show in Illini Grove on the Urbana campus May 20-22
Local families are: (See attached list of campers from your area. )
These families, who have made a hobby of camping, will demonstrate for visitors the various types of camping equipment avail- able commercially, and many will display homemade items. Supplementing the campers' equipment will be 19 commercial displays.
The show opens at 7:30 p.m. on Friday May 20, with a special pre gram in the Veterinary Medicine Building. Visiting hours at the Grove on Saturday and Sunday are from noon to 6 p.m. Educational programs have been scheduled on both days between 1 and 4 p.m. in the Veter- inary Medicine Building.
In line with the federal government program to enhance the beauty of America, the theme of this year's show is "Keep It Clean; Keep It Green." On Saturday afternoon J. A. Porter, graduate student in landscape architecture, will talk on "The Camper's Role in Natural Beautif ication. "
Other highlights of the Saturday program are "Canoe Camping in the Quetico, " a slide presentation by Hugh Cordier, head of the U. of I. Department of Radio and Television; and "Illinois Outdoor
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Recreation Plan," a talk by Gene H. Graves, director of the State
Department of Business and Economic Development.
Some features of the Saturday program will be repeated on Sunday afternoon. For example, Dr. Erwin Small, instructor in veter- inary clinical medicine, will talk at both sessions on "Pets Go Camp- ing." In addition, the program includes movies and talks on the National Park Service and camping in the national forests.
Last year more than 20,000 persons visited the show. Admis- sion is free.
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Family Campers
Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Berbaum, Champaign " " " Roy Kruger, Champaign " Richard Prairie, Champaign
" James Bier, Champaign
Bill Lytle, Champaign " J. W. Harney, Clinton
" Bill Meyer, Decatur
Roy Edwards, Decatur Troy Williams, Decatur " Herbert Vorndam, Decatur
Jack Lilja, Des Plaines Mrs. Barbara Bland, Kankakee Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Fink, Kenney
Herbert Koch, LaSalle John Corzine, LeRoy " Verdon Cox, LeRoy
Myrlin Buckingham, Monticello Weert Bauer, Nokomis Leslie Nelson, Normal Percy Howard, Piper City Albert Siegert, Pontiac Ralph Williams, Rantoul Arnold Santjer, Rantoul Bill Pickett, Rochester Wayne Archer , Rochester Joe Bertschinger, Springfield Elmer Devoe, Towanda Woodrow Brookey, Urbana Richard Spencer, Urbana Roy Thomas, Watson
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JEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Severe Yellow Dwarf Forecast
URBANA — Severe outbreaks of barley yellow dwarf virus and large numbers of virus-spreading aphids building up in the south may mean the worst virus threat to Illinois* oats since 1959, University of Illinois extension plant pathologist Mai Shurtleff predicted here today.
Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is severe now in winter barley in the southern half of the state. Virus-carrying aphids from the south are often blown in, as in the greenbug-BYDV outbreak in 1959. That year the virus, coupled with greenbug feeding, caused an estimated loss of 34.5 million bushels of oats valued at $24.3 million. The loss represented 28 percent of the total oat production in Illinois
The severity of BYDV damage depends on plant response, says Shurtleff. Seedling infection is most severe. Late-planted oats and oats growing in poor soils are damaged more severely than those plantec early in good soil. Oats following soybeans are less affected than those following corn where no fertilizers have been applied.
The first symptoms of BYDV on oats, and to a lesser extent on barley and wheat, appear as faint yellowish-green blotches, usually near the leaf tip. The blotches enlarge rather rapidly, merge and turn various shades of red, brown or yellow-orange. Affected portions often die as the infection spreads through the entire plant. The
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leaves may curl inward and appear more erect than usual. Symptoms generally appear first on the older leaves. The virus may shrivel kernels and reduce test weight.
In barley, the most characteristic symptoms are dwarfing and the brilliant yellow coloring of the leaves.
In wheat, severe dwarfing and general yellowing are less common and the disease is more severe when infection takes place in the fall than in the spring. The root system is damaged as severely as the tops of plants.
At present, farmers cannot fully control BYDV in the field. But they can reduce damage in oats as well as in other crops by growing tolerant varieties.
Early planting of spring varieties, plus proper fertilization can help to prevent heavy damage. Vigorously growing plants are more tolerant of the disease than weaker ones. Large publications of aphids usually do not appear in Illinois until sometime in May.
Use of insecticides to control BYDV in small grains and grass
crops is not recommended at present because they kill aphids too slowly
If virus-carrying aphids arrive in steady numbers from outside the
treated area, they can infect plants on which they land and feed even
when the crop is treated. Such was the case with greenbugs in 1959,
Shurtleff concludes.
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JJF:bh 5/17/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. Of I. Sociologist Lists Costs And Benefits Of Medicare To Farmers
URBANA — Farm families and other rural residents could bene- fit from Medicare more than any other group, a University of Illinois rural sociologist points out.
D. E. Lindstrom, citing a recent U. S. Department of Agri- culture report, explains that a larger percentage of rural residents are older than city residents, and fewer have private health insurance. All persons over 65 years of age who are getting social security or railroad retirement are automatically covered under the law. For those not so covered, the program will be financed from the federal treasury.
Social security tax rates will increase slightly under the Medicare program. For self-employed farmers, the rates in 1967 will increase from 6.2 to 6.4 percent of taxable income. By 1987 and later, the change will be from 6.9 to 7.8 percent.
For farm wage workers, the increase in 1967 will be from 4.125 to 4.2 percent. By 1987 and after, the rate will go from 4.625 to 5.65 percent.
Benefits include hospital insurance to cover costs over $40 for 60 days of confinement. Also, a payment of $3 per month begin- ning July 1 this year will cover 80 percent of reasonable doctor and medical costs over $50 a year.
Lindstrom also points out that aside from Medicare there
will be higher retirement benefits, benefits for uninsured persons over 72 years of age and for disabled workers, and higher earned in- come exemptions. Also, widows of insured workers can get benefits at age 60 under certain conditions.
Full details about these programs are available at local
Social Security Offices. -n HDGtbh "",U"
5/17/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
County Extension Advisers Attend May Conference
URBANA — County farm and home advisers and their assistants, members of the University of Illinois Cooperative Extension Service, will meet on the Urbana campus May 25-27 for their annual spring conference.
County staff will join the state extension staff members in discussing the conference theme, "Staffing for the ' 70's." All day Thursday, May 26, will be devoted to discussing cooperative extension organization and staff needs for the next decade.
Dean Orville G. Bentley of the College of Agriculture will open the Thursday morning session with a discussion of "The Tripartite Educational Philosophy of the College of Agriculture." L. E. Card, emeritus head of the Department of Animal Science, will then give a summary report of the findings and recommendations of the "Committee of 17" who completed a four-month study of cooperative extension organi- zation and staff needs in January of this year.
Several staff members will conduct a symposium on the con- ference theme, to be followed by a full afternoon of discussion by groups. Reports of these discussions will be presented on Friday morning.
Joseph Ackerman, director of the Farm Foundation, Chicago, an< and Miss Gertrude Dieken, homemakers editor of Farm Journal magazine, Philadelphia, are two of the featured speakers during the conference.
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During the Wednesday afternoon session, May 25, they will look ahead at cooperative extension's functions and staff needs for the future. Other featured speakers include Dr. Richard Bates, Lansing, Michigan, physician, following the annual staff dinner Thursday evening, on the topic "How to Have a Heart Attack," and Lyle H. Lanier, provost and executive vice-president, University of Illinois, on "The University and the Extension Programs of the Future, " during the Friday morning session.
E. G. Mosbacher, McLean County farm adviser, Bloomington, will conduct the summary of discussion group sessions on Friday morning Final conference session will feature Director J. B. Claar of the Illinois Cooperative Extension Service on the topic "Tuning Up for Tomorrow."
Meetings of both the Illinois Home Advisers Association
and the Illinois State Association of Farm Advisers will be held on
Wednesday afternoon, followed by the farm advisers' dinner at 6:00 p.m.
in the Illini Union.
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RAJrbh 5/17/66
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MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
NIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
North America, One Of Remaining Food Export Areas
URBANA — North America and Australia— New Zealand are the only two remaining food-export areas in the world, a University of Illinois agricultural economist points out.
Although a few years ago there were at least six major food- pxporting areas, the faster growth of world population than food production has reduced the food-surplus areas.
Robert Spitze notes that American agricultural exports have now reached a record volume of $6.5 billion a year, one-fourth of all U. S. exports. The upward trend shows that America is now sharing her tremendous agricultural productivity with the foreign consumer by expanding exports.
Spitze appraises the situation in this way:
The rise in American agricultural exoorts has come at a time when the world, temporarily we hope, is losing it's capacity to feed itself. Population is simply outrunning food production increases.
The astonishing record of rising production achieved by American farmers since World rTar II hap been achieved with the same amount of land in production. The number of farms has been cut in half and less labor is being used, but the use of capital in the form of machinery, feed, fertilizer, pesticides has increased greatly.
The entire record of production achievement rests on a use of managerial knowledge by American farmers as demanding as that of any large business.
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To continue to expand production as needed to meet domestic and foreign demands, American farmers will need adequate amounts of capital and continued scientific research to back up the technical knowledge being applied to farming.
American agriculture must learn to unleash its productive potential steadily and in balance with domestic population and export needs if it is to avoid erratic prices, lagging incomes and periodic financial problems.
Spitze spoke before the annual Illinois Production Credit
Fieldmen's Conference held recently on the University of Illinois
campus.
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HDGrbh 5/20/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
How Dangerous Are Pesticides?
URBANA — Now that the growing season is reaching full swing, the antipesticide alarmist will spread the alarm that farmers and homeowners are poisoning both wildlife and people. And a few careless individuals will use pesticides recklessly and pay the price for their carelessness.
Somewhere between these extremes, most Illinois residents will realize that pesticides play an important role in the bountiful harvest of high-quality food and feeds.
How dangerous are pesticides? As a cause of accidental death, pesticides — on a national level — rank about the same as or lower than aspirin. But in Illinois they are an even less important cause, according to University of Illinois extension entomologist H. B. Petty, with the Illinois Natural History Survey.
On the basis of a nine-year average, transportation accounts for about 44 percent of accidental deaths on the national level. Fires claim 7.3 percent; falls on stairs, about 3 percent; and firearms, 2.5 percent. Pesticides claim 0.16 percent, while petroleum products and aspirin each claim 0.11 percent.
The figures for Illinois (1960-1964) are similar, motor vehicles claiming 43 percent of accidental deaths; fires and explosions, 8 percent; falls on stairs, 2.9 percent; and firearms, 2.3 percent. Aspirin claims 0.25 percent, petroleum products, 0.04 percent; and pesticides, 0.05 percent.
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Illinois farmers and homeowners can improve even this good record by reading and heeding the label on the pesticide container. Chemical companies spend millions of dollars in research to insure the insecticide's effectiveness and safe use. But carelessness in application, storage or disposal can wreck a million-dollar program.
Most of the pesticide accidents occurring in Illinois take
place in the home where baits are used to control insect pests. A
foundation spray around the outside of the house will keep most insect
pests out. Petty suggests contacting your local U. of I. extension
farm adviser for details on foundation sprays.
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JJF:bh 5/20/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Kammlade To Lead People-To-People Tour
URBANA — W. G. Kammlade, associate director emeritus of the Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois College of Agriculture, has been selected to lead, a tour of European countries in August sponsored by the Goodwill People-to-People Travel Program.
Taking part in the tour will be a group of 31 prominent Illinois farmers and agri-businessmen. They will observe farming and marketing activities and study basic agricultural policies in Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Russia, Hungary and West Germany.
The group will leave New York by plane on August 1 and will return on August 22. They will spend about one-third of the time in Russia, where they will visit Moscow and two or three other principal agricultural areas.
Members of the tour group from 21 different counties include: Champaign county, Clark E. Youmans, Ogden; Christian county, Lowell Franklin, Morrisonville, F. Donald Garwood, Stonington, and Howard Stephens, Sharpsburg; Cook county, Harold D. Bergman, Palatine; DeKalb county, Ira E. Hamer, Kirkland; Earl Pritchard, Maple Park; and Mahlon M. Sawyer, Waterman; DeWitt county, Virgil T. Harbach, Clinton; and Karl K. Ives, Wapella.
Douglas county, Richard B. Fay, Atwood; Gaylord Gates and
John E. McCue, Tuscola; and Paul Hudson, Hindsboro; Edwards county,
William G. Perkins, Albion; Ford county, Earl E. DeWall, Melvin;
Grundy county, Henry Barschdorf, Jr., Ransom; and H. Allen Holler,
Mazon; Henderson county, Lee W. Jamieson and Page Randall, Sr . ,
Biggsville.
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Jefferson county, Forest A. Stewart, Texico; Kendall county, Charles P. Lett, Piano; Knox county, Housel Roberts, Oneida; Lee county, Warren Mynard, Amboy; Putnam county, Walter G. Griffith, McNabb; Pulaski county, Ralph N. Taake, Jr., Ullin; Rock Island county, Will Parks, Jr., Reynolds; Sangamon county, Edward W. Taylor, New Berlin; Stephenson county, Donald E. Dietmeier, Ridott; Charles M. Rood- house, Freeport; and Woodford county, Earl G. Irons, Congerville.
Kammlade recruited the participants at the request of the Goodwill People-to-People Organization. His son, W. G. Kammlade, Jr., a member of the staff of the Animal Industries Division at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, will also be on the tour as assistant delegation leader and host.
Goodwill People-to-People Travel Programs are designed to develop better understanding among people of the various nations, Kammlade reports. In addition to learning about agricultural policies and procedures in the various countries, the Illinois group will visit schools and. colleges, agricultural research activities and related industries and share their own knowledge about United States agricul- ture.
This mission is privately sponsored and organized under the auspices of the National People-to-People Organization with head- quarters in K?nsas City, Missouri, and Washington, D. C. Delegates will pay costs of the tour.
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RAJ:bh 5/20/66
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MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
NIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS '"
FOR RELEASE
WEDNESDAY P.M., MAY 25
Agriculture Must Adjust
To National Economic Growth
URBANA, May 25 — Today's challenge in agricultural education is to help the agricultural industry make adjustments consistent with national economic growth, according to Joseph Ackerman, director of the Farm Foundation, Chicago.
Ackerman, speaking at the annual spring conference of cooperative extension staff members at the University of Illinois this afternoon (May 25), said that national income is now too great and the anticipated changes in income spent for food are too low to permit much increase in farm income through greater food production over the next 20 years.
Agricultural education will need to shift its emphasis from improving production techniques to the interrelationship of agricultur with the rest of society, he said. Educational institutions need to expand their investment in extending new techniques, he added, but mor in terms of increasing total economic growth than of increasing farm income alone.
Intelligent farm people will try as hard as they can to keep pace with the educational, economic and social advances of the rest of our society, he told the more than 450 members of the University of Illinois Cooperative Extension Service. Income needs of farm families will go up as they seek higher levels of living.
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Extension staff members, both state and county, will need to give added attention to farm and home development and farm family living as well as to farm operations, Ackerman added.
Well-educated extension personnel will need to help farm families inventory their total resources, determine the productivity of these resources, study ways to make improvements and plan specific adjustments that will increase productivity and income.
However, the Cooperative Extension Service will almost cer- tainly have to be increasingly concerned with problems that lie beyond the farm fence, he added. The agricultural community has emerged from one that depended almost entirely on farming to one that depends more on the diversity of agri-industrial opportunities and is closely related to urban and suburban economic and social life. Rural and urban life have become so interwoven that we can no longer think of the welfare of one sector without considering the developments in the other.
Other speakers at the two-day conference include Gertrude Dieken, women's editor, Farm Journal magazine, Philadelphia; Dr. Richard Bates, physician, Lansing, Michigan; Lyle H. Lanier, prov- ost and executive vice president, University of Illinois, Urbana; Orville G. Bentley, dean of the U. of I. College of Agriculture; and J. B. Claar, director of the Cooperative Extension Service.
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RAJ:bh 5/24/66
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IEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
VERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RWCEASE
Regulated Hours Of Light Start Pullets Laying At Uniform Age
URBANA — University of Illinois poultry scientists have developed a lighting program under which pullets hatched at any season start to lay at the same age.
In uncontrolled situations pullets that reach maturity in the spring start to lay at a younger age than do those that mature during the fall. This is a physiological response to the trend in day length. Age at the onset of egg production may vary as much as four weeks seasonally.
Researchers say that some delay in the onset of egg produc- tion is desirable because it increases size of eggs and length of laying period. But excessive delays only tend to increase the cost of bringing pullets to the point of lay.
The U. of I. lighting program supplements natural daylight to give day-old chicks 20 1/2 hours of light per day. The amount of light is decreased 1/4 hour per week until when chickens are 20 weeks old they get 15 1/2 hours of light per day.
From 21 to 30 weeks, light is increased 1/4 hour per week until it reaches a total of 18 hours a day. This level is then main- tained.
Since maximum natural daylight at Urbana is 15 hours, this schedule can be followed any time of year by adjusting time clocks, poultry scientists say.
When this system is used, flocks of White Leghorn pullets hatched at any season of the year reach a 10 percent rate of lay during their 22nd week, 50 percent during their 25th week and 80 percent duiixns their 27th week.
Such control over the rate of physiological development is particularly desirable when pullets hatched at various seasons are used for nutritional or other types of experiments, researchers say.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Illinois Farm Managers' Tour, June 9-10
URBANA — The Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers will hold their summer tour in the Jacksonville area on June 9-10. The tour starts at Illinois College, Jacksonville, at 9:30 a.m. on June 9, according to Fay Sims, University of Illinois farm management specialist and society secretary.
On Thursday morning, the group will visit the Jim Rawlings anc Jim Lonergan farms. At the Rawlings farm, they will see a 536-acre tillable grain farm using minimum tillage and the latest production methods. At the Lonergan farm, they will see a 404-acre livestock farm producing 1,500 hogs and 40 to 120 cattle a year.
During the afternoon, they will visit the 500-acre Applebee
farm, where Ed Runge, University of Illinois agronomist, will discuss
the potential production of different soils. At this stop, the group
will divide into small groups to discuss ways to solve the management
and appraisal problems on this farm.
At a dinner Thursday evening, Norman J. Beatty, manager of the tax department, Illinois State Chamber of Commerce, will discuss the new revenue article proposal.
The Friday morning tour will include visits to the Longmoyer cattle feedlots near Greenfield and the Anderson-Clayton food process- ing plant in Jacksonville.
Anyone interested in professional farm management or apprais- ing is invited to attend. More information is available from Fay Sims, secretary-treasurer, 305 Mumford Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana. Tour committee members include Eldon H. Greenwood, Illinois National Bank, Springfield, chairman; E. H. Garlich, Elliott State Bank, Jacksonville? William M. Gilmore, Roodhousej Hobart R. Hinder liter, Rankin Farms, Jacksonville; Wayne Kern, Union National Bank of Macomb; Walter L. Lamb, Federal Land Bank Assn., Pittsfield; Andrew L. Sauer, Sauer Agricultural Service, Winchester; George W. Shafer, Farm Bureau Farm Management Service, Jacksonville; and Wayne Tomlinson, Rushville.
HDGtbh "30~
5/27/55
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Selection Of Star State Farmer To Highlight State FFA Convention June 14-16
URBANA — Five outstanding Illinois Future E'armers of America remain in contention for the Star State Farmer Award. The winner will be announced at the closing cession of the 38rh Annual State FFA Con- vention, to be held June 14-16 in the University of Illinois Assembly , Hall _ in Ur bana .
More than Z, 0Q0 FFA members will be on hand for the conven- tion and the naming of the Star State Farmer. Finalists for the award, the highest given each year by the Illinois Association FFA, are Milton Spencei, Williarasfield? Lyle Roberts, Jr., Normal; Roger -Rutherford, Virden; BillRutledge, Farmer City? and David Meyer, Nashville.
According to state FFA president Gary Organ, McLeansboro, other -highlights of the convention will be the election of the new state -officers, the presentation of state- awards and degrees and the FFA Prepared Public Speaking Contest finals. Current state officers, besides Organ, are vice-president, Eddie McMillan, Bushnell; secretary- treasurer, John Lee, Wellington; and reporter, Bud Buss, Olney.
Featured speaker for the convention will be. Jaraes Stitzlein, 20V national FFA vice-president, from Ashton, Ohio. Stitzlein was Ohio state FFA president before his election to national office.
Finalists who will compete on June 15 in the State FFA Pre- pared Public Speaking Contest are Charles Bclbeare, Barry; Bruce E. Cooper, Wapella; and Denis Naylor, Ashton.
About 325 FFA members will receive their State Farmer Degree, the FFA' s highest state degree, on June 16. Other FFA members and
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chapters will receive special recognition and awards for their out- standing programs.
The Illinois FFA will also present Honorary State Farmer Degrees to 18 men with outstanding records of service to agriculture and the FFA. They are Bob Robinson, Princeton, Midwest Farm Radio Net- work; Bill Burke, Chicago, Santa Fe Railroad; Charles Vial, Chicago, First National Bank; and Stan Lantz, Bloomington, Bloomington Panta- graph.
Other men named to receive the degree are Irvin Johnson, Chicago, Chicago Board of Trade; Orville Bentley, Dean, University of Illinois College of Agriculture; Dale Butz, Bloomington, IAA; Benton Bristol, Normal, Illinois State University; Norman Ehresman, Urbana, University of Illinois; and Martin McMillion, Urbana, University of Illinois.
Also named were John Sweeney, Springfield, Supervisor of Agricultural Education; John Beaumont, Springfield, Director of Voca- tional and Technical Education; Clarence Higginson, McLeansboro; Franklyn Lee, Wellington; Paul Buss, Olney; Keith McMillan, Bushnell; and two vo-ag teachers to be named.
IAA-sponsored entertainment for the June 14 evening program
will include Bert Rose and his orchestra, plus other top entertainment
personalities.
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GAKtbh 6/3/66
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Cooperative Extension Service College of Agriculture University of Illinois Extension Editorial Office Urbana, Illinois
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special to Selected Media
Seven Youths Receive Ag Communications Scholarships
Seven Illinois youths have been named to receive agricultural communications scholarships at the University of Illinois for the 1966-67 school year. The scholarships are provided by members of the agricultural communications industry for Illinois youths who show in- terest in and outstanding promise of contributing to that career field.
The winners, their home towns, amounts of stipends and names; of the scholarships they won include Leslie J. Emken, Farmington, $300 Sulphur Institute Scholarship? Allan W. Frederick, Stockton, $300 E. H. Brown Advertising Agency Scholarship; John T. Hundley, Louisville, $400 Farm Journal Scholarship; James R. Middleton, Maple Park, $300 H. Howard Biggar Memorial Scholarship; Terrance W. Rathgebar, Carlin- ville, $300 Deere and Company Scholarship; Earl E. Ringger, Gridley, $300 Various Donors Scholarship? and Roger L. Rutherford, Virden, $300 Moorman Manufacturing Company Scholarship.
Other donors include the Chicago Board of Trade, Doane Agri- cultural Service, Gardner Advertising Company, Laura Lane, Miller Publishing Company, Watt Publishing Company and Midwest Farm Network.
At the university, the winners will prepare for work in such areas as writing and editing farm publications, farm radio and tele- vision broadcasting, agricultural public relations, advertising
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and photography. The agricultural communications study program is offered by the College of Agriculture, in which the seven students will be enrolled.
This is the second year the scholarships have been offered. A growing gap between the supply of and demand for qualified men prompted the joint effort to encourage ag communications careers. During recent years there has been an average of six to eight job open- ings per graduate.
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DWJrgh 6/3/66
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Soil Conservation Society Plans Summer Tour, June 24
URBANA — The Shoal Creek Watershed in Montgomery county will be featured at the annual summer meeting of the Northern Illinois Chapter of the Soil Conservation Society of America.
The meeting begins at 9:30 a.m. on June 24 at the 4-H park in Butler, northwest of Hillsboro, according to Donald G. Smith, chapter president and University of Illinois agricultural economist.
During the morning session, these speakers will describe the watershed developments Elmer Frerichs, board member, Montgomery County Soil and Water Conservation District? Joe Haas, engineer, the Soil Con- servation Service; Lou Yeager, mayor of Litchfield; and William A. Ginos, associate circuit judge of Hillsboro.
After a box lunch at the 4-H Park, the group will tour the watershed area.
All persons who are interested in soil conservation and good land use are welcome to attend this meeting. The tour was designed to show what a watershed project such as this can mean to a local commu- nity and how local leaders made it possible.
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HDGtbh 6/3/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
NIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS \ '* 'T
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Rabies Not Limited To "Dog Days" Nor To Dogs
URBANA — The "dog days" of August aren't here yet, but rabies is already with us. University of Illinois extension veterinarian Neil Becker says that rabies is not confined to the "dog days," but is a problem throughout the year. Nor is rabies limited to dogs.
"Rabies in dogs has generally been controlled well in the city by required vaccination, licensing and confinement regulations, " Becker explains. "However, there are other animals in the city that are not vaccinated or confined. The common house cat is perhaps one of the most serious carriers.
"State law does not require the vaccination or confinement of cats. Allowed to roam day and night, the cat is likely to come into contact with other cats or animals that have the disease and become infected."
Most rabies is transmitted by bite, because the rabies virus is located in the salivary glands. Becker says that the bite injects the virus along with the saliva into the wound. The virus travels up the nerves, but does not cause any damage until it reaches the spinal cord and brain.
Then we see characteristic rabies symptoms, such as madness, incoordination and paralysis of the mouth that prevents the animal from swallowing. Complete paralysis occurs soon after, and the animal dies.
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Becker gives these suggestions to pet owners and parents: Have your pet cat vaccinated, and keep it confined to your home and yard. Caution your children not to play with stray cats or dogs. Tell them not to try to catch wild animals.
Report to the police or local health authorities all cases in which animals bite people or children. Report any stray cats or dogs to the city humane society or dog pound.
If you or your child is bitten by an animal, contact your family doctor immediately. Confine the animal if possible, but try not to kill it. The series of shots for people bitten by suspected rabid animals no longer causes many of the former side effects, because a safer vaccine has been developed.
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Fly Control In Beef Herds Worth Extra $10 To You
URBANA — "You can earn an extra $10 on each head of beef cattle you feed this year by just controlling flies, " says University of Illinois agricultural entomologist Steve Moore. "Illinois studies indicate that steers protected from horse fly attack over a 38-day period gained 20 to 39 pounds more than unprotected steers."
Moore says a farmer's choice of a fly control program depends upon the management system he uses — dry lot or pasture.
A dry lot fly control program should be based on good sani- tation designed to eliminate fly breeding spots. Moore recommends applying barn sprays to runoff drains, ceiling and walls. Cygon (dimenthoate) , diazinon and Korlan (ronnel) are commercial fly prepa- rations that will give control for two to five weeks. Moore says there may be some resistance problems with diazinon and Korlan (ronnel). You can use baits to supplement the sprays. Moore prefers liquid spray baits to dry scatter baits.
Pasture control of flies can be achieved by spraying the animals every three weeks with 1 to 2 quarts of a 0.5 percent toxaphene water-diluted spray. This treatment will take care of most horn flies and stable flies, says Moore.
Face flies can be controlled with hand oilers, using 5 per- cent toxaphene in oil. Moore reminds cattlemen that there is a 28- day waiting period before toxaphene-treated cattle can be marketed for slaughter.
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According to Moore, the best fly control ever obtained in Illinois was accomplished in a beef operation using an electric chute- type sprayer. Each animal was sprayed two to four times a week with 1 to 2 ounces of 2.0 percent ciodrin in oil. The sprayer was installed in a lane between the pasture and the watering area. The sprayer cost $200, and the insecticide cost about $1.50 per head for the summer.
Although certain feed additives are useful in controlling horn and face flies, Moore doesn't recommend their use, because the spray method provides better protection against the flies.
Summer control of flies will help to prevent lice problems
in the winter. If louse control is needed, Moore recommends lindane and
malathion sprays over toxaphene because they will also control mange
mites. Controlling grubs on native cattle is not recommended because
of the low infestation levels.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Corn And Bean Planting — How Late Is Safe?
URBANA--With continued cold and wet weather keeping farmers out of fields in some areas, many are asking, "How late may corn and soybeans be planted?"
University of Illinois extension agronomist W. 0. Scott hopes farmers have licked their planting problems by now, but gives this information so that they will be alert to possible problems next fall.
Assuming that the first killing frost will be at least as late as the average for a given area, and that the temperature and humidity in the fall are about normal, Scott suggests:
1. In northwestern Illinois, where the average date of the first killing frost is before October 5, an early variety of corn should have been used after May 25. Silo space should be available for any corn planted after June 5. Such corn runs a definite risk of getting caught by a freeze.
2. Where the average date of the first killing frost is October 5 to 10, the shift to earlier varieties should have taken place about June 1. The danger of "soft corn" — corn killed before it reaches physiological maturity — becomes a risk if planting is delayed beyond June 15.
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3. In the areas where the first killing frost is as late as October 10-20, farmers can still switch to an early variety (about June 10) . Soft corn becomes a threat when planting is delayed after June 20-25.
4. In the remainder of the state, the shift to earlier hybrids need not start until about June 15 or 20 and may continue until July 1 or 5.
However, farmers planting at later than optimum dates should expect lower yields, cautions Scott. A two-year (1964-65) study on the Northern Illinois Experiment Field shows a drop from 136 bushels to 109 bushels per acre when corn was planted on May 4 and June 4, respectively. Last year at the U. of I. South Farm, corn planted on April 30 produced 202 bushels per acre, while corn planted on May 31 made only 171 bushels. At Carbondale, corn planted on May 1 made 105 bushels; on June 1, 59 bushels; and on July 1, 53 bushels per acre.
Southern Illinois farmers especially may want to switch from corn to soybeans, provided they can use the latter crop. Illinois farmers from the St. Louis area south might consider grain sorghum if they can't use soybeans in their farming operations, suggests Scott. A shift from corn to soybeans--depending on soil type and area of the state — is worth considering whenever planting is delayed past early June, he adds. The loss in yield from delayed planting is proportionally greater for corn than for soybeans.
Corn planted on May 31 at Urbana last year produced only 75 percent as much as corn planted on April 30. But the average 1958-60 yield of Harosoy soybeans planted on June 1 at Urbana was
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equal to the yield of those planted on May 12. And the yield of Harosoys planted on June 24 was 87 percent of the yield of those planted on May 12. Soybeans respond to change in day length. The rule of thumb is one day's delay in maturity for every three days' delay in planting.
The adapted soybean varieties in a given area generally yield much better than earlier varieties. Light frosts seldom seriously reduce the yield of soybeans that are approaching maturity, so Scott advises delaying the shift from the adapted to the early variety as long as possible.
There is another reason for delaying the shift to early varieties. Plant height is also influenced by day length. Late- planted soybeans grow better than early-planted beans. Varieties grow shorter when they are moved very far south of their area of adaptation. Couple this with a delay in planting and dry weather, and disappointment often results. So planting soybeans in central and southern Illinois after July 5-10 isn't recommended even though some of the earlier varieties will easily mature before the first killing frost.
In northern Illinois, varieties with the maturity of Harosoy should mature if planted by mid- June. Chippewa is a good risk until June 30.
In north-central Illinois, varieties in Harosoy' s maturity range usually mature before frost if planted as late as the last of
June.
Wayne and Shelby may be planted until late June and Harosoy until July 5-10 in central Illinois.
In south-central Illinois, Wayne and Shelby may be planted
until July 5-10. In southern Illinois, Clark and Kent may be planted
until July 5-10. But remember weather limitations on late-planted
beans, Scott concludes.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Beef Specialists Answer Questions About Urea
URBANA — Few cattle feed ingredients in history have received as much attention as has been given to urea during the past few years.
University of Illinois extension beef specialists Harry Russell and Terry Greathouse note that a large share of the questions they receive from cattle feeders deal with urea and its use. Here are their answers to some of the most common questions asked about urea: What is urea, and how expensive is it?
Urea is a concentrated source of nitrogen — actually a high- grade nitrogen fertilizer. Urea generally costs about $100 per ton, depending upon location and volume. What is the protein equivalent of urea?
The protein equivalent of 100 lb. of urea is 262% as compared with 100 lb. of soybean meal at 44%. Each 100 lb. of urea contains 42 lb. of nitrogen. Protein is about 16% nitrogen, so each 6 1/4 lb. of protein contains 1 lb. of nitrogen (100 ? 16 = 6.25) . Thus the protein equivalent of 100 lb. of urea equals 42 x 6.25 — 262. Recently urea has been manufactured containing 45% nitrogen (45 x 6.25 - 281) . Is 1 lb. of urea equal to 6 or 7 lb. of soybean meal?
No. Urea furnishes only nitrogen and contains no energy,
vitamins or minerals. Natural proteins furnish other nutrients,
especially energy, that are of value to cattle. To make 1 lb. of
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urea equal 6 or 7 lb. of soybean meal, you must mix it with some
quick source of energy, such as molasses or corn. Therefore, 1 lb.
of urea plus 6 lb. of corn equals 7 lb. of soybean meal.
How do you make the all-in-one high urea corn silage that I have
been hearing about?
Trials at Illinois with all-in-one high urea corn silage have used a mixture of 1,500 lb. of corn silage, 16 lb. of urea (42% nitrogen-" 262") , 5 lb. of trace-mineralized salt, 10 lb. of feeding-grade limestone, and 469 lb. of ground shelled corn. This makes a complete finishing ration for beef cattle.
Is it best to use protein supplements containing urea with low-grade roughage rations?
No. A pound of protein from a supplement containing urea is no better, and probably no worse, than a pound from natural ingredients, such as linseed meal. This is true whether the roughage is high quality, like corn silage, or low quality, like corncobs. However, the supplement and ration must contain enough high-energy feed for proper rumen bacterial action. If urea is no better than other sources of protein, why use it?
Because it is cheap and offers a way of making beef cattle supplements at a lower price. If you can buy a urea supplement cheap enough to make a pound of protein cheaper than you can get in such materials as soybean and linseed meal, it is a good buy (if fiber content is not above 10%) . If the fiber content is 10% or more, it is a good sign that the natural ingredients that were saved by using urea were replaced with low-quality feeds. How can I tell how much urea is mixed in a supplement?
Levels of urea in a feed may be quoted ass
a. Percent of urea in the feed. If the amount of urea is
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stated as percent, multiply this figure by 2.62 to determine the
"percent protein equivalent" furnished by the urea.
b. Percent of total protein furnished as urea. If the urea level is stated as "percent protein equivalent furnished by urea," divide this figure by 2.62 to determine how much urea was used in the feed. How is urea converted to protein?
The microorganisms in the rumen require protein for their growth. They can manufacture the needed protein from the nitrogen contained in urea when they have an adequate supply of readily available carbohydrates. Urea does not furnish any carbohydrates; therefore, urea should be mixed with high-energy feeds, such as grain or molasses. How should high-urea supplements be used in beef cattle rations?
Because urea is extremely soluble and its nitrogen becomes available very quickly in the rumen, it is not well adapted to periodic feeding. However, in a continuous feeding program (self- feeding, etc.) when rations are adequate in energy, minerals and vitamins, urea supplements should be utilized as well as soybean meal.
Answers to questions about urea, vitamin A, protein
supplements, feed additives, cattle parasites, silage, feed
preparation and space and equipment for beef are available in the new
U. of I. booklet, "1966 Beef Cattle Management Suggestions." You can
get a copy from your farm adviser or from the U. of I. Department of
Animal Science, 328 Mumford Hall, Urbana, Illinois 61801.
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Six Illinois Students Win
Ag Communications Scholarships
URBANA — Six students majoring in agricultural communications at the University of Illinois have been selected to receive $250 scholarships for the 1966-67 school year.
The scholarships are sponsored by the Chicago Board of Trade for Illinois youths who show interest and outstanding promise of contributing in that career field.
Those selected are David Althaus, sophomore from LaRose; Larry Gutterridge, senior from Oakwood; Ronald Henrichs, junior from Danforth; Kenneth Kahle, junior from Wauconda? Ron Scherer, senior from Claremont? and Darrell Smith, sophomore from Mount Carroll.
At the university next fall, the students will continue their study in farm radio and television broadcasting, agricultural public relations, advertising, writing and editing of farm publications, or photography. The agricultural communications study program is offered by the College of Agriculture, in which they will be enrolled.
This is the second year in which these scholarships have been offered. The Chicago Board of Trade's support has allowed participation by continuing students for the first time.
A growing gap between supply and demand for qualified men prompted the effort to encourage ag communications careers. During recent years there has been an average of six to eight job openings per graduate.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Higher Milk Supports Benefit Industry, Cause Little Change In Consumer Prices
URBANA — Increasing government price supports on milk as much as 25 cents per 100 pounds would be a sensible move and would benefit the dairy industry, according to a University of Illinois dairy marketing economist.
R. W. Bartlett says that the factors supporting such action are a strong upward trend in consumer income, large export demand for American farm products, high domestic demand for beef and other products that compete with milk, and a relative decrease in milk production.
The suggested price-support increase should not boost prices to consumers, since manufacturing prices are already higher than the suggested support price, Bartlett notes.
In the United States, roughly 60 billion pounds of milk are used annually for fluid milk and other grade A products, Bartlett says. Another 60 billion pounds are used in dairy products bought at a manufacturing price.
One advantage of a higher support price for manufacturing milk is that it would undergird the price of all dairy products. And while the actual price for manufactured milk is slightly higher than the support price would be with a 25-cent increase, supporting the price at this level is more likely to insure a sufficient supply of milk to meet market demands.
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In giving a background for the current milk situation, Bartlett explains that the period from 1932 to 1966 may be divided into three periods, as follows:
— Between 1932 and 1952, there was a definite upward trend in milk prices.
— Between 1952 and 1964, milk prices were moving either downward or laterally.
— Between 1964 and 1966, there has been a definite upward trend in milk prices.
Since the end of World War II, the purchasing power of consumer income in the United States has been increasing, Bartlett points out. And on the basis of available facts, it is likely to continue to increase during the next decade.
This increase has been accompanied by a corresponding or
even greater increase in the purchasing power of free Europe and
Japan. These countries are absorbing increasing quantities of
American farm products, so the economic base for both domestic and
foreign demand is strong. Although the volume of exported dairy
products is small, dairying is affected by the strong competition of
both domestic and foreign demand for other farm products, Bartlett
says.
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Seven Illinois Cows Topped 1,000 Pounds Butterfat in 1965
URBANA — For the first time in the 43-year history of the Illinois 600-Pound Butterfat Club, the top seven cows exceeded 1,000 pounds of butterfat. And all of the top 10 produced more than 950 pounds, according to University of Illinois extension dairy scientist J. G. Cash.
The highest producing cow was a registered Holstein owned by Jim Beane of Godfrey. She produced 1,102 pounds of butterfat.
Other producers with cows in the top 10 were Mar-Ral Farm, Algonquin; Clarence Becker, Alhambra; Lautenschlaeger Bros., Mascoutah; Rosewood Farm, Roselle; Louis Poehls, Belvidere; Bonebright and Hutmacher, Freeport; Truman and Allene Pocklington, Shipman; and Laverne Peterson, Sterling.
Cash says 4,480 cows owned by 999 different DHIA members qualified for the club. One hundred five members owned 10 or more cows that qualified.
Mayfair Management Company of Woodstock topped all herds / with 52 cows that qualified with 600 or more pounds of butterfat during a 305-day lactation.
Other owners with 25 or more cows that qualified were Windy Knoll Farm, Crystal Lake, 49; Rolling Acres Farm, Elgin, 44; Elmer Klenke, New Douglas, 39; Rosewood Farm, Roselle, 33; Clarence Becker, Alhambra, 28; Edwin Walberg, Garden Prairie, 27; Calvin Brothers, Rosamond, 26; Weldon and Leslie Long, Sterling, 26; and Ralph Nichols and Son, Hebron, 26.
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The Illinois 500-Pound Butterfat Club was organized 43
years ago to focus attention on the many high-producing cows and
herds in the state. Because of improved production, the program was
changed to the Illinois 600-Pound Butterfat Club on January 1, 1959.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
State FFA Judging Contest Will Be Held June 23 In Urbana
URBANA — About 1,500 Illinois farm boys will compete in the State FFA Judging Contest in Urbana on June 23. The contest is sponsored by the Illinois Association of Vocational Agriculture Teachers.
According to IAVAT president John C. Baker, Bridgeport, contest divisions to be judged include livestock, dairy, poultry and grain. IAVAT directors in charge of divisions include Virgil Foster, Henry, livestock; Charles Harn, Fairview, dairy; Max Grinnell, Vandalia, poultry; and Charles Schettler, Wapella, grain.
University of Illinois College of Agriculture staff members will select the winners in each division. The winning teams in the contest will represent Illinois in the national FFA judging contests this fall in Kansas City, Missouri, and Waterloo, Iowa.
Judging contests help to stimulate the vocational
agriculture student's interest in developing skills in proper
selection of livestock, poultry and grain. These contests enable the
boys to put classroom instruction into practice.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
What Farmers Should Expect From Lenders
URBANA — Today's farmer without ready capital faces the same disadvantage as one without adequate land or adequate labor, according to Harold Primm, general manager of Agricultural Business Service Company, Bloomington.
No longer is borrowing looked upon as a step down the economic ladder, Primm stated. Some very successful farmers are never out of debt, they don't intend to be and their debt grows as their net assets and net worth grow. Borrowing pays if the money can be invested to earn more than the interest on the loan.
Speaking at the recent PCA Fieldmen's Conference at the University of Illinois, Primm listed these main points that a farmer should expect from lenders with whom he does business:
He should expect the type of loan to fit his needs — short term, intermediate term or long term. Sometimes he may need a special type of loan.
He should expect a repayment plan to fit his needs. Payments should come due after harvest, or after sale of livestock. He should not be saddled with outmoded or unrealistic repayment plans.
He should expect to be treated as a businessman, receiving confidential and courteous consideration. He appreciates doing business with an agriculturally trained credit man, one who knows farming as well as finance.
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He should expect a fair and competitive interest rate. He should expect to pay interest only on the amount of money he uses and for the actual period that he borrows it. A good lender will not wait until repayment time and then tell a farmer how much interest he owes. He will show his customer how the interest is figured, and how the charges might have been higher if figured in some other way.
He should expect help over tight spots. Farming is a risky business, and there will be some bad times as well as good.
He should expect one-source credit and one-stop service. And there may be times when he may need help in emergencies outside regular office hours.
He should expect a line of credit with a maximum amount he can borrow as he needs it.
He should expect a thorough check on his collateral and on
his farming operation as he plans to carry it out.
He should expect sound counseling. The lender should go over the credit application with his farmer customers, as well as everything else that might affect the loan. He should also expect advice and counsel on estate planning. If a lender does not feel qualified to give advice, he should suggest people who can help plan the transfer of the farm estate to the next generation.
He should expect treatment as an individual — not like everybody else. Farming is an individual business, and credit for each operator will depend on his special circumstances, his ability to use credit and his prospects for success.
At the same time, Primm emphasized, lenders should expect farmers to keep them informed of any important changes in their farm operation and also to keep good farm business records.
While we used to borrow for a rainy day, now we borrow for
an umbrella, Primm concluded.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Researches Cost Of Converting Gasoline Tractors To LP-Gas
NOTE TO EDITORS: See AGRI-PIX for photo to accompany this article.
URBANA — University of Illinois research just completed showed a cost of $350 to convert a gasoline tractor to LP-gas and still maintain maximum horsepower.
"The conversion could have been made for as low as $270 by making only the basic changes needed on the tractor," explains ag engineer Marvin Janssen.
"The basic conversion kit includes an LP-gas, carburetor, fuel regulator, tank, fuel filter and spark plugs. However, to maintain maximum horsepower, we also had to replace the regular pistons with high-altitude pistons."
Janssen notes that high-altitude pistons boost compression up to the 9:1 ratio needed for maximum LP tractor power. Without the new pistons, maximum power would be about 12 percent below that of the gasoline tractor before conversion.
"An intermediate step costing about $290 would be to make the basic necessary changes — carburetor, regulator, tank, fuel filter and spark plugs — and replace the modified gasoline-manifold with an LP-manifold, " Janssen explains. "The LP-manifold costs about $20, and our tests showed that fuel efficiency would be higher than with the modified gasoline-manifold."
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U. of I. ag engineers note that a number of considerations beyond cost of conversion are important in deciding whether to switch to LP-gas.
"Storage facilities needed for LP-gas and the relative price difference between it and gasoline are two important factors, " Janssen explains. "If you already have some storage space because you use LP for home heating, for a crop dryer or for water heaters, your decision to switch the tractor to LP will be easier than if this storage is not available."
In considering relative price for the two fuels, Janssen says a rough rule of thumb is that LP-gas will compete economically with gasoline if the price per pound of the two fuels is equal.
Gasoline weighs 6.1 pounds per gallon. LP-gas weighs 4.25 pounds per gallon. Therefore, LP-gas generally has to cost about 13 cents per gallon to compete with gasoline at about 18 cents per gallon. LP tractors consume about 1.25 times as much fuel per hour as gasoline tractors.
Hours of use per year and. the number of those hours that will be under heavy or maximum load also figure in a decision to convert to LP-gas.
"The heavier the load, the higher the fuel consumption, " Janssen explains. "If LP-gas is saving you 5 cents per gallon over gasoline, the more gallons you plan to use, the more justification you have for switching to LP."
U. of I. researcher J. A. Weber notes that some conversions
involve a large increase in the size of the carburetor venturi. This
change will boost maximum horsepower slightly. But it will also alter
the lugging characteristics of the tractor. U. of I. researchers
recommend switching to an LP-carburetor rather than remodeling a
gasoline carburetor.
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Weber notes that, although repair costs should be less for the LP-gas than for the gasoline tractor, the difference is less than might be expected.
"That's because the engine, where most of the savings occur, is responsible for only about half of the total repair costs, " Weber explains. "Repairs on hydraulic systems, tr?nsmissions and tires should be equal for the two tractor types."
Studies show that over a ten-year period LP-gas tractors should have one less major piston, piston ring and sleeve overhaul than gasoline tractors. Spark plug life would be longer on the LP- gas tractor, but servicemen generally agree that the rest of the ignition system must be in better shape to get satisfactory LP-gas operation.
U. of I. ag engineers stress that maintenance practices
followed by the owner have a great deal more to do with repair
costs than the type of fuel.
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UI Research Shows Uneven Milking Intervals Have Little Effect On Total Milk Production
NOTE TO EDITORS: See the AGRI-PIX for table to accompany this article.
CORVALLIS, Ore. — University of Illinois dairy research shows that dairymen can milk at intervals as unequal as 9 and 15 hours with no more than a 2 to 3 percent drop in production of cows at peak lactation.
"Uneven milking intervals showed no effect on milk production for cows studied over a complete lactation, and no effect on butterfat percentage for either peak production or complete lactation.
"The study indicates that milking at uneven intervals is economically feasible. And it gives the dairyman much more flexibility in his total farming operation, " dairy scientist S. L. Spahr reported here this week during the annual meeting of the American Dairy Science Association.
"As a result of the research, we have changed our milking hours for the U. of I. herd from a 4:00 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. schedule to a 6:00 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. schedule," he explained. "Since the change, we've found no noticeable production difference that we can attribute to milking interval."
Spahr cited two U. of I. tests aimed at studying the effects of uneven milking intervals.
The first test included two complete lactations for 82 cows. Researchers milked the cows at 12-12-hour intervals during one lactation and 9-15-hour intervals during the other one. There were no significant production differences.
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"We conducted a second study to find the effect of unequal milking intervals on cows at peak production, " Spahr explained.
In that test, U. of I. researchers selected 20 Brown Swiss and Holstein cows producing at least 55 pounds of milk daily. They tested all cows on both 12-12-hour and 9-15-hour intervals. Results are shown in the table. (EDITORS: SEE AGRI-PIX.)
"The cows averaged 72.38 pounds of milk daily while being milked at 12-12-hour intervals and 70.37 pounds when they were milked at 9-15-hour intervals, " Spahr said. "The production difference of about 2 pounds of milk daily was statistically significant."
"However, neither fat percentages nor milk fat yield differences were significant for the two milking intervals. Fat percentages were 3.69 for the 12-12-hour interval and 3.70 for the 9-15-hour schedule.
The study showed that the milk fat percentage of individual
milkings was markedly affected by the milking interval. Milk obtained
after the long interval contained 3.23 percent fat. Fat rose to
4.42 percent after the 9-hour interval.
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
1966 Aq College Graduates Report $6, 572 Average Starting Salaries
URBANA — Average starting salaries reported by 1966 University of Illinois College of Agriculture gra^u- tes set a rew hjgh, according to Warren K. Vessels, assistant dean.
The average annual salary reported by June graduates was $6,572 compared with §6,109 in 1965 *.nd $5,911 in 1964.
However, only graduates taking full-time employment are included in thi i salary survey, Wessels points out. It does not include those going into graduate school or military service.
Among the 131 men and two women who completed their B. S. degrees in agriculture, about 47 percent decided to do graduate work or additional study in other fields. Military service claimed 21 percent of the graduating class. Agricultural business and industry employed 10 percent. Vocational agriculture teaching attracted 8 percent of the class. U. S. government agencies and miscellaneous jobs each took 4 percent. Four percent were still undecided at the time of the survey.
This year, as in recent years, the demand for agricultural
college graduates was much greater than the number of qualified
people to fill these jobs, Wessels reports.
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UI Specialists Report Economics Of Egg Processing On The Farm
URBANA — Most of the economies of scale in processing eggs on the farm occur by the time flock size reaches 25,000 layers, according to research by University of Illinois agricultural economists.
A recent study showed that processing costs fell from 7.02 cents to 4.84 cents per dozen eggs as flock size increased from 1,000 to 25,000 layers. As flock size expanded from 25,000 to 100,000 layers, processing costs declined only an additional 0.66 cent per dozen.
Estimated costs of delivering eggs decreased from 7.0 cents to 0.5 cent per dozen as flock size increased from 1,000 to 100,000 birds.
Producers with 100,000 layers made a return to management of 3.7 cents per dozen by processing and delivering eggs rather than selling them to wholesalers. Comparable returns for producers with 1,000 layers were -1.0 cent per dozen. But the smaller producer could get a management return of 1.6 cents per dozen by reusing egg cartons and making egg deliveries in a general-purpose vehicle instead of buying a special vehicle for this purpose.
The research also showed that Illinois egg producers with fewer than 2,800 layers market a greater proportion of eggs direct to retailers and consumers than do producers with larger flocks. But the data suggest that direct marketing activities increase again as flock size expands beyond 25,000 layers.
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In carrying out the study, the economists obtained equipment cost data from manufacturers of egg-processing equipment and interviewed a sample of producers who market eggs direct to retailers and consumers. Then they developed synthetic models of seven egg- processing plants designed to handle the eggs from seven distinct flock sizes ranging from 1,000 to 100,000 layers. Cost of processing eggs in each of the seven plants was then determined.
A description of the models and data on costs of processing
eggs on the farm should be of particular value to producers who are
considering adding egg-processing operations to their egg production
enterprises, researchers believe.
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JAPtbg 7/1/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
tT'fii
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Proposed Federal Milk Orders Are Desirable, Economist Says
URBANA- -Federal milk order regulations proposed for 13 counties in Illinois and an extension of the St. Louis suburban milk order to 30 additional Illinois counties would be desirable to round out milk pricing under federal orders in the state, according to a University of Illinois dairy marketing economist.
R. W. Bartlett says that more than three decades of milk pricing in Illinois show that:
— Federal milk orders have helped to insure integrity in milk pricing to distributors in distributing proceeds to producers.
— Even while operating under decreasing or even prices during much of the 1952-64 period, federal orders have helped to stabilize the marketing of milk where they have been used.
Federal orders have responded to a recent decrease in milk production by increasing milk prices enough to insure consumers an adequate supply of milk, Bartlett says. Higher milk prices have been necessary to maintain milk production in competition with high meat and grain prices and increased demand for labor.
In June 1966 the average milk price in more than 100 manu- facturing plants in Minnesota and Wisconsin was $4.65 per 100 pounds of milk. This price was 45 cents, or a cent a quart, higher than that of a year earlier.
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Bartlett explains that Grade A milk for fluid markets com- petes with milk manufactured into butter, cheese and frozen dairy desserts. When prices for these products increase, milk prices must also increase. In addition, Class I prices in most markets have been increased at least 22 cents per 100 pounds. The increase in prices to producers thus represents an increased cost of about 1 1/2 cents a quart.
The proposed federal orders for central Illinois and for the St. Louis suburban order will tend to keep Class I prices in those areas in line with Chicago prices. While Chicago is temporarily operating without an order, it is expected to be back under federal regulation within a few months, Bartlett says.
The 13 counties in the proposed central Illinois order are Cass, Ford, Fulton, Knox, Livingston, Marshall, Mason, McDonough, Peoria, Stark, Tazewell, Warren and Woodford. Population in these counties totals about 600,000.
The 30 additional counties in the proposed St. Louis
suburban order are Champaign, Christian, Clark, Clay, Coles, Crawford,
Cumberland, DeWitt, Douglas, Edgar, Edwards, Effingham, Hamilton,
Jasper, Lawrence, Logan, Macon, McLean, Menard, Morgan, Moultrie,
Piatt, Richland, Saline, Sangamon, Shelby, Vermilion, Wabash, Wayne
and White.
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JAP:pg 7/19/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Good Corn Crop Still Possible
URBANA--A good corn crop — by any standards except the last two record-breaking years--is possible for 1966, but the next two weeks will tell the story, report University of Illinois extension agronomists S. R. Aldrich and W. 0. Scott.
The U. of I. agronomists have just completed a statewide inspection of the state's cornfields. Here's what they found:
Despite late planting--especially in the southern half of the state — corn is tasseling about on schedule, but slightly behind the most recent years. South of Mattoon, tasseling will generally be much later because wet fields held up planting this spring. The most crucial time for corn — the pollination period — should occur in the northern half of the state in the next 10 to 14 days — soon after August 1. Normal weather, including adequate rainfall, during this period would still mean that Illinois farmers could harvest a good corn crop. But they should be prepared, to accept much less than the state's record-breaking 92-bushel average attained last year, the agronomists caution.
Probably because of wet fields this spring, the corn crop shows more variation in size than usual. Stands also vary — especially in early-planted fields — again because of wet conditions this spring.
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The area of greatest moisture stress appears to be in a strip about 60 miles wide from Champaign to Springfield to St. Louis. Within this area, the condition and size of corn vary greatly, depend- ing on date of planting and other management practices.
Apparently high amounts of fertilizer, especially nitrogen, has made corn more tolerant to dry weather than it previously was. This year's dry weather is comparable to that of 1936, 1954 and 1955. But even where corn needs moisture desperately, the crop isn't yellow- ing as it has in the past, says Aldrich.
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JJT:pg 7/22/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. OF I. RESEARCH BRIEFS
Value Of A Good Bull
A study of bulls used in four Illinois beef performance testing herds indicates what kind of return you can expect from the extra money you have to invest in a good bull.
For example, 205-day adjusted weights for offspring from six bulls used in one of the herds showed a difference of 65 pounds per calf between the high and the low sire average.
Multiply that difference by 25 cents a pound. The result is $16.25 more per calf for the bull with the high sire average. When the figures are carried a step further to assume 25 calves per bull, the best bull in this herd is worth at least $406.25 more than the poorest bull.
Differences in sire averages among the best and poorest bulls
in the other three herds studied were 30, 97 and 100 pounds per calf.
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Check Boar Performance
When you go to buy that new boar, remember that his per- formance will have to be substantially superior to your herd average if he's going to improve your stock.
Since the boar's offspring will be gilts and barrows, they'll be about 1/2 inch shorter, have about 1/4 inch more backfat, reach 200 pounds about two weeks later than the boar did and require about 40 pounds more feed to produce 100 pounds of gain.
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Economists Study Chicago Markets To Help City With Urban Renewal
Chicago, long the paramount marketplace of the Midwest, is being studied by University of Illinois agricultural economists to help city officials draft an urban renewal program for wholesale food facilities.
Economists will investigate present physical facilities; the number and kinds of firms that process, store and wholesale food; and commodity flows.
Preliminary research of the Chicago situation reflects the trend away from terminal marketing. In 1952, for example, about 2,000 cars of fresh fruits and vegetables were received at one major rail- road point. But in 1961 this volume had decreased to between 400 and 500 cars annually.
In 1952 about 6.7 million head of cattle, calves, hogs and sheep were received at Chicago. By 1961 the volume had declined to 4 million head.
In 1954 butter receipts reached a peak of 304 million pounds, but 1959 receipts totaled only 208 million pounds. Cheese receipts decreased from a peak of 139 million pounds in 1953 to 53 million pounds in 1959. But produce milk receipts increased 9.4 percent, from 2, 784 million pounds to 3, 646 million.
Economists hope that this study will reveal useful informa- tion for planning the location, type and size of new market facilities.
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HDNtJAPspg 7/22/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Logan County Swine Farm Selected For State Farm Management Tour
URBANA — The Wilbur and Carl Paulus farm, six miles northwe st of Lincoln, has been selected for the state farm management tour on September 7. The farm features a highly profitable confinement hog raising facility and a modern grain handling and feed processing plant with 60, 000-bushel capacity.
Wilbur Paulus was one of seven 1964 winners of the Superior Swine Producer Award, sponsored by the Illinois Pork Council and the University of Illinois Cooperative Extension Service.
Visitors will see a remodeled nursery building, a time- tested confinement finishing building with partial slotted floor er.d weighing and loading facility, and a pneumatic conveyor system for efficient feed handling.
The farm also has a cattle-feeding enterprise with cap-city for 260 head per year.
New cropping practices and machinery have been introduced to save labor and get top production value per man. This year Paulus shifted to 30-inch corn rows with an eight-row planter arid four- row harvesting equipment. He is now considering the use of a Fricidome storage and drying unit. This unit, which use-3 frigid air to cool 25,000 bushels of wet corn, would save Paulus the storage capacity to keep the corn moving as fast as it came from the field.
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This 663-acre, 2 1/2-man farm has $33 more costs per acre than similar farms, but $49 more returns. Farm management specialists predict that the efficient, profitable hog production demonstrated on this farm suggests the blueprint for 1975 farming.
The tour is sponsored by the Illinois Farm Bureau Farm Management Service and the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service. Extension specialists and farm management fieldmen will be present to discuss this farm operation.
The farm is located 1.7 miles north of the junction of
U. S. 66 and Illinois 121 at Lincoln, two miles west, one mile north
and one mile west. If you want to attend the pork-chop barbecue, make
reservations with your farm adviser.
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HDG:pg 7/26/66
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Kane County Farm Featured
On Northern Farm Management Tour
URBANA — A father-son partnership farm business has been selected for the northern Illinois district farm management tour on August 31. Donald and Eldon Gould, whose farm lies 3 1/2 miles south of Elburn, 4.3 miles west and one mile north, will host the tour be- ginning at 1:15 p.m.
Visitors will see and hear how Eldon, a University of Illi- nois agriculture graduate, entered into partnership with his father and how they are now making decisions about the best way to develop and expand their corn and hog enterprises.
Some of these decisions involve the harvesting, feeding or marketing of their expanding corn output. The Goulds have been rais- ing 100 litters of hogs a year and have now made plans to expand to 180 litters.
Last year they built a new confinement, slotted floor, con- trolled ventilation farrowing house. They are also considering a finishing building if their farm records continue to show that hogs are profitable for them.
The Goulds will produce 540 acres of corn and 160 acres of beans this year. To do this they have used the latest fertilization and weed control practices. Part of the tour will feature a discussion of harvesting, drying, storing and marketing choices for their grain. Discussion leaders include E. E. Golden, DeKalb county farm adviser? Frank Andrew, U. of I. agricultural engineer? and R. B. Schwart, U. of I. farm management specialist.
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William R. Oschwald, U. of I. extension soils specialist, will discuss soil types and yield capability. D. F. Wilken, U. of I, farm management extension specialist will summarize the management lessons to be learned from the farm.
The tour is sponsored by the Northeastern Illinois Farm Bureau Farm Management Association and the U. of I. Cooperative Ex- tension Service. All interested persons are invited to attend.
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Management Tour Features Montgomery, Christian County Farms
URBANA — Two well-managed and efficient farms, a dairy opera- tion southwest of Pana and a grain farm east of Harvel, have been selected for the southern district farm management tour on August 30.
The Clavin brothers dairy farm, four miles west, three miles south and 1 1/2 miles west of Pana, will be featured on the morning stop. Beginning at 10 a.m., visitors will see this 370-acre farm with a 140-cow herd that averaged 14,500 pounds of milk per cow last year. The operators use a drylot feeding system. Other interesting features include the feeding-materials handling system, free stalls and manure handling methods, the holding pen, and the equipment for producing and handling roughage.
The Clavins have achieved an outstanding record, surpassing similar farms with $62 more value of product per acre and only $26 more cost. Facilities and management practices used on this farm suggest a "blueprint for 1975, " according to University of Illinois farm management specialists.
Farm management fieldmen, farm advisers and U. of I. ex- tension dairy specialists will be present to answer questions.
At 1:30 p.m. the tour moves to the Robert Seifert — J. G. Lockwood farm, 1 1/4 miles east of the water tower in Harvel. On this 700-acre grain operation, visitors will see how Seifert has averaged 135 bushels of corn, 39 bushels of soybeans and 49 bushels of wheat for the past three years. They will also see a farm with nearly three times more management returns than on similar farms.
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Operator Seifert and owner Lockwood have shared in the investment of grain handling and storage facilities that includes 32, 000-bushel capacity bin storage and a 50-foot elevator leg for grain drying and handling.
William R. Oschwald, U. of I. extension soils specialist, will discuss soil type and yield capability of soils on this farm.
The tour is sponsored by the Lincoln Farm Bureau Farm Manage- ment Association and the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service. All interested persons are invited to attend.
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HDG:pg 7/26/66
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS \T )
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Farm Editors Research Report
UI Tests Solar Heating
In Swine Confinement Buildings
(EDITOR'S NOTE: See July Agri-Pix for photos to accompany this story.)
URBANA — Three confinement swine buildings in western Illinois that feature solar-heated ventilation systems have successfully withstood the rigors of two winters and a typically humid midwest summer. All indications are that they may be the forerunners of many confinement buildings of the future.
University of Illinois agricultural engineer Marvin Hall says the solar- heated buildings reduce winter heating costs and insulation costs. He believes the heat saved in one winter can more than pay the extra costs of building the solar collector into confinement buildings.
"In our tests, approximately 14,1+00 BTU of heat normally lost per hour through the ceiling was picked up and returned to the building through the venti- lation system," Hall explains.
"A heat study run in one of the solar houses from January 28 through February 28 showed an average inside temperature of 66° F. and 53 percent relative humidity. During the same period, average outside temperature was 27° F. and the relative humidity was 30 percent."
After subtracting heat from hogs and heat produced by an auxiliary LP- gas boiler, U. of I. researchers figured that the solar heating unit was producing approximately 195,^00 BTU per hour on a 2^-hour average during the 30-day test.
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With LP -gas at 10 cents a gallon, it would have cost about $188 for the LP boiler to maintain the test environment in a similar building without solar heat construction. Heat gained from solar radiation cut the total furnace fuel bill to $70.
"Of course, we maintained a much better environment in this building than you will find on any farm I know about," Hall explains. "Savings would vary with the type of environment maintained in the building."
Three on-the-farm swine buildings were used in the solar heating tests. One was a 26 x 80 foot farrowing unit for 26 sows. The other two were 32-foot- wide nursery-finishing buildings, one 112 feet long and the other ll+2 feet long.
Key ingredients of the solar heating systems are corrugated steel roof- ing, an air collection duct in the center of the roof, and an air distribution duct that runs the length of the roof peak.
When the ventilation unit is in operation, air is always pulled perpen- dicularly to the corrugations to pick up as much radiant heat as possible from the steel roofing.
"Fans pull air in from gable ends of the building and draw it under the entire roof area into the central collection duct," Hall explains. "The air flows to the duct through a 1 5/8-inch gap that 2 x k inch purlins create between the rafters and the corrugated steel roofing.
"We've placed three inches of fiberglass insulation on the ceiling between the 2x8 inch rafters, leaving seven inches of space for air to be warmed by the sun."
Fans mounted in the distribution duct pull the warm air along the duct and force it down into the building. It is exhausted through automatic gravity- type shutters mounted in the side walls.
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During the night and on cloudy days, a gas -fired hot -water boiler supple- ments the solar air system. Two rows of plastic pipe laid in the concrete circulate the hot water through the floor. Two rows of 3/^-inch galvanized pipe fastened to the metal ceiling also heat the air and radiate heat directly onto the hogs.
For summer ventilation, the producers simply reverse the duct fans and "blow air out under the roof. They can also open sidewall panels that run the length of the building. Researchers believe the ventilation system's summer cool- ing features may prove as important as its winter heat-saving capabilities.
Hall says the maximum solar heating temperature rise recorded for air entering the building was hk degrees. At that time (3:00 p.m.) the outside air temperature was 10° F. There was a complete snow cover on the ground and a bright sun. Solar heating alone boosted the inside temperature to $k F.
"The minimum temperature rise was 1^ degrees," Hall explains. "On that day there was no snow cover at 3:00 p.m. and the outside temperature was 28° F."
Outside temperature seems to have little effect on the amount of heat
gained from the steel roofing. Important factors are light intensity and wind
velocity. Studies to date indicate that building orientation has little effect
on either winter heating or summer cooling.
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HEN:pg 8/2/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Farm Editors Research Report
Lamb Chops That Look Like Pork Chops
(EDITOR'S NOTE: See July AGRI-PIX for photo to accompany this story.)
URBANA — In the meat case, lamb chops have suffered in comparison with pork chops. They are so much smaller. And that isn't surprising. After all, we are comparing a lamb chop cut from an animal weighing 85 pounds with a pork chop cut from an animal weighing 200 pounds. Why, then, don't we slaughter lambs at heavier weights?
The custom of the market for many years has been to kill lambs weighing 85 to 100 pounds. Heavier weights tended to run fat. Too much fat then had to be trimmed.
But lamb management, breeding and feeding have changed. Lambs today gain more than twice as fast as the lambs of ton years ago. This means heavier weights on relatively young lambs. Why not slaughter, then, at 150 or 175 pounds?
Sheep resenrcher Jack Lewis says that such a practice would more than double ths amount of lamb meat produced without increasing ewe numbers. Packers cou'd double their output with essentially the same equipment and work force. The economies are obvious.
The .'i^stion remains: Will today's lamb yield the desired quality of carcass when slaughtered at these heavier weights?
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Researchers at the University of Illinois are trying to find out. They're feeding early -weaned lambs modern rations for fast gains. Periodically the lambs go into the Kk. counter, a research device that uses radioactive isotopes to measure the degree of meatiness in live animals. Further carcass checks will be made as lambs are slaughtered at weights of 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 pounds.
Lewis says a 150-pound lamb should yield about 90 pounrs of carcass
compared with a yield of about 50 pounds for a 100-pound lamb.
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HAC:HDN:pg 8/2/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Illinois Farm Youth Named FFA Regional Star Farmer
URBANA — A 20-year-old Illinois farm youth has been named FFA Regional Star Farmer for the 13-state central region by the national FFA organization. He is Gary Organ of McLeansboro, who is the immediate past president of the Illinois Association of Future Farmers of America.
Organ is only the fourth Illinois FFA member to receive the regional title in the past 35 years. His path to the regional title started with his being named the outstanding American Farmer Degree candidate at the State FFA Convention in June. Top candidates from 13 central states competed for the title, which includes a $500 cash award plus the right to compete for the national title.
Regional winners from New York, Mississippi and Washington will compete with Organ for the title of Star Farmer of the United States. The winner will be announced on October 13 at the National FFA Convention in Kansas City, Missouri.
Organ operates a 990-acre grain and livestock farm with the help of his grandfather and one hired man. Convinced that there is still plenty of opportunity in agriculture, Organ points out that he started with one beef heifer. He bought this heifer with money he received from the sale of a pony he had won at the county fair. He now owns a half interest in an 80-cow Aberdeen-Angus herd and has his sights set on an annual production of 1,200 head of swine. His advice to young men starting out in farming is "to use common sense and keep good records."
Besides being president of the Illinois FFA, Organ has served as a member of the Hamilton County Fair Board, as a member of the Aberdeen-Angus Breed Associa- tion and as president of the Farm Bureau Young People's Committee.
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GAK:pg 8/2/66
JULY 1966
NUMBER 7
Extension Editorial Office University of Illinois College of Agriculture Urbana, Illinois
J-1--HERE'S HOW SUN-HEATED VENTILATING AIR moves through and warms a confinement swine building developed by Illinois ag engineers. Ventilating fans pull air in from gable ends of the building and draw it under the corrugated steel roof into a central collection duct. The air then enters a distribution duct and is blown down into the building. The system has warmed ventilation air by as much as 44° F. on cold and sunny winter days.
J-2--OUTSIDE VIEWof 32 x 112 foot solar heated swine finishing building.
J-3--THIS K-40COUNTER HELPS ILLINOIS RESEARCHERS study whether they can feed lambs be- yond the usual 85 to 105 pound slaughter weight and still maintain carcass quality. Meatier carcasses in heavier lambs may be possible now since today's lambs gain more than twice as fast as lambs did just 10 years ago. The counter uses radio-active isotopes to measure the degreeof meatinessin live animals. Some lambs inthe test will be fed to weights of 150 and 175 pounds.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Illinois DHIA Herds Average
11,960 Pounds Milk; 456 Pounds Butterfat
URBANA — Dairy cows enrolled in Illinois Dairy Herd Improve- ment record-keeping programs outproduced the average of all cows in the state during the year ending in April by about 3,000 pounds of milk.
More than 70,000 cows in the 1,344 DHIA herds completing at least one year on test in April averaged 11,960 pounds of milk and 456 pounds of butterfat. These figures compare with 8,900 pounds of milk and 387 pounds of butterfat for all cows in the state.
Top herd in the state for the second year in a row was the Holstein herd owned by Edwin Walberg of Garden Prairie. Walberg's 38-cow herd averaged 18,213 pounds of milk and 691 pounds of fat.
That's the highest milk production level ever reached by an Illinois DHIA herd, and the butterfat average has been exceeded only once — by the Walberg herd in 1965.
Rosewood Farm at Roselle topped the Guernsey breed with 80 cows that averaged 12,824 pounds of milk and 642 pounds of butterfat. J. C. Piper and Sons of Sumner led the Jersey breed with 65 cows that averaged 10,314 pounds of milk and 565 pounds of fat.
Paul McDonald and Son, Princeton, again had the top-producing Ayrshire herd. His 26 cows averaged 13,435 pounds of milk and 566 pounds of fat. Raymond Eisenmann, Cissna Park, had the top Brown Swiss herd with 18 cows averaging 12,805 pounds of milk and 582 pounds of fat.
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All herds enrolled in DHIA have the milk weighed and tested
for butter fat by an impartial supervisor. The records are calculated
and analyzed by electronic data processing machines at the University
of Illinois.
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GWHtHDNspg 8/5/66
FOR P.M. RELEASE AUGUST 17, 1966
SPECIAL POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOCIATION COVERAGE
Midwestern Poultrymen Consider Percentage Contracts Good Compromise
LOGAN, UTAH — Despite a strong desire for independence, mid- western poultrymen are finding percentage egg contracts an attractive compromise between independent production and all-out contracting, according to a University of Illinois poultry scientist.
S. F. Ridlen today (August 17) told persons attending the Poultry Science Association at Utah State University that percentage contracts offer help to poultrymen who face rising investment costs without the capital or credit to operate alone. And fewer available markets have caused some farmers to turn over the marketing function to someone else.
Feed dealers and. hatcherymen are also choosing to share the risk because they can't afford to pay producers a flat rate per dozen eggs or per hen.
But an inequitable division of receipts and widely varying division of percentages are occurring in contract situations because of unrealistic and incomplete budgeting, Ridlen noted. And the con- tracting parties are also overlooking some important implications.
Because of this situation, Ridlen said that he and Illinois poultry scientist H. S. Johnson and agricultural economists J. R. Roush and R. P. Bentz had prepared a model to demonstrate a sound way to determine each party's inputs and receipts.
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The researchers studied the effects of varying egg prices and percentage divisions of gross egg receipts on gross annual egg returns. Because labor rates, pullet costs and feed prices vary, each was varied in the model to determine the effect on each party's income.
If performances are assumed to be equal at all price levels, a change of about 25 cents for hourly labor, about $3 a ton for feed or about 8 cents a started pullet shifted the proportion of egg re- ceipts to the producer, feedman or hatcheryman, respectively, by one percentage point, Ridlen reported.
Each percentage point change altered annual egg returns by 7 cents a hen to the producer, by 7 cents a pullet to the hatcheryman and by about $1.50 a ton to the feedman.
To figure these percentages, the researchers estimated the costs of producing a dozen eggs to determine what each of the three parties contributed to the contract. Once the inputs were evaluated on a cost figure basis, they figured division of the receipts so that each party received a percentage equal to the percentage he contributed
to the contract.
Ridlen said that some people might consider this approach too academic for field application, but he believes it is the only way to establish a solid, fair basis for share-the-risk contracts.
Although the decisions to be made in share-the-risk contracts do not differ from those in other contracts, there are some implica- tions that need special consideration, Ridlen pointed out. For example, what happens to the feedman if feed prices take a sudden sharp upward turn?
A sliding scale arrangement is being used in some programs to provide a cushion for such variables as feed cost, egg price, rate of lay, feed conversion and local taxes, Ridlen said. But such con- tracts need refinement before they are widely used, he believes.
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JAPsimg 8/5/66
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UI Dairy Economist Says Price Series Has Advantage Over Formula Prices
URBANA — The Minnesota-Wisconsin price series used to arrive at the Class I milk price in 67 of 76 federal milk marketing orders has an advantage over the formula prices previously used, according to a University of Illinois dairy marketing economist.
Reporting in the August issue of "Dairy Marketing Facts, " J. W. Gruebele says that the price series is better because competition for milk is keen in Minnesota and Wisconsin and technological changes and cost advantages are automatically reflected in the price paid to producers. And formula prices often lag in adjusting to these factors.
Gruebele points out that there has been a significant shift in Minnesota toward fewer and larger plants. The total number of dairy manufacturing plants declined from 938 in 1938 to 361 in 1963. There has also been a shift toward plants that manufacture both butter and powder. This shift has improved performance in the state's dairy
manufacturing industry.
Larger plants operate at lower per unit costs and realize larger net margins. And since 89 percent of the Minnesota plants are cooperatives, the returns to producers are higher. Because of cost savings, butter-powder plants are also able to pay producers a higher price for milk than either specialized butter or powder plants.
Gruebele says that improved over-all performance of the Minnesota industry is important to Illinois producers because better performance improves the paying ability of Minnesota plants and in- creases the Minnesota-Wisconsin prices. And the Minnesota-Wisconsin price series is used to compute the Class I and II prices in the fed- eral order markets affecting Illinois producers, Gruebele says.
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FFA Children's Barnyard Again At State Fair
URBANA — The Future Farmers of America "Children's Barnyard," an exhibit featuring live farm animals and their offspring, will agair be at the Illinois State Fair for the enjoyment of children and grown- ups alike. According to Illinois FFA President Enid Schlipf of Gridley, the barnyard exhibit provides a good opportunity for urban children to get a close look at the farm animals and poultry that they learn about in school.
Children and grownups alike will delight in the antics of performing chickens and duc?s. The chickens are trained to walk up a ramp and turn on a lig^t to get feed. The due' :s will be featured in a water show as they frolic on the duck slide.
In addition to seeing the chickens and ducks, visitors at the animal nursery will also see a dairy cow and calf, beef cow and calf, pony mare and colt, sow and litter of pigs, ewe and lamb, goat and kids, does and baby rabbits and a dog and puppies.
The FFA "Children's Barnyard" will be located just north of the State Police tower. The free exhibit opens Friday, August 12, and continues through Sunday, August 21.
Schlipf says that FFA officers will be on hand at all times
to answer visitors' questions, protect animal and human youngsters
from harm and explain how vocational agriculture and FFA train high
school boys for careers in a modern agriculture.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Pork Cookout Contest Scheduled For State Fair August 15
SPRINGFIELD — Backyard barbecuers who are looking for new cooking ideas to tempt the palates of summer guests can get some tips from the experts Monday morning, August 15, at the Illinois State Fair.
That's the time set for the finals of the Second Annual Illinois Pork Cookout Contest. The contest, which will be held in the street in front of the Fair's main grandstand, features winners of local cookout contests held earlier this summer in towns throughout the state.
State Fair visitors are invited to discuss cooking techniques and favorite recipes with the cooks during the contest. Recipes for dishes being prepared will be posted next to each contestant's grill. All contestants are men.
Each meat cut will be judged on taste, tenderness and appearance. Judges will also evaluate each contestant's cooking technique and showmanship ability. The contest winner will receive a portable TV set.
Judges include Miss Reba Staggs, home economist with the National Live Stock & Meat Board; John Story, an IGA meat merchandiser; and Charles E. Flynn, author of a weekly cooking column in a Cham- paign newspaper. Honorary judges are State Fair Manager Franklin Rust and State Director of Agriculture Bob Schneider.
The contest is sponsored by the Illinois Pork Producers'
Association, Swift and Company and the St. Louis Independent Packing
Company.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Dairy Scientist Reports Milk Fever Prevention Research
URBANA — University of Illinois dairy scientists have success- fully prevented milk fever in 11 of 12 herd cows with past histories of the disease by boosting grain consumption before the cows calved.
Results of the research were reported during the annual American Dairy Science Association meeting on the Oregon State Uni- versity campus.
Illinois dairy scientist K. A. Kendall said U. of I. re- searchers prevented milk fever by boosting grain feeding from the usual .5 percent or less of body weight to 1 percent of body weight during the final three weeks of the cow's pregnancy.
All 12 cows showed significantly higher blood levels of serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus after the heavier grain feeding program than they had after calvings that resulted in milk fever.
"Blood serum phosphorus to calcium ratios averaged 1:4.17 in cows fed grain at the .5 percent level," Kendall explained. "The average dropped to a more normal 1:2.42 ratio in cows getting heavier grain feeding before they calved."
Kendall noted that the serum phosphorus to calcium ratio in normal cows is usually about 1:2. A general pattern of milk fever problems appears when the ratio reaches 1:3.7.
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One cow Illinois researchers studied over three lactations developed milk fever when fed grain at .5 and .75 percent of body weight prior to calving. She did not contract milk fever after a third calving which was preceded by grain feeding at the 1 percent level.
Kendall said two Illinois commercial dairy farmers also
noted a marked drop in herd milk fever incidence after feeding grain
at the 1 percent rate or above during the last month of the dry period.
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UI Specialists Give Pointers For Feeding Drought Corn
URBANA — The best use of drought-damaged corn on livestock farms is probably for silage, say University of Illinois livestock and dairy specialists. However, they advise farmers to delay harvest as long as possible to take advantage of a possible rain.
"Rain could help grain development and add to the crop's feeding value," explains extension dairy scientist Leo Fryman. "If it doesn't rain, the main feed value loss would be from the few leaves that may dry up and fall off."
The U. of I. specialists discourage the use of drought- damaged corn as green chop or for pasture since both methods increase the potential for nitrate poisoning.
"Some fields of drought-damaged corn may have an abnormally high nitrate content, " says extension livestock specialist Harry Russell. "The greatest danger of nitrate poisoning in livestock comes from using the affected crop as forage immediately after a rain."
Russell points out that this nitrate buildup is temporary. The level will drop within a few days as the plants resume active growth.
Waiting two to three weeks before feeding the ensiled crop also will lower the nitrate content of the feed as nitrogen oxide gases form and escape from the silo.
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These gases are deadly and farmers should be careful in working around the forage. Always run the blower for several minutes before entering the silo and keep livestock and people away from the silos for 10 to 14 days after filling.
Russell notes that corn silage made from drought-damaged corn will probably have less feeding value than normal corn silage. Therefore livestockmen should take special care in estimating the per acre yield of forage and grain so they can properly supplement the silage when it is fed.
Farmers can feed green chopped silages or other forages
containing above-normal amounts of nitrate if they dilute the suspect
forages with good-quality roughages and grain. Animals receiving
high-energy rations can tolerate higher nitrate levels than those
fed relatively low-energy roughage rations.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special To Dailies and Weeklies
Incidence Of Rabies Up
URBANA — A recent report from the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine shows that the number of confirmed cases of rabies in Illinois has doubled in the past four years. In 1965 there were 316 confirmed cases of rabies in animals.
Rabies is usually associated with the "dog days" of August. However, U. of I. extension veterinarian Neil Becker says that rabies is a problem throughout the year. The greatest number of cases re- ported in 1965 occurred during March, April, July and August.
Adams, Vermilion, Champaign, Marion, Jefferson, Clinton, McLean and Pike counties reported the most cases. Some of these counties supported skunk control and trapping programs that contributed to the high number of reported rabies cases.
Skunks again topped the list of rabies carriers last year, with 157 positive cases reported. Dogs rated only fourth, with 19 reported cases. The report noted the growing concern about cats as rabies carriers. Last year 80 cases of rabies in cats were confirmed. Other important carriers were cattle with 24 cases, bats with 13 and foxes with 11.
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On a national basis there was nearly a 70 percent increase in fox rabies, but less than a 10 percent increase in dog rabies — an all-time low. Rabies in dogs has generally been well controlled in the city by required vaccination, licensing and confinement regulations. The marked increase in positive cases of cat rabies has prompted many health officials to recommend similar vaccination and confinement of pet cats.
Most rabies is transmitted by bite, because the rabies virus is located in the salivary glands. Veterinarian Becker says that the bite injects the virus along with the saliva into the wound. The virus travels up the nerves but does not cause any damage until it reaches the spinal cord and brain.
Then we see characteristic rabies signs, such as madness, incoordination and paralysis of the mouth that prevents the animal from swallowing. Complete paralysis occurs soon afterwards, and the
animal dies.
Becker gives these suggestions to pet owners and parents: Have your pet cat vaccinated, and keep it confined to your home and yard. Caution your children not to play with stray cats or dogs. Tell them not to try to catch wild animals. Report to the police or local health authorities all cases in which animals bite people or children.
If you or your child is bitten by an animal, contact your
family doctor immediately. Confine the animal if possible, but try
not to kill it. The series of shots for people bitten by suspected
rabid animals no longer causes many of the former side effects,
because improved vaccines have been developed.
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FOR RELEASE AFTER 11 A.M. MONDAY, AUGUST 15, 1966
Bentley Cites Need For
Future Agricultural Production
SPRINGFIELD — The Dean of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture optimistically called upon Illinois farmers to prepare for expanding their production to meet future needs.
Speaking before the Farm-City Day audience at the Illinois State Fair, Orville G. Bentley cited recent U. S. Department of Agri- culture estimates that project market demand increases of 40 to 50 percent for beef and veal, 50 percent for chicken and turkey, 20 per- cent for eggs and milk and 16 percent for pork from 1960 to 1980. The expanded needs for livestock products would boost the demand for feed grains by 63 percent, he pointed out.
He also pointed out that by 1980 crop exports are expected to rise 75 percent and soybean exports will be three times as great as those in 1960.
The blueprint for the future is already under way on some Illinois farms, Dean Bentley stated. He cited as "pacemakers" a hog farmer producing 200 litters with 40 percent more profit than on similar farms; two brothers on a dairy farm with 140 cows averaging 14,500 pounds of milk per cow; and grain farmers who produced a 200- bushel corn yield on 388 acres and a 55-bushel soybean yield on 200 acres.
Bentley praised the excellent records set by Illinois farmers last year as they topped the nation in corn and soybean pro- duction and harvested a corn crop worth more than a billion dollars. He also lauded the agricultural business firms that supply "packages
of technology" and contribute to this remarkable production record.
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Although productive soil and natural rainfall are important, he emphasized that without "intelligent and ambitious farm people who provide most of the labor and management for our farms" the accom- plishments would not be possible.
Bentley urged farm youth to get some education beyond high
school, in either a college or a trade school. There are now 10,000
Illinois farmers who have had at least one year of college or more,
and 4,800 are college graduates, he stated. Three out of every 10 jobs
in private employment are also related to agriculture.
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Farm Management Schools Planned For September 20 To September 28
URBANA--A basic course in farm management and an advanced seminar in farm and ranch management will be held at the University of Illinois in September. Eoth are sponsored by the American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers.
The Farm Management School from September 20 to 24 is de- signed to give intensive instruction in professional farm management for the relatively new manager as well as the experienced. The Farm and Ranch Seminar from September 26 to 28 is planned for experienced managers and will cover topics in depth and at a more advanced level.
According to Fay M. Sims, U. of I. farm management special- ist, the first school will cover such topics as farm resource ap- praisal, farm and ranch organization, planning, budgeting and cash flows, records and analysis, tenure and leases, fees, management and consultation agreements, and client relations.
The advanced seminar will cover farm planning, budgeting, finance and credit, tenure, diagnosis of farm and ranch operations, use of farm herbicides, and using insecticides profitably.
Instructors for the schools include J. M. Holcomb, U. of I. professor of farm management and finance; H. B. Petty, U. of I. extension entomologist; F. M. Sims, U. of I. farm management special- ist; L. W. Olson, U. of I. assistant professor of speech; Kenneth R. Jameson, management consultant, Ft. Collins, Colorado; Jack Alexander, farm manager, Iowa State University; J. H. Brooks, vice president,
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Citizens National Bank, Decatur? Donald B. Currie, assistant vice- president, Commercial National Bank, Peoria? Harold M. Primm, manager, Agricultural Business Service Company, Bloomington? and E. P. Sylwester, professor of botany and plant pathology, Iowa State University.
More information about the schools is available from Sims or Harold F. Borman, Secretary, Post Office Box 295, DeKalb, 111. Tuition is $75 for the farm management school and $40 for the farm
management seminar.
HDGrpg 8/12/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Rural Youth College Plans
Lag Behind Those Of City Co us ins
URBANA — Fewer farm youth plan to go to college than nonf-»rm youth, but the difference is narrowing, according to ?. University of Illinois rural sociologist.
David E. Lindstrom reports that in a s^udy of 3,000 hiah school juniors and seniors in eight Illinois counties, about 42 per- cent of the farm boys and 36 percent of the farm girls planned to go to college. However, 46 percent of the nonfarm boys and 35 percent of the nonfarm girls planned to attend.
The study also revealed that a majority of youth desire to go to college, but a minority actually have plans to do so. But 76 percent of these high school students said they needed and wanted more education and training beyond high school. More nonfarm boys than farm boys believed they needed more education, while more farm girls than nonfarm girls thought so.
Earlier studies in Wisconsin, Kentucky and Minnesota show similar differences between farm and nonfarm youth, but fewer planned to attend college. The Illinois data are probably typical for rural areas of the nation in the past few years.
While we would like to see as many farm youth as nonfarm youth attend college, it is encouraging that the difference is narrow- ing and that a higher percent of all youth are making plans to attend college, Lindstrom concludes.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Heavy Concentrate Feeding And AI Sire Effects On Income From Milk Production
URBANA — A recent two-phase study at the University of Illi- nois shed some light on the effects of heavy concentrate feeding and use of selected AI sires on income from milk sales.
According to S. L. Spahr, U. of I. dairy researcher, heavy feeding of concentrates and use of AI sires selected for milk produc- tion alone often depress milk fat content. Any increases in milk pro- duction resulting from these practices must be sufficient to make up for the income loss due to the depressed milk fat content.
"As a guide," Spahr says, "a change of 0.1 percent in fat test will be equivalent to changing the milk production between 100 and 400 pounds per lactation." The exact amount of change in gross income will depend upon the level of production, the starting fat percent and the pricing system.
Spahr gives this example of the relationship that exists between the pricing system, the production level and the butterfat tests Typical Illinois Holstein cows produce 13,500 pounds of 3.7 per- percent milk per lactation. With a $4.50 per hundredweight blend price and a 7-cent price differential for each 0.1 percent of variance from the 3.5 percent fat base, an Illinois dairyman could expect to increase his gross income by $23.20 per cow by increasing average milk production to 14,000 pounds without any change in fat test.
However, if the fat test slipped from 3.7 to 3.6 percent,
he would have to increase milk production to 14, 214 pounds to equal
the gross income from the 14,000-pound production with the 3.7 percent
fat test.
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"Using AI sires selected for milk production alone can sometimes depress milk fat percent enough to affect income from milk sales," says Spahr. In his study of the offspring from 16 Guernsey and 90 Holstein AI sires with five or more daughters in Illinois, Spahr found that the changes in milk production had about twice as much effect on gross returns as the changes in fat test.
Spahr notes that this study confirmed that feeding high
concentrate levels and selecting AI sires for milk production alone
can lower the blend price per hundredweight because of depressed fat
test. However, increases in milk production from these practices are
often great enough to prevent any loss in total gross income. Even
so, dairymen should not carry these practices to extremes that will
markedly lower both fat tests and income.
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MEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS \~ ' ^ ,
FOR RFLFASE THURSDAY P.*M. , AUGUST ?8, 1966
U. Of I. Ag Economist Values Soybeans At $3 — Sug ges'cs Pr ice Dcvntre Tid
DES MOINES, IOWA — A University of Illinois agricultural economist calculates that values of soybean oil and meal make 1966 soybeans worth $3 a bushel and that current prices may decline as the marketing season progresses.
Speaking before the American Soybean Asrocia'rion ennual meeting, T. A. Hieronymus stated that, in view of inflationary forces at work in this country and the strong consumer demand for livestock products abroad, $3 soybeans seem attainable despite the many uncer- tainties. Here is how Hieronymus appraises the situation:
A price of $70 to $75 a ton for meal and 12 to 13 cents a pound for oil would mean $3 soybeans. However, it is possible that the increased demand potential has already been bid into prices. If so, prices may decline as the season progresses, particularly if farm program changes generate a major increase in soybean acreage next year.
Mid-August is early in the crop year to appraise prospects for the whole year ahead. Supplies are still a major uncertainty. Weather has a major effect on soybean yields in August and September. For this reason there can and probably will be a significant change from the August 1 crop estimate of 860 million bushels.
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With the size of crop now estimated, high prices will ration the use of soybeans. If we do not produce a crop of 890 million bushels, it will be necessary to scale down uses to fit the smaller crop. But an increase of .8 bushel per acre from the August estimate would produce 888 million bushels. A yield similar to last year's would produce 900 million. If weather is favorable for the next month, we could produce a 900-million-bushel crop.
The domestic market for soybean oil continues to grow rapidly. Our soybean oil needs will total about 5,225 million pounds, a major increase over the current year.
Oil exports for dollars will be small, but oil exports plus the oil content of soybean exports will be large. It appears that exports plus P.L. 480 disposal will total about one billion pounds, the same as in the present marketing year.
These domestic requirements and export estimates would re- quire processors to crush 576 million bushels of soybeans during the coming marketing year.
Export demand for soybean protein during the past year was sharply above that of 1964-65. It is therefore likely that soybean export demand will not change much.
Domestic demand for meal has been quite strong. Feeding
rate per animal may decrease somewhat as feeding ratios become less
favorable. Livestock numbers, rate of feeding and reduced supply of
cottonseed meal suggest a demand for 10.5 million tons of meal. With
a crop of 860 million bushels, meal would not be in very short supply?
and with a 900-million-bushel crop, the supply would be abundant.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Extra Care Pays In Establishing Lawns
EDITOR'S NOTE: See Agri-Pix special for photos to accompany this article.
URBANA--If you're establishing a lawn — fall's the recommended time — pay close attention to selection of seed, rate of seeding and preparation of the seedbed. Then give the lawn some extra care to be sure the seeding becomes established, advises University of Illinois turf specialist J. D. Butler.
Kentucky or Merion bluegrass and red fescue are suitable lawn grasses for most of Illinois. To provide ter.porary cover or to reduce erosion, you may want to use redtop or ryegrass, he says.
Here are some suggestions that will save you time and effort and help get your lawn off to a vigorous starts
1. After grading and smoothing the area, apply lime as needed. In some instances, you may want to add sand or peat or both to the soil before establishing the lawn. Use a soil test as a guide for determining lime needs.
2. Plow or rototill the soil to a six-inch depth. Do not work it when it is wet.
3. After working the soil, rake or lightly disk a starter fertilizer into the surface. From 10 to 15 pounds of 10-6-4 or a similar aralysis per 1,000 square feet of lawn should work well as a starter. The label on the fertilizer bag will al~o give the recom- mended amount to use for establishing the lav;n.
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4. Just before seeding, break all lumps or remove them from the seedbed. Smooth the soil.
5. Use a high-quality seed at the rate of 2 or 3 pounds for every 1,000 square feet. You can distribute the seed more uniformly by using a mechanical seeder. But if you divide the area into plots and cross-sow — in an east-west direction once and then back in a north-south direction — you'll have reasonable luck with hand-sowing.
6. After sowing, rake the soil lightly to cover the seed. Then roll to firm it and stabilize the seedbed.
7. Next, mulch any slopes with burlap or straw. If you use straw, be sure — if possible — that it's weed free.
8. The last step in starting a successful lawn is to water it. Keep the soil moist until the ceed has become well established. For best results, after the lawn becomes established, decrease the number of waterings and. increase the amount applied pr r watering.
Two circulars, available at the County Extension Office, will help you with lawn problems. Ask for Circular 729, "How to Have an Attractive Lawn," and Circular 873, "Lawn Weeds: Identification and Control."
Correct management — watering, fertilizing and cutting — will reduce most grassy and Iroadleaved weeds in a lawn, says Butler. But if you need help, several herbicide? — when properly used — give you an added tool to combat weals. Circular 873 discusses herbicides thoroughly and rates them according to the control they afford. It also gives recommended time of application and other details.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Herbicides Replace Corn Cultivation In U. Of I. Research
URBANA- -Broadcast application of a preemergence herbicide has been successfully substituted for row cultivation of corn in a three-year University of Illinois study.
The U. of I. research covered two methods of seedbed prepara- tion, three methods of weed control and. seven soil types. n 0 control weeds, the agronomists used (1) two or three conventional cultivations; (2) application of atrazine, a preemergence herbicide, and no cultiva- tion; and (3) atrazine application plus two cr three regular cultiva- tions.
Here's what the Illinois scientists, E. L. Knake, T. D. Hinesly and R. D. Seif, concluded ^"rotr the research:
The only purpose of cultivation is to control weeds. This job can be done with cultivation or preemergence herbicides, but it is not necessary to use both. Cultivation alone or in addition to preemergence application of atrazine usually had little or no effect on yield, plant population cr soil moisture compared with a preemer- gence application and no cultivation.
Cultivation caused a slight increase in soil moisture in either the surface cr the subsoil a little more than 7 percent of the time *
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In seedbed preparation, there was no significant yield difference between using one disking and three diskings after plowing as long as the plant population was the same.
Preemergence herbicides worked successfully 20 out of 21
times in the three-year test. In 1963 the atrazine application at the
Brownstown field failed because it did not rain for a long time after
planting.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Watch For Webworms
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URBANA — Golf course and park superintendents as well as homeowners should watch their turf carefully for the next month, warns University of Illinois entomologist Roscoe Randell Illinois Cooperative Extension Service and Natural History Survey.
The second generation of sod webworms are not expected to damage grass so severely as the 1964 outbreak. But first-generation webworms caused some concern last month in central and north-central Illinois. And second-generation webworms are usually more severe than the first, Randell points out.
A well-kept lawn, fertilized and watered properly, will support a considerable population of webworms without being seriously damaged. An equal number of webworms will seriously affect a lawn in poor condition. If chemical control is necessary, Randell suggests either carbaryl or diazinon.
Use carbaryl at a two-pound rate per 10,000 square feet and diazinon at a one-pound rate. As sprays, use at least 25 gallon of water per 10,000 square feet, and do not water for 72 hours after treatment. In granule form, apply the insecticides with a fertilizer spreader according to directions. Be sure to read and heed all label precautions, Randell adds.
Heavy numbers of moths flying in a zigzag pattern ever a sod area--usually at dusk — indicate a webworm infestation. Inspect the area for larvae about 10 days after a heavy moth flight. Full- grown larvae are about one inch long and are a gray to dusky green with a dirk brown head and brown spots on the body.
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Webworm larvae in silken cases or tunnels and fresh grass
clippings positively identify a webworm infestation. Damage occurs
in brown, irregularly shaped patches, where larvae clip off the grass
blades just above the sod. Damage is easiest to see during dry
periods when the infested areas are slow to recover or the grass
plants die.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Illinois Hay Cleared Of Cereal Leaf Beetle Charge
URBANA — Despite contrary claims by the Commissioner of the New York Department of Agriculture and Markets, farmers in that state or elsewhere have "no reason for concern about Illinois hay, " accord- ing to University of Illinois entomologist W. H. Luckmann with the Illinois Natural History Survey. Luckmann is head of the economic entomology section.
In a recent story, the Commissioner warned New York farmers "to be extremely careful when buying hay from the Midwest." He said, "several counties in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio have been found to be infested with the cereal leaf beetle."
So far as the USDA Plant Pest Control Division and the Illinois State Department of Agriculture are concerned, says Luckmann, no part of Illinois is under quarantine for the cereal leaf beetle.
USDA entomologists found seven beetles in the entire state during 1965. This year they found five beetles in two counties. State and federal government officials sprayed all these areas at least twice. As an added precaution against the spread of the cereal leaf beetle this spring, officials from these agencies sprayed malathion on a 14-mile-wide strip along the Illinois-Indiana border from Peotone to near Danville.
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The cereal leaf beetle does not damage alfalfa or clover. Its primary hosts are oats and other grasses. However, the pest lives on grass in hay fields, and the adults often rest and hide in hay bales left in the field, Luckmann points out.
Entomologists first found the cereal leaf beetle in Michigan
in 1962. Apparently it entered the country on commodities via the
St. Lawrence Seaway. Since that time it has spread to the northern
half of Indiana, the western three-fourths of Ohio and the lower
peninsula of Michigan.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE ^"^
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. Of I. Seeks Alfalfa Weevil Control
URBANA — This last spring and summer the most destructive alfalfa pest has spread from southern Illinois to the Wisconsin border,
The alfalfa weevil now infests 83 Illinois counties compared with only 47 southern Illinois counties in 1965, according to ento- mologist Ed Armbrust of the University of Illinois and the Illinois Natural History Survey. This spring parts of the 11 southernmost counties reported the most severe damage.
"Farmers who did not spray lost their entire first crop, and the weevil carried over to the second crop, " Armbrust said. He knew of one farmer in southern Illinois who usually harvests 900 bales of alfalfa hay from one field. This year he has managed only 178 bales, which are of no commercial value.
It costs four to five dollars an acre to control the weevil with insecticides. "This cost seems like a lot to some farmers, but it's a good investment," Armbrust said. Without chemical control, the weevil eats the alfalfa leaves, which contain most of the valuable livestock feed nutrients.
Armbrust expects insecticide recommendations to change before next spring. This year, because of wet weather, southern Illinois farmers couldn't get into alfalfa fields to apply the chemi- cals at the right time.
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U. of I. entomologists are trying to set up a laboratory colony containing all stages of the insect — eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. This winter they hope to use laboratory tests to screen out ineffective insecticides.
Once the weevils have infested an area, about three years are necessary for the population to cause severe economic damage. "When weevils become established, every field in the area is infested and will need treatment, " Armbrust said.
The prospect for resistant varieties doesn't look too prom- ising right now, he said, although some states are working on resist- ant alfalfa strains.
Small European wasps, released in Illinois this year and last, are natural parasitic enemies of the weevil. At least one kind of wasp is well established now. But natural enemies are not the sole answer to the problem, Armbrust added.
"It will take several years for the Illinois farmer to adjust to this new problem, but I believe he will do so, " Armbrust said. Some farmers he had talked with had considered quitting alfalfa. But he added, "If you talk to agronomists, they will tell you alfalfa is by far the best forage crop."
Armbrust concluded that weevil control would probably work into regular farm practices in growing alfalfa.
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GAR:pg 8/30/66
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
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FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1966
Paulus Farm Shows Blueprint For 1975 Farming
LINCOLN, Illinois — When the more than 2,000 expected visitors stream onto the Wilbur and Carl Paulus farm here today, they'll see the best blueprint for 1975 farming that farm management specialists can suggest. And those who are concerned about producing enough food for our booming population can feel more optimistic after seeing the Paulus operation.
Carl and Wilbur Paulus began a father-son partnership in January 1958 after Wilbur graduated from Iowa State University College of Agriculture. In the past eight years they have expanded and improved the total farm business.
From 13 litters in 1958, the hog enterprise grew to 226 lit- ters in 1965. The original 160-acre farm is part of the business, but the total tillable acreage has expanded to 720. The beef cattle enterprise, involving about 260 head a year, is geared to using some non-marketable feeds, old buildings and the father's feeding skills.
The main steps in building this outstanding farm business have been taken year by year since 1958. The first year the Pauluses remodeled a poultry house into a hog farrowing house. In 1959 they built their first shelled corn silo and used a batch drier. In 1960 they remodeled the north half of the corn crib for shelled corn and built a feed center. In 1961 they built a machine shed and used part of it for shelled corn storage until 1965.
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In 1962 they remodeled the hog house into a nursery. The next year they built a finishing hog house and loading dock and installed a pneumatic feed conveying system. In 1964 Wilbur bought 80 acres one-fourth mile east of the farmstead and cleared the build- ings.
Last year they converted the south half of the crib to shelled corn and erected a 72-foot elevator leg, another silo and a continuous flow drier. Wilbur bought 160 acres north of the farmstead and put in 3,710 feet of ditching. This year he switched to 30-inch corn rows, eight-row planting and four-row harvesting. He also bought a Frigidome storage and conditioning unit for 25,000 bushels of wet
corn, with plans to cool with frigid air.
Their large-volume hog enterprise, managed at top efficiency, now produces 40 percent more profit than hogs on similar farms. Through good management, they use every available hour of labor — father, son and hired man. To make labor as productive as possible, they have adopted the newest methods and practices, such as confine- ment hog production, liquid manure handling, pneumatic system to move feed and labor-saving feed processing and storage facilities.
To get the most from their hogs, they sell on a grade and yield basis. This method has been widely used in Canada and some European countries, but not extensively in the United States. With this method, the packer pays previously determined prices for different grades of pork that he obtains from each lot of hogs.
To make important decisions about how best to invest their money and expand their business, the Pauluses have relied heavily upon their farm business records kept with the Illinois Farm Bureau Farm Management Service. They have also consulted with their local field- man and agricultural extension specialists at the University of Illi- nois.
Today's tour was sponsored by the Illinois Farm Bureau Farm Management Service and the University of Illinois Cooperative Exten- sion Service.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Note to Editor; Choose the date and location of the area FFA communi- cation workshop from the list below that the FFA reporters and vocational agriculture teachers from your area would most likely attend.
Area FFA Workshops Announced
URBANA--This month the University of Illinois Extension
Editorial Office will conduct five area communication . workshops for
FFA reporters and vocational agriculture teachers. The workshop for
this area will be held at .
(Date) (Location)
Registration for the workshop is from 4:00 to 4:15 p.m., and
the first session will start at 4:30 p.m. James Evans, assistant
professor of agricultural communications at the U. of I., and Gene
Kroupa, FFA public information specialist, will conduct the training
sessions.
These workshops are designed to teach reporting skills to Future Farmers of America reporters. The reporters will receive instruction in newswriting, construction of exhibits, photography and radio announcing. Last year over 400 FFA reporters and vo-ag teachers attended the workshops.
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The dates and locations of the area workshops are:
Sept. 12, Southwestern Illinois workshop—Farm Bureau Building,
Carlinville. Sept. 13, Northwestern Illinois workshop — Farm Bureau Building,
Galesburg. Sept. 14, Northern Illinois workshop — Farm Bureau Building, Oregon. Sept. 19, Southern Illinois workshop — Central Church of Christ,
Mt. Vernon. Sept. 21, East-Central Illinois workshop — Mumford Hall, University
of Illinois, Urbana.
GAK:pg 9/2/66
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Specialists To Demonstrate Weed Control In Soybeans At Agronomy Day
URBANA — Farmers who come to Agronomy Day, September 15, at the University of Illinois will see field demonstrations of broadleaf weed control in soybeans. A continuous program of tours and demonstra- tions begins at 7:00 a.m.
"Farmers attending the program will see that herbicides didn't kill the broadleaf weeds in the soybean demonstration plots," said Marshal McGlamery, U. of I. agronomist. Later soybean plantings are less likely to get as much rainfall as corn, and herbicides do not work well in dry weather.
Because the soybean is a broadleaf plant, it is difficult to find a herbicide that will kill broadleaf weeds without injuring the soybeans. Under favorable field conditions, some herbicides do kill grasses in soybeans.
Soybeans recover well from chemical injury, but McGlamery added, "We are always concerned about the possibility that injury may reduce yields."
The trend toward less-than-20-inch rows to increase yields means that farmers will become more dependent on pre- and post- emergence herbicides. Some of the U. of I. demonstrations show soy- beans drilled in rows too narrow for tractor wheels to pass between them.
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GARrpg 9/2/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Ag Economist Explains 1967 Wheat Program Changes
URBANA — The national wheat allotment has been increased from 51.6 million acres in 1966 to 68.2 million acres for 1967 because of a reduction to about 536 million bushels in the July 1 carryover. The carryover has not been that low since 1952, when it was 256 million bushels, according to Duane E. Erickson, University of Illinois exten- sion economist in farm management.
The 1967 wheat program will include price support loans, marketing certificates and substitution between wheat and feed grains. Under the substitution provisions, farmers who participate in both the wheat and feed-grain programs may request an oat, rye and barley base and can then substitute wheat. These provisions are similar to those of the 1966 program. But, unlike the 1966 program, no diversion will be required and no payments will be made for additional diversion, says Erickson.
Small-allotment wheat farmers who have been diverting their entire allotment cannot continue this practice in 1967. If they wish to plant wheat and receive income from the allotments, they should participate in the wheat program or use the substitution provisions. To protect wheat acreage history, small-allotment farmers should plant at least 75 percent of their allotments to wheat in at least one out of three years, Erickson advises.
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Farmers who qualify for the wheat program and sign up are eligible for price support loans of $1.25 per bushel (national average price) on their entire farm wheat production and domestic marketing certificates. Domestic marketing certificates will be based on 35 percent of the projected production of the farm allotment.
The estimated domestic use for 1967 is 520 million bushels, which could be produced on 35 percent of the 68. 2-million-acre national allotment.
Sign-up dates for the 1967 program will be announced later.
Erickson says farmers should have recently received their increased
acreage allotments. Farmers should direct specific questions on
allotments to the local Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation
Service office.
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GAR:pg 9/9/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Farm Managers, Appraisers To Tour Chicago's Lake Calumet Harbor
URBANA — The Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers will tour Chicago's Lake Calumet Harbor on September 16, according to Fay M. Sims, University of Illinois farm management specialist and secretary-treasurer of the society.
The agenda includes a boat tour of Lake Calumet, the Calumet River and the Sag Canal. Tour groups will also visit warehouses and dock facilities, including those of the Illinois Grain Co.
The nine grain elevators on Lake Calumet and along the Calumet River can hold 55 million bushels. Chicago's total grain- storing capacity is 86 million bushels.
The group will hear about the Chicago Regional Port District from the general manager and the chief engineer. The Chicago Board of Trade's vice president for transportation will conduct a discussion on the export grain trade.
The Society has invited anyone having a professional interest
in farm management to participate in the tour. The cost is $8.00.
For more information, interested persons should contact Fay M. Sims,
301 Mumford Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana, or William B. Sayre,
Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Co., Chicago. Sayre is
chairman of the Society's tour committee.
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GARtpg 9/9/66
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Illinois FFA Names Delegates To National FFA Convention
URBANA — More than 900 Illinois FFA members and vocational agriculture teachers will be among the 10,000 persons expected to attend the National Future Farmers of America Convention October 11-14 in Kansas City, Missouri.
Highlights of the four-day program include the national FFA public speaking and judging contest, the American Royal FFA Dairy Show, the presentation of National Chapter Contest Awards, the election of national officers and the naming of the Star Farmer of America. Gary Organ, McLeansboro, is one of four regional winners who will compete for the coveted Star Farmer of America title.
State FFA president Enid Schlipf, Gridley, and past state president Gary Organ, McLeansboro, will be the official voting delegates from Illinois. State FFA vice-president Bill Wills, Forest City, is the alternate delegate.
Other Illinois FFA members will participate in the band and chorus, while others will serve as stage hands and with the courtesy corps. Band members who will provide music for all sessions and lead the American Royal Parade are Jim Theobald, Buffalo; Ron Schneider, Lenzburg; Lawrence McPheron, Ashton; James Breun, McClure; Larry Glass, Rio; Jim Fitzpatrick, Earlville; Barry Riskedal, Leland; and Timothy Hapson, Joliet.
Illinois chorus members include Phil Farr, DeKalb; Dale Fesser, Morrisonville; Lonnie Hillard, Alexis; Thomas Martin, Naperville; Bill Marvin, Mechanicsburg ; Harry Reynolds, Jonesboro; Steve Standard, Canton; and Bill Wyffils, Jr., Geneseo.
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Courtesy corps members will be Bob Scherer, Lawrenceville; Jerry Lemmel, Clinton; and David Bugos, Alpha.
Stage hands from Illinois will be Ron Jones, Alma; Tom
Hoskins, Bethany; Danny Severns, Chandler vi lie; John Moeller, Wheeler;
John Stufflebeam, Geneseo; Phil Wagenknecht, Mi 1 ledge vi lie; Greg Olson,
Bushnell; and Bill Marvin, Buffalo.
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GAKrpg 9/9/66
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Local Youth (s) Recommended For National FFA Degree
URBANA — Seventeen outstanding Illinois Future Farmers of America have been recommended for the American Farmer Degree by the national FFA boards of student officers and directors. The degrees will be presented during the 39th Annual National FFA Convention October 11-14 in Kansas City, Missouri.
American Farmer Degree candidates from this area are: (See the attached list for names of degree candidates from your area. For additional information and pictures of degree candidates from your area, contact the candidate or his vocational agriculture teacher.)
Each degree winner will receive a certificate and a gold key from the FFA organization, plus a cash travel allowance from the Future Farmers of America Foundation.
Only one FFA member in every 1,000 members can hope to earn the American Farmer Degree in any year. The degree is limited to members who have been out of high school at least one year and who are showing evidence of becoming successfully established in farming.
Selection for this degree is also based on the Future
Farmer's record in farming, leadership and scholarship. The FFA
board of directors has recommended that 460 members receive the
American Farmer Degree this year.
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GAK:pg 9/9/66
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Corn Outlook: Higher Prices, Declining Stocks In Year Ahead
URBANA--The U. S. Department of Agriculture raised its September 1 estimate of the 1966 corn crop by 100 million bushels, or 3 percent higher than the August forecast.
But even with this increase corn growers can expect to see higher prices than a year ago and declining stocks during the coming year, a University of Illinois grain marketing economist reported this week. Here is how L. F. Stice appraises the current corn market situation:
The smaller 1966 corn crop, the high level of livestock feeding and exports and the reduction in stocks of old corn point to higher prices in the 1966-67 marketing year than a year earlier. How much higher is uncertain.
The USDA September 1 crop estimate was 4,090 million bushels, a drop of 2 percent from the 1965 crop of 4, 171 million bushels. The average yield of 69.6 bushels compared with 73.1 last year and 62.4 in 1964. So, despite some unfavorable yields, this year's corn crop may tie 1963 for the second largest on record. Production will be sub- stantially larger this year than in 1965 in Iowa, Nebraska and Minnesota, but lower in Illinois, Indiana and most southeastern states. The Illinois crop of 822 million bushels, if realized, would still be our second largest. However, the crop is very uneven within counties, and even on the same farm, and is therefore very difficult to estimate.
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Because of poor growing conditions, the 1966 U. S. crop will fall far short of prospective use in the next 12 months, with a pro- spective deficit of 450 to 550 million bushels between 1966 production and the 1966-67 disappearance. This gap can be filled, from existing carryover stocks of 950 million bushels. However, the prospects of a drop in old corn stocks to 400 or 500 million bushels a year from now will prevent corn prices from dropping much below current levels.
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HDGrpg 9/13/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Agri-Pix Special: Sod Webworm
Entomologists Study Sod Webworm Damage
URBANA — Since central and northern Illinois homeowners and turfmen have just weathered another sod webworm attack, it's just as well they didn't know that entomologists at the Illinois Natural History Survey on the University of Illinois campus were raising more sod webworms.
But don't be alarmed, agricultural entomologist A. C. Banerjee advises hastily. He (photo 1) raised webworms strictly for research purposes to learn more about this lawn and turf pest. The buff-colored female moth (photo 5) , while zigzagging across lush lawns, can lay as many as 800 eggs, Banerjee points out.
U. of I. entomologists have suggested that a w^ll watered and fertilized lawn can carry several sod webworm larvae without apparent damage. Banerjee' s research — just completed — will give entomologists some improved guidelines for recommendations, say extension entomologist Roscoe Randell and area pesticide adviser Stan Rachesky.
In their research Banerjee and his colleagues set up various treatments and "seeded" the plots with known infestations of webworm larvae (photo 2) . Hence the need for hatching and rearing larvae in the laboratory.
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For check plots the entomologists left some areas unferti- lized and poorly watered (only .3 inch). Some plots received only water at the rate of two inches a week. One treatment simulated, "typical" homeowner treatment, getting two inches of water and light applications of fertilizer. In another treatment representing the ultimate in management the entomologists watered and fertilized the plots well.
To measure damage by larvae, the entomologists kept a record of the yield in grass clippings on the plots during the webworm season. Fully grown webworms do 80 percent of their damage between late June and early- to mid-September before they pupate, says Randell. They overwinter in the soil as partly grown larvae (photo 4) . The mature larva, about one inch long, is gray to dusky green with a dark brown head and brown spots over its body, Randell adds (photo 4) .
From plots receiving only water, the entomologists collected 10 grams of dry matter in clippings per square foot. Plots receiving water and light amounts of fertilizer — "typical" homeowner treatment — yielded 20 grams. Well watered and fertilized plots yielded 40 grams of dry matter per square foot.
Previous research indicates that a full-grown larva (photo 3) can consume about one-half to one gram of grass, says Randell. Usually larvae have damaged 30 to 50 percent of the grass before the average homeowner notices the destruction. In the recent test, poorly watered plots suffered 20 percent damage with only two to four larvae per square foot. In well watered and fertilized plots, the entomologists observed some damage with eight larvae per square foot. Banerjee and Rachesky reported "visible damage" on lightly fertilized, well-watered plots with 8 to 12 larvae per square foot (photo 6) .
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Brown patches of grass may indicate webworms or disease. Freshly clipped grass — cut by the feeding larvae--and tunnels in the soil surface positively identify webworms as the culprits, says Randell. Numerous buff-colored moths, flying low in a zigzag pattern over the lawn at dusk — and moths collecting around porch lights — usually mean that an invasion of webworms will follow. Larvae appear about 10 days after the zigzagging moths lay their eggs. An excessive number of birds may also indicate the presence of larvae.
If webworms overwinter in lawns, they may cause damage early in the season. Combined early and late infestations can severely damage turf areas, says Randell. He suggests that homeowners may need to use chemical control when good cultural management and early detection fail to control webworms. Diazinon or carbaryl, applied in late July or early August, controls the pest safely and effectively. Two applications may be necessary because adult moths lay eggs through- out the season. Since it's too late to apply chemicals now, Randell advises keeping the grass well watered and cutting tall grass. Tall, lush growth attracts moths, he adds.
In addition to making their "traffic count" of webworms,
the entomologists are screening new insecticides for potential use,
Randell says.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Harvesting Days Limited? Be Ready To Go; Bowers
URBANA--"Be ready to go when the corn is right for harvesting. There's already a premium on the number of days you can get into the field, " University of Illinois agricultural engineer Wendell Bowers warned today.
He figures that Illinois farmers have only 15 days of good harvest weather. And this summer's drought may add. to harvesting headaches. Dry weather in some areas may mean small stalks, low ears and increased stalk rot, with resulting "down" and weak-shanked corn that will allow ears to drop to the ground.
Bowers cautions farmers to wait until corn moisture reaches 26 percent before they start full-scale harvesting. Harvesting may damage corn kernels with a higher moisture content. And such damage causes corn spoilage four times as fast as it does at lower moisture rates.
One bit of advice: Bowers suggests that farmers have equipment ready when moisture drops to 28 percent, open the field, learn where the hopper fills and then spot wagons or trucks accordingly. A little organization can prevent wasting three or four days of precious harvesting time, he points out.
While farmers risk spoiled corn when moisture is higher than 26 percent, ear losses may cause problems when moisture is below 20 percent. Bowers suggests shooting for 24 to 26 percent moisture.
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Regardless of the method of harvesting, excessive speed means increased harvesting losses. "Any loss of more than five percent of the yield is excessive," says Bowers. "And don't try to harvest 36- inch corn with 40-inch equipment, " he adds.
If you adjust your machine properly and harvest at the correct speed, you won't get excessive damage or loss," Bowers advises. Farmers may get excessive losses at high moistures at the cylinder and concaves if they're not aggressive enough.
On the other hand, trying to remove every kernel from the cob will damage kernels, he adds. "Check cobs frequently as you start harvest. Don't worry about a few kernels. Then harvest as fast as you can, safely and without kernel damage or loss," he advises.
You can check shelled corn losses quickly and inexpensively by building a 40- by 40-inch frame. Then lay the frame across harvested areas—row spacing doesn't matter — and get average counts. Twenty kernels per frame equals a one-bushel loss per acre.
To estimate ear-corn losses, measure off 131 linear feet of
row for 40-inch rows, 138 feet for 38-inch rows, 145 feet for 36-inch
rows or 175 feet for 30-inch rows. Pick up all ears left after
harvesting. And really "tear the row apart," says Bowers. Some ears
may be well hidden. Each good-sized ear of corn you find in the
specified length of rows means a bushel lost per acre.
Whether you harvest with a corn combine, corn picker or
picker-sheller, you can keep losses to less than five percent of the
yield and still get the job done safely and on time. Just be sure the
machine is operating properly, check the quality of the grain and make
adjustments if losses or damage appears, concludes Bowers.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M., SEPTEMBER 27, 1966
Electronic Data Processing Useful In Farm Accounting
URBANA — Electronic data processing (EDP) can be a useful tool in farm accounting services, a University of Illinois agricul- tural economist told agricultural bankers here today. But EDP services will require more skilled and imaginative accountants to take advantage of these facilities.
In discussing the application of EDP to farm accounting and farm management, A. G. Mueller observed:
Farm operators and commercial farm managers will need and demand more sophisticated bookkeeping and accounting services. Agri- cultural economists are just beginning to scratch the surface in meeting this potential need.
EDP can replace bookkeepers, but not accountants. Bookkeepers collect and record financial transactions, but accountants must inter- pret and translate the bookkeeper's entries. A computer enhances the accounting function in business management.
While EDP can be useful, it is important to know whether the costs incurred will balance the services provided. EDP could be very useful in providing farm planning and budgeting services to farmers using linear programming and simulation techniques to determine their best farm enterprises. EDP planning methods are now in the develop- mental stage. They will require increased management skills of farmers and management consultants in order to take full advantage
of this service.
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Farmers will receive three levels of farm accounting services in the future:
The first level, an EDP bookkeeping service, will probably never progress far beyond the income tax and financial control re- quirements of the farm business.
The second level will combine EDP services and those of a professional farm management fieldman. It will provide a total farm business and enterprise analysis. The fieldman will serve as both accountant and management consultant to the farm operator.
The third level will add farm planning and budgeting assist- ance. Although many farm management associations now provide such assistance, the use of EDP methods should relieve fieldmen and farmers of much of the paper work involved in farm planning.
Mueller spoke before the opening session of the 20th annual
Illinois Bankers' Agricultural Conference on the U. of I. campus.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Extension Workers Fall Conference Planned For Urbana, October 10-13
URBANA — About 300 state and county staff members of the Cooperative Extension Service will meet on the University of Illinois campus next week (October 10-13) to increase their knowledge of current agricultural and home economics subjects and to plan educational pro- grams for the coming year.
Eighteen refresher courses highlight this year's conference program. Each staff member may enroll in two of these eight-hour courses. Staff members of the College of Agriculture and guest speakers will serve as instructors.
The conference opens Monday afternoon with a series of briefing discussions for agricultural and home economics workers. An administrative session at Tuesday breakfast will take up business of general interest. Dean Orville Bentley of the College of Agriculture will address the group.
The state associations of farm and home advisers will meet separately on Wednesday afternoon. A luncheon address by Director J. B. Claar closes the conference on Thursday.
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Jeanette Dean, assistant state leader in home economics extension, and Glen F. Sons, assistant state leader in agriculture extension, are conference chairmen. Committee members are E. W. Anderson, professor of extension education and training? Mrs. Jerry Cochran, Franklin county home adviser; H. H. Gordon, assistant state leader of agricultural extension; Mary M. Hoffman, state 4-H specialist.
C. R. Howell, Perry county farm adviser; D. G. Jedele,
extension agricultural engineer; G. W. Meyerholz, extension veterinari
veterinarian; Lula Keller, assistant state leader in home economics
extension; Donald Teel, Knox county farm adviser; and Eloise Tholen,
Greene county home adviser.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI College Of Agriculture Names Advisers
URBANA — The University of Illinois College of Agriculture recently named 19 persons to serve on nine departmental advisory committees.
Dean Orville G. Bentley said the committee members were selected because of their positions and experience in a particular area of agriculture.
The committees advise college departments on their teaching, research and extension programs.
Among the area persons named for three-year terms on the
committees are:
(Editor's Note: See attached list for persons from your area. Those listed for three-year terms are new appointees. The others, listed for one and two years, have served part of their three-year terms.)
Other area persons presently serving on the committees
include:
(See attached list.)
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ADVISORY COMMITTEES College of Agriculture September 1, i960
Agricultural Economics John Butterfield, Pana Dale E. Butz, Director of Economic Research, F S Services, Inc.,
1701 Towanda Avenue, Bloomington 61702 Emmett G. Fruin, Fruin Agricultural Service, 106 E. Beaufort St.,
(Box k0)f Normal 61701 Lester S. Kellogg, Director, Economic Research, Deere and Company,
Moline Howard W. Mullins, Windy Hill, Shabbona Gordon E. Sears, Vice President, Citizens First National Bank,
Princeton
Agricultural Engineering
Joseph H. Heimann, Clinton County Electric Cooperative, Inc.,
J+75 North Main Street, Ereese Gordon H. Millar, Director of Research, Deere and Company,
301 Third Avenue, Moline 61265 A, Stephen Paydon, R. R. 1, Plainfield 605^ R. R. Poynor, General Supervisor, Product Planning Research,
International Harvester Company, l80 North Michigan Avenue,
Chicago 60601 Dean Searls, Manager, Adams Electrical Cooperative, Camp Point 62320
3 years 1 year 3 years
1 year
2 years
2 years
1 year
2 years 1 year
2 years
3 years
Agronomy
Warren W. Jones, Farm and Home Store Co., Ridgway 62979 3 years
Paul Kermicle, Dundas ' 1 year
Paul B. Miller, Mansfield 2 years
Hugh P. Morrison, Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Company, Princeton 61356 1 year Carlin N. Morton, President, Roy A. Morton and Sons, Inc., Bowen
62316 2 years T, H. Roberts, Jr., President, DeKalb Agricultural Association, Inc.,
DeKalb 60115 3 years
Animal Science
Ernest E. Brown, General Manager, Corn Belt Hatcheries of 111., Inc.,
Gibson City 3 years
John W. Curry, Victoria 1 year
Harry C. Eaton, Research Dept., Moorman Manufacturing Company,
1000 North 30th Street, Quincy 623 01 2 years
Leroy E. Hatch, Deers Road, R. R, 3, Urbana 2 years
Merle LeSage, Manager, Chicago Order Buyers, Inc., 308 Exchange
Building, Union Stock Yards, Chicago 60609 1 year
Stanley Rosenberger, Woodlawn 62898 2 years
Cooperative Extension
Virgil C. Bremer, Metropolis 6296O 2 years
Wayne E. Bruns, Winchester 62694 3 years
Huel Cross, Belle Rive 3 years
'
Mrs. John Erickson, R. R. k, Carbondale
Mrs. William G. Follmer, Forrest 617^1
Mrs. William Grover, Chana 61015
Mrs. Carl Guebert, R. R. 2, Red Bud
R. Harold Johnson, R. R. 1, Box 133, Wise Road, Decatur 62526
Thomas B. Kirkpatrick, Greene Farm Management Service, 93^ North
Orange Street, Peoria 61606 Donald Lavfer, Kent 6l(M
Herman A. Lindholm, R. R. 1, Box 112, Naperville 605*+0 Elmer J. Olson, R. R. 1, Hoopeston 609^2 Orison R. Seibert, R. R. 1, Belleville 62220 Arnold Taft, D.V.M., R. R. 2, Mack Avenue, Olney Mrs. Justin Wagy, Payson
1 year
2 years 2 years 2 years
1 year
2 years
3 years 1 year 3 years 1 year 3 years 1 year
Dairy Science
Norman E. Henke, Staunton
Homer Kearnaghan, Kraft Foods, Milledgeville
Charles M. Laury, Tall Timber Farm, Route 3> Danville
Kent M. Ryan, General Sales Manager, Honeggers' & Co., Inc.,
Fairbury 61739 Avery A.Vose, President, Pure Milk Association, 3^3 South Dearborn,
Chicago 6060k (home: R. R. 2, Antioch)
3 years 3 years 3 years
3 years
1 year
Forestry
A. Fletcher Marsh, Marsh & Truman Lumber Co., 332 South Michigan Avenue,
Chicago Glen E. Massie, Arenzviile Road, R. R. 1, Beardstown Eldon C. Weber, R. R. 1, Geneseo 6125U
Horticulture (Food Crops)
Curt E. Eckert, Eckert Orchards, Inc.-, R. R. 1, Belleville Wayne C. Handwork, Divisional Manager, Agricultural Department, Campbell Soup Company, 2550 West 35th Street, Chicago 60632 J. Bon Hartline, Hartline's Holly Nursery, Anna Harry J. Paarlberg, Box l66, South Holland
Horticulture (Floriculture, Ornamentals)
Alfred L. Fiore, President, Charles Fiore Nurseries, Inc . , State
Route 22, Prairie View 60069 Harold E. Gucker, Edwin Gucker and Son, Western Avenue Greenhouses
and Gardens, Mattoon James E. Moorhead, Moorhead Nursery, R. R. k, Box h, Rockford 61111 Lyle Swartley, Sterling Greenhouses, 1706 East Fifth Street, Sterling Robert M. Williams, Superintendent, Bob O'Link Golf Club, Highland
Park
General Committee
Representing
Agricultural Economics Agricultural Engineering Agronomy
Dale E. Butz
A. Stephen Paydon
Hugh P. Morrison
3 years 2 years 2 years
3 years
2 years
3 years 2 years
3 years
1 year 3 years 1 year
3 years
1 year 1 year 1 year
Animal Science - Harxy C. Eaton 1 year
Dairy Science - Avery A, Vose 1 year
Forestry - A. Fletcher Marsh 1 year
Horticulture - Wayne C. Handwork 1 year
Cooperative Extension - Herman A. Lindholm 1 year
At-Large
Joseph Ackerman, Managing Director, Farm Foundation, 600 South
Michigan Avenue, Chicago 60605 1 year Paul C. Johnson, Vice President and Editorial Director, Prairie
Farmer, 1230 West Washington Boulevard, Chicago 60607 1 year
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
International Authority Appointed To Strengthen Foreign Training
URBANA — "If we are to be effective in assisting emerging nations in the development of their agricultural resources, our staff members must understand primitive agriculture, " M. D. Thorne, head of the Department of Agronomy, said today as he announced the appointment of Jack R. Harlan to the University of Illinois staff.
An international authority on the development of agricultural systems and their influence on cultures of various countries, Harlan's continued work on the origin and evolution of cultivated plants will strengthen U. of I. foreign programs. These programs include on-campus teaching and research as well as field work in foreign countries, said Thorne.
"Current and past activities clearly indicate a continuing and growing commitment of the College of Agriculture to the development of a broad-based international dimension to its teaching, research, graduate training and public service programs," Thorne continued.
Several active research projects in the Agricultural Experiment Station specifically consider international problems. These involve the staff and graduate students in research related to south- east Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Asia. A major interdepartmental research program will study the potential of soybeans as a major food and feed crop in India.
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At the present time, many of the graduate students in the College of Agriculture come from foreign countries. Each year the college provides a variety of short courses, special training sessions, and orientation seminars for individuals and groups of academic and administrative personnel from foreign countries. In addition, several staff members of the college are actively participating in inter- national agricultural programs of the Rockefeller and Ford foundations and the USDA as well as in the work of the Midwest Consortium.
Thorne also reports that increasing numbers of American students who are finding employment outside the United States need basic training on the characteristics and production practices of crops important in other areas but not grown here.
As part of the increasing involvement of the College of Agriculture in overseas programs, Harlan will spend about half his time on foreign assignments. Formerly he was a professor of agronomy at Oklahoma State University at Stillwater, Oklahoma, in charge of forage crops research. In this position, Harlan took part in several foreign-plant exploration assignments.
The agronomist has authored or co-authored three books, written chapters in four books and presented about 100 papers and articles in scientific journals. Various institutions and organiza- tions have asked Harlan to participate in symposia or invited him as a visiting professor. He visited the U. of I. campus to lecture two years ago. Harlan has also participated extensively in the activi- ties of the American Society of Agronomy and other organizations dedicated to solving forage problems.
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Harlan's recent honors and awards include: president of Crop Science Society of America, 1965-66; Visiting Scientist, American Society of Agronomy, 1963-64; Merit Award, American Grassland Council, 1962; Fellow, ASA, 1962; John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellow, 1959; and Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1956.
Harlan received his B.S. with Distinction from George
Washington University in 1938 and. a Ph.D. from the University of
California at Berkeley in Genetics in 1942.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
lf534 Cattle Sold At Dixon Springs
DIXON SPRINGS — In the first of a series of cooperative feeder cattle sales in Illinois this year, 1,534 cattle were sold at Dixon Springs Agricultural Center, September 22. The Egyptian Live- stock Association sponsored the sale.
Top sale price was $32.50 per 100 pounds for 30 Hereford steers weighing an average of 353 pounds.
Choice grade steer calves weighing 300 to 500 pounds sold freely in the $28 to $31.50 range. Heavier choice calves sold from $26.50 to $29 per 100 pounds.
Choice yearling steer prices ranged from $24.50 to $27 a hundred. Choice heifers in all weights and ages brought $3 to $4 less than steers.
Keith Jones of Fithian bought 216 head, the largest number. Albert Hofer of Cissna Park bought 134 head.
More than 100 producers consigned an average of 15 cattle each. University of Illinois extension specialists and area farm advisers prepared the cattle for the sale.
Four other cooperative sales are scheduled for these loca- tions and dates: Dixon Springs Agricultural Center, October 6, spon- sored by the Egyptian Livestock Association; Carrollton, November 3; Pittsfield, November 7; and Macomb, November 17, sponsored by the Western Illinois Livestock Association.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Clover Mites Disturb Observant Housewives
URBANA — "If you see tiny dark red or almost black specks on the window sill, baseboard or door — and they suddenly 'take off- — don't be alarmed, " cautions University of Illinois extension entomologist Don Kuhlman.
"Your eyes aren't playing tricks on you," says Kuhlman. "Chances are that clover mites have chosen your house as an over- wintering site."
Mites sometimes overwinter under the bark of trees. But they also like to overwinter on the concrete, brick and stone outside of buildings or in cracks and crevices in the wall.
"Upon inspection you can find adults, nymphs, resting stages and eggs in these winter quarters," says Kuhlman. And during warm spells, a few eggs hatch, producing very small, bright red larvae.
Clover mites spend the summer in the egg stage. These summer eggs hatch when moderate temperatures return in the fall. That's the reason for the invasion now, Kuhlman points out. During the winter mites become inactive. But you can expect another invasion next spring about the time the grass turns green.
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Clover mites feed on grass, clover and weeds in the lawn. They do not feed on clothing, draperies, curtains, rugs or foodstuffs. Nor do they bite people. Mites appear in houses either because they are wandering between molts or because they are looking for food. How much of a nuisance clover mites become around the house depends a great deal on the housekeeper's point of view, says Kuhlman.
Here are his recommendations if you have a clover mite problem:
First, clean up the infestation inside the house with a vacuum cleaner. Treat infested areas, such as window sills and base- boards, with a pyrethrum-containing aerosol bomb. Hold the nozzle about six inches from the treated surface. These measures will solve
the problem temporarily.
But you'll have to treat often unless you treat an area around the house in this manner:
Remove grass and weeds next to the foundation and leave a strip of bare soil at least 18 inches wide. You can replant this strip with such flowers as zinnias, marigolds, chrysanthemums, roses, salvia and other plants which do not attract clover mites. Landscape specialists suggest low-growing junipers or similar shrubs, ground cover, large gravel or an unadorned border. Such treatment, especially for the front yard, is more in vogue than blooming annuals, "mums" or roses.
Regardless of the landscape treatment, apply chemicals to
the foundation and wall up to the windows and to the lawn extending
out from the house in one of these ways: (1) Dust heavily with
Aramite, chlorobenzilate or kelthane* (2) Spray heavily with Aramite
15-W or chlorobenzilate 25-W at the rate of 8 pounds per 100 gallons
of water. (3) Use kelthane 18.5-W at the rate of 2 pounds per 100
gallons. If a sprayer is not available, apply with a sprinkling can,
using 1/4 pound to 3 gallons of water.
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY OCTOBER 13, 1966
Illinois FFA Member Wins Regional Poultry Award
URBANA — A 17-year-old member of the Illinois Future Farmers of America has been named winner of the FFA Regional Poultry Farming Award. He is Chris Bohlen, son of Mr. and Mrs. Orlando Bohlen of rural Moweaqua.
Bohlen' s path to the regional award started last spring when he was selected State FFA Poultry Farming Award winner from among five district finalists. Top FFA poultry farmers from 13 central states competed, for the regional title that includes a $200 cash award plus the right to compete for the national title. The national winner will be announced October 13 at the National FFA Convention in Kansas City, Missouri.
Bohlen started his poultry enterprise with 600 layers pur- chased during his freshman year in vocational agriculture. He has now increased his enterprise to 2,200 high-quality layers. His records show that his production costs are about 14.6 cents per dozen eggs
compared to his average selling price of 39 cents per dozen.
In addition to running a successful poultry enterprise, Bohlen is section 19 FFA vice-president and has served as vice- president and sentinel of his FFA chapter. He was a delegate to the 1965 State FFA Convention and has won FFA awards in public speaking, poultry, beef and small grain production.
Bohlen has twice served as president of his class and is a member of the National Honor Society, band and chorus. This summer he served as an American Field Service exchange student in Chile. He is now president of the Decatur District of the Methodist Youth Fellowship.
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10/4/66
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
L^s
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
"Face-Lifting" Helps
To Stop Downtown Decline
URBANA--T0 help curb the loss of customers to suburban shop- ping centers, downtown merchants can cooperate in improving the city business district's appearance and parking facilities.
Planting trees, shrubs and flowers in the city business dis- trict is one way of attracting customers, according to William R. Nel- son, Jr., University of Illinois extension landscape architect. Trees and other plants contrast pleasantly with the architectural regularity found in most business districts.
Nelson also recommends that city ordinances regulate the size and location of advertising signs. "Poorly designed, tasteless and offensive advertising signs often confuse the shopper and may even drive him away," he says. "Large rooftop signs and signs that hang over the sidewalk are the worst offenders."
He also suggests that unused, open areas behind and between buildings be converted to parking areas or even to pedestrian courts and malls with attractive street furniture. Malls also might improve the sidewalk system by providing shorter walking routes between build- ings. Shoppers could exit at one store's back door, cross the mall and enter another store previously reached only by going around the block.
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"Unfortunately downtown streets in many communities impede potential shoppers," he says. Eliminating left turns or installing special left turn lanes, improving the sequencing of traffic lights and separating car traffic and pedestrian areas as much as possible should improve traffic flow. To reduce the visual dominance of park- ing areas, Nelson suggests screening parking lots with structural or plant materials.
Organizations such as the Chamber of Commerce and the Retail Merchants Association could take responsibility for initiating im- provement programs, says Nelson. These organizations should consult a landscape architect and present a unified plan to the merchants and the community.
"A well-planned and competently executed program can increase property values in the downtown area, bring shoppers back to it and instill new pride in the community," he says.
Nelson and Joe A. Porter, former assistant in landscape
architecture at the University of Illinois, explain these and other
problems in Circular 937, "New Life for Your Business District." For
a free copy, see your county farm adviser or write to the College of
Agriculture Publications Office, 112 Mumford Hall, University of
Illinois, Urbana.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Gluing Tips Offered
EDITOR' S NOTE: A diagram showing hew to apply glue accompanies this story.
URBANA--If you're hazy about methods of gluing or v/hat glue to use on your project, an Agricultural Engineers' Digest published recently by the Midwest Plan Service will answer your questions, says University of Illinois agricultural engineer D. G. Jedeie. The U. of I. agricultural engineering department is one of the cooperating members of the Midwest Plan Service which has its headquarters at Iowa State University,
The Digest explains how to select a glue for a particular purpose, and also how to select wood with the durability, moisture content and other characteristics that will fit your needs.
You'll also get instructions and recommendations for the appropriate quantity, assembly time, temperature, pressure and curing time for several glues, Jedeie says. And a special section on struc- tural gluing describes precautions and procedures that you must con- sider. The last page of the Digest contains a table listing the properties of resorcinol, urea, polyvinyl, epoxy, casein and animal glues.
Order your free copy of "Gluing Wood" from the Department
of Agricultural Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
61801.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Flies Mean Added Woes For Home Orchardists
URBANA — So you didn't spray your backyard orchard this growing season, and the apples you harvested were gnarled and pitted. Chances are good, then, that a fly visited your trees last August, says University of Illinois agricultural entomologist Ron Meyer of the Illinois Natural History Survey.
This fly is the adult of the apple maggot. According to Meyer, the maggot rarely has damaged fruit in central Illinois. But this year he found the pest as far south as Clark county in the eastern part of the state and Adams county in the western part.
The fly is about one-fourth inch long, slightly smaller than the common house fly. The body is black with white bands on the abdomen. The female fly has four white bands, and the male has three. And both the male and the female have four dark bands on each wing.
The flies feed in the same manner as the house fly, either sponging up liquids or dissolving food in their saliva before sponging it up. Because of these feeding habits, insecticides sprayed on apples will readily control the flies. But too often, says Meyer, home orchardists neglect spraying to control this apple pest and others.
The apple maggot feeds on apples, crabapples and plums, and to a lesser extent on blueberries and huckleberries. It prefers soft and thin-skinned fruit, so it usually seeks out early-ripening apple varieties.
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Damage to fruit occurs when the female fly deposits eggs in the fruit with a needle-like ovipositor. Even if the eggs don't hatch, the hole made by the ovipositor usually stops apple growth at that point. A pit or dimple resembling a fine pencil point appears on the apple surface.
If an egg hatches and the larva survives, it affects a larger area, giving the fruit a gnarled appearance. In the firm fruit of late apples, the larvae leave tiny brown trails that have a corky appearance. In early apples or as the late fruit softens, the larvae grow rapidly and the trails become large, allowing decay to occur.
"Although you can kill the flies easily, complete control depends on community effort," Meyer points out. Killing the larvae or pupae in the soil or disposing of the fallen fruit before the larvae emerge will control the fly only if neighboring orchardists cooperate. Meyer suggests aldrin granules as the most practical way to control apple maggot larvae or pupae in the soil.
Commercial fruit producers control the pest by poisoning the adult fly with a stomach poison or some of the modern contact insecticides. To control the fly, you must cover the entire tree. Spraying trees and bushes around the fruit trees is added insurance, says Meyer.
Guthion does an outstanding job of controlling the fly, but DDT, malathion and diazinon are the least hazardous to use. Use DDT with malathion or diazinon, Meyer advises.
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Apple maggot larvae that hatch during the early spring in soft apples usually mature in the fall. But some may spend a complete year in the larval or pupal stage. "So once the insects choose your apple crop as their home, you can expect them to be unwelcome guests for at least two years," says Meyer.
While the memory of this year's apple crop failure is fresh
in your mind, contact your farm adviser for a suggested spray schedule
that will control apple maggots and other orchard pests, Meyer suggests.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Extension Service Mission; Help Solve Fundamental Problems
URBANA — The mission of the University of Illinois Cooperative Extension Service is to help people solve major problems facing modern society through research-based educational programs, Director J. B. Claar stated Thursday.
Speaking to the state and county staff at the annual confer- ence, he said that the work of the Cooperative Extension Service and College of Agriculture is a tremendous demonstration that the best way to deal with many of these problems is through problem-oriented educational programs.
Claar emphasized that the cooperative extension program strikes at the heart of many problems facing society. Today a great deal of innovation is taking place in extension programs and techniques to deal with the wider range of responsibilities that arise from more specialized and rapidly changing conditions.
Claar listed six specific missions for the Cooperative Extension Service in this modern setting:
(1) Assure efficient and adequate production and distribu- tion of food and fiber. The agricultural industry, both on and off the farm, must continue its spectacular development in order to keep the growing population adequately fed, clothed and sheltered and to meet its commitments abroad. Farmers and other agricultural business firms need specialized scientific information based on research at the University, U.S. Department of Agriculture and other experiment stations. Congress recognized this need recently when it passed the Technical Services Act, which expanded such technical education.
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(2) Strengthen the family and home through family life and home economics education. The family is the basic unit in our society. Extension programs in child development, family economics, nutrition, family life and related areas strike at fundamental problems that affect family stability and happiness. And the needs in these areas are growing along with our rising population. A great deal of innova- tion and experimentation is taking place throughout the state, includ- ing the initiation of specific programs for hard-to-reach groups.
(3) Provide education and experiences to help young people achieve their potential. 4-H is a major part of the extension program. Projects, activities and leader training help young people gain knowledge, skills and experiences that will help them earn a living and motivate them to live full and useful lives. The highest youth population in history is placing great demands on the extension staff and volunteer leaders to provide these learn-by-doing c ^periences to more youngsters now than ever before. New projects are being developed and new techniques are being used that are having an enthusiastic reception.
(4) Improve the quality of our environment. Communities face serious management and development problems relating to community services, resource use and conservation, economic development anJ protection against both manmade and natural hazards. Solution of these problems requires research-based technical knowledge and organizational know-how to which extension workers are prepared to contribute.
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( 5 ) Inform local people about services that erigi n ite out- side the community, and help them learn how +o uj e them . County and area extension offices are helping people throughout tlie state now their University and the many services and educational opportunities provided by it and other agencies. Through such activities the community can more effectively use these tools toward the accomplish- ment of local goals.
(6) Help people around the world use cooperative extension methods. This promises to be a most demanding dimension in the future. The teaching methods, organization and principles used in helping solve everydiy problems at home provide a pattern for helping people
in developing ccuntr'es deal with their pressing problems. The know- bow gained by extension workers is being applied in assistance programs in many countries. Soxug extension staff members are now working under pnivegs.* fcy contract programs in India and Sierra Lsonc The n.7 rood for r- ~:l r..--y greatly expand this work.
Extension's educational efforts tc help individuals an-1 groups, multji?li?jrt nany tiroes over, acM1. up to a mighty force for fur .cing community, state e: i national goals, Clrar concluded.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Pork Producers' Survey Receives Light Response
URBANA--There has been a light response from Illinois hog farmers to a National Pork Producers Council opinion survey on pork improvement, research and promotion. As of September 30, only 283 of a hoped-for 7,000 response had. been received.
The council, composed of state organizations like the Illi- nois Pork Producers Association, represents the swine industry, particularly in national legislation. The Illinois association is a federation of local and county organizations.
The rational council hopes to have at least 50,000 U.S. hog farmers egress opinions about swine industry needs. But the Septem- ber 30 tally showed, only 1,439 returns.
Every farmer who has an interest in the hog industry should fill out a survey form, says G. R. Carlisle, University of Illinois extension livestock specialist. Forms are available in the September issue of the "National Hog Farmer" magazine and from county farm advisers. Swine producers may also write to the "National Hog Farmer" for a survey form.
In proportion to the size of the industries, less federal and state money has been spent for swine research than for beef, dairy, sheep and poultry, Carlisle points out. For every $1 billion of dairy retail products, the dairy industry receives about $2.7 million for research. Beef cattle research expenditures amount to about $2.8 mil- lion for every $1 billion of beef retail products. About $4 million is spent for poultry research for every $1 billion of poultry retail products. But for every $1 billion of pork retail products, only
about $2.16 million goes into swine research.
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Illinois has been increasing its share of national hog production, Carlisle notes. According to census data, Illinois hog production totaled 12.3 million in 1964, or 14.5 percent of the U.S. total, up from 10.8 percent in 1940.
During the past 15 years, per capita pork consumption has declined about one percent a year. Per capita beef consumption has increased about one percent annually, and poultry has made "amazing gains," Carlisle says. Illinois* increasing share of the national production and declining per capita pork consumption makes efforts to maintain or expand hog markets very important for Illinois agriculture, says Carlisle,
Hopefully, the opinion survey will indicate problems that
hog farmers think need the most attention so that the council can then
direct its efforts toward research on these problems. The council
initiated the national hog cholera eradication program, now in its
final phases in many states.
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Soil Conservation Society To Hold Annual Meeting At U. Of I.
URBANA — The Northern Illinois chapter of the Soil Conserva- tion Society of America will hold its 13th annual meeting at the University of Illinois Thursday and Friday, October 20-21, according to program chairman Kenneth K. Neitzel, Champaign.
Orville G. Bentley, dean of the U. of I. College of Agri- culture, will be the featured speaker at the banquet Thursday evening in the Illini Union ballroom.
The meeting begins Thursday afternoon with a panel discussion moderated by Bruce B. Clark, retired Soil Conservation Service (SCS) state conservationist. William R. oschwald, U. of I. professor of soil classification; John C. Guillou, chief Illinois waterway engineer; William R. Boggess, U. of I. professor of forestry; and William J. Harth, Illinois Division of Fisheries superintendent, will discuss "Where We Stand on Resource Conservation."
Friday morning Earl R. Swanson, U. of I. professor of farm management production economics, will speak on the economics of soil
and water conservation. Paul J. Warrick, head of the SCS Watershed- River Basin Work Plan Party, will talk about "Costs and Benefits of
Water Impoundment Structures."
Following an awards luncheon Friday, Allerton Park Director Walter M. Keith, a U. of I. professor of landscape architecture, will discuss "Robert Allerton Park — A Resource in the Midwestern Expansion of Parks and Recreation."
Registration for the annual meeting begins at 1 p.m. Thurs- day in Room 314A of the Illini Union. Persons interested in conser- vation of natural resources are invited to attend the sessions.
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
JNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Record Turkey Production Expected
URBANA — More turkeys will be available for holiday tables this year than ever before, says R. P. Bentz, University of Illinois agricultural economist.
Bentz points out that the U. S. Department of Agriculture has predicted that turkey numbers this year will exceed the 1965 volume by 10 to 12 percent. If the USDA predictions are correct, the 1966 turkey crop will amount to 115 to 117 million birds. Illinois is expected to produce about 1.3 million birds, ranking seventh among the 12 north-central states.
At Thanksgiving and Christmas, 8- to 16-pound turkeys are expected to sell for about 45 cents a pound, says Bentz. "This price is four cents less than last year's average, and it's a welcome change for consumers who have recently faced so many food price increases," he says. Heavier turkeys may sell for less than 40 cents a pound.
"Turkeys are going to be a good buy this year because of price competition from both broilers and pork and because of a record turkey crop," Bentz explains. As a result, average retail prices for turkeys should be lower in most areas this fall."
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Here are Bentz's observations on supply and farm price situations for the fall season when more than two-thirds of the year's turkey supply is consumed:
— Turkey slaughter for the first six months of this year was 32 percent higher than the same period last year. Despite the effort to market birds early, the bulk of the turkey crop has yet to move off farms.
— Cold storage stocks of turkeys fell this summer to the lowest level in five years. But by September 1 stocks had increased to nearly 166 million pounds, a record high for that date. Carryover on January 1 is also expected to reach a record high.
— Farm prices for turkeys this fall are expected to average about 21 cents a pound. This means the 1966 average farm price will be down only slightly from the 22.6 cents per pound average in 1965. During the first eight months of this year, turkey prices averaged 23.2 cents a pound, one-half cent above last year's average for the same period.
--The North-Central Region will produce about 46 percent of
this year's turkey crop. Minnesota, Iowa and Missouri are the three
leading turkey-producing states in the region. But each of the
12 states in the region — except Kansas — will probably raise more than
a million birds this year.
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RPB:GAR:pg 10/11/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Exhibits To Show Ag College In Action At Student Guest Day, October 29
URBANA — "Harnessing the Future" is the theme of a series of special exhibits that will show the University of Illinois College of Agriculture in action as a feature of the annual Student Guest Day in Urbana, Saturday, October 29.
The exhibits, which will be manned by students, will be open at the Stock Pavilion during the lunch hour. They will illustrate college club activities, organized housing, departmental programs and career possibilities in agriculture.
Student Guest Day gives all Illinois high school students an opportunity to get the latest information about college costs, admis- sion requirements, scholarships and housing, plus the chance to tour the University's laboratories and classrooms and meet the faculty.
The day's program starts at 8:45 a.m. with registration in the lobby of the University Auditorium. Following a film on agricul- tural careers at 9:15 a.m., Dean Orville G. Bentley of the College of Agriculture will welcome guests. Assistant dean of the college Warren K. Wessels will preside.
At 10:05 a.m., Dr. Karl E. Gardner, associate dean of the college, will present an introduction to the University. Edward L. McMillen, a U. of I. sophomore, will discuss "My First Year at Illi- nois." E. E. Oliver, associate dean of admissions and records, will explain admission requirements and scholarships. And C. D. Smith, assistant dean of the college, will talk about housing and costs.
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Following lunch and the exhibits, visitors will attend . special interest sessions in which faculty members will answer specific questions about courses and careers in agriculture. Discussion at these sessions will center on crops and soils, horticulture and flori- culture, animal science, dairy science, agricultural economics, farm management and agricultural marketing, law, education, extension, communications, engineering and mechanization, forest production and wood technology, veterinary medicine, food science and dairy technology, general agriculture and agricultural industries.
Each of these sessions will be repeated so that visitors may attend at least two of them. And university students will be available throughout the day to answer questions about the courses.
Interested parents and teachers are also invited to attend
Student Guest Day. Box lunch tickets will be available to all visitors
for $1 each at the time of registration.
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JAPtpg 10/11/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS RESEARCH BRIEFS
NOTE TO EDITORS: This story relates to research projects presently underway or recently completed by scientists in the U. of I. College of Agriculture.
Narrow Rows Demand New Concepts In Harvesting Equipment
About 2 percent of Illinois' 9-million-acre corn crop was planted in 30-inch rows in 1965, the first year commercial equipment for narrow-row planting was available on a production basis.
However, the switch to narrow rows is bound to mushroom from that modest beginning, say University of Illinois agricultural engi- neers. The result will surely be new concepts of planting and har- vesting equipment.
Extension agricultural engineer Wendell Bowers says typical costs to convert equipment to narrow-row planting ranged from $3.83 per acre per year on 100 acres to $1.40 per acre annually on 600 acres,
Conversion costs between those two extremes averaged $2.30 for 200 acres, $1.82 for 300 acres, $1.60 for 400 acres and $1.48 for 500 acres.
Keep Boars Cool
Illinois animal scientists say research indicates that it may be important to keep boars cool during the breeding season.
In one study, litters averaged 7.8 pigs when both the sow and boar had shade during the breeding season. Average litter size jumped to 8.5 pigs when sows had access to a sprinkler and the boars didn't and to 8.9 when only the boar was sprinkled.
Litters averaged 9.6 pigs when both the boar and sow were
sprinkled.
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HDNsJAPrpg 10/11/66
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
rtfiL
JNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
URBANA, ILLINOIS
SPECIAL COVERAGE
DAIRY FIELDMEN'S CONFERENCE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY P.M., October 18, 1966
Illinois Mastitis Council Aims
To Improve Milk Production, Reduce Losses
URBANA — Improving milk production and reducing economic losses from mastitis are the primary objectives of the newly organized Illinois Mastitis Council, reports G. W. Meyerholz, University of Illinois extension veterinarian and council member.
Speaking at the U. of I. annual Dairy Fieldmen's Conference here Tuesday (October 18), Meyerholz stated that, by pooling the in- terests and talents of the Illinois dairy industry, the council hopes that additional progress can be made in reducing mastitis.
In Illinois mastitis — an inflammatory disease of the udder of dairy cows — costs an estimated $12 million annually. The greatest loss occurs through decreased milk production, which amounts to more than 10 percent in affected herds. In addition, milk from severely affected and treated milk glands is discarded. Recent evidence in- dicates that the disease also contributes significantly to decreased yields of cheese and other manufactured milk products.
Meyerholz said that preventing losses from mastitis is becoming increasingly important as the number of dairy cattle contin- ues to decrease, presenting the possibility of a short milk supply in the near future.
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Diagnostic and screening tests will help to identify problem herds and could help to detect early mastitis before severe damage occurs, Meyerholz said. But the dairyman must have good technical assistance on the farm to help him prevent mastitis. He may need to invest more labor and money in a control and prevention program. But this investment should pay dividends in increased production and profits, Meyerholz added.
Since multiple factors contribute to the severity of mastitis and its spread, there is no easy solution or shortcut to reducing the problem, Meyerholz noted. The dairyman must scrutinize the total milk management program — including milking systems and practices, sanita- tion, housing and nutrition. Diagnosis and treatment must be improved to salvage profitable cows. It often takes six months to a year to bring the disease under control once a severe outbreak occurs.
Meyerholz pointed out that scientists have accumulated important knowledge about mastitis and its multiple causes, both infectious and non-infectious. And recommendations have been made for controlling the disease.
Where herd owners have strictly adhered to good milking and management principles, mastitis has been significantly reduced or prevented. These results lead to increased profits for the dairy- man. And it is likely that more progress can be made in reducing the disease if the Illinois dairy industry supports the council's efforts, Meyerholz concluded.
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DAIRY FIELDMEN'S CONFERENCE
FOR RELEASE TUESDAY P.M., OCTOBER 18, 1966
Establish Sound Feeding Program For Profitable Dairy Business
URBANA — The key to a profitable dairy business is high production per cow. And milk production records serve to identify the profitable cows in your herd and provide the basis for estab- lishing a sound feeding program, according to University of Illinois dairy researcher Carl L. Davis.
Davis told the Dairy Fieldmen's Conference here Tuesday (October 18) that since feed costs represent about 50 percent of the total cost of producing milk on the farm, they play a major role in determining profits and losses. An imbalance of nutrients or under- feeding is a problem in the majority of Illinois dairy herds.
Energy, protein, minerals and water are the dietary needs of cows, Davis pointed out. Energy and protein requirements vary with the size, age and activity of the animal and with the amount and fat content of milk produced.
The "best" source of any nutrient is the one that is read- ily available and is the most economical in per-pound cost, Davis noted. Farm grains like corn or oats, roughages (hay and silage) and protein supplements are the usual sources of energy for dairy cows. Soybean oil meal is one source of protein. Urea, a nonprotein
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nitrogen, also may be used to supply part of the nitrogen needs of cows. Salt and a calcium and phosphorus supplement will meet the mineral requirements.
In outlining general guides established to help dairymen meet the nutritive needs of lactating dairy cows by using available feeds, Davis said that a first requisite is to feed all the good-quality roughage a cow will eat without waste. An average cow will consume about two pounds of medium-quality hay for every 100 pounds of body weight. And about three pounds of corn silage will replace one pound of hay on a dry-matter basis when silage is fed instead of hay.
Then adjust the protein content of the grain mixture to properly supplement the kind and quality of roughage fed. The grain mixture should contain from 10 to 12 percent of crude protein if all- legume roughages are fed, Davis said.
For example, a combination of legume and non-legume roughage will require a grain mixture containing 13 to 15 percent of protein. And a 16 to 18 percent protein content is needed when all non-legume forages are fed.
Last, feed grain according to production to meet the nutritive needs of dairy cows. Jerseys and Guernseys producing 30 to 50 pounds of milk each day will need one pound of grain for every two to three pounds of milk produced. Holstein, Brown Swiss and Ayrshire cows producing 40 to 60 pounds of milk daily will need one pound of grain for every three to four pounds of milk produced.
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Davis emphasized that the general guides he had presented would work well in meeting the nutrient needs of average cows under average conditions. And he suggested that, for more details on feed- ing lactating dairy cows, dairymen ask their county farm advisers for a copy of "Current Dairy Feeding Recommendations."
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JAP:sm 10/18/66
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U. S., Mainland China To Continue Soybean Production Lead
PEORIA— The United States will continue to produce more than 70 percent of the world's soybeans during the next 10 years, the Dean of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture stated Monday.
Speaking before the International Conference on Soybean Protein Foods, Orville G. Bentley presented these estimates of the potentials and limitations for worldwide soybean production.
During the past 10 years, U. S. production has expanded while production in the rest of the world has declined. All factors considered, major producers in the next 10 years will probably continue to be the United States and mainland China— the two countries producing 91 percent of world output in 1965.
Increasing output in Brazil, the Soviet Far East, Canada and Mexico will give these countries a rising share of world output.
Unfavorable growing conditions will discourage acreage expansion in western Europe, western United States, western South America and other similar areas.
In some countries, government policies may influence growers to plant other crops. But if prices for various crops are permitted to direct production, growers will plant soybeans rather than another
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crop when they expect more prof-it. The soybean plant has a high
degree of adaptability and is recognized all over the world as an
efficient producer of high-quality protein and edible oil.
Students of world food problems agree that more protein
is the most critical need both now and in the foreseeable future.
Soybeans rank far ahead of other crops in supplying protein for
both human and animal use. When the needs for protein are great
enough and the market system recognizes this need, there is a
potential for growing more soybeans — the nuggets of nutrition for
a hungry world, Dean Bentley concluded.
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. r-j
NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Dairy Farming Nets Modest Returns Compared With Other Farm Operations
URBANA — Dairy farmers have realized only modest returns
from their labor and management compared with other farm operators,
a University of Illinois agricultural economist recently told the
Dairy Fieldmen's Conference.
Franklin J. Reiss reported that in 1965 the operator's labor and management earnings averaged $4, 315 on 94 northern Illinois rented dairy farms averaging 40 milk cows per farm. These farms averaged 228 acres of tillable land, 19.3 months of labor per year and a tenant's investment of $24,004 per farm.
Comparatively, in the same year 184 northern Illinois grain farming tenants had operator's labor and management earnings of $6,497 per farm. These farms averaged 249 tillable acres, required only 13.5 months of labor per farm and had a tenant's investment of $19, 147 per farm.
Both groups of farmers were renting farms valued at more than $125,000 per farm, Reiss noted.
It is evident, he said, that dairy farm earnings must increase if capable young men are to be attracted to dairying. There are many non-farm employment opportunities that offer attractive wages and hours.
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In discussing how a young man can acquire enough land and capital to do an efficient job of dairy production and make it pay, Reiss said that the equity of 50 percent or more required by most lenders makes ownership impossible. But there are some alternative ways of entering farming, Reiss emphasized.
To acquire farm land and buildings, the young farmer may choose leasing or low-equity ownership. He has the same two basic alternatives for meeting the need for operating capital. He may own key items, hire others or use the credit backing of his parents or other interested individuals. Leasing possibilities include labor-share leases, father-son farm operating agreements, equipment leasing and livestock leasing.
Reiss pointed out that there is no single answer or simple guide for selecting a plan. Ownership should generally not be the choice, he said, if it ties up capital that would earn more if used to build a larger volume of business. He cautioned farmers to borrow only for purposes that will earn more than the cost of borrowing and only if repayment is possible.
Leasing farmland is not new, Reiss said, but much of what should be in a good farm lease _is new. Therefore, he advised farmers to get the latest information before signing a lease.
On the other hand, equipment and livestock leasing is new. Reiss offered these suggestions on leasing*
— Lease only if ownership is not feasible, and then only if the leased property will earn enough to pay the cost of leasing.
— Lease only if released equity capital will earn more in some other use.
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— Remember that rental payments must cover all costs of ownership by lender. Therefore, it may be cheaper to own the items than to lease them.
For example, what it costs to rent a dairy cow depends largely on the value of the cow. Two of the biggest items to be covered by the rental charge — interest on the value of the cow and the amount by which her value decreases per year--may be classified as depreciation. The average annual death loss and property taxes are also included. And if the owner pays for veterinary bills, breeding fees and hauling costs, they also may be included in the rental charge.
Rental payments may be in cash or in a share of the calves
dropped or milk produced, or both, Reiss said. If you have labor,
space and feed to handle more cows than you can own, he added,
leasing may be a way to increase your net income. You can either
lease cows direct or spread your labor and management over a larger
herd under a livestock-share or labor-share lease.
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Aq College Enrollment Hits New High Of 2, 124 Students
URBANA — Enrollment at the University of Illinois College of Agriculture has hit a new high this fall with 1,692 undergraduate and. 432 graduate students, according to C. D. Smith, assistant dean.
This year's undergraduate enrollment increased by 125, or 8 percent, compared with a 1965 increase of 161. The two years combined represent a 20 percent increase over 1964, Smith said.
Speaking at a recent conference of the state extension staff, Smith noted that the 1966 enrollment figures do not include about 100 agricultural engineering students in the College of Engineering, 50 home economics students in Liberal Arts and Sciences and about 200 professional students in the College of Veterinary Medicine. With these additions, enrollment in agriculture and closely related areas is about 2,500.
The increase in agriculture is the second highest, in both number and percentage, in any undergraduate college at Urbana, Smith said. But, he added, opening of the Chicago Circle campus has drawn students from the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Engineering, Fine and Applied Arts and Commerce. And the development and expansion of junior colleges has had a similar effect in many areas.
College of Agriculture enrollment has increased by about 25 percent since 1960, compared with a total undergraduate enrollment increase of 18 percent for the same period at the Urbana campus.
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Despite this increase, it is difficult to meet the demand for agriculture and home economics graduates, Smith pointed out. The increasing number of students entering graduate schools each year and many others entering military service further reduces the number available for immediate employment.
Starting salaries are favorable for agriculture graduates, Smith said. Salaries in 1966 averaged $6,600, with a range of $5,700 to $8,500 a year for men with a B.S. degree. This figure is a $1,000 increase over the average three years ago.
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JAPtsm 10/21/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Silt Causes High Cost Of Water Treatment
URBANA — Silt removal probably accounts for more than 50 percent of municipal water treatment cost, according to R. D. Walker, University of Illinois extension soil conservationist.
Soil conservation practices, such as contour farming, terracing, grass waterways and minimum tillage, can cut down on the silt washed from farmers* fields and reduce municipal water costs, Walker noted.
Sediment deposition could be reduced from 43 to 92 percent in nine Illinois watersheds studied by John B. Stall, Illinois State Water Survey engineer, Walker said. Farm conservation programs in the southern Illinois Crab Orchard watershed would cost about $38 an acre, but increased crop returns would amount to $10.60 an acre annually. At this rate increased crop production could pay for the programs in only four years, but the $10.60 additional income would continue much longer.
Speaking at a recent meeting of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation District Directors, Walker pointed out that agricultural misuse is not the only reason for soil erosion and silt pollution. For example, interstate highway construction exposes at least 40 acres of land per mile.
"Pavements, lawns and natural cover eventually heal the scars of construction, but the sediment damage occurring as choked streams and reservoir deposition is more lasting," said Walker.
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Through cost-sharing arrangements, the federal watershed protection and flood prevention act — Public Law 566 — has helped to provide for municipal and industrial water supplies. As an example, Walker cited the Big Blue watershed covering 41.7 square miles in Pike county. Pittsfield has benefited from additional water held by dams constructed under P.L. 566.
The 98 soil and water conservation districts include almost all farm land in Illinois. Farmers and landowners within a district elect five persons who serve without pay on the district board. The districts are organized under Illinois law, but they cannot tax or levy assessments.
The federal Soil Conservation Service has supplied the necessary technical assistance and facilities to each district. In addition the districts have cooperated with other state, federal and private agencies concerned with soil and water conservation.
About 50 district directors attended the two-day sessions
at the University of Illinois
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GARzsm 10/21/66
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NEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS Y ^ ^? *
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Corn Silage Can Replace Hay In Dairy Calf Ration
URBANA— University of Illinois research indicates that good-quality corn silage can replace hay in the dairy calf ration without serious adverse effects on the calves. U. of I. dairy researcher Carl Davis reports that these studies were also confirmed by experiments conducted at the Pennsylvania State University.
In the Pennsylvania study, 36 Holstein calves were divided into three equal groups. One group received alfalfa hay, a second was fed corn silage and the third received a combination of hay and silage,
All roughages were fed free choice from birth to 20 weeks. The calves also received a limited amount of milk from birth to six weeks, plus a calf starter fed daily at a miximum rate of three pounds per calf.
Body weight gain was essentially the same for all groups of calves during the experimental period. Therefore, it was concluded that good-quality corn silage is a satisfactory roughage for young calves.
Davis points out that dairymen who replace legume hay with corn silage in the dairy calf ration must make up for the vitamin D and calcium deficiencies in the silage. He recommends feeding a vitamin D supplement and either steamed bone meal or dicalcium phosphate as a mineral supplement.
It is also important that the calves eat the silage well, since they must eat about three times as much silage as hay to get the same amount of dry matter. One way to encourage better corn silage consumption, Davis says, is to clean out the feed box and feed fresh silage each day.
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CLD: JAPrsm 10/25/66
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UI Dairy Products Judging Team Wins Regional Contest At Chicago
URBANA — The University of Illinois dairy products judging team recently placed first in a field of six midwestern college teams in the Chicago Dairy Technology Society's regional contest at Chicago. This was the 11th first place for the U. of I. team in the past 10 years.
Team member Steve Drew, Oswego, also won first-place honors as high individual scorer. Other team members are Jan Ruhr, Glen Ellyn; James Grant, Sullivan? and alternate Ken Hails, Texico. Dairy technology professor Joseph Tobias coaches the team.
During the contest individuals judge 10 samples of five products: butter, American Cheddar cheese, pasteurized milk, vanilla ice cream and cottage cheese.
The U. of I. team won trophies for team first places in milk, Cheddar cheese and ice cream judging in addition to the trophy for first place in the overall contest. Drew won a gold wrist watch as high individual scorer.
In discussing the team's performance, Tobias noted that
many career opportunities av/ait college graduates in dairy technology
and food science. He added that contest banquet speaker Samuel Dean,
Dean Foods Company, also urged student contestants to enter the food
and dairy industries upon graduation. Qualified men and women can
find a wide choice of jobs in the areas of processing, quality control,
research, sales and service.
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GARssm 10/25/66
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
UI Economist Lists Guides For Selling Corn
URBANA — When there is a short corn crop, the price peaks early in the season, a University of Illinois grain marketing economist observes.
Writing in a new publication issued by the College of Agriculture, T. A. Hieronymus lists seven general rules about sea- sonal patterns of corn prices. He also statess
The price decreases when livestock numbers are declining and increases when they are increasing.
The price increases during periods of improving general business conditions and declines as unemployment increases.
When a large crop follows a short crop, there is rel- atively little price change.
One large crop following another results in a higher than average price increase.
The rate of CCC sales has an important effect on price during the spring and summer.
The support system works effectively when the price is substantially below the loan at harvest. It does not work when the pi ice at harvest is high in relation to the loan.
During the current marketing year beginning October 1/ Hieronymus believes th^t the market is alert to the possibility of shortage and the much larger prospective 1967 crop. Such a situation suggests that the seasonal price peak for corn may occur early — prcbably in December or January.
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In Circular 948, "When to Sell Corn, Soybeans, Oats, and
Wheat, " Hieronymus lists detailed costs involved in storing corn,
including insurance, taxes, interest and moisture changes. Copies
may be obtained from the College of Agriculture in Urbana or from
the office of any Illinois farm adviser.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
High-Producing Cows Return
Twice As Much To Labor, Management
URBANA — Illinois Dairy Herd Improvement Association records again point out the money-making advantage that high-producing cows have over low-producing cows.
DHIA records show that Holstein cows producing about 13,000 pounds of milk for the year ending April 1966 returned more than twice as much for labor and management as Holstein cows producing about 9,200 pounds of milk for the year.
The milk production levels used in the study are represent- ative of the average production of all cows in DHIA and of all cows in Illinois, respectively, according to Ralph Johnson, University of Illinois dairy extension specialist.
Johnson says that in this study feed costs were considered to be half of the total cost of producing milk. The remaining costs were divided equally between labor and other costs.
It is recognized, Johnson points out, that the distribution of feed, labor and other costs will vary from farm to farm because of differences in the investment in buildings and equipment and the man- agement ability of the dairyman. But the method used in this study dees provide a guide to average labor and management returns that can be expected at different levels of milk production, he adds.
Results of the study emphasize the importance of having
production records on individual cows so that dairymen can increase
their earnings by culling low-producing cows from their herds,
Johnson notes.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Ag College Schedules Short Course For January 30 - March 10 in Urbana
URBANA — The University of Illinois Winter Short Course in Agriculture, scheduled for January 30 - March 10, 1967, is planned to give people who cannot regularly attend college a chance to learn the latest farming ideas and methods.
Warren Wessels, short course supervisor, says that partic- ipants in the short course may choose from among more than 20 courses in the areas of agricultural economics, agricultural engineering, agronomy, animal science, dairy science, horticulture and veterinary medicine. And several classes are especially planned to interest turf groups.
All short course instructors are professors in the College of Agriculture, prominent in their fields of study and up to date on the latest research findings.
Wessels believes that the average annual attendance of nearly 90 people indicates the importance they place on acquiring more advanced mechanical skills and technical knowledge to help keep up with the rapid changes in today's agriculture. Attending the short course gives them a chance to add to their high school knowledge and practical experience.
Short course students are enrolled as regular students of the College of Agriculture and are eligible to attend University of Illinois athletic events, dances, concerts and other activities just as any other regularly enrolled student.
Cost of the short course will range from $235 to $300, depending on the course and housing accommodations the student selects.
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Wessels suggests that prospective students check with their local banks about possible scholarships. The Illinois Bankers Association encourages its member banks to award scholarships to selected short course students living in their trade areas. Last year 18 member banks and county federations awarded 21 scholarships.
The Illinois FFA Foundation also is offering twenty $50 scholarships to active FFA members who can meet short course require- ments.
Wessels notes that ages of short course students in the past have ranged from 18 to 65 years, but most students are between 18 and 23.
For more information about the short course, write to
Warren Wessels, Short Course Supervisor, 104 Mumford Hall, College
of Agriculture, Urbana 61801.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Farm-City Seminar To Discuss World Food Situation Nov. 3-4
URBANA — "Will we eat tomorrow? It may depend on you" is the main question to be discussed by national leaders in agricultural business and education at the farm-city agri-business seminar at the University of Illinois, November 3-4.
At the opening session Thursday morning, Dean Orville G. Bentley of the U. of I. College of Agriculture will present the keynote address. Speakers in a panel discussion that follows will include Glen Sample, vice-president, Indiana Farm Bureau; M. D. Hill, president, J. I. Case Company? and Karl Gardner, associate dean, U. of I. College of Agriculture.
Tom Ware, chairman, International Minerals and Chemical Corporation, will talk on "The International Dimension" at the Thursday evening banquet.
On Friday morning Robert Miller, AVCO Broadcasting Corpora- tion, will discuss "Communications Roadblocks and How to Solve Them. " Roy Battle, Clear Channel Broadcasting Association, will speak at lunch Friday on the "Role of Voluntary Organizations in Developing Encouragement and Action."
J. B. Claar, director of the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service, is chairman of the seminar sponsored by the National Farm- City Week Committee. Sessions will be at the Illini Union and the Ramada Inn.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Weather Affects Morrow Plot Yields
URBANA — Just as in many farmers' fields, the yields of the famed Morrow plots here showed the effects of weather. The highest yield, 131 bushels, came from a plot receiving manure, lime and phosphorus from 1904 to 1954 plus nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium since 1954. That yield compares with the recording-breaking 163 bushels last year, according to University of Illinois agronomist Larry Miller.
Only one-third of the plots — the continuous corn section — were in corn this year. Next year agronomists will plant the entire Morrow Plots to corn.
An untreated plot in corn continuously, with records kept since 1888, produced an "embarrassingly high" yield of 52 bushels per acre. A low population of 8,000 plants per acre may account for this rise, says Miller. In only three years of the plots' history have yields been so high. The record low yield from this plot came in 1933, when agronomists harvested only 8 bushels.
Only the untreated continuous corn plot has the 8,000 plant population. On all other plots agronomists use a 16,000 plant population, Miller points out.
Considering the weather, other sections of the continuous corn plots also yielded well. One plot, untreated before 1954 and receiving lime, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium since 1954, made 116 bushels per acre. Another continuous corn plot receiving manure, lime and phosphorus since 1904 made 121 bushels per acre.
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As agronomists harvested and checked yields, they noted that the moisture content of corn from untreated plots was considerably higher than that from the treated plots. Untreated plots averaged 28 percent moisture? treated plots averaged 22 percent moisture.
Circular 777, "The Morrow Plots," contains detailed
information, including a supplement of yields up to 1965. Each
county farm adviser has a copy of the circular.
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JJFrsm 10/28/66
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY NOVEMBER 3, 1966
World Food Problems
To Dwarf Political Conflicts
URBANA — Worldwide food shortages during the last quarter of the 20th century could dwarf today's world political problems, the dean of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture stated today.
Speaking before a national agribusiness seminar, Orville G. Bentley pointed out that world population is in- creasing faster than food production. If this trend continues, widespread famine is likely in Asia, Africa and Latin America before the end of the century.
The two most obvious solutions are to reduce pop- ulation growth rates and increase food production. Both will be needed to avert disaster, but neither is simple or easy to implement on the vast scale that is required, he said.
Bentley called for a continued investment in re- search and education as a way to maintain peak efficiency in U. S. agriculture and help meet our own needs and our foreign commitments.
He also cited a growing need to invest more in
education and research in foreign agricultural development.
The productivity of American farms, vast as it is, cannot
solve world food needs directly, he emphasized. Instead, we
must take steps to help food-deficit countries develop their
own production potentials.
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Through our government's foreign aid programs, our University staff works under contracts to help establish institutions — agricultural universities, research stations and extension programs — that will enable these people to tackle their own problems. Our efforts will be aimed at institution building — a continual and long-range process. The problems of increasing food-producing capacity will not be solved on a short-range basis, he said.
Bentley called for teamwork among industry, educa- tional institutions and government to provide leadership and ideas that will help our nation's agriculture, and that of developing countries, to grow and prosper.
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Inventory Your Roughage Supplies Now
URBANA — Dairymen should take a careful inventory of the roughage they harvested in 1966 to see whether supplies are adequate to provide winter feed for the dairy herd. Such inven- tory is especially important in sections of the state affected by drought, since both quantity and quality of roughages are lower in these areas.
General guides to assist dairymen in evaluating their supplies are given by Ralph Johnson, University of Illinois extension dairy specialist. Each milking cow will need 2 to 2 1/2 tons of good legume hay or the equivalent in silage for the feeding period, Johnson says. Yearling heifers will need 1 1/2 to 2 tons each, and 6- to 12-month-old heifers will need three-fourth ton of legume hay or the equivalent.
It takes about 3 tons of 70 percent moisture corn silage to equal 1 ton of hay in feeding value. Johnson estimates that 4 tons of high-moisture legume-grass siiage are equal to 1 ton of hay, while only 2 tons of 45 percent moisture haylage will provide the same nutrients. Differences in the moisture content of these silages are responsible for differences in the relative feeding values.
Multiplying the roughage requirements for each animal by the number of animals in each age group will give the total amount needed for the feeding period. These estimated needs can then be compared with the actual amount of hay and silage available to be fed.
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Dairymen have several alternatives if the supply of roughage does not equal their estimated needs. One is to ration the roughage so that it will last for the feeding season and to feed some additional grain as a substitute for hay if price relationships are favorable.
A second, alternative is to buy hay now if it is available at a reasonable price. Good hay usually costs more and is harder to get in the spring than it is in the fall.
Dairymen who are short of roughage could also harvest some mature corn silage this fall. Feeding corn stover to non- producing animals can help to stretch the available supply of roughage.
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY NOVEMBER 3, 1966
Three. Illinois Farm Advisers Receive Distinguished Service Awards
HONOLULU, HAWAII — Three Illinois county farm advisers were named today to receive the distinguished service award of the National Association of County Agricultural Agents during the association's annual meeting. They were E. E. Golden, DeKalb county; Raymond N. Rendleman, Hancock county; and Fred Tincher, Whiteside county.
Golden has been farm adviser in DeKalb county since 1954. He was born at Manito and graduated from the University of Illinois in 1950 with highest honors. He was assistant farm adviser in Champaign county from 1950 to 1954.
In 1966 Golden received the U. S. Department of Agriculture superior service award. He received an M.S. in Business Administration from Northern Illinois University in 1963.
Rendleman has been Hancock county farm adviser since 1959. He was born in Carbondale, attended Southern Illinois University, was graduated from the University of Illinois in 1949 and received an M.S. degree in 1961. He previously served as assistant farm adviser in Marion county and farm adviser in Calhoun county.
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Tincher has been farm adviser in Whiteside county
since 1958. He was born in Longview, Texas and received B.S.
and M.S. degrees from Oklahoma State University in 1954 and
1955. From 1955 to 1957 he served as assistant farm adviser
n Fayette county.
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE.
iRSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Special to Selected Dailies
Many Values To Complete Farm Records
Farmers with completed Illinois farm records will have many more benefits than just a basis for filing their in- come taxes, according to Frank Graham, University of Illinois area farm adviser.
Although good records are important for filing taxes, the benefits to a farm business may be greater in their other uses, Graham emphasizes.
The farmer who summarizes his gray Illinois Farm Record Book will have a way to determine costs of producing crops and livestock. He can also determine his net worth and calculate his returns to capital and labor.
The new Illinois Farm Record Book came into use for the first time in 1966. Thousands of farmers throughout the state are using it. And along with these farmers, many more are expected to begin using it in 1967. County farm advisers have new books available now.
Since summarizing the first time may involve some questions, the Extension Service has arranged meetings to help record-keeping farmers do the job this year.
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Meetings are scheduled at the following times and places:
Tuscola, December 5; Eureka, December 7; Clinton, December 8? Lincoln, December 9; Pekin, December 12; Henry, December 13; Champaign, December 14; Petersburg, December 19, Springfield, December 20; Sullivan, January 5; Taylorville, January 9? and Melvin, January 13.
All farmers keeping the Illinois Farm Record Book
are invited to attend this meeting.
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HDG:lm 11/11/66
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ERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Ag Communications Specialists Evaluate Letter To Dairymen
URBANA--Will reading about a suggested management practice persuade a man to try it?
This was a question University of Illinois dairy scientists and agricultural communications specialists hoped to answer in a recent evaluation of "Milk for Manufacturing," a year-old experimental letter mailed monthly to about 6,000 Illinois farmers.
A random 10 percent of the farmers receiving the letters were asked about five specific practices suggested in the letters: feeding grain according to production? feeding each cow a recommended grain ration with two pounds of roughage for every 100 pounds of body weight; applying nitrogen to pastures; following correct milking practices; and checking milking machines.
Replies from 270 farmers, representing about 4.5 percent of those who receive the letter, showed that about 5 percent of them had begun the practices recommended in the letter in the past six months. This response suggests that the letter may have influenced their decisions, researchers say.
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Another 20 to 30 percent were already following the recommended practices. And 20 to 30 percent admitted that they did not follow them, suggesting that there is still need for educational work with this group. The high percentage of "no answers" — 40 percent — suggests that many farmers were reluctant to tell what they were doing, thinking that the answers might reflect unfavorably upon their enterprises.
On the basis of these findings, researchers say that
they will continue the direct mail program for another year to
all Illinois producers of milk for manufacturing.
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
ERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Special to Illinois Dailies Only and Farm and Home Advisers
EDITOR'S NOTE; A copy of "Who's Who At Club Congress" is enclosed to provide biographical data on all Illinois delegates. Also enclosed to dailies and farm advisers is a photo-sheet with in- dividual photos of Illinois delegates.
Illinois Delegates Named To Attend Club Congress
URBANA — Illinois' 38 top 4-H Club members will attend the 45th National Club Congress in Chicago November 27 - Decem- ber 1. They will join more than 1,600 delegates who represent 2, 185, 145 club members from 50 states and Puerto Rico.
Club Congress is one of the most important events in the 4-H year. Delegates are older 4-H'ers who have shown out- standing leadership in 4-H programs and in community activities.
Nearly 60 business firms, foundations, associations and individuals provide funds for national and regional winners. Donors also arrange banquets and entertainment to honor Club Congress delegates.
"Pursuit of Excellence" is the theme for this year's Congress. Prominent leaders from government, education and business will challenge delegates to set higher standards. And the delegates will have a chance to gain a broader understanding of the interdependence of business, industry, science, agricul- ture and education.
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Entertainment features of the Congress will include a get-acquainted party at the Hilton International Ballroom, tours of Chicago museums and industries, a "pop" concert at Orchestra Hall and the International Livestock Exposition at Chicago's Union Stockyards.
Illinois 4-H'ers selected from a field of more than 78,000 members to attend Club Congress are Maureen Andrew, Quincy; Wanda Ball, New Canton; Bob Bidner, Mahomet; Willard Bredfield, Jr., Downers Grove; Frank Brewer, Tolono; Ann Culbertson, Joy; Linda Davidson, Dongola; Charles Edwards, Pawnee; Ted Evans, Albion; Alan Fulkerson, Oregon; Roger Golden, Manito; Suzanne Greeson, Toledo; Susan Grommet, Belleville; Sue Grosboll, Petersburg.
Bernard Heisner, Peotone; Kay Ingerski, El Paso; Judi Jackson, Manteno; Henry Kallal, Jerseyville; Karen Knodle, Filmore; Dorothy McFarland, Paxton; Diana Martin, Lena; John Moeller, Wheeler; Mary Oberle, Prophetstown; Jeanne Payne, Ewing; Ronald Perisho, Hanna City; Robert Reich, Mt. Sterling; Enid Schlipf, Gridley; Florence Schmidt, Naperville; Esther Schrader, Bridgeport.
Brenda Sehnert, Carbondale; Nancy Stephens, Enfield;
Martha Stoneburner, Roseville; Diane Sutton, Morris; Bill
Vaughan, Fairfield; Barbara Watson, Lena; Steve Weber, Geneseo;
Janice Westlund, Prophetstown; and Darold Wubbena, Shannon.
Alan Fulkerson, Oregon, will attend Club Congress as
a sectional winner in photography. Other sectional winners who
are also delegates are Jeanne Payne, sectional winner in dairy
foods, and Charles Edwards, a sectional winner in poultry.
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IEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
fERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M., NOVEMBER 17, 1966
SPECIAL FARM STRUCTURES DAY COVERAGE
Warm Confinement Beef Systems Reduce Labor And Bedding Needs
URBANA--The warm confinement beef feeding system eliminates bedding and reduces labor in a cattle-feeding opera- tion, according to D. G. Jedele, University of Illinois exten- sion farm structure specialist.
Speaking at Farm Structures Day here on November 17, Jedele said that more and more farmers are using the warm confinement system and the open-lot system — two trends away from the conventional drylot systems generally used in Illinois
Warm confinement systems house cattle in enclosed, insulated, fan-ventilated buildings that provide wintertime control of inside air temperatures. Most beef producers equip buildings with slotted floors, manure storage pits and a liquid manure-handling system.
The open-lot system uses no sheds. Windbreaks and sunshades provide protection from weather in winter and summer.
Jedele, believes that the warm confinement system can expand the cattle- feeding operation on owner-operated farms already having drylot systems. Large cattle-feeding corpora- tions generally use open-lot systems.
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In addition to providing the same benefits as any other confinement system, warm confinement setups generally improve efficiency and rate of gain, especially during extremely warm or cold weather.
Controlling inside temperatures permits use of equip- ment that can't otherwise be used when temperatures drop below freezing .
Jedele says any beef confinement system--temperature controlled or not — requires less labor to handle manure than the conventional drylot system does. Protecting waste from sun and. rain and nearly eliminating surface runoff increases the fertilizer value of manure. And eliminating runoff also reduces the chance of polluting streams and wells.
Confinement systems require less land than the conven- tional systems, and good layouts are relatively easy to plan.
According to Jedele, the disadvantages of confinement
systems include the initial cost, the resulting property tax
and the lack of available research, experience and layout plans.
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FOR RELEASE THURSDAY P.M., NOVEMBER 17, 1966
SPECIAL FARM STRUCTURES DAY COVERAGE
Swine Confinement Systems Become
More Popular As Labor Problems Increase
URBANA — As farm labor becomes harder to find and afford, confinement systems are becoming more popular among Illinois commercial hog producers.
A. J. Muehling, University of Illinois extension farm structures specialist, told a Farm Structures Day audience here Thursday (November 17) that commercial hog producers will continue to raise many hogs on pasture and in portable housing. But the need to solve labor cost and shortage problems will encourage them to advance several trends in confinement systems that are already evident in Illinois.
One important trend, Muehling said, is the use of confinement buildings and slotted floors for sows before and during farrowing. Many producers confine sows in groups and in individual pens before farrowing. And he also predicted that "tethering" sows will become more popular when equipment companies promote this practice more.
According to Muehling, Illinois hog producers seem willing to accept slotted-f loor farrowing in insulated, fan- ventilated buildings. Totally slotted floors using three-inch concrete slots 3/8 inch apart appear to be a popular choice on Illinois farms.
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The modern growing-finishing house must have slotted floors, Muehling said. He believes that for most of the state completely enclosed buildings with totally slotted floors pro- vide the most versatile and flexibile housing for all pigs, from weanlings to gestating sows. The less costly open-front buildings featuring partially slotted floors proved another alternative that is best suited to the milder climate of southern Illinois.
Although some large producers use both lagoons and hauling to solve manure management and odor problems, hauling continues to be part of most swine operations. The oxidation ditch shows promise as an effective disposal method, but Muehling believes it needs further testing.
Many producers have changed from floor feeding to
self-feeding in the growing and finishing house. Muehling
predicts that more producers will equip buildings with pneumatic
feed conveyors when they become commercially available as
complete units.
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
RSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Urea As Nitrogen Source Matches Soybean Meal In UI Beef Test
(EDITOR'S NOTE: See October Agri-Pix for photo to accompany this story.)
URBANA — Beef cattle feeders may not have to suffer losses in feed efficiency and daily gains when they substitute urea for soybean meal as a protein source in corn silage — high moisture corn rations.
University of Illinois animal scientists U. S. Garrigus and E. E. Hatfield report that preliminary results of a summer beef feeding experiment indicate that urea works as well as soybean meal for furnishing nitrogen in the ration. Here's how the 80 northwestern steers in the feeding trial performed the first 133 days:
Twenty steers receiving a daily ration of 20 pounds of corn silage, 15 pounds of high-moisture corn and one pound of soybean meal averaged 2.88 pounds of gain daily. A second group of 20 steers receiving 20 pounds of corn silage, 15 pounds of high-moisture corn and one pound of urea-ground corn mixture averaged a three-pound gain per day. The 40 steers receiving daily 20 pounds of urea-fortified corn silage, 15 pounds of high-moisture corn and one pound of ground corn averaged a daily gain of 2.88 pounds.
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The researchers point out that since all groups were fed equal weights of feed with the same crude protein equivalent, the feed efficiencies vary directly with the gains.
At current prices, substituting urea and corn for more expensive soybean meal can reduce feed costs more than one cent per pound of gain, says Hatfield.
But successful feeding of urea requires good manage- ment, Hatfield emphasizes. High concentrations of urea are toxic- -sometimes fatal--to cattle, especially if consumed rapidly, he explains.
Livestock producers also tend to blame the nitrogen source rather than the method of feeding for poor performance, he says. To get good results in feeding urea supplements, they must be thoroughly mixed with the rest of the ration.
A "built-in" safe, practical and convenient method of adding urea to beef cattle rations is to supplement corn silage with urea and the necessary minerals at silo-filling time, says Hatfield.
Urea dissolves and disperses evenly through wet corn silage harvested at 30 to 35 percent dry matter. This even distribution is difficult to get when mixing urea in feeds. And when cattle eat rapidly at the feed bunk, rumen utilization of urea's nitrogen is lower, making the toxicity risk greater than when urea is fed in silage.
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Adding urea and the necessary minerals at silo-filling time is a practical way to fortify silage and grain without the problem of supplementing the grain at feeding time. Also, additives apparently prolong fermentation and lower the freez- ing point of silage, making winter feeding easier.
But additives will not correct mistakes in silage- making techniques, Hatfield says. Errors in moisture and pack- ing in the silo can cause poor silage regardless of the mate- rials added at silo-filling.
Cattlemen may hear the final results of this feeding
trial at the U. of I. Cattle Feeders' Day in Urbana April 13.
Final feedlot performance, live grade, carcass grade, dressing
percent and the effects of dietary vitamin E on vitamin A
stores also will be reported.
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EEH:GAR:sm 11/18/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Plan Year-End Strategy To Save Tax Dollars
URBANA--With today's trend toward bigger farms and higher costs, tax management deserves top priority in your farm business, especially as tax-filing time approaches.
To avoid paying unnecessary taxes, start now to plan your end-of-the-year strategy, advise University of Illinois farm management specialist Fay M. Sims and agricultural law specialist John Henderson. Estimating your taxable income for 1966 is a good place to begin. If your income will be higher than it was last year or is in normal years, Sims and Henderson suggest these possible ways to lower taxes:
— Buy and take delivery on paint, herbicides, fer- tilizer, seed or other supplies you will need next year. The general rule is that such expenses must be "ordinary and nec- essary" to the business.
— Wait until 1967 to sell grain or livestock. But remember that holding livestock for the longer period may cost more than you would save in taxes in terms of a lower market price or the extra cost of gain at heavier weights. And if you deliver grain this year and want to defer collecting the money until 1967, be sure you have a written contract with the elevator stating that the money is not to be paid and that you cannot collect it until a specified 1967 date.
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--Buy the equipment or machinery you need, and take the "fast write-off," or additional 20 percent first-year deduction. Remember, however, that the total depreciation allowance for the life of the item can be only so much and using the fast write-off reduces depreciation you can claim in future years.
— If someone owes you money for labor or services, delay collection until 1967.
— Sell any property on an installment contract. If you receive more than 30 percent of the sale price in the year of sale, however, all of the gain is taxable in that year.
— Defer reporting income from crop insurance if you intend to buy replacement grain or crop. And if you were forced to sell livestock because of drouth and reinvest the proceeds in the same kind of livestock within a year, no tax- able gain is recognized.
Sims and Henderson report that if your taxable in- come is lower for 1966 that it was last year or in a normal year, you may postpone some deductions until 1967 in these ways:
— Sell additional grain or livestock. Sale of lives- stock in December may be desirable from a tax standpoint, although at lighter weights the per-pound. price may be lower.
--Cull your breeding herd and sell now.
— Sell any capital items no longer needed in your farm business.
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— Postpone some deductions until 1967 by using your charge account and paying after January 1.
Sims and Henderson point out that the tax rate this
year will be the same as in 1965. But there has been some
speculation about a tax increase next year. If you consider
this increase a possibility, you might want to make some sales
now rather than in January.
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JAPt sm 11/18/66
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UI Aq Economist Notes Differences Between High- And Low-Return Hog Farms
URBANA — While some of the best Illinois hog farm operators achieved a return of $248 for every $100 of feed fed during 1965, a group of operators with the lowest returns achieved, only $151, according to farm business records sum- marized by the University of Illinois Department of Agricultural Economics.
D. F. Wilken analyzed a sample of 734 hog farms farrowing 10 or more litters per year. Comparing the top 10 percent of these farms in returns per $100 feed fed with the low 12 percent of farms revealed definite differences that help explain the reasons for high returns.
The 76 farmers in the high-return group farrowed 89 litters, while the 88 farmers with low returns averaged only 59 litters. The high-return group averaged 9.5 pigs farrowed per litter, while the low-return group averaged only 8.8. The top group saved 7.7 pigs per litter, while the low-return group av- eraged only 7.0 pigs.
Death losses were lower on the high-profit farms, averaging 1.1 percent of the weight of hogs produced compared with 1.4 percent on the low-return group.
The high-return farmers sold their hogs at 233 pounds and received $21.62 per hundred compared with a market weight of 240 pounds and an average price of $20.24 for the low-return operators.
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Low feed costs were a key factor in explaining higher returns. The high-return group averaged $9.66 per hundred pounds of hogs produced compared with $12.69 for the low-return group. The more profitable operators produced 100 pounds of pork with 366 pounds of grain and commercial feeds compared with 467 pounds on the low-return farms.
The savings in feed equaled about 1,678 bushels of corn and 7.8 tons of protein per farm, or about $2,350.
The hog enterprise has been a very profitable business for the farmer in the high-return group and a moderately profit- able business for the average hog producer, Wilken points out.
If nonfeed costs during the last 10 years are es- timated from detailed cost studies at $5 per 100 pounds, the high-return farmer sold his hogs at $2.48 per hundred pounds more than his total cost. The average producer received 99 cents per hundred pounds more than his total cost. If the low- return group had had the same nonfeed cost, they would have received 60 cents less than their total cost of production.
In the years ahead, if the relationship between hog prices and production cost continues to be favorable enough to compete with returns from selling cash grain, it should encour- age increased hog production on many Illinois farms, Wilken
concludes.
The complete report on the 1965 Summary of Illinois Farm Business Records, Circular 941, is now available and may be requested from the University of Illinois College of Agri- culture, Urbana.
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FOR RELEASE SATURDAY P. M. , NOVEMBER 26, 1966
Costs Of Cattle Gains Increase With Length Of Feeding Period
CHICAGO — Feed costs per 100 pounds gained were $3-4 higher for long-fed steers than for comparable steers fed to low-choice grade in recent University of Illinois tests.
The trend was for gain costs to increase as length of feeding period increased, U. of I. animal scientist S. L. Davis reported here today during the third annual meeting of the mid- western section of the American Society of Animal Science. He said two lots of 10 yearling Hereford steers and two lots of 10 Hereford steer calves were used in the study.
"We fed one lot of calves and one lot of yearlings until they were graded low-choice on the hoof, " Davis explained. "Steers in the other two lots each gained at least 200 pounds more." Researchers compared rates of gain on both steers and calves every 28 days.
"The steers' average rate of gain for the last 112 days was only 50 percent as great as that for the first 84 days, " Davis said. "Feed cost stayed higher than §20 per 100 pounds gained, for each period after 196 days on feed and aver- aged $26.03 for the last 112 days."
Feed costs per 100 pounds gained over the entire feeding period were $17.89 for the long-fed steers and $13.93 for the steers fed to low-choice grade.
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The study showed similar results for the calves. They reached maximum average gains after 224 days on feed, when they weighed about 980 pounds. Gain for each successive 28-day period after that was less than two pounds per day and averaged 1.50 pounds daily from 224 to 392 days.
"The calves showed a constant increase in both feed required per pound of gain and feed cost per 100 pounds gained after 56 days on feed," Davis explained. "Feed cost per 100 pounds gained averaged $26.35 from 224 days on feed to the end of the experiment."
Carcass data showed that the long-fed steers had a 3 to 4 percent higher dressing percentage and 11 percent larger loin eyes. The steers graded one-third to one-half grade higher in both quality and conformation.
"However, these advantages were offset by the much
wastier carcasses from the long-fed steers, " Davis said. "The
extra trim fat resulted in a 5 percent lower retail yield for
the calves and a 12 percent lower retail yield for the
yearlings. "
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U. Of I. Sheep Day Set
For December 9
URBANA — Intensified production is the theme of research to be reported here at the annual University of Illinois Sheep Day December 9.
The program features A. L. Pope, University of Wisconsin animal scientist, speaking at 1:35 p.m. on "Selecting Breeding Stock for Tomorrow's Production."
R. O. Nesheim, head of the U. of I. Animal Science Department, will officially open the program at 10:00 a.m. in the Stock Pavilion. But early visitors may tour the sheep research facilities during an open house beginning at 8:30 a.m.
The morning program includes reports on lamb confine- ment in Illinois, flock health in confinement, space require- ments for lambs on slotted floors and non-protein nitrogen in sheep nutrition.
Animal scientist Bennie Doane will report on an experi- ment that offered "convincing evidence" in favor of accelerated lambing. As a result, the U. of I. Rambouillet flock of about 90 ewes has been scheduled for accelerated lambing.
The afternoon program also includes G. R. Frelk, Monier Sheep Co., speaking on the production scene for 1967 and Frank C. Hinds, U. of I. animal scientist, discussing lamb growth and carcass value.
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Terry Lee Johnson, Miss Wool of Illinois, will relate some of her experiences in the recent national wool queen con- test in Texas. Mrs. Fred Francis, Illinois director of the "Make-It-Yourself-With-Wool" contests, will summarize the re- sults of the district contests.
The U. of I. student Hoof and Horn Club will serve
lunch in the Stock Pavilion.
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GAR:sm 11/18/66
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
RSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Speakers Stress Extension's Role At Council Chairman's Conference
URBANA — Herrell DeGraff, president of the American Meat Institute and an international authority on human nutri- tion, will keynote the 1966 Cooperative Extension Co.incil Chairman's Conference with an address on agricultural produc- tion and world food needs.
The two-day conference opens here Wednesday, Hoverr- ber 30, in the Illini Union.
Nearly 2.00 men and women who serve as chairmen of county Cooperative Extension Council? will *?t:ten the confer- ence for an intensive review of the six major educational pro- gram areas of the extension service. County extension farm advisers and home advisers also will attend.
DeCraff, addressing the Wednesday evening banqu t audience., will emphasize the continued import ai. re of an efficient agricultural production and marketing system in terms of both U. S. food needs and food requirements for an exploding world population. The Cooperative E.vtensicn Service has identified agricultural production and marketing as one of six educational program ar>:-.ae that must receive continuing attention and er.phas.is.
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The conference opens Wednesday afternoon with an address by Doretta Hoffman, dean of home economics, Kansas State University, on the importance of educational programs related to horns economics and family living.
K. Clay Tars, editor of the Daily Pantagraph, Bloomington, will stress the Cooperative ~*tenoJ.on Service-' s educntional responsibility to support prc/ramo that improve the quality of human environment and community life.
The fourth educational responsibility of the exten- sion service will be reviewed Thursday morning, when C. J- cauner explains extension's role in helping young people achieve their potential through education and experir ice. Gauges is state leader of 4-H Club work, at Iowa State University,
:<;:-. a follow-up address, Unive Ltv l>ice-
Presi lent and Provost Lyle H. Lanier v.-ii 1 i e possi- bility of the county extension office thi "edi tiona.1 doorway" for the entire Universit ra.
•: • G. nentley of the Liege of
Agriculture will - the mornii eview of
the sixth essentia] program area — helpinc >
initi ite and - sx tens ion educations .- ; cable to those that Lsted in the U. S. for more th; /ears.
hx. the cl< sing luncheon on Thursday, Dii 3i ohn B.
Clar»i of the Cooperative Extension Service w. 11 outline the
programs and organizational systems that have heer: designed to
permit tie extension service to accomplish its objectives.
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KRs sm 11/22/66
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Soybean Yields On UI A.llerton Farms Average 37.5 Bushels Per Acre
URBANA — This year's soybean crop on the University of Illinois* Allerton Trust Farms averaged 37.5 bushels per acre on 1,526.8 acres, reports Donald G. Smith, U. of I. agricultural economist and manager of the University Trust Farms.
The 1966 yield is the third highest since the farms came under University management in 1946, Smith says. And total acreage planted to soybeans again set an all-time high, 3.9 acres more than the 1965 level.
Harvest was completed on October 29 after a delay caused by mid-October rains. But the color of the soybeans is good, and in all but one case cracking was slight. Hail damage on farm numbers 5, 6 and 7 caused considerable stem breakage. Alfred Harms, operator of farm number 4, reports that his Amsoys did not stand so well as he had expected. Otherwise, standability was generally good, Smith says.
Frank Lubbers, Jr., operator of farm number 8, again had the highest yield, 41.4 bushels per acre, which was five bushels below his 1965 yield. He planted 40 acres of Amsoy and 41.3 acres of Wayne in 30-inch rows.
L. D. Dalton and Richard Hodges, operators of farm number 5, had the second highest yield, 40.3 bushels per acre from Wayne and Harosoy 63 varieties. Burgess Allen, operator of farm number 6, was third with 38.8 bushels per acre, using Wayne, Clark 63 and Harosoy.
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Wayne was again the highest yielding soybean variety, Smith notes. Roland Hoffman and Sons, operators of farm number 1, had 46 acres planted to this variety and averaged 47.4 bushels per acre. Allen raised 30 acres of Wayne that averaged 44.6 bushels per acre.
Ten years ago the Allerton Trust Farms had 1,067 acres
of soybeans. Average yields were 29.4 bushels per acre. The
ten-year average yield is 34.8 bushels per acre.
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JAP: sm 11/22/66
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FOR RELEASE FRIDAY P.M. NOVEMBER 25, 1966
U. Of I. Scientists Study Hog Confinement Problems
CHICAGO — Housing smaller numbers of pigs per pen with adequate floor space appears to improve rrite of gain on hogs in confinement feeding systems, according to recent University of Illinois research.
Animal scientist A. H. Jensen reported here today the results of five U. of I. experiments concerning the effects of floor space allowance and number of pigs per group. He was addressing the third annual meeting of the midwestern section, American Society of Animal Science.
Test groups numbered from 3 to 24 pigs, ar.d average floor space per pig ranged from about 2.3 to 3.8 square feet. Weights at the beginning of the trials averaged 19.8 to 24.2 pounds per pig.
Performance improved as the number of pigs per pen decreased. Generally the fewer the number of pigs per pen, the more feed they ate.
Jensen said the average daily gain and average daily feed intake per pig were lowest in the grcup confined to about 2.3 square feet of floor space per pig. With this amount of floor space per pig, average daily gain and average daily feed intake decreased as the number of pigs per pen increased.
During the five trials, pigs were tested on partially slotted, slotted and expanded metal floors.
Jensen said that U. of I. animal scientists hoped to
find the best combination of space allowance and number per pen
for young pigs in confinement.
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Pulpwood Demand Remains High
URBANA — With industrial demands for wood products high and continuing to climb, timber stands of native hardwood can supply some of the pulpwood needed for a growing market both inside and outside the state, says University of Illinois forest economist I. I. Holland.
Forest covers 11 percent — 3.8 million acres--of Illinois. But Illinois manufacturers must still import most of their wood and wood product raw material from other states. And costs are much higher than they might be if more of this need could be supplied from within the state.
Expansion of pulpwood manufacture in Illinois would also encourage the removal of what foresters consider poor growing stock. Removing such stock, coupled with adopting better forest practices on the remaining timberlands, would make it possible to produce timber better suited to Illinois' industrial needs, Holland points out.
The demand for wood and wood products in the U. S. and on the world market will continue to increase, says Holland. According to estimates made by the Food and Agriculture Organization, the world will require about 1.5 billion cubic meters of wood other than fuelwood each year by 1975. The FAO estimates a need for 1.2 billion cubic meters of fuelwood in the same period.
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Most of the world's increased use of processed wood — lumber, plywood, paper and other wood fiber products — will occur in the highly developed, industrialized countries, such as the U. S., the countries of Europe, the U.S.S.R. and Japan. Less developed regions, such as Latin America, Africa and Asia, will use increased amounts of fuelwood and unprocessed wood.
According to estimates, Europe will create a demand
for a little less than 25 percent of the additional annual
requirements for industrial wood. About 20 percent of the
demand should come from North America, mainly from the U. S.
The U.S.S.R. will need about 14 percent; and Japan, about 12
percent. The rest of Asia, Africa and Latin America will
probably account for the remaining 30 percent.
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J JF r sm 11/22/66
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
RSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Poor Tax Advice Costly Says UI Farm Management Specialist
URBANA- -Nothing is more costly than poor advice, especially at tax planning time, says University of Illinois farm management specialist Fay M. Sims. So as 1967 tax filing time approaches, Illinois farmers should seek good professional tax help and be willing to pay for it.
It is unlikely that many people keep up with all tax rules. But there are many competent tax practitioners in Illinois, Sims notes. Some of them have taken advantage of the special farm income tax schools conducted jointly each year by the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service and the Internal Revenue Service. These schools are designed to teach tax practitioners new laws and interpretations of existing tax laws.
Sims points out that a commercial farmer whose opera- tion grosses $40,000 or more a year is in the "big business" category and should be willing to pay for efficient tax help. A tax specialist not only should fill out your tax forms, but also should keep you up-to-date on new tax laws and rulings and other ideas for making tax savings. A fee of $50-100 would not be out of line for such a service, he adds.
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Your tax specialist can do a better job of saving tax dollars for you if you supply him with complete and accurate records, Sims believes. Lack of good farm cost records and depreciation schedules often causes many farmers to pay more income tax than is required.
County farm advisers have a good record book prepared by the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service, Sims reports. This book is available to any interested person. In addition, the Farm Bureau Farm Management Service offers a record-keeping service, visits by fieldmen and farm record analysis. Farm advisers can supply information about this service.
Finally, plan to see your tax specialist more often
than at tax-filing time, Sims says. The more he knows about
your farm business, the more he can help you with effective
tax management.
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JAP:sm 11/29/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Tile Outlet Terraces
May Replace Sod Waterways
URBANA — Level-ridge tile outlet terraces provide erosion control while eliminating grass waterways, says R. C. Hay, University of Illinois extension soil and water specialist.
Hay reports that this new,. terrace, being tested by U. of I. agricultural engineers and the Soil Conservation Service, can be laid out relatively straight to eliminate most point rows and make farming easier. In addition to serving as terrace outlets, the tile provides the under-drainage generally needed to eliminate wet spots on slopes.
The level-ridge tile outlet terrace stores water temporarily and collects silt before the water enters the riser inlets to the tile below. Hay says most designs allow for stor- age of two inches of runoff water. He believes it is important to install enough riser outlets to remove the water within 24 hours.
During unusually heavy rain storms that overtop the terrace, the water flows in thin sheets the entire length of the terrace. Hay points out that this eliminates heavy washing on one spot.
Based on his experience with this system on more than a dozen farms, Hay estimates that building level-ridge tile outlet terraces costs about $100 per acre. This figure includes costs of tile, inlets, earth moving and smoothing.
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The cost is higher than standard terraces, but Hay believes that the crop acreage gained, the greater convenience in farming and the year-around protection from the tile justify the extra cost.
More detailed information on level-ridge tile outlet
terraces can be obtained from farm advisers and from county
soil conservation district offices.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Plan To Deduct Disaster Losses From 1966 Income Tax Returns
URBANA — Since destruction of property by tornado, flood, storm or fire is a deductible item on income tax returns, Illinois farmers who were the victims of these natural disasters in 1966 should start now to organize records, photographs and other items to compute and substantiate these deductions.
John Henderson, University of Illinois assistant professor of agricultural law, says that a casualty loss on property used solely for personal purposes is deductible only to the extent that it exceeds $100 for each casualty. The full amount of casualty losses of business property or property held for income production is deductible.
Henderson says that two items must be determined to figure the amount of the loss. One is the "adjusted basis" of the property — its cost plus improvements minus depreciation taken. For example, if a barn originally cost $6,000 and $2,000 depreciation has been taken on it, its adjusted basis would be $4,000.
The second item is the decrease in fair market value caused by the casualty. This value can best be established by an experienced and competent appraiser. The casualty loss is the difference between the fair market value of the property immediately before and immediately after the casualty, but it may not exceed the adjusted basis of the property.
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Insurance proceeds and cash or property received from disaster-relief agencies to restore or rehabilitate the property must be used to reduce the amount of the loss to find the farm- er's deductible casualty loss, Henderson notes.
Henderson illustrates these rules this way: Suppose that the barn with the $4,000 adjusted basis was worth $4,800 before a tornado and $1,200 after. The farmer received $3,000 from his insurance company. His computations show that the loss in value was $3,600. After subtracting the insurance proceeds, the deductible casualty loss on the barn is $600.
Suppose that the tornado also damaged the farmer's home and furnishings. The house, including the land, costs $9,000. The value immediately before the storm was $12,000; the value immediately after the storm was $2,500. Household furnishings that cost $1,800 were completely destroyed, and there was no salvage value. Their market value before the storm was $1, 200.
The farmer collected $8,000 insurance on the house and $800 on its furnishings.
His computations show that the loss on the house was $9,000 less the insurance proceeds of $8,000, or $1,000. The casualty loss on furnishings was $400 ($1,200 less $800). Total casualty loss deduction on the house and furnishings is $1,400 less the $100 not deductible, or $1,300.
The farmer who uses the cash method of reporting income
may not deduct losses to livestock and crops raised for sale and
to raised draft, dairy or breeding animals, Henderson says. The
farmer who uses the accrual method of reporting omits these items
from his inventory at the close of the tax year.
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If thu property is used partly for business and partly for personal use, the casualty loss is computed as though the property were two separate pieces. The $100 limitation applies to the part of the property allocated to personal use.
Henderson suggests that for further information you
get a copy of Internal Revenue Document No. 5175, "Disasters,
Casualties and Thefts, " at the nearest Internal Revenue Service
Office. Tax consultants and practitioners can also provide
valuable assistance, he says.
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JAP:sm 11/29/66
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
RSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. S. Land-Grant Idea Offers Promise For Developing Nations
URBANA — What the United States has had from its land- grant college system — research, resident instruction and exten- sion education — offers the greatest promise for improving food production in developing nations. But the process of extending this system abroad may be painfully slow, says Herrell DeGraff, president of the American Meat Institute, Chicago.
Keynoting the 1966 Cooperative Extension Council Chairmen's Conference here Wednesday, DeGraff emphasized one of extension's major missions today — the need for continued high efficiency in agricultural production and marketing to help meet world food needs.
"We must produce for our growing population, " DeGraff said, "and we have no choice but to contribute to others of the world."
This job must be done out of current production because we now have no surpluses, he added.
An international authority on human nutrition, DeGraff pointed out that as recently as 1950 many of the less developed nations were net exporters of food. But today, because of the change in population growth, these same nations require 40,000 tons of food a year from the more developed, countries.
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"We have a fantastic abundance of foodstuffs in the U. S.," DeGraff noted. "If we compare the availability of food with food requirements, we will find that we have between 40 and 100 percent more than we need of all food except calcium."
And we are feeding our larger population from the same land base we had years ago, DeGraff said. We have accom- plished this by "stretching" the land through technology.
"Some people say that in the next 25 years we are going to get all the 'stretch' we can from the land," DeGraff said. "Some people say we can't roll ahead at the pace we have in the past. But population will roll ahead at the rate of about one percent a year."
Helping other countries initiate and develop exten- sion education systems comparable to those that the U. S. has had for more than 50 years could help solve the food production problem, DeGraff believes. But it will be difficult to "catch the young people, educate them and then keep them on the farm" in developing nations.
"You can't educate young farm people to go back to the farms in the rest of the world," DeGraff emphasized. "Education is their passport off the farm."
Such has not been the case in the U. S., he added. "The genius of our system is that we have educated our young people to go back to the farms and improve them."
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DeGraff observed that, if population growth continued at the same rate it has maintained since the mid-1600s, world population in the year 2050 would total about 15 billion compared with 3.3 billion today.
"But we will not attain this figure, "DeGraff said, "because famine, disease, pestilence and war--the Four Horse- man of the Apocalypse — will ride once more and prevent it."
The biggest world enemy presently is malnutrition, he said. This condition characterizes a population that gets its largest amount of food nutrients — 73 percent — from grain, as do most of the people in developing nations. Animal products provide only nine percent.
"The frightening aspect comes when you see it not as a still picture, but as a motion picture," DeGraff said/ in noting that population is growing most rapidly in developing countries.
He believes that we are facing a difficult agri- cultural situation in the U. S. because we have the ability to produce a great deal more than we are producing.
"We need more production," DeGraff emphasized. "But
farming will have to be a great deal more profitable than it
has been if farmers are to continue farming."
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JAP:sm 12/2/66
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FOR RELEASE WEDNESDAY P.M., DECEMBER 7, 1966
Illinois Biochemist Describes Aquatic Herbicide Use
WICHITA, KANSAS — Only two preemergent herbicides — fenac and dichiorobenil — have been approved for aquatic weed control by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, says Robert C. Hiltibran, Illinois Natural History Survey biochemist, Urbana, Illinois.
Speaking at the North Central Weed Control Conference here Wednesday (December 7) , Hiltibran said that granular fenac controls sago pond weed and reduces the stand of southern naiad.
Both fenac and dichiorobenil are effective general herbicides when applied to small areas, such as boat docks and property waterfronts. However, fenac can not be applied to water. It should be applied to the exposed pond bottom either in early fall before the winter freeze or in the spring after the pond bottom has thawed. Dichiorobenil can be used in water or on exposed pond bottoms. Hiltibran reports that the best results with dichiorobenil have been obtained from applica- tions made in March after the bottom soil thaws.
Dichiorobenil controls sago pond weed, southern naiad and chara — an alga — Hiltibran said.
He cautions pond owners not to use other preemergent herbicides recommended for agricultural use. And herbicide- treated water should not be used for domestic purposes, for watering livestock or for irrigation.
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Several other herbicides are being studied in Illinois, Hiltibran said. Neither atrazine nor simazine has proved effec- tive as a preemergent herbicide. And neither is approved by the USDA, he added.
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DD:srn 12/2/66
EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
ERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
W*£*
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. of I. Scientists Test Vacuum-Sealed Plastic "Silos"
EDITOR'S NOTE: See the November Agri-Pix for a photo to accompany this story.
URBANA — Low-cost vacuum storage of silage between plastic sheets may not replace upright silos, but some farmers are already using this method to increase their silage-storing capacities.
This fall and winter University of Illinois animal scientists and agricultural engineers are testing a method, developed in New Zealand, to store 25-ton stacks of corn forages. These vacuum-sealed stacks can hold as much as 1,000 tons, says U. of I. animal scientist Waco Albert.
Storage costs are much lower with this plastic "silo" than with a conventional upright silo. But the costs vary with the size of the commercial units, which contain two plastic sheets and sealing apparatus-
Albert says a 100-ton unit costs about $2.25 per ton for the first year and $1.00 per ton in succeeding years. A 300-ton unit costs about $1.38 per ton for the first year and about 70 cents per ton in following years. Normally the two plastic sheets are the only parts of the unit that have to be replaced each year.
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Here's how Albert explains the vacuum-seal method under test by U. of I. researchers:
Silage is unloaded in a long stack on a heavy plastic sheet spread on the ground. A vacuum hose with small holes at about six-inch intervals is placed the length of the stack and four or five inches below the surface of the forage.
Workers then cover the stack with another plastic sheet. The end of the perforated hose protrudes through the top plastic sheet and couples into a line attached to a tractor-powered vacuum pump.
The two sheets are fastened together around the bottom of the stack with a plastic zipper attachment.
Finally, the researchers pump air from the stack for about an hour, repeating this operation every day for several days. The vacuum pumping provides all the necessary compacting.
Vacuum sealing prevents aerobic (oxygen-using) bacteria from spoiling the silage, Albert explains. In normal ensiling, anaerobic (nonoxygen-using) bacteria form acetic and lactic acid. Lactic acid is the major silage preservative.
Vacuum sealing of silage also minimizes loss of nutrients through heat and oxidation, says Albert. Carbon dioxide — not oxygen--aids in proper silage-making.
A farmer could roll back the top sheet a little at a time and self-feed from the plastic silo. He might also use a tractor-mounted unloader to move the silage to a feed bunk. Or, after he has emptied an upright silo, he could refill it from the plastic silo to take advantage of mechanized feeding equip- ment.
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Storing silage between plastic sheets could become a low-cost means of increasing the feeding capacity of the upright silo, the researchers say.
The U. of I. experimenters have stored these five corn forages in the vacuum-sealed plastic siloss normal corn silage; corn stover, or chopped stalks and cobs, called stalklage by the researchers; and fine, medium and non-chopped husklage, or the corn husks and cobs as they come from a picker- sheller .
This winter animal scientists will feed these forages to five groups of eight pregnant beef heifers. They will com- pare each group's gains and. the digestibility and palatability of the forages. Farmers can hear progress reports of the feed- ing trial at the U. of I. Cattle Feeders Day on April 15 in Urbana.
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GARtsm 12/6/66
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
RSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. OF I. RESEARCH BRIEFS
Know How To Substitute Roughage To Keep Milk Production High
Most dairymen know that high-quality roughages are the backbone of a dairy cow ration. But they don't know how ■ far they can go in substituting one kind of roughage for another without affecting production, U. of I. dairy scientists say. For example, can a dairyman feed corn silage as the only rough- age and still get good milk yields?
Yes, say the researchers, i_f you adjust the grain mixture to compensate for the differences between the nutrient content of, say, alfalfa hay and corn silage. When silage is the only roughage, you must feed more grain to compensate for any reduction in dry-matter intake.
If you are short of roughage, you can feed additional grain to make up the difference if you do not reduce the intake of roughage below one pound of hay, or three pounds of silage, per 100 pounds of body weight. Reducing the roughage intake below this level may cause the fat test of the milk to drop.
U. of I. experiments show that limiting cows to five pounds of hay per day and feeding more than 30 pounds of grain will decrease the fat test about 50 percent.
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High-Producing Cows Double Returns To Labor, Management
University of Illinois dairy scientists report that DHIA records again point out the money-making advantage of high- producing cows over low-producing cows.
A recent study of DHIA records shows that Holstein cows producing over 13,000 pounds of milk for the year ending in April 1966 returned more than twice as much for labor and management as Holstein cows producing about 9, 200 pounds of milk. These production levels are representative of the average production of all cows in DHIA and in Illinois, respec- tively.
In the study, feed costs were figured as half the total cost of producing milk. Remaining costs were divided equally between labor and other costs.
Although the researchers realize that the distribution of feed, labor and other costs will vary from farm to farm, they say that this method provides a guide to average labor and. management returns that the dairymen can expect at the different levels of milk production. Simple Grain Mixture Cuts Costs
How many different feeds should the grain mixture for dairy cattle contain? U. of I. dairy scientists say to keep the mixture simple. Since they have found no advantage to adding several different cereal grains, simplicity will keep costs down.
They report that this grain mixture has been used in
the U. of I. herd for several years with good results: ground
shelled corn, 1,500 pounds; crushed oats, 150 pounds; soybean
oil meal (50% crude protein) , 300 pounds; and mineral mixture,
50 pounds.
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EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
ERSITY OF ILLINOIS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
URBANA, ILLINOIS
SHEEP DAY .'OVERAGE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
U. Of I. Researchers Report Accelerated Lambing Experiment
URBANA--Accelerated limbing programs can increase production and income for shee~- producers, according to recent University of Illinois tests.
In a two-year experiment, 19 Rambouillet ewes weaned an average of 2.16 lambs per ewe each year, reported U. of I. animal scientist Bennie Doane Friday during the annual Illinois Sheep Day program. The U. of I. Rambouillet flock had weaned an average of 1.25 lambs per awe annually during the seven-year period preceding the experiment.
Accelerated lambing means shortening the interval between lambing from 12 luonths to 8 months or less, Doane ex- plained. Then ewes can produce more than two Jamb crop^ in two years.
In the experiment, lambs were weaned when they ner< about 60 days old. Then U. of I. experimenters treated the ewes for 14 days with a progesterone-like substance to syn- chronize heat periods. Twenty- four hours before tne last progesterone treatment, the ewes received pregnant mare serutfc to stimulate ovulation.
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Doane said the U„ of I. Rambouillet flock of about 90 ewes has been placed on an accelerated lambing program because of "convincing evidence" from the U. of I. tests. Researchers have divided the flock into two groups. If a ewe fails to con- ceive in one group, she moves to the other group for breeding. There have been no unusual problems associated with the accel- erated lambing program, Doane said.
This type of program permits a producer to systemize
his lamb production to fit a diversified farming operation, he
concluded.
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GARrsm 12/9/66
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SHEEP DAY COVERAGE
U. Of I. Animal Scientists Seek Large Market Lambs
URBANA- -Market lambs selected from large parents and fed to about 150 pounds could nearly double the pounds of lamb produced per ewe, say University of Illinois animal scientists.
During the annual Illinois Sheep Day here Friday, Frank C. Hinds reported the progress of U. of I. work toward efficient production of heavier-than-usual market lambs from large parents.
He listed these benefits of the larger lambst Meat packers could reduce unit processing costs with increased pounds of meat per carcass. Wholesale and retail meat dealers could offer larger cuts with more flexibility than with normal-sized cuts.
11 In the final analysis, the consumer would have a greater choice of more attractive cuts, " said Hinds.
U. of I. researchers are testing Suffolk, Targhee and Suf folk-Targhee crossbred wether lambs from the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center and Rambouillet wether lambs from the Urbana flock. Lambs weighing from 50 to 175 pounds are slaughtered for carcass analysis.
The researchers take K-40 counts on the lambs at 28-day intervals during the experiment and just before slaugh- tering. The K-40 instrument — called Illasco — counts potassium isotopes in live animal bodies. From this count scientists can accurately predict the carcass composition without slaugh- tering the animal.
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The instrument has not counted slaughter lambs weighing more than about 115 pounds. Hinds said the experiment could furnish new information about the accuracy of K-40 counting of slaughter lambs of heavier weight ranges.
Besides using the K-40 counter, researchers are observ- ing carcass composition and size and display appeal of loin eyes.
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GARrsm 12/9/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE SHEEP DAY COVERAGE
U. Of I. Study Shows Few Differences In Sources Of Nitrogen For Lambs
URBANA — Early-weaned lambs fed a dehy-urea supplement produced daily gains comparable to those of lambs fed a soy- bean oil meal supplement, but reacted more strongly to severe weather and weaning stresses in recent University of Illinois tests.
U. of I. animal scientist J. M. Lewis reported on the work during the Illinois Sheep Day program here Friday. Although the two nitrogen sources produced no significant dif- ferences in average daily gains, Lewis noted that the soybean meal supplement produced 5.88 percent more pounds per lamb than the dehy-urea supplement.
At the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center, researchers divided the black-faced lambs into four lots of eight each. Before weaning at about 70 days, the lambs were creep- fed com- plete high-energy rations. Two lots received dehy-urea and two lots received soybean meal as protein supplements.
Half of the lambs in each lot were implanted with three milligrams of diethylstilbestrol (DES) . Lewis said the DES implants significantly increased gains in all lambs, but had the most effect on the lambs receiving urea.
Lewis noted that the lambs fed the dehy-urea supple- ment didn't eat well during "very cold weather with moderate snowfalls" in late January and also during the bad weather in
February.
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The weaning stress is difficult to explain, said Lewis. The lambs ate nearly equal amounts of both rations during a pre- weaning period of 22 days and the first post-weaning period of seven days. But average daily gains for the first seven days after weaning were .484 pound for lambs fed the soybean meal supplement and .253 pound for lambs fed the dehy-urea supple- ment.
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GAR i sm 12/9/66
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Society Should Act To Upgrade Environment, Editor Says
URBANA — "We are busily at work despoiling our environ- ment, and it is time to start paying the cost to prevent this assault. "
In describing the "uglification" he sees all around, H. Clay Tate, editor of the Bloomington Pantagraph, told a meet- ing of the Cooperative Extension Council chairmen here recently that we operate this country as though we have the right to "exploit, despoil and desecrate our heritage."
The billboards, air pollutants, auto graveyards and modern machines that leave no stem standing all contribute to the desolate picture.
"One wonders if laying bare the rolling prairie of the Corn Belt is not an unreasonably high price to pay for the convenience of maneuvering machines," Tate said, "and if fall plowing is not an expensive way to buy time in the spring."
But farmers are not the primary suspects in this "assault upon our environment, " Tate noted. More than 360 million tons of gaseous waste from factories, vehicles, garbage dumps and household chimneys go into the air each year. And millions of tons of refuse go into the rivers, lakes and streams to debase the valleys and threaten fish, wildlife and people.
This pollution has been possible because the public
is apathetic, Tate emphasized. It is time to consider the cost
of pollution prowontion and pay that cost. It will be a bargain
for posterity, he added.
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Tate pointed out that, since it is becoming tech- nically possible to produce the ford we need and all we can profitably sell abroad on les^ acreage than we now cultivate, wc should consider how to use ihe rest of the Innd. Scrre of it will go for necer.sary things — highways, expanding cities, decentralizing factories and co-nmercial enterprises.
But we should plant seme of the land to trees, he said. And local and str.^e governments should acquire come of the acres for prrks ?.nd recreation.
A tremendous job of education lies r»head if we are to exchange the functional — and often the ugly — for beauty in our environment, Tate said.
"There ic no agency more competent and experienced to initiate this education that the Cooperative Extension Service," Tate asserted. "It has the manpower, the know-how, the teamwork and the public acceptance to do the job."
People may have resigned themrolver. to a poor envi- ronment because they see no way out, Tate noted. But he em- phasised that there is a way out through organized community effort un3er the guidance of the extension council chairmen and representatives of other community agencies and organizations.
Tate suggested that Illinois' 102 counties be reduced to 21 with a minimum population of 150,000 each. This system closely follows a recommendation that 21 library districts be established in the state.
"Such new and enlarged counties would be big enough,
strong enough and wealthy enough to improve the environment and
to provide pleasant surroundings in both town and country, " he
added. _30_
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iRSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
1967 Cropland Adjustment Program Provides Increase In Payment Rate
URBANA — Illinois farmers may be interested in a change in the 1967 Cropland Adjustment Program that provides for an increased rate of payment for participation, reports Duane E, Erickson, University of Illinois extension economist in farm management.
Because payments will be based on past use and pro- ductivity of land, rates will vary by counties in the state. But, in total, payments will be determined by the number of acres and farm projected yield per acre. Rates for corn range from 49 cents to 52 cents a bushel for Illinois counties in 1967, Erickson says. The 1967 national average is 50 cents a bushel compared with 40 cents in 1966.
Corn, sorghum, cotton, peanuts and tobacco are eligible for the program on a flat rate basis. And in addition to includ- ing all acreage of one or more crops named, farmers may include other cropland. The payment rates for this cropland will aver- age $8 an acre nationally compared with about $5 an acre in 1966. Wheat, rice and barley are included in this group instead of having individual rates as in 1966.
The CAP aims to benefit farm and. nonfarm areas through shifting cropland into long-term conservation, recreational and open space use, Erickson points out. The 1967 program is geared to the changing needs for agricultural production by releasing land to public uses that conserve soil and water for the future. CAP contracts are for 5- to 10-year periods.
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All the land removed from production will be put to conservation uses, Erickson says. And cost-sharing will be provided for conservation practices. Emphasis will be on wild- life plantings and measures that preserve open space and enhance natural beauty. The program is designed to protect local communities by limiting the amount of land that can be put under the program.
In 1966, 36,000 agreements placed two million acres of U. S. cropland under the CAP.
Farmers who have questions about how the CAP applies
to their farms should talk with their local ASCS representatives,
Erickson says. Signup for the program will continue until
March 3, 1967.
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JAPr sm 12/13/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Omissions At Tax Time Can Be Costly Mistakes
URBANA — Beware of omissions at tax filing time — they can be costly, warns University of Illinois farm management specialist Fay M. Sims.
For example, if you spend $10 for an item that is a deductible operating expense and don't record it, it has actually cost you $12 or $13 if you are in the 20 to 30 percent tax bracket.
Keeping complete and accurate records is the best way to assure that you pay Uncle Sam only the tax dollars due him. To keep a record of small purchases, Sims recommends that you set up charge accounts at stores where you buy small repairs and supplies. The monthly bills will provide you with an itemized account.
Income omissions on tax forms can also be costly, Sims points out. Each year more tax records are being taped for automatic data processing in order to check them for ac- curacy. If the computer checks your returns and they are inac- curate, you will be required to pay on income that is omitted. And you will also owe interest on the omitted amount.
Sims says that county farm and home advisers offer
at small cost two record systems — the Illinois Family Account
Book and the Illinois Farm Record Book. Both books are prepared
by the U. of I. Cooperative Extension Service for use by any
interested person.
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JAPt sm 12/15/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
SHEEP DAY COVERAGE
Performance Selection Can Improve Sheep Flocks
URBANA — Sheep producers need to practice performance selection to improve their flocks, A. L. Pope, University of Wisconsin animal scientist, said here recently.
He told Illinois Sheep Day visitors that keeping production records on ewes and selecting rams by production performance could increase annual income by $3 to $5 per ewe. Using production records to select breeding stock is more impor- tant in intensive production systems, such as confinement opera- tions and accelerated lambing programs, than in normal, extensive systems, Pope said.
Sheep producers should develop a record system that assigns values for carcass traits, twin births, wool weight, lamb growth, longevity and other traits, Pope suggested.
He listed these "few chores" connected with perform- ance records:
— Identify each sheep with an ear tag.
— Record fleece weight.
— Record birth date, sex and dam of each lamb.
— Weigh each lamb once near a standard age.
"The major problem in improvement through breeding is the lack of field application of current knowledge, " Pope lamented. Sheep improvement has come in spite of this lack.
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Add Performance Selection - 2
He noted that livestock farmers have practiced "visual selection" for centuries. He said that ewes selected for produc- tion traits have produced more pounds of lamb than visually selected ewes in a recent Texas Experiment Station comparison. The Texas station found the same result for rams selected visually and by performance.
Farmers have emphasized ram selection because the sire is responsible for much of the hereditary gains. "The statement that the sire is half the flock is wrong, " said Pope, quoting a U. S. Department of Agriculture researcher. USDA work shows that 80 to 90 percent of the improvements in a trait like fleece weight comes from ram selection and only 10 to 20 percent comes from ewe selection.
Pope said rams are under more "selection pressure" than ewes because in most flocks only 3 percent of the male lambs, compared with 33 percent of the female lambs, are kept for breeding.
"A cheap ram can cost several hundred dollars over a two-year period in a 40-ewe flock," said Pope. "He can sire lambs that weigh 10 pounds less than they should at market time."
Such developments as measuring carcass merit in wean- ling lambs, freezing ram semen, artificial insemination and complete sychronization of heat periods are still in the future, said Pope. Performance selection is the most important means of flock improvement now.
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GAR:sm 12/15/66
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*EWS FROM AGRICULTURE
vJIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE SHEEP DAY COVERAGE
Sheep Numbers Decreasing In Midwest
URBANA--"Go west., young man" is still good advice for livestock producers, particularly sheepmen, if they want to stay in the business, quipped George R. Frelk of the Monier Sheep Co., Montgomery, here Friday.
He told Illinois Sheep Day visitors that sheep pro- duction is centering more in the west and less in the midwest. There are 30 to 40 percent fewer lambs than usual on feed in the midwest.
"Any significant increase in sheep numbers during the next two years will occur in the west, " Frelk said.
However, midwestern farmers are centralizing and intensifying livestock production. "The fences are down and the emphasis is on the machine shed instead of the livestock shed," Frelk noted. "I'd say I'm a pessimistic optimist about the sheep industry in the midwest."
He suggested that midwestern livestock farmers need to produce meat more efficiently, in "factories" if necessary, to compete with western producers.
Noting the low demand for breeding sheep, Frelk commented that the "sparkle and enthusiasm needed for the survival of any industry" have been lacking among sheepmen.
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Add Sheep Numbers Decreasing - 2
Frelk said "a fat lamb depression" last spring seri- ously hurt some sheepmen. Prices for market lambs normally increase from January to June, but last February the market slumped.
Market lamb prices were about the same in September of this year as in September 1965, but lamb feeders didn't have the benefit of favorable prices between February and June. Some farmers who had paid as much as 26 cents a pound for western feeder lambs have been selling them for 23 cents a pound, Frelk explained.
The USDA estimated 14 percent fewer lambs on feed for 1966 than for 1965 and a per capita increase of about one-third pound in lamb consumption, said Frelk. Increasing consumption and decreasing domestic production should mean favorable prices to farmers for lambs, but this situation has meant no such thing this year, he pointed out.
"What happened?" asked Frelk. These were his obser- vations: The price of wool has dropped from about 50 cents a pound last year to the present price of less than 38 cents a pound.
Meat packers are receiving $1.75 less for both lamb pelts and lamb meat-packing by-products.
Lamb imports have increased 55 percent and mutton imports have increased 262 percent since last year. Wool imports also are up 24 percent.
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Frelk also referred to a U. S. government contract requiring New Zealand to supply 10,000 carcasses a month to U, S. military forces in Viet Nam.
Meat and wool imports and the market for offal are
responsible for the present uncertainty in the midwesterm
lamb market, .he concluded.
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GARtsm 12/16/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Tax Laws Benefit People Over 65
URBANA — Although taxes are still inevitable, tax laws now leave more money for those over 65 years of age who are living on fixed or limited incomes.
University of Illinois farm management specialist Fay M. Sims points out these major provisions:
— The cost of medicines and drugs is now fully deductible. Before 1964, the cost was limited to one percent of the taxpayer's adjusted gross income. This change also applies to such expenses paid by a taxpayer for his or his spouse's dependent parents over 65 years.
— An additional $100 on the minimum standard deduction is allowed for taxpayers who are over 65 or blind.
— The special tax credit against dividends and other retirement incomes is now more liberal for retired couples filing jointly. If a man and his wife both reach 65 before December 31, the maximum income on which the credit may be based is $2,286 compared with $1,524. The credit was reduced from 20 percent to 17 percent of eligible income when the federal income tax was overhauled in 1964. In 1965 it was further reduced to 15 percent, the current figure.
— On the sale of a personal residence, part of the gain may be excluded if the sale price is more that $20,000. All gain may be excluded if the sale price is less than $20,000
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Sims cites this example: If a taxpayer sells his home for $24,000 at a $6,000 profit, $5,000 of this profit — achieved by using -r-j x $6,000 as a formula — would be subtracted from the adjusted gross income. Only $1,000 would then be taxed at capital gain rates. If the home were sold for $19,000 at a $6,000 profit, the entire $6,000 would be free.
But the taxpayer may benefit from this law only once
after he is 65. And the house that he sells must have been
his principal residence for at least five of the past eight
years, Sims explains.
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JAP:sm 12/16/66
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Illinois Swine Station Tests
Show Hog Improvements
URBANA — Illinois hog farmers are steadily improving hog quality and feeding efficiency. At least that's what test results from seven state swine testing stations indicate.
Recently completed records on 429 market hogs and 120 boars tested this spring showed these averages and trends:
Kogs are still gaining more on less feed. This year market hogs ate 308 pounds of feed per 100 pounds of gain. In 1964, the first year for station tests on market hogs, 322.5 pounds of feed produced 100 pounds of pork.
The boars averaged 275 pounds of feed per 100 pounds of gain. The figure for boars has decreased steadily from 336.8 pounds in 1955, the earliest year for which station that data are available.
In the 1966 tests, backfat thickness averaged 1.30 inches on market hogs compared with an average of 1.58 inches on littermates of test boars in 1955.
This year average backfat thickness on boars was 1.03 inches. The 1965 average was .98 inch, the lowest since 1955, when the average was 1.37 inches.
The average loin eye in the market hogs measured 4.71 square inches, reflecting a steady increase from the 1955 average of 3.80 square inches from test boars' littermates.
Average carcass length has varied little from this year's average 29.8 inches.
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Average figures on 278 carcasses showed 57.71 percent in four lean cuts.
Hogs on station tests showed the least improvement in average daily gains. In 1966 tests they averaged 1.65 pounds of gain daily. In 1964 the average daily gain was 1.71 pounds. Bears gained an average of 1.82 pounds daily, showing a slight upward trend.
The seven Illinois swine testing stations are coop- eratively owned by area hog farmers organized into producer associations. Cooperating farmers provide hogs for the tests. Extension swine specialists at the University of Illinois help pork producers plan the tests and summarize data.
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GAR: lm 12/16/66
JEWS FROM AGRICULTURE
IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE URBANA, ILLINOIS
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Cooperative Extension Service Completes Office Changes
URBANA--The University of Illinois Cooperative Exten- sion Service has just completed a series of office location and arrangement changes designed to emphasize extension's educa- tion function and to better service all who seek educational assistance from the University.
John B. Claar, director of the Cooperative Extension Service, says that another objective of changing the location, arrangement and identification of some county offices was to more clearly indicate the three-way relationship of the offices to the University, the USDA and local people. All counties in the state either have met the January 1 deadline for making the necessary office changes or have entered into contracts for space that will meet the new standards.
Extension offices are now in 46 public buildings, including post offices, courthouses, banks and business build- ings. Seven are in "Extension Centers" owned by extension associations or other non-profit organizations. And the Cooperative Extension Service occupies offices in 62 Farm Bureau office buildings that also house other tenants not affiliated with Farm Bureau.
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The office of the farm and home advisers is your local doorway to the University of Illinois, Claar points out. And the advisers are University staff members who, as specialists in agriculture and home economics, can help you solve problems related to these fields.
The office changes make these advisers more accessible
to you and the total community, Claar says. Check the new phone
book for the address and number of your county Cooperative
Extension Service.
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GMB: sm 12/20/66
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Pilot Group Of FBFM Cooperators To Use Redesigned 1967 Record Book
URBANA---In 1967 a pilot group of farmers will use a redesigned farm record book for Illinois FBFM cooperators, reports University of Illinois farm management specialist D. F. Wilken.
The new book allows farmers to allocate more of their nonfeed costs to specific production enterprises. And it will also make use of an electronic computer's ability to store and recall innumerable facts in summarizing farm records.
The plan is designed to use the combined abilities of the farmer, the farm management association fieldman and the computer in fulfilling farm bookkeeping, accounting and. sum- marizing tasks at the lowest possible cost.
Wilken notes that the decision to start the new system was made only after more than seven years of studying and observ- ing similar systems in other states. And he adds that U. of I. farm management specialists emphasize that, while computers aid record-keeping, they do not replace the farmer in analyzing a farm business.
In the past, farm record-keeping services using elec- tronic bookkeeping and a mail-in system have not been recom- mended because they have not provided any additional business analysis service and the cost has been three to 10 times as much per record as the present Illinois system. Wilken says that it takes time and careful planning to develop a system, with similar costs, that will be superior to the present one.
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Some of Illinois' 6,500 FBFM enrollees will have an
opportunity to try the new system during a two-year trial
period. In the meantime, farmers may enroll in the standard
Illinois FBFM Service and, at a reasonable fee, have the guidance
of a professionally trained fieldman in keeping accurate and
valid records. Any county farm adviser can furnish details on
how to enroll in the 1967 program, Wilken says.
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JAP:sm 12/20/66
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