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British Association

for the

Advancement of Science

GLASGOW 1901

In connection with the Meeting of the British Association in
Glasgow in 1901, the following volumes have been prepared by
the Local Committee :

FAUNA, FLORA, AND GEOLOGY OF THE CLYDE
AREA.

HANDBOOK OF LOCAL INDUSTRIES OF GLAS-
GOW AND THE WEST OF SCOTLAND.

HANDBOOK OF ARCHAEOLOGY, EDUCATION,
MEDICAL AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.

FAUNA, FLORA
GEOLOGY

of the Clyde Area

EDITED BY

G. F. SCOTT ELLIOT
MALCOLM LAURIE

AND

J. BARCLAY MURDOCH

Glasgow

Published by the Local Committee for the
Meeting of the British Association

1901

GLASGOW t PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CC.

PREFACE.

"WHEN twenty-five years ago the British Association met in Glasgow a Natural
History Handbook dealing with the Fauna, Flora, and Geology of the district
was issued to the members. Owing to various circumstances — the chief of
which were the paucity of workers and the short time available for the
work — the lists were far from covering the whole ground, and by no means
free from errors. It was felt by many Naturalists of the District that the
present meeting of the British Association afforded an opportunity for
repairing many of the errors and omissions of the former Handbook, and
for bringing to a focus the very large amount of work which has been done
of late years in the Clyde area. It is not to be supposed that the present
volume professes either to be a complete record or to be free from errors.
The size of the volume and the speed with which it had to be put through
the press render it certain that many errors have escaped correction, and a
cursory inspection of the contents will reveal that many groups are not
treated of, while others have only been studied during the last three years,
i.e. since the idea of this Handbook wTas first mooted. It is to be hoped that
the blanks will be as valuable for the future work in the district as the
comparatively complete lists, inasmuch as they will show local workers on
what groups they may most profitably concentrate their attention.

The Editors feel that this Handbook should not go out without an ex-
pression of ^indebtedness to all concerned in its production. This number
includes, in addition to the compilers, the great majority of the working
Naturalists of the district and many eminent scientific men throughout the
Kingdom, for each and all have freely placed the information in their
possession at the service of those responsible for the various sections of the
Handbook, and spared no pains to make the volume worthy of the meeting
for which it has been prepared.

While those who have worked for this volume directly and indirectly are
too numerous to thank individually, special mention of services done is due
in two cases. The first is the Secretary of the original Committee, the
Rev. G. A. Frank Knight, M.A., F.R.S.E., to whose enthusiasm and power
of organisation a great part of the success of the volume is due. The second
is the printers of the volume, Messrs. MacLehose, whose courtesy, care, and
promptitude in carrying through a very difficult piece of work under trying
circumstances none but the Editors can fully appreciate.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

BOTANY. By G. F. Scott Elliot, 1

HISTORY OF BOTANY IN GLASGOW. By F. O. Bower, F.R.S., 3
THE PHYTO-PLANKTON OF THE CLYDE SEA- AREA. By G. Murray,

F.R.S., and V. H. Blackman, 6

FRESHWATER ALGAE. Bv G. F. Scott* Elliot, - - - 8

«/ 7

MARINE ALGAE. By E. A. L. Batters, 16

DIATOMS. By T. Comber, - - 31

CHARACEAE. By P. Ewing, - 49

LICHENS. By G. F. Scott Elliot, 50

FUNGI (MICROSCOPIC). By D. A. Boyd, 61

HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETES. By William Stewart, 78

HEPATICAE. By P. Ewing, - 93

MOSSES. By J. Murray, 96

FERNS AND THEIR ALLIES. By W. Stewart, 106

PHANEROGAMS. By P. Ewing, F.L.S., 110
MEASUREMENTS OF NOTABLE TREES. By John Ren wick and

Richard M'Kay, 131

ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE CLYDE VALLEY. Bv Ebenezer Duncan, M.D., 149

»/ /

MAMMALIA. By Hugh Boyd Watt, - 155

BIRDS. By John Paterson, - 160

REPTILIA AND AMPHIBIA. By Alfred Brown, 171
THE MARINE AND FRESH-WATER FISHES. By Thomas Scott, F.L.S.,

and Alfred Brown, - 173

TUNICATA. By James Rankin, B.Sc., M.B., C.M., - 181

THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA. By Thomas Scott, F.L.S., 183
MARINE MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA. By Rev. G. A. Frank

Knight, M.A., M.C.S., F.R.S.E., 189

MARINE POLYZOA. By Alexander Gray, - - 209

31208

viii CONTENTS.

INSECTA — PAGE
ORDER HYMENOPTERA. SUB-ORDER TEREBRANTIA. By And.

Adie Dalglish, F.E.S., - - 215-

SUB-ORDER ACULEATA. By J. Russell Malloch, - 219
ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA. By And. Adie

Dalglish, F.E.S., - 223

MICROLEPIDOPTERA. By Prof. James J. F. X. King, F.E.S., 246
ORDER DIPTERA. (Except Tipulidae). By Percy H. Grimshaw,

F.E.S., - 258-

TIPULIDAE. By R. Henderson, - 267

ORDER COLEOPTERA. By Anderson Fergusson, - 272

ORDER TRICHOPTERA. By Prof. James J. F. X. King, F.E.S., 302
ORDER HEMIPTERA. Sub-Order Heteroptera. By John Edward

Murphy, 306

SUB-ORDER HOMOPTERA. By J. M. B. Taylor, - 310

•

ORDER ODONATA. By James J. F. X. King, F.E.S., 313

ORDER ORTHOPTERA. By James J. F. X. King, F.E.S., - 314
ORDER NEUROPTERA-PLANIPENNIA. By James J. F. X. King,

F.E.S., 315

ORDERS COLLEMBOLA AND THYSANUR!. By D. A. Boyd, 316

MYRIAPODA. By D. A. Boyd, 318

ARACHNIDA. By William Evans, F.R.S. E., - 319

LAND, FRESH-WATER AND MARINE CRUSTACEA. By Thomas

Scott, F.L.S., - 328

MARINE WORMS. By James F. Gemmil, M.A., M.D., 359

ECHINODERMATA. By George Bell Todd, M.B., C.M., 363

COELENTERA. Actinozoa. By Malcolm Laurie, B.A., D.Sc., 367

HYDROIDA. By James Rankin, B.Sc., M.B., 369

PORIFERA. By James Rankin, B.Sc., M.B., 372

PROTOZOA-
INFUSORIA. By J. R. Thomson, - 374
FORAMINIFERA. By Mrs. Robertson, - 376
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF THE CLYDE SEA-AREA. By Hugh Robert

Mill, D.Sc., LL.D., - - 385

THE GEOLOGY OF THE CLYDE TERRITORY. By John Home, F.R.S., 40

THE CRYSTALLINE SCHISTS OF THE HIGHLANDS. By Peter Macnair, 414
THE SILURIAN ROCKS IN THE SOUTH OF SCOTLAND. Bv B. N.

t/

Peach, F.R.S. ; J. Home, F.R.S. ; and A. Macconochie, - 423-

CONTENTS. ix

PAGE

THE TRILOBITES OF THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF SOUTHWEST SCOT-
LAND. By B. N. Peach, F.R.S., 445

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF SOUTHWEST SCOTLAND.

By B. N. Peach, F.R.S., 448

THE ARTHROPODA FROM THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF SOUTHWEST SCOT-
LAND. By B. N. Peach, F.R.S., 450

GRAPTOLITES. By Professor C. Lapworth, F.R.S., - 454

THE OLD RED SANDSTONE OF THE CLYDE AREA. By J. G. Good-
child, F.G.S. 461

THE CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

Bv John Smith, ----- - 465

•/

THE CARBONIFEROUS FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE CLYDE BASIN. By

Robert Kidston, F.R.S.E., F.G.S., 468

THE CARBONIFEROUS FORAMINIFERA OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE

AREA. By (the late) John Young, LL.D., F.G.S., 477

THE CARBONIFEROUS SPONGES OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA-.

By John Smith, - 479

THE CARBONIFEROUS CORALS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

By (the late) James Thomson, F.G.S., - 480

THE CARBONIFEROUS ANNELIDA OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

By (the late) John Young, LLD., F.G.S., 485

THE CARBONIFEROUS POLYZOA OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

By (the late) John Young, LL.D., F.G.S. , 486

THE CARBONIFEROUS OSTRACODA OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

By Prof. T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S., and (the late) James W.

Kirkby, - 488

THE CARBONIFEROUS BRACHIOPODA OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE

AREA.""" By James Neilson, 492

THE CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA OF TBE CLYDE DRAIN-
AGE AREA. By James Neilson, 496
CARBONIFEROUS CEPHALOPODA. By J. Neilson, 502
CARBONIFEROUS GASTEROPODA. By J. G. Goodchild, F.G.S., 505
THE CONODONTS OF THE CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF THE CLYDE

DRAINAGE AREA. By John Smith, 509

INCERTAE SEDIS. By John Smith, - 510

THE CARBONIFEROUS ECHINODERMATA OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE

AREA. By John Smith, 511

THE CARBONIFEROUS FISHES OF THE WEST OF SCOTLAND. By R.

H. Traquair, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., - - 512

x CONTENTS.

PAGE

THE AMPHIBIA OF THE CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF THE CLYDE

DRAINAGE AREA. By (the late) John Young, LL.D., - - 517

THE PERMIAN ROCKS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. By John

Smith, . 518

THE DRIFT OR GLACIAL FORMATION OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE

AREA. By John Smith, 520

THE POST-DRIFT FOSSILS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA AT

Low LEVELS. By John Smith, Thomas Scott, F.L.S., and

James Steel, 528

THE ROCKS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. By Joseph Sommer-

ville and G. R. Thompson, B.Sc., A.R.S.M., - - 546

THE MINERALS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. By Joseph Som-

merville and G. R. Thompson, B.Sc., A.R.S.M., 548

INDEX TO THE MINERALS, 554

LOCALITIES FOR OLD RED SANDSTONE AND CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS

IN THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. By John Smith, 557

CORRECTION. — P. 150, lines 15-22, Dr. Bryce's report should read: — "All the
skulls were dolicho-cephalic the highest index being 75 '2 the lowest 66 '6. They
possesed characters closely resembling those of the skulls found in the long Barrows
in England- -and two exactly realized the description of the Kumbecephalic skulls
first described by Sir Daniel "Wilson. In other respects the skeletons shewed
primitive characters especially in the case of the Tibiae which in the majority of
instances were platycnemic,

Thus in Neolithic times the inhabitants of the Clyde valley were of the same
primitive race as that which built the long Barrows in England, and were character-
ised by long heads and short stature. They had not begun to use bronze. They
still buried their dead in chambered cairns and were already skilful in the manufac-
ture of pottery."

FAUNA, FLORA, AND GEOLOGY
OF THE CLYDE AREA

BOTANY.

THE present Botanical handbook may be considered as a further develop-
ment of that published for the British Association in 1876. Even at the
earlier meetings in Glasgow, attempts were made by local botanists to give a
special and satisfactory account of the Flora. For the present work an
enormous amount of research has been required, and, as at previous meet-
ings, the British Association may be considered as responsible for what is
probably the most complete account of the Cryptogamic flora ever published
for any particular district in Britain. The material is in fact so great that
the introduction has been reduced to the very narrowest limits, and it is
only possible to give a very brief account of the methods employed by the
compilers, of past and present workers in the field, of the localities which
may be recommended to botanical visitors, and of typical plant associations.

Most systematic work in Britain has been upon the old Watsonian lines of
counties and vice-counties ; we have^ however, followed the method recom-
mended by Mr. C. B. Clarke in his classical paper published by the
Eoyal Society (Phil. Transactions, Vol. 183 (1892), B, pp. 371-387).
The district has been divided by the lines of latitude and longitude,
and the 30' minute lines also of latitude and longitude. At first many of us
had doubts upon the value of the system, but it has been found, as the
writer suspected, particularly convenient in practice. The method has many
advantages : thus it is exceedingly easy to map the distribution of a species,
as it is only necessary to draw lines at right angles and enter the records ; it
is not dependent on any theory as must be the case with a geological or
river system, yet it is extremely easy to compare the rough map of any
species' distribution with geological or physical maps ; there is also the
immense advantage of economising space. One line of print will give an
entire series of records in a manner easily followed by the reader. The lines
are also as permanent and immutable as any lines upon the earth's surface
can be, and lend themselves readily to sub-division or collation.

From an oecological point of view, the Flora of the Clyde may be con-
sidered as fairly representative of the whole of Scotland. It consists of four
main divisions or formations, each with their special rock, loch, stream, and
other plant associations, and there is also a very typical seaside flora.

The summits of Ben Lomond, Ben Oss, and the Cobbler possess most of
the distinctive Scotch Alpines, such as Oxyria, Gnaphalium supinum, the
Gyrophoras, and such mosses as the Andreaeas.

The lower slopes of these mountains and such places as Argyll's Bowling-
Green, Tinto moors, and the hills about Dalmellington, are good examples of
the Scotch Grousemoors. They differ from similar formations in the Alps
and Pyrenees very considerably, at least so far as the writer's own observa-
tions are concerned.

2 OECOLOGY.

Below these moors, which are not cultivated and abandoned to the black-
faced sheep, grouse, and black game, there appears to be two distinct
formations which are, in practice, very difficult to distinguish from one
another. The one, originally dominated by Pinus sylvestris, probably
occupied a great many of the valleys and lower hills in both the extreme
North and extreme South of the area. Unfortunately the Old Caledonian
forest has long since vanished, though it is said to persist in the birch and
Pinus sylvestris forests at Auchnacarry and the Black Wood of Rannoch.
No observations of its limits in altitude or distribution have apparently been
made in our district. In the North the writer believes that these verv

c/

nearly coincided with the "Highland Line " or Roman Wall. There were also,
doubtless at some time, Coniferous forests on the Dalmellington hills, and
probably also on the Mistylaw and Tinto ranges, but no exact work has been
done upon this subject, and the fact that the alpine flora, and no doubt also
the Pinewoods, migrated at least once southwards and northwards over the
British Isles, renders the problem an exceedingly difficult one to solve.

The last formation, that of the oak, can be traced to a certain extent, from
historical documents. In Berghaus' Physikal Atlas, Nos. 47 and 48, the range
of this tree is given as extending much farther North than is here susfsrested,

c? ^j ^j ^j

but although the oak may flourish in favoured situations as far, or even
farther North than is there represented, it is scarcely possible that it could
form the dominant vegetation of the country beyond the Highland line.
Practically all woods are artificial in the West of Scotland, and cultivation
occupies a very large proportion of the whole area.

Everyone of these four dominant formations is interrupted by all sorts of
rock, water, peat, and other associations. There is not space even to
enumerate the whole of these modified floras, but the following list of
typical localities may perhaps be useful to strangers visiting Glasgow with
oecological views. Of the seaside vegetations, which are particularly well
developed, the following are amongst the best localities :

(1) The sand-dunes at Monkton Links and thence to Ardrossan.

(2) Zostera meadows (Enaliden Vereins-Klasse) at Hunterston Point.

(3) Marine Algae (Nereiden, etc.), at Millport, Cumbrae (this is also one of
the best places for flowering plants).

(4) Estuarine swamps and muddy foreshore from Dumbarton to Bowling,
or at Langbank.

(5) Freshwater lochs and marshes abound in the neighbourhood of
Glasgow. Perhaps St. Germains pond at Bearsden, and Possil Marsh
(walking to Lambhill from Possilpark station) are amongst the best
examples of " Rohrsumpfe " and " Sumpfemoore." Lochwinnoch valley and
the plain about Renfrew have been so well drained that only an occa-
sional willow tree or unhappy-looking Phragmites are left to show the
character of the former flora.

(6) Deciduous woods are perhaps best developed at the classical locality of
the Falls of Clyde (the best walk is from Tillietudlem to Lanark).

(7) The ascent of Ben Lomond from Rowardennan, or of the Cobbler from
Arrochar, will give a good idea of the Scotch moors and of the Alpine flora.

(8) Calder Glen at Lochwinnoch may be visited as an example of a
particular sort of lynn or mountain ravine which is difficult to place in any
of Warming's categories.

(9) The Peat mosses or Sphagnummoore are not very interesting in the
Glasgow district. Linwood moss or Garngad is perhaps one of the best.

(10) The blaes and blackband heaps (e.g. at Anniesland Toll, Great
Western Road) are of great interest as they possess an artificial flora quite
distinct from the natural vegetation surrounding it.

The map at the beginning of the handbook is divided by latitude and
longitude lines ; as explained above, each divison has its capital letter, A, B,

HISTORY OF BOTANY. 3

O, etc., the capital letters following each species' name show that the plant
occurs in that division. Localities and altitudes are mentioned in most cases.
(See Introductions to Separate Lists.)

My greatest pleasure in this work has been to publish at any rate part of
the records derived from the enormous collections left by the late Koger
Kennedy . These include valuable herbaria and microscopic slides of diatoms,
algae of all kinds, lichens, and indeed every division of the vegetable
kingdom. I must also heartily thank Professor B. G. Cormack, M.A., B.Sc.,
for his invaluable co-operation and assistance.

G. F. SCOTT ELLIOT.

HISTORY OF BOTANY IN GLASGOW.

There is little evidence of interest in, or pursuit of, the Science of Botany
in Glasgow prior to the end of the 18th century, It is true Botany was
taught in the old College by the Professor of Anatomy ; but it was only at
the period of rebound, after the long French wars, that the Science was
taken up in earnest. Then, however, rapid advances were made, so that for
a time Glasgow held a prominent position as a botanical centre.

The first Botanic Garden in Glasgow was in the precincts of the old
College, in the High Street, where a piece of ground was set apart for the
cultivation of plants for teaching ; but 110 detailed account of it, or of its
contents remains. We have, however, a record of early botanical activity in
the Flora Glottiana (1813) of Mr. Hopkirk, who also conceived the idea of
the first public Botanic Garden, and stocked it with his own collection. In
April, 1817, the first meeting took place, at the instance of Mr. Hopkirk,
which started the movement for founding the " Royal Botanic Institution "
of Glasgow. Contributions from the Crown and the University, together
with subscriptions, sufficed for the acquirement and laying out of some
six and a-half acres of ground at Sandyford, then on the outskirts of the city.
A Royal Charter was obtained in 1818. Dr. Robert Graham, the first
occupant of the Regius Chair, endowed in 1818, also took an active part in the
initial movement, and gave several courses of lectures in the new garden, but
iu 1821 he was succeeded by Sir William Hooker, a man whose name will be
ever memorable in the annals of Botany, and one to whom the Glasgow
garden was especially indebted for a great measure of its early success as
a scientific institution. Partly as a result of his influence and initiative, and
greatly no doubt owing to the zeal with which the movement was supported
by individual citizens, and to the position of Glasgow as a great commercial
centre, contributions began to come in from every quarter of the globe.
Taking the number of species represented as a measure, the growth of the
living collections was rapid beyond precedent. In 1821 the number of
species living in the garden was about 9,000 ; in 1825 it is quoted at 12,000,
while the increase in number from that period onwards was commonly 300
to 500 per annum. Of these a large number were new species, not previously
described or figured : this work Hooker carried out, and the publication of
his results widened still further the desire on the part of other gardens
to effect exchanges with this, so that in 1828, after the garden had been but
ten years in existence, the Glasgow Institution found itself not a mere
beginner, living upon the scientific charity of the older establishments, but
corresponding as an equal with 12 British and Irish, 21 European, and 5
Tropical gardens, while the number of private gardens in correspondence
with it was upwards of 300. The estimated market value of the plants
in that year was £7,500, but a more correct estimate of their scientific value

4 HISTORY OF BOTANY.

is provided for us in the list published in pamphlet form by Sir W. Hooker
in 1825, in which a plan of the old garden is to be found. The years 1825 to
1840 were in fact the most notable period in the history of the Glasgow
garden as a scientific institution compared with its contemporaries. It is
noted in the minute books that at this time "scientific visitors to the garden
almost invariably expressed the opinion that the garden would not suffer by
comparison with any similar establishment in Europe " : it is to be remarked
that this period coincides with the presence in Glasgow of the strongest
occupant the Chair of Botany in the University has had, and it amply illus-
trates how great may be the personal influence of one individual upon the
success of a public institution. It can hardly have come as a surprise to
those who had witnessed his work here, that when a Director had to be
appointed to the Royal Gardens at Kew, Sir William Hooker was offered,
and accepted the post. In 1841 he left Glasgow, taking with him his private
herbarium, library, and museum.

But before this event, owing to the extension of the town westwards, the
garden was rapidly becoming engulfed in streets and houses, and was no
longer a fit place for growing plants : it was found impossible to rear
Coniferous trees, and many other plants were not grown with the same
success as before ; accordingly steps had already been taken to remove the
garden from its position at Sandyford : the old ground having been advan-
tageously sold, a new and more extensive site was selected further westwards,
and the present garden was planned and laid out : from the point of view of
scenery the choice was probably the best, but the cold unsympathetic clay
soil, and exposed situation have ever since been a bar to the complete success
of out-door gardening. This combined with the impurity of the atmosphere
have made, and must always make the cultivation under glass a more

•J O

prominent feature of the garden than out-door effects. Botanically speaking,
the years 1842 to 1882 seem to have been monotonous, as compared with the
more brilliant early years. As a centre of exchange and distribution of
novelties the garden fell off, and the energies of the Institution appear to
have been devoted to attempts to meet financial stress by means outside the
first objects with which the garden was founded. In 1882 the main range
of houses was rebuilt on an improved plan, and the collections largely
increased ; but as the money was borrowed, this only led to greater
financial difficulties, which were finally overcome by the garden being
taken over by the municipality, and it has since been under the control
of the Town Council. The Professor of Botany in the University has a
titular connection with it, but has now no direct hand in the management.

The teaching of Botany in the University, which in the earlier days
was conducted in the garden, has in later years been necessarily removed
elsewhere : it is useless to regret the severance, which was a consequence on
the one hand of increase in the number of students, and on the other of the
municipal ownership of the garden. There was a lecture room in the old
garden at Sandyford where Dr. Graham, Sir Wm. Hooker, and Prof. J. H.
Balfour were heard. In the present garden also a lecture room was built, and
used at times by successive Professors up to 1887 ; but it is now divided into
dwelling rooms for the gardeners. For many years the University teaching
has been carried on at Gilmorehill, and is aided by supplies of specimens
from the Botanic garden, still continued under the Act for extension of the
City Boundaries. In the present year a large range of rooms at the
University, adapted to the modern requirements of the science, has been
completed : this will provide suitable rooms for teaching and research, and
allow of the proper arrangement of an extensive Museum and Herbarium.
It is hoped that this building may become a centre of Botanical interest
and reference, and materially help in the advancement of Botany in the
West of Scotland.

HISTORY OF BOTANY. 5

Teaching had also been carried on from an early date at the Mechanics'
Institute, or the Andersonian University, and other Institutions which have
been incorporated into the present Technical College. The most notable
teacher in these was Roger Kennedy, well known as the author of the
'Clydesdale Flora," of which a new edition was edited by one of his
successors, Prof. Thomas King. Kennedy lectured from 1849 till his death
in 1876. He was essentially an inspiring teacher, and much of the recent
excellent field work of the district has been carried out by his pupils and
successors. Its quality may be gauged by the lists contained in this volume,
There is at present a scheme for New Buildings on an extensive scale for the
Technical College, and doubtless suitable provision will be made in them for
Botanical purposes.

Of local societies, the Natural History Society of Glasgow and the
Andersonian Society are the most active, both as regards meetings
and publications ; the lists in this volume, Zoological and Botanical,
are largely the work of their members. It is to be regretted that
the Biological section of the Philosophical Society is at present in abey-
ance ; if reorganised, it should serve the purpose of concentrating the
best Biological work of the district. But even without this, it is believed
that the output of Botanical work in Glasgow, whether in the field or in the
laboratory, will be found to be creditable by those who care to look into it.
It must be confessed that the palmy days of Botany in Glasgow were {hose
of Sir William Hooker. Nevertheless the material facilities are as great
now as ever they were ; intercommunication is easier ; the population is
more numerous, and more wealthy. There seems therefore no reason why a
high distinction in Botanical work should not be maintained in Glasgow at
the present day also.

F. O. BOWER, F. R. S.

PLANKTON.

THE PHYTO-PLANKTON OF THE CLYDE SEA-AREA.

THE observations on this subject have been only few in number, and
practically the whole of our knowledge is contained in the Report of Observa-
tion on Plant Plankton by George Murray, F.R.S., in the Fifteenth Annual
Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 1897. There is still much work to
be done before we shall have a thorough knowledge of the minute free-float-
ing vegetation of this area.

The most striking character of this plankton, as of that of many other
marine areas, is the great seasonal changes which occur, and the regular yearly
alternation of Diatoms and Peridinieae. During the early months of the year
the Diatoms are extraordinarily abundant in this district and in all the
surrounding coastal waters. They continue in enormous numbers for some
time and then, towards the end of March, or beginning of April, they begin
to diminish in number ; they appear to decrease steadily for some time and
then their number remains about constant till the next yearly increase.

The Peridinieae, on the other hand, are very few while the Diatoms are in
the ascendant, but as the Diatoms fall off in number they begin to increase,
reaching their maximum about August and lingering on till December, as
described in Mr. Murray's paper quoted above.

During the most active period of diatom life the predominant form in the
Clyde Sea-Area is certainly Skeletonema costatum. This form exists in such
enormous quantities at the surface that Mr. Murray describes how a bow-
net may, in a few minutes, be one- third filled with a sediment consisting
principally of this species. In the layer beneath, at this time of year, species
of Coscinodiscus, Biddulphia, Ditylum, Rhizosolenia, etc., abound, reaching
their maximum at about 5 fathoms and extending down to 25 fathoms.

The Peridinieae of the later months show a much smaller variety of forms ;
those most frequently met with are species of Ceratium, namely : C. tripos,
fusus, and /Mm*, of which the first named seems to be most common in the
Clyde Sea-Area. The genus Peridinium is also represented by certain forms,
but the species have not yet been exactly determined.

In the summer, when the Peridinieae take the first place as far as actual
quantity is concerned, the Diatoms, though much less in total amount than
in the earlier months, show a considerable increase in the number of forms ;
of which various species of Chaetoceros are the most noticeable. In late
months, such as December, Coscinodiscus concinnus seems to be the most
abundant form, and after it come Skeletonema costatum, Biddulphia
mobiliensis, Chaetoceros decipiens, roughly in order of abundance, while
Ceratium tripos and C. fusus are fairly plentiful.

At all seasons of the year, especially near the shore and at the top of lochs
and generally at the surface after heavy rain, a number of the Diatoms met
with either possess only disorganised contents, or are mere skeletons.
This is found particularly in the common species Skeletonema costatum, and is
also especially noticeable in large forms like Coscinodiscus concinnus and
Biddulphia mobiliensis, but it also occurs frequently in the case of many
other Diatoms. This phenomenon is doubtless due to a decrease in the
salinity brought about by the influx of fresh water through streams or by
heavy rain, which produces a lighter fresh water layer at the surface.

Of forms other than the Diatoms and Peridinieae there is very little
knowledge ; small floating green algal cells, probably simple members of the
Chlorophyceae, are fairly often met with, and present a quite un worked field.

A list, drawn up by Professor Cleve, is appended showing the forms met
with in hauls from nine stations on the West Coast. The species obtained
are very generally the same as those found in the Clyde Sea-Area.

PLANKTON. 7

EDITOR'S NOTE.

It has been judged best to include the following list, as it gives the best account
available of the marine plankton of the West of Scotland. Unfortunately,
the localities given are almost all beyond the area under consideration. Never-
theless, the marine free-floating vegetation is not likely to differ greatly in its
character in the area from the Mull of Kintyre to the head of Loch Ryan.

.

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Bacteriastrum varians, Laud.,

xr

x r

Cerataulina Bergonii, Per.,

r

rr

r

Chaetoceros borealis, Bail.,

r

+

r

C. commutatus, CL,

+

r

r

+

+

C. constrictus, Gran.,

r

C. contortus, Schutt.,

+

+

+

+

C. criophilus, Cast.,

r

C. curvisetus, CL, -

CC

cc

cc

cc

cc

r

c

CC

C. debilis, CL,

+

c

+

+

4.

C. decipiens, CL,

+

c

+

+

+

-L

c

+

C. didymus, Ehr., -

C

r

+

+

c

+

r

r

4.

C. diadema, Gran., -

.r

+

r

C. septentrionalis, Oestr.,

r

r

C. scolopendra, CL, -

x r

Coscinodiscus concinnus, W. Sm., -

r

r

r

r

r

r

C. excentricus, Ehr.,

r

r

r

C. radiatus, Ehr. ,

r

r

r

r

Ditylum Brightwellii, Grun., -

r

r

r

Eucampia zodiacus, Ehr.,

c

r

+

+

+

c

4.

E. groenlandica, CL,

r

Fragilaria striatula, Grev. ,

r

Guinardia flaccida, Per. , - r

r

r

r

r

r

r

Lauderia annulata, CL , -

rr

Leptocylindrus danicus, CL, -

r

r

r

r

Navicula membranacea, CL , -

r

Rhizosolenia setigera, Brightw.,

r

rr

+

+

R. Shrubsolii, CL, -

+

r

+

+

+

+

4-

+

4.

R. Stolterfothii, Per.,

rr

+

r

R. pungens, CL,

4-

+

r

+

+

Roperia tessellata, Grun.,

r

r

Skeletonema costatum, CL ,

cc

Stephanopyxis Turris, Rolfs., -

+

r

+

r

c

c

+

+

4-

Thalassiosira Nordenskioldii, CL, -

rr

r

T. gravida, CL,

rr

Thalassiothrix longissima, CL et Grun.,

rr

G. MURRAY, F.R.S., and V. H. BLACKMAN.

x = dead fragments. rr= very rare, cc = very common. • r = rare.

c — common. + =not rare.

FRESHWATER ALGAE.

THE following list was originally entrusted to Mr. S. M. Wellwood, but
unfortunately he was obliged to resign his position owing to continued ill-
health ; he has, however, with great kindness favoured me with a full list of
his discoveries which are included under his name. On his resignation, Mr.
J. M. B. Taylor and Mr. J. Paterson undertook the labours of compiling and
collecting, and I have myself with their assistance, and that of Mr. J. A.
Terras, collected and prepared the records from every source known to me.
"We have had the inestimable advantage of the assistance of Messrs. W. & G.
S. West. They have undertaken and completed the enormous labour of
verifying the large collections made by the late Professor Kennedy (now
at the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College). They have also
most kindly inspected and named a very large number of fresh specimens
sent to them from time to time. A sign ! means that the specimen so
marked has been verified by Messrs. West. With regard to all other
records, the responsibility for the occurrence of the species rests up<>n the
botanist whose initials follow after the locality.

G. F. SCOTT ELLIOT.

INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS.

E. M. H. =E. M. Holmes, F.L.S., Ruthven, Sevenoaks.

H. =The Hennedy Herbarium in Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical

College, also slides prepared by the late Professor R. Hennedy.
W. & G.S. W.= Messrs. W. & G. S. West, F.L.S., Referees for the group of

Freshwater Algae.

S. M. W. = S. M. Wellwood, Esq., National Bank, Johnstone.
Hooker = Wm. Hooker, " Flora Scotica," etc.
J. M. B. T.= J. M. B. Taylor, Esq., Museum, Paisley.
D. A. B. = D. A. Boyd, Esq., West Kilbride.
S. E.=G. F. Scott Elliot, M.A., B.Sc., F.L.S., Scotstounhill.
J. P. =J. Paterson, Esq., 58 Glasgow Road, Rutherglen.
Bal. Exc. =The late Professor Balfour in MS. book of Excursions (Edinburgh

University).
Dr. L. =Rev. Dr. Laudsborough, D.D. MSS. supplied by his son, the Rev.

Dr. Landsborough, D.D., of Kilmarnock.
W. A. = Walter Arnott, Herbarium in Glasgow University.
Major M. = Major Martin. See Hassal, " Freshwater Algae."
R. D. W. = R. D. Wilkie, Esq., Glasgow.

J. A.T.=J. A. Terras, M.A., B.Sc., 3 Teviot Row, Edinburgh.
Roy = Roy and Bissett, Ann. Nat. Hist., vols. 3, 4, and 5.
Hop. = Hopkirk, " Flora," vide Hooker, I. c.
T. K.=The late Professor T. King, Glasgow.

FRESHWATER ALGAE. 9

Chantransia chalybea, Lyngb. — F, Cumbrae, E. M. H. ; Saltcoats, H.,

W. & G. S. W. !

C. violacea, Kutz.—F, Gleniffer, S. M. W.
Lemanea fluviatilis, Ag. — FGH, Milngavie, Hooker; Port-Glasgow,

J. M. B. T. ; Largs, D. A. B. ; Lamington, S. M. W.
L. tomlosa, Roth. — F, Greenburn, J. M. B. T.

Batrachospennum moniliforme, Roth. — E F G, Rothesay, S. M. W. ;
Bearsden, S. E. ; Beith, J. P. : both W. & G. S. W. ! Cumbrae, H.,
W. & G. S. W. ! from 100—1000 !
var.. stagnalis. F, Cumbrae, S. M. W.

var. pulcherrimum. F G, Mistylaw, J. M. B. T. ; Fossil, H., W. & G. S. W. !
var. confusuni. F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
var. proliferum ? F, Gourock, H., W. & G. S. W. !

B. vagum, Rotk.—EF, Arran, Bal. Exc. & H., W. & G. S. W. ! Gourock,
H., W. & G. S. W. !

B. atrum, Cooke.— FG, Fossil, H., W. & G. S. W. ! Stevenston, Dr. L.
var. setaceum. G, Fossil, H., W. & G. S. W. !

Coleochaete scutata, Breb. — F G, Cumbrae, Hogganfield, H., W. & G. S. W. !

C. orbicularis, Prmgsh. — F, Elderslie, S. M. W.

Bulbochaete setigera, Ag. — B F G, Beinn Buidhe, J. P. ; Cumbrae, Possil,
H., all W. & G. S. W. !

B. Nordstetii, Wittr.—Y, Cumbrae, W. A., W. & G. S. W. !

Oedogonium Landsboroughli, Kutz. — F, Stevenston, Dr. L. ; Cumbrae, H.
W. & G. S. W. !

O. crispum, ffass. — F, Ardrossan, Major M.

0. yesicatum, Lyngb. — G, Dalbeth, Hooker.

Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum, Kutz. var. riparium. F, Cumbrae, H.,
W.&G. S. W.!

Vaucheria sessilis, D. C.— FG, Cumbrae, S. M. W.; Clarkston, J. P., both
W. &G. S. W.!

Botrydium granulatum, L. — Hangingshaw, R. D. W.

Prasiola crispa, Ag.—FG, Cumbrae, S. M. W.; Hangingshaw, R. D. W.;
Glasgow, H., W. &. G. S. W. !

P. calophylla, Spreng.—T G, Houston, S. M. W. ; Thomliebank, H., W. &
G. S. W. !

Hormidium parietinum, Kutz.—G, Clarkston, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !

H. murale (Lyngb.), Kutz.—YG, Castlecary, Bridgeton, W. A. ; Cumbrae,
H., W. & G. S. W. !

Hormiscia subtilis, De Toni.—G, Dalmuir, J. P. & W. W. !

var. variabifis. F G, Beith, J. P. ; Cumbrae, H., both W. & G. S. W. !
var. tenerriua. B F, South Barr, J. M. B. T. ; Balloch, J. P., W. &
G. S. W. !

H. aequalis, Rabenh. var. cataeniformis. B F, Gleniffer, J. M. B. T. ; Ben
Lomond, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !

H. bicolor, Cooke. — F G, Largs, Cumbrae, Canal Glasgow, H., W. & G. S. W. !

H. moniliformis, Rabenh.— ¥ G, Beith, S. E. ; Harelaw, J. M. B. T.

H. zonata, Aresch.—Y G, Crosbie, S.M.W. ; Kilnialcolm, J. M. B. T. ; Bowl-
ing, Clarkston, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !

H. tennis, Kutz.—B F G, Milngavie, S. M. W.; Fereneze, J. M. B. T. ; Bal-
loch, Clarkston, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !

H. speciosa, Cooke. — F, Cumbrae, S. M. W.

Allogonium ramosum (Thur.) ffansg.—E, Arran, H., W. &G. S. W. !

Trentepohlia aurea, L.— B F G, Loch Lomond, S. E., J. A. T. ; Cumbrae,
W.A. ; Houston, S.M.W.

Herposteiron repens, Wittr.—G, St. Germains, S. E., W.&G. S. W. !

Nordstedtia globosa, Borzi.—F, Cumbrae, W. A., W. & G. S. W. !

Chaetophora pisiformis, Ag.—G, Possil, S. E., W. & G. S. W. !

10 FRESHWATER ALGAE.

0. Cornu Damae, Ag.— G, Fossil, H., W. &G. S. W. ! G, Carmmmock, J. P.,

W. & G. S. W. ! '
C. elegans, Roth.—? G, Milngavie, S. M. W. ; Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !

C. tuberculosa, Ag. — G, Frankfield Clyde Ironworks, Hooker.
Draparnaudia glomerata, Ag.— F G, Gourock ; Fossil, H., W. & G. S. W. !

D. plumosa, Vauch. — F G, Inverkip, J. P., W. & G. S. W. ; Cumbrae, Glas-

gow, H., W. &G. S.W.!
Stigeoclonium tenue, Ag. — F G, Fereneze, J. M. B. T. ; Bardowie, S. M. W. :

Ardrossan, Major M.
S. nanum, Dillw. — FG, Glasgow Canal, H., W. & G. S. W.; Stevenston, Dr.

L. ; Black Loch, J. M. B. T.
S. thermale, Braun. — F, Saltcoats, Dr. L.
Conferva bombycina, Ag. — F G, Cumbrae, S. M. W. ; Paisley, Clarkston,

J. P., W. & G. S. W. ! Largs, H., W. & G. S. W. !
C. tenerrima. Cooke.— F, Beith, S. E., S. M. W.
C. fontinalis, Berk. — F, Cumbrae, S. M. W.

Microspora fugacissima, Cooke. — B, Ben Lomond. J. P., & W. & G. S. W. :
M. vulgaris, Cooke.— G, Clarkston, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
Cladophora crispata, Kutz.—G, St. Germains, S. E., W. & G. S. W. !
C. glomerata, Kutz.—G, Cathcart, H., W. & G. S. W. ! J. A. T.
C. flavescens, Ag. — F, Cumbrae, S. M. W.
C. fracta, Dillw. — F, Hanginshaw, R. D. W. ; Inverkip, J. M. B. T.

C. canalicularis, Roth.—F, Milton, J. M. B. T.
Mougeotia genuflexa, Ag. — F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !

M. nummuloides, ffass.— F, Cumbrae, S. M. W., H., W. & G. S. W. !
Debarya glyptosperma, Wittr. — F, Fereneze, J. M. B. T.

D. laevis, West & G. S. West.—F, Fereneze common, J. M. B. T.
D. scalaris, ffass.— F, Beith, J. P., W. &G. S. W. !

D. gracillimum (ffass.) West. — F, Cumbrae, S. M. W.

Spirogyra crassa, Kutz. — G, Harelaw, J. M. B. T.

S. jugalis, Dillw. — F, Lochwinnoch, J. M. B. T.

S. porticalis, Vauch. — F, Inverkip, J. M. B. T.

Spirogyra tenuissima, Kutz. — F, Saltcoats, Maj. M.
var. inflata. F, Stevenson, Maj. M.

S. flavescens, ffass.— F, Loch Thorn, J. M. B. T.

S. gracilis, KUtz.—F, Cumbrae, H., W. &G. S. W. !

S. calospora, Cleve.— F G, Bearsden, J. P. & W. W. ! Cumbrae, S. M. W.

S. condensata, Vauch. — FG, Ardrossan, Maj. M., Dr. L. ; Black Lochr
J. M. B. T.

S. maxima, Wittr. — F G, Ardrossan, Maj. M. ; Harelaw, J. M. B. T.

S. longata, Vauch.— F G, Cumbrae, Bardowie, S. M. W. & J. M. B. T.
var. commune. F, Saltcoats, Maj. M.

S. Weberi, Kutz.—F, Stevenson, Maj. M., & Dr. L.

var. subventricosum. FG, Saltcoats, Maj. M. ; Possil, W.A.

Zygnema ericetorum, Hansg. — F, Gourock, H., W. & G. S. W. ! Misty-
law, J. M. B. T.

Z. stellinum, Vauch. — var. Vaucheriae. F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. I
Durrochstone Dam, J. M. B. T.

Gonatozygon Ralfsii, De Bary.—¥, Cumbrae, W. A., W. &G. S. W. !

Mesotaenium Endlicherianum, Nag. — F, Renfrew, Roy.

M. chlamydosporum, De Bary.—E, Goatfell, W. A., W. & G. S. W. !

M. macrocpccum, Kirchn. — F, Renfrew, Roy.

var. micrococcum. F G, Gourock, Bardowie, H., W. & G. S. W. !

M. De Greyii, W. B. Turn.—E, Kyles Bute, Roy.

M. mirificum, Arch.— E, Goatfell, H., W. & G. S! W. !

Cylindrocystis Brebissonii, Menegh. — B F, Ben Lomond, J. P. & W. W. I
Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !

FRESHWATER ALGAE. 11

C. crassa, De Bary.—E, Arraii, H., W. &G. S. W. !

Penium margaritaceum, Breb. — E, Arran, Roy.

P. navicula, Breb. — BE, Arran, Roy ; Ben Lomond, J. P. & W. W. !

P. oblongum, De Bary. — E, Arran, Roy.

P. polymorphum, Pertz. — E, Arran, Roy.

P. truncatum, Breb. — E, Arran, Roy.

P. spirostriolatum, Barker. — F, Dumbarton, Roy.

P. libellula, Nordst. — var. intermedium. E, Arran, Roy.

P. Ralfsii, De Bary. — E, Arran, Roy.

P. spinospermium, Josh. — F, Renfrew, Roy.

P. crassiusculum, De Bary. — E, Kyles, Bute, Roy,

P. cruciferum, Wittr.—G, Clarkston, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !

P. cucurbitinum, Bissett.— EFG, Bute, Clarkston, J. P., W. & G. S W. !

Greenock, Roy.

f. minor. E, Tighnabruaigh, H., W. & G. S. W. !
P. digitus, Breb.—F, Gourock, H., W. & G. S. W. !
P. lamellosum, Breb. — E, Arran, Roy.
P. curtum, Ere'b.—G, Anniesland, H., W. &G. S. W. !
Closterium abruptum, West. — Forma brevior ; G, Paisley, J. M. B. T.,

W.&G. S. W. !

C- acerosum, Ehrenb.—F G, Beith, J. P. & W. W. ! Glasgow, W. A & Hop.
C. Ehrenbergii, Afenegh. — F, Saltcoats, W. A.
C. Leibleinii, Kutz.—E, Arran, Roy.
C. pseudodianae, Roy. — Kingshouse, Roy.
C. Venus, Kutz. — E F, Bute, Dumbarton, Roy.
C. Jenneri, Rolfs. — E, Arran, Roy.
C. Cynthia, De Not. — F, Dumbarton, Roy.
C. Archerianum, Cleve. — Kingshouse, Roy.
C. regulare, Breb.— Kingshouse, Roy.

C. intermedium, Rolfs. — E F, Arran, Dumbarton, Renfrew, Roy.
C. directum, Arch.—E, Arran, Roy.
C. angustatum, Kutz. — F, Renfrew, Roy.
C. Ralfsii, Breb. — Kingshouse, Roy.
C. setaceum, Ehrenb. — Kingshouse, Roy.
C. incurvum, Breb. — F, Dumbarton, R<>y.
C. acutum, Breb.—F, Cumbrae, W. A., H., W. & G. S. W. !
C. striolatum, Ehr.—F, Gourock, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Pleurotaenium nobile, Richter. — Kingshouse, Roy.
P. clavatum, De Bary. — F, Gourock, H. Herb.
P, truncatum, De Bary. — var. granulatum ; B F G, Ben Laoigh, W. W. !

Dalmuir, J. P. & W. W. ! Gourock, H., W. & G. S W. !

P. trabecula, Ehrenb.- E F, Arran, W. W. ! Cumbrae, W. A., W. & G. S. W. !
Tetmemorus, granulatus, Ralfs. — B, Ben Lomond, J. P. & W. W. ! Gourock,

H., W. & G. S. W. !

T. Brebissonii, ' Ralfs.— B, Ben Lomond, J. P., W.&G.S. W. !
Euastrum oblongum, Ralfs. — (*, Clarkston, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
E. ventricosum, Lund.—^, Arran, Roy.
E. ampullaceum, Ralfs. — E, Arran, Roy.
E. insigne, Hass.— E, Arran, Roy.

E. didelta, Ralfs.— B, Beinn-an-Lochain, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
E. cuneatum, Jenner. — B E, Ben Lomond, J. P., W. & G. S. W. ! Arran, Roy.
E. inerme, Lund. — E, Arran, Roy.
E. erosum, Lund. — E, Arran Roy.

E. binale, Ralfs.— B, Ben Lomond, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
E. lobulatum, Breb.—Y, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
E. elegans, Breb.— B, Ben Lomond, J. P., & W. & G. S. W. !
Micrasterias conferta, Lund. — E, Arran, Roy.

12 FRESHWATER ALGAE.

M. crenata, Breb. — E, Arran, Roy.

M. rotata, Ralfs. — F, Stevenson, Dr. L.

M. Jenneri, Ralfs. — E, Arran Roy.

Xanthidium aculeatum, Ehren.—F, Dumbarton, Roy ; Gourock, H., W.

& G. S. W. !

X. Brebissonii, Ralfs. — F, Gourock, H. Herb. ; Dumbarton, Roy.
Cosmarium quadratum, Ralfs.— G. Clarkston, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
C. sinuosum, Wille.—E, Arran, Roy.
C. Nymannianum, Grunow. — E, Arran, Roy.
C. variolatum, Lund. — E, Arran, Roy.
C. Cucumis, Corda.—E F, Cumbrae, H., W. £ G. S. W. ! Tignabruaigh, H.,

W.&G.S.W. !

C. Ealfsii, Breb. — E, Arran, Roy.
C. pachydermum, Lund. — Kingshouse, Roy.
C. pseudopyramidatum, Lund.— BE F, Ben Lomond, J. P., & W.W. ! Arran,

Dumbarton, Roy.

C. galeritum, Nord. — E, Arran, Roy.

C. rectangulare, Grun.—F, Cumbrae, W. A., W. &G. S. W. !
C. pseudonitidulum, Nordst. — E, Arran, Roy.
C. phaseolus, Breb. — E, Arran, Roy.
C. tetrachondrium, Lund. — Kingshouse, Roy.
C. pygmaeum, Archer. — E F, Arran, Dumbarton, Roy.
C. obliquum, Nordst. — E, Arran, Roy.
C. laeve, Rabh.—Y G, Clarkston, J. P. & W. W. ! Cumbrae. H., W. &

G. S. W. !

var. septentrionale, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
C. Holmiense, Lund. — E, Arran, Roy.
C. undulatum, Corda.—F, Cumbrae, H.

C. margaritiferum, Menegh.—'B F, Balloch, J. P. & W. & G. S. W. ! Cum-
brae, H.

C. Logiense, Bisset. — B F, Loch Long, Loch Lomond, Dumbarton, Roy.
C. orthostichum, Lund. — Kingshouse, Roy.
C. Botrytis, Menegh.—F G, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W ! Paisley, Dalmuir,

J. M. B. T., J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
C. Turpini, Breb. — Kingshouse, Roy.
C. Sportella, Breb.—E, Arran, Roy.
C. coelatum, Ralfs.— E E G, Ben Lomond, Clarkston, J. P. ; Tighnabruaigh,

H., W. &G.S.W. !

C. quadrifarium, Lund.—R, Arran, Roy.
C. cyclicum, Lund. — F G, Renfrew, Roy.
C. speciosum, Lund. — E, Bute, Roy.
C. Blyttii, Wille.— F, Dumbarton, Roy.
C. parvulum, Breb. — Kingshouse, Roy.
C. subcrenatum, Hantzsch.—R F, Balloch, J. P. & W. W. ! Cumbrae, H.,

W. &G.S. W. !

C. subundulatum, Wille. — Kingshouse, Roy.
C nephroideum, ( Wille), Roy.—F,, Arran, Roy.
C. corriense, Bisset.— E, Arran, Roy.

C. praemorsum, Bre'b.—G, Carmunnock, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
C. cylindricum, Ralfs.— E, Arran, Roy.
C. tuberculatum, Arch.— B, Lochs Long— Lomond, Roy.
C. Cucurbita, Breb. f. minor. B, Ben Lomond, J. P. & W. & G. S. W. !
C. palangula, De Bary. — B, Lochs Long — Lomond, Roy.
C. granatum, Bre'b.—F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !

var. subgranatum. F, Largs, H., & Cumbrae, W. A., W. & G. S. W. !
. humile, Gay. var. substriatum, Nord. F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
.difficile, Lutk.—F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !

FRESHWATER ALGAE. 13

C. Reniforme, Arch.— F, Cumbrae, W. A., W. & G. S. W. !

C. Scoticum, West.— B, Ben Laoigh, W. W. !

C. venustum, Rabh.—E, Ben Lomond, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !

C. pyramidatum, Breb.— F, Cumbrae, W. A., W. & G. S. W. !

Staurastrum aristifemm, Ralfs.— F, Dumbarton, Eoy.

S. O'Mearii, Archer. — E, Arran, Eoy.

S. laevispinum, Bisset. — E, Arran, Roy.

S. monticulosum, Breb. — E, Arran, Eoy.

S. muricatum, Ralfs. — E, Arran, Eoy.

S. hystrix, Ralfs.— E, Arran, Eoy.

S. orbiculare, Ralfs. — var. depressum. B G, Ben Laoigh, W. W. ! Car-

munnock, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
S. punctulatum, Breb.— B G, Beinn-an-Lochain, Clarkston, J. P., W. &

G. S. W. !

S. pygmaeum, Breb,—G, Carmunnock, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
S. paradoxum, Meyen. — G, Carmunnock, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
S. crenulatum, Delp.—G, Carmunnock, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
S. capitulum, Breb. — var. aruoenum. E F, Bute, Dumbarton, Eoy.
S. dispar, Breb. — F, Dumbarton, Eoy.
S. brachiatum, Ralfs. — E, Arran, Eoy.
S. proboscideum, Archer. — E, Arran, Eoy.
S. oxyacanthum, Archer. — E, Arran, Eoy.
S. alternans, Breb.—F, Cumbrae, H, W. & G. S. W. !

S. sexcostatum, Hreb. — subsp. productum. FG, Dumbarton, Eenfrew, Eov.
S. hexacerum, Wittr.—F, Cumbrae, W. A., W. & G. S. W. !
S. margaritaceum, Menegh.—'B, Ben Lomond, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
S. scabrum, Breb. — E, Arran, Eoy.
S. gracile, Ralfs.— F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Arthrodesmus incus, Hass.—F G, Cumbrae, \V. A. ; Milngavie, H.
A. convergens, Ehr. — G, Milngavie, H.
Hyalotheca dissiliens, Breb. — F G, Possil, Hooker : Gourock, H., Cumbrae,

W.A., both W. &G. S.W. !

Volvox minor, Stein.— F, Springburn Quarrv, T. K. ; Stanley. J. M. B. T.
V. globator, L— G, Elderslie, Stanley, J. 1VLB.T.
Gronium pectorale, Mull. — G, Paisley, J. M. B. T.
Hydrodictyon utriculatum, Roth.—G, Glasgow, E, D. W.
Coelastrum microspomm, Nag. — G, Carmunnock, J. P. & W. "VV. !
Pediastrum Boryanum, Turp. — F G, Cumbrae, H., Carmunnock, J. P., both

W. & G. S. W. ! Prestwick, W. A.
var. grannlatum. F, Cumbrae, H.
P. Sturmii, Reinsch.—B, Ben Laoigh, W. & G. S. W. !
P. rotula, Ehr.—F, Cumbrae, H. ( = P. Ehrenbergii Br.).
P. tetras, (Ehr.}, Ralfs.— F, Cumbrae, H.
Ophiocytium cochleare, Braun. — G, Paisley, J. M. B. T.
Mischococcus confervicola, Nag. — G, South Barr, J. M. B. T.
Scenedesmus quadricauda, Cooke. — G, Glasgow, W. A. ; Carmunnock, J. P.

& W. W. !

S. denticulatus, Lagerh. var. linearis... F, Cumbrae, W. A., W. & G. S. W. I
S. bijugatus, Kuetz.—F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Rhaphidium aciculare, Braun. — F, Lochwinnoch, J. M. B. T.
R. falcatum, Corda. — F, Lochwinnoch, J. M. B. T.

Characium Pringsheimii, A. Br.—G, St. Germains, S. E. & W. & G. S. W. !
Apiocystis Brauniana, Naq. — F, Eenfrew, J. M. B. T.
Tetraspora lubrica, Ag.—F G, Beith, Kilrnalcolm, S. E. & S. M. W. ; Hog-

ganfield, H., W. & G. S. W. ! Bardowie, S. M. W.
T. gelatinosa, Desv.— G, Possil, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Palmella hyalina, Breb.—G, Carmunnock, J. P., W. & G. S. W. :

14 FRESHWATER ALGAE.

P. mucosa, Kutz. — BL, Garelochhead, S. M. W. ; Dalmellington, S. E. &

S. M. W.

P. cruenta, Ag. — G, Glasgow, Hooker.

Botrydina vulgaris, Br<?b.—G, Paisley, J. M. B. T., W. & G. S. W. !
Botryococcus Braunii, Kutz. — G, Lin wood Moss, S. M. W. ; Fereneze,

.T. M. B. T.

Nephrocytium Naegelii, Grun. — F, Cumbrae, W. A., W. & G. S. W. !
N. crassum, West.—G, Dalmuir, J. P. & W. & G. S. W. !
Oocystis solitaria, Wittr.—F, Cumbrae, H. & W. A., W. & G. S. W. !
Glaeocystis adnata, Huds.— F, Lochwinnoch, J. M. B. T.
G. Paroliniana, Menegh.—FG, Lochwinnoch, J. M. B. T. ; Dumgoyne Glen,

J. P. & W. & G. S. W. !
G. gigas, Gru7i.—FG, Carmunnock, J. P., W. & G. S. W. ! Kilmalcolm,

Johnstone, S. M. W.

Urococcus insignis, Kutz.—G, Paisley, J. M. B. T., W. & G. S. W. !
U. Hookeriaims, Hass.—G, Stonelaw, W. A. & H. ; Possil, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Eremosphaera viridis, De Bary. — F, Inverkip, Garvock, J. M. B. T.
Pleurococcus mucosus, Rakb. — G, Dumbuck, J. M. B. T.
Trochiscia asperum, Hansg. — G, Dumgoyne Glen, J. P. & W. W. !
Chlorococcum Immicolum, Nag. — G, Crosslee, S. M. W.
Protococcus viridis, Ag. — G, Johnstone, S. M. W.
Gloiotrichia natans, Thur. — G, Fereneze, J. M. B. T.
G. pisum, Thur.—E, Arran, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Stigonema mamillosum, Ag. — E, Arran, H., W. & G. S. W. !
S. ocellatum, Tkur.—E, Arran, H., W. & G. S. W. !
S. hormoides, Born, and Flah.—E, Arran, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Scytonema crispum, Born.—G, Campsie, H., W. & G. S. W. !
S. mirabile, Dilh&.—E, Arran, H., W. & G. S. W. !

S. myochrous, Ag.— E F, Glengarnock, S. M. W. ; Arran, H., W. & G. S. W. !
S. alatum, BerJc.—E, Arran, H. & W. A., both W. & G. S. W. !
Tolypothrix tenuis, Kutz. — F G, Clarkston, J. P. ; Cumbrae, H., both W. &

G. S. W. !
T. lanata, Wartm.—G, Paisley, J. M. B. T. ; Hogganfield, H., both W. &

G. S. W. !

T. flaccida, Kutz.—V, Cumbrae, S. M. W.
Desmonema Wrangelii, Born, et Flak. (Tolypothrix Dillwynii) — F, Holv

Loch, W. A.

Dichothrix Nordstetii, Born, and Flah.—E, Arran, H., W. & G. S. W. !
D. gypsophila, Bom. and Flah.—E, Arran, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Nostoc verrucosum, Vauch.—'E G, Lanilash, Daldowie, H., W. & G. S. W. !
N. microscopicum, Carm. — EFH, Coira Linn, J. P. ; Cumbrae, Tighna-

bruaigh, H., all W. & G. S. W. !

N. Commune, Vauch.— FG, Campsie, H., W. & G. S. W. ! Cumbrae, W. A.
N. Linckia, Roth.—G, Harelaw, J. M. B. T.
N. muscorum, Ag.—E, Arran, H., W. & G. S. W. !
N. pruniforme, Ag.—F, Cumbrae, W. A. & H., W. & G. S. W. !
Anabaena versicolor, Kutz.—F, Cumbrae, Wemyss Bay, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Aphanizomenon flosaquae, fialfs.—F G, South Barr, J. M. B. T. ; Ayr-
shire, Dr. L.
Cylindrospermum stagnale, Kutz. — FG, Cumbrae, W. A. ; Possil, H., both

W. & G. S. W. !

C. Majus, Kutz.— E. Arran, W. A., W. & G. S. W. !

Nodularia spumigera var. litorea, Thur. — F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
•(Schizothrix smithii, Kutz.— E, Goatfell, W. A. ; Species inquirenda, vide

Gomont, "Monograph d. Oscillar.")
Dasygloea amorpha, Thwaites. — G, Paisley, J. M. B. T.
-Lyngbya Menegheniana, Gomont.— F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S, W. !

FRESHWATER ALGAE. 15

L. aerugineo-caerulea, Gomont. — E, Arran, EL, W. & G. S. W. !

L. majuscula, Harv.—F, Gourock, H., W. & G. S. W. !

L. aestuarii, Lieb.— E F, Brodick ; Gourock, H., W. & G. S. W, I

(L. Thomson!!, Hass. — J, Ballantrae. Hass Species inquirenda, see Gomont.)

Plectonema Thomasianum, Thur.—F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !

Phormidium autumnale, Gomont. — B, Balloch, S. E. & J. A. T.

P. corium, Gomont.— F G, Clyde, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !

P. fragile, Gomont. — K, Ayr. (v. Grevillea, vol. xxi.)

P. laminosum, Gomont. — F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !

P. uncinatum, Gomont. — G, Carmyle, W. A.

Oscillatoria limosa, Ag. — F G, Beith, S. E. ; Glasgow Canal, H. ; Saltcoats,

W. A., all W. & G. S. W. ! Ben Laoigh, W. & G. S. W. !
0. insignis, Cpoke. — E, Arran, W. A.
0. nigroviridis, Cooke. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.
0. muscorum, Carm. — F H, Inverkip ; Douglas, H. Herb ?
0. splendida, (Jreo.—G, Fereneze, J. M. B. T. ; Fossil, H., W. & G. S. W. !
0. nmcosa, Hass. — F, Stevenston, Dr. L. (Species inquirenda Gomont.)
0. thermalis, Hass. — F, Stevenston, Dr. L. ; Glen. J. M. B. T.
0. antliaria, Jurgens. — F or G, Johnstone, S. M. W.
0. irrigua, Kutz.—F, Lochwinnoch, S. E., W. & G. S. W. !
0. laetevirens, Cm.— F, Wemyss Bay, W. A., W. & G. S. W. !
0. brevis, Kutz.—G, Paisley, J. M. B. T., W. & G. S. W. !
0. acuminata, Gomont. — A* Inveraray, H., W. & G. S. W. !
0. formosa, Bory.—Y, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !

0. amphibia, Ag.—F. Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. ! G, Fereneze, J. M. B. T.
0. tenuis, Ag.— FG, Milton, J.M. B. T. ; Wemyss Bay, Barclowie, H. ;

Saltcoats, W. A., all W. & G. S. W. !

0. chalybea, Mertens.—F, Glenifter, J. M. B. T. ; Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Microcpleus tenerrimus, Gom.— F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
M. vaginatus, Gom. — F, Hunterston, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
M. paludosus, Gom.—F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Spirulina tenuissima, Cooke. — F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
S. Menegheniana, Zanard.—F, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Aphanothece saxicola, Nag. — B, Ben Laoigh, W. & G. S. W. !
A. microscopica, Niig.—F G, Stonelaw, Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. !
A. prasina, Br.~ B ? G, Gartcosh, H., W. & G. S. W. ! Gareloch, W. A. ?
Glaucocystis Nostochinearum, Itz.— B, Ben Lomond, J. P., W. & G. S. W. !
Merismopaedia glauca, Nag. — B G, Ben Lomond, Carmunnock, J. P., W. &

G. S. W.

Caelosphaermm Kutzingianum, Niig. — G, Bardowie, H., W. & G. S. W. !
Microcystis protogenita, Bens.—G, South Barr, J. M. B. T.
Clathrocystis aeruginosa, Henf.—G, South Barr, J. M. B. T.
Aphanocapsa virescens, Hass. — G, Glengarnock, S. M. W.
Chroccoccus turgidus, Nag. — J F G, Ailsa Craig, Glengarnock, S. M. W. !
Glaeocapsa sanguinea, Kutz.—E, Arran, H., W. & G. S. W. !
G. Ralfsiana, Harv.—E, Arran, W. & G. S. W. !
G. rupestris, Cooke.— G, Glengarnock, S. M. W.
G. aeruginosa (Carm.\ Kutz. — F, Gourock, W. A.
G. livida, Carm.—G (E ?), Fereneze, J. M. B. T. (Lamlash, W. A., sub

Coccochloris.)

G. magma, Kutz. — E, Goatfell, Hooker.

Rivularia atra, Roth.—F, Cumbrae, Gourock, H., W. & G. S. W. !
R. granulifera, Carm.—F, Cumbrae, W. A., S. M. W.
R. haematites, Ag.— F, Cumbrae, W. A., S. M. W.
R. nitida, Ag. — F, Cumbrae, Dr. L.

Arthrospira Jenneri, Stizen.—G, Old can.-d basin, W. A., W. & G. S. W. !
G, Old Canal, W. A.

MARINE ALGAE.

PROBABLY no portion of the littoral of these Islands has been more thoroughly
explored by competent algologists than the shores of the Firth of Clyde ;
yet, owing to the great extent of coast, which, following the indentations,
extends for several hundred miles, much remains to be done. The more
outlying portions of the great Lochs, the Western shores of Bute and Arran,
and the Peninsula of Kintyre, are almost a terra incognita to the phycolo-
gist ; while hardly more than a beginning has been made with the exploration
of the great Zostera beds at Fairlie, and the extensive banks of Lithothamnia,
which are so plentiful in the districts around the Cumbraes and Arran.

The marine flora of the Firth of Clyde is Northern in its general character-
istics, as is clearly indicated by the great number of Fucoidea which it
contains ; yet side by side with such typically Northern species as Mono-
stroma Blyttii, Gobia baltica, Dictyosiplion hippuroides, D. Chordaria, D.
Mesogloea, Stictyosiphon tortilis, Phaeosaccion Collinsii, Odonthalia dentata,
Antithamnion floccosum, etc., we meet with Bifurcaria tuberculata, Cystoseira
ericoides, C. granulata, Dasya arbuscula, Nemalion lubricum, Delesseria
hypoglossum, Sphaerococcus coronopifolius, Naccaria Wigghii, Scinaia furcel-
lata, Callyonema reniformis, Chondria tenuissima, Champia parvula, Mono-
spora pedicellata, Halarachnion ligulatum, and others equally typical of a
Southern flora.

With the exception of the Orkney Islands nowhere else on the British
coasts can a similar mixture of Northern and Southern forms to the same
extent be met with. As is well known, the temperature of the water is the
most important factor regulating the distribution of marine algae, and
"Gulf-stream influence" is usually considered responsible for this great
influx of Southern forms into the algae-flora, of both the Clyde Sea- Area
and the Orkney Isles.

The algae of the district have always presented peculiar attractions to
botanists since the days of Lightfoot and Greville, Arnott and Hennedy, to
those of Robertson and the workers of the present day, most of whom have
at one time or other algologised in the district ; but it is to the labours of the
indefatigable Mrs. Robertson who, for many successive years, and at all
seasons, continued her search for the sea-weeds of the neighbourhood, that
we owe most of our knowledge of the marine algae of the Firth of Clyde.

Phaeosaccion Collinsii and Lithothamnion Batter sii are to be met with
nowhere else in Europe, and Ectocarpus ovatus, Halicystis ovalis, Leptonema
fasciculatum, and Lithothamnion orbiculatum, are hardly known to occur in
Britain outside the Firth of Clyde, while Urospora collabens had not been
found on our coasts since 1808 when, in March, 1894, it was rediscovered by
the late Dr. Robertson growing on a wooden buoy in the harbour of
(Jumbrae.

MARINE ALGAE. 17

Excluding " waifs," etc., the species are distributed among the great
groups in the following proportions : My.vophyceae, 34 ; Chlorophyceae, 74 ;
Fucoideae, 125 ; Rhodophyceae, 162.

The total number of species of British Marine Algae probably falls short
of 750, and out of this the local flora contains 395.

E. A. L. BATTERS.

REFERENCE KEY.

1. E. A. L. Batters : " Handlist of the Algae of the Clvde Sea-area."
(Journal of Botany, 1891, pp. 209-214 ; 229-236 ; 272-283). N.B. This List
was compiled from former records supplemented by a careful examination of
the Herbarium of Mrs. and the late Dr. Robertson, the National collections at
Kew and the British Museum, the Herbarium of Glasgow University, etc.
2. Mrs. and the late Dr. David Robertson's Herbarium and collection of
microscope slides. 3. E. A. L. Batters : "Some new British Marine Algae."
(Journal of Botany, 1895, pp. 274-6; 1896, 6-11; 384-90; 1897, 433-400;
1900, 369-79). 4. E. A. L. Batters in lit. 5. E. A. L. Batters : "New
or Critical British Marine Algae." (Grevillea, vol. xxi., pp. 13-23, 49-53,
97-100. Vol. xxii., pp. 20-24, 50-52, 90-92, 114-117. 6. Prof. R. Kennedy's
Herbarium and microscope slides, Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical
College. 7. E. M. Holmes in lit. 8. J. A. Mahoney : " List of the Marine
Algae of Clydesdale." (Notes on the Flora and Fauna of the West of Scotland,
1876). 9. R. K. Greville : Scottish Gryptogamic Flora, 1823-1828. 10. Dr.
Gregorsons : Proceedings Natural History Society of Glasgow, vols. i. and ii.,
pp. 65, 66, 78, etc. 11. Rev. D. Landsborough : A popular History of
British Seaweeds, Ed. II., 1851. 12. J. Paterson, see 1. 13. E. M. Holmes :
"New British Marine Algae." (Grevillea, vol. x., pp. 110-111. Vol. xi.,
pp. 140-142. 14. Dr. Thompson, see 11. 15. Mrs. Stark, see 11. 16. Major
Martin, see 11. 17. MSS. of the late Prof. Balfour's Excursions to the
Island of Arran. 18. Dr. W. H. Harvey : Phycologia Britannica, 1846-1851.
19. Geo. Brebner, see 3. 20. E. A. L. Betters: "Additional Notes on the
Mariue Algae of the Clyde Sea-area." (Journal of Botany, June, 1893, pp.
170-177). "21. Dr. P. R. Greville : Algae Britannicae, 1830. 22. J. Light-
foot : Flora Scotica, 1777. 23. S. M. Wellwood in lit. 24. Mrs. Ovens,
see 11. 25. E. A. L. Batters: "On some new British Marine Algae."
(Annals of Botany, vol. ix., pp. 307-321, June 1895). 26. Mrs. Gibb, see 11.
27. Miss M'Leish, see 11. 28. Rev. M. Lambie, see 11. 29. Mr. Gourlie,
see 11. 30. Rev. Gilbert Laing, see 11. 31. W. G. Johnstone and A. Croall :
The Nature-painted British Seaweeds, 1859-1866. 32. W. H. Grattan :
British Marine Algae, 1873.

A. MYXOPHYCEAE.
Merismopaedia glauca, Nag. — E, Kames Bay 1.

CHAMAESIPHOXACEAE.

Dermocarpa prasina, Born. — E F, Bute, Cumbrae 1 & 2, Kilchattan, 20.

D. violacea, Cm. — B, Gareloch 20.

D. Schonsboei, Born. — EF, Kames 20, Cumbrae 2.

Hyella caespitosa, Born et Flak.—E F, Bute 20, Saltcoats 1, Cumbrae 2.

HORMOGONEAE.

1 Homocysteae.

Spirulina major, Kutz.—Y, Millport l.
S. subsalsa, Oersted. — E B3, Corriegills, Wemyss Bay 1.
Oscillatoria subuliformis, Thw. — F, Largs 8.

B

18 MARINE ALGAE.

0. margaritifera, Kutz. = O. insignis, Tkw. — F, Hunterstori, Cumbrae 8.

O. nigroyiridis, Thw.—Y, Millport 1.

0. corallinae, Gam. — F, Hunterston 1.

Phormidium Ectocarpi, Gom. — F, Cumbrae 3.

P. papyraceum, Gom. — F, Cumbrae 20.

P. ambiguum, Gom. — F, Cumbrae 4.

Lyngbya aestuarii, Liebm.— EF, Brodick 1, Cumbrae 2.

L. majuscula, Harv. — FK, Hunterston 1, Girvan 2.

L. Rivulariarum, Gom. — F, Cumbrae 4.

L. lutea, Gom. — F, Cumbrae 5.

Plectonema Nostocorum, Born.—F, Cumbrae 2.

P. terebrans, Born, et Flak. — F, Cumbrae 5.

Symploca hydnoides, Kiitz.

f. genuina, Gom. — S. Harveyi Le Jol., Arran 1.

f. fasciculata, Gom. — F, Cumbrae 1.
Schizothrix vaginata, Gom. — F, Cumbrae 3.
Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum, Kutz.

var. rupestris, Kutz. — E, Bute 7, Fintry Bay, Cumbrae 20.
Microcoleus chthonoplastes, Thur. — 'EF, Cumbrae, Gourock, Largs, Hunter-
ston, Wemyss Bay, Brodick, Invercloy 1.

HETEROCYSTEAE.

Calotllrix confervicola, C. Ag. — EF, Cumbrae 2, Arran, Ardrossan 1.
C. SCOpulorum, C. Ag. — E F, Holy Isle 8, Cumbrae 2.
C. pulvinata, C. Ag. — F, Cumbrae 2.
C. fasciculata, C. Ag. — F, Cumbrae 1 & 2.
Eivularia Biasolettiana, Menegh. — E, Arran.
E. atra, Roth. — EF, Corriegills 8, Ardrossan 1, Cumbrae 2.
R. nitida, C. Ag. — F, Cumbrae, Hunterston Point, Gourock, etc., etc., 1.
Mastigocoleus testamm, Lagerh. — E F, Fintry, Lamlash, Saltcoats to
Fairlie 26.

NOSTOCACEAE.

Nostoc Linckia, Born. — F, Largs 8, Cumbrae 2.

N. entophytum, Born, et Flak. — F, Cumbrae 3.

Anabaena variabilis, Kutz. — F, Cumbrae 1.

Nodularia spumigena, Mert. B. litorea, Born, et Flak. — F, Cumbrae 1.

B. CHLOROPHYCEAE.

PROTOCOCCACEAE.

Chlorochytrium inclusum, Kjellm. — F, Cumbrae, Kilcreggan 20.
C. dermatocolax, Rice.— BF, Gareloch, Cumbrae 20.
Codiolum Petrocelidis, Kuck. F, Cumbrae 4.

BLASTOSPORACEAE.

Prasiola stipitata, Suhr. — BF, Loch Goil, Dunoon 1, Cumbrae 2, Gare-
loch 20.

ULVACEAE.

Protoderma marinum, Rke.— F, Cumbrae 20.

Ulyella lens, Crn.—E F, Kames, Little Cumbrae 20.

Pringsheimia scutata, Rke.—F, Cumbrae 2, Ardrossan 1 & 20.

Monostroma Blyttii, Wittr. — E F, Kames 1, Cumbrae 20.

M. fuscum, Wittr.— E F, Fintry 1, Cumbrae 20.

M. Grevillii, J. Ag. (Ulva lactucae, Phyc. Brit.}— EFK, Arran 1, Bute 9,
Ardrossan, Portincross 1, Cumbrae 2, Gourock, etc., Saltcoats 1, Ayr-
heads 1.

MARINE ALGAE. 19

Capsosiphon aureolus, Gobi. — F, Cumbrae, Seamill 20.

Diplonema percursum, Kjellm.—E F, Bute, Gourock, etc., Ardrossan 20.

Enteromorpha clathrata, J. Ag. — E F, Arran 1, Bute 2, Cuinbrae 2, Portin-
cross, Fairlie Buoy, Hunterston Point 1.

E. Hopkirkii, McCalla. — E, Arran, Brodick, Corriegills 1.

E. erecta, J. Ag. — EF, Arran, Cumbrae, Ardrossan 1.

E. torta, Reinb. (=E. percursa, Phyc. Br.) — E F, Arran, Bute, Cumbrae 20.

E. crinita, J. Ag. — F, Fairlie 2.

E. ramulosa, Harv. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Wernyss Bay, Largs 1.

E. Linkiana, Grev. — E F, Arran Lamlash, Cumbrae 2.

E. compressa, Grev. — B E F, Gareloch, Arran, Bute, Cumbrae, Gourock, etc.,
Saltcoats 1 & 2.

E. Linza, J. Ag. f. lanceolata (Ulva linza) — JEFK, Kildonan, Kyles Bute
10, Cumbrae 2, Innellan, Gourock, etc. 1, Girvan 2, Eothesay, Ar-
drossan 20.

E. intestinalis, Link. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 1, Innellan, Largs 1 & 2.
var. cornucopiae, J. Ag. — E, Port Bannatyne 1.

E. micrococca, Kutz. — E F, Arran Cumbrae 20.
var. B. tortuosa. E F, Kames Farland 20.

E. minima, Naeg. — F, Cumbrae 20.

E. marginata, J. Ag. — E, Kames Bute 20.

Ulva latissima, L. — E F, Arran, Kyles Bute 1 & 10, Cumbrae 2.

ULOTH RICHACEAE.

Ulothrix implexa, Kutz. — F, Cumbrae, Millport, 20 & 2.

U. speciosa, Kutz. — E F, Arran, Gourock 1.

U. flacca, Thur. ( = Lvngbva flacca & L. Carmicliaelii Phvc. Bn.) — BEF,

•r O •/ w

Gareloch 20, Kilcreggan, Arran 1, Cumbrae 6, Saltcoats 1, Gourock 12,
etc., Ardrossan 1.

CHAETOPHORACEAE.

Acrochaete repens, Pringsh. — F, Cumbrae 20.

Bulbocoleon piliferum, Pringsh. — F, Cumbrae, West Kilbride 20.

Ochlochaete ferox, Huber. — Cumbrae 3.

Entoderma viride, Lagerh. — F, Tan Buoy (8-10 fathoms) 20.

E. Wittrockii, Wille.— Farland 20.

Tellamia contorta, £att.—~F, Cumbrae 3.

T. intricata, Batt. — F, Cumbrae 4.

CLADOPHORACEAE.

Urospora collabens, Holm, et Batt. — F, Cumbrae 2 & 5.

U. isogena, Batt. — E F K, Lamlash 2, Cumbrae 2, Greenock, etc., Ayr-
heads 20.

Chaetomorpha tortuosa, Kutz. — E F, Arran Cumbrae 2, Seamill 2, Salt-
coats 11, Loch Ranza 20.

C. implexa, Kutz. — E F, Bute, Cumbrae 2.

C. litorea, Holm, et Batt. — EF, Arran 1, Cumbrae 6, Gourock 1.

C. linum, Kutz. — F. Cumbrae 1, Troon 1.
f. pulvinata, Batt. F, Cumbrae 20.

C aerea, Kutz. — JEF, Ailsa Craig 8, Lamlash 2, Cumbrae 2, Portincross 1.

C melagonium, Kutz. — I E F, Campbeltown 2, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2.

Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth.) Harv. — E F, Arran Bute 1, Cumbrae 2,

Rothesay 20, Gourock, etc., Ardrossan 1.
f. Casparyi, Holm, et Batt. F, Cumbrae 6.

R. tortupsum, Kutz. — E F, Arran, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2, Saltcoats 1, Kiro,
Portincross 20.

R. Kochianum. Kutz. — F, Cumbrae 2.

20 MARINE ALGAE.

B. flavicans, R«h. — F, Weniyss Bay 1.
Cladophora pellucida, Kutz. — F, Cumbrae 2.

C. hirta, Kutz.— F, Millport, Farland Point, Cumbrae 20.

C. Hutchinsiae, Harv. — F, Cumbrae 2, Saltcoats and Ardrossan 1.

f. ditf'usa, Holm, et Batt. F, Bute 2.
C. utrkmlosa, Kuts.—E F, Arran 2, Cumbrae, Ardrossan 1.

f. laetevirens, Hauck. — B E F, Gareloch, Eothesay 20, Cumbrae 6, Ar-
drossan 1.
C. rupestris, Kutz.— J E F K, Ailsa Craig 2, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2, Innellan,

Ayrheads, etc., 1.

C. glaucescens, Griff. — F, Cumbrae 2.
C. Neesiorum, Kutz. — F, Cumbrae 7.

C. rectangularis, Harv., f. subnuda, Kutz. — F, Cumbrae 2.
C. fracta, Kutz. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 1, Fairlie 2, Hangingshaw, E. D. W.
C. albida Kutz.—E F, Arran 8, Cumbrae 20.

f. refracta Holm, et Batt. — E F, Cumbrae 2, Saltcoats 11.
C. gracilis, Kutz. — F, Portincross, Ardrossan 1.

C. Balliana, Harv.— J F, Ailsa Craig 8, Fin try Bay Cumbrae 20, Little
Cumbrae 2.

C. trichocoma, Kutz. — F, Cumbrae 7.

Acrosiphonia arcta, Kjellm. — J E F, Kildonan 1, Lamlash 2, Cumbrae 6,

Saltcoats 1.
A. lanosa, Kutz. — B E F, Loch Goil, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Ardrossan 1.

f. uncialis, Thur. E F, Arran 6, Cumbrae, Largs 2, Saltcoats 1.
A. pallida, Kjellm. — F, Cumbrae 3.

A. stolonifera, Kjellm. — F, Cumbrae 3.

GOMONTIACEAE.

Gomontia polyrhiza, Born, et Flak. — B F, Gareloch, C umbrae, Fairlie to Salt-
coats 20.

VALONIACEAE.

Ostreobium Quekettii, Born, et Fla-h.—B E F, Gareloch, Loch Fyne, Cum-
brae 20.

Halicystis ovalis, Aresch. — B E, Arran 2, Kyles 5, Loch Goil 15.
Blastophysa rhizopus, Reinke. — F, Cumbrae 3.

BRYOPSIDACEAE.

Bryopsis plumosa, C. Ag.— E F K, Arran 1, Cumbraes 2, Troon & Saltcoats 1,
etc., Girvan 2.

B. hypnoides, Lam. — F, Portincross, Seamill, Saltcoats 1.

VAUCHERIACEAE.

Vaucheria sphaerospora, Nordst. f. dioica, Rosenv. — F, Seamill 20.
V. Tlmretii, Woron. — E F, Ari$an, Brodick, Langbank, etc., Largs, 1.

CODIACEAE.

Codium tomentosum, 8tackh.—3 E F K, Arran 1 & 10, Cumbraes 20 & 2,
Girvan 2, Ballantrae 14, Kildonan 1.

C. FUCOIDEAE.

DESMARESTIACEAE.

Desmarestia viridis, Lamx. — E F, Arran 2, Cumbraes 2 & 20, Dunoon,
Saltcoats 1.

D. aculeata, Lamx. — A B E F IJ K, Upper Loch Fyne, Campbeltown, Gare-

loch, Kildonan 10, Cumbrae, Ayrheads, etc., 1 & 2.

D. Ligulata, Lamx. — I J, Soutnend, Kintyre 11, Campbeltown 8, Ballan-
trae 15

MARINE ALGAE. 21

DlCTYOSIPHOXACEAE.

Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus, Grew. — J E F, Kildonan, Arran, Bute 1,

Cunibrae 2, Gourock, Wemyss Bay 1.
f. hispida, Kjellm. — F, Cumbrae, Fairlie 20.
D. hippuroides, Aresch. — E F, Arran 1, Cunibrae 20, Fairlie 1.
D. Chordaria, Aresch.— F, Fairlie, Portincross, Cunibrae 20.

D. Mesogloea, Aresch. — E F, Bute 20, Fairlie 2.
Gobia baltica, Rke. — F, Kilchattan, Bute 4.

PUNCTARIACEAE.

Phaeostroma pustulosum, Kuck. — F, Cumbrae 3.

Phaeosaccion Collinsii, Farlow. — F, Cumbrae 3.

Litosiphon pusillus, Harv. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Saltcoats, Ardrossan 1.

Pogotrichum filiforme, Rke. — B, Gareloch 5.

Phloeospora brachiata, Bornet. = Ect. brachiatus Pliyc. Br. = Stictyosiphon

Griffithsianus, Holm, et Batt. F, Wemyss Bay 2, Ardrossan 1, Seamill ] 1.
Stictyosiphon subarticulatus, Hauck. — J E F, Kildonan 13, Kames,

Fintry 20.

S. tortilis, Rice. — J F, Kildonan 13, Cunibrae 2.
Desmotrichum undulatum, Rke. — E F, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2.
Punctaria plantaginea, Grev. — E F, Arran, Portincross, Cumbrae 2, Wemyss

Bav 1, etc., Saltcoats 11.

v

f. torta. Holm, et Batt. F, Cumbrae 2.
P. latifolia, Grev. — E, Arran 11.

f. zosterae. Le Jol. E F, Arran 1, Bute 1, Cunibrae 2, Wemyss Bay, etc.,

1, between Largs and Fairlie 11, Ardrossan 16.
f. laminarioides. Holmes, et Batt. Cumbrae 20.

ASPEROCOCCACEAE.

Myriotrichia clavaeformis, Harv. — E F J, Arran 1, Cumbrae 8,Ballantrae 14.

M. filiformis, Harv. Farlow. — E F, Arran 11, Bute, Cumbrae 2.

M. densa, Batt. — E F, Arran, Cunibrae 3.

Asperococcus echinatus, Grev. — J E F, Kildonan 10, Arran, Cunibrae 2,

Portincross, Ardrossan 1.
A. bullosus, Lamx. — E F, Arran 16, 17, & 1, Cumbrae 2, Bute 29, Loch

Ranza, Brodick, etc., 1.
Striaria attenuata, Grev. — E F, Arran 1, Bute 21, Cumbrae 1.

ECTOCARPACEAE.

Ascocyclus orbicularis, Magn. — E F, Arran, Cunibrae, Portincross 1 & 2.
Streblonema fasciculatum, Thur. — E F, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2, Fintry 20.

f. simplex, Rke. — F, Cunibrae 2.
S. aequale, Oltm. — F, Cumbrae 2.
S. sphaericum, Thur. — E F, Bute, Fairlie 20
?Ectocarpus helophorus, Rosenv. — F, Cumbrae 19.

E. Zanardinii, Cm. — F, Cumbrae 2.
E. parasiticus, Sau-v. — F, Cumbrae 2.
E. aecidioides, Rosenv. — F, Cumbrae 3.

E. terminalis, Kutz. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 2.

E. simplex, Crn. — E, Lamlash 2.

E. globifer, Kutz( = ~Ei. insignis, Crn.). F, Seamill 2, Lamlash 20.

E. Crouani, Thur. — F, Cumbrae 2.

?E. Sandrianus, Zan. — E F, Lamlash, Cumbrae, Ardrossan 1.

E. longifructus, Harv. — F, Saltcoats 11, Cunibrae 2.

E. irregularis, Kutz. — F, Seamill 20.

E. arctus, Kutz.— E F, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2, Saltcoats to Fairlie 1.

22 MARINE ALGAE.

E. confervoides, Le e/b£.— B E F, Loch Goil, Arran, Bute, Cumbraes, Gourock,
etc., Ardrossan 1 & 2.

f. siliculosa, Kjellm. F, Cumbrae 2.

f. penicillata, C. Ag. F, Cumbrae 2.

E. fasciculatus, Harv. — B F, Helensburgh, Cumbrae 2, Portincross, West
Kilbride 1.

f. pygmaea, Batt. (= Ect. pygmaeus, KjellmT) Cumbrae 2.
E. granulosus, C. Ag. — E F, Lamlash, Cumbrae 2, Gourock, Ardrossan 1.

f. refracta. F, Cumbrae, Irvine 2.
E. secundus, Kutz. — F Cumbrae, Fairlie 2.
E. ovatus, Kjellm. — E F, Lamlash, Cumbrae 2.
E. Hincksiae, Harv. — F, Ayrshire 11, Shoalsbuoy, Cumbrae 2.
E. tomentosus, Lyngb. — E F, Arran, Bute, Cumbraes, Kirn, etc., S.-dtcoats 1.
E. tomentosoid.es, Farlow. — F, Cumbrae 2.
E. Landsburgii, Harv. — EF, Arran 11, Kyles Bute 20, Cumbrae 2, Largs,

Ardrossan 1.

E. distortus, Harv.— EF, Arran 1, Cumbrae, Ardrossan 2.
Sorocarpus uvaeformis, Pringsh. — F, Cumbrae 1, Gourock 2.
Isthmoplea sphaerophora, Kjellm. — E F, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Portincross 1,
Pylaiella litoralis, Kjellm. — B E F, Gareloch, Arran, Bute, Cumbrae, Gourock,
etc., Ardrossan 1 and 2.

f. ferrugiuea, Kjellm. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 2.

f. compacta, Kjellm.—}?, Seam ill 1.
P. varia, Kjellm. — EF, Bute, Cumbrae, Saltcoats 2.

ARTHROCLADIACEAE.
Arthrocladia villosa, Dubi/.—Ei F, Lamlash 20, Cumbrae 16.

ELACHISTACEAE.

Myriactis Stellulata, Batt. — E F, Lamlash 16, Portincross 20, Cumbrae 8.

M. pulvinata, Kutz. — F, Cumbrae 20.

M. Areschougii, Batt. — F, Farland Point 20.

Elachistea Grevillii, Arn.—EF, Arran, Cumbrae 1, Largs, Seamill 1 and 7.

E. fucicola, Fries. — B E F K, Gareloch, Arran, Cumbraes 1 and 2, Wemyss

Bay, etc., Ayrheads 2.
Leptonema fasciculatum, Rice. — F, Cumbrae 20.

f. subcylindrica, Rosenv. — Cumbrae 5.

f. uncinata, Rice. — F, Gourock.
Halothrix lumbricalis, Rke. — E F, Bute, Cumbrae, Fairlie 2 and 20.

SPHACELARIACEAE.

Sphacelaria radicans, Harv. — E F, Lamlash, Cumbrae 2.

S. olivacea, Pringsh. — E F, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Ardrossan 1.

S. racemosa, Grev. — E F, Arran 8, Cumbrae 6.

S. cirrhosa, C. Ag. — BEFJK, Loch Goil 1, Corriegills Arran 1, Cumbrae 2,

Fairlie, etc., Girvan 1, Ailsa Craig 2, Saltcoats, Ardrossan, etc , 1.
f. fusca, Holm, et Batt. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 1.
var. aegagrophila, Ag. — E F K, Bute 9, Cumbrae 1, Fairlie, Ayrheads

1 and 2.
var. patentissima, Grev. — E, Bute 9.

S. plumigera, Holm. — E F, Lamlash Arran 2, Cumbrae 6, Portincross,
Ardrossan 11.

S. plumula, Zan. — E, Lamlash Arran 20.

Chaetppteris plumosa, Kutz. — E F K, Arran, Cnmbrae 2, Portincross 20,
Girvan 2, Ardrossan 1.

Cladostephus spongiosus C. Ag. — BEFJK, Loch Goil 1, Cumbrae 2, Ar-
drossan 1, Kildonan 10, Ayrheads 2.

MARINE ALGAE. 23

C. verticillatus, C. Ag. — FJK, Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 1, Girvan 2, Arran 11.
Stypocaulon scoparium, Kutz. — EF, Arrau 11, Cumbrae 2, Ayrshire 11,
Rothesay 20.

MYRIONEMACEAE.

Hecatonema globosum Batt. ( = Ascocyclus globosus, Eke.). F, Cumbrae 5.
H. reptans, Saur. (=Ascocyclus reptans, like.}. F, Cumbrae 5.
Myrionema strangulans, Grer. — EF, Corriegills Arran 11, Cumbrae 2.

f. baltica, Batt. ( = Asc >cyclus balticus, Batt. non Rke.}. F, Cumbrae 20.

f. Leclancherii, ( = M. Lech., Phyc. Br.}. Loch Striven 8, Brodick Bay 1.
M. Corunnae, Sauv. (=Ascocyclus foecundus, Batt. in Grevillea, Sept. 92).
F, Cumbrae 3.

RALFSIACEAE.

Lithoderma fatiscens, Aresch. — F, Cumbrae 3.

Ralfsia clavata, Crn. — BEF, Loch Goil, Arrau, Bute, Fairlie to Saltcoats

20 and 2.

R. pusilla, Batt.— E, Kames Bute 20.
R. verrucosa, Aresch. — BEF, Loch Goil 1, Cumbrae, Ardrossan 20 and 2,

Corriegills, Wemy.-s Bay.

CHORDARIACEAE.

Spermatochnus paradoxus, Rke. — EF, Arrau 11, Lamlash 1 and 2, Ayr-
shire 11.

S. Lejolisii, Rke.— EF, Arran, Fairlie 20 and 2.

Stilophora rhizoides, J. Ag. — EF, Arran 16, Bute Rothesay 30, Cum-
brae 1 and 2.

S. tuberculosa, Rke. — F, Cumbrae 2 and 7.

Chordaria divaricata, C. Ag. — F, Cumbrae, Fairlie 2 and 20.

C. flagelliformis, C. Ag. — B E F I J, Gareloch, Arran 2, Bute 1, Cumbrae 8,
Dunoon 1, Kildonan 10, Campbeltown 1.

Mesogloea vermiculata, Le. Jol. — EF J, Kildonan 10, Cumbrae 1, Dunoon
1, Ardrossan 11.

M. lanosa, Crn. — E F, Lamlash (8-10 fathoms) 20, Cumbrae 2.

Castagnea virescens, Thur. — EF, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Wemyss Bay, Salt-
coats, Ardrossan 1.
f. gracilis, Berk. — F, Cumbrae 2.

C. contorta, Thur. — F, Fairlie 20.

C. zosterae, Thur.—E F, Bute, Cumbrae, Seamill 20 and 2.

C. Griffithsiana, J. Ag.—E F, Arran 20, Cumbrae 2, Fairlie 20.

Leathesia difformls, Aresch.— EF, Arran 11, Cumbrae 1 and 2, Searaill 7,
Saltcoats 2.

L. crispa, ITarv.—F, Cumbrae 1 and 6.

SPOROCHNACEA.
Sporochnus pedunculatus, Ag. — E F, Arran 16, Cumbrae 2.

SCYTOSIPHONACEA.

Phyllitis zosterifolia, Rke.—F, Portincross 20.

P. Fascia, Kutz.—E F, Arran 18, Bute 10, Cumbrae 2, Ardrossan 20.

f. debilis, Grev. — F, Cumbrae 2.

Scytosiphon lomentarius, J. Ag.— EFJK, Arran, Bute, Cumbrae 1 & 2,
Kildonan, Ayrheads 1.

f. zostericola, Thur. — F, Cumbrae 2.

CHORDACEAE.

Chorda filum, Stackh. — EFJ, Arran, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 10 etc.
f. subtomentosa, Aresch. — F, Cumbrae 2.

24 MARINE ALGAE.

C. tomentosa, Lyngb. — F, Cumbrae 1, Saltcoats 2.
f. subfulva, Foslie. — F, Cumbrae 20.

LAMINARTACEAE.

Laminaria saccharina, Lam.'-. — BEF, Gareloch 1, Arran, Bute 1, Cumbrae

2, InnelJan 1.
f. phyllitis, Le Jol. — EFJ, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Helensburgh, Kildonan 10.

L. digitata, Edm. — EFJ, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Portincross, Ardrossan 1,
Kildonan 10.

L. hyperborea, Foslie.— ~E F, Bute, Cumbrae 20.

Saccorhiza bulbosa, De la Pyl. — E F J, Cumbrae, Loch Fyne 1 & 2, Kil-
donan 10, Ayrshire 1, Mull of Kintyre 11.

Alaria esculenta, Grev. — E F J, Cumbrae .2, Saltcoats 1, Kildonan 10, South-
end, Kintyre 11.

CUTLERIACEAE.

Cutleria multifida, Grev. — EF, Arran 16, Bute, Cumbrae 1 & 2. (Sporo-
phytic f orm = Aglaozonia reptans, Cm. — E F, Arran 20, Cumbrae 1 & 2,
Loch Fyne 2.)

FUCACEAE.

Fucus ceranoides, L. — BEFJ, Bute 10, Cumbrae 2, Loch Long, Greenock 1,

Kildonan 10, Loch Goil 20.

F. platycarpus, Thur. — B E F, Gareloch, Cumbrae, Kilchattan, Farland 20.
F. vesiculosus, L. — BEFJ, Gareloch, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Innellan 1,

Kildonan 10.

f. laterifructa, Grev. — E, Bute 21 & 1.

f. baltica, J. Ag. — E F, Arran, Bute, Cumbrae, Gourock, Wemyss Bay 1 & 2.
F. serratus, L. — BEFJ, Gareloch, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 10.
f. latifolia, Turn.—'E, Bute 2.
f. laciniata, Grev. — E, Bute 21.
Ascophyllum nodosum, Le Jol. — BEFJK, Gareloch 1, Cumbrae 1 & 2,

Kildonan 10, Ayrheads 1.

A. Mackaii, Holm, et Batt. f. Robertsoni, Batt. E, Loch Ranza 20.
Pelvetia canaliculata, Dene et Thur. BEFJK, Gareloch 20, Bute 22 & 1,

Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 10, Ayrheads 1.
Bifurcaria tuberculata, Stackh. — E, Arran 1.
Himan.th.alia lorea, Lyngb. — EF, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2.
Halidrys siliquosa, Lyngb. — BEFJ, Loch Goil 20, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2,

Toward, Ardrossan 20, Kildonan 10.
Cystoseira ericoides, C. Ag. — FK, Cumbrae 1, Ayrheads 2. (Also Mach-

rihanish Bay 1.)
C. granulata C. Ag. — F, Stevenston 11.

TlLOPTERIDACEAE.

Tilopteris Mertensii, Kutz. — F, Cumbrae, Toward 1 & 2, Saltcoats 4.
Haplospora globosa (Kjellm) Brebner (Scaphospora speciosa Kjellm). — F,

Lion Rock Cumbrae 5.
Achinetospora pusilla, Born. (Ect. pusillus Griff.}. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae

2, Tan Buoy 8.
A. crinita, Batt. (Ect. crinitus Phyc. Brit.) — E F K, Arran, Cumbrae 2,

Gourock 1, Girvan 2.

DlCTYOTACEAE.

Dictyota dichotoma, Lamx. — E F J K, Cumbrae 1, Kildonan 10, Ayrheads

2, Mull of Kintyre 28.
f. implexa. F, Cloch 8.

MARINE ALGAE. 25

D. KHODOPHYCEAE.

I. PORPHYRACEAE.

Bangia fuscopurpurea, Lyngb. — E F K, Arran 1, Portincross 19, Bute, Curn-

brae 1 & 2, Gourock, etc., 1, Girvan 2.
Erythrotrichia carnea, J. Ag.( = Bangia ceramicola, Phyc. Br.), J. Ag.— EF,

Arran, Portincross 1, Cumbrae 1 & 2, Ardrossan, etc., Irvine 11.
f. investiens, Hauck ( = Porphyra eiliaris 20). E, Arran 20, between

Saltcoats and Fairlie 26.

Goniotrichum elegans, Zanard.—F, Cumbrae 1.
Conchocelis rosea, Batt. — F, Cumbrae 20.
Porphyra linearis, Grev. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 1 & 2, Helensburgli 10,

Kirn 1.

P. leucosticta, Thur. — F, Cumbrae 1, Bute 20, Portincross 7.
P. coccinea, J. Ag. — F, Faiiand 20.

P. laciniata, C. Ag. — E F J, Arran, Bute, Skelmorlie, Cumbrae 1 & 2, Helens-
burgh 10, etc., Ardrossan 1.

f. urubilicaJis. B F, Loch Goil, Bute, Portincross, Ardrossan 1.
P. miniata, J. Ag. — F J, Arran, Kildonan 1, Cumbrae, Saltcoats, Irvine 2.
f. amplissima, Foslie. — Cumbrae 20.
f. abyssicola, Kjellm. — F, Cumbrae 2.
f. tenuissima, Foslie. — F, Cumbrae 2.
f. typica, Foslie. — F, Cumbrae, Irvine 2.

II. FLORIDEAE.
Helminthocladiaceae.

Acrochaetium virgatulum, J. Ag. — EF, Arran, Cumbrae, Hunterston 2,
Largs 6, Skelmorlie 1.

A. Daviesii, Ncig. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Largs 1.
. A. secundatum, Niig. — F, Cumbrae, Saltcoats to Fairlie, Ardrossan 20.

A. chyle cladiae, Batt. f. pulchra, Batt. — F, Cumbrae 2.

Nemalion multifidum, J. Ag. — E, Bute 1 (Machrihanish Bay 2).

N. lubricum, Duby. — F, Portincross 20.

Helminthora divaricata, J. J#.— E F, Arran 1 & 2, Ardrossan, Salt-
coats 11.

CHAETANGIACEAE.

Scinaia furcellata, Bivona. — E F, Corriegills 11, Lamlash 16, Cumbrae 2.
f. subcostata, J. Ag. — F, Cumbrae 1 & 2.

GELIDIACEAE.

Choreocolax ^olysiphoniae, Reimch.—~F, Cumbrae, Fairlie to Saltcoats 20.

C. tumidus, Reinsch. — F, Cumbrae 2.

Naccaria Wigghii, Endlich. — F I K, Cumbrae, Fairlie, Campbeltown, Ayr-
heads 1 (also Machrihanish Bay 11).

Harveyella mirabilis, Schmitz & Rice. — F, Fairlie 20.

Gelidium corneum, Lamx.—J F K, Whiting Bay, Arran, Cumbrae, Girvan,

Ayrheads 2.
f. clavifera, Grev. E, Port Bannatyne Bute 2.

G. crinale, J. Ag. — E F, Arran 2, Bute, Cumbrae, Fairlie to Saltcoats 20.
f. polycladium, Hauck. — F, Cumbrae 2.

G. latifolium, Born, et Thur. ( = G. corneum, f. latifolia 1). — E F, Bute, Cum-
brae, Girvan 1.

GlGARTINACEAE.

Chondrus crispus, Stackh. — B E F J K, Gareloch, Arran, Bute 1, Cumbrae,

Ailsa Craig 2, Ayrheads, Portincross, etc. 1.
Oigartina mamillosa, J. Ag. — B E F J, Gareloch 20, Bute, Cumbrae 2,

Kildonan 10, Gourock 11.

26 MARINE ALGAE.

Phyllophora rubens, Grev.—E F, Arran, Bute. 1, Cumbrae 2, Holy Isle,

Ardrossan 1.

P. Brodiaei, J. Ag.—E F, Arran 1, Cumbrae, Holy Isle 2.
P. Traillii, Holm, et Batt.—E F, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2.
P. membranifolia, J. Ag. — B E F, Loch Goil, Arran, Bute 20, Cumbrae 2,

Ardrossan 20.

Actinococcus subcutaneus, Rosenv. — F, Cumbrae 1.
Gymnogongrus norvegicus, J. Ag. — F or K, Ayrshire 11.
Ahnfeltia plicata, Fries.— B E F K, Gareloch 20, Arran 2, Bute 1, Cumbrae,

Ayrheads 20.

Callocolax neglectus, 8chmitz.—E, Arran, 24.
Callophyllis laciniata, Kutz. — I J F, Campbeltowh 2, Kildonan 10, (Machri-

hanish 2).
(Callymenia reniformis, J. Ag. — Machrihanish Bay 11).

RHODOPHYLLIDACEAE.

Cystoclonium purpurascens, Kutz. — B E F I J K, Loch Goil, Arran, Bute

20, Cumbrae, Campbeltown 2, Kildonan 10, Ayrheads 1.
f. cirrhosa, J. Ag. F, Cumbrae 1 tfe 2.

Catenella opuntia, Grev. — F, Cumbrae 2, Ardrossan 11.

Rhodophyllis bifida, Kutz.—E F, Bute 11, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Kilbride,
etc., Saltcoats 1.

R. appendiculata, J. Ag. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 1 & 2.

SPHAEROCOCCACEAE.

Sphaerococcus coronopifolius, Grev. — E F, "Isle of Bute" 11, Arran,
Cumbrae 1, Portincross 11, Ardrossan 16, West Kilbride 11, Heads of
Ayr 20.

Gracilaria confervoides, Grev. — E F, Arran, " Millport in the Isle of Cum-
brae " 1 1 & 2.

Calliblepharis jubata, Kutz. — B E F J, Helensburgh 2, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2,
Ballantrae 15.

C. ciliata, Kutz. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 16.

RHOD YMEN I ACE AE.

Rhodymenia palmetta, Grev. — F, Saltcoats 26, Pladda Isle 11.
f. bifida, Turn. — F J, Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 10, Portincross 7.
R. palmata, Grev. — B E F J, Gareloch 1, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 10,

Ardrossan 20.

f. sobolifera. J. Ag. E, Arran, 1 & 2.
f. laciniata. Holm, et Bait. F, Cumbrae 2.
Lomentaria articulata, Lyngb. — E F J, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 10,

Ardrossan 1.

L. clavellosa, Gaill. — B E F J, Helensburgh 10, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2, Kil-
donan 10, Ardrossan 1.

Champia parvula, Harv. — E F, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Saltcoats 15.
Chylocladia kaliformis, Grev. — E F J, Bute, Cumbrae 1 & 2, 11, Kildonan

1, Ayrshire 11.

C. ovalis, Hook. — F, Dunoon 8.

Plocamium coccineum, Lyngb. — E F J K, Cumbrae 2, Ardrossan 11, Girvan

2, Ballantrae 11, Kildonan 1, Heads of Ayr 20.
f. uncinata, C. Ag. F, Cumbrae 2.

DELESSERIACEAE.

Nitophyllum Gmelini, Grev. — F, Cumbrae 2, Ardrossan 16.

N. laceratum, Gfrev.—B E F J, Helensburgh, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 10..

N. reptans, Crn. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 2.

MARINE ALGAE. 27

N. punctatum, Grev. — E F J, Kildonan 10, Bute, Cumbrae, Saltcoats, Ar-

drossan 1 & 2.

f. ocellata, ./. Ag. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 2.

N. Bonnemaisonii, CJrer.—E F J, Bute 1, Cumbrae, Fairlie 2, Kildonan 10.
Delesseria alata, Lams. — B E F K, Loch Goil, Arran, Bute, Cumbrae 1 & 2,

Ardrossan 1, Girvan 2.
D. hypoglossum, Lamx. — EFJ, Arran, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 10,

Innellan 1.

f. angustifolia, Kutz. — F, Cumbrae 2.

D. ruscifolia, Lamx. — EFJ, Arran 8, Saltcoats 27, Kildonan 10.
D. sinuosa, Lamx. — BEFJ, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Dimoou 1, Ailsa Craig 2,

Ardrossan 1, Loch Goil, Gareloch 20.
f. lingulata, Ag. — Upper Loch Fyne 4.
D. sanguinea, Lamx. — BEFJ, Gareloch, Saltcoats Cumbrae, Kildonan,

Ardrossan 1 & 2.

BOXNEMAISONIACEAE.

Bonnemaisonia asparagoides, C. Ay. — AEFJ, Saltcoats 11, Southend,
Argyleshire 28, Dredged off Skelmorlie 29, Loch Fyne (upper) 20, Cum-
brae, Kildonan 1 & 2.

RHODOMELACEAE.

Rhodomela subfusca, C. Ag.— BE F, Gareloch 29, Arran, Bute 29, Cumbrae

2, Wemyss Bay 1, Ardrossan 2.
R. lycopodioides," C. Ag. — BEFK, Helensburgh 10, Arran, Rothesay 20,

Cumbrae, Ardrossan, Ayr 1 & 2.
Odonthalia dentata, Lyngb. — EFJ, Arran, Cumbrae 1, Kildonan, Kilbride,

etc., Saltcoats 1.
Laurencia obtusa, Lamx. — EFIJK, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Portincross 11,

etc., Girvan 2, Bute 11, Ardrossan 16, Ballantrae 14, Kintyre 11.
L. pinnatifida, Lamx. — EFJK, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 1, Girvan 2.

f. uncmata, Grev. — F, Cumbrae 1.
L. caespitosa, Lamour ( = L. hybrida Lenorm). — E F J, Cumbrae 1, Kyles of

Bute 10, Cumbrae, Seamill 2, Kildonan 10.
Chondria tenuissima, C. Ag. — E F ? Arran 1, Saltcoats 27.
C. dasyphylla, C. Ag.— EF, Arran & Bute 11, Cumbrae 1, Ardrossan 16.
Polysiphonia macrocarpa, Harv. ( = P. pulvinata, Harv. P. sertularioides.

Auct. Angl.) — F J, Cumbrae 1, Ailsa Craig 2, Saltcoats 11.
P. fibrata, Harv. — EF, Arran, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2, Saltcoats 11.
P. urceolata, -Grev. — B EFJ, Gareloch 20, Arran, Cumbrae 6 & 2, Ailsa

Craig 2, Kilchattan 20, Ardrossan 1, Loch Goil 20.
f. patens, J. Ag. — E F J, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 10.
f. formosa, J. Ag. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Bute 11, Portincross 29.
?P. spinulosa, Grev. — F, Cumbrae 2.

P. elongella, Harv. — E F, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Kirn 1, Ardrossan 16, Sea-
mill 20.
P. elongata, Grev. — B E F J K, Loch Goil 20, Arran, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2,

Ayrheads 1.

P.violacea, Wyatt. — EF, Arran, Bute, Cumbrae 2, Holv Isle 1, Irvine 2.
P. fibrillosa/GVey.— B E F, Loch Goil 2, Arran 11, "Bute 1, Cumbrae 2,

Saltcoats 1.

P. furcellata. Hare. ? — F, Cumbrae 1.
P. fastigiata, Grev.— BEF JK, Loch Goil 20, Rothesay 20, Cumbrae 6,

Kildonan, Ayrheads 20.

P. simulans, Harv. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 2.

P. atrorubescens, Grev. — EF, Arran 1, Cumbrae 6, off Port Glasgow 1.
P. SUbulifera, Harv. — E, Lamlash 31.

28 MARINE ALGAE.

P. nigrescens, Grev. — BEF JK, Loch Goil 1, Arran 2, Bute 1, Cumbrae.2,

Kildonan 1, Go u rock 6, Ayr 2, Ardrossan, etc. 20.
P. Brodiaei, Grev. — EFJK, Arran, Bute, Cumbrae 2, Portincross 20, Kil-

donan, Portincross 1, Girvaii 2.
P. fruticulosa, Spreng. — E F, Arran 1, Cumbrae, Portincross 24, Bal-

lantrae 14.

Pterosiphonia thuyoides, Schm. — EF, Arran 1, Portincross 11.
P. parasitica, Schm. — AEFJ, Loch Fyne 20, Ardrossan 16, Portincross 11,

Cumbrae 6, Kildonan 10.
Brongniartella byssoides, Bory. — EF.J, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 10,

Ayrshire 11.
Dasya arbuscula, C. Ag. — E F, Arran 1 Cumbrae 2, Ayrshire 27.

D. coccinea, C. Ag.— EFIJK, Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 10, Ayr 2, Ardrossan,

Southend Kintyre, Ballantrae, etc. 11.
f. tennis, ./. Ag. — A E F, Upper Loch Fyne 20, Arran, Cumbrae 2.

CERAMIACEAE.

Sphondylothamnion multifidum, Naeg. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 1 & 2,
Ardrossan 11.

Spermothamnion Turner!, Aresch. — E F, Arran, Bute 1, Cumbrae 2, Ar-
drossan 1.
f. repens, Le Jol. — E, Arran, Bute 1.

? S. Mesocarpum, Batt. =Callithamnion mesocarpum, Phyc. Bri. — EF, Lam-
lash 32, Cumbrae 2.

Griffithsia corallina, C. Ag.- — EFI, Arrau, Cumbrae 1, Ardrossan 11, Mull
of Kintyre 11, (Machrihanish Bay 11).

G. setacea, C. Ag. — EF J, Cumbraes 2, Portincross 7, Kildonan 10.

Halurus eCLUisetifolius, Kutz. — EK, Arran, Ayrheacls 1.

Monospora pedicellata, Solier. — EF, Arran 11, Cumbrae 2, Saltcoats,
Ardrossan 1.

Rhodochorton Rothii, Naeg. — EF, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Gonrock 1, Saltcoats,
etc. 11, Rothesay 20.

R. floridulum, Naeg. — E F, Arran 1, Cumbrae 6 & 2.

R. membranaceum, Magn. — F, Cumbrae 2.

R. parasiticum, Batt. ( = R. sparsum, Kjellin.). — F, Cumbrae 1.

Callithamnion polyspermum, C. Ag. — B E F, Helensburgh, Arran, Cumbrae
2, Gourock, Ardrossan 2, Saltcoats and Largs 11.

C. roseum, Harv. — E F, Arran, Bute, Cumbrae, Ardrossau 1 & 2.

C. affine, Harv.—RF, Bute, Cumbrae 1 & 2.

C. Hookerii, C. Ag. — EF, Arran 11, Cumbrae, Saltcoats 1 & 2.

C. Brodiaei, Harv.—Ei F, Arrau 1, Cumbrae 2, Saltcoats 11.

C. arbuscula, Lyngb. — E J, Arran 1 & 2, Ballantrae 11.

C. tetragonum, C. Ag. — EF, Arran 11, Cumbrae 2, Ayrshire 11.
f. brachiata, J. Ag. — F, Cumbrae 2, Saltcoats 11, (Machrihanish 1).

C. corymbosum, Lyngb. — E F K, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Gourock etc. 1,
Girvan 2.

C. granulatum, C. Ag. — EFJ, Arran 2, Cumbrae 1, Kildonan 10, West
Kilbride 16, Saltcoats 11.

C. byssoides, Arn. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae 2.

Seirospora Griffithsiana, Zfary.— E, Arran 11, (Ayrshire 16).

Compsothamnion gracillimum, Schmitz. — EF, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2.

Plumaria elegans, Bonnem. — E F, Arran, Ardrossan, Cumbrae 1 and 2,
Rothesay 20.

Ptilota plumosa, J. Ag. — E F I J K, Cumbrae 2, Campbeltown 2, Kildonan 1,
Ayrheads, etc.

Antithamnion cruciatum, Naeg. — E, Lam lash, Arran 2.

A. plumula, Thur. — EF, Arran 11, Cumbrae 2, Ayrshire 11.

MARINE ALGAE. 29

A. floccosum, Kleen. — F, Cunibrae 2, Saltcoats 1.

f. boreale, Kjellm. — E F, Lamlash (8-10 fathoms) 20, Cumbrae 2.
Ceramium tenuissimum, J. Ag. — EF, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Saltcoats 11.
C. Deslongchampsii, Chauv. — EF, Arran 1, Bute, Cumbrae 2, Ardrossan 1.
C. strictum, Harv. — EF, Arran 6 and 2, Cumbrae 2.

f. divaricata, Holm, et Batt. — E F, Arran, Cumbrae, Fairlie 2.
C. diaphamim, Roth. — B E F, Loch Goil 20, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Ardrossan 1.
C. arborescens, J. Ag. — Cunibrae 4.
C. circinatum, J. Ag. — E F, Arran 6 and 1, Cumbrae 2.

C. rubrum, C. Ag. — BEFJ, Gareloch 1, Arran, Cumbrae 2, Gourock 1,
Kildonan 10.

f. prolifera, J. Ag. — EFJ, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Kirn 1, Saltcoats 11,
Kildonan 10, Ardrossan 11.

f. decurrens, ./. Ag. — E J, Arran 1, Dunoon 1, Kildonan 10.
C. acanthonotum, Carm. — EFK, Arran, Portincross 11, Cunibrae 6 & 2,

Gourock, Ayrheads 21, Saltcoats 11.
C. echionotum, •/. Ag. — F, Cumbrae 1, Saltcoats 11.
C. ciliatum, Ducluz. — EF, Arran, Saltcoats 11.
C. flabelligerum, J. Ag.—~FJ, Cumbrae 6 & 2, Largs 2, Ailsa Craig 1.

GLOEOSIPHOXIACEAE.

Gloeosiphonia capillaris, Carm. — EFJ, Arran 11, Cumbrae 2, Ardrossan
11, Kildonan 10.

DUMONTIACEAE.

Dumontia filiformis, Grev. — BEFJ, Gareloch, Loch Goil 20, Arran 1,

Cumbrae 2, Kildonan 10.

f. crispata, J. Ag. — F, Cunibrae 2, Saltcoats 11.
Dudresnaia coccinea, Bonnem. — EF, Arran 11, Cumbrae, Holy Isle 2,.

Saltcoats 11.
Dilsea edulis, Stackh. — EFJ, Arran 1, Cunibrae 2, Kildonan 10.

NEMASTOMACEAE.

Halarachnion ligulatum, Kutz (-- Halymenia ligulata, Ag.}— EFIK,
Arran, Cumbrae 16, Portincross 11, Girvan 1, Southend, Kintyre 28.

Furcellaria fastigiata, Lamx. — EFJK, ("'umbrae 6 & 10, Kildonan 10,
Ayrheads, Rothesay 20.

RHIZOPHYLLIDACEAE.

Polyides rotundus, Grev. — B EFJ, Loch Goil 20, Cumbrae 2, Lady Isle,
Kildonan 1.

SQUAMARIACEAE.

Petrocelis cruenta, J. Ag. — B F, Loch Goil 20, Cumbrae 2, Gourock 6.

P. Hennedyi, Batt. — F, Cumbrae 6 & 2.

Cnioria pellita, Lyngb. — B E F, Loch Goil, Bute 20, Kilcreggan, Wemyss

Bay, Cumbrae, Saltcoats 2.
Cruoriella Dubyi, Schmitz (= Peyssonnelia Dubyi, Cm.). — E, Lamlash 11,

Bute 20, Cumbrae 2.

HlLDEXBRAXDTIACEAE.

Hildenbrandtia prototypus, Nardo. — B E F, Loch Goil 20, Arran 2, Bute

20, Cumbrae 2, Saltcoats 2.
f. rosea, Kutz. — EF, Arran 1, Cumbrae 2, Kirn, Ardrossan 1.

CORALLINACEAE.

Melobesia membranacea, Lam.v, F, Cumbrae 2, Largs 1.

M. pustulata, Latnx.— F, Cumbrae 2.

M. confervicola, Holm, et Batt. — F, Cumbrae 1.

30 MARINE ALCiAK.

M. corticiformis, Ka-tz.— F, ('umbrae, Fairlie— Saltcoats 20;

M. farinosa, Lnm.c. — EF, Lainlash, Cumbrae 20.

M. Laminariae, Crn. — EF, Bute, Cumbrae, Fairlie to Saltcoats 20.

M. Corallinae, Crn. — F, Cumbrae. Between Saltcoats and Fairlie 20.

Lithophyllum lichenoides, Phil. — F, Cumbrae 2.

L. Lenormandi, Kosenv. — B E F, Loch Goil, Bute, Cumbrae 20.

L. Battersii, Foslie. — Cumbrae 3.

L. calcareum, Aresch. — F, Cumbrae 2, Innellan 1.

L. flabellatum. f. Granii, Foslie. — E, Port Bannatyne, Bute 3.

L. polymorphum, Aresch. — EF, Arran 1, Cumbrae 10.

L. corallpides, Crn.— EF, Kyles Bute (8-10 fath.) 20, Cumbrae 2.

f. subsimplex, Batt. — E F, Arran 20, Cumbrae 2.

f. australis, Foslie. — F, Cumbrae 3.
L. colliculosum, Foslie. — B E F, Gareloch, Bute 20, Cumbrae 2.

f. roseum, Batt. — F, ('umbrae 5.
L. incrustans, Foslie. — E F J, Whiting Bay, Arran 2, Cumbrae 3.

f. Harveyi, Foslie. — F, Cumbrae 3.

L. orbiculatum, Foslie. — E F, Kyles Bute 2, Arran, Seamill 3.
L. Sonderi, Hauck. — -^ F, Kyles Bute 2, Cumbrae 3.
Corallina officinalis, L. — E F J K, Cumbraes 2, Kildonan 10, Wemyss

Bay, etc., 1.
C. rubens, Ellis et >Sol.—E F J K, Arran, Cumbrae 2, and Salcoats 11, Girvan

1, Ballantrae 11.
C. squamata, Ellis. — F J, Portincross 1, Kildonan 10.

Species recorded on insufficient evidence, waifs, etc.
Lyngbya Meneghiniana, Gom. — F, Cumbrae 2.
Anabaena? Broomii, (Tlnv.). — E, Arran 8.
Schizothrix Cresswellii, Harv. — F, Cumbrae 2.
Asperococcus compressus, Griff. — E, Kildonan 10.
Striaria fragilis, J. Ag. — F, Cumbrae 8.
Laminaria longicruris, Dela Pyl. — F, Saltcoats 11.
Grigartina acicularis, Lamour.—Ei F, Arran (Lamlash), Ardrossan 2.
Nitophyllum versicolor, Harv. — E F, Lamlash, Cumbrae 2.
Seirospora (Callithamnion) intermpta, Schm. — E, Arran 11.
Grateloupia filicina, Ag. — F, Cumbrae 2.
Lithothamnion fasciculatum, Aresch. — E, Lamlash, Arran 2.

DIATOMS.

THE following list has been drawn up by Mr. T. Comber from materials
supplied by Dr. Thompson and others ; from slides of Professor Walker
Arnott, and others in his own collection ; and from two nettings in the
Firth of Clyde supplied by Dr. Murray. The works of Professor Gregory of
Edinburgh, and the herbaria of Professors Walker Arnott, and R. Henuedy
have also been consulted. Rev. Dr. Landsborough, of Kilmarnock, also
supplied a MS. list of his own and the late Dr. Landsborough's collections.
All the findings recorded since the list was begun have been verified by
Mr. Comber, except a few which wrere named by Mr. W. West, and which
occurred in collections of Freshwrater Algae.

REFERENCE KEY.

G.= Professor Gregory, Papers in Trans, and Proc. Roy. Soc., Edin., vols.

3, 4, and 5.

M. = Dr. Murray, Trans, and Quart. Journ. Micro. Sc., vols. 3, 4, and 5.
W. A. = Walker Arnott Collection (Glasgow University).
H. = Kennedy Collection (Technical College, Glasgow).
J. P. =John Paterson, Esq., Rutherglen.
J.C.T. = J. C. Thompson.
L. = Dr. Landsborough, MS.
Sm. = Prof essor Wm. Smith, Syn. Brit. Diat.
S.E.=G. F. Scott Elliot.
T.=J. M. B. Taylor, Esq.
R. =John Rattray, Esq.

V. H. = Van Heurcke, Textbook of Diatomaceae.
D* in localities = " Cantyre Peat " may be in D, E, or I districts.

Amphiprora paludosa, Km. — ABF, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ;
Cumbrae, W. A.

A. alata, Kutz. var. pulchra, Bail. — A F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Curnbrae,
W.A.

Auricula insecta, Cl. — F, Tarbert, J. C. T. ; Curnbrae, W. A.

A. decipiens, Cl. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, Cumbrae,
W.A.

A. complexa, Cl. — AE, Loch Fyne, W. A. ; Arran, G.

Tropidoneis lepidoptera, Cl. — ABF, Glenshira, G. ; Gareloch, M. ; Cum-
brae, W. A. & J. P.
var. pusilla, Greg. — A, Loch Fyne, G.

T. maxima, Cl. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.

T. elegans, Cl. — A, Loch Fyne, Glenshira Sand, G.

T. Van Heurckii, Cl.— B, Loch Goil, M.

32 DIATOMS.

T. vitrea, CL— A B, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M.
T. recta, CL — A G, Glenshira Sand and Clyde, G.
Pleurosigma nubecula, Sm.~— F, Cumbrae, H. & W. A.

var. intermedia, Sm. — A F, Cumbrae, H. ; Glenshira, G.
P. directum, Grun. — B, Loch Goil, M.
P. naviculaceum, Breb. — AEF, Loch Fyne, Lamlash, G. ; Cumbrae, H. ;

Upper Loch Fyne, M.

P. lanceolatum, Donk. — A F, Loch Fyne, Cumbrae, W. A.
P. marinum, DonL — F, Cumbrae, H. & W. A.

P. delicatulum, Sm. — A B E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash, G. ; Gareloch, M.
P. elongatum, Sm. — B F, Loch Goil, Gareloch, M. ; Cumbrae, H.
P. rigidum, Sm. — AEF, Glenshira Sand, Lamlash, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
P. Normanni, Ralfs. — B F, Loch Goil, M. ; Cumbrae, H.
P. angulatum, Sm. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.

var. strigosa, Sm. — ABEF, Glenshira, G. ; Loch Goil, Kyles Bute, M. ;

Cumbrae, W. A.

P. aestuarii, Sm. — B, Gareloch, M.

P. obscurum, Sm. — A?E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
P. falcatum, Donk. — F, Cumbrae, H.
P. decorum, Sm. — A F, Loch Fyne, Cumbrae, W. A.
P. formosum, Sm. — A E, Glenshira, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, M ; Tarbert,

J. C. T.

Caloneis lepidula, Cl. — G, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, Hamilton, W. A.
C. bacillaris, Cl. — A, Crinan, W. A.

C. fasciata, Cl.— E J, Tighnabruaigh Glen, W. A. ; Ailsa Craig, J. P.
C. silicula, Cl.—K, Falls of Clyde, W. A.

var. gihberula, Kutz. — AFDG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gourock, W. A. ; St.
Germains, J. P. ; Cantyre Peat, Sm.

var. limosa, Kutz. — H, Falls of Clyde, W. A.

var. inflata, Grim. — B, Gareloch, M.

var. subinflata, Grun. — A G, Crinan, W. A. ; Cathkin, J. P.
C. Schumanniana, Cl. — E, Kyles Bute, M.
C. obtusa, Cl. — A, Glenshira, G.

C. liber, CL— A B E F, Loch Fyne, G. &M. ; Gareloch, M. ; Arran, H. & G. ;
Cumbrae, W. A. & H.

var. bicuneata, Grun. — A F, Glenshira, G. ; Cumbrae, H.

var. linearis. A F G, Glenshira, G. ; Cumbrae, Hamilton, W. A.
C. formosa, Cl. — A F, Glenshira and Clyde, G.

C. amphisbaena, Cl. — A E J G K, Glenshira, G. ; Arran, Prestwick, W. A. ;
Cambuslang, Ailsa Craig, J. P.

var. subsalina, Cl. — B, Gareloch, M. (Powburn mouth, W. A.).
C. brevis, Cl. — A E F, Lamlash, Loch Fyne, G. ; Cumbrae, H.
C- blanda, Cl. — A, Glenshira, G.
C. musca, Cl.—F, Clyde, G.

Neidium iridis, Cl. — A E F G, Glenshira, G. ; Gourock, Cumbrae, W. A. ; St.
Germains, J. P. ; Arran, H.

var. amphigomphus Ehr. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.

N. affine, Cl. — A F G, Glenshira, G. ; Glasgow Gardens, W. A. ; Cambus-
lang, J. P. ; Gourock, W. A.

var. amphirhynchus, Ehr. — F, Castle Semple Loch, S. E.
N. dubium, Cl. — G, Cambuslang, J. P.
Stenoneis inconspicua, Cl. — A 1 E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash G.
Gyrosigma acuminatum, Cl. — FG, Saltcoats, H ; Cambuslang, J. P.
G. attenuatum, Cl. — A B D*, Glenshira, G. ; Gareloch, M. ; Cantyre

Peat, Sm.

G. distortum, Cl. — A, Glenshira, G.
G. fasciola, Cl. var. (Pleurosigma arcuatum, Donk.}. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.

DIATOMS. 33

G. prolongatum, Cl. — B F, Cumbrae, H. ; Gareloch, M.

G. Spenceri, Cl. — GH, Clyde Ironworks, H., W. A. ; Glasgow Gardens,
W. A. ; Rutherglen, Corra Linn, J. P.

G. balticum, CL — A, Glenshira Sand, G.

G. diminutum, CL, var. reversa, Greg. — A, Loch Fyne, G.

G. rectum, Cl. — B F, Gareloch, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.

Frustulia vulgaris, Cl. — F G, Perceton, Glasgow, W. A. ; Gourock, Cath-
kin, J. P.

F. rhomboides, Cl. — A B E G H, Glenshira, G. ; Ben Lomond, H. ; Kyles

Bute, M. ; Castlecary, AV. A. ; Corra Linn, J. P.

var. crassinervis, Breb. — A E G H, Glenshira, G. ; Lamlash, H. ; Castle-
cary, W. A. ; Corra Linn, J. P.
var. viridula, Breb. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.
var. saxonica. B, Ben Lomond, J. P. & W. W.

Brebissonia Boeckii, Grun. — E, Brodick, W. A. & H.

Amphipleura rutilans, CL — E F, Arran, Bute, W. A. ; Cumbrae, H.

A. micans, Cl. var. fragilis, Cl. — F, Cumbrae, H., W. A.

A. pellucida, Kutz. — A E F H, Glenshira, G. ; Arran, Saltcoats, Falls of
Clyde, AY. A.

Anomoeoneis serians, CL — E, Goatfell, Brodick, W. A.

Pseudo-amphiprora stauroptera, CL — A, Loch Fyne, G.

Trachyneis aspera, CL — A F, Cumbrae, Loch Fyne, AV. A.

var. pulchella, Sm. — ABEFJ, Glenshira, G. ; Gareloch, M. ; Arran, W. A. ;
Cumbrae, W. A. ; Ailsa Craig, J. P.

T. clepsydra, CL — B, Gareloch, M.

Diploneis hyalina, CL—A. B E F, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, M. ; Arran,
Cumbrae, W. A.

D. coffeaeformis, CL — A B, Upper Loch Fyne, Loch Goil, M.

D. suborbicularis, CL — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash, G ; Cumbrae, W. A.

D. constricta, CL — F, Cumbrae, AY. A.

D. incurvata, Cl. — A E F, Glenshira, Lamlash, G. ; Cumbrae, H. & W. A.

D. interrupta, Ehr. — A B, Loch Fyne, W. A. ; Gareloch, M.

D. lineata, Cl. — A F, Upper Loch Fyne, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.

D. splendida, CL — A E, Glenshira, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, M. ; Lamlash, G.

D. bpmboides, CL — F, Cumbrae, AY. A.

D. didyma, CL — A B E F, Glenshira, G. ; Gareloch, M. ; Arran, H. ; Cumbrae,

H. & J. P.
var. costata. F, Clyde, G.

D. bombus, Ehr. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.

D. chersonensis, CL — F, Cumbrae, H. & W. A.

D. elliptical— A D* E F G, Crinan, W. A. ; Kyles Bute, M. ; Cumbrae, H. ;
Cathkin, J. P. ; Cantyre Peat, Sm.

D. ovalis, Cl. — A E G H L, Crinan, "W. A. ; Tighnabruaigh, M. ; Cathkin,

J. P. ; Falls Clyde, W. A. & J. P. ; Dumfries House, W. A.
var. oblongella. E G, Arran, W. A. ; Cathkin, J . P.

D. Graeffii, CL— F, Cumbrae, W. A.

D. fusca, Cl. — A B E F, Loch Fyne, G. ; Gareloch, M. ; Lamlash, E. ; Cum-
brae, W. A.

D. aestiva, CL— E F, Cumbrae, Loch Fyne, W. A.

D. litoralis, Cl.—F, Cumbrae, W. A.

D. hyperborea, CL — B, Gareloch, M.

D. Smithli, CL— ABF, Glenshira, G. ; Loch Goil, M. ; Cumbrae, H. & J. P.

D. major, Cl. — AF, Upper Loch Fyne, M. ; Cumbrae, H.

D. nitescens, CL — A E, Loch Fyne and Lamlash Bay, G.

D. crabro, Ehr.— AEF, Loch Fyne, W. A. ; Arran," H. & W. A. ; Cumbrae,

AY. A. ; Firth of Clyde, H.

var. pandora, Breb. — A E, Glenshira Sand and Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.

C

34 DIATOMS.

Pinnularia gracillima, Greg. — J G H, Ailsa Craig and Eutherglen, J. P. ;

Castlecary, W. A.

P. leptosoma, Cl. — F G, Cum brae, W. A. ; Cathkin, J. P.
P. appendiculata, Cl. — B E F G, Gareloch and Kyles of Bute, M. ; Cumbrae,

W. A. ; Maryhill Bridge, H.

P. subcapitata, Greg.— A. J, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Ailsa Craig, J. P.
P. interrupta, Sm. — E J G, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Ailsa Craig, Eutherglen,

St. Germains Loch, J. P.
P. mesolepta, Ehr. — A D* F G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Canty re Peat, Sm. ;

Perceton Well, W. A. ; Eutherglen, J. P.
P. globiceps, Greg. — A, Dubh Loch, Glenshira, G.
P. microstauron, CL — A G H, Crinan, W. A. ; Cathkin, J. P. ; Castlecary,

W.A.

P. hemiptera, Breb. — J, Ailsa Craig, J. P.
P. Brebissonii, Ktz. — A E G, Crinan, W. A. ; Kyles of Bute, M. ; Possil, J. P.

var. stauroneiformis, CL — G, Barrhead, W. A.

P. divergens, Sm. — A B, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Ben Laoigh, "W. W.
P. borealis, Ehr. — A J F G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Ailsa Craig, J. P. ; Cum-
brae, Saltcoats, W. A. ; Partick, H. ; St. Germains Loch, Cathkin, J. P.
var. scalaris, Grun. — J, Ailsa Craig, J. P.
P. lata, Sm. — A J. Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, M. : Ailsa Craig,

J.P.

P. alpina, Sm. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.

P. gibba, Ehr. — A D*, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Can tyre Peat, Sm.
P. tabellaria, Ehr. — E F, Lamlash, Perceton Well, W. A. ; Lochwinnoch,

S. E. & W. W.

P. parva, Greg. — H, Castlecary, W. A.
P. stauroptera, Rabh. — G, Eutherglen, J. P.
P. major, Rabh.— A. B D* E J F G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ;

Lamlash, Saltcoats, W. A. ; Cumbrae, H. ; Ailsa Craig, Cathkin, J. P.
P. viridis, Ehr.— A. B D* E J F G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Crinan, Lamlash,

Saltcoats, W. A. ; Gareloch, M. ; Canty re Peat, Sm. ; Ailsa Craig, St.

Germains Loch, Corra Linn, J. P. ; Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. ; Loch-
winnoch, S. E. & W. W.
var. fallax, Grun. — B J G, Gareloch, M. ; Ailsa Craig, Cathkin, St.

Germains Loch, J. P.
var. commutata, Grun. — E F G H L, Tighnabruaich Glen, Castlecary,

Dumfries House, W. A. ; Castle Sample Loch, S. E. ; St. Germains

Loch, J. P.
P, nobilis, Ehr.—D* F G, Can tyre Peat, Sm. ; Saltcoats, W. A. ; Clarkston,

St. Germains Loch, J. P.
P. cardinalis, Sm. — D*, Cantyre Peat, Sm.
P. quadratarea, CL — A, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, M.

var. Theelii, Cl. — A, Upper Loch Fyne, M.
P. claviculus, Greg. — A F, Loch Fyne, G. & H. ; Cumbrae, H.
P. trevelyana, Rbh. — B, Gareloch, M.

P. rectangulata, Rbh. — E F, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
Navicula gregaria, Donk.—F G, Saltcoats, Hunterston, Anniesland Toll,

W.A.
N. cuspidata, Ktz. — D* G, Cantyre Peat, Sm. ; St. Germains Loch, Cambus-

lang, J. P.

N. crucigera, CL — F, Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
N. minima, Grun. — G, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, W. A.

var. atomoides, Grun. — G, Cathkin, J. P.
N. seminulum, Grun.— E, Tighnabruaich Glen, W. A.

N. Rotoeana, Grun. — B E G, Gareloch, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Lanarkshire, G.
var. oblongella, Grun. — B E, Gareloch, Kyles of Bute, M.

DIATOMS. 35

N. mutica, Ktz. var. Goeppertiana, Grun. — A G, Crinan, W. A. ; Cathkin,

J.P.

var. Cohnii, Hilse. — G, Cathkin, J. P.
N. pupula, Ktz. — B E F G, Gareloch, M. ; Arran, Glasgow Botanic Gardens,

W. A.; Castle Semple Loch, S. E. ; Cambuslang, St. Germains Loch,

J.P.
N. contenta, Grun. var. biceps, Grun. — F G, Gourock, H., W. & G. S W. •

Mary hill, H.

N. confervacea, Grun. — G, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, W. A.
N. inornata, Grun. — B F, Loch Goil, M. ; Cumbrae, H.
N. fusoides, Grun. — E, Kyles of Bute, M.
N. semen, Ehr. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.
N. crucicula, Donk. — A D* E, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Canty re Peat, Sm. ;

Arran, W. A.
N. Integra, Rlfs. — E F G K, Arran, Cumbrae, W. A. ; Cambuslaag, J. P ;

Ayr, H.
N. rhombica, Greg. — A B F G, Glenshira Sand and Clyde, G. ; Gareloch, M. ;

Perceton Well, Saltcoats, Cumbrae, W A. ; Auld Wives' Lift, H.
N. Grevillei, Donk. — B, Loch Goil, M.
N. libellus, Greg.—B E F, Gareloch, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Lamlash Bay, G. ;

Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
N. complanata, Grun. — B, Loch Goil, M.
N. aponina, Ktz. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.
N. Bulnheimii, Grun. — A E, Crinan, Moneymore, W. A.
N. muralis, Grun. forma lanceolata. — B, Gareloch, M.
N. atoinus, Grun. — F, Beith, H.

N. minuscula, Grun. — A E, Crinan, W. A. ; Kyles of Bute, M.
N. bacillum, Ehr. var (= N. lepida, Greg.) — EG, Arran, Hamilton H. ; St.

Germains Loch, J. P.

N. pseudobacillum, Grun. — A, Upper Loch Fyne, M.
N. placenta, Ehr. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
N. cocconeiformis, Greg. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.
N. gottlandica, Grun. — F, Kilmalcolm, S. E.

N. cryptocephala, Ktz. — AEGH, Crinan, Corrygills, W. A. ; Botanic Gar-
dens, W. A. & H. ; Kyles of Bute, M. ; Cathkin, Tillietudlem, Corra

Linn, J. P.

var. veneta, Ktz. — G H, Cathkin, Corra Linn, J. P.
N. rhynchocephala, Ktz. — E F G, Arran, W. A. ; Castle Semple Loch, S. E. ;

Rutherglen, St. Germains Loch, J. P.
N. viridula,^/ite. — EFG, Arran, Kyles of Bute, W. A. ; Cumbrae, H. ;

Castle Semple Loch, S. E. ; St. GeVmains Loch, J. P.
forma minor. G, Eutherglen, J. P.

var. slesvicensis, Grun. — E G, Arran, W. A. ; Rutherglen, Possil, J. P.
var. rostellata, Ktz. — A F, Crinan, Cumbrae, W. A. ; Clyde, G.
N. hungarica, Grun. var. capitata, Grun.—B E, Gareloch, Arran, W. A.

var. humilis, Donk. — G, St. Germains Loch, J. P.
N. cincta, Ktz. — FGH, Saltcoats, Barrhead Railway, Anniesland Toll,

W. A. ; Cambuslang, Corra Linn, J. P.
N. radiosa, K tz.— A B D* E F G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, Kyles of

Bute, M. ; Cantyre Peat, Sm. ; Largs, W. A. ; St. Germains Loch,

Corra Linn, J. P.
var. acuta, Sm.— A D* E G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Possil, W. A. & H. ;

Kyles of Bute, M. ; St. Germains Loch, Corra Linn, J. P.
N. gracilis, Ehr. — A F G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Perceton Well, Saltcoats,

W. A. ; Cambuslang, H. ; Rutherglen, J. P.

var. schizonemoides, CL— ABG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ; Cam-
buslang, H. : Cathkin, J. P.

36 DIATOMS.

N. peregrina, Ktz. — AFG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, M. ;

Mill port, J. P. ; Paisley, T. & W. W.
var. menisculus, Schum. — B, Gareloch, M.
var. upsaliensis, Grun. — E, Kyles of Bute, M.
N. maculosa, Donk. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.
N. tuscula, Ehr. — AD*F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Cantyre Peat, Sm. ; Cum-

brae, H.
N. digito-radiata, Rlfs. var. cyprinus, Ktz. — ABE, Glenshira Sand, G;

Loch Fyne, Arran, W. A. ; Loch Goil, Gareloch, M.
N. oblonga, Ktz. — A G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; St. Germains Loch, J. P.
N. capitata, Ehr. ? — F, Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
N. lanceolata, Ktz. — A E J F G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, W. A. ; Ailsa

Craig, Millport, St. Germains Loch, J. P.
N. anglica, Rlfs.—F, Gourock, W. A.

N. gastrum, Ktz. — A E, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, W. A.
N. directa, Rlfs. — A B E F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, Gare-
loch, Loch Goil, M. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T. ; Millport, J. P.
var. remota, Cl. — A B E F, Glenshira Sand, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ;

Gareloch, M.

var. subtilis, Cl. — A, Loch Fyne, W. A.
N. ramosissima, Cl.—F, Millport, J. P.
N. jejuna, A. 8. — B, Loch Goil, M.
N. cancellata, Donk. — ABF, Upper Loch Fyne, Loch Goil, Gareloch, M. ;

Cumbrae, W. A.

var. Gregorii, Cl. — B F, Gareloch, M. ; Cumbrae, H.
var. retusa, Breb. — ABF, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Loch Goil, M. ; Saltcoats,

W.A.

N. pectinalis, Breb. — E F, Arran, Saltcoats, W. A. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
N. inflexa, Rlfs. — A B E, Glenshira Sand, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ;

Gareloch M.
N. Northumbrica, Donk. — ABE, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, Kyles of

Bute, M.
N. fortis, Rlfs.— A. F, Glenshira Sand, Clyde, G.

var. ( = Pinnularia curta, Sm.). — F, Cumbrae, W.A.
N. crucifera, Grun.— B F, Gareloch, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
N. Solaris, Greg. — A, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, M.
N. distans, Rlfs.— ABF, Loch Fyne, W. A. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H. ; Gare-
loch, Loch Goil, M.

N. scutelloides, Sm. — D*, Cantyre Peat, Sm.

N. pusilla, Sm. — AFG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Cumbrae, Maryhill, H.
N. humerosa, Breb. — AEF, Glenshira Sand, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ;

Corrygill, Saltcoats, W. A. ; Cumbrae, H.

N. granulata, Breb. — ABEF, Glenshira Sand, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ;
Gareloch, Loch Goil, M. ; Corrygill, Cumbrae, W. A.
latissima, Greg. — AEF, Glenshira Sand, Clyde, G. ; Lamlash, W.A. ;
Arran, H.

N. lacustris, Greg. — A, Crinan, W.A.
N. marina, Rlfs. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.

var. Cluthensis, Greg. — E, Lamlash Bay, G.
N. Scandinavica, CI.—E, Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.
N. Baileyana, Grun. — ? F, Cumbrae, W. A.
N. praetexta, Ehr.— A. E F, Glenshira Sand, Lamlash Bay, G. & W. A. ;

Cumbrae, W. A. & H.

N. Hennedyi, Sm.— AEF, Glenshira Sand, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Upper Loch
Fyne, M. ; Holy Isle, W.A. ; Cumbrae, H. & W.A. ; Firth of Clyde, H.
var. nebulosa, Greg.— E, Lamlash Bay, G. & W. A. ; Holy Isle, W. A.
N. spectabilis, Greg.— EF, Lamlash Bay, G. & W. A. : Cumbrae, W. A. & H.

DIATOMS. 37

N. abrupta, Donk. — ABEF, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Gareloch, Loch

Goil, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.

N. clavata, Greg. — A E, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Lamlash, W. A.
N. lyra, Ehr. — A E F, Glenshira Sand, Loch Fvne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Inver-

cloy, W. A. ; Cumbrae, W.A. & H.
N. pygmaea, Ktz. — A E G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Corrygill, Annieslancl Toll,

W.A.

N. forcipata, Grev. — E F, Lamlash Bay, Grev. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
N. elegans, Sm. — A E K, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Corrygill, W. A. ; Ayr, H.
N. palpebralis, Breb. — F, Cumbrae, W. A. & H.

var. angulosa, Greg. — A B F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Loch Goil, M. ; Cum-
brae, H.

var. minor, Greg. — A, Loch Fyne, G.

var. Barclayana, Greg. — ABE, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Gareloch, M.

var. semiplena, Donk.—R E, Loch Goil, M. ; Lamlash Bay, Grev.
N. exilis, Ktz.—F, Cumbrae, H. W. & G. S. W.

N. (Schizonema) Smithii, Sm. — EF, Arran, Cumbrae, Saltcoats, W. A.
N. amphirhynchus, Ktz. — B, Ben Laoigh, W. W.
Scoliopleura latestriata, Grun. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.
S. Westii, Grun.— AE F, Glenshira Sand, Clyde, G. ; Corrygill, W.A.
Stauroneis salina, Sm. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.
S. Gregorii, Rlfs. — AF, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
S. Anceps, Ehr. — BFGK, Loch Goil, M. ; Saltcoats, Clyde Iron Works,

Prestwick, W. A. ; Fossil, H. ; St. Germain s Loch, J. P.
S. phoenicenteron, Ehr. — AD*FG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Canty re Peat,
Sm. ; Lochwinnoch, S. E. & W. W. ; St. Germains Loch, J. P.

var. gracilis, Ehr. — AD*FG, Crinan, Clyde Iron Works, W. A. ; Cantyre
Peat, Sm. ; Cumbrae, H. ; Possil, W. A. & H. ; Gourock, Rutherglen, J. P.
S. Smithii, Grun.—G, Clyde Iron Works, W. A.
S. acuta, Sm. — D*G, Cantyre Peat, Sm. ; St. Germains Loch, J. P.
Mastogloia splendida, Cl. — E, Lamlash Bay, G.
M. Smithii, Thw.—F H, Cumbrae, Castlecary, W. A.

var. capitata, Grev. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.

M. Danseii, T/iw.—AF, Glenshira Sand, G. : Cumbrae, W.A. & H.
M. lanceolata, Sm.—E F, Arran, W. A. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H., & J. P.

forma elliptica, V. H. — A E, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, W. A.
Gomphonema parvulum, Ktz. — ABFG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ;
Kilmalcolm, S. E. ; Cathkin, J. P.

var. micropus, Ktz. — G, Glasgow, V. H.

var. tenella, Ktz. — BD*, Gareloch, M. ; Cantyre Peat, Sm.
G. angustafum, Ag. — BFG, Gareloch, M. ; Kilmalcolm, S. E. ; Rutherglen,
J.P.

var. producta, Grun. — F G, Kilmalcolm, S. E. ; Cathkin, J. P.

var. aequalis, Greg. — E G, Kyles of Bute, M. & W. A. ; Lanarkshire, G.

var. sarcophagus, Greg. — E G, Arran, W. A. ; Lanarkshire, G.

var. angustissima, Grun. — F, Kilmalcolm, S. E.

G. intricatum, Ktz. — A B E F G, Crinan, Tighnabruaich Glen, Moneymore,
W. A. ; Gareloch, M. ; Kilmalcolm, S. E. ; St. Germains Loch, J. P.

var. vibrio, Ehr. — E, Loch Ranza, W. A.

var. pumila, Grun. — G, Cathkin, J. P.

var. dichotoma, Ktz. — ABE, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ; Tighna-
bruaich Glen, W. A. & H.

var. pulvinata, Br. — A, Upper Loch Fyne, M.
G. subtile, Ehr. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.
G. gracile, Ehr. — G, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, W. A. & H.

var. aurita, Br.—S., Falls of Clyde, W. A.

var. hebridensis, Greg. — A. E, Crinan, W. A. ; Kyles of Bute, M.

38 DIATOMS.

G. lanceolatum, Ehr. — A E, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Kyles of Bute, W. A.

G. acuminatum, Ehr. — ACEFG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gourock, St. Ger-

mains Loch, J. P. ; Kyles of Bute, M. ; Carmyle, W. A. & J. P.
var. coronata, Ehr. — AG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Robroyston, Rutherglen,

J.P.

var. clavus, Breb. — G, St. Germains Loch, J. P.
G. mustela, Ehr. — H, Corra Linn, J. P.

G. subclavatum, Grun. — JG, Ailsa Craig, Cathkin, Cambuslang, J. P.
G. clavatum, Ehr. — G, Cathkin, J. P.
G. cristatum, Rlfs. — A, Glenshira Sand, G,
G. constrictum, * Ehr. — AFG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Crinan, Cnmbrae, Car-

myle, W. A. ; Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. ; Castle Seniple Loch, S. E. ;

Gourock, St. Germaius Loch, J. P.
var. capitata, Ehr. — G, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, W. A. ; St. Germains

Loch, J. P.
G. geminatum, Aq. — ABEFGH, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, Kyles of

Bute, M. ; Falls of Clyde, W. A. ; Bowling, H. ; Cambuslang, J. P.
G. olivaceum, Ehr. — E F G H, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Cumbrae, Possil Marsh,

H. ; Robroyston, Corra Linn, J. P.
G. exiguum, Ktz. var. minutissima, Ktz. — B E, Loch Goil, Kyles of

Bute, M.

Cymbella cesatii, Grun. — A E, Crinan, Arran, W. A. ; Kyles of Bute, M.
C. angustata, Cl. — BEG, Gareloch, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Cathkin, J. P.
C. delicatula, Ktz. — E G, Moneymore, W. A. ; Cathkin, J. P.
C. laevis, Nag. — E, Arran, W. A.
C. rupicola, Grun. — A E, Crinan, Moneymore, W. A.

C. Ehrenbergii, Ktz.—AG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; St. Germains Loch, J. P.
C. amphicepliala, Nag. — E G, Arran, Clyde Iron Works, W. A. ; St. Ger-
mains Loch, J. P.
C. naviculaeformis, Auers. — ABD*EF, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ;

Cantyre Peat, Sm. ; Corrygill, W. A. ; Castle Semple Loch, S. E.
C. prostrata, Cl. — AGH, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Bowling, Falls of Clyde,

W. A. ; St. Germains Loch, S. E. & J. P. ; Carmyle, J. P.
C. turgida, Greg.—E E F G, Gareloch, M. ; Kyles of Bute, Cumbrae, W. A. ;

Cathkin, J.'P.
C. ventricosa, Ktz. — A BEFGH, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Kyles of Bute, Loch

Goil, M. ; Gourock, Corra Linn, J. P. ; Avon, G. & W. A.
C. gracilis, Cl. ( = C. Scotica, Sm.) — A CE F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch

Fyne, M. ; Crinan, Cumbrae, W. A. & H. ; Campsie Glen, Goat Fell,

W.A.

C. lacustris, Cl. — H, Corra Linn, J. P.
C. aequalis, Greg. — AEGH, Crinan, Falls of Clyde, W. A. ; Kyles of Bute,

M. ; Lanarkshire, G. ; Cambuslang, J. P.
C. sinuata, Greg. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.

C. affinis, Ktz. — A JG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Ailsa Craig, Cathkin, J. P.
C. parva, Cl. — AEFGH, Criuan, W.A. ; Kyles of Bute, M. ; Castle Seniple

Loch, S. E. ; Cathkin, Corra Linn, J. P.
C. cymbiformis, V. H.— ABD*E JFGH, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Hanging-

shaw, W.A. ; Cumbrae, W.A. & H. ; Gareloch, M. ; Ailsa Craig, Corra

Linn, J. P.
C. cistula, V. H. — A JFGK, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Ailsa Craig, St. Germaius

Loch, J. P. ; Cumbrae, W. A. ; Ayrheads, L.
var. maculata, V. H. — A D* E F G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Cantyre Peat, Sni. ;

Kyles of Bute, Saltcoats, Avon, W. A. ; Gourock, St. Germaius Loch,

J.'P.
C. lanceolata, V. H. — AD*FG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Cantyre Peat, Sm. ;

Cumbrae, H., W. & G. S. W. ; Ardrossau, W. A. ; St. Germains Loch, J.P.

DIATOMS. 39

C. helvetica, Ktz. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.

C. aspera, Cl. — A F G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Largs, St. Germains Loch,

Corra Linn, J. P. ; Paisley, T. & W. W.
C. arcus, Greg.—G, Hamilton, G. ; Cathkin, J. P.
Amphora dubia, Greg.— E, Lamia sh Bay, G.
A. marina, Sm. — AB, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Loch Goil, M.
var. pelhicida, Greg. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
var. nana, Greg. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
A. proteus, Greg.— A B E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Gareloch, M. ;

C umbrae, W. A.

var. contigua, Cl. — A B, Loch Fyne, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M.
A. robusta, Greg. — A B E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Gareloch, M. ;

Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
A. ovalis, Ktz. — A BEG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ; Corrygill,

W. A. ; Cathkin, J. P.

var. pediculus, Ktz. — A G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Cambuslang, H.
var. minutissima, Sm. — G H, Cambuslang Brig, H. ; Cathkin Corra

Linn, J. P.

var. libyca, Ehr. — G, Rutherglen, J. P.
A. crassa, Greg. — A B E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne,

Gareloch, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
A. truncata, Greg. — Lamlash Bay, G.
A. sulcata, Greg.—A.l&: Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.

var. elongata, Greg.— A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
* A. proboscidea, Greg. — A, Loch Fyne, G.
A. milesiana, Greg. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
A. lyrata, Greg. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
A. Grevilleana, Greg.— A. E F, Glenshira Sand, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Upper

Loch Fyne, M. ;' Arran, W. A. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
var. quadrata, Greg. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae,

W. A.

A. veneta, Ktz. — A G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Cathkin, Corra Linn, J. P.
A. Normanii, Rbh. — G, Cambuslang Brig, H.

A. commutata, Grun. — AL, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Dumfries House, W. A.
A. coffeaeformis, Ktz. (incl. A. salina). — A B F, Glenshira Sand, Clyde, G. ;

Loch Goil, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
A. lineata, Greg.— A B E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Gareloch, Kyles

of Bute, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
A. costata, Sm. — F, Cumbrae, H.

var. ? monilifera, Greg. — E F, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
A. macilenta, Greg, and var. Ergadensis, Greg. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash

Bay, G.

A. cymbifera, Greg. — A F, Loch Fyne, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
A. exigua, Greg. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
A. graimlata, Greg. — A, Loch Fyne, G.
A. binodis, Greg. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
A. angularis, Greg. — Glenshira Sand, G.

A. turgida, Greg. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
A. lineolata, Ehr. — A B E F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Loch Goil, M. ; Arran,

Cumbrae, W. A.

var. plicata, Greg. — F, Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
A. bacillaris, Greg. — A, Loch Fyne, G.

A. acuta, Greg.— A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
A. nobilis, Greg. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
A. hyalina, Ktz. — A F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Cumbrae, H.
A. arcus, Greg. — A E F G, Glenshira Sand, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae,

Maryhillj H. ; Avon, W. A.

40 DIATOMS.

A. ostrearia, Breb.— A B F G, Glenshira Sand, Clyde, G. ; Loch Goil, M. ;

Cumbrae, Avon, W. A.
A. laevis, Greg. — A B, Loch Fyne, G. ; Gareloch, M.

var. laevissima, Greg. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cum-
brae, W. A.

A. excisa, Greg. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
A. obtusa, Greg. — AEF, Loch Fyne, Glenshira Sand, Lamlash Bay, G. ;

Cumbrae, W. A.

A. spectabilis, Greg. — Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
A. arenaria, Donk.—B, Loch Goil, M.

var. Donkinii, Rbk. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.
A. angusta, Greg. — A B E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Loch Goil, M.

var. ventricosa, Greg. — A B E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Gareloch M.
A. pusilla, Greg. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
A. rectangularis, Greg. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.
A. Scotica ? — E F, Corrygill, Cumbrae, H.
Campyloneis Grevillei, Grun. — Glenshira Sand, G.
Cocconeis pediculus, Ehr. — AB F G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ;

Gourock, Ardrossan, Falls of Clyde, W. A. ; Cambuslang, Carmyle,

J.P.

C. placentula, Ehr. — A D* E F G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Crinan, Cumbrae,
' Falls of Clyde, W. A. ; Cantyre Peat, Sm. ; Kyles of Bute, M. ; Car-
myle, J. P.
C. scutellum, Ehr. — A B E J F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne,

Loch Goil, Gareloch, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T. ; Ailsa

Craig, J. P. ; Cumbrae, H. & W. A.
var. ornata, Greg. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
var. stauroneiformis, Sm. — BE F, Loch Goil, Gareloch, M. ; Arran, W. A. ;

Millport, J. P.

var. parva, Cl. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.
var. allmaniana, Greg. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
var. arraniensis, Grev. — B E, Gareloch, M. ; Lamlash Bay, G.
var. major, G?'eg.—E, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Kyles of Bute, M.
C. distans, Greg. — A E F, Glenshira Sand, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Holy Isle,

W. A. ; Kyles of Bute, M. : Cumbrae, H.
Eucocconeis pseudomarginata, Cl. — J, Ailsa Craig, J. P.
E. dirupta, Cl. — E F, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Kyles of Bute, M. ; Saltcoats,

W. A. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
E. flexella, CL— A E G H, Crinan, W. A. ; Kyles of Bute, M. ; Cathkin,

Cambuslang, J. P. ; Falls of Clyde, W. A. & J. P.
Disconeis pinnata, Cl. — A E, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Lamlash Bay, G.
Pleuroneis costata, Cl. — A E F, Glenshira Sand, Clyde, G. ; Upper Loch

Fyne, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Lamlash, W. A. ; Cumbrae, H.
Heteroneis marginulata, Cl. — E, Money more, W. A.
Actinoneis Lorenziana, Cl. — B, Gareloch, M.
Microneis minutissima, Cl. — E J G, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Ailsa Craig,

Carmunnock, Cambuslang, J. P.
M. microcephala, CL — A E G, Crinan, W. A. : Kyles of Bute, M. ; Tighna-

bruaich Glen, Barrhead, W. A. & H.

M. linearis, Cl. — E G, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Kutherglen, J. P.
M. exilis, Cl. — A E F G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Crinan, Tighnabruaich,

W. A. ; Saltcoats, Sm. ; Hogganfield, H. ; Falls of Clyde, W. A. & J. P.
M. trinodis, Cl. — E F, Moneymore, Cumbrae, W. A.
M. delicatula, CL — Tighnabruaich, W. A.
M. hungarica, CL — B, Gareloch, M.
Achnanthidium lanceolatum, Breb. — A CFG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Campsie,

Gourock, Cathkin, J. P. ; Cumbrae, W. A. ; Avon, H. ; Paisley, T. & W. W.

DIATOMS. 41

A. coarctatum, Breb. — E G, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Avon, H. ; Cathkin, J. P.
A. brevipes, Grun. — A B E F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, Kyles of Bute,

M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
var. intermedia, Cl.—F, Gourock, H.

var. parvula, Ktz. — B E F, Loch Goil, M. ; Moneymore, W. A. ; Cumbrae, H.
var. angustata, Grev. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.
A. Gregoriana, Grev. — E, Lamlash Bay. G.
Achnanthes longipes, Ag. — A B J F, Glenshira Sand, Ailsa Craig, G. ;

Loch Goil, M. : Cumbrae, H.

Rhoicosphenia curvata, Grun. — A B E J F G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper
Loch Fyne, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Ailsa Craig, Cumbrae, H. & J. P. ;
Bowling, W. A.
Epithemia Hyndmanni, Sm. — B G H, Gareloch, M. ; St. Germains Loch,

J. P. ; Falls of Clyde, W. A.

E. turgida, Ktz.— A. B C D* J F G H L, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ;
Ailsa Craig, J. P. ; Cantvre Peat, Sm. ; Dumfries House, W. A. : Falls
of Clyde, W. A. & J. P.

var. Westermanni, Ktz. — F H, Largs, Corra Linn, J. P.
var. granulata, Ktz. — G H, Cathkin, St. Germains Loch, Corra Linn, J. P.
E. sorex, Ktz.— A D* E F G H L, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Cantvre Peat, Sm. ;
and Cumbrae, H. W. & G. S. W. ; Dumfries House, W. A. ; Falls of
Clyde, W. A. & J. P. ; Gourock, J. P.

E. gibba, Ktz. — A E F G H L, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Crinan, Cumbrae,
Dumfries House, W. A. ; Kyles of Bute, M. ; St. Germains Loch, J. P. ;
Falls of Clyde, W. A. & J. P.
var. ventricosa, Ktz. — F G H L, Cumbrae, H. W. & G. S. W. ; Hamilton,

Dumfries House, W. A. ; Corra Linn, J. P.

var. parallela, Grun. — G H, St. Germains Loch, Corra Linn, J.P.
E. zebra, Ktz. — A G H J L, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Crinan, Dumfries House,
W. A. ; Falls of Clyde, W. A & J. P. ; Ailsa Craig, St. Germains
Loch, J. P.
var. proboscidea, Ktz. — A G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; St. Germains Loch,

Corra Linn, J. P.

E. argus, Ktz. — ABE FGH, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, W. A. : Gareloch,
M. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H. & J. P. ; Cathkin, J. P. ; Falls of Clyde, W. A.
& J. P.
var. amphicephala, Grun. — A F H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Cumbrae, H. ;

Corra Linn, J. P.

var. longicornis, Sm. (megafrustule) — EFH, Arran, Sm. & "W. A. ; Cum-
brae, Castlecary, Falls of Clyde, W. A.
var. ocellata, Ktz. — D*, Cantvre Peat, Sm.
E. gibberula, Ktz. — A EFH, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, Kyles

of Bute, M. ; Arran, W. A. ; Corra Linn, J. P.

var. rupestris, Sm. — E F H, Tighnabruaich, Cumbrae, Castlecary, W. A.
E. musculus, Ktz. — A E F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, Cumbrae, W. A.

var. constricta, Sm. — A E, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, W. A.
Eunotia exigua, Grun. — C E J G H, Fir Glen, Ailsa Craig, Cathkin, J. P. ;

Kyles of Bute, M. ; Falls of Clyde, W. A. ; Castlecary, W. A. & H.
E. monodon, Ehr. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.
E. diodon, Ehr. — A H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Corra Linn, J. P.
E. triodon, Ehr.—A~E, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Goatfell, W. A.
E. robusta, Ralfs. var. tetraodon, Ehr. — AG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper

Loch Fyne, M. ; St. Germains Loch, J. P.
var. diadema, Ehr. — G, St. Germains Loch, J. P.

E. incisa, Greg. — A B C E G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, Gare-
loch, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Campsie, Cathkin, J. P. ; Arran, W. A.
E. bidentula, Sm.— BE, Loch Goil, M. ; Goatfell, W. A.

42 DIATOMS.

E. arcus, Ehr.— A. E F G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, M. ;
Crinan, Cnmbrae, Corra Linn, W. A. ; Arran, Tignabruaich, W. A. & H. ;
St. Germains Loch, J. P.
var. diodon, Ehr. — E, Arran, W. A.
E. praerupta, Ehr. — E, Kyles of Bute, M.
var. bidens, Ehr. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.
var. bigibba, Ktz. — A, Glensliira Sand, G.

E. major, Rbh. — AEG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, W. A. ; Cathkin, J. P.
E. gracilis, Sm. — ABC J FG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Crinan, Gareloch, W. A. ;
Fin Glen, Ailsa Craig, St. Germains Loch, J. P. ; Castle Semple Loch,
S. E. ; Carmyle, H.
E. pectinalis, Rbh. — AEFG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, M. ;

Arran, W. A. ; Castle Semple Loch, S. E. ; Cathkin, J. P.
Synedra hemicyclus, Ehr. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.

S. lunaris, Ehr. — ABCE JFG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Loch Goil, Gareloch,
M. ; Fin Glen, Ailsa Craig, St. Germains Loch, J. P. ; Glen Sannox, Auld
Wives' Lift, H. ; Kilmalcolm, S. E. ; Strathbungo, W. A.
var. subarcuata. J, Ailsa Craig, J. P.

S. flexuosa, Breb. var. bicapitata. A, Glenshira Sand, G.
S. gibbosa, Raffs. — A B E G, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, Kyles of Bute, M. ;

Arran, W. A. ; Carmyle, J. P.

S. pulchella, Ktz.— AEFG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, W. A. & H. ; Bute,
Bowling Canal, H. ; Dumbarton, T. & W. W. ; Millport, Gourock, Car-
myle, J. P.
var. Smithii, V. H. — ABE, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, Kyles of

Bute, M.
var. lanceolata, V. H. — E F G, Kyles of Bute, Hunterston Point, Bowling

Canal, W. A. ; Possil Marsh, H.

var. minutissima, Km. — B G, Gareloch, M. ; Possil Marsh, H.
var. vertebra, Greg. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.
S. Vaucheriae, Ktz. var. truncata, V. If. — B, Gareloch, M.

var. deformis, Sm. — BG, Gareloch, M. ; Bowling Canal, W. A.
S. capitata, Ehr. — G, St. Germains Loch, J. P.
S. splendens, Ktz.— A B C F G H, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, M. ; Fin

Glen, Gourock, Cathkin, Corra Linn, J. P, ; Cumbrae, Carmyle, H.
S. ulna, Ehr. — ACEFG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Campsie Glen, Largs, Clark -
ston, J. P. ; Kyles of Bute, Cumbrae, W. A. & H. ; Monkland Canal, W. A.
var. subaequalis. G, Rutherglen, Cambuslang, J. P.
var. lanceolata, Ktz. — A, Crinan, W. A.
var. danica, Ktz. — G, Cathkin, J. P.
var. obtusa, Sm. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.
S. amphicepnala, Ktz. — -A, Upper Loch Fyne, M.
S. acus, Ktz. — BFG, Gareloch, M. ; Saltcoats, W. A. ; Cathkin, J. P.

var. radians, Ktz. — A F G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Saltcoats, Monkland, W.A. ;

Cumbrae, W. A. & H. ; Carmyle, H. ; St. Germains Loch. J. P.
S. Gaillonii, Ehr. — BJF, Loch Goil, M. ; Ailsa Craig, J. P. ; Cumbrae,

W. A. & H. ; Saltcoats, W. A.
S. affinis, K tz.— B E F G, Gareloch, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Cumbrae, H. & J. P. ;

Saltcoats, Monkland Canal, W. A.

var. fasciculata, Ktz. — BG, Loch Goil, M. ; Bowling Canal, W. A.
var. tabulata, Ktz. — F, Cumbrae, H.
S. arcus, Ktz. — F, Cumbrae, Saltcoats, H.

S. undulata, Greg. — E F, Lam lash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
S. Hennedyana, Greg. — E F, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
S. superba, Ktz. — A E, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Lamlash, W. A.

var. robusta, Rolfs. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.
S. baculus, Greg. — A F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.

DIATOMS. 43

S. investiens, Km. — F, Saltcoats, W. A.

Asterionella formosa, Hass. — BG, Loch Goil, M. ; St. Germains Loch,

Cathkin, J. P.

var. Bleakcleyi, Sm. — B, Loch Goil, M.
var. gracillinia, Heib. — A, Upper Loch Fyne, M.
Thalassiothrix Frauenfeldii, Grun. — B, Loch Goil, M.
T. nitzschioid.es, Grun. — ABE, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, Kvles of

Bute, M.
Fragilaria virescens, Ralfs. — BJFG, Ben Lomond, J.P. & \V. W. ; Ailsa

Craig, J. P. ; Kilmalcolni, S. E.
F. capucina, Desm. — FG, Kilmalcolm, S. E. ; St. Germains Loch, Car-

mini nock, J. P.
F. mutabilis, Grun. — AEFG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Kyles of Bute, M. ;

Arran, W. A. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & J. P. ; Eobroyston, J. P.
F. construens, Grun. — A, Crinan, W. A. & H.
F. hyalina, Grun.— B E, Loch Goil, M. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.
var. minima, Ralfs. — F, Cumbrae, H.
var. (= Ealfsia tabellaria). B, Loch Goil, M.
F. northumbrica, Grun. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.
F. pacifica, Grun. var. cuncata (= Meridiem marinum, Greg.). — Loch Fyne,

Lamlash Bay, G. ; Loch Goil, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
Odontidium hiemale, Ktz.— BCEJFG, Glen Fruin, S. E. ; Ailsa Craig,

Inverkip, Catlikin, J. P. ; Arran, Sm.

var. mesodon, Ktz. — ACEFGH, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Campsie, Cathkin,
Corra Linn, J. P. ; Arran, Sm. ; Gourock, H. ; Hunterston, W. A. ;
' Stevenston, L.

0. Harrisonii, 8m. — A E F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, W. A. ; Cumbrae, H.

Diatoma elongatum, Ay. — AFG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Stevenston, L. ;

Cumbrae, H. ; Galston, "W. A. ; Cambuslang, J. P. ; St. Germains, S. E.

& AV. A.

var. tennis, Ay. — F, Gourock, H. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
D. vulgare, Bory. — AFGH, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Ardrossan, L. ; Cumbrae,

W. A. & H. ; Monkland, W. A. ; Corra Linn, J. P.
D. pectinale, Ktz. — F, Gourock, J. P.
Denticula tennis, Ktz. — AE FGH, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Loch Eanza, Cam-

brae, Falls of Clyde, W. A. ; Kelvindock, H. ; Cathkin, J. P.
var. inflata, Sm. — J, Ailsa Craig, J. P.
var. frigida, Ktz. — G, Cathkin, J. P.

D. crassula, Nag. — AG, Upper Loch Fyne, M. ; Cathkin, J. P.
D. elegans, Ktz. — A H, Loch Fyne, W. A. ; Corra Linn, J. P.
Meridion circulare, Ay. — ABEFG, Glenshira Sand, G. : Crinan, Hunter-

ston, Strathbungo, W. A. ; Glen Fruin, Castle Semple Loch, S. E. ; Kyles

of Bute, Cumbrae, "W. A. & H. ; Cathkin, J. P.
var. constricta, Ralfs. — A G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Hamilton, H.
Raphoneis nitida, Grun. — AE, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
R. amphiceros, Ehr. — F, Cumbrae, H.
Sceptroneis caduceus, Ehr. — A, Loch Fyne, G.
Dimergramma marinum, Ralfs. — A B E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. &

W. A. ; Gareloch, M. ; Cumbrae, H.
D. fulvum, Ralfs.— ABEF, Loch Fyne, G. & W. A. ; Gareloch, M. ; Lam-

lash Bay, G. ; Holy Isle, Cumbrae, W. A.
D. nanum, Rolfs. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne,

Gareloch, M. ; Clyde, V. H. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
D. minus, Ralfs. — A*B E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Gareloch, M. ;

Cumbrae, W. A.
D. distans, Ralfs. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne,

M. ; Arran, W. A.

44 DIATOMS.

D. capitatum, Ralfs. — A, Loch Fyne, G.

Glyphodesmis Williamsonii, Grun. — A E F, Loch Fyne, G. & W. A. ; Arran,

Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
Plagiogramma staurophorum, Heib. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.

& W. A. ; Arran, H. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
P. laeve, Ralfs. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
P. ornatum, Ralfs. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
P. interruptum, Ralfs. — E, Lamlash Bay, G. & W. A.
Hantzschia amphiqxys, Grun. — A B G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Loch Goil, M.;

Hamilton, Partick, W. A. ; Cathkin, J. P.
var. vivax, Grun. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.
H. virgata, Grun. — F, Cumbrae, Saltcoats, W. A.
H. marina, Grun. — F, Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
Nitzschia punctata, Grun. — A B, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Loch Fyne, W. A. ;

Gareloch, M.

N. debilis, Grun. — G, Maryhill Bridge, W. A.
N. tryblionella, Hantz. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.

var. levidensis, Grun. — G, Hangingshaw, W. A.
N. angustata, Grun. — A E, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, W. A.
N. delicatissima, Cl. — B, Loch Goil, M.
N. panduriformis, Greg. — A, Loch Fyne, G. & W. A.
N. contricta, Grun. — -A E, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Kyles of Bute, M.
N. marginulata, Grun. var. subconstricta, Grun. — B, Gareloch, M.
N. apiculata, Grun. — A E F G, Glenshira Sand, Loch Fyne, G. ; Cumbrae,

H. ; Ban-head, W. A.
N. acuminata, Grun. — A F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, M. ;

C^mbrae, H.

N. socialis, Greg. — F, Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
N. paradoxa, Grun. — A B F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, Loch

Goil, M. ; Stevenston, L. ; Cumbrae, H.
N". distans, Greg. — A B E, Glenshira Sand, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ;

Loch Goil, M.
N. angularis, Sm. — ABF, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, Loch

Goil, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
N. spathulata, Bre'b. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.

var. hyalina, Greg. — A, Loch Fyne, G.

N. dissipata, Grun. — A G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Glasgow, Barrhead, W. A.
N. filiformis, V- H. — F G, Ardrossan, W. A. ; Monkland Canal, H.
N. macilenta, Greg. — A E, Loch Fyne, W. A. ; Lamlash Bay, Grev.
N. Clausii, Hantz. — G, Glasgow, W. A.

N. linearis, Sm.— G H, Carmyle, Cathkin, J. P. ; Falls of Clyde, W. A. & J. P.
N. sigmoidea, Sm. — F G, Saltcoats, H. ; St. Germains Loch, Cambus-

lang, J. P.

var. armoricans, Grun. ( = N. Brebissonii). — F, Saltcoats, H.
N. Sigma, Sm. — A B F, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, M. ; Cumbrae, H.

var. sigmatella, Greg. — B, Gareloch, M.
N. obtusa, Sm. — A, Upper Loch Fyne, M.
N. dubia, Sm. — G, Barrhead, Hangingshaw, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, W. A.

var. B., Sm. — G, Barrhead, H.
N. thermalis, Aners. — G, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, W. A.

var. litorea, Grun. — B, Loch Goil, M.

N. hybrida, Grun. — A F, Upper Loch Fyne, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
N. parvula, Sm.—B G, Loch Goil, M. ; Paisley, T. & W. W.
N. latestriata, Grun. — AF, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, M. ;

Cumbrae, H.
N. Sinuata, Grun.— A J F G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Maryhill, W. A. & H. ;

Falls of Clyde, W. A. & J. P. ; Ailsa Craig, J. P. ; Cumbrae, Sm.

DIATOMS. 45

N. denticula, Grun. — J, Ailsa Craig, J. P.

N. insignis, Greg. — A G, Glenshira Sand, G-. ; Loch Fyne, AY. A. ; Crinan,

Kelv7indock, H.

var. apiculata, Sm. — F G, Gourock, Eutherglen, J. P.
N. tenuis, Sm. — F G, Lochwiimoeh, S. E. & W. W. ; Inverkip, Cathkin, Car-

myle, J. P.

J j

N. lanceolata, Sm. — B, Garelocb, M.

N. arcuata, Grev. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, Brodick Bay, Grev.

N. frustulum, Grun. — G, Cathkin, J. P. ;
var. Hautzschiana, Grun. — G, Cathkin, J. P.

N. Heufleriana, Grun. — G, Cathkin, J.P.

N. closterium, Sm. — B, Loch Goil, M.

var. acicularis, Sm. — E G, Arran, W. A. ; Carmyle, H.

N. longissima, Grun. — A B E, Upper Loch Fyne, Loch Goil, M. ; Tarbert
Bay, J. C. T.

N. palea, Ktz.—G, Paisley, T. & W. W.

Cylindrotheca gracilis, Grun. — G, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, W. A.

Streptotheca Thamesis.— E, Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.

Surirella Smithii, Ralfs.— ABE, Gleoshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ; Arran,
W.A.

S. linearis, Sm. — B D* E J G, Gareloch, M. ; Ailsa Craig, Clarkston, J. P. ;
Kyles of Bute, W. A. ; Clyde Iron Works, H.

S. tenera, Greg. — F K, Saltcoats, Prestwick, W. A.

S. splendida, Ehr.— BD*G, Gareloch, M. ; Cantyre Peat, Sin.; St. Ger-
mains Loch, J. P.

S. bifrons, Ekr.—B E G, Gareloch, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Clyde Iron Works,
H. ; St Germains Loch, J. P.

S. elegans, Ehr. — F, Cumbrae, H.

S. angusta, Ktz. — G, St. Germains Loch, J. P.

S. fastuosa, Ehr. — A B E F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, Gare-
loch, M. ; Arran, G. & W. A. & H. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.

S. lata, jSm. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A.

S. gemma, Ehr. — B, Gareloch, M.

S. striatula, Turp. — F, Cumbrae, H.

S. spiralis, Ktz.—F G, Cumbrae, W. A. ; Cathkin, J. P.

S. limosa, Bail. — B, Gareloch, M.

S. pinnata, Sm. — A G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Glasgow Botanic Gardens, Clyde

Iron Works, W. A.
var. panduiiformis, Sm. — G, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, W. A.

S. ovalis, fireb.—G, Barrhead, W. A. & H.

var. ovata, ~Ktz. — A E F G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Kyles of Bute, Hunter-

ston, Falls of Clyde, W. A. ; Cathkin, J. P.

var. crumena, Breb. — A G K, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Elver Avon, W. A. ;
Ayr, H.

if

var. minuta, Breb. — A G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Barrhead, W. A. ; Clyde

Iron Works, H. ; Tillietudlem, J.P.
var. angusta, Ktz. — G, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, W. A.
Cymatopleura solea, Sm. — A B G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ; St.

Germains, Robroyston, J. P.
C. elliptica, Sm. — B E F G, Gareloch, M. ; Arran, W. A. ; Cumbrae, H. ;

Cambsulang, J. P.
Campylodiscus Hodgsonii, Sm. var. marginata, Johns.— A, Loch Fvne,

W. A.

var. eximia, Greg. — Loch Fyne, G. & W. A.
C. Ralfsii, Sm. — A E F, Glenshira Sand, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ;.

Cumbrae, H.
var. decora, Breb. — A F, Loch Fyne, Cumbrae, W. A.

46 DIATOMS.

C. Echeneis, Ehr. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.

C. angularis, Greg. — A, Loch Fyne, G. & W. A.

C. Horologium, Will. — A E, Loch Fyne, G. & W. A. ; Lamlash Bay, G.

C. bicostatus, Sin. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.

C. Thuretii, Breb.—A E F, Loch Fyne, Arran, W. A. ; Cumbrae, H.

var. parvula, 8771. — A E, Loch Fyne, Arran, W. A.
C. latus, Shadb. — AB, Loch Fyne, G. ; Gareloch, M.
C. noricus, Ehr. var. hibernica, Ehr. — G, Catbkin, J. P.

var. costata, Sm. — AD*EFGH, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, Cumbrae,

W. A. ; St. Germains Loch, Corra Linn, J. P.

C. limbatus, Greg. — A, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Loch Fyne, G. & W. A.
Ehabdonema arcuatum, Ktz. — A B J F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch
Fyne, Loch Goil, M. ; Ailsa Craig, Gourock, J. P. ; Cumbrae,
W. A. & H.

B. minutum, Ktz. — A B E F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Loch Goil, Kyles of Bute,

M. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T. ; Hunterston, Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
E. adriaticum, Ktz. — A J F, Upper Loch Fyne, M. ; Ailsa Craig, J. P. ;

Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
Striatella unipunctata, Ag. — AEF, Upper Loch Fyne, M. ; Tarbert Bay,

J.C.T. ; Cumbrae W. A.
Tabellaria fenestrata Ktz. — A E F G, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, W. A. &

H. ; Stevenston, L. ; St. Germains Loch, Robroyston, J. P.
T. flocculosa, Ktz. — A BE FG, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, Kyles of

Bute, M. ; Ben Lomond, Carmyle, J. P. ; Cumbrae, H. W. & G. S. W.
Diatomella Balfouriana, Grev. — A F, Glenshira Sand, Clyde, G. ; Crinan, W.A.
Tetracyclus lacustris, Ralfr.—Q, St. Germains Loch, J. P.

var. emarginata, 8m. — G, St. Germains Loch, J. P.
Grammatophora stricta, Ehr. — A, Loch Fyne, W. A. & M.
G. macilenta, Sm. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Tarbert, J. C. T. ;

Cumbrae, W. A.

G. minima.— E, Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.
G. marina, Ktz. — A B E J F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, Kyles of Bute,

M. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T. ; Ailsa Craig, J. P. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
G. islandica, Ehr. — A, Upper Loch Fyne, M.
G. serpentina, Khr. — A J F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, M. ;

Ailsa Craig, J. P. ; Cumbrae, Saltcoats, W. A.
Licmophora flabellata, Ag. — F, Portincross, L. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
L. splendida, Grev. — F, Saltcoats, L.
L. paradoxa, Grun.—~F, Cumbrae, Toward, W. A. & H.
L. Lyngbyei, Gntn.—B E F, Loch Goil, M. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T. ; Toward

Point, W. A.

L. tenuis, Grun. — F, Toward, W.A. & H.
Cyclotella antiqua, Sm. — D*, Cantyre Peat, Sm.

C. comta, Ktz. var. radissa, Grun. — G, St. Germains Loch, J. P.

C. operculata, Ktz. — AD*G, Glenshira Sand, Glasgow Botanic Gardens,

W. A. ; Clyde Canal, H. ; Cathkin, J. P.
C. Kutzingiana, Thw. — E J F G, Arran, Wernyss Bay, W. A. ; Largs, H. W.

& G. S. W. ; Ailsa Craig, Cambuslang, J. P.
C. Meneghiniana, Ktz. — G, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, W. A. ; St. Germains

Loch, J. P.

C. striata, Grun. — B J, Loch Goil, M. ; Ailsa Craig, J. P.
Hyalodiscus scoticus, Grun. — A F, Upper Loch Fyne, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
H. stelliger, Bail. — A B E F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, Loch

Goil, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
H. radiatus. B, Loch Goil, M.
Podosira Montagnei, Ktz. — A E F, Loch Fvne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae,

H. & W. A,

DIATOMS. 47

P. hormoides, Ktz. — AF, Upper Loch Fyne, M. ; Curabrae, H.

P. maxima, Grim. — AE, Upper Loch Fyne, M. ; Arran.

P. laevis, Grey. — E, Lamlash Bay, Grev.

Thalassiosira Nordenskioldii, CL — BE, Loch Goil, Gareloch, Kyles of

Bute, M. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.
T. gravida, CL — B, Loch Goil, Gareloch, M.
Skeletonema costatum, Cl. — B, Loch Goil, Gareloch, M.
Melosira Westii, Sm. — A, Loch Fyne, W. A.
M. nummuloides, Ag. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.
M. Borreri, Grim. — ABF, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ; Firth of Clyde,

Cumbrae, W. A.
M. varians, Ag. — A F G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Hunterston, Bowling,

W. A. ; St. Germaius Loch, Corra Linn, J. P. ; Paisley, T. & W. W.
M. subflexilis, Ktz. — F, Largs, W. A.
M. Dickiei, Ktz.— BE, Glen Fruin, S. E. ; Tighnabruaich Glen, W. A. & H.

forma mirabilis. J G, Ailsa Craig, J. P. ; Partick, H.
M. Roeseana, Kbh. — AGH, Glenshira Sand, Cr. ; Loch Fyne, Falls of Clvde,

W. A. ; Partick, H. ; Paisley, T. & W. W. !

M. distans, Ktz.—G, St. Germains Loch, J. P. ; Paisley, T. & W.
M. crenulata, Ktz. — B D* E F G, Loch Goil, M. ; Lamlash, Saltcoats, W. A. ;

Stevenston, L. ; St. Germains Loch, J. P.
M. nivalis, Sm.- — A E, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran, H.
M. arenaria, Moore. — A F G H, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H. ;

Cathkin, J. P. ; Falls of Clyde, W. A. & J. P.
Paralia sulcata, Cl. — General in Marine Gatherings.
Stephanopyxis Turris, Ralfs. — F, Cumbrae, Grev. & H. ; Clyde, G.
S. cruciata. E, Lamlash Bay, G.
Actinocyclus Ralfsii, Pritch. — A B E F, Glenshira Sand, Lamlash Bay, G. ;

Loch Goil, Kyles of Bute, M. : Cumbrae, H.

A. sparsus, Rtr. — ABF, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, Loch Goil, M. ; Cum-
brae, W. A.

A. moniliformis, Ralfs.— A. E, Upper Loch Fyne, Kyles of Bute, M.
A. subcrassus, Rtr.— ABEF, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, Kyles of Bute,

M. ; Cumbrae, H.
A. crassus, Ralfs. — A E F, Glenshira Sand, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ;

Cumbrae, Saltcoats, W. A.
A. subtilis, Ralfs. — A E F, Loch Fvne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Arran, Cumbrae,

W. A. & H. *
Coscinodiscus excentricus, Ehr. — A B E F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Loch Fyne,

W. A. & M. ; Gareloch, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Cumbrae, EL
C. decipiens, Grun. — A B E J, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Loch Goil, Kyles of Bute,

M. ; Ailsa Craig, J. P. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
C. cpncavris, Greg. — AE, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
C. lineatus, Ehr. — B, Gareloch, M.

C. nitidus, Greg. — E F, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A. & H.
C. curvatulus, Grun. — A B E, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, Kyles of

Bute, M.

C. stellaris, Roper. — A B E, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, Kyles of Bute, M.
C. subtilis, Ehr.—B, Loch Goil, M.
C. Normanni, Greg. — B, Loch Goil, Gareloch, M.
C. Eothii, Grun. — B F, Loch Goil, M. ; Cumbrae, H.
C. umbonatus, Greg.—E, Lamlash Bay, G.
C. radiatus, Ehr.— A. B E F, Glenshira, G. ; Upper Loch Fyne, Loch Goil,

Kyles of Bute, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.
C. argus, Ehr.—E, Kyles of Bute, M.
C. concinnus, Sm.—A B E F, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, M. ; Lamlash

Bay, G. ; Cumbrae, W. A." & H.

48 DIATOMS.

C. centralis,^7ir.— AB E, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, Kyles of Bute, M. ;

Lain lash Bay, G.

C. oculus Iridis, Ehr. — A, Upper Loch Fyne, M.
C. apiculatus, Ehr. — EF, Kyles of Bute, M. ; Cumbrae, H.
C. punctulatus, Greg. — A E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G.
Auliscus sculptus, Ralfs. — A E F, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Kyles of

Bute, M. ; Cumbrae, W. A.

A. coelatus, Bail. var. strigillata, Schmidt. — E, Arran, R.
Roperia tesselata, V. H. — B E, Gareloch, M. ; Arran, H.
Actinoptychus undulatus, Ehr. — ABF, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Garelocb, M. ;

Cumbrae, H.
forma triradiata, Roper. — A B, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, M.

A. splendens, Ralfs — A, Glenshira Sand, G.

Triceratium antediluvianum, T". H.— A E F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Arran,
Saltcoats, "W. A.

Biddulphia aurita, Bre'b. — A B F, Glenshira Sand, G. ; Gareloch, M. ; Salt-
coats, W. A.

B. mobiliensis, Grun. — A B E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Gareloch,

Kyles of Bute, M.
Cerataulus Smithii, Rolfs. — A, Glenshira Sand, G.

C. turgidus, Ehr. — A B E, Loch Fyne, Lamlash Bay, G. ; Gareloch, M.
Isthmia nervosa, Ktz. — E, Arran, W. A.

I. enervis, Ehr. — F, Cumbrae, W. A.

Ditylum Brightwellii, Grun. — A B E, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, Kyles of

Bute, M.
Chaetoceros boreale, Bail. — ABE, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, Kvles of

Bute, M. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.
C. laciniosum. E, Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.

C. protuberans, Laud. — AE, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, M.
C. mamillanum. E, Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.
C. scolopendria, Cl. — B E, Gareloch, M. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.
C. sociale, Laud. — BE, Gareloch, M. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.
C. pelagicum. E, Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.

C. Greenlandicum, Cl. — A B, Upper Loch Fyne, Loch Goil, M.
C. curvisetum, Cl. — B E, Gareloch, M. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.
C. decipiens, Cl. — A B E, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, Kyles of Bute, M. ;

Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.

C. Wighamii, Brtw.—E, Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.
C. didyma, Ehr. — A B, Upper Loch Fyne, Loch Goil, M.
C. danicum, Cl.—A, Upper Loch Fyne, M.

C. (Syndendrium) diadema, Ehr.—& F, Tarbert Bay, J. C. T. ; Clyde, G.
Rhizosolenia imbricata, Brtw. — F, Cumbrae, H.
R. alata. E, Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.

var. gracillima. E, Tarbert Bay, J. C. T.
R. styliformis, Brtw. — BEF, Gareloch, M. ; Tarbert Bay, J. C. T. ; Arrau,.

Cumbrae, H.
R. setigera, Brtw. — ABE, Upper Loch Fyne, Gareloch, M. ; Tarbert Bay,

J. C. T.
R. pusilla? F, Cumbrae, H.

CHARACEAE.

THAT this order of plants is very abundant in the West of Scotland is a
well-known fact to all who have taken any interest in aquatic plants. Yet
although there are 27 species and 23 varieties given in the ninth edition of
the Lond. Cat. of British Plants, the following are all that are recorded in
the Clyde area. The Messrs. H. & J. Groves have always proved willing
and ready to help in the identification of either fresh or dried specimens :

Chara fragilis, Desv.

var. barbata, Gant. — F G, Milngavie ; Millport.

var. capillacea, Coss. and G. — C, Drymen.

var. delicatula, Braun. — E, Tarbert.
C. contraria, Keutz. — F, Millport.
C. hispida, L. — E, Tarbert.
C. vulgaris, L.— F, Millport.

var. longibracteata, Kutz. — A, Lochgilphead.

var. papillata, Wallr. — E F, Innellan ; Arran.

var. melanopyrena, H. and J. G. — F, Millport.
Nitella flexilis, Agardh. — Dumbarton.
N. opaca, Agardh. — F, Stevenston, Renfrew, Lanark.

P. EWING.

D

LICHENS.

THE classification, which has been adopted in the following list, was
suggested by Dr. O. V. Darbishire, and is based upon that proposed by Dr.
Eeinke (Pringsheim^s Jahrbuch. 1894-1896). It has not, however,been thought
advisable to subdivide the genera Lecanora and Lecidea. A thorough
and critical revision of all the species described in Crombie's and Leighton's
works would be certainly necessary if they are to be included in such a
system, and of course any such revision was quite impossible in the time at
our disposal. Dr. O. V. Darbishire has with the greatest kindness examined
a very great number of specimens, and his help has been invaluable in the
preparation of the list. Many others, especially Lecideas and Graphideae,
have been critically examined by the Rev. W. Johnson, whose assistance has
also been of the greatest value. The compiler must also express his gratitude
to the authorities of the British Museum, and to Professor Bayley Balfour,
for permission to consult the herbaria in London and Edinburgh respectively,
and to Messrs. L. Watt, J. Murray, D. A. Boyd, and J. Paterson for many
interesting specimens and notes.

It is unfortunately only too evident that the district has been insufficiently
explored, yet every attempt has been made to include all trustworthy
records. Many species, which occur in the list submitted to the British
Association in 1876, are not mentioned in the following one ; these consist of
forms found on Ben Lawers, or in other places beyond our boundaries.

The committee hoped to obtain the valuable assistance of Dr. Stirton, the
compiler of the previous list, but to their great regret we found that he was
unable to undertake the work. The very short time available has been
a great obstacle, and a great many species collected by myself are not
mentioned at all, in default of proper verification by the referees. The
authority of Leighton, Crombie, or Dr. Stirton, and the opinion of Dr.
Darbishire, or the Rev. W. Johnson has been considered as decisive. Very
few records have been permitted to appear if not confirmed by one or other
of these lichenologists.

There is a distinct similarity in the distribution of the lichens as compared
with that of the flowering plants. Certain species are found on mountain
summits, and again on rocks by the seashore, though they are apparently
absent from the cultivated ground, low hills, and other less exposed places.
A large number are almost confined to the Inveraray and Loch Lomond
districts (A and B), though some reappear about Loch Doon (L), where there
is probably another sub-alpine region. But whilst Glen Falloch, for instance,
has been explored by almost every British lichenologist of note, very few
seem to have visited any part of the Lowlands except the Falls of Clyde.
It is probable that a large number may have escaped notice, especially
in such places as Ballantrae, which have been but rarely visited by botanists.

G, F. SCOTT ELLIOT.

LICHENS. 51

KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS.

Cr. =Crombie, British Lichens, Part I.; British Museum Nat. Hist., 1894;

Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1899 ; Grevillea, Vols. 2, 3.
St. = Dr. Stirton, F.L.S., British Association List, 1876.
Lg. = Leighton, Lichen Flora of Great Britain, 1876.
O V. D.=Dr. O. V. Darbishire, Ph.D., etc., Owen's College, Manchester.
W. J. = Rev. W. Johnson, M.A., Hornsea House, Hartlepool.
S. E. = G. F. Scott Elliot, M.A., B.Sc., F.L.S.
M'M = Rev. J. H. MacMillan, D.D. (Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., various papers,

and Edinburgh Herbarium).
L. W. = L. Watt, Esq., Clydebank.
J. M. =J. Murray, Esq., East Kilbride.

Cr. Ms. = Rev. J. Crombie, M.A., F.L.S., specimens in Herb. Brit. Mus.
H. Herb. = The late Professor Kennedy's Herbarium, Technical College.
H. Fl. Sc. = Hooker, Flora Scotica, 1821.
Green. Herb. = Greenock Herbarium, collected by Dr. Calder, communicated

by Mr. W. Niven.

Lind. = Lindsay, Popular History of British Lichens, 1856.
J. P. =J. Paterson, Esq., Rutherglen.
Lightf. = Lightf oot, Flora Scotica, 1777.
J. A. = Miss J. Auld, Queen Margaret College, Glasgow.
Sin. = Smith, see Sowerby, Engl. Bot., Yols. 5, 13, etc., etc.
Borrer. See Notes in Crombie and Leigh ton's Floras.
Grev. = Dr. Greville, Scottish Cryptogamic Flora.
Mass. = Dr. G. Massee, Kew, Grevillea, Vol. 21, p. 28.

Calicium trichlale, Ach.—G, Hamilton, St.

C. chrysocephalum, Ach.—lA, Falls of Clyde, Cr. [W. J.

C. hyperellum, Ack.—GH, Hamilton, St.; Falls of Clyde, Cr., J. M. &

C. quercinum, Pers. — H, Falls of Clyde, Cr.

C. curtum, Turn, et Borr. — B, Glen Falloch, Cr.

Coniocybe furfuracea, Ach.—G, Calderbank, St.

Sphaerophorus coralloides, Pers. — ABEF, Inveraray, Cr. ; Loch Lomond,

Ben Oss, Ben Chroinn, Kilmalcolm, S. E., O. V. D. ; Arran, Lg. & M'M.
S. fragilis, Ach.— B G K, 1000—3000 ft. Ben Lomond, L. W., O. V. D. ;
Cobbler, J. M. ; Old Kilpatrick, L. W., O.Y.D. ; Girvan, S. E. & O.Y. D.
? (Melaspilea Patersoni, Stirt. — B, Ben Brecht (Beinn Bhreac ?) St., Lg.)
Arthonia astroidea, Ach. — "Common," St.
A. epipasta, -A ch. — B, Loch Lomond, St.
A. cinnabarina, Wallr.— H, Falls of Clyde, Cr. Ms.
A. Swartziana, Ach. — G, Campsie, St. ; Old Cumnock, S. E. & W. J.
Lecanactis (Lecidea Oederi, Web.) Oederi, Darb. — B, Ben Yoirlich, St.
L. melaena (Nyl.} Darb. — E, Ormidale, St.»
L. sphaeroides (Dick.} Darb. — G, Milngavie, St.
L. milliaria (Fr.) Darb. — G, Milngavie, St. (Ayrshire, Lg.).
Opegrapha lentiginosula, Nyl. — B, Glen Falloch, Lg., Cr. Ms.
0. constrictella, Stirt. — "Ben Brecht " (Beinn Bhreac?), St., Lg.
0. herpetica, Ach. var. rubella. B, Cobbler, St.
0. atra, Pers. — L, Dalmellington, S. E.

var. parallela. G, Campsie, St.

var. denigrata. B, Loch Lomond, St.
0. atricolor, Stirt. — F, Dunoon, St.
? 0. vulgata, Ach. — F, Inverkip, H. Herb. & S. E.
0. saxicola, Ach. — B, Tarbert, St.

var. Chevallieri, Leight. — G, Bothwell Castle, St.
? 0. Turner!, Leight. — J L, Ballantrae, Dalmellington, S. E.

52 LICHENS.

0. varia, Pers. var. tigrina. F, Dunoon, St.

0. rufescens, Pers. — F, Dunoon, St.

0. amphotera, Nyl. — K L, Ayr Kiver, S. E. ; Old Cumnock, S. E., W. J.

0. mirifica, Stirt. — F, Cumbrae, Lg.

Graphis elegans, Sm. — ABGK, Inveraray, Lg. ; Ben Lomond, Cr. ; Glasgow,

Cr. ; Auchincruive, S. E.
Graphis scripta, Ach. — B E F H K L, Ardlui, Gourock, H. Herb., S. E.

var. divaricata. K, Knockdolyan, Lg.

var. recta. F, Dunoon, St.

var. varia. F, Kilmalcolm, S. E. & W. J.

var. serpentina. B H, Tarbet, S. E. ; Falls Clyde, Lg.

var. eutypa. " Common," Lg.

var. pulverulenta. H, Falls Clyde, Lg.

var. stellulata. L, Auchinleck, S. E. & W. J.
G. dendritica, Ach. — E, Rothesay, St.
Roccella phycopsis, Ach. — F, Millport, Cumbrae, Cr.
Xylographa parallela, Ach. — B, Cobbler, St. ; Glen Falloch, Lg.

var. pallens. F, Dunoon, St.

Gyalecta (Lecidea cupularis, Ehr.) cupularis, Ach. — G, Campsie Glen, St.
Lecidea d.ecipiens, Ehr.—" Common," Lg.
L. lugubris, Sommrf. — B, Cobbler, St.
L. botryiza, Nyl. — B, Ben Voirlich, Loch Lomond, St.
L. lucida, Ach. — BF, Ben Voirlich, Dunoon, St.
L. ochrococca, Nyl. — B, Inverarnan, Glen Falloch, Lg., Cr.
L. decolorans, Flke. — G, Campsie, St.

L. flexuosa, Fr. — L, Muck Burn, Dalmellington, S. E., W. J.
L. sylvicola, Plot. var. infidula, Nyl. — E, Ormidale, St.
L. turgidula, Fr. — B, Glen Falloch, Cr.
L. enteroleuca, Ach. — E, Arran, St.
L. sanguineoatra, Adi. — B, Glen Falloch, Lg.
L. parasema, Ach.—'R F, Tarbet, J. M., W. J. ; Gourock, H. Herb.

var. elaeochroma, Ach. — F, Kilmalcolm, S. E. & W. J.
L. enter ochlora, Tayl. — F, Cumbrae, S.E., W. J.
L. arctica, Smrf. — B, Ben Voirlich, St.

L. aglaea, Smrf. — B, Ben Voirlich, St. ; Ben Chroinn, S. E. & W. J.
L. mesotropa, Nyl. — B, Ben Lomond, Lg.
L. coarctata, Sm. f. elacista, Ach. — B, Ben Lomond, St.
L. pammicta, Stirt. — B, Ben Arthur, St.

L. panaeola, Ach. — B, Ben Voirlich, St. ; Glen Falloch, Cr. Ms.
L. Bruyeriana, Schaer. — E, Ormidale, St.

L. polycarpa, Flk. — B, Ben Voirlich, St. ; Ben Chroinn, S. E. & W. J.
L. Kochiana, Hepp., and var. lygaea. E, Ormidale, St.
L. lapicida, Fr.—B H, Ben Oss, Douglas, S. E. & W. J.
L. lithophila, Ach. — B, Ben Lomond, Cr.
L. plana, Lahm.— B, Tarbet, S. E. & W. J.

L. rivulosa, Ach.— B, Alt Andorran, Glen Falloch, S. E. & W. J.
L. interludens, Nyl. — E, Tighnabruaich, St.
L. fuscoatra, Ach. — BF, Ben Lomond, H.Fl.Sc. ; Glen Falloch, Cumbrae, S.E.

var. fumosa, Ach. — FG, Paisley, St. ; Kilmalcolm, S. E.
L. lactea, FIL—B, Ben Voirlich, St.
L. subkochiana, Nyl.—E, Ormidale, St.
L. Taylori, Salw. — B, Ben Lomond, St.

L. contigua, Fr. — B L, Loch Lomond, Ben Chroinn to 3000 ft., S. E. ; Lugar,
S. E. & W. J.

f. limitata, Leight — F, Kilmalcolm, S. E. & W. J.

f. nobilis, Fr.—B, Ben Oss, S. E. & W. J.

(Also forms platycarpa, Fr., and flavicunda, Ach., without locality, St.).

LICHENS. 53

L. albocaerulescens, Wulf. — BL, Ben Arthur, St.; Dalmellington, S. E. &

W.J.

L. confluens, Webr. — B G, Ben Lomond, Cathkin Braes, H. Fl. Sc.
f. complicata, Leight. — B, Tarbet, S. E. & W. J.
f. laevigata, Leight. — B, Ben Oss, S. E. & W. J.
L. phaeops, Nyl. — B, Ben Voirlich, St.
L. gelatinosa, FIL—B, Glen Falloch, Cr. Ms.

L. sarcogyniza, Nyl. — B, Ben Voirlich, St. ; Ben Chroinn to 3000 ft., S. E.
L. canescens, Dick. — FG, Strone Glen, Green. Herb. ; Hamilton, St.
L. verruculosa, Borr. — E, Ormidale, St.
L. flavovirescens, Dick. — F, Helensburgh, Cr.
L. stellulata, Tayl. — E, Ormidale, St.

L. disciformis, Fr. — B, Eossdhu, J. M., W. J. ; Loch Lomond, Cr. Ms.
L. coniops, Wahl. — E, Ormidale, St.
L. badioatra, Flke.—R, Ben Oss, S. E. & W. J.
L. atrobadia, Nyl. — B F, Alt Andorran, Cumbrae, S. E. & W. J.
L. myriocarpa, D.C. — BFGL, Loch Lomond, Cr. Ms. ; Kilmalcolm, S. E. ;

Hamilton, St. ; Dalmellington, S. E.
L. applanata, Fr. — BG, Ben Lomond, Ben Voirlich, St.; Clyde, J. M. &

W.J.

L. grossa, Pers. — "Crumniach," Lg.

L. Lightfootii, Sm. — B E F, Gourock, H. Herb. ; Dunoon, Ormidale, St.
L. globulosa, Flke. — B, Ben Lomond, St.

L. pulverea, Borr. — B, Inverarnan, Loch Lomond, Lg., Cr. Ms.
L. anomala, Fr. — G, Gadder, St.
L. tricolor, Wittr. — BG, Glen Falloch, Lg., Cr. Ms. ; Calder Bridge, J. M. &

W.J.

Ii. lutea, Dick. — AB, Inveraray, Cr. ; Tarbert, St.
L. cyrtella, Ach. — G, Hamilton, St.
L. pineti, Ach. — B, Glen Falloch, St., Cr. Ms.
L. caradocensis, Leight. — H, Douglas, S. E. & W. J.
L. alboatra, Hoffm. — K, South Girvan, S. E. & W. J.
L. melaena, Nyl. — E, Ormidale, St.
L. Oederi, Web.— B, Ben Voirlich, St.
L. sphaeroides, Dick. — G, Milngavie, St.
L. milliaria, Fr. — G, Milngavie, St. ; Ayrshire, Lg.
L. sabuletorum, Flke. — G, Campsie, St.
L. premnea, Ach. — B, Glen Falloch, S. E.
L. citrinella, Ach. — B, Glen Falloch, Cr. ; Ayrshire, Lg.
L. geographica, L. — BM, Ardlui, Abington, S. E.

var. sulphurea. E, Arran, M'M.

L. soreumidea, St. — B, Ben Brecht (Beinn Bhreac), Lg.

L. petrea, Wulf.—B F L, Ben Lomond, St. ; to 3000 ft., Ben Chroinn, Cum-
brae, S. E. '; Dalmellington, S. E. & W. J.

L. lavata, Fr.—B E F, Ormidale, St. ; Tarbet, Kilmalcolm, S. E. & W. J.
L. concentrica, Dav.— B H, Falls of Clyde, S. E. & W. J. ; Ormidale, St.
L. excentrica, Ach. — E F, Dunoon, Ormidale, St.
L. rimosa, Dick. — B, Ben Lomond, St.
L. morio, Ran. — E, Arran, St.

L. Parmeliamm, Sommrf. — A, Inveraray, Cr. Ms. ; Crinan, Lind.
Umbilicaria pustulata, Hoffm. — E, Arran, H. Herb. & O. V. D.
Gyrophora cylindrica, Ach.— B E H, 2-3000 ft., Ben Oss, S.E. & W.J. ;

Cobbler, J. M. ; Goatfell, Lg. ; Tinto, J. M. & O. V. D.
var. denudata. — B, Ben Chroinn, S. E. & W. J.
var. denticulata. — B, Ben Voirlich, St.
G. torrefacta, Cromb.—B E, Alt Andorran, Glen Falloch, S. E. & W. J. ;

Goatfell, Lg.

54 LICHENS.

? G. eroea, Ach.— B, Cobbler, J. M.

G. polyphylla, Turn, et Borr. — B E L, Ben Lomond, Or. ; Goatfell, H.
Herb., Dalmellington, S. E. & O. V. D.

G. flocculosa, Turn, et Bow. — B, Ben Arthur, St. ; Ben Oss, S. E.

? G. polyrhiza, Krb.— B, Glen Croe, M'M.

Pilophorus cereolus, JVv/Z.— BE, Ben Lomond, Lg. ; Ormidale, Ben Arthur, St.

Stereocaulon coralloides, FT. — A F K L M, Inveraraj, Or. ; Dumbarton,
S. E., L. W. ; Girvan, Loch Boon, S. E. & O. V. D. ; Leadhills, Or.

S. paschale, Fr. — A, Inveraray, M'M. ; "Common," St.

S. evolutum, Graeioe. — K, Girvan, S. E. & O. V. D.

S. tomentosum, Fr. — (Without locality) St.

S. denudatum, Fl.ke.—B F G K L, Glen Falloch, 3000 ft., S. E. & O. V. D. ;
Beinn Buidhe, J. P. ; Ben Oss, S. E., W. J. ; Kilmalcolm, S. E. & O. V. D. ;
Cathkin, J. P. & S. E. ; Girvan, S. E. ; Loch Doon, S. E. & O. V. D.
var. pulvinatum, Flot. — B F, Ben Oss, Kilmalcolm, S. E. & O. V. D.

S. pileatum, Ach. — B, Eock, Loch Lomond, S. E. & O. V. D.

Baeomyces rufus, DC.— A B E F G H L M, Inveraray, M'M. ; Glen Falloch,
Cr. ; Glasgow, Sm. ; Dalmellington, S. E., O. V. D. ; Leadhills, Cr.

B. roseus, Pers. — A B L M, Inveraray, M'M. ; Cobbler, J. M., S. E. ; Lead-
hills, Cr. ; Dalmellington, S. E., O. V. D.

B. aeruginosus, DC. — A B, Inveraray, M'M. ; Ben Arthur, St. ; Ben Oss,

S. E., O. V. D.
Cladonia endiviaefolia, Fr. — F, Duuoon, St.

C. pyxidata, Fr.—B E F G H K L M, Ben Lomond to 2000 ft., L. W., S. E. ;

Dalmellington, S. E., O. V. D. ; Abington, S. E.
var. pocillum. B, Ben Arthur, St.
var. chlorophea. B H K L, Tarbet, S. E. & W. J. ; Dalmellington, S. E.

& O. V. D. ; etc., etc. f. myriocarpa. B, Tarbet, S. E. & W. J.
C. cariosa, Spreng. — H, Douglas, S. E. & O. V. D.
C. fimbriata,, Fr.—E F G H L M, Ben Oss, Kilmalcolm, Abington, S. E.

& O. V. D., etc., etc. ; Milngavie, H. Fl. Sc.
subsp. fibula, f. tortuosa. L, Dalmellington, S. E. & W. J.
C. gracilis, Ho/m.—F L, Largs, Cr. ; Dalmellington, S. E., O. V. D.
C. ockrochlora, Flke. — B F H K L, Beu Oss, Kilmalcolm, Douglas, Girvan,

Dalmellington, S. E. & O. V. D.
var. ceratodes. F, Cumbrae, S. E. & W. J.

C. cervicornis, Schaer. — B E F K L, to 3000 ft., Ben Lomond, L. W.

& O.V.D. ; Arran, Lightf. ; Greenock, St. ; Dalmellington, S. E. & O.V.D.

C. degenerans, Flke.—BF, Kilmalcolm, S. E. & O.V.D.; Ross, L. W.,

O. V. D.

C. furcata, Hofm.—B E F G H J L, Beinn Buidhe, 3000 ft., J. P. & O. V. D. ;
Arran, Lightf. ; Cumnock, Douglas, Glasgow, Ballantrae, S. E. &
O. V. D.

var. cornucopioides. L, Cumnock, S. E., O. V. D.
C. pungens, Flke.—B, Tarbet, S. E. & O. V. D.
C. crispata, Nyl. — B J, Arrochar, Ballantrae, S. E., 0. V. D.
var. spinosa. F, Kilmalcolm, S. E. & W. J.
var. f urcatiformis. H, Douglas, S. E. & W. J.
C. squamosa, ffoffm. — B L, Alt Andorran, S. E. & W. J. ; Dalmellington,

S. E. & O. V. D.

C. coccifera, Schaer.— B F H K, Beinn Buidhe, 3000 ft., J. P., S. E. ; Kil-
malcolm, Douglas, Girvan, S. E. & O. V. D.
f. cornucopioides. B K, Ben Oss, Girvan, S. E. & O. V. D.
C. bellidiflora, Flke. — B E, Ben Lomond, Lightf. ; Ben Arthur, St. ; Arran, Lg.
C. digitata, ffo/m.—E L, Arran, Lightf. ; Dalmellington, S. E. & O. V. D.
var. eerucha. B F L, Loch Lomond, S. E. ; Clynder, Dalmellington, S. E.
& W. J.

LICHENS. 55

C. macilenta, Ho/m.—FGL, Kilmalcolm, S. E. ; Old Kilpatrick, L, W. &

W. J. ; Dalmellington, S. E. & W. J.
var. coronata. Old Kilpatrick, S. E. & W. J. ; Dalmellington, S. E. &

O. Y. D.
C. bacillaris, Nyl— B(F?)L J, Ben Oss, J. A. & W. J. ; Cumnock, Ballan-

trae, S. E. & O. V. D. ; (Gourock, 1 H. Herb., O. V. D.).
? C. Floerkeana, Fr. — B, Arrochar, S. E.
Cladina rangiferina, Nyl.^-E E F G H L, Beinn-an-Lochan, J. P., S. E., 3000

ft. ; Arran, Lightf., Greenock, Green. Herb., Tinto, J. M. ; Dalmellington,

S. E. & O. V. D., etc., etc.
C. sylvatica, Nyl. — B H K L, LochLomond side, Douglas, Carleton, Cumnock,

S. E, & O. V. D.
C. uncialis, Nyl.— BE FG L, Ben Lomond, 2000 ft., L. W., S. E., W. J. ; Old

Kilpatrick, L. W., S. E. ; Cumnock, S. E. & O. V. D.
Thelotrema lepadinum, Ach. — BGK, Ben Lomond, Cr. ; East Kilbride,

St. ; Ayr, S. E. & O. V. D.
Megalospora (Lecidea) sanguinaria, Rke. — A B F G, Inveraray, M'M. ;

Glen Falloch, Lightf. ; Roseneath, Cr. ; Paisley, St.
Ochroleckia (Lecanora) tartarea, (Z.), Mass. — A B F H L, Inveraray, Lg. ;

Kilmun, Cr. ; Falls of Clyde, S. E. ; Loch Doon, S. E. & O. V. D. '
var. frigida. F H, Gourock, H. Herb., & W. J. ; Falls of Clyde, S. E.
0. parella (Z.), Mass.—E C E F H L M, Helensburgh, H. Fl. Sc. ; Buchanan

Ho., S. E. ; Dalmellington, Abington, S. E.
0. pallescens (Z.), Mass. — F, Greenock, St., & Dr. Calder.
Variolaria globulifera, Turn. — A B, Inveraray, Helensburgh, Cr.

var. opthalmiza, Nyl. — B, Glen Falloch, Cr. & St.

V. lactea, (Z.), Ach. — BGL, Campsie, Cathkin, H. Fl. Sc. ; Tarbet, Dalmel-
lington, S. E. & O. V. D.
V. dealbata, Ach.— BFGH, Glen Falloch, St. ; Kilmalcolm, Douglas, S. E. ;

Auchentibber, J. Mall & O. V. D.

V. amara, Ach. — FG, Glasgow, Cr. ; Kilmalcolm, S. E. & O. V. D.
Pertusaria communis, DC. — BFGHL, Gourock, H. Herb., S. E. ; Glas-
gow, Cr. ; Luss, J. M. ; Douglas, Cumnock, S. E. & O. V. D.
P. Wulfenii, DC.— BKL, Glen Falloch, Ayr, Auchenleck, S. E. & O.V.D.
Lecanora hypnorum, Ach. — BE, Ben Voirlich, St. ; Kyles Bute, Cr.
L. crassa, Ach. — E, Ormidale, St.
L. saxicola, Ach.—E, Kyles Bute, Cr.

L. gelida, Ach. — B, Ben Lomond, H. Fl. Sc. ; Lochgoilhead, St.
L. elegans, Ach. — FG, Helensburgh, Cathkin, H. Fl. Sc.
L.(Placodium bracteatum Hoffm.). E, Ormidale, St.
L. murorum, Ach. — E, Ormidale, St.

L. (Placodium albescens, Hoffm.). — F, Cumbrae, S. E. & O. V. D.
L. callppisma, Ach. — G, Milugavie, St.
L. citrina, Ach. — F, Gourock, Cr.

L. vitellina, Ach.- — FKL, Kilmalcolm, Girvan, Cumnock, S. E.
L. aurantiaca, Nyl. — F G H L, Largs, Cr. ; Hamilton, St. ; Falls Clyde,

Dalmellington, S. E.
L. ochracea, Xyl. — E, Ormidale, St.
L. ferruginea, Nyl. — F, Largs, Cr.

var. festiva. B F G H K L, Ardlui, S. E. ; Glasgow, Lg. ; W. Kilbride,

D. A. B.

L. concilians, Nyl. — E K, Arran, St. ; Girvan, S. E.
L. cerina, Ach. — F, Largs, Cr.

L. pyracea, Nyl. — " Common," St. ; J, Ballantrae, S. E.
L. subexigua, St. — E, Ormidale, St.
L. roboris, Nyl. — " Frequent," St.
L. exigua, St. — E, Ormidale, St.

56 LICHENS.

L. circinata, Ach. — G, Cathkin, Lg., St.

L. galactina, Ach. — FK, Dunoon, St. ; Girvan, S. E.

L. livida, Ach. — F, Troon, St.

L. expallens, Ach. var. lutescens, Nyl. — BLM, Tarbet, S. E. & W. J. ; Dal-

mellington, Abington, S. E.

L. symmicta, Ach. var. saepincola, Nyl. — K, Girvan, S. E. & W. J.
L. subfusca, Nyl. — St., B G L M, Abington, etc., S. E.

var. distans. KLM, Cumnock, S. E. ; Abington, J. M.
L. allophana, Nyl.— A. B F G H J K L, Inveraray, Cr. & S. E.
L. rugosa, Nyl. — G, Glasgow, Cr.

subsp. chlarona. G, Glasgow, Cr.
L. atrynea, Nyl. — F, Dunoon, St.
L. gangaleoid.es, Nyl. — E, Arran, St.
L. angulosa, Ach. — E, Ormidale, St.

L. glaucoma, Ach. — E F G, Kyles Bute, Cr. ; Troon, St. ; Campsie, H. Fl. Sc.
L. umbrina, Nyl. — F H, Cumbrae, Lg. ; Lanark, S. E., W. J.
L. Hageni, Ach. — AE, Inveraray, Cr. ; Ormidale, St.
L. sulphurea, Ach. — B F, Ben Lomond, H. Fl. Sc. ; Kilbride, D. A. B.
L. varia, Ach. — B F L, Loch Lomond, Helensburgh, St., S. E.
L. conizaea, Nyl.—&, Old Kilpatrick, L. W. & W. J.
L. polytropa, Ehr. — B, Ben Lomond, H. Fl. Sc.
L. sarcopis, Ach. — E, Ormidale, St.
L. atra, Ach.— E F G H K L, Glasgow, Cr. ; Cumbrae, S. E. & O. V. D. ; Arran

(corticola), St. & S. E.

L. coccinea, Cromb. — F or G, Bowling, Cr.
L. haematomma, Ach. — F, Cumbrae, S. E.
L. ventosa, Ach. — BF, Ben Lomond, Sm. ; Cobbler, J. M. ; Ben Chroinn-

2000 ft., S. E.

L. rubra, Ach. — B L, Cumnock, S. E.
L. calcarea, Sommrf. — B, Cobbler, St.

L. Dicksonii, Nyl. — B L, Ben Oss, Alt Andoarran, Loch Doon, S. E.
L. lacustris, Fr. — B, Glen Falloch, Glen Croe, Cr.
L. fuscata, Nyl. — B G, Ben Lomond, H. Fl. Sc. ; Glasgow, St.
L. smaragdula, Nyl. f. sinopica. B, Ben Yoirlich, Cobbler, St.
Parmelia perlata, Ach. — ABCEJ, Inveraray, Cr. ; Tarbet, J. M. ; Buch-
anan, Ho. ; Ballantrae, S. E. & O. V. D.

subsp. ciliata, Nyl. — A B, Lochgilphead, St. ; Helensburgh, Cr.
P. cetrarioides, Nyl. — A B, Carsaig, St. ; Loch Lomond, Lightf.
P. tiliacea, Ach.—'E F, Fairlie, J. M. & O. V. D. ; Brodick, M'M.

var. scortea, Ach. — F, Dunoon, St.

P. saxatilis, Ach.— B E F G H K L M, Arran, Lightf.; Abington, S. E.,
O. V. D., etc.

var. furfuracea, Schaer. — B, Helensburgh, Cr.
P. sulcata, Tayl.—BFK~L, to 3000 ft. Ben Lomond, L. W., S. E. ; Kil-

malcnlm, Ayr, Cumnock, S. E. & O. V. D.
P. omphalodes, Ach. — BL, Ben Oss, Loch Lomond, Loch Doon, S.E., O.V.D.

var. panniformis. B, Glen Falloch, S. E. & W. J.
P. caperata, Ach. — A B E F K, Inveraray, M'M. ; Cumbrae, H. Herb. ;

Auchincruive, S. E. & O. V. D., etc.
P. sinuosa, Ach. — A BEG, Inveraray, Cobbler, M'M.; Brodick, Green.

Herb. ; Cathkin, H. Fl. Sc.
P. conspersa, Ach. — A B, Inveraray, Cr. ; Lochgoilhead, St., etc., etc.

var. stenophylla, Ach. — A, Inveraray, Cr.

var. isidiata, Leigh t. — BF, Lochgoilhead, St.; W. Kilbride, D. A. B.
P. olivacea, Ach. — FH, Kilmalcolm, Douglas, S. E. & O. V. D.
P. exasperata, Nyl. — B F H L, Largs, Cr. ; Ardlui, Falls Clyde, Cumnock,
S. E. & O. V. D.

LICHENS. 57

P. fuliginosa, Nyl.—B F J, Greenock, Ballantrae, S. E. & O. Y. D. ; Tarbet,

J. M. & O. V. D.

var. laetevirens. J, Ballantrae, S. E. & O. V. D.
P. lanata, Wallr. var. reticulata, Crombie. — B, Ben Lomond, Sm.
P. tristis, Nyl— B H, Cobbler, St. ; Ben Lomond, Lightf . ; to 3000 ft., S. E.

& W. J. ; Tinto, J. M. & O. V. D.

P. physodes, Ach.—A B E F G H L M, Abington, S. E. & O. V. D, etc.
P. pertusa, Schaer. — A B, Carsaig, St. ; Ardgarten, M'M.

In addition the following species have been recorded by the Rev. H.
Macmillan, D.D., for the districts mentioned below :

P. perforata, Ach. — B, Glencroe ; P. laevigata, Ach. — AB, Inveraray,
Larick ; P. xanthomyela, Nyl. — B, Larick ; P. mougeotii, Schaer. — B,
Ardgarten.
Cetraria islandica, Ach.— BF, Beinn Buidhe— 3000 ft., J. P., S. E. ; Ben

Lomond, Sm., S. E. ; Dunoon, St.
C. aculeata, Fr.—B F G H L, Ben Oss, Dalmellington, S. E. & O. V. D. ;

Dunoon, St. ; Edenbarnet, L. W., S. E. ; Tinto, J. M., S. E.
var. hispida, Cromb. — F, Kilmalcolm, S. E. & W. J.
Platysma saepincola, Nyl. — "Frequent," St.
P. ulophyllum, Nyl— BFH, Glen Falloch, Cr. ; Cumbrae, Douglas, S. E. &

O. V. D.

P. diffusum, Nyl. — B, Inverarnan, Cr.
P. commixtum, Nyl. — B, Cobbler, J. M., S. E.
P. glaucum, Nyl. — A B E F G H L, Inveraray, Cr. ; Dalmellington, S. E. &

O. V. D., etc., etc.

var. fallax. A B L, Inveraray, Cr. ; Ardlui, Auchinleck, S. E. & O. V. D.
P. lacunosum, Nyl. — B, Glen Falloch, Cr.
Evernia prunastri, Ach. — FGHKL, Cumbrae, S. E. & O. V. D. ; Lanark.

H. Herb., Dalmellington, S. E. & O. V. D.
E. furfuracea, Fr.— BFGHL, Duncombe— 1000 ft., L. W. ; Glen Falloch,

Cr. ; Cumnock, S. E. & O. V. D., etc., etc.
var. nuda Cromb. B H M, Glen Falloch, S. E. ; Douglas, S. E. & O. V. D. ;

Crawford John, J. M., S. E.

var. ceratea, Nyl.— B H, Glen Falloch, Cr. ; Falls Clyde, S. E. & O. V. D.
Usnea florida, Ach. — AB, Inveraray, Cr. ; Loch Lomond, St.
U. hirta, Hofm. — AFHKLM, Inveraray, Cr. ; Greenock, Green Herb..

Abington, S.E. & O. Y. D., etc., etc.
U. dasypbga, Nyl.— B H L, Glen Falloch, Falls Clyde, Dalmellington, S. E. &

O. Y. D.-

Alectoria sarmentosa, Ach. var. cincinnata, Nyl. — B, Ben Yoirlich, St.
A. jubata, Ach. — BHL, Glen Falloch, Cr. ; Lanark, H. Herb., Dalmelling-
ton, S. E. & O. Y. D.

var. chalybeiformis, Nyl. — B H L, Ben Yoirlich, St. ; Douglas, Dalmelling-
ton, S.E. &O.Y.D.'

var. lanestris, Ach.— B H, Glen Falloch, Douglas, S. E. & O. V. D.
var. subcana, Nyl. — M, Abington, S. E. & O. Y. D.
Ramalina calicaris, Nyl.—K, Ayr, S. E. & O. Y. D.
R. fraxinea, Ach.— H, Douglas, S. E. & O. Y. D.

var. ampliata. F, Dunoon, St.
R. fastigiata, Ach.—F H, Millport, Green. Herb., Douglas, S. E. &

O. Y. D.
R. farinacea, Ach. — FHJKL, Gryfe, Douglas, Ayr, Cumnock, Ballantrae,

S. E. & O. Y. D.
R. SCOpulorum, Ach.— BEFJ, Tarbet, St.; Arran, Lg. ; Cumbrae, Green.

Herb., Ailsa Craig, Cr.
H. polymorpha, Ach.—K, Girvan, S. E. & O. V. D.

r>8 LICHENS.

E. cuspidata, Ni/l.—F K, Inverkip, Cr. ; Girvan, S. E. & O. V. D.

var. minor. F, Cumbrae, S. E. & O. V. D.

var. breviuscnla. K, Girvan, S. E. & O. V. D.
Physcia obscura, Nyl. — " Common," St.
P. erosa, Leight. — F, Gourock, St.
P. aipolia, Nyl.— K, Knockdolyan, S. E. & O. V. D.

var. cercidia. A, Inveraray, Cr.

V '

P. Stellaris, Nyl. — B F J, Dunoon, St. ; Fairlie, J. M. ; Gourock, H. Herb.,

Balloch, S. E. & O. V. D. ; Ballantrae, S. E. & O. V. D.
Subsp. tenella. BFHKL, Kilmalcolm, Falls Clvde, Girvan, Cumnock,

S. E. & O. V. D. ; Tarbet, St.
P. aquila, Nyl. — ABFK, Inveraray, Glencroe, M'M. ; Cumbrae, H. Herb.

& O. V. D. ; Girvan, S. E.
P. pulvemlenta, Nyl. — FJH, Largs, Cr. ; Ballantrae, S. E. ; Biggar, J. M.,

both O. V. D.

f. pityrea. G, Glasgow, Lg.
f. argyrophaea. H, Douglas, S. E. & W. J.
P. speciosa, Nyl. — B, Glen Falloch, St.

var. hypoleuca. B, Glencroe, M'M.
P. caesia. f. teretiuscula. K, Girvan, S. E., O. V. D.
Anaptychia ciliaris. — "Not unfrequent," St.
Xanthpria polycarpa, Lamy. — M, Abington, S. E. & W. J.
X. parietina. — BEFJKL, Koseneatb, J. P. ; Arran, Lg. ; Cumbrae, Green.

Herb., Cumnock, Ballantrae, etc., S. E., O. V. D.
X. chrysopthalma. — B, Loch Fyne, Ben Brecht, St.
X. flavicans. — J, Ailsa Craig, Lightf.

Lichina confinis, Ach. — BF, Ormidale, St. ; West Kilbride, D. A. B.
L. pygmaea, Ach. — F, West Kilbride, D. A. B.
Ephebe pubescens, Nyl. — B, Rock, Loch Lomond, J. M. & O. V. D.
Coccocarpia plumbea, Nyl. — ABE, Inveraray, Lind. ; Glen Falloch, Cr. ;.

Glencroe, M'M. ; Goatfell, H. Herb. & O. V. D.
var. myriocarpa. G, Campsie, Cr.

Pannaria rubiginosa, Del. — A B, Inveraray, Glen Falloch, Cr.
P. brunnea, Nyl.—& F, Goatfell, Arran, H. Herb. & W. J. ; Bowling

Bay, Cr.

P. caeruleobadia, Mudd. — B, Luss, J. M. & O. V. D.
Pannularia triptophylla, Nyl. — A, Inveraray, Cr.
Stictina intricata, Nyl. — A, Inveraray, Cr.

S. crocata, Nyl.— A B, Inveraray, Cr. ; Ardgarten, M'M. ; Glen Falloch, St.
S. fuliginosa, Nyl. — A B F H, Inveraray, Cr. ; Glencroe, M'M. ; Largs,

J. M. ; Falls Clyde, S. E.
S. limbata, Nyl.— A B H, Inveraray, Cr. ; Tarbet, J. M. & 0. V. D. ; Falls

Clyde, Cr.
S. sylvatica, Nyl.— A. B F H, Inveraray, Cr. ; Glencroe, M'M. ; Falls

Clyde, Cr. ; Fairlie, J. M. & O. V. D.
Ricasolia amplissima, Leight. — A B F G, Inveraray, Loch Long, Rosen eath,

Mugdock, Cr.

E. laetevirens, Leight.— A. E F, Inveraray, Largs, Cr. ; Ormidale, St.
Lobarina scrobiculata, Nyl— A B E F L, Inveraray, Cr. ; Rothesay, H.

Herb. ; Bowling, St. ; Glen Falloch, Loch Doon, S. E., O. V. D.
Lobaria pulmonaria, Ho/m.—A B E G H, Inveraray, Cr. ; Glencroe, M'M. ;

Rothesay, H. Herb. ; Barncluith, Lg. ; Douglas, S. E. & O. V. D.
vars. hypomela and aggregata. A, Inveraray, Cr.
Peltidea apthosa, Ach.— A H L, Inveraray, Cr. ; Falls Clyde, St. ; Dalmel-

lingtou, S. E. & O. V. D. ; Stroine Dhu, H. Herb., O. Y. D.
var. leucophlebia. A, Inveraray, Cr.
Peltigera malacea, Fr.—A L, Inveraray, Cr. ; Dalmellington, S. E. & O. V. D.

LICHENS. 59

P. canina, Hoffm.— B E F G H L, Arran, Lg. ; Ross, L. W. & O. V. D. ;

Inverkip Green, Herb., Campsie, St. ; Cumnock, Falls Clyde, S. E.

& O. V. D.
var. mernbranacea. — B F H L, Garelochliead, L. W. & W. J. ; Bowling, St. ;

Falls Clyde, Dalmellington, S. E. & O. V. D.
P. rufescens, Hoffm.— "Common," St. ; F H, Falls Clyde, Kilmalcolm, S. E.

& O. V. D.

var. praetexta. — B, Garelochhead, L. W. & W. J.

P. polydactyla, Hoffm. — A B E F G, Inveraray, Lind. ; Arran, Lg. ; Kil-
malcolm, S. E., O. V. L>. ; Tarbet, Blantyre, J. M., O. Y. D.
var. hymenina.- — A G, Inveraray, Kenmure, Cr.
P. scutata, Leight. — A B, Inveraray, Cr. ; Glencroe, M'M. ; Luss, J. M. &

O. Y. D.

P. horizontalis, Hoffm. — E F, Arran, Lg. ; Dunoon, Cr.
Nephromium lusitanicum, Schaer. — A B F, Inveraray, Cr. ; Luss, J. M. ;

Dumbarton Castle, Sm.
N. laevigatum, Ach.--B L, Eoss Dim, J.M. ; Dalmellington, S. E., both

O. Y. D.

N. parile, Nyl.—G, Campsie, J. M. & O. Y. D.
Solorina crocea, Ach. — B, Ben Lomond, Cr.
(S. saccata, Ach. — Loch Awe, Cr.)
Collema auriculatum, Hoffm. — A, Inveraray, Lg.
C. furvum, Ach. — E, Ormidale, St.

C. flaccidum, Ach.—F H, Kilmalcolm, Falls Clyde, S. E. & W. J.
C. pulposum, Ach. — F J, Cumbrae, H. Herb., Ballantrae, S. E. & W. J.
C. tenax, Ach. — G, Campsie, Cr.
C. cheileum, Ach. — G, Glasgow, Cr.
C. melaenum, Ach. — B, Ben Arthur, St.
C. fasciculare, Ach. — B, Arrochar, Edin., Herb.
Leptogium lacerum, Gray. — G, Campsie, J. M.
var. fimbriatum. — A, Inveraray, Cr.
var. lophaeum. — Without locality, St.
L. scotinum, B F, Ben Arthur, St. ; Ben Yoirlich, J. M. ; Cumbrae, H.

Herb., S. E.

var. sinuatum. — B F, Gareloch, Lightf. ; Bowling, Cr.
L. tremelloides, Gray. — A B F, Inveraray, Borrer, Loch Lomond, G. ;

Dumbarton, Sm.

L. saturninum, Nyl. — A, Inveraray, Cr.
L. Burgessii, Mont. — A B, Inveraray, Cr. ; Glencroe, M'M.
Collemodium fluviatile, Nyl. — H, Bonnington Fall, Cr.
Pyrenopsis grumulifera, Nyl. — B, Ben Arthur, St.
Collemopsis furfurella, Nyl. — Without locality, St.
Verrucaria mucosa, Wakl. — A F, Ardrishaig, Ardrossan, Cr.
V. epigaea, Pers. — F, Bowling, St.
V. margacea, Wahl. var. acrotella. F, Gourock, St.
V. nigrescens, Pers. — B, Cobbler, St.
V. plumbea, Ach. — E, Ormidale, St.
V. gemmata, Ach. — F, Bowling, St.
V. epidermidis, Ach. — "Common," St.
V. fallax, Nyl.— E, Ormidale, St.
V. antecellens, Nyl. — B, Arrochar, St.
V. litoralis, Tayl'.—&, Ormidale, St.
V. nitescens, Salw. — E, Arran, St.
V. punctiformis, Ach. — B, Arrochar, St.

var. deminitula, Nyl. — E, Ormidale, Arran, St.
V. lectissima, Fr. — B, Ben Arthur, St.
V. nitida, Weig. — F, Dunoon, St.

60 LICHENS.

V. rupifraga, Mass.— B, Ben Arthur, St.

V. Henscheliana, Korb.—B, Ben Voirlich, St.

V. ventosicala, Mudd.—B, Cobbler, St

V. laetevirens, Mass. — B F, Gareloch, Cumbrae, Mass.

Endocarpon miniatum, L.— FHK, Cumbrae, H Herb. ; Falls Clyde, Cr. ;

Girvan, S. E.

var. complicatum. B F H, Tarbet, S. E. & W. J. ; Bowling, Cr. ; Stone-
byres, J. M. & W. J.
var. leptophyllum. B, Ben Lomond, Sm., St.

E. fluviatile, D. C.— BF, Tarbet, J. M. ; Loch Lomond, Cr., St., Kilmalcolm,
S.E.

Normandina laetevirens, Tum.—R, Glencroe, M'M.

N. pulchella, Borr.— B, Glen Falloch, Cr.

Thamnolia vermicularis, Schatr. — B, Ben Voirlich, St.

FUNGI (MICROSCOPIC).

IN the preparation of this list, the chief works used have been Saccardo's
Sylloge Fungorum, Karsten's Revisio Monographica atque Synopsis Ascomy-
cetum in Fennia hucusque detectorum, Phillips's Manual of the British Dis-
comycetes, and Plowright's Monograph of the British Uredineae and Ustilagineae,
besides the various books and papers mentioned below, and several others
which have been consulted for minor details.

The usual mark of authentication (!) is placed after localities from which
specimens have been submitted to one or more of the referees. The numerals
placed after this sign correspond with those in the appended lists of referees
and published works.

When compared with the published results of rnycological research in the
East of Scotland, the list now submitted contrasts very unfavourably as
regards the number of genera and species which it contains. This defect,
however, must not be attributed to climatic or other physical causes. The
genial climate of the West Coast, and the natural configuration of the shores
and islands of the Firth of Clyde, with their luxuriant vegetation and moist
shady glens, afford the very best conditions for the development of microfungi.

In view of the manifest incompleteness of the present list, it may be hoped
that its publication will stimulate local research, and so enable the Mycologi-
cal Flora of the West of Scotland to be ere long as fully and carefully investi-
gated as that of the Eastern counties has already been.

D. A. BOYD, Local Secy. Crypt. Soc. Scot.

I. — REFEREES BY WHOM SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED.

1. Mr. V. H. Blackmail, M.A., F.L.S., British Museum (Natural History).

2. Dr. M. C^Cooke, A.L.S., Kew.

3. Rev. Janies Keith, LL.D., Forres.

4. Mr. Arthur Lister, F.R.S., F.L.S.

5. Mr. George Massee, F.L.S., Kew.

6. Mr. William Phillips, F.L.S., Shrewsbury.

7. Dr. C. B. Plowright, F.L.S., King's Lynn.

8. Miss A. Lorrain Smith, British Museum (Natural History).

9. Prof. James W. H. Trail, M.D., F.L.S., Aberdeen.

II. — WORKS CITED FOR LOCALITIES FOR SPECIES.

10. R. K. Greville— Scottish Cryptogamic Flora.

11. Dr. M. C. Cooke and G. Massee, F.L.S. — Papers on New British Fungi in

later volumes of Gremllea.

12. T. Hopkirk — Flora Glottiana.

13. William Phillips, F.L.S. — Manual of the British Discomycetes.

14. Rev. John Stevenson, LL.D. — Mycologia Scotica.

15. „ „ Supplement to Mycologia Scotica, in
Scottish Naturalist, vol. vi., p. 32.

62 FUNGI.

16. Prof. J. W. H. Trail, M.D. — Report on Fungi of Inveraray District, in

Scottish Naturalist, vol. iv. (New Series), pp. 57-68.

17. Prof. J. W. H. Trail, M.D. — Revision of the Scottish Discomycetes, in

Scot. Nat., vol. iv. (New Series).

18. Prof. J. W. H. Trail, M.D.— New Records for Clyde, in Scot. Nat.,

vol. iv. (New Series), pp. 224-225.

19. Prof. J. W. H. Trail, M.D. — Revision of the Uredineae and Ustilagineae

of Scotland, in Scot. Nat., vol. iv. (New Series).

20. Prof. J. W. H. Trail, M.D. — Revision of the Scottish Perisporiaceae, in

Travis. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Glasgow, vol. iii.

21. Annals of the Glasgow Andersonian Naturalists' Society, vol. ii.

22. Transactions of the British My cological Society, 1897-98, pp. 73-74.

23. „ „ „ 1898-99, p. 115.

24. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1900, pp. 423-424.

25. Dr. M. C. Cooke — Handbook of British Fungi.

26. „ „ Papers in later volumes of Grevillea.

27. Dr. C. B. Plowright — Monograph of the British Uredineae and Ustilagineae.

MYXOMYCETES.

Badhamia utricularis, Bull. — G, Cadder, Prof. T. King ; Craigton, near
Milngavie, Prof. T. King.

B. capsulifera, Bull. — F, Seamill, ! 2.

Physarum citrinum, Schum. (=Ph. Schumacher!, Spr.) — A, Inveraray,

Rev. C. Smith, 14.

Ph. cinereum, Batsch.— "Clyde," 14.

Fuligo septica, Link ( = F. varians, Sommerf.). — FGKL, Common.
Craterium pedunculatum, Trent. — AB, Essachossan, Trail, 16; Blairmore,

Prof. G. F. Scott Elliot, ! 4.

C. minutum, Leers. — A F, Duniquoich, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, ! 3.
Leocarpus fragilis, Dicks.— AY, Inveraray, Rev. Dr. Stevenson, 16;

W. Kilbride.
Tilmadoche nutans, Pers. — F G, W. Kilbride, Prof. T. King ; Cadder,

Mr. R. B. Johnston, 21 ; Darnley, Prof. Scott Elliot, ! 4.
T. mutabilis, Rostf.—" Clyde," 15.
Chondrioderma diffprme, Pers. — "Clyde," 14.
Didymium physaroides, Pers. — F, West Kilbride, ! 3.
Spumaria alba, Bull. — AFG, Essachossan, Trail, 16; Cumbrae, Kennedy

Herbarium ; Lambhill, Kennedy Herbarium.
Comatricha Friesiana, De Bary. — F, Seamill, ! 2.
Stemonitis fusca, Roth. — FG, Duchal, Lochwinnocli ; W. Kilbride, !3;

Cathkin, Prof. Scott Elliot ; Cadder, Kennedy Herbarium.
S. ferruginea, Ehrh.—F, W. Kilbride, ! 3.

Tubulina cylindrica, Bull. — FGL, W. Kilbride, Sorn, Barskimming.
Clathroptychium rugulosum, Wallr. — F, Ardneil Bank Wood, ! 3.
Dictydium cernuum, Pers. — "Clyde," 14.
Reticularia lycoperdon, Bull. — F G L, Lochwinnocli, Prof. T. King ;

W. Kilbride, Carmyle Wood, T. Hopkirk, 12 ; St. Germains, Prof. G. F.

Scott Elliot, ! 4 ; Dalmellington, Mr. R. B. Johnstone, 21.
Perichaena corticalis, Batsch.— F, West Kilbride, ! 3.
Arcyria punicea, Pers. — F, Kilmalcolm, Prof. G. F. Scott Elliot, ! 4.
A. pomifonnis, Roth. — " Clyde," 14.

A. cinerea, Bull.—" Clyde," 14. [T. King.

A. incarnata, Pers. — F, Lochwinnoch, Prof. T. King ; W. Kilbride, Prof.
Lycogala epidendmm, Bux. — F G H K, Frequent.
Trichia fallax, Pers.— " Clyde," 14.
T. botrytis, Pers.— F G, Kilmalcolm, Prof. G. F. Scott Elliot; Darnley,

Prof. G. F. Scott Elliot, ! 4.

FUNGI. 63

T. varia, Pers. — A, Inveraray, Rev. Dr. Stevenson, ! 6. [T. King.

T. chrysosperma, Bull. — F, Finlaystone, Prof. T. King ; W. Kilbride, Prof.
T. affinis, De Bary.—H, Falls of Clyde, Prof. G. F. Scott Elliot, ! 4.

Monadinaceae.

Plasmpdiophora brassicae, War. — F, Seamill.

P. alni, Holler ( = Schinzia alni, War.). — F, Kilmalcolm, Scott Elliot; Largs;

W. Kilbride.

Tetramyxa parasitica, Gobel. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 2 ; Horse Isle.
Phytomyxa leguminosarum, Schrot. (= Schinzia leguminosarum, Frank.)
-F, Seamill, etc.

PHYCOMYCETES.

Mucorineae.

Pilobolus crystallinus, Wigg. — F, W. Kilbride.

Hydrophora stercprea, Tode. — F, Cumbrae, Kennedy Herbarium, ! 7.

Mucor mucedo, Linn. — FG, common.

var. caninus, Pers. — AF, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride.
M. ramosus, Bull. — G, Glasgow, Kennedy Herbarium, ! 7.
Spinellus fusiger, Link. — A F G, Essachossan, Trail, 16 ; Kilmahew,

W. Kilbride, ! 7 ; Gadder.
Rhizopus nigricans, Ehrenb. ( = Ascophora mudeco, Tode.}— "Clyde," 14.

Peronosporeae.

Cystppus candidus, Pers. — A F G K L, Common.

C. spinulosus, De Bary. — F G, W. Kilbride, 3 ; Gadder, Sorn.

C. lepigoni, De Bary.—Y, W. Kilbride, ! 8 ; Horse Isle.

Phytpphthora infestans, Mont. — Very common. [Failford.

Bremia lactucae, Regel. — BFL, Tarbet, Trail, 16; Largs, W. Kilbride,

Perpnospora pygmaea, Unger. — K, Barr.

P. nivea, Unger. — F G K L, frequent.

P. densa, Pers. — F K L, frequent.

P. calotheca, De Bary. — F K, Largs, W. Kilbride, Barr.

P. myosotidis, De Bary. — F, Ardneil Bay (only once found).

P. viciae, Berk.—F, W. Kilbride.

P. alsinearuni, Gasp. — F K, Kilmalcolm, Prof. G. F. Scott Elliot, ! 7 ;

W. Kilbride, Ayr.

P. arenariae, Berk. — F, Largs, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan.
P. parasitica, Pers. — FG, W. Kilbride, Kilmarnock,
P. ficariae, Tul. — F, Largs, W. Kilbride.
P. violae, De~~Bary.—F, W. Kilbride.
P. obovata, Bon. — F, Lochwinnoch, W. Kilbride.

P. trifoliorum, De Bary. — F K L, Largs, W. Kilbride, Ayr, Barr, Tarbolton.
P. grisea, £%.— F, Kilmalcolm, Prof. G. F. Scott Elliot, ! 7 ; W. Kilbride.
P. effusa, Grev.—F K, W. Kilbride, Barr.
P. urticae, Lib.— FK, Kilmalcolm, Prof. G. F. Scott Elliot, !7; W. Kilbride,

Troon, Ayr.

P. Candida, FcM.—F'L, W. Kilbride, Dalmellington, Prof. G. F. Scott Elliot.
P. rumicis, Corda. — F, W. Kilbride.

P. alta, Fckl.—A. F K, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, Barr.
P. SC-rdida, Berk.— V K, W. Kilbride, ! 8 ; Barr.

Entomophthoreae.
Empusa muscae,^.— F, W. Kilbride.

Chytridieae.

Synchitrium stellariae, Fckl. — F, Seamill.

S. taraxaci, De Bary and Wor. — F G L, Frequent.

64 FUNGI.

S. succisae, De Bary and Wor. — F, W. Kilbride.
S. mercurialis, Lib. — F K, W. Kilbride, Barr.

USTILAGINEAE.

Ustilago longissima, Sow. — FGK, Lochwinnoch, W. Kilbride, Gadder, Barr.

U. segetum, Bull. — FG, common.

U. caricis, Pers. — FK, Bridge of Weir, Mr. R. Turner ; W. Kilbride, !8 ; Barr.

U. utriculosa, Nees. — F K, W. Kilbride, Ayr.

U. violacea, Pers.— BFK, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16; W. Kilbride, Barr.

Tilletia tritici, Bjerk.— F, W. Kilbride. [Gailes, ! 8.

T. decipiens, Pers. — A F, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; Lochwinnoch, W. Kilbride,

T. striaeformis, West. — F G K, W. Kilbride, ! 8 ; Kilmarnock, Barr.

Urocystis anemones, Pers.— A. FGK, Essachossan, Trail, 16; Largs,

W. Kilbride, Loudoun, Barr.
U. violae, Sow. — K, Barr.

Entyloma Fergussoni, B. and Br. — F, W. Kilbride.
E. ranunculi, Bon. — F, Largs, W. Kilbride.
E. matricariae, Trail. — F, W. Kilbride, Irvine.
E. microsporum, Ung.—A. F G L, frequent.
E. calendulae, (hid. — F, Noddsdale, W. Kilbride.
Graphiola phoenicis, Moug. — G, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, ! 2, 19.

Protomyceteae.

Protomyces macrosporus, Unger.— F G K L, common.
P. bellidis, Krieger.—F, Seamill, ! 8, 23.

P. pachydermus, Thiim. — F G L, W. Kilbride, ! 8 ; Ardrossan, Dairy,
Kilmarnock, Tarbolton.

UREDINEAE.

Uromyces fabae, Pers. — A F K L, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; Largs, W. Kilbride,
Barr, Tarbolton, Auchinleck.

U. limonii, DC. — F, Kelburne, Portincross, Chapelton Point, Ardrossan ;
Kilwinning, Mr. John Smith, ! 2. [ford.

U. polygon!, Pers. — F K L, Lochwinnoch, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan, Ayr, Fail-

U. trifolii, A. andS.—FK, W. Kilbride, Ardeer, Ayr.

U. geranii, DC.—Y G, Kilwinning, Mr. John Smith ; Blantyre Priory,
Mr. R. Turner.

U. valerianae, Schum. — F, Ardneil.

U. parnassiae, DC. (As Aecidium parnassiae, Grev.) — G, " Near Glas-
gow," Greville, 27.

U. poae, Rabh. (As Aecidium ficariae, Pers.) — FG, common. (Teleuto-
spores)— B F, Ardlui, Prof. G. F. Scott Elliot ; Kilmalcolm, Prof. Scott
Elliot ; W. Kilbride.

U. rumicis, Schum. — FL, Lochwinnoch, Largs, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan ;
Muck Glen, Dalmellington, Prof. Scott Elliot.

U. alchemillae, Pers. — A FGK, common.

U. behenis, DC. — F, Portincross, 19.

U. ervi, Wallr. (As Aecidium ervi, Wallr.)— G, Cathkin, Hennedy Her-
barium, ! 7.

U. ficariae, Schum. — F G, W. Kilbride, ! 8 ; Ardrossan, Neilston.

U. scillarum, Grev. — F K, W. Kilbride, ! 1 ; Greenan Castle, Mr. John
Smith ; Newark, near Ayr.

Puccinia galii, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan, Ardeer.

P. calthae, Link. — F K, Lochwinnoch, Largs, Cumbrae, Mr. R. Turner ;
Ardneil Bank Wood, Ardrossan, Barr.

P. porri, Sow. — F, Portincross.

P. lapsanae, Schultz. — F G K L, common.

P. variabilis, Grev. — A F L, common.

FUNGI. 65

P. pulvemlenta, Grev. — AF, Inveraray, Trail, 16; Largs, W. Kilbride, Blair.

P. violae, Schum. — A F G H K L, very common.

P. albescens, Grev. — F, W. Kilbride.

P. pimpinellae, Strauss. — F G, Gourock, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan, Beith,

Campsie.

P. menthae, Pers. — B F L, common.
P. aegra, Grove. — F, Seamill, Ardeer.
P. primulae, DC. — A F G, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; Gourock, Kelly Glen,

Mr. E. Turner ; Kelburne, W. Kilbride, ! 3 ; Sorn.
P. soldanellae, DC. (As Aecidium soldanellae, Hornsch.) — G, Glasgow

Botanic Gardens, Sir W. J. Hooker, Hooker Herbarium, 14.
P. saniculae, Grev. — F G K, Largs, West Kilbride, ! 3 ; Torrance, Mr. E.

Turner ; Newark, near Ayr.
P. graminis, Pers. (As Aecidium berberidis, Pers.) — F, Gourock. (Teleu-

tospores)—" Clyde," 14.
P. festucae, Plow. (As Aecidium periclymeni, Schum.)- -F K, Largs,

W. Kilbride, Barr. (Teleutospores)— F, W. Kilbride.
P. sessilis, Schneider. — F, Largs, 19 ; W. Kilbride.
P. rubigo-vera, DC. — FGKL, very common.
P. poarum, Nielsen. — A FGKL, very common.
P. Schoeleriana, Plow, and Mag. (As Aecidium compositarum, Mu.rt.y

var. jacobaeae, Grev.) — F, Gourock, Kennedy Herbarium.
P. caricis, Schum. — FK, Cumbrae, Largs, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan, Barr.
P. paludosa, Plow. (As Aecidium pedicularis, Lib.) — F K, Ardrossan, Barr.
P. obscura, Schrot. (As Aecidium compositarum, Mart., var. bellidis,

DC.)— F, Seamill.

P. moliniae, Tul. — A, Glen Aray, Trail, 16.
P. suaveolens, Pers. — A F K L, common.

P. bullata, Pers. ( = P. umbelliferarum, DC., p.p.)— " Clyde," 14.
P. hieracii, Schum. — ABFGKL, common.
P. centaureae, Mart. — B FGKL, common.
P. taraxaci, Plow.—" Clyde," 19.

P. polygon!, Pers. — FL, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan, Tarbolton.
P. oblongata, Link. — A FGKL, common.

P. Baryi, B. andBr. — FGL, Cumbrae, W. Kilbride, Kilniarnock, Sorn, Barr.
P. pruni, Pers.— F, Seamill, ! 9.
P. anthoxanthi, Fckl. — F K, W. Kilbride, Barr.
P. sonchi, Rob.—F, W. Kilbride.

P. lychnidearum, Link. — A F, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, ! 3.
P. campanulae, Carm. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 8.
P. aegopodii, Schum. — FG, W. Kilbride, !3 ; Campsie, Smiddycroft, Mr. E.

Turner.

P. epilobii, DC.— A F, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; Largs, W. Kilbride.
P. umbilici, Guep.— E, Tighnabruaich, Dr. F. B. White, 14.
P. fusca, Relh. — G, Bothwell, Mr. E. Turner.
P. bunii, DC.—F, Lochwinnoch, W. Kilbride, ! 1.
P. Fergussoni, B. andBr.— AE, Duniquoich, Trail, 16; Stonefield, Mr. E.

Turner.

P. adoxae, DC.— F G, W. Kilbride, Garscube.
P. senecionis, Lib. — F, W. Kilbride.
P. glomerata, Grev. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 8 ; Ardrossan.
P. arenariae, Schum. — F, Noddsdale, Kelburne, Mr. E. Turner.
P. chrysosplenii, Grev.— FG, "Clyde," 15; W. Kilbride. Near Glasgow,

Prof. Scott Elliot.

P. veronicae, Schum. — "Clyde," 19.

P. valantiae, Pers.— BFGK, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16 ; Lochwinnoch, W. Kil-
bride, Ashgrove, Neilston, Barr.

E

66 FUNGI.

P. malvaceamm, Mont. — F J K L, Seamill, Dippen, Mr. Wm. Stewart ; Barr,

Failford.

P. circaeae, Pers. — A, "Clyde," 15 ; Inveraray, Trail, 16.
P. veronicarum, DC.— "Clyde," 14.

P. annularis, Strauss. — A F, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, ! 9.
Triphragmium ulmariae, Schum: — E F G K, common.
Phragmidium fragariastri, DC. — FGK, common.
Ph. tormentillae, Fckl. — F, W. Kilbride, 19 ; Ardrossan.
Ph. violaceum, Schnltz. — A F L, frequent.
Ph. rubi, Pers. — K, Auchendrane, Mr. Anderson Fergusson.
Ph. subcorticatum, Schrank. — AFGKL, common.
Ph. rubi-idaei, Pers. — F K, W. Kilbride, Barr.
Gymnosporangium sabinae, Dicks. (As Podisoma sabinae, Fr.) — G,

Dalbeth, Hopkirk, 12.

Cr. juniperinum, Linn. — G, Milngavie, Mr. P. Cameron.
Melampsora lini, Pers. — BFK, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16 ; Gourock, W. Kilbride,

Ardrossan, Barrassie, Barr.
M. farinosa, Pers. — BFGKL, common.
M. vitellinae, DC.- — FG, Seamill, Mains.

M. tremulae, Tul.— AB, Duniquoich, Trail, 16 ; Hell's Glen, Trail, 16.
M. populina, Jacq. — BF, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, Ardrossan, Blair.
M. hypericomm, DC. — F, Millport, Mr. E. Turner ; West Kilbride, ! 1
M. betulina, Pers. — AFGL, Inveraray, Trail, 16; Largs, W. Kilbride,

Ardrossan, Mains ; Sorn, ! 9 ; Auchinleck.
M. circaeae, Schum. — A FGK, Dimiquoich, Trail, 16; Essachossan, Trail, 16;

Largs, W. Kilbride, Calderwood, Mr. E. Turner ; Barr.
M. vacciniorum, Link. — AFGL, frequent.

M. pyrolae, Gmelin. — G, St. Germains, Bearsden, Prof. Scott Elliot, ! 7.
M. cerastii, Pers. — F L, Largs, W. Kilbride, Tarbolton.
Coleosporium senecionis, Pers. — FGK, Fairlie, Mr. E. Turner ; W. Kilbride,

Sorn, Ayr.

C. SOnchi, Pers. — A F G K L, common.
C. campanulae, Pers. — ABFK, Inveraray, Trail, 16; Ardlui, Prof. Scott

Elliot ; Cumbrae, Largs, W. Kilbride, Barr.
C. euphrasiae, Schum. — A B F G L, common.
Uredo symphyti, DC. — FG, Kelly Glen, Mr. E. Turner; Lochwinnoch,

Stevenston, Scotstounhill, Prof. Scott Elliot, ! 7.
U. polypodii, Pers.— -F, Gourock, Hennedy Herbarium.
U. scolopendri, Fckl. ( = Milesia polypodii, B. White) — A F L, Essachossan,

Trail, 16 ; Gourock, Prof. Scott Elliot ; Noddsdale, W. Kilbride,

Dalmellington, Prof. Scott Elliot, ! 7.
TJ. Mullen, Schrot.—F, W. Kilbride, ! 8.

TJ. Lynchii, B. and Br. — G, Kelvinside, ! 2. [Cumbernauld.

Caeoma mercurialis, Pers. — FG, Duchal, Mr. E. Turner; Ardneil Bank,
C. alliprum, Link. — F, Seamill.

Aecidium thalictri, Orev. — B, "Ben Voirlich, near Loch Lomond," Greville, 10.
Ae. grossulariae, Gmel. — FGH, frequent.
Ae. strobilinum, A. and S. ( = Phelonitis strobilina, Pers.) — A, "Clyde"

14 ; Inveraray, Duke of Argyll, ! Sir W. J. Hooker.
Ae. leucospermum, DC. — F, Gourock.

DlSCOMYCETES.

Helvellaceae.

Morchella conica, Pers.— H, Airdrie, Prof. T. King, ! 6. [T. King, ! 6.

M. hybrida, Pers.( = "NL. semilibera, DC.) — FG, Seamill, !6; Darnley, Prof.
Helvella crispa, Scop. — F G, Kilmahew, Prof. King ; Blair, Prof. King ;
Torrance, Prof. King.

FUNGI. 67

H. lacunosa, Afz. — F, W. Kilbride.

H. infula, Schaeff. — G, Thornliebank, ! 6 ; Yoker, Mr. W. Stewart. [King.

H. elastica, Bull. — AE, Essachossan, Phillips, 16; Mount Stewart, Prof.

Leotia lubrica, Scop. — A F G K L, frequent.

Mitmla phalloides, Bull.—EF, Kames Castle, Greville, 10; Gourock,

Kennedy Herbarium, ! 7 ; Innellan, Prof. King.

M. viridis, Pers. — BFG, Loch Lomond, Dickson ; W. Kilbride, Sorn.
Geoglossum difforme, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 3.
G. hirsutum, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride, Prof. King.
G. glabnim, Pers. — F, Gourock, Kennedy Herbarium, ! 7.
Spathularia clavata, Schaeff. ( = S. flavida, Pers.) — G, Gadder, Prof. King ;

Dougalston, Hopkirk, 12 ; Torrance, Prof. King.

Pezizaceae.

Rhizina inflata, Schaeff. — EF, Hafton, ! Bev. Dr. Stevenson ; W. Kilbride, !3.

Peziza (Otidea) onotica, Pers. — A, Essachossan, Trail, 16.

P. (Cochlearia) aurantia, Oeder. — ABG, Inveraray, Stevenson, 16 ; Tarbet,

Trail, 16 ; Clydebank, Prof. King ; Glasgow, Loudoun.
P. (C.) badia, Pers. — A, Inveraray, Stevenson, 16.
P. (C.) cochleata, Bull.— " Clyde,'5 14.
P. (C.) Adae, Sadler.— G, Whiteiuch, Mr. W. Stewart, ! 6.
P. (Pustularia) vesiculosa, Bull. — F G, Seamill, Gadder, Prof. King.
P. (P.) bufonia, Pers.—G, Gadder, Mr. W. Stewart, ! 6.
P. (Humaria) granulata, Bull. — FGK, Fin lay stone, W. Kilbride, 16 ; Blair,

Stevenston, Mains, Torrance, Mauchline.

P. (Pyronema) domestica, Soiv. — G, Crosshill, Mr. W. Stewart, ! 9, 17.
Hymenoscypha (Sclerotinia) sclerotiorum, Lib. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.
H. (S.) tuberosa, Bull. — F, Cumbrae, Kennedy Herbarium, ! 7.
H. (S.) Curreyana, Ber/c.—FK, W. Kilbride, !6 ; Barr, ! 8. (As Sclerotium
roseum, Kmiff.) — AF, Inveraray, Trail, ! 6 ; Ardrossan. [F, W. Kilbride.
H. (S.) baccarum, Schrot. (As sclerotium in berries of Vaccinium Myrtillus)—
H. (Ciboria) luteo-virescens, Rob. — F, W. Kilbride.
H. (C.) firma, Pers.—F, W. Kilbride, ! 2.
H. (Trichoscypha) coronata, Bull. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.
H. (Cyathoidea) petiolorum, Rob. — F, W. Kilbride, Blair.
H. (C.) virgultorum, VaM.—F, W. Kilbride.
H. (C.) fructigena, Bull. — FL, W. Kilbride, Barskimming.
H. (C.) scutula, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 6 ; Ardrossan.
H. (C.) albida, Rob.— F, W. Kilbride.
H. (C.) cyathoidea, Bull.-A.~F, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride.

var solani, Pers.—" Clyde," Trail, 17.
H. (C.) urticae, Pers.—FK, W. Kilbride, Barr.

Chlorosplenium aeruginosum, Fl. Dan. — FGL, W. Kilbride; Craigton,
near Milngavie, Prof. King; Barskimming. [bride, ! 2.

Helotium citrinum, Hedw. — A F, Inveraray, Stevenson, 16 ; Largs, W. Kil-
H. salicellum, Fr.—F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.
H. epiphyllum, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride.
H. marchantiae, Berk.—F, W. Kilbride.

H. pruinosum, Jerd. — F G, Largs, W. Kilbride, ! 6 ; Torrance, Loudoun.
H. herbarium, Pers. — A, Inveraray, Trail, 16.
H. humuli, Lasch. — F, Seamill, ! 8.
Mollisia (Niptera) cinerea, Batsch. — F G, common.

M. (N.) benesuada, Tul.—F, W. Kilbride. [! 6 ; Gadder, Barr.

M. (Pyrenopeziza) atrata, Pers.— AFGK, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride,

var. oenanthes, Phil. — F, W. Kilbride.

var. ulmariae, Lasch. — F K, W. Kilbride, ! 6 ; Barr.

var. mercurialis, Fckl. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.

68 FUNGI.

M. (P.) digitalina, Phil.—F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.

M. (P.) carduorum, Rehm.—F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.

M. (P.) plantaginis, Fckl.—F, W. Kilbride.

M. (P.) arenevaga, Desm. — F, W. Kilbride, !6 ; Ardrossan, Ardeer.

M. (P.) sphaerioides, Desm.— F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.

M. (P.) nibi, Fr.— F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.

M. (Dilutella) filicum, Phil.—F, W. Kilbride.

M. (Mollisiella) versicolor, Desm. — F, W. Kilbride.

Lachnea (Sarcoscypha) coccinea, Jacq. — F G, Finlaystone, Prof. King ;

Innellan, Prof. King ; Largs, W. Kilbride, Hamilton Wood, Hopkirk, 12.

Forma aurea. — F, Ardneil Bank Wood.
L. (S.) macropus, Pers. — F, Blair, Prof King.

L. (Sepultaria) fimbriata, Quel. — G, Whiteinch, Mr. W. Stewart, ! 6.
L. (Scutellinia) trechispora, B. and Br. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 6 ; Ardeer.
L. (S.) miniata, Fckl.—G, Whiteinch, Mr. W. Stewart, ! 6.
L. (S.) scutellata, Linn. — FG, W. Kilbride, Kerelaw, !6 ; Glasgow, Dr. Cooke,

also Kennedy, ! 7. [Kennedy Herbarium.

L. (S.) stercorea, Pers. — FG, Largs, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan; Tollcross,
Dasyscypha cerina, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride.

D. lanariceps, Cke. and Phil. — G, Glasgow Botanic Garden, Mr. W.Stewart, !6.
D. clandestina, Bull. — F, W. Kilbride.
D. palearum, Desm. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.
D. calycina, Schum. — "Clyde," 14.

var. Treyelyani, Cke. — FG, Kilmahew, W. Kilbride, ! 17 ; Mains,
var. Willkommii, Hartig. — A, Glen Aray, Trail, 16.

D. nivea, Hediv. — F G, W. Kilbride, Prof. King ; Mains. [Loudoun.

D. virginea, Batsch. — AFG, Inveraray, Stevenson, 116; W. Kilbride, !6;
D. bicolor, Bull. — K, Barr.

D. echinulata, Awd. — A, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; Essachossan, Trail, 16.
D. crucifera, Phil. — A, Glen Aray, Trail, 16.
D. acutipila, Karst., var. laetior, Karst. — FK, W. Kilbride, Barr.
D. apala, B. and Br. — AFGK, Inveraray, Trail, 16; Largs, W. Kilbride, !6 ;.

Ardrossan, Gadder, Newark, near Ayr.
Lachnella escharodes, B. and Br. — F, W. Kilbride.
L. sulphurea, Pers. — F K, W. Kilbride, ! 3 ; Ardrossan, Barr.
Tapesia rosae, Pers. — F K, W. Kilbride, ! 6 ; Barr.
T. prunicola, Fckl. — K, Barr.
T. fusca, Pers.—F, W. Kilbride, ! 1.

Ascobolaceae.

Ascobolus vinosus, Berk. — F G, W. Kilbride, ! 6 ; Ardrossan, Blair, Sorn.

A. glaber, Pers. — F, Fairlie, W. Kilbride.

A. furfuraceus, Pers. — AFG, Inveraray, Stevenson, 16; W. Kilbride,

Stevenston, Mains, Torrance, Sorn.
A. immersus, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride.
Saccobobus Kerverni, Crouan. — F, Seam ill, ! 6.
S. violascens, Bond. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.
Ascophanus pilosus, Fr., var. ciliatus, Berk. — F, W. Kilbride.

Bulgariaceae.

Bulgarieae,

Bulgaria inquinans, Pers. — AFG, Inveraray, Stevenson, 16 ; W. Kilbride,
Mains, Prof. King ; Cadzow, Prof. King.

Ombrophileae.

Stamnaria equiseti, Hoffm. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 6, 8.

Coryne sarcoides, Jacq. — F G, common.

C. urnalis, Nyl. — FG, W. Kilbride, !6 ; Mains, Torrance, Loudoim.

FUNGI. 69

Calloria fusarioides, Berk. — F K, Cumbrae, Largs, W, Kilbride, ! 6 ; Ar-

drossan, Irvine, Barr.

Orbilia xanthostigma, Fr. — F, Largs, W. Kilbride, ! 3.
0. leucostigma, Fr. — F, Largs, W. Kilbride, ! 3.

0. vinosa, A. and S. — A F, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; Largs,' W. Kilbride, ! 6.
0. marina, Phil. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 6 ; Ardrossan.
Agyrium rufum, Fr. — F, Noddsdale, ! 6.

Dermateaceae.

Cenangium furfuraceum, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride.

Dermatea ulicis, Cooke. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.

D. livida, B. and Br. — F, Dunoon, Plowright, 17.

D. abietina, Auersw. — F, Kilmalcolm, Prof. Scott Elliot, ! 6.

D. rhabarbarina, Berk.— AF, St. Catherine's, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, ! 6.

Patella riaceae.

Karschia lignyota, Fr. — F, Dunoon, Plowright, 14.
Patellaria atrata, Hedw. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 3.

Phacidiaceae.
Triblidieae.

Pseudophacidium callunae, Karst. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 8, 22.
Heterosphaeria patella, Tode. — AFK, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, ! 6 ;

Barr.
Triblidium caliciiforme, Reb. — G, Hamilton, Klotzsch, 14.

Phacidieae.

Coccomyces pini, .1. and S. — F, W. Kilbride.
C. dentatus, Schmidt. — A, Essachossan, Trail, 16.
Rhytisma acerinum, Pers. — ABFGH, Common.

var. punctatum, Pers. — Common.

Eh. salicinum, Pers. — FG, Seamill, Ardeer, Cambuslang.
Rh. empetri, B. White.— F, Noddsdale, ! 1.
Rh. urticae, Fr.— F, W. Kilbride.
Schizothyrium ptarmicae, Desm. — F, W. Kilbride.

Ephelina rhinanthi, Phil.— ABF, Glen Aray, Trail, 16; Hell's Glen,
Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, Ardrossan.

E. prunellae, Phil.—F, Largs, W. Kilbride, ! 6.
Pseudopeziza divergens, Desm. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.

Ps. trifolii, Sern.—AFKL, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, Ayr, Barr,

Auchinlexk.

Ps. cerastiorum, Wallr.—F, W. Kilbride, ! 6.

Ps. calthae, Massee ( = Phacidium calthae, Phil.)—FG,W. Kilbride, Gadder.
Ps. ranunculi, Wcdlr.—AF, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride.
Ps. repanda, Fr.—F, W. Kilbride.
Phacidium ilicis, Lib. — "Clyde," 14 ; common in the stylospore stage known

as Ceuthospora phacidioides, fi'rev., but rarely produces asci.
Trochila craterium, Fr.— FGK, Kilmahew, Largs, W. Kilbride, ! 6, 8 ;

Kilmarnock, Barr.

T. buxi, Capron. — F, Largs, Seamill, ! 6.
T. lauro-cerasi, Desm. — FKL, common.
Stegia ilicis, Fr. — BFL, common.
Celidium varians, Dav. ( = Arthonia varians, Xyl.) — F, W. Kilbride.

Stictideae.

Stictis radiata, Linn. — K, Newark, near Ayr.
S. Stellata, Wallr.—F, W. Kilbride, ! 8, 22.
Nemacyclus niveus, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride.

70 FUNGI.

Propolis faginea, Schrad. ( = P. versicolor, Fr.) — F, Largs, W. Kil bride, !6 ;

Ardrossan, Blair.
Ocellaria aurea, Tul. ( = Peziza lecanora, Schm. and Kze.) — F K, Loch-

winnoch, Dairy, W. Kilbride, Barr.

HYSTERIACEAE.

Lophodermium arundinaceum, Schrad. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 9, 18.

L. hysterioides, Pers.— A, Inveraray, Trail, 16.

L. maculare, Fr. — B, "Clyde," 14 ; Loch Lomond, Greville, 10.

L. herbarum, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride.

L. cladophllum, Lev. — FL, W. Kilbride, !9, 18; Barskimming.

L. juniperinum, Fr.— F, Ardneil Bank.

L. pinastri, Schrad. — F, Gourock, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan.

Acrospermum compressum, Tode. — A, Duniquoich, Trail, 16.

Hypoderma conigenum, Pers. — "Clyde," 14.

H. virgultorum, DC.— F, "Clyde," 14 ; W. Kilbride, ! 3.

Hysterographium fraxini, Pers. — F, "Clyde," 14 ; W. Kilbride.

Dichaena quercina, Pers. — A, Inveraray, Trail, 16.

D. faginea, Pers. — A, Inveraray, Trail, 16.

D. strobilina, Fr.— "Clyde," 14.

D. rugosa, Fr.—1' Clyde," 14.

Colpoma quercinum, Wallr. — F, W. Kilbride.
Hysterium pulicare, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride.
Actidium hysterioides, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 9.

GYMNOASCEAE.

Ascomyces deformans, Berk. — G, near Glasgow.

A. potentillae, Farlow. — A F G, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, Cadder.

A. Tosquinetii, West.—B, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16.

A. Sadebeckii, Mans— A B, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; Hell's Glen, Trail, 16.

A. alni, B. and Br. — F, W. Kilbride.

A. turgidus, Sadeb. — AFG, common.

PERISPORIACEAE.
Erysipheae.

Sphaerotheca pannosa, Wallr. — A F, St. Catherines, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride.

S. Castagnei, Lev. — A F G K, common.

S. epilobii, Link. — F, Lochwinnoch, Noddsclale.

Podosphaera oxyacanthae, DC. — F G L, common.

Phyllactinia corylea, Pers. — "Clyde," 14.

Erysiphe Linkii, Lev.— F, W. Kiibride.

E. Martii, Lev. — FGL, W. Kilbride, Stevenston, Mains, Mauchliue, Tar-

bolton, Auchinleck.

E. umbelliferarum, De Bary.—" Clyde," 20.

E. graminis, DC. — "Clyde," 20 ; common as Oidium monilioides, Link.
E. communis, Wallr.—11 Clyde," 14.
E. galeopsidis, DC.—F, Largs, W. Kilbride.
E. cichoracearum, DC. — FGL, Largs, W. Kilbride, Kilmarnock, Loudonn,

Failford.

Uncinula aceris, DC. — A B, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; Tarbet, Trail, 16 ; Blairmore.
Microsphaera berberidis, DC. — "Clyde," 14.
M. grossulariae, Wallr. — "Clyde," 14.

Perisporieae.

Eurotium herbariorum, Wigg.— FG, common.
Penicillium crustaceum, Linn. — " Clyde," 20.
Capnodium salicinum, A. and S — "Clyde," 20.
Asterina veronicae, Lib. — A, Glen Aray, Trail 16.

FUNGI. 71

PYRENOMYCETES.

Hypocreaceae.

Claviceps purpurea, Ft: (As Sclerotium clavus, DC.) — E F G, Arran, Prof.

King ; W. Kilbride, Ardrossan, Ardeer, Sorn.
Cordyceps militaris, Linn. — FG, \V. Kilbride, 13 ; Cadder.
C. ophioglossoides, Ehrh. — F, Crosbie, near West Kilbride.
C. capitata, Holmsk. — F, Inveraray, Stevenson, 16.
Epichloe typhina, Pers. — F G K, Lochwinnoch, Fairlie Glen, W. Kilbride, ! 8 ;

"About Glasgow," Hopkirk, 12 ; Barr.
Calonectria Plowrightiana, Sacc. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 5, 8.
Gibberella pulicaris, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride.
Gr. cyanogena, Desm. — F, Seaniill, ! 5.

Hypocrea ntfa, Pers.— FG, "Clyde," 15 ; W. Kilbride, 13 ; Loudoun, ! 9.
H. moriformis, Cke. and Massee. — F, Ardrossan, ! 8.
Hypomyces aurantius, Pers. — "Clyde," 14.
Nectria cinnabarina, Tode. — FG, common.
N. ribis, Tode.— F K, Seamill, ! 2 ; Barr.
N. sinopica, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride.

N. coccinea, Pers. — FG, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan, Cadder, Loudoun, ! 9.
N. aquifolii, Fr.—F, W. Kilbride.
N. sanguinea, Sibth. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 2 ; Ardrossan.
Eleutheromyces subulatus, Fckl. ( = Sphaeronema subulatum, Tode.)— B,

Tarbet, Greville, 10.

Dothidiaceae,

Rhopographus filicinus, Fr. — F, Cumbrae, W. Kilbride, ! 5.

Plowrightia ribesia, Pers. — F K, "Clyde," 14 ; Seamill, ! 5 ; Barr.

Scirrhia rimosa, A. and 8. — F, W. Kilbride.

Dothidea tetraspora, B. and Br. — F, W. Kilbride.

Phyllachora ulmi, Duv. — F, "Clyde," 14 ; Largs, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan.

Ph. heraclei, Fr.— FL, W. Kilbride, Tarbolton.

Ph. graminis, Pers. — F, Largs, W. Kilbride.

Ph. junci, Fr. — A F G K, common.

Ph. trifolii, Pers.—F K, W. Kilbride, Ayr.

Ph. angelicae, Fr. — FGL, Largs, W. Kilbride, Dairy, Ardrossan, Loudoim,

Mauchline, Tarbolton.
Ph. podagrariae, Roth. — FGL, frequent.

Sphaeriaceac.
Sphaerieae.

Cryptospora SufFusa, Fr. — F K, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan, Barr.

C. corylina, Tul.—F, W. Kilbride.

Sillia ferruginea, Pers. — F K, Largs, W. Kilbride, Barr.

Ophiobolus porphyrogonus, Tode. — F, W. Kilbride.

0. acuminatus, Sow. — F, W. Kilbride.

0. immersus, Trail. — B, Tarbet, Trail, 16.

Pleomassaria siparia, B. and Br. — F, W. Kilbride.

Cucurbitaria berberidis, Pers. — F, Seamill.

C. laburni, Pers. — F, Seamill, Ardrossan.

C. spartii, De Not. — F K, Lochwinnoch, W. Kilbride, Barr.

Pleospora herbarum, Pers. — F G, common.

Ceratosphaeria crinigera, Cke. — F, Dunoon, Plowright, 14.

Massarina eburnea, Tul. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 1 ; Dairy.

Chaetosphaeria callimorpha, Mont. — "Clyde," 14.

Hypospila bifrons, Fr.— "Clyde," 14.

72 FUNGI.

Metaphaeria persistens, B. and Br.—Y, W. Kilbride.

M. dumetorum, Niessl. — F, Seam ill, ! 8.

Pseudovalsa lanciformis, FT. — F, W. Kilbride.

Melanomma pulvis-pyrius, Pers. — F, "Clyde," Stevenson, 14 ; W. Kilbride.

M. Aspegrenii, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 5.

Leptosphaeria doliolum, Pers. — BF, Tarbet, Trail, 16; Largs, W. Kil-
bride, !3.

L. conoidea, De Not. — B, Tarbet, Trail, 16.

L. agnita, Desm. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 8.

L. acuta, Moug. — FK, Cumbrae, Largs, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan, Ardeer,
Irvine, Barr.

L. pellita, Rabh.—" Clyde," 14.

L. rusci, Wallr. — F, Largs, W. Kilbride, ! 3 ; Blair.

Clypeosphaeria Notarisii, Fckl. — B F, Loch Lomond, Cumbrae, W. Kilbride.

Massaria foedans, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride ! 1.

M. inquinans, Tode. — F, W. Kilbride ! 1 ; Ardrossan.

Diaporthe pulla, Nth.— F, Largs, W. Kilbride ! 8 ; Perceton.

D. occulta, FcM.—F, W. Kilbride, ! 5.

D. inaequalis, Curr. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 5.

D. Ryckholtii, West. — F, Seamill.

D. Landeghemiae, West. — F, Seamill.

D. lirella, Moug. and Nestl. — F, W. Kilbride.

Melanconis stilbostoma, Fr. — F G, W. Kilbride, Sorn.

Gibbera vaccinii, Sow. — F, Noddsdale, ! 9, 18.

Venturia alchemillae, Grev. — BG, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16 ; Sorn, ! 9.

V. exosporioides, Desm. — A. Duniquoich, Trail, 16.

Bertia moriformis, Tode. — " Clyde," 14.

Stigmatea Robertiani, Fr. — BFK, Loch Lomond, Prof. Scott Elliot;
Loch win n och, Cumbrae, W. Kilbride, ! 1 ; Ardrossan, Barr.

S. ostruthii, Fr. — F, Dairy.

Sphaerella maculaeformis, Pers. — "Clyde," 14.

S. vaccinii, Cke. — A, Glen Aray, Trail, 16.

S. microspila, B. and J3r.—A, Essachossan, Trail, 16.

S. cerastii, Rabh. — A, Glen Aray, Trail, 16.

S. rumicis, Desm. — FKL, common.

Didymosphaeria conoidea, Niessl. — F, W. Kilbride.

Botryosphaeria dothidea, Moug. and Fr. — F G, W. Kilbride, Kilmarnock.

B. advena, Ces. and De Not. — F, W. Kilbride.

Ditopella fusispora, De Not. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 8 : Ardrossan.

Laestadia faginea, Auersio. — AFG, common.

Xylaria Hypoxylon, Linn.— AFGL, common.

X. carpophila, Pers.—F, W. Kilbride.

Ustulina VUlgaris, Tul.—Y, W. Kilbride, ! 8 ; Blair.

Hypoxylon coccineum, Bull. — F G, Largs, W. Kilbride, ! 2 ; Loudoun.

H. fuscum, Pers. — FK, Cumbrae, Largs, W. Kilbride, !3 ; Barr.

H. multiforme, Fr. — F L, W. Kilbride, ! 3 ; Barskimming.

H. rubiginosum, Pers. — F, Largs, W. Kilbride.

Daldinia concentrica, Bolt. — F, W. Kilbride.

Anthostomella phaeosticta, Berk. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 8.

Anthostoma turgidum, Fr. — FG, W. Kilbride, ! 1 ; Torrance, Loudoun, ! 8.

Sordaria coprophila, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride.

Chaetomium comatum, Tode. — G, Glasgow, Dr. Secular, 10; "Clyde," 14.

Diatrypella verruciformis, Ehrh. — G, Loudoun, ! 9.

D. favacea, Fr. — F L, W. Kilbride, Barskimming.

Diatrype stigma, Hoffm. — F G L, common.

D. disciformis, Hoffm. — FGL, frequent.

Eutypa flavo-virescens, Ehrh. — FG, Largs, W. Kilbride, Loudoun, ! 9.

FUNGI. 73

Cryptosphaeria millepunctata, Cfrev. — F, W. Kilbride.

Valsa lauro-cerasi, TuL—F, W. Kilbride.

V. ambiens, Pers. — FK, Largs, W. Kilbride, Barr.

V. salicina, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride.

V. Curreyi, Ntke.—F, W. Kilbride.

Microthyrieae.

Microthyrium microscopicum, Desm. — AF, Glen Aray, Trail 16; W. Kil-
bride.

TUBERACEAE.

Elaphomyces granulatus, Fr. — A, Inveraray, Stevenson, 16.
E. variegatus, Vitt. — F, Crosbie, near W. Kilbride.

FUNGI INCOMPLETI.

SPHAEROPSID KAE.
Sphaerioideae.

Phyllosticta ribicola, Fr. — F, Seamill.

Ph. garryae, Cke and Harkness. — F, Largs, West Kilbride.

Ph. lonicerae, West.— A F G L, Glen Aray, Trail, 16; W. Kilbride,

Loudoun, Barskimming.

Ph. sambuci, Desm. — AF, St. Catherines, Trail, 16; NoddsdaJe.
Ph. ligustri, Sacc.— BF, Tarbet, Trail, 16 ; Seamill, ! 9, 18.
Ph. maculiformis, Sacc. — A, Essachossan, Trail, 16.
Ph. tiliae, Sacc. and Spe.g. — F, W. Kilbride.
Ph. trollii, Trail.— E, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16.
Ph. argentinae, Desm. — A, St. Catherines, Trail, 16.
Ph. ulmariae, Thiim. — A, Inveraray, Trail, 16.
Ph. teucrii, Sacc. and Speg. — F L, Cnmbrae, Largs, W. Kilbride, ! 9 ; Dairy,

Failford.

Phoma Ryckholtii, Sacc. — F, Seamill.
Ph. Landeghemiae, Ntke. — F, Seamill, ! 9, 18.
Ph. Mulleri, Cke.—F, Seamill, ! 9.
Ph. callunae, Karst. — F, W. Kilbride.
Ph. pulla, Sacc,— F, W. Kilbride.
Ph. cylindrospora, Desm. — F, Seamill, ! 9.
Ph. nepenthes, Cke. and Massee. — G, Kelvinside, ! 2, 11.
Ph. herbarum, West. — F, West Kilbride.

Ph. acuta, Er.— BF, Tarbet, Trail, 16 ; Cnmbrae, Largs, W. Kilbride.
Ph. malprum, Berk. — F, Seamill.

Ph. laminariae, Cke. and Massee. — F, West Kilbride, ! 2, 11.
Asteroma pyri, Rob. and Desm. — F, Seamill.
A. salicis, Rob. and Desm. — F, W. Kilbride.
A. ulmi, Klotzsch.—A, Inveraray, Trail, 16.
A. prunellae, Purt. — F, Largs, W. Kilbride.
A. juncaginearum, Rabh. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 5.
Vermicularia trichella, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride.
V. dematium, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride.
V. atramentaria, B. and Br. — F, W. Kilbride.
Cytospora chrysosperma, Pers.- "Clyde," 14.
C. Curreyi, Sacc.— F, W. Kilbride, ! 5.
C. lauro-cerasi, Fckl. — F, W. Kilbride.

var. ramulorum, Sacc. — FG, W. Kilbride, Kilmarnock.
Ceuthospora phacidioides, Grev.—FG~L, Largs, W. Kilbride, !3; Torrance,

Loudoun, Barskimming.
Coniothyrium Fuckelii, Sacc.— F, Seamill, ! 9, 18.

74 FUNGI.

C. hederae, Desm. — F, Largs, W. Kilbride.
C. kerriae, Le Bret.—F, Seamill, ! 8, 23.
C. Boydeanum, A. L. Smith.— F, Seamill, ! 8, 24.
C. conoideum, Sacc. — F, W. Kilbride.

C. concentricum, Desm. — F, Halkshill, Hunterston.
Diplodia pruni, Fckl. — F, Seamill, ! 8.

D. crataegi, West. — F, W. Kilbride.
Ascochyta pallor, B. and Br. — F, Seamill, !9, 18.
A. pisi, Lib. — F, Seamill.

A. potentillarum, Sacc. — A, St. Catherines, Trail, 16. [leek,

Actinonema rosae, Lib. — FGL, Skelmorlie, W. Kilbride, Sorn, !9; Auchin-
Darluca fihim, Biv.- AFG, Glen Aray, Trail, 16; Cumbrae, W. Kilbride,

Sorn, !9.

Diplodina ammophilae, Trail.— F, W. Kilbride, ! 9. [!9, 18.

Hendersonia sarmentorum, West., var. berberidis, Trail.- -F, Seamill,
H. rubi, West. — F K, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan, Barr.

Prosthemium betulinum, Kunze. — F, W. Kilbride. [16,

Stagonospora, subseriata, Desm., var. moliniae, Trail.— A., Glen Aray, Trail,
Camarosporium laburni, West.—F, Seamill.
C. spartii, Trail.— F, W. Kilbride.
C. macrosporum, B. and Br. — F, Seamill.
C. metableticum, Trail. — F, W. Kilbride, Ardeer.
Septoria rosae, Desm. — A, St. Catherines, Trail, 16.
S. hederae, Desm.—11 Clyde," 14.
S. ribis, Desm. — A, Duniquoich, Trail, 16.
S. viburni, West.—F, W. Kilbride.
S. unedinis, Desm. — G, Glasgow. Cooke, 26.

S. avellanae, B. and Br. — AB, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; Hell's Glen, Trail, 16,
S. myricae, Trail. — A, Glen Aray, Trail, 16.
S. gei, Rob. and Desm.—BFGK, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16; W. Kilbride,,

Ardrossan, Dairy, Kilmarnock, Barr.

S. tormentillae, Desm. and Rob.-- A, Inveraray, Trail, 16.
S. hyperici, Desm. — A, Duniquoich, Trail, 16.
S. lychnidis, Desm. — F, W. Kilbride.
S. stellariae, Rob. and Ztesm.— BFKL, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride,

Ayr, Failforcl, ! 9.

S. lepidii, Desm. — F G, W. Kilbride. Near Glasgow, Cooke, 26
S. anemones, Desm. — K, Barr.
S. ficariae, Desm.—11 Clyde," 14.
S. heraclei, Desm. — AF L, St. Catherines, Trail, 16; W. Kilbride, Ardrossau,

Tarbolton.

S. podagrariae, Lasch. — FGL, common.
S. petroselini, Lib. — F, Seamill, ! 8.
S. hydrocotyles, Desm. — F, Cumbrae, W. Kilbride.
S. lysimachiae, West.— H, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16.
S. prunellae, Trail.— B F, Tarbet, Trail, 16 ; Hell's Glen, Trail, 16 ;

W. Kilbride.

S. stachydis, Rob. and Desm. — F G K L, common.
S. scabiosicola, Desm. — AFG, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, Glasgow,

Cooke, 26.

S. obscura, Trail.— B, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16.
S. polygonorum, Desm., var. persicariae, Trail. — AF, St. Catherines,

Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride.

S. urticae, Desm. and Rob. — B F L, Tarbet, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, Failford.
S. graminum, Desm., var. moliniae, Trail. — A, Glen Aray, Trail, 16.
Phleospora ulmi, Fr. — AF, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; Largs, W. Kilbride.
Dilophospora graminis, Desm. — F K, W. Kilbride, ! 8 ; Barr.

FUNGI. 75

Leptostromeae.

Leptothyrium periclymeni, Desm. — F, W. Kilbride.

L. alneum, Lev.— BF, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride.

L. rubi, Duby.—F, W. Kilbride, ! 9, 18.

L. litigipsum, Desm. — F, W. Kilbride.

Melasmia acerina, Lev. — F G K L, common ; early stage of Rhytisma

acerinum.

M. punctata, Sacc. and Roum. — Common.
Leptostroma virgultomm, Sacc. — F, W. Kilbride.
L. herbarum, Fr. — A, Glen Aray. Trail, 16.
L. filicinum, Fr. — G, Glasgow, Cooke, 26.
Discosia artocreas, Tode. — F, W. Kilbride ! 5.

Excipuleae.
Discella carbonacea, Fr. — FK, W. Kilbride, ! 1, 8 ; Ardrossan, Barr.

MELANCONIEAE.

Gloeosporium tiliae, Oud. — FG, W. Kilbride, Blair, Mains, Londoun, ! 9.

G. ribis, Lib. — A F, St. Catherines, Trail, 16 ; Largs, Seam ill.

G. paradoxum, De Not. — FK, Cum brae, AV. Kilbride, !8 ; Barr.

G. affine, Sacc.—-G, Kelvinside, ! 2.

G. elasticum, Cke. and Massee. — G, Glasgow Botanic Garden, 111.

G. fagi, Desm. and Rob. — A F, Essachossan, Trail, ! 16 ; W. Kilbride, Blair.

G. umbrinelrum, B. and Br. — A, Essachossan, Trail, 16.

G. betulae, Lib.—AF, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride.

G. cinctum, B. and C. — G, Kelvinside, ! 2.

Myxosporium griseum, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride.

Cylindrosporium ficariae, £erk.— ~F, W. Kilbride.

Cryptosporium Neesii, Corda. — F, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan.

var. betulinum, Sacc. — -F, W. Kilbride.
Libertella rosae, Desm. — F, Seamill.
L. blepharis, A. L. Smith. — F, Seamill, ! 24.
L. cprticola, A. L. Smith. — F, Seamill, ! 24.
L. ribis, A. L. Smith.- -F, Seamill, ! 24.

L. faginea, Desm.- F L, W. Kilbride, ! 1 : Barskimming, ! 9.
L. salicis, A. L. Smith.— F, W. Kilbride/! 24.

Melanconium sphaeroideum, Link. — F, W. Kilbride. [Barr.

M. bicolor, Xees.—R F G K, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16 ; Largs, W. Kilbride, Sorn,
Thyrsidium hedericolum, De Not. — F, Largs, W. Kilbride, ! 1, 5.

var. carpini, Sacc. — F, "VV. Kilbride, ! 8, 22.

Th. botryosporum, Mont.— F, Largs, W. Kilbride, ! 5. [Trail, 16.

Marsonia potentillae, Desm., var. anserinae, Trail. — A, Essachossan,
Stilbospora macrosperma, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 5.
Coryneum disciforme, Kunze and Schm. — F, W. Kilbride.
Scolecosporium fagi, Lib. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 5.
Asterosporium Hoffmannii, Kunze. — FGL, Largs, W. Kilbride, ! 5 ; Dairy,

Torrance, Barskimming.
Steganosporium piriforme, Hoffm. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 5, 8.

HYPHOMYCETES.
Mucedineae.

Oospora ovalispora, Sacc. and Yogi. ( = Torula ovalispora, Berk.) — F, AV.

Kilbride, ! 3.

0. epilobii, Corda. — A, Duniquoich, Trail, 16.
Cylindrium flavovirens, Bon. — F, W. Kilbride.

Oidium erysiphoides, Fr. — BF, Tarbet, Trail, 16 ; Lochwinuoch, Largs.
0. leucoconium, Desm. — F G, Skelmorlie, W. Kilbride, Gadder, etc. ; common.

76 FUNGI.

0. monilioides, Link. — F G L, Largs, W. Kilbride, Mains, Cadder, Glasgow,

Kilmarnock, Failford, Auchinleck.
Botryosporium diffusum, Grev. — F, W. Kilbride.
Trichoderma lignorum, Tode. ( = T. viride, Pers.)— F G, W. Kilbride,

Glasgow, Cooke, 26 ; Loudoun.
Aspergillus glaucus, Link.--¥G, common.
Penicillium glaucum Link. — G, Glasgow, Cooke, 26.
Sporotrichum chlorinum, Link. — G, Glasgow, Cooke, 26.
Botrytis (Polyactis) vulgaris, Link. — "Clyde," 14.
B. (P.) cana, Kunze. — G, Glasgow, Cooke, 26.
B. (P.) cinerea, Pers. — FG, Kilmalcolm, W. Kilbride ; Glasgow, Cooke, 26.

var sclerotiophila, Kunze. — F, W. Kilbride.
Ovularia sphaeroidea, Sacc. — A F L, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride,

Mauchline, Tarbolton.
O. veronicae, Fckl. — BFGL, Tarbet, Trail, 16; Noddsdale, Knightswood,

Sorn, Barskimming.

0. primulana, TMim.— BF, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, ! 9.
0. bistortae, Fckl. — A F G, Inveraray, Trail, 16; W. Kilbride, Assloss Glen.
O. obliqua, Cke. — A F G, common.
Sepedonium chrysospermum, Bull. — A F G L, common.
Acrostalagmus cinnabarinus, Corda. — F, Seamill, ! 8.
Trichothecium roseum, Link.—F G, W. Kilbride, ! 1 ; Glasgow, Cooke, 26 ;

Lambhill Wood, Kennedy Herbarium.
Didymaria Ungeri, Corda. — B F G L, common.
Eamularia violae, Trail. — A, Inveraray, Trail, 16.

E. ulmariae, Cke. — BF, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride, Ardrossan.
E. epilobii, Schn.— ABG, Glen Aray, Trail, 16; Hell's Glen, Trail, 16;

Loudoun, ! 9.

E. valerianae, Speg. — F G, W. Kilbride, Loudoun, ! 9.
E. lampsanae, Desm. — BK, Hell's Glen, Trail, 16 ; Barr.
E. pruinosa, Fckl. — A, Essachossan, Trail, 16.
E. variabilis, Fckl. — A, Inveraray, Trail, 16.

E. calcea, Desm. — A F G, Inveraray, Trail, 1 6 ; W. Kilbride, Mains, Loudoun.
E. plantaginis, E. and M. — AB, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; Tarbet, Trail, 16.
E. pratensis, Sacc. — AB, Inveraray, Trail, 16; Hell's Glen, Trail, 16;

Tarbet, Trail, 16.
E. urticae, Ces. — ABFL, Essachossan, Trail, 16; Tarbet, Trail, 16;

W. Kilbride, Auchinleck.
E. rufibasis, B. and Br. — AE, Glen Aray, Trail, 16 ; Tighnabruaicb, Dr. B.

White, 14.
Helicomyces roseus, Link. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 8.

Dematieae.

Hormiscium pithyophilum, Nees. — B G, Roseneath, Mr. .1. Paterson, ! 7, 21 ;

Glasgow, Cooke, 26.

Periconia byssoides, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride.
P. nigrella, Berk.— F, W. Kilbride.

Camptoum curvatum, Kunze and Schin. — F, Portincross.
G-oniosporium puccinioides, Kunze and Sckm. — F, W. Kilbride.
Zygodesmus fuscus, Corda. — F G, West Kilbride, ! 1 ; Blair, Mains,

Loudoun, ! 9.

Graphiopsis chlorocephala, Fres. — A, Essachossan, Trail, 16.
Dematium hispidulum, I'ers. — G, Glasgow, Cooke, 26.
Clasterosporium fungorum, Fr. — F G, W. Kilbride, Glasgow, Cooke, 26.
Fusicladium dendriticum, Fckl. — F, Seamill.
Polythrincium trifolii, Kunze and Schin. — FKL, W. Kilbride, Ayr,

Auchinleck.

FUNGI. 77

Cladosporium fulvum, Cke. — G, near Glasgow.

C. herbarum, LmL—F, W. Kilbride.

Cercospora ii, Trail. — A, Essachossau, Trail, 16.

C. microsora, Sacc. — A, Inveraray, Trail, 16.

C. mercurialis, FckL — A, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; St. Catherine's, Trail, 16.

Heterosporium algarum, Cke. and Masses. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 2.

Dendryphium comosum, Wallr. — F, W. Kilbride.

Coniothecium amentacearum, Corda. — F K, W. Kilbride, Barr.

C. betulinum, Corda. — F, W. Kilbride.

Speira toruloides, Corda. — F, Searuill.

Tetraploa aristata, B. and Br. — F, W. Kilbride.

Macrosporium cheiranthi, Fr. — F, Seamill.

Fumago vagans, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride.

Stilbeae.

Isaria farinosa, Dicks. — F, W. Kilbride, ! 3.

I. arachnophlla, Ditm. — A, Essachossan, Trail, 16.

I. citrina, Pers. — G, Gadder, Kennedy Herbarium, !7.

Isariopsis carnea, Oud. — AF, Inveraray, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride.

I. albo-rosella, Desm. — F L, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan, Auchinleck.

Ceratium hydnoides, A. and S. — "Clyde," 15.

Tubercularieae.

Tubercularia vulgaris, Tode. — F G, common.

T. nigricans, Bull.—F, W. Kilbride.

T. con.fl.uens, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride, Ardrossan.

T. sarmentorum, Fr.—F, W. Kilbride.

T. herbarum, Fr.—F, W. Kilbride.

Hymenula vulgaris, Fr. — F, Seamill.

Illosporium roseum, Schreb. — FG, "Clyde," 15 ; West Kilbride, Ardrossan,,

Sorn.

Volutella citrina, Cke. and Massee. — F, Seamill, 111.
Bactridium flavum, Kunze and Schm. — F, Ardneil Bank Wood, ! 3.
Fusarium roseum, Link. — F, W. Kilbride.

SCLEROTIA.

Sclerotium roseum, Knei/.—AFK, Inveraray, Trail, 16; W. Kilbride,

Ardrossau, Barr.

S. durum, Pers. — A F, very abundant.

S. nervale, Fr. — AF, Essachossan, Trail, 16 ; W. Kilbride.
S. semen, Tode.—F, Seamill, ! 2.
S. hyacinthi, Guep. — A, Dimiquoich, Trail, 16.
S. clavus, DC.— EFG, Arran, Prof. T. King; W. Kilbride, Ardrossan,

Ardeer, Sorn.

HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETES.

STUDY of Fungi in the West of Scotland may be said to date from the
visit of the Cryptogamic Society to Glasgow in 1880. Kennedy, it is true,
had taken it up to some extent, and has left a considerable number of
specimens of the Polypori, correctly named, in the Technical College
Museum, but he seems to have had no helpers or successors, until the
late Professor Thomas King, with one or two other members of the Natural
History Society, entered upon it at the date named. It is due to the visits
•of the Cryptogamic Society, of which Mr. King afterwards became Local
Secretary and Treasurer, and greatly to his enthusiasm, that there is any
•material for a record of this section of the Cryptogams of this district.

The list has been drawn up, as to arrangement and nomenclature, accord-
ing to the Rev. Dr. Stevenson's Hymenomycetes Britannici, and, for the
'Gastromycetes, that in Mr. George Massee's British Fungus Flora.

In these two families, as given in the works named, there are 1749 species
of which 538 have been recorded for the Clyde area. The district, however,
has not been very thoroughly examined, except in those sections easily
accessible ; indeed for two of them, D-I (Kintyre, south of Ardrishaig), and
K (South Ayrshire), there is not a single record, while in others the number
is comparatively few, as shown in the following statement for the various
sections : A, 172 species ; B, 178 ; C, 82 ; D-I, 0 ; E-J, 61 ; F, 278,
•G, 356 ; H, 87 ; K, 0 ; L-M, 128.

The following species, not in Hymenomycetes Britannici, are in the list :
Ag. (Psilocybe) sarcocephalus, Fr. Craigends, (F.) R. B. Johnston ; Bolbitius
bulbillosus, Fr. Largs, (F.) W. S. ; Russula azurea, Bres., and R. caerulea,
Pers., Rossdlm, (B.) Dr. Plowright ; var. nivea, Pers. of K. fragilis, and
var. niveus of Boletus scaber, Buchanan Castle, (C.) Dr. Plowright ; Poly-
porus sanguineus, Fr., P. pergamenus, Fr., and Stereum lobatum, Kunze,
Botanic Gardens, (G.) R. Paterson, certified by Dr. M. C. Cooke ; Cyphella
capula, Fr., var. cernua, Schum., West Kilbride, (F.) D. A. Boyd ; and three
Clavariae, certified by Dr. Cooke as C. fragilis, C. helvola, and C. Candida,
Botanic Gardens, (G.) W. S.

The records of the Cryptogamic Society of Scotland, the lists of the late
Professor Thomas King, Mr. D. A. Boyd, West Kilbride, and the local
secretary, and the collections made during the course of the work by willing
assistants of the Natural History and Andersonian Societies, are the main
sources from which the material has been drawn. The list was submitted
to and approved by the Society at Boat-of -Garten, 18th September, 1900.
The Society's referees for rare, uncommon, and critical species were : the
Rev. John Stevenson, LL.D., F.R.S.E., Glamis ; Rev. James Keith, LL.D.,
Forres ; Rev. David Paul, LL.D., Edinburgh ; and Dr. C. B. Plowright,
Kings Lynn, of the British Mycological Society ; to all of whom thanks are
due. Thanks are also due to Mr. Lymburn and Mr. Barrett for facilities
for research in the University and Mitchell Libraries ; and to Mr. G. F.
.Scott Elliot, M.A., B.Sc., F.L.S., F.R.G.S., for access to records and aid in

HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETES. 79

collecting ; to Mr. R. B. Johnston, Honorary Secretary of the Andersonian
Naturalists' Society, who collated the material for the Gastromycetes ; and
to him and others for researches in various districts.

WILLIAM STEWART,
Local Secy. Crypt. Soc. Scot.

FUNGI (HYMENOMYCETES).

Order I. Agaricini.
GENUS. I. AGARICUS.

Series I. Leucospori.

Sub-genus L, Amanita, Fr. — A. virosus, Fr. — G, Cadder Wilderness.
A. phalloides, Fr.— ABFG.

A. mappa, Fr. — A B C, Inveraray, Rossdhu, Drymen.
A. muscarius, Linn. — A BE&IFGL&M.
A. panth.eri.nus, DC. — F G, Hafton, London Castle, Cadder W.
A. excelsus, Fr. — G, Cadder W.
A. rubescens, Pers.— A BCE&IFGHL&M.
A. spissus, Fr. — F G H, West Kilbride, Cadder W., Craigton Wood, London

Castle, Symington.
A. nitidus, Fr. — B, Rossdhu.
A. vaginatus, Bull— A. BCE&IFGHL&M.

var. f ulvus, SchaeJf.—F G, Cadder W., Craigton W., London Castle.

Sub-genus II., Lepiota, Fr. — A. procerus, Scop. — E & I, Mountstuart.
A. acutesquamosus, Weinm. — G, Kelvingrove Park, Paisley.
A. clypeolarius, Bull. — G, Bothwell (Hook. Fl. Scot.).
A. cristatus, A. and S.—E F G H L & M.

A. cepaestipes, Sow. — FG, Greenock, Innellan, Botanic Gardens.
A. carcharias, Pers. — FG, W. Kilbride, Gleniffer, Cathkin Park.
A. granulosus, Batsch. — A B F G L & M.

Sub-genus III., Armillaria, Fr.— A. melleus, Fl. Dan.— ABE&IFGH

L & M.

A. robustus, A. and S. — G, Cathkin Park.
A. mucidus, Schrad. — A E & I G, Inveraray, Bute, Cadder W.

Sub-genus IV., Tricholoma, Fr. — A. portentosus, Fr. — G, Cadzow Forest,

East Kilbride.

A. resplendens, Fr.— B C F G L & M.
A. spermaticus, Fr. — H, Lanark.
A. fulvellus, Fr.— F, Kelburne, W. Kilbride.
A. flavobrunneus, Fr. — B F, Roseneath, Kelburne, W. Kilbride.
A. albobrunneus, Pers. — B G, Eossdhu, Craigton, W.
A. ustalis, Fr. — BFG, Arcllui, Kelburne, Eouken Glen.
A. rutilans, Schae/.—A B E & I F G.
A. variegatus, Scop. — G, Cadder, W.
A. columbetta, Fr. — G, Kennishead, Rouken, Craigton W. ; Cadder W. ;

Cathkin Pk.

A. imbricatus, Fr. — F H, Innellan, Kilmalcolm, Douglas Support.
A. vaccinus, Pers. — L & M, Ballochmyle.
A. terreus, Schaeff.—A B E & I F G L & M.
A. saponaceus, Fr. — A B C F G.
A. murinaceus, B. — G, Hawkhead.
A. virgatus, Fr.— B F G H L & M.
A. gambosus, Fr. — F G, Langbank, Kelvingrove, Pk.
A. albus, Schaejf. — A, Inveraray.
A. personatus, Fr. — G, Bishopbriggs, Capelrig.

80 HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETES.

A. nudus, Ball. — G, Cathkin Pk.

A. cinerascens. Bull. — G, Bothwell Park, Cadder W.

A. panaeolus, Fr. — G, Kelvingrove Pk.

A. grammopodius, Bull. — B, Eoseneath.

A. subpulverulentus, Pers. — G, Kelvingrove Pk.

A. sordidus, Fr. — G, Bot. Gardens, Cadder W.

Sub-genns V., Clitocybe, Fr. — A. nebularis, Batsch. — A CE & I FG.
A, clavipes, Pers.--^ Eossdhu.
A. odorus, Bull. — CG, Drymen, Cadder W.
A. cerussatus, Fr. — G, Clyde Shipyards.
A. phyllophllus, Fr. — A, Inveraray.
A. pithyophilus, Secr.—G, E. Kilbride.

A. dealbatus, Sow. — G, Clyde Shipyards, Craigton W. ; Cadder W.
A. gallinaceus, Scop. — A E & I G, Inveraray, Arran, Hamilton Pk.
A. aggregatus, Schaeff. — G, Clyde Shipyards.

A. fumosus, Pers. — FGL&M, Craigends, Craigton W. ; Paisley, Balloch-
mvle.

»/

A. tumulosus, Kalchbr. — G, Clyde Shipyards.

A. maximus, Fl. Wett. — F G, Lochwinnoch, Cadzow For.

A. infundibuliformis, Schaeff. — A B F G.

var. membranaceus, Fr.— FGH, Innellan, Cadzow For., Milton-Lockhart.
A. spinulosus, Stev. and Sm. — G, Botliwell Pk.
A. geotropus, Bull. — T, Dairy.
A. flaccidus, Sow.— A, Inveraray.

A. cyathiformis, Fr. — A F G, Inveraray, Cathkin, Bothwell Pk.
A. brumalis, Fr. — G, Cadder W.
A. metachrous, Fr. — B, Blairmore.
A. fragrans, Sow.- -A B C F G.
A. laccatus, Scop.— A B C E & I F G H L & M.

var. amethystinus, Bolt. — BCGHL & M.

Sub-genus VI., Collybia, Fr.—A.. radicatus, Rehl- A BFGH L & M.
A. platyphyllus, Fr. — BG, Eossdhu, Cadder W. ; London Castle.
A. fusipes, Bull. — G, Craigton W.
A. maculatus, .1. and S.—A E & I F G H L & M.
A. butyraceus, Bull.— A BE&IFGL&M.
A. velutipes, Curt.— A FGH L & M.
A. vertirugis, Cke. — G, Bot. Gardens.
A. confluens, Pers. — ABFG.

A. cpnigenus, Pers. — A F, Inveraray, W. Kilbride.
A. cirrhatus, Schum. — G, Bot. Gardens.

A. tuberosus, Bull.- -B F L & M, Eoseneath, Bridge of Weir, Ballochmyle.
A. dryophilus, Bull— ABCFGL & M.
A. rancidus, Fr. — C, Drymen.
A. ambustus, Fr. — C, Drymen.

Sub-genus VII., Mycena, Fr.—A.. rubro-marginatus, Fr.—Q, Cadder W.
A. purus, Pers.--AFGL & M.
A. luteo-albus, Bolt. — C, Drymen.
A. flavo-albus, Fr. — A C, Inveraray, Drymen.
A. rugosus, Fr. — A B F G.
A. galericulatus, Scop.— A B C F G H L & M.
A. polygrammus, Bull. — A CFG.
A. dissiliens, Fr. — G, Clyde Shipyards.
A. alkalinus, Fr.— A B F G L & M.
A. ammoniacus, Fr. — C FGL&M.
A. filopes, Bull. — A, Inveraray.
A. amictus, Fr.--G, Craigton, W.

HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETES. 81

A. acicula, Schaef. — B, Rossdhu, Blairmore.

A. haematopus, Pers. — G, London Castle.

A. sanguinolentus, A. and 8. — A B F G L & M.

A. galopus, Pers.— A B C F G L & M.

A. leucogalus, Cke. — B, Rossdhu.

A. epipterygius, Scop. — A B F G.

A. vulgaris, Pers. — AG, Inveraray, Hamilton Pk.

A. stylobates, Pers. — A, Inveraray.

A. tenerrimus, Berk. — B, Blairmore.

A. sacchariferus, B. and Br. var. elections, Buck — -F, Seamill.

A. pterygenus, Fr. — F G, W. Kilbride, Hamilton Pk.

A. corticola, Schum. — B, Rossdhu.

Sub-genus VIII., Omphalia, Fr. — A. pyxidatus, Bull. — F, Innellan.
A. muralis, Sow. — F, Finlay stone.
A. umbelliferus, Linn.— A B C F G H.
A. fibula, Bull.- C G, Drymen, Hamilton Pk. ; London Castle.

var. Schwartzii, Fr. — C, Drvmen.

/ •/

A. gracillimus, Weinm. — BG, Blairmore, Nitshill.

Sub -genus IX., Pleurotus, Fr. — A. corticatus, Fr. — F, Johnstone Castle,

Finlaystone.

A. ulmarius, Butt. — G, Clyde Shipyards.
A. ostreatus, Jacq. — G L & M, Kelvinside, Dalmellington.
A. salignus, Abb. d. Schw. — FL & M, Largs, Dalmellington.
A. serotinus, Schrad.—FG, W. Kilbride, Gadder W. ; Nitshill, Craigton W.
A. mitis, Pera.-ABFG.

A. porrigens, Pers. — A B F, Iiiveraray, Ardentinny, Eossdhu, Duchal.
A. atro-caeruleus, Fr. — C, Drymen.
A. applicatus, Batsch. — BF, Rossdhu, W. Kilbride.

Series II — Hyporhodii.
Sub-genus X., Volvaria, Fr. — A. speciosus, /V.--G, Garnkirk.

Sub-genus XII., Pluteus, Fr. — A. cervinus, Schaeff. — ABCFGL&M.
A. umbrosus, Pers. — G, Bishopbriggs.

Sub-genus XIII., Entoloma, Fr. — A. sinuatus, Fr. — C, Drymen.
A. jubatus, Fi-.—A B C F G.
A. sericellus, Fr. — B L & M, Eoseneath, Sorn.

A. clypeatus, Linn. — FGH, Dairy, W. Kilbride, Neilston, Gleniffer, Monk-
land glen.

A. rhodopolius, Fr.— BFGL&M.
A. costatus, Fr. — G, Cathkin Pk.
A. nidorosus, Fr.—A B E & I F.

Sub-genus XIV., Clitopilus, Fr. -A. prunulus, Scop.- ABFGHL&M.

Sub-genus XV., Leptonia, Fr. — A. lampropus, Fr. — A C, Inveraray,
Drymen.

Sub-genus XVI.. Nolanea, Fr. — A. pascuus, Pers. — ABE&IFGL&M.
A. pisciodorus. f 'es.—B E & I F G L & M.

Sub-genus XVIII., Claudopus, Worth. Smith. — A. variabilis, Pers. — BF,
Rossdhu, Dairy, W. Kilbride.

Series III. Dermini.

Sub-genus XIX., Pholiota, Fr. — A. aureus, Matt. — G, Kelvingrove Pk.

Kelvinside.

A. caperatus, Pers. — H, Maudslie Castle.
A. terrigenus, Fr. — G, Clyde Shipyards, Kelvingrove Pk.
A. erebius, Fr. — G, Hamilton Pk.,' Cathkin Pk.

F

82 HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETES.

A. togularis, Bull. — G, Kelvingrove Pk.

A. durus, Bolt.—FG, W. Kilbride, Rutherglen.

A. praecox, Pers. — G, Kelvinside.

A. radicosus, Butt. — F, Hafton.

A. heteroclitus, Fr. — G, Gadder W.

A. aurivellus, Batsch.— -A, Inveraray.

A. squarrosus, Mull. — A F G H L & M.

A. spectabilis, Fr. — F G, W. Kilbride, Finlaystone, Cadzow For., Cadder

W., Craigton W., Kelvingrove Pk., Bot. Gardens.
A. adiposus, Fr. — F, Hafton.
A. flammans, Fr.— A F G L & M.
A. mutabilis, Schae/.—A B F G H L & M.
A. marginatus, Batsch. — FG, W. Kilbride, Both well Pk., Clyde Shipyards.

Sub-genus XX., Inocybe, Fr.—A. hystrix, Fr.— BCFGH.
A. hirsutus, Lasch.—A, Inveraray.
A. lacerus, Fr. — L & M, Bar-skimming.
A. obscurus, Pers. — F, Finlaystone.
A. haemactus, Berk, and Cke. — G, London Castle.
A. rimosus, Bull.— A C F G H L & M.
A. eutheles, B. and Br. — B, Rossdhu.
A. geophyllus, Sow.— A B F G.

A. trechisporus, Berk. — F G H, W. Kilbride, Cadder W., Craigton, W.,
E. Kilbride, Douglas Sup.

Sub-genus XXI., Hebeloma, Fr. — A. fastibilis, Fr. — C F, Drymen,

Kelburne.

A. glutinosus, Lind.— AGH, Inveraray Cadder W., Fiddler's Gill.
A. mesophaeus, Fr. — BCGL&M.
A. subcollariatus, B. and Br. — G, Cadzow For.
A. crustuliniformis, Bull. — F G L & M, Largs, Kilmahew, Kelvingrove Pk.,

Bot. Gardens, Cadder W., Craigton W., London Castle, Barskimming.
A. longicaudus, Pers. — G, Craigton W., Yoker.

Sub-genus XXII., Flammula, Fr.—A. floccifer, B. and Br.—F, W.

Kilbride.

A. lentus, Pers. — C, Drymen.
A. gummosus Lasch. — G, Cadder W.
A. spumosus, Fr. — G, Clyde Shipyards.
A. carbonarius, Fr. — G, Clyde Shipyards, Cadder W.
A. astragalinus, Fr. — G, Cadder W.

A. alnicola, Fr. — G, Craigton W., Cadder W., Kelvingrove Pk.
A. flavidus, Schae/.—A B G H L & M.
A. inopus, Fr. — CG, Drymen, Cadder W., Hamilton Pk.
A. sapineus, Fr. — C G L & M.
A. scambus, Fr.—A F G L & M.

Sub-genus XXIII., Naucoria, Fr. — A. cucumis, Pers. — G, Hamilton Pk.
A. semi-orbicularis, Bull. — F G, Loch Libo, W. Kilbride, Kilmalcolm,

Kelvinside, Cadder W., Craigton W.
A. erinaceus, Fr. — B, Roseneath.
A. escharoides, Fr. — B, Rossdhu.

Sub-genus XXV., Galera, Fr.— A. tener, Schae/.—AKFG.
A. ovalis, Fr. — G, Hamilton Pk.
A. hypnorum, Batsch.— A B C F G H L & M.

Sub-genus XXVII. Crepidotus, Fr.--A. alveolus, Lasch.— H, Biggar.
A. mollis, Schae/.—A B F G L & M.
A. calolepis, Fr. — B F, Camis Eskan, Largs, W. Kilbride, Dunlop.

HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETES. S3

Series IV. Pratelli.

Sub-genus XXIX., Psaliota, />.— A. arvensis, Schae/.—CE & IFG.
A. campestris. Linn. — E & I F G.
A. haemorrhoidarius, Kalch. — E & I, Black waterfoot.

Sub-genus XXX., Stropharia, Fr.—A. aeruginosus, Curt.— A BFGH.
A. stercorarius, Fi\ — FGH, Innellan, Largs, Kilmalcolm, Craigton W.,

Kelvinside, Hamilton Pk., Douglas Sup., Dullatur.
A. semiglobatus, Batsch. — A E & I F G L & M.
A. scobinaceus, Fr. — F G, Castle Seniple, Cadder W., Craigton W.

Sub-genus XXXI., Hypholoma, Fr.—A. sublateritius, Schae/.—'BFG

L & M.

A. capnoides, Fr.— BFGH.
A. epixanthus, Fr. — BFG, Luss, W. Kilbride, Kilmalcolm, Dairy, Cadder W.,

Craigton W.

A. storea, Fr. — G, Cadder "\V.
A. lachrymabundus, Fr.—G, Bothwell, (Hook. Fl. Scot.), Hamilton Pk.,

Calderwood.

A. pyrotrichus, Holmsk. — C G L & M, Drynien, London Castle, Ballochmyle.
A. velutinus, Pers.- BCFGHL&M.
A. appendiculatus, Bull.—B F G L & M.

Sub-genus XXXII., Psilocybe, Fr.—A. areolatus, Klotsch.—G, Bot.

Gardens, (Stev. Brit. Fun., v. i., p. 326).
A. semilanceatus, Fr.—A BCE&IFGHL& M.
A. spadiceus, Fr. — F G, W. Kilbride, Cadzow For.

A. ceriums, Fl. Dan.—FG, Innellan, Kelvinside, Kelvingrove Pk., Cadder W.
A. foenisecii, Pers. — AG, Inveraray, Hamilton Pk.
A. sarcocephalus, Fr.— F, Craig-ends.

Series V. Coprinarii.

Sub-genus XXXIV., Panaeolus, Fr.—A. separate, Linn.— AFG, Inver-
aray, Strone, Craigton W., Cadder W.
A. leucophanes, B. and Br. — B, Ardlui.
A. fimiputris, Bull. — A, Inveraray.
A. retirugis, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride,
A. campanulatus, Linn. — BCFGL&M.
A. papilionaceus, Fr.—BG, Camis Eskan, Hamilton Pk., Cadder W.

Sub-genus XXXY., Psathyrella, Fr.—A. gracilis, /V.--AG, Inveraray,
London Castle.

A. disseminate, Pers.—F G, Ardgowan, Kilmalcolm, Kelvingrove Pk.

GENUS III. COPRINUS, Pers.
C. comatus, Fr.— BFG, Eoseneath, Ardgowan, Paisley, Hamilton Pk.,

Craigton W., Kelvingrove Pk., Loudon Castle.
C. atramentarius, Fr.—A B F G L & M.
C. fimitarius, Fr.— G, Cadder W.
C. niveus, Fr. — G, Hamilton Pk.
C. micaceus, Fr.—A F G H L & M.
C. deliquescens, Fr. — B, Rossdhu,
C. lagopus, Fr.—G, Cadder W.
C. plicatilis, Fr.—A E & I F G H L & M.

GENUS IV. BOLBITIUS, Fr.

B. hydrophilus, Fr. — BG, Roseneatli, Craigton W.
B. titubans, Fr. — G, Bearsden.

84 HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETES.

B. bulbillosus, Fr. — FG, Largs, Kelvingrove Park. New to Britain. It

appeared on Largs Green in 1895, 1896 and 1897, in considerable num-
bers, and sparingly in Kelvingrove Park, in 1897 and 1898. It is dis-
tinguished by a strikingly margined bulb, and the entire absence of
striae on the pileus.

GENUS V. CORTINARIUS, Fr,
Tribe I. Phlegmacium, Fr.

C. triumphans, Fr.— F, Kilmalcolm.
C. varius, Fr. — E & I, Arran.

C. cyanopus, Fr. — FGL&M, Ardgowan, Gadder W., E. Kilbride, Loudon

Castle, Barskimming.
C. largus, Fr. — A, Inveraray.
C. multiformis, Fr.—C, Drymen.

C. caerulescens, Fr. — BFG, Luss, Kelburne, ('adder W.
C. purpurascens, Fr.- A B G G.

Tribe II, Myxatiuyi, Fr.
C. collinitus, Fr. — F, Ardeer.
C. elatipr, Fr.—A C F G L & M.
C. pluvius, Fr. — B, Rossdhu.

Tribe IV. Dermocybe, Fr.

C. ochroleucus, Fr. — C, Drymen.

C. tabularis, Fr. — G, Kelvingrove Pk.

C. caninus, Fr. — A, Inveraray,

C. anomalus, Fr. — BCG, Luss, Drymen, Craigton W.

C. sanguineus, Fr. — ABG, Inveraray, Blairmore, Craigton W.

C. cinnamomeus, Fr.—A BCFGHL&M.

Tribe V. Telamonia, Fr.

C. toryus, Fr. — A B G, Inveraray, Rossdhu, E. Kilbride, Loudon Castle.

C. armillatus, Fr. — L&M, Barskimming.

C. hinnuleus, Fr. — A B C, Inveraray, Luss, Roseneath, Rossdhu, Drymen

C. psammocephalus, Fr.—A, Inveraray.

C. incisus. Fr. — G, Kelvinside.

C. iliopodius, Fr. — A F, Inveraray, Kilmahew.

C. hemitrichus, Fr. — G L & M, Gadder W., Barskimming.

C. paleaceus, Fr. — B C, Rossdhu, Drymen.

Tribe VI. Hygrocybe, Fr.

C. leucopus, Fr. — C, Drymen.
C. decipiens, Fr. — G, Craigton W.
C. acutus, Fr. — B, Rossdhu.

•GENUS VI. GOMPHIDIUS, Fr.

G. glutinosus, ^V.--FL&M, Kelburne, Lochwinnoch, Innellan, Barskim-
ming, Ballochniyle.
G. viscidus, Fr. — F, Largs, Innellan.

GENUS VII. PAXILLUS, Fr.

P. giganteus, Fr.—C L & M, Drymen, Barskimming.

P. lepista, Fr. — G, Kelvingrove Pk.

P. involutus, Fr.—A B C E & I F G H L & M.

GENUS VIII. HYGROPHORUS, Fr.
Section I. Limacium, Fr.

H. hypothejus, Fr.—A B F G L & M.

H. cerasinus, Berk. — L & M, Barskimming, Ballochmyle.

HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETES. So

Section II. Camarophyllus, Fr.
H. leporinus, Fr. — B, Luss.
H. pratensis, Fr.- - A B C E & I F G L & M.
H. virgineus, Fr.—A B C F G H L & M.
H. fornicatus, Fr. — C, Drymen.
H. Clarkii, B. and Br. — B G, Luss, Kelvingrove Pk.
H. lacmus, Fr. — B, Rossdhu.

Section III. Hygrocybe, Fr.
H. laetus, />.— BG, Eossdhn, E. Kilbride.
H. vitellinus, Fr. — B, Eoseneath, Eossdhu.
H. ceraceus, Fr. — C, Drymen.
H. coccineus, Fr.—A B F G H.
H. miniatus, Fr.— CE&IFG.
H. puniceus, Fr.—A B F G H.
H. conicus, Fr.— A B F G L & M.
H. calyptraeformis, B. and Br. — A B C F G.
H. chlorophanus, Fr.— ABFGHL&M.
H. psittacinus, Fr.—A B C E & I F G H L & M.
H. nitratus, Fr. — A, Inveraray.

GENUS IX. LACTARIUS, Fr.

Tribe I. Piperites.

L. torminosus, Fr.—A B C E & I F G H L & M.

L. turpis, Fr.— ACFGHL&M.

L. insulsus, Fr. — F G, Kilmalcolm, Craigton W., E. Kilbride, Lennox

Castle.

L. blennius, Fr.—A B F G H L & M.
L. hysginus, Fr. — B, Camis Eskan.
L. circellatus, Fr. — C, Drymen.

L. pyrogalus, Fr. — CFG, Drymen, Innellan, (''adder W.
L. chrysorheus, Fr. — E & J, Colintraive.
L. piperatus, Fr.—A E & I F G.
L. vellereus, Fr.—A B C F G L & M.
L. exsuccus, Smith. — E & I, Colintraive.

Tribe II. Dapetes.
L. deliciosus, Fr.— B F G H L & M.

Tribe III. Russulares.

L. pallidus, Fr.—A~BCG.
L. quietus, Fr.—A B E & I F G H L & M.
L. theiogalus, Fr.— G, Fiddler's Gill.
L. vietus, Fr. — C L & M, Drymen, Barskimming.
L. rufus, Fr.— A B E & I F G H L & M.
L. helvus, Fr.— G, Cadder W.
L. glycipsmus, Fr.—A B F G L & M.

L. fuliginosus, Fr. — GH, Craigton W., London Castle, Fiddler's Gill, Dullatur.
L. picinus, Fr. — G, Lennox Castle.
L. lilacinus, Lasch. — G, E. Kilbride.

L. volemus, Fr. — E&IF, Colintraive, Innellan, Sandbank.
L. serifluus, Fr.—V E & I G L & M.
L. mitissimus, Fr.—A B F G L & M.
L. subdulcis, Fr.—A B F G L & M.

L. camphoratus, Fr.—FG H, Tullichewan, Craigton W., Cadder W., E. Kil-
bride, Dullatur.

86 HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETE6.

GENUS X. RUSSULA, l\-rs.
Section I. Compactae.

R. nigricans, Fr.—A B C E & I F G H L & M.
R. adusta, Fr.—A F G H L & M.
R. delica, Fr.—A B C E & I F G.

•

Section II. Furcatae.
R. rosacea, FT. — F, Largs.
R. sardonia, Fr. — G, Gadder \V.
R. depallens, Fr.— BCFGH.

Section III. Rigidae.

R. virescens, Fr. — A G, Inveraray, London Castle.

R. lepida, Fr.—G, Craigton W.

R. rubra, Fr. — G H. Gadder W., Cathkin Pk., Symington.

R. cutefracta, Gke.— -G, Gadder W., Cathkin Pk.

Section IV. Heterophyllae.

R. vesca, Fr. — A C G, Inveraray, Drymen, Gadder W.

R. cyanoxantha, /V.— A B F G H L & M.

R. azurea, Bres.- BG, Eossdhu, Gadder W.

R. heterophylla, Fr.—AYG~H..

R. caerulea, Pers. — B, Eossdhu.

R. foetens, Fr.—A B C E & I F G H L & M.

R. fellea, Fr.—A B E & I F G H L & M.

R. Queletii, Fr. — FG, Largs, Gadder W., Rouken Glen.

Section V. Fragiles.

R. emetica, Fr.—A B E & I F G H L & M.
R. ochroleuca, Fr.—A B E & I F G H L & M.
R. fragilis, Fr.—A B F G L & M.
var. nivea, Pers. — C, Drymen.

R. Integra, Fr. — GL&M, Calderwood Glen, Cadzow For., Barskimming.
R. decolorans, Fr. — FG, Kilmalcolm, Kelvinside.
R. alutacea, Fr.—A F G H.
R. lutea, Fr. — BF, Ardlui, Innellan.
R. vitellina, Fr. — F, Innellan.

GENUS XI. CANTHARELLUS, Adams.

Section I. Mesopus.

C. cibarius, Fr.—A B C E & I F G H L & M.

C. aurantiacus, Fr.—A BCFGH.

C. tubaeformis, Fr.—A G H L & M.

C. infundibuliformis, Fr.— E&IFG, Colintraive, Milliken, E. Kilbride,

Cajjelrig.
C. cinerea, Fr. — G, Gadder "W.

Section III. Pleuropus.
C. muscigenus, Fr. — G, Paisley.

GENUS XIII. NYCTALIS, Fr.
Section II. Parasitae.

N. asterophora, Fr. — F G, Innellan, Graigton W.

N. parasitica, Fr.- -B FG L & M, Innellan, Largs, Tullichewan, Gadder W.,
Graigton W., London Castle, Ballochmyle.

HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETE8. 87

GENUS XIV. MARASMIUS, Fr.
Section I. Collybia.

M. urens, Fr. — A G, Inveraray, Cathkin Pk.

M. peronatus, Fr.— A B F G.

M. porreus, Fr. — B F, Canris Eskan, Tullichewan.

M. oreades, Fr. — A F, Inveraray, Innellan, Bute, Barassie, Troon, "VV.

Kilbride.

M. impudicus, Fr. — B, Blairmore.
M. amadelphus, Fr. — C, Dry-men.

Section II. Mycenae.

M. rotula, Fr. — -A F H, Inveraray, Innellan, Kelburne, Douglas Sup.
M. androsaceus, Fr. — G L & M, Craigton "W., Ballochmyle.

GENUS XY. LENTINUS, Fr.
Section I. Mesopodes.

L. lepideus, Fr. — GH, Paisley, Symington.

L. cochleatus, Fr. — AFG, Inveraray, Innellan, Craigton W., Gadder \V.,
London Castle.

Section II. Pleuroti.
L. scoticus, B. and Br. — G, Clyde Shipyards.

GENUS XVI. PAN us, Fr.

P. conchatus, Fr.— F, W. Kilbride.

P. stipticus, Fr.—Y G, W. Kilbride, Yoker, Gadder W.

GENUS XIX. SCHIZOPHYLLUM, Fr.
S. commune, Fr.— FG, W. Kilbride, Bot. Gardens, (Grev. vol. v., p. 112).

GENUS XX. LENZITES, Fr.

L. abietina, Fr. — G, Glasgow, (Stev. Brit. Fun., v. ii., p. 165).

L. saepiaria, Fr. — FG, Kilnialcolrn, Clyde Shipyards, W. Kilbride.

Order II. Polyporei.

GENUS XXI. BOLETUS, Dill.

B. luteus, Linn,— A. F G L & M.

B. elegans, Schum. — A F, Inveraray, Ardgowan.

B. flaviis, With ,— A B C F G.

B. granulatus, Linn. — F, Kelburne.

B. bovinus, Linn,— AGL&M, Inveraray, Milngavie, Carmyle, Bothwell

Pk., Dougalston, (Hook. Fl. Scot.), Barskimming.
B. badius, Fr. -ABCFGH.
B. piperatus, Bull.— A. B F G H.

B. variegatus, Sw. — ABF, Inveraray, Ardentinny, Kilmalcolm.
B. chrysenteron, Fr.—A B F G H L & M.
B. subtomentosus, Linn. — A B C F G H L & M.
B. radicans, Pers. — B, Kossdhu.
B. olivaceus, Schaeff. — A F, Inveraray, Tullichewan.
B. pachypus, Fr. — AG, Inveraray, Kelvingrove Pk.
B. edules, Butt.— ABCE&IFGHL&M.
B. satanas, Lew. — A, Inveraray.
B. luridus, Schaeff.— A B E & I F G L & M.
B. erythropus, Pers.—F, Largs.
B. laricinus, Berk. — H, Milton -Lockhart.
B. versipellis, Fr.—AG, Inveraray, Gadder W., E. Kilbride.

88 HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETES.

B. scaber, Ft-.— A B 0 E & I F G L & M.

var. niveas, Fr. — C, Drymen.
B. cyanescens, Bull- BE&I, Loch Eck, Colintraive.

GENUS XXIII. FISTULINA, Bull.

F. hepatica, Fr. — FG, Kilmahew, Hamilton Pk., Cadzow For., Kelviiiside,
London Castle, Bot. Garden. Reported by Mr. Campbell, Assistant
Curator, to have been identified by members of the British Association
in 1876 in Kelvingrove Park.

GENUS XXIV. POLYPORUS, Fr.

Section I. Mesopus.

P. brumalis, Fr. — F, Innellan, W. Kilbride, Cardross.

P. perennis, Fr.— BE&IF, Rossdhu, Tighnabruaich, Innellan, W. Kilbride.

Section II. Pleuropus.

P. squamosus, Fr.—A E & I F G H.

P. melanopus, Fr. — GH, E. Kilbride, Craigton W., Symington.

P. picipes, Fr. — FG, Kilmalcolm, Milngavie, Cathkin Pk., London Castle.

P. varius, Fr. — GH, Cathkin Pk., Symington.

P. lucidus, Fr.—G, Bothwell, (Grev. vol. v., p. 245).

P. sanguineus, Fr. — G, Botanic Gardens, (Grev. vol. v., p. 112).

Section III. Merisma.

P. frondosus, Fr. — F, Ardgowan.

P. intybaceus, Fr. — CFG, Drymen, Finlaystone, Hamilton Pk., Craigton

W., Cadzow For.
P. giganteus, Fr. — CFG, Drymen, Dairy, Hamilton Pk., London Castle,

Craigton W., Cadder W., Lennox Castle, Greenock, Kelvingrove Pk.
P. sulphurous, Fr. — CG, Drymen, Hamilton Pk., Cadzow For.

Section IV. A pus.

P. lacteus, Fr.— F, W. Kilbride.

P. fragilis, Fr. — G, Yoker, Craigton.

P. mollis, Fr. — F, Ardgowan.

P. caesius, Fr. — F G, W. Kilbride, London Castle.

P. destructor, Fr. — A, Inveraray.

P. fumosus, Fr.— F G H L & M. "

P. adustus, Fr. — A F G, Inveraray, Innellan, Largs, Kelvingrove Pk., Clyde

Shipyards, Craigton W., Cadder W., Cadzow For.
P. amorphus, Fr. — H, Symington.
P. hispidus, Fr.—G, Cadder W.

P. dryadeus, Fr. — G, Cadzow For., Barncluith, Cadder W.
P. betulinus, Fr. — A F G, Inveraray, W. Kilbride, ('adder W., Kelviiiside,

E. Kilbride, Milngavie.

P. fomentarius, Fr. — AG, Inveraray, Hamilton Pk.
P. igniarius, Fr.—A B F G.
P. roseus, Fr. — G, Thornliebank.
P. annosus, Fr.—A B F G L & M.
P. radiatus, Fr. — FGH, W. Kilbride, Kilmalcolm, Finlaystone, Kelvinside,

Cadder W., Yoker, Craigtoii W., Dnllatnr, Cadzow For.
P. hirsutus, Fr. — B, Roseneath.

P. velutinus, Fr. — BG, Loch Lomond, Clyde Shipyards, Cadder W.
P. versicolor, Fr.—A B E & I F G H L & M.
P. pergamenus, Fr. — G, Botanic Gardens (Grev. vol. v., p. 112).

HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETES. 89

Section V. Resupinati.

P. ferruginosus, Fr. — G, London Castle.
P. subfusco-flavidus, Rostk. — B, Blairmore.
P. terrestris, Fr. — BG, Rossdhu, Cadder W.
P. obducens, Pers. — G, Cadder W.
P. callosus, Fr. — G, Clyde Shipyards.
P. vulgaris, Fr. — BG, Blairmore, Kelvingrove Pk.

P. sanguinolentus, Fr. — GL&M, Cadder AY., Milngavie, Barskimming.
P. vaporarius, Fr. — FG, W. Kilbride, Finlaystone, Cadder W., Clyde Ship-
yards, Nitshill.

GENUS XXV. TRAMETES, Fr.
T. mollis, Fr.—A B F G.

GENUS XXVI. DAEDALEA, Pers.
D. quercina, Pers. — H, Cartland Crags.

GENUS XXIX. MERULIUS, Fr.

M. tremellosus, Schrad. — F, W. Kilbride.

M. corium, Fr.— ABFG.

M. molluscus, Fr.— G, Clyde Shipyards.

M. lachrymans, Fr. — AG, Inveraray, Kelvingrove Pk., Clyde Shipyards.

GENUS XXXI. SOLENIA, Hoffm.

S. ochracea, Hoffm. — FG, W. Kilbride, Dairy, London Castle.
S. anomala, />.— F, W. Kilbride.

Order III. Hydnei, Linn.
GENUS XXXII. HYDNUM, Linn.

H. repandum Linn.— A B E & I F G H L & M.

H. rufescens, Pers. — A F, Inveraray, Finlaystone, Kilmahew.

H. auriscalpium, Linn. — F, Largs, W. Kilbride.

H. coralloides, Scop. — G, Clyde Shipyards.

H. ochraceum, Pers. — AF, Inveraray, AY. Kilbride.

H. resupinatum, Fr. — F, AYest Kilbride.

GENUS XXXVI. IRPEX, Fr.

I. pendulus, Fr. — F, Castle Sernple, (Stev. Brit. Fun. vol. ii., p. 249).
I. obliquus, Fr. — G, Cathkin, Cadder AA7.

GENUS XXXA^II. RADULUM, Fr.

R. orbiculare, Fr.- F, AA". Kilbride.
R. quercinum, Fr. — G, Cathkin Pk.

GENUS XXXVIII. PHLEBIA, Fr.

P. merismoides, Fr. — B, Rossdlm.
P. contorta, Fr.— F, AV. Kilbride.
P. vaga, Fr.—F, AY. Kilbride.

GENUS XXXIX. GRANDINIA, Fr.

G. granulosa, Fr. — AFG, Inveraray, W. Kilbride, Finlaystone, Kilmahew,

E. Kilbride, Milngavie, London Castle.
G. mucida, Fr.—~F, W. Kilbride.

GENUS XL. ODONTIA, Fr.
O. fimbriata, Pers. — F, AAT. Kilbride, Finlaystone.

GENUS XLI. KNEIFFIA, Fr.
K. setigera, Fr.—Y, W. Kilbride.

90 HYMENOMYCETES AND (JASTROMVCETES.

Order IV. Thelephorei, Fr.

GENUS XLIII. CRATERELLUS, Fr.
C. sinuosus, Fr. — G, London Castle.
C. crispus, Fr.- -G, Gadder W.

GENUS XLIV. THELEPHORA, Eh,-!,.
T. multizonata, B. and />/•. — L&M, Ballochmyle.
T. palmata, Fr.—F, W. Kilbride.
T. laciniata, Pers.—F, W. Kilbride.
T. fastidiosa, Fr.—G, Gadder W.

GENUS XLVI. STERECJM, Pers.

S. lobatum, Kunze. — G, Botanic Gardens (6r>w., vol. v., p. 112).

S. purpureum, Pers. — B F G H.

S. hirsutum, Fr.—A B G E & I F G H L & M.

S. sanguinolentum, Fr.— ABC FG.

S. rugosum, Fr.—A E & I F G.

GENUS XL VI II. GORTICIUM, Fr.
Section II. Himantiae.

C. lacteum Fr.— F, W. Kilbride.

C. laeve, Pers. — G, Gadder W.

C. sanguineum, Fr. — BF, Rossdhu, W. Kilbride.

C. caeruleum, Fr.—F G, W. Kilbride, Ibrox Pk.

Section III. Leiostroma.

C. calceum, Fr. — G, Gadder W.

C. lividum, Pers. — F, Finlaystone.

C. quercinum, Fr. — AG, Inveraray, Paisley.

C. cinereum, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride."

C. incarnatum, Fr. — AF, Inverarav, W. Kilbride.

C. nudum, Fr.— F, W. Kilbride.

C. comedens, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride.

Sub-genus I., Coniophora, Pers. — C. puteanum, Fr.—G, Clyde Shipyards.
Sub-genus II., Hypochnus, Fr. — C. sambuci, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride.

GENUS XLIX. CYPHELLA, Fr.

C. muscigena, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride.
C. muscicola, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride.
C. capula, Fr.— F, W. Kilbride.

var. cernua, Schum. — F, W. Kilbride.
C. dochmiospora, B. and Br. — F, W. Kilbride.

Order V. Clavariei, Fr.

GENUS LI. CLAVARIA, Linn.
Section I. Ramaria.

C. botrytes, Pers. — A, Inveraray.

C. amethystina, Bull. — C, Drymen.

C. fastigiata, Linn. — FG, Dundonald, Dairy, Kelvingrove Pk., Gadder W.

C. muscoides, Linn. — F, W. Kilbride.

C. coralloides, Linn. — FG, Innellan, Craigton.

C. cinerea, Bull— BFGH.

C. cristata, Pers.—Q F G L & M.

C. rugosa, Bull— A B C E & I F G L & M.

C. Kunzei, Fr. — G, Bot. Gardens.

HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETES. 91

Section II. Syncoryne.

C. fusiformis, Sow. — FG, Imiellan, Cadzow For., London Castle.
C. inaequalis, Fl. Dan. — A B F G.

var. helvola, Cke. — G, Bot. Gardens.
C. argillacea, Fr. — G, Bot. Gardens.

C. vermicularis, Scop. — L & M G, Ballochmyle, Fossil (Kennedy).
C. fragilis, Holmsk. — F G, Innellan, Bot. Gardens.

Section III. Holocoryne.

C. pistillaris, Linn. — G, Dougalstone (Hook., Fl. Scot.).

C. tenuipes, B. and Br. — G, Bot. Gardens.

C. Candida, Cke. — G, Bot. Gardens.

C. uncialis, Grev.—FG, W. Kilbride, Bot. Gardens.

C. abietina, Pers. — E, Arran (Kennedy).

GENUS LII. CALOCERA, Fr.

C. viscosa, Fr.—A B E & I F G L & M.
C. cornea, Fr.— ABFG.

GENUS LIY. TYPHULA, Berk.
T. erythropus, Fr. — FG, W. Kilbride, Finlaystone, Lambhill (Kennedy).

GEXUS LY. PISTILLARIA, Berk.

P. quisCLuiliaris, Fr. — A B, Inveraray, Roseneath.
P. pubemla, Berk. — F, Finlaystone.

Order VI. Tremellinei.

GENUS LVIL TREMELLA, DHL
Section I. Mesenteri formes.

T. frondosa, Fr. — A, Inveraray.
T. foliacea, Pers.— A F G L & M.
T. lutescens, Pers. — G, Cadzow For.

Section II. Cerebrinae.

T. mesenterica, Retz. — BFG, Rossdhu, Innellan, W. Kilbride, Finlaystone,

Capelrig, London Castle.

T. intumescens, Eng. Bot. — G, Cadzow For., Carmyle, (Hook. Fl. Scot.).
T. albida, Hvds. — BFG, Roseneath, AY. Kilbride, Finlaystone, London

Castle, Dalbeath, (Hook. Fl. Scot.).
T. sarcoides, Sm. — FG, Cumbrae (Kennedy).

Section III. Crustaceae.

T. tubercularia, Berk. — F, Kilmahew.
T. versicolor, Berk. — F, W. Kilbride.

GENUS LYIII. EXIDIA, Fr.
E. glandulosa, Fr.—A BFG.

GENUS LIX. HTRNEOLA, Fr.
H. auricula-Judae, Berk. — E & I F G, Bute, W. Kilbride, Crookston Castle.

GENUS LXI. NAEMATELIA, Fr.

N. encephala, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride.

N. nucleata, Fr. — FL&M, W. Kilbride, Kilmahew, Abington, Dalmellington.

N. virescens, Corda. — F, W. Kilbride.

92 HYMENOMYCETES AND GASTROMYCETE8.

GENUS LXIII. DACRYMYCES, Nees.

D. deliquescens, Dub. A K, Inveraray, W. Kilbride, Finlaystone, Kilmahew,

E. Kilbride.
D. stillatus, Xees. — FG, W. Kilbride, Dairy, Kinlaystone, Kilmahew,

Cadder W., Craigton W.

( rASTROM YCETES.

I. Hymenogastreae. Hydnangium, DV//7/-.

H. carotaecolor, B. and Br. — CI, Botanic Gardens (Dr. Dickson, Xat. Hist.

Trans., vol. iii., p. 194).
Hymenogaster, Tul. H. Klotzschii, Tul. — G, Botanic Gardens (Berkeley's

Out. Brit. Fung., p. 295).

II. Sclerodermeae. Scleroderma, Pers.
S. vulgare, Fr.— BFGL&M.

III. Nidularieae. Cyathus, Holler.
C. vernicosus, DC. — FG, West Kilbride (D. A. Boyd) ; Carmyle (Herinedy-

Tech. Col. Mus.).
Cnicibulum, Tul. C. vulgare, Tul.— BFG, Fruin Bridge (G. F. Scott Elliot) ;

Cumbrae (Kennedy— Tech. Col. Mus.) ; W. Kilbride (D. A. Boyd) ; Yoker

(W. S.); Torrance (T. King and W. S.); Kelvins-rove Park (W. S.);

Cadder Wilderness (T. King and W. S.).

Sphaerobolus, Tod?.

S. stellatus, Tode. — F G, W. Kilbride (T. Kincj) ; Whiteinch (T. King and
W. S.) ; London Castle, C. C., 1897 ; Yoker (W. S.).

IV. Lycoperdeae. Lycoperdon, Tourmf. (emended).

L. gemmatum, Batsch.- A F G L & M.

L. pyriforme, Sokaeff.—? G L & M, Cumbrae (Kennedy— Tech. Col. Mus.) ;

Barrassie (T. King) ; W. Kilbride (D. A. Boyd) ; Greenock, C. C., 1887 ;

Craigton (T. King and W. S.) ; Whiteinch (W. S.) ; Hamilton, London

Castle, Ballochmyle, C. C., 1897.
L. bovista, Lmn.—F, W. Kilbride (D. A. Boyd).
Geaster, Micheli. G. rufescens, Pers. — F, W. Kilbride (D. A. Boyd).
G. fimbriatus, Fr. — F, W. Kilbride (Kennedy —Tech. Col. Mus.); Cumbrae.

V. Phalloideae. I thy phallus, Fischer.
I. impudicus, Fisch. — FGL&M, W. Kilbride, Finlaystone, Greenock, C. C.,

1887 ; Haylie (D. A. Boyd) ; Craigton, Cadder Wilderness, Kelvingrove

Park (T. King and W. S.) ; London Castle, C. C., 1897 ; Calderwood Glen,

C. C., 1880 ; Bar-skimming, Ballochmyle, C. C., 1897.
Mutinus, Fr. M. caninus," Fr.—F, W. Kilbride (T. King) ; Craigends

(R. B. Johnston).

HEPATICAE.

IN comparing the present and former lists, several important differences will
be apparent. Some plants included in the former have been left out, whilst
on the other hand a great many additions have been made, though the
greatest care has been exercised both with regard to the proscribed limits
and the exclusion of doubtful records. It would be rash to say that
all these plants do not occur in the Clyde area, but as the plants cannot
be produced, it is perhaps safer to exclude them. The nomenclature followed
may be said to be that of Dr. Spruce, than whom England has not produced
a more ardent or critical enthusiast on this order of plants, and whose
nomenclature is in general use among British collectors at the present time.

P. EWING.

EDITOR'S NOTE.

The district letters and additional records obtained by Mr. Lee and
myself (mostly verified by Herr K. Muller of Freiburg) have been added
by myself.

G. F. SCOTT ELLIOT.

Frullania Tamarisci, L. — B G, Loch Long, Lee ; B F L, Scott Elliot.

F. fragilifolia, Tayl. — Ben Lomond, Campbeltown, AB.

F. dilatata, L. — Common on trees, BFLH, Scott Elliot.

Lejeunea serpyllifolia, Dicks. — Common.

L. cavifoUa, Lindb. — Common.

L. fiava, >s>. — Hamilton, Kyles of Bute, Canipbeltown, A E G.

Radula voluta, Tayl. — Dalmellington, L.

R. Lindbergii, Gottsche. — Ben Lomond, B.

R. germana, Jack. — Ben Lomond, B.

R. aquilegia, Tu.yl. — Blantyre, G.

R. complanata, L. — Common, BL, Scott Elliot.

Porella laevigata, Schrad. — Ben Laoigh, Loch Tom, Greenock, B F.

P. platyphylla, L. — Common, G, Lee ; F, Scott Elliot.

P. rivularis, Xees. — Killin, Ben Laoigh, B.

Pleurozia cochleariformis, Weiss. — Common on the Western Hills.

Anthelia julacea, Lightft. — Common from 500 ft. upwards ; B, 3000 ft., Lee,

A. Juratzkana, Limpr.—Beu Laoigh, B.
Herberta adunca, Dicks. — Common above 1000 ft.
Blepharozia ciliaris, L. — Common in Peaty bogs.

B. pulcherrima, ffo/m.—Hesid of Loch Lomond, B.
Trichocolea tomentella, Ehrh. — Common in shady places ; G, Lee.
Blepharostoma trichophyllum, Dill. — Common.

94 HEPATICAK.

Lepidozia reptans, />. Common, G, Lee.
L. setacea. Web. — Campbeltown, I.
Bazzania trilobata, L. — B, Loch Long, Lee.

B. triangularis, ,sv//AvV/>. — Ben Lomond, B.
Kantia trichomanis, L.- ( J, Lee ; H L, Scott Elliot.
K. arguta, M«rt.- -Helensburgh, F.

Cephalozia bicuspidata, L.— Common everywhere, H, Scott Elliot.

C. Lammersiana, Ht<l»'n. — Helensburgh, Campbeltown, BI.
C. connivens, Difkx. — Falls of Clyde, H.

C. curvifolia, J)ich. — Lanark, Hamilton, G H.

C. Sphagni, Dicks. — Loch Thorn, F.

C. divaricata, Sm. — Common, G, Lee ; F H, Scott Elliot.

C. leucantha, Spruce. — Largs, F.
Pleuroclada albescens, Hook. — Ben Laoigh, B.
Hygrobiella laxifolia, Hook. — Common above 1000 ft.

Scapania compacta, Lindenb. — Ben Laoigh, Largs, Campbeltown, I B F.

S. resupinata, J)um. — Common.

S. subalpina, Nee*. — Largs, Falls of Clyde, Darvel, F H.

S. nimbosa, Tat/L — Ben Laoigh, B.

S. aequiloba, Schwaege. — Ben Laoigh, Largs, Campbeltown, I B F.

S. nemorosa, L. — Largs, Darvel, Carradale, F G D or E.

S. undulata, L. — Common, G, Balldernock, Lee ; B F, Soott Elliot.

S. purpurea, I till. — Carr, B F, Scott Elliot.

S. purpurascens, Hook. — Sandbank.

S. uliginosa, Sw. — Ben Laoigh, Carradale, B D or I.

S. curta, Mart. — Killin, Trossachs, Campbeltown, I.

Diplophyllum albicans, L. — Common, B G, Lee ; B F L, Scott Elliot.

D. ovatum, Dicks. — Ben Lomond, Ben Laoigh, B.

Lophocplea bidentata, L. — Common, G, Lee ; B F H L M, Scott Elliot.

L. cuspidata, Limpr. — Common.

L. heterophylla, Schrad. — -Bothwell, Kilmarnock, G.

Chilpscyphus polyanthus, L. — Common, G, Lee ; H, Scott Elliot.

Mylia Taylori, Hook. — Common in bogs, B, Scott Elliot.

M. anomala, Hook. — Common in sub-alpine bogs.

Plagiochila asplenioides, L.— Common, G, Lee ; BHL, Scott Elliot.

P. Dillenii, Tayl. — Common.

P. spinulosa, Dicks. — Common.

P. punctata, Tayl. — Bowling, G.

P. tridenticulata, Tayl. — Dalmellington, Lochwinnoch, FL.

Jungermania cordifolia, Hook. — Common in subalpine wells and streams.

J. riparia, Tayl. — Ben Lomond, Loch Thorn, Falls of Clyde, BFH.

J. inflata, Huds. — Ben Lomond, B.

J. turbinata, Raddi. — John stone, F or G.

J. sphaerocarpa, Hook. — Common.

J. exsecta, Schinid. — Killin, Ben Lomond, B.

J. lycopodioides, Tayl. — Ben Laoigh, Killin, B.

J. Floerkii, Web. and Mohr. — Ben Lomond, Killin, Kyles of Bute, B E.

J. barbata, Schmid. — Common, G, Lee ; F, Scott Elliot.

J. Lyoni, Tayl. — Killin, Tarbert, Campbeltown, I B.

J. gracilis, Schleich. — Ben Lomond, Killin, Lanark, BH.

J. incisa, Schrad. — Common, F, Scott Elliot.

.J. bicrenata, Schmid. — Campsie, Kyles of Bute, Arran, E G.

J. alpestris, Schleich. — Ben Lomond, Killin, B.

J. ventricosa, Dicks. — Common, G, Bearsden, Lee.

J. saxicola, Schrad. — Creag Mohr.

J. minuta, Craritz. — Ben Laoigh, B.

J. crenulata, Sm. — Common, G, Lee.

HEPATICAE. 95

J. gracillima, Sm. — Common.
Eucalyx hyalina, Lyell. — Common.

E. obovata, Nees. — Common.

Nardia compressa, Hook. — Ben Laoigli, Killin, Largs, BF.
N. scalaris, Schrad. — Common.

Marsupella emarginata, Ehrh. — Common, B, Tarbet, Lee.
M. Funckii, Web. and Mohr. — Common.
Acolea corallioides, Nees. — Ben Lomond, Ben Laoigh, B.
A. concinnata, Corda. — Ben Lomond, Ben Laoigh, B.
A. crassifolia, Carr. — Ben Lomond, Ben Laoigh, B.
A. adusta, Nees, p.p. — Ben Lomond, Ben Laoigh, B.
Saccogyna viticulosa, Mich. — Common, B, Lee.

Fossombronia caespitiformis, De Not. — Uddingston, Largs, Maybole,
FGK.

F. pusilla, L. — Lanark, H.

Blasia pusilla, L. — Common, F, Scott Elliot.

Pellia epiphylla, L. — Common, G, Lee ; B F H, Scott Elliot.

P. Neesiana, Gottsche and Limpr. — Killin, Campsie, Largs, Arran, E F G.

Aneura palmata, Hedv:. — Killin, Ben Lomond, Largs, Campbeltown, BC F I.

A. multifida, L. — Campsie, Lochwinnoch, G.

A. sinuata, Dicks. — Common.

A. pinguis, L. — JBen Lomond, Campbeltown, I B.

Metzgeria pubescens, Schrank. — Ben Lomond, Arran, Largs, BEF.

M. furcata, L.— Common, B, Lee (1600 ft.) ; FH, Scott Elliot,

M. conjugata, Lindb. — Common, F, Scott Elliot.

Marchantia polymorpha, L. — Common, G, Lee.

Conocephalus conicus, L. — Common, G, Lee ; B H, Scott Elliot.

Reboulia hemisphaerica, L. — Largs, Campbeltown, A F.

Chomiocarpon quadratus, Xcop. — Common, H, Lee.

Lunularia cmciata, Z.- -Common near Gardens, B, Lee.

Riccia glauca, L. — Lochwinnoch, F.

R. bifurca, Hoffm. — Common everywhere.

E. crystallina, L. — Campbeltown, I.

Anthoceros punctatus, L. — Fields near Ayr, K.

P. EWING, F. L. S.

MOSSES.

MATERIAL included in this list has been contributed, or access to herbaria
permitted by Mrs. Finland, Miss E. R. Burden, Dr. Braithwaite, the late
Col. Stirling of Gargunnock, Prof. G. F. Scott Elliot, Messrs. D. A. Boyd,
W. Campbell, H. N. Dixon, P. Ewing, G. Herriott, R. Kidston, ,T. R. Lee,
R. M'Kay, D. Nimmo and R, D. Wilkie.

Explanations : The arrangement and nomenclature are those used by Mr.
H. N. Dixon in the Students' Handbook of British Mosses, the only exception
being that I have not followed him in the use of sub-species.

No contractions are used which are not self-explanatory or in general use.
except (Henn. herb.) = in the Kennedy Herbarium in (Anderson's) Glasgow
Technical College. Proper names in brackets are the collectors' names, except
in the case of (Stirton) which usually means quoted from Dr. Stirton's list
of 1876.

I am indebted to Mr. H. N. Dixon, M.A., F.L.S., for examining and con-
firming the naming of several species about which I was in doubt, viz.,
Tortula ambigua, Tortula intermedia, Camptotheciuni lutescens, Ambly-
stegium irriguum, and Hypnum riparium.

J. MURRAY.

MUSCI.

ORDER SPHAGNACEAE.

Sphagnum cymbifolium, Elirh.—A B E F G H J L.

S. medium, Limpr. — B, Dubh Lochan (Stirling and Kidston) ; G, Chapelton

Moss ; M, Crawfordjohn.
S. papillosum, Lindb.—A BDEFGHLM.

S. Austin!, Sull. — Dubh Lochan, near Loch Lomond (Stirling and Kidston),
S. rigidum, Schp.—A B F G L.
S. tenellum, Eltrli.—E F G H J L M.
S. subsecundum, Nees.—A B E F G H J L.
S. laricinum, Spruce. — B F G. ,

S. teres, Angstr. — F H.

S. squarrosum, Pers. — F G.

S. acutifolium, Ehrh.—A B D E F G H J L M.

S. Girgensohnii, Russ. — BFL.

S. finibriatum, Wils. — G, Frankfield, L. and Possil, frequent.

S. intermedium, #o/m.— B E F G H L M.

S. cuspidatum, Ehrk— AFGHM.

ORDER ANDREAEACEAE.

Andreaea petrophila, Ehrh.—E C F G H M.

A. alpina, 8mit/i.—A B E F.

A. Rothii, W. and J/.- A B E F G.

A crassinervia, Bruch. — B, Succoth Hill ; G, Kilpatrick Hills.

MOSSES. 97

*

ORDER TETRAPHIDACEAE.

Tetraphis pellucida, Hedw. — FGH, C. fr., Bevel's G.
T. Browniana, Grev.— ACFG.

ORDER POLYTRICHACEAE.

Catharinea undulata, W. and J/.— A BCEFGHJLM.

Oligotrichum incurvum, Lindb. — B E F G M.

Polytrichum nanum, Neck. — E, Arrau, (Landsborough) ; F, W. Kilbride
(Boyd) ; G, Barrhead (Stirton), Campsie (Farquhar). Frequently
recorded, commonly in error. I have seen no local specimen so named
that had not the columella winged.

P. aloides, Hedw.—A B C E F G H L M.

P. urnigerum, L.— A B C E F G J L M.

P. alpinum, L.- BEFGK.

P. sexangulare, Ehrh. — B, Ben Lomond (Hook. Flor. Scot.).

P. piliferum, Schreb.—A B C E F G H J M.

P. juniperinum, 1 Vilhl— A B F G H J L M.

P. strictum, Banks. — FG.

P. gracile, Dicks.— A B E F G H L.

P. formosum, Hedw.— A. B C E F G H J.

P. commune, L.—A BCEFGHJLM.

ORDER BUXBAUMIACEAE.

Buxbaumia aphylla, L. — B, Rowardennan (Paterson) ; E. Kilfinan (B. M. F.) ;
G, Bowling and Campsie (Stirton).

B. indusiata, Brid. — B, Loch Lomond (Stirton).
Diphyscium foliosum, Mohr. — A B E F G H,

ORDER DICRAXACEAE.

Archidium alternifolium, Schp. — G, Fossil (Stirton) ; L, Loch Doon.

Pleuridium axillare, Lindb. — G, Hamilton, frequent.

P. subulatum, Rabenh. — FGH.

P. alternifolium, Rabenh. — G, Canniesburn (Stirton).

Ditrichum homomallum, Hampe. — A B F G L.

D. flexicaule, Hampe.- -B F G H K.

Swartzia montana, Lindb. — B, Arrochar ; H, Stonebyres.

S. inclinata, Ehrh. — F, Stevenston (Stirton).

Seligeria Doniana, C.M.— A, Glen Shira (Rev. C. Smith); F, Kelly Glen, ] 887.

S. recurvata, B. and S. — F G H, frequent.

Brachyodus trichodes, Fiirnr. — FG, frequent.

Ceratodon purpureus, Brid. — C E F G H K L M.

Rhabdoweisia fugax, B. and S. — B, Cobbler ; F, Lochwimioch (Boyd).

R. denticulata, B. and S. — B CFG.

R. crenulata, Jameson. — B, Lochgoilhead and Cobbler ; F, Glengarnock.

Cynodontium Bruntoni, B. and S. — F, Gourock, 1867 (Stirton).

C. polycarpum, Schp.—l\ West Kilbride, 1887 (Boyd).
Dichodontium pellucidum, Schp.— A BCEFGHJKLM.

D. flavescens, Lindb. — E F G H L.

Dicranella heteromalla, Schp.- -A B E F G H J L M.
D. cerviculata, Schp. — F G.
D. crispa, Sd/p. — A B F G.
D. secunda, Lindb. — B E F.

D. curvata, Schp. — F, Hills of Dunoon, Greenock (Drummond).
D. rufescens, Schp.— CFGLM.
D. varia, Sckp.—B E F G L M.

D. Schreberi, Schp. — F, Dairy ; G, Lennoxtown (Stirton).
D. squarrosa, Schp.— A BCEFGHJLM.

G

98 MOSSES.

Blindia caespiticia, Lindb. — B, Ben Lomond (Stirton).

B. acuta, B. and S.—A B 0 E F G H L.
Dicranoweisia cirrata, Lindb. — F G H M, common.
D. crispula, Lindb. — B, Ben Vorlich.

Campylopus subulatus, Schp. — B, Succoth Hill, 1865 (M'Kinlay).

C. Schimperi, Milde. — B, Ben Lomond (Stirton).

C. Schwarzii, Schp.— A, Ben More, Cowal ; B, Cobbler and Ben Vorlich ;

F, Dunoon.

C. flexuosus, Brid.—A B E F G H L.
C. pyriformis, Si-id.— A E F G.
C. fragilis, B. and #.— B E F G H J L M.
C. atroyirens, De Not.— A B E F G L.

C. brevipilus, B. and S. — F, Cumbrae (Wilkie).
Dicranodontium longirostre, B. and S. — B F G.

var. alpinum. Succoth Hill, c. fr. (M'Kinlay).
Dicranum fulvellum, Smith,. — B, Cobbler.

D. falcatum, Hedw.—'R E.

D. Starkei, W. and M. — A, Ben More, Cowal.

D. bonjeani, De Not.—'E F G H J L.

D. scoparium, Hedw.—A B C D E F G H J K L M.

D. majus, Turn.— BEFGH JL.

D. fuscescens, Turn.— A B F G H L.

D. Scottianum, Turn. — B, Loch Lomond ; E, Tighnabruaich ; F, Dunoon.

D. uncinatum, C.M. — B, Ben Vorlich by Loch Lomond 1825 (Greville).

D. asperulum, Mitt.— B, Cobbler and Ben Vorlich ; G, Lenuoxtown, 1861

(M'Kinlay), Milngavie, 1864 (Stirton).
Leucobryum glaucum, Schp.— ABEFGHLM, Ben Lomond, c, f r. (Stirton).

ORDER FISSIDENTACEAE.

Fissidens exilis, Hedw. — G, Fossil (Stirton), Frankfield Loch.

F. viridulus, Wahl— G, Mains, (Wilkie).

F. pusillus, Wils.— FGHK.

F. incurvus, Starbe.—F, Seamill and West Kilbride ; G, Fossil (Stirton).

F. tamarindifolius, Wils. — G, Fossil (Stirton).

F. bryoides, ffedw.—'B CEFGHJKLM.

F. crassipes, Wils. — G, Fossil (Stirton), Hamilton, Blantyre Mills.

F. osmundoides, Hedw.—A B C E F G H L.

F. adiantoides, Hedw.—A BCEFGHJKLM.

F. decipiens, De. Not.— ABEFGH JKL.

F. taxifolius, Hedw.—A CEFGHJKLM.

ORDER GRIMMIACEAE.

Grimmia apocarpa, Hedw.—A BCEFGHJKLM.

G. conferta, FuncL— G, Bowling (Stirton) ; H, Falls of Clyde (Wilkie).
G. maritima, Turn. — E F J K.

G. funalis, Schp.—'B, Cobbler.

G. torquata, Hornsch.- — B, Cobbler.

G. pulyinata, Smith.— B E F G H K L.

G. orbicularis, Bruch. — G, Bowling (Stirton).

G. trichophylla, Grev.- B F G H K M.

G. Miihlenbeckii, Schp.—G, Bothwell (Stirton).

G. subsquarrosa, Wils. — B, Loch Lomond (Dixon) ; F, Dumbuck, c. fr.

(Stirton).

G. Stirtoni, /Schp. — G, Near Glasgow (Stirton).
G. decipiens, Lindb. — F, Cardross and Dumbuck (Stirton).
G. robusta, Ferg.—B, Garelochhead (Hunt.) ; F, Cardross (Stirton).
G. Hartmani, Schp. — B, Loch Lomond ; F, Cardross ; G, Campsie.

MOSSES. 99

G. patens, B. and S. — B, Cobbler ; C, Dry men ; F, Glengarnock.

G. Doniana, Sm.—G H K M.

G. leucophaea, G'rev. — E, Dumbuck (Stirton).

G. elongata, Kaul. — G, frequent near Glasgow (Stirton).

Rhacomitrium ellipticum, B. and 8. — B, Cobbler.

R. aciculare, Brid. —A BCEFGHJKLM.

R. protensum, Braun. — A B E F G H L.

R. fasciculare, Brid.— A. B C E F G H K L M.

R heterostichum, Brid.— A BCEFGHJKLM.

R. sudeticum, B. and S. — B F H.

R. lanuginosum, Brid.— A B C D E F G H L M.

R. canescens, Brid.— A B C' E F G H K L M.

Ptychomitrium polyphyllum, FUrnr.—A BCEFGHJKLM.

Glyphomitrium Daviesii, Brid. — C, Dungoyne ; G, Bowling 1863 (Gait and

McCartney), etc.
Hedwigia ciliata, Ehrh.—A BCEFGHKL.

ORDER TORTULACEAE.

Acaulon muticum, C. M. — G, Shawlanda (Henn. herb.) ; I, Campbeltown
(Ewing).

A. triquetriim, C.M. — G, Near Glasgow (Stirton).

Phascum cuspidatum, Schreb. — G, Carmyle, Hamilton, common.

Pottia recta, Mitt. — Bowling (Stirton).

P. Heimii, Fiirnr.—E F G.

P. trancatula, Li nab. — FGH.

P. intermedia, Filr/ir. — F, West Kilbride (Boyd).

P. crinita, Wtt. — G, Maryhill (Stirton).

P. minutula, Fiirnr. — F, West Kilbride (Boyd).

P. lanceolata, C.M. — G, Bowling (Stirton).

Tortula pusilla, Mitt. — F, Dumbarton ; G, Glasgow, frequent (Stirton).

T. rigida, Schrad. — G, Paisley Canal (M'Kinlay), Fossil Ed. (Stirton).

o

T. ambigua, Angstr. — G, Cathkin Quarry, Calderwood Glen, frequent near

Hamilton.
T. aloides, De Not. — F, Largs (Boyd) ; common (Stirton). This species and

T. ambigua confused in local records.
T. atrovirens, Lindb. — F, Car-dross (Stirton).
T. marginata, Spruce. — F, Dumbarton (Stirton).
T. muralis, Hedw.—A BCEFGHJKLM.
T. subulata, ffedw.—F G H K L.

T. mutica, Lindb. — G, Glasgow (Drummond) ; K, Daillv, c. fr. (Shaw).
T. laevipila, Schwgr.— BFGH JK.

T. intermedia, Berk. — G, Bowling (Stirton) ; H, Walston.
T. ruralis, Ehrh.—E F H.
T. ruraliformis, Dixon. — F, West Kilbride.
T. princeps, De Not.— G, Bowling (Stirton) ; H, frequent near Lanark, Falls

of Clyde, etc.; abundant at Hazelbank.
T. papillosa, Wils.— BFHK.
Barbula rubella, Mitt.— A. B C E F G H L M.

B. tophacea, Mitt.—E FGH.

B. fallax, Hedw. -B F G H K L M.

B. spadicea, Mitt. — G, Cathkin ; H, Fiddler Gill, and Walston.

B. rigidula, Mitt— A B F G H K L.

B. cylindrica, Schp.—U F G H J K, c. fr. Falls of Clyde.

B. gracilis, Schwgr. — G, Bowling (Stirton).

B. Hornschuchiana, Schidtz. — H, Lesmahagow ; K, Dailly (Shaw).

B. revoluta, Brid.— A B E F G H K.

100 MOSSES.

B. convoluta, ffedw.—FG.

B. unguiculata, Hedir.—B F G H J K M.

Leptodontium flexifolium, Hpe.— BFH JL, c. fr. Tinto.

L. recurvifolium, Lfndb.—B, Ben Lomond ami Ben Vorlich (M Kinlay).

Weisia microstoma, C.M.— G, Campsie Glen (Wilkie).

W. viridula, //<'dw.—B C F G H L.

W. mucronata, B. and S. — G, Dowanhill, c. fr. (Stirton).

W. tenuis, O.M.—C F G K.

W. rupestris, C. M.— B C E F G H K L.

W. curvirostris, C. M.— B F G H.

W. verticillata, Brid.— BFGH.

Trichostomum crispulum, Bruc/i..—F G H K.

T. mutabile, Bruch.—& E F J L.

T. flavovirens, Bruch. — E, Tighuabruaich (Stirton).

T. tenuirostre, Lindb.—A B E F G L, c. fr. Campsie (Stirton).

T. tortuosum, Dixon.—E C E F G H K L.

Cinclidotus fontinaloides, P. Beam. — B E G H.

ORDER ENCALYPTACEAE.

Encalypta vulgaris, Hedw.—G, Mugdock (King) ; H, Falls of Clyde (Wilkie).
E. ciliata, JIo/m.—F, Largs (Boyd) ; G, Ballagan.
E. streptocarpa, Hedw.—A B E F G H L M.

ORDER ORTHOTRICHACEAE.

Anaectangium compactum, Schwgr. — A B E F H L.

Zygodon lapponicus, B. and S. — G, Kittochside (Wilkie).

Z. Mougeotii, B. and ,S'.— B C D E F G H J K L, c. fr. Campsie (Stirton).

Z. viridissimus, Brown. — A B G H J K L.

Z. Stirtoni, Schp.— B F G H, Falls of Clyde, c. fr. (Wilkie).

Z. conoideus, H. and T. — A, Inveraray (Dickson) ; K. Dailly (Shaw).

Ulota Ludwigii, Brid. — B, Glen Falloch (Hunt), Rowardennan (Wood).

U. Drummondii, Brid. — G, Campsie Glen (Heim. herb.) ; K, Daillv (Shaw) :

B, Glen Falloch (Grev.).

U. BrucMi, Hornsck.—A BDEFGHJKLM.
U. crispa, Brid.— A BDEFGHKM.
U. calvescens, Schp. — B, Rowardennan (Bury) ; K, Dailly (Shaw) ; L, Loch

Doon (Shaw).

U. phyllantha, Brid.— A B E F G J K.

U. Hutchinsiae, Hamm. — A, Ardrishaig (Stirton) ; B, Loch Lomond.
Orthotrichum rupestre, Schleich. — A B E F G H K.
0. anomalum, Hedw. — F G K.
0. cupulatum, Hoffm.—E G H K L.
0. Shawii, Wils.—K, Kilkerran, 1862 (Shaw).
0. leiocarpum, B. and S. — B G H J K.
0. Lyellii, H. and L.—B E F G H J K L M.
0. affine, Sckrad.—B F G H K M.
0. rivulare, Turn. — G H K, frequent.

0. Sprucei, Mont.—G, By Clyde, 1824 (Drummond) ; K, Dailly (Shaw).
0. Schimperi, Hamm. — B, Rowardennan (Wood) ; K, Dailly (Shaw).
0. stramineum, Hornsch. — B F H J K.
0. tenellum, Bruch.— BFHK.
0. pulchellum, Smith.— E F G H K M.
0. diaphanum, Schrad.—A F G H K.

ORDER SCHISTOSTEGACEAE.
Schistostega osmundacea, Mohr. — G, Kilsyth Glen, 1884 (Dr. Calder).

MOSSES. 101

ORDER SPLACHXACEAE.

Oedipodium Griffithianun, Schwgr. — B, Cobbler and Ben Lomond.
Splachnum ampullaceum, L. — A, Glen Massan (Herriot) ; E, Arran (Lands-

borough) ; G, Garnkirk (Henn. Herb.).
S. sphaericum, Linnfil. — BFGHL.
S. vasculosum, L. — B, Ben Lomond (Lightfoot).
Tetraplodon mnioides, B. and S. — B E K L.
T. angustatus, B. and S.—B, Hell's Glen (Stirton).
Tayloria lingulata, Lindb. — B, Ben Lomond (D. Don).

OUDER FUXARIACEAE.

Discelium nudum, Brid. — G, Gartnavel (Stirton).
Ephemerum serratum, Hampe. — G, Near Glasgow (Stirton).
Physcomitrella patens, B. and S. — G, Hamilton (Stirton).
Physcomitrium pyriforme, Brid. — F, Devol's Glen (Stirton) ; G, Blyths-

wood (Wilkie).

Funaria fascicularis, Schp. — F, Devol's Glen (Stirton) ; W. Kilbride (Boyd).
F. ericetomm, Dixon. — BEH.
F. Templetoni, Sm.—A B E F.
F. hygrometrica, Sibth.—E C E F G H M.
F. calcarea, WaM. — E, Arran (Landsborough).

ORDER MEESIACEAE.

Amblyodon dealbatus, P. Beam: — G, Fin Glen (M'Kay).
Meesia trichoides, Spruce. — F, Largs (Boyd).
Aulacomnium palustre, Schwgr. — A B C E F G H J L M.

A. androgynum, Schwgr. — G, Cadder Wood (Wilkie) ; H, Falls of Clyde

(Wilkie).

ORDER BARTRAMIACEAE.

Conostomum boreale, Stcartz. — B, Ben Lomond ; E, Arran.
Bartramia Oederi, Sw. — F G.

B. ithyphylla, Brid.—E C E F G H K M.

B. pomiformis, ffediv.—A BCEFGHLM.
B. Halleriana, Hediv. — F, Largs ; G, Campsie ; L, Loch Doon.
Bartramidula tenella, Stirton. — B, Cobbler (Stirton).
Philonotis fontana, Brid.— A. B C E F G H J K L M.
P. calcarea, Schp. — G, Campsie, c. fr. (Stirton).
P. capillaris, Lindb. — B, Cobbler (Stirton) ; G, Campsie Glen.
Breutelia arcuata, Schp. — A B C E F G H J K L M, c. fr. Largs, Campsie
Glen, and Dailly.

ORDER BRYACEAE.

Orthodontium gracile, Schwgr. — F, West Kilbride, 1887 (Boyd) ; G, Lennox

Cas. 1865 (Stirton).
Leptobryum pyriforme, Wils. — F, West Kilbride ; G, Fossil, Hamilton,

frequent.

Webera polymorpha, Schp. — B, Cobbler.
W. acuminata, Schp. — B, Cobbler.

W. elongata, Schwgr. — A, Ben More, Cowal ; B, Cobbler.
W. cruda, Schwgr.— B C F G H L M.
W. nutans, Hedw.—A. B C E F G H J L M.
W. annotina, Schwgr. — B C F G H, c. f r. Ardeer, Some doubt attaches to

all the records of this species. It is not understood. Bulbils like those

relied on in naming this occur also in other species.
W. Ludwigii, Schp. — B, Ben Lomond, Cobbler.

W. commutata, Schp. — B, Ben Lomond (Stirton) ; G, Campsie (Hunt).
W. gracilis, De Xot. — B, Ben Lomond (Stirton).

102 MOSSP:S.

W. carnea, Schp.— A E G H J L.

W. albicans, Schp. — EFGH, c. fr., Arran (Campbell), Largs (Boyd), Calder-
wood Glen, Campsie.

Plagiobryum Zierii, Lindb.—A B C D E F G H L.

Bryum filiforme, Dicks.— A B C E F G L.

B. pendulum, Schp. — H, Tinto. Formerly regarded as common and perhaps
frequent enough, but since the elucidation of this species by the char-
acter of the peristome no other specimen has been seen.

B. Warneum, Bland. — F, Steven ston (Stirton).

B. Marratii, Wils. — F, Stevenston (Stirton).

B. inclinatum, Bland. — B F G.

B. uliginosum, B. and S. — B, Inverarnan (Hunt) ; G, Fossil (Stirton).

B. pallens, Sw.—A B C E F G H L.

B. turbinatum, Schwgr. — E, Arran (Landsborough) ; H, Fiddler Gill, c. fr.

B. bimum, Schreb. — F, Stevenston (Stirton).

B. pseudo-triquetrum, Schwqr. — A BCEFGHJLM.

B. caespiticium, L.— B E F G H L M.

B. capillare, L.— A BCEFGHJKLM.

B. erythrocarpum, Schwgr. — F, Cumbrae (Henii. herb.).

B. atropurpiireum, W. and M. — H, Lesmahagow.

B. Donianum, Grev. — B, Inversnaid (Burchard).

B. murale, Wils. — F, Skelmorlie (Fingland) ; K, Girvan (Shaw).

B. alpinum, Huds* — ABCE FG JL, c. fr., Tighnabruaich (Fingland).

B. Mildeanum, Jur. — B, Ben Narnain 1899 (Dixon).

B. argenteum, L.— C F G H L M.

B. roseum, Schreb. — F, Cumbrae- c. fr. 1861 (Levack), Largs ; H, Falls of
Clyde.

B. Dixoni, Cardotin litt. — B, Ben Narnain 1899 (Dixon). Placed here, mean-
while, as I am unaware of its affinities.

Mnium affine, Bland.— F G H K.

M. cuspidatum, Hedw. — F H.

M. rostratum, Schrad.—C E F G H J K.

M. undulatum, L.— A B C E F G H J K L M, c. f r., Largs (Boyd).

M. hornum, L.— ABCDE FGH JKLM.

M. serratum, Schrad.— C F G H K.

M. stellare, Reich.— FGH.

M. cinclidioides, Hiibn.—B, Balloch (Wilkie) ; F, Kilmalcolm (Wilkie).

M. punctatum, L.— A B C D E F G H K L M.

M. subglobosum, B. and S. — F, Devol's Glen (Boyd) ; G, Fossil (Stirton).

ORDER FONTINALACEAE.

Fontinalis antipyretica, L.— A B C F G H M.
F. scLuamosa, L.— A B C F G M.

ORDER CRTPHAEACEAE.

Cryphaea heteromalla, .Mohr. — B, Lochgoilhead ; F, Largs ; K, Dailiy ;
M, Crawfordjohn.

ORDER NECKERACEAE.

Neckera crispa, Hedw. — A E F G H L.

N. pumila. Hedw.— A B F G K.

N. complanata, Hiibn. — FGHJL.

Homalia trichomanoides, Brid. — A E F G H K.

ORDER HOOKERIACEA.
Pterygophyllum lucens, Brid.—B C E F G H L.

MOSSES. 103

ORDER LEUCODONTACEAE.

Pterogonium gracile, Sw. — B, Loch Lomond ; F, Cumbrae, Largs.

Habrodon Notarisii, Schp. — B, Eossdhn, 1898 (Wilkie).

Myrinia pulvinata, Schp. — H, Falls of Clyde (Stirton) ; K, Girvan Val.,

c. fr., 1865 (Shaw).

Antitrichia curtipendula, End. — F G H.
Porotrichum alopecurum, Mitt. — B CEFGHJKL.

ORDER LESKEACEAE.

Leskea polycarpa, Ehrh. — B F G H.

Anomodon viticulosus, H. and T. — FGH, c. fr., Campsie Glen.
Pterigynandrum filiforme, Hedw. — Frequent Western Hills (Stirton).
Heterocladium heteropterum, B. and S. — B C F G H L M.

var. fallax. FGH.

Pseudoleskea atrovirens, B. and S. — G, Blantyre Priory (D. Don).
Thuidium abietinum, B. and S. — F, Stevenston (Stirton).
T. tamariscinum, B. and S.— ABCE FGH JKLM, c. fr., Innellan and

Falls of Clyde.

T- delicatulum, Mitt.—K, Dailly, 1865 (Shaw).
T. recognition, Lindb.—A B C F G H L.

ORDER HYPNACEAE.

Climacium dendroides, W. and M. — BCEFGHLM, c. fr., Lochwinnoch

(King) ; Craigallion (Boyd).

Pylaisia polyantha, B. and S. — K. Dailly (Stirton.)
Orthothecium mfescens, B. and S. — B, Ben Narnain, Glen Douglas.
0. intricatum, B. and S. — F, Largs ; G, Campsie Glen ; H, Falls of Clyde.
Isothecium myuriim, End. — A B F G H J K L.
Pleuropus sericeus, Dixon. — B C F G H J K L M.
Camptothecium lutescens, B. and S. — G, East Kilbride ; H, Falls of

Clyde.

C. nitens, Schp.—H, Tinto, 1900.
Brachythecium glareosum, B. and S. — F, Largs (Boyd) ; G, Hamilton ;

H, Stonehouse.

B. albicans, B. and S.—F G H K L, c. fr., West Kilbride (Boyd).
B. salebrosum, B. and S.— Frequent (Stirton).

var. palustre, Schp. — F, West Kilbride (Boyd).
B. rutabulum, B. and S .—A BCEFGHJKLM.
B. rivuiare, B. and S.—A B C E F G H K L M.
B. velutinum, B. and S.— B F G H M.
B. populeum, B. and S.—E CEFGHKLM.
B. plumosum, B. and S.—A B C E F G H J L M.
B. purum, Dixon.- ABCE FGH JKLM, c. fr., Innellan (King); Troon,

Milugavie (Stirton).

Hyocomium flagellare, B. and S. — A B E F.
Eurhynchium piliferum, B. and S. — ACFGHKLM, c. fr., Ban-head

(Stirton).
E. crassinervium, B. and S. — F, Larg-s ; G, Cadzow ; H, Falls of Clyde,

c. fr.

E. praelongum, B. and S.—A BCDEFGHJKLM.
E. Swartzii, Hobkirk.— A C F G H K.
E. pumilum, Schp. — F, Cumbrae (Henn. herb.) ; Cardross (Stirton) ; G,

Hamilton ; K, Bennane Hd.
E. Teesdalei, Schp. — F, Gourock and Cardross (Stirton) ; G, Campsie

Glen, c. fr. ; K, Dailly (Shaw).
E. tenellum, Milde. — F, Millport ; G, Cadzow.

104 MOSSES.

E. myosuroides, Schp.— A. B C E F G H J K L M.

E. striatum, B. and S.— B 0 E F G H J K L.

E. striatulum, B. and S. — E, Tighnabruaich (Stirton).

E. rusciforme, Milde.—A B C F G H J K M.

E. murale, Milde.— AGHK.

E. confertum, Milde.—A. B F G H J K.

Plagiothecium depression, Dixon.—F, Portincross (Boyd) ; G, Hamilton

(Stirton), Campsie Glen ; K, Dailly (Shaw).
P. Borrerianum, Spruce.— B C D E F G H L.
P. Mullerianum, Schp. — B, Ben Narnain, 1896.
P. pulchellum, B. and S.—B C D E F G L.
P. striatellum, Lindb. — B, Cobbler.
P. denticulatum, B. and S.—A BCEFGHJKLM.

var. sylvaticum. F, Largs (Boyd), Cumbrae (Henn. herb.) : H, Fiddler

Gill.

P. undulatum, B. and S.—A B E F G H J K L M.
Amblystegium serpens, B. and S. — C E F G H K.
A. irriguum, B. and S.—F, West Kilbride (Boyd) ; G, East Kilbride ; H,

near Douglas ; K, Girvan Val. (Shaw).
A. fluviatile, B. and S.—G F G H M.
A. filicinum, De Not.—R CFGHJKLM.
Hypnum riparium, L. — F, Lochwinnoch; G, Blantyre, c. fr., Fossil; Loch

End.

H. polygamum, Schp.—F, West Kilbride (Boyd) ; G, Fossil (Stirton).
H. stellatum, Sckreb.—A B C E F G H J K L M, c. fr., Milngavie.
H. chrysophyllum, Brid. — F G H.
H. Sommerfeltii, Myr. — G, Campsie Glen ; K, Dailly.
H. aduncum, Hedw. — E F G.

H. Wilsoni, Schp. — F, Cumbrae (Boyd) ; G, Gartcosh (Stirton).
H. lycopodioides, Schwgr.—Q, Campsie Hills (G. and D. Don).
H. fluitans, L.— BFGH.
H. exanulatum, Giimb.—A B E F G H J.
H. uncinatum, Hedw.— A B C F G H L M.
H. vernicosum, Lindb. — F, West Kilbride (Bovd).
H. revolvens, Sw.—A B C E F G H L M.
H. commutatum, Hedw.— A B E F G H J K L M.
H. falcatum, Brid.— A C E F G H M.
H. incurvatum, Schrad. — K, Dailly.
H. cupressiforme, L.— A B C D E F G H J K L M.
H. Patientiae, Lindb.— A E F G H L.

H. callichroum, Brid.— -~B, Ben Narnain ; E, Goat Fell (Campbell).
H. molluscum, Hedw.— A BCEFGHJKLM.
H. palustre, L.— A BCEFGHJKLM.
H. eugyrium, Schp. — A, Glen Massan ; B, Loch Lomond ; G, Campsie Glen

(Shaw).

H. ochraceum, Turn.— A BCEFGHLM.
H. scorpioides, L. — ABEFGJM, c. fr., near Kilmun (Stirton); Loch

Humphray Burn (Wilkie).
H. micans, Wils. — B, Succoth Hill, Arrochar, June 1866 (M'Kinlay). Dr.

Braithwaite noticed the specimen in Wilson's Herbarium in British

Museum.

H. stramineum, Dicks. — BFGHL, c. fr., West Kilbride (Boyd).
H. trifarium, W. and M. — B, Ben Lomond (Stirton).
H. cordifolium, ffedw.—E F G, c. f r., West Kilbride (Boyd).
H. giganteum, Schp.—B F G H.
H. sarmentosum, Wahl. — A B E F G.
H. cuspidatum, L.— A BCEFGHJKLM.

MOSSES.

105

H. Schreberi, Willd.-A B C E F G H J K L M, c. fr., Innellan (King) ; Barr-

head (Stirton).

Hylocomium splendens, B. and S.—A B C E F G H J K L 1L
H. umbratum, B. and S. — B, Cobbler.
H. brevirostre, B. and S.—A E F G H K L.
H. loreum, B. and S.—A B E F G H K L M.
H. squarrosum, B. and S.—A B C E F G H J K L M.
H. triquetrum, B. and £.— B CEFGHJKLM.

FERNS AND THEIR ALLIES.

THIS list is based, as to arrangement and nomenclature, on Sir J. D.
Hooker's Students' Flora of the British Islands. Of the 19 genera and sub-
genera in that work, there are representatives of 17 in the Clyde area—
Adiantum and Gymnogramme only being absent ; while of the 48 species
and sub-species, 40 have been recorded : Capillus Veneris, Asplenium
germanicum, A. septentrionale, Woodsia Ilvensis, Cystopteris alpina,
Nephrodium Thelypteris, Gyrnnograrame leptophylla, and Ophioglossum
Lusitanicum being the absentees. The distribution of the genera and
sub-genera, species and sub-species, and varieties, as at present recorded,
is as follows : Section A, 6 genera and sub-genera, 8 species and sub-species,
and 5 varieties ; B, 17 genera, 26 species, and 10 varieties ; C, 14, 20, and 5 ;
D-I, 13, 18, 0 ; E-I, 17, 29, 26 ; F, 17, 31, 14 ; G, 16, 25, 4 ; H, 8, 12, 2 ;
K, 14, 21, 4 ; and L-M, 13, 20, 6.

The only records in Scotland of Trichomanes radicans, Asplenium lanceo-
latum, Nephrodium cristatum, and N. rigidum are for the Clyde area, while
there are several new and striking, and a considerable number of rare,
varieties of Nephrodium dilatatum and of Athyrium Filix-foemina peculiar
to it. Hymenophyllum tunbridgense is recorded for 4, and H. unilaterale,
for 8 sections ; while Woodsia hyperborea, Cystopteris montana, Aspidium
lonchitis, and Ceterach officinarum (now rare in Scotland) are recorded. A
few, only, of the sections have been thoroughly examined — even common
species having no record in fully half the number. It is to be hoped that
more attention will be devoted in future to those sections which have been
hitherto comparatively neglected.

Thanks are due to Professor G. F. Scott Elliot for access to the
Herbaria in the West of Scotland Technical College, and other records ;
to Mrs. G. J. Combe, Glasgow, and Messrs. A. Laing, Troon, and
T. Wise, Hamilton, for access to private collections ; and to Messrs. R.
Kidston, F.R.S.E., Stirling ; D. A. Boyd, West Kilbride ; the Rev. D. Lands-
borough, Kilmarnock ; L. M'lnnes, Campbeltown ; J. R. Lee, Glasgow ; and
P. Ewing, Uddingston ; and others for information and assistance in
drawing up the list.

ORDER I. FILICES (FERNS).

/. Hymenophi/lleae.

1 Hymenophyllum, Km.— H. tunbridgense, Sm. — B E & I F G.
H. unilaterale, Willd.— A B C D & I E & I F G L & M.

2 Trichomanes, L. — T. radicans, L.— E & I, Corrie, G. J. Combe, 1863 !

nr. Mauchrie Bay, R. Kidston, 1876 ! Northend, Miss M'Bean,
1877 ! Loch Fyne, Cook and Young, 1863 !

FERNS AND THEIR ALLIES. 107

//. Polypodieae.

4 Pteris, Z.— P. aquilina, L.— B CD&IE&IFGHKL&M.

var. integerrima, Moore. — B, Tarbet ; Lowe, vol. ii. p. 413.

5 Cryptogramme, B.— C. crispa, Br.— BCE&IFGKL&M.

6 Lomaria, Willcl— L. spicant, Desv.— B C D & I E & I F G K L & M.

7 Asplenium, L. (Sub-gen. 1).-A. Ruta-muraria, Z.— ACD&IE&IF

GHK.

A. Trichomanes, Z.— B C D & I E & I F G H K L & M.
A. viride, Huds.—A B C E & I F G H L & M.
A. marinum, Z.— D & I E & I F K.
A. lanceolatum, Huds. — A, Lochgilphead, Link, (Moore's British Ferns

1857, p. 169).

A. Adiantum-nigrum, Z.— A C D & I E & I F G H K L & M.
var. obtusatum, Moore. — A, Ardrishaig ; Lowe, vol. ii. p. 175.
var. oxyphyllum, Moore. — F, Dunoon ; Lowe, vol. ii., p. 176.
Athyrium, Roth. (Sub-gen. 2).— A. Filix-foemina, Benik.— BC D& I

E&IFGHKL&M.
var. rhaeticum, Roth.— A. B C E & I F G.
var. molle, Roth. — E & I, Bute, Arran, Hen. 5th Ed. ; Kiiigscross,

Balfour's MSS. ; F, Cumbrae, Hen. 5th Ed. ; G, Hamilton,

Hen. 5th Ed.
var. marinum, Moore. — E & I, Bute, Arran, Hen. 5th Eel. ; F, Inver-

kip, Cumbrae, Hen. 5th Ed.
var. incisum, Hojf. — E & I, Bute, Arran, Hen. 5th Ed. ; F, Gourock,

Cumbrae, Hen. 5th Ed. ; G, Gadder Wilderness, Garscube, Hen. 5th Ed.
var. laxum, Scku.—A B E & I G K.
var. odontomanes, Moore. — A B E & I F G K.
var. Ewingii, Ewing. — C, Campsie Glen, P. Ewing, 1872 !
var. digitata, Lowe. — E&I, Kilmory, Arran, 1880, W. S.
var. distans, Moore. — E& I, Sannox^, 1879, W. S.
var. hymenophyllum, Moore. — E&I, Corrie, 1879, W. S.
var. pendens, Moore. — E& I, Corrie, 1879, W. S.
var. pannosum, Moore. — E& I. Corrie, 1878, AY. S.
var. Arranense, Lowe. — E & I, Arran, 1863, P. N. Fraser ; Corrie,

1879 ; Dipping, 1899, AY. S. ; F, Dundonald, A. Laing !
var. Victoriae, Moore. — C, Buchanan Castle, 1861 ; J, Cosh.
var. refractum-multifidum, Moore. — E & I, Corrie, 1879, AY. King !

"Hew and good," Moore.

var. laciniatum, Moore. — G, Craigmaddie, G. J. Combe !
var. pruinosum, Moore. — B, Tarbet, Lowe, vol. ii., p. 81.
var. granclideiis, Moore. — K, Heads of Ayr, A. Laing !
var. plumosum-Landsboroughi, Laing. — F, Dundonald, A. Laing !
A. Ceterach, Willd. — (Sub-gen. 3). C. officinarum, Desv. — B, Roseneath,

1895, Miss Henderson, E.v. A7 at. Hist. Soc. ; F, near Largs, 1896,

AY. S. ; G, near Paisley, Hen. 5th Ed. ; Gait's Herb. ; AY. S., 1880; K,

near Ayr, Bot. of Ayrshire, 1882 ; J. Hendry, Paisley ; Berry, Lendal-

foot ; L&M, Loch Doon, Bot. of Ayrshire, 1882.

8 Scolopendrium, Sw.—S. vulgare, 8m.— B CD&IE&IFGHKL&M.

9 Woodsia, Br.—W. hyperborea, Br.— B, Glen Falloch, Flora of Perth-

shire, 1898.
10 Cystopteris, Bemh.—V. fragilis, Bernh.—A. BCD & IE & IF GHK

L & M.
var. dentata, Hook. — B, Loch Lomond, Balfour's MSS. ; Tarbet, Hills

above Holy Loch, Hen. 5th Ed. ; E&I, Blue Rock, Arran, T. King ;

Corrie, AAr. S. ; G, Mauchline, A. Laing !
var. angustata, Moore. — E & I, Corrie, AY. S.

108 FERNS AND THEIR ALLIES.

C. montana, Link. — B, Ben Lui, Druce, P. Ewing, J. R. Lee ; Ben
Lomond, A. Somerville, 1894.

11 Aspidium, Sw. — A. lonchitis, Sw. — B, Ben Lomond, J, Ramsay,

Balfour's MSS., Flora of Perthshire, Ben Lni ; J. R. L. ; Ben Voirlich,

R. Mackay.

A. aculeatuin, Sw.— B C E & I F G H K.
A. lobatum, Sw.— CD&IE&IFGHKL& M.
A. angulare, Wilkl.—B D & I E & I F G K.

1 2 Nephrodium, Rich.— IS. Filix-mas, Rich.—& C D & I E & I F G K L & M.

var. incisum, Moore. — F, Craigie, A. Laing ! G, Woods around Glas-
gow, Hen. 5th Ed., Mauchline, A Laing !
var. productum, Moore. — E & I, Bute, Arran, Hen. 5th Ed. ; F, Gourock,

Hen. 5th Ed. ; Craigie, A. Laing ! G, Garscube, Gadder Wilderness,

Hen. 5th Ed. ; Mauchline, A. Laing !
var. paleaceum, Moore. — C E & I F G L & M.
var. pumilum, Moore. — L&M, New Gumnock, A. Laing !
var. abbreviatum, Moore. — L&M, New Gumnock, A. Laing !
N. cristatum, Rich.—F, near Grofthead, G. J. Gombe, Hen. 5th Ed. ;

Renfrew, Hook. Stud. Flora.
N. rigidum, Desv.— E&I, Corrie, R. B. Stewart! F, Dundonald, 1896,

A. Laing ! L&M, New Cumnock, 1899, A. Laing ! Only one

plalit was found in each instance, the Corrie one was verified by the

late T. Moore, and the others by W. S.
N. spinulosum, Desv.— (Sub-sp.). B C D & I E & I F G.

var. nanum, Sim. — E&I, Corrie, W. S.
N. dilatatum, Desv.— (Sub-sp.). B C D & I E & I F G H K L & M.

var. nanum, Newm. — E&I, Bute, Arran, Hen. 5th Ed.; G, Gadder

Wilderness, Hen. 5th Ed.
var. dumetorum, Moore. — E&I, Colintraive, Bute, Arran, Hen. 5th

Ed. ; Colintraive, Corrie, W. S. ; G, Gadder Wilderness, Hen. 5th

Ed. ; L&M, N. Cumnock, A. Laing !
var. collinum, Moore. — H, Ardrishaig, T. Moore; B, Tarbet, T. Moore;

E&I, Arran, T. Moore ; Bute, Colintraive, Arran, Hen. 5th Ed.
var. alpinum, Moore. — B, Ben Lomond, L. Watt ; E&I, Lamlash, Hen.

Herb. ; Corrie, (in three very distinct forms,) W. S. ; L & M,

N. Cumnock, A. Laing !
var. glandulosum, Moore. — E & I, Bute, Arran, Hen. 5th Ed. ; G,

Gadder Wilderness, Hen. 5th Ed.
var. pumilum, Moore. — E&I, Bute, Arran, Hen. 5th Ed., Lowe, vol. i.,

p. 305 ; Colintraive, Hen. 5th Ed. ; F, Dumbarton, Lowe, vol. i.,

p. 305.
var. micromerum,- Moore. — B, Glencroe, Lowe, vol. i., p. 315; G, Stoney

Brae, Paisley, W. S.

var. laceratum, Moore. — B, Ben Lomond, 1878, W. S.
var. grandidens, Moore. — E & I, Corrie, W. S.
var. cuspidens, Moore. — B, Ben Lomond, W. S. ; E & I, Corrie, W.

King, W.S. A new and striking form, named for compiler by

Mr. Moore.

var. gracile, Lowe. — E & I, Arran, Lowe, vol. i., p. 316.
var. rugosum, Tait. — H, Monkland Glen, Lowe, vol. i., p. 320.
var.. validum-erectum, Moore. — H, Monkland Glen, Lowe, vol. i.,

p. 291 ; L & M, New Cumnock, A. Laing !

N. remotum, Braun. (sub-sp.). — F, Dundonald, 1899, A. Laing !
N. aemulum, Baker. — D I E & I, Corrie, Lamlash, Hen. 5th Ed. ; Bute,

Arran, Balfour's MSS. ; Lamlash, G. J. Combe ! Holy Isle, Kings-
cross, Corrie, Lochranza, W. S. ; F, Wemyss Bay, Fairlie, W. S. ;

West Kilbride, D. A. Boyd ; Dundonald, A. Laing !

FERNS AND THEIR ALLIES. 109

N. Oreopteris, iJesv.— B C D & I E & I F G K L & M.
13 Polypodium, L.— P. vulgare, L.—A B C D & I E & I F G H K L & M.

var. serratum, Wiltd. — F, Largs, West Kilbride ; J. Smith, (Bot. of

Ayrshire, 1896).

var. semilacerum, Link. — F, West Kilbride, D. A. Boyd !
P. phegopteris, L.— B D & I E & I F G H K L & M.
P. Dryopteris, L.— B C E & I F G H K L & M.

P. alpestre, Hoppe. — B, Ben Lomond, Flora of Perthshire, 1898 ; Ben
Voirlich, R. Mackay ; L & M, New Cumnock, A. Laing !

15 Osmunda, L.— 0. regalis, L. — BD & IE & IF. Rooted "out at most

stations, but still growing in all sections but last.

16 Ophioglossum, L.—O. vulgatum, L.— D & I E & I F G H.
17. Botrychium, ,S>.— B. lunaria, ,SV.— BCD & IE & I FGK.

ORDER II. EQUISETACEAE.

EcLuisetum, L. — E. arvense, L. — BCFG.

E. pratense, Ehr. — C, Campsie, Hen. 5th Ed. ; G, Clyde near Newton,
Hen. 5th Ed. ; Cambuslang to Uddingston, Ann. Anders. Nat.,
p. 15 ; H, Bonnington, Hen. 5th Ed.

E. maximum, Lamk.—E & I FGHK.

E. sylvaticum, L.— B F G H.

E. palustre, L. — B, Loch Lomond, Flora of Perthshire, 1898 ; G, Frank-
field Loch, Hen. 5th Ed. ; Fossil, Paisley Canal, Gait's Herb,
var. polystachyum, Auct. — F, Kilbirnie, Beith, Dairy, Kilwinning,
Stevenston, J. Smith, (Botan// of Ayrshire, 1896).

E. limosum, L. — F, Inverkip Glen, Dr. Calder ; G, Fossil, Hogganfield,
Hen. 5th Ed. ; Fossil, Paislev Canal, Gait's Herb.

E. hyemale, L.—F G H K L & M.

E. variegatum, Schleich. — E & I, Clyde Isles, Sow., Eng. Bot. ; Hook.
Stud. Flora ; G, Frankfield Loch, Hen. 5th Ed.

ORDER III. LYCOPODIACEAE.

1 Lycopodium, L. — L. clavatum, L. — B E & I F G H K L & M.

L. annotinum, L. — B, Ben Voirlich, R. Mackay ; Ben Lomond, J. R.

Lee ; E & I, Goatfell, Sow. Eng. Bot. ; F, Gryfe Farm, A. O. Leitch ;

"The Clyde,1' Hook., Stud. Flora.
L. alpinum, L.— BE & I FGL & M.
L. inundatum, L. — B, Inverarnan, Sow., Eng. Bot. ; F, Stevenston, D.

A. Boyd ; near Kilwinning, J. R. Lee.
L. selago, £.— BE & IFG.

ORDER IV. SELAGINELLACEAE.

1 Selaginella, Beauv.--&. selaginoides, Gray.— BE & IEGKL & M.

2 Isoetes, L. — I. lacustris, L. — B E & I G L & M.

I. Hystrix, Durieu. — B, Ben Voirlich, Prof. Babington (Sow., Eng.
Bot.).

ORDER V. MARSILEACEAE.
1 Pilularia, L.— P. globulifera, L.- -BFGK.

PHANEROGAMS.

THE neighbourhood of the City of Glasgow with its concomitants of steel, iron
and chemical works, coal mines, manufactories and miles of dwelling houses,
does not appear a very promising tract of country for the growth of plants,
yet as we become better acquainted with the open spaces even within the
smoke-begrimed area of the city proper we shall be surprised by the great
variety of flowering plants found within a radius of only a few miles of
Glasgow Royal Exchange. Fossil Marsh, for instance, now included within
the city boundary, is still the happy hunting ground of the city botanist,
and has beeu for long known as the haunt of many rare plants. Butomus
umbellatus, L., and Sagittaria sagittifolia, L., were supposed to be fully
established there twenty years ago, and though these and many others are
now plants of the past, there still remain many interesting and beautiful
forms in this and other such places within easy distance of the city.

For the purposes of this catalogue it was thought advisable to limit the
boundaries of research to the land draining into the River and Firth of
Clyde only, not as on the occasion of the former meeting of this Association,
in 1876, when the area involved was the entire West of Scotland, and
although the time at our disposal has been too limited to overtake systema-
tically the sections into which it was proposed to divide this tract of country,
a glance at the following lists will make it evident that a very fair knowledge
of its flora has been gained.

Nearly all the information contained in these pages was collected for the
Glasgow Catalogue of Native and Established Plants, in which list the names
of all those who assisted with the work appear. We nevertheless feel it to
be our duty again to thank those specialists who so kindly certified critical
species, and thereby made the records valuable. Nearly every plant of any
con sequence here given has been seen either by Mr. A. Bennett, F.L.S.,
Croydon, Rev. E. F. Linton, M.A., Rev. E. S. Marshall, M.A., F.L.S., who
have either named the plants themselves or obtained an opinion on them from
.some other well known expert.

We have not thought it advisable to compare in detail the present list
with that made in 1876. This one is much more extensive, although it does
>not embrace anything like the same amount of country, many of the plants
there given as rare, will be found common here, many there given as common
will be found rare here, and a good number do not appear here at all.

It may be mentioned that the names of towns or villages given are those
•of the nearest railway station to the point at which the plant was noted, and
that it was found within a few miles of that place.

Although there is in the area with which we have had to deal a very large
amount of sea margin, there are also, as has been already remarked, numerous
hi.lls overlooking it. Certainly few of these reach the alpine or even the

PHANEROGAMS. Ill

sub-alpine limit, the majority of them being under 1500 ft., but deep glens
and rocky summits lend them the requisites of an extensive and varied
flora.

Exposure : Natural protection is admittedly one of the most important
factors in plant life. Light, heat, and moisture plants must certainly have,
but these, without the proper shelter, both during summer and winter, to
the majority of our native plants, would avail but little. Had space per-
mitted, many notable examples might have been given in illustration of
this observation. For instance, in the case of ballast heap plants, we have
forms imported from colder climates than our own which yet are unable
to pass through our winter. Many Canadian plants do not pass through
the winter with us, yet the Rhododendron, which flowers with us while
SUOWT is on the ground, cannot pass through the Canadian winter. Similar
instances are to be found in our own native flora. Doubtless it is for some
.such reason that we find Erophila inflata, Hook, fil., Juncus castaneus, Sm.,
Woodsia hyperborea, R. Br., and alpine ferns generally on eastern, and most
luxuriant on north-eastern exposures, and Arabis petraea, Lam., Juncus
biglumis, L., principally on western, and most luxuriantly on south-western
exposures. These are one or two notable cases, but a very large list might
be made up from our own Scottish flora. What effect the mild winters of
recent years is having on our flora generally, it does not come within the
scope of our present purpose to enquire, however interesting and important
the subject may be.

Temperature : The present mean temperature at different points of
former agrarian levels, during the growing season shows the cause of failure
in attempting to grow cereals now, where in comparatively recent times very
good crops of corn were cultivated. In consequence of this failure, plants
associated with arable lands in these districts have suffered, and will
ultimately become extinct.

The classification followed is that of the London catalogue, 9th edition.

P. EWING, F.L.S.

EDITOR'S NOTE.

The capital letters showing records in the districts and the altitudes have
been added by the editor from the following well-known authorities, Light-
foot, Bryce, Balfour, Hooker, Hennedy, and Buchanan White. Great
injustice would also have been done to such well known workers as John
Smith, Flora Ayrshire, L. Watt, D. A. Boyd, T. Wise, Dr. Fullarton and

A. Somerville, by the absence of their records, and so far as possible their
work has been included also. The short time available has made this very
difficult, and their contributions are only distinguished by the commas
between the letters.

G. F. SCOTT ELLIOT.

Clematis Vitalba, L. — Uddingston, Innellan, Bowling. No doubt intro-
duced. F G.

Thalictrum alpinum, L. — Ben Lomond, Cobbler, Arran, BEL, over 1000 ft.
-2500 ft., Buchanan White.

T. minus, L. — Ayr, Falls of Clvde, Ben Laoigh, Arran, Campbeltown, B D E
H K L, J. Bryce.

T. majus, Crantz. — Ayr, Rutherglen, Dunoon, Arran, Tarbert, BEFGK.

T. flavum, L. — Paisley, Rutherglen, Bowling, Arran. Garden escape. E F
G, J. Bryce.

Anemone nemorosa, L. — Common. B, F G J K L, D or I, Somerville.

Ranunculus fluitans, Lam. — Crossford, G, Hennedy. F.

B. pseudo-fluitans, u Bab. " Hiern. — Lanark, Dumbarton, F G, B, Balloch,

Watt.

112 PHANEROGAMS.

R. trichophyllus, Chaix. — Ayr, Lanark, Dumbarton, Arran, B E F K, G.

var. deniersus, Hiern. — G, Burn, Loch Fin, 800 ft., Watt.
R. Drouetii, Godr. — East Kilbride, Milngavie, Dumbarton, F G.
R. Godronii, Gren. — Milngavie, G.
R. peltatus, Schrank. — Neilston, Uddingston, Gartmore, Bowling, Arran,

B E F, G, Kennedy,

R. floribundus, Bab. — Kilwinning, Dumbarton, FG, 800 ft., Watt.
R. Baudotii, Godr. — Ardrossan, Cambuslang, Arran, EFG.
R. confusus, Godr. — Dumbarton, F.

R. Lenormandi, F. Schultz. — FG, Cumbrae, Fossil (Hennedy), J.
R. hederaceus, L.— Common, G (Hooker), E FK to 700 ft., D or I.
R. sceleratus, L. — Common, F G K, E.
R. Flammula, L.— Common, FGJKL, B, D or I, to 900 ft.

(var. pseudo reptans. F, Somerville, Editor.}
R. Lingua, L. — Fossil, Milngavie, Renfrew, Stevenston, Maybole, FGK, E

(Hooker), L, Smith.
R. auricomus, L. — Milngavie, Falls of Clyde, Renfrew, Maybole, F G H K.

J Fullarton.

R. acris, L.— E, FGJKL, B to 1800 ft., D or I.
R. repens, L.— FGJKL, B to 1100 ft, D or I.
R. bulbosus, L. — FK JL, G, Glasgow Green, Hennedy, D or I.
R. Sardous, Crantz. — Campsie, Lauark, Renfrew, Ayr, FGHK.
R. arvensis, L. — G (Hooker).
R. Ficaria, L.— F G K L, to 400 ft. Watt, J, D or I.
Caltha palustris, L.— F G J K L, B, D or I.

C. minor, Si/me. — Ben Lomond, B and G ? Watt, to 800 ft., D or I.
Trollius europaeus, L. — G H (Hooker), F L, B to 600 ft., Loch Humphry,

Watt, E.
Helleborus viridis, L. — Bothwell, Barrhead, Newmilns. Garden outcast.

FG.

H. foetidus, L.— Bothwell. Garden outcast. G (Hooker), F & K 1 Smith.
Aquilegia vulgaris, L. — Common. Garden escape. GH (Hooker), F JKL.
Aconitum Napellus, L. — Common. Garden escape. FGK, B, Balmaha,

Gait.

Berberis vulgaris, L. — Common. Introduced. G H, F K.
Nymphaea lutea, L. — Common, G, F K L, B, J, Fullarton.
N. intermedia, Ledeb. — Dumbarton, F, G, Lily Loch, 800 ft., Watt.
N. pumila, Hoffm. — Carstairs, Dunoon, FH, G, Mugdock, etc., Hennedy.
Castalia speciosa, Salisb. — Common, G (Hooker), F K L, B E, Hennedy, J.
C. minor, DC. — Carstairs, Carradale, H, F, G D or E.
Chelidonium majus, L. — Campsie, Falls of Clyde, Bowling, Arran. Garden

escape. E F G H, K.

C. laciniatum, Stokes. — Campsie. Garden escape. G.
Papaver Rhoeas, L. — Common, F JK, G, Hennedy.
P. dubium, L. — Common, F G J K L.
P. Argemone, L. — Common, F K, G.
Meconopsis cambrica, Vig. — From different stations, but not native in any

of them. FG.
Grlaucium flavum, Crantz. — Millport, Ballantrae where it may be a native.

FJ,E (Hooker), K.

Neckeria lutea, Scop. — Lanark, Campsie, Bowling. Garden escape. FGH,
N. claviculata, N.E.Br.— G,B,EF, Hennedy, J.
Fumaria Boraei, Jord. — F, Watt.
F. confusa, Jord. — Arran, Campbeltown, D E, F.
F. densiflora, DC. — Dumbarton, F.
F. pallidiflora, Jord. — Dumbarton, F, Watt.
F. omcinalis, L. — Common, FGK.

PHANEROGAMS. 113

Cheiranthus Cheiri, L. — No doubt introduced in the districts recorded.

FGK.

Nasturtium officinale, R.Br. — Common, FG JKL, D or I.
N. sylvestre, K.Br.—G, Watt.
N. palustre, DC. — Common, G (Hooker) F K, B.
N. amphibium, R.Br.— Stonehouse, Beith, FG.
Barbarea vulgaris, R.Br.— Common, G, F J K, Smith.

B. stricta, Andrz. — Falls of Clyde, Dumbarton, FH.

Arabis hirsuta, Scop.— Common, H (Hooker), E FG, B to 1600 ft., Watt, J.
Cardamine amara, L. — Common, G (Hooker), F, Kennedy, J.

C. pratensis, L. — Common, FGKL, B to 900 ft., J, D or I.
C. hirsuta, L.— Common, F G J K L to 800 ft., D or I.

C. flexuosa, With.—B G, D or I.

C. impatiens, L. — Falls of Clyde, H (Hooke*), K.

Draba muralis, L. — Elvaufoot, Dunoon, Arran, F E, M, Johnstone, G (Bal-
four, Ex).

D. incana, L. — Ben Lomond, B, Balfour.
Erophila vulgaris, DC.— Common, F G.

Cochlearia officinalis, L. — Common, FJK, Smith; E, Auld ; B, Balfour;

D or I.

C. alpina, H. C. Wats. — Ben Lomond, B, Balfour, F.
C. danica, L. — Ayr Harbour, Bowling, Arran, E FK (Hooker).

C. anglica, L. — Dumbarton, F.

Hesperis matronalis, L. — Common garden escape. G (Hooker), FH, Smith.

Sisymbrium Thalianum, J. Gay. — Common, F G, J.

S. officinale, Scop.— C mmon, FG J K, D or 1.

S. Sophia, L. — Falls of Clyde, Dumbarton. Introduced. FHE.

S. Alliaria, Scop. — Common, FG.

Erysimum cheiranthoides, L. — Ayr, Eenfrew, Dumbarton. Introduced.

F K, G.
Camelina sativa, Crantz. — Giffnock, Uddingston, Dumbarton. Introduced.

FG.

Subularia aquatica, L. — Loch Lomond,* Loch Doon, B* L (*Hooker).
Brassica monensis, Huds. — Irvine, Girvau, Arrau, Carradale, BE*F*K>

(*Hookei), J, Ailsa Craig, Smith.
B. Sinapistrum, Boiss. — Common, FG J KL, D or I.

B. alba, Boiss. — Common, E, Balfour, G.

Diplotaxis tenuifolia, DC. — Ayr Harbour, Dumbarton, FK, G.

D. muralis, DC.— F, Boyd.

Bursa Bursa pastoris, Weber.— F G J K L, Smith, to 600 ft., D or I.
Coronopus didymus, Sm. — Ayr Harbour, Renfrew. Introduced in these
cases. F K.

C. Ruellii, All. — Tmon, Arran. No doubt introduced. EF, J.
Lepidium sativum, L. — Paisley, Dunoon, Dumbarton. Introduced. FG,

.JK.

L. campestre, R.Br. — Uddingston, Milngavie, Tarbert, BG* (*Hooker), E.

L. hirtum, Sm. — Common, G"(Hooker), E F, Kennedy.

Thlaspi arvense, L. — Troon, Giffnock, Lanark, Milngavie, Millpoit. Intro-
duced. FGH,J.

Iberis amara, L. — Irvine, Crossmyloof, Uddingston, Dumbarton. Intro-
duced. F, G (Lightfoot).

Teesdalia nudicaulis, R.Br.— Tollcross, Dumbarton, Stevenston, Monkton,
F, G (Hooker), K.

Crambe maritima, L. — Arran, E, F.

Cakile maritima, Scop. — Toward Point, Stevenston, Ballnntrae, Arran, Car-
radale, B E F J, K.

Raphanus Raphanistrum, L.— Common, E (Don), FG J KL, Smith, D or I.

H

1 1 4 PHANEROGAMS.

R. maritimus, 8m. — Renfrew, Arran, Dumbarton, Innellan, Tarbert,

BEFJK.

Reseda alba, L. — Kilwinning, Bowling. Introduced. FB.
E. lutea, L. — Paisley. Introduced. G.
R. Luteola, L. — Uddingston, Dumbarton, Kilwinning. Introduced. F, G

(Hooker), K L, Smith, B, J.
Helianthemum Chamaecistus, Mill. — Carstairs, Arran, Girvan, EHK, G

(Hooker), J K.

Viola palustris, Z.— Common, BEFGJKLto 27<>0 ft., D or I.
V. odorata, L. — Largs, Both well, Dumbarton. Garden escape. FG.
V. Riviniana, Reich.— G (Hooker), F J K LM to 900 ft., D or I.
V. ericetorum, S<:hrader. — Common.
V. tricolor, L.— FG J K L, E to 1000 ft., D or I.
V. arvensis, Murr. — F G J K L, E, D or I.

V. Curtisii, Forster. — Prestwick, Innellan, Arran, Tarbert, B E F.
V. lutea, Hudx. — G, Hooker ; F K L, Smith.
V. amoena, Symons. — E F, Kennedy.

Polygala vulgaris, L. — F G K L M, E, B. (var. depressa, E G, J, Editor.)
P. serpyllacea, Weihe. — B F G, D or I.
Silene Cucubalus, Wibel.—F K L, G, J, H.

S. maritima, With. — J, Ailsa Craig (Lightfoot) ; EFK, Smith, D or I.
S. acaulis, L. — Ben Lomond, Ben Laoigh, B (Lightfoot) to 3100 ft.
Lychnis alba, Mill.—F K, G, C, E, J.

L. dioica, L. — J (Lightfoot, Ailsa Craig), E F G K L, B, D or I.
L. Flos cuculi, L.— F G J K L, D or I.
L. Githago, Scop. — F, Greenock, Scott ; G, Watt, E.
Cerastium tetrandrum, Curtis. — F K, E G H, J, D or I.
C. semidecandrum L. — F K L, G.
C. glomeratum, Thuill.—Y G J K L, D or I.
C. apetalum, Dum.— Innellan, F.
C. triviale, Link.— FG J K L. B to 1000 ft., D or I.
C. alpinum, L.— Ben Lomond,* B (*Li-htfoot) to 20'K) ft.
C. arvense, L. — Gourock, Crossf ord. Not reported for some years. F G, H.
(Saponaria officinalis, L. — K, Ayr, Nat. Hist. Soc., & Editor.)
Stellaria nemorum, L. — Largs, Bothwell, Campsie, Dumbarton, F G

(Hooker), H,B,J.

S. media, Cijr.— E F G J K L, B, D or I.
S. Holostea, L.— F G J K L, B to 900 ft., D or I.
S. palustris, Retz. — G, F.
S. graminea, L. — F G J K L, D or I.
S. uliginosa, Murr. — F G J K L, B, D or I.
Arenaria trinervia, L. — G, F J K L, B.
A. serpyllifolia, L.— F J K, E G, D or I.

A. peploides, L. — Common on the shores F J K, E, D or I.

Sagina maritima, Don. — Gourock, Innellan, Bowling, Arran, Carradale,

Largs, Ballantrae, BEF J, G K, Smith, etc.
S. apetala, L. — Dumbarton, F, E, Arran, Balfour, G.
S. procumbens, L. — F G J K L, B.
S. Linnaei, Presl. — Ben Lomond, B.

S. subulata, Presl.— G, Muudock, Hooker ; B, Balfour, F J K, E.
S. nodosa, Fenzl.—F G, E K L to 400 ft.
Spergula arvensis, L.—F G J K L, B to 400 ft., D or I.
S. sativa, Boenn. — Arran, E.
Buda rubra, Dum. — EF J, Ailsa Craig, Smith ; F, Kennedy.

B. marina, Dum. — F, E.

var. media, Fr. — Stevenston, Gourock, F.

var. neglecta, Kindb. — Largs, Innellan, F, J, Ballantrae, Smith, G.

PHANEROGAMS. 115

"B. media, Dum. — Gourock, Innellan, Dumbarton, Arran, Largs, E F.

B. rupestris, LoncL Cat. — Ballantrae, Carradale, J I.

Claytonia sibirica, L. — Gourock, Arran. Introduced, but well established.

EFG,H.

Montia repens, Pers., or M. erecta, Per*. — FG J K L, E, B to 700 ft., D or I.
Hypericum Androsaemum, L. — Common. No doubt introduced in all cases.

A E, Lightfoot, B F J K, D or I.

H. calycinum, L. — Dumbarton, Whiting Bav. No doubt introduced. E F.
H. perforatum, L.— F G J K L, E, D or I.
H. dubium, Leers.— GH (Hooker), FJ,E.
H. quadra turn, Stokes. — E F G J K L, D or I.
H. humifusum, L.— G, B E F, J K, D or I, H.
H. pulchrum, L.— E G, F J K L, B to 1000 ft., D or I.
H. hirsutum, L. — Falls of Clyde, Clydebank, Inverkip, Mauchline, Arran,

EFGHK.

H. elodes, Huds. — Loch Doon, Arran, Dumbarton, Dunoon,Tarbert, BEFLJK.
(Lavatera arborea, L. — J, Ailsa Craig and outcast, E F, Editor.}
Althaea officinalis, L. — Arran, Tarbert. Due to cultivation. B E, G,

Hooker.
Malva moschata, L. — Crossford, Innellan, Kilwinning, Arran, Garden

escape, E F G K J.
M. sylvestris. L.— FGJK,E,H.
M. rotundifolia, L. — No doubt introduced. F J K, G.
Tilia vulgaris, Hai/ne. — Introduced. A, Inveraray, Lightfoot; FGJKL,

D or I.

Eadiola linoides, Roth. — EFG, Hooker ; K, Smith, D or I.
Linum catharticum, L. — F G J K L, B to 1000 ft., D or I.
L. usitatissimum, L. — Not persistent. E, Balfour ; G, Kennedy.
Geranium sanguineum, L. — Falls of Clyde, West Kilbride, Colmonell, Arran,

EFHKJ.
G. phaeum, L. — Bothwell, Barrhead, Kilwinning. Introduced. F,G, Hooker ;

E, Balfour.

G. sylvaticum, L.— F G K L M, B to 600 ft.
G. pratense, L.— B E F G J K L, D or I.
G. molle, L.— F G J K L, D or I.
G. pusillum, />.— G, Hooker ; F JK,E.
G. dissectum, L. — F G, E, D or I.
G. Columbinum, L. — F J, Ballantrae, Smith ; Glasgow to Dumbarton,

Lightfoot.

G. lucidum, L.— F G H, Hooker ; E to 400 ft.
G. Eobertianum, L.— F G J K L, B, D or I.
Erodium cicutarium, L'Herit. — F J K, E G.
Oxalis Acetosella, L.— FG J K L, B to 2500 ft., D or I.
Impatiens Noli-tangere, L.— Castlemilk, Gourock. Introduced. F, G.
Ilex Aquifolium, L. — Introduced. H, F G K L, B.
{Euonymus europaeus, L.— G, Londoun, Smith (planted), Editor.}
Acer Pseudo-platanus, L. — Commonly planted. F G J K L to 500 ft., D or I.
A. campestre, L.- -Commonly planted. F K, G.
Genista anglica, L. — Falls of Clyde, Campsie (Hooker), G H.
Ulex europaeus, L.— F G J K L/B to 900 ft., D or I.
TJ. Gallii, Planck. — Kilmaurs, F E ; Bute, Kennedy.
TJ. nanus, Forster. — Innellan, F.

Cytisus scoparius, Link. — Common, FG J K L, B to 500 ft.
Ononis repens, L. — Common, E F K, G, J.
Medicago sativa, L. — Uddingston, Paisley, G.
M. sylvestris, Fr. — Heads of Ayr. Introduced. K.
M. falcata, L. Ayr, Ballast heaps, K, F, Smith.

lit) PHANEROGAMS.

M. lupulina, L. — Common. F, K, Smith.

M. denticulata, \Yilld.— -Ayr, Crossmyloof. On waste heaps. GK.

M. indica, All. — Crossmyloof. On waste heaps. G.

Melilotus officinalis, Lam. — Ayr Harbour, Gilfnock, Bowling, F G K.

Introduced.

M. alba, Desr. — Paisley, Ayr Harbour. Introduced. K, G.
M. aryensis, Wallr. — F.

Trifolium pratense, L. — Common. F G J K L, B to 600 ft., D or I.
T. medium, A.— F G J K L to 600 ft.
T. arvense, /,.— FJ K,EG.

T. striatum, L. — Ayr Harbour. Introduced. K, FG.
T. hybridum, L. — Commonly sown in hay fields. F G J K L, D or I.
T. repens, L.— FG J K L, B, D or I.
T. agrarium, L.— F G J K L, E.
T. dubium, Xibth.— J, Ballantrae, D or I, F K L.
Anthyllis Vulneraria, L.— F G J K L, E, D or I.
Lotus corniculatus, L. — B G, F K L, E, J, D or I.
L. uliginosus, Schkuhr. — F, B to 500 ft., D or I.
Astragalus danicus, Retz. — Maybole, K.

Ornithopus perpusillus, L. — Tollcross, Dumbarton, Hooker, Maybole, FGK.
Vicia hirsuta, Gray. — F J K, E G.
V. gemella, L'rantz.— Both well, Gourock, Largs, FG.
V. Cracca, L.— F G J K L, B to 400 ft., E, D or I.
V. Orobus, DC.— Falls of Clyde. Introduced. H.
V. sylvatica, L.—G H, Hooker ; F E K L M J.
V. sepium, L.— FG J K, B to 2500 ft., E, D or I.
V. sativa, L.— FGJK.
V. angustifolia, A-FJK,EG.

V. lathyroides, L. — West Kilbride, Girvan, Dumbarton, Arran, EFK, J.
Lathyrus Aphaca, L. — Kilwinning, Giffnock. Introduced. F G.
L. pratensis, L.— FG J KL to 400 ft., D or I.
L. sylvestris, L. — Ayr, Lanark, Arran, E HK.
L. montanus, Bernh.—F G, B to 900 ft., E.
Prunus spinosa, L. — F G J K L, D or I.
P. insititia, Huds. — H, Lanark, Hooker ; G K, Smith, F, J.
P. Avium, L.—G F J K, D or I.
P. Cerasus, L. — G, Glasgow, Hooker.
P. Padus, L.— G, F K L, E H, B to 400 ft.
Spiraea salicifolia, L. — H, Ho ker, FGKL, J.
S. ulmaria, L.— F G J K I;, B to 700 ft., D or I.
Rubus idaeus, L.— E, Lightfoot ; F G J K L, B to 900 ft., D or I.
R. fissus, Lindl. — Lanark, Innellan, Dumbarton, F H.
R. suberectus, Anders. — Stevenston, Innellan, Dumbarton, Tarbert, B Fr

AG, Hooker, E, K.
R. sulcatus, Vest. — Tarbert, B.

R affinis, W. and N. — Dumbarton, Innellan, F, EG, Kennedy, B.
R. carpinifolius, W. and N. — Innellan, EFG.

R. Lindleianus, Lees. — Dumbarton, Tarbert, BF, A Eogers, E G, Kennedy.
R. rhamnifolius, W. and N. - - Dumbarton, Innellan, Tarbert, B F, Ev

Kennedy.

R. pulcherrimus, Neum. — Dumbarton, Arran, Tarbert, BEF, A, Salmon.
R. Scheutzii, Lindeb. — Dumbarton, F.
R. dumnoniensis, Bab.— Tarbert, B, A, Kogers.
R. villicaulis, Koehl. — Dumbarton, Arran, Carradale, E F, B.
R. Selmeri, Lindeb. — Dumbart n, Tarbert, B F, A, Salmon.
R. hirtifolius, Mu.ell. and Wirtg. — Lanark, H.
R. mucronatus, Blo.v. — Dumbarton, F, A, Rogers.

PHANEROGAMS. 117

R. radula, Weihe. — Stevenston, Dumbarton, F, E G, Kennedy.

R. anglicanus, Rogers. — Dumbarton, AF.

R. corylifolius, Sm.— E, Balfour ; G, Watt, F K.

R caesius, L. — G, Watt.

R. saxatilis, L.— FH, Hooker ; BGK LM, E to 1000 ft.

R. Chamaemoms, L.— Wilsoritown Dunoon, Ben Lomond, Glenfalloch, BF,

GH, Hooker ; M 1900-^000 ft.
Geum urbanum, L— F G J K L, B, E, D or I.
G. rivale, L.—FG.J K L, B to 500 ft., E.
G. intermedium, Ehrh. — F, G, E.
Fragaria vesca, L. — FG J K L, D or I.
F. elatior. Ehrh. — Common garden escape, FG.
Potentilla Fragariastrum, Ehrh. — Common, F G J K L.
(P. norvegica, L. — G, Clydebank, Watt, Editor.}
P. sylvestris, Neck.—Y G J K L, B, D or I.
P. procumbens, Sibth.—G E F J K L.
P. reptans, L.— G, Hooker ; F K L.

(P. rubens, Vill. — B, Ben Lomond, Buchanan White, Editor.'}
P. Anserina, L.— F G J K L, B D or I.
P. palustris, Scop.—Y G J K L, E, B D or I.

P. Sibbaldi, Hall, fil— B, Ben Lomond, Lightfoot, 2700 ft. or 3000 ft.
Alchemilla arvensis, S<'op:—F G J K L, E D or I.
A. vulgaris, L.— G F, E, B, J.
A. pratensis, Schmidt. — F.
A. alpestris, Schmidt. — BE, F to 600 ft.
A. filicaulis, Buser. — Common.

A. alpina, L.— Ben Lomond, Arran, Carradale, B E to 2700 ft.
Agrimonia Eupatoria, L.— E F G J K L.
A. odorata, Mill— Falls of Clyde, Arran, Tarbert, BEH.
(Poterium sanguisorba, L. — G, Daldowie, Hooker, Editor.)
Rosa spinosissima, L. — F J K, E.
R. involuta, 8m. — Ayr, K ; E, Arran, Hooker.
R. Sabina, Woods. — Arran, E G.
R. mollis, Sm.—F G J K L.
R. coerulea. Wood*. — Lanark, H.
R. tomentosa, Sm. — F, Murrick, Watt ; J.G.
R. subglpbosa, Sm. — F, Murrick, Watt.
R. scabriuscula, Sm. — Barrhead, G.
R. rubiginosa, L. — F G, Kennedy .
R. obtusifblia, Desv. — Arran, E.
R. canina, L.— F G J K L, D or I.
R. lutetiana, Lemnn. — G, Lanark.
R. dumetorum, Thuill. — Arran, E.
R arvatica, Baker.— Barrhead, G.
R. glauca, Vill. — Lanark, Ayr, H K.
R. subcristata, Loud. Cat.—E, Baker, F.
R. coriifolia, Fr. — Innellan, F.

R. Watsoni, Bnker. — Barrhead, Dumbarton, FG, E.

(R. arvensis, Huds. — F G, Bogleshole, Hooker ; F, Kennedy, KL, Editor.)
Pyrus Aria, Ehrh. — Planted. FGK, E, Kennedy.
P. Aucuparia, Ehrh.—F(i3 K L, E, B to 900 ft., D or I.
P. Malus, L.— Not native in the Clyde Area. B F G J K L to 400 ft.
Crataegus Oxyacantha, L.— FG J K L, B to 500 ft., D or I.
Saxifraga oppositifolia. L.— Falls of Cl>de, Ben Lomond, BH, Lightfoot,

Hooker ; E to 2500 ft.

S. nivalis, L.— Ben Lomond. B, Hooker, to 3000 ft., L. W.
S. stellaris, L.— B E F G L M to 3000 ft.

118 PHANEROGAMS.

•

S. aizoides, L.~ B F K L, E to 1800 ft.

S. granulata, L.— Carmyle, Barrhead, Largs, Ballantrae, F G J, H Light-
foot, K.

S. hypnoides, L.— B F K L, E G to 2500 ft.
Chrysosplenium oppositifplium, L.— F G J K L, B to 2700 ft., D or I.

C. alternifolium, L. — F, Liglitfoot ; G, Hooker, J.
Parnassia palustris, //.— E F J K L M, G, B to 2000 ft., D or T.
(Ribes Grossularia, L. — FGJ KL, Editor.}

Cotyledon Umbilicus, L, — Gourock, Oolmonell, Arran, Carrarlale, B D or I

EF,AJ, Ailsa Craig, K.

Sedum roseum, Scop. — B F, Lightfoot, E to 25< >0 ft., L, K, J.
S. Telephium, L. — A garden escape. F G, K L, D or I.
S. villosum, L.— G, Hooker, F K L M, E to 700 ft.
S. anglicum, Huds. — F, Dumbarton, Hooker, B E J K, G, D or I.
S. acre, L.- E, Arran, Lightfoot ; FG J KD or I.
S. reflexum, L. — Lanark. Garden escape. H, Craignethan, Hooker ; F,.

Dairy, Smith.
Sempervivum tectorum, L. --Darvel, Lanark. Introduced. H, F, 'G,

Kennedy.
Drosera rotundifolia, L.— E F J K L M, G, B to 800 ft., D or I.

D. anglica, Huds. — E, Arran, Hooker, B F G to 600 ft.

(D. intermedia, ffayne. — B, Loch Lomond, Hemfedy ; G, K, Smith, Editor.}
Hippuris vulgaris, L. — F, Hooker ; K, Straiton Smith, G to 800 ft.
Myriophyllum spicatum, Z, — E F K L, G D or I.
M. alterniflorum, DC. — Dumbarton, Dunoon, Arran, Carradale, BEFG to-

900 ft.

Callitriche verna, L. — F G J K L.
C. stagnalis, Scop. — B, D or I.
C. hamulata, Keutz.—F G, B to 2000 ft.

Peplis Portula, L.— G, Hooker, B E F K L to 400 ft., D or I, J.
Lythrum Salicaria, L.—B E F J K L, G, D or I.
Epilobium angustifolium, Z.— G F J K L M, E.

E. hirsutum, L.— E FGK to 400 ft.

E. parviflorum, Schreb.—F G J K L to 400 ft.

E. montanum, L.— FG J K L, B, to 400 ft., D or I.

E. adnatum, Grisebach. — FGKL.

E. obscurum, Schreb. — Dumbarton, Arran, Imiellan, Tarbert, B E FG, D or I.

E. palustre, L.— F G J K L, B to 400 ft., D or I.

(E. anagallidifolium, Lam. — B, Ben Lomond, Buchanan White, Editor.'}

Circaea lutetiana, L. — F G J K L.

C. intermedia, Loud. Cat. — Lanark, Arran, Cantyre, B.

C. alpina, L. — Dumbarton, Arran, E, BFG.

Hydrocotyle vulgaris, L.— F J K L, G to 400 ft., E, D or I.

Eryngium maritimum, L. — Inverkip, West Kilbride, Arran, EF J K.

Astrantia major, L. — Common near gardens, FG.

Sanicula europaea, L. — F G J K L, E, D or I.

Conium maculatum, L. — F G, Hooker, J K, E, D or I.

Smyrnium Olusatrum, L. — Renfrew, Maybole, Dumbarton, Arran, EFK J..

Apium graveolens, L. — Ayr, Carradale, E, Arran, Bnlfour.

A. nodiflorum, Reichb.Jll. — D or I, E, Arran, Balfour, F JG.

A. inundatum, R&ichb.fl. — E F G K L, J.

Cicuta virosa, L. — G, Hooker, F.

Carum verticillatum, Koch. — B E F, Lightfoot and Hooker, K L to 600 ft.

Sium erectum, Huds. — Renfrew, West Kilbride, Campbeltown, F I.

Aegopodium Podagraria L. — F G J K L.

Pimpinella Saxifraga, L. — F G J K L, E.

Conopodium denudatum, Koch. — FGJ K L, B, E, D or I.

PHANEROGAMS. 119

Myrrhis odorata, Scop.— FG J K L, E to 400 ft.

Chaerophyllum temulum, L. — FG K.

Scandix Pecten-Veneris, L. — F, Irvine Smith, G, Kennedy, E.

Anthriscus vulgaris, Bernh. — F J K, G.

A. sylvestris, Ho/m.— FG JKL, D or I.

Crithmum maritimum, L. — Ayr Harbour, K, Hooker.

Oenanthe fistulosa, L. — Gotirock, F, H-.oker, G.

Oe. Lachenalii, C. Gmel. — Gourock, Ballantrae, Innellan, Bowling, Arran,

Can tyre, EFJG, D or I.
Oe. crocata, L.— E FG JK to 400 ft, D or I.
Aethusa Cynapium, L.— F G J K, E.

Meum athamanticum, Jacq. — B F G M, Hooker, Lightf oot, L.
Ligusticum. scoticum, //. — Largs, Ballantrae, Arran, Carradale, EF JK.
Angelica sylvestris, L.— FG JKL, B to 1100 ft. D or I.
Heracleum Sphondylium, L. — F G J K L, B, D or I.
(Peucedanum Ostruthium, Koch. — EFGK, Editor.}
Daucus Carota, L.—FGJ K L, E, D or I.
Caucalis Anthriscus, Huds. — E F G J K L, D or I.
C. nodosa, Scop. — Renfrew, G.
Hedera Helix, L.- F G J K L, B to 700 ft., D or I.
(Cornus suecica, L. — B, Loch Long, Balfour Ex., Editor.)
Adoxa Moschatellina, L. — G, Hooker, F K to 300 ft.
Sambucus nigra, L.— F G J K to 400 ft. D or I.
S. Ebulus, L.— G, Hooker, F K.
Viburnum Opulus, L.—F G K L.

Lonicera Periclymenum, L. — G, Hooker, F J KL, B to 1200 ft, D or I.
Galium boreale, L.— E F G H K L M, B to 700 ft. J.
G. Cruciata, Scop.— F G to 600 ft.

G. verum, L.— E, Lightfoot, FG J K L to 1000 ft., D or I.
G. Mollugo, L.— G H F.

G. saxatile, L.— G, F J KL, B to 2600 ft., D or T.
(G. palustre, L. — B, Loraond, Buchanan White, D or I, Editor.)
G. Withering!!, Sm.—~FG J K L.
G. uliginosum, L. — G, F L, E.
G. Aparine, A -FG JKL, B, D or I.
Asperula odorata, L.— FG J K L to 600 ft., E.
Sherardia arvensis, L.—G F J K L.
Valeriana Mikanii, Syme.—F G J K L M, E.
V. sambucifolia, Wiltd.— E F G, B, D or I.
V. pyrenaica, L. — Introduced. Daldowie, G, Hooker, F.
Valerianella olitoria, Poll.—FK, EG.

Dipsacus sylvestris, Huds. — Introduction. F, Scott, G, Kennedy.
Scabiosa succisa, L.— FG JKL, E, B to 1300 ft., D or I.
S. arvensis, L.— G, Hooker, F, K, E G.

Eupatorium cannabinum, L. — G, Carmyle, Hooker, E FK J.
Solidago Virgaurea, L.— F G J K L M, E, B to 1500 ft., D or I.
S. cambrica, Huds. — Ben Lomond, B to 2500 ft.
Bellis perennis, L.— F G J K L, B to 600 ft., D or I.
Aster Tripolium, L.— BFK,E.
Filago germanica, L. — Uddingston, Stevenston, Arran, EG, F J.

F. minima, Fr. — Tollcross, Innellan, Stevenston, Arran, EFG, K.
Antennaria dioica, fi.Br.--G, F K L M, E, B to 2400 ft.
Gnaphalium uliginosum, L.— F G J K L, E to 400 ft, D or I.

G. sylvaticum, L.— G, Fossil, Hooker, F K L, E, B to 600 ft., D or I.

G. supinum, L. — B, 2800 ft, Ben Lomond, L, Watt, and F, InneJlan, Ewing.
Inula Helenium, L. — Uddingston, Arran, Tarbert, Garden outcast,
BEG, K.

120 PHANEROGAMS.

Biclens cernua, L. — Lanark, Renfrew, Dumbarton, Arran, Can tyre, E, FG.

B. tripartita, L. — Milngavie, St. Quivox, Arran, Can tyre, EGK, F.
Achillea Millefolium, L.—F G J K L, B, D or I.

A. Ptarmica, L.— F G J K L, B, D or I.

Anthemis Cotula, L. — Lanark, Renfrew, Dumbarton, G, Kennedy.

A. arvensis, L. — Ayr. Introduced. FK, G.

A. nobilis, L. — Kilwinning, Arran. Introduced. EFJ.

Chrysanthemum segetum, L. — FG J K L, B to 400 ft., D or I.

C. Leucanthemum, L.—F G K L to 300 ft., D or I.

C. Parthenium, Pers. — Garden escape. F, Inverkip, Fergusson ; E G,
Kennedy.

Matricaria inodora, L. — F G J K L.

M. salina, Bab. — Carradale, F, D or I.

M. maritima, L. — E, Bute, Lightfoot, F, Watt.

Tanacetum vulgare, L. — Introduced. G, Hooker, F J K, E, D or I.

Artemisia vulgaris, L. — F G J K, E, D or I.

Tussilago Farfara, L.— FG J K L, B to 600 ft., D or I.

Petasites officinalis, Moench. — F G J K L, D or I.

Doronicum Pardalianches, L. — Bothwell, Largs, Maybole, Garden escape,
FGK.

Senecio vulgaris, L.— F G J K L, B to 400 ft., D or I.

S. sylvaticus, L. — G, Tollcross, Hooker, F K, E, D or I.

S. viscosus, L. — Uddingston, Barrhead, Campsie, Bowling, Dairy, FG,
Hooker, B.

S. Jacobaea, L.— F G J K L to 600 ft., D or I.

S. aquaticus, Huds. — F G J K L, E, B, D or I.

S. saracenicus, L. — -Bothwell, Renfrew, Kilwinning, Innellan, F G.

Carlina vulgaris, L. — Biggar, Arran, Ballautrae, E J H.

Arctium majus, Bernh. — F G J.

A. minus, Bernh.— F G J K L, E, D or I.

A. intermedium, Lange. — Dumbarton, Arran, E, Baker, G.

Carduus pycnocephalus, L. — G F, J.

C. nutans, L. — Lanark, H.

C. crispus, />. — F K, J.

Cnicus lanceolatus, WMd.—FGJ K L, B to 700 ft., D or I.

C. palustris, Wtild.—F G J K L, B, D or I.

C. heterophyllus, WilM.—G F K L M, E, B to 2000 ft.

C. arvensis, Ho/m.—F G J K L, D or I.

(Saussurea alpina, DC. — B, Ben Arthur, Hooker; Ben Buidhe, J. Paterson,
to 2500 ft.,. Editor.)

Centaurea nigra, L.—FG3 K L, B to 1000 ft., D or I.

C. Scabiosa, L. — G, Hopkirk.

C. Cyanus, L. — Introduced. F K, G.

Cichorium Intybus, L. — Uddingston, Kilwinning, Bowling, Cantyre. Intro-
duced. FG,E.

Lapsana communis, L. — F G J K L to 700 ft.

Crepis virens, L.— FG J KL to 600 ft., D or I.

C. paludosa, Moench.— FG J KL, E, B to 900 ft., D or I.

Hieracium Pilosella, L.— FG J KL, D or I.

H. aurantiacum, L. — Bothwell, Innellan, Bowling. Garden escape. FG.

(H. holosericeum, Backh.—B to 2500 ft., Buchanan White, Editor.)

H. lingulatum, Backh. — Campsie, Dumbarton, G B to 1900 ft.

H. senescens, Backh. — Dumbarton, B to 2000 ft.

(H. sinuans, F. .7. Hani. — Glen Falloch, Buchanan White, Editor.)

H. anglicum, Fr. — Campsie, Dumbarton, B to 2000 ft.

(var. cerinthiforme. Ben Laoigh, Buchanan White, Editor.)

H. cerinthiforme, Backh., in litt.— B to 1800ft.

PHANEROGAMS. 121

H. Schmidtii, Tausch. — Iimellan, Arran, E F.

H. rubicundum, F. J. H. — B.

(H. iricum, />.— -B, Ben Laoigh, Buchanan White, Editor.}

H. buglossoides, Arv. Touv.—G.

H stenolepis, Lmdeb.—B, Ben Voirlich, 2000 ft., Watt.

H. rivale, F. J. Hanb. — Arran, EB, Ben Laoigh, White.

H. murorum, L. pt.- — Bothwell, Innellan, Bowling, Arran, Carradale, E G F

to 1100ft., J. L.

H. micracladium, Dahlst. — M, Johnstone.
H. caesium, Fr. — Falls of Clyde, H E, Baker, F.
H. Orarium, Lindeb.— B to 2000 ft.
H. duriceps, F. J. Hanb. — B.
H. vulgatum, Fr.—B to 1 loo ft. & G, D or I.
(H. caesiomurorum, Lindeb. — B, Buchanan White.
H. praelongum, Lindeb. — G, Carnpsie, Buchanan White.
H. reticulatum, Lindeb. — G, Campsie, Buchanan White.
H. Dewari, Bosw. — B. Inverarnan, Buchanan White. [Editor.}

H. subanfractum, Marsh. — B, Buchanan White. All these in Perth Flora,
H. ravusculum, Dahlst. — Arran, E, Somerville.
H. maculatum, Sm.? or Auct. Angl. ? — FG, Kennedy.
H. stenophyes, Tr. It. Linton. — G.
H. angustatum, Lindeb. — M.

H. gotllicum, (Fr. pt.} Back. — M, Johnstone ; EFG, Kennedy, L.
H. sparsifolium, Lindeb. — Campsie, GB.
H. prenanthoides, Vill. — Falls of Clyde, H, M, Johnstone.
H. strictum, Fries. — F M.
H. auratum, Fr. — Campsie, G, B, Watt.
H. crocatum, Fr. — B, Loch Long, Watt.
H. boreale, Fr. — G, Kennedy, J.
H. umbellatum, L. — Uddingston, Arran, EGKL, J.
(H. argenteum, Fr. — G, Campsie, White.
H. pictorum, Linton. — B, Glen Falloch, White.
H. subhlrtum, F. J. Hanb.—B, Glen Falloch, White. These three Perth

FL, Editor.)

Hypochoeris radicata, L.— F G J K L, B to 1200 ft., D or I.
Leontodon hirtus, L. — Lanark, Dumbarton, Innellan, FG, Hooker.
L. hispidus, L. — F G K L, J.
L. autumnalis, L.— B F G K L to 2700 ft.
L. pratensis, jJTocA.— -Wilsontown, Ben Lomond, BE, Arran, Balfour, to

2300 ft.

Taraxacum officinale, Web. — FG JK L, B to 2500 ft., D or I.
T. palustre, DC.—G, Glasgow, Hooker ; FK, E to 600 ft., G, D or I.
Lactuca muralis, Fresen. — IimeHan, Kilwitming, Can tyre, F.
Sonchus oleraceus, L. — F G J K L.
S. asper, Hoffm.— FG J K L, D or I.
S. arvensis, L.— FGK L, D or I, J.

Tragopogon pratense, L. — Introduced. G, Daldowie, Hooker, E F.
Lobelia Dortmanna, L. — G, Hooker, B E F, D or I, K, L.
Jasione montana, L. — E G, Lightfoot, F K L, D or I J.
Wahlenbergia hederacea, Reichb. — Gourock, Innellan, Ayr, F K, Hooker.
Campanula Trachelium, L. — Lanark, Ayr. Garden escape. G, Mugdock,

Hooker, F.

C. latifolia, L.— GH, Lightfoot, Hooker, F JKL, D or I.
C. rapunculoides, L. — Lanark, Ayr. Introduced. F K.
C. rotundifolia, L.— E G F J K L, B to 1200 ft.
C. lancifolia, Mert. and Koch. — Arran, EG to 1100 ft.
"Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea, L.— B EFGHJKLMto 1000 ft., D or I.

122 PHANEROGAMS.

V. uliginosum, L. — Can tyre, A, Inverarav, Lightfoot ; B, Ben Lomond to-

2000 ft.

V. Myrtillus, L.— B FG J K L, H to 2500 ft., E, D or I.
Schollera Occycoccus, AV/>.— FGM to 900 ft., K.
Arctostaphylos alpina Xpreny. — Arran, E.

Andromeda polifolia, L. — Gartcosh. Possibly introduced. G F.
Calluna Erica, DC.— Si F G J K L, B to 2000 ft., I) or I.
Erica Tetralix, L.— E F G J K L B to 2000 ft., D or I.
E. cinerea, L.- -E F G J K L B I) or I to 2000 ft.
(Pyrola rotundifolia, L. — H, Hooker, G, Editor.)
P. media, Sw. — Lanark, Ayr, GK.
P. minor, L. — Lanark, Renfrew, Stewarton, Arran, E F, H, Hooker ; G L,.

Smith, K.

var. arenaria. F, Smith.

P. secunda, L.—G H, Kennedy, 500 ft. to 2000 ft., Watt.
Armeria maritima, Willd.—B E F J K L to 2700 ft., D or I.
Primula acaulis, L.— F G J K L, B to 1000 ft., I) or I.
P. veris, L. — Bothwell, Ibrox, Dairy, Arran. Introduced in these stations^

EFG.
Lysimachia thyrsiflora, Ait. — Lanark, Renfrew, Ayr, Dumbarton, G,

Fossil, Hooker ; F, Ardrossan, Duncan.
L. vulgaris, L.— F G, B E L.
L. Nummularia, L. — G, F.
L. nemorum, L.—F G J K L, B, D or I.

Trientalis europaea, L. — B, Ben Lomond, Lightfoot, E, K, Smith.
G-laux maritima, L. — F J K, E, D or I.
Anagallis arvensis, L. — E F J K L, G.
A. caerulea, Schreb. — Troon. On ballast. F H, Hooker.
A. tenella, L.— E F, J K, D or I.
Centunculus minimus, L. — Ayr, Arran, EG, Hooker; K, Maybolev

Smith, FJ.

Samolus Valerandi, L.— E F, J K, D or I.
Fraxinus excelsior, L. — F G J K L, B to 400 ft., E, D or I.
Ligustrum vulgare, L— G, E F K L, D or I.
(Vinca major, L. — GF, Largs, Smith.
V. minor, L.— FG K, Smith, Editor.)
Erythraea Centaurium, Pers. — E F J K, G, D or I.
E. littoralis, FT. — Ayr, Innellan, Arran, Carradale, E F, D or I.

Gentiana campestris, L.— E G, Hooker, F K L, D or IJ.

Menyanthes trifoliata, L.—F G K L, E, B to 900 ft., D or I.

Polemonium caeruleum, //.—Garden escape. H, Falls Clyde, Balfour, G F..

Symphytum officinale, L. — E F G J.

S. tuberosum, L.—G, Hooker ; F, Kelly, J.

Borago officinalis, L. — FG.

Anchusa officinalis, L. — Dumbarton, G, Glasgow, Hooker. Garden escape.
K, Maybole, Smith.

A. sempervirens, L. — Lanark, Renfrew, Dairy, Saddell. Garden escape.
EFGK,H, J.

Lycopsis arvensis, L. — F K, E G.

Pneumaria maritima, Rill.— Ballantrae, Arran, Lightfoot, E J, K, F.

Myosotis caespitosa, F. Hchultz.—F G J K L, E, B to 600 ft., D or I.

M. strigulosa, Mert. and Koch. — F.

M. repens, G. Don.—F G J K L, E, B to 700 ft., D or I.

M. sylvatica, Hoffm. — Barrhead, Bothwell, G.

M. arvensis, Lam. — F G J K L, D or I.

M. umbrosa, Bab. — Common.

M. versicolor, Reichb. — FG JK, B, D or I, L.

PHANEROGAMS. 123

Lithospermum officinale, L. — Lanark, Eenfrew, Arran, EG, Mugdock,

Hooker.

L. arvense, L. — Both well, Renfrew, Maybole, Campbeltown, GIK, F.
Echium vulgare, L. — F J, E G, Hooker.

Volvulus sepium, Junger. — Introduced. E FG J K, D or I.
V. Soldanella, Junger. — Ayr Harbour, Arran, Carradale. Often introduced.

EFKJ.

Convolvulus arvensis, L. — F K, G, Hooker, E.
Cuscuta Epithymum, Nurr. — Ayr, G, Hooker ; K, Duncan.
Solanum Dulcamara, L. — E F J K, G, Hooker.
S. nigrum, L. — Bowling, Ayr Harbour, FK, B, Kennedy, G.
Hyoscyamus niger, L. — Bowling, Renfrew, Ayr. Introduced. F, G, Hooker.
Verbascum Thapsus, L. — Garden escape. E F G K.
V. nigrum, L. — Bowling. On ballast. F.
Linaria Cymbalaria, Mill. — E F G, B.
L. Elatina, Mill. — Bowling. On waste heaps. GF.
L. purpurea, L. — Bowling. On waste heaps. G.
L. repens, Mill. — Lanark, Avr. Introduced. G, K.
L. vulgaris, Mill— F,GE, J."

L. viscida, Moench. — Lanark, Paisley, Ayr. Introduced. F M.
Scrophularia umbrosa, Dum. — Lanark, Renfrew, FG, H.
S. nodosa, L.— FG J K L, E, B to 400 ft., D or I.
S. vernalis, L. — Bothwell, Renfrew. Near gardens. F G.
Mimulus luteus, L.— F H K L, E.
(Limosella aquatica, L. — F, Largs, Smith, Editor.)
Digitalis purpurea, L.—F G J K L, E, B to 1 loo ft., D or I.
Veronica hederaefolia, L. — F, M, Johnstone, G, Kennedy.
V. polita, Fr. — -Lanark, Dum barton, Arran, Carradale, E, D or I.
V. agrestis, L.—F G J K L, D or I.
V. Tournefortii, G. Gmel.—FGK.
V. arvensis, L.—F K L, G, B, D or I, J.

V. serpyllifolia, L.— F G J K L, B, Hooker to 2200 ft., D or I.
V. officinalis, L.— E F G J K L B to 1 100 ft., D or I.
V. Chamaedrys, L.— F G J K L, B, D or I.
V. montana, L. — F G K, H, Hooker, E, D or I.
V. scutellata, L.- -F G K, E to 700 ft., D or I, J.
V Anagallis-aquatica, L. — F K, E G, J.
V. Beccabunga, L.—F G J K L to 700 ft.
Euphrasia officinalis, L. — F G J K L, B.
E. gracilis, Fr.—E to 2000 ft.

Bartsia Odontites, Huds.— FG J K L to 400 ft., D or I.
B. viscosa, L. — Renfrew, Dumbarton, Arran, Can tyre, E F, B, Loch Goil,

Lightfoot.

Pedicularis palustris, L.— F G J K L, E, B to 800 ft., D or I.
P. sylvatica, L.—F G J K L E, B to 800 ft., D or I.
Rhinanthus Crista-galli, L.— BFG JKL to 2400 ft., D or I.
Melampyrum pratense, L.— F G L M, E, B to 400 ft., D or I, J.
M. montanum, Jofmst. — Ben Lomond, B.
M. sylvaticum, L. — Lanarkshire, K L.
Lathraea Sq.uam.aria, L. — Cambuslang, Ayr, Cathcart, Hooker, G K ; H

Lanark, Kennedy ; F, Dundonald, Smith.

Utricularia vulgaris, Z.— Pai-ley, Dumbarton, Ayr, Arran, EFGK, B.
U. neglecta, Lehm. — Ben Lornoml, BG to 700 ft.
U. minor. L. — G, Kilpatrick, Hooker ; F, Ardrossan, Smith, to 400 ft., E,

D or I, K.
U. intermedia, Hayne. — Ben Lomond, Arran, Carradale, BE, G, Fossil,

Hooker, to 700 ft.

124 PHANEROGAMS.

Pinguicula vulgaris, L.— E F G J K L M, B to 2500 ft., D or I.

P. lusitanica, L. — Ayr, Millport, Carradale, F, K, Lightfoot ; E, Hooker ;

B, Tarbert, Scott', D or I.

Mentha rotundifolia, Huds. — Dumbartonshire. Garden outcast. E.
M. alopecuroid.es, Hull. — Drymen, Arran, Tarbert. Garden outcast. BCE,

Dor I.

M. longifolia, Huds. — Barrhead. Garden outcast. G.
M. piperita, L. — Garden outcast. G.

M. viridis, L.— Dumbarton, Kilwinning. Garden outcast. EFG.
M. hirsuta, Huds. — B, D or I.

M. sativa, L. — FG J K L, E (var. paludosa, G, Campsie, White, Editor.}
M. arvensis, L.—F G J K L, D or I.
M. Pulegium, L. — Dundonald. Garden outcast. F.
Lycopus europaeus, L. — E, Arran, Hooker, B F, G, D or I.
'Origanum vulgare, L. — Campsie, Falls of Clyde, Paisley, Newton, GH, K,

Smith.

Thymus Serpyllum, Fr.—F G J K L, B to 1000 ft., D or I.
Calamintha Clinopodium, Spenn. — Barrhead, Ballantrae, G J.
Salvia officinalis, L. — Ayr, K.
Nepeta Glechoma, Benth.— FG J K L, E, D or I.
Scutellaria galericulata, L. — B E F K, D or I.
S. minor, Huds. — Dumbarton, Arran, Cantyre, EFG.
Prunella vulgaris, L.— F G J K L, B to 400 ft., D or I.
Marrubium vulgare, L. — Dumbarton, Ayr. On waste heaps. K, F.
Stachys Betonica. Benth. — Ayr Harbour, K, G, Cambuslang, Hooker ; J,

Ballantrae, F, Smith.
S. palustris, L.— FG J KL,B, D or I.

•(S. ambigua, 8m.— A, Inveraray, Hooker ; F, Cardross, Watt, E, Editor.}
S. sylvatica, L.— FGJ KL,B, D or I.
S. arvensis, L.— E F J K L, G.

Galeopsis Ladanum, L. — Helensburgh, Ayr, F K G.
<r. versicolor, Curt. — G, Hooker, F L E.
G. Tetrahit, L.— F G J K L, B, D or I.
G. bifida, Boenn. — Innellan, F.
Lamium amplexicaule, L. — F K, G E.
L. intermedium, Fr. — Common, FK, EG, D or I.
L. hybridum, Vill. — Lanark, Innellan, F.
L. purpureum, L. — F G J K L, D or I.
L. maculatum, L. — F K.
L. album, L. — Introduced. F G K.

L. Galeobdolon, Crantz. — Helensburgh, Pollock, Darvel. Introduced. FG, J.
Ballota nigra, L. — Lanark, Ayr Harbour. On waste heaps. K, G, Hooker, F.
Teucrium Scorodonia, L.— F G J K L, B to 1200 ft., D or I.
Ajuga reptans, L. — F G L K, B, D or I.
A. pyramidalis, L. — Innellan, F.
Plantago major, L.—F G J K L, B to 400 ft., D or I.
P. intermedia, Gilib. — F, Craigendoran, Watt.
P. media, L. — Lanark, Renfrew, Ayr, G, F, Walker, D or I J.
P. lanceolata, L.—F G J K L, B, D or I.
P. maritima, L.—F, B E G J K L to 2500 ft., D or I.
P. Coronopus, L.—F J K E, D or I.
Littorella juncea, Berg.—B F K L, E G to 900 ft., E.
Herniaria glabra, L. — Paisley, G, Ewing.
Scleranthus annuus, L. — F J K, G, E, D or I.
Chenopodium album, L. — F G J K.
C. viride, Si/me. — Lanark, Dumbarton, F K L.
C. rubrum, L.— Lanark, Ayr, Renfrew, Dumbarton, F J KG.

PHANEROGAMvS. 125>

C. Bonus-Henricus, L. — Lanark. Garden escape. F, G.

Beta maritima, L. — Dumbarton. Introduced. F, Wemyss Bay, Balfour.

G, J.

Atriplex patula, L. — F G J K L, D or I.

A. erecta, Huds. — Common. Overlooked in Ayrshire. E G, Balfour.
A. angustifolia, Sm.— E, Balfour.
A. hastata, L. — Lanarkshire.
A Babingtonii, Woods. — E F JK, D or I.
A. virescens, Lunge. — Arran.

A. laciniata, L. — E F, D or I.

Salicornia herbacea, L.— Bowling, West Kilbride, Arran, EFK, B.

Suaeda maritima, Dum. — E F.

Salsola Kali. L. — Troon, Arran, Campbeltown, EFIJK.

Polygonum Convolvulus, L. — F G J K L, B, E, D or I.

P. aviculare, L.— E F G J K L, D or I,

P. arenastrum, Bor.- -Arran, E, Bovd.

P. Eaii, Bab.—& F J K, D or I.

P. Hydropiper, L.— B E F G J K L to 400 ft., D or I.

P. minus, Huds. — Brother Lochs, Meariis, G. (I have seen no plants for-

some years, P. Ewing.)
P. Persicaria, L.— F ii J K L, B, D or I.
P. elatum, Uren. and Godr. — Lanarkshire.
P. lapathifolium, L.— E F J K, G, D or I.
P. amphibium, L.— F K, E G, D or I, H.
P. terrestre, Leers. — G, D or I, F.

P. Bistorta, A.— -Garden outcast. AEFG, Lightfoot and Hooker.
P. viyiparum. /..— Falls of Clyde, Ayr, B H K M to 2500 ft.
Oxyria digyna, Hill. — Ben Lomond, Arran, BEL.
Eumex cpnglomeratus, Murr. — F G K L, E.
R. sanguineus, L. — F, G, H.
R. viridis, Sibth.—Y, E G.
R. obtusifolius, L.— E F G J K L, B, D or I.
R. crispus, L.- F G J K L, D or I.
R. Acetosa, L.— F G J K L, B to 4<>o ft., D or I.
R. Acetosella, L.— FG J K L, B to 700 ft., D or I.
Asarum europaeum, L. — Only near gardens. F, H.
Hippophae rhamnoides, L. — F G K, I) or I.
Euphorbia Helioscopia, L. — FG J K L, D or I.
E. Peplus, J,.--F,EG, D or I.

Mercurialis perennis, L. — FG J K L, B to 400 ft., D or I.
M. annua, L. — Ayr Harbour, F K.

Ulmus montana, Stokes. — F G J K L to 600 ft., E, D or I.
U. surculosa, Stokes. — F G K L.

Humulus Lupulus, L. — Introduced. G H, Hooker, F, Smith, K.
Urtica dioica, L.— FG J K, B to 500 ft., D or I.
U. urens, £.-FGJKL, D or I.

Parietaria omcinalis, L. — G, Both well, Hooker ; F, Greenock, Scott, B H, E.,
Myrica Gale, L.— F J K L, E, B to 800 ft., D or I.
Betula verrucosa, Ehrh.—F G J K L, B to 600 ft., E, D or I.

B. pubescens, Ehrh. — B to 2000 ft., (and var. p.rviflora, White, Editor.)
Alnus glutinosa, Medic.— F G J K L, B to 500 ft., D or I.

Carpinus Betulus, L.— FGK.

Corylus Avellana, L.— F G J K L, B to 600 ft., E, D or I.

Quercus Robur, L.— F G J K L, B to 400 ft., D or I.

Castanea sativa, Mill. — F G K L, D or I.

Fagus sylvatica, L.—FGJK to 600 ft,, D or I.

Salix pentandra, L. — A, Inveraray, Lightfoot, FGK L, E, D or I.

1-26 PHANEROGAMS.

S. undulata, Ehrh.— Falls of Clyde, H,

S. fragilis, L.—F G K L, D or I.

S. alba, /,.— F G J K L, D or I.

S. purpurea, L. — F K, G, D or I.

S. rubra, Huds. — Carmyle, Dumbarton, Tarbert, BFG.

S. viminalis, L.— F G J K L, E, D or I.

S. Caprea, 'L.— F G J K L, E, B.

S. aurita, L.— FG K L, E, B to 800 ft., D or I.

S. ambigua, Ehrh. — Tarbert, B, Ewing.

S. cinerea, L.— F G J K L, D or I.

S. aquatica, Sm. — Dumbarton, F.

S. lamina, ^m.— Lanark, Dunoon, Tarbert, BF.

S. nigricans, Sm. — Ben Lomond, B.

S. phylicifolia, L. — Falls of Clyde, Ben Lomond, Fossil, B G H.

S. repens, L.— F K L J, D or L

(S. reticulata, L. — B, Buchanan White, Flora Perthshire, Editor.)

S. herbacea, L. — Ayr, Cantyre, BEL, Ben Lomond, Arran, Lightfoot, to

2900 ft.

(S. Wahlenbergii, And.—B, Buchanan White, Editor.)
Populus alba, L. — Largs, Lanark, Arran. Planted. EF, GLK.
P. tremula, L. — Planted in most cases. FG J K, E, B. var. glabra, D or I.
P. nigra, L. — Lanark, Avr, Dumbarton. Introduced, but seeds freely.

FGJKL.

Empetrum nigmm, L.— BFG JKL to 1300 ft., E, D or I.
Juniperus communis, L. — B E, F G, J.
J. nana, Willd. — Ayr, Dumbarton, Arran, Cantyre, BEK.
Taxus baccata, L. — Planted, F G K L.
Pinus sylvestris, L. — F G J K L, B.
Elodea canadensis, Michx. — E, G.
Malaxis paludosa, Sw. — Ayr, Dumbarton, Clyde Isles. But not recently.

Ben Voirlich, B,K,EJ.
Neottia Nidus-avis, Rich. — Kil winning, Paisley, Lanark, Dumbarton, FG,

K,H.

Listera cordata, R.Br.— BE, Hooker, FK,G to 900 ft., J, D or I.
L. ovata, R.Br.— EFGK.
Goodyera repens, R.Br.-r—F, Dundonakl.

Cephalanthera ensifolia, Rich. — Prestwick, Whiting Bay, Cantyre, E F.
Epipactis latifolia, All.—G, Hooker, FKL.
Orchis mascula, L.— FG JK to 400 ft., E.

0. incarnata, L. — Tarbert, B, H, Balfour ; M, Johnstone, D or I.
0. latifolia, L.— G, Lightfoot, E FK to 600 ft., D or I.
0. maculata, L.— E F G J K L B to IQiiO ft, D or I.
Habenaria conopsea, Benth. — B E F H K, G, D or I.
H. albida, R.Br.—F, G E, B.

H. viridis, R.Br.— BE, Lightfoot ; G, Hooker ; F K, Smith.
H. bifolia, R.Br.— E F K G to 400 ft, D or I.
H. chloroleuca, Ridley.— B E G, F to 400 ft., D or I.
Iris Pseudacorus, L. — F G J K L, B, D or I.
Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus, L. — Bothwell, Barrhead, Largs. Introduced.

FG.

Galanthus nivalis, L. — Introduced. G, F.
Convallaria majalis, L. — Buthwell, Giffnock, Largs, Dumbarton. Intro-

duced. FG,H.
Allium vineale, L.— Common. Doubtful native, unless in Arran. E, G,

Hooker ; F, K Smith, J. var. compaction, F, Somerville.
A. ursinum, L. — E, Arran, Lightfoot ; FKL, G to 600 ft. ; J, Ailsa Craig,

D or I.

PHANEROGAMS. 127

Scilla verna, Huds. — Carradale, K J, J K.

S. festalis, Salisb.— G, FJ K L, B to 1 100 ft., E.

Ornithogalum umbellatum, L. — Both well Woods, Renfrew. Introduced.

G, F.

Narthecium Ossifragum, Huds.— FG J K L, B to 900 ft., E.
Tofieldia palustris, Huds.— Ben Lomond, B, 2300 ft. to 3500 ft.
Gagea fascicularis, Salisb. — Milngavie. Introduced. G.
Paris quadrifolia, L. — Cartland Craigs, Barrhead, Galston, GH, F.
Juncus bufonius, L.— F G J K L, B to 400 ft., D or I.
J. trifidus, Koch. — Ben Lomond, Arran, B E to 2500 ft.
J. squarrosus, L.— FG J K L, B to 2700 ft., D or I.
J. compressus, Jacq. — Dumbarton, FG, J.
J. Gerardi, Loisel. — E F J K, D or I.
J. tenuis, \VHId. — Bridge of Weir, Dumbarton, F.
J. glaucus, Lees. — Lanark, Renfrew, Arran, EFG.
J. effusus, L.— F J K L, B, D or I.
J. conglomerates, L.— F G J K L, B to 600 ft., D or I.
J. maritimus, Lam. — E F K, D or I.

J. supinus, Moench. — G, Glasgow, Don ; E F J K L, B to 900 ft., D or I.
J. lamprocarpus, Mrh.—F G J K L E, B to 900 ft., D or I.
J. acutiflorus, Ehrh.— E FGJ K L, B to 900 ft., D or I.

J. triglumis, L. — -"Ben Lomond, Lightfoot ; Arran, Carradale, B E to 2500 ft.
Luzula vernalis, DC.—J L G, B to 1000 ft., D or I.
L. maxima, DC.— FG JKL, B to 1200 ft., D or I.
L. spicata, DC. — Ben Lomond, B, Balfour to 2700 ft.
L. campestris, DC.— F G J K L M B to 600 ft,

L. erecta, Desv. — B to 600 ft., D or I.

L. congesta, Lejeune. — G, to 900 ft.

Typha latifolia, L. — Uddingston, Loch Semple, Symington, Tarbert,
'BFGH,E.

T. angustifolia, L. — Carstairs, Ayrshire, H.

Sparganium ramosum, Huds. — E FG J K L. (var. microcarpum, D or I, Edit.)

S. simplex, #*«&.— EG, Hooker, FK.

S. affine, Schnizl. — Drymen, Arran, Carradale, C E, B to 2000 ft., D or I.

S. minimum, /•>.- F K L, G E.

Arum maculatum, L. — Garden outcast, G, Hooker, F, H, E, J.

Lemna trisulca, L. — Fossil, Bowling, Troon. Introduced. FG to 300 ft.

L. minor, L — F G K to 300 ft.

L. gibba, L. — Fossil, Ayr. Introduced. G.

L. polyrhiza, L. — Fossil. Introduced? GH, Lanark, Hooker.

Alisma Plantago aquatica, L. — E F G J K L, B.

A. ranunculoides, L. — Blantyre, Renfrew, West Kilbride, Dumbarton,
Arran, EFG.

Triglochin palustre, L.— F G J K L, E to 900 ft., D or I.

T. maritimum, L.—F, Hooker, EJK,G, D or I.

Potamogeton natans, L. — F G K L E, D or I.

P. polygonifolius, Pour.— BG to 900 ft., D or I.

P. pseudo-fluitans, Syme.—'B.

P. coloratus, Hornem. — Arran, E.

P. alpinus, Balb.—G to 600 ft.

P. heterophyllus, Schreb. — G, Hooker, F JKL (and var. gramineus. B,
Watt, Editor).

P. nitens, Web. — Arran, Tarbert, B E.

P. lucens, L. — Lanark, Barrhead, Kilwinning, Dunoon, FG.

(P. decipiens, Nolle. — B, Watt, Editor.)

P. angustifolius, Presl. — Lanark, B.

P. perfoliatus, L. — F, G.

128 PHANEROGAMS.

P. crispus, L.— F K, G.

P. densus, //.— G, Bardowie, Hooker.

P. obtusifolius, Mert. and Koch. — Lanark, K.

P. pusillus, L.—F G K.

P. pectinatus, L. — Dumbarton, Ayr, Can tyre, F, Watt.

P. interruptus, AY*. — Ayrshire, G.

Butomus umbellatus, L. — Fossil, Paisley. Introduced. G.

Ruppia rostellata, Koch. — West Kilbride, Dumbarton, Can tyre, F, J.

Zannichellia palustris, L. — Cambuslaug, Neilston, Dumbarton. Introduced.

GF.
Zostera marina, L.— Gourock, West Kilbride, Dumbarton, Millport, Cantyre.

F, EK.

Z. nana, Roth. — West Kilbride, Dumbarton, Arran, Tarbert, BE, FK.
Eleocharis acicularis, R. Br. — G E B.
E. palustris, It. Br.—E FG J K L, B to 900 ft., D or I.
E. uniglumis, Reichb. — Arran, Carradale, E.
E. multicaulis, Sm.—FG K L, E, B, D or I.

Scirpus pauciflorus, Light/.— G, Mugdock, Hooker, E F, B, D or I.
S. caespitosus, L.— FG JK L, B to 900 ft., D or I.
S. fluitans, L.— F, E G.

S. cernuus, Vahl — West Kilbride, Ballantrae, Millport, Cantyre, F J
S. setaceus, L.— F G J K L, E, G to 700 ft., D or I.
S. lacustris, L.— F K LG.

S. tabernaemontani, Gmel. — Kenfrew, West Kilbride, F.
S. maritinms, L.— E F J K G, D or I.
S. sylvaticus, L.-G H, F J K L, B.

S. Caricis, Retz.— Wemyss Bay, West Kilbride, Arran, E F.
S. rufus, Schrad:— E, Hooker, F K, G, B, D or I.
Eriophorum vaginatum, L. — FG J K L, B to 900 ft., E, D or I.
E. angustifolium, Roth.—F G J K L, B to 900 ft., E, D or I.
E. latifolium, Hoppe. — Falls of Clyde, Carradale, H.
Rhynchospora alba, Vahl. — B E F.
Schoenus nigricans, L. — E F J K, D or I.
Cladium jamaicense, Crantz. — Bute, E J.
Carex dioica, L.—F K L M, E, B to 900 ft., D or I.
C. pulicaris, L.— FG K L E, B to 800 ft., D or I.
C. pauciflora, Lit/ktf. — E, Arran, Lighfoot, BGK, Smith, D or I.
C. disticha, Huds.—F, Dalnmir, Watt to 500 ft.
C. arenaria, L. — E, Lightfoot, F J K, D or I.
C. teretiuscula, Good. — F K G E.
C. paniculata, L. — G, H, Balfour, E.
C. vulpina, Z.— EFKG D or I.
C. muricata, L.— G, E FJ K.

C. echinata, Murr.—F G J K L M, B to 900 ft., D or I.
C. remota, L.—F K G E J, H, D or I.

C. Boenninghausiana, WWAe.— Ayrshire, K, Culzean, Watt.
C. curta, Good.—FLMjGtQ 700 rt,, E.
C. ovalis, Good.--F G J K L M to 900 ft., E, D or I.
C. atrata, L. — Ben Lomond, B.

C. Hudsonii, Ar. Benn. — Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, Dumbartonshire.
C. acuta, L.— G F E, K.

C. rigida, Good. — Ben Lomond, Arran, Carradale, B E to 2900 ft.
C. aquatilis, Wahlenb. — F H, G J.
C. elatior, Bab.— Milngavie, L«»ch Semple, FG.
C. Goodenowii, J. Gay.—F G J K L, B, D or I.
C. flacca, Schreb— FG JKL to 9oo ft., D or I.
C. magellanica, Lam.—G to 800 ft.

PHANEROGAMS. 129

C. limosa, L.— F G to 700 ft., J, K.

C. pilulifera, L.— E, Arran, Lightfoot, FG JK LM, B to 2500 ft., D or I.

C. verna, Chaix. — F, G E.

C. pallescens, L.— B E F K L, G, D or I.

C panicea, L.— F G J K L, B to 2500 ft., D or I.

(C. vaginata, Tausch.—&. White.

C. capillaris, L.— B. White. Both Perth. Flora, Editor.)

C. pendula, Huds. — Crossford, Castle Seiuple, West Kilbride, Ballantrae,

FJ,G,FKL.

C. sylvatica, ffuds.—F G K L, E, J.
C. laevigata, Sm. — G, Hooker, E, F, D or I.
C. binervis, Sm.— FG J K L, E, B to 2500 ft., D or I.
C. distans, L. — Kilwinning, Arran, Carradale, E F, K, D or I.
C. fulva, Good.—E F J K L, B to' 400 ft., D or I.
C. extensa, Good. — E F J, I) or I.
C. pumila, Anders.— Arran, E.

C. flava, L.— FG J K L M, E, B to 2500 ft., and D or I.
C. Oederi, Retz. — Ben Lomond, Carradale, BG, E.
C. cyperoides, Marsson.— Ben Lomond, Carradale, BF, Somerville.
C. filifonnis, L. — Lochwinnoch, Carradale, F, K, Lightfoot, J.
C. hirta, L.— F G J K L, E, D or I.
C. acutiformis, Ehrh.—GTLV.
C. riparia, Curtis. — Falls of Clvde, Renfrew, Kilwinning, Bowling, FH,

GKL.

C. rostrata, Stokes.— F JK LG to 900 ft., D or I.
C. elatior, Blytt. — Loch Seniple, F.
C. vesicaria, L. — F G K, B.

C. pulla, Good. — Ben Lomond, B.

(C. obtusangula, Ehr.— B. White, Perth. Flora, Editor.)

Phalaris canariensis, L. — Introduced. G, Hooker, F.

P. arundinacea, L.— F G J K L, B, D or I.

Anthoxanthum odoratum, L.— FG J KL, B to 2500 ft., D or I.

A. Puellii, Lecoq. and Lamotte.- -Renfrewshire. Recent introduction.

Alopecums myosuroides, ffuds. — Uddingston, Crossrnyloof, Ayr Harbour,

Innellan. Introduced. FGK.
A. geniculatus, L.— FG J K L to 400 ft., D or I.
A. pratensis, L. — FGKL.
Milium effusum, L. — G, Hooker, F, H, D or I.
Phleum pratense, L. — F G J K L, D or I.
Agrostis canina, L.— FG JKL to 1000 ft., D or I.
A. palustris, Huds. — F G J K L, D or I.
A. maritima, Mey. — Arran, Tarbert, B E, F, D or I.
A. vulgaris, With.—F G J K L, E, B, D or I.
A. pumila, L. - -Prestwick, Carradale, F J, D or I.

Apera Spica-venti, Beauv. — Renfrew, Milngavie. Recent introduction. G.
Ammophila arundinacea, Host. — E F J K.
Aira caryophyllea, L. — F G J K L, D or I.
A. praecox, L. — F G J K L, D or I.

(Weingaertneria canescens, Bernh. — K, Smith and Beeby, Editor.)
Deschampsia caespitosa, Beauv. — BFG J KL to 2000 ft., D or I.

D. alpina, Gaud. — Ben Lomond, B.

D. pseudo-alpina, Syme. — Ben Lomond, B.
D. alpina, Roem. and Schult. — Ben Lomond, B.
D. flexuosa, Trim.—F G J K L, B, D or I.
D. montana, Hook. fil. — Tarbert, B, D or I.
Holcus mollis, L.— G, F K L, E, B, D or I.
H. lanatus, L— F G J K L, B, D or I.

I

130 PHANEROGAMS.

Trisetum pratense, /'cr«.--G, F.

Avena pubescens, Huds. — G, F K, D or I.

A. pratense, L. — Milngavie, Dumbarton, Innellan, Ayr, G F K, J L, E,

B to 2400 ft.
Arrhenatherum avenaceum, Beauv. — F G J K L, D or I.

A. nodosum, fle?c/*6.— Bothwell, G.

Sieglingia decumbens, Bernh.— FG J K L, E, B to 2000 ft., D or I.

Phragmites cpmmunis, Trin. — E F J K L G, D or I.

Cynosurus cristatus, L. — F G J K L, B, D or I.

Koeleria cristata, Pers. — F J K.

Molinia varia, SchranL— F G J K L, E, B to 900 ft., D or I.

Catabrosa aquatica, Beauv.— E, Arran, Balfour, F, G, K.

C. littoralis, Parn. — Prestwick, Carradale, F, D or I.

Melica nutans, L.— H K L, G to 600 ft.

M. uniflora, Retz.—G, F J K L, E, G to 500 ft.

Dactylis glomerata, L.— F G J K L, B to 400 ft., D or I.

Briza media, L. — H, Hooker, F G K L.

Poa annua, L.— F G J K L, B, D or I.

P. alpina, L. — Ben Lomond, B, Balfour, E to 2400 ft.

P. glauca, $ra.— - Ben Lomond, B.

P. Balfourii, Parn.— Ben Lomond, B, Balfour to 2000 ft

P. nemoralis, L.— F G K, B, H.

P. compressa, L. — Lanark, Renfrew. Recent introduction. G.

P. pratensis, L. — F G J K L, D or I.

P. trivialis, L.— F G J K L, D or I.

Glyceria fluitans, R. Br.—F J K L to 700 ft., D or I.

G. plicata, Fr. — Arran, Carradale, E.

G. aquatica, Sm. — F G B.

G. maritima, Nert. and Koch. — F J K, G, D or I.

G. distans, Wahlenb. — Renfrewshire.

Festuca rottboellioides, Kunih.— Troon, Arran, Campbeltown, EF.J.

F. sciuroides, Roth. — F J K L, B, D or I.

F. ovina, L.— FG JKL to 1300 ft.

F. rubra, L. — F to 1000 ft., D or I, and var. arenaria. D or I.

F. sylvatica, Vill. — K.

F. elatior, L.— F G J K.

F. pratense, Huds. — BG.

Bromus giganteus, L. — F G J K L, E, D or I.

B. ramosus, Huds. — F G J K L, D or I.

B. sterilis, L. — F K G. Recent introduction.

B. secalinus, L.— -Introduced with ballast. G.

B. racemosus, L. — Renfrew, Dumbarton, Ayr, G, Hooker, F K, E.

B. commutatus, Schrad. — F K, G.

B. mollis, L.— F G J K L, B, D or I.

Brachy podium gracile, Beauv. — F G J K L, E.

Lolium perenne, L. — F G J K L, B, D or I.

Agropyron caninum, Beauv. — F G J K L.

A. repens, Beauv. — FGJKL, D or I.

A. acutum, Roem. and Schidt. — Troon, F.

A. junceum, Beauv.— Largs, Ballantrae. Arran, Millport, Carradale, EFJK.

Lepturus filiformis, Trin. — West Kilbride, Milporr, F.

Nardus stricta, L.— F J K L, G E, B to 1200 ft., D or I.

Hordeum murinum, L. — Ayr Harbour, K, F, Smith.

Elymus arenarius, L. — Stevenston, Arran, Carradale, E F.

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ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE CLYDE VALLEY.
BY EBENEZER DUNCAN, M.D.

PEEHISTORIC.

THE only evidence of existence of man in the Clyde Valley during the palaeo-
lithic period is that adduced by the Rev. Frederick Smith in a paper entitled
u Palaeolithic Remains in Scotland'"1 published in 1898. He figures there
certain water-worn stones obtained on the shores of the Clyde Estuary
which have a striking resemblance to palaeolithic weapons, and are similiar
to those found in the Somrne Valley and in England. He believes that the
floor of the Clyde Estuary formed the hunting ground of palaeolithic man
during the period of the great upheaval in Scotland, when the ground now
covered by the waters of the Clyde Estuary was covered by forest trees,
among which the Mammalian Fauna of the Pleistocene age were abundantly
found. He alleges that stone weapons, formed by human agency in that
remote age, have been floated up from the bed of the Estuary by sea-weed
during storms and cast upon the shore at Ayr and Prestwick, where he found
them lying. Unfortunately we have no means of ascertaining the physical
characters of the race of men who fashioned these weapons, if weapons they
be. The remains of the Mammoth, the Reindeer, The Irish Elk, the Urus,
and the horse have been found in the interglacial beds of Scotland, but no
bones of palaeolithic man have hitherto been found either in the Clyde
Valley or elsewhere in Scotland.

PRIMITIVE RACE.

Archaeological investigation has proved that in the neolithic age the primi-
tive race inhabiting Scotland was Iberian in type, i.e. short statured and long
headed people who buried their dead in chambered graves of the long
barrow type. The first evidence of the existence of this race in the Clyde
valley was found by the writer a few years ago in the Island of Arran, where
he discovered a tumulus containing chambered graves. Several human
skeletons were found by him in one of these chambers. From the construc-
tion of the graves, the condition of the bones and the physical characters of
the skeletons, he formed the opinion that they were the remains of a pre-
Aryan Iberian race,2 short in stature, dark in complexion, and with Dolicho-
cephalic skulls. These bones were examined by Professor John Young, and
may now be found in the Hunterian Museum of the University of Glasgow.

^•Proceedings of the Philos. Soc. Glasgow, vol. xxx., page 35.

- "The Scottish Races," Proceedings of Glasgoio Philosophical Soc., vol. 28.

150 ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE CLYDE VALLEY.

More extensive explorations of these Arran graves were made last year by
the writer in conjunction with Dr. Thomas Bryce of Glasgow. In an adjoin-
ing compartment of the same tumulus more human bones were unearthed
and associated with them a chipped flint implement and some fragments of
rude undecorated pottery which fixed the age of the graves in the neolithic
period.

Another tumulus in the same vicinity yielded even more interesting
results. The graves were chambered graves built in series under a cairn of
stones. A number of complete skulls were obtained associated with rude
undecorated fragments of pottery and polished stone implements. One com-
plete clay bowl was found near the bottom of the grave which was decorated
with a geometrical pattern ; it did not contain any human remains. No trace
of cremated remains and no bronze articles were discovered. The objects
found under this cairn fixed its age in the later neolithic period. The bones
were carefully examined by Dr. Bryce who reported as follows : "All the
skulls were dolicho-cephalic two exaggeratedly so. In other respects the
skeletons showed primitive characters especially in the case of the shin-
bones which in the majority were platyeuemic.

"Thus in later neolithic times the inhabitants of the Clyde valley were
still of the Iberian race, characterised by long head, short stature, and pro-
bably dark complexion, mingled with the earliest Celtic immigrants. They
had not begun to use bronze. They still burned their dead, and were already
skilful in the manufacture of pottery. These earlier inhabitants may well
have been driven over to the outlying islands by the pressure from the
east, and it is probable that in these outlying inaccessible regions the stage
of neolithic culture may have overlapped the succeeding bronze culture
established on the mainland."

The Celts are supposed to have arrived in Britain about 1200 B.C.
Skeletons having Brachy-cephalic crania and all the other osseous charac-
teristics of the Celt have been found in various parts of the Clyde district,
in short cists, stone coffins, and, as cremated fragments, in cinerary urns. In
their first interments their osseous remains have been associated with
polished stone implements, marking the date of their first appearance in
the neolithic age. At a later period of the archaeological record bronze
weapons were found in these graves, and as we approach the historical
period, articles of gold and of iron.

In the Clyde district a skull of this Celtic type was found in Kilsyth Moss,
and was afterwards figured in the Crania Britannica. Another specimen
was found by the late Dr. James Bryce at Tormore, Arran. It was as-
sociated with stone implements and with a bronze pin. This latter skull
was examined and measured by the late Dr. Allen Thomson, and is now
to be seen in the Museuni of the Scottish Antiquarian Society. Unfor-
tunately most of the Celtic graves which have been opened in the Clyde
district have been examined by persons who placed no value on the
osteological remains they contained. Stone and bronze weapons, imple-
ments, and ornaments have been carefully gathered, described, and pre-
served, but unfortunately for the anthropologist, the bones have generally
been thrown aside as of no value.

HISTORICAL.

In the first historical accounts of the races found in the Clyde valley,
Strathclyde was said to be in the possession of a powerful Celtic tribe
called the Damnii, who spoke the Cornish dialect and who are supposed
to have come from the same stock as the Celts of Cornwall. Archaeological
investigation proves that long before the historical period the Celts had
almost entirely displaced the aboriginal Iberian race from the Clyde valley

ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE CLYDE VALLEY. 151

and had driven them into the remoter parts of the country. On the with-
drawal of the Roman legions at the end of the 4th century the Damnii were
subjected to an invasion by the Scots and Picts, who colonised the northern
districts of Strathclyde, driving the Damnii into the southern parts of
Lanarkshire and into Galloway. The Scots and Picts, being themselves
Celts, introduced no new racial element. They differed from their prede-
cessors only in the dialect they spoke.

About the beginning of the fifth century the Teutonic race began to make
its appearance in Scotland. Scandinavians, Frisians, and Saxons found their
way along the valley of the Forth, and a few of them made themselves a
home in the neighbouring Clyde valley. Like the Celts, these people were a
tall, muscular, fair-headed race, but, unlike the Celts, they were long-headed,
resembling in this respect the Iberian aboriginals, but differing from the
Iberians not only in their larger stature but in having a somewhat progna-
thous face. They were followed in the middle of the sixth century by hordes
of Angles of the same Teutonic type, who invaded Northumbria, and,
marching northwards, drove out the Celtic inhabitants from the south-
eastern counties of Scotland, and founded there the kingdom of Bernicia.
The Teutonising of the western lowlands followed in the seventh century,
when the Angles of Bernicia conquered and partially colonised the most
fertile parts of the Clyde valley. From this date onwards until the twelfth
century bands of Teutons (Angles, Saxons, and Normans) swarmed into
Scotland, where by conquest, by intermarriage with the daughters of the
Celtic chiefs, and by grants of land from the Scottish kings, they overran
the whole of the lowlands of Strathclvde. driving the Celtic tribes into the

" ™

wilds of Galloway and into the mountainous regions of the northern high-
lands. The last racial element was added to the people of the valley in the
twelfth century, when, in consequence of their expulsion from England by
Henry II., a numerous body of Flemings found refuge in Scotland. Several
colonies of these people, who were mostly of Teutonic origin, are known to
have settled in Strathclvde.

•

TABLE OF RACIAL ELEMENTS IN THE CLYDE VALLEY.

1st. Iberian, Long-headed.

2nd. Celtic-

a. Damnii, ~\

b. Picts, Broad-headed.

c. Scots, J
3rd. Teutonic—

a. Scandinavian,

b. Saxon,

c. Angle,

d. Norman,

e. Fleming,

Lonef-headed.

LANGUAGE.

No trace remains in any part of Britain of the speech of the Iberian
aboriginals. The remnants of this race in the Hebrides of Scotland, in
Wales, and in the West of Ireland, look upon themselves as pure Celts, and
cling tenaciously to the Celtic language.

In early historical times three British dialects of the Celtic language were
spoken in Strathclyde. The bulk of the population in the districts now
known as Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, Ayrshire, and Dumbartonshire, spoke
the Cornish dialect. On the shores of Argyllshire the Gaelic dialect was
spoken, and in the southern half of Lanarkshire Welsh was the dialect in

152 ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE CLYDE VALLEY.

common use. Many of the old place names in various parts of Strathclyde
retain the Celtic form, but the Celtic speech is rapidly becoming extinct.
Two of its dialects, Cornish and Welsh, became extinct at an early period,
and Gaelic only survives as a spoken language in a small percentage of the
population. Since the thirteenth century a dialect known as lowland Scotch,
the old Anglian dialect of Bernicia, has been spoken by the Scottish lowlander
in Strathclyde.

The number of people who still speak Gaelic in the three most populous
counties of the Clydesdale valley is stated in the Census for 1891, as follows :

Total Number of Persons Number of Persons p

p^niiiatinn wno speak who speak

opulation. Gaelic only. English and Gaelic. centaSe-

Lanarkshire, 1,046,040 84 22,887

Eenfrewshire, 290,798 63 8,425

Ayrshire, 226,283 14 1,827

Total, 1,563,121 161 33,139

POPULATION.

At the census of 1801 the population in the drainage area of the Clyde and
its estuary, amounted in round numbers to about 350,000. During the
nineteenth century, not only has the native population increased with great
rapidity, but, owing to the rapid growth of the iron and coal industries,
a large number of people have been attracted from all parts of Gieat
Britain and Ireland. The population has changed in character from a
people, the majority of whom were engaged in rural and agricultural
pursuits, to a community of town dwellers. From data furnished by the
Eegistrar-General I calculate that the population of Strathclyde now (1901)
numbers about 2,000,000. One half of this number live in Glasgow and its
adjacent suburbs. The larger part of the remainder lives iu the other
manufacturing centres of the Clyde valley. Some idea of the extent to
which the racial type is being modified by this fresh invasion of new comers,
may be arrived at by a consideration of the figures disclosed by the Census
tables of 1891. Taking Glasgow as an example, within its Municipal
boundaries the population at that date amounted to 658,198, and of these
only 349,597 were born in the city. 308,601 were born in other parts of
Great Britain and Ireland. Of the latter, 134,000 were recruited from the
adjacent counties of Scotland south of the Clyde and Forth, and 84,796 from
the northern counties of Scotland. 66,071 were born in Ireland, and
23,557 were English born. The number of foreigners was comparatively
insignificant. These figures show that although no new racial element has
been added by the influx of strangers, the tendency is to an increase of the
Celtic strain and to a gradual approximation of the dwellers in the Clyde
valley to the Teuto-Celtic type, which is the most prevalent type of man
found in England, and erroneously named Anglo-Saxon.

CEANIOLOGY.

It is an axiom that the shape of the skull is one of the least variable
characteristics of race. As it is quite certain that no trace of the aboriginal
Iberian has been found in Strathclyde during the historical period, the shape
of the crania of the present inhabitants is a very conclusive test of the
amount of Teutonic blood, as compared with Celtic blood, which they now
possess. The cephalic index is the test most readily applicable. In any
part of Britain where the Iberian is excluded the long-headed people are
mostly Teutonic in ancestry, and the broad-headed mostly Celtic. Four

ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE CLYDE VALLEY.

153

years ago in a paper on the Scottish Eaces,1 I published a table of the sizes
and shapes of hats supplied to Glasgow and London respectively by one of
the largest London firms of hat makers. The figures seemed to show that
the heads of the people of Glasgow were on the average larger and longer
than the heads of the people of London, and, therefore, approached more
nearly to the dolicho-cephalic type of the Teuton.

Since the publication of that paper, three firms of wholesale hatters doing
a large business both in Glasgow and London have, through the kindness of
Mr. Stewart, Hatter, Glasgow, furnished me with their experience of the
hat shapes and sizes commonly sold by them in these towns. The figures
are approximately the same as those previously published, but the average
cephalic index is slightly higher. This may be accounted for by these firms
providing to a greater extent hats for the working classes among whom, in
Glasgow, Irish and Highland round-headed Celts are numerous.

A uthorities.

Thos. Towend & Co., Size, 61

London, No. sold, 2

Walker & Lenney, Denton, 4

Pritchard & Co., London, 3

Average number sold of

each size in 9 doz. hats, 9

Authorities.

AVERAGE.
English Sizes and Ovals in 3 Doz. Hats.

7£ Ovals.

4

8

7

61

7

10

8

6J

8

8
8

7
7
3
6

19 25 24 16

4
2
3

9

71

'4

3
1
1

1

0
0

AVERAGE.
Scottish Sizes and Ovals in 3 Doz. Hats

6f

Thos. Towend & Co., Size, 6^

London, No. sold, 2 4

Walker & Lenny, Denton, 2 4
Pritchard & Co., London, 24
Average number sold of

each size in 9 doz. hats, 6 12 24

6
8
8

8

10
10

8

6
5

6

28 17

7*
3

4
4

11

2
2
3

7f Ovals.
1 I

3

With reference to the foregoing table Mr. Stewart informs me that the
oval named above for Scotland Ifth is the ordinary stock oval kept by him
and that he often finds it necessary to elongate such hats as his Glasgow
customers have frequently rather longer and narrower heads, i.e., more
inclined to be dolicho-cephalic.

Through- the kindness of Mr. Kirsop, Hatter, Glasgow, I have had an
opportunity of ascertaining the size of head of 265 of his customers,
who are of the middle and upper classes. The size and shape of
the head was measured very accurately by a hatter's instrument
called the Conformateur. I estimated the cephalic index of these persons
with the following results : 139 were found to have cephalic index varying
from 70 to 78 inclusive, and 126 had a cephalic index of 79 to 89 inclusive.
The average size of hat for these people was 7|. Comparing 10 of the most
typical dolicho-cephalic heads with 10 of the most typical brachy-cephalic
heads, I found that the former were larger on the average than the latter in
the proportion of 7Jth to 6|th.

The high average hat size of 7|th in these 265 persons suggested to me
the possibility of some selection of the persons measured by Mr. Kirsop.
On enquiry I found that for trade reasons the small sizes of head were not
so regularly measured and thus the average is higher than it ought to be,
and does not correspond with the average hat size 6§ calculated from the

Proceedings of the Philos. Soc. Glasgoiv, vol. 28, page 11.

154 ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE CLYDE VALLEY.

tables furnished by the London hat manufacturers. The following table
sub-divides the 265 heads measured into the classes usually named by
craniologists :

Cranial index below 75 dolicho-cephalic, - 38

„ „ 75 to 77 sub-dolicho cephalic, - - 69

„ „ 78 and 79 ortho-cephalic, - - 52

„ „ 80 to 82 sub-brachy cephalic, - - 61

„ „ 83 to 89 brachy-cephalic, - 44

265

It is evident from the above tables that the majority of the dwellers in
the Clyde valley are still more Teutonic than Celtic in blood. Nevertheless
during the nineteenth century a modification has taken place in the strongly
Teutonic character of the people. From the continual influx of recruits
from all parts of Britain and Ireland an approximation to the ortho-cephalic
index so common in London is becoming more marked in Glasgow. In a
few generations the mixing of the different racial elements in the Clyde
valley will certainly lead to a more uniform type and to the elimination of
the extreme examples of the long-headed and broad-headed people, which
the above tables show to exist among the population of Strathclyde at the
present time.

MAMMALIA.

BY HUGH Bo YD WATT, 3 Victoria Drive, Glasgow.

THE authorities followed for classification and nomenclature are, for the
Cetacea the late Sir Win. H. Flower's List of the Specimens of Cetacea in the
British Museum, (1885), and for the other orders Mr. Richard Lydekker's
Handbook of the British Mammalia, (1896), with a few exceptions.

When a locality is named the species has actually been taken there.
References are only given for very rare or unusual records. Square brackets
indicate that confirmation is required for the occurrence of the species. An *
indicates an extinct species in the area and t one that has been introduced.

ORDER CHIROPTERA.

Fam. Khinolophidae.

[Rhinoloplius hipposiderus, (Bechst.) — -Lesser Horse-Shoe Bat. Crookston,
Renfrewshire. New Statistical Account, 1845, viii., p. 162.]

Fam. Vespertilionidae.

Plecotus auritus, (L.) — Long-eared Bat, c.

Vesperugo pipistrellus, (Schreber.) — Com. Bat or Pipistrelle, c.

Vespertilio daubentoni, Leisl. — Daubenton's Bat. Glasgow Green, 1864 ;

Kelvingrove, 1879 ; Craigenfeoch, Renfrewshire, numbers, Jany. 1885.

Probably more frequent than is supposed.
V. nattereri, Kuhl.— Reddish-grey Bat. Inveraray, 1858, one. Dobson's

Cat. of the Chiroptera in the Brit. Museum, 1878, p. 307-8.

ORDER INSECTIVORA.

Fam. Erinaceidae.
Erinaceus europoeus, L. — Hedgehog, c., no Arran records ; in Bute.

Fam. Talpidae.

Talpa europoea, L. — Mole, c., occurs up to nearly 2000 ft., not reached
some districts, e. g. Southend, Kintyre, nor islands, except Bute.

Fam. Soricidae.

Sorex vulgaris, Z. — Com. Shrew, c., also in Arran and Bute.
S. minutus, L. — Lesser Shrew. Lesmahagow ; Paisley ; Sanda ; Cumbrae ;

Ailsa Craig, (?). Probably more freq. than these occurrences indicate.
Crossopus fodiens, (Pall.)— Water Shrew. Widely distributed, including

Arran ; no Argyllshire records.

156 MAMMALIA.

ORDER CARNIVORA.

Fam. Felidae.

Fells catus, L. — Wild Cat. Practically extinct now ; Gleniffer, Renfrew-
shire, 1895. Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 121.

Fam. Canidae.

*Canis lupus, L. — Wolf. Known from history and legend. Bones found

Ardrossan Shell-mound (?).
Canis vulpes, L. — Fox, c. ; not in islands. Eglinton Hounds (Ayrshire)

have killed 82 brace in one season ; on Benmore estate, Cowal, 149 were

killed between 1891-7.

Fam. Mustelidae.

Mustela martes, L. — Pine Marten. Very r. now ; Maybole, 1876 ; Minnoch

Water, 1878-9 ; Tarbet, 1882 ; Glenloin, Arrochar, 1882 ; Kilmory,

Ardrishaig, 1896.
M. putorius, L. — Polecat. Apparently extinct now ; last record Craigen-

feoch, Renfrewshire, about 1868.
M. erminea, L. — Stoat, c. ; in Bute, not Arran.
M. vulgaris, Erxl. — Weasel, c. ; in Bute, not Arran.
Meles taxus, L. — Badger, r. ; Dolphinton, 1890 ; Renfrewshire, 1893 and

1896; Loudon, Ayrshire, 1894; Arran, 1895 (introduced); Carluke and

Jock's Gill, Lanarkshire, 1896 ; Milton Lockharfc, Lanarkshire, 1897 ;

Murroch Glen, Dumbartonshire, 1899 ; Benmore, Cowal (now) ; Glen-

garnock, 1901.
Lutra vulgaris, Erxl. — Otter. Widely and gen. dist. in suitable waters and

on coast. Numerous recent records, including Glasgow (Clyde), 1899.

Fam. Ursidae.

*TJrsus arctos, L. — Brown Bear. Long extinct. Marked in Roy. Scot.
Geograph. Socy^s. Atlas, Plate VII., on Inchmurrin.

Fam. Phocidae.

Halichoerus grypus, (Fabr.} — Grey Seal. Kitchen-midden, Campbeltown ;

Sanda, about 1874 ; L. Cumbrae, 1900. Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1900,

p. 243.
Phoca vitulina, L. — Com. Seal. Freq. ; numerous recent records, e.g. herd

of over 30 off Troon, June, 1900.
[P. groenlandica, Fabr. — Harp-Seal ? Between Pladda and Ayrshire coast,

1899 ; shot but lost, F. G. Pearcy].

ORDER RODENTIA.

Fam. Sciuridae.
Sciurus vulgaris, L. — Squirrel ; c., absent in some localities, e.g. the islands.

Fam. Castoridae.

* Castor fiber, L. — Beaver. Remains in Ardrossan Shell-mound and Cleaves
Cove, Dairy. Introduced at Mount Stuart, Bute, 1874 ; died out by 1890.

Fam. Muridae.

Mus minutus, Pall. — Harvest-Mouse. Unknown ; nest taken Kilbarchan,
1895 (Paisley Museum) ; .also nr. Paisley. Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1898,
p. 112.

M. sylvaticus, L. — Wood or Long-tailed Field-Mouse, c. ; also in islands.

M. musculus, L. — House-Mouse, c.

t M. rattus, L. — Black Rat. Practically extinct ; recent specimens from
Glasgow, Greenock aud Paisley almost certainly introductions.

MAMMALIA. 157

t M. decumanus, Pall. — Brown Eat. Probably our commonest species, find-
ing a living on even the smaller islands, e.g. Glunimore, Kintyre.

Microtus agrestis, (L.) — Com. Field-Vole, c. ; also in islands.

M. glareolus, (Schreber.} — Bank- Vole. Little known ; Lesmahagow, 1866 ;
Paisley, 1891 ; Luss (recent). Guide to Nat. Hist, of Loch Lomond,I895,p. 17.

M. amph.ibi.US, (Z.) — Water- Vole, c. ; both brown and black vars. On islands
L. Lomond.

Fam. Leporidae.

Lepus europoeus, Pall. — Com. Hare. Fairly c. ; also in Bute and G.

Cumbrae ; introduced into Arran ; decreasing generally.
L. timidus, L. — Mountain Hare. On the hills in every country in the area,

and c. in many places ; 300 killed in one season on Misty Law Hills,
. Renfrewshire,
t L. cuniculus, L. — Rabbit. Shares with Brown Rat in being our commonest

species ; on the smaller islands also, e.g. Lady Island (Troon), and Sheep

Island (Kintyre). Not on Sanda.

ORDER UXGULATA.

Fam. Bovidae.

t ? Bos taurus, L. — White or Park-Cattle. Semi-domesticated ; the care-
fully preserved herd at Cadzow, now numbering about 50 head, is the
sole representative of this species in Scotland.

* B. primigenius, Bojanus. — Fossil Ox or Urus. Doubtfully historical ;
remains found in Glasgow ; Partick ; Jordanhill ; Carluke ; Paisley ;
Neilston ; Rothesay Bay ; Ardeer and Maybole within recent years.

*B. longifrons, Owen. — Celtic Shorthorn. Remains found in Glasgow ;
Gorbals ; Pollokshaws ; Dunibuck, Dumbartonshire ; Cleaves Cove ;
Ardrossan Shell-mound, Lochlee ; Crannog, and Kirkoswald, Ayrshire,
within recent years.

Fam. Cervidae.

Cervus elaphus, L. — Red Deer. Maintained in some of the Highland parts

of our area and in Arran, where fresh blood has been introduced.
t C. dama, L. — Fallow Deer. Semi-domesticated ; herds in many parks,

sometimes running wild.
Capreolus caprea, Gray. — Roe Deer. Not unc. in woodlands ; in Bute ;

extinct in Arran.
*Rangifer tarandus, (L.} — Reindeer. Doubtfully historical ; remains found,

Glasgow, Partick, Carluke, Drymen, Kilmaurs, and Lochlee Crannog.

Fam. Suidae.

*Sus scrofa, L. — Wild Boar. Remains found Dumbuck Crannog, Dum-
bartonshire.

ORDER CETACEA.

The want of authentic records for this order in indicated by what follows,
but reports of " whales" in Clyde waters are frequent. " Balaena mysticetus,
the Greenland Whale," and " Physeter microps, the Bluntheaded Whale" are
named for the Clyde in the new Statistical Account of Scot. (1845), vol. vii.,
but these are not included in this list.

Fam. Balaenidae.

[Balaenoptera musculus, L. — Com. Rorqual or Fin-Whale. Reported from
Loch Fyne and Kilbrannan Sd., by Walker, (1808), and new Stat. Acct.,
(1845) ; no capture known.

Remains from Tertiary deposits, Irvine Water, where they have
been found from 1790 onwards are thought bv Sir Wm. Turner ta

•/

belong to a Balaenoptera, but the species is not named.]

158 MAMMALIA.

B. rostrata, Fabr. — Lesser Rorqual or Pike Whale. One captured off Largs,
Augt., 1897. Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1899, p. 236.

Fam. Physeteridae.

Hyperoodon rostratus, Miiller. — Bottlenose Whale. Apparently not unc. ;
frequently reported. Captured, Row, 1792 (old Stat. Acct.) ; Gareloch,
1863 ; Loch Ranza, 1883 ; Port-Glasgow, 1896 ; Loch Long, 1898 ; and Ayr,
1899.

Fam. Delphinidae.

Phocaena communis, Lesson. — Com. Porpoise, c. ; all the year round.
[Orca gladiator, Gray. — Killer or Grampus. Reported but not captured,

Stat. Accts., 1793 and 1845, and Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 237.]
Lagenorhynchus albirostris, Gray. — White-beaked Dolphin. Apparently

not unc. ; frequently reported particularly in Autumn. Captured,

Kilbrannan Sd., 1874 (first Scottish record), 1894 and 1895 ; Bute, 1899.
L. acutus, Gray. — White-sided Dolphin. One captured, Loch Fyne ; Harvie-

Brown and Buckley's Vertebrate Fauna of Argyll and Inner Hebrides,

1892, p. 29.
[Delphinus delphis, L. — Com. Dolphin. Skull, apparently of this species in

Rothesay Museum.]
Tursiops tursio, Fabr. — Com. Tursio. One captured, Loch Long, 1879 ;

skull, etc., in Anatomical Museum, Edinburgh University.

PRE-HISTORIC SPECIES.

ORDER PROBOSCIDEA.

Elephas primigenius, Blumenbach. — Fossil Elephant or Mammoth. Bishop-
briggs ; Airdrie ; Cliftonhall ; Ballieston ; Kilmaurs ; and Dreghorn,
Ayrshire.

ORDER UNGULATA.

Equus caballus, L. — Fossil Horse. Bowling ; Irvine ; Neilston ; W. Kil-
bride ; Ardrossan and Paisley ; species not always certain.

CervilS giganteus, Blumenbach. — Gigantic Irish Deer or Elk. Paisley ;
Neilston, and Maybole.

BIRDS.
BY JOHN PATERSON, 82 Gumming Drive, Glasgow.

NOMENCLATURE FOLLOWED.

List of British Birds, revised to March, 1899, by Howard
Saunders, F.L.S., F.Z.S., etc.

(Gray) = Birds of the West of Scotland, or Birds of Ayrshire.
The records for Dumbarton and Argyll, especially the latter, are very
incomplete.

ORDER PASSERES.

Fam. Turdidae.

Turdus viscivorus, Linnaeus.— Mistle-Thrush. C.

T. musicus, Linnaeus. — Song-Thrush. C. Much scarcer in many localities
in winter.

T. iliacus, Linnaeus. — Eedwing. C. in winter, appearing in Oct.

T. pilaris, Linnaeus. — Fieldfare. C. in winter, appearing after the preceding.

T. merula, Linnaeus. — Blackbird. Abundant.

T. torquatus, Linnaeus. — Ring-Ouzel. Gen. dist. Scarce in some places
though locally c.

Saxicola oenantne (Linnaeus}. — Wheatear, C. End of March till Oct.

Pratincola rubetra (Linnaeus). — Whinchat. Gen. dist. and locally c. summer.
Appears second half of April.

P. rubicola (Linnaeus}. — Stonechat. Very scarce or r. inland. C. in bramble-
patches and whins on Ayr coast. Not so c. in Buteshire. A resident.

Ruticilla phoenicums (Linnaeus).— -Redstart. Summer visitor appearing
second half April. R. unless on migration in Renfrew and Ayr. Well-
known as nesting in Lanark and northern half of " Clyde."

Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus). — Redbreast. C.

Sylvia cinerea (Bechstein). — Whitethroat. C. summer visitor, usually ap-
pearing end of April.

S. curruca (Linnaeus). — Lesser Whitethroat. Very little positive evidence
of occurrence in "Clyde." V. Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1899, pp. 210-214.

S. atricapilla (Linnaeus). — Blackcap. Summer over whole area, scarcer than
S. hortensis.

S. hortensis (Bechstein). — Garden-Warbler. C. in summer.

Regulus cristatus, K. L. Koch. — Golden-crested wren. C.

Phylloscopus rufus (Bechstein). — ChiffchafF. C. in summer in Ayr, freq. in
W. Renfrew (Castle-Semple), infreq. E. Renfrew, r. Lanark, freq.
L. Lomond and Gareloch, occurs in Argyll, e.g. Benmore and Castle
Toward ; Bute and Arran.

160 BIRDS.

P. trochilus (Linnaeus). — Willow-Wren. Abund. in summer, appearing in

third week of April.
P. sibilatrix (Bechstein). — Wood-Wren. Gen. dist. summer woods and glens,

locally abund. e.g. oak-woods in Dumbarton and Argyll.
Acrocephalus phragmitis (Bechstein). — Sedge-Warbler. C. in summer,

appearing end of April or first days of May.
Locustella naevia (Boddaert).- -Grasshopper-Warbler. Thinly distributed

over "Clyde" in summer, appearing with great regularity 30th April or

1st May. Freq. in some places as at Beith, Ayrshire, where Messrs.

M. Barr and J. Craig found 4 nests in 1899.
Accentor modularis (Linnaeus). — Hedge-Sparrow. C.

Fam. Cinclidae.
Cinclus aquaticus, Bechstein. — Dipper. C., streams and rivers, all seasons.

Fam. Paridae.

Acredula rosea (Blyth). — British Long-tailed Titmouse. Freq.

Parus major, Linnaeus. — Great Titmouse. C.

P. britannicus, Sharpe and Dresser. — British Coal-Titmouse. Not r. in
mixed woods, c. in pine woods.

P. dresseri, Stejneger. — British Marsh-Titmouse. Ayr. pretty c. Lendalfoot
(Ch. Berry), where nest has been taken ; " seldom seen Beith " (Barr and
Craig), occurs in winter W. Kilbride. Renfrewshire " r. nr. Paisley '
(Paisley Nat. Ms.), occasional in E. of county. Well known in
orchard country of Lanark at all seasons. " Rather r." L. Lomond
(Lumsclen). " I have never seen it in Argyll" (the late Duke of Argyll
in Gould's Birds of Great Britain.)

P. caeruleus, Linnaeus. — Blue Titmouse. C.

P. cristatus, Linnaeus. — Crested Titmouse. Records for Argyll, Dumbarton,
and Lanark refer to first half of nineteenth centurv.

v

Fam. Troglodytidae.
Troglodytes parvulus, Koch. — Wren. C.

Fam. Certhiidae.

Certhia familiaris, Linnaeus. — Tree-Creeper. Gen. dist. but nowhere
numerous.

Fam. Motacillidae.

Motacilla lugllbris, Temminck. — Pied Wagtail. C.

M. alba, Linnaeus. — White Wagtail. A fairly c. bird of passage.

M. melanope, Pallas. — Grey Wagtail. C.

M. flava, Linnaeus. — Blue-headed Yellow Wagtail. Seen 4/98 at Cambus-

lang, Lanark.
M. rail (Bonaparte). — Yellow Wagtail. A summer visitor appearing about

21st April. C. in parts of Ayr, Renfrew, and Lanark. R. or absent in

northern half of " Clyde " and Bute.
Anthus trivialis, Linnaeus. — Tree-Pipit. Summer visitor appearing second

half April. C.

A. pratensis (Linnaeus). — Meadow-Pipit. C.
A. obscurus (Latham). — Rock-Pipit. C. by the shore.

Fam. Oriolidae.

Oriolus galbula, Linnaeus. — Golden Oriole. One killed, Arran, 1807.
(Fleming, History of British Animals).

Fam. Laniidae.

Lanius excubitor, Linnaeus. — Great Grey Shrike. Many occurrences are
recorded or known to the writer, but scarcely a regular winter visitor.

BIRDS. 161

[L. collurio, Linnaeus. — Red-Backed Shrike. Recorded by the writer as
having nested in Lanark. (Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. '93, p. 183), but I fear-
deception somewhere],

Fam. Ampelidae.

Ampelis garrulus, Linnaeus.~—Wa,xwmg. Scarce and irregular winter
visitor. A vast flock appeared in the haughs of Hamilton, winter 1782
(Stat. Ace. Lanarkshire, 1841, p. 262).

Fam. Muscicapidae.

Muscicapa atricapilla, Linnaeus. — Pied Flycatcher. One obtained 22/4/95,
Muirkirk, Ayrshire (Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 152).- At Ardpeaton,
L. Long, 24/8/1900, Mr. Wm. Evans's son and daughter saw a male.
M. grisola, Linnaeus. — Spotted Flycatcher. A c. summer visitor appearing
usually in first half of May. Reaches remote and barren places, e.g.
head of L. Doon.

Fam. Hirundinidae.

Hinmdo rustica, Linnaeus. — Swallow. C.

Chelidon urbica (Linnaeus). — House-Martin. C. locally.

Cotile riparia (Linnaeus}. — Sand-Martin. C. locally.

Fam. Fringillidae.

Ligurinus chloris (Linnaeus}. — Greenfinch. C.

Carduelis elegans, Stephens. — Goldfinch. In the beginning of last century

not unc. Judging from reports I conclude that a few pairs presently

nest in all counties in " Clyde," except Buteshire.
C. spinus (Linnaeus). — Siskin. Little known in "Clyde," and reports

generally speak of its rarity or scarcity. I have seen it in summer at

Luss, L. Lomond, where it will doubtless nest.
Passer domesticus (Linnaeus). — House-Sparrow. C.
P. montanus (Linnaeus). — Tree-Sparrow. Reported to Gray (Birds West

Scot., p. 140) to have occurred at Arrochar, L. Long. Has bred at

Ardrossan, Ayrshire (loc. cit., p. 512). "Nest in the hole of a cottage at

Amibank [Ayrshire], 3 eggs, 10/5/90" (W. C. S. Fergusson). Seen Jan.

1897, and Dec. 1898, in Carmichael Parish, Lanark (Rev. J. D. W.

Gibson, Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist,, 1897, 1899).
Fringilla coelebs, Linnaeus. — Chaffinch. C.
F. montifringilla, Linnaeus. — Brambling. A r. or unc. winter^visitor ;

appears in large numbers occasionally ; e.g. Ayrshire 1864 (Zoologist,

1865, pp. 9439, 42) ; Lanarkshire 1898-1899 (Annals Scot. Nat. Hist.,

1899, p. 109).
Linota cannabina (Linnaeus). — Linnet. Not r. but apparently scarcer than

formerly in many localities. Still quite characteristic of rough ground

on the shores of the Firth.
L. linaria (Linnaeus). — Mealy Redpoll. R. and uncertain; winter; Ayr

(Gray and Anderson) ; Renfrew (Morris Young) ; outskirts of

Glasgow (Gray) ; Lanark (Rev. J. D. W. Gibson).

L. mfescens ( Vieillot). — Lesser Redpoll. Gen. dist. but not c. unless locally.
L. flavirostris (Linnaeus). — Twite. Absent from large tracts of moorland

which might be supposed suitable to its tastes. A few here and there

throughout "Clyde" in nesting season. Not r. in flocks in the lowlands

in winter.

Pyrrhula europaea, Vieillot. — Bullfinch. Freq. in South half of area, com-
moner in North half.
Loxia curvirostra, Linnaeus. — Crossbill.
L. pityopsittacus, Bechstein. — Parrot-Crossbill. The Crossbill nested in

Girvaii valley 1864 (Gray), flocks in Glenapp 1883-4, and may have

L

162 BIRDS.

nested there next year (Rev. J. D. W. Gibson). In "many" parts of
Lanark in "considerable" numbers in breeding season (Gray, Birds
West of Scot., p. 153). May nest in small numbers at present in Arran,
Argyli, and L. Lomond. A Parrot-Crossbill, "one of a flock," killed at
Wemyss B. 1862 (Gray).

Emberiza miliaria, Linnaeus. — Corn -Bunting. Not infreq. in inland
localities. C. in sandy fields on the shores of the Firth.

E. citrinella, Linnaeus. — Yellow Bunting. C.

E. schoeniclus, Linnaeus. — Reed-Bunting. Freq.

Plectrophenax nivalis (Linnaeus). — Snow-Bunting. Winter visitor ; has
been seen on Corscrine bet. Ayr and Kirkcudbright summer (Robt.
Service) ; caught in rabbit-trap on Tinto, 16/9/97 (Rev. J. D.W. Gibson).

Fam. Sturninae.

Sturnus vulgaris, Linnaeus. — Starling. Rare as a breeding species in the
beginning of the nineteenth century, but now abundant almost every-
where and at all seasons.

Pastor roseus (Linnaeus). — Rose-coloured Starling. Two shot nr. Glasgow,
1853 (Gray), one in Cumbrae, 5th Aug. 1854 (Zoologist), one nr. Glasgow,
7th Aug. 1868 (Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, i., p. 229).

Fam. Corvidae.

Pyrrhocorax graculus (Linnaeus). — Chough. Formerly nesting inland and
sea-cliff's, now never inland, but freq. obtained during past decade in
S. Ayrshire nr. the sea. A skin of an adult Alpine Chough (P. alpinus,
Koch.) shot at Ballanhoe [Ballantrae ?], Scotland, in the Bree coll. in
possession of Yorkshire Phil. Soc.

Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus). — Jay. Formerly not r. in parts of Ayr,
Renfrew, and Lanark. Probably a pair or two survive in Ayr.; quite
extinct I believe in Renfrew and Lanark. Still well known about
L. Lomond and Benmore, Holy L.

Pica rustica (Scopoli). — Magpie. Freq. throughout Ayr., less so in Renfrew,
c. nr. Glasgow. Formerly c. in Bute (Colquhoun), now unknown.
Seldom in L. Lomond district (Lumsden).

Corvus monedula, Linnaeus. — Jackdaw. C.

C. corax, Linnaeus. — Raven. Freq. in mountainous districts and precipitous
cliffs by the sea.

C. corone, Linnaeus. — Carrion-Crow. Fairly c. except Renfrewand nr. Glasgow.

C. cornix, Linnaeus. — Hooded Crow. Has nested recently in extreme S. of
Ayr. (Rev. J. D. W. Gibson), Darvel (Robt. Wilson) and probably in
Clyde Isles where it is not r. R. in Renfrew and Lanark. Well known
in L. Lomond district.

C. frugilegus, Linnaeus. — Rook. Abund. most cultivated and some pastoral
districts.

Fam. Alaudidae.

Alauda arvensis, Linnaeus. — Sky-lark. C. Abuud. in fields nr. Glasgow.
[A. arborea, Linnaeus. — Wood-lark. Almost certainly the records of this

species in Statistical Account of Scotland, etc., refer to Tree Pipit, which

is known as "Wood-Lark" in many places.]

ORDER PICARIAE.

Fam. Cypselidae.

Cypselus apus (Linnaeus). — Swift. C. in summer, arriving about 1st May.

C. melba (Linnaeus). — Alpine Swift. One caught 25/8/1892 at Muirkirk,
Ayr. (Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 152). Rev. J. D. W. Gibson has no
doubt as to his identification of one he saw bet. Cronberry and Muir-
kirk, 28/7/1900.

BIRDS. 163

Fam. Caprimulgidae.

Caprimulgus europaeus, Linnaeus. — Nightjar. Pretty c. Ayr ; r. Kenfrew
and Lanark ; c. Arran ; occurs in Bute ; c. at Kyles of Bute (Eagle
Clarke) ; often on moors at L. Lomond (Lumsden).

Fam. Picidae.

lynx torquilla, Linnaeus. — Wryneck. One "was lately shot" Stat. Account,
Hamilton Parish, Lanark. 1841. Another shot nr. Garnkirk in first
week of Oct. (1871 ?) (Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, ii., p. 179).

Dendrocopus major (Linnaeus).— -Great Spotted Woodpecker. An occasiona1
winter visitor.

Fam. Alcedinidae.

Alcedo ispida, Linnaeus. — Kingfisher. Not unc. in Ayr, Renfrew, and
Lanark. Has nested at Brodick (Dr. Neil Fullartoti). Comparatively
r. L. Lomond (Lumsden) ; somewhat r. Inveraray ( Vert. Fauna of
Argyll, etc.).

Fam. Coraciidae.

Coracias garrulus, Linnaeus. — Roller. " . . . has been seen in this parish ;'
(Stevenston, Stat. Account of Ayrshire, 1837). One from Greenock
Harbour, 27/6/1847, in Mas. of Science and Art, Edinburgh. One shot
Biggar, Oct. 1866 (Gray), ami another observed by late Duke of Argyll,
at Inveraray, Feby. 1888.

Fam. Meropidae.

Merops apiaster, Linnaeus. — Bee-eater. One nr. Paisley, 8/1869 (Gray) ;
one Paisley Moss, about 1872 (A. Stevenson, Paisley Nat, MS. List).

Fam. Upupidae.

Upupa epops, Linnaeus. — Hoopoe. One shot Coylton, Ayr. 10/1836 (Mag.
of Geol. and Botany, i., p. 491) ; one at Dean Castle, Ayr., shot
" some years ago" (Kilmarnock Standard, 12/3/98). One shot Renfrew
(W. Small, Paisley Nat. MS. List). One 5/77, Arran (Pr. Nat. Hist.
Soc. Glas., iii., p. 225). One Cardross, Dumbarton, 1/1 1/ — ? (Op. cit., iv.,
p. 12). One nr. Campbeltown, 1887 (Op. cit., ii. (n. s.), p. xlv.).

Fam. Cuculidae.
Cuculus canorus, Linnaeus. — Cuckoo. Common.

ORDER STRIGES.

Fam. Strigidae.

Strix flammea, Linnaeus. — White or Barn-Owl. Freq., apparently c.
formerly.

Asio otus (Linnaeus). — Long-eared Owl. C.

A. acciptrinus (Pallas). — Short-eared Owl. Freq. autumn and winter. R.
as a breeding species.

Syrnium aluco (Linnaeus). — Tawny Owl. C.

Nyctea scandiaca (Linnaeus). — Snowy Owl. R. winter visitor, Ayr, 1 ;
Renfrew, 3 ; Dumbarton, 1 ; (Gray) ; one recently in Dumbarton,
(Mr. W. A. Donnelly).

Surnia funerea (Linnaeus). — American Hawk-Owl ;

S. lllula (Linnaeus). — European Hawk-Owl. Two seen in parish of Kil-
michael-Glassary about 1858 (Vert. Fauna Argyll, p. 101); one shot,
Maryhill, nr. Glasgow, 12/1863 ; one taken in the flesh to a Greenock
bird-stuffer, 10/1868 (Gray). The Maryhill spec, was " recognizable at a
glance as the American bird" (Dresser, Birds of Europe, v. v., pp. 310, 311).

164 BIRDS.

Bubo ignavus T. Forster. — Eagle-Owl. One trapped at Poltalloch, Argyll,
on our borders, 3/1882 (Pr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glas., v. p. 224).

ORDER ACCIPITRES.

Fam. Falconidae.

Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus). — Marsh-Harrier. Recorded for Luss Parish,
Dumbarton. (Rev. John Stewart, Stat. Account Scot., 1796.) One
trapped, Caldarvan, Dumbarton., 2/7/83 (Lumsden, Nat. Hist, of
L. Lomond, etc., p. 41).

C. cyaneus (Linnaeus). — Hen-Harrier. Formerly c. in wild tracts (351 killed
on Craiglure and Culzean estates, Ayr., from 1850 to 1854) ; now very r.
Arran is the only recent nesting locality reported to me.

C. cineraceus (Montagu). — Montagu's Harrier. Male shot nr. BalJantrae,
1836 (Thompson, Birds of Ireland, 1, p. 83) ; one shot, 6/1895, in Avon-
dale parish, Lanark. (Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 252).

Buteo vulgaris, Leach. — Buzzard. Still not r. in wild tracts, e.g. S. Ayrshire,
about L. Lomond and Cowal district of Argyll.

B. lagopus (Gmelin). — Rough-legged Buzzard. An irregular winter visitor.

Aquila chrysaetus (Linnaeus). — Golden Eagle. Formerly bred in S. Ayr-
shire, but not for about the past half-century. Nests in Arran at
present and probably on confines of Argyll and Dumbarton.

Haliaetus albicilla (Linnaeus). — White-tailed Eagle. Formerly bred in
Galloway and on Ailsa Craig. Now quite unknown in " Clyde."

Accipiter nisus, Linnaeus. — Sparrow-Hawk. Not r. in wooded districts.

Milvus ictinus, Savigny. — Kite. Formerly bred in Ayr, Arran, Argyll,
and Dumbarton ; was still c. in the last two in first half of nineteenth
century. Not known to breed anywhere in the area now. Two
stragglers reported from S. Ayrshire within the last dozen years ; one
shot and preserved.

Pernis apivorus (Linnaeus). — Honey-Buzzard. Four reported (1) Lanark.,
autumn, 1831 (Stat. Account, 1841) ; (2 and 3) Ayr., one trapped, 9/1863,
one shot, 9/1864 (Gray) ; (4) Renfrew., 1874 (Paisley Nat. Hist. Socy.
MS. List).

Falco candicans, Gmelin. — Greenland Falcon. One shot, Lanarkshire,
1835 (Gray).

F. islandus, Gmelin. — Iceland Falcon. One trapped, Glendaruel, Argyll,
1866 (Gray).

F. peregrinus, Tunstall. — Peregrine Falcon. Not yet very r. ; five or six
eyries in Ayr and several in Argyll and Dumbarton.

F. subbuteo, Linnaeus. — Hobby. There are old records of its occurrence in
Dumbarton and Arran, which should not be hastily dismissed, as it is

•/

known to have nested in Perth, in 1887. I have only seen one Clyde

example, from Fin try, 6/1894.
F. aesalon, Tunstall. — Merlin. Very unc. at present owing to unremitting

persecution.

F. tinnunculus, Linnaeus. — Kestrel. Fairly c.
Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus). — Osprey. Formerly nested at L. Enoch

(Robert Service) ; L. Doon (Gray) ; Inchgalbraith, L. Lomond ; no

recent authentic evidence of this species in " Clyde."

ORDER STEGANOPODES.

Fam. Pelecanidae.

Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus). — Cormorant. C. at all seasons all over
F. of Clyde ; has long been reported to nest on Ayrshire coast S. of
Ballantrae ; no recent information of it nesting on Ailsa Craig ; appears
frequently on inland lochs.

BIRDS. 165

P. graculus (Linnaeus).- -Shag. Not r. in Firth. Nests in S. Ayr. and on

Glunimore I., off Mull of Cantyre.
Sula bassana (Linnaeus). — Gannet. Thousands breed on Ailsa Craig.

ORDER HERODIONES.

Fam. Ardeidae.

Ardea cinerea, Linnaeus. — Common Heron. About ten heronries distributed

over "Clyde" with 8 nests or more (H. B. Watt, Trans. Nat. Hist.

Soc. Glas., iii. (N.S.), pp. 378-398).
Nycticorax griseus (Linnaeus). — Night-Heron. One shot " many years ago"

nr. Kilmarnock (Gray) ; one shot nr. the same town in 1888 (The Field,

21/11/1896).
[Ardetta minuta (Linnaeus). — Little Bittern. One reported shot nr. Egliuton

Castle recently, but not yet properly authenticated.]
Botaurus stellaris (Linnaeus). — Bittern. Probably a pair or two nested in

Clyde over a century ago ; since then only an irregular winter visitor.

ORDER ANSERES.

Fam. Anatidae.

Anser cinereus, Meyer. — Grey Lag-Goose.
A. albifrons (Scopoli). — White- fronted Goose.
A. segetum (Gmelin). — Bean-Goose.

A. brachyrhynchus, Baillon. — Pink-footed Goose. Examples of the above

four species of " Grey " geese have been obtained or recorded at rarr
intervals. Unfortunately owing to the absence of information regard-
ing the specific identity of the flocks of "Grey" geese seen from time to
time, and the extreme rareness of examples reaching bird-stuffers, there
are no data for a satisfactory comparison of the numbers of the various
species which visit " Clyde."
Bernicla leucopsis (Bechstein). — Barnacle-Goose.

B. brenta (Pallas). — Brent Goose. Gray stated that the former species

greatly outnumbered the latter in this region. The writer from obser-
vation and data communicated by correspondents has been led to a
contrary opinion. Both occur in the estuary, and the Brent Goose is
seen regularly in large flocks in the muddy bays S. of Fairlie.
Cygnus musicus, Bechstein. — Whooper Swan. An occasional winter visitor
to L. Lomond, the Clyde estuary, and Lochwinnoch.

C. bewicki, Yarrell. — Bewick's Swan. A winter visitor of uncertain

appearance ; recorded from Argyll, L. Lomond (several times) ; Hoggan-
field L. ; Lochwinnoch.

C. olor (Gmelin). — Mute Swan. Fairly c. in ponds and lochs.

Tadorna cornuta (S. G. Gmelin). — Common Sheld-Duck. C. in estuary and
Firth. Seems to have increased in numbers in the past decade and
extended its breeding range, which now includes L. Lomond (Lumsden).

Anas boscas, Linnaeus. — Mallard or Wild Duck. Common.

A. strepera, Linnaeus. — Gadwall. Very r., only two occurences known ;
one shot Tarbolton (Gray) ; one shot on L. Lomond recently, now in
Sir Geo. H. Leith Buchanan's collection.

Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus). — Shoveler. Appears regularly on spring mi-
gration on lochs nr. Glasgow. Has bred at L. Lomond ; two or three
pairs, I am informed, nest at Lochwinnoch.

Dafila acuta (Linnaeus). — Pintail. Scarce in winter, absent in summer. A
pair observed 2/5/1898 in E. Eenfrew (Eobert Wilson). Another pair-
seen 5/1901 by writer in E. Renfrew.

Nettion crecca (Linnaeus). — Teal. C.

166 BIRDS.

Mareca penelope (Linnaeus). — Wigeon. Abund. autumn to spring. Observed

in Renfrew and Lanark in midsummer, but not known to nest.
Fuligula ferina (Linnaeus). — Pochard. Fairly c. in winter and observed in

summer in Renfrew and Lanark, but not known to nest.

F. cristata (Leach). — Tufted Duck. C. in winter and nests in Renfrew, Lan-
ark, Dumbarton, and probably Ayr (at Kilbirnie).
F. marila (Linnaeus). — Scaup Duck. Great numbers in winter in estuary

and Firth of Clyde and freq. on lochs inland. Observed in Renfrew in

summer but not known to nest.
Clangula glaucion (Linnaeus). — Goldeneye. C. in winter. No occurrence in

the height of summer is known.
Harelda glacialis (Linnaeus). — Long-tailed Duck. In winter ; on L. Lomond

(Lumsden), and in the Firth at Bute in small parties (Evans).
Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus). — Common Eider Duck. Occurs in the

Firth but only rarely as far as is known.
Oedemia nigra (Linnaeus).- Common Scoter. Occurs in winter in estuary

and Firth but not c.
Oe. fusca (Linnaeus). — Velvet Scoter. Has occurred at Ardrishaig and the

Gareloch (Gray).
Mergus merganser, Linnaeus. — Goosander. In small parties on inland lochs

and in the estuary in winter.
M. serrator, Linnaeus.— Red-breasted Merganser. R. inland except on

L. Lomond where it breeds. C. in nesting season breeding in Bute and

Argyll and possibly in Ayrshire. C. in estuary in winter.
M. albellus, Lmnaeiis.--Sio.ew. R., only positively reported from L. Lomond.

ORDER COLUMBAE.

Fam. Columbidae.

Columba palumbus, Linnaeus. — Ring-Dove or Wood-Pigeon. C.

C. oenas, Linnaeus. — Stock-Dove. Observed in recent years in Ayr, Bute,

and Lanark, in all of which it probably nests. Eggs taken in Lanark.

1901 (Robert Wilson.)

C. livia, Omelin.— Rock-Dove. On coasts of Ayr, Bute, and Argyll.
Turtur communis, Selby. — Turtle-Dove. A few have occurred during the

past seventy years in Ayr and Dumbarton.

ORDER PTEROCLETES.
Fam. Pteroclidae.

Syrrhaptes paradoxus (Pallas). — Pallas's Sand-Grouse. This vagrant visited
"Clyde" 1863 (Renfrew), 1872 (Ayr), 1888 (Ayr, Bute, Argyll).

ORDER GALLINAE.

Fam. Tetraonidae.

Tetrao urogallus, Linnaeus. — Capercaillie. Introduced unsuccessfully in
Ayr and Argyll. Established in Arran. Has extended to Argyll,
Dumbarton, Stirling, and Lanark (Quarter). A straggler in Renfrew.

T. tetrix, Linnaeus. — Black Grouse. C.

Lagopus scoticus, Latham. — Red Grouse. C.

L. mutus (Montin). — Ptarmigan. Formerly in the south and in Arran.
Not unc. in Dumbarton (and Argyll ?).

Fam. Phasianidae.

Phasianus colchicus, Linnaeus.— Pheasant. C.
Perdix cinerea, Latham.— Partridge. C.

Coturnix communis, Bonnaterre. — Quail. Formerly not r. in Ayr. Has
bred in Lanark (Gray), and occurred in Argyll, Bute, and Renfrew.

BIRDS. 167

ORDER FULICARIAE.

Fam. Rallidae.

Crex pratensis, Bechstein.— -Corn-Crake or Land-Rail. C. in summer.
Porzana maruetta (Leach}. — Spotted Crake. Recorded from Ayr (twice),

Renfrew (Gray), Bute (on Pladda), Dumbarton (L. Lomond, several),

Argyll (marshes by the R. Add), on our borders.

P. bailloni (Vieillot). — Baillon's Crake. One Lochwiimoch, May, 1893.
Rallus aquaticus, Linnaeus. — Water-Rail. Frequently included in the

Statistical Account, 60 yrs. since ; still probably not r. Its habits rarely

bring it under notice.

Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus}. — Moor-hen. C.
Fulica atra, Linnaeus. — Common Coot. C.

ORDER ALECTORIDES.

Fam. Otididae.

Otis tarda, Linnaeus. — Great Bustard. Mentioned in the Statistical
Account of the parish of Maybole (1837). One found in the sea at
Irviue, 6/1895 (Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 253).

ORDER LIMICOLAE.

Fam. Oedicnemidae.

Oedicnemus scolopax (S. G. G'meh'n). — Stone-Curlew. One shot at Muir-
house, Stirling, Aug. 1895 (Annals Scot. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 225).

Fam. Glareolidae.

Cursorius gallicus (Gmeh'n). — Cream-coloured Courser. One shot near
Lanark, 7/10/1868 (Gray).

Fam. Charadriidae.

Eudromias morinellus (Linnaeus). — Dotterel. " Frequents the Kells Range "

betw. Kirkcudbright and Ayr (R. Service) ; shot nr. Glasgow (Gray) ;

Carluke parish, Lanark (D. Pringle) ; observed L. Ranza (MacGillivray) ;

Luss, Dumbarton (Stat. Account Scot., 1796).
Aegialitis hiaticola (Linnaeus). — Ringed Plover. C. by the sea, infreq. by

inland lakes, but observed there on passage.
Charadrius pluvialis, Linnaeus.— Golden Plover. C.
Squatarola helvetica (Linnaeus). — Grey Plover. Very r. Mr. Chas. Berry,

Lendalfoot, Ayr, has seen it twice or thrice, and has one which he shot.

Mr. Jolm Robertson has recorded one recentlv from E. Renfrew.

v

Vanellus vulgaris, Bechstein. — Lapwing. Abundant.

Strepsilas interpres (Linnaeus). — Turnstone. Middle of August till first
week in June on shores of Clyde. Abund. in some Iocs., as N. of
Girvan, in autumn ; nowhere r.

Haematopus ostralegus, Linnaeus. — Oyster-catcher. C. by the sea. Occa-
sional on inlaud lochs, breeds at L. Lomond.

Himantopus candidus, Bonnaterre. — Black-winged Stilt. One killed Port-
Glasgow, 1850 ; one seen Possil Marsh, 1867 (Gray).

Phalaropus fulicarius (Linnaeus). — Grey Phalarope. Occasionally in winter.

Scolopax rusticula, Linnaeus. — Woodcock. Frequent, nests sporadically
throughout the area.

Gallinago major (Gmeliii). — Great Snipe. Ayr (several), Argyll (two),
E. Renfrew (two), Dumbarton (two).

G. coelestis (Frenzel). — Common Snipe. C.

G. gallinula (Linnaeus).— -Jack Snipe. C. in winter.

Tringa maculata, Vieillot. — Pectoral Sandpiper. A female shot on L.
Lomond, 11/1882.

168 BIRDS.

T. alpina, Linnaeus. — Dunlin. C.

T. mimita, Leisler. — Little Stint. Has occurred in Ayr, Bute, and Dumbarton.

T. subarquata (Giildenstadt). — Curlew-Sandpiper. Has occurred in Ayr and
E. Renfrew in small numbers.

T. striata, Linnaeus. — Purple Sandpiper. A c. winter visitor to the British
coasts, but not so in Clyde ; regularly seen in some parts as S. Ayrshire
(Ch. Berry).

T. canutus, Linnaeus. — Knot. Usually in estuary and Firth of Clyde in
small numbers.

Calidris arenaria (Linnaeus}. — Sanderling. A regular bird of passage, but I
have never seen more than twenty-five in a flock.

Machetes pugnax (Linnaeus). — Ruff. Rather r., only about ten occurrences
known to the writer.

Totanus hypoleucus (Linnaeus). — Common Sandpiper. C. in summer.

T. glareola (Gmelin). — Wood-Sandpiper. One in autumn 1853, Renfrew
(Gray). One from Campbeltown sent to Small, Edinburgh, for pre-
servation Aug. 1856 ( Vert. Fauna Argyll, etc.). Two shot on L. Lomond
8/1872 and 10/1878 by Sir George H. Leith Buchanan.

T. ochropus (Linnaeus}. — Green Sandpiper. One shot 10/11/1868 in E. Ren-
frew, and another seen in its company (Gray). One shot Milngavie,
8/12/1894.

T. calidris (Linnaeus'). — Redshank. C.

T. fuscus (Linnaeus). — Spotted Redshank. Observed in autumn 1898 and
1899, Balgray Dam, E. Renfrew.

T. canescens (Gmeliri). — Greenshank. A tolerably regular bird of passage in
autumn at least.

Macrorhampus griseus (Gmelin). — Red-breasted Snipe. One shot Lanark
(Gray) ; one nearer Crinan than Poltalloch, Argyll (1891), (Annals Scot.
Nat. Hist. 1893, p. 45).

Lirnosa lapponica (Linnaeus). — Bar-tailed Godwit. Generally a regular bird
of passage ; a few may usually be seen at midsummer and mid-winter
in Bute.

L. belgica (Gmeliri). — Black-tailed Godwit. One shot spring of 1851 on
L. Lomond. Dumbarton 11/1867, one (Gray); Castle Sernple (Renfrew),
8/1869, one (Gray). Two in Renfrew 9/1899, one seen at Balgray (John
Robertson), and the other shot at Caldwell.

Numenms arquata (Linnaeus). — Common Curlew. C.

N. phaeopus (Linnaeus). — Whimbrel. A regular bird of passage.

ORDER GAVIAE.
Fam. Laridae.

Hydrochelidon nigra (Linnaeus), — Black Tern. Ayr, L. Lomond and L. Fyne
(Gray).

Sterna cantiaca, Gmelin. — Sandwich Tern. Formerly nested on Inch Moan,
L. Lomond. Seems r. in Clyde estuary at present.

S. dougalli, Montagu. — Roseate Tern. Originally described in 1812 from a
colony on the "Allans," Millport B., a haunt long since deserted. Later
there were colonies in Kilbrannan Sd., and on Inch Moan, L. Lomond
(Gray). Not now known in " Clyde."

S. fluviatilis, Naumann. — Common Tern.

S. macrura, Naumann. — Arctic Tern. These two said to have nested formerly
on Inch Moan, L. Lomond. At present a few pairs of "terns" are
resident there in summer. ? Whether both species are represented.
The former nesting on islets in Kyles of Bute within last two or three
years (Eagle Clarke). Both nest in considerable numbers on rocky islets
in L. Fyne and one or both probably on Barmore peninsula. The Common
Tern is decidedly the more c. of the two in Clyde generally I believe.

BIRDS. 169

S. miniita, Linnaeus. — Little Tern. Formerly nested on Inch Moan, L. Lom-
ond in small numbers (Gray). Occasionally seen and obtained in autumn

on Ayrshire coast.
Xema sabinii (J. Sabine). — Sabine's Gull. The late Duke of Argyll believed

he saw this species nr. Campbeltown 8/1894. One from Sliddery, Arran,

reached me in the flesh 24/9/1897.
Lams Philadelphia, Ord. — Bonaparte's Gull. One shot 4/1850, L. Lomond,

Sir Geo. H. Leith Buchanan.
L. minutus, Pallas. — Little Gull. Once obtained in Firth of Clyde (Selby, r.

Gray) ; once seen L. Lomond (Gray).
L. ridibundus, Linnaeus. — Black-headed Gull. Many "gulleries" in inland

localities. The large colony formerly occupying Inch Moan, L. Lomond,

was broken up about 1889.
L. canus, Linnaeus. — Common Gull. Nests at L. Doon (Eagle Clarke), Bute

and Inchmarnock (Robertson), and several rocky islets in L. Fyne. Fairly c.
L. argentatus, Gmelin. — Herring-Gull. A few pairs nest on Ailsa Craig,

Large colonies on Glunimore I., and Sheep I. off Mull of Cantyre.

Considerable flocks sometimes appear inland in winter.
L. fuscus, Linnaeus. — Lesser Black-backed Gull. Colonies on Ailsa Craig

and Inch Moan, L. Lomond. C. Glasgow Harbour, estuary and Firth

in summer. R. in winter.
L. marimis, Linnaeus. — Great Black-backed Gull. Nests on Glunimore I.

off Mull of Cantyre, and possibly Ailsa Craig. Not c.
L. glaucus, Fabricius. — Glaucous Gull.
L. leucoptems, Faber. — Iceland Gull. These two occasionally visit the

Firth in winter.
Eissa tridactyla (Linnaeus). — Kittiwake Gull. A very large nesting colony

on Ailsa Craig.

Pagophila eburnea (Phipps). — Ivory Gull. A r. winter visitor to the Firth.
Stercorarius pomatorhinus (Temminck). — Pomatorhine Skua.
S. crepid.atus (Gmelin). — Arctic or Richardson's Skua. These two occur

occasionally in passage in the Firth in about equal numbers.
S. parasiticus (Linnaeus). — Long-tailed or Buffon's Skua. An occasional

straggler. Shot, Dalserf parish, Lanarkshire, forty years since ; now in

Mr. Drummond Pringle's collection.

ORDER ALCAE.
Fam. Alcidae.

Alca torda, Linnaeus. — Razorbill. C. in estuary and firth, nesting on
Ailsa Craig.

[A. impennis, Linnaeus. — Great Auk. The claim of this extinct species
rests upon the bird which regained its liberty off the S. of Arran in
1821, and the tradition of one having been washed ashore nr. Gourock
about the same time, which may have been the same individual (Gray).]

IJria troile (Linnaeus). — Guillemot. C., many nesting on Ailsa Craig.

U. grylle (Linnaeus). — Black Guillemot. Two pairs at least nest on Gluni-
more I. off the Mull of Cantyre ; a few pairs almost certainly on the
cliffs in the S. of Ayr.

Mergulus alle (Linnaeus). — Little Auk. Occasionally in winter under stress
of weather.

Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus]. — Puffin. C. in the Firth in summer, many
nesting on Ailsa Craig.

ORDER PYGOPODES.
Fam. Colymbidae.

Colymbus glacialis, Linnaeus. — Great Northern Diver. Probably not r.
from autumn to spring in the Firth.

170 BIRDS.

C. adamsi, G. R. Gray. — White-billed Northern Diver. One shot at
Achaglachach, L. Fyne, autumn, 1893, identified by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe
(A Handbook to the Birds of Great Britain, iv., p. 304).

C. arcticus, Linnaeus. — Black-throated Diver. Probably not r. in the Firth
from autumn to spring.

C. septentrionalis, Linnaeus. — Red-throated Diver. Very c. in estuary and
Firth from autumn to spring. Has nested in Arran.

Fam. Podicipedidae.

Podicipes cristatus (Linnaeus). — Great-Crested Grebe. A few pairs have

nested for the past twelve years on lochs in E. Renfrew where the bird

is well-known. Still r. in other parts of Clyde.
P. griseigena (Boddaert). — Red-necked Grebe. R. ; has occurred in Lanark,

Renfrew and Ayr.
P. auritus (Linnaeus). — Slavonian Grebe. Unc., but a few have occurred all

over "Clyde."
P. fluviatilis (Tunstall).— Little Grebe. C.

ORDER TDBINARES.

Fam. Procellariidae.
Procellaria pelagica, Linnaeus. — Storm-Petrel. Occasionally after storms.

Has nested on Ailsa Crais;.
Oceanodroma leucorrhoa (Vieillot). — Leach's Fork-tailed Petrel. A few

have been found after storms.

Fam. Puffinidae.|

Puffinus anglomm (Temminck). — Manx Shearwater. Occasionally in the
Firth.

REPTILIA AND AMPHIBIA.
BY ALFRED BROWN, Luss.

•

KEPTILIA.

ORDER SAURIA.

Fam. Lacertidae.

Lacerta vivipara, Jacquin. — The Lizard or Ask. Gen. dist. throughout
district, in dry heathy places, stone heaps, walls, and ruined buildings.

ORDER SAUROPHIDIA.

Fam. Anguidae.

Anguis fragilis, Lin. — The Blindworm or Slowworru. Very c. amongst
dead wood and decayed leaves, quarry refuse, and stone heaps ; prefer-
ring dry situations.

ORDER OPHIDIA.

Fam. Colubridae.

[Tropidonatus natrix, Lin. — The Smooth or Kinged Snake. Several ex-
amples have been taken nr. Paisley, and seen in woods nr. Carluke,
Lanarkshire. These were probably all escapes.]

Fam. Viperidae.

Pelius benis, Lin. — The Adder or Viper. Not unc. in dry heathy places,
amongst old ruins, under fallen trees, and on dry sunny banks.

AMPHIBIA.

ORDER AXOURA.

Fam. Ranidae.

Rana temporaria, Lin. — The Frog ; c. everywhere in ditches, etc., fre-
quenting also high ground amongst heath and bog.

Fam. Bufonidae.
Bufo vulgaris, Laurenti. — The Toad or Paddock. Very c. everywhere ;

frequenting chiefly gardens, woods and hedgerows.
Bufo calamita, Laurenti. — The Natterjack Toad. Lately found near Inver-

kip by J. M. B. Taylor, Paisley. The only previous Scots record is from

Solway.

172 REPTILIA AND AMPHIBIA.

ORDER URODELA.

Fain. Salamandridae.

Molge cristata, Laurenti. — The crested or warty Newt. Very scarce and
local ; Campsie, in a deep well hole, somewhat numerous ; Fintry, in a
swamp ; Balfron, in a backwater of the Endrick ; Helensburgh, in a
quarry hole ; Anniesland, in a clay hole behind Gartnavel ; Carra-
dale Glen, Kintyre, in ditches ; Lendalfoot, Ayrshire ; Abbey Parish,
Paisley.

M. vulgaris, Lin. — The Common Newt. Abounds in ditches, ponds,
marshes, and quarry holes everywhere.

M. palmata, Schneider. — The Palmated Newt. Equally common with the
preceding species, and having a similar habitat.

THE MARINE AND FRESH- WATER FISHES.

BY THOMAS SCOTT, F.L.S., Fishery Board Laboratory, Aberdeen,

AND ALFRED BROWN, Luss.

NOMENCLATURE FOLLOWED.

A History of Scandinavian Fishes by B. Fries, C. U. Ekstrom, and C.
Sundevall, 2nd edit., revised by Prof. F. A. Smitt (1893-95).

ARRANGEMENT FOLLOWED.
Dr. Francis Day, The Fishes of Gt. Britain and Ireland, 2 vols. 1880-84.

AUTHORITIES WITH THEIR ABBREVIATED REFERENCES.

B. & S. = "A list of L. Fyne fishes," by Geo. Brook, F.L.S., and Thos. Scott,

F.L.S. (Fourth Ann. Rep. Fishery Ed. for Scot., 1886).
H. B. = J. A. Harvie-Brown, F.R.S.E., F.Z.S., and T. E. Buckley, B.A.,

F.Z.S., Vertebrate fauna of Argyll and the Inner Hebrides, 1892 (separate

reprint).
G.=Dr. A. C. L. G. GUnther, F.E.S., "Rep. on fishes obtained by Sir

John Murray on N. W. coast of Scotland" (Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin.,

vol. xv., 1888).

F. S. G. = Fishery Statistics of the Scottish Fishery Bd. S. S. ' Garland.'
M.= Records of the S. Y. 'Medusa,' obtained by Sir John Murray.
R. = Fishery-records of the late David Robertson, LL.D.,F. G. S.,Millport.
S.=Thos. Scott, F.L.S., (a) "Fishes of L. Fyne" (Fifteenth Ann. Rep. Fishery

Bd. for Scot., Pt. iii., 1897).
(b) " Fishes of the F. of Clyde ': (Eighteenth Ann. Rep. Fishery Bd. for

Scot., 1900).

SUB-CLASS TELEOSTEI.

ORDER ACANTHOPTERYGII.

Fam. Percidae.

Perca fluviatilis, Lin. — Perch ; c. low-lying lakes, ponds, and sluggish

streams ; usually absent from high-lying waters.
Polyprion americanum (Block.). — Stone Basse. One taken years ago at

mouth of Clyde (Aflalo), off L. Cumbrae 1870 (H. B., p. 184).

Fam. Mullidae.

Mullus barbatus, Lin. — Surmullet, Red Mullet. One L. Fyne (Capt-
Campbell of Inverneil, H. B., p. 185).

174 THE MARINE AND FRESH-WATER FISHES.

Fam. Sparidae.

Spams centrodontus, De la Roche. — Common Sea-bream. Cumbrae, one
(M. P. Bell R. in Proc. N. H. S. Glasg., vol. i., p. 119), E. L. Tarbert, 1886
one (S.).

Fam. Cottidae.

Cottus gobio, Lin. — Miller's Thumb. Upper Kelvin and tributaries ; Carmel
Water, Ayrshire (H. A. Woodburn) ; Dobbs Burn, nr. Paisley (J. M. B.

Taylor).

C. scorpius, Lin. — Sea Scorpion. Gen. dist., esp. inshore,
var. groenlandica. Occasionally obtained.

C. bubalis, Euphr. — Father Lasher. Mull of Kintyre, 60 f. ; Sd. of Sanda,
20 f. (G.) ; Little Harbour ; off Inveraray, L. Fyne (F. S. G.).

C. lilljeborgii, Coll.— Norway Bullhead. Off Ardrossan, 15-30 f. ; Sd. of
Sanda, 20 f. (G.).

Trigla lineata, Gfmel. — Streaked Gurnard. E. L. Tarbert, not c. (B. & S.) ;
r. (F. S. G.).

T. pini, Block. — Bed Gurnard. Occasionally, trawl (F. S. G.) lower estuary.

T. lucerna, Lin. — Sapphirine Gurnard. Ballantrae, in Salmon nets (Thomp-
son) (Day, vol. i., p. 62).

T. gurnardus, Lin. — Grey Gurnard ; c., and gen. dist., esp. during summer.

Triglops murrayi, Gilnther — Murray's Triglops. Mull of Kintyre, 64 f. ;
off Sanda I., 35 f. (G.) ; nr. Sanda, one in Shrimp- trawl (F. S. G., 11/96).

Fam. Cataphracti.

Agonus cataphractus (Lin.). — Pogge. Ardrishaig (Dr. Scouler) ; L. Fyne
and Clyde estuary occasionally (F. S. G.).

Fam. Pediculati.

Lophius piscatorius, Lin. — Angler-fish. Freq. (F. S. G.), esp. in deep
water ; sometimes 45 in. long.

Fam. Trachinidae.

[Trachinus vipera, Cuv. — Lesser Weaver. Arran, Landsborough's Nat.
Hist. Arran (1875), p. 318.]

Fam. Scombridae.
Scomber scombrus, Lin. — Mackerel. L. Fyne ; Clyde estuary ; sometimes

in L. Long and L. Goil.
Orcynus thynnus (Lin.). — Tunny. One, 9 ft. long, in Gareloch nearly opposite

Greenock, 7/31, (Day). One weighing 460 Ibs., at Inveraray in 1769,

(Pennant, ZooL, vol. iii., p. 268).

[Euthynnus pelamis, Lin. — Bonito. One in Clyde, July, 1832, (Scouler).]
Sarda pelamis (Briin.). — Belted Bonito. One, 1859, now in Hunterian

Museum.

Fam. Coryphaenidae.

Brama rail (Block.). — Ray's Sea-bream. Specimen in Hunterian Museum,
said to have been taken nr. Ayr, (H. B., p. 188).

Lampris pelagicus (Gunn.). — Opah or King-fish. One taken in Clyde in 1833,
(Scouler). One in 1864, in Hunterian Museum. One in L. Fyne early
in 1899, (Late Duke of Argyll, in letter to Rev. G. A. Frank Knight). '

Fam. Cyttidae.

Zeus faber, Lin. — John Dory. Off Rothesay, (H. B., p. 187) ; L. Fyne,
(B. & S.) ; Kilbrannan Sd., in Shrimp-trawl, (F. S. G.).

Fam. Gobiidae.

Gobius flavescens, Fabr. — Two-spotted Goby. L, Fyne (Scouler); amongst
zostera, E. L. Tarbert, (B. &S.); Clyde ; L. Fyne various parts (F.S.G.).

.THE MARINE AND FRESH-WATER FISHES. 175

G. niger, Lin.— Black Goby. Freq. (F. S. G.).
G. minutus, GmeL — Speckled Goby ; c. and gen. dist.

G. Jeffreys!!, Gilnther. — Jeffrey's Goby. Kilbrannan Sd., 6-18 f. ; off Whiting
B.. 20 f. ; off Cumbrae, 5(5' f. (G.).

Fam. Callionymidae.

Callionymus lyra, Lin. — Dragonet. Not unc. (F. S. G.).

C. maculatus, Bonap. — Spotted Dragonet. Kilbrannan Sd., rather abund.,
26 f. ; Sd. of Sanda, 24-28 f., (H. B., p. 194) ; occasionally in shrimp-
trawl (F. S. G.).

Fam. Discoboli.

Cycloptems lumpus, Lin. — Lumpsucker. Occasionally in trawl (F. S. G.) ;
young sometimes in tow -net.

Cyclogaster liparis (Lin.). — Sea-snail. Not unc., Clyde ; L. Fyne ; usually
in shall, inshore w.

C. montagui (Donov).— Montagu's Sucker. Not so c. as last ; habitat some-
what similar.

Fam. Gobiesocidae.

Lepadogaster gouanii (Lacep.). — Cornish-sucker. "Millport, Clyde," (H.B.).
L. bimaculatus, (Donov). — Doubly spotted sucker ; c. everywhere except

in mud.
Anarrh.ich.US lupus, Lin. — Cat or Wolf -fish. Not unc., Clyde ; L. Fvne,

(F. S. G.).

Fam. Blenniidae.

Blennius pholis, Lin. — Shannv. Clyde area (H. B., p. 185); nr. Millport
(Gray.).

Chirolophis galerita (Lin.). — Yarrell's Blemiy. E. L. Tarbert, one (B. & S.) ;
Ballantrae Bank, one, 1/99 (F. S. G.).

Pholis gunnellus (Lin.). — Butter-fish ; c. and gen. dist. esp. inshore amongst
weed and stones.

Enchelyopus viviparus (Lin.). — Viviparous Blenny. One near Row (E.).

Lumpenus lampretiformis ( Walb.). — Sharp-tailed Lumpenus. Bet. Cumbrae
and Skelmorlie, 20 f. ; off Cumbrae L. H., 60 f. (G.). Occasionally off-
shore in shrimp trawl (F. S. G.) ; a dozen have been taken in one haul.

Fam. Cepolidae.

[Cepola rubescens, Lin. — Red Band-fish. 7 mis. S. of Ayr (Harvie) ; beach
at Ballantrae after a storm (Thomp.). See H. B., p. 195.]

Fam. Atherinidae.

Atherina presbyter, Cuv. — Sand Smelt or Atherine. Freq. amongst zostera,
E. L. Tarbert, in spring 1885, but not later (B. & S.) ; Campbeltown L.
twice (Gray).

Fam. Mugilidae.

[Mugil capito, Cuv. — Grey Mullet. The "earstones" of one captured off

Fairlie are in the Robertson Museum, Millport.]
M. chelo, Cuv. — Thick-lipped Grey Mullet. Gregarious in estuaries of Clyde,

Leven, and some Ayrshire rivers ; advancing with tide to top of flood.

Fam. Gasterosteidae.

Gasterosteus aculeatus, Lin. — Three-spined Stickleback. Fairly freq. round
shores of Clyde estuary, also in F. W. lakes, ponds, etc., throughout district,
var. spiliulosa. L. Lomond with the other, r.

G. pungitius, Lin. — Ten-spined Stickleback. Mod. c. L. Lomond, Fossil
Marsh, etc.

Gastraea spinachia (Lin.). — Fifteen-spined Stickleback. Mod. c. round shores,
but more purely marine.

176 THE MARINE AND FRESH- WATER FISHES.

Fam. Labridae.

Labrus bergylta, Ascan. — Ballan Wrasse. Ayrshire (Thomp.) ; Clyde area

(H. B., p. 199) ; L. Fyne, freq. in autumn (B. & S.).
L. mixtus, Lin. — Striped Wrasse. E. L. Tarbert (B. & S.) ; Clyde area

(H. B., p. 199) ; Two, $ and $, in Ayr Bay, 30/1/1900 (R. Duthie, Fishery

Officer) !
L. (Crenilabrus) melops, Lin. — Goldsinny. Nr. Cairndow, 8/99 (F. S. G.) ;

Lamlash B., 6-18 f. (G.).
L. (Ctenolabrus) mpestris, Lin.— Jago's Goldsinny. c., esp. nr. Skate I.,

L. Fyne (B. & S.) ; Lamlash B., 6-18 f. ; bet. Cumbrae and Skelmorlie

Buoy, 20 f. (G.).

L. (Centrolabrus) exoletus, Lin. — Small-mouthed Wrasse. L. Fyne, occa-
sionally (B. & S.).
Coris julis (Lin.]. — Rainbow Wrasse. Clyde area (H. B., p. 200).

ORDER ANACANTHINI.

Fam. Gadidae.

Gadus callarius, Lin. — Cod-fish ; c. and gen. dist., esp. in seaward portion.

G. aeglefinus, Lin. — Haddock. More or less freq. and gen. dist.

G. luscus, Lin. — Bib, or Brassie. Fairly c. and gen. dist., esp. in seaward

part.
G. minutus, Lin. — Poor, or Power-cod. Not unc. in seaward part of

estuary (F. S. G.) ; Kyles of Bute, Arran, etc.
G. esmarkii, Nils. — Norway Pout. Kilbrannan Sd. to Lo. L. Fyne, not

unfreq. (G.) ; sometimes in shrimp-trawl (F. S. G.).
G. merlangUS, Lin. — Whiting. Mod. c. and gen. dist., esp. in seaward

portion of estuary.
G. poutassou (Risso.). — Couch's Whiting. Three in shrimp-trawl at mouth of

estuary, 54 f., 22/9/97 ! (F. S. G.).

G. virens, Lin. — Saithe, or Coal-fish. Mod. c. and gen. dist.
G. pollachius, Lin. — Lythe, or Pollack. Fairly freq. and gen. dist.
Merlucius merluccius (Lin.). — Hake. Freq. at all the "stations" in the

Clyde (F. S. G.).

Phycis blennoides (Briin.). — Greater Fork-beard. Nr. Cumbrae, 4/90 (R.).
Molua molva (Lin.}. — Ling. Not unc., sometimes in trawl-net (F. S. G.).
Onos mustela (Lin.}. — Five-bearded Rockling. E. L. Tarbert, bet. tide marks ;

not c. (B. & S.).

0. cimbrius (Lin.). — Four-bearded Rockling. Very c. and gen. dist. (G.).
0. tricirratus (Briin.). — Three-bearded Rockling. Rothesay B.; Up. L. Fyne

(F. S. G.), etc. ; r.
[0. maculatus, Risso. — Spotted Rockling. L. Fyne, 40 f. ; Mull of Kintyre,

65 f. (G.). " If this and 0. tricirratus be really distinct, the Clyde

specimens should perhaps be all included under the latter name " (S. b.)].
Raniceps raninus (Lin.). — Lesser Fork-beard. L. Fyne (Scouler).

Fam. Ophidiidae.

Ammodytes lanceolatus, Le Sauvage. — Greater Sand-launce. Occasionally
nr. E. L. Tarbert (B. & S.), nr. San da I. (G.), abund. at Lamlash.

Fam. Pleuronectidae.

Hippoglossus yulgaris, Flem. — Halibut. L. Fyne (B. & S.), occasionally ;

mod. freq. in sea-ward part of the estuary.
Drepanopsetta platessoides (Fabr.). — Long Rough Dab ; c. and gen. dist. esp.

in deep water.
Bothus maximus (Lin.). — Turbot. A regular fishery is carried on off Girvan.

Sometimes in Clyde and L. Fyne (F. S. G.).

THE MARINE AND FRESH-WATER FISHES. 177

B. rhombus (Lin.). — Brill. Dist. and freq. somewhat similar to turbot.
Zeugopterus punctatus (SI.). — Muller's Topknot. Clyde area, 60 f. (G.);

U. L. Fyne 10-25, f. (M.); Kilbrannan Sd., Ailsa Craig (F. S. G.).
Scophthalmus unimaculatus (Risso.). — One -spotted Topknot. One off Ar-

drossan, 10 f., 4/88 (G.). Several in a shallow sandy B. at Barmore,

L. Fyne, 1885 (B. & S.).
S. norvegicus (Giinther). — Ekstrom's Topnot. Off Cloch L. H., 43 f. ; Lamlash

B., 6-18 f. ; Kilbrannan Sd. (G.) ; trawl-net (F. S.G.), r.
Lepidorhombus whiff ( Walb.). — Sail-fluke or Whiff. Clyde area (G.) ; fairly

freq., esp. in seaward portion of estuary (F. S. G.).

Platophrys laterna ( Walb.).— Scald-fish. Clyde area (G.) ; sometimes Kil-
brannan Sd., etc. (F. S. G.).
Pleuronectes platessa, Lin. — Plaice. Mod. c. and gen. dist., esp. on sandy

bottom ; ascends most tidal rivers, and is occasionally obtained in L.

Lomond.
P. microcephalus, Donovan. — Lemon or Smooth Dab. Fairly freq. and

gen. dist.
P. cynoglossus, Lin. — Witch-sole, or Pole Dab. Very c. in deeper parts of

estuary.

P. limanda, Lin. — Common Dab. c. and gen. dist.
P. flesus, Lin. — Flounder or Fluke ; c. and gen. dist. ; ascends most tidal

rivers, and frequents some lakes as L. Lomond, where it is not unc.
Solea vulgaris, Guensel. — Black-^ole. Occasionally ; esp. in sea-ward portion

(F. S.G.).
S. variegata, Donov. — Variegated-sole, or Thickback. Mull of Kintyre, 65 f.,

(G.) ; nr. Sanda L, 15/6/99 (F. S. G.) ; r.
S. lutea, Risso. — Solenette. Nr. mouth of estuary, r. (F. S. G.).

ORDER PHYSOSTOMI, Midler.

Fam. Salmonidae.

SalniO salar, Lin. — Salmon ; c. in estuary, and all larger rivers ; also Lochs
Eck, Lomond, Doon, Dhub, and lorsa.

S. trutta, Lin. — Sea Trout. Very c. Distribution same as S. Salar, but
penetrating into higher and smaller waters.

S. eriox, Gmel. — Grey Salmon or Bull Trout. Scarce. Occasionally in L.
Lomond and the Ayrshire rivers.

S. levenensis, Walker. — Loch Leven Trout. Introduced in many smaller
lakes, e.g. Cochno, Craigallian, Castle Senrple, etc. ; in most of which it
thrives.

S. fario, Lin. — Brown Trout. Very abuud. in almost every stream and lake.

[S. ferox, Jardine. — The Ferox, or Great Lake Trout (doubtless a var. of
fario) said to inhabit L. Lomond. No satisfactory authority for this.]

S. lemanus, Noreau. — Geneva Lake Trout. Introduced many years ago in
L. Lomond ; now very r.

S. estuarius, Knox. — Estuary Trout. Not unc. in tidal waters at mouths of
streams. Merely a var. of. fario.

S. umbla, Lin.— Char. Scarce.' Only record, L. Doon, Ayrshire, where it
is now.

S. fontinalis, Mitchell. — American Brook Trout. Introduced in many small
lakes throughout district, also in L. Lomood where it still maintains its
identity, but has not thriven. Has been distributed throughout Ren-
frewshire and Ayrshire, and is thriving in Rivers Ayr and Irvine, and
the Waters of Borland, Kilmarnock, Cessnock, Carmel, and Alnwick
(H. A. Woodburn).

Osmerus eperlanus (Lin.). — Smelt. One taken with mussel-bait, Brodick,
10/88 ; not unc. (H. B., p. 218).

M

178 THE MARINE AND FRESH-WATER FISHES.

Coregonus levaretes (Lin.). — Powan or Fresh- water Herring. Very c.
L. Eck ; exceedingly c. L. Lomond, attaining over 3 Ibs. weight.

Thymallus vulgaris, Nils. — Greyling ; c. in upper reaches of Clyde, intro-
duced many years ago ; frequents also Rivers Ayr, Lugar (H. A. Wood-
burn) ; Gryffe, and Greenburn (J. M. B. Taylor).

Argentina sphyraena, Lin. — Hebridean Smelt. Not unc., esp. in deep
water (G., F. S. G.).

Fam. Esocidae.

Esox lucius, Lin. — Pike ; c. most lakes, ponds, canals, and sluggish streams.

Fam. Scombresocidae.
Rhamphistoma belone (Lin.). — Garpike. One 28 in. long, off Dunoon, 25/5/77

(Dr. R. P. Fleming) ; occasionally in shoals (H. B., p. 212).
*Scombresox saurus ( Walb.). — Saury Pike. Clyde (H. B., p. 212).

Fam. Cyprinidae.

Cyprinus carpio, Lin. — Carp. Various ponds doubtless introduced.
C. auratus, Lin. — Goldfish. Semi-domesticated ; waste ponds nr. Paisley

and elsewhere in that district, where it breeds freely.
Leuciscus rutilus (Lin.). — Roach or Braise ; c. gregarious ; low-lying lakes

and ponds ; some streams, e.g. Clyde (above Glasgow), Kelvin, Endrick,

Leven, and their tributaries ; and in all canals.
Phoxinus aphya (Lin.). — Minnow. — Very c. and gregarious in most clear

streams and lakes in Lanark, Renfrew, Ayr, and Dumbarton ; gen.

absent from Argyllshire and Arran, except where introduced.
Tinea vulgaris, Flem. — Tench. Scarce and local. L. Lomond and R. End-
rick ; probably nowhere else.
Cobitis barbatula, Lin. — Loach or Beardie. Shallows of streams and lakes

throughout district ; fairly c.

Fam. Clupeidae.

Clupea harengus, L. — Herring. Abund., F. of Clyde ; L. Fyne.

C. sprattus, Lin. — Sprat. Not unc. in Clyde ; frequently mistaken for
young herrings, so their numbers and distribution are somewhat un-
certain.

C. alosa, Lin. — Allis Shad. Large specimens in L. Fyne 1888, (H. B., p. 221).
A fine specimen in seine-net off Ross, winter 1894 (Gray).

Fam. Muraenidae.
Anguilla vulgaris, Leach. — Eel. Very c., all lakes, ponds, canals and

streams ; occasionally in " Shrimp-trawl," inshore L. Fyne, (F. S. G.).
A. latirostris, Risso. — Yellow broad-nosed Eel. Is now generally considered

a form of the Common Eel. Both are about equally abund.
Conger niger (Risso). — Conger. Occasionally in trawl-net in various parts of

the Clyde (F. S. G.) ; Lunderston B. bet. tide-mark.

ORDER LOPHOBRANCHII.

Fam. Syngnathidae.

Syngnathus typhle, Lin.— Broad-nosed Pipe-fish. E. L. Tarbert (B. & S.) ; r.

S. acus, Lin. — Great Pipe-fish. Not unc. in Clyde and L. Fyne.

Nerophis aequoreus (Lin.).— Straight-nosed Pipe-fish. E. L. Tarbert,
(B. & S.) ; Cumbrae (R.) ; r.

N. lumbriciformis, ( Will.).— Worm Pipe-fish. E. L. Tarbert (B. & S.) ; Lun-
derston B. (S.) ; Campbeltown L. (F. S. G.).

Hippocampus antiquorum, Leach. — Sea-horse. Kilbrannan Sd. ; Fairlie
Sands, (Gray, v. S. &., p. 289).

THE MARINE AND FRESH-WATER FISHES. 179

ORDER PLECTOGNATHI.

Fam. Gymnodontes.

Orthagoriscus mola, (Lin.). — Short Sun-fish. One off Greenock Esplanade,
10/9/81, 7 ft. 9 in. long, and 3 ft. 9 in. high, and weighed about a ton
(J. M. Campbell.).

SUB-CLASS CHONDROPTERYGII.

ORDER GANOIDEI.

Fam. Acipenseridae.

Acipenser Sturio, Lin. — Sturgeon. Often noticed in L. Fyne during herring
fishery, seldom captured (B. & S.) ; Carradale ; Penimore B. (Gray, v.
S. &., p. 289).

ORDER ELASMOBRANCHII.

Fam. Carchariidae.

Carcharias glaucus (Lin.). — Blue Shark. L. Fyne (H. B., p. 177). One

stranded Ayr Bay, 9/99 (H. B. Watt).
Galeorhinus galeus (Lin.).— Tope. Several landed at Girvan, 12/99 (S. &.,

p. 290).

Fam. Lamnidae.

[Alopias vulpes (Gmel). — Thraser or Fox-Shark. L. Fyne, bet. Crarae and
Cas. Lachlan (Capt. Campbell, F. S. G., S. b., p. 290.)]

Cetorhinus maximus (Gunn.). — Basking-Shark. Young specimen, 8 ft. long.
Captured in Maidens B., nr. Turnberry (Scotsman, Sept. 26th, 1898 ; con-
firmed by Fishery Officer, Girvan). Vide also Landsborough, Nat. Hist,
of Arran, pp. 95, 96.

Fam. Scylliidae.

Scylliorhinus canicula (Lin.).— Lesser-spotted Dog-fish, or Rough-Hound.

Sd. of Sanda (G.). Occasionally, esp. in seaward part of estuary

(F. S. G.).
Pristiurus catulus (Gunn.). — Black-mouthed Dog-fish. U. L. Fyne, 37 f.

(G.). Occasionally in deep water, bet. Arran and Turnberry (F. S. G.).

Fam. Spinacidae.

Sqiialus acanthias, Lin. — Picked Dog-fish. Sometimes in Clyde and
L. Fyne, esp. during herring fishing.

Fam. Rhinidae.

Rhina sonatina (£«?,). — Angel-fish. F. of Clyde. Not unc., freq. after gales

(Norman, Zool., v. xv., p. 5366. Occasionally trawled on Ballantrae

Bank (Wright of Barrow in Furness).

Raia batis, Lin. — Grey Skate. Mod. c., and gen. dist., esp. off shore.
R. intermedia, Parnell. — Flapper Skate. Bet. Sanda and Ailsa Craig (G.).

deep water E. of Arran ; nr. Ailsa Craig (F. S. G.).
R. oxyrhynchus, Lin. — Long or Sharp-nosed Skate. Two small specimens in

deep water E. of Arran (F. S. G.). One, 51 in. long, captured in Clyde, was

brought to Girvan, 1/2/1900 (Duthie, Fishery Officer).
R. fullonica, Lin. — Shagreen or Fuller's-ray. L. Fyne, off Skate L, 100 f . ;

Kilbrannan Sd., 20 f. (G.). Occasionally (F. S. G.).
R. clavata, Lin. — Thornback-ray. Fairly c. and gen. dis.
R. maculata, Mont. — Spotted, or Homelyn-ray. Bet. Cumbrae and Wemyss

Pt., 30-40 f. ; Sd. of Sanda, 20 f. ; off Ardrossan ; Whiting B. (G.),

occasionally (F. S. G.).
H. circularis, Couch. — Cuckoo or Sandy-ray. Sd. of Sanda, 20 f. (G.) ; not

very r. in seaward portion (F. S. G.).

180 THE MARINE AND FRESH-WATER FISHES.

SUB-CLASS CYCLOSTOMATA.

Fam. Petromyzontidae.

Petromyzon marinus, Lin. — Sea Lamprey. Very r. Occasionally frequents

R. Leven, and tributaries of L. Lomond ; ascending from sea in pairs to

spawn.
P. fluviatilis, Lin. — River Lamprey ; c. in most streams and lakes. Not

migratory, and does not spawn in pairs, but promiscuously in groups of

from 10 to 30 individuals.

•

Fam. Myxinidae.

Myxine glutinosa, Lin. — Hag-fish, Rothesay ; said to be numerous off
Girvan, and destructive to line-fishes (H. B., p. 225).

SUB-CLASS LEPTOCARDIL

Fam. Cirrhostomi.

Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas). — Lancelet, or Amphioxus ; nr. L.
Cumbrae (K.) ; bet. L. Cumbrae and Hunterston (Gray), (v. H. B.
p. 225, Landsborough, etc.)

TUNICATA.

BY JAMES RANKIN, B.Sc., M.B., C.M., Zoological Laboratory,

The University, Glasgow.

CLASSIFICATION.
Herdman, Prof. W. A., F. R. S., Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xxiii.

ABBREVIATIONS.
H. = Herdman.
R. = Ran kin.

M. = ' Medusa ' records of Sir John Murray,
c. = common. 1. w. = low water mark, etc.

ORDER I. ASCIDIACEA.
Sub-order I. Ascidiae Simplices.

Fam. I. Molgulidae.

Eugyra glutinans, Moll. — Duuoon Basin, Centre, 10-15 f. (M.) ; Lamlash B. ;

L. Eanza, (H.).

Molgula oculata, Forb. — Lamlash B. ; L. Ranza, (H.).
M. Holtiana, Herdm. — Cumbrae, littoral, (R.).
M. citrina, Aid. and Han. — Lamlash ; Bute, etc. (H.).

Fam. II. Cynthiidae.

Cynthia echinata, L. — Sanda to Achahoan, 22 f. (M.) ; off Skate I.,
80-100 f. (M.) ; Castle B., L. Cumbrae (Gemmill) ; L. Fyne ; Lam-
lash, (IL).

Pelonaia glabra, Forb. and Goods. — Rothesay B., 7 f. (Forb. and Goods.
Br. Mollusca, vol. i.)

Styela mstica, L. — Sanda to Achahoan, 19-22 f. ; off Skate I., 80-100 f. ;
L. Goil, 24-40 f. ; L. Striven, Centre, W. and E. sides, 10-40 f. ; Upper
L. Fyne, 10-70 f. (all M.).

Styelopsis grossularia, Van Ben. — Abund.

Polycarpa pomaria, Sav. — Dunoon Basin, 40 f. (Hoyle) ; L. Goil, 35 f.
(Hoyle) ; Lamlash B. ; Tarbert (H.) ; off Sheep L, 25 f. (E.).

P. comata, Alder. — Lamlash B. ; Tarbert, (H.).

P. quadrangularis, Forbes. — L. Fyne, 80 f., bet. Tarbert and Ardrishaig, (H.
J. L. S., vol. xxiv.) ; L. Fyne, 30 f. (Forb. and M'Andrew) (Br.
Jfollusca, vol i.).

Fam. III. Ascidiidae.

Corella parallelogramma, 0. F. H. — Gen. clist., 15-65 f. Very c. in Millport

waters.

A. venosa, 0. F. M.— Tarbert, (H.).
A. triangularis, Herdm. — Lamlash B., 10-20 f. (H. J. L. S., vol. xv.).

182 TUNICATA.

Ascidiella virginea, 0. F. M. — Abund., gen. dist.

A. aspersa, 0. F. M.—L. Eanza ; off Tarbert (H.) ; L. Long (H. J. Z. S.t

vol. xv.) ; aculeata form, Lamlash B., 5-15 f. (H. J. L. S., vol. xxiv.).
A. scabra, 0. F. M.— Tarbert ; Lamlash (H.) ; Millport, 1. w. (E.) ; Inch-

marnock Basin, 45-104 f. (Hoyle) ; not unc.
Ascidia conchilega, 0. F. M.— Off Skelmorlie, 20 f. (Maclaren) ; Kildalloig B.,

S. of Davaar, 14-16 f. (E.).
A. mentula, 0. F. M. — Abund., gen. dist.
A. plebeia, Aid.— Off Skate L, 80-100 f. (M.) ; off Lion Eock, Millport,

12-15 f. (E.) ; The Eileans, 1. w. (E.) ; bet. Davaar and Sanda, 21-26 f.

(E.); Kilchattan B. ; off Tarbert, (H.).
A. fumigata, Grube. — Millport, 1. w. (E.).
A. producta, Hanc.—Q. L. Tarbert, on stones below extreme 1. w. (H.

J. L. S., vol. xxiv.).

A. lata, Herdm. — Upper end of L. Long, 5-10 f. (H. J. L. $., vol. xv.).
A. fusiformis, Herdm. — Upper end of L. Long, 5-10 f. (H. J. L. S., vol. xv.).
A. Patoni, Herdm. — Upper end of L. Long, 5 f. (H. J. L. S., vol. xv.).
A. truncata, Herdm. — Upper end of L. Long, 5 10 f . (H. J. L. S., vol. xv.).
A. muricata, Heller. — Lamlash B., 15 f. (H. J.L.S., vol. xv.).
A. obliqua, Alder. — Lamlash B., 20 f. (H. J. L. S., vol. xv.).
A. depressa, Alder. — Extreme 1. w. nr. King's Cross P., Lamlash B. (H.

J. L. S., vol. xv.) ; off Kilchattan B. (H.).
A. exigua, Herdm. — Lamlash B. 10 f. (H. ./. L. S., vol. xv.).
A. arachnoidea, Forbes. — Lamlash B. (Alder. Br. Mollusca, vol. i.).

A. Normani, Aid. and Han. — F. of Clyde (Eobertson, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol.

vi., 1870).
Ciona intestinalis, L. — Mod. c.

Fam. IV. Clavelinidae.

Clavelina lepadiformis, O. F. M. — Lamlash and Eothesay B. (Alder. Br.
Mollusca, vol. i.) ; Lamlash B. ; L. Eanza ; Tarbert, (H.).

C. Savigniana, M.-Edw. — Castle B., L. Cumbrae, 12 f. (Gemmill).

Sub-order II. Ascidiae Compositae.

Fam. I. Botryllidae.
Botryllus Schlosseri (Pallas) Sav. — Millport, shore, (E.) ; Lamlash B. (H.).

B. smaragdus, M.-Edw. — Lamlash B., etc. (H.).
B. violaceus, H. M.-Ediv. — Lamlash B., etc. (H.).

Botrylloides rubrum, H. N.-Edw. — Castle B., L. Cumbrae, extreme 1. w.
(Gray); Lamlash ; Tarbert, etc. (H.).

Fam. III. Polyclinidae.

Glossophorum variabile, Rankin.— Millport, 1. w. (E.).

Psammaplidium molle, Rankin. — Millport, 1. w. (E.).

Amaroucium punctum, Giard. — (?) L. Cumbrae, 12 f. (Gemmill).

A. proliferum, M.-Edw. — Lamlash ; Tarbert, (H.).

A. argus, M.-Edw. ( = Morchellium argus, M.-Edw.}. — Lamlash ; Tarbert, (H.).

Fam. IV. Didemnidae.

Didemnum niveum, Giard. — Millport, shore, (E.).

D. inarmatum, v. Dr. — (?) Millport, shore, (E.).

Pseudo-didemnum gelatinosum, M.-Edw. — Lamlash ; Tarbert, etc. (H.).
Leptoclinum. Several sp. Lamlash, etc. (H.).

ORDER III. LARVACEA.
Fam. Appendiculariidae.

Oikopleura dioica, Fol. — Millport (E.) ; Lamlash, (H.).

0. flabellum, J Mull. — Upper and Lower L. Fyne, (Scott, F. B. Report, 1896).

Fritillaria.— Sp. ? Millport (E.) ; off Pladda (Maclaren) ; Lamlash B. (H.).

THE LAND AND FRESH- WATER MOLLUSC A.
BY THOMAS SCOTT, F.L.S., Aberdeen.

ARRANGEMENT AND NOMENCLATURE.

LIST of British Land and Fresh-water Mollusca, prepared by a Committee
of the Conchological Society of Gt. Britain and Ireland (•/. of Conch, vol.
vii., p. 49-66, 1892.).

AUTHORITIES AND REFERENCES.

(B.) = Binnie, F. G., "List of the L. and F. W. Mollusca of Clydesdale."

(Fauna and Flora of the West of Scotland, 1876).
(C.) = " Census of Scottish L. and F. "W. Mollusca," by W. Denison Roebuck,

(Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin. Proc., vol. x., (1891), p. 437-503).
(D.) = Dougall, John, "The L. and F. "W. Mollusca found within ten miles of

Glasgow," (N. H. Soc. Glasg. Trans., vol. i., p. 188, 1867).
(E.) = Evans, Wm., F.R.S.E., MS. List of Clydesdale Mollusca.
(G.)= Scott, Thos., F.L.S., "On the L. and F. W. Mollusca of Greenock,"

(N. H. Soc. Glasg. Trans., 1886, vol. i., (N. S.), p. 279).
(H.) = Haddin, Win., "On the distribution of the Helicidae in Bute, and

in the vicinity of Largs," (N. H. Soc. Glasg. Trans., vol. i., p. 247,

1869).

(K.) = Knight, Rev. G. A. F., MS. List of Clydesdale Mollusca.
(N.) = " Supplementary Lists of L. and F. W. Mollusca," by W. D. Roebuck,

(Ann. of Scot. Nat. Hist.}.
(S.) = Scott,'Thos., F.L.S., "The L. and F. W. Mollusca of Bute," (N. H. Soc.

Glasg. Trans., 1881, vol. ii. (N. S.), p. 125, vol. iii., 1891, p. 170).
(T.)=Scott. Thos., F.L.S., "Preliminary notes on the L. and F. W. Mollusca

about Tarbert, L. Fyne," (J. of Conch., vol. v., 1886, p. 72).
OV.) = Watt, Hugh Boyd, MS. List of Clydesdale Mollusca.
M. = Marsh; Cnl.= Canal; Gl.=Glen; Wd. = Wood; C,=Common;

R. = rare, etc.

CLASS CEPHALA.

Sub-order Pulmonata.
Fam. Arionidae.

Arion ater (Lin.}. — C. and gen. clist.

var. succinea. Garscadden ; nr. Skelmorlie ; Maybole (C.).

var. nigrescens. Garscadden ; Bute ; E. Tarbert (C.). (Neither of these

var names occur in Conch. Soc. list).

A. subfuscus, Drap. — Dunoon ; Bute ; E. Tarbert (C.), bet. Elvanfoot and
Leadhills (E.).

184 THE LAND AND FRESH- WATER MOLLUSC A.

A. hortensis, Per. — Fossil M. ; Sheilhill Gl. ; nr. Greenock, Hunters' Quay ;

Bute ; Girvan (C.).
A. minimus, Simroth. — Hunters' Quay; nr. Skelmorlie; Greenan L., Bute (C.) ;

bet. Elvanfoot and Leadhills (E.).
A. circumscriptus, Johnst. — Fossil M. ; Dumbarton Rock ; Sheilhill Gl. ;

Dunoon ; Bute ; W. Kilbride ; Girvan (C.) ; Arran (N., 1895) ; Faslane

B., Gareloch (K.).

Fam. Limacidae.

Amalia gagates (Drap.). — C. nr. Aquarium at Rothesay (C.).

A. sowerbyi (Fer.). — Greenock ; Rothesay (C.), Eilean Aoidh, Minard (W.),

(vide J. ofConchoL, 1892, p. 68).
Limax maximus, Lin. — Nr. Forth and Clyde Cnl. by Maryhill ; Greenock (C.).

var. cellaria, D'Arg. — Greenock ; Gl. App., nr. Ballantrae (C.).

var. cinerea, Moq. — Greenock ; Dunoon (C.).

var. fasciata, Moq. — Greenock ; Dunoon ; Rothesay ; Maybole (C.).
L. cinereo-niger, Wolf. — Nr. Brodick (N., 1895).

L. marginatus (Mutt.). ( = L. arborum, B.-Ch.) — C. (B.) ; Cloch, etc. (G.) : On
beech trees nr. Rothesay, freq. (S.) ; Tarbert (T.) ; Arran (N., 1895) ;
bet. Elvanfoot and Leadhills (E.).
L. flavus, Lin. — R. Greenock, etc. (G.) ; c. Sugar Refinery, Baker St. (C.).

var. griseasea. Greenock, in same locality with type (C.).
Agriolimax agrestis, Lin. — C. and gen. dist.
A. laevis, Mi'dler. — Locally freq.

Fam. Vitrinidae.

Vitrina pellucida (Mull.). — Widely dist., more or less freq., Lanark ;
Greenock ; Largs ; Bute ; Arran (C.).

Fam. Zonitidae.

[Hyalinia draparnaldi (Beck). — Rothesay, prob. this species (C.).]
H. cellaria (Miill.). — Mod. c. and gen. dist.

var. albina (Moq.). — Port-Bannatyne (C.) ; near Tarbert (T.).
H. alliaria (Mill.). — Mod. c. and gen. dist.

var. viridula (Jeff.).— Shore of L. Fad, Bute (C.) ; nr. Cloch L.-H. (G.) ;

Glas Eilean (W.).

H. glabra (Studer). — Maryhill, Glasgow ; Port-Bannatyne ; Largs (C.).
H. nitidula (Drap.). — Gen. dist.
H. pura (Alder). — Skelmorlie ; Tarbert ; Bute ; Arran (C.) ; Sheilhill Gl.

(G.) ; c. (B.).
var. margaritacea (Jeff-). — Nr. Cloch L.-H. ; Largs ; E. Tarbert ; nr.

Rothesay (C.).
H. radiatula (Alder). — C. (B.) ; Kenmuir Bank, nr. Greenock ; Bute (C.) ;

Arran (N., 1895) ; E. Tarbert (T.).

var. viridescenti-alba (Jeff.). — E. Tarbert, the only locality recorded.
H. crystallina (Mull.). — Gen. dist.
H. fulva (Miill.). — Gen. dist., more or less freq.
H. nitida (Miill.).— Bute (B.) ; shores of L. Fad (C.).

H. excavata (Bean.). — Cumbernauld Gl. ; Bute (B.) ; Sheilhill Gl. ; nr. Cloch
L.-H. ; Cumbrae (C.).

Fam. Helicidae.

Helix rotundata, Miill. — C. and gen. dist.

var. alba, Moq. — Crosslet nr. Dumbarton; nr. Cloch L.-H. ; E. Tarbert (C.).

var. minor, Jeff. — Nr. Rothesay (C.).

var. pyramidalis, Jeff. — Sheilhill Gl. ; nr. Greenock (C.).
H. pygmea, Drap. — Nr. Baldernock ; Girvan (R.) ; L. Lomond (B.) ; Skel-
morlie ; nr. Port-Bannatyne ; L. Ranza (C.).

THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA. 185

H. lamellata, Jeff.— Calderwood and Auchentorlie Gls. (B.) ; nr. Cloch L.-H.

(G.) ; Inveraray ; Skeoch Wds. Bute ; Skelmorlie (C.).
H. aculeata, Miiller. — Calderwood and Auchentorlie Gls., Bute (B.) ; nr.

Cloch L.-H. (G.) ; E. Tarbert ; Skelmorlie ; Largs ; Blantyre (C.).
H. pulchella, Milller. — Lime quarries, North Hill, Campsie ; Bute (B.) ; nr.

Port-Bannatyne ; Ettrick B., Bute (C.) ; Hairmyres (S.).
H. aspersa, Midler. — C. and gen. dist.

var. conoidea, Picard. — E. Tarbert (T.) ; Port-Bannatyne (S.).
var. depressa, T. S. — E. Tarbert (T.) ; Kothesay nr. the Aquarium (S.).
var. undulata, Moq. — Rothesay Castle (C.).
var. zonata, Moq.— E. Tarbert' (C.).

nionst, scalariforme, Taylor. — Crawford St., Greenock (C.).
H. nemoralis, Lin. — C. and gen. dist.
var. castanea, Moq. — E. Tarbert (C.).
var. libellula (Risso). — E. Tarbert (T.) ; Lanark ; Greenock ; Skelmorlie ;

Bute (C.) ; Eilean Aoidh, Minard (W.).
var. rubella, Moq. — Lanark ; Greenock ; Innellan ; E. Tarbert ; Maybole,

etc. (C.) ; Glas Eilean (W.).

var. roseolabeata, Taylor. — Liath Eilean, Kilmory (W.).
var. albolabiata, Von Martin. — Glas Eilean (W.).
H. hortensis, Milller. — Lanarkshire and Ayrshire,
var. incarnata, Moq. — Nr. Glasgow (C.).

var. lutea, Moq. — Greenock ; Largs ; Ardrossan ; Maybole (C.).
H. arbustorum, Lin. — Nr. Glasgow ; Greenock ; Rothesay ; Largs ; E. Tarbert ;

Campbeltown, etc., (C.).
var. alpestris, Ziegl. — Nr. Summerston, Lanarkshire ; Sheilhill GL, nr.

Greenock (C.).

var. cincta, Taylor. — Nr. Summerston ; nr. Greenock ; Tarbert (C.).
var. flavescens, Moq. — Kilkerran B., Kintyre (C.).

var. fuscescens, D. and M. ( = var. Marmorata, Taylor.). — E. Tarbert (C.).
var. conoidea, Westerl. — Nr. Shandon ; E. Tarbert (C.).
H. rufescens, Penn. — Greenock ; Inveraray ; Campbeltown (C.) ; Bowling ;

Largs ; Bute ; Arran, (Introduced ?) (B.).
var. alba, Moq. — Greenock, Hunters' Quay (C.).
var. minor, Jeff. — Greenock (C.).
var. rubens, Moq. — Hunters' Quay (C.).
H. hispida, Lin. ( = H. concinna, Jeff.).— Rothesay nr. the Aquarium (S.) ;

Glasgow ; Dumbarton ; Dunoon ; Largs, etc. (C.).
va*\ albida, Jeff.— Dunoon (C.) ; Port Bannatyne (R.).
var. depilata, Alder. — Duntocher (C.).
var. subglobosa, Jeff. — Garscadden, Dumbartonshire (C.).
var. subrufa, J/o^.— Greenock ; Gl. Morag nr. Dunoon ; E. Kilbride (C.).
" Var. f usca " is recorded from Campbeltown in the " Census," but the
name does not occur in the Conch. Soc. list.
H. granulata, Alder. ( = H. sericea, Jeff.). — Gourock ; Skelmorlie; Largs;

Port Bannatyne ; Campbeltown (B. & C.).
var. cornea, Jeff. — E. Tarbert, about the Old Castle (C.).

H. fusca, Mont. — Falls of Clyde ; nr. Greenock ; Skelmorlie ; Largs ; Inver-
aray ; Bute ; Arran (B. & C.).

H. itala, Lin. ( = H. ericetorum, Mull.).— St. Ninian's B., Bute (H. B. C.).
H. caperata, Mont. — E. Kilbride ; Dumbarton ; W. Kilbride ; Maybole ;

Bute ; Campbeltown, etc. (C.).
var. fulva, Moq. — Ayr (C.).
var. ornata, Picard. — Campbetown (C.).
H. virgata, Da Costa. — Troon (C.).
var. alba, Taylor. — Troon (C.).
var. albicans, G'rat. — Troon (C.).

186 THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA.

var. lineata, Olivi. ( = var. maritima, Jeff.). — Troon (C.). The "var. sub-
deleta" (recorded in the "Census" from Troon) is not included in the
Conch. Soc. list of names.
H. acuta, Mull.- — Sand hills at Troon (B.).

var. strigata, Menke. — In same locality as the type (C.).

Fam. Pupidae.

Buliminus obscurus (Mull.). — Bothwell Old Castle ; Kenmuir Bank ; Auchen-

torlie Gl. (B.); Falls of Clyde nr. Lanark (C.).
Pupa anglica (Fe'r.). ( = P. ringens, Jeff.). — Largs (B.) ; Sheilhill Gl. nr.

Greenock ; Skelmorlie (C.).

var. pallida, Jeff.— Sheilhill Gl. nr. Cloch L. H. (C.).
P. cylindracea (Da Costa). ( = P. umbilicata, Drap.) — C. and gen. dist.
var. albina, Moq. — Sheilhill Gl. (C.).

var. edentula, Moq. — Houston nr. Paisley (C.) ; Shielhill Gl. (G.).
P. muscorum (Lin.). ( = P. marginata, Drap.). var. albina, Menke. — Mill-
port (C.).
Vertigo anti vertigo (Drap.). — Bute ; Arran (B.) ; L. Fad ; L. Ascog, on

shore (C.).

V. pygmaea (Drap.). — Hairmyres ; E. Kilbride ; Largs ; Bute (B.) ; Shiel-
hill Gl. ; Skelmorlie ; L. Fad, etc. (C.).
var. pallida, Jeff. — Rottenburn Gl. by Greenock (G.).
V. substriata (Jeff.).— Shore of L. Fad (C.) ; Rottenburn Gl. (G.).
V. pusilla, Mull.— NT. the Clyde about Lanark (J. Steel) ; Largs (C.).
V. edentula (Drap.). — Nr. Milngavie : Bute (B.) ; nr. Cloch L.-H. ; Largs ;

Cumbrae ; E. Tarbert (C.). '
Balea perversa (Lin.). — Skelmorlie ; Largs ; Kilmun ; Inveraray ; Bute ;

Campbeltown, etc. (B. C.).

Clausilia perversa (Pidt.). ( = C. rugosa, Drap.) — Freq. and gen. dist.
var. parvula, Turt. — High Mains nr. Dumbarton (C.).
var. tumidula, Jeff. — Largs ; Ettrick B. Bute ; Campbeltown (C.).

Fam. Stenogyridae.
Cochlicopa lubrica (Mull.). — Freq. and gen. dist.

var. lubricoides, Per. — W. Kilbride ; nr. Rothesay ; L. Fad (C.). The "var.
viridula" (recorded in the Census from Dunoon) is not in Conch. Soc. List.

Fam. Succineidae.

Succinea putris (L in.).— Arran (B.) ; Possil M. ; Cloch below Gourock ;

Largs ; Bute (C.) ; nr. Arrochar ; Cumbrae (H.).
S. elegans, Risso. var. pfeifferi.— Arran (C.).
S. oblonga, Drap. — Quarry nr. Dairy (J. Steel) (C.) ; Auchinskeoch nr.

Dairy (R).

ORDER INOPERCULATA.
Sub- Order Pulmonobranchiata.

Fam. Auriculidae.

Carychium minimum, Mull. — C. (B.) ; Greenock ; Cloch • Skelmorlie ; Largs ;
Blantyre ; Bute, etc. (C.).

Fam. Limnaeidae.

Planorbis fontanus (Lightfoot). ( = P. nitidus, Jeff.) — Forth and Clyde Cnl.

at Firhill (B.) ; Paisley Cnl. (C.).
P. nautileus (Lin.). — Arran (B.) ; Hogganfield ; L. Cumbrae ; Shores of L.

Ascog (C.) not line, in district.

var. crista (Lin.). — Nr. Elderslie, Renfrewshire (C.).
P. albus (Lin.).—C. (B.) ; Paisley Cnl. ; L. Fad (C.).

THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA. 187

P. parvus, Say. ( = P. glaber, Jeff.) — L. Greenan nr. Eothesay (S.).

P. spirorbis, Mull. — Small M. on Rutherglen Rd. ; Bishop L. ; Pool nr. Inver-

kip ; Arran (B.) ; nr. Paisley ; Port-Glasgow (C.) ; Pond above Kerry croy,

Bute (R.).
P. contortus (Lin.). — Pond nr. Robroyston ; Frankfield L. ; Arran (B.) ; L.

Greenan and L. Fad (C.).
Physa fontinalis (Lin.). — C. (B.) ; Possil M., Paisley Cnl., Ditch at Greenock,

L. Fad, etc. (C.).
Limnaea peregra (Miill.). — C. and gen. dist.

var. lacustris (Leach). — R. Clyde above Rutherglen (C.).

var. ovata, Drap. — C. with the type (B.) ; Blantyre ; Greenock ; L.

Greenan (C.).
L. auricularia (Lin.).- -Paisley Cnl. (C.) ; formerly c., now probably extinct as

the canal bed has been utilized largely by a railway.

L. stagnalis (Lin.). — Possil M., introduced (B.) ; Old Quarry at Possil, intro-
duced and now extinct (C.) ; dam at Greenock introduced, 1882 (S.).
L. palustris (Niill.).- -Possil M. ; Bardowie and Frankfield Ls. ; Arran (B.) ;

Pools nr. Port-Glasgow on side of Kilmalcolm Road (G.) ; L. Greenan (S.).
L. truncatula (MiilL). — C. (B.) ; R. Clyde above Rntherglen ; Greenock ;

Largs : E. Tarbert ; Bute (C.).
var. minor, Moq. — Holy I. (C.).

L. glabra (Miill.).— Frankfield L., prob. introduced (B.).
Ancylus fluviatilis, Miill. — C. in running streams (B.) ; Coatbridge ;

Greenock ; Dunoon ; Largs ; E. Tarbert ; Bute (C.).
Velletia lacustris (Lin.). — Possil M. ; Bishop L. ; Forth and Clyde Cnl. at

Old Kilpatrick (B.).

ORDER OPERCULATA.

Sub-Order Pulmonata.

Fam. Aciculidae.

Acicula lineata (Drap.). — Lanarkshire (Jeff.) ; nr. Cloch L. H. ; Skel-
morlie (C.).

ORDER OPERCULATA.
Sub- Order PectinibrancTiiata.

Fam. Paludinidae.

Bythinia tentaculata (Lin.). — Possil M. ; St. Germains3 L. ; Forth and Clyde

Col. ; Paisley Cnl. (B.).
var. producta, Menke. — Glasgow and Paisley Cnl. (C.).

Fam. Valvatidae.

Valvata piscinalis (MiilL). — Possil M. ; Forth and Clyde Cnl. at Dalmuir ;

Paisley Cnl. (B.).
V. cristata, Miill.— Possil M. ; Forth and Clyde Cnl. at Firhill (B.).

ACEPHALA.

ORDER PELECYPODA.

Sub-Order Isomya.

Fam. Unionidae.

Unio margaritifer (Lin.). — R. Clyde at Cambuslang (B.) ; R. Gryfe nr. Kil-
malcolm (C.).
Anodonta cygnea (Lin.). — Paisley Cnl. ; empty shells in Bardowie L. ; R.

Cart at Cardonald Mills ; R. Clyde above Cambuslang (B.).
var. incrassata (Shepp.). — Paisley Cnl. (C.).
var. radiata (Miill.). — Paisley Cnl. (C.)

188 THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA.

Fam. Sphaeriidae.

Sphaerium corneum (Lin.). — Fossil M. ; Forth and Clyde Cnl. (D.) ; Paisley
Cnl. (C.). Locally though not gen. c.

S. lacustre (Miill.). — Fossil M. ; Forth and Clyde Cnl. at Firhill, possibly
introduced (B. D.).

Pisidium amnicum (Mail.). — Glasgow and Paisley Cnl. (C.) ; E. Clyde above
Etitherglen Bridge (B.).

P. fontinale (Drap.). — Possil M. ; ditch between Frankfield and Hogganfield

(B.) ; E. Tarbert (T.).
var. henslowana (Shepp.). — Glasgow and Paisley Cnl. (Mihi.).

P. pusillum (Gmelin).— Possil M. ; nr. Cloch L. H. (B.) ; Tarbert (C.); L. Fad
and L. Ascog (R).

P. nitidum, Jenyns. — Frankfield L. (B.) ; pools by side of road bet. Port-
Glasgow and Kilmalcolm (fide Ji G. Jeffreys) (G.) ; L. Fad (R).

Sub-Order Heteromya.

Fam. Mytilidae.

Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas). — Forth and Clyde Cnl. ; c., not native (B.) ;
Paisley Cnl. (C.).

MARINE MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA.

BY REV. G. A. FRANK KNIGHT, M.A., M.C.S., F.R.S.E.,

Auchterarder.

CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE FOLLOWED.

" List of Brit. Marine Mollnsca and Brachiopoda," prepared by a Committee
of the Conchological Society. (Journ. of Conch., vol. x., p. 9, 1901.) [This
List differs considerably in both classification and nomenclature from the
standard hitherto recognized, viz. Jeffreys' Brit. Conch. ; for convenience of
reference, therefore, wherever the nomenclature of that work is departed
from, the change is notified by the inclusion of the old name within square
brackets.]

AUTHORITIES AND KEFERENCES.

(A.) = Alder, J., and Hancock, A., "Monograph of the Brit. Nudibranch.

Mollusca" (Ray Soc.}, 1845-55.

(B.) = Brown, Alfred, "The Mollusca of the Firth of Clyde," 1878.
(Bar. ) = Barlee, referred to very frequently by Jeffreys (Brit. Conch.}.
(C.) = Coulson, Frank, Esq., Finnartmore, Kilmun ; MS. Dredging Eecords.
(F.) = Forbes, Prof. E., "Eep. on the investigation of Brit. Marine Zoology

by means of the dredge," Pt. I. (Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1850, p. 192).
(F. & H.)- Forbes, Prof. E., and Hanley, Syl., Hist, of Brit. Mollusca,

4 vols., 1852-53.
(G.) = Records made by S.S. ' Garland ' (Fish. Ed. for Scot. Rep., 1897, Pt. III.,

p. 83 ; 1898, Pt. III., p. 63).
(G. & M.)=Greville, Dr., and Miles, Rev. C. P., M.D., "Dredging Rep.

Firth of Clyde" (Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1856).
(H.) = Herdman, Prof. W. A., F.R.S., "The Invertebrate Fauna of Lamlash

Bay " (Roy. Pfa/s. Soc. Edin. Trans., vols. v., vi., 1880).
(Henderson) = Henderson, Prof. J. R., "A Dredging Trip to Arran" (Scott.

Nat., vol. ii. (N.S.), p. 5, 1885-86).
(Hennedy) = Hennedy, Roger, "Contrib. to Nat. Hist, of Clydesdale from

Fauna of Greenock" (Naturalist, vol. ii., p. 88, 1852.)
(Hoy.) = Hoyle, W. E., M.A., F.R.S.E., "The Deep-water Fauna of the

Clyde Sea- Area" (Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. xx., p. 442, 1890).
(Hy.) = Hyndman, G. C., "Species obtained by deep dredging near Sanda I.,

off Mull of Kintyre" (Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1842, p. 70).
(J.) = Jeffreys, J. Gwyn (1) British Conchology, 5 vols., 1863-69.

(2) " Descriptions and Notices of Brit. Shells, mostly obtained by Geo.
Barlee off W. coast of Scotland" (Ann, and Mag. N.H., xix. 1847, p. 309).

(3) "Additional Notices of British Shells" (Annals, xx., 1847, p. 16).

(4) "On Recent Species of Odostomia" (Annals, vol. ii. (2 Ser.), 1848,
p. 330).j

190 MARINE MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA.

(5) "Gleanings in Brit. Conchologv " (Annals (3 Ser.), vol. i., 1858, p. 39 ;

vol. ii., 1858, p. 117 ; vol. in., 1859, pp. 30, 106 ; vol. iv., 1859, p. 189.)
(K.) = Knight, Rev. G. A. F. (1) "A Day with the Dredge at Machrie Bay"
N. H. Soc. Glas. Trans. (2 Ser.), vol. iv., 1897, p. 169).

(2) " Mollusca obtained on S.S. ' Garland ' " (Millport Marine Biolog. Station
Communications, i., 1900).

(3) Cabinet collection.

(L.) Landsborough, Kev. David, and his son, Excursions to Arran, 1847,
1851, 1852, and new edit., 1875.

(2) " Account of a Dredging Excursion in the Clyde " (Ann. and Mag. JV. H.,
vol. xv., 1845, p. 251).

(3) Nudibranchiate Mollusca found in Ayrshire (MS. list).
(M) = Dredging records of Sir John Murray, on S. Y. ' Medusa.'

(M' A. ) = ]\r Andrew, Robert, F.R.S. (see Journ. of Conch., vol. iii., 1882,

p. 340).
(Mar. ) = Marshall, J. T. (1) " Additions to British Conchology" (J. of Conch.,

vol. vii., 1893, p. 241 ; 1894, p. 379 ; vol. viii., 1896, pp. 338, 385 ; vol. ix.,

pp. 61, 120, 165, 222).
(2) "Alterations in British Conchology" J. of Conch., vol. viii., p. 24, 1894,

p. 385, 1896 ; vol. ix., pp. 61, 120, 165, 222^ 284, 332, 1898-1900.
(N.)=Norman, Rev. Canon A. M., D.C.L., F.R.S. (1) "The Mollusca of the

Firth of Clyde" (Zoologist, 1857-60).
(2) "Revision of British Mollusca" Ann. and Mag. N. H. (6 Ser.), vol v.,

1890, p. 452 ; vol. vi., 1890, p. 60).

(P.) = Pearcey, Fred. G., Naturalist on the Scot. Fishery Bd.'s S.Y. 'Garland.'
(R.) = Robertson, David, LL.D., F.G.S. (1) "The Nudibranchiate Mollusca

of the Shores of the Cumbraes" (N. H. S. Glas. Trans., vol. i., p. 204, 1868.)

(2) "On Some Marine Mollusca" (Ibid. (2 Ser.), vol. ii., p. 150, 1890).

(3) "On Isocardia cor" (Ibid., p. 215, 1890).

(4) Pleurobranchus plumula and membranaceus (Ibid., vol. iii., p. 268, 1897).

(5) "Recent Marine Mollusca of the W. of Scotland (Fauna and Flora,
Brit. Assoc. Handbook, 1876).

(S.) = Scott, Thos., F.L.S. (1) "Marine Mollusca at Tarbert " (Scot. Fish. Bd.
Rep., 1886, app. 234).

(2) "Marine Invertebrates of Loch Fyne" (Ibid., 1897, Pt. III., p. 107).

(3) "Nat. Hist. Notes from Tarbert" (N. H. S. Glas. Trans. (2 Ser.),
vol. i., p. 377, 1887).

(Som.) = Somerville, A., B.Sc., F.L.S. (1) "Dredging off Portincross" (Ibid.,
vol. ii., p. 189, 1890).

(2) " Isocardia cor in the W. of Scotland" (Ibid., vol. iii., p. 42, 1892).

(3) Cabinet collection.

(Sv.) = Somerville, Rev. James E., Crieff, Cabinet collection.

(Srn.) = Smith, Jas., of Jordanhill, "Recent Shells in Basin of the Clyde"

(Mem. Wern. Soc., vol. viii., 1838).
(Sth.) = Smith, John, Kilwinning, "Shells Observed on the Ardeer and

Irvine Beaches" (N. H. S. Glas. Trans., vol. iii. (N.S.), 1889-92, p. 243).

ABBREVIATIONS.

Abund. = abundant ; B = Bay ; bet. = between ; c. = common ; (o?.) = dead;
d. w. = deep water; esp. = especially ; f. = fathoms; f req. = frequent ; gen.
dist. = generally distributed ; h. w. = high water ; L. = Loch or Lower or
Little ; (£.) = living ; 1. w. m. =low watermark ; mod. c. = moderately common ;
nr. =near; not unc. =not uncommon; prob. = probably ; r. =rare; Sd. =
Sound ; shall, w. = shallow water ; t. m. = tide marks ; U. = Upper.

[Doubtful and insufficiently attested species are placed within square
brackets.]

MARINE MOLLUSCA; AMPHINEURA. 191

MOLLUSCA.

AMPHIXEURA.

Fam. Chaetodermatidae.

Chaetoderma nitidulum, Lov. — Dredged 9 mis. S. W. of Corsewall Pt. 50 f.
(Gemmill), identified by W. K. Hutton, M.A., M.B.

Fam. Chitonidae.

Lepidopleurus [ = Chiton] cancellatus (G. B. Sow.). — Clyde (M'A.).
Hanleya [ = Chiton] hanleyi (Bean.). — Lamlash (H.) : Clyde 18 f. (Som.).
Tonicella [ = Chiton] marmorea (Fabr.). — Gen. dist., some specimens 2i" in

length (P.).

T. ruber (Lowe). — Gen. dist.
CallocMton [ = Chiton] laevis ( Mont.). — Scarce; L. Long (Bar.): Cumbrae

(E.) : Holy I. 15 f. (H.) : Cowal 5-15 f. (C.).
Craspedochilus [ = Chiton] onyx (Speng.) [ = cinereus] — c.

var. rissoi, Jeff. — Not unc. (B.)

C. cinereus (L.} [ = marginatus] — Very c. on all shores.
C. albus (L.).— L. Fyne (X.) : Cumbrae (R.).
Acanthochites [ = Chiton] fascicularis (L.). — Gen. dist.

PELECYPODA.
Fam. Nuculidae.

Nucula sulcata, Broun. — Sparsely dist. (abund. in 33 f. bet. Pladda and

Turnberry (K.) ).
N. nucleus, (L.). — c.

var. radiata, — F. and H. — Lamlash (A.) : Cumbrae : L. Fyne (R.) : E. of

Bute, scarce (B.) : Kyles 5-28 f. (C.).

N. nitida, G. B. Sow. — Widely dist. (abund. in Gareloch (K.) ).
N. tenuis (Mont.). — c.

var. inflata, Han. — deepest part of L. Fyne (J.): L. Long 24 f. (K.).
Nuculana [ = Leda] minuta (Milll.).— Freq. in all depths.

var. brevirostris, Jeff. — Dunoon 40 f. (Hoy.) : nr. Carradale 20 f. (M.).
[N. tenuis (Phil.) [ = pygmaea]— Very r. ; Lamlash 15 f. (Som.) : valves in

Rothesay B. and d. w. outside Cumbrae (B.) ].
[N. pernula (Miill.).—Ayr (d.) (Sm.) : E. of Sanda 40 f. (d.) (Hy.)].

Fam. Anomiidae.

Anomia ephippium, L. — On all coasts and down to 65 f.
var. squamula, L. — Freq.
var. aculeata, Mull. — Bute (Sm.) : Cumbrae : Lamlash (L. N. B.) : Tarbert

20 f. (Som.) : Gareloch 5-21 f. (M.).
var. cylindrica, Gm. — Clyde freq. (B.) : Brodick (Som.) : Strachur

2-7 f. (K).
A. patelliformis, L.— Not plentiful but gen. dist. ; Bogany : Toward (B.) :

Lamlash (L.) : Kilbrennan Sd. 40-49 f. : U. L. Fyne 75 f. (Hoy.) : Cumbrae

(R.) : Gareloch 5-21 f. (M.) : Kyles 5-28 f. (C.).
vair. striata, Lov. — Not unc.

Fam. Arcidae.

Glycymeris [ = Pectunculus] glycymeris (L.). — Widely dist. but not c.

var. pilosa, L. — Arran: Ayr (Sm.) : E. of Sanda 40 f., 300 specimens, mostly

dead (Hy.).

[Barbatia [ = Arca] lactea (L.).— Very r., 2 or 3 near Corriegills (Martin
& L.).]

192 MARINE MOLLUSCA ; PELECYPODA.

Fam. Mytilidae.
Mytilus edulis, L. — Everywhere abund.

var. pellucida, Penn. — Campbeltown : Rothesay : Helensburgh(B.) : bottom

of ' Ark ' Cumbrae (R.).

var. incurvata, Penn. — c., Kenmore, L. Fyne (K.).
Modiolus [ = Mytilus] modiolus, L. — Very c.

var. umbilicata, Penn. — Gareloch (K.).
M. barbatus (L.).— Scarce ; U. L. Fyne 75 f. (Hoy.): Rothesay 1. w. (Wotton):

Dunoon basin 20 f. (M.): Machrie B. : off Pirnmill (G.).
M. phaseolinus(PM.).— Note.; Lamlash(L.Som.): King's Cross(H.): Tarbert

(Som : M'A.): bet. Sanda and Mull of Kintyre 19 f. (K.).
Modiolaria marmorata (Forb.). — c. (in tests of Ascidia mentula).
M. discors (L.}. — Plentiful among Corallina officinalis.

var. semilaevis, Jeff. — Cumbrae: Brodick in corallines (Som.).
[M. discrepans (Leach) [ = nigra]. — Very r.; Dunoon basin 20 f. (M.) : off Mull

of Kintyre 9 mis. 55 f. (K.).]

Crenella decussata (Mont.). — r.; Lamlash (Sm. L.): bet. Sanda and Mull of
Kintyre 19-25 f. : inside Sanda 25 f. (K.).

Fam. Pteriidae.

Pinna fragilis, Penn. [ = rudis]. — Very r. ; only once at Arran (L.) : once
dredged by Major Martin off Largs, given by him to Rev. Dr. C. P.
Miles, F.L.S., by him to (Sv.), and is now in cabinet of (K.).

Fam. Ostreidae.

Ostrea edulis, L. — Not c.

var. parasitica, Turt. — Widely dist.
var. hippopus, Lmk. — Rothesay B. (B.)
var. deformis, Lmk. — Not c.

Fam. Pectinidae.

Pecten maximus (L.). — Gen. dist. and fairly c.
P. (Hinnites) pusio (L.). — Gen. dist., but scarce.
P. (Chlamys) varius (L.). — Valves freq., not c. living.

var. purpurea, Jeff. — Cumbrae (R.): Kyles (C.). A white form of varius

(not nivea) occurs in Kyles (Som.), and below Carrick, L. Goil (fide P.).
[var. nivea, Macg. — Cumbrae (Sm.).]
P. (Aequipecten) opercularis (L.).—c.
var. lineata, da C. — Off Craigmore (B.).
var. elongata, Jeff.— Kilbrennan Sd. 55 f. (Mar.)
P. (Peplum) clavatus var. septemradiatus, Midi. — Locally abund., most c.

in d. w.

var. alba, Jeff.— Occasional, L. Fyne 36-70 f. : L. Goil 24-40 f. (M.) : Cum-
brae (R.) : L. Fyne (Som.).
var. dumasi, Payr. [ = septemradiatus, var.]- -Toward : L. FynelGf. (Som.):

Cumbrae (R.) : L. Goil 35-40 f. (M.) : Dunoon basin 5-30 f. (C.)
P. (Palliolum) tigerinus, Mull. [ = tigrinus]. — Widely dist. and c.

var. cpstata, Jeff. — c. with the type.
P. (Palliolum) incomparabilis (fiisso). [ = testae].— Very r., L. Fyne (M'A.

N.) : one recent valve, Lamlash 10 f. (Henderson).
P. (Palliolum) striatus (Mull.). — Gen. dist., but not plentiful.
P. (Palliolum) similis (LasJc.). — Gen. dist. but scarce living.

Fam. Limidae.

Lima elliptica, Jeff. — Scarce, fairly freq. in L. Fyne.
L. subauriculata (Mont.).— Not c. 'living ; L. Fyne (M'A.), Tarbert 40 f. (d.)

MARINE MOLLUSCA; PELECYPODA. 193

(S.) : offCallum's Hole, Bute(R.) : off Craigmore : Tan Spit : off Silvercraigs

10 f. (B.) : Inveraray 10-40 f. : Skipness (C.).
L. loscombi, G. B. Sow.— Widely dist., but rather r. ; Holy I. 10-15 f. (G. &

M.) : Cumbrae (E.) : off Shellbole B. very fine, but not in nests (B.) :

Skelmorlie: L. Fyne 100 f . : Kilbreunan Sd. 10-20 f. (M.): off Sanda I.

19 f. (K.) : Lam lash 15 f. (Som.)
L. hians (Gm.). — abund. locally, esp. in Lamlash B. (L. N. H. G. & M.) : Sanda

19-25 f. (K.): Tan (R.): Ardbeg, Bute (B.).
[var. tenera, Turt. — Arran (Sm.): E. of Sanda, 160 specimens, dead, 40 f.

(Hy.)?]

Fam. Kelliellidae.

Turtonia [ = Cyamium] minuta (Fabr.). — Allans, Cumbrae: Clachland Pt.,
plentiful (N. B.) : Tarbert (J.) : Brodick (L. Som.).

Fam. Astartidae.

Astarte sulcata, da C. — c.

var. scotica (Maton and Rack.). — Scarce; Ayr: Bute(Sm.): Cumbrae (R.B.):

Kyles: Skelmorlie 8 f. (Som.): Tighnabruaich (C.).
var. multicostata, Jeff. — Cumbrae (R,).
A. elliptica (Bro.). — Widely but sparingly dist.
A. compressa (Mont.). — Not unc.

var. globosa, Moll.—L. Fyne (M'A.): Clyde 18 f. (Mar.)

var. striata (Leach.). — More c. than the type ; Wemyss Bay 10-15 f. : L.

Fyne (Som.): Tarbert (S.) : Dunoon 5-15 f. (M.): Toward (C).
Goodallia [ = Astarte] triangularis (Mont.). — Usually dead; Lamlash (N.):
Clyde 40 f. (d.) (F.) : near Sanda 40 f. (d.) (Hy.) : Sanda 25 f. (J.)(K.) : off
Silvercraigs 12 f. (d.) (B.).

Fam. Isocardiidae.

Isocardia humana (L.) [ = cor]. — In d. w. bet. the Cumbraes,a few valves (N.):
2 connected vv. off Holy I. 60 f. (Hend.) : bet. Cumbrae and Brodick 90-
98 f.(R.): PortavadieSOf.umbos (Som.): Brodick 50-60 f. (Hoy.): Dunoon
basin 30-40 f. : off Holy I. 90 f. (M.) : off Ailsa Craig 2 full-grown speci-
mens: bet. Pladda and Ayr 28-33 f. 5 very fine (P.): offMachrie Bay
(d.) (G.).

Fam. Arcticidae.

Arctica [ = Cyprina] islandica (L.). — Young very c., large adult (I.) scarce.

Fam. Lucinidae.
Lucina spinifera (Mont.). — Scarce ; Lamlash (L. C.): W. of Cumbrae 12 f. :

Otter : Moll Dhu, not full grown (B.) : Kyles 15 f. (Som.): U. L. Fyne 60 f.

(M. C.): Brodick (Sv.).
L. borealis (L.). — Freq. on sandy coasts.

var. gibba, Jeff.— Moll Dhu, L. Fyne (B.)
Cryptodon [ = Axinus] flexuosus (Mont.). — Widely dist. and abund. esp. in

Rothesay B. 15-20 f. (B.) and Gareloch very fine, 16-23 f. (K.).
C. croulinensis (Jeff.). — Now found to be widely dist. ; Lamlash B. 15 f. :

L. Ranza 50 f. : Bute : Kilbrennan Sd. 70 f.: off Tarbert 20-50 f.: Skelmor-

lie 7-18 f. : Millport 40 f. : Pt. of Ayr 20 f. : Kyles 12-23 f. : Brodick 23-40

f. (Som.): Machrie B. 20-29 f. : Strachur 12-56 f. (K.).
C. ferruginosus (Forb.). — Widely dist. from 10 to 100 f. ; remarkably plentiful

in L. Fyne (B. N. R. Som. M. K. C.).
Montacuta" substriata (Mont.). — c. but not often recorded, (on the ventral

spines of Spatangus purpureus) ; N. of Holy I. (G. & M.): Lamlash (L.):

W. of Cumbrae : Tan Spit 8-25 f. : Otter (N. R. B.): Davaar 21 f.: inside

Sanda I. 25 f. (K.): L. Fyne (C.).

N

194 MARINE MOLLUSCA ; PELECYPODA.

M. bidentata (Mont.). — Gen. dist. but usually dead.

M. tumidula, Jeff. — r. ; Tarbert 25 f.: L. Eanza 55 f. : Skelmorlie 18 f. : Arran
25 f. (Som.) : L. Fyne 25-56 f. (S. K.).

Tellimya [ = Montacuta] ferruginosa (Mont.). — Widely dist. but scarce and
rarely perfect ; Millport (N. R.) : Lamlash B. (A. L.): Inveraray (Bar.):
Ardrishaig 6 f.: Garrocli Hd. (B.): Kyles 5-20 (Som. C.K.): Pirnmill 21 f. :
bet. Ailsa and Corsewall 60 f. : Canipbeltown 23 f. : Strachur 25 f. :
Arrochar 12 f. (K.).
var. ovata, Mar. — Kyles of Bute 18 f. (K.).

Diplodonta rotundata (Mont.). — Very r. ; Horse I., Ardrossan, 2 valves (C.).

Fam. Leptonidae.

Kellia suborbicularis (Mont.). — Gen. dist. but rather scarce.
Lasaea rubra (Mont.) — c., but somewhat local ; among corallines.

var. pallida, Jeff.— Clachland Pt. (N.): Millport (Som. C.): E. L. Tarbert

(Som. S. B.).

[Lepton scLuamosum (Mont.). — Clyde 15 f. (d.) (F.).]

L. nitidum, Turt.—Not c., local ; Lamlash Bay 10-20 f . (N. H. Som.) : off
Silvercraigs : Otter Spit : Cumbrae (<£): Craigmore (d.)(E.) : Sunidale B. :
Tarbert (S.): L. Ranza 18 f. : Skelmorlie 7-18 f. (Som.): bet. Sanda and
Mull of Kintyre 19 f. : off Mull of Kintyre 9 mis. 55 f. (K.).
var. convexa, Aid. — Lamlash (L.).
var. lineolata, Je/.—L. Fyne (M'Nab).
L. clarkiae, Cl. — Sanda I. 19-25 f. valves (K.)

Fam. Scrobiculariidae.

Syndosmya [ = Scrobicularia] prismatica (Mont.). — Very scarce ; Lamlash B.
25 f. (L. H. Som. K.) : Cumbrae (R.): Machrie B. 20-29 f. (K.) : Ardrishaig
6 f. rather c. : L. Goilhead : Rothesay (d.)(B.): Brodick (Som): Kyles
5-28 f. : Skipness (C.).

S. nitida (Mull.).— Widely dist., but local ; L. Fyne 50 f. (F. N. Som. (75 f.)
M. (80-90 f .) R.) : Portincross abundant juv. 30-44 f . : Brodick 40 f . :
Skelmorlie 10 f. : Cumbrae 25 f. : Kilbrennan Sd. 70 f. (Som.) : Machrie
B. 20-29 f. : 6 mis. off Davaar 23 f. : Ailsa 27 f. : inside Sanda 25 f. :
Strachur 25-36 f. : Arrochar 8-24 f. (K.) : Inchmarnock 50-80 f . (Hoy. K.)

S. alba (Wood.). — Abund. locally, esp. in Gareloch (K.) and L. Gilp. (B.).
var. oblonga, Mar. — Arran 30 f. (Mar.): Arrochar (l£"x£") (K.).

S. tenuis (Mont.).— Very r. ; Clyde (Sm.) : L. Goil (Hoy.): Kyles (C.).

Scrobicularia plana (da C.) [=piperata] — r. ; Ayr (Sm.) : Ardeer to Irvine
(Sth.) : Corriegills (L.) : Bute (N.) : Fairlie : Cumbrae (R.).

Fam. Tellinidae.

Tellina crassa (Gm.). — Scarce ; Ayr (Sm.) : Ardeer to Irvine, (d.) (Sth.) :
Clyde 40 f. (d.) (F.) : Cumbrae (N. R): Lamlash B. (L.): nr. Sanda I. 12
valves, 40 f. (Hy.) : Machrie B. (d.)(K.) : Sunidale B. (d.) (S.) : one on Tan
Spit : one off Silvercraigs (B.) : Canipbeltown L. 8-22 f. : Dunoon basin
10-20 f. (M.).

T. squalida, Pult.—r. ; Ayr : Bute (Sm.) : Lamlash B. (A. L. N. H.) : Brodick :
L. Fyne (d.) (Som.) : Cumbrae (R.) : Scalpsie B. 10 f. (d.) (C.).

T. donacina, L. — Gen. dist., but not c.

T. pusilla, Phil.— Very r. ; Clyde 5-20 f. (d.) (F.): off Sanda I. 26 f. (K.).

T. tenuis, da. C. — Very c.

T. fabula, Gron. — c., but somewhat local.

Macoma [ = Tellina] balthica (L.) [= var. attenuata] — Canipbeltown : L. Gilp-

head : Cumbrae (B.).

var. carnaria, Penn. [ = balthica] — c., but somewhat local, seems to be de-
creasing in abundance.

MARINE MOLLUSCA; PELECYPODA. 195

Fam. Donacidae.

Donax vittatllS (da C.}. — Scarce, Clyde (Sm. L.) : Ardeer to Irvine freq.
(Sth.) : Kames B., Cumbrae, one living, one dead (M. R.): Saltcoats
(Som.) : Ardrossan to Ayr (C.).

Fam. Mactridae.

Mactra Stultomin, L. — Note.; Ayr (Sin.): Ardrossan : Saltcoats : Irvine (C.),
bet. Ardeer and Irvine freq. (Sth.) : Lam lash B. (L.) : Machrie B., fresh
but (d.) (Som.).

var. cinerea, Mont. — Ayr (Sm.) : Lamlash (L.).
Spisula [ = Mactra] solida (L.). — By no means c.; Bute (Sm. N. B.): Lamlash

B. : off Holy I. (G. & M., H., Sv.) : Cumbrae (N.).
var. truncata, Mont. — c. in Bute and Cumbrae.
S. elliptica (Broivri). — c., and widely dist.

S. subtruncata (da C.}. — Very abund. on certain sandy shores, e.g. Ettrick
and St. Ninian's Bs., Bute : Kames and Fintry Bs., Cumbrae : Troon :
Kilbride B. Ardlamont : Lamlash.

var. striata, Brown. — Lamlash 2-5 f. (H.) : Troon (K.).
Lutraria elliptica, Lmk. — c.

Fam. Veneridae.

Lucinopsis undata (Penn). — Gen. dist., but not c.

var. aequalis, Jeff. — L. Fyne : Kyles (d.) (C.).
Dosinia [ = Venus] exoleta (L.\ — Abund., and widely dist.
D. lupina (L.) [=lincta]— Less c. than the preceding.

var. compta, Lov. — Cumbrae (R.).
Venus (Clausinella) fasciata (da C.). — Freq.

var. radiata, Jeff. — Ettrick B., Bute (C.).
V. (Ventricola) casina, L. — Widely dist., but not c.

V. (Ventricola) verrucosa, L. — r.; Lamlash (L.) : one living off Garroch Hd.
from fisherman's lines (R.') : single and much worn valves (B.) : Ardeer to
Irvine (Sth.).
V. (Timoclea) ovata, Penn. — Very c., and gen. dist.

var. trigona, Jeff. — Tarbert 25 f. (Mar.).
V. (Chamelaea) gallina, L. — Very c.

var. laminosa, Mont.— Clyde c. (B.) : Machrie B. 20-29 f. : Lamlash B.

22 f. : Kyles 20 f. (K.). "

var. gibba, Jeff.— Clyde c. (B.) : Scalpsie B. 10 f. : Kyles 5-28 f. (C.).
var. alba. — St. Bride's B. (Som.).
[Tapes aureus (Gm.).— Very r. ; Ayr (Sm.): Ardeer to Irvine (Sth.):

Arran (L.).]
T. virgineus (L.). — Freq. and widely dist.

var. sarniensis (Turt.). — Not c. ; Balloch B., Cumbrae (R.) : Kyles (C.).
T. pullastra(J/o?*Z.). — Abund.

var. perforans Mont. — Freq. ; Lamlash B. (N.) : Campbeltown (B.) :

Corriegills (Som.) : Kyles (C.).
var. plagia, Jeff. — L. Fyne (Bar.).

T. decussatus (A).— Scarce and local : Holy I. (G. & M.) : Campbeltown,
large and abund. (R.) : Rothesay, scarce (B.) : off Sanda 19 f. : L. Goil
(M.) : Irvine (C., Sth.).

Gouldia [ = Circe] minima (Mont.). — Widely dist., not unc.
[Iras [ = Venerupis] irus (L.). — Very r., Brodick (Sv.).]

Fam. Cardiidae.

Oardium aculeatum, L. — Very r., N. says Sm. is wrong in saying that it is
"common" ; Kilbrennan Sd. 22 f. (Hoy.): nr. Carradale 18-28 f. (M.).

196 MARINE MOLLUSCA ; PELECYPODA.

C. echinatum, //.—Mod. c.

var. ovata, Jeff-— Inveraray (M'Nab).
C. tuberculatum, L.— Bute (Sm.) : Ballantrae (d.) (K.).

C. exiguum, Gm..— Scarce : Ayr : Bute (Sm.) : Clyde 6 f. (d.) (F.) : Lam lash
3-10 f. (L. H.): Cumbrae : outside Tan : Bogany Pt. : Otter (B.) : E. L.

Tarbert(S.): Cumbrae (R.).
C. fasciatum, Mont. — c. and widely dist.

var. globosa, Jeff. — Clyde district (B.).
C. nodosum, Turt. — Locally dist. over all the Firth.

var. ovata, Jeff. — Lamlash 15 f. (Som.).
C. edule, L.— Abund.

C. minimum, Phil.— Widely dist., but scarce.
Laevicardium [^Cardium] norvegicum (Speng.). — Not unc. locally.

Fam. Psammobiidae.

Psammobia tellinella, Lmk. — Widely dist., but scarce.
P. COStulata, Turt.—'Very r. ; Ayr (Sm.) : off Carradale 28 f. (M.).
P. ferroensis (Chem.). — Mod. c., rather scarce (L).

Psainmocola [ = Psammobia] depressa, Penn [ = vespertina] — Very r.,
L. Eanza (L.) : Lamlash 15-25 f. (H.).

Fam. Myidae.

Mya arenaria, L. — c.

var. lata (•/. Sow.).— Cumbrae (E.) : L. Goil 24-40 f. (M.).
M. truncata, L. — c.
Sphenia [=Mya] binghami, Turt. — r. ; Clyde (M'A.) : Arran (L.) : Millport

(Som.).
Corbula gibba (Olivi.). — Locally abund.

var. rosea, Bro.— Gareloch 10-22 f. (K.).

Fam. Solenidae.

Solecurtus scopula (Turt.) [ = candidus]. — Very scarce: Lamlash (d.) (H.) :

Tan Spit : off L. Cumbrae 8-15 f. (d.) (B.) : Cumbrae, alive (R.) : Sanda,

19 f. (M.).
S.antiquatus(/W£.).— Scarce (I.): Lamlash (c?.)(H.): Brodick 23 f. (Henderson.

Som.) : Kilbrennan Sd. 50 f. (d,} (Som. C.) : Machrie B. 20-29 f. (d.) : Sanda

to Carradale 18-21 f. (c?.) : Kyles (K.) : Campbeltown L. 8 f. (Gray) :

L. Cumbrae 15-20 f. (B. E.) : L. Fyne (C.).

Cultellus [ = Solen] pellucidus (Penn.). — Gen. dist., and not unc.
Ensis [ = Solen] ensis (L.). — c. locally.
E. siliqua (L.). — c. on all sandy coasts.

var. arcuata, Jeff.— Not so c. as preceding : E. L. Tarbert (S.) : Cumbrae

(E. B.) : L. Goil : Strachur (M.) : Kyles (K.).
[Solen vagina, L. — Bute (Sm.) : Innellan (Mrs. Brockbank) : in Millport (E.>

and Campbeltown Museums as " S. siliqua var. marginatou" .~\

Fam. Saxicavidae.

Saxicavella [= Panopea] plicata (Mont.). — r.; L. Fyne (I.) (Bar.) : Largs 20 f.
(E) : Portincross (d.) : off Dunoon : L. Eidden (Som.) : L. Gilphead, one
(L) (B.), L. Long 24 f. : Kyles : Gareloch, 6 perfect : Lamlash B. 22 f.
(K.) : Tighnabruaich : 6 (I.) Kirn to Skelmorlie 5-30 f. (C.).
Saxicaya ragosa (L.). — c.
S. arctica (//.). — c.

var. praecisa, Mont. — Cumbrae: L. Fyne (E.) : Lamlash (H.): Tarbert

16 f. : Skipness (Som.).
var. cylindrica, S. Wood. — Lamlash (Mar.).

MARINE MOLLUSCA; SCAPHOPODA. 197

Fam. Pholadidae.

Pholas dactylus, L. — r.; Clyde (Sra.) : Ardrossan : Heads of Ayr (d.) (0.).
Barnea [ = Pholas] Candida (L.). — r.; Rothesay (Fraser): Ardrossan to Ayr

W (c.).

Zirfaea [ = Pholas] crispata (L.). — mod. c. locally.
Xylophaga dorsalis (Turt.\ — freq. in drift wood.

Fam. Teredinidae.

Teredo norvegica, Speng. — Holy I. wreck of old pier (G. & M. H.) : Arraii ;

Ayr (Som.) : Ardrossan pier (Martin) : Cumbrae (R.).
T. navalis, L. — Carrick pier (Kirsop) : Fairlie (Bryce).
T. megotara, Han. — Arran (L. J.) : L. Goil (M.).

Fam. Pandoridae.

Pandora inaequivalvis var. pinna, Mont. [ = obtusa]. — L. Fyne (Bar.), very
r., not since corroborated.

Fam. Lyonsiidae.

Lyonsia norvegica (Chem.). — Sparingly dist.
var. elongata, Gray. — Clyde 18 f. (Mar.).

Fam. Anatinidae.

Cochlodesma [ = Thracia] praetenue (Pv.lt.}.— Scarce throughout the

district.
Thracia fragilis, Penn. [ = papyracea]. — Not unc.

var. gracilis, Jeff. — Off Tarbert, L. Fyne 16 f. (Som.).
var. villosiuscula, Macg. — Widely diffused, with the type.
[T. pubescens (Pult.}. — Arran (Sm. & L.), not since corroborated.]
T. convexa (W. Wood.}. — Very r. (L) : Ayr (Sm.) : single valves Arran (A.) :

Lamlash (L.) : Campbeltown L. valve (R.) and 8 f. (Gray) : L. Fyne 20 f.

(Mar.) : Brodick 40 f. (d.) (Som.) : L. Goil 24-40 f. (M.) : Kyles 15-20 f. :

Strachur 25 f. : 3 (L} juv., bet. Sanda and Bennan Hd. 25-30 f., one full

grown (I.) (P.).
T. distorta (Mont.). — mod. c., but local.

Fam. Cuspidariidae.

Cuspidaria [ = Neaera] abbreviata (Fork.). — r.; L. Fyne (M'A. Bar. S. N.) :
St. Catharines : Kilbrennan Sd. 60 f. : Brodick 40 f. (Som.) : Inchmarnock
30 f. (Hoy.) : Minard 15-70 f. (M.) : Cumbrae 80 f. (R.) : Kyles 18 f. :
Strachur 35-56 f (K.) : Inveraray 10-40 f. : Skipness 29 f. (C.).

C. COStellata (Desk.).—?.; L. Fyne 40-70 f. (M'A. Bar. N. R.): Cumbrae (R,):
Lamlash 20 f. : Brodick 40 f. : Tarbert 19 f. (Som.) : Battle I. 40 f. (S.) :
Minard: Furnace 10-25 f. (M.) : off Skate I. 105 f. (Hend.) : Tarbert
20-60 f., Otter 5 (I.) : Skipness 29 f. (C.).

C. cuspidata (Olivi.}. — Widely dist., but very scarce.

SCAPHOPODA.

Fam. Dentalidae.

Pulsellum [ = Siphonodentalium] lofotense (M. Sars.). — r. ; L. Fyne 100 f. (M.):
Cumbrae (R.) : Strachur 22-56 f. (K.) : Skate I. 107 f. (S.) : Tarbert 75 f.
(Som.).

var. affine, M. Sars.— OS Skate I. 90-100 f. (M.) : Strachur, 56 f. (K.) :
very r.

Dentalium entalis, L. — Gen. dist. aud c.

198 MARINE MOLLUSCA; GASTROPODA.

GASTROPODA.
PROSOBRANCHIA.

Fam. Patellidae.

Patella vulgata, L.— Very c.

var. elevata, Jeff. — Cum brae, (R.).

var. intermedia, Knapp.—L. Striven (M.).

var. depressa, Penn. — c.

var. caerulea, L. — mod. c.
Patina [ = Helcion] pellucida (L.). — c.

var. laevis, Penn.— -c.

Fam. Acmaeidae.

Acmaea [=Tectura] testudinalis (Mull.). — c.
A. virginea (Mull.).— Gen. dist.

Fam. Lepetidae.

Lepeta caeca (Mull.).— Very r. ; L. Fyne (M'A.) : Kyles (d.) 18 f. (K.).
L. [ = Tectura] fulva (Mull.). — Widely dist., but scarce.
var. albula, Jeff.—L. Fyne (M'A.).

Fam. Pleurotomariidae.

Scissurella crispata, Flem. — Very r. ; L. Fyne (Bar.) : Clyde 18 f. (Som.) :
bet. Sanda and the Mull 19 f. : off Mull of Kintyre 9 mis. 55 f. (K.).

Fam. Fissurellidae.

Puncturella noachina (L.). — Not unc., widely dist.

Emarginula fissura (L.). — Mod. c. over all the firth.

var. subdepressa, Jeff.— Lamlash 7-13 f. (H.) : L. Fyne 25 f. (K".)
var. elata, Jeff. — Clyde 18 f. (Mar.),
var. incurva, Jeff. — Lamlash 18 f. (Som.).

[E. conica, Schum. [ = rosea]. — Very r. : only record Whiting B. (F. B. R., 1898,
Part III., p. 66).]

E.crassa, /. Sow. — Very scarce : L. Fyne 20 f. (d.) (F.) : L. Long (Bar.) : Lam-
lash 15 f. : offTarbert 75 f. (d.) (Som.): Battle I. (d.) (S.): one L. Gilp-
head 12-14 f. (B.) : Inchmarnock 104 f. (d.) (Hoy.) : Inveraray (R.) :
Tighnabruiach (Sv.) : Minard 10-20 f. : L. Striven 15-35 f. : L. Goil
24-40 f. (M.) : L. Long : L. Fyne : Kyles (C.).

Fissurella graeca (£.).— Verv r.: Bute (Sin.): N. of Holy 1. 10-30 f. (G. & M.):
L. Fyne (Bar.): Lamlash (L.): L. Goil 35-40 f.: Dunoon basin 6-8 f. (M.).

Propilidium ancyloide (Forb.). — r.; Ballantrae (Getty) : Lamlash 20 f. (Sin.,
F. L. Som.): S. E. of Ailsa 27 f.: off Mull of Kintyre 9 mis. 55 f. (K.).

Fam. Trochidae.

[Moelleria costulata, Moll.— OS Silvercraigs 12 f. (B.): Lamlash 10 f., all (d.\

prob. post-tertiary.]

Eumargarita [ = Trochus] helicina (Fair.). — Locally plentiful.
E. groenlandica (Chem.). — Very r. ; Lamlash (L.) : Cumbrae (R.).
Gibbula [ = Trochus] magus (L.) — c.

var. alba, Jeff.— Lamlash 10-20 f. (H.).
G. tumida (Mont). — c.
G. cineraria (L.). — Very abund.
G. umbilicata (Mont.). — Much less c. than preceding.
[Monodonta [==Trochus] crassa (Montf.) [ = lineatus]. — Prob. not recent;

Cumbrae (Sin.): dead shells off Battery, Cumbrae (B. R.).]
Calliostoma [ = Trochus] montagui, W. Wood. — Note. ; one off Cumbrae (N.):

Lamlash (L. A. H.) : Tan : Otter (d.) (B.) : Brodick (Sv.) : L. Goil (M.) :

7 from L. Striven 10-20 f. (C.).

MARINE MOLLUSCA; GASTROPODA. 199

[C. exasperatum (Penn.). — A solitary doubtful record ; Ayr and F. of Clyde

(Sm.).]

C. miliare (Broc.\ [ = millegranus]. — Locally c.
C. granulatum (Born.).— Nr. Sanda (Ry. B. A. R., 1842, p. 75): one (I.) off

Sanda (S.), very r.

C. zizyphinus (L.}. — Freq.

var. lyonsi, Leach. — Inside Sanda I. 25 f. (K.).
var. humilior, Jeff. — Cumbrae (E.).

Fam. Cyclostrematidae.

Delphinoidea [ = CyclostremaJ nitens (Phil.). — Not unc., generally (d.) ;
Lamlash 10-17 f. (L. N. Som.): Tan: Silvercraigs 10-30 f. (B.): S. E. of
Ailsa 27 f. : off Mull of Kintyre 9 mis. 55 f. (K.).

D. serpuloides (Mont.}. — Lamlash 17 f. (M'A. L. N. Som.): not unc. ; Shellbole

B. (d.) (B.): bet. Sanda and the Mull 19 f.: off Mull of Kintyre 9 mis.
55 f. : inside Sanda 25 f . (K.).

Fam. Turbinidae.

Phasianella pullus (L.). — Very r.; Clyde 15 f. (F.): Arran (Sv.): bet. Sanda
and the Mull 19 f. (K.).

Fam. Littorinidae.

Lacuna divaricata (Fabr.).—c.

var. canalis, Mont. — Cumbrae (R.): E. L. Tarbert (S.).
var. quadrifasciata, Mont. — Sanda to Carradale 18-21 f. (K.).
L. parva (da C.), [ = puteolus]. — Outer Allans plentiful (N.): Far-land Pt.,

Cumbrae, very scarce (B.): L. Gair to Minard (G.).

L. pallidula (da C.). — Mod. r.; Cumbrae (N. B.): Ayr (Sm. L.): Lamlash (Sin.
L. H.): Brodick : Whiting B.: Helensburgh (Som.): Tarbert (S.): Ardeer
to Irvine (Sth.) : Silvercraigs (B.).
var. patula, Thorpe.— L. Goil 24-40 f. (M.).
var. albescens, Jeff. — E. L. Tarbert (S.).
Littorina obtusata (L.). — Abuml.

var. ornata, Jeff. — c. ; Cumbrae (R. N.): E. L. Tarbert (S.): nr. head of L.

Fyne 10-20 f. (M.).
L. neritoides (L.). — Very local; Holy I. (G. & M.): Lamlash (L.): Outer

Allans (N.): Cumbrae (R. Hend. Cook).
L. rudis (Maton.}. — Abund.

var. saxatilis, Johnst. — Outer Allans : Clachland Pt. (N. B.).

var. jugosa, Mont. — Clyde (B.).

var. patula, Thorpe. — Local : rocks at Callum's Hole, Bute : and Corrie-

gills (N.).
var. tenebrosa, Mont. — Salt marshes, Brodick (N.): Clyde (B.): Skipness

corallines (Som.).
L. littorea (L.). — Very abund.

Fam. Rissoidae.

Rissoa parva (da C.). — Very abund.

var. interrupta, Ad.—c.
R. inconspicua, Aid.— Widely disk, but mostly (d.).

var variegata, v. Mohr.— Cumbrae (M'A.), Faslane B. 16-23 f.: Kyles

11 f. (K).
R. albella, Lor.— Rothesay (A.).

var. sarsi, Lov. — Tarbert : Inveraray : Cumbrae (Som.).
R. violacea, Desm. — Not unc., widely clist.

var. ecostata, Jeif. — Tarbert : Brodick : Lamlash (Som.).
R. guerini var. costulata, Aid. [ = R. costulata]— " L. gives Lamlash, but
prob. it was R. violacea " (J.).

200 MARINE MOLLUSC A ; GASTROPODA.

Alvania [ = Rissoa] cancellata (da C.). — Very r. ; Lamlash(L.): L. Fyne(Bar.):
Ayr (Sni.).

A. reticulata (Mont.). — Very abund. (d.\ scarce (L}.

var. calathus (F. & H.\ [ = R. calathus]. — Cumbrae (Sm.): Lamlash (L.):

Kyles 20 f. (Som.): r.

var. cimicoides, Forb, [=R. cimicoides]. — r.; L. Fvne (N.): Tan Spit, 7-10
f. (Som.).

A. punctura (Mont.). — Locally plentiful.

A. SUbsoluta var. abyssicola, Forb. — [ = R. abyssicola]. — Scarce, local:
L. Fyne 100 f.: L. Kanza 60 f. (M'A. & F. N. Som. R.) : Cumbrae (L.):
Portincross 30 f . : Kyles: Kilbrennan Sd. 55-70 f. : Catacol 25 f.: Cumbrae
15-65 f.: Tarbert 50-75 f. (Som.): Machrie B. 20-29 f.: Kyles 23 f.: Pirn-
mill 73 f.: Campbeltown 23 f.: 6 mis. off Davaar 23 f.: Ailsa Craig 27 f.:
Strachur 8-36 f. (K.): Tarbert 50 f. (S.).

Manzonia [ = Rissoa] zetlandica (Mont.). — Scarce : Lamlash : Bute (L.): L.
Fyne (N.): Tan 15-30 f. (d.): Silvercraigs 20 f. (d.) (B.): Tarbert Bank (S.):
Cumbrae 20 f. (Mar.): Tan 7-1 0 f. : Skelmorlie 7-18 f. : Lamlash: L. Cumbrae
40 f. (Som.): off Mull of Kintyre 9 mis. 55 f.: inside Sanda 25 f. (K.).

M. COStata (./. Ad.).— r. and gen. (d.); Ayr: Bute (Sm.): Lamlash (L. N. B.).

Zippora [ = Rissoa] membranacea (J. Ad.), [ = membranacea, var. elata].—

Cumbrae (R. Som.): E. L. Tarbert (S.): Lamlash (N.).
var. labiosa, Mont. [ = membranacea]. — Not unc. and widely dist.

Onoba [ = Rissoa] striata (J. Ad.). — Very abund.
var. Candida, Brown. — Skipness (Som.).
var. aculeus, Gould [ = arctica]. — (d.) c., rarer (L); Arran (Som.): Kyles

20 f. (K.).
var. distorta, Mar. — Bet. Sanda and the Mull 19 f. : inside Sanda 25 f. (K.).

Ceratia [= Rissoa] proxima, Aid. — Very r.; Machrie B. 20-29 f.: off Mull of
Kintyre 9 mis. 55 f.: inside Sanda 25 f. (K.): Lamlash 12-15 f. (H. Som.):
Brodick 40 f. (Som.).

Hyala [ = Rissoa] vitrea (Mont.). — Local and r. ; Lamlash (L.): Ayr (Sm.):
Largs 20-25 f. (R.): Portincross 30-44 f.: L. Cumbrae, 15-65 f.: Millport
7 f.: Kilbrennan Sd. 55 f. (Som.): Machrie B., 20-29 f.: bet. Ailsa and
Corsewall 60 f. (K.).

Setia [ = Rissoa] fulgida (J. Ad.). — Scarce: Kames Bay: Lamlash (N. L.):
Cumbrae (B.): Skipness (Som.).

S. obtusa (Cant.\ [ = soluta]. — Local, but not r.

Cingula [= Rissoa] semistriata (Mont.).-r.; Lamlash (L.): Cumbrae (R.):
bet. Sanda and the Mull 19 f.: off Mull of Kintyre 9 mis. 55 f.: inside
Sanda 25 f.: Gareloch 16-23 f. (K.).

C. trifasciata, J. Ad. [ = cingillus]. — Not unc. throughout the district.

Galeodina [ = Rissoa] carinata, da 0. [ = striatula]. — r.: Cumbrae: Arran
(Sm. L.): Lamlash (N. Som.): Ayr (Sm.): Girvan: St. Ninian's Bay (R.):
Silvercraigs 12 f. (d.) (B.).

[Barleeia rubra (Mont.\ — Lamlash B.: Bute (L.): "requires confirmation"
(J.).]

Fam. Assimineidae.

Paludestrina [ = Hydrobia] stagnalis (Bast.). [ = ulvae]. — Widely dist. on mud

flats ; pools on Burnt Islands, Kyles of Bute : Horse I. Ardrossan (K.).

var. barleei, Jeff.—L. Fyne 70 f., r. (M'A.): Faslane B. Gareloch 16-23 f. (K.).

Fam. Jeffreysiidae.

Jeffreysia diaphana (Aid.). — Abund. on Outer Allans (N.): Brodick (Som.):

Battery Pt., Cumbrae, scarce (B.).
J. opalina, Jeff. — Somewhat c. off Shellbole B., Cumbrae : and Battery Pt. (B.):

Outer Allans abund. (N.).

MARINE MOLLUSCA; GASTROPODA. 201

Fam. Adeorbidae.

Adeorbis subcarinatus (Mont.).— Lamlash B. (L. N.): Cumbrae : Bute (R.) :
a few (d.) off Silvercraigs (B.).

Fam. Skeneidae.

Skenea planorbis (Fabr.). — Abund. and widely dist.
var. trochiformis, Jeff. — Arran (Mar. Som.).

Fam. Homalogyridae.

Homalogyra atomus (Phil.}. — Mod. c.

var. vitrea, Jeff. — L. Fyne (Bar.).

H. rota (F. and H.). — r. ; Arran (L. N.): L. Cumbrae (R.): Ayr B.: Campbel-
town L. (S.).

Fam. Capulidae.

Capulus hungaricus (L.). — Fairly c.

Fam. Cypraeidae.

Trivia [ = Cypraea] europaea (Mont.}. — Very c. (c?.); rather scarce (L).
[Erato [ = Marginella] laevis (Don.). — Ayr (Sm.), the only record.]

Fam. Naticidae.

Natica (Lunatia) sordida, Phil. — Mod. r. ; Kilbrennan Sd. 25 f. (M'A. Hoy.
M.): L. Fyne (Bar. N. M.): Bute (R.): Bogany (d.) (B.): Brodick 90 f.:
Inchiuarnock 37-104 (c?.): Cumbrae 60 f.: L. Goil 45 f. (Hoy.): Sanda :
Campbeltown 8-22 f.: L. Striven 10-20 f.: Saddell (M.): Ailsa Craig (G.):
Irvine (d.) (Sth.).

N. (Lunatia) catena (da C.). — Not unc.

N. (Lunatia) alderi, Forb. — Very c.

N. (Lunatia) montagui, Forb. — Abund.

Fam. Lamellariidae.

Lamellaria perspicua (L.). — Scarce and local : Holy I. (G. & M.): Lamlash
(L.): Gourock (Kennedy): Allans (N.): Cumbrae (R. B.): E. L. Tarbert
shore (S. Som.).

Velutina laevigata (Penn.).—c.

Velutella [ = Velutina] flexilis (Mont.\ [ - plicatilis]— Very r., Clyde 20 f. (F.):
L. Fyne one in 25 f. (M'A. Bar.): one at Bogany Pt, 12-15 f. (B.): Kil-
brennan Sd. (C.).

Fam. Cerithiidae.

Bittium [ = Cerithium] reticulatum (da C.). — Not unc.

Triforis [ = Cerithium] peryersa (L.).— Mod. r. (L) ; Cumbrae (Sm. N. B.) :
Lamlash (L.) : Tarbert Bank (d.) (S.) : off Mull of Kin tyre 9 mis. 55 f.:
inside Sanda 25 f. (K.).

Cerithiopsis tubercularis (Mont.). — Rather r., (£.); L. Fyne (Bar.): E. L. Tar-
bert (S.): Lamlash (L. N.): L. Ranza 18 f. (Som.) : Sanda 19 f. : off Mull of
Kintyre 9 mis. 55 f. (K.) : off Duuoon 6-28 f. (C.) : Cnmbrae (N. B.).

Fam. Scalidae.

Scala [ = Scalaria] turtonis (Turt.). — Scarce; Cumbrae 2 (?.)(K): Lamlash(L.):
Bogany: Ascog : W. coast of Cumbrae (d.) (B.): Corriegills (N.): Salt-
coats(Som.): Irvine (Sth.): Dunoon basin 10-15 f. (M.): Inchmarnock (C1.).

S. clathrus(Z.)[ = communis] — Very r.: Lamlash (L.N.): Gourock (Hennedy):
Irvine : Ardeer (d.) (Sth.).

[Cioniscus [ = Aclis] albidus, G. Adams. [ = unicus]— The only records are
Lamlash (Sm. L.), awaiting confirmation.]

Aclis ascaris (Turt.). — Very r. : Kilchattan B. (R.): Campbeltown L. 23 f. (K.).

202 MARINE MOLLUSCA ; GASTROPODA.

A. minor, Brown. [ = supranitida]--Veiy r. ; 2 (d.) outside Tan 18 f. (B.):
Tarbert Bank (S.) : off Pirnmill 73 f. : 6 nils, off Davaar 23 f. (K.).

Pherusina [ = Aclis] gulsonae, var. tenuicula, Jeff. — Lamlash B. (Bean.).

Fam. Pyramidellidae.

Odostomia lukisi, Jef.—r.; off Tarbert 25 f.: Lamlash B. 20 f . : Clyde 18 f.
(Som.).

0. conoidea, (Broc.). — c.

var. australis, Jeff. — 6 mis. off Davaar 23 f. (K.).

0. umbilicaris (Malm.). — Bather scarce; one (d.) outside Tan 15 f. (B.): Tan

]0 f. : Lamlash 17 f. : Skelmorlie 15 f. (Som.): L. Fyoe (Bar.),
var. elongata, Jeff. — Skelmorlie 15 f. : Lamlash 17 f. (Som.).

0. acuta, Je/.—One (1.) outside Tan 15-18 f. (B.) : L. Fyiie (M'A. Bar.) : Lam-
lash 12-15 f. : Skelmorlie 7-18 f. (Som.): Campbeltown L. 10 f. : bet. Ailsa
and Corsewall 60 f . : S.E. of Ailsa 27 f. : off Mull of Kintyre 9 mis.
55 f. (K.).
var. attenuata, Mar. — Clyde district (Mar.).

0. conspicua, Ald.—L. Fyne (M'Nab. S.): Lamlash B. 17 f. : L. Fyne 20 f.
(Som.).

0. unidentata, F. and H. — c.

0. turrita, Han. — Not unc. throughout the district,
var. nana, Mar. — Millport (Mar.).

0. plicata (Mont.).-r. ; Clyde 7 f. (F.): Bute (Sm.): Lamlash (L.).

Jordanula [ = Odostomia] nivosa (Mont.). — Cumbrae one (L) (R.) : Lamlash B.
(L.N.M'A.).

Liostomia [^Odostomia] clayula (Lov.). — L. Fyne 27 f. (Bar. Som.): Brodick
40 f. : Clyde 18 f. (Som.).

Brachystomia [ = Odostomia] albella (Lov.). — Not unc., but local.

B. rissoides (Han.).— "Not unc.

var. exilis, Jeff. — Cumbrae : Arran (Mar.).
B. ambigua, (Mat. and Rack.) [ = pallida]. — c.
var. crassa, 7%owip.— Clyde district (Mar.),
var. angusta, Jeff. — Lamlash (Som.).
Ondina [ = Odostomia] divisa (J. Adams.) [ = insculpta]. — Plentiful (d.)

rather scarce (L).

0. diaphana (Jeff.).— Very r. ; Clyde 18 f. (Som.).

0. obliqua (Aid.). — Scarce; Bute(R.): Cumbrae: Ascog(o?.)(B.): Tarbert(S.).
Pyrgulina [ = Odostomia] decussata (Mont.).— Scarce ; Lamlash (L. N.): off

Ascog 15 f. (B.): Tan 7-10 f. (Som.).

P. indistincta (Mont.). — Not unc. throughout the district.
P. interstincta (Mont.) [ = var. suturalis]. — c.

var. intermixta, Mtros.— Pirnmill 21 f. (K.).
P. eximia (Je/.).—Very r. ; S.E. of Ailsa 1 mile 27 f. (K.).
P. fenestrata (Forb.).- — One off Kilchattan B. : two from St. Ninian's B., Bute

(B.) ; very r.

Spiralinella [ = Odostomia] spiralis (Mont.). — Gen. dist.
var. coarctata, Mar. — Off Mull of Kintyre 60 f. (K.).
Miralda [ = Odostomia] excavata (Phil.).— Lamlash B. (L. Bean. N.): Tan

7-10 f. (Som.): Skelmorlie: Dunoon (Mar.).
Pyrgostelis [ = Odostomia] scalaris var. rufescens, Forb. — Scarce, but

widely dist.
P. interrupta (Totten.) [ = rufa var. fulvocincta]. — Not unc.

var. rufa, Phil. [ = 0. rufa]. — Less c., but widely dist.
[Turbonilla [ = Odostomia] lactea (L.)— Tan 15 f. (d.) (B.).]
Eulimella [ = Odostomia] scillae (Scac.). — Not unc., widely dist., but gen.(<i).
E. cqmmutata (Mort.) [ = acicula]. — Scarce; L. Fyne (F. & H. Bar. R.) :
Strachur 42-56 f. : off Mull of Kintyre 9 nils. 55 f. : Campbeltown L.

MARINE MOLLUSCA; GASTROPODA. 203

10-23 f. : bet. Ailsa and Corsewall 27-60 f. : off Davaar 26 f. : Carradale
23 f. (K.) : Lamlash (Som.): L. Cumbrae 20 f. (B.).

E. ventricosa (Forb.). — r.; L. Fyne (Bar.): bet. Ailsa and Corsewall 60 f. (K.).

E. nitidissima (Mont.). — r.; off Horse I.: Cumbrae (R.): Arran (M'A.): Lam-
lash (L.) : Millport (N.) ; one specimen in each locality.

Fam. Eulimidae.

Eulima pplita (L.). — Not unc.

E. ephamilla, Wats. — Arran 31 f. (Mar.) ; r.

E. intermedia, Gantr. — r. ; Lamlash (N.) : L. Cumbrae 20 f. (B.) : off Mull of

Kintyre, 9 mis. 55 f. : Sanda to Carradale 18-21 f. (K.) : Inveraray 10-40 f. :

Otter (C.);

var. rubrotincta (Jeff.). — L. Fyne (J.) : Tan 7-10 f. (Som.).
E. incurva (Renter.) [ = distorta]. — Gen. dist.

E. gracilis, Forb. [ = distorta var. gracilis]. — Not unc. in the district.
E. (Leiostraca) bilineata (Aid.). — Locally dist., but scarce.

Fam. Caecidae.

Caecum imperforatum (G. Adams.) [ = trachea]. — Local and gen. (d.).
C. glabrum (Mont.). — Not unc. throughout the district.

Fam. Turritellidae.

Turritella communis, Lmlc. [ = terebra]. — Abund.
var. nivea, Jeff. — Much less freq. than the type.

Fam. Trichotropidae.
Trichotropis borealis, Brod. and Soiv. — Not unc., and widely dist.

Fam. Aporrhaidae.

Aporrhais pes-pelecani (L.).—c.

var. albida, Jeff. — Off Campbeltown 22 f. (R.).
[A. serresianus, var. macandreae, Jeff. — Lamlash (L.), awaits confirmation.]

Fam. Buccinidae.
Buccinum undatum, L. — Very c.

var. littoralis, King. — Fin try B. (B.).
var. striata, Penn. — Ayrshire (M'A.).

[Donovania [ = Lachesis] minima (Mont.). — N. of Sanda 19 f. (M.) ? : Son
tablet in Millport Marine Station Museum marked 'shore Cumbrae'
(R.), doubtful.]

Neptunea_{ = Fusus] antiqua (L.). — c.

[Volutopsis [ = Fusus] norvegicas (Chem.). — Bute (Sm), probably from post-
glacial beds.]

Tritonofusus [ = Fusus] gracilis, da Costa. — c.

T. (Siphonorbis) propinquus (Aid.). — Near Kirn ? (Mrs. Brockbank, J. of
Conch, vi. p. 386): Carradale B. (d.) : bet. Ailsa and Sanda (G.).

Fam. Muricidae.

Ocinebra [ = Murex] erinacea (Z.).--Bute : Ayr (Sm.): Clyde 15 f. (d.) (F.):

Ardrossan (Som.) : very r.
Trophon muricatus (Mont.). — r. ; Upper L. Fyne 12-25 f. (M.): Tarbert

Bank (S.).
var. barvicensis, Johnst. [ = T. barvicensis]. — Scarce: Lamlash (L. S.): L.

Fyne (Bar.) : Skelmorlie : Tarbert 25-50 f. : Cumbrae 40 f. (Som.) : off

Holy I. -20 f. (Hend.): bet. Sanda and the Mull 19 f. : off Mull of

Kintyre 9 mis. 55 f . : inside Sanda 25 f. (K.): Kyles 7-15 f. : Inveraray

10-40 f. (d.) : Kilbrennan Sd. (d.) (C.).
T. clathratus var. tmncata, Strom. [ = T. truncatus].— Scarce, but widely

dist.

204 MARINE MOLLUSCA ; GASTROPODA.

Purpura lapillus (L.). — Very abund.

var. major, Jeff. — Kenmore, L. Fyne (K.).

Fam. Nassidae.

Nassa reticulata (L.}. — c. throughout the district.
N. incrassata (Strom.). — Locally abund.

var. minor, Jeff. — Brodick (Som.).

N. pygmaea (Lmk.).— Rather r. : Minard 7-20 f. : N. of Sanda 19 f.: L. Goil
9-20 f. : Dunoon basin 6-20 f. : off Carradale 16-20 f. (M.): Cumbrae (R.) :
Sanda to the Mull 19 f. (K.).

Fam. Pleurotomidae.
Bela [ = Pleurotoma] turricula (Mont.). — c.

var. rosea, M. Sars. — Clyde district (B.) : Ardentinny 10-30 f. (C.).
B. trevelyana (Turt.).— Ayr (Sm.): U. L. Fyne 11-20 f. (M.).

B. rufa (Mont.).— Scarce ; L. Fyne (Bar.) : Lamlash (d.) (L. G. & M.).

var ulideana, Thomp. — Clvde district (Evton) : one off King's Cross

(G. &M.).
[Spirotropis [ = Pleurotoma] modiola (Crist, and Jan.) [ = carinata]. — Dunoon

basin 20 f. (M.), very doubtful.]
Haedropleura [ = Pleurotoma] ecostata (da Costa) [ = septangularis]. — Ayr:

Bute(Sm.): Lamlash (N.): Cumbrae (R,); r.
Mangilia [ = Pleurotoma] striolata (/Stare.). — Scarce: L. Cumbrae 15-20 f.

(N. B.) : Otter (d.) (B. C.) : Lamlash (L.) : Tighnabruaich (Sv.) : N. of

Sanda 19 f.: Dunoon basin 10-20 f. (M.) : gen. (d.).
M. attenuata (Mont.)— Clyde 15-20 f. (d.)(F.): Lamlash (L.): Minard 12-20 f.:

Sanda 19 f. (M.) ; very r.
M. COStata (Don.). — Abund., but usually (d.).

var. coarctata, F. and IT. — Carradale 23 f. : Davaar 21 f. (K.).
M. brachystoma (Phil.). — Not unc. : Portincross 30-44 f.: Catacol 25 f.: Kil-

brennanSd. 55 f.: Cumbrae 40 f. (Som.): Machrie B. 20-29 f.: off Davaar

6 mis. 23 f. (K.) : Rothesay (d.) (B.).
M. nebula (Mont.). — Scarce ; Bute (Sm.): Lamlash (L.): Cumbrae (R. B.): Moll

Dhu 10-25 f. (B.) : L. Ranza 18 f. 7-10 f. (Som.).
var. vittata, Norm. [ = P. laevigata]. — Minard 15-20 f.: Dunoon basin 20 f.:

off Carradale 16-20 f. (M.).

var. elongata, Jeff. — Sanda to Carradale 18-21 f. (K.).
Teres [=Defrancia] anceps (Eichw.) [ = teres].--Very sparingly over the

district.

Bellardiella [ = Defrancia] gracilis (Mont.). — Scarce, but generally dist.
Clathurella [ = Defrancia] leufroyi var. boothi, Brown. [ = D. leufroyi].-

Sparsely dist. throughout the district.

C. linearis (Mont.). — Not unc. aud widely dist.

var. intermedia, F. and H. [ = aequalis]. — Off Silvercraigs, L. Fyne (B.).
C. reticulata, Ren. — r. ; Upper L. Fyne 12-15 f.: off Carradale 18 f. (M.):
Garroch Hd. (R.): Lamlash 15 f. (Som.): off Inchmarnock 8-15 f.: Skipness
29 f. (d.) (C.).

var. asperrima, F. and H. [=formosa]. — Lamlash 15 f. (Som.).
C. purpurea (Mont.). — Very sparingly, Clyde 15-20 f. (d.) (F.) : off Clachland
' Pt.(N.): Ayr: Arran (Sm.): Cumbrae (R.): Lamlash (H.): Tan 10-20 f.:
off Otter (d.) (B.) : Upper L. Fyne 10-20 f. : N. of Sanda 19 f. : Farland
Pt. 2 f. (M.).
var. philberti, Mich. — Outer Allans, Cumbrae (N.).

OPISTHOBRA NCHIA .

Fam. Actaeonidae.

Actaeon tornatilis (L.). — Sparsely, but widely dist,
var. bullaeformis, Jeff.—'L. Fyne 40-45 f. (M'Nab).

MARINE MOLLUSCA; GASTROPODA. 205

Fam. Tornatinidae.

Tornatina [ = Utriculus] mammillata (Phil.). — Scarce (I.) : Lamlash B. 17 f.
(Bar. N. Som.) : Curubrae (R.) : Tan : Ascog : Bogany : off Silvercraigs
8-12 f. (B.) : Skelmorlie 7-15 f. (Som.) : Machrie B. 25 f. (K.).

T. truncatula (Brug.). — Rather c. throughout the district.

T. obtusa (Mont.). — Not c. ; L. Fyne (J.R.) : Lamlash (L.) : Tan : off Silver-
craigs 8 f. (B.) : Ardeer to Irvine, freq. (d.) (Sth.).

T. [ = Cylichna] nitidula (Lov.). — Widely, but locally dist., not c.

T. [ = Cylichna] umbilicata (Mont.).— Locally dist. throughout the district,
var. strigella (Lw.).—U. L. Fyne 20 f. : L. Goil 24-40 f. (M.).

Diaphana [ = Utriculus] hyalina (Tart.). — Not unc.

Fam. Scaphandridae.
Scaphander lignarius (L.).—c.
Volvulella [ = Cylichna] acuminata (Drug.). — Rather r. ; Tan 10 f. (B.) : L.

Fyne (Bar. A. J. M'A. R. Som.) : Strachur 25 f. (K.) : Lamlash (A. L.).
Bulliiiella [ = Cylichna] cylindracea (Penn.). — Very c.
var. linearis, Jeff. — L. Fyne (J.).

Fam. Bullidae.

[Haminaea [ = Bulla] hydatis, L.—d. w. of U. L. Fyne (M.) — awaits confir-
mation.]
Eoxania [ = Bulla] utriculus, Broc. — Widely dist., but scarce.

var. oblonga, Jeff. — one from L. Fyne (J.).

Acera bullata, MiilL — Verv scarce ; Avr : Arran : Bute (Sin.) : Lamlash B.
(L. N.) : Tarbert (Som. S.) : Fax-land Pt. (B.) : Cumbrae (R.).

Fam. Philinidae.

Philine scabra (MiilL). — Not unc. over all the district.

P. catena (Mont.). — Scarce; Lamlash 10-15 (L. H. Som.) : Bute (L.) : Ascog

8-10 f. (B.) : U. L. Fyne 35 f. (M.) : Dunderave to Cairndow (G.).
P. punctata (Clark). — Scarce ; Cumbrae (L. R.) :' Tan 10 f. (B.) : Lamlash

15 f. (L. Som.) : L. Ranza 18 f. : off Portincross 30-44 f. (d.) (Som.) : U. L.

Fyne 70 f. (M.) : Campbeltown L. 10 f. (K.).

P. pminosa (Clark). — Very r. ; L. Fyne (Bar.): Tan 3-15 f. : two living (B.).
P. aperta (L.). — Not unc. throughout the district.

Fam. Limacinidae.

Limacina [ = Spirialis] retroversa (Flem.). — Lamlash (Sm. L.) : L. Fyne (S.) :
Strachur 56 f . (K.) ; r.

Fam. Aplysiidae.

Aplysia punctata, Guv. — Fairly freq.

A. depilans (L.). — Gourock (Kennedy) : Ardrossan r. (L).

Fam. Pleurobranchidae.

Pleurobranchus plumula (Mont.). — Scarce; Maybole (Sm.) : Cumbrae, 1. w. m.

and fishermen's lines 15 f. (R.) : Farland Pt., Cumbrae (B.) : E. L. Tarbert

(S.) : 3 bet. Pladda and Ayr (G.).
Oscanius [ = Pleurobranchus] membranaceus (Mont.). — Off Garnock Beacon

25 f. (R.): Cumbrae (N.): freq. taken in S.Y. "Medusa."

Fam. Runcinidae.
Runcina coronata Quatr. [=hancocki]. — r. ; Cumbrae (N.); E. L. Tarbert (S).

NUDIBRANCHIA.

Fam. Hermaeidae.

Hermaea bifida (Mont.). — Cumbrae, dredged on Grijfithsia corallina, mod. c.
(R.) : E. L. Tarbert (S.) ; r.

206 MARINE MOLLUSCA ; GASTROPODA.

H. dendritica (A. and H.). — Farland Pt., Cumbrae (R.).

Alderia modesta, Lov. — Among zostera nr. head of E. L. Tarbert (S.).

Fam. Elysiidae.
Elysia viridis (Mont.).—c.

Fam. Limapontiidae.
Limapontia capitata (Mull.) [ = nigra]. — Farland Pt., rock pools, abund. (N.).

Fam. Eolididae.
Eolis papillosa (L.). — c.
Aeolidella [ = Eolis] glauca (A.andH.). — Kilchattan B. 1. w. : Port Bamia-

tyne 1. w. (R.).

Ae. alderi (Cocks.). — Under stones ; Cumbrae (R.).
Cuthona [ = Eolis] nana, A. and H. — Cumbrae, once dredged on shell with

Pagurus bernhardus (R.) : Gourock B. in similar habitat (Grieve).
C. aurantia, A. and H. — Under stones near 1. w. m. ; Ardrossan, r. (A. & H.) :

Lamlash (L.): Cumbrae, mod. r. 25 f. (R.): Kyles 7 f. (B.).
Cratena [ = Eolis] amoena (A. and H.). — Cumbrae, r., on Sertularia polyzonia

10 f. (R.): Holy I. 20 f. (A.): Kyles 7 f. (B.).
C. viridis (Forb.).— Saltcoats : Portin cross 1. w. m. (L.) : Cumbrae, mod. c.

(R.) : Holy I. 20 f. (H.) : Bute (B.).
var. glottensis (A. and H.). — Scarce : Lamlash B. on P. operculans (A.) :

Cumbrae on zoophytes 10 f. (R.) : Holy I. W. side 15-20 f. (?) (H.) : Lam-
lash (L.).

C. olivacea (A. and H.). — Bet. t. m., Rothesay (A. & H.) : Ardrossan : Salt-
coats : Lamlash (A. L.) : Cumbrae once (R.).
C. concinna (A. and H.). — fealtcoats (L.) : Cumbrae once at 1. w. m. (R.) :

Kyles (B.).

C. peachi (A. and H.). — One dredged at Cumbrae (R.).
Tergipes [ = Eolis] despectus (Johnst.). — c. at S. W. entrance to Lamlash:

Tarbert : L. Ranza (H.).
Embletonia pulchra (A. and H.). — At 1. w. m., Rothesay (A.) : Saltcoats :

Lamlash (L.).

Amphorina molios, Herd. — Two off Port Lewis, Lamlash 10 f. (H.).
Galvina [ = Eolis] cingulata, A. and H. — Cumbrae once at 1. w. m. (R.).
G. picta, A. and H. — r. ; Cumbrae on Tubidaria indivisa (R.): Port Lewis to

the Cordon 10-20 f. (H.): Lamlash (L.): Kyles: Ascog 6-8 f. (B.): E. L.

Tarbert (S.).
G. tricolor (Forb.). — Lamlash 10 f. (L. H.) : Cumbrae (R.) : E. L. Tarbert as

E. far rani (S.).
G. exigua (A. and //.). — Mod. r. : Cumbrae, 1. w. m. and dredged on Laminaria

saccharina (R.).
Coryphella [ = Eolis] rufibranchialis (Johnst.) [including E. smaragdina, A.

and H. and E. pellucida, A. and HJ\ — Clyde district at 1. w. m. (A. & H.):

Lamlash B. 5-15 f. (L. H.) : Cumbrae : Kilchattan Bay as E. gracilis (R.).
C. lineata (Lov.). — Verv r. ; Saltcoats (L.) : Cumbrae 25 f. (R.) : Bute S.

end (B.).

C. landsburgi (A. and H.). — Very r. ; Saltcoats (L.) : Cumbrae (N.).
Favorinus [ = Eolis] albus (A. and H.). — c. ; Rothesay 1. w. m. (A. & H.) : Ar-
drossan (L.) : Lamlash B. (A. L.) : Cumbrae (N. R.) : E. L. Tarbert (S) :

Ascog (B.) : Kilchattan B. (R).
Facelina [ = Eolis] coronata, F. and Goods. — Mod. c. : Rothesay B. ( A. & H.) :

Cumbrae : Arran (N. R.) : Lamlash 3-21 f. (H. L.) : Bute (B.) : Saltcoats

(L.) : L. Ranza (H.).
F. drummondi, Thomps. — c.

Proctonotus mucroniferus (A. and H.). — S. E. of Holy I. 15 f. (H.).
Hero formosa (Lov.).- -Very r. : Cumbrae (R.): Lamlash 10-20 f. (H.).

MARINE MOLLUSCA ; GASTROPODA. 207

Fam. Lomanotidae.
Lomanotus genei, Ver. [ = flavidus] — Larnlash B. 4 f., one specimen (A.).

Fam. Dotonidae.

Doto fragilis (Forb.). — Mod. r. : Lamlash B. (A. L. N.): Port Lewis to the
Cordon 10-20 f. : Holy I. 15 f. : L. Ranza (H.): Cumbrae (N.R.): Kyles
8 f. (B.).

D. coronata (Gmel.). — Mod. c.

Fam. Dendronotidae.
Dendronotus frondosus (Ascan.) [ = arborescens] — Locally c.

Fam. Scyllaeidae.

[Scyllaea pelagica, L. — One specimen taken in tow-net by Gray off Biol.
Station, Millport, accidentally destroyed before verified absolutely, but
prob. correct.]

Fam. Pleurophyllidiidae.

Pleurophyllidia loveni, Bergh. — Several times in L. Striven 37-40 f. (M.).

Fam. Tritoniidae.

Tritonia hombergi, Guv. — Not unc. ; Cumbrae (R.): Minard 11-25 f. : Gare-
loch : L. Striven 12-20 f. : L. Goil 14 f. and shore : Pladda 30-35 f. (M.) :
nr. Ailsa Craig (G.).

T. (Candiella) plebeia, Johnst. — c.

T. (Candiella) lineata, A. and H. — On Plumularia pinnata S. W. off Holy I.
20 f. (H.),

Fam. Dorididae.

Archidoris [ = Doris] tuberculata (Guv.}. — c.

A. flammea (A. and H.}. — Dredged on P. opercularis in shall, w. Rothesay B.

(A. & H.) : Lamlash (L.) : Cumbrae d. w. (N.).
Cadlina [ = Doris] obvelata (Miill.) [ = repanda] — Rather local ; Cumbrae once

(R.) : E. L. Tarbert r. (S.) : Ardmaleish Pt. Bute (B.).
Jorunna [ = Doris] johnstoni (A. and H.). — Mod. c.
Platydoris [ = Doris] testudinaria (Risso). — Lamlash B. 14-16 f. (A. & H.) :

nr. Cumbrae (R.).

Fam. Polyceridae.

Aegires punctilucens (d'Orb.). — Mod. c. : Ardrossan (A.) : Lamlash (A. L.) :
L. Ranza (H.) : Davaar I. (F.) : Cumbrae (R.) : E. L. Tarbert (S.).

Triopa clavigera (Mtill.). — c. in large rock pools.

Thecacera- pennigera (Mont.). — R. believed he took one at Cumbrae but it
died in transmission (N. H. S. Glasg. Trans., vol. i., p. 205), since certi-
fied by Collingwood (Mrs. R.).

Palio [ = Polycera]lessoni (d'Orb.).— Off Holy I. S.W. 20 f. (H.).

var. ocellata, A. and H. — Lamlash : Saltcoats (L.): Cumbrae mod. c. (R.):
E. L. Tarbert (S.).

Polycera quadrilineata (Mull.). — c. at low tide and in lam. zone.

Acanthodoris [ = Doris] pilosa (Mull.). — Mod c.

[Adalaria [ = Doris] proxima (A. and H.). — Cumbrae (?) (R.).]

Lamellidoris [ = Doris] aspera, A. and H. — Rather local : Ardrossan : Rothe-
say (A.) : Cumbrae bet. t. m. and on L. saccharina (R. B.).

L. bilamellata (L.). — c.

L. diaphana, A. and E. — Cumbrae (R.).

L. depressa, A. and H. — Two at Farland Pt. Cumbrae (B.).

L. inconspicua, A. and H. — Cumbrae at 1. w., Farland Pt. (R.).

Goniodoris nodosa (Mont.).— Holy I. one 1. w. (G. & M.) : Clachland Pt. (H.) :
Ardrossan (A.) : Saltcoats (L.) : Cumbrae (R.) : E. coast of Bute (B.) :
E. L. Tarbert (S.).

208 MARINE MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA.

G. castanea, A. and H. — Under stones near 1. w. ro. Saltcoats (L.) : off Whit-
ing B. 25 f. (H.)-

Idalina [ = Idalia] leachi (A. and //.).— Off Skate I., L. Fyne 105 f. (Hend.).

I. (Idaliella) aspersa (A. and H.).— Fintry B. (R.).

Ancula cristata (AM.).— Mod. c. ; Lamlash 10 f. (L. H. Birm. N. H. Soc.):
Cumbrae at 1. w. (R.): Kyles (B.): Portincross (L.).

PULMONATA.

Fam. Otinidae.

Otina Otis (Turt.). — Arran (N.): Clachland Pt. from washed weed : Cumbrae
(R).

Fam. Auriculidae.

Leuconia [ = Melampus] bidentata (Mont.). — Mod. c. but local : Lamlash B.

(N.): Bute(Sm.): Millport (Som. B. R.): Farland Pt. 20 or 30 (1.) (B.): E.

L. Tarbert (Steel. Som. S.).
Oncidiella [ = Oncidium] celtica (Cuv.). — Shore U. L. Fyne (M.).

CEPHALOPODA.

Fam. Loliginidae.

Loligo forbesi, Steens. — Machrie B. : off Pirnmill : 7 mis. S. W. of Ailsa

Craig (G.).
L. media (L.). — Maybole (Sm.): Lamlash B. (N.)

Fam. Sepiidae.

Sepia officinalis, L. — Ayr (Sm.): Ardeer to Irvine r., internal bone only
' (Sth.).

Fam. Sepiolidae.

Sepiola scandica, Steens. [ = rondeleti]. — Freq., esp. in trawlings (G.).
Rossia macrosoma (delle Ch.\ [including R. oweni, Ball.}. — L. Fyne: N. of

Sanda 22 f . : Dunoou basin 30-40 f . : Brodick 28-90 f . : Kilbfennan Sd.

22-49 f.: L. Goil 35-40 f.: Gareloch (M.): Machrie B.: off Pirnmill:

L. Gair to Minard : bet. Pladda and Ayr (G.), freq.

Fam. Octopodidae.

Polypus [ = Octopus] vulgaris, Lmlc. — Lamlash B. (Wyville Thomson):
Arran (L.): in herring nets, Laggan B. (S.): scarce, one (d.) Toward : one
Eothesay: one Millport (B.): Whiting B.: Ayr B.: very r. (G.). [N. and
Hoy. consider Clyde records very doubtful.]

Moschites [ = Eledone] cirrosa, Lmlc. — Freq.: Lamlash (L.): King's Cross
(H): Laggan B. (S.): off Shellbole, Cumbrae 12 f.: Rothesay (B.): Kil-
brennan Sd. 22 f. (Hoy.): U. L. Fyne 30 f.: Gareloch 8 f.: N. of Sanda
22 f.: L. Striven 15-25 f.: L. Goil, 10-40 f.: off L. Cumbrae 20 f.: Dunoon
basin (M.): Carradale B.: Ailsa Craig: Ayr B.: bet. Pladda and Ayr (G.).

BRACHIOPODA.

Fam. Craniidae.
Crania anomala, Null. — Mod. c. and widely dist.

Fam. Terebratulidae.
Macandrevia [ = Terebratula] cranium, Miill. — Very r. ; Tarbert, L. Fyne

30 f. (F.).
Terebratulina [ = Terebratula] caput-serpentis (L.). — Gen. dist., esp. in L.

Fyne, where it is c.

MARINE POLYZOA.
BY ALEXANDER GRAY, MARINE BIOLOGICAL STATION,

MlLLPORT, CUMBRAE.

CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE : Hincks, "British Marine Polyzoa."

ABBREVIATIONS.

B. =Jas. Bryce, LL.D., Arran and other Clyde Islands.

A. G: = Alexander Gray.

J. F. G. = James F. Gemmill, M.A., M.D., The University, Glasgow.

H. = Geo. C. Hyndman, "Dredging records from near Sanda L, off Mull of
Kintyre," (Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1842, p. 70).

J. R. H. =Prof. J. R. Henderson, " A dredging trip to Arran," (Scott. Natur-
alist, vol. ii., N. S., 1885-86, p. 5).

W. A. H. = Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.R.S., "Invertebrate Fauna of Lamlash
Bay " (Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin. Trans., vols. v. vi., 1880.

W. E. H. = W. E. Hoyle, M.A., F.R.S.E., "Deeper water Fauna of Clyde Sea-
Area," (Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.}, vol. xx., p. 244, 1890).

T. H. = Thomas Hincks.

H. P. = When placed after initials or name of an authority, implies that the
record is to be found in Hincks' Brit. Mar. Polyzoa, 1880.

L. =Rev. David Landsborough and his son, Arran, its Topography, Natural
History, etc., 1875.

M.=MS. records of S. Y. " Medusa," published by Thos. Scott, F.L.S. in
15th Ann. Rep. Fishery Bd. for Scotland, pt. iii, p. 156, 1896.

A. M. N.=^Rev. Canon A. M. Norman, D.C.L., F.R.S.

R.=The late David Robertson, LL.D., F.G.S.

M. B. S. = Marine Biological Station, Millport, Cumbrae.

W.T.= William Thompson, Belfast.

C. = common, r. =rare, litt. = littoral, 1. w. m. = low water mark, t. m. = tide
marks.

GROUP A. ECTOPROCTA.

ORDER GYMNOLAEMATA.
Sub-order I. Cheilostomata.

Fam. Aeteidae.

Aetea anguina, Linn.— Ayrshire (L.), H. P.

A. recta, Hincks.— Rather r. ; Lamlash (T. H.), H. P. ; off M. B. S., Cumbrae

15 f. (A. G.).

A. truncata, Landsb.— Lamlash B. 10-20 f. (W. A. H.), H. P.

O

210 MARINE POLYZOA.

Fam. Eucratiidae.

Eucratea chelata, Linn. — C. ; off Blind Man's Rock, Campbeltown ; Keppel

pier (R.) ; Ayrshire (L.), H. P. ; Arran (L.) ; off Lion Rock, Cumbrae

10 f. (A. G.).
Gemellaria loricata, Linn. — C. ; Cumbrae; L. Fyne 15 f. (R., M.); Lamlash

B. (W. A. H.) ; Keppel, Cumbrae 12 f. (A. G.).
Scruparia clavata, Hincks. — Lamlash B. (T. H.), H. P.
S. chelata, Linn. — Lamlash B. 8-13 f. (W. A. H.) ; not in Hincks, probably

= preceding sp. (?).

Fam. Cellulariidae.

Scrupocellaria scruposa, Linn.—C. everywhere ; Cumbrae, litt. (R) ; Lam-
lash B. 5-25 f. (W. A. H.) ; off M. B. S., Cumbrae 15 f. (A. G.).

S. scrupea, Busk. — Cumbrae, on seaweeds (R.).

S. reptans, Linn. — C. everywhere on seaweeds ; Cumbrae (R.) ; Kilbrennan
basin 64 f. (W. E. H.) ; off Lion Rock, Cumbrae 10 f. (A. G.).

Fam. Bicellariidae.
Bicellaria ciliata, Linn. — Rather r. ; Ayrshire (L.), H. P. ; Lamlash B.

14-20 f. (W. A. H).
Bugula avicularia, Linn. — R. ; Lamlash B. (W. A. H.) ; Kilbrennan Sd. 35 f.

(J. F. G.), on Flustra secufrons.
B. turbinata, A Ider.— Kilbrennan basin 30-50 f . (W. E. H) ; L. Fyne, E. Side

10-20 f. ; Mull of Kintyre 30-50 f. (M.).
B. purpurotincta, Norman. — Kilbrennan Sd. 17-20 f. (R.).

B. Murrayana, Johnston. — Lamlash B. (T. H.), H. P.
Beania mirabilis, Johnston. — Lamlash (T. H.), H. P.

Fam. Cellariidae.

Cellaria fistulosa, Linn. — Lamlash 20 f. (W. A. H., L.), H. P. ; Kilbrennan
basin 25-64 f. (W. E. H.) ; Cumbrae 10-15 f. (R., A. G.).

C. sinuosa, Hassall. — Mod. c. ; Tan buoy, Cumbrae 10 f. (A. G.) ; Arran (L.).

C. Johnsoni, Busk. — Very r. ; Kilbrennan S. 30 f. (A. G.) ; a few small

branches on Cellepora ranulosa.

Fam. Flustridae.

Flustra foliacea, Linn. — Mull of Kintyre, 50 f. ; Campbeltown (R.) ; Kil-
brennan basin 25-49 f. (W. E. H.) ; Arran 14-21 f. (B., W. A. H.) ; Kil-
brennan Sd. 35 f. (J. F. G.).

F. papyracea, Ell. and Sol. — Lamlash B. 3-10 f. (W. A. H.).

F. secufrons, Pallas. — Mod c. ; Campbeltown (R.) ; 2 miles E. of Sanda I.
40 f. (H.), H. P. ; Kilbrennan basin 65 f. (W. E. H.) ; Kilbrennan Sd.
35 f. ( J. F. G.).

F. carbasea, Ell. and Sol.— Lamlash B. 3-10 f. (W. A. H.).

Fam. Membraniporidae.

Membranipora catenularia, Jameson. — Mod. c. ; Mull of Kintyre 40 f.

(H.), H. P. ; Cumbraes (R., A. G.) ; Kilbrennan basin 50 f. (W. E. H.) ;

Arran 20 f. (W. A. H., D. L.).
M. pilosa, Linn. — C. ; Cumbrae (R. & A. G.); Kilbrennan basin 50 f . ;

Inchmarnock basin 104 f. (W. E. H.) ; U. L. Fyne 10-20 f. (M.).
M. membranacea, Linn. — C. everywhere on Laminaria, etc.
M. lineata, Linn. — Very c. ; Cumbraes (R., A. G.) ; Arran ( W. A. H., L.).
M. craticula, Alder. — R. ; Tan buoy, Cumbrae 10 f. (A. G.).
M. spinifera, Johnston. — R. ; Tan buoy, Cumbrae 10 f. (A. G.).

D. unicornis, Fleming. — R. ; off Farland Pt., Cumbrae 10 f. (A. G.).

M. Mumerilii, Audouin. — Rather r. ; off Farland Pt., Cumbrae 10 f. (A. G);
Arran (T. H.), H. P.

MARINE POLYZOA. 211

M. imbellis, Hincks.— R, ; off M. B. S., Curubrae 15 f. (A.G.).
M. Flemingii, Busk. — Kilbrennan basin 65 f. (W. E. H.) ; Minard, U. L. Fyne
10-15 f. (M.) ; Cumbrae (R.) ; Arran (L.).

Fam. Microporidae.
Micropora coriacea, Esper. — Off Sanda I. (H.), H. P.

Fam. Cribrilinidae.

Cribrilina radiata, Moll. — Lam lash (W. A. H.).

C. punctata, ffassal.—C. : Port Loy, Cumbrae, litt. (R., A. G.) ; Arran

(W. A. H.).
C. annulata, Fabr. — Mod. c. ; Ayrshire ; Arran ; Cumbrae (L.), H. P. ;

Cumbrae 3-5 f. (R.) ; Sanda I. (H.), H. P. ; Tan buoy 10 f. (A. G.).
C. figularis, Johnston. — R. ; Cumbrae (R.), on Laminaria.
Membraniporella nitida, Johnston. — R. ; Ayrshire (L.), H. P. ; Port Loy,

Cumbrae, litt. (A. G.).

Fam. Microporellidae.

Microporella ciliata, Pallas. — Mod. c. ; Kilbrennan basin 50 f. (W. E. H.) ;
Arran (D. L.) ; off Lion Rock, Cumbrae 10 f. (A. G.).

M. Malusii, Audouin. — C. ; Ayrshire (L.), H. P. ; off M. B. S., Cumbrae
15-20f. (A.G.).

M. impressa, Audouin. — Mod. c. ; Ayrshire (L.), H. P. ; Kilbrennan basin
50 f. (W. E. H.) ; Arran (L.) ; Minard, U. L. Fyne, 10-20 f. (M.) ; off
Lion Rock, Cumbrae 10 f. (A. G.).

Chorizopora Brongniartii, Audouin. — Mod. c. ; Ayrshire (L.), H. P. ; Lam-
lash B. 3-8 f. (W. A. H.) ; Sanda I. (H.), H. P. ; off M. B. S., Cumbrae,
10-1 5 f. (A.G.).

Fam. Myriozoidae.

Schizoporella unicornis, Johnston. — Ayrshire (L.), H. P. ; Cumbrae (R.) ;

Kilbrennan basin 25 f. (W. E. H.) ; Minard, U. L. Fyne, E. side

10-30 f. (M.).

S. spinifera, Johnston. — Lamlash (T. H.), H. P.
S. simplex, Johnston.— Off Sanda I. 40 f. (H.), H. P.
S. linearis, HassaU.—Off M. B. S., Cumbrae, l.w.m. to 12 f. (A. G.).
S. sinuosa, BusL—Of£ M. B. S., Cumbrae 12 f. (A. G.).
var. armata. Off Lion Rock, Cumbrae 10 f. (A. G.).
S. cruenta, Norman.— F. of Clyde 90 f. (A. M. N.) ; off Farland Pt, Cumbrae

(R.) ; off M. B. S., Cumbrae 12 f. (A. G.) ; Arran (B.) ; Minard, U. L.

Fyne (M.).
S. hyalina, Linn. — E. of Castle, L. Cumbrae (R.) ; Lamlash B. 5-15 f.

(W. A. H.) ; Tan buoy 10 f. (A. G).

Mastigophora Hyndmanni, Johnston. — Off Sanda L ; S.E. of Mull of Kin-
tyre 40 f. (H.), H. P.
Hippothoa divaricata, Lam. — Mod. c. ; Lamlash B. 10-20 f. (W. A. H.) ;

off M. B. S., Cumbrae 15 f. (A. G.).

var. carinata, Norman. — Kilbrennan basin 50 f. (W. E. H..)
H. flagellum, Manzoni.— Minard, U. L. Fyne 15 f. (M.).

Fam. Escharidae.

Lepralia Pallasiana, Moll. — C. ; Ayrshire (L.), H. P. ; Minard, U. L. Fyne

(M.) ; Arran (L.) ; Port Loy, Cumbrae, litt. (A. G.).
L. foliacea, Ell. and Sol— Lamlash B. 3-20 f. (W. A. H.).
L. pertusa, Esper. — Not c. ; off Sanda I. (H.), H. P. ; Arran (L.), H. P. ; off

Keppel Point, Cumbrae 15 f. (A. G).

212 MARINE POLYZOA.

Umbonella verrucosa, Esper. — E. ; off Lion Rock, Cumbrae 6 f. (A. G.)

Porella concinna, Busk. — Mod. c. ; off M. B. S., Cumbrae 15 f. (A. G.).

P. compressa, Sowerby. — Cumbrae (R.) ; Kilbreiman basin 25 f. (W. E. H.) ;

U. L. Fyne, E. Side 10-20 f. (M.).
P. laevis, Fleming. — Rothesay (R.).
Escharoides rosacea, Busk. — Very c. ; L. Fyne (A. M. N.), H. P. ; Minard,

L. Fyne (M.) ; off M. B. S., Cumbrae 15 f. (A.G.).
Smittia Landsborovii, Johnston. — Mod. c. ; Arran (L.) ; Lamlash B. (W. A.

H.) ; off M. B. S., Cumbrae 15 f. (A. G.).
S. reticulata, J. MacgilUvray. — L. Fyne (Lady Emma Campbell), H. P. ;

Kilbrennan basin 25 f. (W. E. H.) ; U. L. Fyne (M.).

S. trispinosa, Johnston. — Cumbrae (R.) ; Lamlash B, 15-25 f. (W. A. H.).
S. producta, (Packard) Hincks. — Nr. Lamlash; new to Britain; vide A.M.N.

(Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6., vol. iii., p. 430, pi. xxi., fig. 2).
Mucronella Peachii, Johnston. — Veryc. ; Kilbrennan basin 25-64 f.(W.E.H.);

Lamlash B. 10-20 f. (W. A. H.) ; off M. B. S., Cumbrae 15 f. (A.G.).
M. ventricosa, Hassall. — Mod. c. ; Sanda I. (H.), H. P. ; Kilbrennan basin

50 f. (W. E. H.); Lamlash B. (W.A.H.); off M. B. S., Cumbrae 12 f.

(A. G).

M. variolosa, Johnston. — Sanda I. 40 f. (H.), H. P.
M. COCCinea, Hincks. — Fairly c. ; Ayrshire (L.), H. P. ; Lamlash B. 10-20 f.

(W. A. H).

var. mamillata. Off Lion Rock, Cumbrae 15 f. (A. G.) ; fairly c.
Palmicellaria elegans, Alder. — L. Fyne (A. M. N.), H. P.
P. Skenei, Ell. and Sol.— Lamlash B. 5-15 f. (W. A. H.).

Fam. Celleporidae.

Cellepora pumicosa, Linn. — Cumbrae (R., A. G.) ; Kilbrennan basin 60 f.

(W.E.H.); Arran (B., L., W. A. H.), Minard, U. L. Fyne, E. Side,

15-20 f. (EL).
C. ramulosa, Linn. — C. on fishermen's lines; Campbeltown (R.); off Sanda I.

40 f. (H.), H. P. ; Kilbrennan basin 25-64 f. (W. E. H.) ; Arran (B.) ;

U. L. Fyne, E. Side 15-20 f. (M.) ; Kilbrennan Sd. 30 f. (A. G.)
C. avicularis, Hincks. — Kilbrennan basin 50-65 f. (W. E. H.) ; U. L. Fyne,

E. Side 15-20 f. (M.).

C. tubigera, Busk. — Lamlash B. (G. West.), H. P.
C. armata, Hincks.— R. ; off M. B. S., Cumbrae 10 f. (A. G).
C. costazii, Audouin. — Mod. c. ; Pt. of Ayr (T. H.), H.P. ; Ayrshire, on

Patella cerulea (L.), H. P. ; off Lion rock, Cumbrae 8 f. (A.G.).

Sub-Order II. Cydostomata.

Fam. Crisiidae.

Crisia cornuta, Linn. — Lamlash B. 5-8 f. ("W. A. H.) ; Arran (D. L.).

var. geniculata. Tan buoy, 10 f. (A. G.)

C. eburnia, Linn.— Ayrshire (R. & W. T.), H. P. ; Lamlash B. 15-55 f.
(W. A. H.) ; Minard, U. L. Fyne, E. side 15-20 f. (M.) ; off Lion rock,
Cumbrae 15 f. (A. G.).

var. aculeata. 50 f. ; Kilbrennan basin 25 f. (W. E. H.)
var. producta. 25 f. ; Kilbrennan basin (W. E. H.).
var. Geniculata, M. Edw. — Off Lion rock, Cumbrae 15 f. (A. G.).
C. denticulata, Lamk. — L. Goil (R.) ; off Keppel rock, Cumbrae (R.) : Kil-
brennan basin 64 f. (W. E. H.) ; Minard, U. L. Fyne, E side 15-20 f.
(M.) ; Lamlash B. 2-20 f. (W. A. H.).

MARINE POLYZOA. 213

Fam. Tubuliporidae.

Sotmatopora granulata, M. -Edwards. — Kilbrennan basin 65 f. (W. E. H.) ;

Minard, U. L. Fyne (M.) ; off M. B. S., Cumbrae 15 f. (A. G.).
S. major, Johnston.— Swifa, I. (W. T.) H. P. ; Arran (J. R. H.) ; S.E. of

Holy I. 20-25 f. (W. A. H.) ; off Farland Pt., Cumbrae 15 f. (A. G.).
S. dilatans, Johnston— Oft Sanda I. (H.) H.P. ; Arran (J. R. H.).
S. expansa, Hincks. — R. ; off Lion rock, Cumbrae 12 f. (A. G.).
S. incrassata, Smitt.—Qff M. B. S., Curabrae 15 f. (A. G.).
Tubulipora flabellaris, Fdbr. — Off Lion rock, Cumbrae 15 f. (A. G.).
T. fimbria, Lamk.— Lamlash B. 5-15 f. (W. A.H.).
Idmonea serpens, Linn. — Very c. ; Cumbrae (R.) ; Kilbrennan basin 65 f.

(W.E.H.); Lamlash B. 3-8 f. (W.A.H.); off Lion rock, Cumbrae

12 f. (A.G.).
Diastopora patina, Lamk. — Lamlash B. 4-20 f. ( W. A. H.) ; Arran

(J. R, H. & L.).
D. obelia, Johnston. — Cumbrae (R.) ; Kilbrennan basin 50-64 f. (W. E. H.) ;

U. L. Fyne, E. side 15-20 f. (M.).
D. suborbicularis, Hincks.— R. ; off M. B. S., Cumbrae 12 f. (A. G.).

Fam. Lichenoporidae.

Lichenopora hispida, Fleming. — Rothesay B. (T. H.), H.P. ; Cumbrae
(R., A. G.) ; Kilbrennan basin 25-64 f. (W. E. H.) ; Lamlash B. 10-20 f.
(W. A. H., L.) ; Minard, U. L. Fyne 15-20 f. (M.).
var. meandrina, Peach. — Kilbrennan basin 65 f. (W. E. H.).

L. vermcaria, Fabr.--Arra.ii (Busk.), H. P. ; Kilbrennan basin 50 f.
(W. E. H.) ; off M. B. S. ; Tan buoy, Cumbrae 10-12 f. (A. G.).

Sub-Order III. Ctenostomata.

Fam. Alcyonidae.

Alcyonidium gelatinosum, Linn. — Cumbrae (R., A. G.) ; c. from 1. w. m. to

mod. depths ; v. c. off Keppel and Farland Pts. 8-15 f.
A. hirsutum, Fleming. — Lamlash B. 12-25 f. (W. A. H.).

Fam. Flustrellidae.

Flustrella- hispida, Fabr. — C. everywhere bet. t. m. on Fucus serratus, etc. ;
Lamlash B. 10 f. (W. A. H.) ; Cumbrae (R., A. G.).

Fam. Vesiculariidae.

Vesicularia spinosa, Linn. — Kilbrennan basin 50 f. (W. E. H.) ; U. L. Fyne,

E. side 15 f. (M.).
Bowerbankia imbricata, Adams. — Lamlash B. 14-21 f. (W. A. H.).

Fam. Buskiidae.
Buskia nitens, Alder. — Lamlash B., on Zoophytes (W. A. H.).

Fam. Cylindroeciidae.
Cylindroecium dilatatum, Hincks. — Kilbrennan basin 65 f. (W. E. H.).

•

Fam. Valkeriidae.
Valkeria uva, Linn. — var. cuscuta. Ayrshire (L.), H. P.

214 MARINE POLYZOA.

GROUP B. ENTOPROCTA.

Fam. Pedicellinidae.

Pedicellina cernua, Pallas.— Lamlash B. 2-25 f. (W. A. H.) ; off Keppel Pt.,
Cumbrae 12 f., on Gemellaria loricata ; Old Castle B., L. Cum brae
15 f. (A. G.).

P. gracilis, Sars.—L&mla.sh (T. H.), H. P.

FRESH-WATER POLYZOA.
BY M. LAURIE.

ORDER PHYLACTOLAEMATA.

Cristatella mucedo, Guv. — Not unc. (T. Scott).
Lophopus crystallinus (Pall.}. — Bute ; Kintyre, etc. (T. Scott).
Alcyonella fungosa (Pall.). — St. Germain's L. Maiyhill (Nat. Hist. Soc.
Glasgow, vol. 2).

INSECTA.

ORDER HYMENOPTERA.
Sub-Order Terebrantia.

Fam. Tenthredinidae.
By AND. ADIE DALGLISH, F.E.S., 21 Princes St., Pollokshields.

AUTHORITY FOLLOWED : Pastor F. W. Konow, " Tenthredinidae Europae,"
Deut. Ent. Zeitschr.^ 1890, with a few subsequent alterations.

Almost all the specimens have been examined by the Rev. F. D. Morice,
F.E.S., or Pastor Konow.

AUTHORITIES FOR LOCALITIES ABBREVIATED : (A. F.), Anderson Fergusson ;
(T. G.), Thomas Grant ; (R, H.), Robert Henderson ; (J. M.), John R. Malloch ;
(G. W. O.), the late Geo. W. Ord.

The records only extend over the last two years.

m. = male ; f. = female; c. = common; r. =rare.

Lydini.

Lyda stellata, Christ.— One f. Gadder Wilderness, June, 1899 (T. G.).
Pamphilius silvaticus, L. — One f. Luss 4/6/00.
P. balteatus, Fall.— One f. Bonhill, June 1900 (J. M.).

Cephini.
Cephus pallipes, Klg. — One m. nr. Cambuslang 29/6/99.

Siricini.

Sirex juvencus, L. — Several taken lately, but all doubtlessly importations.

S. gigas, L. — Imported specimens freq. all over district. Seems permanently
established in wds. of Bute, Arran, and L. Riddon (J. Ballantyne,
Trans. G. N. H. S., V., N.S., 187-9) mm. scarce, if. very c.

Cimbicini.

Trichiosoma lucomm, L. — Larvae c., birch, July and Aug., one m. bred

Mch. 1899 from Gifthock.
T. tibialis, Ste. — Larvae c., hawthorn, nr. Glasgow, etc., July and Aug.

Two mm. bred Apl. 1900, Cadder (T. G.), one m. Crookston May 1899.
Abia sericea, L.— Freq. ; m. Eaglesham 12/6/99 (Mr. Eoss),j.if. Gl. Falloch

6/99 ; Bonhill 6/7/00 ; King's Cross, Arran 7/8/00.

Argini.

Arge cyanella, Klg. — One m. Barr, Ayrshire 6/00 (A. F.).
A. ustulata, L.— One f. Cadder Wilderness 10/6/00.

Lophyrini.
Lophyrus pini, L.— One f. Blairskaith Moor 29/6/99 (G. W. O.).

216 HYMENOPTERA.

Tenthredinini.

Trichlocampus viminalis, Fall. — One f. Inveruglas 12/9/96.

T. ulmi, L.— One f. West Kilbride 29/8/99.

Priophorus Padi, L.— f. Bonhill (J. M.); f. Giffnock 4/6/99; f.Crookston 6/6/99.

Dineura nigricans, Christ. — m. Bonhill 15/6/00 (J. M.); f. Pirnmill, Arran

6/00 (A. F.) ; f. Irvine 26/5/00.

D. testaceipes, Klg. — One f. Brother L., Renfrewshire 16/6/00.
Cryptocampus medullarius, Htg. — Several ff. Lamington 24/6/99.
C. saliceti, Fall.—f. Luss 4/6/00 ; f. Cambuslang 22/5/00.
Pontania leucosticta, Htq. — m. Luss, 4/6/00 ; f. Crookston 28/6/00 ; ra.

Johnstone 14/6/00 ; f. Dundonald 14/7/00.
P. nigrolineata, Cam. — One f. Lamington 24/6/99.
P. pedunculi, Htg. — f. Cambuslang 22/5/00.
P. salicis, Christ— m. Bonhill 7/5/00 (J. M.).
P. vesicator, Bremi. — f. Brother Loch, 16/6/00.
Pteronus miliaris, Pz. — f. Gadder Wilderness 24/8/99.
P. microcercus, Thins.— f. Crookston 7/6/99 ; f. Irvine 26/5/00.
P. oligospilus, Zadd. — f. Cambuslang 29/6/00.
P, salicivorus, Ccim.—i. Carmyle 13/6/99 (G. W. O.).
P. myosotidis, Fab.—C., Lamington 24/6/99; Irvine 26/5/00; Barr 15/7/99.

Sexes about equal.

P. ribesii, Scop. — Very c. everywhere, destructive to red currant and goose-
berry bushes.

Amauronematus viduatus, Zett. — One m. Irvine Moor 21/4/00.
Croesus septentrionalis, L. — One f. Milngavie 11/8/99 ; ff. Irvine 1/9/00.
Holcocneme lucida, Pz. — One m. Bonhill 1899 (J. M.).
Nematus acuminatus, Thms. — One f. Luss 4/6/00.
Pachynematus brachyotus, Forst.—m. Brother L. 16/6/00; m. Fossil 8/99;

f. Ravenscraig 17/6/99; f. Dundonald 14/7/00.

P. capreae, Pz. — Aburid. everywhere from May till Aug. mm. not so c. as ff.
P. rumicis, Fall. — f. Cambuslang 24/6/99.
P. einersbergensis, Htg.—i. Bowling 6/6/99 ; f. Crookston 7/7/99 ; f. Irvine

8/7/99.
P. xanthocarpus, Htg.—i. Giffnock 13/6/99 ; m. Crookston 29/5/99 ; m. W.

Kilbride 19/8/99 ; m. Dundonald 14/7/00.
P. clitellatus, Lep.— One f. King's Cross, Arran 9/8/00.
P. vagus, Fab. — Pirnmill, Arran 6/00 (A. F.) ; Barr 14/7/99 ; Johnstone

14/6/00 ; only ff.
P. obductus, Htg.— Two ff. Giffnock 4/6/99.

var. conductus, Ruthe. — f. Johnstone 14/6/00 ; f. Irvine 26/5/00.
P. albipennis, Htg. — One f. Crookston 9/6/99.
Lygaeonematus laricis, fftg.—One f. Bonhill 6/7/00 (J. M.).
L. moestus, Zadd.— One f. Bishopton 4/5/00.
Pristiphora pallidiventris, Fall.—L Barr 6/00 (A. F.); ff. Milngavie 11/6/99;

f. King's Cross 7/8/00.

P. fulvipes, Fall.— One f. Irvine Moor 12/8/99.
P. crassicornis, Htg. — f. Crookston 1/6/99 ; m. Johnstone 14/6/99.
P. Wustnei, de Stein.— f. Irvine 26/5/00 ; f. Luss 4/6/00.
Eriocampoides aethlops, Fab. — One f. Luss 4/6/00.
Hoplocampa crataegi, Klg. — Not c. by sweeping hawthorn, f. Pirnmill

6/00 (A. F.) ; m. Crookston 7/6/99 ; f. Arrochar 10/6/99.
Tomostethus fuliginosus, Schrnk. — Marshy ground ; one f. Barr, Ayrshire

16/7/99.
T. fuscipennis, FalL—G. marshy ground ; Milngavie (G.W. O.) ; Crookston

7/6/99 ; Bishopton 3/7/99 ; Arrochar 10/6/99 ; Irvine 26/5/00 ; Colintraive

24/5/00 ; Ayr 19/5/00. Only ff.

HYMENOPTERA. 217

Blennocampa subcana, Zadd. — One f. Milngavie 21/5/99.

B. tenuicornis, Klg., var. humeralis, Voll. — f. Pirnmill 6/00 (A. F.); f. Busby

30/6/00 ; m. Crookston 9/6/99.

Scolioneura betuleti, Klg. — One f. Bishopton 3/7/99.
Monophadnus geniculatus, fftg.—Two ff. Bonhill 6/00 (J. M.) ; three mm.

Crookston 29/6/99.

M. albipes, GmeL—i. Bonhill 6/00 (J. M.) ; f. Milngavie 6/99 (G. W. O.).
Kaliosysphinga ulmi, Sundev. — Two ff. Cambuslang 22/5/00 ; swept in

marshy ground.

K. Dohrni, Tischb. — Marshy ground, one f. Irvine 14/7/00.
Athalia lineolata, Lep. — Abund. all over district, June to Aug. Sexes

about equal.
A. lugens, Klg.— Not c. ; m. Strathblane 17/7/99 (G. W. O.) ; in. and f. Barr

Barr 14/7/99 ; f. DundoDald 14/7/00.
Selandria flavens, Klg. — Not unc. ; m. and f. Fossil Marsh 6/99 (G. W. O.) ;

m. Eavenscraig 17/6/99 ; m. and two ff. Brother L. 16/6/00.
S. serva, Fab. — Very c. marshy ground all over district June and July

Sexes about equal.

S. Furstenbergensis, Knw. — One f. Arrochar 10/6/99.
S. stramineipes, Klg. — Not unc. ; Pirnmill (A.F.); Arrochar 10/6/99 ; Luss

4/6/00. Only ff.
S. morio, Fab. — Not unc. ; Strathblane 17/7/99 (G. W. O.) ; Lamington

24/6/99 ; Luss 4/6/00 ; Barr 14/7/99. Only ff.
Stromboceros delicatulus, Fall. — Not c. ; Finnich Glen (R. H.) ; Bonhill

(J. M.) ; Pirnmill June 1900 (A. F.) ; Gadder 24/8/99 and 10/6/00.

Only ff.
Strongylogaster cingulatus, Fab. — Freq. ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; Ailsa Craig

24/5/00 (R. H.) ; Luss 4/6/00. Only ff.
Poecilosoma liturata, Gmel. — R.; f.Eagleshaml 2/6/99 (G.W.O.); f. Pirnmill

6/00 (A. F.) ; f. Milngavie 6/6/99.
P. longicornis, Thms.— One f. Bonhill 6/00 (J. M.).
P. tridens, Knw.— One f. Giffnock 8/6/00.
P. excisa, Thms. — One m. Luss 4/6/00.

Emphytus cinctus, L.— f. Crookston 9/6/99 ; m. King's Cross 8/8/00.
E. serotinus, Klg.—m. Bonhill 17/10/00 (J. M.) ; two ff. Johnstone 21/10/00.
E, grossulariae, Klg. — One f. bred from cocoon obtained under bark,

Strathaven 14/4/00.
Taxonus glabratus, Fall. — C. ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; Pirnmill (A. F.) ; Crookston

9/6/99 ; 29/5/00 ; Brother L. 19/6/00. Sexes about equal.
T. equiseti, Fall.— Not unc. ; m. Bonhill (J. M.) ; f. Eaglesham 12/6/99

(G. W. O.) ; m. and ff. Crookston 9/6/99.
Dolerus pratensis, Fall. — C. and widely dist. May till Aug. Sexes about

equal.
D. aericeps, Thms. — m. Barr 6/00 (A. F.) ; m. Giffnock 12/7/00 ; mm. Irvine

14/7/00 ; f. King's Cross 13/8/00.

D. palustris, Klg. — Marshy ground ; Bishops L. 5/99 (G. W. O.) ; Cambus-
lang 22/5/00 ; Crookston 28/5/00. Sexes about equal.
D. madidus, Klg. — m. Bonhill (J. M.) ; f. Bishopton 3/7/99 ; m. Milngavie

26/5/99.
D. Thomson!, Kmo. — One f. Bowling 6/6/99 ; m. and f. same loc. 14/5/00,

marshy ground.
D. dubius, Klg. — One f. Lunderston (R. H.) ; two mm. and f. Irvine 26/5/00,

marshy ground.
D. gonager, Fab. — Widely dist. and abund. May and June. mm. not s o

c. as ff.
D. picipes Klg.— Freq. ; Crookston 29/5/99; Milngavie 31/5/99; Bowling

6/6/99. Sexes about equal.

218 HYMENOPTERA.

D. nigratus, Mull. — Not unc. ; Cambuslang 22/5/00 ; Giffnock 8/5/00 ;

Bishopton 4/5/00 ; Irvine 26/5/00. Sexes about equal.
D. fumosus, Zadd.—1\\o mm. Bonhill 24/4/00 and 5/5/00 (J. M.).
D. nigosulus, v. Dalla Torre.— L Luss 4/6/00 ; m. Irvine 21/4/00.
D. coruscans, Knw.—R.\ Crookston 14/5/00; Irvine 21/4/00 ; Ayr 19/5/00.

two mm. and one f.

D. haematodes, Schrnk.— Not unc. ; Fossil 15/6/99 ; Giffnock 8/6/00 ; Cam-
buslang 22/5/00 ; Bowling 14/5/00 ; Bishopton 4/5/00 ; Ayr 19/5/00.

Sexes about equal.
D. aeneus, Htg. — Abund. everywhere May till end of July. mm. commoner

than if.

Loderus palmatus, Klg. — One f. Cambuslang 29/6/99.
Rhogogastera viridis, L. — C. wds. ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; Glenfalloch (G. W. O.) ;

Pirnmill and Barr 6/00 (A. F.) ; Glenniallan 9/7/98 ; Johnstone 14/6/00.

Sexes about equal.
R. punctulata, Klg. — C. ; Lamington 24/6/00 ; Cambuslang 29/6/00 ; one m.

several ff.

R. fulvipes, Scop. — Two mm., one f. Crookston 7/6/99 and 28/5/00.
R. aucupariae, Klg.—L Bonhill 6/00 (J. M.) ; f. Crookston 29/6/99.
Tenthredopsis litterata, Geoff.— m. Bonhill 6/00 (J. M.) ; f. Blairskaith

Moor 6 99 (G. W. O.); f. Pirnmill (A. F.); mm. and f. Cambuslang 29/6/99.
var. cerasi, L.—L Blairskaith Moor 6/99 (G. "VV. O.).

T. tiliae, Fab. — Railway embankments, etc., c. ; Lamington 24/6/99 ; Cam-
buslang 22/5/00 ; Crookston 13/6/99 ; Dundonald 14/7/00. Only ff.
var. inornata, Knw.—L Barr 6/00 (A. F.) ; ff. Dundonald 14/7/00.
T. dorsalis, Lep.—m. Cadder 10/6/00 ; m. Luss 4/6/00 ; ff. Gl. Falloch 6/99.
T. campestris, L. — Abund. wds. June, widely dist. Sexes about equal.
T. spreta, Lep.- Cadder 10/6/00 ; Irvine 26/5/00. One m. and two ff.
T. gibberosa, Knw.— Cambuslang 14/5/00 ; Dundonald 14/7/00. Three ff.
T. fenestrata, Knw.— Barr 6/00 (A. F.) ; Cadder 10/6/00 ; Newton Mearns,

14/6/00. Three mm. and three ff.
T. Coqueberti, Klg.— Not c. ; Milngavie 26/6/00; Crookston 7/7/99.

Only mm.
T. tristis, Ste? Cam.— Not unc.; Lamington 24/699 ; Ravenscraig 17/6/99 ;

Crookston 13/6/99. Two mm. and several ff.
T. Thornleyi, Knw.— Not unc. ; Milngavie 26/5/99 ; Cambuslang 22/5/00.

Two mm., five ff.

Perineura rubi, Pz. — Very r. ; One m. Cadder 10/6/00.
Pachyprotasis rapae, L. — Abund. everywhere, June and July. Sexes.

about equal.

Allan tus temulus, Scop.— One f. Bonhill 16/6/00 (J. M.).
A. scrophulariae, L. — One in. Bonhill, June 1900 (J. M.).
A. arcuatus, Forst. — Abund. everywhere, May till Aug. mm. not so c. as ff.
Tenthredo ferruginea, Schrnk. — One m. She walton "7/7/00 (A. F.) ; one f.

Barr 14/7/99.

T. balteata, Klg.—m. Bonhill 7/00 (J. M.) ; f. Dundonald 14/7/00.
T. velox, Fab.— Not c. ; f. Strathblane 6/99 (G. W. O.) ; m. Lamington

24/6/99 ; m. Irvine 30/6/00 ; m. Dundonald 16/7/00 ; m. Barr 14/7/99.
T. atra, //.—One m. Cadder 10/6/00.

var. dispar, Klg.—L Blairskaith Moor 6/99 (G. W. O.) ; f. Arrochar

10/6/99 ; f. Barr 14/7/99.
T. livida, L.— C. ; m. Pirnmill ; f. Barr 6/00 (A. F.) ; m. Blairskaith Moor

6/99 (G. W. O.) ; ff. Cambuslang 29/6/99.
T. mesomelaena, L. — Abund. and widely dist., June and July. Sexes

about equal.

T. olivacea, Htg.—C. ; ff. Barr 6/00 (A. F.) ; m. Bonhill (J. M.) ; m. Strath-
blane 6/99 (G. W. O.) ; f. Fairlie, 26/8/00 ; f. King's Cross 9/8/00.

Sub-Order Aculeata.
BY J. EUSSELL MALLOCH, BONHILL.

ARRANGEMENT.

Hymenoptera Aculeata, Edward Saunders, 1895.

Mr. Saunders has kindly identified many species in the list. Records
have also been received from Messrs. A. Adie Dalglish (A. A.D.), "Win.
Evans, Jn. E. Murphv (J. E. M.), Anderson Fergusson, and the late
G. W. Ord.

HETEROGYNA.

Fam. Formicidae.
Formica rufa, Linn. — Not unc. ; pine woods ; Tignabruaich ; Rowardennan

(J. R. M.) ; Colintraive, etc. (A. A. D.).
F. fusca, Latr. — Very c. and gen. dist. under stones, etc. ; sometimes nesting

under same stone as M. rubra.
Lasius flavus, De G'eer. — Not so c. as preceding ; under stones, etc. ; Gallan-

gad, Campsie (J. R. M.) ; Irvine Moor, Kirkintilloch, Bishopton (A. A. D.).
L. niger, Linn. — Very c. ; in the ground and under stones, etc. ; well dist.

throughout district.
Prenolepis vividula. — Introduced. Queen's Park hot-houses and Botanic

Gardens, Glasgow (A. A. D.) (J. R, M.).

Fam. Myrmicidae.

Myrmica rubra, Linn. — Everywhere c.

race sulcinodis, Nyl. — Irvine Moor (A. A. D.).
race ruginodis, Nyl. — Very c.
race laevinodis, Nyl. — Barr, Ayrshire (A. A. D.).
race scabrinodis, Nyl. — Gourock Hills (A. A. D.) ; Bonhill (J. R. M.).
Stenamma westwoodi, Westw.— R., Misty Law, Renfrewshire (Taylor).
Leptothorax acervorum, Fab. — Not unc., under stones and in rotten
wood. Bonhill ; Whistlefield ; Gallangad (J. R. M.) ; Irvine Moor ;
Bishopton (A. A. D.).

FOSSORES.

Fam. Pompilidae.

Pompilus plumbeus, Fabr. — Irvine Moor c. (A. A. D.).

P. niger, Fab. — Not unc.; Bonhill; Levenside Moor (J. R. M.) ; one Irvine

Moor (A. A. D.).

P. spissus, Schiodte. — Dundonald (A. A. D.).
P. unguicularis, Thorns. — King's Cross, Arran (A. A. D.).
Salius fuscus, Linn. — One taken and others seen Arrochar 25/5/99 (J. R. M.).
S. pusillus, Sckiodte.—Tvro Jamestown (J. R. M.).

220 HYMENOPTERA.

S. parvulus, Dahlb. — Notunc. Levenside Moor. Nesting in paths (J.R.M.).
Ceropales maculata, Fabr. — Scarce ; Bonhill (J. R. M.) ; c. : Irvine Moor ;
King's Cross (A. A. D.).

Fam. Sphegida.

Pemphredon Shuckardi, Moraw. — Scarce ; Bonhill (J. R. M.); Cambuslang ;

Irvine (A. A. D.).

Mimesa bicolor, Fab.— Abund. at Irvine (A. A. D.).

Gorytes mystSiceus^Linn. — Scarce ; Bonhill (J.R. M.); Strathblane (A.A. D.).
Mellinus arvensis, Linn. — C. ; Bonhill (J. R. M.) ; Irvine ; King's Cross

(A.A.D.).

Oxybelus uniglumis, Linn. — Not unc. ; Irvine Moor (A. A. D.).
0. mandibularis, Dahlb. — Scarce at Irvine (A. A. D.).
Crabro tibialis, Fabr. — R. ; Dundonald (A. A. D.).
C. clavipes, Linn. — Irvine (A. A. D.).

C. leucostomus, Linn. — Nesting in an old fencepost at Balloch (J. R. M.).
C. palmipes, Linn. — The most abund. species of the genus. Gen. dist.
C. varius, Lcp. — Levenside Moor (J. R. M.) ; Irvine (A. A. D.) ; c.
C. elongatulus, V. de L. — Bonhill (J. R. M.). Nests in walls. Strathblane

(G. W. O.) ; Luss (A. A. D.).
C. dimidiatus, Fab.— Scarce ; Blairskaith Moor (G.W. O.); Bonhill (J. R. M.);

Irvine (A. A. D.).

C. chrysostomus, Lep. — C., Irvine (A. A. D.).

C. cribrarius, Linn. — Very c. ; Levenside Moor (J.R.M.) ; Irvine (A. A. D.).
C. peltarius, Schr. — Irvine Moor (A. A. D.).

Fam. Vespidae.

Vespa Vlllgaris, Linn. — Very c. everywhere. A male with colouring of
Germanica but genital armature of Vulgaris at Bonhill (J. R. M.)

V. germanica, Fab. — C. at Bonhill (J. R. M.) ; Irvine (A. A. D.).

V. rufa, Linn.— Barr (A. F.); Irvine etc. (A. A. D.); Bonhill c. (J. R. M.).

V. austriaca, Panz. — R. ; Bonhill (J. R. M.); Dargavel (J. E. M.); Irvine
(A. A. D.).

V. sylvestris, Scop. — Very c. in the district.

V. norvegica, Fab. — Bonhill (J. R. M.) ; Milngavie ; Irvine (A. A. D.).

Fam. Eumenidae.

Qdynerus spinipes, Linn. — Irvine (A. A. D.): Barr (A. F.).

0. parietum, Linn. — Bonhill (J. R. M.) ; Cambuslang (A. A. D.).

0. pictus, Curt. — Glenmallon (A. A. D.) ; L. Long (W. Evans.).

0. trimarginatus, Zutt. — Bonhill (J. R. M.) ; Fairlie ; Barr ; Dundonald

(A. A. D.).
0. paretinus, Linn. — Ardpeaton, L. Long (W. Evans).

ANTHOPHILA.
Fam. Colletidae.

Collates succincta, Linn. — C. ; Bouhill (J. R. M.) ; Campbeltown (Smith.) ;

Irvine (A. A. I).).
C. montanus, Mortz. — C. Irvine Moor (A. A. D.). Taken for the first time

in Britain by Mr. Dalglish 8/7/99.
Prosopis brevicornis, Nyl. — Irvine (A.A. D.).

Fam. Andrenidae.

Sphecodes subquadratus, Smith. — Very c. ; Bonhill ; Jamestown (J. R. M.).
S. Pilifrons, Thorns. — Tollcross (P. Cameron), Trans. Glas. Soc. Field Nat.

1872-73.

S. hyalinatus, Schm. — Bonhill ; Jamestown (J. R. M.).
S. variegatus, r. Hag. — Scarce Levenside Moor (J. R. M.).

HYMENOPTERA. 221

S. dimidiatus, v. Hag. — Scarce Levenside Moor (J. E. M.).

S. affinis, v. Hag. — Not unc. ; Bonhill (J. E. M.) ; Irvine (A. A. D.).

Halictus rubicundus, Chr. — Very c. and gen. dist.

H. albipes, Kirb. — C. throughout the district.

H. cylindricus, Fab. — Very c. on flowers of ragwort. Gen. dist.

H. subfasciatus, Nyl. — Bonhill (J. E. M.) ; Luss ; Dundonald ; W. Kilbride

(A. A. D.).

H. villosulus, Kirb. — E., King's Cross, Arran (A. A. D.).
H. tumulorum, Linn. — C., King's Cross (A. A. D.).
H. smeathmanellus, Kirb. — Not unc. ; Bonhill (J.E.M. ; A.A.D.); Cardross

(J. E. M.).

H. morio, Fab.— Not c. Bonhill (J. E. M.).

H. leucopus, Kirb. — Bonhill (J. E. M.) ; King's Cross (A. A. D.).
Andrena albicans, Kirb. — The commonest species of the genus. Occurring

at sallow bloom in spring. Gen. dist.
A. rosae, Panz. race trimmerana, Kirb. — Gen. dist. and c.
A. cineraria, Linn. — Pirnmill, Arran (A. F.) ; Strathblane (G. W. Orel).
A. clarkella, Kirb. — Arrochar ; Bonhill (J. E. M.) ; Brodick (W. Evans) ;

Giffnock ; Irvine (A. A. D.).
A. gwynana, Kirb. — Spring and summer broods both occur. Bonhill

( J. E. M.) ; Kings Cross ; Irvine (A. A. D.).
A. fucata, Smith. — C. ; Bonhill (J. E. M.) : Barr ; Ayrshire ; Gadder

(A. A. D.); Garelochhead (J. E. M.).
A. fuscipes, Kirby. — Not unc. ; Levenside Moor(J.E.M.); Holy I. (A.A.D.);

visits flowers of common heath.
A. cetii, Sch. — E., King's Cross, Arran (A. A. D.).
A. albicrus, Kirb.— Bonhill (J. E. M.) ; c. Irvine Moor (A. A. D.).
A. coitana, Kirb.—C. ; Bonhill (J. E. M.) ; King's Cross (A. A. D.).
A. analis, Panz. — C. ; Levenside Moor, burrows in paths (J. E. M.) ; Ar-
rochar (A. A. D.) ; Glenfalloch (G. W. O.).

A. minutula, Kirb. — C. ; Arrochar; Bonhill; Gallangad (J. E, M.) ; Glen-
falloch (G. W. O.) ; Johnstone ; Luss (A. A. D.).
A. nana, Kirb. — King's Cross, Arran (A. A. D.) ; not unc. at Bonhill

(J. E. M.).
A. wilkella, Kirb. — Arrochar (A. A. D.) ; very c. Bonhill ; Jamestown

(J. E. M.).
Nomada obtusifrons, Nyl. — Not unc. ; Bonhill (J. E. M.) ; King's Cross,

Arran (A. A. D.) ; near Glasgow (J. E. M.).
N. solidaginis, Panz. — Scarce, Irvine (A. A. D.).
N. alternata, Kirby. — C. ; Arrochar ; Bonhill ; Jamestown, etc. (J. E. M.) ;

Giffnock (A. A. D.) ; Kilbowie (E. Henderson).
N. ruficornis, Linn. — Lamington (A. A. D.) ; Barr (A. F.) ; Bonhill

(J. E, M.).

N. bifida, Thorns.— C. ; Arrochar ; Bonhill (J. E. M.).
N. borealis, Nett. — Scarce, Bonhill (J. E. M.).
N. lateralis, Panz. — One recorded by P. Cameron, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc.

Glas., vol. ii., 1869-74, as N. Xanthosticta.
N. ochrostoma, Kirby. — Barr, Ayrshire (A. F.).
N. fabriciana, Linn. — Scarce, King's Cross (A. A. D.).
N. flavoguttata, Kirb.—C.', Bonhill, (J.E.M.); Pirnmill, Arran (A. F.) ;

Luss ; Johnstone (A. A. D.).

Fam. Apidae.

Epcolus productus, Thorns. — Scarce, Irvine Moor (A. A. D.).
Caelioxys elongata, Lep.— Troon (J. E. M.); Irvine Moor (A. A. D.).
Megachile willughbiella, Kirby. — Barr, Ayrshire (A. A. D.).
M. circumcincta, Lep. — Irvine Moor (A. A. D.).

222 HYMENOPTERA.

Psithyms vestalis, Foure. — Very c. and gen. (list.

var. distinctus, Per. — C., but so far as I have seen the var. is in m.
P. barbutellus, Kirb. — Not so c. as foregoing, Bonhill (J. E. M.) ; Barr,

Milngavie (A. A. D.).
P. quadricolor, Lep. — Scarce; Bonhill (J. R. M.); Elvanfoot (W. E.); Fossil

Marsh (J. E. M.).
Bombus Smithianus. A light var. occurs in the district, which has I believe

been confounded with Venustus. All the <^s examined have been

declared to be Smithianus.
B. venustus, Smith. — Recorded for several localities but no specimens are

in existence so far as has been ascertained. The records seem to point

to the foregoing sp. Until an authentic male is discovered the following

localities must be looked upon as applying to Smithianus : Paisley

(J. Dunsmore) ; Barrassie ; Kilsyth etc. (A. A. D.) ; Bonhill (J. R. M.).
B. agrorum, Fab. — Very c. everywhere.
B. hortorum, Linn. — Paisley (J. D.) ; Bonhill (J. R. M.) ; Irvine ; W. Kil-

bride (A. A. D) ; Strone (R. Henderson) ; Possil Marsh (J. E. M.).
B. latreillellus, Kirb. — Trans. Glas. Fid. Nat. Hist. Soc., 1872-73, p. 7

(P. Cameron). Possil Marsh.
B. lapidarius, Linn. - - W. Kilbride ; Kilkerran ; King's Cross ; Irvine

(A. A. D.) ; Cardross ; Bonhill ; Dumbarton (J . R. M.).
B. jouellus, Kirb. — Elvanfoot (W. E.) ; King's Cross ; Irvine Moor ; Luss

(A. A. D.).

B. lapponicus, Fdbr. — Argyllshire (Hym. Aculeata. E. S.).
B. pratorum, Linn. — C. and gen. dist.
B. soroensis, Fdbr.— Barr (A. F.) ; Elvansfoot (W. E.) ; Bonhill (J. R. M.) ;

Kilkerran ; Kilsyth ; Dundonald ; Barr (A. A. D.).
B. terrestris, Linn. — Very c. everywhere,
race, lucorum, Sm. — $ common,
race, virginalis, Kirb. — Much rarer than the other forms. Both $ and £;

Bonhill (J. R. M.) ; Carmyle ; Crookston ; King's Cross, etc. (A. A. D.).
Apis mellifica, Linn. — Not native in wild state ; generally cultivated and

often crossed with other continental species. Sometimes wild as escape.

ORDER LEPIDOPTERA.

MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA.

BY AND. ADIE DALGLISH, F.E.S., 21 Princes St., Pollokshields,

and the late GEO. W. ORD.

CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE : Handbook of British Lepidoptera,
Ed. Meyrick, B.A., F.Z.S., 1895.

Dr. T. A. Chapman, F.Z.S., has kindly placed in our hands the valuable MS.
list compiled by his father, the late Thomas Chapman, and the following
gentlemen have kindlv provided us with lists of their captures : A. H. Begg,
(A.H.B.); Thomas Chapman (T.C.); Dr. T. Algernon Chapman, M.D.,
F.Z.S. (T. A. C.) ; Dr. Hugh Colquhoun (H. C.), Chapman MS. ; C. B. Cross
(C.B.C.); Wm. M. Christy, M.A., F.E.S. (W.M.C.); Miss M. L. Cotting-
ham (M. L. C.) ; Entomologist, xxvii. 223, and xxviii. 21 ; Andrew Adie
Dalglish (A. A. D.) ; John Dunsmore (J. D.) ; J. P. Duncan (J. P. D.), Chap-
man MS. ; Edward C. Eggleton (E. C. E.) ; Andrew Erskine (A. E.) ;
William Evans, F. E. S. E. (W. E.) ; W. C. S. Fergusson (W. F.) ; J. G.
M'Haffie Gordon, F. E. S. (J. G. G.) ; J. Gray (J. G.), Chapman MS. ; Eobert
Henderson (E, H.) ; Thomas J. Henderson (T.J.H.); J. J. F. X. King,
F.E.S. (J.J.K.) ; E. F. Logan, Chapman MS. ; Henry Lupton (H. L.) ;
A. M'Corkle (A.M'C.); Eev. J. A. Mackonochie, F.E.S. ( J. A. M.) ; John
Mackay, Young Naturalist series ; Andrew Mackieson (A. M.) ; John E.
Malloch (J. M.) ; John A. Nix (J. A. N.) ; George W. Ord (G. W. O.) ; George
Eose (G. E.) ; John Scott (J. S.), Chapman MS. ; John Smith (J. Sm.) ;
William Smith (W. S.) ; Alexander M. Stewart (A. M. S.) ; Alexander Somer-
ville, B.Sc., F.L.S. (A. S.); J. W. Tutt, F.E.S., etc., Entomologists Record,
iv. 285 ; Howard Vaughan (H. V.), Entomologist, xviii. 239 ; Eev. A. B.
Walker (A. B. W.), Entomologist xxvi. 52 ; William Watson (W. W.) ; J.
Jenner Weir, F.E.S. (J. J. W.), Entomologist, xv. 250 ; Eichard Weaver
(E.W.), Zoologist, iii. 846; Dr. F. Buchanan White, F.E.S. (F. B.W.),
Scottish. Naturalist series; Thomas Wilson (T. W.) ; and Morris Young
(M. Y), Chapman MS.

Other abbreviations are : e. d. = earliest dates, var. = variety, hy. = hyber-
nated, c. = common, freq. = frequent, nr. = near ; abund. = abundant.

Some of the Kintyre records are from the W. side.

CARADRININA.

Fam. Arctiadae.

Oeonistis quadra, L. — Kilberry, Argyllshire (M. L. C.).
Lithosia lurideola, ZL— "Clyde" (F. B. W.) ; Tayvallich (J. Mackay,
A. M. S.).

224 LEP1DOPTERA.

Gnophria rubricollis, //.--Not unfreq. nr. Inveraray (J. G. Nat. (1) 1/85).
Cybosia mesomella, L.— "Clyde" (F. B. W.). One, Tarbert, L. Fyne,

12/7/86 (A. A. D.).
Setina irrorella, L.— "Clyde" (F.B. W.) Probably Western Kintyre, as

this sp. is not unc. nr. Oban.
Nudaria mundana, L. — Locally c. ; Arrochar, 14/7/91 (A. A. D.); Dunoon

(T. C.) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; Newton Mearns, 21/7/92 (A. A. D.) ; Ardrossan

(H. C.) ; Carradale (G. W. O.).
Roeselia confuscalis, H.S. — Local and r. ; Lochgoilhead, 2 on paling, 1/6/94

(A. A. D.) ; Ayr ( J. A. M., W. F.).

Nola cucullatella, £.— Rosemount, Ayrshire (J. P. D.).
Sarrothripus undulana, Hb. — Very r. ; Dunoon and Ardentinny (T. C.) ;

Lochgoilhead 7/7/88 (A. A. D) ; Ben Lomond (J. S.) ; Wemyss B. (A. S.).
Halias prasinana, L. — Freq.; larvae c. on oak. L. Riddon (W. M. C.) ;

Lochgoilhead 17/6/92 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T.J. H.) ; Johnstone

(W. W.) ; Corrie, Arran 7/7/87 (A. A. D.).
Tyria jacobaeae, L. — Singly or in small numbers all over district. C. on

Turnberry Sands, Ayrshire (W. F., G. W. O.).
Phragmatobia fuliginosa, L. — C. and widely dist., larvae abund. Sept. on

various plants ; e.d. 6/6/91 ; 29/5/97.

Diacrisia urticae, Esp, — One, banks of Kelvin nr. Glasgow (H. C.).
D. menthastri, Esp. — Abund. everywhere. Depth of ground colour varies

greatly ; e.d. 23/5/95 ; 15/6/96 ; 28/5/98. Mr. A. M. Stewart has one

deep buff coloured with the spots obsolete.
D. lubricipeda, L. — Scarce nr. Glasgow. Abuod. Ayrshire, Cumbrae, Bute,

Argyll ; larvae on lettuce, etc.
D. russula, L.— Freq. ; Gl. Falloch 4/6/95 ; Lochgoilhead 30/6/88 (A. A. D.) ;

Garelochhead (T.J.H.); Luss (A. M'C.) ; Baljaffray (A. H. B.) ; Arran

(W. S.).
Arctia plantaginis, L. — Lochgoilhead 30/6/88 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead

(T.J. H.); Bonhill (J. M.) ; Milngavie 17/6/99 (G. W. O.) ; Kilmalcolm

(J. D.) ; Shewalton (G. E.) ; Ailsa Craig (A. M. S.).
var. hospita, Sehiff. — R. Bridge of Weir (W. W.) ; Greenock Hills

(Mr. Watt).
A. caja, L. — Abund. and widely dist., especially in Ayrshire ; e.d. 26/6/85;

4/7/93.

Fam. Caradrinidae.

Cucullia chamomillae, Sehiff. — One, Ardrossan, end of May 1857 (H. C.).
C. umbratica, L.— Freq.; L. Riddon 12/7/95 (A. A. D.) ; Dunoon (H. C.);

Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Milngavie (G. W. O.) ; Giffnock 10/7/95 (A. A. D.) ;

Johnstone (W. W.) ; Ayr 9/7/94 (W. F.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).
Polia exoleta, L. — C. at sugar. L. Riddon 9/10/93 ; Inveruglas, abund.

20/9/95 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Paisley (W. S., A. M. S.) ;

Kilwinning (J. Sm.) ; Arran (A. B. W.) ; hy. 27/3/92; 16/4/94; 20/3/95.
P. vetusta, Hb. — Abund. at sugar. Inveruglas 9/9/95 (A. A. D.) ; Gareloch-
head (T.J.H.); L. Riddon 9/10/93; Cathcart 28/9/93 (A. A. D.) ;

Gleniffer (J. D.) ; Dundonald (J. Sm.) ; Arran (A. B. W.) ; hy. 20/3/95.
P. solidaginis, #&.— Dunoon 7/9/57 (T. C.) ; Inveraray (E. B. teste T. C.,

J.A.N.); Inveruglas 3/9/95 (A. A. D.) ; L. Riddon (W.M.C.); Craig-

maddie 6/9/91 (G.W.O.).

P. areola, Esp. — Scarce nr. Monkton, Ayrshire (J. P. D.).
P. viminalis, Fb. — Never c. ; Dunoon (T. C.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ;

L. Riddon (W. M. C.) ; Luss 12/9/91; Inveruglas 9/9/95 (A.A.D.);

Kilberry (M. L. C.).

var. intermedia, Tutt. — Dark suffused grey, distinct markings, freq.
P. lichenea, Hb. — Very r. ; One very dark sp. Barrochan Moss, Renfrewshire

1895 (J. D.) ; nr. Adamton and Fullerton, Ayrshire ( J. P. D.).

CARADRININA. 225

P. protea, Bkh. — Locally abund., very variable. Inveruglas 8/9/95 ; L. Eiddon

20/8/89 (A. A. D.); Bonhill (J. M.) ; Cadder (G.W.O.) ; Fintry (E.G. E.) ;

Douglas (J. A. M.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ; Adamton (J. Sin.).
var. variegata, Tutt. — Very dark, black and reddish ; distinct stigmata

and pale inner margin, freq.
P. aprilina, L. — At sugar and at rest on oaks, local. Dunoon (T. C.) ; Gare-

lochhead (T. J. H.); Inveruglas 9/9/95, Milngavie 23/9/93 (A. A. D.) ;

Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Douglas (J. A. M.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ; Ayr, (W. P.).
P. chi, L. — Abun. on walls everywhere, e.d. 20/8/92 ; 17/8/93; 10/8/97.

var. olivacea, St.— R. One Kilsyth Hills 9/9/99 (A. A. D.).
Dasypolia templi, Thnb.— Freq. " Newton Steel Wks., Lanarkshire, at

electric light (Harkness) ; 5 on lamp, Paisley (A.M. S.) ; Ayr (W. F.) ;

Carluke (K. J. Morton).
Miselia oxyacanthae, L. — C. at sugar. Ardlui 26/9/96 ; L. Eiddon 9/9/91

(A. A. D.) ; Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Cadder (G. W. O.) ; Paisley (W. S., J. D.) ;

Kilmarnock (G. R.).
Diloba caeruleocephala, L. — R.; nr Glasgow (Mr. HisloptesteT. C.); Fintry

(E.C.E.); Paisley Woods, r. (J. D.) ; Ayrshire (J. P. D.) ; Arran

(D. Landsborough).
Aporophyla lutulenta, Bkh. var. luneburgensis, Frr. — One L. Eiddon

(W. M. C. Ent. xxix. 273).
A. nigra, Haw.— Local. Inveruglas 8-20/9/95 ; Lochgoilhead, c. 2 9/92

(A. A. D.) ; L. Riddon (W. M. C.) ; Dunoon (T. C.) ; one from Inveruglas

has black reniform.
A. lunosa, Haw. — Local, very variable. Kilmarnock (G. R.) ; Troon

(J. P. D.) ; Ayr, c. 31/8/94 (W. F.) ; Ballantrae 21/8/97 (A. A. D ).
var. agrotoides, Gn. — Dark grey, pale nervures ; perhaps our commonest.
Orthosia xerampelina, Hb.— Very r. L. Riddon Aug. 92 (A. A. D.,

W. M. C.) ; Ayr one bred 4th Aug., one sugar 9/8/94 (W. F.).
0. flavago, Fb.—C. and widely disk, variable ; e.d. 29/8/87 ; 12/9/91 ; 2/9/92.

var. ochreaga, Bork. — Central band complete, and red, r.
0. flllvago, L.— Abund. everywhere, variable, e.d. 24/8/86; 29/8/87; 25/8/97.

var. flavescens, Esp. — Occurs everywhere, not c.

0. circellaris, Hufn. — Abund. at sugar, variable, e.d. 25/9/92; 28/9/93; 18/9/95.
0. helvola, L. (rufina, L.} — Locally c. at sugar. Inveruglas 9/9/95 ; Luss

17/9,91; Lochgoilhead 2/9/92 (A. A. D.) ; Fintry (E.C.E.); Dunoon

(T. C.).

var. pumca, Bkh. and ochrea, Tutt. — Lochgoilhead.
0. litura, L.— C., very variable. Bonhill (J. M.) ; Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Cadder

(G.WrO.); Giffnock 308/87, 26/8/89, 15/8/95 (A. A. D.) ; Paisley

(J. D., A. M. S.) ; Ayrshire ( J. P. D., W. F.) ; Arran (A. B. W.).
var. ornatrix, Hb.-Gey. — Purplish grey, and var. borealis, Sp.-Schn.—

Purplish grey, with pale base, occasionally.
0. macilenta, Hb. — Locally abund., variable. Inveruglas 9 9/95 ; Luss

12/9,91 (A.A.D.); L." Riddon (W.M.C.); Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Paisley

(J. D., A. M. S.) ; Arran (A. B. W.).
0. lota, Cl.— Not c. ; Inveruglas 19/9/95 ; Luss 12/9/91 (A. A. D.) ; L. Riddon

( W. M. C.) ; Giffnock 30/8/87 (A. A. D.) ; Paisley (M. Y., J. D.) ; Ayr

bred 24/8/94 (W. F.).
0. suspecta, Hb.—R. ; Inveruglas 1/9/95 ; Luss 30/7/93 (A. A. D.) ; L. Riddon

(W. M. C.) ; Paisley (J. D., A. M. S.) ; Johnstone (W. W.) ; Arran (A. E.) ;

Tayvallich (A. M. S.).
var. mfa, Tutt. — Bright red almost unicolorous, few lines; distinct

stigmata, Arran.

var. congener, Hb.-Gey. — Pale reddish grey, outer area paler, Luss.
0. satellitia, L.— C. and widely disk, variable, e. d. 14/10/93; 7/10/95; by.

20/3/95.

P

226 LEPIDOPTERA.

Conistra vaccinii, L.— Abund. at sugar, very variable. Inveruglas 13/9/95
(A. A. D.) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; L. Eiddon (W. M. C.) ; Langside 7/9/85
(A. A. D.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ; Dundonald (J. Sm.) ; hy. 20/3/95, 21/2/97.
Leucania turca, L. — Very r. Newfield, Ayrshire (J. P. D.).
L lithargyrea, Esp.— Not c. Fintry (E.C.E.); Giffnock, one 27/7/86
(A. A. D.) ; Linwood (J. D.) ; Ayr ; Maybole 6/8/94 (W. F.) ; Girvan
(G. W. O.).
L. littoralis, Curt.— Local, r. Freq. Prestwick (J. P. D.) ; one on ragwort

Arran (A. B. W.).
L. conigera, Fb.— Locally c. Giffnock 21/7/88, 22/7/93; Barr 20/7/99 (A. A. D.);

Paisley (J. D., A. M. S.) ; Elderslie (W. W.) ; Kilwinning (J. Sm.) ;
L. comma, Z.— E. in Clydesdale. "Clyde" (F. B. W.) ; L. Eiddon (W. M. C.) ;

Kilberry (M. L. C.) ; Stranraer (A. A. D.).

L. impura, Sb.— Abund. everywhere, e. d. 20/6/93, 5/7/95, 23/6/96.
L. pallens, L. — Some years c., varies from pale ochreous to deep reddish

ochreous, dark spots sometimes obsolete, e. d. 27/7/94, 5/7/95.
Monima incerta, Hufn. — Abund. at sallows, and sugar, exceedingly variable,

e. d. 4/4/94, 22/4/95.
M. gracilis, Fb.— Very r. ; Portincaple (T. C.) ; Gadder (E. C. E., D. Gourley,

one each) ; Brodick 30/4/95 (W. E.).
M. stabilis, View. — Abund. at sallows and sugar, very variable, e.d. 14/4/94,

22/4/95, 23/4/96.
M. populeti, Tr. — Larvae c. on aspen. Gareloch ; Loch Goil (T. A. C.) ; one

Kelvingrove Pk. (E. C. E.).
M. pulverulenta, Esp.— "Clyde " (F. B. W.).
M. gothica, L. — Abund. at sallows, conies freely at sugar, variable, e.d.

14/4/94, 29/4/95, 23/4/96.
Charaeas graminis, L. — Widely dist., some years very abund. on ragwort

and thistles, e.d. 19/7/90, 11/7/95 till Sept*
Neuronia popularis, Fb. — Local in Ayrshire. Kilwinning ; Dundonald

(J. Sm.) ; Prestwick 6/8/93 (A. M'C.) ; Stranraer 8/00 (A. A. D.).
Panolis piniperda, Panz. — Not unc. Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Eound
Paisley (W. S., J.D.); Kilbarchan (A. M. S.) ; Ayr 5/4/94, 31/3/95
(W. F.) ; Shewalton (G. E.).
Harmodia nana, Rott. — Freq. on coast. Ardentimry (A. M. S.) ; Dunoon,

Arclrossan (H. C.) ; Girvan (J. J. K.) ; Arran (E. Weaver, J. J. W.).
H. carpqphaga, Bkh.— Taken by Birchall in Argyll (F. B. W., Scot. Nat.).
H. capsincola, Hb. — Local and r. Crawfordjohn, Lanark (H. C.) ; Paisley
(A. M.S., W.S.); Bonhill (J. M.) ; Kilwinning (J. Sm.) ; Monkton
(J. P. D.).

H. cucubali, FuesL— Locally c. Lanark (J. G.) ; Giffnock 23/6/89 ; 20/6/93
(A. A. D.) ; Paisley (A. M. S., W. S.) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; Monkton
(J. P. D.).

Melanchra dentina, Esp. — Locally c. Lochgoilhead 5/6/91 (A.A.D.); Gare-
lochhead (T. J.H.); Paisley (W.S., A.M. S.) ; Gourock, 19/6/97 (A.A.D.);
Milngavie (G. W. O.) ; Ardrossan (H. C.) ; Arran (J. J. W.).
M. glauca, Hb. — On rocks on hills, not unc. Lochgoilhead 5/6/91 (A. A. D.);
Duuoon (T. C.); Garnkirk (A. M'C.) ; Paisley (J. D.); Kilbarchan
(A.M. S.); Arran (J.J.W.).

M. contigua, VilL— Very r. Argyll ; Bute (T. C.) ; Loch Eiddon (W. M. C.);
nr. Lanark (J. G.) ; Linwood (W. W.) ; Kilmarnock (G. E.) ; Arran
(H. L.).
M. genistae, .SM.— Once nr. Paisley (M. Y.) ; scarce Monkton, Ayrshire

(J. P. D.).
M. thalassina, Rott. — C. everywhere, freelv to sugar, variable, e.d. 28/5/96,

26/5/97.
M. dissimilis, Knoch. — E. in Ayrshire (J. P. D.).

CARADRININA. 227

M. oleracea, L.— Very gen. dist., often c., e.d. 15/6/93, 21/6/94, 17/6/95.

M. pisi, L. — Widely dist., c., very variable., larvae abuncl. on heather, etc.

Sept., e.d. 10/6/95, 29/5/97.
M. tincta, Bkh. — Singly or r. ; Dunoon (T. C.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ;

Coulport 27/7/90; L. Eiddon 7/92 (A. A. D.) ; Strachur (A.M.); Tay-

vallich (A. M. S.).

M. advena, Fb. — Occasionally nr. Paisley (J. D.) ; r. Ayrshire (J. P. D.).
M. nebulosa, Hufn. — Widely dist., sometimes locally c., e.d. 6/7/89, 15/7/92,

15/7/94.
M. brassicae, L. — Larvae abund., gardens everywhere, e.d. 1/6/93, 4/6/95.

12 6y96.
M. persicariae, L.— One, Glasgow (E. C. E.) ; Monkton, Ayrshire (J. P. D.

teste J. Sni.).

M. albicolon, Hb.— Very r. « Clyde " (F. B. W.) ; one Ayr 3/7/94 (W. F.).
M. myrtilli, L. — Widely dist. moors all over district, larvae abund. heather,

e.d. 6/6/94, 28/6/96, 26/6/97.

M. melanopa, Thnb. — "Clyde" reported from Argyllshire (F. B. W.).
Agrotis vestigialis, Rott. — On coast locally c., variable. Ardrossan (H. C.) ;

Troon (G. W. O.) ; Ayr 23/7 94 (W. F.) ; Corrie (H. L.).
A. corticea, Hb.— Local, r. Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Bonhili (J. M.) ; Ayr 14 6 94

(W. F.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).
A. segetum, Schiff. — Very uncertain. Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; L. Eiddon

(W.M.C.); Stepps (G.W.O.); Giffnock 11/8/93 (A. A. D.) ; Paisley

(J. D., A. M. S.) ; Kilmarnock (G. E.) ; Mauchline 16/7/92 (A. A. D.>;

Arran (A. B. W.).
A. ypsilon, Rott. ( = Suffusa, Hb.}— Freq. luveruglas 16/9/95 (A. A. D.) :

Ardentinny (T.C.); L. Eiddon (W.M.C.); Clarkston, c. 30/9/95 (A.A.D.);

Paisley (J.*D., A. M.S.) ; scarce in Ayrshire (J. P. D.) ; Arran (A. B.W.).
A. exclamationis, L. — Locallv abund., variable. Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Stepps

(G. W. O.) ; Giffnock 21/6/95, 23/6/96 (A. A. D.) ; Paisley (J.D., A.M.S.);

Dunoon (T. C.) ; Ayrshire (J. P. D.) ; Arran (J. J. W., H. L.).
A. nigricans, L.— Not c. at ragwort, and sugar. Giffnock 7/8/92 (A. A. D.) ;

Ardrossan (H.C.); Monkton (J. P. D.)"; Ballantrae 11/897 (A.A.D.);

Arran (A. B. W.).
var. fuliginea, Godart. — Unicolorous smoky-black, stigmata paler. Our

specimens nearly all referable to this.
A. saucia, Hb. — Very r. Clarkston at sugar, 1 sp. 30/9/93 (A. A. D.) ;

Paisley few (J. R, A. M. S.) ; at Ivy Troon (J. P. D.).
A. praecox* L. — Freq. Ayrshire coast (E. Weaver, J. P. D.).
A. cursoria, Hufn. --Hi. Ayrshire Sand Hills (E. Weaver, J. P. D.) ;

Ardrossan (H.C.).

A. ripae, Hb.— K., Troon (J. P. D.) ; Ayr several (W. F).
A. plecta, Z.- Universally dist. and abund., e.d. 30/5/95, 17/6 97, 3/6/00.
A. strigula, Thnb. — Abund. moors all over district, e.d. 10/7/97, 9/7/98,

7/7/00.
A. agathina, Dup. — Bred singly, larva on heath. Dargavel, Eenfrew (W.S);

one caught same loc. (A. M. S.).
A. tritici, L. — Local, not unc. Kilmalcolm (J. D.) ; Ardrossan (H. C.) ;

Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Ayr 23/7/94 (W. F.) ; Corrie 13/7/87 (A. A. D.) ;

Inveraray (J. A. N.).

A. augur, /"fr.— Widely dist., not unc., variable, e.d. 6/7/93, 17/6/95, 3/7/97.
A. occulta, L. — Decidedly scarce. Cadder once (C.B.C.); Paisley (2) (J.D.);

L. Eiddon (W. M. G.)"; Monkton (J. P. D.).
A. lucernea, L. — Local, not unc. Fintry (E. C. E.); Campsie (J. G.) ; Luss

Quarries 16/7/93 (A. A. D.) ; Dunoon ; Cumbraes (H. C.) ; Arran (J.G.).
A. simulans, Hufn. — E. nr. Monkton (J. P. D.).
A. obscura, Brh. — E. nr. Monkton (J. P. D.).

228 LEPIDOPTERA.

A. putris, L— R. ; Paisley, several bred 1900 (J. D.) ; Linwood (W. S ) ;
Ayr 26/7/94 (W. F.) ;*Girvan (G. W. O.) ; Whiting B. 6/1856 (A.S.);
Lamlash (W. S.).

A. c-nigrum, L.— C. at sugar. Lochgoilhead 18/6/92; Luss 5/7/93 (A.A.D.);
Gadder (E.C.E.); Paisley (A.M.S.); Girvan (G.W.O.); Arran (J. J.W.);
second brood Clarkston 14/10/93 (A. A. D.).

A. triangulum, Hufn.—R,. ; Loch Goil (T. C.) ; Gareloch 13/7/99 (R. H.) ;
Giffnock 3/7/91 (A.A.D.); Ayr 7/8/94 (W. F.) ; Mauchline 31/7/92
(A. A. D.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).

A. pronuba, L.— Universally dist.,c., very variable, e.d. 29/6/91, 17/6/95, 1/7/96.
A. comes, Hb.— Widely dist., c. on ragwort, variable, e.d. 19/7/92, 21/7/95,

1/8/96.
var. nigrescens, Tutt. — Black, with transverse lines, stigmata outlined

pale ochreous. One Millport, one Tayvallich (A. M. Stewart).
A. brunnea, Fb. — C. but local, variable. Lochgoilhead 7/7/88 ; Glenmallan
9/7/98 (A. A. D.) ; Dunoon (H. C.) ; Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ;
Ayrshire scarce (J. P. D.) ; Corrie (H. L.) ; Tayvallich (A. M. S.).
A. xanthographa, Fb. — C. everywhere, on ragwort etc., exceedingly vari-
able, e.d. 3/8/92, 19/7/93, 8/8/94.
A. castanea, Esp.— Very r. ; Straclmr 10/8/91 (R. H.) ; L. Riddon (W.M.C.);

Luss 31/7/93 (A. A. D.) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; Douglas (J. A. M.).
var. neglecta, Hb. and laevis, Haw.— The grey and reddish-grey forms,

all the local specimens we have seen are referable to these.
A. umbrosa, Hb.— Freq. ; Giffnock 27/7/93 ; 13/7/96 (A. A. D.) ; Elderslie

(J. D.) ; Ardrossan (H. C.) ; Girvan ; Carradale (G. W. O.).
A. rubi, View. — Never c. ; Douglas (J. A. M.) ; Giffnock 14/7/97, 7/7/98
(A. A. D.); Stepps (G. W. O.) ; Kilcreggan ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ;
Corrie 10/7/87 (A. A. D.) ; Ayr 25/6/94 (W. F.).

A. Dahlii, Hb. — Sometimes locally c., variable. Tayvallich (A. M. S.) ;
Inveruglas 7/9/95, Lochgoilhead 27/8/92 (A.A.D.); Helensburgh (A.S.) ;
Paisley r. (J. D.) ; Arran (R. Weaver.).

A. festiva, Hb.— Not. c., very variable. Douglas (J. A.M.); Gadder (G.W.O.);

Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Luss 18/7/93 (A. A. D.) ; Paisley (J. D., A. M. S.) ;

Gourock 17/7/97 (A. A. D.) ; Ayrshire (J. P. D.) ; Arran (J. J.W., H. L.).

A. stigmatica, Hb. — Very r., occasionally nr. Paisley (A. M. S.) ; Linwood

(W. W.).

A. glareosa, Esp.— Not c. ; Inveruglas 1/9/95; Luss 12/9/91 (A. A. D.) ;
Dunoon 20/9 (H. T. Stainton) ; Milngavie (G. W. O.) ; Paisley (J. D.,
A. M. S.) ; Arran (A. B. W.) ; Elvanfoot ( W. E.).
var. rosea, Tutt. — Has been taken in Paisley district.
A. depuncta, L. — One Fintry (E. C. E.).

A. typica, L.— Generally dist., very c., e.d. 1/8/92, 7/8/94, 10/7/97.
Triphaena fimbria, L. — Not c. ; nr. Glasgow (T. C.) ; Renfrew (J. S.) ; Gare-
lochhead (T. J. H.); Lochgoilhead 15/8/92, c. (A. A.D.); L. Riddon
(W. M. C.) ; Troon (G. W. O.) ; Bute (J. G.).

T. ianthina, Esp. — Freq.; Inveruglas (A. A. D.); Dunoon (H. C.); L.
Riddon (W.M.C.); Giffnock 27/7/87, 17/8/93 (A. A. D.) ; Paisley
(A. M. S.) ; Ayr 29/8/94 (W. F.).

T. baja, /ft.— Widely dist., not c., variable, e.d. 13/7/87, 23/7/92, 21/7/95.
T. rubricosa, Fb.— Freq. at sallows. Tarbet (J. S.) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ;
Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Giffnock 14/4/94 (A. A. D.) ; Kilbarchan (A. M. S.) ;
Dundonald (J. Sm.) ; Arran (J. J. W.).

var. mucida, Esp. — Dark purplish, slatey grey suffusion, perhaps com-
monest form.

T. prasina, Fb.— Not c. ; Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead 10/7/88 (A. A. D.) ;
Kilmun (A. S., W. W.) ; Fairfield (J. P. D.); Barr 6/1900 (A. Fergusson) ;
Tayvallich (A. M. S.).

CARADRININA. 229

Heliothis peltigera, Schiff. — Monkton, Ayrshire (J. P. Duncan).

Ochria ochracea, Hb. — R. Gourock (J. D.).

Luperina testacea, Hb.— Giffnock 28/8/87 (A. A. D.) ; Elderslie r. (J. D.) ;

Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Ayr c. 24/8/94 (W. F.) ; Ballantrae 8/8/97 ; Arran

14/8yOO (A. A. D.).
var. nigrescens, Tutt. — Blackish-grey melanic. Occasionally nr. Glasgow

and Paisley.

L. Dumerilii, 'Dup. — One in Arran (Stainton).
Rusina tenebrosa, Hb. — Widely dist., locally abund., e. d. 18/6/92, 20/6/94,

17/6/95.
Amphipyra tragopogonis, L. — Abund. almost everywhere, at sugar, e. d.

24/8/94, 15/8/95, 20/8/97,
Caradrina trapezina, L. — Almost every loc., very variable, e. d. 30/7/95,

12/8/96, 25/7/97.
C. SUbtusa, Fb.—R. Titwood, Glasgow 9/66 (T. J. H.) ; Sandbank (W. W.) ;

one bred Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Ayr (J. G.).

C. umbra, ffufn. — Very r. Douglas (J. A. M.) ; Ayr once (W. F.).
C. micacea, Esp. — Widely dist., c. at sugar and ragwort, 29/7/87, 31/7/93,

12/8/94.

C. petasitis, Dbld.— R. and local. Nr. Paisley (J. D.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.).
C. fulva, Hb. — Abund. marshy ground all over district, e.d. 3/9/98, 29/7/99,

8/9/00. Great range of variation. The type I think does not occur,

but all the other vars. in Tutt's " British Noctuae " may be taken,

including var. concolor, Tutt.
C. arcuosa, Haw. — Widely dist., sometimes locally abund., e.d. 25/6/96,

10/7/97, 3/7/98.
C. quadripunctata, Fb. — Abund. everywhere, e.d. 5/6/87, 12/6/89 ; latest

14/9/93, 18/9/95.
C. morpheus, Hicfn.—Very r., singly. Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Gadder (C. B. C.) ;

Ardrossan (H. C.) ; Ayr 6/7/94 (W. F.).
C. alsines, Brh. — Douglas, Lanarkshire (J. A. M.).
C. taraxaci, Hb.— Local and r. Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Giffnock 30/6/94, 5/7/95

(A. A. D.) ; Paisley r. (J. D., A. M. S.) ; a melanic specimen Giffnock 1895.
C. exulis, Lef. — One Arran at rest on rock ; R. W. 1847, (Stainton, Ent. Ami.}.
C. trigrammica, Hufn. — Local and r. Kilwinning (J. Sra.) ; Ayr (W. F.) ;

Arran (J. J. W.).
Stilbia anomala, Haw. — Local, sometimes c. Holy L. (W. W.) ; L. Riddon

27/7/89 (A.A.D., W.M.C.); Rothesay (M. Y.) ; Cumbrae c. (A. M. S.,

J.D.); Arran (W. S., A. E.).
Hadena meticulosa, L. — Scarce in June, c. on ragwort and sugar in autumn,

e.d. 2/7/87, 19/6/94, 5/9/93, 10/9/94.
H. lucipara, L.— Widely dist., c., but locally inclined, e.d. 18/6/92, 21/5/93 ;

second brood scarce 23/9/90, 19/9/95.
H. maura, L. — Not c., richly coloured. Glasgow (T. C.) ; Paisley (J. D.,

R. Aden) ; Hamilton (W. Forsyth) ; Kilbarchan (A. M. S.) ; Ayr 24/8/94

(W. F.) ; Ballantrae several 19-21/8/97 (A. A. D.) ; Arran (T. C.). Ballan-
trae specimens intermediate betw. vars. rosea and striata, Tutt.
H. rectilinea, Esp.— Two Lochgoilhead 17/6/92 (A.A.D.) ; Shandon (T. Grant).
H. adusta, Esp.— Freq., variable. Lochgoilhead 19/6/92 (A. A. D.) ; Gare-

lochhead (T. J. H.) ; Douglas (J. A. M.) ; Giffnock 21/6/94, 20/5/95

(A. A. D.) ; Kilwinning (J. Sm.) ; Arran (A. B. W.).
H. gemina, Hb.— Widely dist.,c. and very variable, e. d. 5/7/93, 13/6/95, 23/6/96.

var. remissa, Hb. — Occurs with type everywhere.
H. polyodon, L. — Abund. everywhere, very variable, e.d. 13/7/92, 5/7/93,

15/7/96.
var. infuscata, White, and aethiops, Stdgr. have been showing a tendency

to displace the type in many localities.

230 LEPIDOPTERA.

H. lithoxylea, Fb.—C. and widely dist., e. d. 15/7/92, 10/7/93, 5/7/94.

H sublustris, Esp. — Occasional specimen nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill

(J. M.).
H. rurea, Fb. — Abund. everywhere, very variable, e. d. 15/6/94, 30/0/95,

23/6/96.

var. coinbusta, Hb. 1 — As c. as type, depth of colour varies greatly.
H. hepatica, Hb. — Single specimen nr. Stepps 1898 (E. C. E.).
H. furva, Hb.— Freq. Giffnock July 1888 two (A. A. D.) ; Gleniffer c. (J. D.,

A. M. S., W. S.) ; Ardrossan (H. C.) ; Girvan (A. H. B.) ; Arran

(J. J. W.).
H. sordida, Bkh. — Paisley woods not recently (J. D.) ; Fintry, once

(E. C. E.) ; Ardrossan (H. C.).

H. basilinea, F6.— Universally dist. and abund., e. d. 15/6/94, 4/6/95, 17/6/97.
H. pabulatricula, Brh, ( = connexa, BM.)—One Holy L. 8/1885 (W. W.).
H. leucostigma, Hb. — One. var. lunina, Haw., or as reniform is ochreous

probablv var. flavo-lunina, Tutt., Luss, L. Lomond 29/7/93 (A. A. D.).
H. unanimis, TV.— Freq. Bonhills (J.M.); Fintry (E. C.E.) ; Giffnock

several at sugar 5/7/95 (A. A. D.) ; Kilbarchan (A. M. S.) ; Monkton

(J. P. D.).
H. didyma, Esp.— Abund., excessively variable, e. d. 19/7/93, 29/7/94, 8/8/95,

27/7/96.

vars. rava, furca, and lugens, Haw.,&\\ c., with many intermediate forms.
H. nictitans, Bkh. — Hills, moors, etc. Some years very abund., exceedingly

variable, e. d. 12/9/91, 2/9/92, 16/7/93.
var. lucens, Frr. — Our specimens almost entirely referable to this. Type

rarely met with.
H. Haworthii, Curt.—Q., very variable. Lochgoilhead 2/9/92 (A. A. D.) ;

Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Douglas (J. A. M.) ; Stepps

(G. W. O.) ; Gleniffer (A. M. S.) ; Arran 12/7/87 (A. A. D.).
H. literosa, Haw— Locally c. Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Giffnock 1/8/92,

20/7/93 ; Arran 4/8/00 (A. A. D.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ; Ayr 9/8/94 (W. F.).
H. bicoloria, Vill. — Locally c., variable. Luss 15/7/93 ; Giffnock 20/7/87,

18/7/88 (A. A. D.); Paisley (A. M. S.) ; Troon (G. W. O.) ; Kings Cross

4/8/00 (A. A. D.).

var. rufuncula, Haw., is perhaps our commonest on Ayrshire coast.
H. strigilis, Cl— Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Gitfnock 4/7/93, 23/6/94 (A. A. D.) ;

Elderslie (J. D.) ; Greenock (A. S.) ; Ayr 14/6/95 (W. F.).
var. aethiops, Haw. — Freq. in all localities.
H. fasciuncula, Haw. — Abund., very variable. Typical red and clay

coloured, var. cana, Stdgr., equally c., e. d. 21/6/94, 17/6/95, 23/6/96.
var. rubencula, Freyer. — Almost unicolorous light red markings and

central band not developed. One Giffnock (A. A. D.) ; probably.
Metachrostis perla, Fb. — Locally c. Barrochan on walls ( W. W.) ; Adamton

(J. Sm.) ; Girvan (G. R, A. M. S.).
Acronycta leporina, L. — Very r. ; Dunoon (T. C.) ; Kilmun (J. S.) ; Auldton,

Ayrshire(J.P.D.).

A. psi. L. — C., varies greatly in ground colour, e. d. 5/6/91, 6/6/94, 4/6/95.
A. ligustri, Fb.— Once Lochgoilhead 17/6/92 ; one Gl. Mallan 9/7/98 (A. A. D.) ;

Larvae plentiful Inveraray 1897 (J. A. N.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).
A. nimicis, L. — C., L. Riddon (W. M. C.) ; Lochgoilhead 21/5/93 ; Arrochar

28/5/98 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ; Shewalton

(G. E.); Girvan (G. W. O.).
A. euphorbiae, Fb. — var. myricae, Gn. — Larva Dunoon (T. C.) ; Shewalton

(J. Sm.).

A. menyanthidis, View. — Hills and moors, not unc. Dunoon (T. C.) ; Loch-
goilhead 21/5/93 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Houston (W. S.) ;

Shewalton (G. R.) ; Arran (H. L.).

CARADRININA. 231

Fam. Plusiadae.

Aethia tarsipennalis, Tr. — Very local but c., nr. Ayr (J. P. D., T. W.).
Hypenodes costistrigalis, Stph. — Locally c. L. Fyne ; Lochgoilhead (T. C.) ;

L. Eiddon M/7/89 ; Coulport 17/7/00 (A. A. D.) ; Millport (J. D.).
Hypena proboscidalis L. — Abund. everywhere amongst nettles, variable, e.d.

21/6/92, 1/7/93, 25/6/95.
Scoliopteryx libatrix, L. — Not unc. Lochgoilhead 4/92, hv. ; Ardlui

10/10/00 (A. A. D.) ; L. Eiddon (W. M. C.) ; Johnstone(W.W.); Monkton

(J. P. D.).

Plusia chrysitis, L.— C. and widely dist. e.d. 9/7/89, 7/7/94, 7/7/98.
P. bractea, Fb.— Scarce, at flowers. Dunoon (T. C.) ; L. Eiddon 12/7/89

(A. A. D.); Portincaple (A.M.); Fintry several (E. C. E.) ; Bonhill

(S. M.) ; Shandon (T. Grant) ; Lanark (J. G.) ; Paislev (M. Y.); Newton

Woods 1882 and 84 (A. M. S.) ; Ayr (W. F.).
P. festucae, L. — Widely dist., locally abund. at Lychnis, etc., e.d. 20/6/93,

29/6/95, 7/7/98.
P. iota, L. — -Almost everywhere, sometimes abund. on Sweet William, e.d.

5/7/93, 29/6/95, 9/7/98.
P. pulclirina, Haw. — Widely dist., c. at flowers, flies on moors in sunshine,

e.d. 13/7/92, 20/6/93, 25/6/95.
P. gamma, L.—C. June and July, abund. Sept., e.d. 4/7/85, 1/6/95—12/9/95.

7/9/97 ; once bred 7/12/95.
P. interrogationis, L.-- Freq. moors. Inveraray (J. A. N.) ; L. Eiddoii

15/7/89, Glenmallan c. 18/7/97 (A. A. D.) ; Douglas (J. A. M.) ; Greenock

Hills (W.W.) ; Kilmuii (H. T. Stainton) ; Arran (W. S., J. J.W.) ; Tay-

vallich (A. M. S.).
P. tripartita, Hufn. — Almost everywhere, never c. ; at nettles, e.d. 23/6/87.

5/7/89, 7/7/98.

P. triplasia, L.— Singly or scarce. Ayr 3/6/95 (W. F.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.),
Euclidia mi, Cl. — Widely dist. moors all over district, c. in Argyll, e.d.

1/6/94, 23/5/95, 21/5/96.
E. glyphica, L.— Very local, sometimes c., Lanark, Ardentinny (T. C.) ;

Shewalton (T. W.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Ayr 9/5/94, 25/5/95 (W. F.).
Eustrotia uncula, CT.— Locally c., Glen Fafloch 4/6/95, 21/5/96, 19/5/98

(A. A. D.).
E. viridaria, CL— Widely dist., moors, often locally abund., e.d. 5/6/91, 1/6/94,

23/5/95.

Panemeria tenebrata, Sc. — Eobroyston many years since (Mr. Eoss teste T,C.).
Eublemma ostrina, Hb. — Once nr, Monkton, by Mrs. Duncan (J. P. D.).
Ei villa sericealis, Sc.— Local and r. Loch Goil (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead several

30/6/88 (A. A. D) ; Arran (T. C.) ; Tayvallich (A, M.S.).

Fam. Ocneriadae.
Orgyia antiqua, L. — Moors all over district, larvae some years abund., e.d.

12/9/91, 2/9/92, 1/9/95.
Dasychira fascelina, L. — Larvae plentiful L. Long (T. C.) ; Bishopton once

28/6/96 (A. A. D.) ; Barochan ; Port-Glasgow (J. D.) ; Barrassie (J. Sin.).
Colocasia coryli, L.— Not unc. on birch (T. C.) ; L. Eiddon (W. M. C.) ;

Cadder (C. B. C.) ; Eosemount, Ayrshire (J. P. D.) ; Inveraray (J. A. N.).
Porthesia similis, Fuesl. — E., Monkton, Ayrshire (J. P. D.).
Stilpnotia salicis, L. — E. in Ayrshire (J. P. D.).

NOTODONTINA.

Fam. Hydriomenidae.

Trichopteryx viretata, Hb. — E. Eosemount, Ayrshire (J. P. D.).
T. carpinata, MA.— Freq. Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Dunoon (H.C.); Gareloch-

232 LEPIDOPTERA.

head 28/4/00 (A. A. D.) ; Strathblane (J. A. M.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.)

Arran (W.S.,J.J.W.).

T. polycommata, HI. — Arran (J. J. W., Ent. xv. 250).
Chloroclystis rectangulata, L. — Gardens. Luss c. 5/7/93 (A. A. D.) ; Gare-

lochhead (T. J. H.) ; Greenoock (A. S.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Girvan

(G. W. O.).

var. nigrosericeata, Haiv. — Black or nearly so. Gourock 17/6/96 (A. A. D.).
Gymnoscelis pumilata, Hb. — Locally c. on heaths. Ardentinny (T. C.) ;

Tarbert 5/7/86 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Gadder (C. B. C.) ;

Lamlash (W. S.).
Tephroclystis venosata, Fb. — Local, on coast. Arran ( J. J. W.) ; Ailsa

Craig (A. M. S., E. H.) ; Ballantrae, larvae on Silene, 8/97 (A. A. D.).
T. expallidata, Gn. — R. and local, nr. Glenmallan. L. Long two 11/7/97

(A. A. D.) ; Millport (A. M. S.).

T. minutata, Gn. — Locally c., moors. Tarbert 8/7/86 (A. A. D.) ; Gareloch-
head (T. J. H.) ; Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Bishopton (W. S., J. D.) ; Monkton

(J.P. D.); Arran (W.S.).
T. absinthiata, CL— Freq. Uddingston 8/6/92; Giffnock 11/6/87 (A. A. D.);

Paisley (J. D.) ; Garelochead (T. J. H.).
T. assimilata, Gn.— Not unc. gardens. Pollokshields, bred 28/6/95 (A. A. D.);

Paisley (J. D.) ; Garelochhead (T.J.H.); Glenmallan 11/7/97; Kil-

barchan (A. M. S.).
T. vulgata, Haw. — Abund. hedges round Glasgow and Paisley ; widely dist.,

e.d. 21/5/93, 31/5/94, 25/5/95.
T. oblongata, Thnb.— Freq. Tarbert 13/7/86 (A. A. D.) ; Fintry (E. C. E.) ;

Garelochhead (T. J.H.) ; Govanhill (C. B. C.) ; Giffnock 22/6/92 (A. A.D.);

Paisley (W. S.) ; Ardrossan (H. C.).
T. subfulvata, Haw.— Scarce. Glenmallan 9/7/98 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead

(T. J. H.) ; Greenock (A. S.) ; Inveraray (J. A. N.).
var. oxydata, Tr. — A single specimen Glenmallan.
T. satyrata, Hb. — Abund. moors, very variable, mostly var. calhmaria,

Std. — Banded vars., verging on var. Curzoni, Greg. — occasionally, e.d.

1/6/94, 23/5/95, 16/5/96 ; larvae on scabiosa Sept.
T. pulchellata, Stph. — Freq. Larvae abund. on Digitalis flowers, July.

Glenmallan 3/7/97 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Gourock hills,

bred, 12-14/5/96, 18-26/5/97 (A. A. D.) ; L. Riddon (W. M. C.) ; Arran

(J.J.W.).
T. succenturiata, L. — R. Ardrossan (H. C.).

var. disparata, Hb.— One, Millport 7/97 (A. M. S.).
T. castigata, Hb.—C. Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Giffnock 27/6/89, 16/6/90

(A. A.D.); Paisley (A. M. S., W. S.) ; Arran (J. J. W.) ; Kilmartin

(H. V.). Melanic var. = " Paisley Pug," Linwood (J. D., A. M. S., W. S.);

Johnston 14/6/90 (A. A. D) ; Arran (W. S.).
T. lariciata, Frr.— Abund. fir woods, widely dist., e.d. 5/6/91, 21/5/93,

1/6/94, 23/5/95.
T. plumbeolata, Haw.— Very local, sometimes c. Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ;

Crookston 7/7/99, 21/6/00 (A. A. D.) ; Gleniffer ; Donald's Wood, Paislev

(J. D.) ; Kilbarchan (A. M. S.).
T. pygmaeata, Hb.— Scarce.. Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Giffnock 13/6/87

(A. A. D.) ; Paisley district (W. S., A. M. S.) ; Johnstone (W. W.) ;

Ardrossan (H. C.) ; Girvan (G. W. O.).
T. tenuiata, Hb.— Local. Larvae in willow catkins. Luss 5/7/98 (A. A. D.) ;

Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Bonhill (J. M.).
T. indigata, Hb.—C. pine woods. Milngavie 16/5/96 (A. A. D.) ; Cadder

(T. J. H.) ; Linwood (J. D., A. M. S.) ; Bishopton 8/6/95, 26/6/97 (W. S.,

W. W., etc.) ; Bonhill (J. M.).
T. constrictata, Gn. — R. Ardrossan, at rest on trap rocks (H. C.).

NOTODONTINA. 233

T. abbreviata, Stph. — Scarce. Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Bonhill (J. M.).

T. exiguata, Hb. — Once at Both well (H. C.).

T. fraxinata, Crewe.—E>. on ash. Hillhead, Glasgow (T. J. H.) ; Dunoon

(H. T. Stainton) ; L. Riddon, two, 7/89 (A. A. D).
T. sobrinata, Hb. — Amongst juniper, local. Strathblane (F. G. Binnie) ;

Milngavie several 8/94 (A. A. D.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ; Arrau (R. Weaver) ;

Tayvallich (A. M. S.).
T. helveticaria, Bdv. — Amongst juniper, very variable. Milngavie (T. J. H.,

A. A. D.) ; dates bred, 7/4—29/5/94, 25/4—19/5/95 ; Tayvallich

(A. M. S.).

var. arceuthata, Fr. — Commoner than type.
T. nanata, Hb. — Abund,, moors all over district. Larvae on heath Sept.,

e. d. 12/6/97, 11/6/98, 17/6/99.

Eucymatoge scabiosata, Bkh. — R. ; Arrochar 10/6/99 (A. A. D.) ; Gare-
lochhead (T. J. H.).

E. togata, Hb — One Fossil Marsh (J. J. K.) ; Inveraray, one (J. A. N.).
Eucestia spartiata, Fuesl. — Abund. among broom. Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Luss

25/9/91 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Milngavie (A. M.) ; Bridge-

of-Weir 22/9/97 (A. A. D., A. M. S.) ; Dnndonald (J. S.).
E. rufata, Fb.—R. • Irvine (J. Sm.) ; Monkton (J. P. D. ; Giffnock 18/5/01

(A.A.D.).
E. plagiata, L. — Not unc. on walls and rocks all over district, e.d. 18/7/93,

17/7/96, 10/7/98.
Carsia paludata, Thnb. — Verv local, but c. on moors. Douglas (J. A. M.) ;

Helensburgh (A. M'C.) ; Gourock 21/7/95, 16/7/96, 23/7/97 (A. A. D.) ;

Dunoon (T. C.) ; Tarbert (G. W. O.).
Eustroma prunata, L. — In gardens, c. L. Riddon (W. M. C.) ; Luss 16/7/93

(A. A. D.) ; Bothwell (H. C.) ; Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Kilbarchan (A. M. S.) ;

W. Kilbride (W. S.) ; Corrie 10/7/87 (A. A. D.).
E. associata, Bkh. — Nr. Paisley (Morris Young).
E. populata, L. — C. amongst Yaccinium, and widely dist., e.d. 6/7/89, 12/7/95,

17/7/96.
E. testata, L. — Abund. everywhere, and variable, e.d. 16/7/91, 28/7/93,

29/7/96.
Plemyria bicolorata, Hufn. — Abund. amongst alders, widely dist., variable,

e.d. 12/7/89, 16/7/93, 24/7/97.

var. plumbata, Curt. — Occurs with type everywhere, very variable.
P. hastata, L. — Local. Dunoon (T. C.) ; Luss (R, F. Logan) ; Garelochhead

31/5/58 (A. S.); Shewalton (G. R.) ; N. Cumnock (R. M'Gill) ; Corrie

2/7/87 (A. A. D.) ; Lamlash (W. S.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).
P. tristata, L.— Locally c. Ardlni 21/5/96 ; Lochgoilhead 23,5/95 ; Gourock

19/6/97 (A. A. D.); Mugdock (G. W. O.) ; Cadder (E. C. E.) ; Arran

(J. S.).
P. rivata, Hb.—U. • Douglas (J. A. M.) ; Kilwinning (J. Sm.) ; Ayr (W. F.) ;

Arran (J. J. W.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).

P. SOCiata, Bkh.— Abund. everywhere, e.d. 5/6/91, 21/5/93, 1/6/95.
P. galiata, Hb. — Local and scarce, variable. Bishopton (W. W.) ; W. Kil-
bride (J. Sm.) ; Cumbraes (B.C.) ; Arran (J. J. W.).
Hydriomena ocellata, L.— Universally dist., and very c., e.d. 23/6/90,

17/6/92, 1/6/93, 1/6/95.
H. simulata, Hb.— Local and r. Craigmaddie 6/9/91 (R. H.) ; nr. Glasgow

(T. C.) ; Arran (R. Weaver) ; Tayvallich 8/1900, c. (A. M. S.).
H. variata, Schiff. — Abund. pine woods Renfrew, not so c. elsewhere,

variable, e.d. 21/5/93, 8/6/90 ; latest 16/9/91, 12/9/95.
var. obliterata, White. — Commonest form, almost black.
H. juniperata, L. — Local and r. on juniper. Nr. Glasgow (J. S.) ; Kirn

several 10/92 (E. C. E.) ; Arran (R. Weaver) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).

234 LEPIDOPTERA.

H. fulvata, Forst. — C. amongst rose bushes everywhere, e. d. 31/7/92, 16/7/93,

5/7/95.

H. dotata, L.— Widely dist., often locally abuud., e.d. 16/7/91, 31/7/92, 11/7/96.
H. iniata, L. — Local, imc., variable. Inveruglas 18/9/95 ; Luss 23/9/92

(A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead ; Kilcreggan (T. J. H.) ; Dunoon ; nr. Glasgow

(T. C.) ; Douglas (J. A. M.) ; Ayr 20/9/94 (W. F.).
H. siterata, Hufn. — Local and unc. Ardlui ; Inveruglas 20/9/95 (A. A. D.);

Dunoon 20 Sept. (H. T. Staiuton) ; Imiellan (T. C.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ;

Fullerton (J. P. D.) ; Ayr 20/9/94 (W. F.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).
H. sordidata, Fb. — Abund. everywhere, extremely variable, e. d. 29/7/93,

6/8/95, 20/7/96. Red heath-feeding form on Gourock, Arran, and S.

Ayrshire hills.

var. infuscata, Std. — Black form, c. in woods. Nr. Glasgow ; Renfrew.
H. trifasciata, Bkh. — Widely dist., abund. amongst alders, extremely

variable, e. d. 1/6/89, 22/5/90, 19/5/98.

H. mberata, Frr. — Local and r. Lochgoilhead 21/5/93 (A. A. D.); Gare-
lochhead (T. J. H.) ; Eaglesham (J. J. K.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.)
H. truncata, Hufn. — Local, but widely dist., very variable, e.d. 16/7/91,

5/7/93, 5/6/95J till middle of Augt.

var. comma-notatum, Haw. — Giffhock (A. A. D.) ; -Ayr (W. F.) ; Arran.
H. immanata, Haw. — C. almost everywhere, very variable, e. d. 24/7/91,

24/7/92, 29/7/93 ; latest 19/9/91, 23/9/94, 20/9/95.
var. unicolorata, Std. — One almost black, Inveruglas.
H. silaceata, #Z».— Not unc. ; Dunoon (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead 21/5/93, 1/6/94 ;

Ardlui 21/5/96 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Port Glasgow (J.D.) ;

Cadder (C. B. C.) ; Girvan (G.W.O.); Corrie 2/7/87 (A. A. D.) ; How-
wood (A. M. S.).
H. corylata, Thnb.— Freq. ; Dunoon (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead 5/6/91, 21/5/93

(A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Cadder (G. W. O.) ; Fullerton

(J. Sm.) ; Corrie (A. A. D.).
H. suffumata, Hb. — Widely dist., locally inclined, variable, e.d. 10/5/90,

2/5/95, 22/4/96.

var. piceata, Steph.— -Yreq. in Renfrew woods, etc.
H. caesiata, Lang. — Abund. and widely dist., on rocks on hillsides, e.d.

15/7/93, 1/7/95, 17/7/96. Exceedingly variable, Renfrew and Arran

specimens darkest.
H. flavicinctata, Hb. — Local but not unc. Lochgoilhead 8/92 (A. A. D.,

J. W. Tutt.) ; Water-courses above Ardentinny (T. C.).
H. dubitata, L.— R., Sept. Douglas (J. A. M.).
H. badiata, Hb. — Locally c., variable. Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Giffnock

4/4/93, 9/5/95, 22/4/96 (A. A. D.) ; Lin wood (W. S.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.).
H. nigrofasciaria, Gz. — Local and r. Ardentinny (T.C.); Lochgoilhead

17/6/92 (A. A. D.); Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Port-Bannatyne (W. S.) ;

Dundonald (J. Sm.).

H. rubidata, Fb.— Arran (J. J. W., Ent. xv. 250).
H. albicillata, L. — R., Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Kilwinning (J. Sm.).
H. adaequata, Bkh. — Locally c. Lochgoilhead (T. C.) ; Arrochar 17/7/91 ;

Ardlui 27/5/96 ; Glenmallan 9/7/98 (A. A.D.) ; Garelochhead ; nr. Glasgow

(T. J. H.).
H. minorata, Tr. — Local, sometimes abund. Blairmore (A. S.) ; Coulport

14/7/97 ; Luss 12/7/93 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H) ; Fintry

(E. C. E.) ; Innellan 13/7/88 (A. A. D.) ; Carradale (G. W. O.).
H. unifasciata, Haw. — Very local, unc. Giffnock Quarries 4/8/92, 4/8/93

(A. A. D.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ; Johnstone (W. W.) ; Ardrossan 1857 and 74

(H. C.) ; Arran (R, Weaver).
H. alchemillata, L. — Widely dist., sometimes locally abund, e.d. 20/6/93,

14/6/94, 23/6/95.

NOTODONTINA. 235

H. affinitata, Stph.— Generally scarce. Tarbert 18/7/86; L. Eiddou 21/7/92;

Ballantrae c. 7/8/97 (A. A. D.) ; Fossil (E. C. E.) ; Ayr (W. C. S. F.) ;

Girvan (G. W. O.) ; Arran (W. S., J. J. W.) ; Tayvallich (A. M. S.).
H. decolorata, Hb.— Sometimes c. Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Gadder (G. W. O.) ;

Cambuslang 17/6/88 ; Giffnock 19/6/91, 6/6/95 (A. A. D.) ; Milliken Park

(A. M. S.) ; Linwood (W. S.) ; Girvan (G. W. O.) ; Lochgoil (T. C.).
H. albulata, Schiff. — Widely dist., abund., varies slightly, e.d. 22/6/92.

20/6/93 ; 30/6/94 ; 31/5/95.
H. bilineata, L. — Universallv dist., abund. banded forms c., e.d. 30/6/90,

5/7/93, 21/6/94.
H. lapidata, Hb. — Widely dist. moors, abund. 1894, scarce since. Dunoon

13/9/57 (T.C.) ; L. Bidden (J. D., W. M.C.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.) ; Gl.

Messan (J. J. K.) ; Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Kilsyth Hills (A. A. D.) ; Lanark

Hills (K. J. Morton) ; Carrick Hill 20/9/94 (W. F.); e.d. 12/9/96,7/9/97,

9/9/98.
Pelurga comitata, L. — Not c. Pollokshields 25/7/88 (A. A. D.); Paisley

(J. D., W. S., A. E.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Ayr (W. F., T. W.) ; Corrie

8/7/87 (A. A. D., H. L.).
Operophtera brumata, L. — Abund. on hedges everywhere, dark, and banded

vars., freq.; e.d. 6/11/97, 31/10/98, 18/10/00.
0. boreata, Hb. — Freq., becoming commoner latelv. Milngavie 6/11/97

(A. A. D.); W. end Paisley; Kilbarchaii (A. M. S.) ; Bonhill (J.E.M.);

Kilmarnock (G E.).
Euchoeca luteata, Schijf. — Local and r. Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead

several 18/6/92, 21/5/93, Glenmallan 1 sp. 2/7/93 (A. A. D.).
Asthena candidata, Schiff. — Locally c. Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead

18/6/92, 21/5/93 (A. A.'D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Arran (J. J. W.).
A. dilutata, Ekh. — Oak woods, abund. pale and dark banded vars. freq.,

e.d. 24/9/87, 10/10/89, 27/9/96.

var. obscurata, Sid. — Dark unicolorous, freq. Paislev woods.
A. filigrammaria, H. S.— High on Goatfell (E. Weaver, Zool 3496) :

L Eiddon (W. M. C.) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; Douglas (J. A. M.).
A. autumnaria, Gn. — Local and r. Among birches Ardentinny (T. C.);

Gl. Falloch several 27/9/96 (A. A. D.).
Venusia cambrica, Curt. — Local. Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Glenmallan 3/7/97 ;

Luss 5/7/93 (A. A. D.); Garelochhead (t. J. H.) ; Dargavel, Renfrew

(A.M.S.); Girvan (G. W. O.) ; Corrie abund. 2-18/7/87 (A. A. D.) ;

Tayvallich c. (A. M. S.).
Xanthorhoe vittata, Bkh. — Local, sometimes abund. Giffnock 1/7/93

(A.A7D.); nr. Paisley (J. D., A. M. S.) ; Linwood (W. S.) ; L. Eiddon

12/7/89 ; Tarbert 10/7/86 (A. A. D.).

X. cervinata, Schiff. — E. Ardrossan (H. C.) ; Arran (A. B. W.).
X. limitata, Sc. — Widely dist., locally abund., very variable, e. d. 3/8/90,

1/8/92, 28/7/93.
X. plumbaria, Fb. — Local. Tarbert 5/7/86 abund. (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead

(T.J.H.); Greenock (A. S.) ; Paisley (W. S.) ; Ayr 12/6/94 (W. F.) ;

Corrie 2/7/87 (A. A. D., H. L.).

X. bipunctaria, Schiff. — Arran (J. J. W., Ent. xv. 250).
X. multistrigaria, Haw. — Locally c. Dunoon 6th Apl. (T. C.) ; Fintry

(E.G. E.); Gadder (C. B. C.) ; Giffnock 31/3/90, 29/3/93 (A.A.D.);

Paisley (A. M. S., W. S.).
X. didymata, L. — Universally abund., variable, e.d. 16/7/92, 21/7/93,

23/7/94.
X. spadicearia, Bkh. ( = ferrugaria, Haw.) — Widely dist. moors, sometimes

locally abund., e.d. 23/5/95, 19/6/97, 11/6/98 ; latest 3/9/98.
X. ferrugata, L. ( = unidentaria, Haw.)— Widely dist., never c., e.d. 17/6/92,
31/5/95, 19/5/00.

236 LEPIDOPTERA.

X. designata, Rott.— Universally dist, c. May till Augt, e. d. 23/5/89;

5/6/91 ; 21/5/92.
X. munitata, J!?(&.— Locally abund. in all counties, e.d. 21/7/92 ; 8/7/93 ;

12/7/95.
X. firmata, Hb.— Freq. ; Inveruglas 1/9/95 (A.A.D.); Bonhill (J. M.) ;

Craigmaddie (G. W. O.) : Clarkston 23/8/99 (A. A. D.) ; Paisley Moss

(M. Y.) ; Dargavel (A. M. S.) ; Trooii (W. S.).
X. montanata, Bkh. — Very abund. everywhere, variable, e.d 5/6/91 ;

17/6/92 ; 21/5/93. The late T. J. Henderson took two with median band

only reaching from costa to middle. In one from Giffnock it is entirely

awanting.
X. fluctuata, L. — Abund. gardens, etc., very dark, e.d. 16/5/93 ; 27/5/94 ;

13/5/95 ; latest 12/9/91.
X. salicata, Hb. — Local, sometimes abund. rocks on hillsides. Lochgoilhead

1/6/94 (T. C., A. A. D.) ; Tarbert (G. W.O.); L. Riddon (W. M. C.) ;

Milliken Park 12/6/97 (A. M.S.); Gourock Hills 17/6/99 (A.A.D.);

occasionally at end of July and beginning of Aug.
X. olivata, Bkh.— Widely dist., often locally abund., e.d. 24/7/97 ; 9/7/98 ;

18/7/99.
X. viridaria, Fb. — Abund. woods and moorlands, large and brightly coloured,

e.d. 20/6/93 ; 7/6/94 ; 1/6/95.

Fam. Sterrhidae.

Eois virgularia, Hb. — C. Renfrew (J. S.).

E. dilutaria, Hb. — Local and r. ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Tarbert, L. Fvne,

3, July 1886 (A. A. D.).
E. aversata, L. — Widely dist., sometimes locallv c., especially in gardens,

e. d. 24/7/92 ; 10/7/93 ; 29/6/94.
E. dimidiata, Hufn.— Local and unc. Crookston 27/6/95 ; 28/6/98 (A. A. D.).

Freq. in Ayrshire (J. Sm.) ; Dundonald 14/7/00 (A. A. D.).
E. trigeminata, Haw. — Scarce, Renfrew (J. S.).
E. bisetata, Hufn.— Locally c., Tarbert 11/7/86 ; L. Riddon 8/7/89 (A.A.D.);

Garelochhead (T. J. H.') ; Gourock (J. D.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Barr

16/7/99 (A. A. D.).
Leptomeris remutaria, Hb. — Locally c. Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead

5/6/91; 1/6/94 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Inchconnachan, L.

Lomond (G. W. O.).

L. immutata, L. — Arran (J. J. W., Ent. xv. 250).
L. marginepunctata, Gz. — Ardrossan, middle June to end July rocks in

dry pastures (H. C.) ; very dark.
Pylarge fumata, Stph. — Moorlands all over district, locally c., e.d. 10/7/97 ;

9/7/98; 14/7/00.

Leucophthalmia orbicularia, Hb. — One Blackstone Woods, Renfrew (M. Y.).
L. pendularia, Cl. — Very r. ; Argyie (T. C.) ; Luss (R. F. Logan) ; Gareloch-
head (T.J.H.); Innellan (H. C.) ; Corrie 2/7/87 (A.A.D.); Tayvallich

(A. M. S.).

L. porata, Fb. — Singly and r. Lochgoilhead (A. S.) ; Kilmun (J. S.) ; Gare-
lochhead (T. J. H.) ; Arran (J. J. W.).
L. punctaria, L. — Local. Ardentinny c. (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead, several,

17/6/92 ; 21/5/93 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.); Whiteinch (C.B.C.) ;

Linwood (A. M. S.) ; Monkton (J. Sm.).
Calothysanis amata, L. — One Linwood, Renfrew (W. S.) ; Arran (J. J. W.).

Fam. Geometridae.

Euchloris lactearia, L. — Locally c. ; Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Tarbert 5/7/86 ;
Lochgoilhead 21/5/93; 1/6/94 (A. A. D.) ; Is. L. Lomond (G.W.O ) ; L.
Riddon (W. M. C.) ; Ayr (W. F.).

NOTODONTINA. 237

Geometra papilionaria, L. — Freq. ; Ardlui (T.C.) ; Luss c. 5-31/7/93 (A. A.D.);

Garelochhead (T. J. H., A.M.) ; Renfrewshire (J. G.) ; L. Riddon 10/7/89

(A. A. D) ; Arran (W. S., J. J. W.).
Pseudoterpna pruinata, Hufn. — Local and r. ; Luss (R, F. Logan) ; Prest-

wick 30/7/94 (J. P. D., A.' M'C., W. S.).

Fam. Monocteniadae.

Baptria atrata, L. — Widely dist., and locally abund., e.d. 24/5/88 ; 17/6/92 ;

17/6/95.
Erannis aescularia, Schiff. — Not c. ; Renfrew (J. S.) ; Johnstone 20/2/97

(A. A. D.) ; Gourock (T. C.) ; L. Riddon (W. M. C.) ; Ayr 20/3/95 (W. F.).

Fam. Selidosemidae.

Opisthograptis liturata, Cl— Scarce ; Ard en tinny (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead

19/6/92 (A.A.D.); Gadder (C.B.C.); Bishopton several (W. S., A. E.) ;

Kilmarnock (G. R.) ; Dailly (G. W. O.) ; Arran (R, Weaver).
0. clathrata, L. — C., Railway embankment S. of Ayr 9/5/94 ; 25/5/95 ;

19/5/00 (W. F.) ; Shewalton (T. W.).
0. luteolata, L. — Abund., in hawthorn hedges all over district, e.d. 23/5/93 ;

3/6/95 ; 24/5/98 occasionally in Augt.
Diastictis wauaria, L. — Widely dist., sometimes abund., in gardens, e.d

13/7/87 ; 3/8/92 ; 21/7/93.

Ectropis biundularia, Bkk. — Locally c., larch woods ; Ardlui 18/5/99; Loch-
goilhead 21/5/93 (A. A. D.) ; Ardentinny (T.C.) ; Inchconnachan (A. M'C.);

Kirn (E. C. E) ; Arran (W. E.).

Deileptenia abietaria, Hb. — Nr. Dumbarton (M. Y.).
Cleora lichenaria, Hufn. — R. ; Glasgow (T. C.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Ayr

26/7/94 (W. F.); Girvan (G.W.O.); Barr 21/7/99 (A. A. D.) ; Kilberry

(M. L. C.).

Selidosema ericetaria, Vill. — Arran (J. J. W., Ent. xv. 250).
S. repandata, L. — Abund., variable, widely dist., e.d. 27/6 89 ; 13/7/92 ;

5/7/93.

var. conversaria, Hb. — Broad dark banded Arran ; Argyll.
var. sodorensium, Weir. — Leaden grey ; commonest form, Arran sp.

generally darker.
S. glabraria, Hb. — Reported for Clyde (F. B. W.) ; several in woods nr.

Inveraray during last 4 years (J. A. N.).
S. gemmaria, Brh. — Local and r.; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Cumbraes (H.C.);

Ayr 777/94 (W. F.) ; Girvan (G. W. O.).
BupalllS piniarius, L. — Widely dist., pine woods, often abund., e.d. 14/6/90 ;

6/6/94 ; 8/6/95.
B. atomarius, L. — Abund., moors everywhere, variable several dark brown

unicolorous sp. from Renfrewshire, e.d. 23/5/94 ; 16/5/96 ; 19/5/98.
Abraxas grossulariata, L. — Abund. gardens, e.d. 24/6/87 ; 16/7/92 ; 1/7/95.

Larvae on Cotyledon umbilicus ? Ailsa Craig (Thos. Chapman).
A. sylvata, Sc. — Local in Ayrshire, Prestwick once (J. P. D.) ; Pinwhapple

GL, Girvan abund. (G. W. O.).

A. adustata, Schiff.— Arran (J. J. W., Ent. xv. 250).
A. marginata, L. — Locally c., markings very variable. Lochgoilhead

30/6/88 ; 21/5/93. Gl.Falloch 21/5/96 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ;.

Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Girvan (G. W. O.) ; Arran ( J. J. W.).
Pseudopanthera macularia, L. — Local and r. Yoker (M. Y.) ; Mugdock

18/5/90 (G. W. O.) ; and 26/5/95 (R. H.) ; Milngavie 2/6/92 (A. A. D.) ;.

Girvan (J. Sm.) ; Arran (J. J. W.).
P. obscuraria, Hb. — Local and unc. Cumbrae (W. S., A. M. S.) ; Ardrossan.

(H. C.) ; Tayvallich (A. M. S.).

238 LEPIDOPTERA.

P. obfuscaria, Hb. — Locally c., variable. Dunoon (T. C.) ; Garelochhead

(T.J.H.); Gourock 19/7/96 ; 10/7/97 (A. A. D.) ; Arran c. (J. J. W.,

W.S., etc.).
P. petraria, ffb.—C. Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Arrochar 19/5/98 ; Gl. Falloch

11/5/95 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Inchmoan (G. W. O.).
Crocota belgaria, Hb. — Freq. moors. Dunoon ; L. Long (T. C.) ; Tarbert

5/7/86 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Garnkirk (G. W. O.) ; Green-

ock 12/6/58 (A. S.) ; Irvine 22/7/00 (A. A. D.) ; Arran (W. S.).
C. strigillaria. Hb. — Very local but c. Linwood ; Bishopton ; Renfrew(J. D.,

A. M. S., W. S., etc.).
Theria rupicapraria, Hb. — Locally c. Renfrew 8/2/51 (J. S., Zool. 3061);

Johnstone ( W. W.) ; Kilbarchan 4/3/00 (A. M. S.) ; Kilmarnock (G. R.) ;

Ayr at light 20/3/95 (W. F.).
Hybernia leucophaearia, Schiff. — Not unc. (J. S.) probably Renfrew. No

recent records.
H. marginalia, BJch. — Abund. everywhere, variable, e.d. 20/2/97 ; 5/3/98 ;

25/2/99. Very dark unicolorous specimens in Renfrew.
H. aurantiaria, Esp. — Local and unc. Cadder (C. B. C., T. J. H.) ; Gareloch-
head (T. J. H.) ; Paisley Woods (M. Y.).
H. defoliaria, C?.— -Oak woods, verv variable, larvae abund. Inveruglas

20/9/95 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Miln-

gavie (G. W. O.) ; Cadder 13/10/96 (E. C. E., C. B. C.) ;" nr. Paisley (J. D.) ;

Argyll (T. C.) ; freq. Ayrshire (J. Sin.).
Apocheima pedaria, Fb. — C. and widely dist., variable, e.d. 15/2/96 ; 20/2/97 ;

17/3/00.

Biston Mrtarius, Cl. — Pupa in Renfrew (M. Y.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).
B. betularius, L.— Not unc.; Kilmartin (H. V.); L. Riddon (W. M. C.);

Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Luss, larvae (A. A. D.) ; Inchmoan (G. W. O.) ;

Paisley (J. D.) ; Gourock 25/6/97 (A. A. D.) ; Ayr bred 22/5/95 (W. F.) ;

Rothesay (T. Grant).

var. Doubledayaria, Mill . — Bred from larvae, nr. Paisley ( J. Dunsmore).
Deilinia pursaria, L. — Abund. everywhere, ed. 25/5/95 ; 26/6/97 ; 19/5/00.

D. exanthemata, Sc.— Gen. dist., e.d. 5/6/91 ; 17/6/92 ; 1/6/93.
Ourapteryx sambucaria, L. — Local and r. ; nr. Glasgow (T. C.) ; Milngavie

22/7/85 (A. A. D.) ; Ayr 26/7/91 (A. Muiiro, W. F.) ; Dundonald

(J. Sin.).
Metrocampa prosapiaria, L. — Never c. ; Lochgoilhead 19/6,92 (A. A. D.) ;

Garelochhead (T.J.H.); Fintry (E.C.E.); Cadder (C.B.C.); Douglas

(J. A. M.) ; Bishopton (W. S., A. M. S.) ; Arran 3/7/87 (A. A. D., H. L.).
M. margaritaria, L. — Scarce nr. Glasgow, abund. elsewhere all over district,

e.d. 30/6/88 ; 27/6/89 ; 10/7/93.
M. pulveraria, L. — Freq. ; Dunoon ; Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead

17/6/92 ; 1/6/94 ; Ardlui 14/6/95 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J.^H.).
Euchlaena prunaria, L. — Arran (J. J. W. Ent. xv. 250).

E. apiciaria, Schiff. — Dunoon (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead not unc. 27/8/89 (A. A. D.,

J. W. Tutt) ; Renfrew (J. S.).
Selenia bilunaria, Esp. — Widely dist., seldom c. ; Lochgoilhead (A. M.) ;

Dumbarton (R. H.) ; Cadder (C. B. C.) ; Lanark (J. G.) ; Giffnock

6/5/87 ; 13/5/93 (A. A. D.) ; Paisley (VV. S.) ; Kilmarnock (G. R.) ; Arran

(J.J.W).
S. lunaria, Schiff.— Very r. c ; Monkton (J. P. D.) ; 2 at light Ayr 25/5/94

(W. F.) ; Inveraray (J. A. N.).
Colotois pennaria, L. — Freq. ; L. Riddon (W. M. C.) ; Dunoon (H. C.) ;

Bonhill (J. M.) ; Milngavie bred 3/10/94 (A. A. D.) ; nr. Glasgow (T. C.);

Paisley (J. D.) ; Ayr 10/10/94 (W. F.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).
Ennomos erosaria, Bkh.—R. • Inveruglas 8/9/95 (A. A. D.) ; Drvmen

9/1895 (G.W.O.).

NOTODOXTINA. 239

E. alniaria, L. — Freq. ; Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Dunoon (H. C.) ; L. Eiddon

(W. M.C.); Luss 13/9/91 (A. A. D.) ; Ayr 4/9/94 (W. F., J. G.) ; Arran

(W. S., A. E.).

E. quercinaria, L. — Dimoon from oak (T. C.).
Gonodontis bidentata, Cl. — C., widely disk, dark and variable, e.d. 18/6/92 ;

23/5/94; 23/5/97.
G. elinguaria, L. — Widely dist., sometimes locally c., variable, e.d. 13/7/89 ;

27/7/93 ; 29/7/94.

Fam. Polyplocidae.

Habrosyne derasa, L. — Very r. ; Southbar ; Gourock (J. D.).
Thyatira batis, L. — C. at "sugar ; Dimoon (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead 186/92;

21/5 '93 (A. A. D.) ; Linwood (W. S.) ; Ayr 25/6/94 (W. F.) ; Girvan

(G. W. O.) ; Arran (T. C.) ; Carradale (G. W. O.).
Palimpsestis duplaris, L. — Freq. ; Ardentinny 10/7/58 (A. S.) ; Glenmallan

3 7/97 ; 9/7/98 (A. A. D.) ; Lanark (J. G.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ; Tarbert

8/7/86 ; Corrie 7/7/87 (A. A. D.).
var obscura, Tutt. — Nr. Paisley ; L. Long.
P. or, Fb. — Larvae on aspen L. Long ; L. Goil (T. A. C.) ; L. Lomond (T. C.) ;

nr. Glasgow (J. G.).

Polyploca diluta, Fb. — One bred from pupa Paisley woods (M. Y.).
P. flavicornis, L. — Freq., larvae c. on birch. Dunoon (T. C.) ; Bonhill

(J. M.) ; nr. Glasgow (H. C.) ; Eenfrew (J. S.) ; Johnstone 8/3/97 ;

Inverkip 3/4/97 (A. A. D.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).

Fam. Sphingidae.

Hemaris bombyliformis, Esp. — Larvae occasionally on Scabiosa. Dunoon

27th May (T. C.) ; L. Riddon (W. M. C.) ; Garelochhead 31/5/58 (A. S.) ;

Ayrshire (J. P. D., Mr. Tainsh teste T.C.) ; nr. Paisley (J. D.).
H. fuciformis, L. — Scarce nr. Paisley (J. S.) ; r. in Ayrshire (J. Sm.).
Macroglossa stellatarum, L. — Uncertain, abund. in 1899. Inveraray

(J. A. X.) ; Fintry ; Glasgow (E. C. E.) ; Thankerton (Rev. J. D. Gibson)";

Kilbarchan 6/1899 (A. M. S.) ; Monkton freq. 1851 (J. D. P.) ; Arrau

(J. J. W.).
Deilephila porcellus, L. — C. Ayrshire, Irvine ; larva full fed 3/9/00

(A. A. D.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Ayr 24/6/99 (T. W.) ; Girvau (G. R.) ;

Lendalfoot (Berry) ; Troon (W. E.).

D. elpenor, L.— Clyde (B. F. W. Scot. Nat.) ; Lendalfoot, Ayr (R. Dunlop).
D. celerio, L. — Scarce immigrant. One in greenhouse Hamilton, scarce in

Ayrshire (J. P. D.).
D. nerii, L. — Immigrant. One Glasgow 10/9/86 (J. E. Wilson) ; one nr.

Barrhead end of Sept. 1900 (T. Grant).
D. lineata, Fb. — One iir. Glasgow about 1845 (J. G.).
D. euphorbiae, L. — Monkton, Ayrshire (R. Dunlop).
D. galii, Rott.— Very r. ; Glasgow 9/1888 (E. C. E.) ; Larvae Monkton

(J. P. D.) ; one caught and several seen nr. Kilmarnock by Miss Stewart

(W. D. Robinson).
Sphinx ligustri, L. — R. ; nr. Glasgow about 1846 (J. G.) ; Banks of Kelvin

1897 (J. Brand) ; Possil Marsh (C. B. C.) ; nr. Kilmarnock (R. Dunlop).
S. convolvuli, L.— R. ; Row 9/1875 (J.H.Pearson); Glasgow (J. J. K.) ;

Paisley (J. S.) ; Kilbarchan 9/97 (A. M. S.) ; Ayr 9/94 (W. F.) ; Lamlash

3/9/47* (W. T. C. Thomson).
Acherontia atropos, L. — Kirn (A. M'C. ) ; Vale of Leven (J. M.) ; Campsie

(C. B. C.); Glasgow 20/9/00 (A. A. D., J.J.K.); Giffnock (G. W. O.) ;

Renfrew (J. S.) ; Paisley 12/6/97 : larvae Port Glasgow (Taylor) ; Bishop-

tnn (P. H. Grimshaw) ; Milliken Park (W. W.) ; Greenock (J. G.) ;

Kilmarnock 10/7/00 (G. R.) j Lendalfoot ; larva and pupa 8/1900 (T. W.) ;

Stranraer (J. G. G.).

240 LEPIDOPTERA.

Snierinthus populi, L. — Larvae abund. ; poplar, willow all over district.
Dilina tiliae, L. — Very r., ur. Hamilton 1859 (Mr. Lang teste T. C.) ; once nr.
Houston (J. D.) ; nr. Kilmarnock (R. Dunlop).

Fam. Notodontidae.

Pygaera pigra, Hufn. — Dunoon, larvae plentiful (T. C.) ; Garelochhead

(T. J. H.) ; Paisley (M. Y.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).
Notodonta ziczac, L. — Larvae c. on poplar and willow. Dunoon (T. C.) ;

Inveraray (J. A. N.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Lanark (J. G.) ; Crook-

ston (A. A. D.) ; Ayrshire (J. S. M.) ; Arran (H. L.).
N. dromedarius, L. — Larvae c. on birch. Kippen (G. W. 0.) ; L. Lomond ;

Dunoon (T. C.) ; Lanark (J. G.) ; Dargavel (W. S., A. M. S.) ; Kilmarnock

(G. R.) ; Ayr (W. F.) ; Corrie 5/7/87 (A.A.D., H.L.).

N. tritophus, Esp, — One in Renfrewshire (M. Y.) second British capture.
Drymonia dictaeoides, Esp. — Not c., larvae on birch. Ardentinny ; Gareloch ;

L. Lomond (T. C.) ; Inveraray (J. A. N.) ; Kilwinning (J. S.) ; Corrie

15/7/87 (A. A. D., H. L.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).
D. tremula, Cl( = dictaea, Esp.). — Larvae c.,on willow and alder. Ardentinny

(T. C.) ; Luss (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Lanark (J. G.) ; Dar-
gavel (J. D.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Ayr (T. W.).
D. trepida, Esp. — Larva at Arrochar (T. C.).

D. trimacula, Esp. — Very r. ; Ardentinny, 1858 (T. C.) ; Luss (R. F. Logan).
D. chaonia, Hb. — Once nr. Johnstone (W. W.) ; once L. Riddon (W. M. C.).
Pterostoma palpina, L. — Once nr. Monkton (J. P. D.).
Odontosia camelina, L. — Larvae abund. on beech, etc., e.d. 5/6/91 ; 3/6/92 ;

1/6/95.

0. carmelita, Esp. — Larvae at Ardentinny, L. Long 1858 (T. C.).
Cemra vinula, L. — Widely dist., larvae c. on willow, full fed end of July,

bred 26/5/91 ; 20/5/95.
C. furcula, L. — Local, but not unc. Lanark (J. G.) ; nr. Glasgow (T. C.) ;

Paisley (M. Y.) ; Loch Riddon (W. M. C.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.).
Phalera bucephala, L. — Larvae Abund., Augt. & Sept. on oak, willow,

alder, etc., bred, 12/5/97 ; 19/5/98 ; 23/4/00.

Fam. Saturniadae.

Saturnia pavonia, L. — C., moors all over district, e.d., 12/5/97 ; 19/5/98 ;
23/4/00.

LASIOCAMPINA.

Fam. Drepanidae.

Cilix glaucata, Sc. — Locally c. ; Paisley (J. D.) ; Renfrew (J. S.) ; Rothesay
6/1889 (A. A. D.) ; Ayr 6/6/95 (W. F.) ; Whiting Bay 6/1856 (A. S,).

Falcaria lacertinaria, L. — Freq. : Dunoon ; Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Lochgoil-
head 5/6/91 ; 18/6/92 (A. A. D.) ; Inchmoan (G. W. O.) ; L. Riddon
(W. M. C.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ; Corrie (H. L.) ; Lamlash (W. S.).

F. falcataria, L.— Freq. ; Dunoon (T. C.) ; Lochgoilhead 5/6/91 ; 18/6/92 ;
Ardlui ; larva on alder, bred 23/5/97 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J.H.) ;
Milngavie 14/6/91 (R. H.) ; Arran (H. L.).

Fam. Lasiocampidae.

Lasiocampa quercus, L. — Abund. moors, widely dist., but somewhat local.

Our specimens all var. callunae, Palmer, e.d. 6/7/86 ; 10/7/97 ; 12/7/99.
Eriogaster populi, L. — Freq. at light. Lochgoilhead 11/96 (A. A. D.) ; Kil-

mun (A. S.) ; Dunoon (H. C.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Shandon 10/98

(T. Grant) ; Barr 11/94 (W. F.).
E. lanestris, L. — Various places on Firth of Clyde (J. G.).

PAPIL10NINA. 241

E. rubi, L. — Larvae abund. hills and moors, everywhere, e.d. 1/6/95 ; 13/6/97.

E. crataegi, L. — Very r. in Ayr (J. P. D.) ; one Lamlash (W. S.).

Odonestis potatoria, L. — Locally abund. Inveraray (J. A. N.) ; Arrochar
6/7/91 ; Glenmallan 10/7/97 (A. A. D.) ; Inchmoan (G. W. O.) ; Rower-
dennan (J. A. M.) ; Fintry (E. C. E.) ; L. Riddon (W. M. C.) ; Bute
(T. C.) ; Kilmarnock (G. E.") ; Monkton (T. W.).

PAPILIONINA.
Fam. Nymphalidae.

Argynnis paphia, L. — One nr. Arrochar (M. Y.) ; Newman gives specimen

by Birchall same locality. Perhaps the same record.
A. aglaia, L. — All over Dumbarton and Argyll hills ; Bute ; Arran ; locally

abund. in several localities in Ayr, e.d. 4/7/87, 17/7/97, 7/7/00.
A. euphrosyne, L. — No recent records. Argyll, not unc. (T. C.) ; Gareloch-

head 31/5/88 (A. S., T. J. H.) ; Dundonald ; Castle hill, Ayr (J. P. D.) ;

Arran (D. Landsborough).

A. Selene, Schiff.— Universally dist., locally c., e.d. 5/6/91 ; 18/6/92 ; 1/6/95.
Melitaea aurinia, R ott. — Pupa Gl. Messan ; imagines abund. Dunoon (T. C.) ;

Farm of Langholm and nr. Dundonald, Ayrshire ( J. P. D.) ; Kilmartin

(H. V.) ; Kilberry (M. L. C.).
Vanessa urticae, L. — Abund. everywhere. Large and richly coloured.

Hy. Apl. and May, e.d. 13/7/89, 1/7/93, 4/8/00.
V. polychloros, L. — One Castle Sweyne, South Napdale 20/7/87 (J. Mackay) ;

one seen Cairn Ryan (J. G. G.).
V. io, L.— Very r ; Hamilton once (W. Forsyth) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; W. Kil-

bride (D. A. Boyd) ; Stevenston (Marshall, teste J. Sm.) ; Monkton

larvae 1857 ; Symington (J. P. D.) ; Arran (T. C., A. Noble) ; in Glasgow

(teste E. C. E.). "
V. antiopa, L.— Two nr. Paisley by Mr. Strang 1852 (teste T. C.) (note J. S.

Zool. xvi. 6065) ; Mr. J. Smith reports another nr. Beith.
V. atalanta, L. — C. some years. Abund. in 1894, 1899 and 1900. Hy.

May and June, e.d. 16/8/98 ; 19899; 17/8/00.
V. cardui, L. — Uncertain and migratory. Campsie (T. C.) ; Garelochhead :

Kilcreggan (T. J. H.) ; Baldernock 7/98 (G. W. O.) ; Barrhead 25/6/88

(A. A. D.); Paisley (W.S.); Ayr 9/94 (W. F.) ; Arran (A. B. W.,

A. Noble).

Fam. Satyridae.

Pararge aegeria, L. — R ; Inveraray (T. C.) ; Cadzow (H. C.) ; Ballochmyle,

4th May (J. P. D.) ; Arran (H. C.) ; Tayvallich 8/1900 (A. M. S.).
P. megaera, L. — R ; Ardrossan (H. C.) ; everv parish in Ayr (J. P. D.) ;

Whitino- B. 6 1856 (A. S.).
Satyrus semele, L. — Locally abund. ; Argyll (T. C.) ; Erskine Ferry (J. S.) ;

all along coast Saltcoats to Ballantrae ; locally abund. Arran, e.d.

7/7/87 ; 8/7/99 ; 14/7/00.

Epinephele tithonus, L. — A few in Dundonald parish Ayr (J. P. D.).
E. janira, L. — Abund., variable, ff. large and brightly coloured, e.d. 16/7/92 ;

5/7/93 ; 7 7/00.
E. hyperanthus, L.— Locally c. ; Lochgoilhead 30/6/88 (A. A. D.) ; Kil-

malcolm (J. D.) ; Falls of Clyde 22/6/89 (R. H.) ; Shewalton 30/6/94

(G. R.) ; Girvan (G. W. O.) ; Arran (D. Landsborough).
Erebia aethlops, Esp. — Locally abund. in Dumbarton, Argyll, Bute, and

Ayrshire. Variable. Added to British list from specimens taken in

Arran in 1804 by Sir Patrick Walker, e.d. 12/7/87 ; 13/7/89 ; 10/7/93.
E. epiphron, Knock.— Ben Lomond, first week in 8/1856 (M. Y. Ent. ^Yk.

Int. i. 166).

Q

242 LEPIDOPTERA.

Coenonympha tiphon, Rott. — C. moors and widely dist., e.d. 20/6/94 ;

13/6/96 ; 27/6/97.

var. laidion, Bkh. — Our commonest form.

var. philoxenus, Esp. — Specimens from Kintyre often approach this.
C. pamphilus, L.— Widely dist, abund., variable, e.d. 5/6/91; 1/6/93;
21/5/94 ; 25/5/95.

Fam. Lycaenidae.

Thecla nibi, L. — Locally abund. L. Long, end of April (T. C.) ; Lochgoil-

head 5/6/94 (A. A. D.) ; Milngavie (G. W. O.) ; Auchincruive (J. P. D.) ;

Eothesay 24/5/91 (A. A. D.) ; Arran (W. S.).
T. quercus, L.— Local and r. Kilmun 2 sp. about 1881 (W. W.) ; Luss

(R. F. Logan) ; Helensburgh (J. S.) ; Monument Plantation, Monkton

(J. P. D.) ; Tay vallich (A. M. S.).
Chrysophanus minimus, Fuesl. — Local. Dumbarton (J. G.) ; Ardrossan

(H. C.) ; Troon (J. P. D.) ; Girvan (G. W. O.) ; Arran (A. S.).
C. astrarche, Bqstr. var. artaxerxes Fab. — Ayrshire coast locally c. Troon

to Ballantrae (J. P. D., G. W. O., A. A. D., etc.), e.d. 5/7/94, nr. Stranraer,

6/6/96 (J. G. G.).
C. phlaeas, L. — Widely dist, often locally abund., three broods, May till

Oct., e.d. 15/5/94 ; 19/5/00 ; latest 3/10/96.
var. radiata, Tutt. — One Inveruglas 13/9/95 (A. A. D.).
Lycaena aegon, Schif. — One m. near Gourock 3/8/94 (A. M.).
L. icanis, Rott.— Widely dist., abund., ff. very variable, e.d. 12/6/94 ; 14/6/96 ;

30/6/00 ; occasionally in Aug.
var. icarinus, Scriba. — Occasionally occurs.

Fam. Pieridae.

Colias hyale, L. — Immigrant One Bonhill, Dumbarton, 5/8/96 (J. M.).

C. edusa, ^.—Immigrant, irregular. Tarbert, 24/8/92 (A. M'C. E. H.,

W. W.) ; Inveraray (J. A. N.) ; Dunoon 7th Sept (Mr. Manners teste

T. C.) ; Whistlefield, L. Long (Hughes) ; Row (Woodford Ent. xxv. 313) ;

Gourock (J. D.) ; five on Ayrshire Coast 1852 (T. C. Ent. Wk. Int. 5/43) ;

several in Ayrshire (J. Sm. Proc. G.N.H.S. iv. n-s, 35 and J. P. D. Scot.

Nat. i. 75) ; Lamlash 3/9/47 (Thomson, Zool. vol. vi. p. 1985) ; several

Arran (A. B. W., J. A. M. Ent. xxvi, and A. Noble Trans. G. S. of F. N.

107) ; Stranraer 29/8/98 (A. A. D.).
Euchloe cardamines, L. — No recent records. Lanarkshire (T. C.) ; Renfrew

(J. S) ; Paisley (M. Y.) ; Gourock (J. E. S. teste T. C.) ; Ayrshire, gen.

dist and rather c. (J. P. D.).
Pieris napi, L. — Abund. everywhere. Strongly marked seasonal variation,

e.d. first brood 9/5/96; 19/5/98; 3/5/00; second 31/7/96; 14/7/99;

14/7/00.
P. rapae, L. — Very c. and gen. dist., decided seasonal varieties, e.d. first

brood 16/4/99 ; 19/4/00 ; second 15/7/99 ; 26/7/00.
P. brassicae, L.— C. and widely dist, e.d. first brood, 6/6/91 ; 5/6/94 ; 26/5/00 ;

second 20/8/97 ; 28/8/99 ; 13/8/00.
var. chariclea, St. — Freq. and with both broods.

Fam. Hesperiadae.

Hesperia malvae, L. — No recent records. Heathy places nr. Glasgow

(J. G.) ; Cairn Ryan 6/6/96 (J. G. G.).
H. tages, L. — Locally c. ; nearGlasgow(T. C.) ; Troon (J. P. D.) ; Shewalton

(T. W.) ; nr. Ayr 7/5/94, 25/5/95, 19/5/00 (W. F.) ; nr. Stranraer 6/6/97

(J. G. G.).
Pamphila sylvanus, Esp.— One Cairn Ryan, Wigton 5/6/97 (J. G. G.).

PYRALIDINA. 243

PYRALIDINA.
Fam. Phycitidae.

Anerastia lotella, Rb.—One Irvine sand hills 8/7/99 (A. A. D.).

Pempelia dilutella, Hb. — E ; Ardrossan (H. C.).

Salebria fusca, Haw. — C. moors. Frequenting burnt heather. Luss 16/7/93
(A.A.D.) ; Bonhill (J.M.) ; Dunoon (T. C.) ; Bishopton 30/6/96 ; 26/6/97
(A. A. D., W.S.) ; Arran (W. S.) ; Shewalton 14/7/00 (A. A. D.).

pioryctria abietella, Fb. — Very r. ; nr. Rutherglen 30 June (H. C.) ; one
beat from pine, Linwood ("W. W.) ; once Dargavel (J. D.).

Ephestia elutella, Rb.—One in Maderia Court, Glasgow 8/94 (A. A. D.).

E. calidella, Gn. — Fruit shops in Glasgow (T. C.).

E. kuehnieila, Z. — Occasionally in Paisley (J. D.).

Homoeosoma binaevella, Hb. — One in Glasgow (T. J. H.).

Fam. Galleriadae.

Meliphora grisella; Fb. — Paisley, bred in abundance from old bee-skep

(J. D.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.). '
Aphomia sociella, Z.— Freq. ; Tarbert 7/7/86 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead

(T. J. H.); Catacole, Arran (A. S., J. D.) ; Corrie 18/7/87 (A. A. D.);

Holy Isle (H.C.) ; Lamlash (W. S.).

Fam. Crambidae.

Crambus hamellus, Thnb. — Donald's Wood nr. Paisley, several (J. D.).

C. pascuellus, L. — Locally c. ; Dunoon (H. C.) ; Lochgoilhead 3/6/94 ; Glen-

mallan 2/7/98 (A. A. D.) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; Johnstone 15/6/95 (A. A. D.);

Lamlash (W. S.) ; Ardrossan (H. C.).

C. dumetellus, Hb.— Locally c. on Gleniffer Braes (J. D.).
C. pratellus, Z.— Very abund. all over district, e.d. 21/5/96 ; 28/5/98 ; 3/6/00.
C. culmellus, L. — Most abund. occurring everywhere, e.d. 1 0/7/92 ; 28/6/93 ;

25/6/95 ; 1/7/96.
C. hortuellus, Hb.— Locally c. ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Cathcart 4/6/95 ;

Crookston 25/6/96 ; Corrie 3/7/87 (A. A. D.) ; Kilbarchan (A. M. S.).
C. pinellus, L.— Freq. ; Lochgoil (T. C.) ; Tarbert 13/7/86 ; Luss c. 17/7/93

(A.A.D.); Garelochhead (T.J. H.) ; Gadder (G. W. O.) ; Dundonald

14/7/00 ; Corrie 5/7/87 (A. A. D.) ; Tayvallich (A. M. S.).
C. nargaritellus, Hb. — Locally c. ; Dunoon (T. C.) ; Glenmallan 9/7/98

(A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Bishopton (J. D.) ; Gadder Moss

7/89 ; Gorrie 2/7/87 (A. A. D.) ; Tayvallich (A. M. S.).
C. latistrius, Haw.— Irvine Moor, c. 12/8/99 (A. A. D.) ; Arran (F. B. W.

Scot. Nat. i. 169).
C. perlellus, Scop.-C. Troon (J. D., AV. S.) ; several Corrie 8/7/87 (A. A. D.).

var. Warringtonellus, Zell. — Several Troon (J. D.).
C. geniculeus, Haw. — Locally abund. ; Ardrossan (H. C.) ; Saltcoats (E.

Weaver) : Ballantrae 7/8/97 ; Little Cumbrae 10/8/95 ; King's Cross,

Arran 7/8/00 (A. A. D.).
C. tristellus, Fb.— Abund. everywhere, e.d. 16/7/92 ; 13/6/93 ; 30/6/94 ;

till Sept.

Fam. Pyraustidae.

Donacaula mucronella, Schiff. — Nr. Glasgow 28th July (J. S. ZooL 8. 2885) ;

Possil Marsh, one, 1/9/94 (A. A. D.).
Cataclysta lemnata, L. — Very abund. Possil Marsh, e.d. 6/8/95 ; 10/8/96 ;

30/7/97.
Nymphula stagnata, Don. — Locally c. ; Possil Marsh (T. J. H.) ; Crookston

22/6/97 (A, A. D.) ; near Paisley (J. D., A. M. S.) ; Troon (J. P. D.) ;

Tayvallich (A. M, S.),

244 LEPIDOPTERA.

Hydrocampa nymphaeata, //.--Locally abund. ; extremely variable. Fossil

Marsh (T. J. H.) ; Crookston 22/6/95; 29/6/96; 28/6/98 (A. A. D.) ; nr.

Paisley (J. D., W. S.) ; Ardrossan (H. C.) ; Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Tay val-

lich (A. M. S.)

Eurrhypara urticata, L. — Once Monkton (J. P. D.) ; one Dundonald 22/7/00

(A. A. D.).
Phlyctaenia crocealis, Hb. — E. ; Once Rothesay (M. Y.) ; Ormadale, two

(J. D.).

P. lutealis, Hb.— Abund. and widely disk, e.d. 6/7/95 ; 13/7/96 ; 14/7/99.
P. ferrugalis, Hb. — Singly or scarce, Cathcart 22/5/87 ; Crookston 25/6/95 ;

15/6/96 ; Gadder 24/8/99 (A. A. D.) ; Ardrossan once 10/6/57 (H. C.).
P. prunalis, Schiff. — C. on hedgerows all over district, e.d. 6/8/92 ; 31/7/93 ;

18/7/95.

P. terrealis, Tr. — Once at Dunoon (T. C.).

P. fuscalis, Schi/.—Aloimd. and widely disk, e.d. 1/6/94 ; 23/5/95 ; 21/5/96.
Nomophila noctuella, Schiff. — Local, sometimes c. Lochgoilhead plentiful

(T. C.) ; Dunoon (Mr. Manners teste T. C.) ; Luss (R. F. Logan) ; Cadder

(C. B. C.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ; Ardrossan (H. C.) ; Lamlash (W. S.).
Pyrausta octomaculata, Fb. — Two Ormadale, Argyll (J. D.).
P. cingulata, L. — Locally c. ; Grassy slopes Dumbartonshire (J. G.) ; Little

Cumbrae 10/8/95 (A. A. D.) ; bet. Girvan and Ballantrae (W. W.).
P. sanguinalis, L. — Very local, but c. ; Monkton (J. P. D.) ; Troon (W. S.,

J. J. K.).
P. purpuralis, L. — Locally c. moors ; Arrochar 23/5/95 ; Luss 16/7/93

(A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Gleniffer (J. D.) ; Brodick (W. S.) ;

Barr 14/7/99 (A. A. D.).
P. aurata, Sc. — R. in Arran (T. C.).
P. cespitalis, Schiif. — Locally abund. moors and hillsides, widely disk, e.d.

13/7/95 ; 10/7/97 ; 19/6/99.
P. alpinalis, Schiff. — Local, but not unc. ; Ardentinny (T. C.) ; Glenmallan

15/7/97 (A. A" D.) ; Luss (R. F. Logan) ; Ben Lomond (T. A. C.) ; Gare-
lochhead (T. J. H.).

P. decrepitalis, H.-S. — Local, sometimes plentiful; Ardentinny (T.C.); Loch-
goilhead 5/6/91 ; Arrochar 23/5/95 ; Inveruglas 23/5/97 ; Gl. Falloch

21/5/96 (A. A. D.) ; may be taken at sea level.
P. olivalis, Schiff.- -Local and r.; Glenmallan several 3/7/97 ; 7/7/98 (A. A.D.);

Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Kenmuir, Lanark (J. J. K.).
Scoparia lineola, Curt. — Local and r. ; Ardrossan (H. C.) ; Little Cumbrae

several 10/8/95 (A. A. D.).
S. angustea, Stph. — Local but not unc. ; Ardrossan (H. C.) ; Little Cumbrae

10/8/95 ; Ballantrae 22/8/97 (A. A. D.).
S. murana, Curt.— Abund. on walls all over district, e.d. 3/6/95 ; 19/6/95 ;

latest 10/8/90 ; 4/9/96.

S. frequentella, Stt. — Locally c. on walls. Luss 15/7/93 (A. A. D.) ; Gareloch-
head (T. J. H.) ; Cumbrae (J. D.) ; Dundonald 14/7/00 ; King's Cross

5/8/00 (A. A. D.).
S. crataegella, //&.— On walls, locally c. Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Bonhill

(J. M.) ; Milngavie (J. J. K.) ; Ardrossan (H. C.) ; Dundonald 14/7/00

(A. A. D.) ; Tay vallich (A. M. S.).
S. truncicolella, Stt. — Local and r. ; Cumbrae (J. D.) ; Irvine Moor 14/7/00

(A. A. D.).
S. cembrae, Haw. — Abund. amongst Tussilago. Very variable. Giffnock

11/7/91; shop windows in suburbs Glasgow 5/8/95 (A. A. D.); round

Paisley (J. D., A. M. S., W. S.) ; Coulport 19/7/00 ; Luss 29/7/93

(A. A. D.).
S. dubitalis, Hb.— Abund. and widely disk, variable, e.d. 9/7/93 ; 15/6/96 ;

10/6/97.

PYRALIDINA. 245

S. ambigualis, Tr. — Abund. everywhere, especially on moorlands, variable,

e.d. 1/6/94 ; 25/5/95 ; 24/6/00.
Mesographe forficalis, L. — C. in gardens, etc., widely dist, e.d. 27/6/88 ;

15/6/94 ; 9/7/97.

Fam. Pyralididae.

Pyralis farinalis, L. — Abund. in stables and stores all over district, date

27/6/99.
Aglossa pinguinalis, L. — Out-houses Glasgow (J. G.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ;

Johnstone (W. AY.) ; Ardrossan ; Arran (H. C.).

Fam. Pterophoridae.

Platyptilia cosmodactyla, Hb. — Very r. Dunoon (T. C.).

P. acanthodactyla, Hb. — Local, seldom c. ; Lochgoilhead (J. W. Tutt) ; Luss
23/9/91 (A. A. D.) ; Garelochhead (T. J. H.) ; Gourock (J. D.) ; Cathcart
5/6/92 (A. A. D.) ; Arran (AY. S., A. Sharpin).

P. gonodactyla, Schiff. — Abund. amongst Tussilago every where, e.d. 13/5/93;
13/6/94 ; latest 27/8/86 ; 17/8^/93.

P. Bertram!, Rsl. — Local, sometimes abund. Giffnock 26/6/93 ; Crookston
30/6/95 (A. A. D.) : nr. Paisley (W. S., J. D.) ; Mauchline abund. 15/7/92 ;
Corrie 12/7/87 (A. A. D.).

Pterophorus tetradactylus, L. — E., Eenfrewshire (Mr. Eiddell teste T. C.).

Alucita osteodactyla, Z. — E. ; Gardens Fintry (E. C. E.) ; Garelochhead
(T. J. H.).

A. tephradactyla, Hb. — One Coulport L. Long 18/7/90 (A. A. D.).

Stenoptilia pterodactyla, L. — Locallv c. Luss 13/7/^3 (A. A. D.) ; Gare-
lochhead (T. J. H.) ; Crookston 25/6/96 (A. A. D.) ; Paisley (J. D.) ; Ar-
drossan (H. C.) ; Barr 15/7/99 (A. A. D.).

S. bipunctidactyla, Haw.— Local, sometimes abund. Garelochhead ; Possil
(T. J. H.) ; Milngavie 4/7/96 ; Crookston 29/6/00 (A. A. D.) ; Paisley
(AAr. S., J. D.) ; Mauchline 15/7/92 ; Corrie 13/7/87 (A. A. D.).

Fam. Orneodidae.

Orneodes hexadactyla, L. — Local and unc. Lochgoilhead (J. AAT. Tutt) ;
Dunoon ; Glasgow ; Bothwell (H. C.) ; Bishopton (J. D.) ; Little Cum-
brae 10/8/95 (A. A. D.).

PS YCHINA .

Fam. Zygaenidae.

Zygaena filipendulae, L. — Locallv abund. Cumbrae (Prof. Eennie, J. D.) ;
Shewalton 14 7,00 (A. A. D.) f Troon (AY S.) ; Monkton (J. P. D., T. AY.) ;
Girvan (G. AY. O) ; Bennan Head, Arran (D. Landsborough).

MICROLEPIDOPTERA.
BY PROF. JAMES J. F. X. KING, F.E.S.

NOMENCLATURE : Edward Mey rick's Handbook of British Lepidoptera, 1895.
Messrs, the late T. Chapman (T. C.) ; the late Hugh Colquhoim (H. C.) ;

A. A. Dalglish (D.) ; the late J. P. Duncan (J. P. D.) ; John Dunsmore
(J. D.) ; the late J. Gray (J. G.) ; the late T. J. Henderson (H.) ; the late
E. F. Logan (L) ; J. E. Malloch (J. M.) ; K. J. Morton (M.) ; Archdale
Sharpin (S.) ; A. & J. Somerville (Som.) ; William Watson (W.) ; and the
late Morris Young (M. Y.) are the authorities for the various localities, their
initials being placed after the localities given.

TOR TRIG IN A.

Fam. Epiblemidae.

Lobesia permixtana, Hiibner. — Dnnoon ; Ardentinny (T. C.) : Gourock ;

Arran (J. D.) : Mugdock Wood (K.) : Garelochhead (H.)
Bactra lanceolana, Hb. — Common.

B. furfurana, Hawortli. — Kilmun (K.) : Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).
Eucosma corticana, Hb. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Johnstone (D.) : Dargavel (J. D.).
E. betuletana, Hw.— Possil (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) : Dargavel

(J. D.) : Gallangad (J. M.) : Bishopton ; Glen Mallon (D.).
E. sororculana, Zetterstedt. — Milngavie (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) :

Dargavel (J. D.) : Garelochhead (D.).
E. variegana, Hb.— Dunoon (B.C.): nr. Glasgow (T. C.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :

Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).
E. pruniana, Hb. — Bonhill (J. M.): Johnstone; Dundonald (D.): Carluke

(M.) : Newton Woods (J. D.).
E. oblongana, Hiv. — Dunoon (T. C.) : Gourock ; Arran (J. D.) : nr. Glasgow

(T. C.).
E. dimidiana, SodofsJcy. — Eowardennan (M.) : Garelochhead (H.) : Coul-

port ; Arrochar (D.).
E. schulziana, Fabricius. — Ardentinny (K) : Luss (Logan) : Gleniffer (J. D.) :

Tinto (M.) : Kilpatrick Hills ; Milngavie (K) : Bonhill (J. M.) :

Gourock ; Eavenscraig ; Innellan ; Corrie (D.).
E. palustrana, Zeller. — Ardentinny ; Milngavie (K.) : Cleghorn (M.) :

Gleniffer (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.).

E. rivnlana, Scopoli. — Luss (L.) : Kilbarchan ; Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).
E. micana, Friilich. — Carmichael nr. Lanark (J. Gray) : Clober (K.) : Port

Glasgow (J. D.).
E. urticana, Hb. — Luss (L) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Garelochhead (H) : Gourock ;

Arran (J. D.) : Jamestown (J. M.) : Johnstone ; Dundonald (D.).
E. lacunana, Duponchel. — Abundant.
E. cespitana, Hb. — Nr. Glasgow (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Gourock : Arran

(J. D.).

TORTRICINA. 247

E. striana Schiffermiller. — Nr. Glasgow (K.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).

E. antiquana, Hb. — Dunoon (T. C.) : Ardrossan ; nr. Glasgow (H. C.) :

Carluke (M.): nr. Paisley (J.D.): Bonhill (J. M.) : L. Riddon ; Giffnock;

Crookston ; Ravenscraig ; Straiton (D.).
Pamplusia mercuriana, Hb. — Dunoon (T. C.) : Milngavie ; Ardentinny

(K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Tinto (M.) : Waes Hills (J. D.) : Brodick (S). :

Corrie ; Gourock (D.).

Evetria pinivorana, Z. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Bishopton (D.) : Carluke (M.).
E. turionana, Hb. — Linwood (W.).

E. resinella, Linne. — Linwood ; Bishopton ; Johnstone (W.) : Bonhill (J.M.).
E. duplana, Hb. — Newton Woods, Paisley (J. D.).
Enarmonia cruciana, L. — Nr. Paisley (K.) : Dunoon (T. C.) : Luss (L.) ;

Bonhill (J. M.) : Irvine ; L. Riddon (D.).
E. mbiginosana, Her rich- Schaffer. — Bridge of Weir ; Johnstone ; Bishopton

(K) : Bonhill (J. M.).

E. nanana, Treitschke. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Bishopton (D.).
E. pinicolana, Z. — Renfrew (J. S.) : Ardentinny (T. C.) : Newton Woods,

Paisley (J. D.) : Cadder Wilderness ; Langside (K.) : Bouhill (J. M.) :

Carluke ; Tinto (M.).

E. vacciniana, Z. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Ravenscraig (D.).
E. corticana, Hb. — Cadder Wilderness ; Langside (K.) : Carluke (M.) : nr.

Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Luss (D.).
E. woeberiana, Schi/.—Bofhwell (H. C.).
Eudemis naevana, Hb. — Cadder (K.) ; Luss ; P'shields ; Johnstone (D.) :

Carluke (M.) : Waes Hills (J. D.) : Dumbarton ; Bonhill (J. M.).
Ancylis derasana, Hb.— "In bogs" (T. C.).
A. lundana, F.— Portincross (H. C.) : Possil (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Gleniffer

(J. D.) : Bonhill ; Jamestown (J. M.).
A. myrtillana, TV.— Bishopton (K.) : Cleg-horn (M.) : Gleniffer (J. D.) :

Bonhill (J. M.) : Johnstone ; Ravenscraig (D.).
A. unguicella, L. — Bishopton ; Milngavie (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Bonhill ;

Alexandria (J. M.) : Donald's Wood, Paisley (J. D.) : Garelochhead (H) :

Luss ; Arrochar : Gourock (D.).

A. uncana, Hb. — Arrochar ; Ardlui (D.) : Donald's Wood, Paisley (J. D.).
A. biarcuana, Stephens. — Blairmore (Som.) : Clober (K.).
A. mitterbacheriana, Schi/.—Nr. Glasgow (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : New-
ton Woods, Paisley (J. D.) : Garelochhead (H.) : Arrochar (D.).
Gypsonoma dealbana, Frol. — Gallangad (J. M.).
G, neglectana, Dup.— Billhead (T. C.) : P'shields ; Crookston (D.) : Gleniffer

(J. ^.
Cydia trimaculana, Donovan.— Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) : Nr. Paisley

(J.D.) : Crookston ; Glen Mallon ; P'shields (D.).
C. ramella, L.— Dunoon (T. C.) : Cadder Wilderness (K.) : Carluke (M.) :

Newton Woods, Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill ; Jamestown (J. M.) : Brodick

(S.) : Glen Mallon ; Luss (D.).
C. signatana, Douglas. — Carluke (M.).

C. strobilella, Z.— Ardrossan (H. C.) : Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).
C. nigromaculana, Hw. — Cadder Wilderness (K.): Argyll (T. C.): Ardrossan

(H. C.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Giffnock ; Ravenscraig ; Dundonald (D.) :

Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).
C. aemulana, Schliiger. — Luss (L.) : Johnstone (D.) : Gourock ; Arran ;

Dunoon (J. D.).

Notocelia uddmanniana, Z.— Ardrossan (H. C.) : Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).
N. rosaecolana, Doubleday.—I$ota.nic Gardens.
N. trimaculana, Hw. — Luss (L.) : nr. Glasgow (T. C.) : Bishopton (K.) :

Bonhill (J. M.) : Mauchline ; Dundonald (D.).
N. roborana, Tr. — Ardrossan (H. C.) : Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).

248 LEPIDOPTERA.

N. tetragonana,, Stph. — Luss (L.).

Epiblema tripunctana, F. — Fossil ; Langside (K.) : Carlnke (M.) : nr.

Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Giifnock ; Ardlui ; Arrochar (D.).
E. subocellana, Don.— Dunoon (H.C.) : Fossil ; Bishopton (K.) : Carluke(M.):

Bonhill ; Arrochar (J. M.) : Lochgoilhead ; Linwood ; Crookston (D.).
E. penkleriana, Fischer von Rosier stamm. — C.
E. nisella, ClercL— Dunoon (T. C.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Carlnke (M.) :

Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).
E. immundana, F.R.— Nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill; Gallangad (J. M.) :

Crookston ; Irvine (D.) : Brodick (M.).
E. tetreaquetrana, Hw. — Argyll (T.C.): Cadcler Wilderness ; Milngavie (K) :

Bonhill ; Gallangad (J.M.): Carlnke; Brodick (M.): nr. Paisley (J.D.).
E. tedella, Cl.—C. ; Cadder Wilderness ; Ardentinny (K.) : Carlnke (M.) :

nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.).
E. similana, Hb. — Argyll (T. C.) : Ardrossan (H. C.) : Gonrock ; Milngavie ;

Cadder Wilderness (K.) : Carlnke (M.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Giffnock ;

L. Eidclon (D.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).
E. pflugiana, Hw. — Dunoon (T. C.) : Ardrossan (H. C.) : BonUill ; Gallangad

(J. M.): L'goilhead ; Arrochar; Luss (D.) ; Carluke (M.) : Newton

Woods, Paisley (J. D.).
E. trigeminana, Stph. — Dunoon ; nr. Glasgow ; Ardrossan (T. C.) : Newton

Woods, Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Busby ; Crookston (D).
E. brunnichiana, Frol. — Carluke (M.) : Possil ; Sighthill ; Kirklee (K.):

Bonhill (J. M.) : Dunoon (T. C.) : Euchill (H.) : Newton Woods,

Paisley (J. D.).

E. turbidana, Tr. — Crookston (D.).
E. bilunana, Hw.— Nr. Glasgow (J. G.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) :

Glen Mallon ; Bishopton (D.).
E. ophthalmicana, Hb. — Paisley ; Stanley Wood (J. D.) : Bridge of Weir ;

nr. Milngavie (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Johnstone (D.).
E. solandriana, L. — C.
E. semifuscana, Stph. — Langside ; Cadder Wilderness (K.) : Gourock ;

Arran (J. D.).
E. sordidana, Hb. — Allander (K.) : Bonhill (J.M.) : Gourock; Arran (J.D.):

Irvine (D.).

E. scopoliana, Hw.— Kirklee (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Gleniffer (J. D.).
E. cana, Hw.— Kirklee (K.) : Ardrossan ; Dnnoon (H. C.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :

Carluke (M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).
Hemimene petiverella, L. — Nr. Glasgow (T. C.) : Jamestown (J.M.):

Renfrew (J. D.).

H. acuminatana, Z. — Ardrossan (H. C.) : Gourock ; Arran ; Dunoon (J. D.).
H. tanaceti, Stainton. — Possil Marsh ; Langside (K.) : Carluke (M.) : New-
ton Woods, Paisley (J. D.) ; Garelochhead (H.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Crook-
ston ; Giffnock ; Dundonald ; Eavenscraig (D.).
H. plumbagana, Tr. — Carmichael (J.G.) : nr. Glasgow (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :

Gleniffer (J. D.).
Lipoptycha plumbana, Sc. — Possil Marsh ; Milngavie (K.) : Gleniffer

(J.D.).

Pammene nitidana, F. — 1 Near Haggs Castle (T. C.).
P. germarana, Hb. — Dunoon (T. C.).

P. rhediella, Cl— Nr. Glasgow (T. C.) : Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.).
P. splendidulana, On.— Luss (L.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Gleniffer (J. D.).
P. fimbriana, Hw. — Nr. Glasgow (J.G.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).
P. argyrana, Hb. — Kenmuir Bank ; Milngavie ; Cadder Wilderness ; Arden-
tinny (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Crookston (D.) : Newton Woods, Paisley

(J. D.).
Laspeyresia roseticolona, Z. — Bonhill (J. M.).

TORTRICINA. 249

L. mfillana, Wilkinson. — Eenfrew (J. D.) : Barr ; King's Cross (D.).

L. perlepidana, Hw. — Nr. Glasgow (T. C.) : nr. Paisley (K.) : Jamestown

(J. M.) : Kilmalcolm (J. D.) : Crookston ; Ayr (D.).
L. nigricana, Stph. — Paisley Moss (M. Y.).
L. cosmophorana, Tr. — Bishopton (W.).
L. coniferana, Ratzeburg. — Milngavie ; Ardentinny (K.) : Bunhill (J. M.) :

Bishopton (D.).
L. ulicetana, Hw. — Common.
Carpocapsa pomonella, L. — Glasgow (T. C.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Newton

Woods, Paisley (J. I).).

C. splendana, Hb.— Bonhill (J. M.) : Dargavel (J. D.).
Epinotia aurana, F. — Renfrewshire (M. Y.) : Botanic Gardens (T. C.) :

Possil Marsh ; Milngavie (K.) : Bonhill ; Carluke (M.) : nr. Paisley

(J. D.) : Crookston ; Gitfnock ; Ballantrae (D.).
E. funebrana, T7;-.— "Bred from plums" (T. C.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).

Fam. Tortricidae.

Rhacodia caudana, F. — C.

Acalla hastiana, L.— Argyll (T. C.) : Allander (K.) : Carluke (M.).
A. rufana, Schiff. — Bute Shore ; Linwood (W.) : L. Eiddon (D.).
A. sponsana, F.— Cadder Wilderness ; Allander (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Car-
luke (M.) : Clarkston ; Luss ; Johnstone ; Straiten (D.).
A. literana, L.— Eenfrew (J. D.) : Brodick (S.).
A. mixtana, Hb. — Garelochhead (T. C.) : Allander (K.) : Carluke (M.) :

Eenfrew (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.).
A. lipsiana, Schiff. — Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).
A. logiana, SchiJ.— Argyll (T. C.) : Milngavie (K.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) :

Bonhill (J. M.): Luss (D.).
A. variegana, Schiff.— C.
A. perplexana, Barrett.- -Cadder Wilderness ; Mngdock Woods ; Cleghorn

(K.): Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.): Dargavel (J. D.).
A. schalleriana, L. — Nr. Glasgow (H. C.) : Milngavie ; L=< no-side ; Allander ;

Cadder Wilderness (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Dargavel (J. D.) : Bonhill

(J. M.) : Luss ; Giffnock ; Straiton (D.) : Brodick (S.).
A. comariana, Z. — Allander; Cadder Wilderness (K.): Dargavel (J. D.):

Bonhill (J. M.).
A. contaminana, Hb. — C.
A. ferrugana, Tr. — Langside ; Cadder Wilderness ; Milngavie (K.) : Bonhill

(J. M.): Inverglas (D) : Carluke; Cleghorn (M.): nr. Paisley (J. D.) :

Johnstene (D.).
A. caledoniana, Stph. — Dunoon (T. C.) : Milngavie (K.) : Carluke (M.) :

Newton Wood, Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Eavenscraig ; King's

Cross ; Straiton (D.).
A. aspersana, Hb. — Dunoon (H. C.) : Carmichael nr. Lanark (J. Gray) :

Milngavie (K.) : Carluke (M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :

Inverglas ; Glen Mallon ; Eavenscraig (D.).
A. holmiana, L. — Milngavie ; Cadder Wilderness (K.): Bonhill (J. M.): nr.

Paisley (J. D.) : Johnstone (D.).

Philedone prodromana, Hb. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Linwood (W.).
P. gerningana, Schiff. — Clober Moor (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Gourock ; Arran

(J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Irvine ; Eavenscraig (D.).
Capua angustiorana, Hw. — Nr. Glasgow (H. C.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : nr.

Paisley (J. D.).

C. favillaceana, Hb. — Ardentinny ; Milngavie (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Gare-
lochhead (H.) : Arrochar (D.).
Cacoecia, podana, Sc. — Ardrossan (H. C.) : Carluke (M.) : Gourock ; Arran

(J. D.). -

250 LEPIDOPTERA.

C. xylosteana, L. — Fossil ; Langside ; Callander (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :

Johnstone ; Straiten (D.) : Paisley (J. D.).
C. rosana, L. — Fossil ; Langside (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) :

Giffnock ; Johnstone ; King's Cross ; Straiton (D.) : Carluke (M.).
C. costana, Fb. — Eenfrew (J. D.) : Fossil ; Langside (K.).
C. semialbana, Guene'e. — ? Ardrossan (H. C.): Lochgoilhead (T. C.): Gourock ;

Arran (J. D.).

0. unifasciana, Dup. — Bonhill (J. M.): Pollokshields (D.): nr. Paisley (J. D.).
C. lecheana, L. — Langside : Bishopton (K.) : Newton Woods (J. D.) : Both-
well (T. C.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Cambuslang ; Corrie (D.).
C. musculana, Hb. — Argyll (T. C.): nr. Cadder House (K.) : Carluke;

Bonhill (J. M.)': nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Johnstone; L'goilhead ; Arrochar (D.).
Pandemis corylana, F. — Nr. Glasgow (K.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).
P. ribeana, Hb. — Fossil ; Langside ; Milngavie (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Bonhill

(J. M.) : Paisley (J. D.) : Giffnock ; P'shields ; Barr ; Dundonald (D.).
P. heparana, Schiff. — Fossil ; Langside ; Milngavie (K.) : Carluke (M.) :

Paisley (J. D.)': Bonhill (J. M.): P'shields; Arran; Barr; GifFnock (D.).
Tortrix bergmanniana, L. — C.
T. ministrana, L. — Cadder Wilderness ; Allander ; Loch Long (K) : Carluke

(M) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill ; Luss (J. M.) : L'goilhead ; Ardlui ;

Arrochar (D.).
T. conwayana, F. — Dunoon (H. C.) : Milngavie ; Cadder Wilderness (K.) ;

Carluke (M.) : Gourock; Arran (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Johnstone;

Newton Mearns ; Cathcart ; Dundonald (D.).
T. loeflingiana, L.— Monkton (J. P. D.) : Dunoon (H. C.) : Milngavie (K.) :

Carluke (M.) : Gourock ; Arran (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Luss ; L.

Eiddon (D.).

T. viridana, L. — C. everywhere.
T. paleana, Hb. — Ardrossan (H. C.): Langside; Kirklee (K.) : Jamestown

(J. M.) : Carluke (M.) : near Paisley (J. D.) : Giffnock ; Crookston ;

Dundonald (D.).

T. viburniana, F.— Clober moor (K.) : Paisley (J. D.) : Carluke (M.) : Bon-
hill (J. M.) : Ravenscraig ; L. Riddon ; Glen Mallon ; Gourock (D.).
T. rusticana, TV.— C. ; Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) : Waas Hill (J. D.) :

Garelochhead (H.) : Arrochar ; Johnstone (D).
T. fosterana, F. — Ardrossan ; Cumbrae (H. C.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Strone

(D.) : Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).
T. politana, Hw. — Garelochhead (T. C.) : Craigmaddie (K.) : Gourock ; Arran

(J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Ravenscraig ; Corrie (D.).
T. virgaureana, Tr. — Fossil ; Langside (K.) : Carluke (M.) : nr. Paisley

(J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Ruchill (H).

T. incertana, TV.— Nr. Glasgow (T. C.) : Ardrossan (H. C.) : Cadder Wilder-
ness ; Langside (K.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Carluke (M.).
T. pascuana, 776.— Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.).
T. bellana, Cu rtis.— Sandbank (W.) : Millport (J. D.).
T. octomaculana, Hw. — Nr. Glasgow (T. C.) : Ardrossan (H. C.) : Cadder

Wilderness ; Langside (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Jamestown (J. M.) ; nr.

Paisley (J. D.) : Giffnock ; P'shields ; Troon (D.).

T. osseana, >S'c. — Dunoon (T. C.) : Ardrossan (H. C.) : Barrachan Moss ; Miln-
gavie (K.) : Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Tinto ; Ben Lomond (M.) :

L'goilhead ; Coulport ; Corrie ; Barr (D.).

Isotrias hybridana, Hb. — Ardrossan (H. C.) : Gourock ; Arran (J. I).).
Exapate congelatella, Cl. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Milngavie (D.) : nr. Paisley

(J. D.).
Cheimatophila tortricella, Hb. — Garelochhead (T. C.) : Cadder Wilderness ;

Mugdock (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Renfrew (J. D.) : Alexandria (J. M.) :

Johnstone (D.)

TORTRICINA. 251

Fam. Phaloniadae.

Phalonia smeathmanniana, F. — Ardrossan (H. C.) : Fossil Marsh (K.) :

Carluke (M.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Gourock (D.).
P. badiana, Hb.—Nr. Glasgow (T. C.) : Dunoon (H. C.) : Gleniffer (J. D.) :

Bonhill (J. M.) : Cathcart ; Giffnock ; Johnstons (D.).
P. cnicana, Dbld.— Milngavie (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) :

Gleniffer (J. D.) : Cathcart ; Giffnock ; Crookston (D.).
P. tesserana, TV. — Dunoon (T. C.) : Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).
P. ciliella, Hb.— Milngavie (K.) : Jamestown (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) :

Gleniffer (J. D.) : Ardlui ; Inverglas ; Arrochar ; Johnstone (D.).
P. nana, Hw.—L\\s* (L.) : Arran (J. S.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Gleniffer

(J. D.) : Garelochhead (H.) : Linwood (D.).
P. atricapitana, Stph. — Bonhill (J. M.).
P. pallidana, Z. — Ardrossan (H. C.) : Fossil (K.).
P. dubitana, ffp.—'Nr. Glasgow (T. C.) : Paisley ; Fossil (K.).
Chlidonia baumanniana, Schi/.—Dunoon (T. C.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke

(M.) : Waes Hills (J. D.) : Giffnock (D.).
Eupoecilia maculosana, Hiv. — Mugdock Wood (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : nr.

Paisley (J. D.).

Anisotaenia ulmana, Hb. — Ardentinny (K.) : Gleniffer (J.D.).
Euxanthis angustana, Tr.— Garelochliead ; Clober (K.) : Brodick (S.) :

Dunoon (T. C.) : Lamlash (H. C.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) : nr.

Paisley (J. D.).
E. straminea, Hw. — Nr. Glasgow ; Ardrossan (T. C.) : Dunoon (H. C.) :

Ruchill ; Fossil Marsh (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Gleniffer (J. D.) : Bonhill

(J. M.) : Giffnock ; Crookston (D.).
E. hamana, Z.— Dunoon (T. C.) : Ardrossan (H. C.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :

Gourock ; Arran (J. D.) ; Giffnock (D.).
Hysterosia inopiana, Hw.— Crookston (D.) : Donald's Wood, Paisley (J. D.).

Fam. Trypanidae.
Trypanus cossus, Z. — Nr. Troon (D.).

T1NEINA.

Fam. Aegeriadae.

Aegeria apiformis, Cl. — Ayrshire (D.).

A. crabroniformis, Lewin. — West End Park (E. E.) : St. Germains L. :

Fossil Marsh (K.) : Ayrshire (J. P. D.) : Carluke (M.) : Giffnock ;

Crookston ; Houston (D.).

Trochilium tipuliforme, Cl. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Bearsden (D.).
T. culiciforme, L. — Nr. Garelochhead (Som.).

Fam. Gelechiadae.

Sitotroga cerealella, Olivier. — Nr. Glasgow (Stn. Man.).
Aristotelia stipella, Hb. — Caddt-r (D.).
A. tenebrella, Hb. — Durrochston Dam (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Dargavel

(J. D.) : Crookston ; Bishopton (D.).
A. pulveratella, U.S.- Bonhill (J. M.).

Xenolechia aethiops, Westu-ood. — Carluke (M.) : Bonhill (J. M.).
X. humeralis, Z. — Giffnock (D.).
Gelechia umbrosella, Z. — Troon (K.).
G. amnis, Dgl— Bonhill (J. M.) : Bishopton (D.).
G. similis, Stt. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Bishopton (D.).
G. politella, £«.— Possil (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Glen Mallon (D.).
G. terrella, ffb.—C.

252 LEPIDOPTERA.

G. acuminatella, Sircom.— -Mugdock Wood ; Barrachan Moss (K.) : Bonhill

(J. M.) : Newton Woods (J. D.).
G. proximella, Hb. — Langside ; Cadder Wilderness ; Mugdock Wood (K.) :

Garelochhead (H.) : Bonhill (J. M.).
G. notatella, Hb.— Fossil ; Mugdock Wood (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : nr.

Paisley (J. D.).

G. triparella, Z.— Bonhill (J. M.) : Glen Falloch (D.).
G. dodecella, L. — Fossil (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Johnstone (D.) : Dargavel

(J. D.).

G. sequax, Hw. — Giffnock (D.).
G. sororculella, Hb. — Luss (D.).

G. diffinis, Hw.— Bonhill (J. M.) : Bishopton (D.) : Linwood (J. D.).
G. boreella, DgL—GIen Mallon (D.).
G. mulinella, Z. — Newton Woods, Paisley (J. D.) : Forth and Clyde Canal

nr. Anniesland (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.).
G. ericetella, Hb. — C.

G. longicornis, Curtis. — Carluke ; Brodick (M.).
Eecurvaria cinerella, Cl. — Glen Mallon ; Irvine (D.).
Chelaria huebnerella, Don. — Mugdock ; Cadder Wilderness (K.) : Bonhill

(J. M.) : Carluke (M.) ; Mauchline ; Luss (D.) : Brodick (S.).

Fam. Oecophoridae.

Pleurota bicostella, CL — Barrachan Moss (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Bonhill

(J. M.) : Gourock (D.) : nr. Paisley (J.D.).
Chimabache phryganella, Hb. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Johnstone ; L. Riddon

(D.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).

C. fagella, F.—C. Carluke (M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.).
Semioscopis avellanella, Hb. — Carluke (M.).

Depressaria costosa, Hiv. — Milngavie (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) :
Newton Woods, Paisley (J. D.) : Ravenscraig ; Luss ; Arrochar (D.).

D. umbellana, Stph. — Brodick (S.).

D. assimilella, Tr.—G. Gourock ; Arran (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.).

D. liturella, Schiff.— Carluke (M.) : Newton Woods, Paisley (J. D.).

D. arenella, Schiff.— Mugdock Wood (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) ; Newton Woods,
Paisley (J. D.) : Inverglas ; Luss ; Arrochar (D.).

D. hypericella, Tr. — Giffnock ; Crookston ; Ballantrae (D.).

D. ocellana, F. — Cathcart ; Giffnock ; Crookston (D.).

D. conterminella, Z. — Luss ; Johnstone (D.) : Gourock ; Arran ; Dunoon
(J. D.).

D. angelicella, Hb. — Mugdock Wood ; Fossil (K.) ; Linwood (D.).

D. ciliella, Stt.—C.

D. applana, /".— Gadder Wilderness ; Langside (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Car-
luke ; Brodick (M.) : Newton Woods (J. D.) : Inverglas ; Luss ; Giff-
nock (D.).

D. douglasella, Stt. — Giffnock ; Ravenscraig ; King's Cross (D.).

D. albipunctella, Hb.— Cadder Wilderness (K.) : Gleniffer (J. D.).

D. pimpinellae, Z. — Fossil (K.) : Dargavel (J. D.).

D. pulcherrimella, Stt.— Mugdock Wood (K.).

D. heracliana, De Oeer. — C. ; Douglaston (K.) : Uddingston (M.) : Bonhill
(J. M.).

D. nervosa, Hw. — Millport ; Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).

Oecophora sulphurella, F. — West End Park ; Fossil (K.) : Gourock ; Arran
(J. D.) ; Bonhill ; Balloch (J. M.).

Acompsia similella, Hb. — Carluke (M.).

A. flavifrontella, Hb. — Linwood (J. D.).

A. pseudo-spretella, Stt. — C.

A. fuscescens, Hw. — Cambuslang (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Dargavel (J. D.).

TINEINA. 253

Fam. Elachistidae.

Coleophora fabriciella, Vttlers. — Bonhill (J. M.).

C. alcyonipennella, Kollar. — Giffnock (D.) : Carluke (M.).

C. nigricella, Stph.—NY. Glasgow (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).

C. siccifolia, Stt. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Giffnock ; Crookston ; Johnstone (I).).

C. gryphipennella, Bouche. — Gadder Wilderness (K.).

C. vitisella, Gregson. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).

C. viminetella, Z. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).

C. fuscedinella, Z. — Kirk lee (K.).

C. lutipennella, Z. — Bonhill (J. M.) : .Johnstone (D.) : Gourock ; Arran

(J. I).)-

C. limosipennella, Dup. — Bonhill (J. M.).
C. laricella, Hb. — Barrachan Moss (K.).
C. juncicolella, Stt.— Bonhill (J. M.).
C. pyrrhulipennella, Z.— Bonhill (J. M.).
C. discordella, Z— Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).
C. albicosta, Hw. — Gadder Wilderness (K.) "\ Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley

(J. D.) : Garelochhead (H.) : GifFnock ; Crookston ; Johnstone (D.).
C, tripoliella, HodgTdn&on. — Busby (D.).
C. laripennella, Zett. — Gadder Wilderness (K.).
C. artemisiella, Scott.— Bonhill (J. M.).

C. murinipenella, Dup. — Bonhill ; Jamestown (J. M.) ; Eavenscraig (D.).
C. caespititiella, Z. — Mugdock Wood ; Barrachan Moss (K.) ; nr. Paisley

(J. D.) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; Garelochhead (H.).
Elachista apicipunctella, Stt. — Langside (K.) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; nr. Paisley

(J.D.). '

E. albifrontella, Hb.—C.
E. luticomella, Z. — Bonhill (J. M.) ; Glenrnallon (D.).

var. flavicomella, Stt. — Has occurred nr. Milngavie (K.).
E. atricomella, Stt. — Bonhill (J. M.) ; Newton Wood, Paisley (J. D.).
E. kilmunella, Stt. — C. Bonhill (J. M.) ; Gourock ; Arran (J. D.) ; Glen

Mallon ; Eavenscraig (D.).

E. nigrella, Hw. — Kenmuir Bank (K.) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; nr. Paisley (J. D.).
E. obscurella, Stt. — Nr. Glasgow (K.) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; Giffnock ; Eavens-
craig (D.) ; nr. Paisley (J. D.).
E. zonariella, Tengstrom. — Nr. Glasgow (K.) ; Renfrew (Stn. Man) ; Bonhill

(J. M.).

E. megerlella, Stt.— Bonhill (J. M.).
E. serricornis Stt. — Bonhill (J. M.) ; Eavenscraig (D.).
E. biatomella, Stt. — Barrachan Moss (K.).
E. eleochariella, Stt.— Bonhill (J. M.) : Eavenscraig (D.).
E. rhyncosporella, Stt. — Bishopton Moss (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Ravens-

craig ; Gourock (D.).
E. triatomea, Hw. — Nr. Glasgow (K.).
E rufocinerea, Hw. — Bonhill (J. M.) ; Giffnock ; Crookston (D.) ; Newton

Woods (J. D.).
E. cygnipennella, Hb. — C. ; Arrochar ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; Carluke (M.) ; nr.

Paisley (J. D.).
E. subalbidella, Schl. — Mugdock Wood (K.) ; Bonhill (J. M.) ; Arrochar

(D.) ; Dargavel (J. I).).
Chrysoclista aurifrontella, Hb. — Euchill ; Mugdock Wood (K.) : Bonhill

(J. M.) : Dargavel (J. D.) : Crookston (D.).

C. atra, Hw. — Clober Moor (K.) : Bonhill ; Jamestown (J. M.) : Crooks-
ton (D.).

Mompha schrankella, Hb. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Glenmallon (D.).
M. propinquella, Stt. — Langside (K.) : Crookston (D.).

254 LEPIDOPTERA.

M. lacteella, Stph.— Bonhill (J.M.).

Heliozela sericiella, Hw. — Bonhill (J. M.).

H. resplendella, Stt.— Troon (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.).

Endrosis lacteella, Schiff. — C.

Cataplectica fulviguttella, Z— Bonhill (J. M.).

Schreckensteinia festaliella, Hb. — Gadder Wilderness (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.):

Carlnke (M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Lochgoilhead ; Johnstone (D.).
Epermenia chaerophyllella, Ooze. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.).

Fam. Plutellidae.

Atemelia torquatella, Z. — Darrochston Dam ; Bishopton Moss ; Mugdock

Wood ; Kilmun (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Dargavel (J. D.).

Prays curtisellus, Don. — Kirklee ; Kenmuir Bank ; Kutherglen (K.) : Bon-
hill (J. M.) : Cathcart ; Johnstone ; Dundonald (D.) : Carluke (M.) : nr.

Paisley (J. D.).
Cerostoma xylostella, L. — Gadder Wilderness ; Mugdock Wood (K.) :

Carluke (M.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Luss ; Clarkston ; Dundonald (D.) :

Brodick (S.).
C. COStella, F.— Nr. Glasgow (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) : Johnstone

(D.) : Dargavel (J. D.).
C. radiatella, Don. — Gadder Wilderness ; Mugdock Wood ; Langside (K.) ;

Bonhill (J. M.) : Luss ; Clarkston ; Johnstone (D.) : Carluke (M.) ;

Newton Woods (J. D.).
C. vittella, Z.--Nr. Glasgow (K.) : Barrachan Moss (K.) : Carluke (M.) :

Bonhill (J. M.) : Ballantrae (D.).

Plutella porrectella, L. — Nr. Johnstone (K.) : GifFnock ; Crookston (D.).
P. cruciferarum, Z.— C.
P. annuletella, Curt.— Nr. Glasgow (K.).

P. dalella, Stt.— Mugdock Woods (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.).
Glyphipteryx thrasonella, Sc.—U.
G. haworthana, Stph. — Craigraaddie (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Gourock ;

Arran ; Dunoon (J. D.).
G. fischeriella, Z. — Langside ; Cambuslang ; Troon (K.) : Jamestown

(J. M.) : Giffnock ; Crookston (D.) : Gourock ; Arran ; Dunoon (J. D.).
Choreutis myllerana, F. — Luss (L.) : Mugdock Wood (K.) : W. Kilbride

(D.) : Gourock ; Arran ; Dunoon (J. D.).
Simaethis fabriciana, L. — C.

Fam. Tineidae.

Nepticula atricapitella, Hw.— Bonhill (J. M.) : Dargavel (J. D.).

N. fletcheri, Tutt— Bonhill (J. M.).

N. gratiosella, Stt.— Nr. Glasgow (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Dargavel (J. D.).

N. plagicolella, Stt.— Bonhill (J. M.).

N. argentipedella, Z. — Gadder Wilderness ; Langside ; Mugdock Wood
(K.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.).

N. tityrella, Sit.— Gadder Wilderness ; Mugdock Wood (K.).

N. angulifasciella, Stt. — Bishopton Moss (K.).

N. salicis, Stt. — Nr. Glasgow (K.).

N. floslactella, Haw. — C. ; Langside ; Kenmuir Bank (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.).

N. pulverosella, Stt.— Bonhill (J. M.).

N. cryptella, Stt.— Langside (K.) : Dargavel (J. D.).

Trifurcula immundella, Z.— Bonhill (J. M.).

Opostega crespusculella, Z. — Barrachan Moss (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Giff-
nock (D.).

Bucculatrix nigricomella, Z.— Var. Bonhill (J. M.) : Crookston (D.).

B. crataegi, Z. — Barrachan Moss (K.) : Glen Mallon (D.).

TINEINA. 255

Lithocolletis cramerella, F. — C. ; Langside ; Mugdock Wood : Bonhill
(J. M.) : Dargavel (J. D.) : Johnstone ; Glenmallon (D.).

L. heegeriella, Z. — Gadder Wilderness (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Gourock ;
Arran (J. D.) : Johnstone (D.).

L. alnifoliella, Dup. — Nr. Glasgow ; Gadder Wilderness (K.) : Gourock ;
Arran (J. D.) : Bonhill ; Jamestown (J. M.) : Glen Falloch ; Crookston ;
Johnstone (D.).

L. lautella, Z. — Gadder Wilderness (K.) : Renfrew (Stn. Man.) : Bonhill
(J. M.).

L. ulmifoliella, Hb. — Fossil ; Mugdock Wood ; Barrachan Moss (K.) : Bon-
hill (J. M.) : Johnstone (D.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).

L. spinolella, Dup. — Gadder Wilderness ; Barrachan Moss : Mugdock Wood
(K.) : Bonhill ; Arrochar (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Kilsyth ; Giff-
nock (D.).

L. oxycan.th.ella, Z. — Paisley ; Bonhill (J. M.).

L. pomifoliella, Z. — C.

L. sorbi, Frey. — Bonhill (J. M.).

L. cerasicolella, Hs. — Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).

L. spinicolella, Stt. — Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).

L. faginella, Z. — C. ; Gadder Wilderness ; Langside (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :
Giffnock ; Johnstone (D.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).

L. coryli, Nicelli. — Bonhill (J. M.).

L. junoniella, Z. — Gadder Wilderness (K.) : Gleniffer (J. D.).

L. quercifoliella, Z. — Gadder Wilderness ; Langside ; Kenmuir Bank ;
Mugdock Wood (K.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.).

L. messaniella, Z. — Bonhill (J. M.).

L. corylifoliella, Hw. — Nr. Glasgow (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Garelochhead
(H.) : Linwood (J. D.).

L. nicellii, Stt.— Bonhill (J. M.) : Glen Mallon (D.).

L. froelichiella, Z. — Bonhill (J. M.).

L. stettinensis, Nic. — Bonhill (J. M.).

L. klemannella, ^.—Mugdock Wood (K.) : Bonhill (J.M.): Glen Mallon (D.).

L. emberizipennella, Bch. — Langside (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Gourock ;
Arran (J. D.).

Ornix loganella, Stt. — Luss (Stn. Man.) : Bonhill (J. M.).

0. betulae, Stt.— C. Mugdock Wood (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Linwood (J. D.).

0. scoticella, Stt. — Gadder Wilderness (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Dargavel
(J. D.).

0. torquillella, Z.— Bonhill (J. M.).

0. anglicella, Stt.— Bonhill (J. M.).

Gracilaria alchimiella, Sc. — C.

G. elongella, L. — Mugdock Wood ; Gourock (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Arrochar
(D.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).

G. tringipennella, Z. — Jamestown (J. M.) : Garluke (M.) : Mearns ; Giff-
nock ; Mauchline (D.).

G. syringella, .F.— Langside (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) : nr.
Paisley (J. D.) : Crookston ; Dimdonald ; Busby (D.).

G. auroguttella, Stph. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).

Leucoptera iaburnella, Stt. — Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).

L. spartifoliella, Hb. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Gitfnock ; Ravenscraig (D.) : Car-
luke (M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).

Lyonetia clerkella, L. — Gourock (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Arran (J. D.).

Ticheria complanella, Hb. — Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).

Ocnerostoma pinariella, Zell. — Possil ; Kirklee ; Bishopton (K.) : Bonhill
(J. M.) : Dargavel (J. D.).

Cedestis farinatella, Dup. — Barrachan Moss(K.): Bonhill (J. M.) : Garluke
M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Dimdonald ; Mauchline (D.).

256 LEPIDOPTERA.

C. gysseleniella, Dup. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Gourock ; Arrau (J. D.).

Argyresthia arceuthina, Z.— Clober Moor (K.).

A. brockeella, Hb. — C.

A. gaedartella, Z.— C. ; Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) : Giffnock ; Dun-

donald ; Bishopton (D.).
A. pygmaeella, Hb. — Giffnock ; Bishopton (D.) : Carluke (M.) : nr. Paisley

(J. D.).

A. Cornelia, F.—C. ; Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).
A. retinella, Z.—Q. ; Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) :

Johnstone ; Glen Mallon ; Dundonald (D.).
A. conjugella, Z. — Bonhill (J. M.) : GifFnock ; Gourock (D) ; Gleniffer

(J. D.).
A. spiniella, Z. — C. Langside ; Gadder Wilderness (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :

Linwood (J. D.).

A. ephippella, ^.—Bonhill (J. M.) : Dundonald (D.).
A. nitidella, F.— Langside (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Gleniffer (J. D.).
A. albistria, Hw. — Possil Marsh ; Mugdock Wood (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :

Carluke (M.) : Dargavel (J. D.).
A. semitestacella, Curt. — Nr. Glasgow ; Cadder Wilderness (K.) : Bonhill

(J. M.) : Gleniffer (J. D.).

Swammerdamia combinella, Hb.— Garelochhead (H.) : Carluke (M.) : Bon-
hill (J. M.) : Arrochar (D.).
S. heroldella, Hb.— C.
S. lutaria, Hw. — Gourock ; Arran (J. D.).
S. caesiella, Hb. — C.

Diplodoma marginepunctella, Stph.— Bonhill (J. M.).
Ochsenheimeria bisontella, Z. — Mugdock Wood ; Cadder Wilderness (K.) :

Bonhill ; Jamestown (J. M.) : Gleniffer (J. D.) : Eavenscraig ; Glen

Mallon (D.)-

Incurvaria pectinea, Hw. — Cleghorn ; Brodick (M.).
I. muscalella, F. — Kenmuir Bank ; Cadder Wilderness (K.) ; Carluke (M.) :

Bonhill ; Jamestown (J. M.) : Cathcart ; Johnstone ; Rothesay (D.).
Lampronia quadripunctella, Stph. — Nr. Glasgow (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) ;

Crookston (D.) : Gleniffer (J. D.).
L. praelatella, Schiff. — Mihigavie (K.) : Garelochhead (H.) : Dargavel

(J. D.) : Glen Mallon (D.).
L. rubiella, Bjerkander. — Cadder Wilderness ; Bishopton Moss ; Allander

(K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) : Dargavel (J. D.) : Garelochhead

(H.) : Johnstone ; Dundonald (D.).
Myrmecozela ochraceella, Tgst.— Euchill (K.).
Tineola biselliella, Hiimmel. — C. in houses.
Phylloporia bistrigella, Hw. — Dargavel ; Langside ; Clober (K.) : Glenitter

(J. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Johnstone (D.)-
Monopis imella, Hb. — Bonhill (J. M.).
M. fenestratella, Heyden. — Carluke (M.).
M. rusticella, Hb. — Cadder Wilderness ; Barrachan Moss (K.) : Bonhill

(J. M.) : Carluke (M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).
Trichophaga tapetiella, L. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Garelochhead (H.) : Paisley

(J. D.).

Tinea arcella, F. — Carluke (M.).
T. cloacella, Hw. — C.
T. fuscipunctella, Hw. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Uddingston (M.) : nr. Paisley

(J. D.).

T. pellionella, Z.— Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.).
T. pallescentella, Stt.— C.
T. lapella, Hb.— Barrachan Moss (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) :

Cathcart ; Crookston ; Johnstone (D.).

MICROPTERYGINA. 257

T. semifulvella, Hw. — Bonhill (J. M.) : Arrochar ; Shewalton (D.).

Nemophora swammerdamella, L. — Gadder Wilderness ; Milngavie ; Lang-
side (K.) : Renfrew (J. D.) : Carluke (M.).

N. schwarziella, Z.— Cadder Wilderness (K) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Carluke (M.) :
Eenfrew (J. D.) : L'goilhead (D.).

N. pilella, .P.— Bonhill (J. M.).

Adela mfimitrella, Sc. — Fossil Marsh (K.) : Crookston (D.) : Dargavel (J.D.).

A. cuprella, Thunberg. — Rowardennan (M.).

Nemotois cupriacellus, Hb. — Barr (D.).

N. minimellus, Z. — Carluke (M.) : Straiten (D.).

MICROPTERYGINA.

Fam. Hepialidae.

Hepialus hectus, L. — Cadder Wilderness ; Langside ; Ruchill ; Mugdock
' Wood (K.) : Dunoon (H. C.) : Renfrew (J. S.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : John-
stone ; L. Riddon ; L'goilhead ; Barr ; Luss (D.).

H. lupulimis, L. — Cambuslang ; Langside ; Euckhill ; Cadder Wilderness
(K.); Renfrew (J. S.) : Carluke (M.) : Ardrossan (H. C.) : Giffnock ;
Cathcart ; Tarbert (D.).

H. sylvinus, L. — Ruchill ; Fossil ; Gourock (K.) : Dunoon (T. C.) : Loch
Goil : Bonhill (J. M.) : Ayrshire ; Carmunnock ; Corrie (D.).

H. velleda, Hb.— Ruchill ; Langside ; Cadder Wilderness (K.) : Bonhill
(J. M.).

H. humuli, Z.— C.

Fam. Micropterygidae.

Micropteryx sparmanella, Bosc. — Mugdock (K.)-

M. purpurella, Hw. — Mugdock (K.).

M. semipurpurella, Stph. -^Bonhill (J. M.).

M. unimaculella, Zett. — Langside (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Gourock; Arran
(J.D.).

M. subpurpurella, Hau: — Langside (K.) : Mugdock (K.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :
Garelochhead (H.) : Gourock ; Arran ; Dunoon (J. D.).

Eriocephala aureatella, Sc. — Cadder Wilderness (K.) : Clober (K.) : Bon-
hill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) : Crookston ; Johnstone ; Luss (D.).

E. amncella, Sc. — Langside (K.) : Arrochar (J. M.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :
Gleniffer (J. D.) : Crookston ; Giffnock ; Johnstone (D.).

E. calthella, L. — Langside ; Fossil ; Troon ; Milngavie ; Strathblane (K.) :
Bonhill (J. M.) : Colintraive (D.) : Newton Woods, Paisley (J. D.).

R

ORDER DIPTERA.
(Except Tipulidae).

BY PERCY H. GRIMSHAW, F.E.S., Museum of Science and Art,

Edinburgh.

CLASSIFICATION AND ARRANGEMENT : Verrall, List of British Diptera, 1888
(with a few exceptions).

CONTRACTIONS : c. = common, r. = rare, gen. dist. = generally distributed etc.

(V.)= Verrall (in most cases in Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. xix., 1883);
(B.) = Binnie; (D.) = A. Adie Dalglish, F.E.S. ; (F.) = Anderson Fergusson ;
(G.)=P. H. Grimshaw, F.E.S.

The compiler is much indebted to the labours of the four gentlemen
named above, and others whose names appear in brackets below, without
whose aid the list must have been much abbreviated.

Earn. Cecidomyidae.

Asphondylia pimpinellae, F. Liv. — Galls on Angelica sylvestris, Mugdock

' Wds., Glasgow (B.).

A. sarothamni, Lw. — Galls on Cytisus scoparius, Glasgow ; Milngavie (B.).
A. ulicis, Traill. — Galls on Ulex europaeus, Milngavie ; Kilpatrick Hills ;

Kilsyth Gl. (B.).
Cecidomyia betulae, Winn. — Galls on Betula alba, Glasgow ; Mugdock

Wds. ; Bishopton (B.).

C. bursaria, Bremi. — Galls on Nepeta glechoma, Glasgow (B.).
C. campanulae, Mull. — Galls on Campanula rotundifolia nr. Glasgow (B.)
C. cerastii, Binnie. — Galls on Cerastium viscosum, c. Fossil district (B.)
C. crataegi, Winn. — Gall on Crataegus oxyacantha, near Glasgow (B.).
C. galii, Lw. — Galls Fossil Marsh and nr. Glasgow (B.).
C. marginemtorquens, Bremi. — Galls on Salix mminalis nr. Glasgow (B.).
C. persicariae, L. — Galls on Polygonum persicaria, Glasgow (B.).
C. pilosellae, Binnie. — Galls on Hieracium pilosella, nr. Glasgow ; Kilsyth

Glen ; Milngavie (B.).

C. pruni, Kltb. — Galls on Primus spinosa, Mugdock Wd. ; nr. Glasgow (B.).
C. pteridis, Mull. — Galls at Glasgow (B.).
C. quercus, Binnie. — Galls on Quercus robur, nr. Cambuslang ; banks of

Clyde, nr. Newton (Cameron) : Mugdock Wd. ; Cadder Wilderness (B.)
C. rosaria, Lw. — Galls on Salix, Glasgow (B.).
C. rosarum, Hardy.— Galls nr. Glasgow (B.).
C. salicis, SchrJc. — Galls on Salix, Glasgow (B.).
C. tornatella, Bremi. — Galls on Fagus sylvatica, nr. Glasgow (B.).

C. trifolii, F. Lw. — Galls on Trifolium repens, Glasgow (B.).

Diplosis dryobia, F. Lw.- -Galls, Mugdock Wood ; Cadder Wilderness (B.)

D. loti, Deg. — Galls on Lotus corniculatus, nr. Glasgow (B.).
Hormomyia capreae, Winn. — Galls on Salix, Glasgow (B.).

DIPTERA. 259

H. juniperina, L. — Galls on Juniperus communis, nr. Glasgow (B.).
H. millefolii, Lw. — Galls on Achillea millefolium, Glasgow (B.).
H. piligera, Lw. — Galls on Fagus sylvatica, nr. Glasgow (B.).
H. ptarmicae, Vallot. — Galls on Achillea ptarmica, nr. Glasgow (B.).

Fam. Mycetophilidae.
Mycetophila bimaculata, Fab. — Arran (V.).
Macro cera lutea, Mg. — Arran (V.).

Fam. Bibionidae.

Scatopse inermis, Ruthe. — Arran (V.).

S. notata, L. — Arran (V.).

Dilophus albipennis, Mg. — Blairskaith Muir, Campsie (Orel.).

D. febrilis, L. — Generally distributed.

D. femoratus, J/#.— Troon (Ord.) : Barr (F.).

Bibio johannis, L. — Bishopton (D.).

B. lacteipennis, Ztt. — Moukland Canal, Lanarkshire (Ord.) : Banks of

Allander ; Miliigavie (Ord.) : Crookston (D.) : Arran (V.).
B. laniger, Mg. — Bishop Loch, nr. Coatbridge (Ord.): Milngavie (Ord.): Ailsa

Craig (Henderson).
B. leucopterus, Mg. — Giffnock (D.).
B. marci, L. — Bowling ; Ayr (D.).
B. pomonae, Fab. — Inverglas ; W. Kilbride (D.) : Elvanfoot (Evans).

Fam. Simuliidae.
Simulium latipes, Mg. — Lagg, Arran (V.).

Fam. Psychodidae.

Pericoma fallax, Eaton. — L. Lomond (King).
P. trivialis, Eaton. — L. Lomond (King).

Fam. Rhyphidae.

Rhyphus fenestralis, Scop. — Generally distributed.
R. punctatus, Fab. — Crookston (D.) : Arran (V.).

Fam. Stratiomyidae.

Nemotelus notatus, Ztt. — Arran (V.).

Oxycera trilineata, Fab. — Crookston (D.).

Odontomyia viridula, Fab. — Barr (D.).

Sargus nubeculosus, Ztt. — Crookston (D.).

Chloromyia fbrmpsa, Scop. — Strathblane (Orel.).

Microchrysa flavicornis, Mg. — Milngavie (Ord.) : Busby (D.) : Arran (V.).

M. polita, L. — Crookston (D.) : Arran (V.).

Beris chalybeata, Forst. — Arran (F. ; V.) : L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).

B. fuscipes, Mg. — Strathblane (Ord.).

B. vallata, Forst. — Cambuslang ; Irvine Moor (D.) : Arran (F. ; V.).

Fam. Tabanidae.

Haematoppta crassicornis, Whlbg. — Ravenscraig (D.) : Arran (V.).
H. pluvialis, L. — Generally distributed.

Tabanus sudeticus, Zeller. — Bonhill (Malloch) : Glenmallan (D.).
Chrysops relictus, Mg. — Gl. Falloch, L. Lomond (Ord ; D.).

Fam. Leptidae.

Leptis notata, Mg. — Arran (F. ; V.).
L. scolopacea, L. — C. and gen. dist.
L. tringaria, L. — Barr (D.).
Chrysopilus auratus, Fab. — Gen. dist.

260 DIPTERA

Atherix ibis, Fab. — Barr (Fergusson).

Symphoromyia crassicornis, Panz. — Strathblane (Ord) : Lamington ;
Barr (D.).

Fam. Asilidae.

Dioctria reinhardi, Wied. — Barr (D.).
Isopogon brevirostris, Mg. — Gl. Falloch (Ord.) : Arrochar (D.) : Arran

Pamponerus germanicus, L. — Irvine Moor (D.).

Philonicus albiceps, Mg.— Irvine Moor (D.).

Dysmachus trigonus, Mg.— Irvine Moor (D.) : Troon (Ord).

Fam. Bombyliidae.
Bombylius major, L. — L. Bidden (D.).

Fam. Therevidae.
Thereva annulata, Fab. — Irvine Moor (D.).

Fam. Empidae.

Hybos culiciformis, Fab.—G\. Falloch (Ord) : Ardpeaton, L. Long (Evans).

H. grossipes, L.— King's Cross, Arran (D.).

Cyrtoma spuria, Fin. — Dundonald (D.).

Rhamphomyia albosegmentata, Ztt.— Arran (V.).

R. flava, Fln.—Arrsui (D.; V.).

R. geniculata, Mg. — Arran (V.).

R. nigripes, Fab. — Banks of Allander, Milngavie (Ord) : L. Loskin, Dunoon

(G.) : Arran (V.).
R. sulcata, Fin. — Tollcross (Ord) : Monkland Canal, Lanarkshire (Ord) :

Crookston (D.).
R. tarsata, Mg. — Arran (V.).
R. umbripennis, Mg.— Arran (V.).
Empis bilineata, Lw. — Eaglesham (Ord) : Barr (F.).
E. livida, L. — C. and gen. dist.
E. opaca, Fab.— Eaglesham (Ord).
E. punctata, Mg. — Lamington (D.).
E. scutellata, Curtis. — A male of this very rare species taken at Arrochar,

10/6/99 by Mr. A. Adie Dalglish.
E. stercorea, L. — Gen. dist.
E. tessellata, Fab. — C. and gen. dist.
E. trigramma, Mg. — Gen. dist.
E. vernalis, Mg. — Arran (V.).
Hilara interstincta, Fln.—G\. Falloch (Ord): Ardpeaton, L. Long (Evans):

Arran (V.).

H. maura, Fab.— Arran (V.) : L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).
H. pruinosa, Mg. — Arran (V.).
H. squalens, Ztt.— Arran (V.).
Hemerodromia melanocephala, Hal.— Arran (V.)
H. precatoria, Fln.—L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).
Gloma fuscipennis, Mg.— Arran (V.).
Tachypeza nubila, Mg. — Arran (V.).
Tachista annulimana, Mg.— Arran (V.) : Giffnock (D.) : Elvanfoot (Evans).

Fam. Dolichopodidae.

Psilopus platypterus, Fab. — Arran (V.) : Ardpeaton, L. Long (Evans).
Hygroceleuthus diadema, Hal. — Arran (V.).
Dolichopus aeneus, Deg. — C. and gen. dist.
D. atratus, Mg.— Arran (V.).
D. atripes, Mg.— Arran (V.).

DIPTERA. 261

D. discifer, Stan.—Gl Falloch (Ord) : Arran (V.).

D. lepidus, Staeg. — Arran (V.).

D. nubilus, Mg.— Arran (V.).

D. pennatus, Mg. — Arran (V.).

D. plumipes, Scop. — Strathblane ; Troon ; Blairskaith Muir, Campsie (Ord):

L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).
D. popularis, Wied. — Arran (V.) : Barr (F.) : L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.) :

Ravenscraig (D.).
D. simplex, Mg. — Arran (V.).
D. trivialis, Hal. — Ardpeaton, L. Long (Evans).
D. urbanus, Mg. — Arran (V.) : Banks of Allander, Milngavie (Ord.) : L.

Loskin, Dunoon (G.).
D. vitripennis, Mg. — Arran (V.).
Tachytrechus notatus, Stan. — Arran (V.)
Gymnopternus aerosus, Fin. — Arran (V.).
G. cupreus, Fin. — Arran (V.).
Argyra argentina, Mg.— Arran (V.).

A. argyria, Mg. — Milngavie ; Blairskaith Muir, Campsie (Ord).
A. diaphana, Fab. — Arran (V.).
A. leucocephala, Mg. — Arran (V.).
Rhaphium longicorne, Fin. — Arran (V.).
Porphyrops praerosus, Lw. — Arran (V.).
Synarthrus pallipes, Fab. — Arran (V.).
Syntormpn sulcipes, Mg. — Arran (V.).
Machaerium maritimae, Hal. — Arran (V.).
Xiphandrium appendiculatum, Ztt. — Arran (V.).
X. fissum, Lw. — Arran (V.).

X. monotrichum, Lw. — Arran (V.) : L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).
Medeterus apicalis, Ztt. ? — Arran (V.).
Hydrophorus bipunctatus, Lehm. — Elvanfoot (Evans).
Campsicnemus armatus, Ztt. — Arran (V.).
C. curvipes, Fl-n. — Arran (V.).
Sympycnus annulipes, Mg. — Arran (V.).

Fam. Pipunculidae.
Pipunculus furcatus, Schin. — Strathblane (Ord) : Barr (D.).

Fam. Syrphidae.

Pipizella biguttata, Curt. — Barr (F.) : Gl. Falloch, L. Lomond ; Strathblane ;

Blairskaith Muir, Campsie ; L. Loskin, Dunoon (Orel).
Pipiza carbonaria, Mg. 'I — Gl. Falloch, L. Lomond (Ord).
Chrysogaster hirtella, Lw. — Gen. dist.
C. metallina, Fab. — Arran (V.) : Fossil Marsh ; Troon ; L. Loskin, Dunoon

(Ord) : Ravenscraig (D.).
Chilosia albitarsis, Mg. — Arran (V.).
C. antiqua, Mg. — Arran (V.) : Barr (D.).
C. chloris, Mg.— Arran (\ . ; D.) : Irvine (D.).
C. flavimana, Mg. — Arran (V.) : Barr (F.) : Crookston (D.).
C. intonsa, Lw. — Crookston (D.).
C. oestracea, L. — Bonhill (Malloch) : Dundonald (D.).
C. sparsa, Lw. — Arran (V.).

C. variabilis, Panz.— Arran (V.) : Barr (F. ; D.).
Leucozona lucorum, L. — C. and gen. dist.
Melanostoma mellinum, L. — C. and gen. dist.
M. scalare, Fab. — Arran (V.).
Pyrophaena ocymi, Fab.— Inverkip (Ord) : WestKiibride ; Busby; King's

Cross, Arran (D.).

262 DIPTERA.

P. rosaram, Fab. — King's Cross, Arran (D.).

Platychirus albimanus, Fab.—C. and gen. dist.

P. angustatus, Ztt. — Barr (F.).

P. clypeatus, Mg. — C. and gen. dist.

P. manicatus, Mg. — C. and gen. dist.

P. peltatus, Mg. — C. and gen. dist.

P. scambus, Staeg. — C. and gen. dist.

Syrphus annulatus, Zett. — Arran (V.).

S. arcticus, Zett. — Arran (V.).

S. balteatus, Deg.—C. and gen. dist.

S. barbifrons, Fin.— Arran (V.).

S. Cinctellus, £<?«.— Irvine Moor (D.).

S. cinctus, Fin. — Arran (V.).

S. compositarum, Ver. — Arran (V.).

S. grossulariae, Mg. — Arran (V.).

S. laternarius, Mull. — Dundonald ; Barr (D.).

S. latifasciatus, Mcq. — Milngavie ; Gourock ; Ravenscraig (D.).

S. luniger, Mg.— Barr (F.).

S. nigritarsis, Ztt. ? Arran (V.).

S. punctulatus, Ver. — Arran (V.).

S. quadrilunulatus, Schum. — Arran (V.).

S. ribesii, L. — C. and gen. dist.

Catabomba pyrastri, L.— Fossil Marsh ; Irvine Moor (D.) ; Elvanfoot
(Evans).

Sphaerophoria menthastri, L. — Arran (V. ; D.) : L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).

S. picta, My. — C. and gen. dist.

Sphegina clunipes, Fin. — Strathblane (Ord).

Ascia floralis, Mg. — Arran (V.).

A. podagrica. Fab. — Strathblane (Ord) : Arran (V. ; F.).

Rhingia rostrata, L. — C. and gen. dist.

Volucella bombylans, L., var. bombylans, Mg. — Barr (D.).
var. plumata, Mg. — Barr ; King's Cross, Arran (D.).

V. pellucens, L.— Bonhill (Malloch).

Sericomyia borealis, Fin. — Barr ; Bavenscraig ; King's Cross. Arran
(D.).

S. lappona, L.— Arran (V.) : Barr (F.) : Dimoon (G.) : Strathblane (Ord) :
Colintraive (D.).

Arctophila mussitans, Fab. — Barr (D.) : Bonhill (Malloch).

Eristalis arbustorum, L. — C. and gen. dist.

E. horticola, Deg. — Gen. dist.

E. intricarius, L. — Bishopton (D.) : Bonhill (Malloch) : Bishop L., nr. Coat-
bridge (Ord) : Elvanfoot (Evans).

E. nemprum, L. — Arran (V.).

E. pertinax, Scop. — C. and gen. dist.

E. rupium, Fab. — Barr (F. ; D.) : Elvanfoot (Evans).

E. sepulchralis, L.— Fossil Marsh (Ord).

E. tenax, L. — C. and gen. dist.

Myiatrppa florea, L.— Bonhill (Malloch) : L. Loskin, Dunoon (Ord).

Helpphilus hybridus, Lw. — Fossil Marsh (D.).

H. lineatus, Fab. — Fossil Marsh (Ord ; D.).

H. pendulus, L.—C. and gen. dist.

Criorrhina oxyacanthae, Mg. — Barr (D.).

Xylota segnis, L.— Arran (V.) : Inverkip (Ord) : Barr (D.)

Syritta pipiens, L. — C. and gen. dist.

Chrysptoxum arcuatum, L.— Inverkip (Ord).

C. bicinctum, L. — Dundonald (D.).

Microdon mutabilis, L. — Nr. Glasgow (Cameron).

DIPTERA. 263

Fam. Conopidae.

Sicus fermgineus, L. — Dundonald (D.).
Myopa buccata, L. — Irvine Moor (D.).

Fam. Tachinidae.

Siphona geniculata, Deg. — Blairskaith Muir, Campsie ; Eaglesham (Ord).
Olivieria rufomaculata, Deg.— Barr (D.).
Sisyropa lota, Mg. — Gl. Falloch, L. Lomond (Ord).
Miltogramma punctata, Mg. — Arran (Curtis).
Metopia amabilis, Mg. — Strathblane (Ord).
Degeeria blanda, Fin. — Colintraive (D.).

Fam. Dexiidae.
Dexia vacua, Fin. — Barr ; King's Cross, Arran (D.).

Fam. Sarcophagidae.

Sarcophaga albiceps, Mg.— Inverglas (D.).

S. atropos, Mg.— Arran (V.).

S. carnaria, L. — Arran (V.) ; Barr ; Lamington (D.) ; Strathblane (Ord).

S. melanura, J/#.— Crookston (D.).

Cynomyia alpina, Ztt. — Barr (F.).

C. mortuorum, L. — Arran (V.) : Elvanfoot (Evans) : Troon (Ord).

Fam. Muscidae.

Lucilia caesar, L. — C. and gen. dist.

L. cornicina, Fab. — C. and gen. dist.

L. sericata, Mg. — Strathblane (Ord).

Calliphora erythrocephala, My.— C. and gen. dist.

C. groenlandica, Ztt. — Dunoon (G.).

C. vomit oria, L. — Arran (V.).

C. sepulchralis, Mg. — C. and gen. dist.

Pollenia rudis, Fab. — Inverglas (D.) : Strathblane ; Gl. Falloch ; L. Lomond

(Ord).

Mesembrina meridiana, L. — Arran (V.) : Inverglas ; Barr (D.).
Graphomyia maculata, Scop. — Arran (V.) : L. Loskin, Dunoon ; Fossil

Marsh (Ord) : Barr (F.).
Morellia hortorum, Fin.— Arran (V.).
M. simplex, Lw. — Arran (V.) : Milngavie (Ord).
Cyrtoneura stabulans, Fin. — Arran (V.).
Myiospila-meditabunda, Fab.— Arran (V.): Blairskaith Muir, Campsie;

Mon.kla.nd Canal, Lanarkshire (Ord).
Haematobia stimulans, Mg. — Arran (V.).

Fam. Anthomyiidae.

Polietes albolineata, Fin. — Arran (V.).
P. hirticrura, Meade. — Kilmarnock (V.).
P. lardaria, Fab. — C. and gen. dist.

Hyetodesia aculeipes, Ztt.— Strathblane (Ord). New to Britain.
H. basalis, Ztt.— Barr (F.) : Strathblane (Ord).
H. boleticola, Rnd. — Arran (V.).
H. cunctans, Mg. — Arran (V.).
H. errans, Mg. — Tollcross (Ord) : Arran (V.).
H. hirsutula, Ztt. — Arran (V.).
H. incana, Wied. — C. and gen. dist.
H. innocua, Ztt. — Arran (V.).
H. lasiophthalma, Mcq. — Arran (V.).

H longipes, Ztt.— Arran (V. ; F.): Strathblane; Blairskaith Muir, Campsie ;
Gl. Falloch (Ord).

264 DIPTERA.

H. lucorum, Fin. — Arran (V.) : Blairskaith Muir, Campsie ; Strath blane ;

Milngavie (Ord).

H. marmorata, Ztt. — Arran (V.).
H. obscurata, Mg. — Blairskaith Muir, Campsie (Ord).
H. scutellaris, Fin. — Arran (V.).
H. semicinerea, Wied. — Arran (V.).
H. signata, Mg. — Arran (V.).
H. umbratica, Mg. — Arran (V.).

H. variabilis, Fin. — Arran (V.) : L. Loskin, Dunoon (Ord).
Mydaea impuncta, Fln.—C. and gen. dist.
M. pagana, Fab. — Gen. dist.
M. urbana, Mg. — Arran (V.) : Milngavie (Ord).
Spilogaster communis, Dsv. — Arran (V.)*: Dunoon (G.).
S. compuncta, Wied. — Arran (V.).
S. consimilis, Fin. — Arran (V.).
S. contractifrons, Ztt. — Arran (V.).
S. maculosa, Mg. — Arran (V.).
S. nigrinervis, Ztt.— Gen. dist.
S. solitaria, Ztt. — L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).
S. sororcula, Ztt. — Arran (V.).
S. trianguligera, Ztt. — Inverglas (D.).
Hydrotaea ciliata, Fa b. — Arran (V.).
H. dentipes, Fab. — Arran (V.) : Eaglesham (Ord).
H. fasciculata, Meade. — Arran (V.).

H. irritans, Fin. — Arran (V.) : Banks of Clyde, Carmyle ; Troon (Ord).
H. meteorica, L. — Arran (V.).
H. occulta, Mg. — Arran (V.).
H. palaestrica, Mg. — Arran (V.).
H. rondanii, Meade. — Arran (V.).
Drymeia hamata, Fin. — King's Cross, Arran (D.).
Hydrophoria conica, Wied. — Arran (V.) : Strathblane (Ord).
Hylemyia cardui, Mg. — Eaglesham ; Gl. Falloch (Ord).
H. lasciva, Ztt.-Ba.rY (F.).
H. nigrimana, Mg. — Arran (V.).
H. praepotens, Wied. — Ardpeaton, L. Long (Evans).
H. strigosa, Fab. — C. and gen. dist.
H. variata, Fin. — Gen. dist.
Lasiops ctenocnema, Kow. — Arran (V.).
L. roederi, Kow. — Arran (V.).
Anihomyia pluvialis, L. — Arran (V.).
A. radicum, L. — Arran (V.).
Phorbia floccosa, Mcq. — Arran (V.).
P. trichodactyla, Rond. — Arran (V.).
Pegomyia bicolor, Wied. — Ailsa Craig (Henderson).
Homalomyia aeria, Ztt. — Arran (V.).
H. armata, Mg. — Arran (V.).
H. manicata, Mg. — Arran (V.).
H. polychaeta, Lw. — Arran (V.).
H. serena, Fin. — Arran (V.).

Azelia cilipes, Hal. — Arran (V.) : Inverglas (D.).
A. gibbera, Mg. — Arran (V.).
A. macquartii, Staeg. — Arran (V.).
A. zetterstedtii, Rond. — Arran (V.).
Macrorchis intermedia, Fin.— Ardpeaton, L. Long (Evans) : Strathblane

Blairskaith Muir, Campsie (Ord).
Coenosia sexnotata, Mg. — Gl. Falloch (Ord).
Hoplogaster mollicula, Fl-n. — Ardpeaton, L. Long (Evans).

DIPTERA. 265

Fam. Scatomyzidae.

Parallelomma albipes, Fin. — Irvine Moor (D.).

Amaurosoma tibiella, Ztt. — Steps Moor, nr. Glasgow (Ord).

Norellia spinimana, Fin. — Pirn Mill, Arran (F.).

N. striolata, Mg.— Monkland Canal, Lanarkshire (Ord).

Spathiophora tiydromyzina, Fin.— Crookston (Ord).

Scatophaga inquinata, Mg. — Arran (V.).

S. litorea, Fin. — Arran (V.) : Crookston (Ord).

S. lutaria, Fab. — Gourock (D.).

S. maculipes, Ztt. — L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).

S. squalida, Mg. — Goatfell, Arran (V.) : L. Loskin, Dunoon (Ord ; G.) :

Crookston ; Eaglesbam ; Giffnock (Ord).
S. suilla, Fab. — Gen. dist.
S. stercoraria, L. — Abundant everywhere.

Clidogastra nigrita, Fin. — Banks of Allander, Milngavie (Ord).
Gimnomera tarsea, Fin. — Barr (F.) : Arran (V.).

Fam. Helomyzidae.

Helomyza laevifrons, Lw.— Strathblane ; Gl. Falloch ; Milngavie (Ord).
Blepharoptera serrata, L. — Steps Moor, nr. Glasgow (Ord).

Fam. Sciomyzidae.

Dryomyza anilis, Fin. — Strathblane ; Milngavie (Ord.)
D. decrepita, Ztt. — Gl. Falloch, L. Lomond (Ord).

D. flaveola, Fab. — Tollcross ; Milngavie ; Carmyle (Ord) : Giffnock (D.).
Sciomyza albocostata, Fin. — Giffnock (D.).

S. pallida, Fin. — Gl. Falloch, L. Lomond (Ord).
Phaeomyia fuscipennis, Mg. — Blairskaith Muir, Canipsie (Ord).
Tetanocera elata, Fab. — Banks of Clyde, Carmyle (Ord).
T. ferruginea, Fin. — Crookston ; Strathblane ; Monkland Canal, Lanark-
shire (Ord).

T. laevifrons, Lw. — Eaglesham ; Strathblane (Ord) : L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).
T. reticulata, Fab. — L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).
T. robusta, Lw.— Crookston ; Gourock ; Colintraive (D.).
T. sylvatica, Mg. — Milngavie (Ord).
T. umbrarum, L. — Gl. Falloch (Ord) : Ravenscraig (D.).
Limnia unguicornis, Scop.— Strathblane (Ord).
Elgiva albiseta, Scop. — Blairskaith Muir, Campsie ; Giffnock (Ord).

E. dorsalis, Fab. — Colintraive (D.).

Fam. Psilidae.

Psila atra, Mg. — Ardpeaton, L. Long (Evans).

P. fimetaria, L.— Arran (Y.) : Strathblane ; Milngavie (Ord) ; Crookston (D.).
P. nigra, Fin. — Arran (V.).
P. pallida, Fin.— Burr (F.).
P. rosae, Fab. — Ailsa Craig (Henderson).
P. rufa, Mg. — Lamington (D.).

Loxocera aristata, Pz.— Barr (F.) : Blairskaith Muir, Campsie ; Milngavie
(Ord) : Irvine ; Ravenscraig ; Lamington (D.).

Fam. Micropezidae.

Calobata petronella, L.— Strathblane (Ord).

Fam. Ortalidae.

Pteropaectria frondescentiae, L. — Gen. dist.

Ceroxys crassipennis, Fab. — Lamington (D.).

Eivellia syngenesiae, Fa b.— Strathblane (Ord) : Dundonald (D.).

Seoptera vibrans, L. — Cumbuslang (D.).

266 DIPTERA.

Fam. Trypetidae.

Acidia heraclei, L. — Busby (D.).

Trypeta onotrophes, Lw. — Busby (D.).

Urophora solstitialis, L. — Gl. Falloch, L. Lomond (Ord).

U. stylata, Fab. — Barr (D.).

Carphotricha pupillata, Fin. — Giffnock (D.).

Tephritis leontodontis, Deg. — Barr (F.) : Elvanfoot (Evans).

Fam. Lonchaeidae.

Palloptera arcuata, Fin. — Gourock (D.) : Strathblane ; Carmyle (Ord).
P. umbellatarum, Fab. — Arran (V.).

Fam. Sapromyzidae.

Sapromyza longipennis, Fab. — Strathblane (Ord).

S. obsoleta, Fin. — Blairskaith Muir, Campsie (Ord).

S. praeusta, Fin. — Strathblane (Ord).

S. rorida, Fin. — Blairskaith Muir, Campsie ; Carmyle ; Strathblane (Ord).

Fam, Opomyzidae.
Opomyza germinationis, L. — Lamington (D.).

Fam. Sepsidae.

Sepsis cynipsea, L. — Barr ; Johnstons (D.).

Nemopoda cylindrica, Fab. — Ailsa Craig (Henderson) : Giffnock (D.) : L.

Loskin, Dunoon (G.).
Cheligaster putris, L. — Ardpeaton, L. Long (Evans).

Fam. Ephydridae.

Notiphila nigricornis, Stenk. — L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).
Hydrellia griseola, Fin. — L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).

Fam. Chloropidae.
Chlorops didyma, Zett. — Dundonald (D.).

Fam. Agromyzidae.
Agromyza nigripes, Mg. — Crookston (D.).

Fam. Milichidae.
Phyllomyza securicornis, Fin. — Ardpeaton, L. Long (Evans).

Fam. Borboridae.

Borborus equinus, Fin. — Tollcross, nr. Glasgow (Ord).
B. geniculatus, Mcq. — L. Loskin, Dunoon (G.).

Fam. Nycteribiidae.

Nycteribia hermanni, Leach. — On bats, Nethercraigs, Renfrewshire (J.
Paterson).

TIPULIDAE.

BY R. HENDERSON, 12 Armadale Street, Glasgow.

NOMENCLATURE.

Verrall, List of British Diptera, 1888 [5 species recorded are not in
VerralPs List].

I am much indebted to Mr. A. Ross, who joined me after the death of my
friend and colleague, Mr. G. W. Ord, and to Mr. A. Adie Dalglish, who sent
me a large number of specimens. Mr. Verrall and Mr. E. E. Austen, of the
Brit. Mus., have inspected the specimens marked § and t respectively.

For the most part the list covers only 1 899, 1900, and part of the present year.

ABBREVIATIONS :

E,., Freq., C. = Rare, Frequent, Common.

Baldernock = Linn of Baldernock, and Blairskaith Muir ; Bardowie =
Old Strathblane Rd.. nr. Bardowie Loch ; Cadd. Wild.^Cadder Wilderness ;
Cadd. Wd. = Gadder Wood, adjoining bank of Forth and Clyde Canal;
Cambuslang = S. bank of Clyde between Cambuslang and Newton ; Carmyle
= N. bank of Clyde from Carmyle to Kenmuir Bank ; Eagiesham = Moor at
Eaglesham, nr. Ballageich ; Lunderstone = Wood at Lunderstone, on shore,
below Cloch Lighthouse ; Milngavie — Clober Dam and left bank of Allander,
at Mugdock ; Monkd. Cl. =S. bank of Monkland Canal, nr. Cardowan ;
Fossil M.= Fossil Marsh.

(G. W. O.) = The late G. W. Ord ; (A. A. D.) = A. Adie Dalglish.

Fam. Dixidae.

Dixa maculata, Mg. — C. April-Oct. Cadd. Wild. ; Craigton Wd. ; &c.
D. nebulosa, Mg. — Freq. May, and July-Oct. Cleghorn Woods ; Finnich
Glen ; &c.

Fam. Ptychopteridae.

Ptychoptera contaminata, L. — Freq. May & Aug. Bishopton ; Cambuslang;

Giffnock ; Colintraive.
P. paludosa, Mg. — R. May-Aug. Cambuslang; Cadd. Wd. ; Strathblane;

Lunderstone.
P. lacustris, Mg. — Freq. June-Aug. Loch Thorn ; Strathblane ; W.

Kilbride ; Lunderstone ; Millport ; Cadd. Wild.
P. albimana, F. — Freq. May-Sep. Milngavie ; Crookston ; &c.
P. scutellaris, Mg. — R. May-June. Eaglesham ; Raven scraig ; Frankfield L.

Fam. Limnobidae.

Limnobinae.

Limnobia bifasciata, Sckrk. — Freq. July- Aug. Milngavie ; Largs ; Lun-
derstone ; Troon ; Colintraive ; L'goilheacl.

L. quadrinotata, Mg. — R. June, and Aug. -Sept. Gl. Falloch ; Troon ;
Colintraive ; Waulkmill Gl.

L. nubeculosa, Mg. — C. May-Oct.

L. flavipes, F. — Freq. May-Aug. Mains Wood, nr. Giffnock ; Cambuslang ;
Inverkip ; Gourock ; Milngavie ; Murroch Gl. ; Ormidale.

268 DIPTERA.

L. tripunctata, F. — Freq. May -July. Mains Wd. ; Cadd. Wild.; Strath-

blane ; Inveraray ; Murroch Gl.
L. trivittata, Schum. — Freq. July-Aug. Millport ; Milngavie ; &c. ;

Largs and Skelmorlie districts.
L. macrostigma, Schum. — Freq. May -June and Sept.-Oct. Milngavie ;

Cambuslang ; Ardmore Pt. ; Cadzow F. ; &c.
Dicranomyia aquosa, Ver. — Two, Inverkip, 24/6/99 (G. W. Ord).
D. pilipennis, Egg. — Freq. May -Aug. Kirn ; Wemyss Bay ; W. Kilbride ;

Ormidale ; Blairmore.

D. modesta, Mg. — C. June-Oct. Cadd. Wild. ; Milngavie ; Crookston ; &c.
D. chorea, Mg. — C. April-Oct. Cambuslang ; Cadd. Wild. ; Lunderstone ; &c.
D. sp. ? — R. Sept. Ardmore Point ; Arden ; Steps Wd. An ochreous

species with very different genitalia from the two preceding.
D. sp. ? — R. May- July. Crookston ; Milngavie ; Gl. Falloch ; &c. A dark

species, probably a var. of D. sericata, Mg.
D. stigmatica, Mg. — R. Aug. Lochgoilhead ; Colintraive.
D. didyma, Mg. — Freq. June-July. Baldernock ; Strathblaue ; Murroch

Gl. ; Inverkip ; Millport ; Gallangad Gl.
D. dumetonim, Mg-— Freq. June-Sep. C. in Cadd. Wild.
D. morio, F.— Freq. May-Sept. Giffnock ; Millport ; Waulkmill Gl. ;

Bishopton ; Milngavie ; Largs ; &c.

D. ornata, Mg.— One male, 4/6/99, Crookston (A. A. D.) : 3 m., 25/5/01, Gorge

of Avon (Ross).

Rhipidia maculata, Mg. — C. May-Oct. Cadder Wild. ; Ardmore Pt. ; &c.
Geranomyia unicolor, Hal. — One, 11/7/97, probably at Holy L., although

L. Eck was visited same day. Recorded hitherto only from S. of

England and from Ireland.

Rha mphidinae.

Khamphidia longirostris, Mg.—n. May-July. Possil M. ; Cadd. Wd. ;

Frankfield L. ; Ormidale.
Orimarga sp. ? — Single specimens Murroch GL ; Loch Eck, 8/7/99 and

15/7/00.
Antocha opalizans, 0-Sack. — Freq. May-July, and Sept. Milngavie :

Kenmuir ; Murroch Gl. ; &c. C. at Cambuslang.

Eriopterinae.

Empeda flava, Schum. — R. June-July. Murroch Gl. ; Clober Dam :
Cambuslang ; Cadd. Wild. ; Gallangad Gl.

E. nubila, Schum.— C. April-Oct. Gartloch ; Crookston ; Cadd. Wild. ; &c.
Goniomyia connexa, Lw. — One male, 8/7/99, Murroch Gl. I have not seen

any record of this species in Britain.

G. tenella, Mg. — Freq. May- Aug. Troon ; Kirn ; Strone ; Milngavie :
nr. Largs ; &c.

G. sp. ? — Freq. May-Sept. Milngavie ; Lunderston ; Ardmore Pt. ; &c.
A dark species, which I have not been able to identify.

Chilotrichia imbuta, Mg. — One male, 22/7/00, nr. Largs (Ross).

Acyphona maculata, Mg. — Freq. May-Sept. Clober Dam ; Cadd. Wild. ;
Lunderstone ; Waulkmill Gl. ; &c.

.^ Acyphona sp ? — May- June. C. at Cambuslang. An unspotted species ;
unknown to Mr. Verrall.

Molophilus appendiculatus, Staeg. — C. May-Oct. Cadd. Wild. ; Lunder-
stone ; Eaglesham.

M. propinquus, Egg. — C. May-Sep. Possil M. ; Milngavie ; &c.

M. bifilatus, Ver. — C. May-Sep. Crookston ; Strone ; Gartloch ; &c.

M. obscurus, Mg. — R. May -July. Clober Dam ; Strathblane ; Cambuslang.

M. murinus, Mg. — R. May-July. Strathblane ; Gorge of Avon ; Inveraray.

TIPULIDAE. 269

Rhypholophus lineatus, Mg.— Freq. May-July, and Sept. Monkd. Cl. :

Cadd. Wild. ; Mains Wd.
R. nodulosus, Mcq. — C. May-Sep. Gartloch ; Cadd. Wild. ; Lunder-

stone ; &c.

R. pentagonalis, Lw. — R. June-July. Milngavie ; Strathblane..
R. similis, Staeg. — R. June- July. Cadd. Wild. ; Gallangad Gl.
R. varius, Mg. — Freq. Aug.-Oct. Cadd. Wild. ; Ardmore Pt. ; &e.
R. haemorrhoidalis, Ztt. — C. Sept. -Oct. Baldernock ; Cadzow F. ; &c-.
Erioptera flavescens, Mg. — Freq. June-Aug. Fossil M. ; Clober Dam; &c:.
E. taenionota, Mg. — C. May-Oct. Carmyle ; Gartloch ; Eagleshara ; &c.
E. fuscipennis, Mg.— Freq. June-Oct, Cumbrae ; Ardmore Pt. ; Cadd.

Wild. ; &c.

E. trivialis, Mg. — Freq. May-Sept. Eaglesham ; Milngavie ; Possil M.
Symplecta punctipennis, Mg. — R. July and Sept. Monkd. Cl. ; nr. Kilniun.
S. Stictica, Mg. — Freq. May-July, and Sept, Monkd. Cl. ; Ardmore Pt. ;

nr. Kilniun.
Lipsothrix errans, Wlk. — Freq. May-June. Milngavie ; Kenmuir Bank ;.

Cambuslang ; Ormidale.

Limnophilinae.

Idioptera fasciata, L. — R. May-June. Milngavie ; Frankfiekl L.

I. pulchella, Mg. — May-June. Both sexes fairly c. at Frankfield Loch ;,
Milngavie.

I. trimaculata, Ztt. — R. May-June. Drymen Road ; Milngavie.

Ephelia miliaria, Egg. — R. May. Gorge of Avon.

E. apicata, Lw. — R. July-Aug. Lunderstone ; Lock Eck ; Blairmore.

E. submarmorata, Ver. — Freq. May-Aug. Strathblane ; West Kilbride ;;
Lunderstone ; Cambuslang ; &c.

E. marmorata, Mg. — Freq. May-Aug. Monkd. Cl. ; Cadder Wd. ; Ar-
rochar ; Cambuslang ; &c.

Dactylolabis sp. ? — 1 m., 27/4/01, Gorge of Avon (Ross).

D. Frauenfeldi, Egg.— One pair, 15/5/98, Fiddler Gill.

Poecilostola punctata, Schrk. — Freq. May- June. Eaglesham ; Cambus-
lang ; Monkd. Cl. ; Castle Semple.

Limnophlla Meigenii, Ver. — Freq. May-Sept. Cadd. Wild. ; Milngavie ;
Colintraive ; Irvine ; &c.

L. dispar, Mg. — R. May- June. Carmyle ; Mains Wood, nr. Giffhock ;
Strathblane.

L. lineola, Mg. — R. May-Sept. Gartloch Est. ; Millport ; Ormidale.

L. lineoleila, Ver. — C. May-Aug. Cadd. Wild. ; Milngavie ; Ravenscraig ;:
Strone.

L. aperta, Ver. — Freq. June-Aug. Clober Dam ; Colintraive ; W. Kil-
bride ; Cadd. Wd. ; Kilniun ; Blairmore.

L. ferruginea, Mg. — Freq. May-June, and Sep. Monkd. Cl. ; Milngavie ;.
Eaglesham ; Arrochar : &c.

L. ochracea, Mg. — C. May-Sep. Cadd. Wild. ; Murroch Gl. ; Cambus-
lang ; &c.

L. bicolor, Mg. — Freq. May- July. Milngavie ; Arrochar ; Strone ; Busby ;:
Ormidale ; Kilinun.

L. punctum, Mg. — R. June-Aug. Lochgoilhead ; Gl. Falloch ; Kilmun.

L. discicollis, Mg. — Freq. June-Sep. Clober Dam ; Cambuslang ; Cadd.
Wd. ; Strone ; Waulkmill Gl. ; &c.

L. lucomm, Mg. — R. May-July. Strone ; Inveraray ; Ormidale.

L. nemoralis, Mg. — C. May-Sept. Monkd. Cl. ; Lunderstone ; Crook-
ston ; &c.

L. filata, Wlk. — R. June- July. Clober Dam ; Blairmore.

L. senilis, Hal. — Freq. July-Sept. Cadd. Wild. ; Lunderstone; Millport:,
W. Kilbride ; &c.

270 DIPTERA.

Trichocera annulata, Mg. — C. July-Oct. Carmyle ; Gartloch ; &c.

T. hiemalis, Deg.—Q. April-Jany. Cadd. Wild. ; Milngavie ; Cadzow ; &c.

T. fuscata, Mg. — Freq. June-Oct. Monkd. Cl. ; Clober Dam ; Cadd. Wild. ;

Ardmore Pt. ; &c.
T. regelationis, L. — Occurs in almost every month of the year, gen. dist.

Anisomerinae.

Anisomera vittata, Mg. — Freq. May-June. L. Thorn ; Cambuslang ;

Cadd. Wd. ; Gorge of Avon.

Peronecera fuscipennis, Curt. — One pair, 22/5/99, Cambuslang (A. A. D.).

Amalopinae.

Ula pilosa, Schum. Freq. May -July and Sep. -Oct. Mains Wd. ; Cadd.
Wild. ; Milngavie ; &c.

Dicranota pavida, Hal. — R. July-Aug. Lunderstone ; Blairmore.

D. bimaculata, Schum. — Freq. April-Sep. Eaglesham ; Strathblane ; Cadd.
Wild. ; Steps Wood ; &c.

Amalopis immaculata, Mg. — C. May-Sept. Frankfield ; Eaglesham ; Ard-
more Pt. ; Colintraive.

A. unicolor, Schum. — Freq. April-Aug. L. Eck ; Colintraive ; Largs ;
Gorge of Avon ; Millport ; Blairmore.

A. claripennis, Ver. — R. May and Aug. Lunderstone ; Inverkip ; Colin-
traive ; Millport.

A. occulta, Mg. — 2 m., 25/5/01. Blairmore (Ross).

.§ A. sp. ? — Very local. Aug.-Oct. Lunderstone; Cadzow F.; Baldernock ;
Fiddler Gill, &c. I submitted this as A. geniculata, Mg., to Mr. Verrall,
who says that it stands in his collection as the probable A. straminea
of Walker.

A. littoralis, Mg. — Very local. June-Sep. Strathblane ; Baldernock ;
Murroch Gl. ; Largs ; &c.

Pedicia rivosa, L. — Freq. May-Aug. Milngavie; Lunderstone ; Arrochar ;
Cambuslang ; Crookston ; &c.

Cylindrotominae.

Cylindrotoma distinctissima, Mg.— One female, 16/6/00, Cleghorn Wd.
(Mr. Ross).

Liogma glabrata, Mg.— One pair, 23/7/99, Cadd. Wild.

Phalacrocera replicata, L.— May. Milngavie ; c. at Frankfield L.

Fam. Tipulidae.

Dolichopeza sylvicola, Curt.— C. June- July. Cadd. Wild. ; Cambuslang ;

Milngavie ; Ardentinny ; Inveraray ; Murroch Gl. ; Blairmore.
Nephrotoma dorsalis, F.— R. July. L. Eck ; Blairmore.
t Pach.yrrh.ina sp. ? — Resembles P. imperialis, Mg., but with black streak

on scutellum. Freq. June-Aug. Cadd. Wild. ; Lunderstone ; L'goil-

head ; Strone ; Cambuslang ; Troon ; &c.

P. scurra, Mg. — R. July-Aug. Troon ; Irvine ; W. Kilbride ; &c.
P. histrio, F. — Freq. June-July. Monkd. Gl. ; Murroch Gl. ; Strathblane ;

Cadd. Wild. ; Crookston ; &c.
P. maculosa, Mg. — Freq. June-July. Cadd. Wild. ; Crookston ; Lenzie ;

Frankfield L.
§ P. luimlicornis, Schum.— R. May-July. Cambuslang ; Kenmuir Bank ;

L. Eek. Not recorded as British. Mr. Verrall thinks my identification

may be right.
p Sp. 7 — Resembles P. analis, Mg., but with black markings on pleurae. R,

June-July. Clober Dam ; Cambuslang ; Irvine ; Inverkip ; &c.
P. guestfalica, WestJi.—One male, 16/7/99, Strathblane (G. W. O.).
P. quadrifaria, Mg.— Freq. May-July. Strone ; L. Eck ; W. Kilbride ;

Cadd. Wd. ; Murroch Gl. ; Gorge of Avon.

TIPULIDAE. 271

P. annulicornis, Mg. — Freq. May-July. Cadd. Wild. ; Cambuslang ; Clober
Dam ; Glen Massan ; Inverkip ; Ormidale ; Rowardennan.

Tipula pagana, Mg. — Freq. Sept-Oct. Cathkin Park ; Gadder Wild. ;
Ardmore Pt. ; &c. ; 8 females at Clober Dam, 21/10/00.

t T. obsoleta, Mg. — Freq. May-Sep. Cadd. Wild.; Carmyle ; Murroch Gl. ;
Gourock ; &c.

t T. signata, Staeg. — R. Sep.-Oct. Ardmore Pt. ; Cadzow Forest ; Cadd.
Wild. ; Steps Wood ; &c.

t T. confusa, V. d. Wulp. — Freq. Aug. -Sept. Cadd. Wild. ; Finnich Gl. ;
Colintraive, Ardmore Pt. ; Waulkmill Gl. ; &c.

t T. mannorata, Mg. — R. Sep.-Oct. Fiddler Gill ; Mains Wood ; Finlay-
stone Park ; Cadd. Wild. ; Ardmore Pt.

T. rufina, Mg. — Freq. May-Aug. Gourock ; Mt. Florida ; Strone ; Gadder
Wild. ; Frankfield L.

T. longicornis, Schum. — C. May-July. Possil M. ; Milngavie ; Cambus-
lang ; Strone.

tT. winnertzii, Egg. — Two males, Strone, 3/7/00. Apparently new to
British list.

T. hortulana, Mg. — Freq. May -June. Gorge of Avon ; Ormidale ; Inver-
aray ; Cambuslang ; Cadd. Wd. ; Blairmore.

T. varipennis, Mg. — C. May July. Gadder Wild.; Eaglesham; Arrochar;
Frankfield L. ; Cambuslang ; &c.

T. imbeculosa, Mg.— One female, Luss, 30/6/00 (Mr. W. Adam).

T. scripta, Mg. — C. June-Sept. Gadder Wild. ; Murroch Gl. ; Strone ;
Waulkmill Gl.

T. plumbea, F. — Freq. April-June. Frankfield L. ; Eaglesham. C. at
Clober Dam, 14/5/99.

T. pruinosa, W. — Freq. May-June. Milngavie ; Gl. Falloch ; Inverkip ;
Ormidale : Kilmun.

T. luteipennis, Mg. — R. Sep. Ardmore Pt. ; Cadd. Wild.

T. flavolineata, Mg. — R, May-July. Kirn ; Ormidale.

T. lunata, L. — C. May -June. Arrochar ; Possil M. ; Colintraive ; Miln-
gavie ; Murroch Gl. ; Inveraray ; Ormidale.

T. Diana, Mg. — R. May-June, and Aug. Eaglesham ; Milngavie ; Frank-
field L. ; freq. Possil M.

T. lateralis, Mg. — Freq. May-Aug. Milngavie ; Cambuslang ; Frank -
field L. ; Ormidale ; Gt. Cumbrae ; Largs.

tT. montium, Egg. — May-Aug. C. and more widely dist. than the pre-
ceding, but I have not seen any record for Britain.

T. vernalig, Mg. — Freq. May-June. Eaglesham ; Crookston ; Barassie ;
Baldernock ; Milngavie ; Cambuslang.

T. vittata, Mg. — Freq. May- July. Tollcross ; Eaglesham ; Cadd. Wild. ;
Finn Glen ; Steps Wd. ; Cambuslang.

T. gigantea, SchrL — Freq. May-July. Eaglesham ; Arrochar ; Cambus-
lang ; Strone ; Ravenscraig ; &c.

T. lutescens, F. — C. June-Sep. Clober Dam ; Cadder Wild. ; Lunder-
stone ; Troon ; Strone ; Crookston ; &c.

T. oleracea, L. — C. May -July, and r. in Sep. Not so c. nor so widely dist.
as the next.

T. paludosa, Mg. — Very c. everywhere. July-Sep., occasionally in latter
part of June.

T. fascipennis Mg. — R. July-Aug. Cadd. Wild.

T. peliostigma, Schum.— R, June-July. Cadd. Wild. ; Troon ; Strone ;
Baldernock ; Bishopton.

T. ochracea, Mg. — Freq. May- July. Crookston ; Cambuslang ; Carmyle :
Possil M. ; Irvine ; Gadd. Wd. ; Blairmore.

ORDER COLEOPTERA.
BY ANDERSON FERGUSSON, Sandyhills Cottage, Shettleston.

ARRANGEMENT FOLLOWED : Sharp & Fowler's Catalogue, 1893.

AUTHORITIES FOR LOCALITIES : Thomas G. Bishop (T. G. B.) ; D. A. Boyd
(D. A. B.) ; Andrew Adie Dalglish, F.E.S. (A. A. D.) ; John Dunsmore (J. D.) ;
Robert Eden (R. E.) ; William Evans, F.R.S.E. (W. E.) ; William Gilmour
(W. G.) ; Robert Henderson ; J. S. R. Malloch (J. M.) ; the late G. W. Ord ;
Alexander Ross ; Thomas Scott, F.L.S. (T. S.) ; Rev. J. E. Somerville, B.D.,
F.S.A.Scot. (J. E. S.) ; A. M. Stewart (A. M. S.) ; and Thomas Wilson.

The Rev. Alfred Thornley, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S., of South Leverton,
Lincoln, has very kindly verified or identified nearly all the species standing
in the names of A. A. Dalglish, J. Dunsmore, W. Evans, J. S. R. Malloch,
Thomas Scott, and myself. The Rev. H. S. Gorham, F.Z.S., has also given
his opinion on several critical species.

Doubtful records are enclosed in square brackets.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE LIST.

A. S. N. H. = The Annals of Scottish Natural History.

Ent. lfcd.=Entomologia Edinensis, bv James Wilson and Rev. James Duncan

(1834).

Ent. Wkly. Int. = The Entomologists Weekly Intelligencer.
Ent. Ann. = The Entomologist's Annual.

E. M. M. = The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine.
Ent. = The Entomologist.

F. F. W. S. = The Fauna and Flora of the West of Scotland (1876).

M. Cat. = Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Scotland, by Andrew Murray (1853).
Sharp = " The Coleoptera of Scotland," by D. Sharp, M. B. (Scottish Naturalist,

1871-81).

Zool. = The Zoologist.
T. R. B. = " Coleoptera collected by Mr. A. B. Watson of Edinburgh in the

South of Arran," by T. R, Billups (Entomologist, xxvi., 654).
J. J.K.=J. J. F. X. King in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, n.,p. 217 or 254.
J. S. = " Coleoptera, etc., from moss during the spring months (presumably

from the Renfrew District)," by John Scott, Renfrew (Zoologist, Vol. x.,

1852, p. 3462).
J. J. W. = " Coleoptera at Campbeltown, N.B.," by J. J. Walker, F.E.S.

(Entomologists Monthly Magazine, vn., N. S., 110).
M. Y.=The late Morris Young in Ent. Wkly. Int., i., p. 166, or v., p. 68,

except where otherwise indicated.

Fam. Cicindelidae.

Cicindela campestris, L. — C. sandy localities.

var. funebris, Sturm. — Oct. 1858, Gl. Finart, W. side L. Long, Dr. A.
Chapman (T. Chapman, E. M. M., III., 251).

COLEOPTERA. 273

Fam. Carabidae.

Cychrus rostratus, L. — Occasional; Tarbert (T. S.) : Campbeltown (J. J. W.) :

Ardlui ; Lamington (A. A. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Glasgow (J. E. S.) :

Ayr ; Barr ; Arran (A. F.).
Carabus catenulatus, Scop. — C. and widely dist.
C. nemoralis, Miill. — Gardens, Tarbert (T. S.) : Innellan, Arran (J. E. S.) :

Glasgow (A. A. D. ; A. F.) : W. Kilbride (D. A. B.) : Ayr (Thos. Wilson).
C. glabratus, Payk. — Scarce, on higher hills 500 to 2000 ft., Ben Lomond

(Ent. Ed., 71): Glemnallan (A. A. D.) : Craigmaddie, G. W. Ord

(A. S. N. H. 1899, 183): Greenock (T. S.; J. E. S.): W. Kilbride (D. A. B.):

Arran, Goatfell, 1858 (J. E. S.) : Ben Bharrain (Mrs. Blaikie, Port

Glasgow ; A. F.).

C. violaceus, L. — C. and widely dist.
C. clathratus, L. — Very local and r., four in a field, Blairmore, 1857 (J. E. S.):

Ayrshire Coast (F. F. W. S.).
C. nitens, Z. — Local ; Arrochar (J. E. S.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : nr. Paisley (J. D.) :

Greenock (T. S.) : Stewarton (W.G.): Hareshaw (Mr. Cuthbert) :

Dunoon (P. Cameron, Trans. N.H.S.Glasg. I., N.S., xxx.).
C. granulatus, L. — Freq. and widely dist.

C. monilis,^.— Very r., Paisley, J. D., (A.S.N.H., 1900, 53) : Arran (T. R. B.).
C. arvensis, F. — Scarce, Arrochar ; Blairmore ; L. Eck (J. E. S.) : Greenock

(T. S.) : W. Kilbride (D. A. B.) : Arran (Ent. Ed.).
Notiophilus biguttatus, F. — C. and gen. dist.
N. substriatus, Wat.— R, Ayr (A. F.) : Arran (T. R. B.).
N. aquaticus, L. — Gen. dist.
N. palustris, Duft. — Scarce, Eaglesham Moor ; Irvine (J. J. K.) : Shewalton ;

Ayr (A. F.).

Leistus spinibarbis, F. — E., under loose bark nr. Paisley (J. D., R. E.).
L. fulvibarbis, Dej. — Scarce, damp places ; Milngavie (J. E. S.) : Bowling

(A. F.) : Possil (J. E. S.) : Ayr ; Barr (A. F.) : Arran (T. R. B.).
L. ferruginous, L. — One in Mr. J. Dunsmore's collection from Paisley

district.
L. rufescens, F.— Freq., Tarbert (T. S.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Robroyston

(J. E. S.) : Ayr ; Barr (A. F.) : Arran (T. R. B.).
Nebria brevicollis, F. — Abund. throughout the district.
N. gyllenhali, Sch. — C. throughout the district.
Pelopliila borealis, Pai/k. — Three at Clober ( J. J. K.). Mr. King's specimens,

1 understand, were named by Mr. G. C. Champion, F.Z.S.
Blethisa multipunctata, L.— Local and r., Bowling (A. F.) : Hogganfield,

1859 (J. E. S.) : L. Fad, Bute (T. S.) : Brodick (W. E.).
Elaphrus riparius, L. — Freq., wet places ; Rowardennan ; nr. Glasgow

(J. E. S.) : Barassie (A. A. D. ; A. F.).
E. cupreus, Duft. — Margins of ponds, gen. dist.
E. uliginosus, F. — One on top of a wall, Greenock, 1858 (J. E. S.).
Loricera pilicornis, F. — C. and gen. dist.
Clivina fossor, L. — C. and gen. dist.

C. collaris, Herbst. — Local, muddy river banks, Kelvin (T. G. B.) : Cart

(J. D.) : Irvine (A. A. D. ; A. F.).

Dyschirius thoracicus, Rossi. — Very local and scarce, sandy places on coast
in burrows of Bledius arenarius, Barassie (A. A. D. ; A. F.).

D. impunctipennis, Daws. — Very local and scarce, with the preceding species,

Barassie (J. D. ; A. A. D. ; A. F.) : Macrihanish, on the beach r. (J. J. AV.).
D. salinus, Schaurn. — Macrihanish r. on the beach (J. J. W.) : Arran

(T. R, B.).
D. globosus, Herbst. — Occasional, sandy banks of streams; Barassie (A. A. D. ;

A. F.) : Prestwick ; Ayr (A. F.) : Brodick (W. E.).

S

274 COLEOPTERA.

Miscodera arctica, Payk. — Mountains ; local ; Ben Loniond (Ent. Ed. ;

J. E. S.) : Ben Nn is, Arran (J. E. S.).
Broscus cephalotes, L. — C. on sandy coasts.
Badister bipustulatus, F. — Occasional ; Row (J. E. S.) : Campsie (A. A. D). :

Glasgow (J. E. S.) : Ayr ; Barr (A. F.).

B. sodalis, Duft. — Very r., one by shaking moss, Barr 4/1900 (A. A. D.).
Chlaenius nigricornis, F. — Lanarkshire (M. Cat.).
Stenolophus plagiatus, Gorham. — Two under stones above high water

mark, nr. Gourock (J. D.). This species was described from the above

specimens by Rev. H. S. Gorham (A. S. N. H., 1901, 24).
Acupalpus dorsalis, F. — Nr. Paisley M. Y., (M. Cat.).

A. brunnipes, Sturm. — Nr. Paisley M. Y., (M. Cat.).

Bradycellus placidus, Gi/ll. — Macrihanish, singly at roots of bent grass
11/1895(J. J.W.).

B. cognatus, Gyll. — Lennoxtown, under stones 3/1900 (A. A. D.).
B. verbasci, Duft.— Not unc., Lambhill (J. E. S.) : Ayr (A. F.).

B. harpalinus, Dej. — Eaglesham Moor (J. J. K.) : Douglas ; Peaton, L. Long,

1900 (W. E.).

B. collaris, Payk. — Gadder Wilderness (J. J. K.).
B. similis, Dej.— Freq. Whistlefield (A. F.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Giffnock ;

Irvine (A. A. D.).

Harpalus ruficornis, F. — C. under stones.
H. aeneus, F. — Abund. and gen. dist.
H. rubripes, Duft.— Arran (T. R. B.).
H. latus, L. — C. and gen. dist.
H. tardus, Panz. — R., one by shaking a tuft of grass on the shore, Ayr

(AF.).
Dichirotrichus pubescens, Payk. — Local, on the shore, Bowling (A. A. D. ;

A. F.) : Ardrossan (A. F.).
Anisodactylus binotatus, F. — Rowardennan (J. E. S.) ; occasional nr. Paisley

and Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Bishopton (J. E. S.).

Stomis pumicatus, Panz. — Scarce Giffnock (A. A. D. ; A.F.) : Ayr (A. F.).
Pterostichus cupreus, L. — Occasional, Glasgow ; Helensburgh ; Innellan

(J. E. S.) : Ayr (A. F.) : Arran (T. R. B.).
P. versicolor, Sturm. — C. and gen. dist.
P. lepidus, F. — Apparently very local and r. Tollcross (M. Cat. ; F. F. W. S. ;

J. E. S., etc.) : Arran (T. R. B.). Has not been taken at Tollcross for a

number of years.

P. madidus, F. — Very abund. and gen. dist.
P. aethiops, Panz. — Mountains ; not c., W. of Scotland (M. Cat.) : Ben

Lomond (F. F. W. S.).
P. vitreus, Dej. — Scarce ; on hills, Ben Lomond (Ent. Ed.) : Whistlefield

(A. F.) : Kilsyth (A. A. D.) : Elvanfoot (W. E.) : Campbeltown ( J. J. W.) :

Arran ; Holy I. (J. E. S.).
P. niger, Schall. — C. and gen. dist.
P. vulgaris, L.— C. and gen. dist.
P. nigrita, F. — Abund. and gen. dist. ; a curious form with clear red femora

occurring rarely at Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
P. minor, Gyll.— Clyde (A. Buchan Hepburn Scot. Nat. iv. 248): Brodick

4/1895 (W. E.).
P. strenuus, Panz.— Not unc. ; Ben Lomond (J. E. S.) : Cambuslang

(A. A. D.) : Lanark (W. E.) : nr. Paisley M. Y., (M. Cat.) : Irvine ; Barr

(A. F.).
P. diligens, Sturm. — Not unc. ; Ardlui ; Whistlefield (A. F.) : Arrochar ;

Lamington (A. A. D.) : Brodick (W. E.).
P. vernalis, Gyll. — R., under stones, Ayr (A. F.).
P. striola, F. — C. and gen. dist.

COLEOPTERA. 275

Amara fulva, Dej. — Sandv places on coast and inland, local, Tollcross

(J. E. S.) : Stevenston ;" Hurlford ; Ayr (A. F.) : Brodick (W. E.) : S. of

Arran (T. E. B.).
A. apricaria, Sturm.— -Scarce, nr. Glasgow (J. E. S.) : W. Kilbride (A. A. D.) :

Ayr (A. F.).

A. consularis, Duft. — Very local, Ayr (A. F.).
A. spinipes, Auct. — Freq., nr. Glasgow (J. E. S.) : Crookston (A. A. D.) :

Shewalton ; Ayr (A. F.) : Innellan (J. E. S.) : Arran (T. E. B.).
A. mfocincta, Dej. — Clyde, very r. (Sharp).

A. bifrons, GijlL— Nr. Glasgow (J.E.S. ; T.G.B.) : Arran (J.E.S. ; T.E.B.).
A. ovata, F. — Occasional, Bowling (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).
A. acuminata, Payk. — Occasional, Glasgow ; Greenock ; Helensburgh ;

Innellan (J. E. S.) : Kilmaurs (W. G.) : Arran (T. E, B.).
A. tibialis, Payk. — E., Paisley district (J. D. ; E. E.).
A. lunicollis, Schiodte. — Scarce, Possil (J. J. K.) : Greenock (J. E. S.) :

Ayr (A. F.).

A. familiaris, Duft. — C., Ayr (A. F.) : and probably other localities.
A. trivialis, Uyti.— Lambh'ill (J. E. S.) : Brodick (W. E.).
A. communis, Panz. — Freq., Bonhill (J. M.) : Bowling ; Irvine (A. A. D.) :

Ayr (A. F.).

A. plebeia, Qyll. — Not unc., Bowling ; Tollcross ; Ayr (A. F.).
Calathus cisteloides, Panz. — C. and gen. dist,
C. flavipes, Fourc. — Local, sandv places ; Stevenston ; Ayr (A. F.) : Irvine

(A.A.D.).
C. mollis, Marsh. — Local, sandy places ; Fairlie ; Stevenston ; Ayr (A. F.) :

Arrau (T. E. B.).
C. melanocephalus, L. — Abund. and gen. dist.

var. nubigena, Hal. — Ayr (A. F.).

C. microptenis, Duft. — Summit of Ben Bhariain, Arran (2330 ft.) (A. F.).
C. piceus, Marsh. — Bather scarce, woods ; Ardlui in numbers (A. A. D.) : nr.

Glasgow (J. E. S.) : Johnstone (A. F.) : Arran, Pirnmill (A. F.) :

Brodick (W. E.).
Taphria nivalis, Panz.—R. ; nr. Govan (W. G.) : Possil (T. G. B.) : Arran

(J. E. S.).
Pristonychus terricola, Herbst. — E., in outhouses, etc. ; Stevenston ; Ayr

(A. F.) : King's Cross, Arran (A. A. D.).
Anchomenus angusticollis, F. — Gen. dist. and locally c.
A. dorsalis, Jfull.—C. and gen. dist.
A. albipes, F. — Abund., margins of streams.

A. margfnatus, L. — Local, nr. Glasgow (J. E. S.) : Paisley (J. D.) : Bishop-
ton ; Irvine (A. A. D.) : Stevenston (A. F.) : Brodick (W. E.).
A. ericeti, Panz.—R., nr. Paisley M. Y., (M. Cat.) : Elvanfoot (W. E.).
A. sahlbergi, Chaud. — Banks of "Clyde below Glasgow by Messrs. Henderson

and Bishop of Glasgow (W. W. Fowler, E.M.M., XII., 264). Now

appears to be extinct in original locality.
A. parumpunctatus, F.— Abund.
A. viduus, Panz.— Brodick 4/1895 ("W. E.).

var. moestus, Duft. — Scarce, Bowling (A. A. D.) : Hurlford ; Ayr

(A.F.).

A. micans, NIC. — Under bark of trees, Possil (T. G. B.).
A. fuliginosus, Panz. — C., margins of pools, etc.
A. gracilis, Gyll. — Eaglesham Moor (J. J.K.) : sparingly nr. Paisley (M.Cat.) :

Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
A. piceus, L. — Local, margins of pools ; Bowling (A. A. D. ; A.F.) : nr.

Glasgow (J. E. S.).

Olisthopus rotundatus, Payk. — Occasional, Ben Lomond (J. E. S.) : Whistle-
field ; Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Stevenston ; Ayr ; Barr (A. F.).

276 COLEOPTERA.

Cillenus lateralis, Sam. — Local ; below high tide mark, shore nr. Dumbarton
(F. F. W. S.) : Bowling (A. A. D. ; A. F.) : Kilpatrick (M. Cat.) : W. Kil-
bride (D. A. B.).

Bembidium rufescens, Gudr. — Local, under bark, Cambuslang (A. A. D. ;
A.F.): nr. Paisley; Bothwell (M. Cat.) : Greenock (J.E.S.) : Ayr(A.F.):
Macrihanish (J. J. W.) : Arran (T. R. B.) : Brodick (W. E.).
B. quinquestriatum, Gyll. — R. Ben Lomond ; Lambhill (J.E.S.) : Barr (A.F.).
B. guttula, F. — Abund., banks of rivers and ponds.

B. mannerheimi, Sahl. — Scarce ; wet places, Bowling (A.A.D.) : Ayr (A. F.).
B. biguttatum, F.— nr. Glasgow (J. E. S.) : Arran (T. R B.).
B. aeneum, Germ. — Local, banks of rivers and on the coast, Bowling (A. A. D. ;

A. F.) : Ayr (A. F.) : Macrihanish (J. J. W.).

[B. articulatum, Panz. — Ben Lomond, Dr. Leach, ' Steph. Illust.' (M. Cat.).]
B. doris, Panz. — Very local, about the margin of a pond, Ayr (A.A.D.; A.F.).
B. lampros, Herbst. — C. and gen. dist.

var. velox, Er. — Nr. Glasgow (A. and M. Soloman, Ent. Wkly. Int. ix. 52).
B. tibiale, Duft. — C., gravelly banks of streams.
B. atrocaeruleum, Steph. — C. ; with the preceding.
B. decorum, Panz. — Local ; gravelly banks of rivers, Carfin (Ent. Ed.) :

Irvine (A. A. D.) : Strathaven ; Barr (A. F.).

B. nitidulum, Marsh.— Local and scarce ; nr. Glasgow (J. E.S.) : Renfrew-
shire (M. Cat.) : Ravenscraig (A. A. D.) : Barr (A.F.).
B. aflin.e, Steph. — Very local and r. ; nr. Glasgow (J. E. S. ; A. and M.

Soloman, Ent. Wkly. Int. ix. 52) : Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Paisley (J. D.).
B. monticola, Sturm. — Occasional on high grounds in Renfrewshire (M. Cat.):

banks of Clyde, nr. Glasgow (A. A. D. ; A. F.).
B. stomoides, Dej. — Very local and r., muddy banks of rivers, Clyde

(A. A. D. ; A. F.) : Avon (A. F.).
B. lunatum, Duft. — Ayrshire (M. Cat.).
B. testaceum, Duft. — Very r. ; amongst gravel on bank of Irvine (A. A. D. ;

A. F.), teste Rev. H. S. Gorham.
B. concinnum, Steph. — Very local ; banks of tidal rivers ; Clyde (A. A. D.) :

Garnock (A. F.).
B. femoratum, Sturm. — Local, Tollcross (A. A. D. ; A. F.) : nr. Paisley (M.

Cat.) : Stevenston (A. F.) : Irvine (A. A. D.).
B. bruxellense, Wesm. — Nr. Glasgow (J. E. S.) : Arran (J. E. S.) : Macrihanish

(J. J. W.).

B. littorale, 01. — Abund. ; banks of streams.
B. pallidipenne, III. — Local and r., maritime; Barassie (J. D. ; A. A. D.) :

Ayr (A. F.) : Macrihanish (J. J. W.) : Arran (T. R. B.).
B. bipunctatum, L. — Scarce. Helensburgh (J. E. S.) : Bowling (A. F.) : nr.

Glasgow (J. E. S.) : Barassie (A. A. D.).
B. punctulatum, Drap. — C. Gravelly banks of rivers.
B. prasinum, Duft. — L. Lomond ; Lanarkshire (M. Cat.).
B. flammulatum, Clairv. — Arran (T. R. B.).

B. paludosum, Panz. — Nr. Glasgow (Peter Cameron, Jim., Scottish Natural-
ist, i., 177).

Tachypus pallipes, Duft. — Clyde, r. (Sharp).
T. flavipes, L. — Local and scarce ; nr. Paisley (M. Cat.) : Renfrew district

(J. S.) : Ayr (W. C. S. Fergusson) : Arran (T. R. B.).
Aepus marinus, Strom. — Local, below stones submerged at high tide ; Gare-

loch (F. F. W. S.) : Bowling (A. A. D. ; A. F.) : Gourock (J. D.).
Trechus micros, Herbst. — Nr. Paisley ; Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Cambuslang ;

Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Macrihanish, rarely, in flood rubbish (J. J. W.).
T. lapidosus, Daws, — Lambhill (J. E. S.) : on shore Row (J. E. S.).
T. rubens, F. — Occasional, nr. Paisley (M. Cat., under paludosus), Arran
(J. E. S.).

COLEOPTERA. 277

T. minutus, /!— Abund. and gen. dist.

var. obtusus, Er. — Ben Lomond (J. E. S.) : Macrihanish, r. in flood

rubbish (J. J. W.) : Tollcross ; Cartside (J. J. K.).
Patrobus excavatus, Paylc. — Not c. ; Ben Lomond (J. E. S.) : Ardlui

(A.A.D.): Bonhill (J. M.) : Govan (W.G.): Ravenscraig (A. A. D ) ;

Stevenston (A. F.) : Brodick (W. E.).
P. assimilis, Chaud. — Clyde, c. (Sharp).
P. septentrionis, Dej. — Inveraray (Ent. Ed.) : sparingly, Ben Lomond

(M. Cat.) : Holy I. (J. E. S.).
Cymindis vaporariomin, L.— Paislev (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt., 1. 135) : Arran ;

Holy I. (J. E. S.).
Lebia chlorocephala, Hojf. — Very r., about broom, nr. Paisley (M. Cat.) :

Ayr, one (W. C. S. Fergusson).
L. crux-minor, L. — Apparently very r. Beaten off a sallow nr. Luss. Mr.

E. Logan. (M. Cat.).
Dromius linearis, 01. — Local, sandy localities, Irvine (A. A. D.) : Ayr

(A. F.).
D. agilis, F. — Not c., under bark, Johnstone (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.) :

Campbeltown (J. J. W.).

D. meridionalis, Dej.— One, Brodick, 4/1895 (W. E., A. S. N. H., 1900, 92).
D. quadrimaculatus, L. — C. and gen. dist., under bark.
D. quadrinotatus, Panz. — Not c., under bark, Possil (J. E. S.) : Hogganfield ;

Ayr (A. F.).

D. nigriventris, Thorns.— Scarce, in tidal refuse, Ayr (A. F.).
Metabletus foveola, Gyll. — R, sandy places, Irvine (A. F.).

Fam. Haliplidae.

Brychius elevatus, Panz. — Kelvin (M. Cat.).

Haliplus confinis, Steph. — Scarce, in pools, Stevenston ; Ayr (A. F.).

H. flavicollis, Sturm. — Local and scarce in stagnant water clinging to sticks,

Bishopton (A. A. D. ; A. F.).
H. fulvus, F. — Not unc. ponds, Possil ; Arran (J. E. S.) : Paisley (M. Cat.) :

Stevenston ; Ayr (A. F.) : Aucha Lochy, Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
H. raficollis, De G.— C., ponds.
H. lineatocollis, Marsh. — C., ponds.
Cnemidotus impressus, F. — Ayrshire. E. Hislop. (Sharp).

Fam. Dytiscidae.
Laccophilus obscums, Panz. — Ponds ; c. nr. Glasgow (M. Cat.) :

Hyphydrus ovatus, L. — South of Arran (T. E. B.).

Coelambus inaequalis., F. — Ponds, Lanarkshire (M. Cat.) : Port Glasgow ;

Ayr (A. F.).
C. confluens, F. — Nr. Paisley (M. Cat.).

C. novemlineatus, Steph. — Local ; lochs ; Tarbert (T. S.) : L. Lomond ;

Bute (M. Cat.): Gareloch (F. F. W. S.) : Aucha Lochy, Campbeltown
(J. J. W.).

Deronectes assimilis, Payk. — Ponds ; Hogganfield, c., 1859 (J. E. S.) : Port
Glasgow, 7/1900 (A. F.) : Bute, in profusion, 1854 (Eev. Hamlet Clark,
Zool. xii. 4529) : Arran (T. E. B.).

D. depressus, F. — Eunning water; Gartnavel (J. E. S.) : Irvine (A. A. D. ;

A. F.) : a dark var. c. in Bute, 9/1854 (Eev. Hamlet Clark, I.e.).
D. duodecimpustulatus, F. — Not unc. ; pools.

Hydropoms pictus, F. — Gartnavel (J. E. S.) : c. nr. Paisley (M. Cat).
H. lepidus, 01.— Local ; pools ; Lanarkshire (M. Cat.) : Giffnock ; Steven-

ston (A. F.) : Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
H. rivalis, Gyll. — Running water ; Possil (J. E. S.) : Ayr (A. F.).

278 COLEOPTERA.

H. septentrionalis, Gyll. — Eunning water ; Fossil ( J. E. S.) : Irvine (A. A. D. ;

A. FA

H. davisii, Curt.— Streams ; Fossil (J. E. S.) : Barr(A.F.) : Allander(T.G.B.).
H. tristis, Payk.— Brodick 4/1895 (W. E.).
H. umbrosus,' Gyll.— Sparingly nr. Paisley, M. Y., (M. Cat.).
H. gyllenhali, Schiodte. — Nr. Greenock (T. S.) : Campbeltown, peaty pools

on high ground (J. J. W.) : Brodick (W. E.).
H. vittula, AY.— Paisley (M. Cat.).
H. palustris, L. — C. ponds.

H. incognitus, Sharp. —One in flood refuse Macrihanish (J. J. W.).
H. erythrocephalus, L. — Ponds ; Ayr (A. F.) : Campbeltown, peaty pools

on high ground (J. J. W.).

H. mfifrons, Duft. — Occasional nr. Paisley (M. Cat.).
H. memnonius, NIC. — By sweeping marshy ground Eavenscraig (A. A. D.):

in a pond, Bishopton (A. F.).

H. obscurus, Sturm. — Campbeltown, peaty pools on high ground (J. J. W.).
H. nigrita, F. — Ponds and streams ; nr. Paisley (M. Cat.) : Tarbert (T. S.) :

Strathaven ; Ayr (A. F.).

H. pubescens, Gytt.—Nv. Paisley (M. Cat.) : Tarbert (T. S.).
H. planus, F.—C. ; ponds.
H. lituratus, ^.—Brodick 4/1895 (W. E.).
H. ferrugineus, Steph. — " I detected a specimen in Mr. Young's collection of

Eenf rewshire Coleoptera " (E. Hislop, Zool. XV. 5856).
H. obsoletus, Aube. — Two in flood rubbish Macrihanish (J. J. W.).
Agabus guttatus, Payk. — C. ; running water.

A. biguttatus, 01. — Eenf rewshire, local (M. Y., L, under fontinalis).
A. paludosus, F. — Eenfrewshire, abund. (M. Y., L). Fowler (British Coleop-
tera, I., 191) states that this species apparently does not occur in the

western districts of Scotland. He seems to have overlooked this record.
A. affinis, Payk. — Nr. Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Eenfrew, local but very

abuud. (M. Y., I.). A. unguicularis has usually been mistaken for this

(Sharp).

A. unguicularis, Tlioins. — Clyde, not c. (Sharp).
A. congener, Payk. — One Eobroyston Bog nr. Glasgow (Eobert Hislop

Zool. XIV., 4956).
A. nebulosus, Forst. — C., ponds.
A. femoralis, Payk.— Nr. Paisley (M. Cat.).

A. arcticus, Pay^.— Eenfrewshire, local, but very abund. (M. Y., L).
A. sturmii, Gyll. — Nr. Glasgow, c. (J. E. S.) : abund. in stagnant water,

Campbeltown (J. J. W.) : Eenfrewshire, very c. (M. Y., I.).
A. chalconotus, Panz. — Eenfrewshire, not very abund. (M. Y., I.).
A. bipustulatus, L.— C., ponds.

Platambus maculatus, L. — Eunning water ; Strathaven ; Irvine (A. F.).
Ilybius fuliginosus, F. — C. ; streams.
I. ater, De (/.—Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Fossil (J. E. S.) : Eenfrewshire, c.

(M. Y, L).

I. obscurus, Marsh.— Clyde, rare (Sharp).
[I. guttiger, Gyll. — Freq. nr. Paisley, M. Y. (M. Cat.) : Eenfrewshire, local

but very abund. (M. Y., I.).]

I. aenescens, Thorns.— E,, Brodick 4/1895 (W. E.).
Rhantus exoletus, Forst.— L. Arklet, 6/1898 (T.S.): "Glasgow; abund.

but local nr. Paisley " (M. Cat.) : Fossil Marsh (J. E. S.) : Eenfrewshire

c. (M. Y., L).
R bistriatus, Bwg.—Ni\ Glasgow and Paisley (M. Cat.) : Fossil Marsh

(J. E. S.) : Eenfrewshire, not very abund. (M. Y., I.).
Colymbetes fuscus, L.— Not unc. ; ponds ; Tollcross (G. W. Ord) : Hamilton

(J. E. S.) : Eenfrewshire (M. Y., I.) : Kilmaurs (W. G.) : Ayr (A. F.).

COLEOPTERA. 279

Dytiscus punctulatus, F. — Not c. ; ponds ; Helensburgh ; Fossil (J. E. S.):

Renfrewshire (M. Y., I.) : Kilmaurs (W. G.) : Ayr (A. F.).
D. marginalis, L. — Not unc. and widely dist. ; ponds.
D. lapponicus, Gyll. — "Clyde, very local. In highland lakes " (Sharp).
Acilius sulcatus^ L. var. scoticus, Curt. — Not unc. ; ponds ; Helensburgh

(J. E. S.): c., Fossil Marsh (F.F.W. S.): Tollcross (G. W. Ord) :

Renfrewshire (M. Y., I.) : Kilmaurs (W. G.) : Stevenston (A. F.).
A fasciatus, De G. — Fossil Marsh, not r. (J. E. S.) : Renfrewshire, local but

abund. (M. Y., I.).

Fam. Gyrinidae.
Gyrinus minutus, F. — Small loch on Dungoin ; nr. Glasgow (J. E. S.) : nr.

Paisley (M. Cat.).

G. natator, Scop. — C. and gen. dist.

G. marinus, Gyll.— Three nr. Balmaha, L. Lomond, 6/1898 (T. S.).
G. opacus, Sahl.—Not c. Tarbert (T. S.) : Glasgow (D. Sharp, E. M. M.,

V. 59). Canal nr. Glasgow and Paisley (M. Cat. under G. marinus,

Gyll.) probably refers to this species.
Orectochilus villosus, Miill. — Local, under stones nr. margins of streams,

L. Lomond ; Kelvin (M. Cat.) : Barr (A. F.).

Fam. Hydrophilidae.

Hydrobius fuscipes, L. — C. stagnant and running water.

H. picicrus, Thorns. — Tarbert (T. S.).

Anacaena globulus, Payk. — Clinging to sticks in ponds and in flood refuse ;

Tarbert (T. S.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Bowling ; Bishopton ; Ayr (A. F.).
Philhydrus melanocephalus, 01. — Nr. Paisley (M. Cat.) : Brodick

(W. E.) : Ailsa Craig (Thomas Scott, Trans. N. H. S. Glas., V., N.S., 158).
P. minutus, F.— Nr. Paisley, r. M. Y., (M. Cat.) : Brodick (W. E.),
Laccobius sinuatus, Mots. — In flood refuse ; Strathaven 8/1900 (A. F.).
L. minutus, L. — Not c. ; stagnant water, Tarbert (T. S.) : Bishopton

(A. A. D. ; A. F.).
L. bipunctatus, F. — Not unc. ; stagnant water, Bishopton (A. A. D. ; A. F.) :

Port Glasgow (A. F.).
Limnebius truncatellus, Thorns. — In flood refuse, and clinging to submerged

sticks, Strathaven 8/1900 (A. F.).
Helophorus rugosus, 01. — Clyde, scarce (Sharp).
H. nubilis, F. — Clay pits, Botanic Gardens, Glasgow, 1859 (J. E. S.).
H. aquaticus, L. — C. running and stagnant water.
H. aeneipennis, Thorns. — Very c. ; running and stagnant water.
H. brevicollis, Thorns. — -C. in similar localities.

H. arvernicus, Muls.— Local ; sandy banks of the Irvine (A. A. D. ; A. F.).
Hydrochus brevis, fferbst.—C. in Cart nr. Paisley (M. Cat.).
H. angustatus, Germ. — Nr. Glasgow (M. Cat.).
Henicocerus exsculptus, Germ. — Flood refuse, Strathaven (A. F.) : Cart

(M. Cat.).

Octhebius bicolon, Germ. — Flood rubbish, Machrihanish, r. ( J. J. W.).
Hydraena riparia, Kug. — Flood rubbish, Strathaven, 8/1900 (A. F.).
H. nigrita, Germ. — Clinging to stones in streams, local, Ayr (A. F.).
H. angustata, Sturm. — Glasgow (W. W. Fowler, Ent. xvii., 162).
Cyclonotum orbiculare, F. — Local, in moss, margins of ponds ; nr. Paisley ;

Kilmun (M. Cat.) : Fossil (T. G. B.) : Ayr (A. F.).
Sphaeridium scarabaeoides, F. — Abund., in dung.
S. bipustulatum, F.— Not unc. ; in clung ; nr. Glasgow ; Blairmore (J. E. S.) :

Ayr (A. F.).
Cercyon littoralis, Gyll. — C., under decaying seaweed on the coast. Three

of a striking var. having elytra pale testaceous with a black spot towards

the posterior of each were taken on the shore at Ayr in 1894 (A. F.).

280 COLEOPTERA.

C. depressus, Steph. — Very r., one on shore at Barassie 6/1899 (A. A. D.).

C. haemorrhoidalis, F.—C., in dung.

C. obseletus, Gyll. — K., one in dung, Ayr (A. F.).

C. flavipes, F. — C., in dung.

C. lateralis, Marsh. — C., in dung.

C. melanocephalus, L. — Abund. and gen. dist.

C. unipunctatus, L- — Fossil (J. E. S.) : by sweeping, Ayr (A. F.).

C. pygmaeus, L. — Clyde, c. (Sharp).

C. analis, Payk. — In vegetable refuse, Cambuslang (A. A. D.) : Paisley

(M.Cat.).
Megasternum boletophagum, Marsh. — In dung, probably c., Strathaven

(A. F.) : Lanark district (W. E.) : Barr (A. A. D.).
Cryptopleurum atomarium, F. — C. in dung.

Fam. Staphylinidae.

Aleochara ruficornis, Gfrav. — Nr. Glasgow (A. and M. Soloman, Ent. Wkly.

Int., IX., 53).

A. fuscipes, F. — Paisley (J. D.).
A. brevipennis, Grav. — Very c. in moss and damp tufts of grass Nov. and

Dec. ; sparingly by sweeping June, Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
var. fumata, Grav. — Clyde (Sharp).
A. lanuginosa, Grav. — C., in vegetable refuse etc.
A. moesta, Grav. — On shore, Ardrossan and Barassie (A. F.).
A. nitida, Grav. — Vegetable refuse; Ardrossan (A. A.D.): Bishopton ;

Irvine ; Ayr (A. F.).

A. grisea, Kr. — On the coast under seaweed, Ayr (A. F.).
A. obscurella, Er. — Not c., under seaweed, Ardrossan ; Ayr (A. F.) : Barassie

(A. A. D.).
Microglossa nidicola, Fairm. — Very r., six by sweeping flowers at Barr

7/1899 (A. A. D.).

Oxypoda spectabilis, Mark. — Clyde, rare (Sharp).
O. lividipennis, Mann. — Bonhill (J. M.).
0. opaca, Grav. — C. in refuse, moss, etc.
O. alternans, Grav. — In fungi, Drymen 9/1900 (A. F.).
0. lentula, Er. — uBy Mr. Morris Young at Paisley," (Ent. Ann. 1864, 38).
0. umbrata, Grav. — Glasgow (M. Cat.).

0. nigrina, Wat. — Found by M. Y. nr. Paisley (Ent. Ann. 1859, 126).
O. longiuscula, Er. — Not unc., Bowling (A. F.) : Glasgow (M.Cat.):

Gitfnock ; Strathaven (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).
O. rupicola, Rye. — Clyde, rare (Sharp).

0. recondita, Kr.— Clyde district (Paisley). (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt., II., 35).
Ocyusa incrassata, Kr. — " Taken by Mr. M. Young nr. Paisley." (Ent. Ann.

1859, 126, under Oxypoda aterrima, Wat.}.
Phloeopora reptans, Grav. — Glasgow (M. Cat.). This is the corticalis, Grav.

of Murray's catalogue.

Ocalea castanea, Er. — Clyde, c. in damp moss (Sharp).
Ilyobates nigricollis, Payk. — Eenfrew district, in moss (J. S.).
Calodera riparia, Er. — Clyde, rare (Sharp).

C. aethiops, Grav. — One by shaking tufts of grass, Ayr (A. A. D.).
Chilopora rubicunda, Er. — Clyde district, Paisley M. Y., (Fowler, Brit.

Coleopt. II., 51).
Myrmedonia humeralis, Grav. — Renfrew district, in moss (J. S. under Pella

humeralis).
Astilbus canaliculatus, F. — Occasional, by shaking moss; Whistlefield

(A. A. D.) : Eenfrew district (J. S.) : Elvanfoot (W. E.) : Garelochhead ;

Ayr ; Barr (A. F.).
Callicems rigidicornis, Er. — Clyde, very rare (Sharp).

COLEOPTERA. 281

Homalota currax, Kr.— One, bank of Garnock, Stevenston (A. F.).

H. gregaria, Er. — Clyde, abund. in varied situations (Sharp).

H. tibialis, Heer. — Clyde, c., Alpine (Sharp).

H. vestita, Grav. — On the coast, Bowling ; Barassie (A. A. D.) : Ardrossan ;

Ayr (A. F.).

H. nitidula, Kr. — Arran (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt. II., 80).
H. oblongiuscula, Sharp. — Clyde, rare (Sharp).
H. puncticeps, Thorns. — Clyde, local, maritime (Sharp).
H. excellens, Kr. — Arran (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt. II., 86).
H. subglabra, Sharp. — Arran (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt. II., 87).
H. circellaris, Grav. — In moss, Milngavie ; Strathaven ; Giffnock (A. A. D.) ;

Lennoxtown ; Jolmstone ; Ayr (A. F.).

H. eremita, Rye. — In moss, Bowling (A. F.): Johnstone (A. A. D.).
H. analis, Grav. — Abund. and gen. dist.

H. depressa, Gyll. — In fungi on a birch stump, Giffnock (A. A. D.).
H. euryptera, Steph. — In vegetable refuse ; Lennoxtown ; Ayr (A. A. D.) :

Cambuslang ; Irvine (A. F.).
H. subterranea, Muls. — "The only specimen I possess is from Paisley and

was given me by Morris Young." (Waterhouse, Zool. XV., 8219).
H. atramentaria, Gyll. — Abund. and gen. dist.
H. longicornis, Grav. — In moss, vegetable refuse etc., Cathkin (A. A. D.) :

Lennoxtown ; Ardrossan ; Irvine ; Ayr (A. F.).
H. sordida, Marsh. — Abund. throughout the area.

H. muscorum, Btis.— Clyde, abund. (Sharp).
H. fungi, Grav. — In moss, abund.

Tachyusa flavitarsis, Sahl. — Banks of streams, Ardrossan ; Barassie

(A. A. D.).

Xenusa sulcata, Kies. — Under seaweed nr. Corrie (Sharp).
Falagria sulcata, Payk. — Glasgow (M. Cat., under sulcatula, Gravenh.) : in

refuse, Barassie (A. F.).
F. obscura, Grav. — In vegetable refuse, Cambuslang; Avr (A. F.): nr.

Paisley M. Y., (M. Cat.).

Autalia impressa, 01.— In decaying fungi, Drymen ; Strathaven (A. F.).
A. rivularis, Grav. — " C. ; low ground, Gareloch " ( W. Henderson, E.M.M.,

II., 88) : Glasgow (M. Cat.).

A. puncticollis, Sharp. — Hills round Gareloch (W. Henderson, E. M. M.,

II. 88).
Encephalus complicans, Westw. — E., in moss, Eenfrew district (J. S.) : Ayr

(A. F.) : Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
Gyrophaena pulchella, Heer. — Very r., about 12 in decaying fungi, Drymen,

9/1900 (A. F.).

Placusa pumilio, Grav. — Nr. Paisley, M. Y., (Ent. Ann. 1859, 127).
P. complanata, Er. — Specimens from Paisley in Mr. Eye's Collection

(Fowler, Brit. Coleopt., II. 161).

P. infima, Er.— Under the bark of felled trees, Cadder (J. J. K.).
Leptusa fumida, Er. — " Eenfrewshire freely " (M. Y., V.).
Sipalia ruficollis, Er. — Under bark, "Eenfrewshire freely" (M. Y., V.):

Bonhill (J. M.) : Milngavie ; Giffnock ; Johnstone (A. A. D.)
Bolitochara lucida, Grav. — Very r., "Glasgow, E. Hislop" (Fowler, Brit.

Coleopt. II. 168) : Eenfrewshire (M. Y., V.).

B. lunulata, Payk. — E. ; Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Paislev (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt.

II. 168).
B. obliqua, Er. — Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Eenfrewshire (M. Y., V.) : in fungi on

old stump, Giffnock (A. A. D.).

Phytosus balticus, Kr.— E., on the coast, Ayr (A. F.).
Diglossa mersa, Hal.— Clyde, very local. Maritime (Sharp).
Myllaena brevicornis, Matthw. — Clyde, in damp places (Sharp).

282 COLEOPTERA.

Gymnusa variegata, Kies. — R., one by shaking moss Bowling (A. F.).

Conosoma pubescens, Grav. — Dumbarton, Mr. Hislop (M. Cat.).

C. lividum, Er.— Cleghorn Gl., Lanark 10/1900 (W. E.).

Tachyporus obtusus, L. — Abund. in moss.

T. formosus, Matth.—'V&ry r., one in tidal refuse Ayr, 1894 (A. F.) : teste

H. S. Gorham : one at Lag, Arran 4/1895 (W. E.).
T. solutus, Er. — Clyde, not c. (Sharp).
T. chrysomelinus, L. — C. in moss.
T. humerosus, Er. — Not unc. ; in moss, Bowling ; Strathaven ; GifFnock

(A.A.D.): Ayr(A.R).
T. tersus, Er. — Clyde, local (Sharp).
T. hypnorum, F. — Abund. and widely dist.

T. brnnneus, F. — In refuse, moss, etc., Cambuslang ; Ayr (A. F.).
Cilea silph.oid.es, L. — Renfrew district, in moss, (J. S. under Tachinus

silphoides).

Tachinus humeralis, Grav.— In fungi, etc. Paisley (J. D.).
T. proximus, A>.— Sheep's dung Ben Lomond, *D. Sharp (Ent. Ann., 1865,

51) : Gareloch, summit of the hills (W. Henderson, E. M. M., II. 88).
T. rufipes, L. — In moss, abundant.

T. subterraneus, L. — In vegetable refuse, Helensburgh (J. E. S.) : Cambus-
lang (A. A. D.) : Renfrew district (J. S.) : Ayr (A. F.).
T. marginellus, F.—C. and widely dist.
T, collaris, Grav. — In moss, Ayr (A. F.).

T. elongatus, Gyll.— Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Tollcross (J. J. X. K.).
Megacronus cingulatus, Mann. — Glasgow (M. Cat.).
M. analis, F. — Scarce ; in moss, Glasgow, (M. Cat.) : Renfrew district

_(J. S.) : Paisley (J. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).

M. inclinans, Grav. — Very r., one amongst dead leaves, nr. Paisley (J. D.).
Bolitobius lunulatus, L.— In moss, Renfrew district (J. S.) : in fungi, Ayr

(W. C. S. Fergusson).
B. trinotatus, Er. — In decaying fungi, Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Renfrew

district (J. S.) : Drymen (A. F.).
Mycetpporus punctus, Gyll. — Clyde, rare (Sharp).
M. lepidus, Grav. — In moss, Ayr (A. F.).
M. nanus, Er.— Paisley M. Y., (Ent. Ann., 1865, 41).
M. clavicornis, Steph. — Renfrew district, in moss (J. S., under promts).
M. splendidus, Grav. — Scarce by shaking tufts of grass, Avr 2/1894

(A. F.).

M. longicornis, Kr. — Clyde, rare (Sharp).
Heterothops binotata, Er— Shore, Brodick B. 4/1895 (W. E.).
Quedius longicornis, Kr. — Recorded doubtfully from Clyde by Sharp.
Q. lateralis,(jrray.— Glasgow (M. Cat.).

Q. mespmelimis, Marsh. — Vegetable refuse, Cambuslang (A. A. D. ; A. F.).
Q. fulgidus, F. — R., one at Lennoxtowu under a stone, 2/1900 (A. A. D.),

teste Rev. H. S. Gorham.

Q. puncticollis, Thorns.— Arran (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt., II. 233).
Q. cinctus, Payk. — In moss and tufts of grass ; Ardrossan ; Ayr (A. F.).
Q. fuliginosus, Grav. — C. and widely dist. in moss.
Q. tristis, Grav. — Not unc., in moss; Ben Lomond (J. E. S., Ent. Wkly. Int.

VI., 60 under frontalis) : Ardlui ; Arrochar ; Campsie, Barr (A. A. D.) :

Bonhill (J. M'.) : Paisley (J. D.) : Tollcross ; Ardrossan (A. F.).
Q. molochinus, Grav. — Not unc. and widely dist. in moss etc.
Q. picipes, Mann. — Glasgow (M. Cat.).
Q. nigriceps, Kr. — Glasgow (M. Cat., under ruficollis, Steph.} : Arran

(T.R.B.).
Q. maurorufus, Grav.—R., Ayr, one by shaking tufts of grass, 10/1895 ;

one in moss, 3/1900 (A. F.).*

COLEOPTERA. 283

Q. umbrinus, Er. — Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Eenfrew district, in moss (J. S.,

under semiobscurus).

Q. suturalis, Kies. — R., two in tidal refuse, Ayr, 3/1894 (A. F.).
Q. scintillans, Grav.—'R., three amongst rubbish on the banks of a burn,

Barassie 5/1899 (A. F.).
Q. auricomus, Kies. — in damp moss nr. streams, local ; nr. Hamilton (M.

Cat.) : nr. Paisley M. Y., (Edward Newman, Zool. XVII., 6792) : Bar-

dowie L. (T. G. B).
Q. rufipes, Grav. — Scarce, in moss and vegetable refuse, Bowling ;

Ardrossan ; Ayr (A. F.) : Fairlie (A. A. D.).
Q. attenuatus, Gyll. — C. and widely dist. in moss.
Q. semiaeneus, Steph. — S. end of Arran (T. R. B.).
Creophilus maxillosus, L. — C. in carcases.

var. ciliaris, Steph. — Shores of Arran (F. F. W. S.).
Leistotrophus nebulosus, /'.—Scarce, Duugoin (J. E. S.) : Barr (A. A. D.) :

Ascog, Bute (T. S.).
Staphylinus pubescens, De G. — Not unc., nr. Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Ayr (W. C.

S, Fergusson).

S. fulvipes, Scop.— Paisley Moss (F. F. W. S.).
S. Stercorarius, 01. — Local and scarce, nr. shore, Ayr 7/1895 (A. F.) : Arran

(M. Cat.) : Ailsa Craig (Ann. And. Nat's. Soc. II., 147).
S. erythropterus, L. — C. and gen. dist.

S. caesareus, Ced&r. — R,, one, shore of L. Lomond 5/1899 (A. A. D.).
Ocypus olens, Mull. — Not unc. ; gardens under stones, nr. Glasgow (J.E.S.):

Tarbert ; Greenock (T. S.) : Ayr (A. F.) : Arran (D. Landsborough Zool.,

I, 31).
0. brunnipes, F. — Scarce ; Glasgow (M. Cat.) : one from Paisley district

(J. D.) : Brodick 4/1895 (W. E.).
0. fuscatus, Grav. — Tollcross (M. Cat.).
0. cupreus, Rossi. — C. and gen. dist.

0. ater, Grav. — C. under stones on turf walls etc., Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
0. morio, Grav. — Under stones. Tarbert (T. S.) : Milngavie (J. E. S.) :

Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Paisley (J. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).
0. compressus, Marsh. — Arran, one "taken by myself" 8/1879 (Fowler, Brit.

Coleopt. II., 258).

Philonthus splendens, F. — R., one from Bonhill (J. M.).
P. laminatus, Creutz. — In moss, dung, etc., Ardlui ; Tollcross (A. A. D.) :

Paisley (J. D.) : Campbeltown (J. J. W.) : Arran (T. R, B.).
P. aeneus, Rossi. — Abundant in moss.

P. proximusrA>. — Paisley (J. D.) : and probably other localities.
P. carbonarius, Gyll. — Scarce; Ardlui; Arrochar; Giffnock (A. A. D.) : teste

Rev. H. S. Gorham.
P. SCUtatus, Er. — Scarce ; in moss, Bonhill (J. M.) : Glasgow district, 1863

(J. E. S.) : Paisley M. Y., (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt. II., 265) : Johnstone ;

Irvine (A. F.) : Campbeltown, r. (J. J. W.).
P. decorus, Grav. — In moss and flood refuse, Ardlui (A. A. D.) : Bonhill

(J.M.) : Cambuslang (A. F.) : Paisley (J. D.) : Greenock (T. S.) : Camp-
beltown (J. J. W.).

P. politus, F. — In moss and under stones, Lennoxtown (A.F.) : Ayr (A.A.D.).
P. lucens, Er. — Clyde, very rare (Sharp).
P. varius, Gyll. — Very c. in moss.
P. marginatus, F. — In vegetable refuse and moss, Ben Lomond (J. E. S.) :

Ardrossan (A. A. D.) : Irvine ; Ayr (A. F.).
P. cephalotes, Grav. — Not unc. ; various situations, Bowling ; Tollcross ;

Cambuslang (A. A. D. ; A. F.).
P. fimetarius, Grav. — Not unc. ; in vegetable refuse, Ardlui ; Ardrossan ;

Ayr (A. F.) : Tollcross ; Bishopton (A. A. D.).

284 COLEOPTERA.

P. sordidus, Grav. — In dung, eta Tollcross ; Cambuslarig ; Ardrossan

(A.A.D. ; A.F.) : Irvine ; Ayr (A. F.).
P. ebeninus, Grav. — Three from Ayr district are referred to this species by

the Rev. H. S. Gorham.

P. fumigatus, Er. — R. One by shaking tufts of grass, Ayr 3/1894 (A. F.).
P. debilis, Grav. — Clyde (Sharp).

P. cruentatus, Gmel. — Renfrew district, in moss (J. S.).
P. longicornis, Steph. — Clyde, in refuse (Sharp).
P. varians, Payk. — In refuse and moss; Arrochar; Irvine (A. A. D.): Bonhill

(J. M.) : Tollcross (A. F.) : Paisley (J. D.) : Ardrossan ; Ayr (A. F.).
P. vernalis, Grav. — R. One amongst refuse on banks of stream, Barassie

5/1899 (A. A. D.).
P. micans, Grav. — R. In flood refuse, Barassie 5/1899 (A. F.) : in moss, Ayr

3/1900 (A. A. D. ; A. F.), teste Rev. H. S. Gorham.
P. trossulus, Nord. — In moss etc., Bowling (A. F.) : Giffnock (A. A. D.) :

Lanark (W. E.) : Ayrshire coast (A. A. D. ; A. F.) : teste Rev. H. S.

Gorham.
P. puella, Nord. — R,, one from Arrochar (A. A.D.): Hamilton (M. Cat.,

under parumpunctatus, Er.) : one from Paisley district (J. D.).
Cafius fucicola, Curt. — R., under decaying seaweed Macrihanish beach

11 /1 895 (J. J. W.).
C. xantholoma, Grav. — Under decaying seaweed, Ardrossan ; Barassie ; Ayr

(A. A. D. ; A. F.) : Brodick (W. E.).
C. sericeus, Holme. — " Very local. Found by Prof. M'Nab nr. Ayr "

(Sharp).
Actobius cinerascens, Grav. — Scarce in flood refuse, Ardrossan (A. F.) : in

damp moss, Ayr 3/1900 (A. A. D. ; A. F.).
Xantholinus fulgidus, F. — Very r., one amongst rubbish, Tollcross 4/1899

(A. F. ; A. S. N. H., 1900, 53).
X. glabratus, Grav. — Scarce ; under stones, Kilsyth (A. A. D.) : Paisley

(J. D.) : Ayr (A.F.).

X. punctulatus, Payk. — Very c. and gen. dist.
X. linearis, 01. — Abund. in vegetable refuse etc.
Baptolinus alternans, Grav. — C. under loose bark.
Othius fulvipennis, F. — C. in moss.
0. laeviusculus, Steph. — Clyde, scarce (Sharp).
O. melanocephalus, Grav. — Scarce in moss, and under stones, Bonhill

(J. M.) : Lennoxtown ; Ayr (A. F.) : Lanark (W. E.) : Barr (A. A. D.).
O. myrmecophilus, Kies. — R., one Lennoxtown 3/1900 (A. A. D.}.
Lathrobium elongatum, L. — Gen. dist. ; in marshy places.
L. fulvipenne, Grav. — C. in various situations.
L. brunnipes, F. — C. in damp moss and tufts of grass.
L. quadratum, Payk. — R. ; wet moss on the margins of a pond nr. Ayr

3/1900 (A.A.D. ; A.F.).

L. multipunctum, Grav. — R., two in moss, Lennoxtown 4/1899 (A. F.).
Stilicus rufipes, Germ. — Renfrew district, in moss (J.S.).
S. orbiculatus, Er. — Renfrew district, in moss (J. S.).

S. affinis, Er. — Not unc. ; moss and refuse, Tollcross ; Cambuslang ; Bishop-
ton ; Ayr (A. F.) ; Lanark (W. E. ; A. S. N. H., 1900, 96).
Evaesthetus scaber, Thorns. — R. ; flood refuse, Bishopton 2/1900 (A. A. D.) ;

Renfrew district, moss (J. S.).

Dianous coerulescens, Gyll. — R. ; damp moss by side of streams, nr. Glas-
gow (M. Cat.) : Barr, one 6/1900 (A. F.) : below Gl. Ashdale waterfall,

Whiting Bay 1856 (J. E. S.) : Bardowie L. (T. G. B.).
Stenus bimaculatus, Gyll. — Renfrew district, in moss (J. S.).
S. Juno, F. — In damp moss, Bowling (A. F.) : Milngavie ; Giffnock ; Ayr

(A. A. D.).

COLEOPTERA. 285

S. guynemeri, Duv. — In some numbers nr. Paisley by Mr. M. Young (Ent.

Ann., 1859, 134) : Bardowie L. (T. G. B.).
S. speculator, Er. — In moss and grass, Milngavie ; Giffnock (A. A. D.) :

Bowling ; Strathaven ; Ayr (A. F.).
S. bupthalmus, Grav. — In wet places, Bowling (A. F.).

S. canaliculatus, Gyll. — R,,one in flood refuse, Bishopton 2 1900 (A. A. D.).
S. pusillus, Er. — Lanark district (W. E.).
S. declaratus, Er. — In moss, Johnstone ; Ayr (A. F.).
S. brunnipes, Steph. — Gen. dist. in moss, flood refuse, etc.
S. ossium, Steph. — Damp places and moss, Milngavie (A. A. D.) : Bowling ;

Ayr (A. F.).
S. geniculatus, Grav. — Gareloch, summit of hills ("W. Henderson, E. M. M.,

II., 88).
S. impressus, Germ. — Freq. in moss, Bonhill (J. M.) : Milngavie ; Crookston

(A. A. D.) : Cambuslang ; Johnstone (A. F.).
S. pubescens, Steph. — Scarce in wet places, Milngavie (A. A. D., A. F.) :

Bowling (A. F.).

S. pallitarsis, Steph. — E., four, banks of Irvine 5 1899 (A. A. D.).
S. bifoveolatus, Gyll. — In damp moss by side of a pond nr. Ayr 3/1900

(A. A. D., A. F.').

S. nitidiusculus, Steph. — Flood refuse, Barassie 5/1899 (A. A. D.).
S. foveicollis, Kr. — "Sharp and Henderson, Gareloch " (Ent. Ann., 1866, 49,

under brevicollis).
S. simllis, Herbst. — In moss and flood refuse, Strathaven ; Ayr (A. F.) ;

Lamington ; Giffnock (A. A. D.).

S. tarsalis, Ljun. — By shaking moss, Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Ayr, c. (A. F.).
S. paganus, Er. — E. ; moss, Milngavie (A. A.D.) : flood refuse, Ayr 3/94 (A. F.).
Bledius arenarius, Payk. — Local but abund. on shore at Barassie (J. D..

A. A. I)., A. F.).

B. subterraneus, Er. — Banks of streams ; Clyde (M. Cat.).
Platystethus arenarius, Fourc. — In dung, Bonhill (J. M.) : Gitfnock

(A. A. D.) : Colintraive (A. F.).

Oxytelus rugosus, Grav. — Abund. in various situations,
var. terrestris, Lac. — Renfrew district, in moss (J. S.).
0. laqueatus, Marsh. — In vegetable refuse, Bonhill (J. M.) : Lamington

(A. A. D.) : Ardrossan ; Ayr (A. F.).

0. sculpturatus, Grav. — In vegetable refuse, Cambuslang (A. F.).
0. maritimus, Thorns. — Local and scarce, on the coast, Barassie (A. A. D..
A. F.) : Ayr (A. F.). One or two of the var. with testaceous elytra have
occurred -with the type at Ayr.
0. nitidulus, Grav.— Irvine, 1899 (A.A.D.).

0. complanatus, Er. — E., one example Irvine Sandhills 1899 (A. A. D.).
0. tetracarinatus, Block. — Abund. in vegetable refuse etc.
Ancyrophorus aureus, Fauv. — Taken by Mr. Waterhouse and Mr. Morris

Young, both at Paisley (Ent. Ann., 1863, 87).
Trogophloeus elongatulus, Er.— E., in damp moss, Giffnock 4/1900 (A. A. D.) :

Ayr 3/1900 (A. A. I)., A. F.).
Coprophilus striatulus, F. — Scarce ; vegetable refuse ; Bonhill (J. M.) ;

Tollcross (A. A. D.) : Cambuslang (A. F.) : Eenfrew district (J. S.).
Deleaster dichrous, Grav. — Very r., West End Park, Glasgow (J. E. S.,
E. M. M., V., 142) ; nr. Glasgow (A. and M. Soloman, Ent. Wkly. Int.,
IX., 53).

var. leachii, Curt. — Very r., one from nr. Paisley (Mr. J. Dunsmore).
Anthophagus testaceus, Grav. — Notunc., Bonhill (J. M.) : Gadder (A. A.D.) :

Barr (A. F.).

A. alpinus, Pai/L — Glasgow ; Ben Lomond (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt., II., 399) :
below Gl. Ashdale Waterfall, Whiting Bay, Arran, 1856 (J. E. S.).

286 COLEOPTERA.

Geodromicus nigrita, Mull. — In damp rnoss by ponds and rivers, one,

Bowling, 1899 (A. F.) : two Irvine, 1899 (A. A. D.).

G. globulicollis, Mann. — Ben Lomond (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt., II., 400).
Lesteva longelytrata, Goeze. — In damp moss ; Bowling ; Irvine

(A. A. D.).
L. sharpi, Rye. — Taken by Dr. Sharp with Mr. Henderson in numbers at

Garelochhead (E. C. Rye, E. M. M., III., 124) : Arran, Mr. Sharp (Ent.

Ann., 1865, 61, under monticola, Kies.).

L. pubescens, Mann. — Nr. Paisley M. Y., (Ent. Ann., 1859, 137).
L. punctata, Er. — In flood refuse, Barassie 5/1899; Bowling (A. F.), teste

Rev. H. S. Gorham.
Acidota crenata, F. — Renfrewshire (M. Y., V.) : Campbeltown "one

only, under a stone at a low elevation, 9/1894" (J. J. W.).
A. cruentata, Mann. — Taken by Mr. R. Henderson crawling on a stone wall

at Glasgow about Nov. 1865 (E. C. Rye, E. M. M., III., 163).
Olophrum piceum, Gyll. — In moss, Garelochhead ; Gourock (A. A. D.) ;

Helensburgh ; Glasgow (J. E. S.) ; Ayr (A. F.) : Brodick (W. E.).
0. fuscum, Grav. — Sparingly in tufts and flood rubbish, Campbeltown

(J. J. W.) : Elvanfoot, 1900 (W. E.).
Lathrimaeum unicolor, Steph. — In flood rubbish and moss, Bonhill (J. M.) :

Ayr ; Barr (A. F.).
Deliphrum tectum, Payk.— Ben Lomond (J. E. S., Ent. Wkly. Int. VI., 60) :

Renfrewshire (M. Y., V.) : r. on hill tops, Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
Arpedium brachypterum, Grav. — One, nr. top of Green Lowther 10/1900

(W. E.).

Micralymma brevipenne, Gyll. — Clyde, very local, maritime (Sharp).
Coiyphium angusticolle, Steph. — Glasgow ; Paisley (F. F. W. S.) : Renfrew-
shire (M. Y., V.).
Omalium rivulare, Payk. — Under a dead bird, Bishopton (A. A. D. ; A. F.) :

Inverkip (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).
0. rugilipenne, Rye. — Very r., two in tidal refuse, Ayr 3/1894 (W. C. S.

Fergusson).
0. laeviusculum, Gyll. — R., in refuse on shore at Barassie, two, 5/1899

(A. A. D. ; A. F.).
0. septentrionis, Thorns.— Gareloch (F. F. W. S.): one, Arran 8/1864 (W.

Henderson, E.M.M., II., 205), its first occurrence in Britain.
0. riparium, Thorns. — Freq. under decaying seaweed, Ardrossan (A. A. D.) :

Barassie ; Ayr (A. F.) : teste Rev. H. S. Gorham.
0. allardi, Fairm. — Taken somewhat plentifully by Mr. Morris Young at

Paisley. (Ent. Ann., 1863, 88).
0. excavatum, Steph. — Clyde, common (Sharp).
0. nigriceps, Kies. — Taken by Mr. Morris Young and Mr. Waterhouse

(presumably at Paisley). (Ent. Ann., 1863, 89).
0. vile, Er. — -Under bark, Lennoxtown ; Canibuslang ; Giffnock ; Johnstone

(A.A.D.).

0. concinnum, Marsh.— Elvanfoot, 9/1900 (W. E.).
0. deplanatum, Gyll. — Clyde in vegetable refuse, local (Sharp).
Anthobium ophthalmicum,Pai$/&.— - In flowers, and hybernating in moss, Ayr

(A. F.) : Barr (A. A. D.).
A. torquatum, Marsh. — In flowers, Bonhill (J. M.) : Ravenscraig

(A. A. D,).
Proteinus ovalis, Steph. — In some numbers under a dead bird Bishopton,

3/1900 (A. A. D. ; A. F.) : under decaying seaweed, Ardrossan (A. F,) :

Cleghorn GL, Lanark, 10/1900 (W,E.).
Megarthrus depressus, Lac. — In dung, Ardlui (A. A. D,),
Phloeocharis subtilissima, Mann. — Under bark, Bonhill (J. M.) : teste Rev.

H. S. Gorham,

COLEOPTERA. 287

Fam. Pselaphidae.

Pselaphus heisii, Herbst. — E., in moss, Ayr (A. F,) : in some numbers,
Barr 4/1900 (A. A. D. ; A. F.) : two at Elvanfoot 9/1900 (W. E.).

Tychus niger, Payk. — E., four nr. Paisley by Mr. Morris Young, and at Ayr
by myself (A. Fergusson, A. S. N. H., 1896, 61).

Bythinus puncticollis, Denny, — Occasional, in moss, Garelochhead ; Giff-
nock (A. A. D.) : Barr (A. F.),

B. bulbifer, Reich. — Occasional in moss, Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Barr (A. F,).

B. curtisi, Denny. — E., one male in moss, Barr 4/1900 (A. A. D.).

B. burrelli, Denny.— Paisley, M. Y. (M.Cat.).

Bryaxis fossulata, Reich. — Clyde, local in marshes (Sharp).

B. haematica, Reich,— Eenfrew district, in moss (.J. S,).

B. juncorum, Leach. — E., three in damp moss on the margins of a pond nr.
Ayr 3/1900 (A. A.D. ; A. F.).

Fam. Scydmaenidae.

Scydmaenus collaris, Mull— Elvanfoot 9/1900 (W. E.).

S. exilis Er.— Paisley, M. Y. (Ent. Ann., 1859, 42).

Eumicrus tarsatus, Miill. — E., in moss, Garelochhead ; Giffnock 4/1900

(A.A.D.).

Eutheia schaumi, Azes.--"Has been taken nr. Glasgow" (Fowler, Brit.
Coleopt., III., 84).

Fam. Leptinidae.

Leptinus testaceus, Miill. — Clyde, very r. about the nests of Bombi
(Sharp) : Paisley (F. F. W. S.).

Fam. Silphidae.

Calyptomerus dubius, Marsh. — Eenfrew district, in moss (J. S.).
Agathidium nigripenne, Kug. — "Local but plentiful nr. Paisley" (M. Cat.) :

Arran(T.E.B.).

A. atrum, Payk. — Not r. near Paisley (M. Cat.).
A. varians, Beck. — E., one in flood refuse Ayr 3/1894 (A. F.).
A. rotundatum, Gyll. — Noticed amongst some Agathidia sent to Mr. E. C.

Eye by Mr. M. Young of Paisley (Ent. Ann., 1863, 92).
Amptiicyllis globus, .F.— Banks of Kelvin (M. Cat. ; F. F. W. S.), but

Dr. Sharp does not include it in his list of Scottish Coleoptera.
Liodes humeralis, Kuq. — In fungi on trees, not unc., L. Lomond (J. E. S.) :

Cambuslang (A. A D.) : Paisley (M. Cat.) : Ayr (A. F.).
Anisotoma picea, III. — " Luss in Scotland beneath a stone. Dr. Leach,

Steph. Illust." (Ent. Ed., 146) : Paisley (M. Cat.).
A. dubia, Kug. — "A few on sandhills, Macrihanish 9/1894" (J. J.W.):

Peaton, L. Long ("W. E.) : Ardrossan and Ayr (A. F.), teste Mr. G. C.

Champion.

A, calcarata, Er. — Shewalton ; Ayr (A. F.) : teste Mr. G. C. Champion.
A. ovalis, Schmidt. — One by evening sweeping, Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
Colensis dentipes, Gyll. — Hamilton ; Paisley (M. Cat.).
Hydnobius, spec, incog. — One taken nr. Leadhills 10/1900 (W. E.).
Necrophorus humator, F. — C., in carcases.
N. mortuomm, F. — Widely dist., in carcases.
N. ruspator, Er. — Probably c. ; in carcases ; Paisley (E. E.) : Campbeltown

(J. J. W.).
N. vespillo, L. — In carcases; Luss (A. A. D.): Paisley (E, E.) : Bishopton

(J. E. S.).
Necrodes littoralis, L.— Scarce ; in a spider's web at Inveruglas (A. A. D.):

Arran, Glen Cloy (J. E. S.) : Brodick {W. E., A. S. N. H., 1900, 97).
Silpha nigrita, Creutz. — Nr. Glasgow ; Helensbiirgh ; Innellan ; Whiting

Bay Arran (J. E. S.).

288 COLEOPTERA.

S. opaca, L. — Scarce; Peaton, L. Long (W. E.) : Bowling (A. A. D.) :

Lanarkshire (M. Cat.) : Ayr (J. E. S., A. F.) : Macrihanish (J. J. W.) :

Brodick (W. E.).
S thoracica, L. — Not unc. ; in carcases, Ben Lomond (J. W. Douglas, Ent.

L, 105) : Greenock (T. S.) : Ayr (A. F.) : L. Bidden (A. A. D.) : Arran

(T. R. B.) : Ailsa Craig (T. S., Trans. N. H. S. of Glasgow, V. N. s., 158).
S. rugosa, L. — Abundant, in carcases.

S. dispar, Herbst.— "Paisley " (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt, III. 52).
S. atrata, L. — C. ; under loose bark and in moss.
Choleva angustata, F. — E., in flood rubbish, Campbeltown (J. J. W.):

under stones, Giffnock 4/1900 (A. A. D.).
C. spadicea, Sturm. — R. in moss, Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
C. agilis, Hl.—R. Clyde district and Arran (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt.,

III. 57).

C. velox, Spence. — Renfrewshire (M. Cat.).
C. fusca, Panz. — In vegetable refuse, Cambuslang (A. F.) : rather c. in

moss, Campbeltown (J. J. W.) : nr. Paisley (M. Cat.).
C. nigricans, Spence. — Scarce in moss, Ayr (A. F.).
C. morio, F. — R., one male in moss, Barr 4/1900 (A. A. D.).
C. grandicollis, Er.—Kic. Paisley (M. Cat.).

C. nigrita, Er. — R., one in vegetable refuse Cambuslang, 1899 (A. A. D.).
C. tristris, Panz. — In various situations, Milngavie ; Bishopton (A. F.):

Bonhill (J. M.): Giffnock ; Inverkip (A. A.D.) : nr. Paisley (M. Cat.).
C. kirbyi, Spence. — Paisley (M. Cat., under Jestinans, Spence).
C. chrysomeloides, Panz. — Scarce, in carcases ; Strathblane (G. W. Ord) :

Lennoxtown (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.) : Campbeltown (J. J. W.) : Brodick

(W. E.).

C. fumata, Spence. — Nr. Paisley (M. Cat.).
Ptomaphagus sericeus, F.—li\ moss, Bowling (A. A. D.) : Ayr ; Barr

(A. F.).

Colon serripes, Sahl. — Paisley, Young (Ent. Ann., 1866, 50).
C. brunneum, Latr. — In moss nr. Paisley (M. Cat.).
C. latum, Kr— Paisley (F. F. W. S.).

Fam. Histeridae.

Hister cadaverinus, Hoff.— Hamilton ; Ayr (J. E. S.) : Brodick (W. E.,

A. S. N. H., 1900, 97).'
H. succicola, Thorns. — In carcases; Arrochar (A. A. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :

Ayr ; Colintraive (A. F.).

H. purpurascens, Herbst. — Clyde, r., in sandy places (Sharp).
H. neglectus, Germ. — One, under a stone Bowling (A. A. D.).
H. bimaculatus, L. — Glasgow (M. Cat.).
Gnathoncus nannetensis, Mars. — Glasgow (M. Cat.).
Saprinus nitidulus, Pay k.— Two from Kilbarchan district (A. M. S.).
S. aeneus, F. — Scarce, Irvine (A. A. D.) : Ayr (J. E. S.).
S. quadristiiatus, Hoff. — Paisley (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt., III., 212).
S. maritimus, Steph.—R., in sandy places on the coast, Ayr 3/1894 (A. F. ) :

Barassie 5/1899 (A. A. D.).
Onthophilus striatus, /".—Ben Lomond (J. E. S., Ent. Wkly. Int., VI., 60) :

Paisley (J. D.) : Colintraive, in dung (A. A. D.).

Fam. Trichopterygidae.

Trichopteryx fascicularis, Herbst. — Clyde (Sharp).
T. sericans, Heer. — Clyde (Sharp).

Ptenidium punctatum, Gyll. — Clyde, maritime (Sharp).
P. evanescens, Marsh. — Clyde (Sharp).

COLEOPTERA. 289

Fam. Coccinellidae.

Subcoccinella 24-punctata, L.— E., Ardpeaton ; L. Long 6/1900 (W. E.) :
A lisa Craig (Ann. And, N. s., II., 147).

Adalia obliterate, L. — Not unc. by beating fir trees, Johnstone (A. A. D.) :
Ayr (A. F.).

A. bipunctata, L. — Abund., and widely dist.

Mysia oblongoguttata, L. — C. on firs.

Coccinella 10-punctata, L. — C. and widely dist.

C. hieroglyphica, L. — Two at Milngavie 9/1898 (A. A. D.) : Douglas, Lanark-
shire 10 1900 (W. E.) : Carapbeltown, r. (J. J. W.).

C. 11-punctata, L. — C., by sweeping.

C. 7-punctata, L. — C., by sweeping.

Halyzia 16-guttata, Z.— Luss (J. E. S., E. M. M., VII., 108).

H. 14-guttata, L. — By sweeping and beating, Johnstone (A. A. D.) : Shewal-
ton ; Barr (A. F.) : Arran (T. E. B.).

H. 18-guttata, L — E., Bonhill (J. M.): Johnstone (A. A. D.) : Bishopton
(A. A. D.).

H. conglobata, /-. — Very r., two by sweeping at Luss 6/1900 (A. A.D.),

Hyperaspis reppensis, Herbst. — One by sweeping, Campbeltown (J. J. W.).

Rhizobius litura, F. — Very scarce, Ayr (A. F.).

Coccidula rufa, Herbst. — Not unc., bv sweeping and in flood refuse, Ayr ;
Barr (A. A. D. ; A. F.) : Brodick 4/1895 (W. E.).

Fam. Micropeplidae.
Micropeplus tesserula, Curt. — Very r., Paisley, M. Y., (Ent. Ann., 1865, 42).

Fam. Nitidulidae.

Brachypterus urticae, F. — By sweeping nettles, Barr (A. F.).

Epuraea aestiva, L.— By beating hawthorn, Luss ; Crookston ; Bonhill

(A. A. D.) : Irvine ; Ayr (A. F.).
E. obselata, .P.— Paisley (M. Cat.).
Soronia grisea, L. — Nr. Glasgow (J. E. S.).
Omosita depressa, L. — E., one clinging to an old sack on shore, Ardlui,

L. Lomond, 5/1899 (A. F.).
0. colon, L. — Irvine (A. A. D.).

0. discoidea, F. — One flying in a street, Ayr 5 1895 (A. F.).
Meligethes rufipes, Gyll, — S. end of Arran (T. E. B.).

M. aeneus, F.—C., in flowers.
M. viridescens, F. — C. in flowers.
M. picipeSy->S^n/;.— Bonhill (J. M.).
M. erythropus, Gyll. — Clyde (Sharp).
Cychramus luteus, F. — Ayrshire (M. Cat.).

Ips quadripunctata, Herbst. — E., Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Johnstone (A. A. D.):
Ayr (A. F.).

1. quadripustulata, L. — Renfrewshire (M. Cat.).

Fam. Trogositidae.
Tenebrioides mauritanicus, L.— In Egyptian wheat, Glasgow (J. E. S.).

Fam. Cucujidae.

Rhizophagus cribratus, Gyll. — Very r., one by sweeping, Ayr, 8/1895
(A. F.) : two under bark, Cumbuslang 1899 (A. A. D.).

R. parallelocollis, Er. — Very r. One from Bonhill (J. M.).

R. dispar, Gyll. — Under bark, Johnstone; Bishopton (A. A. D.): Brodick
(W. E.). l

R. bipustulatus, F.— Possil (J. E. S.).

Silvanus unidentatus, Fab. — One, Paisley district (M. Y., V.).

T

290 COLEOPTERA.

S. bidentatus, /".—One under fir bark, Paisley, M. Y., (Fowler, Brit.
Coleopt., III., 304).

Fam. Monotomidae.
[Monotoma quadricollis, Aube. — Nr. Glasgow. Mr. E. Hislop (M. Cat.).]

Fam. Lathridiidae.

Lathridius lardarius, De Geer. — By sweeping, not unc. : Crookston (A.A.D.):

Ayr (A. F.).
Enicmus minutus, L. — In vegetable refuse etc., Bishopton (A. F.) : King's

Cross, Arran (A. A. D.).
Cartodere filiformis, Gyll. — " Devouring an old Greek author in Paisley,"

M. Y., (M. Cat.).

Corticaria denticulata, Gyll. — Three in tidal refuse, Ayr, 3/1894 (A. F.).
C. elongata, Humm. — One, in moss Giffnock, 4/1900 (A. A. D.).
Melanopthalma fuscuia, Humm. — Ayr (A. F.).

Fam. Cryptophagidae.

Antherophagus nigricornis, /".—Clyde, r., in flowers (Sharp).
A. pallens, Gyll. — One by sweeping, Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
CryptophagUS setulosus, Sturm. — Not unc. in vegetable refuse and by

sweeping, Pollokshields ; Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).
C. saginatus, Sturm. — R. ; one from Lanark (W. E.) doubtfully referred to

this by the Rev. A. Thornley.
C. scanicus, L. — In moss, Giffnock (A. A. D.).
C. dentatus, Herbst. — In vegetable refuse, Cambuslang ; Ayr (A. F.) :

Johnstone (A. A. D.).
C. distinguendus, Sturm. — Verv r., one in flood refuse, Bishopton, 3 1900

(A. F.).

C. cellaris, Scop. — Clyde, rare (Sharp).
Micrambe vini, Panz. — In flood refuse, Barassie (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.) :

Cleghorn Gl., Lanark (W. E.).
Paramecosoma melanocephalum, fferbst.—In flood refuse Strathaven

(A. F.) : nr. Paisley, M. Y., (M. Cat.).
Atomaria umbrina, Er.— Paisley (M. Cat.).
A. elongatula, Er— Clyde, very rare (Sharp).
A. longicornis, Thorns. — Paisley (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt, III., 334).
A. fuscipes, Gyll. — Clyde, common (Sharp).
A. peltata, Kr. — Very r,, Clyde district, Paisley, M. Y., (Fowler, Brit.

Coleopt, III., 336).

A. fuscata, Schon. — In moss, Giffnock (A. A. D.).
A. berolinensis, Kr. — Clyde, local (Sharp).
A. gibbula, Er. — Low ground, Garelochhead (W. Henderson, E. M. M.,

II., 88).

A. analis, Er. — Clyde, local (Sharp).
A. ruficornis, Marsh. — Clyde, rare (Sharp).
A. versicolor, Er. — Clyde, rare in dung (Sharp).
Ephistemus globosus, Waltl. — Clyde, rare in dung (Sharp).
E. gyrinoides, Marsh, var. dimidatus, Sturm. — Renfrew district, in moss

(J. S. under confinis).

Fam. Mycetophagidae.
Typhaea fumata, L.— Clyde, local (Sharp).

Fam. Byturidae.
Byturas tomentosus, F. — Greenock (J. E. S.).

COLEOPTERA. 291

Fam. Dermestidae.
Dennestes lardarius, L. — Clyde, rare (Sharp).

Fam. Byrrliidae.

Byrrlius pilula, L. — In moss ; Ben Lomond (J. E. S., Ent. Wkly. Int., VI., 60) :
Bonhill (A.A.I).): Greenock ; Whiting Bay, Arran (J. E. S.) : Ailsa
Craig, W. C. S. Fergusson (Trans. N. H. S. of Glasg., V., N. s., 158).

B. fasciatus, F. — Scarce, Ben Lomond (J. E. S., Ent. Wkly. Int., VI., 60) :
Hamilton (J. E. S.) : Irvine (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).

B. dorsalis, F. — R., sandy localities, one Irvine (A. A. D.) : one Ayr (A. F.).

Cytilus varius, F.—C.> in moss.

Morychus aeneus, F. — Scarce, sandy localities, Stevenston (A. F.) : Irvine
(A. A. D. ; A. F.).

Simplocaria semistriata, F. — Not unc., Ben Lomond (J. E. S., Ent. Wkly.
Int., VI., 60) : ur. Glasgow (J. E. S) : Lanark (W. E.): Ayr (A. A. D.).

Fam. Parnidae.
Elmis aeneus, Miill.— Clinging to stones immersed in streams, local but c.

where it occurs, Ayr (A. F.).
E. volkmari, Panz. — Local and scarce in similar situations, nr. Glasgow

(J. E. S.) : Cart, (M. Cat.) : Ayr (A. F.).

E. parallelopipedus, Miill. — Clyde in streams, not unc. (Sharp).
Parnus prolifericornis, F. — Margins of streams and ponds, Bonhill (J. M.) :

Port Glasgow (A. F.) : Arran ; Glen Cloy (J. E. S.) ; Pirnmill (A. F.).
P. auriculatus, Panz. — In similar situations, Elvanfoot (W. E.) : Stevenston ;

Ayr ; Barr (A. F.).

Fam. Heteroceridae.
Heterocerus marginatus, F.— Nr. Cambuslang (M. Cat.).

Fam. Scarabaeidae.

Onthophagus nuchicornis, L.— Ayrshire, Mr. J. P. Duncan (M. Cat.).
Aphodius erraticus, L. — S. end of Arran (T. R. B.).
A. fossor, L.— Scarce, in dung ; Garelochhead ( J. E. S.) : Dundonald (A. A. D. ;

A. F.) : Whiting Bay, Arrau (J. E. S.).

A. foetens, F.—In sheep's dung, Macrihanish 7/1895 (J. J. W.).
A. fimetarius, L. — Abund. and widely dist.
A. ater, De. G. — Abund. and widely dist.

A. nitidulus, F. — In sheep's dung, Macrihanish 7/1895 (J. J. W.).
A. sordidus, F.—lu sheep's dung, Macrihanish 7/1895 (J. J. W.).
A. mfescens, F. — Ayr (A. F.) : in sheep's dung, Macrihanish 7/1895 (J. J. W.):

Arran (T. R. B.)."
A. lapponum, Gyll.—Ben Lomond (J. E. S., Ent. Wkly. Int., VI., 60) : on

the hills behind Greenock (J. E. S.) : plentiful on high ground, Campbel-

town (J. J. W.).

A. foetidus, F.— Plentiful on high ground, Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
A. putridus, Stur/n.— Plentiful on high ground, Campbeltown (J. J. W.)
A. merdarius, /".—Not c., Irvine (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).
A. tessulatus, Pa*/k. — S. end of Arran (T. R, B.).
A. punctato-sulcatus, Stm. — C. and widely dist.
A. prodromus, Brahm. — C. aud widely dist.
A. contaminate, Herbst.—Sic. Glasgow (J. E. S.) : Kilsyth (A. A. D.) :

Whiting Bay, Arran (J. E. S.) : probably c.
A. luridus, ^.—Scarce; Irvine (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.) : on high ground,

Campbeltown (J. J. W.) : Arran (T. R. B.).
.A. rufipes, L. — Abund. and widely dist.
.A. depressus, Kug. — Abund. and widely dist.

292 COLEOPTERA.

Aegalia sabuleti, Payk. — Not c., Cambuslang (A. F.) : Irvine (A. A. D., A.F.).
Ae. arenaria, F. — Sandy places on the coast, Irvine (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).
Geotrupes typhoeus, L. — Very local ; on a moor by the side of the road from

Brodick to Lamlash (W.E., A. S. N. H., 1895, 198): S. end of Arran

(T.R.B.): Irvine Moor by Mr. Thos. Wilson (A. S. N. H., 1897, 47):

since taken in the latter locality by (A. A. D. & A. F.).
G. stercorarius, L. — C. and widely dist.
G. sylvaticus, Panz. — Dubh Lochan nr. L. Lomond (J.E.S.) : Ardlui (A. F.) :

Glenmallan (A. A. D.) : Kilbarchan (A. M. S.) : Greenock (T. S.) : Arran

(J. E. S. ; T. E, B.).
G. vernalis, L. — Ben Lomond (M. Cat.): Elvanfoot (W. E.) : Brodick

several 4/1895 (W. E.) : Holy I. (J. E. S.).

Hoplia philanthus, Fuss. — Very r., three at Catacol, Arran 7/1855 (J. E. S.).
Serica brunnea, L. — Freq. ; Greenock (J. E. S.) : Skelmorlie (T. S.) : W.

Kilbride (D. A. B.) : Ayr (A. F.) : Elvanfoot (W. E.) : Macrihanish

(J. J. W.).

Melolontha vulgaris, F. — Lanark ; Sorn (M. Cat.) : Paisley one (J. I).).
M. hippocastani, F. — Hamilton (M. Cat.) : Cadzow Forest ; Ayrshire (Robert

Hislop, Zool., XIII., 4924) : c. spring 1895, Ayr (Thos. Wilson ; A. F.).
Phyllopertha horticola, L. — C. ; L. Eck (J. E. S.) : Ardlui ; Arrochar

(A. A. D.) : W. Kilbride (I). A. B.) : Troon (Mr. Ross).
Anomala frischii, F. — R. ; on bushes, Ayrshire (M. Cat.) : Stewarton

(W. G.) : Irvine 7/1900 (A. A. D. ; A. F.).'
Cetonia aurata, L. — R. ; on ragwort L. Ridden (A. A. D.): Ayrshire

(M. Cat.).
C. floricola, Herbst.— R,, one at Tarbert 8/1896 (G. W. Ord) : Ormidale,

one (T. S.).

Fam. Throscidae.
Throscus dermestoides, L.- -Paisley and Glasgow (M. Cat.).

Fam. Elateridae.

Lacon murinus, L. — Scarce, by sweeping, Prestwick (A. F.) : Whiting Bav,

Arran (J. E. S.).

Cryptohypims riparius, F.— C. and widely dist.
C. dermestoides, Herbst. — Not unc. ; gravelly banks of streams Strathaven

(A. F.) : Barr (A. A. D. ; A. F.).

var. quadriguttatus, Lap. — With the type, Barr (A. A. D. ; A. F.).
Elater balteatus, L. — Local but not unc., by sweeping, L. Eck ; Robroyston

(J. E. S.) : Renfrew, and Lanark. (M. Cat.) : Irvine (A. A. D.) : Shewal-

ton ; Barr (A. F.).

Melanotus rufipes, Herbst. — R. ; one by sweeping at Luss 6/1900 (A. A. D.).
Athous niger, L. — Not unc., by sweeping in summer ; Ardlui (A. A. D.) :

Bonhill (J. M.) ; Ayr (A. F.) : Greenock ; Whiting Bay, Arran (J. E. S.).
A. haemorrhoidalis, F. — Very c., by sweeping, May to Aug.
A. vittatus, F. — By sweeping, L. Eck (J. E. S.) : Pirnmill, Arran (A. F.).
Limonius cylindricus, Payk. — Local and scarce, in sandy localities, Irvine

(A. A. D. ; A. F.).
Sericosomus brunneus, //.—Local and scarce, Bishopton (J. D. ; A. A. D.) :

L. Eck (J. E. S.) : r. on summit of Bengullion, Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
Adrastus limbatus, F. — R. ; one by sweeping at Shewalton 7/1900 (A. F.).
Agriotes sputator, L. — R. ; one nr. Greenock (T. S.).
A. obscurus, L. — Abund. under stones.
A. lineatus, L. — R. One in moss, Ayr, 12/1895 (A. F.).
A. pallidulus, 111. — By sweeping under trees, f req., Luss (A. A. D.) : Peaton,

L. Long (W. E.) : Bonhill (J. M.) : Crookston (A. A. D.) : Ayr ; Barr

(A. F.) : Colintraive (A. A. D.).

COLEOPTERA. 293

Dolopius marginatus, L. — C. by sweeping.

Corymbetes cupreus, F. — Freq. by sweeping hilly ground, Luss ; Colin-

traive (A. A. D.) : Kilbarchan (A.M. S.): Garelocbliead ; Greenock ;

sparingly, slopes of Bengullion, Campbeltown ; Whiting Bay (J. E. S.) :

Barr ; Pirnmill (A. F.).
var. aeruginosus, F. — With the type, Luss (A. A. D.) : Paisley (J. D.) :

Kill-archan (A. M. S.) : Pirnmill, Arran (A. F.).
C. tessellatus, F. — Scarce, by sweeping, Ardlui ; Irvine (A. A. D.) : Gare-

lochhead ; Greenock ; Whiting B. (J. E. S.): Dunoon (M. Cat.) : Brodick

(W. E.)
C. quercus, Gyll. — By beating and sweeping, c.

var. ochropterus, Steph. — With the type, c.
C. aeneus, L. — R., one nr. Greenock (T. S.).
Campylus linearis, L. — By beating, scarce, Cambuslang ; Johnstone

(A. A. D.) : Ayr ; Barr (A. F.). Colour very variable.

Fam. Dascillidae.

Dascillus cervinus, L. — By sweeping hilly pasture, nr. Ben Lomond (Ent.

Ed.) : Glenmallan (A. A. D.) : Greenock (J.E.S.) : Kilbarchan (A.M.S.):

Ayr ; Barr (A. F.) : scarce, Campbeltown (J. J. W.) : Holy I. (J. E. S.).
Helodes minuta, L. — Bv sweeping ; Arrochar ; Cambuslang ; Ravenscraig

(A. A. D.) : Ayr ; Barr (A. F.).
H. marginata, F. — By sweeping ; Milngavie ; Cambuslang (A. A. D.) :

Campbeltown (J. J. W.) : Colintraive ; Pirnmill, Arran (A. F.).
Microcara livida, F. — By sweeping, Bishopton (A. A. D.).
Cyphon coarctatus, Payk. — Clyde, c. (Sharp).
C. nitidulus, Thorns. — By sweeping ; Bonhill (J. M.) : Bishopton (A. A. D.) :

Ayr (A. F.).
C. variabilis, Thunb. — Bv sweeping : Bonhill (J. M.): Whistlefield; Ravens-

craig (A. A. D.) : Ayr; Barr (A. F.).

C. pallidulus, Boh.—R., two, Ravenscraig, 6/1899 (A. A. D.).
Hydrocyphon deflexicollis, Mail. — Scarce by sweeping herbage beside

streams, Irvine ; Barr (A. F.).

Fam. Malacodermidae.

Lampyris noctiluca, L. — Local and scarce, Tarbert (T. S.) : Kilmalcolm

(A. F.) : Girvan district (G. W. Ord, A. S. N. H., 1892, 240) : Barr (A.F.).
Podabrus alpinus, Payk. — Hamilton (M. Cat.).
Telephorus rusticus, Fall. — Nr. Glasgow (J. E. S.) : Renfrew district in. cop.

with T. lividus (J. S., Zool. XL, 3919) : Greenock (J. E. S.).
T. lividus, L. — Occasional, by sweeping, Arrochar (A. A. D.) : nr. Glasgow ;

Greenock (J. E. S.) : Renfrew district (J. S., Zool., XL, 3919): Irvine;

Ayr (A. F.).
T. pellucidus, F. — Occasional, Bonhill (J. M.) : Crookston (A. A. D.) :

Greenock (J. E. S.) : Barr (A. F.).
T. nigricans, Mull — C., by sweeping.

var. discoideus, Steph. — With the type, c.
T. lituratus, F. — Two specimens, Bonhill (J. M.).
T. darwinianus, Sharp. — S. end of Arran (T. R. B.).
T. flguratus, Mann. — Clyde, local (Sharp).
T. bicolor, F.— C., by sweeping.
T. paludosus, Fall.— Loco,] and scarce, Ravenscraig, 6/1899 (A. A. D.) : Barr

by sweeping, 6/1896 (A. F.) : Campbeltown, r. on flowers of Mountain

Ash, June (J. J. W.).

T. flavilabris. Fall— 'Locally c., Ayr ; Barr (A. F.).
Bhagonycha fulva, Scop. — Abund., by sweeping.
R. testacea, L. — Greenock (J. E. S.).

294 COLEOPTERA.

R. limbata, Thorns. — C. and widely dist.

R. pallida, F. — Not so c. as preceding; Glasgow; Greenock (J. E. S.): John-
stone (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A.F.) : Arran (T. R. B.).

Malthinus punctatus, Fourc. — Clyde, not rare (Sharp).

Malthodes marginatus, Latr. — Not imc., by sweeping, Cambuslang
(A. A. D.) : Avr ; Barr (A. F.).

M. guttifer, Kies.—R., Garelochhead (D. Sharp, E.M.M., Y., 19).

M. dispar, Germ. — Campbeltown, c. by sweeping (J. J. W.) : specimens from
Crookston (A. A. D.), and Pirnmill, Arran (A. F.) doubtfully referred to
this by Rev. A. Thornley.

M. minimus, L. — By sweeping, Ayr (A. F.).

Fam. Ptinidae.

Niptus hololeucus, Fold. — In presses in old houses, Bonhill (J. M.) :
Greenock (J. E. S.) : Ayr (A. F.) : in Egyptian wheat, Glasgow (J. E. S.).
Anobimn domesticum, Fourc. — In old wood* in houses, Ayr (A. F.).
Ernobius mollis, L. — In numbers in palings, Glasgow 1866 (J. E. S.).

Fam. Cissidae.

Cis boleti, Scop. — In fungi on trunks of trees, palings, etc., Bonhill (J.M.) :

Fossil (J. E.S.) : Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Barr (A. F.).
C. bidentatus, 01. — Glasgow (M. Cat.).
C. nitidus, Herbst.— Fossil (J. E. S.).

C. fuscatus, MelL--An immature example, Brodick 4/1895 (W. E.).
Octotemnus glabriculus, Gyll. — Scarce in fungi on trunks of trees, Giffnook

(A. A. D.) : Barr (A. A/D. ; A. F.).

Fam. Cerambycidae.

Aromia moschata, L. — One in a florist's shop in Glasgow, imported (A. A. D.).

Asemum striatum, L. — Palings and old posts at Renfrew (J. S., Zool.,
VIIL, 2885).

Clytus arietis, L. — Lanarkshire ; Hamilton, Mr. J. Blyth ; nr. Carnwath,
Mr. A. Hepburn, (M. Cat.).

Rhagium inquisitor, F.— Tarbert (T. S.) : L. Eck (J. E. S.) : Douglas,
Lanarkshire, many in rotten birch 11/1900 (J. E. S.).

R. bifasciatum, F.—C. in decaying trees.

Strangalia quadrifasciata, L. — R. ; one on a flower in a garden, L. Ridden
(A. A. D.) : Arran (F. F.'-W. S).

S. armata, Herbst. — Extremely r., Gl. Cloy, Arran 865 (J. E. S.).

Acanthocinus aedilis, L. — Introduced. In a pit, Coatbridge (Thos. Chap-
man, E.M.M., VI., 89) : in railway carriage on Greenock line (Trans.
N.H.S. of Glasgow, II., 1): on a wall, Ayr (A. F., Trans. N. H. S. of
Glasgow, V., N.S., 136) : Kilbarchan, in wood yard (A. M. S.).

Fam. Bruchidae.

Bruchus pisi, L. — In pease, imported, Bonhill (J. M.) : Glasgow, Mr. Hislop

(M. Cat.).
R. runmanus, Boh. — Local and scarce, by sweeping vetches nr. Ayr (A. F.).

Fam. Chrysomelidae.

Orsodacna lineola, Panz. — Paisley specimens sent to Mr. G. C. Chapman,

F.Z.S., by Mr. J. Dunsmore in" 1877 (E.M.M., IX., N.S., 175).
Donacia crassipes, F. — On Nymphaea alba, L. Loskin, Kirn 1860 (J.E.S.).

D. versicolorea, Brahm. — R., one at Possil (Mr. Ross) : one in moss, Avr

12/1895 (A.F.).

D. dentipes, /".—Glasgow (M. Cat.).
D. bicolora, Zsch. — Nr. Milngavie ; nr. Glasgow (M. Cat.).

COLEOPTERA. 295

D. impressa, Payk.— Ayrshire, Mr. Hardy (M. Cat.). Dr. Sharp states that

he has some doubts whether this is properly recorded as D. impressa.
D. simplex, F. — Not unc. by sweeping in wet places, Garscube (J. E. S.) :

Crookston (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).

D. vulgaris, Zsch. — Nr. Glasgow, Mr. E. Hislop (M. Cat.).
D. clayipes, F. — E., amongst reeds, Ardlui 6/1900 (A. A. D.).
D. sericea, L. — Not unc., on bog bean and grasses in wet places.
D. discolor, Panz. — Nr. Glasgow ; Greenock ; L. Eck (J. E. S.) : Brodick

(W. E., A. S. N. H., 1900, 99).
Lema lichenis, Voet.—Q. and gen. dist.
L. melanopa, L. — Occasional, by sweeping, L. Eck (J.E.S.) : Irvine (A. A.D.):

Ayr ; Barr (A. F.).
Crypt ocephalus moraei, L. — E., two females by sweeping at Shewalton

7/1895 (A. F., A. S. N. H., 1896, 61).
C. labiatus, L. — Nr. Paisley (M. Cat.).
Timarcha violaceonigra, De G. — Very r., one from Stewarton district

(W. G.).

Ckrysomela banksi, F. — Ayrshire, Dr. G. M'Nab (M. Cat.).
C. staphylea, L.— C., by sweeping.
C. polita, L. — C., by sweeping.
C. haemoptera, L.— E., Stewarton, by Mr. W. Gilmour (A. S. N. H., 1899,

115). There is probably a mistake as to the locality in this record as

the species occurs near the coast.
C. varians, Schall.— Scarce, Bonhill (J. M.) : L. Eck (J. E. S.) : Gl. Cloy,

Arran (J. E. S.) : S. end of Arran (T. E. B.).
[C. menthrasti, Sujfr. — Arran (M. Cat., under fulgida). Dr. Sharp states in

his catalogue that the records of C. fulgida and Graminis in Murray's

Catalogue perhaps refer to this species],

C. hyperici, Forst. — E., Eothesay (M. Cat.) : King's Cross, Arran, bv sweep-
ing 7/1 900 (A. A.D.).

Melasoina aeneum, L. — Scarce, two by shaking moss, Johnstone (A. A. D.).
Phytodecta olivacea, Forst. — Not unc. on broom, Ayr (A. F.).

var. litura, F. — Barr (A. A. D.).
Gastroidea viridula, De G. — Paisley (E, E.) : Glasgow ; Greenock ; Blairmore

(J. E. S.).
G. polygon!, L. — Not unc., by sweeping in summer and in moss in winter,

Irvine (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.) : Pirnmill, Arran (A. F.).
Phaedon tumidulus, Germ. — Very c. and widely dist.
P. annoraciae, L. — Local and scarce, Helensburgh (J. E. S.) : on Iris pseuda-

corus? Shewalton 7/1895 (A. F.).
P. cochleariae, F. — Local, on plants on muddy flats, below high tide mark,

Bowling (A. A. D. ; A. F.).
P. concinnus, Steph. — Clyde, local (Sharp).
Phyllodecta vitellinae, Z. — Very c. on willows.
Hydrothassa aucta, F. — By sweeping in summer and in moss in winter,

Glasgow (M. Cat.): Strathaven (A. A. D.) : Ayr ; Barr (A. F.) : Black -

waterfoot, Arran 4/1895 (W. E.).
H. marginella, L. — Nr. Glasgow (J. E. S.) : Lamington (A. A. D.) : Paisley

(J. D.).
Prasocuris phelandrii, L. — Locally c. Milngavie (A.A.D.): Possil (J.E.S.):

Eenfrew district (J. S.) : Ayr, in moss (A. F.).
Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata, L. — Has more than once been found nr.

Glasgow (Sharp).

Luperus rufipes, Scop. — Scarce, Blairmore (J. E. S.) : Strone (E. H.).
L. flavipes, L. — Scarce, L. Eck (J. E. S.) : Barr by sweeping (A. F.).
Lochmaea capreae, L. — Eobroyston ; Greenock ; Helensburgh ; L. Eck

(J. E. S.).

296 COLEOPTERA.

L. SUturalis, Thorns.- -C. on heather. A fine black var. occurred commonly

at Irvine 4/1900 (A. A. D. ; A. F.).
Galerucella nymphaeae, L. — Scarce, Milngavie (A. A. D.) : Fossil, three

examples of a fine black var. (A. A. D.).
GK tenella, L. — Scarce ; by beating birches etc. Luss (A. A. D.) : Colintraive

(A. F.) : Elvanfoot (W. E.) : Barr (A. F.).
Adimonia tanaceti, L. — Kilbarchan district (A. M. S.).
Longitarsus holsaticus, L.— Dunoon (M. Cat.).
L. luridus, Scop. — Scarce ; by sweeping in summer, in moss in winter, type,

Luss ; Barrhead (A. A. D.) : pale form, Ayr (A. F.) : melanic form,

Bishopton ; Barr (A. F.) : Cleghorn Gl., Lanark (W. E.).
L. suturellus, Duft. — In flood refuse, Strathaven 3/1900 (A. F.).

var. fuscicollis, Steph. — By sweeping in autumn and in moss in winter,

Bonhill (J. M.) : Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Cleghorn Gl., Lanark (W. E.) :

Ayr (A. F.) : King's Cross, Arran (A. A. D.).
L. melanocephalus, All. — C. by sweeping and in flood refuse, Strathaven;

Ayr ; Pirnmill, Arran (A. F.) : Crookston ; King's Cross (A. A. D.).
L. jacobaeae, Wat. — On ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), c., Bonhill (J. M.) :

Strathaven ; Ayr (A. F.) : Kind's Cross, Arran (A. A. D.).
L. laevis, Duft.— One in flood refuse, Strathaven 8/1900 (A. F.).
Haltica oleracea, L. (?). — Shewalton, by sweeping 7 & 9/1895 (A. F.).
H. pusilla, Duft. — Not unc., by sweeping, May to July, Whistlefield ; Bon-
hill (A. A.'D.) : Ayr ; Barr ; Pirnmill, Arran (A. F.).
Phyllotreta undulata, Kuts. — Freq. ; by sweeping in summer, in moss in

winter, Bonhill; Milngavie; Giffnock ; Strathaven (A. A. D.): Lanark

(W. E.) : Shewalton ; Barassie ; Ayr ; Barr ; Pirnmill (A. F.).
P. nemorum, L. — Nr. Glasgow ; Greenock (J. E. S.).
P. flexuosa, III.— Nr. Glasgow (M. Cat.).
P. sinuata, Steph. — R, by sweeping, Luss 6/1900 (A. A. D.).
-P. exclamationis, Thunb. — Local and scarce, in moss, Feb. & March, Ayr

(A. A. D. ; A. F.).
Apthona nonstriata, Goeze. — On Iris pseudacorus, May- July, W. Kilbride

(D. A. B., Trans. N. H. S., Glasgow, II., N. s., XXXIV.) : Ayr (A. F.) :

Colintraive (A. A. D.): Pirnmill, Arran (A. F.) : Brodick (W. E.).
Sphaeroderma testaceum, F. — C. on thistles. A melanic form occurs on

the shore at Ayr along with the type (A. F.).
S. cardui, Gi/ll. — Not unc. on thistles, Shewalton (A. F.) : Dundonald

(A. A. D. ; A. F.).
Apteropoda orbiculata, Afarsh.— lSr. Glasgow ; Dumbarton (M. Cat.) : two,

Cleghorn GL, Lanark 10/1900 (W.E.).
Mniophila muscomm, Koch. — Plentiful nr. Both-well (M. Cat): scarce by

sweeping, Shewalton and Ayr, July : in moss ; Barr, April (A. F.).
Mantura rustica, L. var. suturalis, Weise. — Scarce by sweeping May and

June, Irvine ; Ayr (A. F.).

Crepidodera transversa, Marsh.— C. by sweeping rushes, June to Aug.
C. femiginea, Scop. — By sweeping rushes, June and July, Barr (A. A. D. ;

A. F.).
C. rufipes, L. — Local, by sweeping in June, Crookston (A. A.D.): Barr

(A. F.).

[C. helxines, L.— Glasgow (M. Cat.)].

C. aurata, Marsh. — Very r., one by sweeping at Bonhill 7/1900 (A. A. D.).
Hippuriphila modeeri, L. — Verv scarce, by sweeping, Barr 7/1899 ; flood

' refuse Bishopton 2/1900 (A. A. D.).
Chaetocnema hortensis, Fourc. — R., two by sweeping, King's Cross, Arran

8/1900 (A. A. D.).
Plectroselis concinna, Marsh. — In moss in winter, by sweeping in summer,

Bonhill (J. M.) : Crookston ; Bishopton (A. A. D.) : Ayr ; Barr (A. F.).

COLEOPTERA. 297

Psylloides chrysocephala, L. — Not c., bv sweeping, Paisley (J. D.) : Irvine
(A. A. D.) : Shewulton ; Ayr (A. F.). '

P. marcida, III. — E., one by sweeping, Ayr (A. F.).

P. chalcomera, III. — E., one by sweeping, Luss 6/1900 (A. A. D.).

P. picina, Marsh. — Scarce, by sweeping, Bonhill (J. M.) : Ayr, June (A. F.).

Cassida flaveola, Thunb. — Not unc., by sweeping, Carapsie (J. E. S.) : Glas-
gow (M. Cat.) : Ayr : Colintraive (A. F.).

C. viridis, F.—On thistles, Troon (A. E.) : Ayr ; Barr (A. F.) : Arran,
Whiting Bay (J. E. S.) ; King's Cross (A. A. D.).

C. hemisphaerica, Herbst. — Verv r., one crawling on a sandhill, Irvine
0 1900(A.F.).

Fam. Tenebrionidae.
Blaps mucronata, Latr. — Scarce, in cellars and outhouses, Bonhill (J. M.) :

Paisley (R. E.) : Greenock (T. S.).
Heliopathes gibbus, F. — Very local, in sandy places nr. coast, Ayrshire, Mr.

J. P. Duncan (M. Cat.) : Irvine ; Prestwick (A. F., Trans. N. H. S.,

Glasg., V. N. s., 136).

Alphitobius diaperinus, Panz. — Clyde (Sharp).
A. piceus, (rf.—Iu a loaf in Glasgow. M. Hislop (M. Cat,).
Gnathpcerus cornutus, /I— Paisley, in grain store (E. E.).
Tribolium ferrugineum, F. — In Egyptian wheat, Glasgow (J. E. S.) : one, in

bread, Elvanfoot, 1900 (W. E.).
Helops striatus, Fourc. — Tarbert (T. S.) : on the very summit of Holy I.,

beneath the cairn, 1859 (W. E.) : two nr. Brodick 41895 (W. E.,

A. S. N.H., 1900, 99).

Fam. Melandryidae.
Tetratoma ancora, F. — Paisley (M. Cat.).

Fam. Pythidae.

Salpingus castaneus, Pan:. — Scarce, Cambuslang (A. A. D.) : by sweeping

in tir wood, Shewalton (A. F.).
S. ater, Pai/k. — Glasgow (M. Cat.) : one, apparently this species, bv sweeping

nr. Campbeltown 6/1895 (J. J. W.).
Rhinosiinus mficollis, L. — Local and scarce, under loose bark. Paisley,

M. Y., (M. Cat.) : Johnstone (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).
R. viridipennis, Steph. — Renfrewshire (M. Y., V.).
R. planirostris, F. — Under bark, and by sweeping, Glasgow district (J.E.S.):

Johnstone (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.) : a remarkably large form rarely

under beech bark, Campbeltown (J. J. W.).

Fam. Mordellidae.

Anaspis frontalis, L. — Not unc., bv sweeping, Luss (A. A. D.) : Greenock

(J. E. S.) : Barr (A. F.).

A. rufilabris, Gyll.— Scarce, Cadder (A. A. D.).
A. maculata, Fourc. — Scarce, by sweeping flowers, Dundonald (A. A. D.).

Fam. Rhipidophoridae.
Metoecus paradoxus, L. — Apparently very r. ; "Bothwell Castle :' (M. Cat.).

Fam. Anthicidae.

Anthicus floralis, Z. — E., Bonhill (J. M.).

A. scoticus, Rye. — Local and r., Paisley bv M. Young (E. C. Eye, E. M. M.,
IX. 10) : in flood refuse, Barassie (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).

Fam. Meloidae.

Meloe proscarabaeus, L. — Locallv abund. ; in sandy places, Tollcross
(J. E. S.) : Irvine (Thos. Wilson ; A. F.) : nr. Brodick ( W. E.).

298 COLEOPTERA.

Fam. Curculionidae.

Bhynchites aeneovirens, Marsh. — R., one by beating oak, Ayr (A. F.).

B. minutus, Herbs'. — Clyde, scarce (Sharp).

B. nanus, Payk. — R., by beating birches, Linwood, Paisley (R. E.) :

Bishopton (A. A. D.).
Deporaus megacephalus, Germ. — Scarce, by beating birches, Greenock

(J. E. S.) : Bishopton (A. A. D.).
D. betulae, L. — Freq., by beating birches, Bonhill ; Gadder (A. A. D.) :

Shewalton (A. F.).
Apion subulatum, Kirby. — R., by sweeping vetches, May and June, Ayr

(A. F.).

A. ulicis, Forst. — On broom, not unc., Lanark (\\ . E.) : Ayr (A. F.).
A. cruentatum, Walt. — Local, but not unc. ; by sweeping, June-Sept.,

Shewalton ; Barr (A. F.) : one shaken out of moss, Barr 4/1900.
A. haematodes, Kirby. — One bv sweeping at Shewalton 8/1895 (A. F.) :

Cleghorn Gl., Lanark 10/1900 (W. E.).
A. viciae, Payk.— On Vicia, three, Ayr 6/1895 (A. F.).
A. apricans, fferbst. — C., in moss and by sweeping, March- July.
A. dichroum, Bedel. — Very c., in moss and by sweeping, Feb. -July.
A. onopordi, Kirby. — One," King's Cross, Arran 8/1900 (A. A. D.).
A. carduomm, Kirby. — On thistles, c., May- Aug.
A. virens, fferbst. — In moss, banks of pond, Ayr 3/1900 (A. F.).
A. aethiops, fferbst. — Scarce, Giffnock (A. A. D.) : in moss, Ayr 3/1900

(A. F.) : by sweeping, Barr, 6/1900 (A. A. D. ; A. F.).

A. striatum, Kirby.— One, Ayr (A.' F.) : Cleghorn Gl., Lanark, 10/1900 (W. E.).
A. spencei, Kirby. — By sweeping, June and July, Shewalton (A. F.) : Ayr

(A. A. D. ; A. F.).
A. eryi, Kirby. — In moss and by sweeping, Feb. -June, Milngavie (A.F.):

Giffnock ;' Bishopton (A. A. D.) : Ayr ; Barr (A. F.).

A. vorax, fferbst.— By sweeping, Bishopton, 6/1900 (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).
A. gyllenhali, Kirby. — R. ; one in moss, Ayr, 4/1900 ; one by sweeping,

Shewalton 7/1900 (A. F.).

A. loti, Kirby.— One, Bonhill (J. M.) : two in moss, Barr 4/1900 (A. A. D.).
A. violaceum, Kirby. — C. ; in moss and by sweeping.
A. hydrolapathi, Kirby. — One by sweeping, Ayr 5/1900 (A. F.).
A. humile, Germ. — By sweeping, May-July, Milngavie (A. F.) : Crookston

(A. A. D.) : Lanark (W. E.) : Irvine ; Ayr ; Barr ; Pirnmill, Arran

(A. F.).
Otiorrhynclms atroapterus, De. G. — On the coast, Ardrossari (A. A. D.) :

Avr ; Turnberry (A. F.) : Macrihanish beach (J. J. W.).
0. blaildus, Gt/ll.—On. the higher hills, Castle Ayle, L. Fyne (T. S.) : Camp-

beltown (J. J. W.) : Arran, Whiting Bay (J. E. S.) ; Ben Bharrain (A. F.) :

Ailsa Craig, W. C. S. Fergusson (Trans. N. H. S. Glasgow, V., y. s., 158).
0. maurus, Gyll.—Ben Lomond (J. E. S., Ent. Wklv. Int., VI., 60) : Dunoon

(M.'Cat.).
0. ligneus, 01. — In moss and by sweeping, Luss (A. A. D.) : Bonhill (J. M.) :

Tollcross ; Shewalton (A. F.) : Barr (A. A. D.) : Macrihanish beach

(J. J. W.) : Gl. Cloy, Arran (J. E. S.).
0. septentrionis, fferbst.— Arran (T. R. B.).
0. picipes, F. — Abund., by sweeping and beating.
0. sulcatus, F. — In moss etc., Garelochhead ; Bowling ; Giffnock (A. A. D.) :

Greenock (J. E. S.) : Kilbarchan (A. M. S.) : Ayr (A. F.) : Arran, Whit-
ing Bay (J. E. S.) ; Brodick (W. E.).
0. rugifrons, Gyll. — Scarce ; in moss and under stones, Castle Ayle, L. Fyne

(T. S.) : Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Stevenston (A. F.) : Ailsa Craig, W. C. S.

Fergusson (Trans. N. II. S. Glasg., V., N. s., 158).

COLEOPTERA. 299

0. ovatus, L. — Freq. by sweeping and under stones, Stevenston ; Irvine ;

Ayr (A. F.) : Macrihanish beach (J. J. W.).
Strophosomus coryli> F. — C. by beating hazels.
S. lateralis, Payk.— Nr. Paisley (E. E.).
Exomias araneiformis, Schr. — E., in moss, Paisley district (M. Young) :

Ayr ; Barr (A. F. ; A. S. N. EL, 1897, 48).
SciapMlus muricatus, F.— Freq. by sweeping, Bonhill (A. A.D.): Ayr;

Barr (A. F.).

Tropiphorus tomentosus, Marsh. — C. in moss and by sweeping.
Liophloeus nubilis. F. — Scarce, by sweeping herbage on banks of streams,

Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Kilbarchan (A. M. S.) : Ayr ; Barr (A. F.).
Polydrnsus micans, F. — Lanarkshire, nr. Hamilton (M. Cat.) : Dr. Sharp

states with regard to the inclusion of this species in Murray's catalogue

that he is inclined to suspect an error of identification.
P. tereticollis, De G. — Not unc. by beatiug hazels etc., Luss (A. A.D.):

Bonhill (J. M.) : Ayr (A. F.).
P. pterygomalis, J3o/t.—-Not unc. by beating young trees, A\r; Pirnmill,

Arran (A. F.).

P. cervinus, L. — Not unc. by beating firs, Bishopton (A. A. D.) • Ayr (A. F.).
Phyllobius oblongus, L. — Local : by sweeping, Crookston (A. A. D.) : Ayr ;

Barr (A. F.).
P. calcaratus, F. — Bonhill (J. M.) ; Glasgow ; Greenock (J. E. S.): Camp-

beltp\m(J.J.W.).
P. urticae, F. — On nettles, c.
P. pyri, L. — C. by beating and sweeping.
P. argentatus, L. — C., by sweeping.
P. maculicornis, Germ. — C., by sweeping.
P. viridiaeris, Laich. — Very c., and widely dist.
P. viridicollis, F. — Not unc. locally. Crookston (A. A. D.) : Irvine ; Ayr

(A. F.).

Philopedon geminatus, F. — C. on the coast.
Barynotus obscurus, F. — Scarce in moss, and by sweeping. Bonhill (J. M.):

Greenock (J. E. S.) : Irvine (A. A. D.) : Shewalton (A. F.).
B. sch.onh.erri Zett, — In moss and under stones. Bonhill (J. M.) : Crookston

(A. A. D.) : Elvanfoot (W. E.) : Ayr ; Barr (A. F.) : scarce Campbeltown

(J. J. W.).
B. elevatus, Marsh. — In moss and by sweeping, occasional. Tarbert (T. S.):

Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Campbeltown (J. J. W.) : Ayr ; Barr ; Pirninill,

Arran (A. F.).
Alophus trigllttatus, F. — In flood refuse and moss, and by sweeping,.

Crookston ; Ayr ; Barr (A. F.) : Arran, Gl. Cloy (J. E. S.) ; Brodick

(W. E.).
Sitones griseus, F. — Very local and rather scarce, amongst bent grass>

Irvine (J. D. ; A. A. D. ; E. E.).

S. cambricus, Steph.—R. ; one, Giffnock, 1899 (A. A. D.).
S. regensteinensis, Herbst. — Freq. on broom.
S. lineellus, Gyll. — In plenty by shaking out roots of bent grass on the

sandhills Macrihanish (J. J. W.).
S. tibialis, Herbst. — Not unc.; by sweeping ; Irvine (E. E. ; A. A. D.): Ayr

(A. F.).

S. hispidulus, F. — Occasional by sweeping 8/1895, Ayr (A. F.).
S. puncticollis, Steph. — C. in moss, April, by sweeping, June-Aug.
S. SUturalis, St&ph. — Occasional, in moss Feb. and March ; by sweeping June ;

Giffnock ; Crookston (A. A. D.) : Bishopton (A. F.).
S. lineatus, L. — Very c. in moss and by sweeping.
Limobius dissimilis, Herbst. — Eenfrew district, in moss (J. S., under

fulvipes.).

300 COLEOPTERA.

Hypera punctata, F. — Occasional, bv sweeping, Bishopton ; Ayr ; Barr

(A.F.).

H. fasciculata, Herbst. — Clyde, extremely local, maritime (Sharp).
H. rumicis, L. — Occasional, on docks, Ayr (A. F.) : Barr (A. A. D.).
H. polygon!, L. — Freq., in moss and flood refuse and by sweeping ; Bonhill

(J. M.) : Renfrew district (J. S.) : Shewalton ; Ayr (A. F.).
H. suspiciosa, Herbst. — R., one, Paisley district ( J. D.).
H. murina, F. — Very r., one, Paisley district (J. D.).

H. plantaginis, De G. — Rather r. ; in moss and tufts of grass, Renfrew dis-
trict (J. S.) : Paisley (J. D.) : Irvine (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).
H. trilineata, Marsh. — Very r., one Paisley district (J.D.).
H. nigrirostris, F. — C. in moss and by sweeping.
Liosoma ovatulum, Clairv.—Q. in mo-s.

var. collaris, Rye. — R. in company with type, Macrihanish (J. J. W.).
Hylobius abietis, L. — C. on firs.
Pissodes pini, L. — Inveraray (Ent. Ed.) : Robroyston (J. E. S.) : Greenock

(T. S.).

Orehestes quercus, L. — Several by beating oaks in autumn 1900 (A. A. D.).
0. fagi, L. — C. on beeches, Irvine ; Ayr (A. F.).

0. nisei, Herbst. — Two, by beating birches Milngavie, 6/1900 (A. A. D).
0. stigma, Gemi.— -Glasgow (M. Cat.) : on sallows, Bengullion, Campbeltown

(J. J. W.).
GrypidlUS equiseti, /"—Freq. by sweeping, Crookston (A. A. D.) : Ayr ;

Barr (A. F.).
Erirhiims bimaculatus, F. — R., one bv sweeping on shore, Portincro&s

5/1 900 (A. A. D.).
E. acridulus, L. — Freq. by sweeping marshy places, May-Aug., Possil

(J. E. S.) : Cadder ; Crookston ; Johnstone (A. A. D.) : Ayr ; Barr (A.F.).
E. aethiops, F. — "I found it among some beetles sent to me for names from

Paisley by Mr. Morris Young/' (E. C. Rye, Ent. Ann., 1868, 56).
Dorytomus vorax, /V— Glasgow (M. Cat.).
D. maculatus, Marsh. — On sallows, Paisley (J. D.) : Bishopton (A. A. D.):

Bonhill (J. M.) : Ayr (A. F.).

D. melanopthalmus, Payk. var. agnathus, Boh. — Greenock (J. E. S.).
D. pectoralis, Gyll. — Dunoon, Mr. R. Hislop (M. Cat.).
Bagous alismatis, Marsh. — Scarce ; on aquatic plants, clay pits, Glasgow,

1857 (J. E. S.) : flood refuse Bishopton, 3/1900 (A. F.) : by sweeping

banks of Irvine, 5/1900 (A. A. D.).

B. frit, Brit. Coll.— One, 11/1894, clinging to a piece of wood in Aucha Lochy

nr. Campbeltown (J. J. W.).

Anoplus plantaris, Xaez.— Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Bishopton (A. A. D.).

Elleschus bipunctatus, L. — By beating sallows, scarce. Colintraive, May ;
Pirnmill, Arran, June 1900 (A. F.).

Gymnetron labilis, Herbst. — Scarce, by sweeping, Glasgow (M. Cat.) : Ren-
frew district (J. S.) : Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.).

Mecinus pyraster, Herbst. — In moss, Barr, 4/1900 (A. F.).

Anthonomus ulmi, De G. — Arran (T. R. B.).

A. rosinae, Des Gozis. — R. ; one example, Ayr (A. F.).

A. pedicularis, //.—Occasional bv beating hawthorn and sweeping, Ayr ;
Barr (A. F.).

A. rubi, Herbst. — Local by general sweeping, Shewalton (A. F.).

A. comari, Crotch. — R., on sallows, Bengullion, Campbeltown (J. J. W.).

Nanophyes lythri, F. — Argyleshire, Rev. Geo. Little (M. Cat.).

Cionus scrophulariae, L. — C. ; on Scrophularia nodosa, Kirkintilloch (W.E.,
A. S. N. H., 1900, 100) : Crookston (A. A. D.) : Barr (A. F.).

C. blattariae, F.- Very local and scarce on *S. nodosa, Barr 6/1896 (A. F.) :

Luss 6/1900 (A. A.'D.).

COLEOPTERA. 301

C. pulchellus, Herbst. — Very local and r. on S. nodosa nr. Ayr 7/1895 (A.F.)..
Orobites cyaneus, //.—Scarce ; by sweeping, Ayr 7/1895 ; in moss, Barr,

4/1900 (A. F.).

Coeliodes rubicundus, Herbal. — Nr. Inveraray (Ent. Ed. under Anthorynchus,

rnelanocepfialus) : Bishopton, 5 1900 (A. A. D.).
C. quadrimaculatus, L. — Very c. and gen. dist,
Ceuthorrynchus assimilis, Payk.— By sweeping, Ayr (A.F.).
C. ericae, <i</U. — Clyde on heather (Sharp).
C. erysimi, F. — Lanark (W. E.).
C. contractus, Mnrsh. — C., by sweeping.
C. quadridens, Pcmz. — Bonhill (J. M.).
C. pollinarius, Forst. — C., on -nettles.
C.viduatus, GfylL—Tollcross (F. F. W. S.).

C. pleurostigma, Marsh. — By sweeping, Bonhill (J. M.) : Irvine (A. A. D.).
C. nigulosus, Herbst. — By shaking out roots of bent grass, Macrihanish

(J. J. W.).
C. litura, /".—Scarce, thistles ; Paisley (J. D.) : King's Cross, 7/1900

(A. A. D.)
Ceuthorrynchidius troglodytes, F. — Freq., bv sweeping, Crookston

(A.A.D.): Shewalton; Ayr (A. F.).

Rhinoncus pericarpius, L. — C., Crookston (A. A. D.) : Shewalton ; Barr (A. F.).
R. castor, F.— Glasgow (M.Cat.) : Irvine (A. A. D.).
Phytobius quadrituberculatus, F. — In moss and by sweeping Irvine

(A. A. D.) : Ayr (A. F.) : Barr (A. A. D.) : Campbeltown (J. J. W.).
P. canaliculatus, Fahr. — In great profusion, Aucha Lochy nr. Campbeltown.

clinging to weeds and small pieces of wood (J. J. W.).
Limnobaris T-album, L. — By sweeping, Barr (A. A. D.).
Balaninus villosus, F. — Very r., one on N. side of Holy L., 1860 (J. E. S.).
B. salcivorus, Payk. — Not unc. by sweeping, May and June ; Renfrew district

(J. S.) : Garelochhead ; Cambuslang ; Giffnock ; Crookston ; Irvine-

(.A.A. D).
Calandra granariae, L.— In Egyptian wheat, Glasgow (J. E. S.) : Paisley

(R E.).
Rhopalomesites tardyi, Curt. — Very r., number of remains in a rotten

stump, Gourock 31900 (A. A. D.) : under bark, W. Kilbride 51900

(A. A. D.; A. F.) : Kilmun, Mr. J. M'Call (M. Cat.) : Dunoon (J. E. S.) :

Arran (T. R. B.).

Hylastes opacus, .£>.— Glasgow (M. Cat.).
H. palliatus, Gyll.— Tarbert (T. S.).
Myelophilus piniperda, L. — Not unc. nr. Glasgow (J. E. S.) : Bishopton

(A. A. D.),

Pityogenes chalcographus, L.— Glasgow (Fowler, Brit. Coleopt.).
P. bidentatus, Herbst. — Glasgow (M. Cat.).

Introduced Species.
Monochammus dentator, Fab.— Taken alive in Glasgow (a North American

species), Mr. R. Hislop (M. Cat.).
Arhopalus speciosus, Say. — Taken in the district (A. F., Trans. N. H. S.r.

Glasg., V., x. s., 469), teste G. C. Champion, F.Z.S. A North American

species.

Bupestris (ancylochira) haemorrhoidalis, Herbst.— In a house in Ayr
(A. F., Trans. N.H.S., Glasg., V., x. s., 469), teste G. C. Champion. A
South European species. Both this and the preceding species would
probably be brought to this country, in the larval state, in timber.

Species doubtful as British.

Cardiophorus rufipes, Fourc.— Corkendale Law, Paisley, by Mr. Jolm
Dunsmore, summer 1875 (G. C. Champion, E. M. M., XIII., 2'27).

ORDER TRICHOPTERA.
BY PROF. JAMES J. F. X. KING, F.E.S.

NOMENCLATURE : M'Lachlan's revised list of British Trichoptera, Trans. Ent.
Soc., part II., 1882.

EECORDERS AND CONTRACTIONS: (M.) = K. J. Morton ; (B.) = F. G. Binnie ;
(D.) = A. Adie Dalglish ; (H.) = the late T. J. Henderson; (L.) = the late
Frank Jex Long.

INAEQUIPALPIA.

Fam. Phryganeidae.

Neuronia ruficrus, Scopoli. — Carluke (M.).
Phryganea grandis, Linne. — Hogganfield (K.).
P. striata, L. — Hogganfield ; Fossil M. ; Milngavie (K.) : Lily L. ; Kil-

patrick Hills (B.) : Carluke (M.) : Bowling (D.).
P. varia, Fabricius. — Fossil M. (K.) : Carluke (M.).

P. obsoleta, M'Lachlan. — Lily L. (B.) : Carluke (M.) : Eavenscraig (D.).
Agrypnia pagetana, Curtis. — Knightswood ; Hogganfield (K.).

Fam. Limnophilidae.

Colpotaulius incisus, Curt. — Fossil M. (K.) : Carluke (M.).
Grammotaulius atomarius, F. — Carluke (M.).
Glyphotaelius pellucidus, Retzius. — Gadder Wild. (K.).
Limnophilus rhombicus, L. — Bishopton Moss (K.) : Carluke (M.).
L. flavicornis, ^.—Fossil M. (K.) : St. Germain's L. (B.) : Bishop's L. (M.) :

Crookston ; Pollokshields ; Cathcart (D.)
L. marmoratus, Curt. — St. Germain's L. (B.) : Gadder Wild. ; Fossil M. ;

Clober Moor ; Campsie Gl. ; Garelochhead (K.) : Carluke (M.).
L. stigma, Curt. — Leadhills (K.) : Carluke (M.).
L. xanthodes, HP-Lack. — Fossil M. ; Clober Moor ; Gadder Wild. ; Euchill

(K.) : Pollokshields (D.).
L. lunatus, Curt.— Fossil M. ; Gadder Wild. ; Clober Moor ; Mugdock W.

(K.) : Carluke (M.) : Inverglas ; Dundonald (D.).
L. politus, M'Lach.— Bishop's L. (M.).
L. ignavus, M'Lach. — Leadhills (M.).

L. nigriceps, Zetterstedt. — Mugdock (K.) : Carnwath (M.).
L. centralis, Curt.- — Gadder Wild. ; Clober Moor ; Bridge of Weir ; Kilmun ;

Hogganfield (K.) : Strathblane (B.) : Carluke (M.) : Eavenscraig ; Giff-

nock (D.).
L. vittatus, F. — Strathblane (B.) : Fossil M. ; Euchill ; nr. Paisley ;

Hogganfield ; Gleniffer ; Bishopton Moss ; nr. Greenock ; L. Fad, Bute

(K.) : Carluke (M.).
L. aflmis, Curt. — Bute (M.) : Kilmun ; nr. Greenock (K.) : Crookston (D.).

INAEQUIPALPIA. 303

L. auricula, Curt. — Kihmm (K.) : Carluke ; Cleghorn (M.).

L. griseus, L. — Carluke (M.).

L. extricatus, M'Lach. — Bridge of Weir (K.) : Paisley Can. (B.) : Carluke

(M.) : Giffnock (D.).
L. luridus, Curt. — W. Kilpatrick Hills ; Coplaw Dam (B.) : Garelochhead

(H.) : Carluke (M.) : Devol Glen ; Bishopton Moss : Cleghorn ;

Cadder Wild. ; Allender ; L'goilhead (K.).
L. sparsus, Curt. — Fossil M. ; Cadder Wild. ; Mugdock Wd. ; Bishopton

Moss ; Kilimm ; Devol Glen ; Bridge of Weir (K.) : Carluke (M..) :

Garelochhead (H.) : Giffnock ; Ardlui ; Arrochar (I).).
L. fuscicornis, Ranibur. — Uddingston ; Carluke (M.).
Anabolia nervosa, Curt. — St. Germain's L. (B.) : Mugdock Wd. (K.) :

Uddingston ; Carluke (M.) : Inverglas (D.).

Asynarchus coenosus, Curt. — Bishopton Moss (B.) : nr. Carluke (K.).
Stenophylax infumatus, J/'ZacA. — Carluke (M.).
S. rotundipennis, Brauer.- -Carluke (M.).

S. stellatus, Curt.— Carmvle (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Ballantrae (D.).
S. latipennis, Cart. — Allander (K.) : Carluke (M.).
S. permistus, J/'Z.— Carluke (M.).
S. vibex, Curt.— Carluke (M.).
Micropterna sequax, M'Lach. — Garelochhead (K.): Carluke (M.): Greenock

(L.).
M. lateralis, Stephens. — Carluke (M.) : Garelochhead (H.) : Mugdock

Wd. ; Deil's Craig Dam (K.) : Ravenscraig ; Crookston (D.).
Halesus radiatus, Curt.- — Carmyle ; Allander ; Mugdock Wd. (K.) : Bridge

of Weir (D.) : Gourock nr. Cloch (B.) : Carluke"(M.).

H. digitatus, Schrank.- — Carmyle ; Allander (K.) : Carluke ; Cleghorn (M.).
H. auricollis, Pictet. — Carluke (M.) : Cleghorn (K.).
DlUSUS annulatus, Stph. — Spout of Ballagan (B.) : Clober Moor ; Dairy ;

Leadhills ; W. Kilbride ; Cleghorn ; nr. Johnstone (K.) : Carluke (M.).
Ecclisopteryx guttulata, Pict. — Mugdock Wd. ; Dairy (K.) : Carluke (M.).
Chaetopteryx villosa, F. — Leadhills ; Dairy (K.) : Carluke ; Cleghorn (M.).
Apatania wallengreni, J/'Z. — "Small Burns in W. Kilpatrick Hills "(B.);

Symington (M.).

Fam. Sericostomatidae.

Sericostoma personatum, Spence. — Kenmuir Bank ; Mugdock Wd. (K.) :

Carluke ; Cleghorn (M.).

Goera pilosa, ^.—Carluke (M.) : Mugdock (K.) : Irvine (D.).
Silo pallipes, /".—Carmyle ; Mugdock Wd. ; L'goilhead (K.) : Carluke (M.) :

Kavenscraig (D.).

Brachycentrus subnubilus, Curt. — Cambuslang (K.) : Carluke (M.).
Crunoecia irrorata, Curt. — Kilmun (K.) : Spout of Ballagan (B.) : Cle^horn ;

Carluke (M.).
Lepidostoma hirta, /^—Carmyle ; Mugdock Wd. (K.) : Carluke (M.).

AEQUIPALPIA.

Fam. Leptoceridae.

Beraea pullata, Curt. — Fossil M. (K.) : Faisley Can. (B.): Carluke (M.).

B. maurus, Curt.— Carluke ; Cleghorn (M.).

Beraeodes minuta, L.— Bridge of Weir (K.) : Carluke (M.).

Odontocerum albicorne, Scop. — Allander : Cleghorn (K.) : Carluke (M.).

Leptocerus nigro-nervosus, Retz. — Uddingston (M.).

L. fulvus, Ramb.— Fossil M. (K.) : Paisley Can. (B.).

L. annulicornis, Stph. — Uddingston ; Carluke (M.).

304 TRICHOPTERA.

L. aterrimus, Stph. — Dalmuir ; Fossil M. ; Clober (K.) : Maryhill ; Frank-

tield L. ; Paisley Can. (B.) : Carluke (M.) : Ravenscraig (D.).
L. cinereus, Curt. — Kenmuir Bank ; Clober ; nr. Paisley (K.) : Clegborn ;

Uddingston (M.) : Ballagan Burn (B.).

L. albifrons, L. — Clyde above Cambuslang (K.) : Carluke (M.).
L. commutatus, flPLach. — Carluke ; Cleg-horn (M.) : Flemington (D.).
L. bilineatus, L. — Carmyle ; Allander (K.) : Carluke (M.).
L. dissimilis, Stph. — Carluke (M.).
Mystacides nigra, L. — Lambhill ; Paisley Can. ; Clyde above Cambuslang

(B.) : Dalmuir ; Anniesland (K.) : Carluke (M.).
M. azurea, L. — Kenmuir Bank (K.) : Carluke (M.).
M. longicornis, L. — Durrochston Dam ; Bardowie (K.) : Bishop's L. ; Law

(M.) : Pollokshields (D.).
Triaenodes bicolor, Curt. — Possil M. (K.).
Adicella filicornis, Pict. — Cleghorn (K.).
Oecetis ochracea, Curt. — Pollokshields (D.).
0. lacustris, Pict. — Bishop's L. ; Bute (M.) : Eavenscraig (D.).
0. testacea, Curt. — -Recorded in 1875 list from Allander but probably in error.

Fam. Hydropsychidae.

Hydropsyche pellucidula, Curt. — Clober (K.) : Carluke ; Uddingston (M.).
H. instabilis, Curt. — Above Cambuslang ; Lily L. (B.) : Allander ; Balder-
nock (K.) : Carluke (M.).
H. angustipennis, Curt. — Dougieston (K.) : Humphrey Burn Kilpatrick

Hills (B.).

H. guttata, Pict. — Carluke ; Uddingston (M.).
H. lepida, Pict. — Carluke ; Uddingston (M.).
Diplectrona felix, M'-Lach. — Arrochar (K.) : Cleghorn (M.).
Philopotamus montanus, Donovan. — W. Kilpatrick Hills (B.) : Allander ;

Ballagau Burn (K.) : Cleghorn ; Tintock (M.).
Wormaldia OCCipitalis, Pict.— Carluke ; Cleghorn (M.).
W. subnigra, M^Lach. — Carluke ; Cleghorn (M.).
Plectrocnemia conspersa, Curt. —Clober ; Bishopton Moss (K.) : Ballagan

burn (B.) : Carluke (M.) : Giffnock ; Glen Mallon (D.).
P. geniculata, M'Lach. — Carluke (M.).
Polycentropus flavomaculatus, Pict. — Mugdock Wd.; Kenmuir Bank (K.) :

Lily L. (B.) : Carluke ; Cleghorn (M.).
P. multiguttatus, Curt. — Carluke (M.).

Holocentropus dubius, Ramb. — Carnwath (M.) : nr. Glasgow (Gardner).
H. picicornis, Stph.— Possil M. (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Ravenseraig (D.).
Cyrnus trimaculatus, Curt. — Lily L. ; Paisley Can. (B.) : Kenmuir Bank ;

Lambhill (K.) : Carluke ; Cleghorn (M.).

0. flavidus, WLach.— Bishop's L. (M.) : Hogganfield (K.) : Irvine Moor (D.).
Tinodes waeneri, Z. — C. Paisley Can. (B.) : Ballagan Burn (K.) : Carluke;

Cleghorn (M.).

T. aureola, Zett.— Spout of Ballagan (B.) : Cleghorn (M.).
Lype phaeopa, Stph. — Carluke (M.).

Fam. Khyacophilidae.

Psychomyia pusilla, F. — Above Cambuslang (B.): Allander (K.): Carluke;

Cleghorn (M.).

Rhyacophila dprsalis, Curt. — C. everywhere.
R. septentrionis, M'-Lach. — Carluke (K.).
R. obliterata, M'Lach.— Carluke (K.) : Cleghorn (M.).
Glossosoma boltoni, Curt. — Above Cambuslang (B.) : Kilrnun (K.).
G. vernale, Pict.— Kenmuir Bank (K.) : Carluke (M.).

AEQUIPALPIA. 305

Agapetus fuscipes, Curt. — Mugdock Wd. ; Ballagan Burn; Troon (K.) :

Giffnock (D.) : Strathblane (B.) : Carluke (M.).
A. comatus, Pict. — Kenmuir Bank (K.) : Carluke (M.).
A. delicatulus, M'Lach. — Arran (M.).

Fam. Hydroptilidae.

Agraylea multipunctata, Curt. — Gartcosh (M.).

Allotrichia pallicornis, Eaton. — Uddingston (M.).

Hydroptila femoralis, Eaton. — Devol Glen (K.).

H. forcipata, Eaton. — Port Glasgow (K.) : Carluke ; Uddingston (M.).

H. maclachlani, Klapalik. — Carluke (M.).

Ithytrichia lamellaris, Eaton. — Carluke (M.).

Oxyethira costalis, Curt.— Clydesdale (K).

0. falcata, Morton. — Carluke (M.).

u

ORDER HEMIPTERA.

Sub-Order Heteroptera.

By JOHN EDWARD MURPHY, 52 Rose St., Garnethill.

ARRANGEMENT AND NOMENCLATURE : Hemiptera Heteroptera of the
British Isles, by Ed. Saunders, 1892. Mr. Saunders has kindly identified
most of the species.

AUTHORITIES AND CONTRACTIONS : (A. A. D.) A. Adie Dalglish ; (J. R. M.)
James Russell Malloch ; (J. T.) J. M. B. Taylor ; (K.) J. J. F. X. King ;
(W. E.) W. Evans ; (J. W. D.) J. W. Douglas, in Ent. Month. Mag., Oct. 1874 ;
(E. S.) E. Saunders, Hemipt. Brit. Isles ; (M. Y.) the late Morris Young.

Fam. Pentatomidae.

Sehirus biguttatus, L. — One, in Moss, Garelochhead (A. A. D.).

Tropicoris rufipes, L. — Not unc. on Birch, Dargavel ; Ardrossan ; Gareloch-
head (J. E. M.) : Bonhill (J. R. M.) : L. Long (W. Evans).

Picromerus bidens, L. — Not c. Dargavel Aug. 1899 (J. E. M.).

Acanthosoma dentatum, De G. — C. on Birch, etc., Luss ; L. Eck (J. E. M.) ;
Glen Mallon (A. A. D.).

A. interstinctum. L. — C. Luss. This and last species beaten from
same tree.

Fam. Lygaeidae.

Nysius thymi, Wolff.— Bonhill (J. R. M.).
Henestaris laticeps, Curt. — Renfrew (J. T.).
Rhyparochromus chiragra, Fab. — Renfrew (M. Y.).
R. antennatus, Schill. — Renfrew (M. Y.)
Ischnocoris angustulus, Boh. — Renfrew (M. Y.)
Macrodema micropterum, Curt. — Renfrew (M. Y.).
Lasiosomus enervis, H. Schff. — Renfrew (M. Y.).
Stygnus nisticus, Fall.— Meikleriggs 27/7/1894 (J.T.).
S. pedestris, Fall. — C. and gen. dist. ; by sweeping grasses.
Peritrechus luniger, Schill. — Irvine (A. A. D.).
Scolopostethus decoratus, Hahn. — Not c. Gartcosh (J. E. M.): Bonhill

(J. R, M.).

Drymus sylvaticus, Fab. — Not unc. in Moss, etc. ; gen. dist.
D. brunneus, Sahib.— Renfrew (M. Y.).

Fam. Hydrometridae.
Velia currens, Fab. — C. (undeveloped) and gen. dist. Developed form rare,

one Allander (J. E. M.) : Cambuslang (K.).
Gerris COStae, H. Schff. — C. Luss ; Lochgoilhead (J. E. M.) : Arrochar

(A. A. D.) : nr. Brodick (W. E.).
G. thoracica, Schum. — C. and gen. dist.

G. aspera, Fieb. — Not unc. (developed) Kilmarnock ; Lanark (J. E. M.).
G. lacustris, L. — C. and gen. dist,

HETEROPTERA. 307

Fam. Reduviidae.

Nabis brevipennis, Hahn. — Langbank (M. Y.).

N. lativentris, Boh. — Langbank (M. Y.).

N. major, Cost. — Blackstone (J. T.) : Langbank (M. Y.).

N. flavomarginatus, Scholtz. — C. (undeveloped) and gen. dist. ; one de-
veloped f. Ardrossan (J. E. M.).

N. limbatus, Dahlb. — C. (undeveloped) Fossil Marsh ; Troon ; Lanark
(J. E. M.).

N. lineatus, Dahlb. — R. Blackstone (J. T.).

N. fems, L. — Not unc., Milngavie ; Gartcosh (J. E. M.) : Bowling (A. A. D.).

N. rugosus, L. — Renfrew (M. Y.).

N. ericetorum, Schltz. — C. (developed) Gadder Wilderness; Lochgoilhead
(J. E. M.) : Irvine ; Arrochar (A. A. D.).

Fam. Saldidae.

Salda lateralis, Fall. — C. nr. Paisley (J. T.).

S. riparia, Fall. — Nr. L. Winnoch (J. T.).

S. orthochila, Fieb.—Eonhill (J. R. M.).

S. scotica, Curtis. — Bute ; Cartland Craigs (Curtis, in E. S.) : not unc.
Baldernock (J. E. M.) : Lochwinnoch (J. T.) : Barr (A. A. D.).

S. littoralis, L.— Not unc. ; Gl. Rosa (J. W. D.) : Ardlui (A. A. D.) ; Car-
dross (R. W.) : Gleniffer (J. T.).

S. c-album, Fieb.—C. Saltcoats (J. W. D. in E. S.) : Gl. Rosa (J. W. D.) :
Ardrossan (J. E. M.) : Strathaven (A. A. D.).

S. saltatoria, L. — Lochgoilhead (J. E. M.) : Mugdock Wood (K.) : Gleniffer
(J. T.) : Gl. Rosa (J. W. D.).

S. pilosella, Thorns.— Nr. Paisley (J. T.).

S. arenicola, Schltz.—GlemSeT (M. Y.).

S. elegantula, Fall— Not c. Langbank, 9/1894 (M. Y.).

S. cincta, H. Schff. — Generally distributed.

Fam. Cimicidae.

Cimex lectularms, L. — C. in many houses.
Anthocoris confusus, Rent. — C. and gen. dist.
A. nemoralis, Fabr.— Gleniffer (J. T.).
A. sylvestris, L. — C. and gen. dist.

Acompocoris pygmaeus, Fall. — C. on Fir trees, Milngavie ; Gartcosh ;
Troou (J. E. M.) : Bonhill (J. R. M.).

Fam. Capsidae.

Pi.th.anus maerkeli, H. S. — C. (undeveloped) on Grasses, etc., Cadder Wilder-
ness ; Dargavel ; Ardrossan (J. E. M.).

Miris holsatus, Fab. — C. on Grasses etc., and gen. dist.

M. laevigatus, L. — South Barr (J. T.).

M. calcaratus, Fall. — C. on Grasses, Troon (J. E. M.) : Jamestown (J.R.M.).

Megaloceraea ruficornis, Fall — C. on Grasses and gen. dist.

Leptopterna fermgata, Fall — C. on Grasses, Troon ; Garelochhead (J.E.M.) :
Giffnock (A. A. D.) : Jamestown (J. R. M.).

Bryocoris pteridis, Fall — C. on Ferns, Ardrossan ; Lanark ; Milngavie ;
Carmunnock (J. E. M.).

Monalocoris filicis, L. — C. on Ferns, Cadder Wilderness ; Luss ; Ardrossan

(J.E.M.).

Phytocoris populi, L. — C. on various trees, Luss ; Cadder Wilderness ;
Ardrossan (J. E. M.) : Bonhill (J. R. M.).

P. tiliae, Fab. — Not unc. on limes etc., Milngavie ; Glasgow Botanic-
Gardens ; Cambuslang (J. E. M.) : Bonhill (J. R. M.).

P. longipennis, Flor. — Not unc., Jamestown (J. R. M.) : Ardrossan (J. E. M.).

308 HEMIPTERA.

P. reuteri, Saund. — Jamestown (J. E. M.).

P. pini, Kbm. — C. on fir trees, Garelochhead ; Dargavel ; Milngavie (J.E.M).

P. ulmi, L.—C. on Elms, Allander ; Troon (J. E. M.) : Bonhill (J. E. M.)

Calocoris striatellus, Fab. — C. on Oaks, Lanark ; Troon (J. E. M.) : Glen-
Mallon (A. A. D.) : Jamestown (J. E. M.).

C. sexguttatus, Fab. — Abund. on Nettles and gen. dist.

C. roseomaculatus, De G. — C. on Linaria vulgaris, Auchenbathie (J. T.) :
Gitfnock (A. A. D.) : Caldwell (J. E. M.).

C. chenopodii, Fall.—Ruc\u\\ Wood (K.).

C. bipunctatus, Fab. — Abund. on shrubs everywhere.

C. Striatus, L. — Not. unc., Helensburgh (J. E. M.) : Glen Mallon (A. A. D.).

Plesiocoris rugicollis, Fall. — C. on Sallows, Fossil Marsh ; Milngavie
(J. E. M.) : Jamestown (J. E. M.).

Lygus pabulinus, L. — Abund. on Nettles etc., and gen. dist.

L. contamlnatus, Fall. — C. on Birch, Luss ; Caldwell ; Gartcosh (J. E. M.).

L. viridis, Fall. — C. on Oak and Birch, Luss (J. E. M.).

L. pratensis, Fab. — C. on shrubs and gen. dist,

L. pastinacae, ^a^.— Allander (K.).

L. kalmii, L. — Not unc., Jamestown (J. E. M.) : Dargavel (J. E. M.).

L. cervinus, H. Schf.— Bonhill (J. E, M.) : Blackstone (J.T.): Ettrick
bay (K.).

L. rubricatus, Fall.— Not unc., Luss (J. E. M.) : Bonhill (J. E. M.).

Liocoris tripustulatus, Fab. — Blackstone on Nettles (J. T.).

Rhopalotomus ater, L. — C. on Shrubs, and gen. dist.

Bothynotus pilosus, Boh. — Very r. on Hills betw. L. Long and L. Lomond,
four taken by Sharp (E. S.).

Macrolophus nubilus, H. Sch. — Not c. on Stachys sylvatica (J. T.).

Dicyphus pallidicornis, Fieb. — Gleniffer (J. T.).

Campyloneura virgula, H. Schf. — Scarce. Luss (J.E.M.) : Peaton, L. Long
(W. E.).

Cyllocoris histrionicus, L. — Allander (K.) : abund. Newton Woods (J. T.).

Aetorhinus angulatus, Fall.—C. on Salix, Gartcosh ; Milngavie (J. E. M.) :
Bonhill ( J. E. M.).

Mecomma ambulans, Fall. — C., m's. only developed, Ardrossan (J. E. M.).

Orthotylus marginalis, Rent. — C. on Salix, Luss; Milngavie (J.E.M.):
Bonhill (J. E. M.).

0. ericetorum, Fall. — C. on Heather, Garelochhead (J.E.M.): Bonhill
(J. E. M.).

Heterocordylus tibialis Halm. — Scarce, Ardrossan (J. E. M.).

Macrocoleus molliculus, Fall. — Nr. Paisley (J. T.).

M. hortulanus, Mey. — E., Renfrewshire (M. Y.).

Harpocera thoracica, Fall. — Troon (K.) : Luss (A. A. D.).

Phylus melanocephalus, L. — C. on Oaks, Gadder Wilderness (J. E. M.) : Bon-
hill (J. E. M.).

Psallus betuleti, Fall. — C. on Birch, gen. dist.

P. ambiguus, Fall.—C., Bonhill (J. E. M.).

P. variabilis, Fall. — C. on various trees, gen. dist.

P. fallenii, Rent. — C. on Sallows, gen. dist.

P. lepidus, Fieb.-AlLa.ndeT (K.).

P. varians, H. Schf. — C. on Birch and Oak, Shandon ; Luss (J. E. M.) : Bon-
hill (J. E. M.)': Mugdock Wood (K.).

P. sanguineus, Fab.—- Abund. on Salix, Luss ; Colintraive (J. E. M.).

Plagiognathus arbustorum, Fab. — Abund. on Nettles, gen. dist.

P. viridulus, Fall. — Abund. on Grasses, gen. dist.

Fam. Naucoridae.
Naucoris cimicoides, L. — Clyde at Cambuslang (K.).

HETEROPTERA. 309

Fam. Nepidae.
Nepa cinerea, L. — C. Ponds and Ditches, gen. dist.

Fam. Notonectidae.
Notonecta glauca, L. — C. and gen. dist.

Fam. Corixidae.

Corixa geoffroyi, Leach. — C. and gen. dist.

C. linnaei, Fieb. — Not unc. Lanark ; Allander (J. E. M.) : Ayr (A. A. D.).

C. sahlbergi, Fieb. — C. and gen. dist.

C. striata, Fieb. — Not unc., Milngavie (J. E. M.).

C. distincta, Fieb.—C. Gleniffer ; Fossil Marsh (J. E. M.).

C. fallenii, Fieb. — Not unc., Kirkiutilloch ; St. Germain's L. (J. E. M.):

Bishopton (A. A. D.).
C. moesta, Fieb. — Bishopton (A. A. D.).
C. venusta, D. £ £— Rothesay (J. W. D. in E. S.).
C. fabricii, Fieb. — C. and gen. dist.
C. fossarum, Leach. — C. Gleniffer (J. E. M.).
C. scotti, Fieb. — Loch nr. Kirn, Douglas & Scott (E. S.).
C. COgnata, D. <& S. — L. Grienan, Rothesay ; Douglas (E. S.).

Sub-order Homoptera.
By J. M. B. TAYLOR, Curator, Free Museum, Paisley.

ARRANGEMENT FOLLOWED : Catalogue of British Hemiptera : T. M
M'Gregor, Perth, 1890 ; (The Homoptera by James Edwards, F.E.S.).

The records are all recent and cover only a small part of the Clyde basin.

AUTHORITIES AND CONTRACTIONS : (Cic. Ed.) — The Hemiptera-Homoptera of
the British Isles, by James Edwards, F.E.S., 1896: (J. E. M.) John E.
Murphy ; (M. Y.) The late Morris Young ; Win. Evans, F.R.S.E., and Jno.
K. Malloch have also assisted.

Issus coleptratus, Geoff. — Gouk Quarry, Kilmalcolm, Aug.-Sept.

Cixius cunicularis, Lin. — Not c. Paisley (J. E. M.) : Tbornley on broom,

whin and young birch.

C. nervosus, Lin. — Paisley (J. E. M.) : Thornley wd., Aug. and Sept.
Liburnea notula, Germ. — Renfrewshire (M. Y.) : marshy places Langbank ;

Ashton.

L. lineola, Germ. — On Holcus mollis Stanley Wd. ; Old Patrick burn.
L. vittipennis, J. Sahl. — Neilston Pad, Gleniffer, on short grass and thyme.

Flies in rain.

L. pallidula, Boh. — On Holcus mollis, etc., Thornley ; Staneley.
L. smaragdula, S'tal. — On Phalaris arundinacea. Local, Staneley ; White

Cart.

L. elegantula, Boh. (aemulatrix, Scott). — By sweeping grass Blackstone Wd.
L. pellucida, -Fab. — Among Holcus mollis Blackstone Wd.
L. limbata, Fab. — Not c., among rushes glen dam.
Dicranotropis hamata, Boh. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : brachypterous form c.,

macropterous not c., latter at foot of Gleniffer.
Stiroma pteridis, Boh. — On Pteris, Alt-Patrick ; Auchenbathie.
Triecphora vulnerata, lllig. — Paisley (Cic. ed.). Not c. Dusky Gl.
Aphrophora alni, Fall. — Renfrewshire (M. Y.) : Garelochhead (J. E. M.) :

Staneley Wd.
Philaenus spumarius, Lin. — Abund. many parts Renfrew. ; appears July ;

Ardrossan ; Carluke (J. E. M.).

P. exclamationis, Thumb. — Langbank ; Clydeside (M. Y.) : scarce.
P. lineatus, Lin. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : Wilderness (J. E. M.).
Ledra aurita, Lin.— Paisley (M. Y.) : not c., on oak Staneley.
Ulopa reticulata, Fab. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.).
Megophthalmus scanicus, Fall. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.).
Macropsis microcephala, H.S. — Ashton, Renfrew. (M. Y.).
M. lanio, Lin.— Paisley (Cic. Ed.) ; Luss (J. E. M.) : c. birch June.
Bythoscopus alni, Schr. — Ashton, Renfrew. (M. Y.).
B. rufusculus, Fieb.— Ashton (M. Y.) : Carluke (J. E. M.).
B. flavicollis, Lin. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : Luss(J. E. M.) : on birch, Staneley.
Pediopsis cereus, Germ. — Luss (J. E. M.).

Idiocerus varius, Fab. — Cathcart 10/6/00 (J. E. M.) ; appears early.
I. laminatus, FLor. — Renfrew. (Cic. Ed.) ; Staneley on Populus tremula.

HOMOPTERA. 311

I. lituratus, Fall. — Renfrew. (Ash ton ?) (M. Y.) : on willows.

I. populi, Lin. — Renfrew. (Cic. Ed.) ; Garelochhead (J. E. M.) ; Staneley on

Populus tremula.

I. COnfllSUS, Flor. — On low willows Thornley.
I. albicans, Kbm. — Staneley on poplars.
Agallia puncticeps, Germ. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.).
A. venosa, Fall. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.).
A. brachiptera, Boh. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.).

Evacanthus interruptus, Lin. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : Troon (J. E. M.).
E. acuminatus, Fab. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).

Tettigonia viridus, Lin. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : Garelochhead ; Luss (J.E.M.).
Strongylocephalus megerli, Scott. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
Acocephalus neryosus, Schr. ( = msticus, Fab.}. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.).
A. bifasciatUB, Lin.— Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : Garelochhead (J. E. M.).
A. albifrons, Lin. (= interruptus, Scott ; = polystolus, Scott} : Renfrew.

(Cic. Ed.).

A. brunneo-bifasciatus, Lin. — Linwood, Renfrew. (J. E. M.).
A. flavostriatus, Don. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : Thornley ; Staneley.
Eupelix cuspidata ( = producta, Germ. : = spathulata, 6f«n».)Renfrew.(M.Y.).
Doratura stylata, Bon. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
Paramesus nervosus, Fall. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
P. phragmitis, Boh. — Renfrew. (Ashton ?) (M. Y.).
G-lyptocephalus proceps, Al>w.( = Athysanus canescens, D. & S.\ Renfrew.

(M. Y.).

Athysanus russeolus, Fall. — On heath Houston, Renfrew.
A. brevipennis, Kbm. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
A. sordidus, Zett. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
A. sahlbergi, Reut. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : not c. marshy ground Durrockston,

Renfrew.
A. communis, J. Sahl ( = plebejus, D. & S.). Not c. or overlooked ? Damp

grass Renfrew.

A. obscurellus, Kbm.— Renfrew. (M. Y.) : Dumbarton ; Carluke (J. E. M.).
A. obsoletus, Kbm. — Renfrew. (Cic. Ed.).
Deltocephalus abdominalis, Fab.— Renfrew. (Cic. Ed.).
D. pascuellus, Fall. ( = minki, Fleb.) — Among Holcus mollis in damp woods

Thornley ; Blackstone.
D. ocellaris, Fall.— Renfrew. (M. Y.).
D. striatus, Lin. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.). On Hieracium pilosella and Draba

verna beginning of June Jenny's Well, Renfrew.
D. punctum, Flor. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
Allygus commutatus, Fieb. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
A. mixtus, Fab. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).

Thamnotettix prasina, Fall. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : Luss ; Ardrossan (J.E.M.).
T. cyanae — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
T. subfusus, Fall— Paisley (Cic. Ed.).

T. variegata, Kbm. [ = irrovatus, Scott}. — Railway banks Houston, Renfrew.
T. striatola, Fall. — Renfrew. (M. Y.). "
T. cmentata, Panz. — Renfrew. (M. Y.). One on heather, Gl. Rosa (Cic. Ed.)

Luss (J. E. M.) : r. on heather, Houston.

Limotettix striola, Fall. — Gl. Rosa (Cic. Ed.) : Garelochhead (J. E. M.).
L. quadrinotata, Fab. — Renfrew. (M. Y.) : Carluke (J. E. M.).
L. nigricornis, J. Sahl. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
L. suphurella, Zett. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.), on barren fronds of Equisetum

sylvaticum Blackstone, Renfrew., Sept.
Cicadula septemnotata, Fall. — Renfrew (M. Y.).
C. sexnotata, Fall. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) ; on Meum athamanticum Gouk

quarry, Renfrew.

312 HEMIPTERA.

Alebra albostriella, Fall. — Benfrew. (Cic. Ed.) : Staneley (various trees and

vars.).
Dicraneura flavipennis, Zett. — Renfrew. (M. Y.) ; on Carex ampullacea

Durrockston, etc.

D. variata, Hardy. — Renfrew. (Cic. Ed.).

Kybos smaragdulus, Fall. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : Thornley ; Staneley, on

willows and poplars.
Chlorita flavescens, Fab. — Autumn, winter, and spring on trees, Houston ;

Blackstone.

C. viridula, Fall. — Along with C. flavescens.
Eupteryx vittatus, Lin. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : among Mentha, Ashton.

E. urticae, Fab. — Sept. and Oct. on nettles, Thornley ; Auchenbathie.

E. stachydearum, Hardy. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.): Cleg-horn (W.Evans): on

Teucrium scorodonia, The Linn, Gleniffer.
E. auratus, Lin.— Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : Ardrossan (J. E. M.) : Thornley ;

Auchenbathie, Sept. Oct.
E. atropunctata, &oeze[ = pict\is,Fab.] — Paisley (Cic. Ed.): Staneley reservoir

on Spiraea ulmaria.

E. signatipennis, Boh.— Renfrew. (M. Y.).
E. germari, Zett. — Fir trees, Houston, Renfrew.
E. pulchellus, Fall. — Arran ; Paisley ; Renfrew. (Cic. Ed.) : very pale at

Staneley on oak.

E. concinna, Germ. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : on oak, Staneley, Sept.
Typhlocyba sexpunctata, Fall. [ = decumpunctata* Fall.].— Renfrew.

(M.Y.).

T. debilis,Z>o?^. — R., Kilmalcolm.
T. ulmi. Linn. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
T. gratiosa, Boh.— Renfrew. (M. Y.).
T. lethierryi, Edw.— Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : Gl. Killock.
T. rosae, Lin. ( = lactea Dougl.). — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
T. salicicola, Edw. — Newton Wds., Renfrew., on willows.
T. quercus, Fab. — Renfrew. (Cic. Ed.) : on oak, W. of Staneley, Sept.
T. nitidula, Fab. — Firs and Wych Elm, Mavisbank, Renfrew.
T. geometrica, Schr. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : Newton Wds.
Zygina tiliae, Geoffr. — Renfrew. (M. Y.) : Braidland, Renfrew., on lime 7/95.
Livia juncorum, Latr.— Elvanfoot 9/1900 (W. Evans).
Aphalara picta, Zett. — Paisley (Cic. Ed.).
A. exilis, Web. & Mohr.— Paisley (Cic. Ed.) : on Sheep's Sorrel, Thornley ;

Houston.

A. nervosa, Forst. — Renfrew. (M. Y.) : Cathcart (J. E. M.).
Psyllopsis fraxinicola, Forst. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
P. fraxini, Lin.— Renfrew. (M. Y.).
Psylla crataegi, Schr. (=ferruginea, Forst. = costatopunctata, Forst. ).-

Renfrew (M.Y.).
P. peregrina, Forst. ( = crataegicola, Scott). — Renfrew. (M. Y.) : Stevenston,

Ayr, 5/95.

P. pineti, Flor. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).
P. salicicola, Forst. — On Salix capraea, end of May. Blacklandmill Heath,

Renfrew.

P. betulae, Lin. — Newton Wds., on great spear thistle, not birch 7/94.
P. forsteri, Flor.— Renfrew. (M. Y.).
P. alni, Lin. — Renfrew. (M. Y.) : Langbank 10/94.
P. buxi, Lin. — Various garden plants but certainly not on Box, 6/94.
Livilla ulicis, Curt. — Renfrew. (M. Y.).

Arytaena genistae, Latr.- -On broom, Oct., Thornley ; Lanark (W. Evans).
Trioza urticae, Lin. — On nettles, Blackstone ; Thornley.

ORDER ODOXATA.
BY JAMES J. F. X. KING, F.E.8.

NOMENCLATURE, W. J. Lucas, British Dragonflies, 1900.
Records of localities are by the following : K. J. Morton (M.) ; J. P.
Taylor (T.) ; John Murphy (Mur.) ; A. A. Dalglish (D.) ; and myself (K.X

Fam. Libellulidae.

Sympetrum sanguineum, Mull— Houston (T.).

S. scoticum, Don. — Brodick (Mur.) : Houston (T.) : Cumbrae ; Ballantrae ;

King's Cross (L).).
Libellula auadrimaculata, L.— Newton Woods ; Kilmalcolm (T.) : L'Goil-

head (Mur.) : Ardlui (D.).

Fam. Gomphidae.

Cordulegaster annulatus, Latr. — Ardentinny ; Bute (K.) : Glen Cro ; Loch
Eck ; Millport ; Cove (Mur.) : Newton Woods (T.) : Glen Mallon (D.).

Fam. Aeschnidae.

Aeschna juncea, L. — Carluke (K) : Strachur ; Arran (Mur.): Glen Mallon
(D.). Often caught in the streets of Glasgow.

Fam. Agrionidae.

Pyrrhosoma nymphula. — Clober ; Bridge of Weir ; Arrochar ; Luss (K.) :
Kilmarnock (Mur.) : Glen Mallon ; GifTiiock ; Ardlui (D.).

Ischnura elegans, Lind. — Crookston ; Pollokshields (D.).

Enallagma cyathigerum, Charp. — Possil ; Dougleston ; Bridge of Weir :
Mugdock (K.) : Ravenscraig ; Crookston (D.).

ORDER ORTHOPTERA.
BY JAMES J. F. X. KING, F.E.S.

NOMENCLATURE: Malcolm Burr, F.Z.S., British Ortkoptera, 1897.

Records of localities are by the following: The late Morris Young (M.Y.);
John Murphy (Mur.) ; A. A. Dalglish (D.) ; Wm. Evans ; J. P. Taylor (T,);
and myself (K.).

Sub-Order Forficularia.

Forficula auricularia, Linne. — C. everywhere.
Labia minor, Linne. — Inchinnan (K.).

Sub-Order Blattodea.

Fam. Phyllodromidae.
Phyllodromia germanica, L. — All quarters of the city ; also in Paisley.

Fam. Blattidae.

Blatta orientalis, L. — The common cockroach is found almost everywhere.

Periplaneta americana, L. — Glasgow Botanic Gardens (K.) : Woodside
Conservatory, Paisley (M. Y.).

P. australasiae, Fabricius. — Kilnside Conservatory, Paisley (M. Y.).

I have seen two species of Blattodea taken at the Bromielaw, pro-
bably Lucophaea Surinamensis, L., and Blabera gigantea, L., which were
no doubt imported.

Sub- Order A cridiodea.

Fam. Tryxalidae.

Stenobothms viridulllS, L. — Elvanfoot (Evans) : Millport ; Garelochhead

(Mur.) : Barr (D.) : Kilbarchan (A. M. Stewart).
S. bicolor, Charpentier. — Ardlui (D.).
S. parallelus, Zetterstedt. — Elvanfoot (Evans).
Gomphocerus maculatus, Thunb. — Irvine Moor (D.) : Luss ; Garelochhead ;

Arrochar ; Troon (Mur.).

Fam. Tettigidae.

Tettix bipunctatus, L. — Arrochar (K.) : Peaton, L. Long (Evans) : Irvine ;
Barr ; Glen Mallon (D.).

Sub-order Gryllodea.

Fam. Gryllidae.

Gryllus domesticus, L. — House Cricket. Not unc. in various parts of city,
chiefly bakehouses. Also in Paisley and at Kilbarchan.

Fam. Gryllotalpidae.
Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Linne'.— Kilmalcolm (T.).

ORDER NEUROPTERA-PLANIPENNIA.
BY JAMES J. F. X. KING, F.E.S.

NOMENCLATURE : Catalogue of British Neuroptera, by Robert M'Lachlan
1870, ex. genus Hemerobius in which it is Mr. M'Lachlan's revision of the
genus, Entom. Mon. Mag., April, June, July and August, 1899.

Localities have been recorded bv K. J. Morton (M.) ; John Murphy
(Mur.) ; A. A. Dalglish (D.) ; Wm. Evans and myself (K.).

Sub- order Sialina.
Fam. Sialidae.

Sialis lutaria, Linne. — Kelvinbridge (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Kilmarnock

(Mur.) : Crookston (D.).
S. fuliginosa, Pictet. — Kilmarnock ; Paisley (Mur.).

Fam. Hemerobiidae.

Sisyra fuscata, Fabricius. — Ardentinny (K.).
Micromus paganus, Linne, — Fossil (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Paisley (Mur.) :

Crookston ; Giffnock (D.).

Hemerobius nervosus, F. — Fossil; Ardentinny (K.) : Carluke (M.): Ayr(D.).
H. subnebulosus, Stph. — Carluke (M.).
H. marginatus, Stph. — Cleghorn (M.) : Glen Mallon (D.).
H. lutescens, F. — Ardentinny (K.) : Carluke (M.).
H. humuli, L. — Carluke (M.).
H. orotypus, Wall.— Tinto (M.).

H. Stigma, Stph. — Ardentinny (K.): Carluke(M.): Bishopton ; Johnstone(D.).
H. pini, Stph. — Carluke (M.).

H. micans, Olivier. — Carluke (M.) : Loch Lomond (Mur.).
H. inconspicuus, M'Lach.— Carluke (M.).

H. concinnus, Stph. var. quadrifasciatus, Renter. — Ardentinny (K.).
Drepanepteryx phalaenoides, Linne'. — Cleghorn (K.) : Carluke (M.).

Fam. Chrysopidae.
Chrysopa flava, Scopoli, Fossil (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Cadder Wildnerness

(Mur.): Glen Mallon (D.).

C. vittata, Wesmael. — Carluke (M.) : Dundonald ; Craigenfeoch (D.).
C. alba, L. -Carluke (M.) : Glen Mallon (D.).
C. vulgaris, Schneider.— Carluke (M.) : Giffnock in a house, 1/1900 (D.) :

Loch Lomond (Mur.).
C. septempunctata, Wesmael. — Carluke (M.).

Fam. Coniopterygidae.
Coniopteryx tineiformis, Curtis. — Ardentinny (K.).

Sub-order Panorpina.
Fam. Panorpidae.
Panorpa communis, Linne. — Dargavel (Mur.).

P. germanica, L. — Ardentinny (K.) : Carluke (M.) : Linwood (Mur.) : Bon-
hill ; Cambuslang ; Colintraive (D.).

Fam. Boreidae.

Boreus hyemalis, Linne. — New Town Paisley (M. Y.) : Braid wood Gl.
(Evans).

ORDERS COLLEMBOLA AND THYSANURA.
BY D. A. BOYD, Esq., Seamill, W. Kilbride.

The chief works consulted have been Tullberg's Sveriges Podurider and
Lubbock's Monograph of the British Collembola and Thi/sauura.

ARRANGEMENT FOLLOWED : G. H. Carpenter and W.Evans, "Collembola and
Thysanura of the Edinburgh District," Pro. Roy. Physical Soc. Edin., vol. xiv.

COLLEMBOLA.
Fam. Sminthuridae.

Sminthurus fllSCUS (Linn.}. — On walls and stones in shady places : freq. :
Ayrshire.

w

S. viridis (Linn.). — On grass and herbs : freq. : Lanarkshire ; Renfrewshire ;
Ayrshire ; Buteshire.

S. hortensis, Fitch. — On bare ground, esp. sandy or peaty soil : immense
numbers in summer, in gardens. Seamill.

S. luteus, Lubbock. — On living stems and leaves : c. : Lanarkshire ; Ayr-
shire ; Buteshire.

S. violaceus, Renter. — On flower-pots in conservatories, &c. : Seamill.

S. niger, Lubb. — Under boards, and on flower-pots : W. Kilbride.

S. igniceps, Renter. — On flower-pots in conservatories, &c. : Seamill.

S. Malmgrenii, Tullberg, var. elegantulus, Renter. — On surface of stagnant
pools and ditches : Cumbrae ; W. Kilbride ; Ardrossan ; Barr.

S. aquaticus, Bourlet.— Stagnant pools : Kilmalcolm ; Cumbrae ; Ar-
drossan ; Barr.

Papirius ornatus (Nicolet). - - Under fallen branches, leaves, &c. : c. :
Ayrshire.

P. minutus (0. Fabr.). — Under wood, &c. : freq. : Ayrshire.

Fam. Entomobryidae.

Tomocerus plumbeus (Linn.) ( = Podura longicornis, Mutter). — Under

wood, &c. : not unc. : Ayrshire.

T. niger (Bourlet). — Under wood, &c. : not unc. : Ayrshire.
T. tridentiferus (Tullb.). — Under wood, leaves, &c. : abund. and gen. dist.

throughout the year.
Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus (Gmeliri). — Under wood, stones, &c. : abund. and

gen. dist.

L. cyaneus, Tullb. — Under stones, &c. : freq. : Ayrshire.
Beckia argentea, Lubb. — In a conservatory, on earth in flower-pots: Seamill.
Entomobrya albocinta (Templeton) ( = Degeeria cincta, Lubb.). — Beneath

dry bark, under loose stones, and on walls : c. : Lanarkshire ; Ayrshire ;

Buteshire.
E. nivalis (Linn.) ( = D. annulata, Lubb.). — Amongst furze and herbage : c. :

Lanarkshire ; Ayrshire.
E. muscorum (Nic.) (D. Nicoletii, Lubb.). — Under stones, amongst herbage,

and at roots of grass : c. : Lanarkshire ; Ayrshire ; Buteshire.

COLLEMBOLA. 317

E. multifasciata (Tullb.) ( = D. nivalis, Nic. — Under stones, &c. : Lanark-
shire ; Ayrshire.

Orchesella cincta (Linn.).- -Under stones, wood, &c. : abund. throughout
the year.

Templetonia nitida (Tempi.), — Under boards, &c., on the ground : Seamill.

Isotoma viridis Bourl. — On bare earth, and under stones, &c. : abund.
throughout year.

I. palustris (Mutter).- — On the edges of pools and ditches : c.

I. arborea (De Geer). — Under fallen branches, &c. : W. Kilbride.

Fam. Poduridae.

Podura aquatica, Linn. — On surface of pools and quarry-holes : W. Kilbride.
Achorutes armatus (Nic.).—Oi\ water : W. Kilbride.
A. viaticus (Linn.).— On stones, &c., in damp places : W. Kilbride.
A. purpurascens, Lubb.—W. Kilbride.
Anurophorus laricis, Nic. ( = Lipura corticina, Lubb.). — Under bark: c.

at W. Kilbride.

Lipura armata, Tullb. — Under wood, decaying vegetables, &c. : W. Kilbride.
L. ambulans (Linn.). — Under wood, decaying vegetables, &c. : "W. Kilbride.
L. fimetaria (Nic.) ( = L. inermis, Tullb.). — Under wood, decaying roots, &c.:

Seamill.
Anurida maritima (Guer.). — On maritime rocks and pools : Ayrshire ;

Buteshire.
Amira muscomm (Tempi.). — Under rotten wood, &c. : freq. : W Kilbride.

THYSANURA.

Campodea staphylinus, Westwood. — Under stones : not c. : W. Kilbride.
Machilis maritima (Leach). — Under loose stones, and in dry walls : c. at
sea-coast : Renfrewshire : Ayrshire ; Buteshire.

MYRIAPODA.
BY D. A. BOYD, Esq.

IN the compilation of this list reference has been made fco-'Latzel's great
work, Die Myriopoden der osterrisch-ungarischen Monarchic ; also to papers by
Leach and Newport in the Transactions of the Linnean Society, vols. xi. and
xix. ; and to Sir T. D. Gibson-Carmichael's " Preliminary List of the Scottish
Myriopoda," in the Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh
vol. vii.

Chilognatha.

lulus pusillus, Leach. — Under decaying bark, and in rotten trunks of
trees : c.

I. sabulosus, Linn. — Under stones and wood : c. and gen. dist.

I. punctatus, Leach. — Under stones, etc. : c.

I. terrestris, Linn. — Under stones, etc. : c. and gen. dist.

Blaniulus guttulatus, Fabr. — Under stones and bark : W. Kilbride.

Polydesmus complanatus, Latr. — Under bark, wood, etc. : abund. and
gen. dist.

Craspedosoma Rawlinsii, Leach. — Under stones and amongst moss : Cart-
land Crags (Win. Evans).

C. polydesmoides, Leach. — Under wood : Seamill.

Glomeris limbata, Latr. — Under stones, etc. : Brodick (Wm. Evans) : W.
Kilbride ; Kilwinning.

Chilopoda.

Lithobius forficatus, Linn. — Under bark and stones : c. and gen. dist.

L. variegatus, Leach. — Under stones ; Bowling ; Inveraray (Sir T. D.

Gibson-Carmichael).

Himantarium subterraneum, Leach. — Amongst earth in gardens : Seamill.
Geophilus longicornis, Leach. — Under stones : W. Kilbride.

ARACHNIDA.
BY WILLIAM EVANS, F.RS.E.

OKDER ARANEIDEA.

ARRANGEMENT AND NOMENCLATURE : Eev. O. P. Cambridge's List of
British and Irish Spiders, 1900.

"Clyde" on account of its position and the diversity of country will, when
thoroughly investigated, probably be found to occupy a high place among
the ' drainage areas ' of Scotland. This should act as a stimulus to resident
naturalists to take up the work begun by the late Morris Young and H. C.
Young. Their records have been of the greatest service in compiling this
list. Help has also been received from many local naturalists to all of whom
I here tender my best thanks. I have personally only * sampled ' the Clyde
spiders at various points but my captures include 5 new to the Scottish list,
two (Tapinocyba pollens and Cornicularia Jcarpinskii) being first records for
Britain.

The number of species in this list is 201 — out of 290 recorded from Scot-
land— and as against 215 in the adjoining "Forth" area. A good many are
rarities, but space does not allow me to particularise.

Reliability in the identification being of the first importance, it is satis-
factory that the high authority of the Eev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, F.R.S.,
can be cited for nearly every species on the list. My personal obligations to
him in this matter are very great, and he has my hearty acknowledgment
and thanks. I have also to thank Mr. G. H. Carpenter, B.Sc., for verifying
the determinations of some of my Arran specimens.

Contractions for Authorities for localities, etc., are :
W. E. B. = W. E. Baxter, Glasgow: short list of spiders taken by himself

some years ago.
Dr. C. = late Dr. H. Colquhoun, Bothwell : small coll. chiefly at Dunoon,

1843-6 ; given to H. C. Y. and entered in his Journal.
O. P. C. = Eev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, Bloxworth, Dorset: list of Scottish

Spiders, Entomologist^ 1877 ; also numerous records in Trans. Linn. Soc.

xxvii. (1869-71) ; Ann. and Nag. N. H., 5th ser., i. iv. (1878, 1879) ;

Spiders of Dorset (1881), and suppts. in Proc. Dors. N.H. Field Club

(1882-1900).
A. W. P. C. =A. W. Pickard-Cambridge: small coll. at Crawford, Lanark.,

9/1898 ; list sent me by O. P. C.

M'D. =G. M'Dougall, Campsie : specimens from Kirkintilloch, and Campsie Gl.
W. E. =Wm. Evans, Edinburgh (Compiler): collections made at Arran

(4/1895) ; Bute ; Peaton ; Lanark ; Douglas ; 'Elvanfoot (9/1900) ; etc.
Ferg. = Anderson Fergusson, Glasgow : specimens from several localities.
For. = Adrian Forrester, Glenmiln : specimens from Kilmalcolm (recorded by

Carpenter, Ann. Scot N.H., 1893), and Helensburgh.

320 ARACHNIDA.

F. L. G. = Frank L. Grant, Glasgow : list of records, Ann. Scot. N.H., 1894
and Trans. N.H.S. Glasg., iv. (n.s.), pp. 153, 282.

J. R. M. = J. R. Malloch : specimens from Bonhill.

T. W. = Thomas Wilson, Ayr : local collection.

H. C. Y. = late Henry C. iroung, Sale, Cheshire : collected 20-30 years ago,
in the district for a list for the Glasg. N.H. Soc., which never appeared,
many of his records were published by O. P .C., who named most of his
specimens, and a few by himself, Proc. N.H.S. Glasg., in., pp 170, 351,
and iv. p. 79. From his Journals — now in the possession of Mr.
M'Naught Campbell who has kindly given me the use of them — I have
also got many records of specimens marked as named by O. P. C.

M. \. = late Morris Young, Paisley : furnished O. P. C. with many valuable
local records ; a list by himself of the rarer spiders of Renfrew, appeared
in Ann. Scot. N.H., 1894, p. 185. For the exact localities in a number of
these I am indebted to Mr. J. M. B. Taylor, Paisley Museum.

Fam. Dysderidae.

Dysdera crocota, C. L. K.— Ad. f., Ayr, 7/1897 (T. W.) : ad. m., Kirkin-

tilloch, 1899 (M'D.).
Harpactes hombergii (Scop.). — Local and scarce : Gadder ; Baldernock ;

Prestwick (H. C. Y.) : Ayr (T. W.).
Segestria senoculata (L.). — Gen. dist. and c. : Bute and Arran ; to Miln-

gavie (H. C. Y.) ; Lanark ; &c.
Oonops pulcher, Tempi. — -Not unc. locally : Paisley district (M. Y.) : Bute

(W. E.) : Campsie (M'D.).

Fam. Drassidae.

Drassus cupreus, Bl. — Gen. dist. and abund. : Bute, and Arran ; to Campsie

and Elvanfoot ( = D. lapidicolens of Messrs. Young and others).
D. pubescens, Thor. — Nr. Paisley (M. Y.) : Auldmurroch (H. C. Y.) : Arran

(W. E.).
D. troglodytes, G. L. K. — Widely dist. : Bute, and Peaton (W. E.) : Dunoon

(Dr. C.) : Paisley (M. Y.) : Elvanfoot (W. E.).
D. mysticus, Cb.- — Described by O. P. C. from specimens got under bark of

fallen firs nr. Paisley, by M. Y. (Proc. Dors. N.H. Club, xv. (1894), p. 104).
Prosthesima nigrita (Fab.).— Ad. m., Prestwick 7/1879 (H. C. Y.).
P. latreillii, C. L. K.— Ad. m., nr. Ayr 7/1897, T. W. Only previous Scottish

record — Balmoral 6/1879 (O. P. C. in Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 5th

ser., iv. 209).
P. lutetiana, L. K.— The Rev. O. P. C. in 1878 received from Mr. H. C.

Young, an ad. f. " found at Dunmore in Scotland " (Ann. and Mag. of

Nat. Hist. 9/1879, p. 210), but in " Spid. Dors." the locality is altered

to " Dunnon." I can find no reference to the species in any of Mr.

Young's notes or journals. On 30th June, 1900, females — both adult

and immature — were found by myself in some numbers among shingle

at Peaton, L. Long.
Macaria pulicaria (Sund.}. — Paisley district (M. Y.) : Gadder ; Baldernock ;

Prestwick (H.C.Y.).
Clllbiona terrestris, Westr. — C. : Bute, and Arran ; to Campsie and Lanark

district.
C. reclusa, (76.— Mod. c. : Glasgow dist. (H. C. Y.) : Paisley (M. Y.) : Bonhill

(J. R. M.) : Bute ; Lanark (W. E.).
C. lutescens, Westr. — Paisley district (M. Y.).
C. holosericea, De G., Cb.— Cadder ; Prestwick (H. C. Y.) : Paisley (M. Y.) :

Ayr (T. W.) : Peaton : Bute ; and Arran, fairly c.
C. pallidula, Clk.— Inversnaid (O. P. C., Entom., 1877) : Milngavie (H.C. Y.):

Peaton (W. E.).

ARANEIDEA. 321

C. diversa, Gb. ( = C. pallens, (76., Spid. Dors.). — Not unc. : Paisley district
(M.Y.): Crawford (A. W. P. C.) : Campsie (M'D.) : Bute; Elvanfoot
(W. E.).

C. trivialis, L.K. — Rather c., moorland districts : Arran: Peaton : Campsie.

C. brevipes, Bl. — Glasgow district (H. C. Y.).

C. comta, C. L. K.—C. : Paisley (M. Y.) : Ayr (T. W.) : Arran : Campsie :
Cleghorn (W.E.).

Chiracanthium carnifex (F.). — C., moors : Craigmaddie (H. C. Y.) : Mug-
dock (W. R. B.) : Arran ; Dunoon ; Peaton (W. E.).

C. lapidicolens, Sim. ( = C. nutrix, (76., Spid. Dors.). — R,: Milngavie, one;
Arran, one (H. C. Y.) : Monkton, 8/1899, f. (T. W.).

Zora maculata (BL). — Campsie Glen (M'D.).

Anyphaena accentuata (IVlk.). — Haugh Glen, 8/1879, abund. (H. C.Y.).

Agroeca proxima, (76. — Kilmalcolm (H. C. Y.) : Bute (W. E.).

A. gracilipes, (Bl.) — Douglas, 11/1900, f. not quite mature — named for me
by O. P. C.

Fam. Dictynidae.

Dictyna arundinacea (L.). — Abund. in moorland districts : Craigmaddie
(H. C. Y.) : Campsie (M'D.) : Irvine (T. W.) : Peaton ; Dunoon ; Arran;
Elvanfoot : &c.

Amaurobius similis (BL). — C. and general, usually about outhouses : Ard-
peaton : Douglas : &c.

A. fenestralis (Sir.) — Gen. dist., and very c.

Fam. Agelenidae.

Cryphoeca silvicola (C. L. K.). — Widely dist. ; c. : Arran : Erskine Ferry

(H. C. Y.) : Campsie : Elvanfoot : &c.
Argyroneta aquatica, Latr. — Possil Marsh, 1868-69, and in old quarry-hole,

nr. Partick (J. M. Campbell, Scot. Nat., vol. v., p. 311) : Possil Marsh,

1877 (H. C. Y., Proc. N. H. S. Glas., iii., p. 351).
Tegenaria atrica, C. L. A".— In a warehouse Forth Street, Port Dundas,

Glasgow, 2/1878 (H. C. Y.).

T. derhamii (Scop.). — C. houses throughout the area.
Textrix denticulata (Oliv.) ( = T. lycosina, BL). — Gen. dist. and abund.:

Ailsa Craig (F. L. G.) : Arran, &c., to Elvanfoot.

Fam. Hahniidae.

Hahnia helveola, Sim. — Ad. m. in moss on bank of Mouse Water above
Cartland Craigs 27/10/1900 (W. E.), named by O. P. C. First record for
Scotland.

H. montana (BL). — Widespread and not unc. : Goatfell ; Cartland Craigs ;
&c. (W. E.).

Fam. Theridiidae.

Theridion sisyphium (Clk.). — Abund. all over the area.

T. denticulatum ( Wlk.).— Clarkfield (H. C. Y.) : Bonhill (J. R. M.) :

Rothesay (W. E.).

T. varians, ffahn.— Glasgow (H. C. Y.) : Ayr 6/1898, f. (T. W.).
T. pictum, Hahn.— Glasgow (H. C. Y.).
T. tepidariorum, C. L. K. — C. in greenhouses : Hamilton Palace, &c.,

(H. C. Y.) : Glasgow (W. R. B.) : Arran ; Ardpeaton (W. E.).
T. bimaculatum (L.).— Auchinloch, 1879, one f. (H. C. Y.)— named by O. P. C.

I think this is the first record for Scotland.
T. pallens, ^.—Paisley (M. Y.) : Allander (H. C. Y.) : Bonhill (J. R. M.) :

Lanark ; Cleghorn Gl. (W. E.).

Pholcomma gibbum ( Westr.).— Paisley (M. Y.) : Bute ; Elvanfoot (W. E.).

X

322 ARACHNIDA.

Nesticus cellulanus (Clk.). — Paisley district (M. Y.) : Fossil ; Haugh Gl. ;

Prestwick ; &c. (H. C. Y.) : Campsie (M'D.) : Cleghorn Gl. ; Arran

(W. E.).

PhyLLonethis lineata (Clk.). — C. : Ayr : Bute : Dunoon : Lanark : &c.
Steatoda bipunctata (L). — M. in window of cellar Port Dimdas, Glasgow,

6/1878 ; f. 7/1879 (H. C. Y.) : Ayr, imm. m., 5/1900 (T. W.).
Euryopis flavomaculata, (C. L. K). — Nr. Paisley (M. Y.).
Asagena phalerata, Panz. — Nr. Troon (W. R. B.).
Pedanostethus arundinetus ((76.) (=Neriene clarkii, Cb.).— Ad. m. nr.

Paisley (M. Y.), and sent to O. P. C. 1866 (v. Trans. Linn. Soc., xxvii.,

p. 443).

P. lividus (Bl.)' — Gen. dist., and abund. especially in upland districts.
P. neglectus (Cb.). — Nr. Paisley, a m. (M. Y.).
Tapinopa longidens (Wid.) ( = T. unicolor, Cb.). — Nr. Paisley (M. Y.):

Erskine Ferry ; Milngavie (H. C. Y.).
Bolyphantes bucculentus (Clk.) ( = Linyphia frenata, Cb. Spid. Dors.).-

Nr. Glasgow (H. C. Y.).
B. alticeps (Sund). — Gadder ; Erskine F. ; Wishaw (H. C. Y.) : Campsie

(M'D.) : Douglas (W. E.).
B. luteolus (Bl). — Gen. dist., and c.

B. expunctus (Cb.). — Nr. Glasgow (H. C. Y., v. Spid. Dors.).
Drapetisca socialis (Sund.). — Gadder ; Loup of Fintry (H. G. Y.) : Elvan-

foot (W. E.).
Stemonyphantes lineata (L.) ( = L. bucculenta, Cb. Spid. Dors.). — Arran :

Ayr (T. W.) : Prestwick ; Wishaw (H. C. Y.).

Linyphia insignis, Bl. — Glasgow district (H. C. Y.): Lanark ; Douglas (W. E.).
L. montana (Clk.). — Ayr; Irvine (T. W.) : Dunoon (Dr. C.): Glasgow

district (H. C. Y.) : Helensburgh (For.) : Bonhill (J. E. M.) : Paisley

(M. Y.).

L. triangularis (Clk.). — Abund. throughout : Bute ; to Campsie, and Craw-
ford John (W. E.).
L. peltata, Wid.— Fairly c. : Cumbernauld ; Gadder (H. C. Y.) : Ayr (T. W.) :

Arran ; Cleghorn Gl.
L. pusilla, Sund.. — C. locally: Blairmore; Bonhill; Gl. Kinglas (H.C. Y.):

Paisley (M. Y.) : Ayr (T. W.) : Arran ; Bute ; Cleghorn ; Elvanfoot.
L. hortensis, Sund.— Paisley (M. Y.) : Ayr, 5/1900, in. (T. W.).
L. clathrata, Sund. — Widely dist. and c. : Bute ; Arran : Glasgow district

(H. C. Y.) : Cleghorn ; &c.
Labulla thoracica ( Wid.). — Arran ; Peaton ; Carluke : Glasgow district ;

Campsie ; etc.
Leptyphantes minutus (BL). — Widespread, but not very c. : Glasgow

district (H. C. Y.) : Campsie (M'D.) : Douglas ; Elvanfoot ; Bute.
L. nebulosus (Sund.). — Warehouse in Port Dundas, Glasgow, plentiful

(H. C. Y.).
L. leprosus (OhL). — Glasgow district (H. C. Y.) : Kilmalcolm (For.) : Arran

(W. E.).
L. terricola (C.L.K.) ( = L. alacris (Bl.)). — Bather c. : Glasgow district

(H. C. Y.) : Paisley (M. Y.) : Bute ; Peaton ; Lanark ; etc.
L. blackwallii, Kulcz. ( = Linyphia zebrina, Cb. Spid. Dors.). — Gen. dist.,

and usually abund.
L. cristatus, Menge. — Allauder (H. C. Y.) : Cleghorn GL, ad. m., 10/1900

(W. E.).
L. obscurus (BL). — Bather scarce : Paisley (M. Y.) : Glasgow district

(H. C. Y.) : Bonhill (J. B. M.) : Arran ; Peaton (W. E.).
L. pallidus (Cb.).— Hamilton, 8/1878 (H. C. Y.).
L. tennis (Bl.) ( = Linyphia tenebricola, Cb. Spid. Dors.). — Gen. dist. and

very c.

ARANEIDEA. 323

L. ericaeus (BL). — C. among heather : Paisley (M. Y.) : Arran ; Elvarifoot ;

Leadhills (W. E.).
Bathyphantes variegatus (BL).—C., upland districts : Arran ; to Campsie,

Kilsyth, and Leadhills.
B. concolor ( Wid.).—Gen. dist., but much more c. in some districts than

others.
B. approximate (Cb.). — Haugh Glen (H. C. Y.) : m. and f., Strathaven,

Lanarkshire (Ferg.).

B. nigrinus ( Westr.).— Castlecary Gl. (H. C. Y.) : Arran ; Douglas (W. E.).
B. gracilis (BL). — Widespread : Arran ; Bute : Paisley (M. Y.) : Cleg-
horn ; etc.
B. dorsalis ( Wid.).— C. : Paisley (M.Y.): Allander ; Gl. Kinglas, etc.

(H.C.Y.): Cleghorn; Elvanfoot.
Porrnomma pygmaeum (BL). — Paisley (M. Y.) : Bute ; Cleghorn Glen

(W. E.) : nr. Glasgow (H. C. Y.) ; (recorded as Neriene barbata, T/ior., by

O.P.C. Ann. and Mag. of N. H., 1879).
P. adipatum (L. K.) ( = Linyphia reticulata, Cb. Spid. Dors.}. — Cairndow,

head of L. Fyne ; summit of Ben line, 7/1878 (H. C. Y.).
Hilaira excisa (Cb.) ( = Nierene excisa, Cb. Trans. Linn. Soc., xxvii., p.

440). — The type specimen (an ad. m.) captured nr. Paisley by M. Y. in

1866.
Tmeticus rufus ( Wid.).— Gadder Wilderness (H. C. Y.) : Braidwood Gl.

(W. E.).

T. hardii (BL).-A m. nr. Elvanfoot, 9/1900 (W. E.).
T. scopiger (Grube.) ( = Linyphia rufa, Cb. Spid. Dors.). — Glasgow district

(H. C. Y. ; see Spid. Dors., p. 521) : one, f., between Elvanfoot and

Leadhills, 9/1900 (W. E.).
T. abnormis (BL).— Bute; Arran (W. E.) : Paisley (M. Y.) : Cumbernauld

Gl. (H. C. Y.). This last was recorded as Neriene (Erigone) Douglasii,

Cb., and in H. C. Y.'s journal it is also entered as Linyphia linguata, Cb.,

from Cadder ; Craigton ; and Ben Ime.
T. montigena (L. K.) ( = Neriene rudis, Cb. Spid. Z>ors.)— "Nr. Glasgow''

(H. C. Y. fide O. P. C.). Doubtless the " Neriene sp. n." in Mr. Young's

journal, found under stones on summit of Ben Ime, 13/7/1878. Several

(both sexes), nr. Leadhills, 1/10/1900 (W. E.).

T. bicolor (BL).— Kilmalcolm (For.) : Bute : c. in Lanarkshire (W. E.).
T. concinnus (Thor.). — Ad. m. taken by me at Carstairs, 10/1899.
T. sylvaticus (BL).— Arran ; Douglas, m. and f. (W. E.) : Campsie (M'D.).
T. prudens (Cb.).— Ad. m. Crawford, Lanarkshire, 9/1898 (A. W. P. C.).
Microneta^subtilis (Cb.).— In 11/1900, I got a f. nr. Douglas, Lanarkshire,

which O. P. C. refers to this form. It is new to the Scottish list.
M. viaria (BL).— Paisley district (M. Y.) : Cadder ; Clarkfield (H. C. Y.) :

Arran ; Douglas.
M. rurestris (C. L. K.) ( = M. (Neriene) fuscipalpis, Cb. Spid. Dors.).—C. :

Paisley (M. Y.) : Craigenglen (H. C. Y.) : Peaton ; Cleghorn ; Elvanfoot.

Specimens from all these localities were named fuscipalpis by O. P. C.
M. sublimis (Cb.). — Adults, both sexes, under stones nr. Elvanfoot end of

9/1900 (W.E.).
M. saxatilis (BL). — Nr. Paisley (M. Y.). Eecorded under Erigone and Neriene

by O. P. C. (Entom. 1877, and Spid. Dors.).
Sintula diluta (Cb.).— Arran, 4/1895, one (W. E.).
Maso sundevallii ( Westr.).— Cartlaiid Crags, 10/1900, one (W. E.).
Gongylidium rufipes (Sund.).— Glasgow district (H. C. Y.) : Lanark, f.

(AV. E.).

G. fuscum (BL).— Renfrew. (M. Y.) : Bowling (Ferg.) : Elvanfoot (W. E.).
G. agreste (BL).— Brodick, 4/1895 (W. E.).
G. retusum ( Westr.). — Nr. Paisley (M. Y.).

324 ARACHNIDA.

G. apicatum (Bl.).—Nr. Paisley (M. Y.).

G. dentatum ( Wid.).— Arran ; Cleghorn Gl. (W. E.).

Gpngylidiellum latebricplum(C'6.). — Nr. Paisley (M. Y.).

Tiso vagans (SI.) ( = Neriene longimana, Cb. Spid. Dors.). — Eenfrewshire

(M. Y.) : Bowling (Ferg.) : Arran (W. E.).

Erigone longipalpis (Sund.). — Renfrew. (M. Y.) : Bute ; Arran (W. E.).
E. promiscua (Cb.).— Brodick, m. (W. E.) : Prestwick (H. C. Y.).
E. dentipalpis ( Wid.).—C. : Corrie (F. L. G.) : Port Duuclas (H. C. Y.) :

Cambuslang (Ferg.) : Lanark ; Peaton ; Bute (W.E.).
E. atra (BL).— Widespread: Corrie (F. L. G.): Renfrew. (M. Y.) : Lanark

(W. E.).

Lpphomma punctatum (BlJ.—'Nr. Paisley (M. Y.).
Dicymbium nigrum (BL). — Not r. ; Bowling (Ferg.) : nr. Paisley (M. Y.) :

Crawford (A. W. P. C.) : Bute ; Lanark ; Carstairs ; Elvanfoot (W.E.).
Neriene rubens, BL — Gen. dist. and c.
N. rubella, BL— Campsie, one (M'D.).
Dicyphus (Gonatium) bituberculatus ( Wid.).— Locally c. : Paisley (M. Y.) :

Bowling (Ferg.) : Cleghorn Gl. ; Bute ; Arran.

Dismodicus bifrons (BL).— Paisley (M. Y.) : Arran ; Peaton (W. E.).
Diplocephalus cristatus (BL). — Paisley (M. Y.) : Carluke ; Elvanfoot

(W. E.).

D. latifrons (Cb.).— S. Barr, nr. Paisley (M. Y.).
D. alpinus (Cb.). — Cambuslang (Ferg.) : Peaton ; Cartland (W. E.).
D. picinus (BL). — Glen and Blackstone, Renfrew. (M. Y.).
D. fuscipes (BL). — Widespread, and c. : Bute and Arran, to Douglas.
Entelecara flavipes (BL). — Craigielea, Renfrew. (M. Y.).
Savignia frontata, BL — C. and general ; Bute ; Arran and Ayr ; to

Campsie and Lanark.
Lophocarenum nemorale(Z>£.). — Paisley Moss (M. Y.) : nr. Lanark, m., Dec.

(W. E.).
Peponocranium ludicrum (Cb.).— Paisley (M. Y.) : Bonhill (J. R. M.) :

Campsie (M'D.) : Elvanfoot ; Arran (W. E.).

Minyriolus pusillus ( Wid.). — Glen, Renfrew. (M. Y. fide Mr. Taylor).
Araeoncus humilis (BL). — Nr. Lanark, ad. m. (W. E.).
A. crassiceps ( Westr.). — Ad. m's. c. among sand on beach, Brodick B., 4/1895,

(W E.).

Pocadicnemis pumilus (BL). — Renfrew., several localities (M. Y.).
Troxochrus hiemalis (BL). — S. Barr, Renfrew. (M. Y.).
Cnephalocotes obscurus (BL). — Nr. Paisley (M. Y.).
C. curtus, Sim. — Both sexes in considerable numbers 011 upper part of beach

at Brodick B., 4/1895 (W. E.). : C.fuscus, Cb., described in 1899 was from

Banff not Crawford.
Tapinocyba pallens (Cb.). — Ad. m. among withered leaves in Braidwood

Gl., 2/12/99 (new to British list) ; another m. at Cartland Crags,

27/10/1900 (W. E.).
Caledonia evansii, Cb. — Mm. and ff. on Lowther Hills, nr. Leadhills,

1/10/1900 (W.E.). The only other loc. known is Pentland Hills, nr. Edin-
burgh, where I found the type specimen, 9/1893.

Wideria antica ( Wid.). — Nr. Paisley (M. Y.) : Lanark ; Douglas (W. E.).
Walckenaera acuminata, BL — Paisley Moss, &c. (M. Y.): Bowling (Ferg.):

Cumbernauld GL, &c. (H. C. Y.) : Bonhill (J.R.M.): Arran; Bute;

Carluke ; Douglas ; Elvanfoot.
W. obtusa, BL — Craigielea, nr. Paisley (M. Y.).
W. midipalpis ( Westr.) — Blackstone, nr. Paisley (M. Y.).
W. capito ( Westr.).— R. : ad. m. nr. Paisley ; 9/1893 (M. Y) (O. P. C. Proc.

Dors. F. C., vol. xv., p. 113).
Cornicularia karpinskii (Cb.). — Ad. m. Cornicularia from summit of Green

ARANEIDEA. 325

Lowther, 1/10/1900, (W.E.) is, O. P. C. says, referable to this. The type

was sent from Siberia. First record for British Isles.
Ceratinella brevis ( Wid.}. — Paisley (M. Y.) : Braidwood and Cleghorn Gls. ;

Douglas ; Arran (W. E.).
C. brevipes ( Westr.}. — Craigielea nr. Paisley (M. Y.) : Arran ; Lanark

(W. E.).

Fam. Mimetidae.

Ero thoracica ( Wid.)— Greenan Castle, Ayrshire (H. C. Y.) : Arran ; Bute :
Cartland Craigs (W. E.).

Fam. Epeiridae.

Tetragnatha extensa (L.} — C. : Arran ; Leadhills (W. E.) : Dunoon ; Gl.

Kinglas ; Lochgoilhead ; Allander, &c. (H. C. Y.) : Ayr (T. W.).
Pachygnatha degeerii, Sund. — Gen. dist. and c.
P. clerckii, Sund. — Not r. : Glasgow district ; Kilmalcolm (H. C. Y.) :

Bute ; Arran ; Campsie ; Elvanfoot.
Meta segmentata (Clk.}. — Abund. everywhere: Arran and Bute ; to

Crawfordjohn and Elvanfoot.
M. merianae, Scop. — Widespread and fairly c. : numerous localities from

Arran ; Troon ; and Dunoon ; to Campsie ; Kilsyth ; and Cleghorn.
M. menardi (Latr.). — Vaults under Craignethan Castle (W. R. B., Proc.

N.H.S., Glasgow, vol. ii. (N. s.) p. xix.): Cairndow ; Ben Ime(H. C. Y.):

Dairy (T. W.) : reported as c. in caves Ailsa Craig; specimens twice sent

me for identification (see Annals S. N. H., 1898, p. 239).
Singa hamata (Clk.}.— Craigmaddie Moor, c., 9/77 and 7/79 (H. C. Y.).
Zilla X-notata (Clk.}. — C. in Glasgow district (H. C. Y.) : Rothesay ; Corrie;

and Lanark (W. E.) : Dairy (F. L. G.) : Helensburgh (For.).
Z. atrica (C. L. K.}. — Gen. dist. and abund.
Epeira diademata (Clk.}. — Abund. all over area : specimens from rocks and

walls at Elvanfoot and other upland localities, are of the dark variety.
E. cucurbitina (Clk.}. — Not r. : Paisley district (M. Y.) : several places iir.

Glasgow (H. C. Y.) : Arran ; Lanark (W. E.).

E. triguttata (Fab.} ( = E. agalena, Spid. Dors.} — Paisley district (M. Y.).
E. umbratica (Clk.}.— Both well (Dr. C.) : Barr (Ferg.).
E. quadrata (Clk.} — Locally c. on heather, &c. ; Craigmaddie, &c. (H. C. Y.) ;

Ayr (T. W.) : Arran ; Bute ; Dunoon ; L. Long ; Elvanfoot.
E. cornuta (Clk.}. — C. locally on rushes, &c. : Paisley district (M. Y.) :

Allander, &c. (H.O.Y.): Helensburgh (For.): Dunoon (Dr. C.) : Ayr,

&c. (T. W.) : Arran : Cleghorn : Elvanfoot.

Fam. Thomisidae.

Xysticus cristatus (Gil'.}. — Abund. all over the area.

X. pini, Hahn. — A f. Xysticus taken on Ailsa Craig a few years ago bv

Mr. F. L. Grant, referred by O. P. C. to this.
X. ulmi, Hahn. — In H. C. Y.'s journal, a f. of this form, determined by

O. P. C., is marked "Glasgow district."
Oxyptila atomaria (Panz.} ( = 0. horticola (C. L. K.), Spid. Dors.}. — Cadder

Wilderness, 6/1878, f. (H. C. Y.).
0. tnix (Bl.}.— Glasgow district (H. C. Y.) : Ayr (T. W.) : Kirkintilloch

(M'D.) : Cleghorn ; Douglas (W. E.).
Philodromus aureolus (Clk.}. — Plentiful : Glasgow district ; Prestwick ;

&c. (H. C. Y.) : Dunoon (Dr. C.) : Bute ; Arran ; &c.
Tibellus oblongus ( ^Ylk.}. — Abund. on Ayrshire Coast (H. C. Y.) : Troon

(W. R. B.).

Fam. Pisauridae.
Pisaura mirabilis (Clk.}.— Inchtavanach, 6/1879 (H.C. Y.): Brodick, (W.E.).

326 ARACHNIDA.

Fam. Lycosidae.

Pirata piraticus (Clk.). — In marshy places : Cairndow (H.C. Y.): Bishopton

(Ferg.) : Bute ; Arran ; L. Long ; Elvanfoot.
P. hygrophihis, Thor.—L, Peaton, L. Long, 8/1900 (W. E.)-
P. knorrii (Scop.). — Arran ; (reed, by Dr. L. Koch from Mr. Kyle). This

is the only British Eecord (v. O. P. C., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878,

p. 124).
Trochosa ruricola (De G.). — C., especially on coast : Glasgow district

(H. C. Y.) : Paisley district (M. Y.) : Ayr (T. W.) : Dunoon : Arran.
T. terricola, Thor. — Gen. dist., and usually fairly c.
T. leopardus (Sund.). — Decidedly local : Paisley district (M. Y.) : Arran

(H. C. Y.) : Brodick (W. E.).
T. picta (Hahn). — C. on sandhills, Ayrshire ; Arran (W. E.) : Sandpits at

Tollcross (H. C. Y.).
Tarentula andrenivora ( Wlk.). — Sparsely but widely dist. : Loup of Fintry ;

Allander ; Prestwick (H.C. Y.) : Lendalfoot (T. W.) : Arran ; Elvanfoot

(W. E.).
T. pulverulenta (Clk.). — Abund. in hilly districts : Arran ; Dunoon ; Kil-

pa trick ; Campsie Hills ; Crawford ; Elvanfoot.

T. aculeata (Clk.). — Arran ; reed, by Dr. L. Koch (O. P. C., Entom. : 1877).
T. miniata, C. Z. K.— One, f., Prestwick 7/1878 (H. C. Y.).
Lycosa amentata (Clk.). — Abund. all over area.

L. agricola, Thor. — C. among shingle on the beach, Peaton, 6/1900 (W. E.).
L. annulata, Thor. — O. P. C. referred to this a poor specimen from Corrie

sent him by F. L. G.

L. nigriceps, Thor. — Widespread, and not unc. : Haugh Gl. (H. C. Y.) : Bon-
hill (J. R. M.) : Arran ; Bute ; Cleghorn.
L. pullata (Clk.). — Very c. everywhere.
L. prativaga, C. L. K. ( = L. prativaga + L. riparia, Cb. Spid. Dors.). — A

Lycosa from Corrie (Mr. Grant) was named riparia by O. P. C. This

and L. annulata seem to me to need confirmation.
L. lugubris, Wlk. — C. in oak coppices nr. L. Lomond (W. E.).
L. palustris (L.). — C. in hilly districts : Arran ; Bute ; Elvanfoot ; Lowther

Hills (W. E.).
L. monticola (C. L. K.). — Prestwick ; Innellan ; Gadder (H. C. Y.) : Arran;

Bute (W. E.). In Scotland usually nr. the sea.

Fam. Salticidae.

Epiblemum scemcum(ClL). — C.: Gadder (H. C. Y.) : Dunoon (Dr. C.) : Ayr

(T. W.) : Lanark ; Elvanfoot.
E. cingulatum (Panz.).— Glasgow district in 1879 and 1880 (H. C. Y.fide

O. P. C.).

Heliophanus flavipes, C. L. A'.— Nr. Glasgow, 2 if., 6/1878 (H. C. Y.).
Neon reticulatus (BL). — Paisley district (M. Y.) : Cartland Craigs, several,

10/1900 (W.E.).
Euophrys frontalis ( Wlk.). — 2 ff., among shingle on beach, Peaton, 6/1900

(W. E.).

E. erraticus ( Wlk.).—- Nr. Paisley (M. Y.) : nr. Brodick (W. E.).
E. aequipes (Cb.). — Described by Mr. Cambridge (Trans. Linn. Soc., vol.

xxvii., p. 401), from a m. and f. captured by Morris Young, nr. Paisley,

in 1866.

Hasarius falcatus (Clk.). — Cleghorn, Lanarkshire (W. E. B.).
H. arcuatus (Clk.).— Paisley district (M. Y.).

H. adansonii (Sav.). — Adults of both sexes taken by M. Y. in exotic plant-
houses at Paisley in 1893 (O. P. C., Proc. Dors. F. C., xv., p. 115).

PHALANGIDEA. 327

ORDER PHALANGIDEA.

CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE : Rev. O. P. Cambridge, Monograph of
the British Phalangidea, or Harvest-men, 1890.

The present list is based almost entirely OH specimens collected by myself.
A few records have been got from the late H. C. Young's note-books ; and
Mr. G. M'Dougall has sent me a few specimens from Campsie.

Fam. Phalangiidae.

Liobunum rotundum (Latr.). — C. in most districts during summer and

autumn : Prestwick (H. C. Y.) : Arran : Lanark : &c.
Phalangium opilio, Linn. — Abimd. and general : Saltcoats and Arran ; to

Peaton, Campsie and Elvanfoot.
Platybunus corniger (Herm.). — Much less c. than either of the above, and

occurs chiefly in spring : Arran ; Peaton : Campsie (M'D.).
P. triangularis (Herbst.). — Fairly c., no doubt : Cleghorn ; Douglas : Campsie

(M'D.).
Megabumis insignis, Meade. — C. and widespread : Ardrossan ; Glasgow

district (H. C. Y.) : Campsie (M'D.) : Peaton : Cartland : Douglas :

Elyanfoot.

Oligolophus morio (Fabr.). — Gen. dist. and abund.
0. cinerascens (C.L.K.). — Examples, from the Glasgow district, were

received by Mr. Cambridge from H. C. Young.
0. agrestis (Meade.). — Abund. and general : Bute ; to Kirkintilloch, and

Leadhills.

0. hansenii (Kraep.). — Elvanfoot, 9 1900, fairly c. on spruce firs — deter-
mination verified by O. P. C. A recently described species, which seems

as yet to have been taken in Britain only by myself (cf. Proc. Roy. Phys.

Soc., xiv., 178).
0. tridens (C.L.K.). — Doubtless c. and widespread: Campsie (M'D.):

Douglas : Elvanfoot.

Fam. Nemastomatidae.

Nemastoma lugubre (0. F. Mull.). — C. throughout the area.
N. chrysomelas (Herm.). — Bather scarce : between Elvanfoot and Leadhills
(W. E.) : Campsie (M'D.).

ORDER CHERNETIDEA.

CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE : Rev. O. P. Cambridge, Monograph of
the British Chernetidea, or False-Scorpions, 1892.

Fam. Cheliferidae.
Obisium muscomm, Leach. — Seems to be c. all over the area : Kilpatrick

Hills (H. C. Y.) : Campsie (M'D.): Paisley (J. M. B. Taylor) : Milngavie;

Giffnock (A. A. Dalglish) : Brodick ; Carluke ; Douglas ; Elvanfoot

(W. E.).
Chelifer (sp. ?). — Mr. Macnaught Campbell writes me that he has a note of

" Chelifer museorum" found in a press in the Glasgow Museum. He is

not positive, however, about the identification.

LAND, FRESH-WATER, AND MARINE CRUSTACEA.

BY THOMAS SCOTT, F.L.S., Mem. Soc. Zool. de France, F.R.Ph.S.E.,
Corr. Mem. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Socs. of Glasgow, etc.

ORDER PODOPHTHALMA.

AUTHORITIES AND REFERENCES.

(F. S. G.) = The Statistics of the work of the Fishery Board, S.S. " Garland."
(H.)-Prof. J. R. Henderson "The Higher Crustacea of the Clyde" (N.H.

Soc. Glasg. Trans., vol. i. (N. S.) p. 315.
(M.) = MS. records of Sir John Murray's S.Y. " Medusa."
(A. M. N.) = Rev. Canon A. M. Norman, F.R.S., " A Revision of the British

species of Schizopoda" (Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1892).
(R.) = Records of the late Dr. Robertson, Millport.
(C.) = Dr. W. Y. Caiman, Dundee, " On the genus Pandalus."
(S.) = Thomas Scott, F.L.S.

NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION FOLLOWED.

Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, "History of the Crustacea," 1893 (Intern.
Scient. Ser.).

Shall, w. = shallow water ; 1. m. w. = low water of ordinary or spring tides ;
d. w. = deep water ; bet. t. m. = between tide marks ; h. w. = high water.

[Insufficiently attested or doubtful species are enclosed within square
brackets.]

Sub-Order Brachyura.

Fam. Cancridae.

Cancer pagurus, Lin. — C. on rocky shores (H.).
Xantho hydrophilus (Herbst.). — One captured at mouth of estuary 15/6/1899

(F. S. G.). Fishery Board's Coll., Aberdeen.
Pilumnus hirtellus, (Lin.). — Portloy, Cumbrae, under stones at 1. w. (R.).

Apparently r.

Fam. Portunidae.

Carcinus maenas (Penn.). — C. bet. t. m., and in shall, w. inshore ; sometimes

in 10-20 f. upwards.
Portunus puber (Lin.). — Cumbrae ; Lamlash B. ; L. Fyne (H.) : Shallow

Bays, Barmore (S.).

P. depurator (Lin.). — The most c. Portunus in the Clyde (H.).
P. corrugatus (Penn.). — One off Tan Buoy, 8 f. (H.). "
P. arcuatus, Leach. — F. of Clyde, not r.
P. pusillus, Leach. — Mod. c. ; hard ground, down to 30 f. (H.) : nr. Fort

Matilda, Greenock (S.).

PODOPHTHALMA 329

P. marmoreus, Leach.— Several localities (H.).

Portumnus latipes (Penn.). — Washed ashore, Irvine sands (R.).

Fam. Corystidae.
Corystes cassivelaunus, (Penn.). — Kames B., Cumbrae, sand below 1. w. m.

(R) : small male at mouth of estuary, 15/6/99 (F. S. G.).

Atelecyclus septemdentatus (Mont.}. — One from Alland Bank, Mill-
port B. (R).

Fam. Ocypodidae.

Gonoplax rhomboides (Lin.). — Ayrshire coast (G. & M.) : nr. Ailsa Craig
(trawled, F. S. G.) : shore, Ardeer (J. Smith).

Fam. Pinnotheridae.

Pinnotheres pisum (Lin.). — Not unc. in M. modiolus, occasionally in
C. edule (H.).

Fam. Inachidae.

Macropodia rostratus (Lin.}.— Not unc. in lower Clyde.

M. longirostris (Fabr.). — Mod. c., gen. dist. ; more c. than M. rostratus.

[Achaeus cranchii, Leach. — One, off Cumbrae by Mr. Kennedy (R) :

U. L. Fyne, 10 f. (M.)].

Inachus dorsettensis (Penn.).—C. and gen. dist.
I. dorynchus, Leach. — Gen. dist., less c. than /. dorsettensis.
I. leptochirus, Leach. — F. of Clyde (A. M. N.) : bet. Cumbrae and Bute,

20 f., r. (R).

Fam. Maiidae.

[Mala squinado (Herb.). — Off Dunoon, 1878 (Flemyng): off Ardrossan (Maj.

Martin) : W. of Bute (Grieve) (See H.)].
Hyas araneus (Lin.). — C. and gen. dist., esp. inshore.
H. coarctatus, Leach. — C. and gen. dist., esp. in d. w.

Fam. Parthenopidae.

Eurynome aspera (Penn.). — Not c. ; 10-60 f. ; usually hard ground (H.) : off
Fort Matilda 10 f. (S.).

Fam. Leucosiidae.
Ebalia tuberosa (Penn.). — Gen. dist. ; usually hard ground, 5-50 f. (H.) : off

Fort Matilda (S.).
E. tumifacta (Mont.).—La,mla&h B. (G. ; H.) : Alland Bank, Millport B. (R.) :

Kilbrennan Sd., 15 f. (Brook.).
E. cranchiC Leach. — Lamlash B. (L. : M.) : off Lion Rock Cumbrae (Alex.

Patience) !

Sub-Order Macrura.

Fam. Lithodidae.

Lithodes maia (Lin.). — D. w. L. Fyne, and Clyde ; gen. dist. ; somewhat r.
(H. ; F. S. G.).

Fam. Pagnridae.

Eupagurus bernhardus (Lin). — Abund., more inshore than in d. w.

E. prideauxi (Leach). — Mod. c., more in d. w. than inshore.

E. cuanensis (Thomp.). — Skelmorlie Bank ; off Portincross; Cumbrae ; Lam-
lash B. ; not very c. (H.).

E. pubescens (Kr.). — Mod. c. ; hard ground ; usually enveloped by Hymeni-
acidon tuberea (H.).

Anapagurus hyndmanni (Thomp.).— F. of Clyde, 10-15 f. (A.M.N.): off
Cumbrae (R.) : E. L. Tarbert (S.).

330 CRUSTACEA.

A. laevis (Thomp.}. — Gen. dist., 10-105 f. (H.) : mod. freq. in Clyde and

L. Fyne.
A. chiroacanthus (Lillj.). — Skelmorlie Bank ; off Portincross ; Tan Buoy ;

Lamlash B. (H.) : E. L. Tarbert (S.).

Fam. Porcellanidae.

Porcellana platycheles (Penn.). — Under stones, nr. Cunibrae ; Lamlash B.

(H.) : Lunderston B. (S.).
P. longicornis (Lin.). — C. and gen. dist., more freq. inshore ; usually hard

ground.

Fam. Galatheidae.

Galathea squamifera, Leach. — Under stones 1. w., Cumbrae ; Lamlash B. ;

off Fairlie (H.) : U. L. Fyne (M.) : E. L. Tarbert ; Lunderston B.
G. nexa, Embleton. — L. Fyne, 20-40 f. ; Tan Buoy, 7-8 f. ; Lamlash B. ;

Skelmorlie Bank ; etc. (H.) ; U. L. Fyne (M.).
G. dispersa, Bate. — Mod. c. and gen. dist. ; usually hard ground.
G. intermedia, Lillj.— G. hard ground, 10-20 f. (H.) : L. Fyne 10-20, f. (M.).
G. strigosa, Fabr. — Under stones at 1. w. spring tides, Cumbrae ; young

dredged off Roseneath Pt., 15 f., hard ground (H.) : Strachur B. (S.).
Munida rugosa (Fabr.).— Gen. dist. and mod. c., usually d. w.

Fam. Thalassinidae.

Jaxea nocturna, Nardo. — -Adult fragments twice (1899) in fish stomachs nr.

Ailsa Craig (F. G. Pearcey) : Young at times freq. in bottom tow-net

(F.S.G.).

Fam. Thaumastochelidae.
Calocaris macandreae, Bell. — L. Fyne, 40-105 f.; off Tarbert ; offWemyssB.,

40 f. ; off Brodick B., 93 f. (H.).

Fain. Palinnridae.
Palinums vulgaris, Latr. — Off Campbeltown ; L. Fyne (H.) : r.

Fam. Nephropsidae.

Nephrops norvegicus (Lin.). — C., usually d. w.

Astacus gammarus (Lin.). — Rocky shores nr. mouth of Firth, c., (H.) :
E. L. Tarbert, etc.

Fam. Crangonidae.

Crangon vulgaris (Lin.). — Mod. c. ; shall, w. inshore, on sandy, weedy

bottom.

C. allmanni, Kinahan. — C. and gen. dist., mostly in d. w.
Egeon sculptus (Bell.).— Lamlash B., 5 f., two (A. M. N.) ; off Muggie Pt.,

L. Cumbrae, 20 f., one (H.).
Pontophilus spinosus, Leach. — Not c. ; many localities as far up as Cloch

L.H., usually soft ground 20-60 f. (H.).

Cheraphilus nanus (Kr.). — Off Cumbrae (R.) : Ballantrae Bank (F. S. G.).
C. echinulentus, M. Sars. — Off Skate L, L. Fyne, 105 f., one (H.) : not very

r. at mouth of estuary (F. S. G.).
C. neglectus, G. 0. Sars. — Occasionally in E. L. Tarbert and vicinity,

5-20 f. (S.).

Fam. Nikidae.

Nika edulis, Risso.—Que off Skate L, 105 f. ; one off Brodick 93 f. (H.) :
occasionally in shrimp-trawl in seaward part of estuary (F. S. G.).

Fam. Hippolytidae.

Caridion gordoni (Bate). — Lamlash B. (A. M. N.) : not c. throughout Firth ;
d. w. (H.).

PODOPHTHALMA. 331

Hippolyte varians, Leach. — C. ; rock pools 1. w., and lam. zone (H.) : c.

E. L. Tarbert.

H. prideauxiana, Leach. — Shrimp trawl nr. mouth of estuary, 11/96 (F. S.G.).
[H. fascigera, Gosse. — E. L. Tarbert, amongst zostera,uot r. Now considered

to be a form of H. variansJ]
Spirontocaris spinus (Sowerby\ var. Hippolyte securifrons, Norm. — Is

mod. c. Typical S. spinus at mouth of estuary, but r. (vide Stebbing).
S. cranchii (Leach). — L. Fyne ; off Cumbrae ; off Craigmore ; Hawk's Neb,

Bute (H.) : E. L. Tarbert (S.).

S. pusiola (A>.).— Off Cumbrae (E,) : L. Goil ; L. Long (H.).
S. gaimardii (M. Edw.). — Gen. dist., prob. not very r. (H.).

Fam. Pandalidae.

Pandalus montagui, Leach. — C. and gen. dist. ; largest and most highly

coloured from d. w.

P. bonnieri, Caullery. — L. Fyne ; L. Long (Caiman).
P. propinquus, G. 6. Sars. — L. L. Fyne ; L. Long, 40 f. (Caiman).
Pandalina brevirostris, (Rathke). — C. and gen. dist. (H.)

Fam. Palaemonidae.

Leander squilla (Lin.). — C. ; rock pools (H.).
Palaemonetes varians (Leach). — Cumbrae at 1. w. (E.) : Inverkip (S.)

Fam. Pasiphaeidae.

Pasiphaea sivado (Risso).— Off Skate I. 105 f. (H.) : off Strachur 70 f. (M.) :
mid-water tow-net, L. L. Fyne ; not r. at mouth of estuary (F. S. G.).

Sub-Order Schizopoda.

ARRANGEMENT AND NOMENCLATURE FOLLOWED.

Eev. Canon A. M. Norman, F.E.S., D.C.L., "Eevision of the Brit. Species
of Schizopoda" (Ann. and Mag. N. H., Ser. 6, vol. ix., pp. 454-464, and Ser. 6,
vol. x., pp. 143-166 : and pp. -241-263, 1892).

Fam. Euphausiidae.
B-hoda raschii (M. Sars) (=Boreophausia raschii). — Gen. dist., sometimes c.

esp. in L. Fvne.
E. inermis (Kr.).— Clyde (Brook ; Hoyle). Off Sanda I. 20-27 f. (F. S. G.,

15/12/98).
Nyctiphan.es norvegica (M. Sars). — Gen. dist., usually more c. in L. Fyne

than elsewhere.
Thysanoessa neglecta (Kr.).— In bottom tow-net bet. Ailsa Craig and

Sanda I. 20 f. (F. S. G., 16/1/99).

Fam. Mysidae.

Siriella clausii, G. 0. Sars.—E. L. Tarbert ; L. Gilp ; r. (F. S. G.).
S. brooki, Norman.— E. L. Tarbert, 1886 (S.).
S. armata (M. Edw.). — Cumbrae, in surface tow-net, r. (E.) : E. L. Tarbert ;

L. Gilp (S.).
Gastrosaccus spinifer (Goes).— F. of Clyde (E.) ; nr. Sanda I. ; nr. Ailsa

Craig 20-30 f. ; S. of Davaar I. 7-10 f. (F. S. G.).

AncMalus agilis, G. 0. Sars.— Nr. Sanda I. 20-27 f. (F.S.G., 15/12/98).
Heteromysis formosa, S. L Smith. — Dredged, Tarbert Bank, L. L. Fyne

(F.S.G., 1899): r.
Erythrops elegans, G. 0. Sars. — Gen. dist. from U. L. Fyne to seaward

limits of estuary ; rarely captured except in bottom tow-net.
E. serratus, G. 0. Sars. — Dist. somewhat similar to E. elegans.

332 CRUSTACEA.

Mysidopsis didelphys (Norman}. — Off Cloch L.H. 43 f. (H.) : dist. from

U. L. Fyne to mouth of estuary.
M. gibbosa, G. 0. Sars. — Gen. dist. but not very c.

M. angusta, G. 0. Sars. — L. Fyne and nr. Ailsa Craig ; not c. (F. S. G.)
Leptomysis gracilis, G. 0. Sars. — U. L. Fyne ; nr. Ailsa Craig, etc.
L. lingvura, G. 0. Sars. — Gen. dist., but not very c.
Hemimysis lamornae (Couch). — Port Glasgow ; L. Goil (E.) : E. L. Tarbert ;

nr. Ailsa Craig ; Davaar I. (F. S. G.).
Praunus flexuosus (Miiller). — More or less c. ; usually more so inshore than

in d. w.
P. inermis (Rathke). — Cumbrae in Lam. zone (H.) : E. L. Tarbert, etc.

(F. S. G.).
[P neglectus (G. 0. Sars).— Month of L. Fyne 60 f. (H.) : never met with

by (S.)].
Schistomysis spiritus, Norman. — E. of Sanda I., surface tow-net 24/1/99

(F. S. G.).
S. ornata, (G. O.Sars). — Head of L. Fyne ; bet. Ailsa Craig and Sanda I. ;

scarce.
S. arenosa (G. 0. Sars). — E. L. Tarbert ; shallow water, not r. ; Ettrick B.,

Bute (1887) (S., A. M. N.).
Neomysis vulgaris (J. V. Thompson). — Dhu Loch, nr. Inveraray, not r. ; in

stomach of 15 spined stickleback nr. head of L. Fyne (S.). (Bell

suggests this = My sis integer recorded by Leach from L. Ranza. )

ORDER EDRIOPHTHALMA.

Sub-Order Sympoda.1

ARRANGEMENT AND NOMENCLATURE.
Prof. G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iii.

AUTHORITIES.

(R.) = Dr. Robertson, F.G.S., "Thirteen Cumacea from the Firth of Clyde r

(Nat. Hist. Soc. Glas. Trans., vol. iii. (N. S.), p. 47, 1889).
(S.) = Thomas Scott, F.L.S., "Scottish Cumaceans" (Ann. Scot. N. H., Oct.

1900). Rev. T. R. R. Stebbins, A History of the Crustacea.
(A. M.N.)=Rev. Canon A. M. Norman, D.C.L., F.R.S, "On a Crangon,

some Schizopoda and Cumacea, new or rare in the British Seas" (4th Ann.

Rep. Fish. Bd. for Scot., 1886).

[! See Stebbing on change of "Cuma" and "Cumacea" to "Bodotria," and "Sym-
poda," in Memoir On Crustacea brought by Dr. Willey from the South Seas (Camb. Univ.
Press) Dec. 1900].

Fam. Bodotriidae.

Bodotria arenosa, Goodsir. — Blackwaterfoot, Arran, 4-5 f. (R.).
B. scorpioides (Mont.). — Dredged, Ballantrae Bank, 6/9/98 (S.).

B. pulchella, G. 0. Sars. — Dredged nr. Sanda I. (S.).

Iphinoe trispinosa (Goodsir). — Plentiful Kames B., Millport; L. Ranza (R.):

U. L. Fyne ; Kilbrennan Sd. (S.).

I. serrata, Norman. — Kames B., Bute, 1887 ; off Ballantrae, 1899 (S.).
I. tenella, G. 0. Sars.— Clyde (Stebbing).
Cumopsis edwardsii (Spence Bate) ( = C. goodsiri), V. Ben.). — Shore pools

Millport (S.).

C. longipes (Dohrn). — Shore pools Millport (R. ; S.)

Fam. Vaunthompsoniidae.

Vaunthompsonia cristata, Sp. Bate. — E. L. Tarbert 1886 ; Ballantrae Bank,
15-20 f. 1899 (S.).

SYMPODA. 333

Fam. Lampropidae.

Lamprops fasciata, G. 0. Sars. — W. of Helensburgh Pier (E.) : E. L. Tar-
be rt ; Hunterston Sands (S.), freq.

Hemilamprops rosea (Norman). — U. L. Fyne ; Kilbrennan Sd. 1899, r. (S.)
H. cristata, G. 0. Sars.—F. of Clyde 1860 by Eobertson (A. M. N.).

Fam. Leuconidae.

Leucon nasica, Kroyer. — U. L. Fyne ; off Arran, E. side 43 f. (S.).
Eudorella emarginata (Kroyer). — Eothesay B., 12 f. (E.) : d. w. bet. Arran

and Ayrshire (S.).

E. truncatula (Sp. Bate). — L. Fyne ; nr. Ailsa Craig (S.).
Eudorellopsis deformis (Kroyer). — Nr. Ailsa Craig ; off Sanda I. (S.).

Fam. Diastylidae.

Diastylis rathkii (Kroyer).— E. L. Tarbert, 1886-87 (S.), r.

D. mgosa, G. 0. Sars. — L. Eanza, 5 f. ; Blackwaterfoot, Arran, 20 f. (E.) :

E. L. Tarbert, 1886 (S.).

D. lucifera (Kroyer). — Clyde district, mod. r. (S.).

D. rostrata (Goodsir). — Blackwaterfoot, 20 f. (E.): KamesB., Bute, 15 f. (S.).
D. tumida Lillj.—R., Blackwaterfoot, 20 f. (E.).
D. spinosa, Norman. — Dredged Blackwaterfoot ; W. side of Helensburgh

Pier 1. w. (E.).
Diastyloides biplicata, G. 0. Sars. — Blackwaterfoot, 20 f. (E.) : L. Fyne ;

off E. of Arran 40 f. ; nr. mouth of estuary 64 f. (S.).

Leptostylis villosa, G. 0. Sars. — Bet. Arran and Ayrshire coast, 40 f.
' 1896 (S.).

Fam. Pseudocumidae.

Pseudocuma cercaria (V.Ben.). — Kames B., Millport (E.) : freq. and

gen. dist.
P. similis, G. 0. Sars. — D. w. nr. seaward limit of estuary, 12/1899 (S.).

Fam. Nannastacidae.

Nannastacus unguiculatus, Sp. Bate. — Kames B., Millport, m. c. (E.) :
L. Fyne; Kilbrennan Sd., &c. (S.).

Cumella pygmaea, G. 0. Sars. — Cunibrae (E.) : L. Fyne ; Whiting B. ; Kil-
brennan Sd., &c. (S.).

Fam. Campylaspidae.

Campylaspis rubicunda (Lillj.). — U. L. Fyne, 30-40 f. ; E. of Arran, 40 f. ;

E. of Sanda L, 30 f. (S.).

C. sulcata, G. 0. Sars.— Single specimen off Cumbrae 20 f., 15/8/88 (A.M. N.).
C. COStata, G. 0. Sars.—'U. L. Fyne 30-40 f. ; Kames B., Bute, 15-20 f. (S.) :

off Cumbrae, 20 f. (A. M. N.).

Sub-Order Isopoda.

ARRANGEMENT AND NOMENCLATURE.
Sars, Prof. G. O., Crustacea of Norway, vol. ii.

AUTHORITIES.

(E.) = Eobertson, Dr. D., F.G.S., F.L.S., "Catalogue of the Amphipoda and
Isopoda of the Clyde," Parts i. and ii. (N. If. Soc. Glas. Trans., vol.
ii. iii. (N. S.).

Stebbing, Eev. T. E. E., History of the Crustacea.

(A. M.N.) = Norman, Eev. Canon, A.M., D.C.L., F.E.S., "British Isopoda
Chelifera " (Ann. and Mag. N. H., Ser. 7, vol. iii., 1899).

334 CRUSTACEA.

(S.) = Scott, Thos., F.L.S., "Notes on some Scottish marine Isopods" (Ann.
Scot. N. H., 1898).

EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS.

(R. I, 70) = reference to page 70, Part I. of Robertson's Catalogue.
(R. I, 24. 73, II, 15.) = recorded three times under different or corrected names.
This formula used both in Isopoda and Amphipoda.

Fam. Apseudidae.
Apseudes talpa (Mont.) — Roots of Laminaria Tan, Cumbrae, 7 f. (R. II, 28).

Fam. Tanaidae.

Tanais cavolinii, M.-Edw. (T. vittatus, Bate and Westw.). — Farland Pt.,

Cumbrae (A. M. N.) : amongst barnacles at 1. w. E. L. Tarbert (S.) :

Cumbrae (R. I, 70).
Paratanais batei, G. 0. Sars. — Cumbrae (R. I, 70) : L. L. Fyne ;

Whiting B. (S.).

Leptognathia longiremis, (Lillj.}.—L. Fyne (S.).
L. rigida, (Bate & Westw.}.— Nr. Tan Buoy 7-8 f. (R. I, 70).
L. breviremis (Lillj.). — Bet. Arraii and Ayrshire, 40 f. ; Tarbert Bank ;

L. L. Fyne, 25 f. (S.).

L. brevimana (Lillj.).—0ff San da I. 20-30 f. ; Ballantrae Bank, 14 f. (S.).
Tanaopsis laticaudata, G. 0. Sars.—Nr. Cumbrae (A. M. N. : R. II, 29):

L. Gair (L. Fyne), 2-3 f. ; Campbeltown L. 5 f. (S.).
Pseudotanais forcipatus (Lillj.).— Tarbert Bank; L. L. Fyne 25 f. (S.).

Fam. Gnathiidae.

Gnathia maxillaris (Mont.}. — Gen. dist. ; female more c. than male.
G. halidaii (Sp. Bate). — Kames B., Cumbrae (R. I, 71).

Fam. Aegidae.

Aega tridens, Leach. — Off S. end of Cumbrae ; nr. Arran (R. I, 72) :

Rothesay B. (S.) : parasitic on fishes.
,[Ae. rosacea (Risso), (Ae. bicarinata, Leach). — L. Fyne 15 f. (R. I, 72).].

Fam. Cirolanidae.

Cirolana borealis (Lillj.\ (C. spinipes, Bate and Westw.}. — Cumbrae ;
L. Cumbrae, N. side, 27 f. ; mouth of L. Fyne 37 f. (R. I, 73) : not r.
from d. w.

C. cranchii, Leach. — Farland Pt., Cumbrae, 14 f. r. (R. I, 72).

Conilera cylindracea (Mont.}. — Bet. Bute and Cumbrae, 50 f. (R. I, 73) :

F. of Clyde (A. M. N.).
Eurydice achata (Slabber), (E. pulchra, Leach.). — Fairly freq. shall, sandy

bays (R. I, 74).

Fam. Sphaeromidae.

Sphaeroma serratum (Fabr.). — Taken on Ayr sands (R. I, 81).

S. curtum, Leach. — Off Portincross, Ayrshire, 6 f. (R. I, 82).

S. rugicauda, Leach. — Brackish pools; Hunterston (R. I, 82) : Inverkip ;

Langbank, c. (S.).

;S. hookeri, Leach. — Brackish pool, S. side of L. Cumbrae (R. II, 29).
Dynamene mbra, Mont. — Cumbrae (A. M. N. vide R. I, 82).

D. viridis. Leach. — Bet. t. m., Portloy, Cumbrae (R. II, 29).

Naesa bidentata (Adams). — With the last at Portloy (R. I, 84). [Note. —
For last three species and D. montague, Leach., vide Stebbing, p. 361.]

Fam. Limnoriidae.

Limnoria lignorum (Rathke}. — C. on woodwork of piers and jetties
(R. I, 77).

ISOPODA. 335

Fam. Idotheidae.

Idothea baltica (Pallas), (I. tricuspidata, R.). — C. and gen. dist. (R. I, 79).
I* pelagica, Leach. — Amongst weeds at 1. w. Cumbrae (R. I, 79) : rocks nr.

1. w., E. L. Tarbert (S.).

I. emarginata (Fabr.).- Amongst weeds at 1. w., Cumbrae (R. I, 80).
I. linearis (Pennant). — In a sandy pool at 1. w., Cumbrae (R, I, 80).
Zenobiana prismatica, Risso, (Idotea parallela, R.). — Dredged bet. Tan

Buoy and Hawk's Neb, Bute, 50 f. (R. I, 80).
Stenosoma acuminata (Leach\ (Idotea acuminat a, R.). — Nr. 1. w., Cumbrae;

sandy pools, Kilchattan B. (R, I, 81).

Fam. Astacillidae.

Astacilla longicornis (Sowerby), (Arcturus longicornis, R.).— gen. dist.

(R. I, 78).

[A. gracilis (Goodsir). — (R. I, 78), is the male of A. longicornis (Sars.)].
Arcturella dilatata, G. 0. Sars. (Leacia dilatata, R.). — Off Blackwaterfoot,

Arran, 20 f. (R. II, 28).

Fam. Asellidae.
Asellus aquaticus (Lin.). — C., in fresh-water ponds, canals, &c. (R. I, 77)

Fam. Janiridae.

Janira maculosa, Leach. — L. w., Portloy, Cumbrae ; mouth of L. Fvne
40-60 f. ; off Dunoon 13 f. (R, I, 76) : E. L. Tarbert ; Gampbeltown L.,

&c. (S.).
Jaera marina (Fabr.). — C. in shall, w., and under stones bet. t. m.

(R. I, 74).
[J. nordmanni (Rathke). — (R. I, 75). Sars suggests that the form described

by Spence Bate under this name may not be the true Rathkian species

but the male of /. marina].

Fam. Munnidae.

Munna boeckii, Kr. — Whiting B. (S.).

M. kroyeri, Goodsir. — Cumbrae, from nests of Lima hians (R. I, 76).

[M. Whiteana, Sp. Bate. — (R. I, 75), is the female of M. kroyeri (Sars).].

Paramunna bilobata, G. 0. Sars.—F. of Clyde (A. M.N.) : E. L. Tarbert ;
Kilbrennan Sd., &c. (S.).

[Leptaspidia brevipes (Sp. Bate). — Off Cumbrae (R. I, 76). Norman
suggests this is a Pleurogoniumj.

Pleurogonium rubicundum, G. 0. Sars. — F. of Clyde (A. M. N.). At mouth
of estuary 64 f. Dec. 7th, 1899 (F. S. G.).

P. inerme, G. 0. Sars.— Off Farland Pt., Cumbrae, 23 f. (R. II, 29) : Kil-
brennan Sd. ; Campbeltown L. (S.).

P. spinosissimum, G. 0. Sars. — Off Farland Pt., Cumbrae (R. II, 29).

Fam. Munnopsidae.
Eurycope phallangmm, G. 0. Sars. — L. Fyne, r., 30-40 f. (S.).

Fam. Oniscidae.

Ligia oceanica (Lin.). — Under stones, &c. ; more or less c. in various places.
(Note : — This and the following eight species are land Isopods, and may
be found under stones, old wood, &c.)

Fam. Trichoniscidae.

Trichoniscus pusillus, Brandt. — Cumbrae (R. I, 86) : Rothesay, nr. Aquarium

(S.). Prob. not unc. if carefully sought for.
T. roseus, Koch.— E. Tarbert (S.)

336 CRUSTACEA.

Fam. Oniscidae.

Oniscus asellus (Lin.).— Gen. dist. and mod. c.

Philoscia muscorum (Scopoli). — Widely dist. and not very unc. (R. I, 85).

Porcellio scaber, Latr. — C. and gen. dist.

P. pictus, Brandt. — Cumbrae (R.) : Ayrshire (Smith): nr. Campbeltown,

1896 (S.).
Cylisticus convexus (De Geer), (Porcellio armadilloides, /£.).— Kil winning

(Smith, vide R. I, 88) : Lanarkshire ; Rothesay (S.).
Armadillidium vulgare (ZaZr.).— Mouth of Garnock (Smith, see R, I, 88).

Fam. Bopyridae.

Cryptothir balani (Sp. Bate). — One taken from a Balanus, on shore, E. L.

Tarbert, 1886 (S.).
Pseudione affinis, G. 0. Sars. — On a Pandalus montagui in shrimp trawl

nr. Sanda L, 5/97 (F. S. G.).

P. hyndmanni (Bute <i- Westw.).—L. Fyne, 1886 ; and Clyde (S.).
P. crenulata, G. 0. Sars. — From a small Munida rugosa in shrimp trawl, nr.

Sanda L, 5/97 (F. S. G.).
Pleurocrypta hendersonii, Giard & Bonnier.— On Galathea dvspersa. Clyde

(Henderson, vide Stebbing).
Atheleges paguri (Rathke). — On Eupaqurus bernhardus, L. Fyne ; E. L.

Tarbert.
Phryxus abdominalis (A>.). — On Spirontocaris spinus in shrimp trawl, nr.

Sanda I. (F. S. G.).

Fam. Dajidae.

Aspidophryxus peltatus, G. 0. Sars. — On backs of Erythrops nr. Davaar
L, &c.

NOTE.— A recent monograph on the Bopyridae by M. Jules Bonnier gives
the following Clyde records. Bonnier often differs from Sars as to what are
distinct species.

Bopyroides sarsi, Bonnier. — Branchial cavity of a typical Spirontocaris
spinus (Sowerby), dredged nr. mouth of Clyde estuary (F. S. G.,
Aug. 30th, 1899). Distinct from B. hippolytes (A>.).

Pseudione affinis, G. 0. Sars. — Branchial cavity of Pandalus leptorhynchus,
Kinahan. Firth of Clyde (Hoyle).

P. hoylei (Giard & Bonnier). — Branchial cavity of Pandalus montagui, Leach.
Firth of Clyde (Henderson ; Hoyle ; F. S. G. ; Patience). According to
Sars P. hoylei is identical with P. affinis.

P. hyndmanni (Bate & Westwood). — Branchial cavity of Eupagurus bern-
hardus (Lin.). Clyde (Henderson and myself). See remarks by Prof.
Sars and M. Bonnier.

P. insignis (Giard & Bonnier} ( = P. crenulata, G. 0. Sars, of my list).-
According to M. Bonnier the Pseudione of Munida rugosa is a different
sp. from P. crenulata, G. 0. Sars, found on Munida tenuimana ; Sars
considers them the same species.

P. sp. — From the branchial cavity of Pandalina brevirostris (Rathke). Clyde
(Henderson, as Bopyrus sp.).

(?) P. sp.— From the branchial cavity of Eupagurus prideauxi (Leach). Clyde
(Henderson, as Bopyrus sp.).

Pleurocrypta hendersoni, Giard & Bonnier (=P. marginata, G. 0. Sars.
Scott, in 18th Ann. Rept. Fishery Board for Scotland, Pt. III., p. 403).
From branchial cavity of Galathea dispersa, Bate. F. of Clyde (Hender-
son ; F. S. G. ; Patience). According to M. Bonnier the P. marginata,
G. 0. Sars, from Norwegian specimens is different from that on English
specimens of the same decapod.

ISOPODA. 337

P. intermedia, Giard & Bonnier ( = P. microbranchiata, G. 0. Sars).-
Branchial cavity of Galathea intermedia, Lillj., F. of Clyde (Henderson,
as Bopyrus sp.).

Atheleges paguri (Rathke). — On abdomen of Eupagurus bemhardus (Lin.).
F. of Clyde (Henderson (as Phryxus paguri) ; F. S. G.).

Phryxus abdominalis (A>.).--On abdomen of Spirontocaris spinus (Sovierby),
S. securifrons, Norm., and Pandalus montagui, Leach. F. of Clyde
(Henderson ; F. S. G. ; Patience). M. Bonnier doubts whether the
Phryxus found on these species are identical with abdominalis, Kroyer,
found on Spirontocaris gaimardi (M.-Edw.). Prof. G. O. Sars, on the
other hand, regards them as belonging to that species.

P. cranchii, Giard & Bonnier. — On abdomen of Hippob/te cranchii, Leac/t.
F. of Clyde (Henderson as Phryxus sp.).

Sub-Order Amphipoda.

ARRANGEMENT FOLLOWED.
Prof. G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. i.

AUTHORITIES.

Robertson, Dr. D., F.G.S., F.L.S. — "Catalogue of the Amphipoda and Isopoda
of the Clyde," (N. H. Soc. Glas. Trans., N.S.), vol. ii. p. 1, vol. iii. p. 199.

Norman, Rev. Canon A. M., D.C.L., F.R.S., "A Revision of the British
Amphipoda," Ann. and Mag. N. H.

Stebbing, Rev. T. R. R., Papers on British Amphipoda.

Walker, A. O., Papers on British Amphipoda.

Fam. Hyperiidae.

Hyperia galba (Mont.). — In folds of Rhizostoma pulmo, Cumbrae (R. I, 64) :

E. L. Tarbert (S.). F. of Clyde (A. M. N.).
Hyperoche tauriformis (B. & Jr.). — Off Sanda ; nr. Ailsa Craig ; Kilbrennan

Sd. ; U. L. Fyne (S.).
Parathemisto oblivia (Kr.). — Nr. Sanda, in surface net (R. I, 65) : off Ailsa

Craig (F. S. G.).

Fam. Orchestiidae.

Talitrus locusta (Pallas). — Sandy shores, abund. (R. I, 10). U. L. Fyne (S.).
Orchestia littorea (Mont.). — Under stones nr. and above h. w. m., freq.

(R. I, 11).
0. mediterranea, Costa. — Cumbrae ; mouth of R. Garnock (R. I, 13) : bet.

Fairlie and Hunterston (S.). Inveraray (A. M. N.).
Hyale nilsspni (Rathke). — Kames B., Millport (R. I, 13).
H. lubbockiana (Bate).— Largs Pier ; tide pools Cumbrae (R. I, 13-14) :

E. L. Tarbert ; Fintry B., Bute (S.).

Fam. Lysianassidae.

Normanion quadrimanus (B. & W.). — Off Farland Pt., Cumbrae (R. II, 12) :

Nr. Davaar Is., 1898 ; Tarbert Bank, L. L. Fyne, 1901 (F. S. G.).
Acidostoma obesum (Bate). — Off Farland Pt., Cumbrae (R. I, 17).
Lysianax septentrionalis, Delia Voile. — Cumbrae ; off Skelmorlie Buoy ;

W. end of L. Cumbrae (R. I, 15-16): E. L. Tarbert; U. L. Fyne

(F. S. G.).

L. ceratinus A. 0. W.— F. of Clyde (A. M. N.).
L. atlanticus (M. Edw.).—l^\\ Tan Buoy, Cumbrae (R, I, 17).
Socarnes vahli (Kr.). — N. side of Clach Rock, Cumbrae, 6 or 7 f . (R. II, 5).
S. erythrophthalmus, Robertson. — Tan, Cumbrae ; Castle-B., L. Cumbrae ;

Rothesay ; Millport B. (R. II, 6).

Y

338 CRUSTACEA.

Sophrosyne robertsoni, Stebbing and Robertson — (Clyde B. II, 9) : U. L.

Fyne (M.).
Perrierella audouiniana (Bate). — In a sponge, mouth of L. Fyne, 40-60 f.

(E. I, 16 ; II, 7) : U. L. Fyne (M.) : Tarbert Bank ; E. of Sanda, 30 f.

(F. S. G.)-
Callisoma hopei, A. Costa [=Callisoma crenata (Bate)]. — L. Fyne, 80 f. ;

Kilchattan B., 30 f. (E. I, 19). Gen. dist.
Hippomedon denticulatus (Bate). — Nr. Tan Buoy ; Castle-B., L. Cumbrae,

&c. (E. I, 18 ; II, 9). Gen. dist.

Orchomene humilis (A. Costa) ( = Anonyx edwardsii, Bate and West-
wood).— T&n Buoy ; L. Striven ; L. Goil ; L. Fyne (E. I, 17 ; II, 11) ;

Whiting B. (S.). '

Tryphosa pinguis (Boeck). — Dredged w. of Tan Buoy, 18 f. (E. II, 9).
T. nana (Kr.).— W. of Tan Buoy, 14 f. (E. II, 10) : "off Ballantrae, rather r.

(F. S. G).

T. minuta (Kr.). — Minard, U. L. Fvne (M.).
Tryphosella sarsi, Bonnier.— OS Fax-laud Pt., Cumbrae, 23 f. (E. II, 11):

off Largabruach ; off Inveraray, U. L. Fyne (F. S. G.).
T. hb'ringii, (Boeck). — Cumbrae, on back of a codfish (E. I, 92).
T. nanoides (Lillj.). — Cumbrae, on back of a codfish (E. I, 92).
[T. pusilla, G. 0. Sars.—Tsm buoy 12 f. (E. II, 12).].
Tryphpsites longipes (Bate). — Off N.E. corner of L. Cumbrae 14 f. ; bet.

Kilchattan and Cumbrae 66 f. (E. 1, 18) : Kilbrennan Sd. ; E. L. Tarbert,

&c. (F. S. G.).
Hoplonyx cicada (Fabr.). — Bet. the Allans, Cumbrae, 2-4 f. (E. I, 18) :

Tarbert Bank, L. L. Fyne, 20-25 f. ; rather r. (F. S. G.).
H. similis, G. 0. Sars.— OS Farland Pt., Cumbrae (E. II, 12).
Lepidepecreum carinatum (Bate). — L. Eanza B. 5 f. ; S. E. of Bute 10-12 f.

(E, I, 91).
Euonyx chelatus, Norman. — Off Mull of Kintyre 49 f. (E. I, 90) : several

dredged nr. mouth of estuary, 11/95 (F. S. G.).

Fam. Pontoporeiidae.

Bathyporeia pelagica, Bate. — Sandy shores bet. t. m., various places

(E. I, 42) : Cumbrae (A. M. N.).
B. norvegica, G. 0. Sars. — Cumbrae (A. M. N.).
B. robertsoni, Bate. — Cumbrae (A. M. N.).
Hailstorms arenarius (Slabber). — Sandy shores nr. 1. w. m., mod. c.

(E. I, 23) : Cumbrae (A. M. N.).
Urothde elegans, Bate. — Cumbrae (A. M. N.).
U. marinus, Bate. — Bet. t. m. Irvine and Fairlie ; Lamlash B. ; Kames B. ;

Fintry B. ; Balloch B., Cumbrae (E. I, 29-30) : Barmore, L. L. Fyne (S.).
U. brevicornis, Bate. — F. of Clyde (E., vide A. M. N.).
Argissa hamatipes (Norman). — Kilchattan B., Bute, 8-9 f. (E. II, 12) : not

unc. in seaward part of estuary.

Fam. Phoxocephalidae.

Phoxocephalus holbolli (Kr.). — Dredged bet. the Allans, taken nr. 1. w. m.

Balloch B., Cumbrae (E. I, 24) : Millport B. bet. t. m. (A. M. N.).
P. fultoni, T. Scott.— Cumbrae, 1. w. m. (E.) : L. Eyan (Fuller-ton) : F. of

Clyde (A. M. N.).

P. simplex (Sate).—Ta,u Buoy 6 f. (E. I, 23).

P. oculatus, G. 0. Sars. — (I think E. obtained this sp. in the Clyde).
Harpinia neglecta, G. 0. Sars.—l^. Eanza, 6-8 f. ; L. Fyne 80 f. (E. I, 24) :

Clyde, gen. dist. (A. M. N.).
H. crenulata, G. 0. Sars. — Campbeltown L. (S.) : off Farland Pt. ; Cumbrae

(A.M.N.): r.

AMPHIPODA. 339

Fam. Ampeliscidae.

Ampelisca typica (Bate). — E. records this as A. gaimardii (Spence Bate)

from various places (R. I, 20) : Cumbrae (A. M. N.).
A. tenuicornis, Lillj. — L. Fyne 80 f. : bet. Tan Buoy and Bute ; L. Goil

12 f. (R, I, 21-22) : Campbeltown L. (A. M. N.).
A. assimilis, Boeck.— Row B., Gareloch, 10-12 f. (R, I, 22): off Sanda

(F. S. G.).
A. brevicornis (A. Costa}. — Off S. shore, Cumbrae ; opposite Largs, 15 f. ;

off Fairlie 20 f. ; 1. w. Crarae, L. Fyne, &c. (R. I, 21) : nr. Ailsa Craig :

off Sandal. (F. S. G.).
A. macro cephala, Lillj. — Off Brodick 80 f. (R. I, 22) : Cumbrae

(A. M. N.).
A. spinipes, Boeck— Off Cumbrae L.H. 60 f. ; off Holy I. 36 f. ; nr. Skate I.

80-100.f. (R. I, 91) : Cumbrae (A. M. N.).
Haploops tubicola, Lillj, — Off L. Cumbrae 60 f. ; L. Striven 35 f. ; off

Dunoon 15-25 f. ; off Fairlie 6-8 f. (R. I, 22, 92) : off Sanda I. (A. M. N.).
H. setosa, Boeck. — Off Skate L, L. Fyne, 100 f., two specimens (R. I, 23).

Fam. Stegocephalidae.

Stegocephaloides christianiensis (Boeck). — L. Fyne 40-70 f. (R. II, 20) : nr.
head of L. Fyne (F. S. G.).

Fam. Amphilochidae.

Amphilochus manudens, Bate. — Off Tan Buoy 7-8 f. ; off Cumbrae L.H.,

60 f. (R. I, 28).
A. tenuimanus, Boeck. — Off Farland Pt., Cumbrae, 17 f. (R. I, 28) :

Ballantrae Bank (F. S. G.).
Amphilochoides serratipes (Norman). — Off Blackwaterfoot 20 f. ; off

Clach Rock, Cumbrae (R. II, 20-22) : off Sanda ; at Ballantrae Rk. ; off

Ailsa Craig (F. S. G.).

Gitanopsis bispinosa (Boeck). — Off Blackwaterfoot 20 f. (R. II, 20).
Gitana sarsii, Boeck. — Kilchattan B. 5 f. (R. II, 2) : Whiting B., Arran ; off

Sanda I. 20 f. (F. S. G.).
Cyproidia damnoniensis, Stebbing. — Off Blackwaterfoot ; off Farland Pt.,

Cumbrae (R. II, 21).
Stegoplax brevirostris (T. and A. Scott). — Tarbert Bank, L. Fyne, r. (S.).

Fam. Stenothoidae.
Stenothoe marina, Bate. — Cumbrae at 1. w. ; off Dunoon (R. I, 15) :

Whiting~B. ; off Ailsa Craig (F. S. G.).
S. monoculoides (Montagu). — Various places about Cumbrae (R, 1, 14) : F. of

Clyde (A. M. N.).

Fam. Metopidae.

Metopa alderi (Bate). — Bet. Cumbrae L. H. and Arran (R. I, 90).

M. borealis, G. 0. Sars.— Off Farland Pt., Cumbrae, 20 f. (R. II, 21) : E. of

Arran 30-40 f. (F. S. G.).
M. mbrovittata, G. 0. Sars. — Off the N. side of L. Cumbrae, 10-15 f.

(R, II, 21).

[M. affinis, Boeck.— W. of Tan Buoy ; Mull of Kintyre (R. I, 90).]
M. pusilla, G. 0. Sars.— OS Farland Pt., Cumbrae, 20-24 f. (A. M. N.).
Metopella nasuta, (Boeck).— Off Farland Pt., Cumbrae, 19 f. (R. II, 22).

Fam. Cressidae.

Cressa dubia, Bate.—W. of Tan Buoy, 7-8 f. (R. I, 15) : Whiting B. ; off
Sanda I. (F. S. G.) : Cumbrae (A. M. N.).

340 CRUSTACEA.

Fam. Leucothoidae.
Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abilqaard). — Nr. Tan Buoy, 5 f. ; L. Fyne, 92 f.

(E. I, 39) : Whiting B. (F. S. G.).
[L. incisa, Robertson. — L. w. Balloch B. ; Farland Pt., Cumbrae, 20 f.

(E. II, 23) (?) : L. Gair (L. Fyne) (F. S. G.). Norman considers this only

a form of the next species.]
L. lilljeborgii, Boeck. — L. Gair ; head of U. L. Fyne ; r. (F. S. G.).

Fam. Oediceridae.

Monoculodes carinatus, Bate. — Several places about Cumbrae (E. I, 25.).

M. borealis, Boeck.— Off Blackwaterfoot, (E. II, 15).

M. tuberculatus, Boeck. — In d. w. E. of Arran, r. (F. S. G.).

M. packardi, Boeck.— L. Striven, 40 f. (E. II, 14) : L. Fyne, 30-60 f. ; E. of
Arran, 40 f. ; not very r. (F. S. G).

Perioculodes longimanus (Bate). — Gen. dist., not unc. in d. w. (vide
E. I, 26).

Pontocrates altamarinus (Bate). — Callum's Bay, Bute, 16 f. (E. I, 27) :
U. L. Fyne (S.).

P. norvegicus, Boeck. — Shall, w. in sandy bays freq. (E. I, 26).

Synchelidium brevicarpum (Bate). — Nr. Cumbrae ; L. Fyne ; Blackwater-
foot (E. I, 25; II, 16).

Halimedon parvimanus (Bate). — Various places (E. I, 24, 93 ; II, 15) : gen.
dist. ; not r. in d. w.

Fam. Pleustidae.

Paramphithoe bicuspis (Kr.). — In surface tow-net after sunset, Cumbrae

(E. I, 36).

P. monocuspis, G. 0. Sars.—Off Sanda L, r. (F. S. G.).
P. assimilis, G. 0. Sars.—Off Cumbrae, 15-20 f. (E. I, 94).
Stenopleustes nodifer, G. 0. Sars.—Ofi N. side of L. Cumbrae, 20 f. ; off

Fairlie Perch, 20 f. (E, II, 18).

Fam. Epimeridae.

Epimeria cornigera (Fab.). — Not unc. in d. w. (E. I, 32). Mouth of estuary,
and in d. w. bet. Arran and Ayrshire coast (F. S. G.).

Fam. Iphimedidae.

Iphimedia obesa (RathJce). — Gen. dist. ; not very r.
I. minuta, G. 0. Sars.—Of£ Farland Pt., Cumbrae, 20 f. (E. II, 23).
I. elbanae, Bate. — Dredged nr. mouth of estuary (F. S. G.).
Odius carinatus (Bate). — OffGarnock Beacon, 5| f. (E. II, 31).

Fam. Laphystiidae.

Laphystius sturionis (Kr.).— Kilbrennan Sd. (E. I, 93) : Eothesay B. (S.).
Parasitic on Cod, Anglerfish, etc.

Fam. Syrrhoidae.

Syrrhoe fimbriatus, Stabbing and Robertson.— Clyde (E. II, 22).
Bruzelia typica, BoecL—W. of Tan Buoy, 12-20 f. (E. II, 22).

Fam. Eusiridae.

EusiniS longipes, Boeck.— W. of Tan Buoy, ]0 f. ; L. Goil, 12 f. (E. I, 38) :
nr. Sanda I. ; head of L. Fyne, etc. (F. S. G.).

Fam. Calliopiidae.

Apherusa bispinosa (Bate).—C. in Clyde (E. II, 17) : Kilbrennan Sd. ; off

Ailsa Craig, etc. (F. S. G.).
A. jurinii (M. Ediv.).—BQt. t. m., Farland Pt., Cumbrae (E. II, 17).

.AMPHIPODA. 341

Calliopius laevicusculus (A>.). — Mod. c., Kames B., Balloch B., Cumbrae
(E. I, 37, 39, 94).

C. rathkei (Zaddock). — Amongst weedy stones at 1. w. Cumbrae (R. I, 38).

Fam. Atylidae.

Paratylus swammerdami (M.-Edw.). — C. and gen. dist.

P. vedlomensis (Bate).— Not unc. in Clyde (R. I, 36).

P. uncinatus, G. 0. Sars.— Kilbrennan Sd., 4/96 (F. S. G.)

Fam. Dexaminidae.

Dexamine spinosa (Mont.). — Mod. c. all round our shores (R. I, 32).

D. thea, Boeck. — Portloy, Cumbrae ; Clach Rock, and off Hunterstone,

opposite Millport (R. I, 33, 34) : head of L. Fyne (F. S. G.).
Tritaeta gibbosa (Bate). — Freq., bv dip-net among seaweed, &c. (R. I, 34) •

nr. Davaar I. (F. S. G.).
Guernea coalita (Norm.). — Taken twice off Millport (R. II, 24) : gen. dist.

esp. in d. w., scarce (F. S. G.).

Fam. Melphidippidae, Stebbing (1899).

Melphidippa goesi, Stebbing. — On N. side of L. Cumbrae 20 f. (R. II, 19).
Melphidippella macera (Norm.). — N. side of L. Cumbrae (R. II, 19) : Kil-
brennan Sd. ; off Ailsa Craig (F. S. G.).

Fam. Gammaridae.

Amathllla homari (Fabr.). — In surface-net after sunset, Cumbrae, and

Sanda B. (R. I, 41, 92) : Bet, t. ms., E. L. Tarbert (S.).
Gammarus marimis, Leach. — C. under stones bet. t. ms., and in tidal pools

(R. I, 50).
G. locusta (Lin.). — Bet. t. ms., and dredged nr. Cumbrae, 6-35 f. (R. I, 50, 94).

Gen. dist.

G. duebeni (Lillj.). — Fresh water lochs nr. Campbeltown (S.).
G. pulex (de Geer). — C. in slow streams and ditches (R. I, 52).
Melita palmata (Mont.).— Clyde (A. M. N.) 1889.
M. obtusata (Mont.).— C. and gen. dist. (R. I, 47, 48).
M. gladiosa, Bate. — Taken bet. the Allans, Cumbrae, 4-5 f. (R. II, 18).
Eriopisa elongata (Bruzel). — Taken in Clyde by Norman (R, II, 25).
Maera othonis (M.-Edw.). — In various parts of Clyde and L. Fyne (R. II, 53) :

nr. Davaar I. (F. S. G.).

M. semiserrata (Bate). — Dredged twice at Tan Buoy (R. I, 52).
M. loveni (Bruzel).— Off L.H., L. Cumbrae, 55-60 f. ; off Arran, 80 f.

(R, I, 52).

Gammarella brevicaudata, (M.-Edw.). — Off Hunterstone (R. I, 47 ; II, 24).
Megaluropus agilis, Norm. — Garrison B., and Kames B., nr. Millport (R. II,

25) : nr. Sanda I, 5/9/99 (F. S. G.).
Cheirocratus sundewalli (Rathke). — Various places (R, I, 45, 46) : nr. Lar-

gabruach, U. L. Fyne ; Tarbert Bank (F. S. G).
C. intermedius, G. 0. Sars.—E. L. Tarbert (S., 1886) : L. Gair, (L. Fyne) ;

Tarbert Bank, 17-20 f. (F. S. G.).
C. assimilis, (Lillj.).— L. L. Fvne, 104 f. ; off Farland Pt., Cumbrae, 20 f.

(R. II, 18) : Tarbert Bank, 20-25 f. (F. S. G.).

Fam. Lillj eborgiidae.

Lilljeborgia pallida, Bate.— Off Farland Pt., Cumbrae, 20 f. (R. II, 23).
L. kinahani (Bate).— Nr. Tan Buov, 7 f. (R. I, 46) : Tarbert Bank, 20 f.
(F. S. G.).

Fam. Aoridae.

[Phaedra antiqua (Bate).— In surface-net off the Allans, Millport B., after
sunset (R. I, 94).]

342 CRUSTACEA.

Microdeutopus anomalus (Rathke). — Off Tan Buoy, &c., Cumbrae (R. I, 41).

Whiting B. (S.).

M. versiculatus (Bate). — Dredged a little beyond 1. w., Cumbrae (R I, 42).
M. danmoniensis (Bate). — One S. of Tan Buoy (R, I, 40) : on E. side and in

centre of U. L. Fyne 10-17 f. (M.).
Aora gracilis (Bate). — Gen disk, but mod. r.
Autonoe websteri (Bate). — Under stones nr. 1. w., Portloy, Cumbrae.

(R. I, 40).

Fam. Photidae.

Leptocheirus hirsutimanus (Bate). — Clach Rock, nr. Tan Buov ; bet. Fairlie

and Millport (R. I, 42) : off Sanda I. (F. S. G.).
L. pilosus, Zaddach.— Castle B., L. Cumbrae, 2-3 f. (R. II, 27) : Tarbert

Bank, L. L. Fyne, 20-25 f. (F. S. G.).
Gammaropsis maculata, Johnstone. — Otter Spit, L. Fyne ; nr. Cumbrae

(R. I, 48). Gen dist,
G. palmata (Stebbinq and Robertson). — Cumbrae ; Clyde one (Steb. and Rob.) :

off Ballantrae, 24/9/98 ; Kilbrennan Sd. (F. S. G.).
Megamphopus cormitus, Norm. — Off Farland Pt. ; Castle B., Cumbrae ; off

Black waterfoot (R, II, 24, 26).
Microprotopus maculatus, Norm. — Garrison B. ; Kames B., Cumbrae

(R. II, 26).
Photis longicaudata (Bate). — Millport B. ; Clach Rock, Cumbrae ; off S. end

of Bute, 16 f. (R. I, 95) : Kilbrennan Sd. (F. S. G.).
Podoceropsis sophiae, Boeck. — Skelmorlie Bank, 10 f. ; off Skelmorlie Pt.,

39 f. ; S. of L. Cumbrae (R. I, 60, 61).
P. excavata (Bate). — Gen. dist. and mod. c. (R. I, 60).

Fam. Amphithoidae.

Amphithoe rubricata (Mont.). — Mod. c. : gen. dist. (R. I, 53, 54).
Pleonexes gammaroides, Bate. — Portloy and Kames B., Cumbrae ; off
L. Cumbrae 8 f. (R. I, 56 ; II, 27).

Fam. Ischyroceridae.

Ischyrocerus minutus, Lillj. — W. of Clach Bock ; off Farland Pt. ; on the

Allans, Cumbrae (R. II, 28).
Jassa pusilla (G. 0. Sars). — Amongst algae on Millport pier (R, II, 27). Off

Sanda I. (F. S. G.).
J. falcata (Mont.).— Millport pier, amongst algae ; on Tan Buoy ; Portloy

and bet. the Allans, Cumbrae ; off Dunoon 4 f. (R. I, 57).
J. dentex (Czerniavski) ( = Podocerus herdmanni, A. 0. Walker). — Off

Sanda I. [A. O. Walker now thinks this is only a form of J. falcata.~\
J. OCia (Bate).—N. of Tan Buoy 8 f . ; off Clach Rock*6 f. (R. I, 58). '
Microjassa cumbrensis (Stebbing and Robertson). — Off Farland Pt. 20 f.

(R. II, 27).
Parajassa pelagica (Leach) [ = Janassa capillata (Rathke)}. — On Millport

pier ; Kames B. ; Tan Buoy, Cumbrae ; off Dunoon (R. I, 57).
Erichthonius abditus (Templeton).—N. of Cloch L.H. 6 f. (R. I, 58) : Camp-

beltown L. ; nr. Ailsa Craig (F. S. G.).
E. difformis, M.-Edw.—L. w., Portloy ; off Farland Pt. Cumbrae 17 f.,

(R. I, 59).

Fam. Corophiidae.

Siphonoecetes colletti, Boeck. — W. of Cumbrae 10 f. (R. I, 59).
Corophium grossipes (Lin.). — Brackish water ; Langbank ; Roseneath ;

Balloch B., Cumbrae ; mouth of Garnock (R. I, 61) : Inverkip, c. (S.).
C. crassicornis, Bruzel. — Balloch B., Cumbrae ; shore pool, L. Cumbrae, c.

(R. I, 62) : Campbeltown L. (F. S. G.).

AMPHIPODA. 343

C. bonelli, M.-Edw.—Gen. dist. (Whiting B. etc.).

C. affine, Bruzel.— Clyde (A. M. N.) : E. L. Tarbert (S.).
Unciola planipes, Norm.— OS Sanda I. (F. S. G., 1/9/98).

Fam. Cheluridae.

Chelura terebrans, Philippi. — All round coasts in submerged timbers of
piers and jetties (E. I, 63).

Fam. Dulichiidae.
Dulichia porrecta, Bate.— OS Farland Pt., Cumbrae (E. II, 28).

D. monacantha, Metzger. — One found in stomach of haddock caught in

Clyde (1897) (S.). '
D. tuberculata, Boeck. — Dredged nr. Mull of Kintyre 49 f. (E. I, 95).

Fam. Caprellidae.

Phtisica marina, Slabber.— Gen. dist. (E. I, 65, 66) : freq. Tarbert Bank

(F. S. G.).
Protella phasma (Mont.).— Gen. dist., and not very r. (E. I, 66) : Tarbert

Bank freq. (F. S. G.).

Pariambus typicus (A>.).— Gen. dist., not unc. on Astenas rubens (E. I, 69).
Caprella linearis (Lin.). — Cumbrae among weedy stones 1. w. ; off Garroch-

head, Bute 15 f. (E. I, 67).
C. septentrionalis (Kr.\ — Cumbrae (E.).
C. acanthifera, Leach. — Cumbrae bet. the Allans amongst zostera, plentiful

E. I, 68).
[C. tuberculata, Guerin. — Cumbrae, rare (E. I, 69).]

ORDER BRANCHIOPODA.
Sub-Order Phyllocarida.

Fam. Nebaliadae.
Nebalia bipes (Fabr.). — Clyde ; L. Fyne, various places (S.).

Sub-order Cladocera.

ARRANGEMENT FOLLOWED.
Prof. C. L. Herrick, Crustacea of Minnesota, 1884.

AUTHORITIES.

Baird, W., Monog. of the Brit. Entomostraca, 1849.

(A. M. N.) Norman, Eev. Canon A. M., and Prof. G. S. Brady, .1 Monograph

of Brit. Entomostraca belonging to the Bosminidae, Macrothricidae, and

Lynceidae, 1867,
Brady, Prof. G. S., on The Brit, species of Entomostraca belonging to the

Daphnia and other allied species, 1898.
Scott, Thomas, F.L.S., "The Fauna of the inland waters of Scotland" (Ann.

Reps. Fish. Bd. for Scotland).

Fam. Sididae.

Sida crystallina (Muller). — Bardowie L., nr. Glasgow ; L. Lomond ; Greenan

L., Bute ; Park L., Campbeltown ; L. Doon, Ayrshire.
Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Lievin). — Bardowie L. ; Park L.

Fam. Holopedidae.
Holopedium gibberum, Zaddach. — L. Arklet ; L. Doon, c. during summer.

344 CRUSTACEA.

Fam. Daphnidae.

Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine). — Fossil Marsh.

C. quadrangula, Miiller. — Bardowie L. ; St. Germains' L., Glasgow ; Dhu

Lochan, nr. L. Lomond ; Park L., nr. Campbeltown.
C. laticaudata, Miiller. — Fossil Marsh, rather r.

C. sp. — L. Lomond ; L. Doon ; appears to be r.

Scapholeberis mucronata, Miiller. — Bardowie L. ; Dhu Lochan, not c.
Simocephalus vetulus, Miiller. — Fossil Marsh ; L. Lomond ; Greenan L. ;

Park L. ; L. Doon.
Daphnia lacustris, G. 0. Sars. — L. Lomond, with and without a vertex

tooth,
var. aquilina, G. 0. Sars. — L. Arklet, freq.

D. ( ?) longispina, Leydig. — L. Fad, Bute.

var. nasuta, G. 0. Sars. — L. Doon, Ayrshire.

D. (?) jardinii, Baird. — St. Germains' L., Glasgow. A crested form which
may belong either to this or to D. galeata, G. 0. Sars.

Fam. Bosminidae.

Bosmina Ipngirostris (Miiller}. — Gen. dist. esp. in smaller lochs and ponds.
B. longispina, Leydig. — Not unc. in larger lochs, as L. Lomond and L. Doon.

Fam. Macrothricidae.

Lathonura rectirostris (Miiller). — L. Doon — the shore on W. side.
Streblocercus minutus, G. 0. Sars. — Dhu Lochan, nr. L. Lomond, r.
Drepanothrix dentata (Euren). — Cumbrae (R.) : L. Arklet ; L. nr. L'ranza ;

L. Doon, &c., not unc.
Acantholeberis curvirostris (Miiller). — Cumbrae (R.) : L. Arklet ; L. nr.

L'ranza, not r.
IlyocryptllS sordidus (Lieven). — Cumbrae (R.) : Fossil Marsh ; L. Arklet ;

L. Doon ; Park L., Campbeltown, not r.

Fam. Lynceidae.

Eurycercus lamellatus (Miiller). — C. and gen. dist.
Acroperus harpae, Baird. — Gen. dist. and mod. c.
Camptocercus macrurus (MiilL). — L. Lomond; L. Doon, freq. The Campto-

cercus found in Scotland is usually ascribed to C. macrurus. Mull., but

seems to agree better with Schoedlers' C. rectirostris.
Alonopsis elongatus, G. 0. Sars. — C. and gen. dist.
Ledigia quadrangularis (Leydig). — Pond nr. Kutherglen (J. Steel) ! St.

Germains' L., not c.

Graptoleberis testudinaria (Fischer). — L. Arklet ; L. Doon ; freq.
Alona guttata, G. 0. Sars.— Gen. dist., freq.
A. costata, G. 0. Sars. — St. Germains' Loch ; L. Lomond (shore nr. Bal-

maha) ; not c.

A. quadrangularis (Miiller). — Gen. dist., mod. c.
A. affinis (Leydig). — L. Lomond ; L. Doon ; L. behind L'ranza ; Park L.,

Campbeltown &c., freq.
A. intermedia, G. 0. Sars ( = A. neglecta, T. 8.) — L. Arklet; L. Doon,

not c.

A. rustica, T. Scott. — L. Arklet ; L. Lomond ; L. Doon ; Park L.
A. rectangula, G. 0. Sars. — Nr. E. Tarbert, L. Fyne ; Park L., Campbeltown.
Alonella exigua (Lilljeborg). — C. and gen. dist.
A. nana, Baird. — L. Arklet ; L. Lomond ; L. Doon, &c., not r., but being so

small is easily overlooked.

Pleuroxus trigonellus (Miiller). — L. Lomond ; L. Doon, not r.
P. laevis, G. 0. Sars. — Fossil Marsh is the only station I know of.

BRANCHIOPODA. 345

P. uncinatus, Baird.— Pond nr. Rutherglen (J. Steel) : Fossil Marsh ;

L. Lomond.
Harporhynchus falcatus, G. (J. Sars. — L. Arklet ; L. Lomond ; L. Doon,

not r.
Peracantha truncata (Matter). — L. Arklet ; Dhu Lochan ; Greenan L.,

Bute ; L. Doon.

Chydonis sphaericus, Miiller. — C. and gen. dist.
C. globosus, Baird. — Fossil Marsh ; Bardowie L., nr. Glasgow ; L. Lomond ;

Park L., nr. Campbeltown.
C, (0 latus, G. 0. Sars. — Only observed in L. Arklet.

C. barbatus (G. S. Brady). — In most Lochs within Clyde area.

D. coelatus, Schoedler. — L. Arklet ; L. Doon ; Park L., not c.
Anchistropus emarginatus, G. 0. Sars. — Paisley Canal in 1863 (E.). Not

observed since.

Monospilis tenuirostris (Fischer). — L. Lomond (shore bet. Balmaha and
mouth of E. Endrick), rather r.

Fam. Polyphemidae.

Polyphemus pediculus (Lin.). — Fossil Marsh ; L. Arklet ; L. Lomond ;

Park L.
Bythotrephes longimanus, Ley dig. — L. Arklet ; L. Lomond ; L. Doon, not

unc.
Podon polyphemoides, Leuckart. — F. of Clyde ; L. Fyne, sometimes pretty

abund.

P. intermedius, Lilljeborg. — Dist. similar to preceding but much less c.
Evadne nordmanni, Loren. — Dist. similar to Podon ; c., sometimes very

abund.

Fam. Leptodoridae.

Leptodora hyalina, Lilljeborg. — L. Arklet ; L. Lomond ; L. Doon, not unc.,
esp. during summer.

Sub- Order Branchiura.

Argulus foliaceus, Lin.— Plentiful a few years ago on the Greyling,
Thymallus vulgaris in the upper waters of E. Clyde (Jas. Steel) !

ORDER OSTRACODA.

„ ARRANGEMENT AND NOMENCLATURE FOLLOWED.

(B. & N.) = Prof. G. S. Brady and Eev. Canon A. M. Norman, "The marine
and fresh water Ostracoda of the N. Atlantic and North-Western
Europe (Roy. Soc. Dub. Sci. Trans., vol. iv. (S. ii.) Pt. ii. and vol. v. (S. ii.)
Pt. xii.).

E. = Eobertson, Dr. D., F.G.S., F.L.S. Ostracoda in " Notes on the fauna and

flora of the W. of Scotland," 1876.

"Fresh and Brackish water Ostracoda" (T. H. Soc. Glas., vol. iv., 1879).
B. & E. = Brady and Robertson.

B. C. & E. = Brady, Crosskey, and Eobertson.

Fam. Cyprididae.

Cypria exculpta (S. Fischer). — Somewhat local but not very r. ; Fossil
Marsh (E.) : Cumbrae (B. & N.) : Dairy (J. Smith) : L. Doon, &c. (S.).

C. ophthalmica (Jurine).—C. and gen. dist.

Cyclocypris laevis (0. F. Miiller). — Mod. c. ; liable to be confounded with

next species.
C. Serena (Koch). — One of the most c. and gen. dist.

346 CRUSTACEA.

C. globosa ((.j. 0. Sars). — Nr. L. Ascog and L. Greenan, Bute (B. & N.) : L.

Lomond ; L. Arklet ; L. Doon (S.).
Scottia browniana (Jones). — -Marshy ground at side of L. Fad, Bute

(B. & N.) : Binend L. 1877 (J. Smith).
Cypris fuscata, Jurine. — Frankfield L., nr. Glasgow ; brackish ponds, Cum-

brae (R.) : Dairy (J. Smith) : L. Doon (S.).
C. incongruens, Ramdohr. — Pond nr. Paisley ; brackish pool, Hunterston

&c. (R.) : sometimes very abund.
C. virens (Jurine). — Pond nr. Crosshill ; Frankfield L. ; Callum's Tarn, Bute

(R.) : Dairy (J. Smith) : Pools nr. Fort Matilda, Greenock ; L. Ascog,

Bute, &c.

C. reticulata, Zaddoch. — Possil Marsh ; side of Paisley Canal (R.).
C. obliqua, Brady. — Callum's Tarn, Bute ; Cragengower Tarn, Cumbrae (R.):

Binend L. (J. Smith) : L. Lomond (S.).
C. prasina, Fischer. — Pond on shore at Hunterston ; Pond nr. Ferry Ho.,

Cumbrae (R.) : Brackish pools at Langbank (S.).
Herpetocypris reptans (Baird). — Mod. c. and gen. dist.
H. strigata (Miiller). — Burnside L. nr. Glasgow ; ponds at Port Glasgow ;

Cumbrae, &c. (B. & N.).
H. tumefacta (B. & R.). — Cumbrae ; L. Greenan ; L. Fad ; L. Ascog, Bute ;

Tarbert, &c. (B. & N.).

Ilyodromus robertsoni (B. & IV.).— Side of L. Fad (B. & N.) : L. Doon (S.).
Cypridopsis villosa (Jurine). — L. Lomond ; Frankfield L. ; ponds, Cumbrae

(R.) : Dairy, &c. (J. Smith) : L. Fad ; L. Ascog, Bute (B. & N.) :

L. Doon.
C. newtoni (B. & R.). — Little L. and Pilmuir Dam, Renfrewshire ; Cumbrae ;

Bute (B. & N.).
C. aculeata(Zi7(/e£or<7). — Brackish pools, S.W. end of Cumbrae (R.) : Tarbert;

Langbank (S.).
Pionocypris vidua (Miiller). — Pond at Paisley ; L. Fad (R.) : Kilwinning

(J. Smith) : L. Lomond.
P. obesa (B. & R.). — L. Lomond ; old dam at Govan Colliery, Glasgow (R.) :

Kilwinning (J. Smith).

Potamocypris fulva, Brady. — Paisley Canal ; Cumbrae ; Kilwinning (R.) :
• Dairy ; Pilmuir Dam ; L. Goin (J. Smith) : L. Fad, and Ascog, Bute ;

Tarbert.
Paracypris polita, G. 0. Sars.— Oft Tarbert, 25 f . (B. & N) : Tarbert Bank,

20 f. (S.).
Notodromus monacha (Miiller). — Cumbrae ; L. Cumbrae (R.) : Kilwinning

(J. Smith) : Pools nr. L. Fad, Bute (S.).
Candona Candida (Miiller). — C. and gen. dist.
C. lactea, Baird. — Paisley Canal (R.) : Pilmuir Dam (J. Smith) : Park L.

and Achy-Lochy, Campbeltown.

C. compressa (Koch). — Mod. c. ; more or less gen. dist.
C. rostrata (B. & N.).— Hairmyres, nr. E. Kilbride (B. & N.) : Possil Marsh ;

L. Doon (S.).
C. fabaeformis (Fischer). — Hairmyres ; Crosslea, nr. Paisley ; Cumbrae, etc.

(B. & N.) : Dairy, Eaglesham Dams, etc. (J. Smith) : L. Lomond.
C. acuminata (Fischer). — Kilmuir Dam, Renfrewshire ; Tarbert' (B. & N.) :

Eaglesham Dam, Craigton Dam, Harelaw Dam (J. Smith) : L. Lomond

(S.).
C. euplectella, Robertson. — Tarn, L. Cumbrae ; Callum's Tarn, Bute (R.) :

Nockewart, Dairy (J. Smith) : Pools nr. Pt. Glasgow ; Mossclave Pond,

nr. Greenock (S.).
C. hyalina (B. & R.).— Frankfield L. ; Possil Marsh, etc. (R.) : Long Loch

(J. Smith) : Loch Lomond ; L. Arklet ; L. Doon (S.).
Candonopsis Kingsleii (B. <£ R.). — Mod. c. and gen. dist.

OSTRACODA. 347

Ilyocypris biplicata (Koch). — Mod. c., but somewhat local.
Pontocypris mytiloides (Norman).— Gen. dist. throughout Estuary.
P. acupunctata, Brady. — Nr. Pt. Glasgow 1892, Campbeltown L. 1897 (S.).
P. trigonella, G. 0. Sars. — Gen. dist., not r.

Argilloecia cylindrica, G. 0. Sars. — Inveraray ; Largs ; Campbeltown (R.) :
off Greenock ; L. Long (B. & N.) : off Tarbert (S.).

Fam. Bairdiidae.

Bairdia inflata, Norman. — Cumbrae ; Lamlash (R.) : L. Fyne, off Tarbert ;
Campbeltown L. (S.).

B. complanata, Brady. — L. Fyne (A. M. N.).

Fam. Darwinulidae.
Darwinula stevensoni (B. £ N.). — L. Lomond (shore S. of Balmaha) (S.).

Fam. Cytheridae.

Cythere lutea, Miiller. — C. and gen. dist.

C. pellucida, Baird. — Brackish water, freq. (Langbank ; Inverkip ; Hunter-

ston shore, etc.).

C. confusa (B. & N.). — Mod. c. and gen. dist.
C. porcellanea, Brady. — More or less gen. dist.
C. macallana (B.<£R.).—O& Fairlie, 5 f. (A. M. N.) : off Cumbrae; Rose-

neath (R).

C. tenera, Brady. — C. (R.). Not very c. (S.).
C. (?) semipunctata, Brady. — L. Fyne, off Tarbert ; bet. the Cumbraes,

25 f. (A. M. N.) : off Sanda I., mod. r.
C. badia, Norman. — Kames B. ; Cumbrae ; off Bute (R.).
C. crispata, Brady. — Freq. (R.) : L. Tarbert ; Campbeltown L., etc.
C. gibbosa (B.&R.).— Kames B., Cumbrae ; L. Gilp ; L. Tarbert (B. & N.) :

Brackish pools nr. Langbank (S.).

C. rubida, Brady. — Kames B., Cumbrae ; Clachland Pt., Arran (B. &N.).
C. albomaculata, Baird. — Freq. (R.) : mod. c. and gen. dist.
C. robertsoni, Brady. — Freq. (R.) : Tarbert Bank ; Campbeltown L., etc.
C. convexa, Baird. — Freq. and gen. dist.
C. marginata, Norman.— OS Tarbert, L. Fyne, 25 f. (A. M. N.) : Tarbert

Bank ; rather r. (S.).
C. limicola, Norman. — Girvan (R.) : Cumbrae ; L. Cumbrae (A. M. N.) :

Campbeltown L. (S.).
C. cunieformis, Brady. — Freq. (R,).

C. navicula, Norman. — Off Port Glasgow 1892 ; off Sanda I. 1897.
C. cluthae,^. C. <& R.—L. Fyne, 20 f. (B. & N.).
C. villosa (G. 0. Sars). — C. and gen. dist.

C. pulchella, Brady. — Kames B., Cumbrae ; Kilchattan B. (B. & N.).
C. quadridentata, Baird.— Off Cumbrae (R.) : Tarbert Bank, 25 f. ; not r.
C. emaciata, Jones. — Freq. (R.) : Tarbert Bank, 25 f.
C. tuberculata (G. 0. Sars). — Gen. dist., c.

C. emarginata (G. 0. Sars). — Off Inveraray (R.) : Tarbert Bank (prob. sub-
fossil), not c. (S.).

C. fimnarchica (G. 0. Sars).— Off Inveraray (R.) : Campbeltown L., 1897 (S.).
C. angulata (G. 0. Sars).— Various places in F. of Clyde and L. Fyne

(B. & N.).

C. dunelmensis (Norman). — Mod. freq. and gen. dist.
C. antiquata Baird. — Various places in F. of Clyde (B. & N.) : Tarbert Bank ;

Campbeltown L.

C. white! (Baird).— Kilchattan B. ; Campbeltown L. (R) : Tarbert Bank.
C. jonesii (Baird). — Gen. dist. ; not r.
Limnicythere inopinata (Baird). — Not unc. in Fresh-water Lochs and

ponds.

348 CRUSTACEA.

L. sancti-patricii (B. & R.). — L. Libo ; side of Bishop L. (R.).

Cytheridea elongata, Brady. — Freq. (R.) : nr. Fort Matilda ; Campbeltown
L., &c.

C. papillosa, Bosquet. — C. (R.) : off Greenock ; Roseneath ; Rothesay (B. & N.) :
L. Fyne.

C. punctillata, Brady. — C. (R.) : off Roseneath ; Rothesay ; Inveraray ;
Skipness ; Tarbert (B. & N.).

C. torosa (Jones}. — Langbank ; Pt. Glasgow ; Greenock (R.)- A brackish
water species.

C. lacustris (G. 0. Sars). — Glasgow and Paisley Canal (W. of Pollokshields) ;
Clyde, nr. Langbank (R.) : Pilnluir Dam (J. Smith) : L. Lomond
(B. & N.).

C. (?) subflavescens, Brad)/. — L. Fvne ; nr. Rothesav ; bet. the Cumbraes
(B. & N.).

Eucythere declivis (Norman). — Freq. and gen. dist.

Krithe bartonensis (T. R. Jones). — C. (R). Clyde nr. Greenock ; L. Fyne ;
off Rothesay, &c. (B. & N.).

Loxoconcha impressa, Baird. — C. and gen. dist.

L. guttata (Norman). — Freq. and gen . dist. (B. & N.).

L. viridis (Af tiller). — Brackish pools at Inverkip (1880); Campbeltown L.
(1897) (S.). Irvine sands (J. Smith).

L. multifora (Norman).— C. (R). L. Fyne (A. M. N.) : Cumbrae and Roth-
say B. (B. & N.) : Campbeltown L. (S.).

L. pusilla, B. & R. — Greenock ; Cumbrae (R.) : Campbeltown L. (S.).

L. tamarindus, (Jones).— C. and gen. dist.

L. fragilis, G. 0. Sars. — Clyde nr. Greenock and Pt. Glasgow (R.) : [prob-
ably fossil, not nnc. in Artie shell beds bet. these two places].

Xestoleberis aurantia (Baird). — Kames B., Cumbrae (R.) : Tarbert Bank ;
E. L. Tarbert ; Campbeltown L. ; not r.

X. depressa, G. 0. Sars. — Gen. dist. throughout estuary.

Cytherura gibba (Midler). — Freq. (R,), but mostly in brackish water.

C. cornuta, Brady. — Gen. dist. and mod. c.

C. sella, G. 0. Sars. — Gen. dist. and mod. c.

C. acuticostata, G. 0. Sars.— Gen. dist. but scarcely so c. as the last.

C. Striata, G. 0. Sars. — Gen. dist. Freq. (R.).

C. angulata, Brady. — Rock-pools, Arran (A. M. N.) : L. Fyne ; Campbeltown
L. ; not so c. as some other Cytherurae (B. & N.).

C. undata, G. 0. Sars. — Gen. dist. freq. throughout estuary.

C. producta, Brady.— F. of Clyde (B. & N.) : L. Fyne, not c.

C. nigrescens (Baird). — Gen. dist. throughout estuary.

C. simplex, B. & N.— St. Ninian's B., Bute ; off Fairlie (B. & N.) : Campbel-
town L. (S.).

C. cpncentrica, B., C., & R. — Off Fairlie (A. M. N.). Appears to be r.

C. similis, G. <>. Sars.—L. Fyne ; Rothesay B. ; off Fairlie (B. & N.) : Camp-
beltown L. (F. S. G.).

C. fulva, B. & M— Off Greenock; L. Fyne; F. of Clyde (B. & N.) : Campbel-
town L. (F. S. G.).

C. clathrata, G. 0. Sars. — Callum's B., Bute (R): Tarbert Bank, not c.
(F. S. G.).

C. cellulosa, Norman. — Gen. dist. ; freq. (very small).

C. bodotria, T. Scott.— Greenock Bank, off Pt. Glasgow, 1892 (S.).

Cytheropteron latissimum (Norman). — Gen. dist. throughout estuarv.

C. nodosum, Brady.— F. of Clyde, freq. (R.) : off Tarbert (A. M. N.):* Camp-
beltown L. (F. S. G.).

C. inflatum, B., C., & R.—~L. Fyne (A. M. N.).

C. punctatum, Brady. — Inverkip ; Cumbrae ; L. Riddon ; off Girvan, r. (R.) :
off Tarbert, 25 f. (A. M. N.).

OSTRACODA. 349

C. alatum, G. 0. Sars.— Off Tarbert, (A. M. N.) : Fintry B. ; Kilchattau B. ;

Rothesay B. (B. & N.) : off Sanda I. (F. S. G.).
C. angulatum, B. <& R. — Off Tarbert (A. M. N.) : Boseneath ; Cumbrae ;

Bute (E.) : off Sanda I. (F. S. G.).

C. depressum, B. & N. — Cainpbeltown L. (1897) : r. in estuary (S.).
C. humile, B. & N.--Off Fort Matilda, Greenock (B. & N.) : U. L. Fyne ;

Kilbrennan Sd. (S.).
Bythocythere constricta, G. <>. Sars. — Off Boseneath, etc. ; L. Long ;

L. Fyne (B. & N.).
B. turgida, G. 0. Sars.— Off Boseneath ; Bothesay B. ; Kilchattan B. (B.&N.):

off Tarbert (S.).

B. simplex (Norman). — Gen. dist., but not very c.
Pseudocythere caudata, G. 0. Sars. — Mod. freq. throughout estuarv, and

L. Fyne.

Selcrochilus contortus (Norman). — Gen. dist. throughout estuary.
Cytherideis subulata, Brady. — Cumbrae ; Bute ; Ardrossan, r. (R.) :

Campbeltown L. (F. S. G.).
Cytherois fischeri (G. 0. Sars). — Gen. dist., but more freq. inshore amongst

algae, Inverkip ; Campbeltown L. (F. S. G.).

Fam. Paradoxostomatidae.

Paradpxostoma variabile (Baird). — C. and gen. dist.

P. ensiforme Brady. — Mod. c. ; but more so off shore than in shall. w.

P. abbreviatum, G. 0. Sars. — Gen. dist., but not very plentiful.

P. obliqiium, G. 0. Sars. — Cumbrae ; Bute ; Arran, r. (R.). Off Tarbert

(F. S. G.).

P. normani, Brady. — Campbeltown L., 1897 (S.). Somewhat r. in Clyde.
P. pulchellum, G. 0. Sars. — L. Goil ; Cumbrae ; Arran ; Ardrossan, r. (R.) :

L. Fyne, 1885 (S.).

P. hibernicum, Brady.— Cumbrae ; Bute ; Arran ; Campbeltown, r. (R.).
P. arcuatum, Brady. — Off Pt. Glasgow, r. (S.).

P. orcadense, B. & R. — White B., Cumbrae ; off Glensannox, r. (R.).
P. hodgei, Brady.— Off Callunrs Bay, Bute (R.) : off Tarbert, 25 f. (A.M.N.).
P. flexuosum, Brady. — Freq. in Clyde (B.) : L. Fyne ; Campbeltown L.

(F.S.G.).

P. affine, T. Scott.— Off Inveraray, 25-40 f. (A. M. N.).
Machaerina tenuissima (Norman). — Off Skelmorlie ; Fairlie ; nr. Cumbrae ;

Kilchattan B. (B. & N.) : off Tarbert (F. S. G.).

Fam. Asteropidae.

Asterope mariae (Baird). — Off Tarbert (A. M. N.) : Cumbrae (R.) : U. L.

Fyne ; East L. Tarbert.
A. teres (Norman). — Lamlash B. (A. M. N.) : Cumbrae (R.) : E. L. Tarbert.

Fam. Cypridinidae.

Philomedes brenda (Baird).— Nr. Arran (E. side) 40 f. 1896 (S.).

P. interpuncta (Baird).— Gen. dist., in surface and bottom tow-nets, as well

as dredge.
P. macandrei (Baird). — Nr. Cumbrae (R.).

Fam. Polycopidae.

Polycope orbicularis, G. 0. Sars. — Gen. dist. throughout estuary.
P. punctata G. 0. Sars. — "Some specimens dredged in L. Fyne are doubt-
fully referable to this species " (B. & N.).

Fam. Cytherellidae.
Cytherella serrulata, Brady and Norman. — Nr. Sanda I., 1896 (S.).

350 CRUSTACEA.

ORDER COPEPODA.

ARRANGEMENT AND NOMENCLATURE FOLLOWED.

Brady, Prof. G. S. (1) Monog. of the free and semi-parasitic Copepoda of the

Brit. Islands (Ray Society, 1878-80).
(2) Revision of the Brit, species of the fresh-water Cyclopidae and Calanidae.

Nat. Hist. Trans., N.D. and N.C., vol. xi., Pt. 1 (1891).
Giesbrecht, Dr. W. (1) Die Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel.

(2) Die Asterocheriden des Golfes von Neapel.
Canu, Dr. Eugene, Les Cope'podes du Boulonnais.
Schmeil, Dr. Otto, Deutschlands freilebende siisswasser Copepoden.
List of species from Irish Sea (Brit. Assoc. Rep., Sect. D, Liverpool, 1896.
Drs. W. Giesbrecht and O. Schmeil, Copepoda Gymnoplea, Das Tierreich

(6 Lieferung).
Dr. Basset Smith, A systematic description of the parasitic copepoda found

on fishes (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1899).
Scott, T. & A., Revis. of Brit. Copep. belonging to the Gen. Bradya and

Ectinosoma (Tr. Lin. Soc., 2nd ser. ; Zool., vol. vi., Pt. 5 (1896)) : papers

in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., and Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. (1892-98).
Scott, T., papers in F.B. Reports, 1886-1900.

Fam. Calanidae.

Calanus finmarchicus (Gunn). — Throughout estuary, surface and bottom.
Paracalanus parvus, Glaus. — Off Minard, U. L. Fyne ; Kilbrennan Sd. ;

Ayr B. ; offSanda I. etc., not c.
Pseudocalanus elongatus, Boeck. — Gen. dist. and mod. c. (surface and

bottom townets).

Stephus gyrans (Giesbrecht). — L. Gair (U. L. Fyne), r., dredged.
S. minor, T. Scott. — Otter Spit (U. L. Fyne) ; off Sanda I., r., dredged.
S. fultoni, T. Scott. — Otter Spit (U. L. Fyne) ; Kilbrennan Sd., r., dredged.
Pseudocyclopia crassicornis, T. Scott. — Otter Spit (U. L. Fyne), r., dredged.
P. caudata, T. Scott. — Otter Spit ; Ayr B. ; Ballantrae Bank, r., dredged.
Bradyidius armatus ( Vanhoffen).— Gen. dist. throughout estuary.
Euchaeta norvegica, Boeck. — U. L. Fyne, very c. ; much less so in seaward

part of estuary ; chiefly in bottom townet.
Scolecithrix hibernica, A. Scott. — U. L. Fyne ; d. w. E. of Arran ; off

Dava&r I. ; nr. Ailsa Craig (in bottom townet).
S. pygmaea, T. Scott. — U. L. Fyne ; Kilbrennan Sd. ; Whiting B. ; nr. Ailsa

Craig (in bottom townet), not c.

Fam. Centropagidae.

Centropages typicus, Kr. — Gen. dist. and mod. freq.

C. hamatus (Lillj.). — Gen. dist., c.

Isias clavipes, Boeck. — Off Cumbrae ; off Portincross (Brady) : Machrie B.
(Brook) : off Ailsa Craig.

Diaptqmus gracilis, G. 0. Sars. — C. in fresh-water lochs, as L. Doon, Ayr-
shire ; L. Lomond, etc.

D. hircus, Brady. — Tangy L., nr. Campbeltown.

D. laciniatus, Lillj. — L. Doon, Ayrshire ; freq. dining summer.
Temora longicornis (Muller). — Gen. dist. throughout estuary.
Eurytemora velox (Lillj.). — Cumbrae (Brady) : pond at Eutherglen (J.

Steel) : Possil Marsh ; marshy ground at Langbank ; brackish pools at

Hunterstone.
Metridia lucens, Boeck. — E. L. Tarbert (Calderwood) : Largabruach, U. L.

Fyne ; nr. Ailsa Craig.
Paramisophria cluthae, T. Scott. — Largabru.-ich, U. L. Fyne ; Tarbert Bank,

L. L. Fyne, r.

COPEPODA. 351

Fam. Candaciidae.
Candacia pectinata, Brady. — Whiting B. ; mid -channel E. of Pladda I. ;

off Sanda I., not very c.

Fam. Pontellidae.
Labidocera wollastoni (Lubbock). — Machrie B. (Brook) : nr. Ailsa Craig ;

off E. of Arran ; not c. ; 12-26 f.

Anomalocera patersoni (Temple). — Gen. dist. sometimes mod. c.
Parapontella brevicornis (Lubbock). — E. L. Tarbert (Calderwood) : Ayr B. ;

Machrie B. ; off Davaar I. ; nr. Ailsa Craig.
Acartia clausii, Giesbrecht. — Gen. dist. and mod. c. throughout estuary.

Fam. Misophriadae.

Misophria pallida, BoecJc. — Portincross (Brady) : Largabruach, U. L. Fyne ;
Otter Spit, r.

Fam. Cyclopidae.

Oithona helgolandica, Glaus. — Gen. dist., mod. c.

Cyclopina littoralis, Brady. — Largabruach, and Head of U. L. Fyne ; not c.

C. gracilis, Glaus. — Loch Gair ; off Inveraray, Hunterstone ; not c.

Cyclops strenuus, Fischer. — C. in most fresh-water lochs.

C. leuckarti, Glaus. — L. Lomond, not c.

C. dybowskii, Lande. — L. Lomond — shore S. of Balmaha.

C. bicuspidatus, Glaus. — L. Lomond ; L. Doon ; Achy L. (nr. Campbel-

town) ; Possil Marsh.

var. lubbockii, Brady. — Brackish pools at Langbank.
C. languidus, G. 0. Sars. — L. Doon, Ayrshire ; not c.
C. vernalis, Fischer. — L. Lomond ; L. Doon.
C. bisetosus, Rehberg. — L. Lomond (shore) ; pools at Langbank ; Garry L.,

Ailsa Craig.
C. viridis (Jurine). — L. Lomond ; L. Fad ; L. Doon ; Park L., nr. Campbel-

town ; mod. c.

C. fuscus (Jurine). — L. Arklet ; Park L.
C. albidus (Jurine). — L. Lomond ; L. Doon ; pond at Castlemilk ; Possil

Marsh.
C. serrulatus, Fischer. — C. and gen. dist. in lochs and ponds throughout the

district.

C. macmnis, G. 0. Sars. — L. Arklet.
C. amnis, G. 0. Sars. — Achy L., nr. Campbeltown.
C. nanus, G. 0. Sars. — Dhu Lochan, nr. L. Lomond ; L. Doon.
C. fimbriatus, Fischer. — Gen. dist. and mod. c.
C. phaleratus, Koch. — Bardowie L. ; not c.

C. aequoreus, Fischer. — Brackish pools at Langbank and Hunterstone.
Thorellia brunnea, Boeck. — Gen. dist. throughout estuary, freq.

Fam. Ascidicolidae.
Notodelphys allmani, Thorell.—E. L. Tarbert ; Tarbert Bank (inside large

Ascidians, as are most of the species in this family).
N. agilis, Thorell.—R. L. Tarbert ; Tarbert Bank 20-25 f. (F. S. G.).
N. prasina, Thorell.—E. L. Tarbert ; Tarbert Bank ; Kilbrennan Sd.
DoropygUS porcicauda, Brady. — E. L. Tarbert ; off Largabruach, U. L. Fyne ;

Tarbert Bank (F. S. G.). "

D. pulex, Thorell.—In ascidians, Tarbert Bank ; nr. Millport in Corella

parallelogramma (Gray).

D. (!) gibbosa, Thorell.—ln ascidians Tarbert Bank (F. S. G.).
Botachus cylindratus, ThorelL— Same localities as the last ; Whiting B.
Notopterophorus papilio, Hesse. — In large Ascidians in E. L. Tarbert ; not

unc. ; Kilbrennan Sd. 29/10/96 (F. S.G.).

352 CRUSTACEA.

Ascidicola rosea, Thorell. — In large Ascidians dredged nr. head of L. Fyne ;

Tarbert Bank (F. S. G.).
Enterocola fulgens, van Beneden. — In the intestines of small Ascidians

dredged at Tarbert Bank (F. S. G.).
Gunenotophorus globularis, Costa. — In material dredged nr. Sanda I. 12/98

(F. S. G.).
Botryllophilus (?) ruber, Hesse. — Associated with Botn/llus sp., dredged

Tarbert Bank, 1899 ; not very c. (F. S. G.).
Lamippi proteus, Claparede. — Parasitic in Alcyonium digitatum in various

parts of Clyde area.

Fam. Harpacticidae.

(NOTE. — The Copepods belonging to this family — both marine and fresh-
water— are for the most part found on or near the bottom.)

Longipedia coronata, Clems. — Freq. and gen. dist.

L. minor, T. & A. Scott. — Largabruach, U. L. Fyne ; off Sanda I. (with ova).

Canuella perplexa, T. & A. Scott. — Ayr B. ; Cumbrae, bet. tide marks ;
Inverkip, in shore pools.

Ectinosoma atlanticum (B. & R.). — Geu. dist., sometimes abund. in
tow- net.

E. sarsi, Boeck. — Gen. dist., and not unc.

E. melaniceps, Boeck. — Gen. dist., not r.

E. herdmani, T. & A. Scott. — L. Grair and Largabruach, U. L. Fyne ; shore
at Hunterston.

E. curticorne, Boeck. — Dubh L., nr. Inveraray ; Largabruach ; shore pools
at Hunterston ; Ayr B.

E. normani, T. & A. Scott. — Ayr B., r.

E. erythrops, G. S. Brady. — Otter spit, U. L. Fyne, not c.

E. gracile, T. & A. Scott. — Shore pools at Inverkip ; dredged nr. Sanda I., r.

E. pygmaeum, T. & A. Scott. — Tarbert Bank 20 f., Kilbrennan Sd., r.

Bradya typica, Boeck. — Gen. dist., not very c.

B. minor, T. & A. Scott. — Shore at Hunterston ; Ayr B.

B. elegans, T. & A. Scott. — L. Gair and Largabruach, U. L. Fyne.

B. hirsuta, T. & A. Scott.— Ayr B., r.

B. similis, T. & A. Scott.— Largabruach ; Kilbrennan Sd. ; Ayr B.

Zosima typica, Boeck. — Lowburn, and Largabruach, U. L. Fyne ; Kil-
brennan Sd., not r.

Tachidius brevicornis (G. F. Miill.). — Cumbrae, nr. Millport (Shore) ; Hun-
terston in brackish water pools.

T. littoralis, Poppe. — Shore pools, Dumbarton and Hunterston.

Robertsonia tenuis (B. & R.). — Rothesay B.

Amymone sphaerica, Claus. — E. L. Tarbert ; Kilbrennan Sd. ; Whiting B. ;
nr. Sanda I.

A. nigrans, T. & A. Scott.— Otter Spit, L. Fyne 12/1/99.

Stenhelia hispida, Brady. — Off Portincross, Ayrshire 15 f. (Brady).

S. ima, Brady. — Off Callum's Hole, Bute ; off Glen Sannox (Brady) ; E. L.
Tarbert ; off Inveraray.

S. intermedia, T. Scott. — Kilbrennan Sd.

S. hirsuta, /. C. Thompson. — Tarbert Bank ; Campbeltown L.

Ameira longipes, Boeck. — Off Portincross, Ayrshire (Brady).

A. longicaudata, T. Scott. — U. L. Fyne ; Kilbrennan Sd., off Sanda I.

A. exilis, T. & A. Scott. — Shore pools at Hunterston.

A. exigua, T. Scott. — Kilbrennan Sd.

A. longiremis, T. Scott. — L. Gair ; Kilbrennan Sd.

Jonesiella spinulosa (B. & R.). — Largabruach ; Kilbrennan Sd. ; Campbel-
town L.

J. fusiformis (B. & A).— Tarbert Bank 20 f. ; off Sanda I.

COPEPODA. 353

Delavalia palustris, Brady.— Brackish pools, Dumbarton ; Hunterston.

D. reflexa, B. & R. — Nr. Sanda L, rather r.

D. robusta, B. & R. — Largabruach ; Kilbrennan Sd., nr. Sanda I.

D. mimica, T. Scott. — L. Gair ; Kilbrennan Sd., Ayr B.

D. aemula, T. Scott. — Ayr B. ; Campbeltown L., not c.

D. giesbrechti, T. & A. Scott. — Ayr B. ; Campbeltown L.

var . . . ? — Brackish-water pools, Hunterston.
Pseudotachidius coronatus, T. Scott. — Off Lowburn, Hd. of L. Fyne ; ofi'

Skate I., 105 f. ; bet. Arran and Heads of Ayr, 40 f.
Cervinia bradyi, Norman. — D. w. E. of Arran, very r.
Canthocamptus staphylinus (Jurine). — C. in fresh water lochs, ponds,

ditches, &c.
C. palustris, G. S. Brady. — Brackish pools, Dumbarton ; Langbank ;

Hunterston ; Dubh L., nr. Inveraray.

C. parvus, T. & A. Scott. — Brackish pools, Hunterston, not c.
C. minutus, Glaus. — L. Lomond ; L. Doon ; Park L. and Achy-L., nr.

Campbeltown.

C. inornatus, T. Scott. — L. Arklet ; Park L., not c.
C. schmeilii, Mrazek. — L. Lomond ; L. Doon ; Park L.
C. hirticornis, T. Scott. — Brackish pools at Langbank.
C. CUSpidatus, Schmeil. — L. Fad, Bute, r.

C. crassus, G. 0. Sars. — Freq. in most fresh-water lochs and ponds.
C. pygmaeus, G. 0. Sars. — More or less freq. in lochs, ponds, ditches.
C. ZSChokkei, Schmeil.- — Dhu Lochan, nr. L. Lomond ; L. Fad, Bute ; Black

L. and Park L., nr. Campbeltown.
Moraria anderson-smithi, T. & A. Scott. — L. Arklet ; L. Lomond ; L.

Doon ; Garry L. (Ailsa Craig) ; Black L., nr. Campbeltown.
M. brevipes (G. 0. Sars). — L. Doon, not c.

M. poppei (Mrazek). — L. Fad, Bute ; Shore pools at Hunterston, r.
Maraenobiotus vejdovskei, Mrazek. — L. Doon, amongst shore vegetation.
Psyllocamptus fairliensis, T. Scott. — Shore pools bet. Fairlie and Hun-
terston.

Mesochra lilljeborgii, Boeck. — Brackish -water pools at Hunterston.
M. spinicauda, T. & A. Scott. — Shore pools, nr. Millport.
Neobradya pectinifer, T. Scott. — Ballantrae Bank, r.

Tetragoniceps consimilis, T. Scott. — Ballantrae Bank ; Otter Spit, L. Fyne.
T. incertus, T. Scott.— Dredged bet. Sanda and Bennan Hd. 1896.
T. macronyx, T. Scott. — Dredged, Ballantrae Bank, 18 f.
Diosaccus tenuicornis(CYaws). — Cumbrae, surface net ; Portincross, dredged

(Brady) r E. L. Tarbert ; Kilbrennan Sd.

Laophonte serrata (Glaus). — E. L. Tarbert ; Kilbrennan Sd. r.
L. horrida (Norman). — Off Cumbrae and Portincross (Brady) : U. L. Fyne ;

Kilbrennan Sd., not unc.

L. thoracica, Boeck. — Off Inveraray and Largabruach, U. L. Fyne.
L. Similis (Glaus).— E. L. Tarbert ; L. Fyne (Calderwood). Shore pools,

Hunterston.
L. curticauda, Boeck. — Amongst weeds at L. Cumbrae (Brady) : shore pools

Hunterston.

L. longicaudata, Boeck.— Otter Spit ; Kilbrennan Sd.
L. lamellifera (Glaus). — Portincross, Ayrshire ; off Cumbrae and Bute

(Brady) ; Otter Spit ; Ayr B.
L. intermedia, T. Scott. — Shore pools Hunterston.
L. hispida (B. & .ft.).— Off Glen Sannox ; off Cumbrae and Bute (Brady) :

Largabruach, U. L. Fyne ; Ayr B.
L. littorale, T. & A. Scott. — Shore pools Hunterston.
L. mahommed, Richard. — Brackish pools Langbank.
L. depressa, T. Scott. — Tarbert Bank 25 f. not c.

z

354 CRUSTACEA.

L. simulans, T. Scott. — Off Inveraray ; Kilbrennan Sd. ; freq. in crevices of
decaying wood.

L. denticornis, T. Scott. — Machrie B. ; Kilbrennan Sd.

Pseudolaophonte spinosa (/. C. Thompson). — Dredged nr. Otter Spit 15-18 f.,
Jany. 99.

Laophontodes typicus, T. Scott. — Nr. Otter Spit ; Carradale B.

L. bicornis, A. Scott. — Machrie B., not c.

Pontopolites typicus, T. Scott. — L. Gair ; Largabruach, U. L. Fyne ; Kil-
brennan Sd.

Normanella dubia (B. & R.}. — L. Gair ; Largabruach ; Machrie B. ; Carra-
dale B. ; Ayr B.

Cletodes limicola, Brady. — Kilbrennan Sd.

C. longicaudata, B. &R. — Off Portincross, Ayrshire (Brady) : E. L. Tarbert ;
L. Gair ; Largabruach ; Kilbrennan Sd. ; Campbeltown L.

C. propinqua, B. & R. — Shore pools Hunterston.

C. linearis (Glaus). — r. ; E. L. Tarbert ; bet. Sanda and Bennan Hd.

C. similis, T. Scott.— Otter Spit.

C. curvirostris, T. Scott. — Carradale B. ; Campbeltown L.

C. lata, T. Scott. — Kilbrennan Sd. ; Campbeltown L. ; nr. Davaar I.

C. irrasa, T. Scott. — Kilbrennan Sd.

C. tenuipes, T. Scott. — r. ; Carradale B., off Sanda I.

C. hirsutipes, T. Scott. — Carradale B.

Itunella tenuiremis (T. Scott). — Nr. Lowburn and Largabruach, U. L.

Fyne ; shore pools Hunterston.

Leptopsyllus minor, T. Scott. — Shore pools, nr. Millport, not c.
L. herdmanni, /. C. Thompson <L A. Scott.— Shore pools, nr. Millport, not c.
Enhydrosoma curvatum, B. & R. — Off Portincross ; Cumbrae ; Bute

(Brady) : L. Gair ; Ayr B.

Pseudocletodes vararensis, T. & A. Scott. — Nr. Sanda I. twice.
Nannopus palustris, Brady. — Brackish pools Inverkip and Hunterston.
Platychelipus littoralis, Brady. — Dumbarton ; Ayr B. ; Carradale B. ;

Hunterston, shore pools.

Huntemannia jadensis, S. A. Poppe. — Shore pools nr. Millport ; Inverkip.
Heteropsyllus curticaudatus, T. Scott. — Carradale B., r.
Dactylopus pectinatus, T.Scott. — Nr. head of L. Fyne (18 f.).

D. tisboides, Glaus. — Off L. Cumbrae, and Portincross (Brady) ; E. L. Tar-

bert ; Kilbrennan Sd., etc.

D. similis, Glaus. — Off Portincross (Brady) ; L. Fyne ; Whiting B. ; Camp-
beltown L.

D. stromii (Baird). — Nr. Cumbrae (Brady) ; Ayr B. ; Whiting B., etc.

D. flavus, Glaus. — Off Callum's Hole, Bute (Brady) ; head of L. Fyne ; Otter
Spit ; Ayr B.

D. brevicornis, Glaus. — Whiting B. ; off Sanda I.

D. minutus, Glaus. — E. L. Tarbert (16 f.) ; off Sanda I.

Thalestris mysis, Glaus. — E. L. Tarbert ; Machrie B.

T. helgolandica, Glaus. — Clyde (A. M. N.) ; Whiting B. ; Kilbrennan Sd.

T. rufocincta, Norman. — Off Cumbrae, and Portincross (Brady) ; Otter Spit ;
Whiting B., freq.

T. harpactoides, Glaus. — Shore pools Hunterston.

T. clausii, Norman. — L. Fyne (Calderwood) ; off Cumbrae (Brady) : Machrie
B. ; Ayr B.

T. violascens, Glaus. — Nr. the ' Allans ' Cumbrae (Brady), r.

T. hibernica, B. & R.—Off Cumbrae (Brady), r.

T. longimana, Glaus. — Off Portincross (Brady) ; Machrie B.

T. peltata (Boeck). — Otter Spit, rather r.

T. forficulus, Glaus. — Off Inveraray, and Largabruach, U. L. Fyne ; Machrie
B. ; Shore pools Hunterston, not very r.

COPEPODA. 355

Pseudothalestris pygmaea, T. & A. Scott. — Machrie B. ; Ballantrae Bank, r.
Westwoodia nobilis (Baird).—Off Portincross, 10-30 f. (Brady); E. L.

Tarbert (Calderwood) ; shore at Hunterston.
Harpacticus chelifer (Mutter). — Gen. dist., freq.
H. fulvus, Fischer. — Brackish pools, Hunterston.
H. flexus, £.<£.&— Kames B., Cumbrae, 1-2 f. (Brady); E. L. Tarbert;

shore at Hunterston.
Zaus spinatus, Goodsir. — E. L. Tarbert ; L. Fyne (Calderwood) : Otter Spit ;

Machrie B., freq.

Z. goodsiri, Brady. — Off Portincross, 15 f. (Brady) : Otter Spit ; off Sanda I.
Alteutha bopyroides, Glaus. — E. L. Tarbert ; L. Fyne (Calderwood).
A. crenulata (Brady). — Off Sanda I. ; Ballantrae Bank.
Eupelta purDurocinctum (Norman). — E. L. Tarbert (Calderwood) : Ayr B. ;

N.-E. of Sanda I. Mod. freq. in Clyde.
Peltidium purpureum, Philippi. — E. L. Tarbert ; off Largabruach ; nr.

Lowburn, L. Fyne, rather r.
Porcellidium fimbriatum, Glaus. — Cumbrae : Portincross (Brady) : E. L.

Tarbert (Calderwood) : Machrie B. Freq. on fronds of Laminaria.
P. viride (Philippi). — Cumbrae ; Portincross (Brady).
P. subrotundum, Norman. — L. Fyne (M.) ; Portincross (Brady).
Idya furcata (Baird). — E. L. Tarbert (Calderwood) : Cumbrae ; Portincross

(Brady) ; Machrie B.
I. gracilis, T. Scott. — L. Gair ; off Inveraray ; off Lowburn (U. L. Fyne) ;

shore pools Hunterston.

I. longicornis, T.&A.Scott. — E. L. Tarbert ; Machrie B. ; Campbeltown L.
I. minor, T.&A.Scott. — Largabruach, U. L. Fyne; Machrie B.
I. cluthae, T. Scott. — Nr. head of L. Fyne ; off Ailsa Craig.
Scutelidium fasciatum, Boeck. — E. L. Tarbert (Calderwood).
Cylindropsyllus laevis, Brady. — E. L. Tarbert ; Ballantrae Bank.
C. minor, T.Scott. — Ballantrae Bank 18 f., not c.
C. fairliensis, T. Scott. — Brackish pools at Hunterston, rather r.
Leptocaris minutus, T. Scott. — Brackish pools at Hunterston, r.

Fam. Monstrillidae.
Monstrilla danae, Claparede.--\J. L. Fyne, sometimes freq. ; Kilbrennan Sd.

Fam. Corycaeidae.
Corycaeus anglicus, Lubbock. — In surface net nr. Ailsa Craig, 29/5/99.

Fam. Lichomolgidae.

Modiolicola insignis, Aurivilius. — Commensal in shell of M. modiolus.
Lichomolgus albens, Ihorell. — Dredged nr. Otter Spit.
L. agilis, Leydig. — Kilbrenuan Sd., on branchial plumes of Doris sp.
L. maximus, /. C. Thompson.— Freq. in Clyde ; commensal with Pectenmaxi-

mus and P. operculare.

L. fucicolus, Brady. — Nr. Largabruach, U. L. Fyne.
L. furcillatus, Thorell. — Off Inveraray, r.
L. forficulus, Thorell. — E. L. Tarbert ; Tarbert Bank, in branchial chamber

of large Ascidians.
Sabelliphilus sarsi, Claparede. — Kilbrennan Sd. ; off Sanda I. ; on branchial

plumes of Sabella sp.
Hermanella arenicola (Brady). — Off Battery Pt., Cumbrae (Brady) : Nr.

Otter Spit, 8-15 f. ; L. Gilp, 2-3 f. ; not c.
Pseudanthessius liber (B.&R.).—S. of Bute, 16 f. (Brady): nr. Lowburn

and luveraray.

P. thorellii (B. & R.). — From various parts of estuary.
Clausia cluthae, T. & A. Scott.— Tarbert Bank, 20-25 f. ; Ayr B.

356 CRUSTACEA.

Fam. Asterocheridae.

Asterocheres lilljeborgi, Boeck. — Tarbert Bank, 20-25 f., r.

A. echinicola (Norman). — Gen. dist., freq. in water passages of Suberites.

A. simulans (T. Scott). — L. Fyne and Clyde, r.

A. violaceus (Glaus). — Nr. Otter Spit ; otf Pladda ; r.

Dermatomyzon nigripes (B. & R.}. — E. L. Tarbert (Calderwood) : off Cal-

luin's Hole, Bute ; Portincross (Brady).

Rhynchomyzon purpurocinctum (T.Scott). — Otter Spit, 8-15 f., Jany./99.
Scottomyzon gibberum (T. & A. Scott). — Nr. head of L. Fyne on Echinus

esculentus.
Acontiophorus scutatus (B. & R.\ — Off Portincross (Brady) : Otter Spit ;

Machrie B. ; off Sanda I.

Scottocheres elongatus (T. & A. Scott).- -Off Sanda I., r.
Neopontius angularis, T. Scott. — Otter Spit ; Kilbrennan Sd., r.
Cribropontius normani (B. & R.). — L. Gair, r.
Bradypontius magniceps (Brady). — Off Portincross (Brady) : E. L. Tarbert

(Calderwood) : nr. Head of L. Fyne.
Dyspontius striatus, Thorell. — Whiting B., r.
Artotrogus orbicularis, Boeck. — Tarbert Bank, 20 f., very r.
Parartotrogus richardi, T. & A. Scott.— NT. Otter Spit, 15-18 f. (Jany. 99).
Eurynotopsyllus insolens, T. Scott ( = Eurynotus insolens, T. Scott). — KiU

brenuan Sd., 86 (F. S. G.)j very r.
Cancerina confusa, T. Scott. — Tarbert Bank, very r., 1899 (F. S. G.).

COPE POD A PAR A SIT A.

CLASSIFICATION ADOPTED : Dr. Basset Smith, " Systematic description of
parastic Copepoda found on fishes," (Proc. Zool Soc. London, April 1899).

Fam. Ergasilidae.

Bomolochus soleae, Glaus. — Back of Solea vulgaris, captured in Clyde
(F. S. G.). Freq. in nostrils of Cod.

Fam. Caligidae.

Caligus curtus, 0. F. Miill. — On various fishes, Cod, Saithe, etc., mod. c.

C. rapax, M.-Edw. — On various fishes, also in townet ; c. and gen. dist.

C. diaphanus, Nordmann. — Chiefly in gill cavity of Gurnards, Trigla gur-

nardus ; T. lineata, etc.
Lepeophtheirus pectoralis (0. F. Miill.). — Not unc, under pectoral fins of

flat fishes, as the Plaice, Pleuronectes platessa, and Flounder, P.flesus.
L. thompsoni, Baird. — Freq. on the gills of Turbot, Bothus maximus.

(F. S. G.).

L. stromi, Baird. — On Salmon nr. Girvan (Duthie, Fishery Officer).
L. (?) obscurus, Baird. — On gills of Brill, Bothus rhombus, Clyde (F. S. G.).
Trebius caudatus, Kr. — On Raia batis and R. clavata, F. of Clyde ; freq.

Fam. jfDichelestiidae .

Clavella labracis, van Ben. — On gills of stripped wrasse Labrus mixtus,

nr. Ayr, Jan. 1900.
Cycnus pallidus (van Ben.). — On gills of Conger, Conger niger. F. of Clyde ;

notr. (F.S.G.)

Fam. Lernaeidae.

Lernaea branchialis, Lin. — Not jjuiic. on gills of Haddocks, Whitings and
other Gadoids (F. S. G.).

COPEPODA. 357

Fam. Chondracanthldae.

Oralien asellinus (Lin.). — Not unc. on gills of Gurnards, flat fishes, etc.
Chondracanthus cornutus, (0. F. Mull.). — On gills of Plaice, Pleuronectes

platessa ; Clyde (F. S. G.).
C. clavatus, Basset Smith, — Mod. freq. on gills of Lemon Soles, Pleuronectes

microcephalus, F. of Clyde (F. S. G.).

C. soleae, Kr. — On gills of Black Sole, Solea vulgaris, F. of Clyde (F. S. G.).
C. flurae, Kr. — On gills of Long Bough Dabs Drepanopsetta platessoides, F. of

Clyde.
C. merluccii, Holten. — Clinging to roof and sides of mouth of Hake Merlucius

merluccius, Clyde.
C. lophii, Johnston. — Inside gill pouches of Angler-fish, Lophius piscatorius,

Clyde (F. S. G.).
C. zeus, De la Roche. — Occasionally on gills of John dory, Zeus faber, Clyde

(F. S. G.).
C. limandae, Kr. — On gills of common Dab, Pleuronectes limanda, Clyde

(F. S.G.).
C. ornatus, T. Scott. —On gills of a Spotted dragonet, CaXlionymus maculatus,

Clyde 1899 (F. S. G.).

Fam, Lernaeopodidae.

Charopinus dubius, T. Scott. — On gills and gill-arches of Raia circularis,

Clyde, Dec., 99 (F. S. G.).
Lerneopoda galei, Kr. — Attached bet. ventral fins of Galeorhinus galeus

(Duthie) : also on Scijlliorhinus caniculus (F. S. G.).
L. bidiscalis, W. F. de V. Kane. — Attached to end of claspers of Galeorhinus

qaleus, Clyde Jany. 1900 (Duthie).

L. ciuthae, T. Scott.— On gills of Raia fullonica, Clyde, April 1897 (F. S. G.).
Brachiella insidiosa, Heller. — On gills of Hake, Merlucius merluccius, Clyde

(F. S. G.).

B. triglae, Glaus. — From gills of Trigla lineata, nr. Ailsa Craig 1897.
B. merluccii, Basset-Smith. — On gill-rakers of Merlucius merluccius, Clyde

(F. S. G.).
Anchorella rugosa, Kr. — On gills of Anarrhichus lupus, not unc. in Clyde

(F. S. G.).
A. uncinata, 0. F. Miill. — Not unc. on Whiting and other gadoids in Clyde

(F. S. G.).

A. stellata, Kr. — On skin of Hake Merlucius merluccius, Clyde, 18/12/99

(F. S. G.).

Fam. Choniostomatidae.

Aspidoecia normani, Giard and Bonnier. — Living upon Erythrops serrata,
G. O. Sars, Clyde, rather r. (S.). (See Dr. H. J. Hansen's Monog. on the
Choniostomatidae}.

ORDER THORACICA.

Fam. Balanidae.

Balanus porcatus, Costa. — U. L. Fyne, on shells otMytilus (M.). Gen. dist.,
freq.

B. crenatus, Brug. — U. L. Fyne (M.). Bet. Corswall and Mull of Kin tyre

(F. S.G.), freq.

B. balanoides (Lin.}. — U. L. Fyne (M.). Gen. dist., freq.
B. hameri (Ascan.}. — U. L. Fyne in 12-20 f., and also on the shore (M.).

Occasionally by dredging.

358 CRUSTACEA.

Fam. Verrucidae.
Verruca stromia (0. F. 'Mull.). — Freq. on stones and dead shells.

Fam. Lepadidae.
Scalpellum vulgare, Leach. — Attached to Zoophytes ; not very r. in Clyde.

ORDER RHIZOCEPHALA.

Fam. Sacculinae.

(NOTE. — Several Sacculines have been obtained in the Clyde ; but without
a knowledge of their development it would be unsafe to say whether they are
distinct or not, and with one or two exceptions I am therefore unable to
ascribe them to particular species).

Sacculina carcini (Thomp.). — On abdomen of shore crab, Carcinus maenas,

not unc. in some parts of the Clyde.

S. sp.— On abdomen of Galathea dispersa, Clyde 1895-1896, r. (F. S. G.):.
S. sp.— On abdomen of Munida rugosa (Fabr.). Clyde 1896-1897 (F. S! G.) :

1899 (Alex. Patience). Not very r. in seaward part of estuary.
S. sp. — On the abdomen of Inachus dorsettensis, dredged bet. Arran and

Ayrshire, 20-43 f., 1897 (F. S. G.), apparently r.
S. sp. — On the abdomen of Stenorhynchus rostratus, in the trawl net E. of

Arran in 20-43 f., 9/97 (F. S. G.).
Peltogaster paguri (Rathke). — On abdomen of Eupagurus bernhardus, E. L.

Tarbert (1886), etc. (S.).

PYCNOGONIDAE.
BY M. LAURIE.

Pycnogonum littorale, Fabr. — Mod. c.
Phoxichilidmm sp. — Cumbrae, among sea weed, 1. w. (E.).
Pallene brevirostris, Johnst. — L. w. Allans, Cumbrae (R.) : Lamlash B. (H.).
Nymphon gracile, Fabr. — L. Cumbrae, Lam Zone and 1. w. (R.) : Lamlash
B. (H.).

MARINE WORMS.
BY JAMES F. GEMMILL, M.A., M.D., The University, Glasgow.

EEFERENCES, ETC.

D. E.t = Specimens sent to British Museum by the late David Eobertson,
LL.D. ; v. Johnston, Catalogue of the Brit. Non-parasitical Worms, 1865.

D. R* = Specimens sent by Dr. Eobertson to Prof. M'Intosh, St. Andrews,

v. A Monograph of the British Annelids, vol. ii. (Ray. Soc.\ 1873-74.
F. = Edward Forbes, F.E.S., Brit. Asxoc. Rep., 1850, p. 244.
H. = Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.E.S., &c., Trans. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. v.,

p. 202.

Hoyle = W. E. Hoyle, M.A., F.E.S.E, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) xx. p. 442.
S.=Thomas Scott, F.L.S., I5tk Ann. Rep. Scot. Fish. Board, Pt. iii., p. 157.

(The list of worms here given is mainly from MS. records of the S. Y.

" Medusa.")

M = " Medusa " records.
Eob. Mus. = Eobertson Museum, Millport.
§ = Specimens identified by M. I. Newbigin, D.Sc., &c., Edin. School of

Medicine for Women.

J. F. G. = J. F. Gemmill, M.A., M.D., The University, Glasgow.
(?) before a record indicates that no species authority was given in the

source from which the particular record was taken.

POLYCHAETA.

The general arrangement adopted is that given by Malmgren, Annulata
Polychaeta, -Stockholm, 1867.

Aphrodite aculeata, Linn. — Widely dist. but not plentiful, 15-17 f.
Euphrosyne foliosa, Audouin and M. Edwards. — Millport (D. E.t).

E. Robertson!, APIntosh.— Firth of Clyde (D. E.*) : nr. Ailsa 20 f. (J. F. G.).
Hermione hystrix, Savigny. — U. L. Fyne, 65-70 f. (S. : J. F. G).
Laetmonice filicornis Kinberg, var. kinbergi.— U. L. Fyne 70 f (S.).
Lepidonotus squamatus, Linn. — C. everywhere litt. zone and mod. depths.
L. clava, Montagu. — Millport, litt. to 15 f. (J. F. G.).

Gattyana cirrosa, Pallas. — S.E. of Sanda, 23 f. (J. F. G.) : no doubt = Nychia

cirrosa (Pallas} recorded by H. from Lamlash B.
Eunoa nodosa Sars. — Specimen in Eob. Mus. identified by M'Intosh.
Lagisca floccosa, Sav. — Millport, shore and mod. depths (J. F. G.).
Acanthicolepis asperrima, Sars. — F. of Clyde (D. E.*) : S.E. of Sanda 23 f.

(J. F. G).

Evarne impar, Johnston. — Lamlash B. (H.).
Harmothoe imbricata, Linn. — Lamlash B. (H.) ; Millport shore and at mod.

depths (J. F. G).
H. lunulata, Delle Chiaje.— Millport 5-15 f. (J. F. G.).

360 MARINE WORMS.

Halosydna gelatinosa, Sars.— U. L. Fyne (S.) : Millport shore and various

depths (J. F. G.).
Panthalis oerstedi, Knbg. — L. Fyne 40 f. and over (F. G. Pearcey) : L. Fyne

50 f.; Bet. Arran and Cumbrae 70 (J. F. G.).
Scalisetosus cqmmunis, D. Ch. — Millport 5-15 f. (J. F. G.).
Sigalion Mathildae, And. and Edw. — Lamlash B. (H.).
S. Buskii, M'Int.— Dunoon Basin 8 f. (M.).
Sthenelais boa, Johnston. — Sand, Balloch B. (J. F. G.) : possibly = Sigalion

boa recorded in (M.) : from nr. Davaar 20 f., and nr. Pladda 15-35 f.
S. limicpla, Mfers,— Millport 15-20 f. ; nr. Davaar 20 f. (J. F.G.).
Pholoe inornata, Jnstn. — Millport (D. R.t).
Nephthys caeca (Fabricius.). — Gareloch (D. R.) : v. Malmgren, p. 141).

Millport sand (J. F. G.).

N. Hombergi (And. and Edw.). — E. side of U. L. Fyne (S.).
(?) N. ciliata.— U. L. Fyne 15-20 f. (S.) : may be N. ciliata (Milller).
N. longisetosa (Oersted.).— Lamlash B. (H.) : Millport 10-15 f. (J. F. G.).
Phyllodoce lamelligera, Jnstn. — Under stones nr. 1. w. Balloch : seems

intermediate between P. lamelligera, Jnstn. and P. laminosa, Sav.

Quatrefages (M. I. Newbigin, Millport Station "Communications," 1900).
P. maculata, (Mull.}. §— Millport 5-15 f. (J.F.G.).
P. groenlandica, Oerst. § — Campbeltown L. 20 f. (J. F. G.).
P. paretti, Blainville. §— Millport 10-15 f. (J.F.G.).
Eulalia viridis, Miill.— Lamlash B. (H.) : off Sanda 19 f (M.).
E. obtecta, Ehlers. §— Campbeltown L. 20 f. ; off Whiting B. 20-30 f. ; bet.

Fairlie and Cumbrae 15-20 f. (J. F. G.).

E. punctifera, Grube. §— Off S. End of Bute 15-20 f. (J. F. G.).
E. cordifolia, Jnstn. §— Millport 10 f. (J. F. G.).
Eteone foliosa, Qfg. §— Nr. Ailsa 20 f. (J. F. G.).
E. depressa, Malmgren. — Millport 10-15 f. (J. F. G.).
Psamathe punctata (Jnstn.). — Millport 1. w. m. to 10 f. (J. F. G.).
Syllis armillaris (Miill.).— Lamlash B. (H.) : Millport 10 f. (J. F. G.).
Autolytus (prob.) longisetosus (Oerst.). — Millport bottom townet 10 f.

(J. F. G.).

Nereis pelagica (Linn.). — Very widely dist. on shore and in shall, waters.
N. Dumerilii, And. and Edw.~ Lamlash B. (H.) : U. L. Fyne 10-15 f. (S.) :

Millport 5-15 f. (J. F. G.).
N. diversicolor, Mull. — Lamlash B. (H.) : Ayrshire (P. W. M'Lagan) :

Cumbrae (D. E.t).

(?) N. virens. — Sanda 22 f. (M.), probably = N. virens, Sars.
(?) N. bilineata. — Dunoon basin shore (M.), probably = N. bilineata, Jfg., Qfg.
Nereilepas fucata (Sav.). — In shells tenanted by hermit crabs, many locali-
ties (J. F.G.).

Lumbrinereis fragilis, Mull.— Millport 10-20 f. (J. F. G.).
L. nardonis, Grube. — E. side of U. L. Fyne (S.).
Eunice norvegica (Linn.). — E. side of U. L. Fyne (S.) : outside Davaar 19 f.

(J.F.G.).

(?) E. sanguinea.— Off Pladda 30-35 f. (M.).

Hyalinoecia tubicola (Mull.). — Widely dist. 15-70 f., many records.
Northia tubicola (Jnstn.). — Synonymous with the foregoing.
N. conchylega (Sars.).— Firth of Clyde (D. R.t) : Dunoon Basin 5-10 f. (M.):

Millport 12 f. (J. F. G.).
Goniada maculata, Oerst. — Millport 20 f. ; bet. L. Cumbrae and Garroch

Hd. 40 f. (J. F. G.).

G. (prob.) emeiita,tAud. and Edw.— Millport 20 f. (J. F. G.).
Glycera tesselata, Grube. var. M'Intoshii. — U. L. Fyne 15-60 f. (S.).
G. capitata, Oerst. — C. litt. zone and mod. shall, water.
G. gigantea, Qfg. — Fairlie sand (M. I. Newbigin).

MARINE WORMS. 361

Ammotrypane aulogaster, Rathke. — Widely disk mud 10-25 f.

Ophelia limacina, Rtke.—Off Mull of Kintyre 55 f. (J. F. G.).

Travisia Forbesi, Jnstn. — Cumbrae (D. E.t).

Scalibregma inflatum, Rtke. — Millport (Kolliker) : off Keppel 15 f. ; bet.

Bute and Cumbrae 20-50 f. ; U. L. Fyne 30 f., (J. F.G.).
Eumenia Jeffreys!!, M'-Int. — In deeper waters all over Clyde area.
Arenicola marina (Linn.} — Very c. on shore wherever plenty of sand.
A. ecaudata, Jnstn. — Sand at Balloch (J. F. G.).
Ephesia gracilis, Rtke. [=Sphaerodorum peripatus (Jnstn.)]. — Specimen in

Rob. Mus. : Millport 5-10 f. (J. F. G.).

Trophonia plumosa (Mull.). — R. but widely dist., 1. w. m. to 40 f.
T. glauca, Mgrn.—U. L. Fyne 15-20 f. (S.) : off Keppel 5-10 f. (M. I. New-

bigin) : bet. L. Cumbrae and Portincross 15 f. (J. F. G.).
Siphonostoma diplochaitos, Otto. — Many records.
Chaetopterus variopedatus, Ren. [ = C. insignis (Bawd)].— Widely dist.

10-47 f., many records.
Nerine foliosa, Sars. [ = N. coniocephala (Jnstn.)]. — Sand at Balloch and

Garrison B., Cumbrae (J. F. G.). Specimen in Rob. Mus., named Aonis

vittata (Grube).
N. cirratulus, Clap. (D. Ch.). — Sand, Balloch and Garrison B., Cumbrae

(J. F. G.).

Scolecolepis vulgaris (Jnstn.) Mgrn. — Foul sand at Lochgilphead (J. F. G.).
Scoloplos armiger (Mull.). — Sand, Balloch ; Lochgilphead, etc. (J. F. G.).
Cirratulus cirratus (Miill.) Mgrn.[ = G. borealis (Lam.)]. — C. under stones

(J. F. G.).

Chaetozone setosa, Mgrn. — Bet. L. Cumbrae and Portincross 15 f. (J. F. G.).
Notomastus latericeus, Sars. — Nr. Ailsa 23 f. ; bet. L. Cumbrae and Ayr-
shire 20 f. (J. F. G.). A Notomastus sp. (?) U. L. Fyne (S.).
Capitella capitata, Fdbr. — Balloch, sand (J. F. G.).
Maldane biceps (Sars) Mgrn. — U. L. Fyne 60 f. (S.) ; off Cock of Arran

90 f. (J. F. G.).
Rhodine Lov<*ni, Mgrn.—L. Fyne 70 f. (S.) : off Dippin 69 f. ; off Sheep I.

30 f. (J. F. G.). '
Nicomache lumbricalis (Fabr.). — S. E. of Sanda 23 fms. (J.F.G.). Probably

= Clymene borealis recorded by (H.) from Lamlash B. A Clymene

lumbricalis (Aud. & Edw.) found by D. R.t, from the description of the

funnel seems to be Axiothea catenata, Mgrn.
Axiothea catenata, Mgrn. — See under preceding.
(?) Clymene amphistoma. — U. L. Fyne 15-20 f. (S.).
Praxilla gracilis (Sars). — Sand nr. Ailsa 29 f. (J. F. G.). Probably = the

Clymene (Praxilla) gracilis, from U. L. Fyne 15-20 f. (S.).
P. praetermissa, Mgrn. — Millport 10-15 f. (J. F. G.).

Owenia filiformis, D. Ch.— Lamlash B. (H.) : c. 10-20 f. nr. Millport ( J. F. G.).
Sabellaria alveolata. — Clyde 15-20 f. (F.). Probably = S. alveolata, Linn.=

S. anglica (Jnstn.).

Pectinaria belgica (Pall.). — Many records.

Amphlctene auricoma (Mull.).— Lamlash B. (H.) : Millport 10-15 f. (J.F.G.).
Lagis Koreni, Mgrn. — Millport. Rob's, specimen in Rob. Mus.
Petta pusilla. — Millport (Robertson).

Ampharete gracilis, Mgrn. — Fairlie Channel 15-20 f. (J. F. G.).
Amphicteis Gunneri (Sars).— E. of Davaar 23 f. ; off Sheep I. 20 f. (J.F.G.).
Amage auricula, Mgrn. — Bet. Turnberry and Pladda 30 f. (J. F. G.).
Sosane sulcata, Mgrn. — E. of Davaar 23 f. (J. F. G.).
Amphltrite cirrata, Mull. — Many records.
Terebella Danielsseni (Mgrn.).— Bet. Fairlie and Keppel 15-20 f. (J. F. G.).

=Polymnia nesidensis, D. Ch., U. L. Fyne 15-20 f. (S.).
Lanice conchilega (Pall.). — Sand bet. tide marks, c.

362 MARINE WORMS.

Nicolea venustula, Mont. — All round Cumbrae 10-20 f. (J. F. G.).

Thelepus circinnatus (Fabr.).—U. L. Fyne 10-20 f. (S.). All round Cum-
brae 10-20 f. (J. F. G.).

.Pista cristata (Miill.).— NT. Ailsa 20 f. ; S. E. of Davaar 23 f. ; bet. Bute
and L. Cumbrae 40 f. (J. F.G.).

Trichobranchus glacialis, Mam. — Nr. Ailsa 20 f. ; S. E. of Sanda 20-25 f.
(J. F. G.).

Terebellides Stroemi, Sars. — Widely dist. but nowhere plentiful, 15-40 f.

Polycirrus aurantiacus, Mgrn. — Centre of U. L. Fyne (S.).

P. haematodes (£%>.)•— Fairlie Channel 15-20 f. (J. F. G.).

Sabella pavonina, Sav. — Widely dist., 1. w. m. to 50 f. and over. S.
penicillus (Linn.} also occurs frequently in (M.) and (H.). The two
species seem however to be synonymous.

Potamilla reniformis (MUll.). — Boring in old shells, pieces of stone, ash, etc.,
various localities 8-30 f. (J. F. G.).

Dasychone bombyx, Dalyell.§ — Rob. Mus. : mud, various localities 15-30 f.
(J. F. G.). Probably = the D. argus, E. side of U. L. Fyne (S.).

Jasmineira elegans, St. Joseph. — Off Keppel Pier 10-15 f. (M. I. Newbigin.).

Myxicola infundibulum, Renter— OS Sheep I. 20-23 f. (J. F. G.). * No
doubt = Arippasa infundibulum, Cumbrae (D. R.t).

Chone Duneri, Mgrn.%— Off Keppel Pier 10-20 f. (J.F.G.).

Euchone analis, Mgrn.§ — Millport 15-20 f. (J. F. G.).

Serpula vermicularis, Linn. — C., adherent to stones, shells, etc., 8 f. and
downwards.

Protula tubularia, Mont. — Off Keppel (M. I. Newbigin).

Hydroides norvegica, Gunn, Morch.% — Millport 10-15 f. (J. F. G.).

Pomatocerus triqueter, Mb'rch. — Very c., adherent to stones, etc., 8 f. and
downwards.

Filigrana implexa, Berkeley. — Many records 40 f. and downwards.

Protula protensa (Gr.). — Cumbrae (D. R.t) : Lamlash B. (H.).

Tomopteris onisciformis (Escholtz). — Lamlash B. (H.) : L. Fyne (S.) : Mill-
port in townet (J. F. G.).

Myzostomum cirriferum, Leuckart. — On crinoids dredged oft' L. Cumbrae
15-20 f. (J. F. G.).

Spirorbis borealis, Daudin. — C. everywhere encrusting stones, fucus, etc.

S. nautiloides (Lam.). — Lamlash B. (H.).

NEMERTINEA.

Lineus marinus, Montagu. — Many records from 1. w. m. to mod. depths.

L. gesserensis, 0. F. Miiller. — Under stones bet. tides Skelmorlie (N.

M'Laren) : Millport (Alex. Patience).
(?) L. sanguineus. — GareJoch, Rob. Mus.

Nemertes carcinophila, Kb'lliker. — Millport (A. Patience ; J. F. G.).
N. neesii, Oersted. — Gareloch, Rob. Mus., Millport (A. Patience).
Amphiporus pulcher, Hull. — 15-25 f. shelly ground Skelmorlie (N. M'Laren).
A. lactifloreus, Jnstn. — Under stones bet. tide marks (N. M'Laren).
Cerebratulus angulatus, Milll. — Fairlie Sands (J. F. G.).
Carinella annulata, Mont. — Several records, widely dist. but nowhere

plentiful.

Micrura purpurea, Dalyell. — Millport 8 f. (J. F. G.).
Tetrastemma dorsalis, Abilgaard. — Among weeds 1. w. m. (N. M'Laren).
Cephalothrix linearis, Rathke. — Under stones bet. tide marks (N. M'Laren).
? Polystemma alba. — Rob. Mus.

GEPHYREA.

Phascolosoma papillosum, Thompson. — Nr. Ailsa 20 f. (J. F. G.) (ident. by
A. E. Shipley).

MARINE WORMS. 363

P. Vlllgare, Bla/mvitte. — Tan buoy 12 f. and various other localities (J. F. G.)

(ident. by A. E. Shipley, M. A.).

P. procemm, Mbbius. — NT. Ailsa 20 f. (J. F. G.) (ident. by A. E. Shipley).
(?) P. Strombi, Mont.— L. Fyne 10-70 f. (S.).
(?) Sipunculus bernhardus. — Many records in (M.), etc.

VARIOUS.

Pontobdella muricata, Linn. — Many records.

Malacobdella grossa, 0. F. Miiller. — Many records.

(?) Piscicola marina.— Loch Goil 24-40 f . (M.).

Priapulus caudatus, Lam. — Gareloch (M.).

Sagitta bipunctata, Quoy and Gainard. — All over L. Fyne (S.) : nr. Mill-
port, many records.

Echinorhynchus acus, Rudolphi. — Intestine of cod and flounder (N.
M'Laren).

E. lancea, Westrumb. — Intestine of Vanellus cristatiis (N. M'Laren).

The Turbellaria have not been sufficiently well worked up to warrant the
giving of a list.

ECHINODERMATA.

BY GEORGE BELL TODD, M.B., C.M., Prof. Zoology, Anderson's

College, Medical School, Glasgow.

ARRANGEMENT : Bell, British Echinoderms.

AUTHORITIES :

M = ' Medusa ' M.S. Records of Sir John Murray.

Hoy = Hoyle, W. E., "Deeper water fauna of the Clyde Sea Area" (Journ.
Linn. Soc., vol. xx., 1890.)

ASTEROIDEA.

Astropecten irregularis, Peim. [ = Asterias aurantica (L.}\. — Arran Bas. :

Otterard and Carradale 18 f. ; Dunoon Basin (M.).

Luidia ciliaris (Johnst.) [ = fragilissima, Forbes]. — E. : Arran Bas. ; Carra-
dale 24 f. (M.).
Porania pulvillus (O.F.M.) [ = Groniaster templetoni, Forbes}. — L. Goil :

Dunoon Bas. 18-20 f. : Arran Bas. 10-48 f. : U. L. Fyne 11-25 f. : The

Plateau : Sanda to Ashinhoan, Sanda to Ailsa 19-24 f. (M.) : Kilbrennan

Sd. 22-45 f. : Inchmarnock Bas. 37 f-
Asterina gibbosa, Penn. — Dunoon Bas. (M.).
Palmipes placenta (Penn). [==membranaceus (Retz)].— R. : L. Goil perch

5-8 f. : Dunoon Bas. lower end (M.).
Stichaster roseus [ = Cribella rosea, (0. F. M.)]. — Gareloch : L. Goil:

Dunoon Bas. 10-30 f. : Arran Bas. 30-35 f. : U. L. Fyne shore and 10-25

f. : Kilbrennan Sd. (M.).
Solaster papposus (Fabr.). — L. Goil : Gareloch : Dunoon Bas. 7-50 f. :

Arran Bas. 18-28 f. : U. L. Fyne 10-30 f. : and shore : The Plateau 24 f.

(M.) : Inchmarnock Bas. 22 f. (Hoy).
S. endeca (L.). — Gareloch : L. Goil : Dunoon Bas. 6-20 f. : L. Striven

15-20 f. : Arran Bas. 16-26 f. : U. L. Fyne 10-25 f. : The Plateau :

Davaar 24 f. (M.).
Henricia sanguinolenta, 0. F. M. [ = Cribella oculata (Penn.)]. — Gareloch :

L. Goil : Dunoon Bas. : L. Striven : U. L. Fyne : The Plateau 19-22 f.

(M.) : Inchmarnock Bas. 80 f. (Hoy).
Asterias rubens L. — C.

var. violacea (0. F.M.). — L. Goil 45 f. : Dunoon Bas. 30-40 f.: Arran Bas.

22 f. : U. L. Fyne shore and 15-20 f. : The Plateau — Sanda to Ashinhoan,

Sanda to Ailsa 22-34 f. (M.) : Kilbrennan Sd. 23 f. (Hoy).
A. glacialis (0. F. M.).— Arran B. 24 f. : U. L. Fyne 10-25 f. : The Plateau

24 f. (M.).
A. hispida, Penn. — L. Striven (M.).

ECHINODERMATA. 365

OPHIUROIDEA.

Ophiura ciliaris, L. — C. in Gareloch : L. Goil : Dunoon Bas. : U. L. Fyne,

Minard, centre and near head 5-150 f. : the Plateau, Sanda to Ailsa

24 f. (M.), &c.
0. albida (Forbes). — C. : Gareloch : L. Goil : L. Striven : Arran Bas. : Carra-

dale 18-47 f. : U. L. Fyne, Minard 12-70 f. : the Plateau : Campbeltown

L. 8-16 f. (M.).
0. affinis (Ltk.). — C. in Gareloch : L. Goil : U. L. Fyne, Minard, W. and E. side

and centre 12-70 f. (M.) : Kilbrennan Sd. 75-80 f. : Inchmarnock Bas.

104 f. (Hoy.).

Ophiocnida brachiata (Mont.). — Dunoon Bas. (M.).
Amphiura chiajii, Forbes. — C. Gareloch : L. Goil : Dunoon Bas. 5-50 f. :

L. Striven 10-40 f. : Arran Bas. 22-92 f. : U. L. Fyne, centre and near

head, 10-70 f. (M.) : Kilbrennan Sd. 75-80 f. : Inchmarnock Bas. 37-109 f.

(Hoy).
A. filiformis (0. F. M.). — C. Gareloch ; L. Goil : Dunoon Bas., centre,

10-50 f. : L. Striven 10-40 f. : Arran Bas. 18-20 f. : U. L. Fyne 10-70 f. :

The Plateau 22 f. (M.) : Brodick Bas. 50-90 f. : Kilbrennan Sd. 75-80 f. :

Inchmarnock Bas. 100 f. (Hoy).
Ophiopholis aculeata (L.). — C. : Gareloch : L. Goil : Dunoon Bas. :

L. Striven : Arran Bas. : U. L. Fyne : The Plateau Campbeltown L.

8-22 f. : Inchmarnock Bas. 37-104 f. (Hoy.).
Ophiocoma nigra (Abilg.) ( = 0. granulatus). — Gareloch: L. Goil: Dunoon

Bas. : L. Striven : Arran Bas. : U. L. Fyne shore and 10-35 f. : The

Plateau : Campbeltown L. 8-16 f. (M.).
0. minuta, (?) U. L. Fyne, Minard (M.).
0. neglecta (Robertson). — Dunoon Bas., S. end.
Oph.ioth.rix fragilis (Abilg.). — C. : Gareloch : L. Goil : Dunoon Bas. :

L. Striven : Arran Bas. : U. L. Fyne : The Plateau (M.).

ECHINOIDEA.

Echinus esculentus, L. — C. all Clyde areas.
E. miliaris (Gmel.) — C. all Clyde areas (M.).
Echinoeyamus pusillus (0. F. M.). — E. : Dunoon Bas., centre : Tan

5-20 f. (M.).

Spatangus purpureus (Leske). — C. all Clyde areas except Gareloch (M.).
Echinocardium cordatum, Penn. [ = Amphidotus cordatus, Forbes], — C. all

Clyde areas (M.).
Echinocardium flavescens (0. F. M.). — Comparatively r. L. Striven : Arran

Bas. : The Plateau : Campbeltown L. 8-25 f. (M.) : Dunoon Bas. 35 f.

(Hoy.).
Brissopsis lyrifera (Forb.). — C. in all Clyde areas except Gareloch (M.).

HOLOTHUROIDEA.

Synapta digitata (Mont.). — Comparatively r. ; Gareloch : Dunoon Bas.,

W. side shore in muddy sand (M.).
S. inhaerens (0. F. M.).—R. Gareloch : Arran Bas., bet. Cumbrae and

Arran 90 f. (M.).

S. buski, Mllnt. [=tenera, Norm.]. — E. Dunoon Bas., S. end (M.).
Cucumaria hyndmani (Thomps.). — Comparatively r. Dunoon Bas. :

L. Striven, centre W. and E. side 16-22 f. : U. L. Fyne, E. side 20 f .

(M.): Kilbrennan Sd. 75-80 f. (Hoy.).
C. pentactes, Mont. — Comparatively r. Gareloch : U. L. Fyne, E. side

30 f. (M.).
C. fucicola, F. and G. — Very r. L. Goil (M.).

366 ECHINODERMATA,

Thyone fusus (0. F. M.). — 0. Gareloch : L. Goil : Dunoon Bas. : L. Striven,

W. and E. side 10-20 f. : Arran Bas. : U. L. Fyne : The Plateau: Camp-

beltown L. 8-14 f. (M.). Kibrennan Sd. 75-80 f. (Hoy.).
T. raphanus, Diib. and Kor. — C. Dunoon Bas., centre 50 f. : L. Striven,

W. side 20 f. : Arran Bas. : Pladda 30-35 f . : U. L. Fyne : E. L. Tarbert,

S. side (M.).
Psolus phantapus (Strussenf). — C. Gareloch : L. Goil : L. Striven : Dunoon

Bas. : U. L. Fyne : The Plateau : Campbeltown L. 8-14 f. (M.). Inch-

marnock Bas. 40 f. (Hoy.).
Phyllophorus drummondi, Thomp. — E. L. Striven, W. side 20 f. :

L. Goil (M.).
Holothuria intestinalis (Asc. and Rath.}. — E. Kilbrennan Sd. 50 f. (Hoy.).

CRINOIDEA.

Antedon bifida, Penn. [=rosacea, Auctt.]. — Dunoon Bas.: Cumbrae to
Wemyss B. 30-40 f., centre E. side : S. end Tan Buoy 5-30 f. (M.), (Hoy.) :
Castle B., L. Cumbrae, abund.

COELENTERA

ACTINOZOA.
BY MALCOLM LAUKIE, B.A., D.Sc., St. Mungo's College, Glasgow.

ARRANGEMENT AND NOMENCLATURE : Gosse, British Sea Anemones.

CONTRACTIONS.
G. = Gosse, loc. cit.

H. = Herdman, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. v.
M. = MSS. records by S. Y. ' Medusa.'
E. = Dr. Eobertson, for the most part his MS. notes.

Zoantharia.

Actinoloba dianthus (Ellis). — C., especially on wooden piers.

Sagartia bellis (Ellis). — Not c. ; tide pools Cumbrae (E.) : Corrigills (G.) :

Lamlash (H.).

S. miniata (Gosse). — C. ; rock pools.
S. rosea (Gosse). — L. Striven (M.).
S. venusta (Gosse). — Eather r. ; holes at 1. w. (E.).
S. nivea, Gosse. — Eather r. ; nr. 1. w. Cumbrae ; Cloch (E.).
S. troglodytes, Johnst. — Mod. c.

var. prasinopicta. One, shell hole, Battery Pt., Cumbrae (E.).
S. viduata (Mull.). — E. ; on stones Cuinbrae (E.).
S. parasitica, Couch. — Not unc. deep water (E.).
S. cosenia — Tan buoy, 7 f. (M.) [? coccinea (Mutt.)].
Adamsia palliata (Bohad.). — C. Mostly with Eupagurus prideauxii.
Phellia picta (Gosse). — E. on shells 20 f. Cumbrae (E.).

Anthea cereus (Ellis and Sol.). — Freq. on Zostera Cumbrae (E.) : Lam-
lash (H.).

Actinia mesembryanthemum, Ellis and Sol. — C.
Bolocera tuediae (Johnst.). — U. L. Fyne 15-70 f. ; L. Striven ; L. Goil (M.):

r. W. of Cumbrae (E.).
B. eques (Gosse). — Dunoon Bas. 20 f. ; L. Striven (M.) : L. Fyne c. deep

water (E.).

Bunodes thallia (Gosse). — E. in a tide pool Cumbrae (E.).
B. coronata.

Tealia crassicornis (Mull.). — C. rocks and shingle.
Stomphia churchlae (Gosse). — Mod. c. ; 12-25 f. Cumbrae (E.) : U. L. Fyne;

L. Striven &c. (M.).
Peachia hastata (Gosse).— R. ; 1. w.-2 f. betw. Alands ; 8-10 f. Tan Buoy

(E.) : Dunoon Bas. (M.).

P. triphylla (Gosse). — E. muddy sand at extreme 1. w. Cumbrae (E.).
Edwardsia callimorpha (Gosse).— Mod. c. ; U. L. Fyne ; Dunoou Bas. (M.):

Castle B. 6-25 f. ; nr. Callum's Hole (E.).

368 COELENTERA.

E. carnea (Gosse). — Locally c., under stones ; E. of Kames B. ; Port
Loy(R).

Cerianthus lloydii (Gosse). — Rather r. at and below extreme 1. w. Garrison
B. and betw. Alands, Cumbrae (R) : Dunoon Bas. (M.).

Cerianthus, Sp. — L. Goil (R.).

Corynactis viridis, Allman. — Locally c. ; rock pools Cumbrae (R.) : Lam-
lash (H.).

Caryophyllia smithii, Stokes. — R. ; L. Striven 20 f. (M.) : 1. w. Cumbrae (R.).

Alcyonaria.

Alcyonium digitatum, L. — C.

Pennatula phosphorea, L.— Not unc. deep water.

Sarcodictyon catenata. Pladda ; Otterard 24-35 f. ; Sanda (M.) : Lam-
lash (H.).

Virgularia mirabilis, Lam. — U. L. Fyne 11-70 f. ; Dunoon Bas. ; L. Striven;
L. Goil ; L. Ranza (M.).

SCYPHOMEDUSAE.

Lucernaria cyathiformis, Sars. — Arran, Landsborongh.
L. Fascicularis, Fleming. — Ardrossan, Alder.
Aurelia aurita, Linn. — Common.
Cyanaea capillata (Easter}. — Lamlash Bay, Herdm.
Rhizostoma pulmo. Common.

Many Ctenophors occur but there are no records.

HYDRO ID A.

BY JAMES RANKIN, B.Sc., M.B., University, Glasgow.
CLASSIFICATION : Hincks' Classification followed.

REFERENCES.

(C.) = Chopin, Manchester Micro. Soc. Trans., 1894.

(H.) = Herdman, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. v.

(Hoy.) = Hoyle, Jour. Linn. Soc. (Zool.\ vol. xx., 1890.

(M.) = MSS. records of Sir John Murray's S. Y. ' Medusa.'

(R.) = Dr. Robertson, Collection in Robertson Museum, Millport.

(R. M.) = Specimens in Robertson Museum having no name attached.

Fam. Clavidae.

Clava multicornis, Forskal. — Lamlash B., litt. on Fucus, etc. (H.).
C. cornea, T. S. Wright. — Dunoon Basin, W. side, shore (M.) : L. Cum-
brae (R.).

Fam. Hydractiniidae.
Hydractinia echinata, Flem. — Abund. and gen. dist.

Fam. Corynidae.

Coryne pusilla, Gaertner. — Lamlash B., litt. (H.).

C. vaginata, Hincks. — King's Cross, in rock pools (H.).

C. fruticosa, Hincks. — Cumbrae, nr. 1. w. (R.).

C. Van Benedeni, Hincks. — L. Cumbrae, 1. w. (R.).

Syncoryne eximia, Allm. — Cumbrae (C.).

S. Sarsi, Love/i. — King's Cross, litt. (H.).

S. pulchella, Allm. — Skelmorlie and Rothesay (Allm. Gym. Hyd.}.

Zanclea implexa, Alder. — Oif Skelmorlie, 10-15 f. (Maclaren).

Fam. Eudendriidae.

Eudendrmm rameum, Pallas. — Sanda to Achahoan, 22 f. (M.) : Kilbrennan
Sd. (M.) : U. L. Fyne (M.) : Millport B., 6 f. (M.) : off Largs, 20 f.
(M.) : Lamlash B., 14-25 f. (H.).

E. ramosum. L.— Lamlash B., 5-25 f. (H.).

Fam. Atractylidae.

Perigonimus repens, Wright. — Kilbrennan Basin, 50 f. (Hoy.).

Dicoryne conferta, Alder.— Sanda to Achahoan, 19 f. (M.) : Dunoon Basin,

40 f. (Hoy.).
Bougainvillia ramosa, Van. Ben. — Lamlash B., 10-21 f. (H.).

Fam. Tubulariidae.

Tubularia indivisa, L. — Not unc., gen. dist.

T. larynx, Ell. and. Sol.—L. Goil, Stuckbeg to head of loch, 40-24 f. (M.) :

Dunoon Basin, 30-40 f. (M.) : Gareloch, from 21 f. to head of loch,

8 f. (M.) : Cumbrae (R.).

2A

370 HYDROIDA.

T. coronata, Abildq. — Arran Basin, Saddell, 10-15 f. (M.) : Dunoon Basin,
5-42 f. (M.) : Gareloch, from 21 f. to head of loch, 8 f. (M.) : Cumbrae
(B.) : Lamlash B., 10-20 f. (H.).

T. simplex, Alder.— Lamlash B., 2-16 f. (H.).

T. humilis, Allm. — Keppel Pier, Cumbrae (R.).

Fam. Campanulariidae.

Clytia Johnston!, Alder. — Off Keppel Pier, Cumbrae (R. M.) : Lamlash B.,

upper lam. (H.)
Obelia geniculata, L. — L. Striven, 1. w. (M.) : Lamlash B., upper lam. (H.) :

Cumbrae (R.) : L. Goil, 1. w. (R. M.).
0. gelatinosa, Pallas. — Cumbrae (C.).
0. dichotoma, L. — Lamlash B., litt. (H.).
0. flabellata, Hincks. — Lamlash B., litt. (H.) : Cumbrae (C.).
Campanularia volubilis, L. — L. Goil, Stuckbeg to head of loch, 40-24 f.

(M.) : Kilbrennan Basin, 50-60 f. (Hoy.).
C. Hincksi, Alder. — Cumbrae (C.).
C. Integra, Macgillivray. — Cumbrae (C.).
C. verticillata, L. — C.

C. flexuosa, Hincks. — Lamlash B. (H.) : Cumbrae (R.).
C. angulata, Hincks.— L. Striven, 15-20 f. (M.): L. Goil, 40-24 f. (M.): Dunoon

Basin 20 f. (M.) : Kilbrennan Basin, 50-64 f. (Hoy.) : Cumbrae (C.).
C. (?) gigantea, Hincks. — Lamlash B. (Wyville Thomson, Br. Hyd., vol. i.).
Gonothyraea Love"ni, Allm. — Gareloch, Barrier 5 f., outside to 14 f., inside

to 21 f. (M.).
G. (?) hyalina, Hincks. — Dunoon Basin, 15 f. (M.) : Cumbrae (R. M.)

Fam. Lafoeidae.
Lafoea dumosa, Flem. — C.
L. fmticosa, Sars. — Abund., gen. dist.
L. pocillum, Hincks. — Gareloch, on Sertularia abietina, 20 f. (M.) : off

Keppel Pier (R.).
Calycella pygmaea, Alder ( = Lafoea pygmaea, Alder). — Gareloch, from

21 f. to head of loch, 8 f. (M.) : off Keppel Pier (R.).
C. syringa, L. — Cumbrae (C.).

C. fastigiata, Alder. — Cumbrae (C.) : Kilbrennan Basin 49 f. (Hoy.).
Filellum serpens, Hassall. — Lamlash B. (H.).

Fam. Haleciidae.

Halecium halecinum, L. — Abund., gen. dist.

H. muricatum, Ell. and Sol. — Sanda to Achahoan 19-22 f. (M.) : U. L. Fyne,

Minard, 15-20 f. (M.) : Kilbrennan Basin 49 f. (Hoy.).
H. Beani, Johns. — Sanda to Achahoan 22 f. (M.) : Dunoon Basin 5-10 f. (M.):

Lamlash B. (H.) : Kilbrennan Basin 80 f. (Hoy) : Cumbrae (C.) :
H. labrosum, Alder. — Cumbrae (C.).
H. tenellum, Hincks.— Off Keppel Pier 22 f. (R.).
H. plumosum, Hincks. — Cumbrae (C.).

Fam. Sertulariidae.

Sertularella polyzonias, L. — Dunoon Basin 10-15 f. (M.) : Lamlash B.

3-25 f. (H.) : Cumbrae (R.).
S. Gayi, Lamouroux. — Off Davaar 20 f. (M.) : Arran Basin 18-47 f. (M.) :

Dunoon Basin 16-20 f. (M.) : L. Bay, Lorn (R.) : Cumbrae (R.).
S. tricuspidata, Alder. — Cumbrae (R.).
S. rugosa, L. — U. L. Fyne, Minard, 12-20 f. (M.) : Kilbrennan Basin, 64 f.

(Hoy.) : Lamlash B. (H.).
S. fusiformis, Hincks.— Off Placlda 30-35 f. (M.) : Inchmarnock Basin 104 f.

(Hoy.) : U. L. Fyne 15 f. (M.).

HYDROIDA. 371

Diphasia rosacea, L.— Off Sanda 20 f. (R. M.) : Lamlash B. 14-21 f. (H.) :

Cumbrae (R.) : Dunoon Basin 8-20 f. (M.).
D. attenuata, Hinclcs. — -Dunoon Basin 8-42 f. (M.) : Kilbrennan Basin

30-64 f. (Hoy.)-
D. fallax, Johns. — Arran Basin, Saddell, 47 f. (M.) : Kilbrennan Basin 64 f.

(Hoy) : L. Fyne (A. M. N. Br. Hyd., vol L).
D. pinaster, Ell. and Sol. — Kilbrennan Basin 64 f. (Hoy.) : Lamlash B. 3-7 f.

(H.) : off Keppel Pier 23 f. (R. M.).
D. tamarisca, L. — Kilbrennan Basin 64 f. (Hoy.) : Dunoon Basin 45 f. (M.) :

Lamlash B. 10-21 f. (H.).
Sertularia pumila, L. — Abund.
S. gracilis, Hassall. — Cumbrae (C.).
S. operculata, L. — Cumbrae (R.).
S. filicula, Ell. and Sol.—L. Goil 9-20 f. (M.) : Gareloch 5-21 f. (M.) : U. L.

Fyne, Minard, 11-25 f. (M.) : off Keppel Pier (R.) : Lamlash B.

10-25 f. (H.).

S. abietina, L.— C., from Sanda 19 f. to U. L. Fyne, Minard, 12-20 f.
S. argentea, Ell. and Sol. — C., gen. dist.

S. cupressina, L.— L. Goil 9-20 f. (M.) : Gareloch 5-21 f. (M.) : Cumbrae (R.).
Hydrallmania falcata, L. — C.
Thuiaria articulata, Pallas.— Sanda to Achahoan 19-22 f. (M.) : Kilbrennan

Sd. 17-20f. (R.M.).

Fam. Plumulariidae.

Antennularia antennina, L. — C.

A. ramosa, Lamarck. — C.

Aglaophenia pluma, L. — Dunoon Basin 8-42 f. (M.) : Cumbrae (R. M.).

A. tubulifera, Hincks. — Kilbrennan Basin 30-64 f. (Hoy.) : Dunoon Basin

16-20 f. (M.) : Cumbrae (R.).
A. myriophyllum, L. — Kilbrennan Sd. (M.): Dunoon Basin, Warden Bank,

8 f. (M.): L. Fyne (A. M. N. Br. Hyd., vol. i.): off Keppel Pier 23 f. (R. M.).
A. pennatula (Ell. and Sol.). — Kilbrennan Sd. (M.) : off' Sanda (R. M.).
Plumularia pinnata, L.—C.
P. setacea, Ellis.— Gareloch 5-21 f. (M.) : off Keppel Pier 22 f. (R.) :

Lamlash B. 10-13 f. (H.).
P. Catherina, Johns. — Mod. c.
P. similis, Hincks. — Dunoon Basin (M.).

Fam. Hydridae.

Hydra viridis, L. — Possil Marsh : Cumbrae.
H. vulgaris, ^Pallas. — Pond nr. Kennishead.

HYDROHED USAE.

Anthomedusae.

Bougainvillia Britannica, Forbes.— Kyles of Bute (Forbes).

Euphysa aurata, Forbes. — Lamlash Bay (H.).

Oceania octona, Forbes. — Lamlash Bay (H.).

Lizzia Claparedii, Haeckel ( = Lizzia blondina, Forbes). — Arran, Claparede.

Sarsia pulchella, Forbes. — Skelmorlie, Rothesay ; (Allman).

\Leptomedusae.

Stomobrachium octocostatum (Sars). — Bute (Forbes) : Arran (Lands-
borough).

Thaumantias quadrata, Forbes.— L. Fyne (Forbes).

T. aeronautica, Gorges.— Lamlash Bay (H.).

T. octona, Forbes.— Tarbert, L. Fyne "(Forbes) : Arran (Haeckel).

T. Thompsoni, Forbes.— Lamlash Bay (H.)

PORIFERA.
BY JAMES RANKIN, B.Sc., M.B., University, Glasgow.

CLASSIFICATION : Hanitsch's " Eevision of the Generic Nomenclature and
Classification in Bowerbank's British Spongiadae" (Liverpool Mar. Biol. C.
Rep., vol. iv.).

The reference letters have the following significance :
(C.)= Chopin, Manchester Micro. Soc. Trans., 1894.
(R.) = Dr. Robertson.
(H.)=Herdman ; P. R. Ph. S. K, vol. v.

(M.) = MS. Records of Sponges collected by Sir John Murray's S. Y.
' Medusa.'

Class I. Calcarea.

Leucosolenia botryoides, Ell. and Sol. ( = Grantia botryoides, Flem.}.— Cum-

brae : Lamlash, litt. c. (M.).
L. coriacea, Flem. ( = Ascetta coriacea, /Yem.).--Arran Basin (M.) : Cum-

brae (C.) : Lamlash B. (H.).

Sycon compression, Auctt. ( = Grantia compressa, Auctt.}. — C.
S. coronatum, Ell. and Sol. ( = Grantia ciliata, Flem.}. — C.
Leucandra nivea, Grant ( = Leuconia nivea, Grant}. — L. Goil shore (M.) :

Cumbrae (C.).

Class II. Silicea.

Halisarca Dujardini, Johns. — U. L. Fyne, 55 f. on Inachus Dorsettensis (M.).
Stelletta Collingsi, Bwk. ( = Tethya Collingsi, Bwk.}— Off Sanda 12 f. (M.).
Pachymatisma Johnston!, Bwk. — Cumbrae (C.).
Pachychalina gracilenta. Buck. — Under stones, Cumbrae (R.) : Mon. Br.

Spong., vol. iv.

P. limbata, Mont. ( = Chalina limbata, Bwk.}. — L. Striven, 1. w. (M.).
Halichondria albescens, Johns. — U. L. Fyne, E. and W. sides, and

shore (M.).
H. fallaciosa, Bwk. ( = Hymeniacidon fallaciosus, Bwk.}. — Clyde district.

Mon. Br. Spong., vol. iv.
H. panicea, Pallas. — C.

var. papillaris.— Upper L. Fyne, E. and W. sides and shore (M.).
H. reticulata, Bwk. ( = Hymeniacidon reticulatus, Bwk.}. — Clyde district

(Mon. Br. Spong., vol. iv.).
Reniera crassa, Bwk. ( = Isodictya crassa, Bivk.}. — Clyde district (Mon. Br.

Spong., vol. iv.).

Esperiopsis sp.?- Off Skate I. 80-100 f. (M.).
Dendoryx incrustans, Esper. ( = Halichondria incrustans, Esper.}. — Clyde

district (Mon. Br. Spong., vol. iv.).
D. Patterson!, Bwk. ( = Halichondria Patterson!, Bwk.}. — Clyde district (Mon.

Br. Spong., vol. iv.).

PORIFERA. 373

Acarnus stelliferus, Bwlc. ( = Hymeraphia stellifera, Bwk.}. — Clyde district
(Mon. Br. Spong., vol. iv.).

Clathria clavigera, Bwk. ( = Hymeniacidon clavigera, Bwk.}. — Clyde district
(Mon. Br. Spong. , vol. iv.).

Ophlitaspongia seriata, Grant ( = Clathria seriata, Johns.} — Cumbrae (C.).

Phakellia ventilabnim, Johns. — Clyde district (Mon. Br. Spong., vol. iv.).

Tragosia infimdibuliformis, Johns. ( = Isodictya infundibuliformis, Bwk.).—
Off Skate L, 80-100 f. (M.).

Suberites domuncula, Olivi. ( = Suberites suberea, Gray). — C.

S. farinarius, Bwk. — ( = Halichondria farinaria, Bwk.}. — Clyde district (Mon.
Br. Spong. vol. iv.).

S. ficus, Johns. ( = Hymeniacidon ficus, Johns.)— Mod. abund.

Polymastia sp.?— Off Skate I. 80-100 f. (M.).

Cliona celata, Grant ( = Hymeniacidon celata, Bwk.). — Curabrae (C.). Lam-
lash B. (H.).

Spongelia fragilis, Mont., var. irregularis ( = Dysidea fragilis, Johns.). —
Lamlash B. (H.).

PROTOZOA.

INFUSORIA.

BY J. R. THOMSON, 6 Vinicombe Street, Hillhead. Glasgow.

ARRANGEMENT FOLLOWED : W. Saville Kent, F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.RM.S.,

Manual of the Infusoria, 1882.

FLAGELLATA.

Actinophrys sol, Ehr. — C.

Dendromonas virgaria ( Weisse). — Fossil Marsh ; canal at Crookston.
Anthophysa socialis (From.). — Provan Mill.
Cephalothamnium cuneatum, S. K. — Provan Mill.
C. caespitosum, S. K. — Dougalston.
Petalomonas mediocanellata, S. K. — E. Kilbride.
P. abscissa, Duj. — E. Kilbride.
Menoidium pellucidum, Pty. — E. Kilbride.
Astasia trichophora, Ehr. — E. Kilbride.
Euglena acus, Ehr. — E. Kilbride ; Crookston.
E. spirogyra, Ehr. — Frankfield L.
E. viridis, Ehr. — Gen. dist.
Amblyophis viridis, Ehr. — Crookston.
Phacus pleuronectes, Ehr. — E. Kilbride.
Trachelomonas rugulosa, S. K. — St. Germains L.
Ascoglena vaginicola, St. — C. and gen. dist.
Eutreptia viridis, Pty. — St. Germains L.
Heteronema acus, Ehr. — Crookston.
Diplomastix caudata, Duj. — St. Germains L.
Anisonema truncatum, St. — Crookston and Dougalston.
A. grande, Ehr. — Provan Mill.

Mallomonas plosslii, Pty. — Fossil Marsh ; Provan Mill.
Mitophora dubia, Pty. — E. Kilbride.

ClLIATA.

Holotricha.

Paramaecium aurelia, Miill. — C. and gen. dist.

P. bursaria, Ehr. — Dougalston L.

P. putrinum, C. L. — Craigallian L.

Loxocephalus luridus, Ehr. — Bishop L., Crookston.

Conchophthirus anodontae, Ehr. — E. Kilbride.

Enchelyodon farctus, C. and L. — Crookston and Dougalston.

Coleps hirtus, Ehr. — St. Germains, and Provan Mill.

Enchelys arcuata, C. and L. — Crookston.

E. farcimen, Ehr. — Crookston.

Trachelocerca olor, Ehr. — Dougalston ; Bardowie L.

Amphileptus anser, Ehr. — St. Germains ; Dougalston, L.

INFUSORIA. 375

Cyclotricha critreum, C. and L. — Frankfield, L.
Pleuronema chrysalis, Ehr. — Pro van Mill.

Heterotricha.

Stentor polymorphus, Milll. — C. and gen. dist.

S. igneus, Ehr. — Crookston.

S. roeselli, Ehr. — E. Kilbride and Provan Mill.

Peritricha.

Halteria grandinella, Milll. — Possil Marsh and Provan Mill.

Rhabdostyla longipes, S. K. — Dougalston L.

Vorticella nehulifera, Ehr. — Crookston and Dougalston L.

V. alba (From.). — Gen. dist.

V. campanula, Ehr. — Gen. dist.

V. citrina, Ehr. — Dougalston L.

V. cratera, S. K. — Dougalston L.

V. microstoma, Ehr. — Dougalston L.

V. putrinum. Gen. dist.

V. quadrangiilaris, S. K. — Possil Marsh ; Provan Mill.

V. spectabilis, S. K. — Dougalston L.

V. monilata, Tatem. — Dougalston L. ; Canal.

Carchesium polypinum, L. — Crookston ; Possil Marsh.

C. epistylidis, C. and L. — E. Kilbride ; Crookston.

Zoothamnium arbuscula, Ehr. — Possil Marsh ; Crookston

Z. parasita, St. — Dougalston L.

Z. simplex, S. ^.—Crookston ; Provan Mill.

Z. affine, St. — Crookston ; Provan Mill.

Epistylis galea, Ehr. — Crookston ; Possil Marsh.

E. anastatica, L. — Dougalston ; St. Germain's.

E. plicatilis, Ehr. — Dougalston.

E. flavicans, Ehr. — Crookston.

E. digitalis, Ehr. — Crookston.

Opercularia nutans, Ehr.— Provan Mill.

0. berberina, L. — Crookston.

0. articulata, Ehr. — Possil Marsh.

0. microstoma, St. — Crookston.

Vaginicola crystallina, Ehr.—G.

Cothurnia imberbis, Ehr. — Craig Darn, Milngavie.

Ophrydium sessile, S. K. — Crookston.

0. versatile, Milll. — Crookston.

0. eichornii, Ehr. — Crookston.

Hypotricha.

Urostyla grandis, Ehr. — Crookston.

Onychodromus grandis, Ehr.— Possil Marsh ; Crookston.

Gastrostyla steinii, Eng. — Provan Mill.

Opisthotricha parallela, Eng. — Provan Mill.

Oxytricha platystoma, Ehr. — Crookston ; Provan Mill.

Histrio steinii, Milll.

Stylpnychia mytilus, Ehr. — Provan Mill.

Aspidisca costata, Duj. — Crookston ; Frankfield L.

TENTACULIFERA.

Rhyncheta cyclopum, Zenk. — Provan Mill.
Podophrya mollis, S. K. — Provan Mill.
P. quadripartita, C. and L. — Provan Mill.
P. cyclopum, C. and L. — Provan Mill.
Acineta stelata, S. K. — Provan Mill.

FORAMINIFERA.
BY MRS. ROBERTSON, Fernbank, Millport, Cumbrae.

CLASSIFICATION.

H. B. Brady, F.K.S., F.G.S., "A Synopsis of the British Eecent Foram-
inifera" (Roy. Micros. Soc. Trans., 1897).

H. B. Brady, Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Chal-
lenger" vol. ix., 1884.

ABBREVIATIONS.

H. =Herdman, Prof., W. A. : "Invertebrate fauna of Lamlash Bay" (Roy.

Phys. Soc. Edinb., vol. v. and vi., 1880).

P. = Fred. G. Pearcy, Naturalist on Fishery Board Steamer ' Garland.'
K. = The late Dr. David Robertson, Millport.
S. = Thomas Scott, F.L.S., Fishery Board for Scotland.

Fam. Miliolidae.

Sub. -f 'am. Nubecularinae.
Nubecularia lucifllga, Defrance. — Kilchattan B., 25 f., (R.).

Sub.-faffi; Miliolinae.

Biloculina irregularis, d'Orb. — Mod. r. Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. ; off

S. end of Bute, 40 f. ; L. Goil, 44 f. ; off Wemyss B. (R.).
B. ringens, Lamarck. — Gen. dist.
B. depressa, d'Orb. — C. everywhere.
B. elongata, d'Orb. — Gen. dist.

B. simplex, d'Orb. — Bet. Portincross and Ardrossan, 30 f. (R.).
B. bicarinata, d'Orb.— Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.).
Spiroloculina planulata, Lamk — L. Fyne, 25 f. ; off Seamill, 30 f. ; off

Inverkip, 15 f. ; Rothesay B., 10-12 f. ; off L. Cumbrae, 3-5 f.; off

Girvan (R.).

S. limbata, d'Orb.— Widely dist.
S. canaliculata, d'Orb. — C., widely dist.
S. excavata, d'Orb. — Cumbrae : — Claugh, 6 f. ; off Figgetoch, 22 f. ; Port

Loy, 10-12 f., and Tan : off Portincross, 15 f. ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. ;

Lamlash B., 12-15 f. ; Rothesay B. (R.).
S. tenuis, Czjz. — Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f., r. (R.).
Miliplina trigonula, Lamk.— Gen. dist.
M. circularis, Borneman. — Off Corswall Pt., 60 f. (R.) ; off Ailsa Craig, 28 f.;

bet. Mull of Kintyre and Corsewall L. H., 60 f. ; off Dunnighu Pt.,

23-30 f. ; off Pigeon I., L. Fyne, 18 f. (P.).

FORAMINIFERA. 377

M. tricarinata, d'Orb. — C. everywhere.

M. oblonga, Mont. — Gen. dist.

M. seminulum. Linn. — C. everywhere.

M. venusta, K. Kar. — Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f., mod. r. ; off Callum's B.,

Bute ; bet. Portiticross and Ardrossan, 30 f. ; off Skate I., L. Fyne,

105 f. ; off Wemyss B. (R.) ; off Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R.).
M. auberiana, d'Orb.— Tarbert Bank, 20-25 f. (S.) ; L. Fyne (R.).
M. contorta, d'Orb.— Tarbert, 20-25 f. (S.) ; Claugh, Cumbrae, 6 f. ; Lam-
lash B., 12-15 f. ; White B., Cumbrae, 20 f. ; Port Loy, 10-12 f. ; off

Horse L, Ardrossan, 20 f. ; L. Fyne (R.).
M. labiosa, d'Orb. — L. Fyne ; off Ailsa Craig, 25 f. ; off Corsewall Pt.,

60 f. (R.).

M. subrotunda, Mont. — C. everywhere.
M. candeiana, d'Orb. — Lamlash B., 12-15 f. (R.).
M. secans, d'Orb. — Widely dist.
M. tenuis, Czj.— Tarbert Bank, r. (S.) ; L. Gair, 18 f., mod. r. (R.N, ; Gare-

loch (R.).
M. fenissacii, d'Orb.— E. L. Tarbert (B. & S.) ; Lamlash B. (H.) ; off In-

veraray (S.) ; Tan, Cumbrae ; St. Ninian'sB., Bute ; 4 miles off Girvan ;

off L. Cumbrae, 3-5 f. (R.).
M. bicornis, W. and J. — Gen. dist., mod. r.

M. boueana, d'Orb.— Tan, Cumbrae, 4-8 f. (R.) , off Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R.).
M. pulchella, d'Orb.— Lamlash B., 12-15 f. ; Tan ; Rothesay B. (R.).
M. fusca, Brady. — Tarbert Bank, L. Fyne, r. (S.) ; shore sands, Saltcoats to

Troon (Smith) ; Clyde, off Langbank and Port-Glasgow, mod. r. (R.) ;

L. Cumbrae, brackish (R.) ; brackish pool L. Fyne at Inveraray (R.).
M. agglutinans, d'Orb. — Gen. dist.
M. circularis, Born. — Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f., r. (R.).

Sub-fam. Jla/uerininae.

Articulina conico-articulata, Batsch. — Bet. Largs and Cumbrae, 20 f. (R.) ;

off S. end of Bute, 40 f. (R.) ; one mile off Ailsa Craig, 25 (R.) ; L. Gair,

18 f. (R.) — all the specimens dead and not quite perfect.
Ophthalmidium inconstans, Brady. — Kilbrennan S., 75-80 f. (R.) ; off

Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R.) ; bet. Mull of Kintvre and Corsewall L.H.

60 f. (P.).

Planispirina contraria, d'Orb. — Wemyss B., 7-8 f., mod. r. (R.).
P. celata, Costa.— Off Dunnighu Pt., 23-30 f. (P.) ; off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.).

Sub-fam. Penerophdinae.

Cornuspira foliacea, Phil.— E. L. Tarbert (B. & S.) ; shore sands, Saltcoats
to Troon (Smith) ; Lamlash B. (H.) ; bet. Portincross and Ardrossan,
30 f. (R.) ; Inverkip B., 15 f. (R.) ; off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.).

C. involvens, Reuss. — Gen. dist.

Fam. Astrorhizidae.

Sub-fam. Astrorhizinae.

Astrorhiza limicola, Sand.— Tarbert Bank, L. Fyne, 20-25 f. (S.) ; Whit-
ing B., 25 f. (H.) ; W. side of Bute, 60 f. (R.) ; Cumbrae, 12 f. (R.) ; not
unc. in Clyde area from 12 f. upwards on muddy bottom.

Pelosina variabilis, Brady. — C., gen dist., lower reaches of Clyde basin.

Dendroplirya radiata, Str. Wright.— Port Loy, Cumbrae (R.) ; Ardla-
mont Pt. (P.) ; bet. Mull of Kintvre and Corsewall L. H., 60 f. (P.).

D. erecta, Str. Wright.— Port Loy, Cumbrae (R.) : Ardlamont Pt. (P.).

378 FORAMINIFERA.

Storthospheara depressa, Pearcey. — Off Dunnighu Pt., 25-27 f. (P.) ; off
Heads of Ayr, 26-32 f. (P.) ; 4 miles N.W. of Ailsa Craig, 29-33 f. (P.) ;
6£ miles W. of Ailsa Craig, 26-35 f. (P.) ; off Shiprock Lt., Sanda L,
25-28 f. (P.) ; bet. Sanda and Bennan H., 30-38 f. (P.) ; off Dundraf t Gas.,
Ayrshire coast, mid channel 40 f. (P.) ; off Ballantrae, 25-28 f. (P.).

Sub-fam. Pilulininae.

Technitella legumen, Norman. — L. Fyne, 106 f. (R.) ; off Cumbrae, mod. r.,
60-65 f. (R.) ; S. end of Bute, 40 f., r. (R.) ; off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.).

Bathysiphon minuta, Pearcey. — Off Dundraft Cas., Ayrshire coast, mid-
channel, 40 f. (P.) ; off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.).

Sub-fam. Saccammininae.

Psammosphaera fusca, Schulze. — Tan, Cumbrae, 60 f. (R.) ; bet. Bute and
Cumbrae, 50 f. (R.) ; off Ailsa Craig, 28 f., v. r. (P.).

Sub-fam. Rhabdammininae.

•'

Jaculella acuta, Brady. — Tan, Cumbrae, 50-60 f., mod. r. (R.).
Hyperammina elongata Brady. — L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.) ; Cumbrae 60 f. r. (R.) ;

off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.). '
H. arborescens, Norman. — Abund. and gen. dist., 20-60 f. ; freq. on annelid

tubes.

Fam. Lituolidae.

Sub-fam. Lituolinae.

Reophax difflugiformis, Brady. — Tarbert Bank, L. Fyne (S.) ; White B.,
Cumbrae (R.) ; L. Gair, 18 f. (R.) ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.) ; off
Ferry Ho., Cumbrae, 6 f. (R.) ; bet. Mull of Kintyreand Corsewall L.H.,
60 f. (P.) ; off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.) ; off Pigeon I., L. Fyne, 18 f. (P.).

R. fusiformis, Will. — C., widely dist.

R. scorpiurus, Mont. — C., widely dist.

R. nodulosa, Brady [R, SCOttii, Chartres\ — S. end of Bute, 40 f. (R.) ; E. L.
Tarbert (S.) ; off Greenock and elsewhere ; Campbeltown L. ; L. Gair
18 f. (R.) ; bet. Mull of Kintyre and Corsewall L.H., 60 f., v. r. (P.).

R. findens, Parker. — Tarbert Bank (S.).

R. dentaliformis, Brady.— Off Dunnighu Pt., Kintyre Coast, 23-30 f. (P.).

Haplophragmium pseudospirale, Will. — C., gen. dist.

H. agglutinans, d?Orb.—S. end of Bute, 40 f. (R.).

H. canariense, cPOrb. — Widely dist.

H. globigeriniforme, P. and J. — L. Fyne, 105 f., mod. r. (R.).

H. glomeratum, Brady.— L. Fyne, 105 f., r. (R.) ; off Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R.).

H. manum, Brady. — Off Dunnighu Pt., Kintyre Coast, 23-30 f.

Placopsilina cenomana, cFOrb. — Port Loy, Cumbrae, r. (R.).

P. vesicularis, Brady. — Cumbrae, 60 f. (R.).

Su b-fam. Trochammininae.

Thiirammina papillata, Brady.— S. end of Bute, 40 f. (R.).

Hippocrepina oblonga, Pearcey.— Off Ailsa Craig, 23-28 f. (P.) ; off Corse-
well Pt., 30-38 f. (P.).

Ammodiscus incertus, d Orb. — R., gen. dist.

A. gordialis, J. and P.— Tarbert Bank, L. Fyne, 20-30 f. (S.) ; Kilbrennan
Sd., 75-80 f. (R.) ; Kilchattan B., 20-25 f. (R.) ; off S. end of Bute,
40 f. (R.).

A. charoides, J. and P.— Tarbert Bank, L. Fyne, 20-30 f. (S.) ; L. Fyne,
105 f. (R.) ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f., r. (R.) ; Campbeltown L., r. (R.) ;
off Pigeon L, L. Fyne, 18 f., r. (P.).

A. shoneanus, Sidd. — Port Loy, Cumbrae (R.) ; L. Fyne (R.).

FORAMINIFERA. 379

Trochammina squamata, P. and J. — Tarbert Bank, L. Fvne, 20-30 f. (S.) ;

Claugh, Cumbrae, 6 f. (R) ; off Seamill, 30 f. (R.) ; Campbeltown L. (R.) ;

off Lion Rock, Cumbrae (R.).

T. ochracea, Will— Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f., r. (R.).
T. plicata, Terq.—Off E. L. Tarbert, r. (S.).
T. inflata, Mont.— Off Skate L, 105 f., v. r. (P.) ; off Inveraray, r. (R.) ; horse

sands Saltcoats to Troon (Smith) ; off Dunnighu Pt., Kintyre coast,

23-30 f. (P.).
var. macrescens, Brady. — Brackish pool L. Fyiie ; off Inverarav, 15-20 f.

(R.).

T. trullissata, Brady.— Off Skate I., L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.),
T. Bradyi, Robertson. [ = T. Eobertsoni, Brady].— Tarbert Bank, L. Fyne,

(S.) ; L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.) ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.).

Fam. Textularidae.

Sub- fain. Textularinae.

Textularia sagittula, defr. — Gen. dist., mod. c.

T. trochus, d'Orb. — Tarbert Bank, L. Fyne, not c. (Scott) ; off Dunnighu,

Kintyre, 23-30 f. (P.) ; bet. Mull of Kintyre and Corsewall L.H., 60 f. (P.) ;

off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.) ; off Pigeon L, L. Fyne, 18 f. (P.).
T. agglutinans, d'Orb.— Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R).
T. gramen, d'Orb.— Tarbert Bank, mod. c. (S.) ; Campbeltown L. (R.) ; off

Ailsa Craig, 25 f. (R.).
T. variabilis, WHL—L. Striven, 26 f. (R.).
Gaudryina filiformis, Berth.— Cumbrae, 60 f. (R.) ; S. end of Bute, 40 f . (R.) ;

White B., Cumbrae, 20 f. (R).
Verneuilina polystropha, Reuss.—G., gen. dist.
Valvulina fusca, Will. — Off Inveraray (R.).
V. conica, P. and J.—L. Fyne, 15-20 f. (R.).

Sub-fain. Bulimininae.

Bulimina pupoides, d'Orb.— Gen. dist.

B. ovata, d'Orb.— Kilchattan B., 20-25 f. (R.) ; L. Goil, 30 f. (R.) ; S. end of

Bute, 40 f. (R.) ; L. Fyne, 105 f. (R) ; L. Gair, 18 f. (R.) ; Kilbrennan

Sd., 75-80 f. (R).

B. fusiformis, Will.— Gareloch, 7-16 f. (R.).

B. pyrula, d'Orb.— Off Skate L, L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.) ; Gareloch, 7-16 f. (R.) ;
B. marginata, d'Orb. — C., widely dist.
B. aculeata, d'Orb.— Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.) ; S. end of Bute, 40 f. (R.) ;

L. Fyne, 105 f. (R) ; Lamlash B., 12-15 f. (R); Campbeltown Loch (R).
B. elegantissima, d'Orb.— Off Minard, L. Fyne, 28 f. (P.) ; off S. end of Bute,

4i) f. (R.).

B. inflata, Seg.— Off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.).
Virgulina schreibersiana, Czj. — Gen. dist.
Bolivina punctata, d'Orb. — S. end of Bute, 40 f. (R.) ; Kilbrennan Sd.,

75-80 f. (R.) ; off Inveraray (R.) ; off Inverkip (R.) ; off Girvan (R.) ;

Port Loy, Cumbrae, 10-12 f. (R) ; L. Gair (R.) ; Campbeltown L. 18 f.

(R.) ; off Wemyss B. (R.) ; off Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R).
B. plicata, d'Orb.— Sparingly in manv localities.
B. costata, cPOrb.—L. Fyiie, 105 f. (R.) ; off Ardrossan, 30 f. (R.) ; off Lion

Rock, Cumbrae (R.) ; off Claugh, Cumbrae (R.) ; L. Gair, 18 f. (R.).
B. difformis, Will.— Off S. end of Bute, 40 f. (R).
B. dilatata, Reuss.— Tarbert Bank, L. Fyne (S.) ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f.

(R.) ; L. Goil, 30 f. (R) ; Inverkip B. (R) ; bet. Mull of Kintyre and

Corsewall L.H., 60 f. (P.).
B. laevigata, Will.— Off Minard, K Fyne, 28 f. (P.).

380 FORAMINIFERA.

B. aenariensis, Da Costa. — S. end of Bute, 40 f. (R.).

B. reticulata, Hantk.—OS Pigeon L, L. Fyne, 18 f. (P.).

Sub-fam. Cassidulininae.

Cassidulina laevigata, d'Orb. — L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.) ; shore bet. Saltcoats
and Troon (Smith) ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.) ; S. end of Bute, 40 f.
(R.) ; off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.).

C. crassa, cFOrb.—E. L. Tarbert (S.) ; off Skate L, L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.) ;

Kilbrennan Sd. 75-80 f. (R) ; S. end of Bute, 40 f. (R.) ; L. Gair, 18 f. (R.).

Fam. Lagenidae.

Sub-fam. Lagemnae.

Lagena globosa, Mont. — Widely dist.

L. laevis, Mont. — Gen. dist.

L. clavata, d'Orb. — Widely dist.

L. gracillima, Seg. — Mod. c., widely dist.

L. hispida, Reuss. — Widely dist.

L. lineata, Will.— OS Minard, L. Fyne (P.) ; L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.) ; Fintry B.,

22 f., c. (R.) ; Claugh, Cumbrae (R.) ; Rothesay B. (R.) ; Kilbrennan Sd.,

75-80 f. (R.) ; off Figgetoch, Cumbrae (R.).
L. distoma, P. & J. — L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.) ; shore sands Saltcoats to Troon

(Smith) ; Kilchattan B. (R.) ; off S. end of Bute, 40 f. (R.) ; Kilbrennan

Sd., 75-80 f. (R.) ; L. Gair, 18 f. (R.).

L. distoma-polita, P. and J. — Bet. Portincross and Ardrossan 30 f., r. (R.).
L. curvilineata, B. and W. — L. Fyne (R.) ; off Figgetoch, Cumbrae (R.).
L. lyellii, Seg. — Off Ardrossan (Smith) ; shore sands Saltcoats to Troon

(Smith) ; L. Fyne (R.) ; E. L. Tarbert (B. & S.) ; Kilchattan B. (R.) ;

Rothesay B. (R.) ; L. Gair, 18 f. (R.) ; off Portincross (R.).
L. sulcata, Walker and Jacob. — Gen. dist.
L. williamsonii, AlcocL — Widely dist.
L. costata, Will. — Tarbert Bank (S.) ; Tan, Cumbrae (R.) ; St. Ninian's B.,

Bute (R.) ; off Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R.) ; Rothesay B. (R).
L. striata, d'Orb. — Gen. dist.
L. gracilis, Will.— Off Skate L, L. Fyne, 105 f. (P.) ; L. Fyne (R.) ; off

Dunnighu Pt., Kintyre, 23-30 f. (P.) ; off Pigeon I., L. Fyne, 18 f. (P.).
L. semistriata, Will.—C., gen. dist.

L. striato-punctata, P. and J. — Off Skate I., L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.).
L. squamosa, Mont. — Gen. dist.

var. montagui, Alcock. — Rothesay B. (R.) ; 4 miles off Girvan, 12-15 f.

(R).

L. hexagona, Will. — Widely dist.
L. melo, d'Orb.— L. Fyne (B. & S.) ; Tan, Cumbrae, 6-8 f., r. (R.) ; between

Portincross and Ardrossan, 30 f., r. (R.) ; St. Ninian's B., Bute, r. (R.).
L. marginata, W. and B. — E. L. Tarbert (B. & S.) ; Lamlash B. (H.) ; L.

Gair, 18 f. ; off Ardrossan, 30 f. ; St. Ninian's B., Bute ; Kilbrennan

Sd., 75-80 f. ; off Ardrishaig, 5-8 f. ; off Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R.).
L. lucida, Will.— Tarbert Bank (S.) ; L. Gair, 18 f. (R.) : off S. end of Bute,

40 f. (R.) ; Gareloch, 7-16 f. (R.) ; L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.) ; Kilbrennan Sd.,

75-80 f. (R) ; off Wemyss Bay (R).
L. orbignyana, Seg. — Gen. dist.

L. pulchella, Brady. — Fintry B. (Brady) ; off Figgetoch, Cumbrae (R.).
L. lagenoides, Brady. — Off Skate I., L. Fyne, 105 f. (P.) ; 4 miles off

Girvan (R.).

L. acuticostata, Reuss. — Off Dunnighu Pt., Kintyre coast, 23-30 f. (P.).
L. quadrata, Will.— Off Dunnighu Pt., Kintyre coast, 23-30 f. (P.).
L. apiculata, Reuss. — Bet. Mull of Kintyre and Corsewall L.H., 60 f. (P.).

FORAMINIFERA. 381

L. quadricostulata, Reuss. — Bet. Mull of Kintyre and Corsewall L.H., 60 f.

(P.).

Sub- fain. Nodosarinae.

Nodosaria laevigata, d'Orb. — Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (K.) ; Cutnbrae, 3-5 f.

(R.) ; off Corsewell Pt., 60 f. (R.).
N. rotundata, Reuss. — Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.).
N. pyrula, d'Orb. — C., gen. dist.
N. consobrina, d'Orb. — Off S. end of Bute, 40 f. (R.) : Campbeltown L. (R.);

Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.) : L. Goil, 30 f. (R.).
N. communis, d'Orb. — Gen. dist.
N. pauperata, d'Orb. — Off Ardrossan (Smith) : Inverkip B. (R.) : White B.,

Cumbrae, 20 f. (R.) ; Kilbrennan Sound, 75-80 f. (R.) ; L. Goil,

30 f. (R.) ; L. Fyne, 15-20 f. (R.) ; off Inveraray, 75-80 f. (R.).
N. scalaris, Batsch. — Widely dist.
N. obliqua, Lin.— Tarbert Bank, L. Fyne (S.) ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.);

Cumbrae, 30 f. (R.).

N. perversa, Schm. — Tarbert Bank, r. (S.).
Vaginulina legumen, Linn. — Tarbert Bank, r. (S.) ; Campbeltown L. (R.) ;

off Figgetoch, Cumbrae, 22 f. (R.) : L. Striven, 26 f. (R.) : Kilchattan -B.,

45-50 f. mod. c. (R.).

V. linearis, Mont.- -Off Figgetoch, Cumbrae (R.).
Marginulina glabra, d'Orb. — Tarbert Bank, r. (S.).
Cristellaria elongata, Will. — Kilbrennan. Sd., 75-80 f. (R.).
C. crepidula, F. and M. — Widely dist.
C. rotulata, Lam. — Gen. dist.
C. cultrata, Mont.— OS Skate L, L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.) : off S. end of Bute

(R.) ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.) ; Kilchattan B., 2-25 f. (R,).
C. gibba, d'Orb.— OS Pigeon I., L. Fyne, 18 f., v. r. (P.).

Sub-fam. Polymorphininae.

Polymorphina lactea, TF. and J. — C., widely dist.

var. oblonga, Will.— Tarbert Bank (S.) ; off Skate L, 105 f., v. r. (P.) ; off

Pigeon I., L. Fyne, 18 f., v. r. (P.).
P. gibba, d'Orb.— Gen. dist.

P. problema, d'Orb.— Lamlash B. (H.) ; off Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R.).
P. thouini, d'Orb.— Kilchattan B., 20-25 f. (R.).
P. lanceolata, Reuss. — L. Fyne (R.).
P. compressa, d'Orb. — Gen. dist.
P. sororia, Reuss.— L Fyne (R.) ; off E. L. Tarbert (S.).

var. cuspidata. — L. Fyne (R.).
P. rotundata, Born.— Tarbert Bank, 20-25 f. (S.) ; L. Fyne, off Inveraray

(R.) ; off Corsewell Pt., 60 f. (R,).

P. elegantissima, P. and J.— Off Dunnighu Pt., Kintyre, 23-30 f. (P.).
P. communis, d'Orb.— Off Pigeon I., L. Fyae, 18 f. (P.).
Uvigerina pygmaea, d'Orb.— Off Skate I., L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.) ; Kilbrennan

Sd., 75-80 f. (R.).

U. angulosa, Will. — Tarbert Bank, r. (S.).
Sagrina dimorpha, P. andJ. — L.-w., Girvaii (R.) ; Tarbert Bank, r. (S.).

Fam. Globigerinidae.

Globigerina bulloides, d'Orb. — Lamlash B. (H.) ; shore sands, Saltcoats to
Troon (Smith) ; bet. Mull of Kintyre and Corsewall L.H., 60 f. ; off
Dunnighu Pt., Kintyre, 23-30 f. ; off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.) : off Corse-
wall Pt, 60 f. ; off Sfcate L, L. Fyne, 105 f. ; Rothesay B., 10-12 f. ;
Gareloch (R.).

382 FORAMINIFERA.

G. inflata, d'Orb.— Lamlash B. (H.).

G. pachyderma, Ehrmb. — Bet. Mull of Kintye, and Corsewall L.H.,

60 f. (P.).

Orbulina universa, d'orb. — Gen. dist., often of a brown colour.
Pullenia quinqueloba, Reuss. — Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (B,.).

Fam. Eotalidae.

Sub. - fain. Spirillininae.

•/ J.

Spirillina vivipara, Ehr.—Qft Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.).

Sub.-fam. Rotalinae.

Patellina corrugata, Will.— Off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.) ; L. Fyne (B. & S.);
shore sands Saltcoats to Troon (Smith) ; bet. Mull of Kintyre and
Corsewall L.H., 60 f. (P.) ; Port Loy, on muddy stones at 1. spring
tides, c. ; S. end of Bute, 40 f. ; Tan, Cumbrae ; 4 miles off Girvan ;
Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. ; bet. Portincross and Ardrossan, 30 f. ; Claugh,
Cumbrae ; St. Ninian's B., Bute ; off Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R).

Discorbina globularis, d'Orb.— Gen. dist.

D. rosacea, d'Orb. — Widely dist. but not so c. as D. rosacea.

D. orbicularis, Terq.—O& E. L. Tarbert, 20 f. (P.) ; off Dunnighu Pt., Kin-
tyre coast, 23-30 f. (P.) ; bet. Mull of Kintyre and Corsewall L.H., 60 f.,
(P.) ; off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.).

D. wrightii, Brady.— Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (E.).

D. rugosa, cPOrd.— Off Ailsa Craig, 28 f. (P.).
Planorbulina mediterraniensis, d?0rb. — Widely dist.
Truncatulina refulgens, Mont. — Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.).
T. lobatula, W. and J. — C. everywhere.

T. ungeriana, d'Orb.— E. L. Tarbert, r. (S.) ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R).
T. variabilis, d'Orb.— Off Dunnighu Pt., Kintyre, 23-30 f. ; off Ailsa Craig,

28 f. ; bet. Mull of Kintyre and Corsewall L.H., 60 f. (P.).
Pulvinulina auricula, F. and M. — Tarbert Bank, r. (S.) ; off Skate I.,

L. Fyne, 105 f. (R).
P. karsteni, Reuss. — Lamlash B. (H.).
Eotalia beccarii, Linn. — Widely dist.

E. orbicularis, d'Orb.— Off Skate I., L. Fyne, 105 f. (R).

E. nitida, WilL—E. L. Tarbert (B. & S.) ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.) ;
4 miles off Girvan, 12-15 f. (R) ; off Skate I., L. Fyne, 75-80 f. (R.) ;
Tan, Cumbrae (R.) ; off Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R).

Sub.-fam. Tiniporinae.

Gypsina vesicularis, P. and J. — Off Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R.)
G. inhaerens, Schultze. — Gen. dist.

Fam. Nummulinidae.

Sub. -fain. Polystomellinae.

Nonionina depressula, W. and J. — C., gen. dist.

N. umbilicatula, Mont. — Off Skate I., L. Fyne, 75-80 f. (E.) ; Kilbrennan

Sd., 75-80 f. (R) ; L. Fyne, 25 f. (R.) ; off Callum's B., Bute (R).
N. orbicularis, Brady. — Off Pigeon L, L. Fyne, 18 f. (P.) ; off Ailsa Craig,

28 f. (P.) ; off Dunnighu Pt., Kintyre coast, 25-30 f. (P.) ; off Skate I.,

L. Fyne, 75-80 f. (R.) ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.) ; L. Fyne, 25 f.

(R.) ; off Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R).
N. boueana, d'Orb.— Off Corsewall Pt,, 60 f. (R).

FORAMINIFERA. 383

N. scapha, F. and M. — Tarbert Bank, r. (S.) ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. ; off
Inveraray, 15-20 f. ; L. Goil, 30 f. ; off Largs, 20 f. (R.).

N. stelligera, d' Orb.— Off Figgetoch, Cunibrae (R.) ; Inverkip B., 15 f. (R.) ;
off Corsewall Ft., 60 f. (R.).

Polystomella crispa, Linn. — C. everywhere.

P. striato-punctata, F. and M. — Gen. dist.

P. arctica, P. and J.—Ofi Dunnighu Pt, Kintyre coast, 23-30 f. (P.) ; bet.
Portincross and Ardrossan (R.).

Sub-fain. Nummulitinae.

Operculina ammonoides, Gron. — Tarbert Bank, 20-25 f. (S.) ; off Ailsa
Craig, 28 f. (P.) ; off Skate I., L. Fyne, 105 f. (R.) ; Canipbeltown L. (R.) ;
off Corsewall Pt., 60 f. (R.).

N. turgida, Will.—L. Fyne, 25 f. (R.) ; L. Goil, 30 f. (R.) ; L. Fyne, 105 f.
(R.) ; Kilbrennan Sd., 75-80 f. (R.) ; bet. Mull of Kintyre and Corse-
wall L. H., 60 f. (P.).

PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF THE CLYDE SEA-AREA.
BY HUGH EGBERT MILL, D.Sc., LL.D.

Position. The name Clyde Sea-area was introduced in order to group
together the estuary of the Clyde and all the sea-lochs along that part of the
coast of Scotland which is separated from the Atlantic by the protecting arm
of the peninsula of Kintyre. It lies within a line drawn from the Mull of
Kintyre to the Rinns of Galloway, and is included between the parallels of
55° 5' and 56° 17' N., and the meridians of 4° 30' and 5° 40' W., with a
connected water area of 1140 square miles.

Configuration. The region consists of a lowland or seaward part, edged
mainly by gentle landslopes, from the sea to the Island of Bute, and of a
highland or landward part, in which the sea-water invades a series of long
valleys, branching on the whole northwards with a tendency either
towards the east or west. Two of these valleys, with an easterly and
a westerly trend respectively, are connected, forming the Kyles of Bute,
and others approach each other, such as Loch Goil and Loch Fyne or
the GareJoch and Loch Long. A depression of 30 feet would admit sea-
water to Loch Eck and Loch Lomond (both of which are filled with fresh
water) and would greatly lengthen all the sea-lochs by flooding the extensive
fiats at their heads. An upheaval of 30 feet, on the other hand, would
convert Loch Riddon, Loch Goil and the Gareloch into fresh water lakes, and
separate the Kyles of Bute into two lochs of typical form.

In the infinite irregularity and variety of bare mountain slopes and deep
valley trenches, the uniform level of the smooth surface of the sea-lochs and
the broader reaches of the sea-area suggests a uniformity which does not really
exist. Could one remove the veil of water, the hollows it covers would
appear in their true character, scarcely less varied in outline than the land,
forming ridges, hollows, mountainous islands and shoals sometimes of
surprising steepness, and broad gently-sloping plains. The featureless
monotonv of the water is merelv a mask, but it has caused names to be

•/ ,/

applied to different portions of the surface which do not correspond with the
natural regions outlined by the hidden features whose influence on the
regime of the water and its inhabitants is paramount. Hence for the pur-
pose of scientific description some liberties must be taken with the names
which appear upon ordinary maps, although we shall use these as far as
possible. The types of submarine configuration to be considered may be
restricted to the two simplest and most important — plateaux or shallows
and basins or deeps ; and of these the Clyde Sea-area is made up as
follows :

Natural Divisions. The Great Plateau forms a broad shelf or counter
across the mouth of the Area from the Mull of Kintyre to Ayrshire, a
distance of 30 miles, separating the wa.ter of the North Channel and Irish
Sea on the south (with depths over 80 fathoms) from the equally deep hollows
of the Arran Basin to the north. The contour-lines of 30 fathoms depth
inside and outside the Plateau are about 12 miles apart, and the Island of

2B

386 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF

Arran, Kintyre and Ayrshire are all connected by a ridge, the water on
which is nowhere more than 25 fathoms deep, and in many places consider-
ably less. Numerous small islands, the most prominent of which is Ailsu
Craig-, rise from the Plateau. An upheaval of 150 feet would entirely
exclude the sea and convert the Clyde Sea-area into one great fresh- water
lake and half a dozen small ones.

The Arran Basin consists of two deep troughs closely embracing the west
and east of Arran, which unite at the north of that island, and the single
hollow runs straight up Lower Loch Fyne to Otter Spit, the whole having
the form of the Greek letter A. The western limb, 30 miles long, occupies
Kilbrennan Sound, and has a maximum depth of 84 fathoms. The eastern
limb is in the region usually known as the Firth of Clyde, and it runs on
continuously with the northern or central limb, the two being traversed for
50 miles by one depression, which, with a depth exceeding 50 fathoms, runs
from off Pladda, in the south of Arran, to off Kilfinan, near the head of the
Basin at Otter Spit. This depression lies near the Island of Arran and
shoals gradual!}7 towards the great sweep of shallow water along the Ayr-
shire coast. The deepest area is a narrow trough continuously over 80
fathoms in depth, which runs for 27 miles from a line between Corrie in
Arran and the south point of Bute to off Stonefiekl, north of Tarbert. In
this trough the deepest depression in the Clyde Sea-area is found off Skate
Island, where a hole only a few hundred yards in diameter has a depth of
107 fathoms. Two short branches of the Arran Basin project north-
eastward, one between Bute and the Cumbraes, the other up the western
arm of the Kyles of Bute. The sea north of Arran where the eastern and
western branches of the basin unite is known superficially as Inchmarnock
Water, while the central branch running up to Otter Spit is popularly
included in Loch Fyne, or is more accurately called Lower Loch Fyne.

Upper Loch Fy?ie, which is always meant in this notice when " Loch
Fyne " is referred to without qualification, is barred off from the Arran
Basin b}r the shoal at Otter, which rises to within 15 fathoms of the surface
in mid-channel. The Otter Spit, curving out from the Cowal shore,
restricts the entrance of Upper Loch Fyne to a breadth of f mile, except
at high tide, when the spit is covered, and the breadth expands to 1| miles.
Inside Otter Spit there is a stretch of 7^ miles to Minard Narrows, with a
mean depth along the axis of 31 fathoms and 35 fathoms as its maximum,
which has been termed the Gortans Basin. At Minard a group of islands
splits Loch Fyne into two narrow channels, which are 12 and 18 fathoms
deep respectively. Beyond Minard the bed of Upper Loch Fyne deepens
gradually to 40 fathoms off Furnace, and then abruptly to 60 fathoms, the
greatest depth being 75 fathoms, off Pennimore Point.1

The deep channel runs up Loch Fyne to beyond Dunderawe, the branch
known as Loch Shira being only a shallow bay. The distance from Minard
to the head of Loch Fyne is 18^ miles, and the breadth of nearly a mile
diminishes above Inveraray, the loch gradually narrowing towards the head,
where it is less than j mile wide, while the hills bordering it become higher
and their slopes more steep.

The Dunoon Basin runs, north-eastward from the Bute Plateau, which bars
the short north-eastern branch of the Arran Basin, and pursues its way in
a straight line up Lower Loch Long to the entrance of Loch Goil, a distance
of 20 miles. The mountainous peninsula between the Dunoon Basin and
Loch Fyne is known as Cowal, and is trenched by a series of inlets on its
south-eastern side, all running nearly N.N.W. towards Loch Fyne, and
most of them occupied by sea-lochs, which give to the Cowal shore of the

1 I have searched repeatedly and very carefully for the depth of 82 fathoms marked on
the Admiralty Chart at this position, and am satisfied that 75^ fathoms is the greatest
depth which actually exists.

THE CLYDE SEA- ARE A. 387

Dunoon Basin a complexity of outline in its large features, contrasting with
the general smoothness of the shores of Loch Fyne and the Central Arran
Basin. The Bute Plateau has a maximum depth of 20 fathoms on its
shallowest line, and the Dunoon Basin deepens to 56 fathoms off Dunoon,
and, after shallowing, deepens again at the head to 55 fathoms at Dog
Rock, off the mouth of Loch Goil.

Upper Loch Long (to which the name " Loch Long " as used in this paper
always refers) is simply the upper end of the Dunoon Basin, a stretch
8|- miles long, separated from the deep at Dog Rock by a bar rising to
within 18 fathoms of the surface. It has a maximum depth of 35 fathoms ;
it is less than half a mile wide, and is walled by very steep mountain slopes.

Loch Goil opens into the head of the Dunoon Basin across a bar with only
7 fathoms of water on it. It is separated from Loch Long by the rugged
peninsula rising into heights of 2000 feet and more, which is named in some
freak of Highland humour " Argyll's Bowling Green." The loch penetrates
for 5 miles amongst the steepest hillsides of the whole area and preserves a
breadth of a little more than half a mile almost to its head. The maximum
depth is 47 fathoms ; and this depth, combined with the small area and
shallow entrance, isolates the water of Loch Goil more completely than
that in any other part of the area.

The Holy Loch is only a deep bay opening into the Dunoon Basin but it is of
interest by occupying the mouth of the valley of the fresh Loch Eck, and
receiving its extensive drainage.

Loch Striven and the eastern arm of the Kyles of Bute open to the north of
the Bute Plateau between Rothesay and Toward Point. Loch Striven
gradually tapers from its mouth to the head, unlike most of the lochs, and
runs for 9 miles between steep and uniform hillsides. It maximum depth is
42 fathoms, and its main depression crosses the opening of the Kyles and
cuts into the Bute Plateau.

Where the two branches of the Kyles of Bute unite the short but very
picturesque Loch Riddon runs northward, forming the mouth of the long
valley known as Glendaruel. It is much shallowed towards the head by the
material brought down by the River Ruel.

The Estuary of the River Clvde runs due westward into the Dunoon

«/ *t

Basin between Gourock and Kilcreggan. It is everywhere shallow; depths
of 5 fathoms not extending further east than the line joining Greenock and
Roseneath Point, and on account of the narrowness of the navigable channel
and the great amount of traffic it has not been so minutely studied from
the points of view of salinity and temperature as the deeper and quieter
waters.

The Oareloch is entered from the estuary, and stretches in a straight line
towards Loch Goil, a basin to which it presents several analogies and con-
trasts. It is five miles long, separated from the estuary by a bar with no
more than 5 fathoms on it at Row Point, which is a spit resembling that at
Otter. The loch is similar in outline, identical in orientation and nearly
equal in area and depth on the bar to Loch Goil ; but it has only half the
average depth of that loch and its deepest part is ouly 22 fathoms, while the
land bordering it is comparatively low and has the gentlest slopes that
surround any of the Clyde lochs.

Loch Lomond, which discharges into the estuary by the river Leven at
Dumbarton, is filled with fresh water and its surface stands 24 feet above
sea-level ; but its configuration is exactly similar to that of the sea-lochs of
which, were it at sea level, it would be by far the deepest.

The relation of the depths along the axis of the deepest water from the
Channel across the Great Plateau, up the eastern branch of the Arran Basin
to the head of Loch Fyne is shown in the accompanying section (Fig. 1), the
slopes of which are enormously exaggerated as the scales show :

388

PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF

THE CLYDE SEA- ARE A.

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PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF

Tides. The crest of the tidal wave is almost simultaneous over the Clyde
Sea-area, high water occurring at the heads of the remotest lochs within
17 minutes of the time of high water at Lam lash in Arran. In the river-
there is more retardation, about 1^ hours in the case of Glasgow. The tidal
currents in the broad channels and at the heads of the lochs are rarely more
rapid than 1 knot per hour ; but in the narrow channels, and especially where
the depth as well as the \vidth is reduced, there are tidal races which give
rise to a choppy sea, and mix the water thoroughly from surface to bottom.
This is especially the case in the North Channel off the Mull of Cantyre
and at the entrance to the Gareloch, at both of which the spring tides run at
over 5 knots, while at Otter Spit at the entrance to Upper Loch Fyne the
ordinary spring tide attains 3^ knots. These velocities are increased or
diminished in a notable degree according as the wind conspires with or
blows against the current.

Salinity. The saltness of the great body of the water in the Clyde Sea-
Area is remarkable ; the deeper layers, even at the head of the remotest
lochs, are nearly pure sea-water, while the brackish water on the surface
only forms a thin skin. The average salinity of the water is subject to change
by evaporation in dry weather, and by dilution in wet weather. The follow-
ing table shows the average and the extreme range of the salinity of the
whole mass of water in each division as observed in 1886-88:

TABLE II. — SALINITY OF WATER IN THE CLYDE SEA-AREA.

Percentage of Pure Sea-water present.

Average

DIVISION.

Salinity

per mille.

Average.

Maximum
observed.

Minimum

observed.

Channel, -

34-20

97-7

98-5

96-7

Great Plateau,

33-91

96-9

97-9

95-4

Arran Basin, -

33-60

96-0

96-9

94-1

Dunoon Basin,

32-72

93-5

95-4

86-1

Loch Fyne,

3266

93-3

95-1

88-8

Loch Striven, etc., -

33-00

94-3

96-6

86-4

Loch Riddon and Kyles,

33-11

94-6

95-7

91-3

Holy Loch,

31-85

91-0

95-2

88 -7

Loch Long,

32-27

92-2

94-7

87-1

Loch Goil,

32-30

92-3

94-8

86-7

Gareloch,

3136

89-6

91-4

84-6

Estuary, -

17-50

50-0

55-0

40-0

Clyde Sea- Area,

33-43

95-8

96-8

94-2

The " pure sea- water " of which the percentage present is given above is
assumed to be of 35'00 per mille salinity, or of specific gravity S^^ =1 '02600.

Although the salinities are calculated from specific gravities, the great
diversity in the forms expressing the latter factor is a sufficient reason for
using salinities for purposes of comparison either in the form of total salts
or per cent, of pure sea-water. In order to show the difference between the
salinity at surface and bottom and the slight influence exercised by the
former on the salinity of the whole mass of water a few selected stations are
compared in Table III.

THE CLYDE SEA-AREA.

391

TABLE III. — AVERAGE PERCENTAGE OF PURE SEA-WATER.

Division.

Station.

Surface.

Bottom.

Whole Depth.

Channel,

Mull of Kintyre,

97-6

97-7

97-7

Plateau,

Pladda,

95-3

96-7

96-4

Arran Basin, -

Skate Island,

94-0

96-5

96-0

Dunoon Basin,

Dunoon,

86-7

95-1

93-7

5>

Dog Rock, -

84-1

94-5

92-8

Loch Goil,

Lochgoilhead,

82-6

93-8

91-9

Gareloch,

Shan don,

86-3

90-2

89-5

Loch Fyne,

Otter,

93-0

95-7

95-2

,, ' Furnace,

91-0

94-7

94-1

? 5

Inveraray, -

83-2

94-6

92-7

? •

Cuill, - '

56-8

93-4

87-3

The remarkable feature shown by this table is, that if the Gareloch be
excepted, the amount of pure sea-water present in the bottom water at any
point scarcely varies more than 2 per cent, from the average of the whole.

There are not sufficient observations to justify us in fixing the possible
variations in salinity at any one point ; but it seems probable that they are
rarely more than correspond to an addition to the average of 5 per cent, more
sea-water or of 10 per cent, more fresh water. An exception may occur at
the head of lochs where the effect of wind in mixing the water is most felt.

The rainfall of the Clyde Sea-area is that typical of the west coast, heavy
on the high ground, less so on the low ground, and everywhere showing a
maximum in winter (December and January being the wettest months) and
a minimum in early summer, the driest months being May and June. While
it is impossible from the small number of rainfall stations to speak with any
degree of certainty, it is probable that the average annual rainfall for the
20 years, 1866-1885, was about 56 inches on the landward portion of the
Clyde Sea-area and about 43 inches on the seaward portion. During
the investigation of salinity a clear relation wras found between the degree
of dilution of the water and the amount of rain in the preceding two months.
There are fairly distinct indications that the normal salinity of the whole
mass of the water is subject to an annual variation similar but inverse to the
annual variation of rainfall. The rainfall minimum in May is followed by a
maximum -of salinity in July and August, and the rainfall maximum from
October to January by a salinity minimum from December to March. The
w^ater as a whole seems to be freshest in February and saltest in July and
August.

During a severe frost the surface of the narrow sea-lochs is frequently
frozen over ; but in the cases I have seen this is the result of the cooling
during a cold eight of the ice-cold surface film of fresh water poured in from
the mountain slopes after a temporary thaw, and in no case was the ice
formed from sea-water.

Chemistry of the Water. The chemistry of the water of the Clyde Sea-
area has only been partially studied. I am not acquainted with any
determinations of the dissolved gases in the water, and the only chemical
analyses of high precision to which I can refer are those carried out by Mr.
A. Dickie in the late Professor Dittmar's laboratory in Glasgow in 1887, and
those by Mr. H. N. Dickson in the Oxford University laboratory in 1896,
the samples in both cases having been collected mainly by myself. Mr.
Dickie determined Chlorine, Sulphuric Acid, and Alkalinity in 117 samples
collected on six trips at intervals of about two months ; Mr. Dickson
determined Chlorine, Sulphuric Acid, and Density by direct pyknometer

392 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF

weighings in 30 samples collected on one trip. The results are not easily
explained or accounted for. It is quite clear on expressing the amounts of
sulphuric acid and alkalinity in terms of unit weight of chlorine (so as to
eliminate differences due to mere variations in salinity) that the water of the
Clyde Sea-area differs materially from that of the open ocean. By Professor
Dittmar's analyses of 77 ocean-waters he found the average ratio of sulphuric-
acid (SO3) to chlorine to be 0'115S. Mr. Dickie found in the Clyde Sea-
area an average of 0'1172, and Mr. Dickson 0'1189. This indicates an excess
of sulphates due either to the addition of river-salts or to impurities in the
water, and the alkalinities, which are also greater than in ocean water, point
in the same direction. Taking all the observations the averages according to
vertical position are as follows :

Samples from Dickie. Dickson.

Surface, 0'1171 0'1185

Intermediate, 0'1173 O1191

Bottom, 0-1172 0-1192

This shows some evidence of an increase of sulphates relative to chlorides
with depth, i.e. with salinity ; in other words the less land-water the more
sulphates — a paradoxical conclusion. No definite relations of the sulphates
or alkalinity to position can be made out ; the results of the chemical
analyses showing a far greater change from time to time than from place to
place. The averages for the different trips work out as follows :

Date, Nov. 1886. Feb. 1887. March 1887. May 1887.

Surface, (12) 0'1174 (6) 0'1175 (4) 0-1175 (7) 0'1177

Interm., (3) 0'1172 (3) 0-1175

Bottom, (14) 0-1173 (7) 0-1176 (6) 0'1173 (8) 0'1176

Date, June 1887. Sept. 1887. April 1896.

Surface, (8) 0'1177 (14) 0'1161 (13) 0-1185

Interm., (7) 0'1191

Bottom, (8) 0-1177 (14) 0'1163 (9) G'1192

The figures in brackets are the number of samples of which the result is
an average.

Deposits. The deposits on the bed of the Clyde Sea-area are mostly
sands on the shallows and mud in the deep water. They have been studied
to some extent by Mr. J. Y. Buchanan, who found evidence of the effect of
the masses of chemical-works refuse which for many years have been
discharged into the water of the Area. He found a very considerable
proportion of sulphur, chiefly in the form of ferrous sulphide, in the muds of
the deeper basins ; and at several points, especially in the Arran Basin and
on the Bute Plateau, there were numbers of nodules mainly composed of
oxides of manganese and iron, quite similar to those found in the red clay of
the greatest ocean depths. The sulphur in the deposits may possibly account
for the increased proportion of sulphates in the deep water.

Thermal Conditions. While there is a certain individuality in the
thermal regime of each physical region due to its individual configuration, a
general idea of the seasonal march of temperature in the water may be given
by considering the North Channel, the Arran Basin, and the deep lochs, as a
group represented by Loch Goil, which is a very good specimen of the type.

On account of the thorough tidal mixing of the water in the North
Channel the temperature at any time is the same from surface to bottom, and
all seasonal changes of temperature take place simultaneously throughout
the whole depth. From the annual minimum of temperature in March,
about 42° or 44°, the water in the Channel warms up steadily and gradually
to about 56° in September, and cools again uniformly for the next six months
(see curves in Fig. 2). All the water carried in to the Arran Basin by the

THE CLYDE SEA-AREA.

393

tide is thus homothermic Channel water passed in sheets less than 25 fathoms
thick across the flat counter of the Great Plateau.

fe

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FIG. 2.

At the annual minimum in March the Arran Basin throughout its whole
depth is at the same temperature as the Channel and the Plateau ; but as
the process of warming goes on the superficial layers are most rapidly

FIG. 3.

heated by the direct influence of the sun, and by the indirect influence
of warm land -water which floats upon the surface of the salter mass. The
result is that the surface water heats up more rapidly and to a higher degree
than the deeper layers, which change their temperature — probably because

394 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF

of tidal mixture — almost homothermically, until at the period of annual
maximum the surface reaches about 56° in August, and the bottom about 51*
in October. When cooling commences it takes place almost simultaneously
throughout the whole depth, so that although nearly nine months are
required to raise the temperature at the bottom from the minimum to the
maximum, only three months are necessary for reducing it from the maximum
to the minimum. During the later months of cooling the surface water
remains colder than that beneath (see curves in Fig. 3).

From the Arran Basin communication is had directly with Loch Fyne and
the Dunoon Basin, the latter leading to Loch Goil.

Loch Goil, much more isolated than the Arran Basin from oceanic
influence, shows all the characteristics which distinguish the Arran Basin
from the Channel, but in an exaggerated degree. At the annual minimum
in early spring the mass of water is homothermic, and practically at the
same temperature as in all other parts of the Area, but the surface alone
heats up rapidly as the season advances. The mass of water below the level
of the bar heats very slowly, and only to a slight extent. It is probable
that heat from the surface-layers is transmitted downwards mainly by the
slow process of conduction, the maximum temperature at the bottom being
reached late in winter nearly six months after the date of the surface
maximum, and only a month or two before the minimum temperature
reasserts itself from top to bottom. The vertical distribution of temperature
is thus subject to remarkable changes. The curve of the minimum is homo-
thermic as elsewhere, the curve of heating shows a great range of temperature,
and when cooling sets in its upper part is reversed in direction. The cold of
winter may have reduced the upper layers of water to 34° or less, while the
heat of the previous summer is still being conducted downwards, and
the water remains warmest in the centre and colder both above and below.

The conditions of Loch Fyne have been more fully investigated than
those of the other lochs. The shallow Gortans Basin, with its entrance and
exit restricted by bars, serves as an intermediate chamber between the
Arran Basin and the deep Upper Basin of Loch Fyne. The steep rise of the
sea-bed off Otter causes the flood tide to produce an updraughtof deep water
from the Arran Basin, breaking the warm skin of surface water in summer
and the cold skin of surface water in winter, and filling the Gortans Basin
with nearly homothermic water of relatively high salinity. This water is
passed on to the Upper Basin at Minard, and occupies the gently sloping bed
of the loch as far as Furnace ; but there, where the Upper Basin drops
abruptly, the incoming tidal water seems to intrude itself like a wedge
horizontally into the mass of the water of the Upper Basin, not directly
affecting the deeper layers, which thus remain nearly as isolated as those of
Loch Goil, and present a similar thermal regime (see curves in Fig. 4).

In the deep lochs it will be noticed that the annual range of temperature
becomes less as the depth is greater, and it would seem from a consideration
of the temperature curves that if the depth of Upper Loch Fyne were
increased to 150 fathoms, the temperature of the deepest water would retain
the minimum temperature practically unchanged all the year round.

The three series of curves in Figs. 2-4 show the temperature at various
depths in three typical regions as observed in 1886-87 during a complete
cycle of heating and cooling. The numbers attached to the curves indicate
their position in this cycle as follow : (1) Minimum, (2) Early heating,
(3) Later heating, (4) Maximum of upper layers, (5) Maximum of mean
temperature, (6) Early general cooling, and (7) Later cooling.

In April, 1886, the water of the whole area from a depth of 5 fathoms to the
bottom had a temperature so nearly uniform that it did not vary more than
O2° from 42°'0 F. ; at the corresponding date in 1887 it was within 1° of
44° F. : in 1888 within 1° of 43 F. : and from numerous though less

THE CLYDE SEA-AREA.

305

complete observations in the first week of April, 1896, it was not more than
1° from 440>8 F. All these represent very nearly the period of annual
minimum, and the upper layer of 5 fathoms was at no place more than, and
rarelv so much as, 1° warmer than the average of the mass of the water

• * ^^

Farh?o

FIG. 4.

They amply justify the general statement that at the annual minimum the
Clyde Sea-area is homothermic, i.e. is at the same temperature from surface
to bottom throughout its whole extent.

The process of heating up brings into prominence the control that the con-
figuration of the various divisions exercises on the march of temperature in
the water, the greater the restriction of communication with the open sea
the slower being the propagation of warmth downward, and the longer the
period after the surface has begun to cool again before the seasonal
maximum reaches the bottom. This is very clearly shown in the curves.

Taken as a whole the observations of 1886-88 showed that while the mean
annual temperature of the air was 47°, the mean annual temperature of the
upper 5 fathoms of water was 48'8°, showing that the inflowing ocean water
is on the average of the year warmth-bringing. For about 240 days the
surface-water was warmer than the air, and the air was warmer than the
surface- water for only 125 days in the year, i.e. for eight months out of the
twelve the" air is being warmed by the water. As 1887 was a typical year
and the various temperature trips were happily timed to catch the critical
points in the curve of seasonal change the table on page 396 gives a fair idea
of normal temperature changes.

The retardation of phase and restriction of range in deep water by isolation
from the open sea is illustrated by the following table of temperatures at a
depth of 40 fathoms for various seasons in the year 1886 which started from
the lowest minimum observed in the course of these researches.

TABLE IV. — COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE AT 40 FATHOMS.

Channel.

A iran Basin.

Loch Goil.

Loch Fyne.

Minimum, April 1886, -

42-0

41-2

41-5

42-0

Heating, June 1886,

47-0

44-0

42-0

44-0

Maximum, Sep. 1886, -

54-7

47-4

44-2

45-0

Cooling, Dec. 18S6,

48-6

47-6

47-6

45-0

396

PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF

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THE CLYDE SEA-AREA. 397

Influence of Wind. We have so far endeavoured to deduce from the
observations actually made some approximation to the normal condition of
tilings which would exist if the water were never subject to very strong
winds, but it is necessary to refer to the great irregularities which a long
continued strong wind produces. These effects are most strikingly shown in
the narrow mountain-girdled sea-lochs, where the wind usually blows either
up or down the valley. In the case of a strong continuous up-loch wind the
Hood-tide is accelerated and the ebb retarded ; but the fresher surface- water^
which in summer is warmer and in winter colder than that beneath, is
accumulated by a sort of skimming at the head of the loch, thus tending to
raise the level and so forcing away the deeper salt layers. At the same time
the reaction currents set up by the stream of water entering the loch cause
an up welling of the salter deep water on the bar at the mouth both from
outside and inside ; and if the wind were to last long enough the whole mass
of water in the loch-basin would be thoroughly mixed and reduced through-
out to a uniform temperature and a uniform salinity. It may be that the
rapid fall of temperature to the spring minimum is partly due to the
frequency of heavy gales in winter.

When a down-loch wind is blowing the conditions are reversed. Then the
ebb-tide is accelerated and the flood retarded on the surface. At the same
time the fresher surface-water is driven down, and perhaps out of the loch,
and its place taken by the salter water drawn up from below. This accounts
for the paradox that the saltest surface water in the whole Clyde Sea-area
has been found at the head of the lochs where the largest rivers flow in,,
during a down-loch wind ; while the freshest bottom water has been found
in the same positions with an up-loch wind. Cross-loch winds produce
similar effects, but these occur less frequently, and except when specially
investigated have usually escaped attention, as the regular observations,
designed to investigate the seasonal changes of temperature and salinity
were usuallv made in mid-channel where the effect is at a minimum.

[Bibliography.

398 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF THE CLYDE SEA-AREA.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

The observations and arguments on which the above brief statement is
based will be found in—

Sir John Murray, " On the Temperature of the Salt and Fresh Water Lochs

of the West of Scotland during the years 1887 and 1888." Proc. R. S. E.<

vol. xviii. (1891), pp. 139-228.
J. Y. Buchanan, " On the Occurrence of Sulphur in Marine Muds and

Nodules." Proc. R, S. E., vol. xviii. (1890), 17-39.
H. R. Mill, "The Clyde Sea- Area," Part L, Physical Geography, Trans.

R. S. E., vol. xxxvi. (1892) ; Part III., No. 23, pp. 641-663 ; Part II.,

Salinity and Chemical Composition of the Water ; Ibid., pp. 664-729,

Plates 1-12 ; Part III., Distribution of Temperature ; Ibid., vol. xxxviii.

(1894) ; Part L, No. 1, pp. 1-161, Plates 1-32.
-"Temperature Observations in the Clyde Sea- Area," Journ. ticot.

Met. Soc., 3rd Ser., vol. vii. (1886), No/ 3, 313-351; vol. viii. (1887),

No. 4, pp. 47-110.
-"Physical Conditions of the Water in the Clyde Sea- Area." Proc.

Glasgow Phil. Soc., vol. xviii. (1887), pp. 332-356.
— " Report on Physical Observations bearing on the Circulation of

the Water in Loch Fyne in April and September, 1896." Fifteenth

Annual Report of Fishery Board for Scotland, Part III., pp. 262-279.
A. Dickie, "On the Chemical Composition of the Water composing the

Clyde Sea-Area." Proc. R. S. E., xiv. (1887), pp. 422-427, xv. (1888)

283-286.

THE GEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY

OF THE

CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

PREFATORY NOTE.
BY J. B. MURDOCH, F.R.Pn.S.E.

THE West of Scotland has for a long time been fortunate in possessing an
active number of workers in Geological and Palaeontological science, and
much of the outcome of their labours during the last fifty or sixty years has
been made available to the public through the Transactions of the Natural
History Society, and those of the Geological Society of Glasgow.

The first attempt to consolidate the many lists and papers on local geology
resulted in the publication of " The Carboniferous Fossils of the West of
Scotland, by (Dr.) John Young, with a General Catalogue of the Fossils by
James Armstrong," which was issued in 1871. l

This book again formed the nucleus of the more exhaustive " Catalogue
of the Western Scottish Fossils," compiled by John Armstrong, John Young,
F.G.S., and David Robertson, F.G.S., which was published as a local guide-
book for the use of the members of the British Association, whose meeting-
was held in Glasgow in 1876. The editors were largely assisted in its
articles by other workers in field and study work, and to such good
purpose that the "Catalogue" has up to the present day served as a reliable
guide to the Geology of the West of Scotland, and is by no means even yet
superseded.

The following Geological portion of the " Handbook ;: for the British
Association meeting of 1901 has been drawn up on somewhat similar lines to
those of the former volumes, the various articles in it beginning with thr
lowest formation represented in the area and gradually ascending to the
most recent. A glance at its pages will show that the contributors are
worthy successors of the men who preceded them.

Preparations for the work were begun some years ago, and it is unfor-
tunately the case that a number of those who promised to contribute
died before they were able to carry out their intentions, or at least did
not survive to revise and correct the articles in print, so that these have had
either to be supplied by other hands, or at least have not had the benefit of
the author's supervision.

Amongst these deceased gentlemen may be mentioned Dr. John Young,
F.G.S., to whose work and efforts the cause of Western Scottish geological

1 Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, vol. iii., supplement, 1871.

400 GEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY.

investigation must ever owe a debt of gratitude ; Dr. David Robertson,
F.G.S., and Dr. (Jrosskey, F.G.S., his coadjutor in the investigation of the
Clyde Post-tertiary beds ; James Thomson, F.G.S., known generally as
" Coral " Thomson, for his laborious work in connection with that group ;
Robert Craig, of Beith, an ardent worker in the Carboniferous Limestones of
Ayrshire ; Dugald Bell, F.G.S. an enthusiast in the study of geological glacial
phenomena ; James Bennie, of the Geological Survey, whose investigations,
more especially in connection with "Surface Geology," have bee.n of great
importance ; and Mr. James W. Kirkby, of Leven, Fifeshire, an authority
upon all connected with the Carboniferous rocks, whose death occurred only
within the last few weeks.

In conclusion it may be added that though the nomenclature of many of
the genera and species will be found to be altered from that of the 1876
Catalogue there is much in that volume which has not been superseded in
the present Handbook. The attention of students may therefore still be
directed to it for much interesting matter.

THE GEOLOGY OF THE CLYDE TERRITORY.

BY J. HORNE, F.R.S.

THIS district embraces the natural drainage area of the River Clyde and of
the sea-lochs that form extensions of its estuary. Northwards the boundary
line is defined by the mountains round the head of Loch Fyne and Loch
Lomond ; eastwards by the watershed between the Clyde and the rivers
flowing east to the German Ocean; and southwards by a line drawn from the
Mull of Kintyre to the southern point of Ayrshire. It thus comprises a
broad belt of crystalline schists extending from Loch Lomond to the Mull
of Kintyre, a portion of the Silurian tableland of the Southern Uplands and
a great development of Old Red Sandstone and Carboniferous strata occupy-
ing the western part of the Central Lowlands.

The southern limit of the crystalline schists of the southwest Highlands is
defined, between Loch Lomond and Toward Point south of Dunoon, by
powerful faults which let down the Old Red Sandstone on the southeast side.
Immediately to the north of this fault, between Loch Lomond and Callander,
there is a narrow belt of strata, provisionally correlated with the Arenig
rocks of the south of Scotland, including hornblende-schists, chlorite-schists,
cherts, black shales and grits. Similar strata have been recently identified by
Mr. Gunn of the Geological Survey in North Glen Sannox, Arran, and they
have been traced at intervals along the Highland border by Messrs. Barrow,
Dakyns, and Clough, to Forfarshire and Kincardineshire. In Arran the
green rocks of igneous origin comprise lavas, volcanic agglomerates and
intrusive masses which recall petrological types of the Arenig igneous rocks
in Ayrshire. Both in Arran and in the Kelty Water near Callander these
strata are considerably deformed ; the igneous rocks have been rendered
schistose, the black shales are cleaved, the cherts have been granulitised, and
the grits show flaser structure. Though the black shales have yielded
impressions which simulate the appearance of graptolites, it must be frankly
stated that no fossils have been obtained from these rocks which prove their
age. In Forfarshire, Radiolaria have been found in the cherts, and certain
rounded bodies have been detected in the same rocks in the Callander region
which may prove to be traces of these organisms. The relation of these
presumably Silurian rocks to the schistose grits of the Highlands, both near
Loch Lomond and in Arran, is still uncertain. In Forfarshire and Kincardine-
shire Mr. Barrow of the Geological Survey has drawn a reversed fault
between the two, but no such line of displacement has yet been detected in
the southwest Highlands. Indeed the boundary line must be regarded as a
provisional one in the Callander district and in Arran.

To the north of the belt of strata just described there is an important
development of altered sedimentary rocks forming the crystalline schists of
the Eastern Highlands. The various subdivisions are arranged in a definite
order, but it is uncertain whether it indicates the original sequence of

2c

402 THE GEOLOGY OF

deposition. In the Loch Lomond district and in the western part of Perthshire
the groups are met with in apparent descending order as given below :

10. Blair Atholl limestone and black schists.
9. Quartzite.
8. Graphitic schist with thin lenticular bands of limestone, clay-slate, and

calcareous sericite-schist.
7. Garnetiferous mica-schist.
6. Loch Tay limestone.
5. Mica-schists with sills of epidiorite.
4. Schistose epidotic grits (green beds).
3. Ben Ledi grits.

2. Aberfoyle slates, with subordinate bands of grit.
1. Leny and Aberfoyle grits.

In Cowal and the district round the head of Loch Fyne, further subdivisions
of the crystalline schists have been introduced by the Geological Survey
which need not here be given. It is sufficient to state that the groups met
with in Perthshire have been identified and traced across the county of
Argyll. For example, the Dunoon grits and phyllites are evidently the pro-
longations of the grits and slates at Aberfoyle ; the Ben Ledi grit group is
largely represented in Cowal and in Kintyre : the green beds (No. 4), mica-
schists (No. 5), and the Loch Tay limestone (No. 6) have been traced westwards
from the head of Glen Fyne by Glendaruel to Loch Tarbert, and they reappear
to the north of Campbeltown. The higher groups (Nos. 8, 9, 10) are evidently
represented by the Ardrishaig phyllites and Loch Awe series, the latter com-
prising limestones, black slates, grits, and quartzites.

There can be little doubt that most of these rocks were originally sedi-
mentary deposits, for in many instances the original clastic grains may still
be recognised. Annelid tubes have been detected in the quartzites of Jura
and Islay (No. 9) ; similar structures were detected by the late Duke of
Argyll in quartzose-schists near Inveraray, and Mr. Macnair, of the Glasgow
Geological Society, has detected what he believes to be worm-casts in certain
schists apparently above the Loch Tay limestone. The geological age of these
eastern Highland schists (the Dalradian series of Sir A. Geikie) still remains
to be determined. These sedimentary rocks have been subjected to a regional
raetamorphism which cannot be attributed to any intrusion of igneous rocks
now visible at the surface. Indeed Mr. Clough and Mr. Hill, of the Geo-
logical Survey, have been led to believe that in the Cowal area the
metamorphism increases in intensity from the southeast and from the
northwest towards a central anticline of foliation trending in a northeast
and southwest direction.

These crystalline schists are pierced by igneous rocks belonging to different
geological periods. One group, which is older than the regional metamorphism
of the sedimentary rocks, comprises gabbro, epidiorite, and hornblende-
schists ; the other set is later than this metamorphism, and is represented by
various igneous masses, as, for example, the plutonic rocks of Garabal Hill
near the head of Loch Lomond, and the numerous sheets and dykes of acid
igneous materials (quartz-porphyries and porphyrites) in the neighbourhood
of Loch Fyne, and in other districts.

The geological structure of the Silurian tableland of the Southern Uplands
is extremely complicated, due partly to the non-fossiliferous character of many
of the strata, partly to the inversion of the rocks over wide areas, and partly
to the variation in the types of sedimentation ranging from oceanic to shallow-
water and shore conditions. The true order of succession has been demon-
strated by Professor Lapworth, who, by means of the vertical distribution of
the graptolites, furnished a clue to unravel the stratigraphy of the whole
region. As a result of the detailed examination of the tableland, it may be

THE CLYDE TERRITORY. 403

stated that the evidence points to continuous sedimentation from Arenig to
Ludlow and Downtonian time, save in the northwest region where local
unconformabilities occur.

The northwest portion of the Silurian tableland embraced in the Clyde
territory furnishes striking proof of the lateral variation of the Silurian
strata as the observer passes from the central Moffat region northwestwards
to Leadhills and Girvan. The land from which the sediment was derived
lay to the north, and hence there is a gradual increase in the thickness of
several divisions of the Silurian system as we approach the Girvan area. One
prominent rock-group preserves, with rare exceptions, its uniform lithological
characters throughout the uplands. It consists of cherts and mudstones
partly of Upper Arenig and partly of Lower Llandeilo age, which, where not
deformed or altered by intrusive igneous masses, are richly charged with
Radiolaria. The mudstones contain hingeless brachiopods and other
organisms. The cherts, which have been formed from a true radiolarian
ooze, and the mudstones, imply an oceanic phase of sedimentation. Their
age is clearly defined, for throughout the uplands, where exposed on
anticlinal folds, they are overlain by the Glenkiln shales with graptolites of
Upper Llandeilo age ; and they rest on volcanic rocks containing, in the
Girvan area, cherty mudstones and graptolitic shales, yielding Middle
Arenig graptolites (see general Table of Silurian strata, pp. 424, 425).

By far the greatest development of the Arenig volcanic rocks occurs near
Ballantrae, where they consist of diabase and diabase-porphyrite lavas,
agglomerates and tuffs, pierced by various plutonic masses, including
serpentine, gabbro, dolerite, and granite. But they reappear on numerous
anticlines between Abington and Leadhills in Upper Clydesdale, where
they are overlain by the Radiolarian cherts and Glenkiln-Hartfell black
shales.

The subdivisions of the Moffat series, established by Professor Lapworth
in the central portion of the tableland : viz. Glenkiln shales (Upper
Llandeilo), Hartfell shales (Caradoc), and Birkhill shales (Llandovery),
imply conditions of deposition near the verge of sedimentation, for they
consist of alternations of black shales, cherty bands and mudstones with rare
intercalations of coarser sediment. The total thickness of these divisions of
the Silurian system in the Moffat region does not exceed 300 feet, and when
traced northwest to the limit of the tableland they are represented in the
Girvan region by upwards of 5000 feet of strata (see general Table of
Silurian rocks, pp. 424, 425). These lateral variations may thus be briefly
summarised. Northwards from the central Moffat area the Birkhill shales
are gradually replaced by coarser sediments, till along the northern margin
of the Tarannon belt they are represented by grits, greywackes, and shales
with thin carbonaceous seams yielding dwarfed representatives of Lower
Birkhill graptolites. In like manner in the northern area, the Hartfell
black shales undergo a similar change, and their characteristic graptolites
appear, either in thin black seams interleaved in flaggy shales, or in dark
sandy shales. The barren mudstones of the central Moffat region are
represented in the Leadhills region by grey and blue micaceous shales
(Lowther shales), 'grey wackes and grits, with lenticular masses of limestone,
which at Wrae and Glencotho are associated with volcanic rocks. Similarly

M

the Glenkiln shales lose their normal lithological characters in the northern
belt, and their characteristic graptolites are found in thin dark seams in
sandy shales, interbedded with greywackes and shales.

In the Girvan region these lateral modifications of the strata are more
strongly marked, as shown by Professor Lapworth, for the Moffat series is
there represented by a vast thickness of conglomerates, grits, greywackes,
flagstones, shales, mudstones and limestones (Barr series, Ardmillan series,
Newlands series of Lapworth, see p. 429). To the north of the valley of the

404 THE GEOLOGY OF

Stinchar, in the Girvan and Ballantrae region, the foregoing divisions of the
Silurian system rest unconformably on an eroded platform of Arenig volcanic
rocks. South of the Stinchar valley this unconformability disappears, and
the sequence resembles that found in the western part of the northern belt.
In view of the fossil evidence it has been inferred that this break in the
geological record north of the Stinchar valley took place in Upper Llandeilo
time. The order of succession and subdivisions of the fossiliferous rocks of
Girvan, ranging from the close of the Llandeilo period to Wenlock time, are
given in the sequel (p. 429).

Along the southern margin of the tableland and beyond the limits of the
Clyde territory the Tarannon rocks of the central belt pass conformably
upwards into Wenlock and Ludlow strata.

North of the Silurian tableland and within the area occupied by the Old
Red Sandstone, various inliers of Upper Silurian rocks are exposed, which
have long been familiar to geologists from the discovery of eurypterids
in the strata in Logan Water by the late Dr. Slimon of Lesmahagow.
Recently fresh interest has been imparted to the study of these inliers by
the remarkable fish-fauna obtained from the Ludlow and Downtonian
strata. The Upper Ludlow rocks of the Lesmahagow inlier have yielded
phyllocarid crustaceans and eurypterids in excellent preservation, together
with the remains of a scorpion, a myriapod, two species of fishes (Thelodus}^
and other organisms.

Next in order there is a group of red and yellow sandstones, conglomerates,
shales, and mudstones, forming passage-beds between the underlying
Ludlow strata and the overlying Old Red Sandstone, resembling the
Downton rocks of Shropshire. The shales and mudstones intercalated in
this series have yielded an assemblage of organic remains, in some respects
identical with that of the underlying Ludlow rocks, including ostracods,
phyllocarid crustaceans, eurypterids, and fishes. The researches of Dr.
Traquair have shown the great biological and palaeontological value of this
fish-fauna. The discovery of these organic remains in the passage-beds has
led to a change in the classification of these rocks by the Geological Survey.
Though formerly grouped with the Old Red Sandstone, they are now
regarded as forming the highest subdivision of the Silurian system in the
south of Scotland. The band of greywacke-conglomerate which is traceable
from the Pentland Hills into Ayrshire, save in certain parts of Lanarkshire,
is now regarded as the base line of the Lower Old Red Sandstone. For
it is not till we reach the horizon of this greywacke-conglomerate that
evidence is found of the predominance of materials which have been derived
from the Silurian tableland.

In the northwest part of the tableland the Silurian strata are pierced by
various plutonic rocks, of which the largest is the granite mass stretching
from Loch Doon to Loch Dee. According to Mr. Teall this mass includes
various petrological types, as, for example, granitite, hornblende-granitite,
quartz-augite-biotite-diorite, and quartz-biotite-hyperite.

Towards the close of Downtonian time the Silurian strata of the south of
Scotland were elevated and subjected to prolonged denudation, for we find,
both in Ayrshire and in the Pentland Hills, the basal conglomerates of the
Lower Old Red Sandstone resting unconformably on the folded and eroded
edges of the Silurian rocks. In Lanarkshire, however, there seems to be a
passage from the one formation to the other. At that period also, the
crystalline schists of the Highlands must have formed a prominent land
barrier towards the north before the deposition of the Lower Old Red
Sandstone sediments.

The various divisions of the Old Red Sandstone as developed in the Clyde
territory are represented in the following table :

fc

o

EH

Q

PH
Q

Lower. \

THE CLYDE TERRITORY. 405

jy f Band of cornstone near the top.

pper. ^jje(j san(Jstones and conglomerates.

Unconformability.

3. Sandstones, grits, and conglomerates with pebbles of

andesite.
2. Contemporaneous volcanic rocks (andesites and tuffs) with

thin intercalations of sandstones and conglomerates near

the top.
1, Chocolate-coloured sandstones writh Cephalaspis Lyelli and

conglomeratic bands, with greywacke-conglomerate at

the base.

Lower Division. On the south side of the great midland valley, and along
the margin of the Silurian tableland there is an important development of
the lower division of the Old Red Sandstone. On the south side of the
Girvan valley, the members of group 1 rest unconformably on an eroded
platform of Silurian rocks, and on the north side of the same valley they
reappear, and are largely developed near Maybole and Kirkoswald, passing
northwards underneath the overlying volcanic series (group 2 in table) which
extends north by Dunure Castle to near the Heads of Ayr. In Lanarkshire
the Lower Old Red Sandstone is let down against the Silurian strata by the
great fault wThich skirts the tableland. The red sandstones and con-
glomerates (group 1 in the table) are well seen in the gorge of the
River Clyde at Lanark, whence they stretch westwards by Lesmahagow to
near Darvel in Ayrshire, where they pass underneath the overlying volcanic
series (group 2). The volcanic group is also exposed on the slopes
of Tinto, and can be traced westwards to near Douglas, reappearing in the
Duneaton Water to the west of the Douglas coalfield. Along their south-
east margin the lavas and tuffs pass upwards into the members of the over-
lying beds (group 3). Indeed between the Duneaton Water and the Clyde at
Lamington the beds forming the highest division of the Lower Old Red
Sandstone lie in a synclinal fold of the volcanic series (group 2). Grits and
yellow sandstones occurring at the base pass upwards into massive con-
glomerates, and these are overlaid in turn by chocolate-coloured sandstones.
These beds furnish evidence of the cessation of volcanic activity, for the
sandstones are largely composed of volcanic detritus, and the pebbles in the
massive conglomerates consist mainly of andesite.

The Lower Old Red Sandstone strata in Lanarkshire and Ayrshire are
traversed by various basic and acid eruptive rocks. Near the head- waters of
the Avon, southeast of Darvel in Ayrshire, a small mass of granite occurs,
containing petrological types, which, according to Dr. Flett, resemble those
met with in the Loch Doon granite, both masses being presumably of the
same age. Numerous sills of acid material have been injected, mainly along
the lines of bedding of the lower red sandstones, of which the massive
sheet of quartz-felsite on the crest of Tinto are a conspicuous example.

On the north side of the midland valley the members of the Lower Old
Red Sandstone can be traced from the Forth above Stirling, west by Dry men,
to a point on the Firth of Clyde, near Cardross. In the eastern part of this
area the strata are arranged in a great synclinal fold, the central axis of
which coincides with a line drawn from Flanders Moss, in the valley of the
Forth, to near Drymen. The strata forming this syncline belong to the
highest division of the Lower Old Red Sandstone (group 3), for on the
southeast side the volcanic series (group 2) rises from underneath these
sandstones in the Ochil Hills, where the lavas, tuffs, and agglomerates
reach their greatest development in Scotland. On the north side of this

40G THE GEOLOGY OF

great syncline a representative of the volcanic series is found near Aberfoyle
close to the great Highland fault. Here a band of andesite appears, overlaid
by massive conglomerates and sandstones which are highly inclined or
vertical. Southwards the angle of inclination decreases, and the strata have
a gentle dip on both sides of the synclinal axis, where they consist of grey
sandstones, which yielded to Mr. R. L. Jack plant-remains, regarded by
Mr. Kidston as specimens of Arthrostigma (Dawson).

Representatives of the Lower Old Red Sandstone likewise occur in Arran
to the east and south of the granite area. In the latter district Mr. Gunn
recently detected the volcanic zone in association with the sandstones. The
Lower division is largely developed in the extreme southeast of Kintyre
between Campbeltown and Southend, where the sandstones are accompanied
by trappean conglomerates and pierced by necks of volcanic agglomerate.

Upper Division. At the close of the Lower Old fled Sandstone period
important geographical changes again ensued, for everywhere there is a
marked unconforniability between the upper division of this system and
older formations. The vast accumulation of deposits, both sedimentary and
volcanic, of the lower division was elevated, folded, and subjected to pro-
longed denudation. Indeed, in some instances, the old Silurian tableland
was trenched by narrow valleys, as in the far northeast in the Lammer-
muirs. Subsidence again ensued, but as vet the marine fauna of the

O ' v

Carboniferous period was excluded from the area of sedimentation. Though
the Upper Old Red Sandstone rests everywhere unconformably on older
formations, it graduates upwards into the Carboniferous rocks. Indeed it
was at one time regarded as forming a lower subdivision of the Calciferous
Sandstone. Lithologically the red sandstones of the upper division resemble
those of the lower, and they likewise yield land-plants and fishes. The fish-
fauna, however, is wholly different from that met with in the Caledonian or
lower division, one of the most characteristic forms being Holoptychius
nobilissvmus.

In Upper Clydesdale the Upper Old Red Sandstone extends from Hynd-
ford Bridge on the Clyde, east by Carnwath, to Dunsyre Hill, being a
continuation of the Cairn Hill sandstones of the Pentland chain. In Ayr-
shire it is traceable from the shore at the Heads of Ayr, in a southeasterly
direction, — lapping round the Lower Old Red volcanic rocks, and underlying
red sandstones, — to Blairquhan in the Girvan Valley. There the cornstone
near the top of this division is well seen in the Lannielane quarries, south
of Kilkerran Castle. Again to the north of the Campsie and Kilpatrick
Hills a narrow belt of these red sandstones can be traced from Kippen, by
Killearn, to the Firth of Clyde near Cardross. Here there is additional
evidence of the marked unconformability between the two divisions of the
system, for the upper red sandstones dip to the southeast, and the lower
are inclined to the northwest. The cornstone near the top of this series
has been traced at intervals along the north side of the Campsie Fells, and
has been worked for lime between Balfron and Gargunnock. On the shores
of the Firth of Clyde the Upper Old Red Sandstone is traceable from
Wemyss Bay, southwards by Largs and Fairlie, to Ardrossan. On the pro-
montory at Rosneath, at Toward Point, and again in the island of Bute, it is
faulted against the crystalline schists of the Highlands. These red sand-
stones likewise occur in Arran, both to the east and south of the main
granite mass, and likewise in Kintyre to the southwest of Campbeltown,
and on the west coast near Cleongart.

The Carboniferous formation is largely developed in the West of Scotland
where it occupies the greater part of the Central Lowlands, extending west-
wards to the shores of the Clyde, and southwards to Dalmellington in the
County of Ayr. There is sufficient evidence for maintaining, however, that
originally it must have covered a much wider area, for though the Silurian

THE CLYDE TERRITORY.

407

tableland may have formed a land-barrier during the beginning of the
period, yet as it advanced portions of the tableland were submerged and
buried underneath these deposits.

The various divisions of the Carboniferous system as developed in the
West of Scotland are given in the following table :

'2. Red sandstones, shales, fireclays, and
marls, with no workable coal-seams.
1. Numerous valuable coal-seams and

03

t=

o

O

»

es

<J

O

Coal-nieasures.

Upper J
Carboniferous. \

Millstone
Grit.

Lower
Carboniferous.!

Carboniferous

Limestone

Series.

ironstones, white and grey sand-
stones, dark shales and fireclays.

f Coarse grits and sandstones, with thick
beds of fireclay, and occasional thin
coals, ironstones, and thin limestones.

Upper group of three or more lime-
stones, with sandstones, shales, and
thin coals, including the Castlecary,

^D •/ J

Calmy, and Index limestones
descending order.
Middle group, with several

in

2.

&roup, with several workable
coal-seams and ironstones, sandstones
and shales, but no limestones.
1. Lower group, with several beds of
limestone, sandstones, shales, coals,
and ironstones. At or near the base
lies the Hurlet limestone.

Calciferous

Sandstone

Series.

f

Blue, grey,

green,

and red clays, marls,

shales, and sandstones, with cement-
stone bands. (Ballagan series.)

Reference has already been made to the gradual passage from the Upper
Old Red Sandstone deposits to the Cement-stone group at the base of the
Carboniferous system in the West of Scotland. But evidence will be
adduced to show that in certain areas there is a strong overlap of the
succeeding deposits, for the Calciferous Sandstones, Carboniferous Lime-
stones, and even the Coal-measures, each in turn rest directly on older
rocks.

The Cement-stone group in the West of Scotland presents uniform litho-
logical characters ; the beds consisting of variegated clays, marls, shales, and
sandstones, with cement-stone bands which are well exposed in Ballagan Glen
near Strathblane. They are comparatively unfossiliferous, but they yield
occasionally plant-remains, entomostraca, and fish-scales. Along the north
and west sides of the Campsie Fells they are overlaid by white sandstones,
and fine tuffs which herald the great outburst of volcanic activity during
the Calciferous Sandstone period in Scotland. Indeed this development of
volcanic energy rivals in importance the volcanic phase of the Lower division
of the Old Red Sandstone. Sir A. Geikie in his recent work on "The
Ancient Volcanoes of Britain ;j has depicted the extent of these plateau-
eruptions and described the various petrological types which they include.
The lavas comprise olivine-basalts, andesites, and trachytes, which are
associated with pyroclastic materials. A noteworthy feature is the number
of necks or vents — now filled with agglomerates or massive igneous rocks —
from which the volcanic materials may have been discharged, as for example
near Strathblane, Fintry, and in Renfrewshire. In the Clyde territory these
plateau-eruptions give rise to striking features in the landscape. They form
the Campsie Fells, where the terraced appearance of the lava-flows is well

408 THE GEOLOGY OF

displayed, and stretch westwards by the Kilpatrick Hills to the Clyde at
Bowling. On the south side of the estuary, they are traceable from Bishop-
ton to the hills behind Gourock, thence they extend southeastwards for a
distance of thirty miles to Strathavon, where they form a gentle anticlinal
fold between the Carboniferous basins of Lanarkshire and Ayrshire. On
the east side of the Firth of Clyde they stretch from Gourock by Largs to
Ardrossan, they appear in Bute and the Cumbraes, they underlie the Hurlet
limestone at Corrie in Arran, and they are well developed to the southwest
of Campbeltown, where they rest directly on the sandstones and cornstones
of the Upper Old Red Sandstone. Sir A. Geikie has called attention to the
thickening and thinning of the lavas in different directions, which has been
proved by the detailed mapping of the Geological Survey. For while the
plateau-eruptions reach a thickness of 3000 feet in the Kilpatrick Hills they
gradually thin away eastwards and disappear east of Stirling.

Though in the neighbourhood of the Campsie and Kilpatrick Hills, and
again between Greenock and Ardrossan, the Lower Carboniferous volcanic
rocks rest on the Cement-stone series, yet where the volcanoes remained
active for a long course of time this subdivision is sparingly developed.
Occasionally there are intercalations of sedimentry material, as, for instance,
near Eaglesham, where Professor James Geikie mapped sandstones, shales,
clay-ironstones, and impure limestones with Productus giganteus, which are
intercalated in tuffs. Plant-remains are frequently entombed in the tuffs,
as, for instance, on the east coast of Arran — a locality discovered by the late
Mr. Wu'nsch — and they sometimes form thin seams of coal in the volcanic
series, as near Bowling, described by the late Dr. John Young.

Near the top of the volcanic series there is a gradual passage through
fine tuffs, which contain much sedimentarv material, into the basement beds

-.y*..

of the Carboniferous Limestone series. This passage has been traced round
the north portion of the Ayrshire field near Kilbirnie, and from Beith to
Stewarton ; again near Eaglesham in Renfrewshire, and at the foot of the
Campsie Fells, west of Kilsyth. It is thus obvious that the Lower Carboni-
ferous volcanoes, in certain poitions of the Clyde area, must have remained
active during the greater part of the Calciferous Sandstone period. Such
prolonged volcanic activity accounts in great measure for the absence in the
West of Scotland of the upper or oil-shale group of the Calciferous Sandstone
series met with in the basin of the Forth. The latter possesses different
lithological characters from those of the Cement-stone group, for they consist
of oil-shales, blue and black shales, clay-ironstones, estuarine and marine lime-
stones, yellow sandstones, and occasional seams of coal. Recently fine sec-
tions of the Cement-stone group have been exposed in artificial openings in the
old part of Edinburgh, where they pass underneath the volcanic rocks of
Arthur's Seat — the equivalents of the Renfrewshire volcanic series — these
in turn being overlaid by the oil-shale group of the Lothians. The mem-
bers of the latter group, so well developed in Midlothian and Linlith-
gowshire, are traceable southwestwards as far as Auchengray near the
east boundary of Lanarkshire, but their occurrence has not been proved
to the west of that locality.

The triple classification of the Carboniferous Limestones series (see
Table, p. 407) is well represented in the Clyde territory. This division forms
a belt of variable width surrounding the great Lanarkshire coal-field on
the north, west, and south sides. Frequently the strata are faulted against
the underlying volcanic series, as along the southern slope of the Campsie
Fells. The Hurlet limestone is the lowest limestone of the series, and is one
of the most persistent bands. In the Carluke district the lowest group
contains from twelve to fifteen beds of limestone, but the two best
known seams in it are the Hurlet and the Hosie limestones. The
middle group contains several workable coal-seams, of which the Lesma-

THE CLYDE TERRITORY. 409

hagow gas-coal is one of the important seams, and in the lower portion of
this group there are valuable bands of ironstone. The upper group com-
prises three beds of limestone, the lowest being the Index — so named
because it overlies the valuable coal-bearing subdivision of the Carboni-
ferous Limestone, the middle being the Calrny, and the upper the Gair or
Castlecary band. The same subdivisions are represented in the Ayrshire
field, with this important modification, that the lowest or Hurlet limestone
has an exceptional development near Beith, where it is about 100 feet
thick, and is richly charged with marine organisms. In the northern parts
of the same basin, at Dairy, evidence has been obtained of the existence
of buried volcanoes, filled with tuff, which Sir A. Geikie assigns to the
period of puy-eruptions that followed the volcanic phase of the Calciferoua
Sandstone period. He states that in one pit upwards of 115 fathoms of tuff
were passed through before the position of the blackband ironstone in
that portion of the field was reached by driving levels through the tuff
into the adjoining strata. The tuff occurs in patches between which the
blackband ironstone is workable. It is evident that volcanic cones must
there have been locally developed during the deposition of the ironstone,
and that these were eventually buried by higher deposits of the Carboni-
ferous Limestone series.

The Carboniferous Limestone series with the group of workable coals,
occurs in various small isolated basins, as, for instance, in the Douglas field
in South Lanarkshire, at Dailly in Ayrshire, and to the west of Campbel-
town in Kin tyre. Representatives of this series, with its three subdivisions,
are met with on the east coast of Arran between Brodick and the Cock of
Arran, but the coal-seams there appear in an attenuated form and are not
now worked.

The series of deposits just described points to a succession of marine con-
ditions, to the existence of shallow lagoons and mud-flats, and of laiicl-
surfaces. It is evident that during the Carboniferous Limestone period the
land was steadily subsiding with long intervals of repose, and this irregular
subsidence of the land produced overlaps of the strata. For example, the
Upper Old Red Sandstone of the Pentland Hills, when traced west-
wards, is overlapped by the Calciferous Sandstone, and still further
west, near Lesmahagow, the Cement-stone group is in turn overlapped
by the Carboniferous Limestone series, which there rests unconformably
on the Lower Old Red Sandstone along the south margin of the
Lanarkshire field. Similar evidence is obtained in the south part of the
Douglas basin, where the Carboniferous Limestone transgresses the Cement-
stone group, and reposes on the Lower Old Red Sandstone. Further proof
of the southward extension of the Carboniferous rocks and of overlap is
found south of Tinto Hill in Lanarkshire, where, in a small outlier, the
Calciferous Sandstone disappears, and the Hurlet limestone rests directly on
the Lower Old Red Sandstone. Again, between Dalmellington and New Cum-
nock conglomerates are associated with the Carboniferous Limestone in such
a way as to point to an overlap of that series on to the Old Red Sandstone.

Throughout the Lanarkshire field the Carboniferous Limestone is over-
laid by the Millstone Grit series, which consists of massive, white, yellow or
red sandstones associated with thin coal-seams, thin limestones, ironstones,
and valuable fireclays. In the south part of the basin, where it is of con-
siderable thickness, it occurs to the northeast of Carluke and north of
Auchenheath, while in the north part of the basin the fireclays are worked at
Glenboig, Gartcosh, and Garnkirk. In the Ayrshire basin the Millstone
Grit is absent, at least in some parts of the field, for the Coal-measures rest
directly on the Carboniferous Limestone series. On this horizon, however,
an interesting band of volcanic rocks has been traced round the east and
north sides of the Coal-measures, which, according to Sir A. Geikie, seems

410 THE GEOLOGY OF

to mark the latest Carboniferous volcanoes. Where most fully developed,
these rocks consist of bedded basalts and tuffs, reaching a thickness of 60(>
feet. In the Geological Survey map (sheet 14) they form a conspicuous
feature, intervening between the Carboniferous Limestone and the Coal-
measures along the east side of the field near Kilmaurs, but they thin away and
appear as a narrow band between Kilwinning and the shore section at Salt-
coats. It is interesting to note that a band of fine tuff, occupying the same
horizon at the base of the Coal-measures, has recently been detected by Mr.
Gunn in Arran, and a similar band has been found in the strip of Carboni-
ferous rocks on the west side of Loch Ryan. No contemporaneous volcanic
rocks occur on this horizon in the Lanarkshire basin.

Though the massive sandstones of the Millstone Grit imply the accumula-
tion of coarse sediment near the land, still the shales, ironstones, and impure
limestones in this division have yielded plants, brachiopocls, crustaceans,
fishes and other organisms, pointing to the existence of marine conditions.

The Coal-measures overlying the Millstone Grit are divisible into two
groups, a lower, containing numerous valuable coal-seams, ironstones, fire-
clays, bituminous shales, sandy shales, and sandstones, and an upper group
of red sandstones, fireclays, marls, and thin coal-seams, resting, probably
with a slight unconformability, on the lower. The vertical section of the
Clyde coal-field, published by the Geological Survey, shows eleven coal-
seams and seven seams of ironstone in the lower group, in the central portion
of the basin. (" Explanation " of sheet 23, one-inch Geological Survey Map,
page 36.) Some of the seams rest on a bed of fireclay, representing the old
land-surface, while others have no underclay ; the latter may be due to the
drifting of vegetable matter. The red sandstone, group overlying the
valuable mineral field in Lanarkshire extends up the valley of the Clyde from
Cambuslang by Both well to Hamilton, being admirably seen in the quarries
near Uddingston. These two groups are represented in the Ayrshire field.
Quite recently Mr. Gunn has detected representatives of the Coal-measures
in Arran, in tributary branches of the Sliddery Water, which have yielded
two species of Carbonicola, and several species of fishes appearing to be
characteristic of the Upper Carboniferous formations in Scotland, together
with specimens of Lepidodendron Velt/ieimictJium, which, according to Mr.
Kidston, has never yet been found above the Carboniferous Limestone. The
shales, ironstones, and other sediments yielding these fossils are there
associated with fine tuffs, coarse volcanic ash, and lavas, to which reference
has already been made in connection with the volcanic zone at the base of
the Coal-measures in Ayrshire. (Summary of Progress, Geological Survey,
1897, page 113.) From the constant succession of coal-seams, ironstones,
sandstones, and shales throughout the Coal-measures it may be inferred that
land conditions alternated with slight submergence during the accumulation
of these deposits. That the irregular sinking of the Silurian tableland led to
overlaps during the Coal-measure period is conclusively proved in the
Sanquhar District, and near Loch Ryan. For in the former region both
the Calciferous Sandstone and the Carboniferous Limestone are overlapped,
and the Coal-measures rest unconforrnably on Silurian strata in the Sanquhar
basin. Again, on the west shore of Loch Ryan the shales occurring in the
strip of Carboniferous rocks, which there rest on the Silurian floor, have
yielded plants characteristic of the Coal-measures.

Reference must be made to the researches of Mr. Kidston, who, by means
of the plants, has pointed out the existence of a great palaeontological break
at the base of the Millstone Grit. A similar conclusion has been inde-
pendently arrived at by Dr. Traquair from an examination of the fishes.

Numerous dykes and sills pierce the Carboniferous strata of the Clyde
territory. The dykes, which may be referred to the period of the plateau -
eruptions of the Calciferous Sandstone period, consist mainly of trachyte or

THE CLYDE TERRITORY. 411

andesite, and others of diabase, basalt, or dolerite. The intrusive sheets of
that epoch likewise consist mainly of andesite or trachyte. Mr. Gunn has
observed that in Bute and the Cumbraes the dykes of trachyte, basalt and
dolerite sometimes pass into intrusive sheets. A prominent series of sills of
a more basic character is largely developed along the northern belt of the
Carboniferous Limestone series in the midland valley. These dolerite sills
occur at Kilbarchan, Johnstone, and Paisley, and they extend at intervals
from Milngavie by Kilsyth to Stirling, where one of these intrusive sheets
forms a conspicuous feature in the Castle Eock. These basic sills are linked
with the puy-eruptions of Carboniferous Limestone time by Sir A. Geikie.

In the Ayrshire basin of Carboniferous strata there is an oval-shaped area
of volcanic and sedimentary rocks which have been referred to the Permian
period. They rest on the upper or red sandstone group of the Coal-measures.
The margin of this Permian basin consists of sheets of lava and volcanic
tuffs, interstratified with brick-red sandstones, and these are overlaid by
false-bedded red sandstones. The lavas are well seen in the course of the
river Ayr above Ballochmyle, and the red sandstones in the large quarries
near Mauchline. Outside the Permian basin, numerous necks or vents,
filled with volcanic agglomerate, pierce the Coal-measures which have
been referred to this period of volcanic activity. Since the discovery of
Khaetic and Liassic fossils in Arran, which has led to the grouping of the
red sandstones in the south of Arran with the Triassic strata, it has been
suggested that the Mauchline sandstones may be of the same age.

The part of Arran lying to the south of a line drawn from Brodick to
Blackwaterfoot on the west coast is occupied by a great development of
false-bedded red sandstones, conglomerates and marls, which are now regarded
as of Triassic age. This correlation is based on the discovery of Rhaetic
fossils characteristic of the Avicula contorta-zone, and Lower Liassic fossils
in masses of shale, marl, limestone, and sandstones, which do not now occur
in place on the island. These portions of sedimentary strata are associated
with fragmental volcanic materials, and various intrusive igneous rocks
which now fill a great volcanic vent. Its site is about halfway between
Brodick Bay on the east and Machrie Bay on the west, and to the south of
the String Road which crosses the island from Brodick to Shiskine. This
discovery was made by Messrs. Peach, Gunn, and Macconochie, in the course
of the Geological Survey of that district. The occurrence of these sedi-
mentary masses, one of which is acres in extent, points to the former existence
in the Clyde area of Ehaetic and Lower Liassic strata which have now been
swept away. The detailed mapping of the island by Mr. Gunn has con-
clusively proved that the Triassic sandstones rest partly on the Coal-measures,
partly on the Carboniferous Limestone series, and partly on the Old Bed
Sandstone. Hence the apparent conformability is entirely deceptive. A
patch of these rocks occurs in the north of the island at the Cock of Arran
where the late Mr. James Thomson many years ago discovered pebbles with
Carboniferous Limestone fossils in the Triassic conglomerate, though at the
time he referred the conglomerate to the horizon of the Millstone Grit.

In addition to the Rhaetic and Liassic strata in the volcanic vent near
Shiskine, fragments of limestone and chert were found associated with the
agglomerate by the Geological Survey. The limestone has yielded fossils of
Cretaceous age, including Globigerina, Tertularict, Porosphaera globularis,
and Inoceramus, thus pointing to the existence of Cretaceous strata in the
Clyde area, which have been removed by denudation. It is obvious, there-
fore, that this vent is of post-Cretaceous age, and may with probability be
referred to the age of the necks of Tertiary time in Skye. This discovery
likewise furnishes valuable evidence in favour of referring the granite mass
in the north of Arran, and most of the intrusive, acid and basic igneous
rocks in that island to the Tertiary period.

412 THE GEOLOGY OF

In connection with this development of Tertiary igneous rocks in the
island, allusion must be made to the series of basalt and dolerite dykes so
largely developed in the Clyde area. They traverse all the geological
formations in the region and some pierce the Arran granite, facts which lend
support to the view that they belong to the grand outburst of volcanic
activity in Tertiary time in the West Highlands.

The phenomena connected with the glacial period in the Clyde terri-
tory are of special interest, owing to the extent and variety of the deposits.
There is evidence for maintaining that, during the period of maximum
glaciation, this area experienced a conflict between the ice which radiated from
the Highlands and from the Southern Uplands. The ice that radiated from
the AVest Highlands moved partly down the Firth of Clyde and partly
eastwards towards the Firth of Forth. The striae and the dispersal of the
stones in the drift prove that part of the ice-stream from the Highlands
invaded the Clyde basin and moved south east wards to Hamilton, where it
was met by the ice that descended from the higher grounds in Upper
Clydesdale. These two opposing ice-sheets were deflected eastwards to the
German Ocean and westwards across the Renfrewshire Hills towards the
Firth of Clyde. The ice from the Highlands also overflowed the low grounds
of Ayrshire and coalesced with the stream that moved northwards from the
hills of Galloway. No less interesting is the evidence furnished by the
glaciation of Kintyre. That peninsula was overridden by ice which moved
from the Firth of Clyde in a westerly direction — such deflection being due
probably to the influence of the ice that radiated from the north of Ireland.

A remarkable feature of the records of glacial time in the West of Scot-
land is the great thickness of the superficial accumulations, which in one
place in the Clyde basin reaches 357 feet. The numerous natural sections
reveal the existence of stratified deposits in association with Boulder-clay,
which is confirmed by evidence from bores. The data prove the occurrence
of more than one Boulder-clay separated by sands, gravels, and silts.
Professor James Geikie and the late Mr. Dugald Bell suggested that some of
these interstratified deposits may have been lacustrine — the lake having been
formed by the Loch Lomond glacier moving southwards across the Clyde at
Bowling towards the Kilbarchan Hills, and the waters escaping by Loch-
winnoch and Dairy to the Firth of Clyde. But apart from the evidence
supplied by the great depth of the superficial accumulations, there is clear
proof that the land must have stood relatively at a higher level in pre-glacial
time than it does now. Dr. Croll contended that the thickness of stratified
deposits found in the bores near New Kilpatrick in the valley of the Kelvin
indicated a pre-glacial channel of that river. If his suggestion be correct,
then the buried river-course must have entered the Clyde about 200 feet
below the present sea-level. This evidence is confirmed by the buried river-
channel that joins the Forth near Grangemouth about 260 feet below the
sea. Mr. Cadell of Grange has recently obtained similar evidence in the
case of the pre-glacial course of the river Almond, which must have entered
the Forth about 100 feet below sea-level.

Underneath a thick mass of Boulder- clay in Ayrshire, both at Woodhill
quarry near Kilmaurs, and at Drummuir near Dreghorn, stratified beds
occur, that have yielded elephant tusks, antlers of reindeer, arctic ostracods,
and f oraminifera, together with several species of plants, including Ranunculus
(tquatilis and Potamogeton. Mr. John Smith has traced over a wide tract in
Ayrshire and as far inland as the Guelh Water near Cumnock, a thick series of
inter-glacial sands and gravels up to a height of 900 feet. These are
associated with shelly pebbly clay, which he regards as of marine origin.
Again, from samples of Boulder-clay near Glasgow Mr. Joseph Wright
obtained a large number of foraminifera which were determined by him.
Further on the west coast of Kintyre, at Cleongart, dark silt or clay with

THE CLYDE TERRITORY. 413

marine shells is overlain by 76 feet of Boulder-clay at a level of about 180
feet above the sea. In the basin of the Endrick draining into Loch Lomond,
Mr. R. L. Jack mapped shelly Boulder-clay up to a level of 320 feet. He
considered that the fragments of marine shells in the Boulder-clay had been
derived from a pre-existing inter-glacial deposit, formed when the sea stood
about 100 feet above its present level.

Among the most interesting records of glacial time in the West of Scot-
land are the Arctic shell-beds of the Firth of Clyde. They have been
investigated and exhaustively described by Dr. Eobertson, Dr. Crosskey, and
Mr. James Bennie, whose researches have proved the Arctic character of the
fauna found in the marine clays. These deposits belong to the period of the
100-feet beach, though owing to denudation they occur now at lower levels.
The younger Raised Beaches at 50-feet and 25-feet levels are well developed
in the basin of the Clyde. From the deposits of the 25-feet terrace canoes
have been exhumed which point to the existence of neolithic man along
the shores of the estuary in post-glacial time.

THE CRYSTALLINE SCHISTS OF THE HIGHLANDS.

BY PETER MACNAIR.

THE area occupied by the metamorphic rocks about to be described may
be defined as that lying immediately N. of the great boundary fault
which, crossing Scotland from shore to shore, with a N.E. and S.W. trend,
divides the Highlands from the Lowlands geographically, and the Crystalline
Schists from the Old Red Sandstone geologically. The position of this great
line of demarcation has been more or less accurately fixed. It can be traced
through Arran and Bute, thence from near Toward Castle to Innellau, and
across the eastern point of Rosneath peninsula, and by Helensburgh across
Loch Lomond northeastwards by way of Balmaha, Aberfoyle, Callander,
and Comrie.

The valley of the Clyde proper after traversing the Silurian rocks of the
Southern Uplands and the later palaeozoic rocks of the midland valley
eventually abuts against the great wall of crystalline schists forming the
frontier Highlands near Helensburgh, where the Gareloch runs northwest-
wards into them. Further on, Loch Long, Loch Goil, the Holy Loch, Loch
Striven, Loch Fyne, and other sea-lochs trench deeply into the crystalline
schists, exposing along their shores numerous sections of great value in
unravelling the structure of this region.

Above Helensburgh the Clyde receives at Dumbarton the waters of Loch
Lomond, which drains part of the Highland area, and is the most easterly
drainage system falling into the Clyde valley from the crystalline schists
of the Highlands. It will, however, be well here to include the ground
further east as far as Loch Tay, as the rocks there still occupy their normal
positions, whereas along the Firth of Clyde, owing to a succession of earth-
movements, the original sequence has been obscured and their physical
structure complicated.

As it is impossible to speak with certainty as to the physical structure,
succession, or age, of the rocks forming the southern or marginal Highlands,
it may be well to briefly sketch the history of opinion concerning them.
In 18i9 Macculloch l pointed out for the first time the opposite directions of
the dips in the schists of Cantyre, where the beds of micaceous schist on the
eastern shore have an eastern dip, while those on the opposite side dip west-
wards. Murchison 2 also at a later period refers to an anticlinal fold at
Loch Eck. In 1860 Jamieson3 described in more detail the anticlinal axis
observed by Macculloch and Murchison, correlating the argillaceous series of
Bute with that of Loch Fyne, which he states arches over into an anticlinal
axis, the more arenaceous rocks of Cowal forming the core of the anticline at

i "Western Islands of Scotland," Macculloch, 1819, vol. ii., p. 288.
'2 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. vii., p. 169.

3 " The Geological Structure of the Southwest Highlands," Quart. Journ. Geil. Soc.,
1860, vol. xvii., p. 133.

THE CRYSTALLINE SCHISTS OF THE HIGHLANDS. 415

Ben Capuill near Tighnabruaich. This he believed to be a true anticline
of the bedding. The altered basic rocks he calls greenstones and points out
their intrusive origin.

In 1861 Murchison and Geikie 1 described certain sections along the margin
of the southern Grampians with reference to the supposed succession of the
rocks in northwest Sutherlandshire. They believed that the southern and
central Highlands were overlaid by a great series of quartzites, limestones,
and schists, the representatives of those in the northwest, and that they
always bore the same relative position to one another, namely the quartzites
at the base, followed by limestones, and the whole overlaid by the schists sup-
posed to be of Silurian age. In another paper about the same date these authors
maintained, in opposition to the views advanced by Sharpe, that the foliation
of the Highland rocks generally coincided with or followed the original
planes of sedimentary deposition. In the same year similar views to these
were advanced by Harkness2 as to the rocks south of the Caledonian Canal.

In 1863 the next contribution to the study of these rocks appeared from
the pen of James Nicol,3 and was, in many respects, as I have elsewhere
pointed out, the most far-seeing paper which has ever been written on the
subject. He entirely discarded the hypothetical views of Murchison, Geikie,
and Harkness. Taking a series of sections across the Highland frontier he
noted the occurrence in them all of a regular order of clay-slates, grits, grey-
wackes, and quartzites. He also remarked the reversal of dip from S.E. to
N.W. as he proceeded from west to east across the Highland frontier, and
arrived at the conclusion that the slates along the Firth of Clyde were in
their normal position overlying the schists of the interior, w^hereas these
further east as in Perthshire, with a N.E. .dip and thus apparently under-
lying the schists of the interior, did not really do so, their position being
really due to a reversal of the beds. This reading is, however, apparently
incorrect, the Perthshire slates being really in their normal position, while
they are reversed along the Firth of Clyde. Nicol also pointed out the
existence of a highly contorted belt on both sides of Loch Long, and strenu-
ously maintained that the central Highland quartzites belonged to a horizon
higher than the schists further south, and did not underlie them as had been
maintained by Murchison and Geikie.

In 1891, in a Presidential Address to the Geological Society, Sir A. Geikie 4
gave a table of the Highland rocks, the work of the Geological Survey, and
placed the Central Highland quartzite at the top, and the phyllites and grey-
wackes of the Pass of Leny at the base of the series. Independently a
similar succession was advocated the same year by Henry Coates and the
author of this paper. In 1896 the author5 arranged the clastic rocks of the
Highlands iii descending order as follows : — Upper Arenaceous zone, Upper
Argillaceous zone, Middle Arenaceous zone, Loch Tay Limestone zone, Lower
Arenaceous zone, and Lower Argillaceous zone. The principal lithological
features and geographical position of each zone was first given, then a series of
sections illustrative of their succession and physical structure in Highland
Perthshire, and it was pointed out that along the shores of the Firth of Clyde
the zones forming the frontier Highlands have been bent into a deep
synclinal fold with a reversal of dip.

In 1897, in a Memoir upon the Geology of Cowal,6 published by the
Geological Survey, a series of schist-zones, beginning at the great boundary

1 "The Altered Rocks of the Western Islands of Scotland and the Northwestern and
Central Highlands," Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1861, vol. xvii., p. 171.
-Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1861, vol. xvii., p. 256.
* Ibid., 1863, vol. xix., p. 180.
*Ibid., 1891, vol. xlvii., p. 74.

5 Geological Magazine, 1896, vol. iii., p. 167 and p. 211.
6 "Geology of Cowal," Mem. Geol. Survey, 1897.

416 THE CRYSTALLINE SCHISTS

fault and traversing that region in a northeast and southwest direction, are
described. The existence of the anticline first noticed by Macculloch and
Murchison and then in detail by Jamieson, as an anticline of the bedding,
is recognised, with this important difference, that it is looked upon as a
great arch of foliation, and not of bedding as maintained by the earlier
geologists. From a comparison of the different schist-zones on each side of
the anticline of foliation the conclusion is arrived at that it cannot be also an
anticline of the bedding, but that probably it is an original syncline of
bedding traversed by an anticline of foliation ; a reversion to the view
originally maintained by Sharpe — that the folds of the foliation in the
Scottish Highlands were entirely independent of the bedding.

In 1897 the writer1 further developed the views he had already published
in the Geological Magazine. The Argillaceous zone along the Highland
frontier is the oldest of the schist-zones, and is in its normal position in
Perthshire. Westwards, however, towards the Clyde its position becomes
steeper and steeper, till in the area of the Firth it becomes reversed, having
been pushed backwards and inwards upon the main mass of the Central
Highlands. In a series of papers lately contributed to the Geological Society
of Glasgow,2 the writer has again more fully expressed his views regarding
the structure and succession of the schists of the Southern Highlands as
summarized in the following pages.

It has long been recognised that the metamorphic rocks of the Highlands
traverse that area in bands or zones having a general N.E. and S.W. trend
roughly parallel with the great boundary fault. The Lower Argillaceous
zone abuts against the younger Old Red Sandstone rocks to the south, but
separated from it by the boundary fault. Outcropping at the base of the schist-
series of the southern Highlands it stretches across the frontier Highlands
from sea to sea. In Perthshire it may be seen at Birnam, Logiealmond,
Comrie, Callander, and Aberfoyle ; in Dumbartonshire at Luss, Row, and
Cove ; and in Argyllshire at Kirn and Dunoon, crossing the Toward
peninsula to Loch Striven, whence it can be traced through Bute from
Kames Bay to Ettrick Bay.

The principal rocks of this zone are variously coloured phyllites, including
black, blue, purple, grey, green, and buff, with intercalated bands of grit,
greywacke, and thin limestones, and they frequently show a finely banded
structure referable to their original bedding. Differences of texture may
also be observed, more or less gritty bands being often inter-laminated with
bands of extremely fine material. Some of these grit bands attain a con-
siderable thickness, such as the Leny and Aberfoyle grits, and the Bull Rock
greywacke. Towards the east, as at Birnam, Logiealmond, Comrie, and
Callander, this zone of argillaceous rocks is not so highly metamorphosed as
on the Firth of Clyde, having more the appearance of a clay-slate. In many
instances, as in the quarries at Logiealmond, Aberuchill, and the foot of Loch
Lubnaig, the bedding is distinctly folded, the folds being crossed by planes
of cleavage. Rarely, however, can any folding or crumpling in the cleavage-
planes themselves be detected so that the rocks might here be more fitly
called clay-slates than phyllites. Towards the Firth of Clyde there is an
increasing development of mica along the cleavage-planes, and at Dunoon
there is evidence of more intense metamorphism, secondary foliation-planes
being developed, while the cleavage is often violently twisted or folded and
the folds crossed by ausweichung or strain-slip.

One of the most interesting features in the Lower Argillaceous zone is the
evidence it affords of the behaviour of these beds during the process of plication
and crushing. An examination of the arenaceous beds with which these

1 Trans. Perth. Soc. Nat. Science, vol. ii., 1897, p. 166.

2 Trans. Geol. Soc. of Glasgow, vol. xi., part 2, 1900, p. 273.

OF THE HIGHLANDS. 417

phyllites have been interstratified, and of the Arenaceous zone which succeeds
them to the north, generally reveals the planes of foliation and shear to be
roughly coincident with the bedding, though there are numerous exceptions.
In many places, such as in the Dunoon section, the foliation-planes in the
phyllites have been themselves folded, and that oftener than once. This
structure is only explicable on the supposition that the argillaceous beds
must have been driven en masse between the more massive arenaceous beds
with which they were interstratified, the latter having simply a rough foliation
developed along their original bedding-planes, while the argillaceous beds
were twisted into innumerable folds with a much more perfect foliation.

Immediately N.W. of this Lower Argillaceous zone another broad band of
rocks, with a more or less developed foliation occurs. Because of the
predominance in it of coarsely fragmental materials it is here termed the
Lower Arenaceous zone, varying from exceedingly fine-grained light and dark
greywackes to massive grits with pebbles often an inch in diameter. These
pebbles generally consist of quartz or felspar set in a finely comminuted
felspathic matrix.

Associated with these rocks occurs a group known as "the green beds"
because of their marked greenish colour. They generally show a more or
less well-developed schistose structure and are characterised by the presence
of granular epidote, chlorite, and dark green or brown biotite. That they
are of fragmental origin seems undoubted, but the conditions under which
they were originally deposited are uncertain. When first mapped by the
officers of the Survey they were supposed to be of pyroclastic origin, the
green colouring matter being looked upon as similar to the fine dust of
volcanic tuff, but the complete absence of interbedded lava-flows, or of any
pebbles referable to igneous rock, throws doubt upon such an origin. Like
the phyllites they immediately succeed they exhibit a gradually increasing
metamorphism from east to west, the grits and greywackes becoming more
highly schistose.

Geographically this Lower Arenaceous zone may be traced from St.
Fillans, in Perthshire, through Ben Vorlich, Ben Ledi, and Ben Venue,
giving rise to the characteristic scenery of the Trossachs ; thence along the
shores of Loch Lomond below Rowardennan and Inverbeg into Cowal, where
it may be seen at the head of the Gareloch, and along Loch Eck, where
it gives rise to a peculiarly rugged type of scenery.

Above the group just described occurs one of the best marked zones of all
the schists seen in the southern Highlands, that known as the Loch Tay
limestone, the typical rock of which is a crystalline, black, grey, or mottled
limestone, generally showing distinct crystals of calcite. With it are associated
beds of calcareous mica-schist which often appear to split the limestone up into
several bands. It is well exposed along the shores of Loch Tay, and can be
traced westwards along Glen Dochart to near Crianlarich, and thence into
Argyllshire at Ballimore, near Strachur, in Glendaruel, and near Kilfinan.
Upon this horizon occur massive beds of sheared basic rocks which accompany
the limestone in a remarkable manner from E. to W. across the whole of the
southern Highlands.

Above this zone comes a band of mica-schists and quartz-schists character-
ised by the abundance of their garnets, sometimes in such quantities as to
form the larger bulk of the rock. This group which has been named the
garnetiferous schist-zone, forms a tolerably well-marked horizon immediately
above the Loch Tay limestone, and can be traced along the mountains N.
of Loch Tay into Glen Dochart, and thence into Argyllshire, where it
accompanies the limestone which it apparently overlies.

A well-marked group of phyllites, schistose-quartzites, and graphite-
schists, the Upper Argillaceous zone succeed this. Like those of the Lower
Argillaceous zone, the rocks of this zone seem to have been driven between

2D

418

THE CRYSTALLINE SCHISTS

the more massive beds, and to have suffered intense metamorphism, the
foliation-planes having been folded and twisted to an almost inconceivable
extent. This is well seen in the mountains N. of Loch Taj and along
Loch Fyne. Geographically this zone may be traced through the summits of
Ben Lawers, Craig Na Calliach, and on to the high ground separating Glen
Lochy and Glen Dochart. At Tyndrum it is faulted against the central
Highland quartzites, whence it runs N.E. towards Loch Lyon, and it is also
well exposed along both the E. and W. shores of Loch Fyne.

Succeeding the Upper Argillaceous zone and covering a great "part of the
central Highlands there is a group of quartzites and limestones here
named the Upper Arenaceous zone, because of the predominance in it of
the quartzites. It can be seen in the neighbourhood of Blair Atholl, the
limestones being well exposed in Glen Tilt, whence they can be traced
westwards through Schiehallion, Glen Lyon, the Black Mount, and Dalmally,
to the shores of Loch Awe.

Associated with these different zones are other schists which have origin-
ally been intruded into the sedimentary schists as sills of igneous rock,
prior to the general metamorphism of the region. These have suffered along
with the clastic rocks, and are now known as epidiorites and hornblende
schists. A remarkable development of them is to be found along the horizon
of the Loch Tay limestone, and in the schists immediately above and below it.
Though they now in many instances present a perfectly developed schistose
structure, they have originally been igneous rocks of a basic character. Ser-
pentines and chlorite-schists, both, probably, of igneous origin, occur here and
there throughout the area.

The following table gives the principal schist-zones, with their character-
istic rocks. For reasons to be afterwards shown it is probable that the
order given in the table is a descending one, the newest rocks being placed
at the top, the oldest at the bottom :

c

• i— t

to

• —

f-t

O

a

<D

03

• -—

,-H

'o

02

VI. Upper Arenaceous zone

V. Upper Argillaceous zone

IV. GarnetiferouH schist zone

TABLE OF THE METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS.

'Dark Schist.

Limestone.

Boulder Bed.

Quartzite.
fGrraphite-schist.
f Phyllites.
j Schistose-quartzite.
[Calcareous Serecite-schists.
f Garnetiferous Mica-schist.
\ Quartz-schists.
[Mica-schists.

TTT T u TI T • f Limestones.

III. Loch Tay Limestone zone s /-, , ^T- ,-,

[Calcareous Mica-schists.

'Green Beds.

II. Lower Arenaceous zone

Mica-schists.

I

"I Grits and Conglomerates.
l(

o

I. Lower Argillaceous zone

. / Hornblende-schists.
•^ J Epidiorites.
] Serpentine.
I Chlorite-schist.

Greywackes.
fSlates.
Phyllites.
Grits.

Greywackes.
Thin Limestones.

OF THE HIGHLANDS. 419

The two sections (page 420) will perhaps show more clearly the comparative
physical structure of the area — the one in Perthshire typical of the structure
•of the eastern, and the other in Cowal of the western part. The eastern
section runs from Comrie to Ben Lawers, and in the neighbourhood of
Comrie the foliation-planes of the clay-slates, the representative rocks of
the Lower Argillaceous zone, dip at high angles towards the northwest.
These rocks are also well exposed on the eastern shore of Loch Lubnaig.
Further west where the foliation has the same dip, the bedding-planes
have at places undergone considerable folding, but generally dip in the
same direction as the foliation. Above this zone, and succeeding it to the
N.W., conies the Lower Arenaceous zone with its characteristic beds of
grit and greywacke, which are all well exposed in the gorge of the Led-
nock N. of Comrie, and strike to the S.W. across the summits of Ben
Yorlich and Ben Ledi. Tracing the section to the N. it will be found
that these rocks continue up Glen Lednock with a gradually decreasing dip
from the high angles along the Highland frontier, till near the watershed they
become almost flat. On the summit of Meal Na Creige, a mountain overlook-
ing Loch Tay, we find an outlier of the Loch Tay limestone zone, consisting
of calcareous mica-schist with accompanying sills of epidiorite. To the W.
of this the powerful Glen Ample fault truncates the schist, throwing down
the Loch Tay limestone, and ushering in the shallow trough of limestones
and schists stretching from Glen Beich westward across the Braes of
Balquhidder towards the shores of Loch Katrine.

Descending Meal Na Creig to the other side of Loch Tay we find the
Loch Tay limestone and its associated basic rocks dipping N.W. below Ben
Lawers. Ascending the sides of the Ben these are succeeded by the
garnetiferous schist-zone, and at about 2500 feet are in turn overlaid by
the highly contorted phyllites, schistose quartzites, and black graphitic
schists of the Upper Argillaceous zone. Down the northern side of the
mountain towards Glen Lyon, the Loch Tay limestone with its associated
epidiorites again rises to the surface, thus showing that the mountain has
been carved out of a syncline of schists. At this point the quartzites of the
Upper Argillaceous zone are seen to be cut off by a fault, but elsewhere the
passage of the graphite-schists into the quartzite is clearly seen.

In the western portion of the area the section is taken across Cowal, from
Dunoon to Inverary. At Dunoon on the Firth of Clyde the lower argillaceous
.zone is exposed along the shore from Hunter's Quay to Innellan, where the
dip of the principal foliation is southeast at an angle of 53°. In many places,
as already observed, the bedding shows evidence of being much folded. Up
the Holy Loch towards the north, the phyllites are succeeded by a group
of green beds, mica-schists, schistose-grits, and greywackes, the represen-
tatives of the Lower Arenaceous zone, dipping southeast at about 53°.

From the head of the Holy Loch they begin to undulate, till at the foot of
Loch Eck they give evidence of having been subjected to most violent
twisting and contorting. This belt of highly contorted schists extends
northwards towards the head of Loch Eck, when again the twisting
diminishes and the dip is reversed, being now northwest at much gentler
angles. At Ballimore the Loch Tay limestone, with its associated hornblende-
schists, is exposed, dipping also northwest, and above it comes the
garnetiferous schist-zone, seen in several of the stream-sections. On the
shores of Loch Fyne the Upper Argillaceous zone is met with, with its
characteristic phyllites and quartz-schists which cross to the north side of
the loch and are well exposed near Inveraray. In Glen Aray these rocks are
succeeded by the more massive quartzite beds, and limestones, so well
developed along the shores of Loch Awe, which belong to the Upper
Arenaceous zone, and below which the Loch Fyne phyllites pass in a shallow
syncline or trough.

420

THE CRYSTALLINE SCHISTS

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OF THE HIGHLANDS. 421

From a consideration of these two sections it would seem that in the
eastern one across Perthshire we have the nearest approach to the normal
order of the rocks. In the interior of Highland Perthshire they are compara-
tively flat, but as the Highland frontier is reached the dip rapidly increases
to high angles, still, however, dipping beneath the rocks of the interior. Here
there is a syncline, of which the northern limb is comparatively flat and
composed of younger rocks, while the southern limb is exceedingly steep
ushering in the lower and older beds. This simplicity may, however, be more
apparent than real. One is at times inclined to suspect that the bedding has
been folded into a series of isoclines, and that the foliation-planes crossing
these parallel to the axes of the folds have made the structure appear more
simple than it really is, and the thickness of the beds greater than they
ought to be.

On the western side of the great fault which passes through Glen Beich the
Loch Tay limestone zone seen on the summit of Meal Na Creige has been
carried downwards by it, and the structure of the shallow syncline becomes
more apparent, being well seen in Glen Ogle and the Kirkton Glen,
where the limestones and epidiorites are exposed near the bottoms of the
valleys and the overlying schists are seen on the higher grounds. This trough
stretches towards the shores of Loch Katrine and the head of Loch Lomond,
but in that direction the folding of the beds becomes more intense and
the southern limb steeper, until it becomes inverted and pushed over towards
the interior. The older rocks coming from beneath the syncline and seen
along the frontier Highlands are also placed at high angles, and towards the
shores of Loch Lomond they become reversed, dipping, also at high angles, to
the southeast.

Traced into Cowal and along the shores of the Firth of Clyde the syncline
becomes more and more acute, being now actually in a recumbent position
with its axis heading towards the southeast at a low angle. The southern
limb, consisting of the two lower zones, becomes flatter, the beds dipping
southeast at 53°. The rocks, which formed a gentle trough in Perthshire
with slightly undulating folds, become more violently contorted. But
still their relationship to the eastern section seems to be quite clear, and the
supposed anticline of the bedding described by the earlier geologists, and that
of the foliation by the officers of the Survey, appear to be entirely deceptive.

Perhaps it may be somewhat misleading to use the term syncline as
descriptive of the structure of this region. Strictly speaking it appears to be
rather a series of isoclinal folds which traced from Loch Fyne across Cowal
to the Firth of Clyde gradually usher in still lower beds. This structure
will be better .understood by a reference to the sectional diagrams (page 420).

Space does not permit of a detailed description of the minute structure
of these schists. An early, and probably the first, foliation of this region
took place along the lines of bedding, or parallel to the axes of the folds
in the bedding, as is still well seen in the more arenaceous rocks. That
this early foliation has been subjected to a series of later movements
admits of no doubt, especially in the highly contorted belt which runs
through Cowal, the structure of which has been minutely and carefully
described by the officers of the Survey. In Cowal there is evidence
that an early foliation has itself been folded and crossed by strain-slip,
which has again been folded and crossed by still later movements, the
process having been repeated oftener than once until all trace of the bedding
or early foliation has become entirely obliterated. In the garnetiferous
schist-zone and Upper Argillaceous zone of the central Highlands the
original clastic rocks seem to have become so completely mineralized that it
is almost hopeless to search for evidence of the original bedding, all their
divisional planes being clearly of secondary origin, so that it must remain an
open question as to the extent to which these secondary planes may be

422 THE CRYSTALLINE SCHISTS OF THE HIGHLANDS.

relied upon in determining the original succession of the rocks. Notwith-
standing this, and the fact that the foliation-planes are themselves often so
intensely folded as to make it difficult to determine even the apparent
succession of these secondary planes, yet the relative positions of the
principal zones given in this paper seem to be fairly well made out.

Where the foliation-planes have themselves been folded it is interesting to
note that the axes of the folds generally head N.W., the overfolding facing
S.E., the upper limbs being generally the longer limbs, and the under
ones those which are most thinned. As regards the age of these rocks it
seems impossible at present to give any definite answer. That they are
older than the Lower Old Red Sandstone is evident, from the fact that
pebbles of the schists are embedded in the conglomerates of that formation
along the Highland frontier.

Along the Highland frontier and immediately N. of the great line of
fault the officers of the Survey have discovered a narrow belt of carbonaceous
shales, schists and cherts, the latter containing forms resembling Radiolarian
tests, which they consider may be of Arenig age. These appear to have been
wedged in between the Highland schists and the Old Red Sandstones, and
can be traced at intervals through Perthshire and Dumbartonshire into the
Island of Arran.

The views expressed in this paper are here offered only as a tentative
solution of a difficult problem, upon which it is as yet impossible to speak
with assurance.

THE SILURIAN ROCKS IN THE SOUTH OF SCOTLAND.
BY B. N. PEACH, F.R.S. ; J. HORNE, F.R.S. ; and

A. MACCONOCHIE.

INTRODUCTION.

THE broad tableland of the Southern Uplands, stretching from the great
midland vallev southwards to the Solwav Firth and the Cheviot Hills is

^ *•

composed mainly of Silurian strata. Along its northern margin, the
Silurian tableland is bounded by a powerful fault which lets down the Old
Red Sandstone and Carboniferous rocks of the central lowlands ; while on
the southeast side, in the region extending from the Merse of Berwickshire
to the Solwav, the Old Red Sandstone and Carboniferous strata rest uncon-

*/ '

formably on the upturned and eroded' Silurian rocks. The scenery of these
pastoral uplands is remarkably uniform save where these older Palaeozoic-
rocks have been pierced by large granite masses, as for example between
Criffel and Bengairn and between Loch Dee and Loch Doon. Over much
of the tableland there is little variation in the lithological characters
of the strata, as they consist mainly of grits, greywackes, flagstones
and shales. There are, however, certain bands of black shales richly
charged with graptolites, by means of which Professor Lapworth demon-
strated the true order of succession of the strata. Everywhere the rocks
have been thrown into innumerable folds — frequently inverted and traversed
by normal and reversed faults— the axes of which run from southwest to
northeast, that is, parallel to the long axis of the tableland.

Along the- southern margin of the tableland there is a strip of Wenlock
and Ludlow rocks. In the central part of the chain, there is a belt-
upwards of twenty miles in width — composed mainly of Llandovery and
Tarannon rocks with inliers of the Moffat series of graptolite shales, and
extending from the Mull of Galloway by Moffat to St. Abb's Head. In the
northern portion, stretching from the northern slopes of the Lammermuir
Hills southwest by the Leadhills to Loch Ryan and Portpatrick there is a
great development of Arenig, Llandeilo, and Caradoc rocks. The Girvan
region which embraces strata ranging from Arenig to Wenlock time is of
special interest owing to the abundance of organic remains found on certain
horizons. Beyond the northern limits of the Silurian tableland, and within
the area occupied by the members of the Old Red Sandstone and Carbon-
iferous systems in Lanarkshire and Ayrshire, there are various exposures of
Upper Silurian rocks, of Wenlock, Ludlow and Downtonian age.

Though the portion of the Silurian tableland which falls to be described
here is restricted to that embraced in the Clyde basin and adjoining the
Firth of Clyde, the following table has been prepared to show the classifi-
cation of the Silurian rocks throughout the Southern Uplands :

424

THE SILURIAN ROCKS

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426

THE SILURIAN ROCKS

LEADHILLS DISTRICT.

As a prelude to the description of the Leadhills district, brief reference
must be made to the geological structure of the classic region of Moffat
which embraces the type-sections described by Professor Lapworth, in proof
of the sequence and relations of the graptolite-shales of the central part of
the tableland. The Moffat black shale series forms narrow boat-shaped
areas, being brought to the surface along sharp anticlinal folds, in the midst
of the younger Tarannon rocks. From the preceding table it will be seen
that the members of the Moffat series have been grouped in three divisions :
Glenkiln, Hartfell, and Birkhill ; corresponding to the Upper Llandeilo,
Caradoc, and Llandovery rocks of Wales respectively, the whole sequence
not exceeding 300 feet in thickness. Where denudation has proceeded far
enough to expose strata underlying the Glenkiln shales, these consist of
Radiolarian cherts and fine tuffs of Lower Llandeilo and Arenig age. The
famous Dobb's Linn section at the head of Moffatdale, clearly shows the
divisions and structural relations of the Moffat series. When the Moffat
series is traced northwards on successive anticlines, towards the northern
margin of the central belt of Tarannon rocks, the subdivisions of the Birk-
hill shales (Llandovery) disappear and are replaced by coarser sediments.
Hence at certain localities it is not easy to trace with precision the northern
limit of the Tarannon belt.

In the districts of Abington and Leadhills there is a remarkable develop-
ment of Arenig, Llandeilo, and Caradoc rocks, of greater thickness than
their representatives in the Moffat region. A remarkable feature of these
northern districts is the occurrence of Arenig volcanic rocks, comprising
lavas, agglomerates, and tuffs exposed in the cores of many anticlinal folds.
They are immediately overlain by fine mudstones containing abundant
hingeless brachiopods (see list), and these in turn by red, dark, and gray
cherts charged with Radiolaria (see list). Next in order come the Glenkiln -
Hartfell shales yielding their characteristic graptolites of the Moffat region.
This sequence is exposed in various folds in the districts of Abington, Lead-
hills, and Saiiquhar. Part of the Lower Caradoc rocks of the northern
districts is represented by grey wackes, shales, and fossiliferous conglomerates
(Duntercleuch, Wallace's Cast, and Kilbucho, see list), while the Upper
Caradoc rocks are represented mainly by the Lowther Shales which, to the
east of the Clyde basin, include the fossiliferous limestones and conglomerates
of Wrae, Glencotho, and Winkston. This change in the type of sedimenta-
tion of the Upper Caradoc rocks is also observable in that of the Lower
Hartfell and Glenkiln black shales (Lower Caradoc and Upper Llandeilo)
when the latter are traced northwards to the margin of the tableland.
These in turn are replaced by coarse sediments and the graptolites of the
Glenkiln group occur in thin dark seams, interleaved in greywackes and
shales.

FOSSILS FROM ARENIG MUDSTONES, ABINGTON DISTRICT.

Tetragraptus fruticosus, Hall.

T. quadribrachiatus, Hall.

Annelid jaws (?).

Caryocaris Wrighti, Salt.

Acrotreta Nicholson!, Dav.

A. sp.

Acrothele granulata, Linnr.

A. sp.

Lingula, sp.

Lingulella lepis, Salt.

L. quebecensis, Bill.

Lingulella, sp.

Linnarssonia, sp.

Obolella like 0. Sabrinae, Callow.

Linnarssonia (Obolella) sagittalis,

Salt.
L. sp.

Kutorgina labradorica, ? Bill.
K. sp.

Discinoid shells.
INCERTAE SEDIS.
Rods, (Sponge?)

IN THE SOUTH OF SCOTLAND.

427

RADIOLARIA FROM ARENIG-LLANDEILO CHERTS, ABINGTON DISTRICT.

Acanthosphaera antiqua, Hinde.
Diploplegma cinctum, Hinde.
Dorydictum simplex, Hinde.
Doryplegma gracile, Hinde.
D. nasutum, Hinde.
Dorysphaera laxa, Hinde.
D. reticulata, Hinde.
Haliomma cornutum, Hinde.
H. vetustum, Hinde.
Spongoplegma priscum, Hinde.
Sphaerozoum patutum, Hinde.

Sphaerozoum priscum, Hinde.
Staurodorus gracilis, Hinde.
Stauroplegma brevispina, Hinde.
S. barbatum, Hinde.
S. compressum, Hinde.
S. diffusum, Hinde.
Styptosphaera antiqua, Hinde.
Triposphaera armata, Hinde.
T. densa, Hinde.
T. hastata, Hinde.
T. Peachi, Hinde.

FOSSILS FROM THE LOWER CARADOC CONGLOMERATES OF DUNTERCLEUGH,
WALLACE'S CAST, AND KILBUCHO, ABINGTON DISTRICT.

Cyclocrinus, sp.

Nidulites favus, Salt.

Alveolites, sp.

Favosites asper, d'Orl.

F. gothlandicus, Fougt.

F. sp.

Heliolites, sp.

Lindstrbmia subduplicata, APCoy.

L. subduplicata, var. crenulata,

M'Coy.

Lyopora favosa, J/'Coy.
Monticulipora lens, M'Coy.
Palaeocyclus, sp.
Petraia bina, Lonsd.
P. elongata, Phil.
P. uniserialis, J/'C'oy.
P. zic-zac, 31' Coy.
Stenoppra fibrosa, Gold/.
Tetradium, sp.
Crinoid stems.

Serpulites longissimus, Murch.
Calymene, sp.
Cheirurus clavifrons, Dalm.
Encrinurus punctatus, Briinn.
Homalonotus, sp.
Illaenus latus (?) M'Coy.
Ogygia, sp.

Phacops alifrons, Salt.
P. Brongniarti, Portl.
P. caudatus, (?) Briinn.
Remopleurides Colbii, Portl.
R. laterispinifer, Portl.
E. sp. nov.

Trinucleus fimbriatus, Murch.
T. sp.

Ceriopora oculata, Goldf.
Fenestella, sp.

Ptilodictya dichotoma, Portl.
P. sp.
Ketepora, sp.

Leptaena scissa, Dav.

L. sericea, Sow.

L. sericea, var. rhombica, M'Coy.

L. tenuicincta, M'Coy.

L. transversalis, Wahl.

Orthis biforata, Sehl.

0. calligramma, Dalm.

0. crispa, M'Coy.

0. elegantula, Dalm.

0. flabellulum, Sou:

0. (Strophomena) kilbuchoensis,

Dav.
0. polygramma, var. pentlandica.

Dav.

0. testudinaria, Dalm.
0. vespertilio, Sou:
0. sp.

Rhynchpnella borealis, Schl.
E. Jacki, Dav.
E. Stricklandi, Sow.
E. sp.

Strophomena arenacea, Salt.
S. corrugatella, Dav.
S. deltoidea, var. rotundata, Conr
S. deltoidea, var. expansa, Sow.
S. grandis, Sow.
S. rhomboidalis WilcL:
S. sp.

Ctenodonta levata, If all.
Cucullella, sp.

Modiolopsis orbicularis, Sow.
Bellerophon acutus, Sou-.
B. dilatatus. Sow.
B. trilobatus, Sow.
Chelodes (Helminthochiton), sp.
Cyclonema, sp.
Ecculiomphalus, sp.
Euomphalus sculptus, Sow.
Holopella, sp.
Loxonema, sp.

428 THE SILURIAN ROCKS

Maclurea macromphala, M'-Coy. Conularia sp.

Macrochilina, sp. Hyolithes, sp.

Murchisonia angulata, Sow. Pterotheca corrugata, Salt.

M. gyrogonia, M'Cot/. Cyrtoceras scoticum, Blake.

Pleurotomaria alata, Wahl. Endoceras, sp.

PL (Raphistoma) elliptica, His. Lituites, sp.

PI. (R.) lenticularis, Sow. Orthoceras arcuoliratum, Hall.

Rhaphistoma sp. 0. Avelini, Salt.

Turbo, sp. 0. pendens, Blake.

Conularia elongata, Portl.

GIRVAN DISTRICT.

This district embraces an area in the extreme northwest part of the table-
land, extending along the shore from Girvan to the mouth of Glen App,
and inland to the village of Barr in the valley of the Stinchar.

The geological structure of the area south of the Stinchar closely resembles
that already described in the Sanquhar and Leadhills districts ; for there we
find a sequence from the Arenig volcanic rocks and overlying Radiolarian
cherts and graptolitic mudstones with Glenkiln graptolites upwards to the
greywackes, shales and conglomerates of Llandeilo-Caradoc age. (Portandea
and Currarie north of Glen App.)

North of the Stinchar valley, however, the sequence is wholly different.
One of the striking features of this northern area is the remarkable develop-
ment of Arenig volcanic rocks near Ballantrae, comprising diabase and diabase
porphyrite lavas, agglomerates and tuffs. The age of this volcanic series is
clearly defined by the occurrence in it of black shales and cherty mudstones
yielding graptolites of Lower or Middle Arenig age. North of the Stinchar
valley they are overlain by a great development of Radiolarian cherts
(Arenig and Lower Llandeilo) and other sediments. The lavas, tuffs and
overlying sediments are pierced by various intrusive igneous rocks, including
serpentine, gabbro, dolerite, diorite, and granite. Of special importance also
is the marked unconformability that separates the rocks just described from
the overlying sedimentary series of Girvan. For the massive conglomerates
(Kirkland and Benan) at the base of the latter series not only rest on the
eroded surfaces of the volcanic and plutonic rocks, but are mainly composed
of materials derived from the underlying platform.

The general succession and subdivisions of the Girvan series, as worked
out by Professor Lap worth, are given in the following table, from which it
will be seen that there is a marked divergence in the lithological characters
of the strata from those in the Central Moffat region. In most of the sub-
divisions there is a great development of coarse sediments consisting of con-
glomerates, grits, greywackes, flagstones, mudstones, and shales, implying
deposition near land and in comparatively shallow water. As might be
expected from the foregoing conditions the Girvan series yields organic
remains in profusion, on certain horizons. Of special importance are the
bands of graptolite shales, yielding many of the zonal forms of the Moffat
region, which enabled Professor Lapworth to correlate the Silurian divisions
of the Girvan and Moffat areas. (See general Table, pp. 424, 425.)

The list of fossils from the Girvan area, exclusive of the graptolites, has
been compiled from all obtainable sources, and is, in large measure, based on
the general list and on Mrs. Gray's list of fossils published in the Geological
Survey Memoir on " The Silurian Rocks of Scotland." Special thanks are
due to Mrs. Gray for supplying a note of recent additions to her list, which
now appear for the first time. Want of space has prevented the insertion of
more than one or two localities for each fossil. When two localities are
given, they represent the lowest and highest horizons for each form.

In this list each division of the Silurian system is represented by a capital
letter, each sub-division by a figure.

IN THE SOUTH OF SCOTLAND. 429

TABLE OF SILURIAN STRATA, GIRVAN.

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o

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1. Blair and Straiten Beds. — Grits, flags, and shales.

Beyrichia Kloedeni. Thickness, 500 feet.

o

r^
—

a

03

H

2. Drumyork Flags, Bargany Group. — Shales, etc.

Cyrtoyraptiis Grayi, M onoyraptus priodon. 1100 feet.

1. Penkill Group. — Grits, purple shales.

Monograptus exigims, Crossopodia. 1000 feet,

>>
S

fi|

M

ee

3. Camregan Group. — Grits, limestones, shales.

Rastrites maximus, Pentamerus. 200 feet.

2. Saugh Hill Group. — Flagstones, shales.

Monograptus spiniyerus, Rastrites peregrinus. 500 feet.

1. Mulloch Hill Group. — Conglomerate, sandstone, shales.

Diplograptus acuminatus, Meristella. 350 feet.

o

o

•"O

e

Oj

o

o °

"3 '-5

^c co

9

ARDMILLAN SERIES.
5. Drummuck Group. — Mudstones.

Dicellograptus anceps, Trinudeus. 400 feet.

4. Barren Flagstone Group.

Diployraptus truncatus, Nematolites. 800 feet.

3. Whitehouse Group.

Dicellograptus, Pleurograptus, Trilobites. 300 feet.

2. Ardwell Group. — Flagstones, shales.

Climacocjraptus caudatus, Dicranoyraptus. 1200 feet.

1. Balclatchie Group. — Mudstones, conglomerate.

Climacoyraptus bicornis. Fossils abundant. 100 feet.

BARR SERIES.
4. Benan conglomerate. Thickness, 500 feet.

3. Graptolitic Mudstones.

Didymograptus superstes. 30 feet.

2. Stinchar Limestone.

Trilobites, brachiopods, corals. 60 feet.

1. Kirkland Group. — Sandstones, conglomerate.

Orthis con finis. Local unconformaJbility. 240 feet.

3. Radiolarian Cherts, mudstones, volcanic tuffs,

Arenig and Lower Llandeilo cherts. 70 feet.

2. Bennane Head Black Shales. Interleaved with volcanic

agglomerate.
Tetragraptus bryonoides. 3-4 feet.

1. Volcanic rocks, lavas, tuffs, with fossiliferous intercalations.

Approximate thickness, 1500 feet.
Base not seen.

430 THE SILURIAN ROOKS

FOSSILS FROM THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF GIRVAN.

Species. Locality. Range.

PLANTAE (?).

Chondrites verisimilis, Salt. Bargany Pond Burn. D3.
ALGAE (?).

Girvanella problematica,

Nicholson & Etheridc/e. Tramitchell. B2.

RHIZOPODA (?).

Nidulites favus, Salt. Balclatchie ; Mulloch Hill. Cl-Dl

FORAMINIFERA.

Saccammina Carter!, Brady. Craighead ; Tramitchell. B2.

RADIOLARIA.

Radiolaria (abundant). Bennane Head ; Currarie. A2.
SPONGIDA.

Hyalostelia girvanense, N. & E. Knockgerran. C2

Ischadites antiquus, Salt. Woodland Point ; Penkill. D2-E1.

I. Koenigi, Murch. Balclatchie. Cl.

HYDROZOA.

Clathrodictyon vesiculosum,

N. and Murie. Woodland Point. D2.

Gorgonia regularis, Portl. Woodland Point. D2.

COELENTERATA.

Aulacophyllum mitratum, His. Mulloch Hill. Dl.

Calostylis Lindstrbmi, N.andE. Penkill. D3.

Chaetetes, sp. Mulloch Hill. Dl.

Favpsites asper, d'Orb. Balclatchie ; Rough Neuk. Cl-Dl.

F. girvanensis, N. and E. Craighead. B2.

F. gothlandicus, Fougt. Rough Neuk. Dl.

F. mullochensis, N. and E. Mulloch Hill. D1-D2.

Fistulipora favosa, ^VT. and E. Balclatchie. Cl.

F. pilula, N. and E. Craighead. B2.

Halysites catenulatus, Linn. Craighead ; Mulloch Hill. B2-D1.

Heliolites foliaceus, ^V. and E. Woodland Point. D2.

H. Grayi, Edw. and Haime. Craighead. B2.

H. interstinctus, Linn. Mulloch Hill ; Penkill. Dl-El.

H. parasiticus, N. and E. Threave ; Craigens. C5-D1.

H. tubulatus, Lonsd. Rough Neuk. Dl.

Labechia canadensis, ^. d; Murie. Aldons. B2.
Lindstromia subduplicata,

M'Coy. Craighead ; Mulloch. B2-D1.

Lyopora favosa, NlCoy. Craighead. B2.

Monticulipora girvanensis,A7c/i. Craighead. B2.

Palaeocyclus, sp. Rough Neuk. Dl.

Petraia bina, Lonsd. Rough Neuk. Dl.

P elongata, Phil. Rough Neuk. Dl.

Pinacoppra Anderson!, N.andE. Woodland Point. D2.

P. Grayi, ^V. andE. Mulloch ; Newlands. D1-D2.

Plasmopora girvanensis, N. & E. Woodland Point. D2.

Prasopora Grayae, N. and E- Craighead. B2.

Propora Edwardsi, N. and E- Craighead. B2.

IN THE SOUTH OF SCOTLAND.

431

Stenopora fibrosa, Goldf.
Streptelasma aequisulcatum,

WCoy.

S. aggregatum, N. and E.
S. Craigense, M'Coy.
S. europaeum, Rom.
Stylarea occidentalis, N. & E.
Tetradium Peachi, N. & E.
Thecostegites scoticus, N.andE.

ASTEROIDEA.

Palaeaster, sp.

Tetraster Wyv-Thomsoni,#.<Mr.

CYSTOIDEA.

Echinosphaerites granulatus,

JTCoy.
Pleurocystites sp.

CRINOIDEA.

Crinoid stems.
Myelodactylus sp.

ANNELIDA.

Cornulites sp.

Crossopodia scotica, M'Coy.

Eione ? sp.

Myrianites tenuis, J/'Cby.

Nemertites, sp.

Nereites cambrensis, Murch.

Olnencites sp. (jaws of).

Serpulites longissimus, Murch.

Tentaculites anglicus, Salt.

T. ornatus, Sow.

ClRRIPEDIA.

Turrilepas Peachi, N. and E.
T. scotica, N. and E.
T. Wrighti, Woodw.

OSTRACODA.

Aparchites leperditioides, J.

A. subovatus, J.
Beyrichia comma, J.

B. impar, J.

B. impendens, Jones.

B. Kloedeni, M'Coy.

B. Kloedeni, var. infecta, J.

B. Kloedeni, var. scotica, J. and

Holl.
Cythere aldensis, M'-Coy.

C. aldensis, var. major, J.
C. Gray ana, J.

C. Wrightiana, J. and Holl.
Cypridina Grayae, J.
Entomis globulosa, J.
Primitia Barrandiana, J.
P. elongata, var. nuda, J.

Craighead.

Mulloch Hill.

Craighead.

Craighead.

Craighead.

Craighead.

Craighead ;

Craighead.

Bougang.

Dow Hill.

Threave, Starfish Bed.

Trochrague Burn.
Threave.

Craighead ; Straiton.
Penkill.

Craighead.
Penwhapple Glen.
Penwhapple Glen.
Penwhapple Glen.
Penwhapple Glen.
Penwhapple Glen.
Balclatchie.
Minuntion ; Threave.
Shalloch Mill ; Camregan.
Tramitchell ; Woodland Point.

Whitehouse Bay.
Balclatchie.

Whitehouse Bay.

Whitehouse Bay.

Threave.

Whitehouse Bay.

Straiton.

Threave ; Straiton.

Whitehouse Bay.

Bargany Pond Burn.

Aldons.

Al dons.

Aldons.

Aldons.

Whitehouse Bay.

Straiton.

Aldons.

Whitehouse Bay.

B2.

Dl.
B2.
B2.
B2.
B2.
B2.
B2.

Cl.
C5.

B3.

C5.

B2-F1
D3.

B2.

El.

El.

El.

El.

El.

Cl.

B2-C5.

C3-E1.

B2-D2.

C3.

Cl.

C3.

C3.

C5.

C3.

Fl.

C5-F1.

C3.

D3.
B2.
B2.
B2.
B2.
C3.
Fl.
B2.
C3.

432

THE SILURIAN ROCKS

Primitia girvanensis, J.

P. Grayae, J.

P. Krausei, J.

P. mundula, var. fimbriata, J.

P. mundula, var. Kloedeniana, J.

P. ulrichiana, J.

Sulcuna praeurrens, Jones.

Ulrichia girvanensis, Jones.

U. Grayae, Jones.

PHYLLOCARIDA.

Caryocaris Wrighti, Salt.
Discinocaris gigas, Woodw.
Pinnocaris Lapworthi, Eth. Jnr.
Solenocaris solenoides, Y.

TRILOBITA.

Acidaspis bispinosa, MlCoy.

A. Brighti, Murch.

A. Grayae, Eth. Jnr.

A. hystrix, Wyo. -Thorn.

A. Lalage, Wyv. -Thorn.

Agnostus agnostiformis, MlCoy.

A. perrugatus, Barr.

Ampyx Hornei, E. and N.

A. Maccallumi, Salt.

A. mammillatus, Sars.

A. nasutus, Dalm.

A. nudus, Murch.

A. rostratus, Sars.

Asaphus (Isotelus) gigas, Dekay.

A. marginatus, Portl.

A. rectifrons, Portl.
Barrandia sp.
Bohemilla sp.
Bronteopsis scotica, Salt.
Bronteus Anderson!, E. and N.

B. hibernicus, Portl.
Calymene Blumenbachi, Brong.

C. tuberculosa, Salt.
Cheirurus bimucronatus, Murch.
C. clavifrons, Dalm.

C. gelasinosus, Portl.
C. Sedgwicki, M'Coy.
C. trispinosus, Young.
Cybele rugosa, Portl.
C. verrucosa, Dalm.
Cyclopyge armata, Barr.
C. rediviva, Barr.
Deiphon Forbesi, Barr.
Dindymene Cordai, E. and N.
Dionide Lapworthi, E. and N.
Encrinurus punctatus, Briin.
E. punctatus, var. arenaceus,>S'aZ£.
E. punctatus, var. calcareus, Salt.

Whitehouse Bay.
Whitehouse Bay.
Whitehouse Bay.
Whitehouse Bay.
Whitehouse Bay.
Whitehouse Bay.
Whitehouse Bay.
Whitehouse Bay.
Whitehouse Bay.

Balcreuchan Port.
Blackwood Head.
Balclatchie.
Th reave.

Penkill.

Woodland Point.

Balclatchie.

Balclatchie.

Balclatchie.

Balclatchie ; Threave.

Whitehouse Bay.

Craighead ; Balclatchie.

Balclatchie.

Penwhapple Glen.

Penwhapple Glen.

Balclatchie.

Balclatchie ; Threave.

Minuntion ; Balclatchie.

Threave.

Bougang ; Balclatchie.

Balclatchie.

Whitehouse Bay.

Balclatchie ; Ardmillan.

Penkill.

Threave (?)

Craighead ; Straiten.

Threave.

Craighead ; Penkill Buri

Threave.

Craighead ; Balclatchie.

Balclatchie.

Penkill.

Threave.

Balclatchie

Whitehouse Bay.

Whitehouse Bay.

Balclatchie.

Whitehouse ; Drummuck.

Whitehouse ; Threave.

Penkill ; Straiton.

Craighead ; Straiton.

Craighead ; Penkill.

Dow Hill.

C3.
C3.
C3.
03.
03.
03.
03.
03.
C3.

Al.
El.
01.
05.

D3.

D2.

01.

01.

01,

01-05.

C3.

B2-C1.

01,

C.

C.

01.

01-05.

B2-C1.

05.

B2-C1.

01,

03.

Cl.

D3.

05.

B2-F1.

05.

B2-E1.

05.

B2-C1.

01.

D3.

05.

01.

03,

03.

01.

C3-C5.

03-05.

D3-F1.

B2-F1.

B2-D3.

IN THE SOUTH OF SCOTLAND.

433

Harpes sp.

Illaenus (Dysplanus) aemulus,

Salt.

I. (Bumastus) Barriensis, Murch.
I. (B.) Bowmani. Salt.
I. (B.) Maccallumi, Salt.
I. latus ? M'Coy.
I. Murchisoni, Salt.
I. nexilis, Salt.
I. Rosenbergi, Eichw.
I. Thomsoni, Salt.
I. sp.

Licnas ambiguus, Barr.
L. Barrandei, Flet.
L. Geikiei, ^. and N.
L. Grayi, ^/e^.
L. hibernicus,
L. laxatus, M'Coy.
L. palmatus, Barr.
L. sp.
Phacops (Acaste) Brongniarti,

Portl.

P. (A.) Downingiae, Murch.
P. (A.) Stokesi, M. Edw.
Phillipsia parabola, Barr.
Proetus girvanensis, E. and A7.
P. latifrons, M'Coy.
P. procerus, E. and N.
P. Stokesi, Murch.
Remopleurides Barrandei, E.&N.
R. Colbii, Portl.
R. dorsospinifer, Portl.
R. laterispinifer, Portl.
Salteria primaeva, Wyv. -Thorn.
Sphaerexochus minis, Beyr.
Staurocephalus globiceps, Portl.
S. unicus, Wt/v.-Tkom.
Stygina latifrons, Portl.
Trinucleus Bucklandi, Barr.
T. concentrieus, Eaton.
T. Macconochiei, E. and N.
T. ornatus, Stern.
T. seticornis, His.

POLYZOA.

Fenestella assimilis, Lonsd.

F. Milleri, Lonsd.

F. patula, M'Coy.

F. subantiqua. of Orb.

Glauconome disticha, Goldf.

Hippothoa inflata, Nick.

Ptilodictya costellata, MlCoy.

P. dichotoma, Portl.

P. lanceolata, Goldf.

Retepora sp.

Rhinopora verrucosa, Hall.

Aldons ; Bargany Pond Burn. B2-D3.

Penkill.

Woodland Point.

Craighead ; Balclatchie.

Drummuck.

Minuntion.

Penkill.

Drummuok ; Penkill.

Craighead ; Penkill.

Mulloch ; Woodland.

Shalloch Mill ; Camregan.

Mulloch Hill ; Newlands.

Mulloch Hill.

Threave.

Balclatchie.

Craighead ; Balclatchie.

Threave.

Mulloch Hill.

Dow Hill ; Camregan.

Bougang ; Threave.

Mulloch Hill ; Straiton.

Mulloch Hill ; Straiton.

Threave Glen.

Balclatchie ; Threave.

Threave.

Threave.

Straiton.

Balclatchie.

Minuntion ; Threave.

Ardmillan.

Minuntion ; Balclatchie.

Balclatchie.

Craighead ; Balclatchie.

Balclatchie ; Woodland Point.

Balclatchie ; Mulloch.

Ardmillan.

Drummuck.

Dow Hill.

Balclatchie.

Balclatchie.

Drummuck.

Woodland Point.
Woodland Point.
Woodland Point ; Penkill.
Woodland Point ; Penkill.
Woodland Point.
Woodland Point.
Mulloch Hill.
Balclatchie ; Penkill.
Woodland ; Straiton.
Balclatchie ; Rough Neuk.
Woodland Point.
2E

D3.

D2.

B2-C1.

C5.

B2.

D3.

C5-D3.

B2-D3.

D1-D2.

C3-D3.

D1-D2.

Dl.

C5.

01.

B2-C1.

C5.

Dl.

C1-D3.

B2-C5.

D1-F1.

D1-F1.

C5.

C1-C5.

C5.

C5.

PI.

01.

B2-C5.

01.

B2-C1.

Cl.

B2-C1.

C1-D2.

C1-C5.

Cl.

C5.

01.

CL

01.

C5.

D2.

D2.

D2-D3.

D2-D3.

D2.

D2.

Dl.

C1-E1.

D2-F1.

C1-D1.

D2.

434

THE SILURIAN ROCKS

BRACHIOPODA.

Acrothele granulata, Linnr.
Acrotreta costata (?) Dav.
A. Nicholsoni, Dav.
Athyris sp.
Atrypa (Leptocoelia) hemi-

spherica, Sow.
A. imbricata, Sow.
A. marginalia, Dalm.
A. reticularis, Linn.
A. scotica, M'Coy.
Crania llandoveriana, Dav.

C. siluriana, Dav.
Cyrtia exporrecta, Wahl.
Discina crassa, Hall.

D. oblongata, Portl.
D. perrugata, M'-Coy.
D. rugata, Sow.

Glassia (Athyris) obovata, Sow.

Kutorgina sp.

Leptaena (Plectambonites) cor-

nuta, Dav.
L. Etheridgei, Dav.
L. G-rayi, Dav.
L. llandeiloensis, Dav.
L. (Plectambonites quinque-

costata, M'Coy.)
L. scissa, Salt.
L. segmentum, Angelin.
L. sericea, Sow.

L. sericea, var. rhombica, M'Coy.
L. (Christiania) tenuicincta,

L. (Plectambonites) transver-

salis, Wahl.
L. Youngiana, Dav.
Lingula attenuata, Sow.
L. brevis, Portl.
L. canadensis, Bill.
L. granulata, Phil.
L. ovata, M'Coy.
L. quadrata, Eichw.
L. Ramsayi, Salt.
L. Symondsi, /Sa?«.
Lingulella Davisi, M'Coy.
L. lepis, Salt.
Linnarssonia (Obolella) sagit-

talis (Salt.}.
Merista cymbula, Dav.
Meristella angustifrons, M'Coy.
M. (Whitfieldia) tumida, Dalm.
Nucleospira pisum, Sow.
Obolella sp.

Orbiculoidea Forbesi, Dav.
Orthis Actoniae, Sow.
O. alternata, Sow.

Dow Hill.
Balclatchie.

Oaighead ; Balclatchie.
Whitehouse Bay.

Mulloch ; Camregan.

Threave ; Penkill.

Penwhapple.

Mulloch ; Straiten.

Mulloch Hill.

Newlands.

Mulloch ; Woodland Point.

Penkill.

Penwhapple ; Straiten.

Balclatchie.

Craighead ; Threave.

Bargany Pond Burn.

Penkill.

Bennane Head.

Ardmillan.

Craighead.
Craighead.
Craighead ; Ardmillan.

Ardmillan : Woodland Point.
Ardmillan ; Woodland Point.
Shalloch Mill ; Cuddystone Glen.
Craighead ; Penkill.
Craighead ; Balclatchie.

Balclatchie ; Shalloch Mill.

Craighead ;
Craighead ;
Balclatchie ;
Ardmillan ;
Balclatchie.
Minuntion ;
Craighead ;
Craighead ;
Craighead ;
Woodland ;
Aucliensoul.
Portandea.

Penkill.
Balclatchie.
Drummuck.
Whitehouse.

Ardmillan.
Rough Neuk.
Threave.
Benan Burn.
Straiten.

Balcreuchan Port.

Drummuck ; Threave.

Mulloch Hill.

Bargany Pond Burn.

Bougang ; Bargany Pond Burn.

Bennane Head.

Mulloch ; Woodland Point.

Shalloch Mill ; Threave.

Benan Burn.

01.
01.

B2-C1 .
C3.

D1-D3.

C5-D3.

D.

D1-F1.

Dl.

D2.

D1-D2.

D3.

E1-F1.

01.

B2-C5.

D3.

D3.

A2.

01;

B2.
B2.
B2-C1.

C1-D2.

C1-D2.

C3-D3.

B2-D3.

B2-C1.

C1-C3.

B2-D3.
B2-C1.
C1-C5.
C1-C3.

01,

B2-C1.

B2-D1.

B2-C5.

B2-B3.

D2-F1.

B2.

B.

Al.

05.

Dl.

D3.

B2-D3.

A2.

C3-C5.

Bl.

IN THE SOUTH OF SCOTLAND. 435

Orthis (Platystrophia) biforata,

Schl. Craighead ; Straiton. B2-F1.

0. (Bilobites) biloba, Linn. Shalloch Mill; BargaiiyPond Burn.C3-D3.

0. Bouchard!, Dav. Straiton. Fl.

0. balcletchiensis, Dav. Craighead ; Balclatchie. B2-C1.

0. calligramma, Dalm. Craighead ; Penwhapple. B2-E1.

0. calligramma, var. plicata, >SW. Balclatchie; Woodland Point. C1-D2.

0. calligramma, var. scotica, Dav. Craighead. B2.

0. calligramma, var. virgata, >S'a^. Dularg ; Balclatchie. B2-C1.

0. Carausii, Salt. Ardniillan. Cl.

0. confinis, Salt. Benan Burn ; Minuntion. B1-B2.

0. crispa, M^Coy. Ardraillan ; Threave. C1-C5.

0.(Dalmanella)elegantula,/>aZw. Craighead; Straiton. B2-F1.

0. (Dinorthis) flabellulum, Sow. Craighead ; Straiton. B2-F1.

0. girvanensis, Dav. Craighead. B2.

0. intercostata, Portl. Aldons ; Trochrague. B2-B3.

0. kilbuchoensis, Dav. Ardniillan. Cl.

0. Lapworthi, Dav. Balclatchie; Shalloch Mill. C1-C3.

0. mullochiensis, Dav. Threave ; Mullqch. C5-D1.

0. nina, Dae. Whitehonse Bay. C3.

0. polygramma, Sow. Camregan. D3-E1.
O. polygramma, var. pentlandica,

Da». Balclatchie; Penkill. C1-D3.

0. porcata, J/'C'o?/. Threave. C5.

0. protensa, Sow. Benan Crag. B2.

0. Rankini, Dav. Ardniillan ; Threave. C1-C5.

0. reversa, Salt. Penkill. El.

0. rustica, Sow. Mulloch ; Straiton. Dl-Fl.

0. rustica, var. rigida, Dav. Woodland ; Penkill. D2-D3.

0. saggittifera, M'Coy. Mulloch Hill. Dl.

0. Sowerbyana, Dav. Craighead ; Threave. B2-C5.
0. (Dalmanella) testudinaria,

Dalm. Craighead ; Shalloch Mill. B2-C3.

0. tricenaria, Conr. Piedmont Glen. C2.

0. turgida, M'Coy. Craighead ; Penkill. B2-E1.

0. vespertilio, Sow. Craighead ; Shalloch Mill. B2-C3.
Orthisina (Clitambonites)

Grayae, Dav. Shalloch Mill ; Threave. C2-C5.

0. (0.) scotica, M'-Coy. Bougang. B2.

Paterula balcletchiensis, Dav. Balclatchie ; Threave. C1-C5.

Pentamerus galeatus, Sow. Penkill. D3.

P. globosus, Sow. Penkill. D3.

P. oblongus, Sow. Newlands; Blackwood. D2-E1.

P. oblongus, var. laevis, Sow. Penwhapple. 1)3.

P. rotundus, Sow. Penkill. D3-E1.

P. shallochiensis, Dav. Shalloch Mill. C3.

P. undatus, Sow. Mulloch ; Penkill. D1-D3.

Pholidops implicata, Sow. Shalloch Mill ; Penkill. C3-D3.

Porambonites intercedens, Pand. Shalloch Mill. C3.

Retzia Barrandei, Dav. Straiton. Fl.

Rhynchonella aemula, Salt. Craighead. B2.

R. ardmillanensis, Dav. Ardniillan. Cl.

R. balcletchiensis, Dav. Craighead ; Balclatchie. B2-C1.

R. cuneata, Dalm. Auldthorns ; Camregan. C5-D3.

R. cuneatella, Dav. Balclatchie. Cl.

R. decemplicata, Sow. Mulloch Hill. Dl.

R. girvanensis, Dav. Balclatchie. Cl.

43(i

THE SILURIAN ROCKS

Rhynchonella Lapworthi, Dav.

R. llandoveriana, Dav.

R. micula, Sow.

R. nasuta, M'Coy.

R. nucula, Sow.

R. Peachi, Dav.

R. (Hyattella) Portlockiana,

Dav.

R. Salteri, Dav.
R. scotica, Dav.
R. shallochiensis, />«#.
R. sub-borealis, Dav.
R. Thomson!, Dav.
R. Thomson!, var. ?
R. Weaver!, Salt.
R. Wilson!, Sow.
Siphpnotreta anglica, Morris.
S. micula, J/'(%.
S. scotica, Dow.
Skenidium Grayi, Dav.
S. Lewis!, Dav.
S. shallochiensis, Z>av.
S. wpodlandiensis, Dav.
Spirifera crispa, His.
S. plicatella, Linn.
S. plicatella, var. radiata, Sow.
S. sulcata, His.

Stricklandinia balcletchiensis,
S. lens, Sow.
S. lirata, Sow.

Strophomena antiquata, Sow.
S. applanata, Salt.
S. arenacea, Salt.
S. compressa, Sow.
S. corrugatella, Z)<m
S. (Rafinesquina) deltoidea,

Conr.

S. (R.) expansa, Sow.
S. Grayae, Dow.
S. grandis, Sow.
S. imbrex, Pand.
S. imbrex, var. semiglobosa, Dav.
S. insculpta, jETaW.
S. llandeiloensis, Dav.
S. pecten, Linn.
S. retroflexa, ^a^.
S. rhomboidalis, Wilck.
S. shallochiensis, Z)av.
S. simulans, M'Coy.
S. undata, MlCoy.
S. Walmstedti, Z«wo?5.
S. Waltoni, Dav.
Triplesia Grayae, Dav.
T. incerta, Dav.
T. Maccpyana, Ztow.
T. mpnilifera, M'Coy.
T. spiriferoides, M'Coy.

Craighead.
Camreo-an Wood.
Shalloch Mill.
Craighead ; Balclatchie.
Balclatchie : Shalloch Mill.
Craighead ; Threave.

Craighead ; Balclatchie.

Craighead ; Ardmillan,

Craighead.

Shalloch Mill.

Craighead.

Craighead.

Craighead.

Camregan Wood.

Barr ; Straiton.

Balclatchie.

Craighead ; Threave.

Threave.

Craighead ; Threave.

Shalloch Mill.

Woodland Point.

Bargany Pond Burn.

Bargany Pond Burn.

Bargany Pond Burn ; Penkill.

Straiton.

Balclatchie.

Mulloch ; Penwhapple.

Woodland Point.

Mulloch ; Penkill.

Newlands ; Penkill.

Woodland Point ; Camregan.

Ardmillan ; Camregan.

Craighead ; Woodland Point.

Craighead
Craighead

Woodland Point.
I Mulloch.;
Craighead.
Threave.
Balclatchie.

Craighead ; Balclatchie.
Ardmillan.

Ardmillan.

Woodland Point.

Dow Hill.!

Penkill.
Shalloch Mill ; Threave.
Shalloch Mill ; Rough Neuk.
Dow Hill ; Bargany Pond Burn.
Cuddystone Glen.
Cuddystone Glen.
Craighead.
Penkill.
Craighead.
Woodland Point.
Ardmillan ; Threave.

Craighead
Newlands
Craighead
Craighead

B2.

D3.

C3.

B2-C1.

C2-C3.

B2-C5.

B2-C1.

B2-C1.

B2.

C3.

B2.

B2.

B2.

D3.

B2F1.

01.

B2-C5.

C5.

B2-C5.

C3.

D2.

D3.

D3.

D3-EL

Fl.

01.

D1-E1.

D2.

Dl-Eh

D2-E1.

D2-D3.

C1-D3.

B2- 1)2.

B2- D2.

B2-D1.

B2.

C5.

01.

B2-C1.

01.

B2-CL

D2.

B2-CL

B2-E1.

C3-C5.

C3-D1.

C1-D3.

D3.

D3.

B2.

D3.

B2.

D2.

C1-C5.

IN THE SOUTH OF SCOTLAND.

437

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

Ambonychia amygdalina, Hall.

A. bellistriata, Hall.

A. orbicularis, Conr.

A. radiata, Emm.

Area Edmondiaeformis, M'Coy.

Avicula Danbyi, M'-Coy.

A. elliptica, Hall.
Cardipla fibrosa, Sow.
C. striata, Sow.
Cleidophorus sp.
Ctenodonta anglica, d'Orb.
C. astartaeformis, Salt.

C. Eastnori, Murch.

C. levata, Hall.

C. (Nucula) subacuta, M'-Coy.

C. varicosa, Salt.

Cucullella sp.

Goniophora cymbaeformis, Sow.

Grammy sia sp.

Lunulicardium elegans, Salt.

Modiolopsis modiolaris, Conr.

Mytilus gradatus, Salt.

M. mytilimeris, Conr.

M. semirugatus, Portl.

Orthonota contracta, Hall.

0. prora, Salt.

0. rigida, Sow.

0. semisulcata, Sow.

0. simplex, Portl.

0. truncata, Sow.

0. iindata, Sow.

Palaearca modiolaris, Salt.

P. quadrata, Salt.

Pleurprhynchus (Conocardium;

diptems, Salt.
P. pristis, Salt.
Pterinea hyans, M'Coy.
P. pleuroptera, Conr.
P. Sowerbyana, M'-Coy.
P. tenuistriata, WCoy.

GASTEROPODA.

Bellerophon acutus, Sow.

B. argo, Bill.

B. bilpbatus, Sow.
B. carinatus, Sow.
B. dilatatus, >So^/;.
B. elongatus, Portl.
B. expansus, *S'ow.
B. fastigiatus, Linds.
B. perturbatus, Sow.
B. punctifrons, ^?nm.
B. sphaera, Linds.
B. squamosus, Linds.
B. subdecussatus, M'Coy.

Craighead ; Woodland.

Penkill.

Mulloch ; Woodland.

Craighead ; Shalloch Mill.

Ardmillan.

Glen wells.

Woodland Point.

Penwhapple ; Straiten.

Penkill.

Kirkdominae.

Balclatchie.

Ardmillan ; Dow Hill.

Threave.

Balclatchie.

Balclatchie.

Ardmillan.

Straiten.

Woodland Point ; Penkill.

Straiten.

Penwhapple.

Ardmillan.

Shalloch Mill.

Woodland Point ; Penkill.

Penkill.

Craighead.

Threave,

Camregan.

Mulloch Hill.

Mulloch Hill.

Straiton.

Mulloch ; Newlands.

Mulloch Hill.

Mulloch Hill.

Craighead : Balclatchie.
Mulloch Hill.
Rough Neuk.

o

Straiton.
Threave.
Camregan.

Craighead ; Ardmillan.
Shalloch ; Threave.
Ardmillan ; Threave.
Shalloch ; Threave.
Mulloch ; Woodland.
Threave.

Ardmillan ; Penkill.
Bougang.
Drummuck.
Craighead.
Woodland Point.
Threave ; Mulloch Hill.
Drummuck ; Mulloch,

B2-D2.

D3.

D1-D2.

B2-C3.

01.

Dl.

D2.

E1-F1.

D3.

B3.

01.

01.

C5.

Cl.

01.

01.

PI.

D2-D3.

PI.

El.

Cl.

C3.

D2-D3.

D3.

B2.

06.

D3.

Dl.

DL

Fl.

D1-D2.

Dl.

Dl.

B2-C1.

Dl.

Dl.

PL

05.

D3.

B2-C1.

C3-C5.

C1-C5.

C3-C5.

D1-D2.

05.

C1-D3.

B2.

05.

B2.

D2.

C5-D1.

C5-D1.

438

THE SILURIAN ROCKS

Ardmillan ; Threave.
Drummuck.
Mulloch Hill.

Bellerophon trilobatus, Sow.
B. Urei (?), Flem.

B. wenlockensis, Sow.
Bucania profunda, Hall.
Chelodes (Helminthochiton)

Grayae, Woodw.
Cyclonema carinatum, Sow.

C. crebristria, M'Coy.

Cyrtolites euryomphalus, Linds. Newlands.
C. orbiculus, Linds. Balclatchie.

Ecculiomphalus Bucklandi,

Portl

E. laevis, Sow.
E. minor, Portl.
E. scoticus, M'Coy.
Euomphalus funatus, Sow.
E. granulatus, Portl.
Fusispira elongata, Hall.
Holopea lymnaepides, Forbes.
H. paludiniformis, Hall.
Holopella obsoleta, Sow.
H. tenuicincta, M'Coy.
Loxpnema elegans, M'Coy.
L. simiosum, Sow.
Maclurea Logani, Salt.
M. Maccoyi, Salt.
M. (Ophileta) macromphala,

Craighead.

Threave Glen.
Shalloch Mill.
Ardmillan.

Craighead ; Shalloch Mill.

Craighead ; Shalloch Mill.

Ardmillan.

Ardmillan.

Shalloch Mill.

Mulloch.

Woodland Point.

Threave.

Craighead.

Threave ; Mulloch.

Mulloch Hill.

Threave.

Drummuck.

Craighead ; Bougang.

Minuntion.

Craighead ; Minuntion.
Aldons ; Minuntion.
Balclatchie.
Mulloch Hill.
Craiffhead.

M'Coy.

M. magna, Lesu.
M. matutina, Hall.
Macro chilina elongata, Portl.
Metoptoma sp.
Murchisonia angulata, Phil.
M. cancellatula, M^Coy.
M. elongata, Portl.

M. (Ectomaria ?) exigua, Donald. Minuntion.
M. (E.) girvanensis, Donald. Minuntion.
M. gracilis, Hall. Minuntion.

M. (Hormotoma) Grayana, Don. Woodland Point.

Bougang.
Mulloch Hill.
Rough Neuk.

Bougang ; Balclatchie.
Threave.
Drummuck.
Balclatchie.

M. gyrogonia, M^Coy.

M. obscura, Portl.

M. pulchra, M'Coy.

M. simplex, M'Coy.

M. (Pleurotomaria) turrita,

Portl

M. vitellia, Bill.
Ophileta compacta, Salt.
0. nerine, Bill.
0. sp.

Oriostoma angulatum, Linds.
0. discors, Soiv.
Platyceras cornutum, His.
P. (Acroculia) haliotis, Sow.
Platyschisma (Trochus) helicites,

Soiv. Threave.

Pleurotomaria alata, Wahl. Drummuck
P. aequilatera, Wahl. Drummuck

Drummuck.
Minuntion.
Balclatchie ; Threave.
Shalloch Mill.
Craighead.
Mulloch Hill.
Shalloch Mill.
Newlands ; Camregan.
Threave.

Woodland.

C1-C5.
C5.
Dl.
B2.

C5.
C3.

Cl.
D2.
01.

B2-C3.
B-2-C3.
01.

Cl.

C3.

DL

D2.

C5.

B2.

C5-D1.

Dl.

C5.

Co.

B2.

B2.

B2.

B2.

Cl.

Dl.

B2.

B2.

Dl.

Dl.

B2.

B2.

B2.

D2.

B2-C1.

C5.

C5.

Cl.

06,

B2.

CL-C5.

C3.

B2.

Dl.

C3.

D2-D3.

05.

05.

C5-D2.

05.

IN THE SOUTH OF SCOTLAND.

439

Pleurotomaria claustrata, Linds.
P. (Raphistoma) lenticularis.
P. Milleri Rogers = P. bicincta,

Hall.

P. Moorei, Salt.

P. (Euomphalus)qualteriata, Schl.
P. scutulata, Linds.
P. trochiformis, Portl.
Raphistoma aequalis, Salt.
R. planistria, var. parva, Hall.
Tremanotus sp.
Trochus Moorei, M^Coy.
Trochonema sp.

PTEROPODA (?).

Conularia aspersa, Linds.

C. bilineata, Linds.

C. elongata, Portl.

C. Sowerbyi, Def.

C. subtilis, Salt.

Hyolithes acutus, Eichw.

H. corrugatus, Salt.

H. elegans, Barr.

H. (Theca) operculatus, Salt.

H. re versus, Salt.

H. triangularis, Portl.

H. vaginulus, £afa.

Pterotheca corrugata, Salt.

P. transversa, ^

CEPHALOPODA.

Cyrtoceras annulatum, Hall.

C. arcuatum, Hall.

C. compressum, /SW-.

C. inaequiseptum, Portl.

C. multicameratum, Hall.

C. scoticum, Blake.

C. victor, £t/rr (?).

Endoceras strangulatum, Hall.

E. trochleare, ^'.5.

Gomphoceras cinctum, Blake.

G. crater, Blake.

Orthoceras angulatum, Wahl.

0. annulatum, Soio.

0. arcuoliratum, ZTaZZ.

0. argus, Barr.

0. Avelini, iS'a^.

0. bilineatum, Hall.

0. bullatum, Sow.

0. calamiteum.

0. carinatum, Munst.

0. distans, /S'ow.

0. fimbriatum, Sou:

0. fusifprme,

0. gracile, Portl.

0. Grayi, Blake.

0. Grindrodi,

Mnlloch Hill.
Minuntion.

Minuntion.

Mulloch Hill.

Minuntion ; Newlands.

Woodland Point.

Ardmillan.

Balclatchie.

Threave.

Threave.

Mulloch Hill.

Mulloch Hill.

Woodland Point.
Threave ; Mulloch.
Craighead ; Dow Hill.
Craighead.
Woodland Point.
Balclatchie.
Drummuck.
Threave.
Balclatchie.
Balclatchie ; Threave.
Ardmillan ; Threave.
Ardmillan ; Threave.
Balclatchie.
Ardmillan.

Mulloch Hill.

Woodland Point.

Penkill.

Minuntion.

Bougang.

Craighead.

Threave.

Balclatchie ; Threave.

Ardwell.

Camregan.

Woodland Point.

Threave ; Penkill.

Pemvhapple Glen.

Shalloch Mill.

Drummuck.

Ardmillan.

Craighead ; Shalloch Mill.

Whitehouse Bay; Woodland Point.

Knockgerran.

Ardwell.

Woodland Point.

Bargany Pond Burn.

Penkill ; Penwhapple.

Shalloch Mill.

Bargany Pond Burn.

Penkill.

Dl.
B2.

B2.

Dl,

B2-D2.

D2.

01.

01.

C5.

C5.

Dl.

Dl.

D2.

C5-D1.

B2-C1.

B2.

D2.

01.

C5.

C5.

01.

01-05.

C1-C5.

C1-C5.

01.

01.

Dl.

D2.

D3.

B2.

B2.

B2.

05.

01-05.

02.

D3.

D2.

C5-E1.

El.

C3.

C5.

01.

B2-C3.

C3-D2.

02.

C2.

D2.

D3.

D3-E1.

03.

D3.

D3-E1.

440 THE SILURIAN ROCKS

Orthoceras ibex, Sow. Ardmillan. 01.

0. imbricatum, Wahl. Threave ; Penkill. C5-D3.

0. ludense, Sow. Shalloch ; Threave. C3-C5.

0. MacLareni, Salt. Straiten. Fl.

0. mocktreense, Sow. Woodland Point. D2.

0. multicinctum, Hall. Penkill. D3.

0. pendens, Blake. Trochrague. B3.

0. politum, M'Coy. Pinmore ; Penwhapple. B2-C2.

0. primaevum, Forbes. Penkill. D3.

0. subundulatum, Portl. Dow Hill ; Straiton. Cl-Fl.

0. temiicinctum, Portl. Mulloch ; Woodland. D1-D2.

0. tracheale, Sow. Woodland Point. D2.

0. vagans, Salt. Shalloch Mill ; Threave. C3-C5.

0. vaginatum, Schl. Ardwell. C2.

Phragmoceras arcuatum, Sow. Mulloch Hill. Dl.

Poterioceras sp. Mulloch ; Penkill. D1-D3.

Trochoceras aspersum, Barr. (?). Woodland Point. D2.

T. (Lituites) cornuarietes, Sow. Mulloch Hill. Dl.

Trocholites planorbiformis, Com. Craighead. B2.

LESMAHAGOW DISTRICT.

To the north of the margin of the Silurian tableland and within the area
occupied by the Old Red Sandstone, there are several inliers of Upper
Silurian strata, ranging from Wenlock to Downtonian time, which have
been exposed at the surface by the folding and denudation of the younger
Palaeozoic rocks. These may be grouped as follows :

1. The inlier near Lesmahagow (L in fossil list).

2. The inlier of the Hagshaw Hills (H in fossil list).

3. The inlier at Carmichael (C in fossil list).

4. The inlier south of Tinto.

Of the foregoing areas, by far the most important is that near Lesinaha-
gow, where the strata are arranged in a gentle anticline, only the northern
limb of which is preserved. The strata are admirably exposed in the Logan
Water, Birkenhead Burn, and adjoining streams.

The passage-beds, comprising conglomerates and sandstones, with green
and red mudstones, overlying comformably the Ludlow rocks, and formerly
regarded as the base of the Old Red Sandstone, are now grouped with the
Silurian strata. They have yielded a fauna consisting of ostracods, phyllo-
carid crustaceans, eurypterids, and fishes ; some of the fishes being identical
with those in the underlying Ludlow rocks. The various subdivisions
adopted by the Geological Survey are given in the following table x :

1 Memoir of the Geological Survey, "The Silurian Rocks of Scotland," p. 568.

IN THE SOUTH OF SCOTLAND.

441

SUB-DIVISION OF THE UPPER SILURIAN KOCKS.

Hi
g«

o ft

Volcanic

Series.

3. Andesites and tuffs (volcanic zone).

2. Chocolate-coloured sandstones with Cephalaspis
Lyelli.

1. Conglomerate with greywacke pebbles.

Unconformability in the Pentland Hills and in Ayrshire ;
apparent conformability in Lanarkshire.

55

^

w
P

P4

OH

Downtonian.

Ludlow.

Weniock.

/ll. Chocolate-coloured sandstones — 1200 feet in Lesnia-
hagow iulier.

10. Conglomerate with large pebbles of quartzite — 100
feet in Lesmahagow inlier.

9. Green and red mudstones, with bands of grey shale
and greywacke, containing seams with fishes and
crustaceans — 100 feet in Lesmahagow inlier.

8. Red and yellow false-bedded sandstones and red mud-
stones — 1300 feet in Lesmahagow inlier.

7. Conglomerate of local occurrence, with small pebbles
of Arenig volcanic rocks, radiolarian cherts, etc.,
resting conformably on Ludlow shales — 88 to 150
feet in the Hagshaw Hills anticline.

I 6. Green flaggy and sandy greywackes, with partings of
grey and red mudst-one — about 130 feet.

5. Blue, grey, and green shales with sandy mudstones
and greywackes, occasionally weathering with a
rusty colour — 200 feet (Trochus beds).

4. Hard blue and grey flaggy shales and mudstones with
occasional bands of calcareous nodules — 350 feet
(Pterygotus beds).

3. Hard grey flagstones and bands of hard greywacke,
with bands and zones of dark fissile calcareous
flaggy shales, weathering rusty brown — 500 feet
(Ctratiocaris beds and Ludlow fish-band).

2. Grey, blue, and olive shales, with occasional greywacke
bands— 300 feet.

f 1. Hard bands of greywacke in the shale partings — 1300
\ feet.

Two lists of fossils are appended, one from the Weniock and Ludlow rocks
and the second from the Downtonian strata.

442 THE SILURIAN ROCKS

FOSSILS FROM THE WENLOCK-LuDLOW INLIERS OF LiESMAHAGOW, THE
HAGSHAW HILLS, AND CARMICHAEL BURN, LANARKSHIRE AND AYRSHIRE

HYDROZOA.

Monograptus vomerinus, Nick. Hagshaws.

M. sp. Carmichael Burn.
ACTINOZOA.

Alveolites repens, Fougt.

Favosites asper, d'Orb. Hagsbaws.

Lindstromia sp. Hagshaws.

CRINOIDEA.

Crinoid stems. Hagshaws.

ANNELIDA.

Cornulites sp. Hagshaws.

Spirorbis Lewisi, /Vow. Waterhead, L.

S. sp. Logan Water, L.

OSTRACODA.

Beyrichia (Entomis) impendens, J. Hagshaws.

B. Kloedeni, M'Coy. Logan Water, L., H., C.

B. Kloedeni, var. torosa, ./. Logan Water, L.

B. (Entomis) tuberosa, •/. Hagshaws.
Entomis sp. Hagshaws.

PHYLLOCARIDA.

Calyptocaris striata, Eth. Jnr. Carmichael Burn.
Ceratiocaris angusta, •/. and Woodw. Logan Water, L.

C. laxa, J. and Woodw. Shank's Castle, L.
C. longa, Woodw. and Jones. Shank's Castle, L.
C. Murcnisoni, IPCoy. Shank's Castle, L.

C. papilio, Salt. Logan Water, L., H.

C. patula, Jones and Woodw. Logan Water, L.

C. robusta, Salt. Linn Burn, L.

C. Stygia, Salt. Logan Water, L.

C. tyrannus, Salt. Logan Water, L.

C. sp. Shank's Castle, L.

TRILOBITA.

Calymene Blumenbachi, Brong. Hagshaws.

Encrinurus sp. Hagshaws.

Illaenus sp. Hagshaws.

Phacops sp. Hagshaws.

Proetus Stokesi, Murch. Hagshaws.

XlPHOSURA.

Neolimulus falcatus, Woodw. Dunside, L

EURYPTERIDA.

*

Eurypterus lanceolatus, Salt. Dunside, L.

E. obesus, Woodw. Dunside, L.

E. scorpioides, Woodw. Dunside, L.

Pterygotus bilobus, Salt. Dunside, L.

P. bilobus, var. accidens, Woodw. Dunside, L.

P. bilobus, var. inornatus, Woodw. Dunside, L.

P. bilobus, var. perornatus, Salt. Dunside, L.

P. bilobus, var. raniceps, Woodw. Dunside, L.

IN THE SOUTH OF SCOTLAND. 443

Slimonia acuminata, Salt. Logan Water, L.H.

Stylonurus Logani, Woodw. Dunside, L.

ARACHSIDA.

Palaeophonus caledonicus, Hunter. Logan House, L.

MYRIAPODA.

Archidesmus loganensis, Peach. Logan House, L.

A. sp. Shank's Castle, L.

POLYZOA.

Ceriopora sp. Hagshaws.

BRACHIOPODA.

Athyris (Glassia) compressa, flow. Hagshaws.

Lingula cornea. Blackberry Burn, L.

L. Lewis! . Logan Water, L.

L. minima, Sow. Logan Water, L.

Orthis Bouchardi, Dae. Hagshaws.

0. (Dalmanella) elegantula, Dalm. Hagshaws.

0. polygramma, Sow. Hagshaws.

0. sp. Nutberry Hill, L.

Rhynchonella sp. Hagshaws.
Strophomena (Leptaena) rhomboi-

dalis, Wilck. Hagshaws.

LAMELLIBRAXCHIATA.

Anadontopsis bulla, M*Coy. Logan Water, L.

A. lucina, Salt. Logan Water, L.

Ctenodonta obesa, Salt. Logan Water, L.

C. sp. Hagshaws.

Gonipphora cymbaeformis, Sow. Waterhead, L.

Modiolopsis complanata, Sow. Waterhead, L.

M. Nilssoni, His. Logan Water, Waterhead, L.

Mytilus mytilimeris, Conr. Logan Water, L.

Orthonota amygdalina, Sow. Logan Water, L.

0. impressa, Sow. Logan Water, Waterhead, L.

0. rotundata, Sow. Water-head, L.

0. solenoides, Sow. Logan Water, Waterhead, L.

0. sp. Logan Water, L., H.

Pterinea pleuroptera, Conr. Logan Water, L.

P. retroflexa, Wahl. Logan Water, L.

P. retroflexa, var. naviformis, Conr. Logan Water, L.

GASTEROPODA.

Holopella obsoleta, Sow. Logan Water, L.

Murchisonia sp. Nutberry Hill, L.
Platyschisma (Trochus) helicites,

Sow. Logan Water, L.

PTEROPODA (?).

Theca (Hyolithes) Forbesi, Sharpe. Logan Water, L.
T. sp.

CEPHALOPODA.

Orthoceras angulatum, Wahl. Hagshaws.

0. dimidiatum, Sow. Carmichael Burn.

0. gracile, Portl. Hagshaws.

444

THE SILURIAN ROCKS

Orthoceras MacLareni, Salt.
0. sp.

PISCES.

Birkenia elegans, Traq.
Thelodus planus, Traq.
T. scoticus, Traq.

Fish remains indt.

INCERTAE SEDIS.

Dictyocaris Ramsayi, Salt.
D Slimoni, Salt.

Podowrin, H., L.
Hagshaws.

Shanks' Castle, L.

Logan House, L.

Shanks' Gas., Logan House, Linn

Burn, L.
Logan House, L.

Shanks' Gas., Logan Water, L., H.
Blackberry Burn, L.

FOSSILS FROM THE DOWNTONIAN BOCKS OF THE LESMAHAGOW AND

HAGSHAW HILLS AREAS.

Pachytheca sp.

Parka sp.
P. sp. nov.
Sponge.

Spirorbis sp.

Beyrichia sp.

Ceratiocaris laxa, Jones & Woodw.

C. sp.

Eurypterus dolicoschelus, Laurie.

E. sp.

E. small sp.

Pterygotus bilobus, Salt.

Slimonia acuminata, Salt.

Stylonurus ornatus, Laurie.

S. sp.

Scorpion, fragment.

Myriapod.

Glauconome disticha, Goldf.

Ateleaspis tessellata, Traq.

Birkenia elegans, Traq.
Lanarkia horrida, Traq.
L. spinosa, Traq.
L. spinulosa, Traq.

Lasanius armatus, Traq.
L. problematicus, Traq.

Thelodus scoticus, Traq.

INCERTAE SEDIS.
Dictyocaris sp.
Chain of discs ( = ? sponge).

L.

Smithv

Seggholm, Dippal,

Burn, H.
Dippal, L.
Dippal, L.
Seggholm, L. ; Monk's Water, Smithy

Burn, H.
Smithy Burn, H.
Birkenhead Burn, L.
Seggholm, L.

Birkenhead Burn, Dippal, L.
Seggholm, Dippal, L. ; Smithy Burn, H.
Birkenhead Burn, L.
Monk's Water, H.
Birkenhead Burn, L.
Birkenhead Burn, L.
Seggholm, L.
Birkenhead Burn, L.
Monk's Water, H.
Seggholm, L.
Smithy Burn, H.
Birkenhead Burn, Seggholm, L. ;

Smithy Burn, H.
Birkenhead Burn, Seggholm, Dippal,

L. ; Monk's Water, H.
Birkenhead Burn, Seggholm, Dippal,

L. ; Monk's Water, H.
Birkenhead Burn, Seggholm, Dippal,

L. ; Monk's Water, H.
Birkenhead Burn, Seggholm, Dippal,

L. ; Monk's Water, H.
Seggholm, L.
Birkenhead Burn, Seggholm, Monk's

Water, Smithy Burn, H.
Birkenhead Burn, Dippal, Seggholm,

L. ; Monk's Water, H.

L., H., C.
L., H.

THE TRILOBITES OF THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF
SOUTHWEST SCOTLAND.

BY B. N. PEACH, F.R.S.

THE area under consideration is one in which there is an almost unbroken
succession of rocks recording continuous deposition from Lower Arenig up to
the close of Downtonian time — in fact nearly the whole of the Silurian
period. During this prodigious lapse of time trilobites became the most
prominent marine arthropods, the}7 culminated in the Caradoc period, waned
during Upper Silurian and Devonian time, while their last lingering remains
finally disappeared within the Carboniferous period. As will be seen in the
sequel the trilobite remains found in the Silurian rooks of the area, and more
especially of the Girvan region, strongly bear out this conclusion.

LOWER SILURIAN.

During the deposition of the Arenig and Lower Llandeilo rocks of the area,
which appear to have accumulated in an open sea free from land-borne sedi-
ment during pauses of volcanic activity, the conditions appear to have been
so unfavourable to trilobite life that not a vestige of their remains has been
recorded from rocks of these horizons. Towards the close of Upper Llandeilo
time, however, when earth-movements had reared these pelagic strata above
the surface over a great part of the area, trilobites appeared in profusion
among the denizens of the shore, and their remains are numerous and well-
preserved in the rocks representing the finer sediments derived from the
newly emerged land. In the Girvan district the chief horizons in which
they occur, -beginning at the lowest strata and working upwards, are as
follows :

The Stinchar limestone, proved by graptolite evidence to be near the top
of the Upper Llandeilo rocks, occurs between the massive Kirkland and
Benan conglomerates, and, together with its associated mudstones probably
representing a pause in the uplift, has yielded 18 species belonging to
14 genera, the forms being of Caradoc facies as shown by R. Etheridge, Jnr. '

The next horizon is that of the Balclatchie mudstones overlying the great
Benan conglomerate. From the graptolites yielded by the associated beds,
which are those of the intermediate zone between the Glen kiln and Hartfell
subdivisions, these beds must lie somewhere near the base of the Caradoc
rocks of the region. These fine green mudstones have been looked upon by
some observers as volcanic tuffs, but, like the Benan conglomerate itself, they
are evidently only the ordinary detritus from the rocks of the ridged up
Arenig volcanic group. They are exposed at Dow Hill and Ardmillan Braes

i "A Monograph of the Silurian Fossils of the Girvan District in Ayrshire," vol. i.
By H. A. Nicholson and R. Etheridge, Jur., 1880.

446 THE TRILOBITES OF

to the south of Girvan as well as at the typical locality of Balclatchie. The
mudstones have yielded the most abundant and best preserved remains of
trilobites obtained from the Girvan region, belonging to 31 species falling
under 18 genera, the facies being on the whole similar to that of the forms
obtained from the Stinehar limestone.

A third horizon from which trilobites have been obtained is of Middle
Caradoc age, the beds being found at Whitehouse Bay and Shalloch Mill on
the coast south of Girvan, where they consist of calcareous shales. These
have yielded a special group of forms among which are Agnostus perrugatus,
Bohemilla sp., Cydopyge armata, 0. rediviva, Dindymene Cordai, and Dionide
Lapworthi.

The next horizon lies at or near the top of the Caradoc subdivision and
comprises the highest beds of the Lower Silurian series in Girvan. They are
the well-known mudstones of Drummuck, almost identical in character with
those of Balclatchie, and the prolific "Starfish Bed" of Threave, both the
localities being in the inlier of Silurian rocks north of the Girvan valley.
From these beds 16 species belonging to 12 genera have been obtained.
Among these occur Agnostus agnostiformis and Remopleurides Colbii, the
last surviving remains of the two great Cambrian families of the Agnostidae
and Oleuidae respectively, no member of which is known to pass up into
Upper Silurian rocks. The Lower Silurian family of Trinucleidae is repre-
sented by Trinucleus seticornis and its variety T. Bucklandi, typical Upper
Bala forms, and Ampyjo rostratus, and Dionide Lapworthi, being only known in
the Girvan region from the Whitehouse horizon. This is also the last appear-
ance of any member of the family.

The other genera which occur in the Lower Silurian rocks of Girvan and

the southwest of Scotland, but which do not pass up into the Upper Silurian

horizons, are as follows : Asaphus, Ogygia, Cydopyge (Aeglina), Stygina,

Bronteopsis, Barrandia, Sdlteria, Bohemilla, Deiphon, Sphaerexochus, Cybele,

.and Dindymene.

Outside the Girvan area the only other Lower Silurian rocks that have
yielded trilobite remains are those of Duntercleugh and Snar Water near
Leadhills, Wallace's Cast on the Wandel Water near Abington, and Culter
Water and Kilbucho further to the east. The rocks in which they occur are
all of similar type, conglomerates and coarse grits with calcareous nodules,
associated with calcareous shales. That the rocks at the different localities
are on one horizon is shown by the trilobite remains which they have yielded,
numbering 11 species belonging to 8 genera, which are all of Lower Caradoc
facies and very similar to those from the Balclatchie mudstones of Girvan.
The horizon is proved to be probably that of the Dicranog raptus Clingani
sub-zone of the Hartfell group from the relation of the conglomerates to the
black shales of the neighbourhood where they occur.

UPPER SILUEIAN.

Returning to the Girvan area, the lowest members of the Llandovery rocks,
viz., the shelly mudstones of Mulloch Hill and Rough Neuk, localities to
the northeast of Girvan, have yielded the remains of 9 genera and 12 species
of trilobites. The next horizon is found at Woodland Point, south of Girvan,
in beds belonging to the Monograptus gregarius zone of the Birkhill group.
These rocks have yielded 14 species belonging to 9 genera, many of the forms
being common with those from the Mulloch Hill beds and the horizon next
to be considered. The next horizon is that of the Rastrites maxirnus sub-zone,
the highest of the Birkhill group and the top of the Llandovery rocks. The
beds are exposed at Penkill and in the Bargany Pond Burn to the south of
the Girvan Water between Girvan and Dailly. The beds there have yielded
J16 species belonging to 9 genera. A few trilobites have been obtained from
-a somewhat higher horizon, Tarannon, in Penkill Burn.

THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF SOUTHWEST SCOTLAND. 447

From the rocks of Blair and Knockgardner between Girvan and Straiton,
which represent a still higher horizon, either at the top of the Tarannons or
the base of the Wenlock series, the following species have been obtained :
Catymene Blumenbachi, Encrinurus punctatus and its variety E, arenaceus,
Phacops Downingiae, P. Stokesi, and Proetus Stokesi.

The genera of trilobites found in the Upper Silurian rocks of Girvan, all of
which made their appearance in Lower Silurian times and occur in those
rocks at Girvan, are, Acidaspis, Bronteus, Calymene, Cheirurus, Encrinurus,
Harpes, Ulaenus with its sub-genera Dysplanus and Bumastus, Lichas, Phacops,
Proetus, and Staurocephalus. The genera Homalonotus and Phillipsia occur
in the Lower Silurian rocks of the area, the former at Duntercleuch, and the
latter represented by Phillipsia parabola at Threave. Though these genera
are not represented in the Upper Silurian rocks of Girvan they pass up else-
where, the former to the Devonian, and the latter as far as the Carboniferous.
Beyond the Girvan area the only band of Upper Silurian rocks that has
yielded trilobites is found among the Wenlock-Ludlow rocks of the Hagshaw
Hill inlier of Lanarkshire. The locality is near High Broomerside on the
Podowrin Burn, a tributary of the Douglas Water, and the strata consist of
shales. These have yielded to Mr. Macconochie Calymene Blumenbachi,
Encrinurus sp., Ulaenus sp., Phacops sp., and Proetus Stokesi, a group almost
identical with that from Blair and Straiton in the Girvan region.

It will be seen from the above that the distribution of the trilobite
remains is similar to that which obtains elsewhere in Britain and Europe
generally. The whole facies is European, even down to the forms that occur
in the Stinchar limestone, though the corals of that zone were shown by
Nicholson to be of American facies,1 and the peculiar American gasteropod
genera Maclurea and Ophileta which occur in it have only been found else-
where in Europe in the Durness limestone. The forms have a nearer
affinity with those of Bohemia than those of Scandinavia and Eussia, and it
is evident that they belong to the same great geographical and biological
province. The constant association of trilobite remains with mudstones and
shales in the area under consideration seems to point to muddy sea-bottoms
not far from shore having been their favourite habitat, a fortunate circum-
stance, since it favoured the preservation of their moults and their dead
bodies for our study.

i Op. cit., p. 95.

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF
SOUTHWEST SCOTLAND.

BY B. N. PEACH, F.R.S.

PHYLLOCAEIDA.

THE phyllocarids are represented by Caryocaris Wrighti in the Arenig
rocks of Balcreuchan Port and Bennane Head near Ballantrae, and of
Ravensgill near Abington, the form being also found elsewhere in rocks of this
horizon. The Caradoc rocks of Girvan have yielded two genera and species,
viz. Pinnof-aris Lapworthi, which occurs in the Balclatchie sandstones at their
base, and Solenocaris solenoides in the Drummuck and Threave beds near their
upper limit. In the Tarannon rocks of Blackwood Head, near Dailly,
Discinocaris gigas has been found. This form occurs at Moffat in the Birkhill
shales at a somewhat lower horizon along with D. browniana and Peltocaris
aptychoides. These two latter forms have been recorded from the Birkhill
shales, outcrops between Portpatrick and the Mull of Galloway, and reappear
along with these shales in Ireland on the opposite shore of the Channel at
Coalpit Bay, near Donaghadee. A form doubtfully referred to Peltocaris
has been recorded by Mrs. Gray from Penkill in the Girvan area.

The genus Aptychopsis has not yet been recorded from the Girvan area,
nor from the Wenlock rocks of the northwest margin of the southern
uplands, but two species have been recorded from the Tarannon and
Wenlock rocks of Burrow Head to the south of Wigtown. All the forms
above enumerated seem to have associated with graptolites, as they are
mostly found embedded in graptolite-shales, and seem like the graptolites to
have flourished best at or near the limit of sedimentation.

The genus Ceratiocaris is the prevailing phyllocarid form in the Wenlock-
Ludlow rocks of Lesmahagow and the Hagshaw Hills, no fewer than nine
species having been recorded from these beds. They occur in such numbers
in certain bands that they have given the name to a very important
sub-zone of the Ludlow rocks of the Lesmahagow inlier, viz. that from which
the Ludlow fish- and scorpion-remains have been obtained. It is from these
beds that the specimen showing abdominal appendages described by R.
Etheridge, Jnr.,1 and a considerable amount of the material which is
figured by Jones and Woodward in their monograph2 was obtained.

The species of this genus seem to have frequented the muddy bottoms
where slow deposition was going on, for their remains are most numerous in
certain finely-laminated calcareous beds which are comparatively free
from the remains of lamellibranchs and gasteropods which crowd many
of the less finely -laminated beds of the Lesmahagow inlier. In the

1 Memoirs Geol Surv. Scot. " Explanation " of Sheet 23, p. 93.

2 Palaeont. Soc. Monograph on "British Palaeozoic Phyllocarida," part i.

THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF SOUTHWEST SCOTLAND. 449

Wenlock rocks of the southeast border of Scotland their remains are
often found associated with such graptolites as Monograptus priodon, J/.
Flemingii, and Retiolitet Geinitzianus, and witli Orthoceratites, in thinly-
laminated dark shales which weather into layers as fine as writing paper.
In their Monograph on the British Fossil Phyllocarida Professor Jones and
Dr. Woodward make a new genus, Calyptocaris,1 to include the form recorded
by R. Etheridge, Jnr., as Dithyrocaris (?) striata? which was obtained by the
Geological Survey from Carmichael Burn near Carmichael Manse, to the
north of Tinto in Lanarkshire. In 1873, at the time of the publication of
the " Explanation " of Sheet 23, these beds were considered by the Geological
Survey to belong to the Lower Old Red Sandstone formation,3 but their
subsequent work has shown them to be the uppermost zones of the Ludlow
shales, which, together with the Downtonian rocks, make their appearance
upon the back of a denuded isoclinal fold in the midst of Lower Old Red
strata.4

OSTRACODA.

In the Girvan area ostracoda have been found on several horizons. The
lowest horizon is that of the Stinchar limestone which at Aldons lime-
works near Pinmore has yielded five species of the genus Cy there and one
species of Primitia which Professor Rupert Jones considers to be of
eminently Lower Silurian type.

From the Middle Caradoc shales of Whitehouse Bay Mrs. Gray has obtained
the following forms — Aparchites leperditioides, A. subovatus, Beyrichia impar,
Cypridina Grayae, Primitia elongata, var. nuda, P. girvanensis, P. Grayae,
P. Krausei, P. mundula, var. fimbriata, P. mundula, var. Kloedeniana, P.
ulrichiana, and Sulcuna praeurrens.

In the uppermost Caradoc rocks of Threave is the first appearance of the
genus Beyrichia^ represented by B. comma, and the common Upper Silurian
form B. Kloedeni.

In the Upper Silurian rocks of Girvan and Straiten, in the Bargany Pond
Burn, in shales at the top of the Llandovery Rocks, a variety of Beyrichia
Kloedeni occurs, and the Wenlock rocks of Straiten have yielded the familiar
forms Beyrichia Kloeden ?', B. (Entomis) impendens, and Entomis globulosa. In the
main it would appear that these early entomostraca seem to have frequented
the same kind of sea-bottom as that sought out by the trilobites, as their
remains are obtained from the same localities and the same beds.

In areas outside that of Girvan entomostraca swarm in some of the
Wenlock-Ludlow beds of the Lesmahagow and Hagshaw inliers of Lanark-
shire, but they are restricted to one or two species, Beyrichia Kloedeni and
one of its varieties being the principal forms. A species of Entomis also
occurs. A species of Beyrichia is rare in the Downtonian fish-beds.

CIRRIPEDIA.

Two species of Turrilepas have been found in the Lower Silurian rocks of
Girvan at Balclatchie, Whitehouse, and Drummuck, and an unnamed species-
from the Newlands beds in the Llandovery rocks.

1 Palaeontolographical Soc., vol. liii., p. 183, pi. xviii., fig. 7, 1899.

2 Memoirs Geol. &urr. Scot. " Explanation " to Sheet 23, pp. 57 and 100.

3 Ibid., p. 14, par. 24.

4 Mem. Geol. Surv. U.K., vol. i., pp. 586-588.

2F

THE ARTHROPODA FROM THE SILURIAN ROCKS
OF SOUTHWEST SCOTLAND.

BY B. N. PEACH, F.R.S.

ClRRIPEDIA.

Turrilepas Peachi, Nich. and Eth. — Caradoc : Girvan.
T. scotica, JV. and E. — Caradoc : Girvan.
T. Wrighti, Woodw. — Caradoc : Girvan.
T. sp. — Caradoc and Llandoverv : Girvan.
T. sp.

OSTRACODA.

Aparchites leperditioides, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.

A. subovatus, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.
Beyrichia comma, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.

B. impar, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.

B. (Entomis) impendens, «/. — Ludlow : Hagshaw Hills.

B. Kloedeni, M^Coy. — Caradoc to Ludlow : Girvan, Lesmahagow, Hagshaw

Hills, Carmichael Burn.

B. Kloedeni, var. infecta, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.
B. Kloedeni, var. scotica, J. and If oil. — Llandovery : Girvan.
B. Kloedeni, var. torosa, J. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.
B. (Entomis) tuberosa. — Ludlow : Hagshaw Hills.

B. sp. — Downtonian : Lesmahagow.

Cy there aldensis, M^Coy. — Llandeilo : Girvan.

C. aldensis, var. major, J. — Llandeilo : Girvan.
C. Grayana, •/. — Llandeilo : Girvan.

C. Wrightiana, J. and Holl. — Llandeilo : Girvan.

C. sp.— Llandeilo and Llandovery : Girvan.

Cypridina Grayae, ./. — Caradoc : Girvan.

Entomis globulosa, J. — Wenlock : Straiton.

E. sp. — Ludlow : Hagshaw Hills.

Primitia Barrandiana, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.

P. elongata, var. nuda, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.

P. girvanensis, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.

P. Grayae, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.

P. Krausei, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.

P. mundula, var. fimbriata, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.

P. mundula, var. Kloedeniana, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.

P. ulrichiana, J. — Caradoc : Girvan.

PHYLLOCARIDA.

Caryocaris Wrighti, Salt. — Arenig : Girvan, Abington district.
Ceratiocaris angusta, J. and Woodw. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF SOUTHWEST SCOTLAND. 451

Ceratiocaris laxa, •/. and W. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

C. longa, Tr. and J. — -Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

C. Murchisoni, APCoy. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

C. papilio, Salt. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

C. patula, J. and W. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

C. robusta, Salt. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

C. stygia, Salt. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

C. tyrannus, Salt. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

C. sp. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

Discinocaris gigas, ir. — Tarannon : Girvan.

Calyptocaris striata, Eth. Jr. — Ludlow : Carmichael Burn, Lanarkshire.

Pinnocaris Lapworthi, Eth. Jr. — Caradoc : Girvan.

Solenocaris solenoides, T. — Caradoc : Girvan.

TRILOBITA.

Acidaspis bispinosa, IP Coy. — Llandovery : Girvan.

A. Bright!, Murch. — Llandovery : Girvan.

A. Grayae, Eth. Jr. — Caradoc : Girvan.

A. hystrix, Eth. Jr. — Caradoc : Girvan.

A. Lalage, Wyv.-Thom. — Caradoc: Girvan.

A. sp. — Llandovery : Girvan.

Agnostus agnostiformis, MlCoy. — Caradoc : Girvan.

A. perrugatus, Barr.— Caradoc : Girvan.

Ampyx Hornei, K and N. — Llandeilo and Caradoc : Girvan.

A. Maccallumi, Salt. — Caradoc : Girvan.

A. mammillatus, Sars. — Caradoc : Girvan.

A. nasutus, Dalm. — Caradoc : Girvan.

A. nudus, Murch. — Caradoc : Girvan.

A. rostratus, Sars. — Caradoc : Girvan.

Asaphus (Isotelus) gigas, De Kay. — Upper Llandeilo and Lower Caradoc :

Girvan.
A. marginatus, Portl. — U. Caradoc : Girvan.

A. rectifrons, Portl. — U. Llandeilo and L. Caradoc : Girvan.
Barrandia sp. — L. Caradoc : Girvan.

Bohemilla sp. — U. Caradoc : Girvan.

Bronteopsis scotica. Salt. — L. Caradoc : Girvan.

Bronteus Andersoni, E. and jV.—U. Llandeilo to Llandovery : Girvan.

B. hibernicus, Portl. — U. Caradoc : Girvan.

Calymene Blumenbachi, Brong. — U. Llandeilo to Wen lock : Girvan and
Hagshaw Hills.

C. tuberculosa, Salt. — U. Caradoc : Girvan.
C. sp. — L. Caradoc : Abington district.

Cheirums bimucronatus, Murch. — U. Llandeilo to Tarannon : Girvan.

C. clavifrons, Dalm. — L. and U. Caradoc : Girvan and Abington.

C. gelasinosus, Portl. — U. Llandeilo and L. Caradoc : Girvan.

C. Sedgwicki, WCoy. — L. Caradoc : Girvan.

C. trispinosa, Young. — Llandovery : Girvan.

'C. sp. — L. Caradoc : Girvan.

Cybele rugosa, Portl. — Caradoc : Girvan.

C. verrucosa, Dalm. — Caradoc : Girvan.

Cyclopyge armata, Barr. — Caradoc : Girvan.

C. rediviva, Barr. — Caradoc : Girvan.
Deiphon Forbesi, Barr. — L. Caradoc : Girvan.
Dindymene Cordai, E. and N.— Caradoc : Girvan.
Dionide Lapworthi, E. and N. — Caradoc : Girvan.

D. sp. — Caradoc : Girvan.

452 THE ARTHROPODA FROM

Encrinurus punctatus, Brim. — Llandovery to Wenlock : Girvan, Abington

district, Straiten.
E. punctatus, var. arenosus, Salt. — U. Llarideilo to Wenlock : Girvan,

Abington district, Straiten.

E. punctatus, var. calcareus, Salt. — U. Llandeilo to Llandovery : Girvan.
Harpes sp. — U. Llandeilo to Tarannon : Girvan.
Homalonotus sp. — L. Caradoc : Abington district.
Illaenus (Dysplanus) aemulus, Salt. — Llandovery : Abington district.
I. (Bumastus) Barriensis, Murch. — Llandovery : Abington district.
I. (B.) Bowmani, Salt. — U. Llandeilo to L. Caradoc : Abington district.
I. (B.) Maccallumi, Salt. — U. Caradoc : Girvan and Abington district.
I. latus (?), MlCoi/. — U. Llandeilo and L. Caradoc : Girvan and Abington

district.

I. Murchisoni, Salt. — Llandovery : Girvan and Abington district.
I. nexilis, Salt. — U. Caradoc to Llandovery : Girvan and Abington district.
I. Rosenberg!, Eichw. — Llandovery : Girvan.
I. Thomson!, Salt. — Llandovery : Girvan.
I. sp. — Caradoc and Llandovery : Girvan.
Lichas ambiguus, Barr. — Llandovery : Girvan.
L. Barrandei, Flet. — Llandovery : Girvan.
L. Geikiei, E. and N. — U. Caradoc : Girvan.
L. Grayi, Flet. — L. Caradoc : Girvan.

L. hibernicus, Portl. — U. Llandeilo and L. Caradoc : Girvan.
L. laxatus, M'-Coy. — U. Caradoc : Girvan.
L. palmatus, Barr. — Llandovery : Girvan.
L. sp. — L. Caradoc to Llandovery : Girvan.
Ogygia, sp. — Caradoc : Leadhills.

Phacops alifrons, Salt. — L. Caradoc : Abington district.
P. (Acaste) Brongniarti, Portl. — U. Llandeilo to U. Caradoc : Girvan and

Abington.

P. Downingiae, Murch. — Llandovery to Wenlock : Girvan and Straiton.
P. Stokesi, M. Edw. — Wenlock : Hagshaw Hills.
P. sp. — L. Caradoc, Ludlow : Abington, Hagshaw Hills.
Phillipsia parabola, Barr. — U. Caradoc : Girvan.
Proetus girvanensis, E. and N.— L. and U. Caradoc : Girvan.
P. latifrons, M'Coy. — U. Caradoc : Girvan.
P. procerus, E. and N. — U. Caradoc : Girvan.
P. Stokesi, Murch. — Wenlock : Straiton.
Remopleurides Barrandei, E. and N. — L. Caradoc : Girvan.
R. Colbii, Portl. — U. Llandeilo and L. Caradoc : Girvan and Abington.
R. dorsospinifer, Portl. — L. Caradoc : Girvan.

R. laterispinifer, Portl. — U. Landeilo and L. Caradoc : Girvan and Abington.
Salteria primaeva, Wyv.-Thoin. — L. Caradoc : Girvan.
Sphaerexochus mirus, Beyr. — U. Llandeilo to L. Caradoc : Girvan.
Staurocephalus globiceps, Portl. — L. Caradoc to Llandovery : Girvan.
S. unicus, Wyv.-Thom. — L. Caradoc to Llandovery : Girvan.
S. sp. — Llandovery : Girvan.
Stygina latifrons, Portl. — L. Caradoc : Girvan.
Trinucleus concentricus, Eaton.— L. Caradoc : Girvan.
T. Macconochiei, E. and H. — L. Caradoc : Girvan.
T. ornatus, Stern. — L. Caradoc : Girvan.
T. seticornis, His. — U. Caradoc : Girvan.
T. seticornis, var. Bucklandi, Barr. — U. Caradoc : Girvan.

XlPHOSURA.

Neolimulus falcatus, Woodiv. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF SOUTHWEST SCOTLAND. 453

EURYPTERIDA.

Eurypterus lanceolatus, Salt. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

E. obesus, Woodw. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

E. scorpioides, Woodw. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.

E. dolicoschelus, Laurie. — Downtonian : Lesmahagow.

E. sp. — Hagshaw Hills.

Pterygotus bilobus, Salt. — Ludlow and Downtonian : Hagshaw Hills.

P. bilobus. var. accidens, Woodw. — Ludlow : Hagshaw Hills.

P. bilobus, var. inornatus, Woodw. — Ludlow : Hagshaw Hills.

P. bilobus, var. perornatus, Salt. — Ludlow : Hagshaw Hills.

P. raniceps, Woodw. — Ludlow : Hagshaw Hills.

Slimonia acuminata, Salt. — Ludlow and Downtonian : Hagshaw Hills.

Stylonurus Logani, Woodw. — Ludlow : Hagshaw Hills.

S. ornatus, Laurie. — Downtonian : Hagshaw Hills.

ARACHNID A.

Palaeophonus caledonicus, Hunter. — Ludlow : Lesmahagow.
P. sp. — Downtonian : Hagshaw Hills.

MYRIAPODA.

Archidesmus loganensis, Peach. —Ludlow : Lesmahagow.
A. sp. — Ludlow and Downtonian : Lesmahagow.

GRAPTOLITES.
BY PROFESSOR C. LAPWORTH, F.R.S., Birmingham University.

THE Silurian strata of the Basin of the Firth of Clyde contain some of the
richest graptolite-bearing deposits in the world, and the Graptolites which
they afford include examples of all the known families of this group
of fossils.

Researches carried on in the region of the Southern Uplands of Scotland
(a portion of which lies within the limits of the Basin of the Clyde) first
demonstrated the reliability of Graptolites as " zone fossils " for unravelling
the sequence of the British Lower Palaeozoic deposits : and within the last
thirty years these fossils have been keenly studied by foreign geologists and
palaeontologists in Scandinavia, France, Bohemia, Belgium, Canada, the United
States, etc. In these countries, as in Britain, their first-rate importance
as aids in working out the geology of the older stratified rocks has long been
admitted and utilized. Geologists owe it to the Graptolites that they are now
able to divide the Ordovician and Silurian strata into successive chronological
" life zones " corresponding with those demonstrated by means of the
Ammonites for the Jurassic sediments more than half a century ago, and
to parallel satisfactorily the strata containing them in Britain with the
equivalent deposits in Europe and America.

The region of the Southern Uplands of Scotland — of which the basin of
the Upper Clyde forms a part — is the type region for these fossils in Britain
from the stratigraphical point of view. The recent Memoir of the Geological
Survey ("The Silurian Rocks of Britain," vol. i., 1899) gives an admirable and
detailed account of the distribution of Graptolites in the southwest of
Scotland, and of the geology of the Southern Uplands. To this work the
reader is referred.

Graptolites are especially abundant in the Silurian rocks of the basin of
the Upper Clyde at the localities of Wanlockhead and the Leadhills.
Here they constitute the predominant fossils of the district, and are prac-
tically confined to certain black shale bands which run through the
country along the strike of the beds. They are also present, in less abund-
ance, however, in the Silurian strata of the coastal district of Girvan ; but
here they are often associated with crowds of other fossils — Brachiopods,
Trilobites, Cephalopods, etc., and are more generally distributed throughout
the entire succession.

In the Guide Book issued for the members of the British Association at its
last meeting in Glasgow in 1876 ("Catalogue of Western Scottish Fossils,"
J. Armstrong, J. Young, and D. Robertson) four plates by the writer of
figures of the more characteristic Scottish Graptolites were included.
Figures of the common Scottish forms have also been published elsewhere.
See for example the Proceedings of the Belfast Naturalists' Field Club*
Appendix, 1876-1877, and the plates in the Survey Memoir, 1899, cited above.

GRAPTOLITES. 455

The following Catalogue gives the names of the species of Graptolites
hitherto recognised in the Silurian strata of the West of Scotland ; and the
appended Bibliography embraces the titles of those works and papers which
deal with the description and illustration of these Scottish forms, or with
their local or general geological distribution.

The localities for the various Graptolite species are arranged in the
following order :

1. Girvan and Ballantrae district.

2. Currarie and Stinchar district.

3. Wanlockhead district of the Upper Clyde basin.

When the localities belong to different districts they are separated by a
hyphen.

The letters N. and S. in brackets ( ) refer to the northern and southern
portions of the long section in Penwhapple Glen, Girvan district.

The geological range of each species is indicated by the initial letter of the
formation in which it occurs being placed after the name in heavy type.

A. =Arenig: L. = Lower Llandeilo : G. =Glenkiln: H. = Hartfell:

B. = Birkhill : T. = Tarannon : W. = Wenlock.

Fam. Monograptidae.

Rastrites distans, Lapw. — T. Penwhapple Glen (N.).

R. hybridus, Lapw. — B. Saugh Hill : Penwhapple Glen (N.).

R. maximus, Carr. — B. Penwhapple Glen (N.) : Bargany Pond Burn.

R. peregrinus, Barr. — B. Baldrennan Burn : Penwhapple Glen (N.) :
Saugh Hill.

Monograptus argutus, Lapw. — B. Baldrennan Burn.

M. attenuatus, Hopk. — B. Penwhapple Glen (N.) : Baldrennan Burn.

M. Becki, £arr.—T. Penwhapple Glen (N.).

M. concinnus, Lapw. — B. Penwhapple Glen (N.).

M. convolutus, His. — B. Penwhapple Glen (N.) : Saugh Hill.

M. crassus, Lapw. — B. Penwhapple Glen (N.) : Bargany Pond Burn.

M. crenularis, Lapw. — B. Baldrennan Burn.

M. cyphus, Lapw. — B. Sangh Hill : Shalloch Forge : Woodland Point.

M. exiguus, Nich. — T. Penwhapple Glen (N.).

M. fimbriatus, Lapiv.—"B. Baldrennan Burn.

M. Fleming!, Salt.—"W. Lady Burn : Blair Quarry.

M. galaensis, Lapw. — B., W. Penwhapple Glen (N.).

M. gregarius, Lapw. — B. Baldrennan Burn: Penwhapple Glen (N.): Saugh
Hill : Woodland Point.

M. intermedius, Carr. — B. Penwhapple Glen (N.).

M. jaculum, Carr. — B. Penwhapple Glen (N.) : Bargany Pond Burn.

M. leptotheca, Lapw. — B. Baldrennan Burn : Penwhapple Glen (N.): Wood-
land Point : Saugh Hill : Shalloch Forge.

M, lobiferus, J/'(%.— B. Saugh Hill.

M. priodon, Brown. — T. W. Penwhapple Glen (N.).

M. riccartonensis, Lapw. — W. Blair Quarry.

M. runcinatus, Lapw. — B. Penwhapple Glen (N.).

M. Sedgwicki, Portlock.—'R. Penwhapple Glen (N.) : Saugh Hill.

M. tenuis, Portlock.—'B. Glenwells Buru?: Baldrennan Burn: Penwhapple
Glen (N.) : Saugh Hill : Shalloch Forge : Woodland Point.

M. turriculatus, Barr. — T. Penwhapple Glen (N.) : Bargany Pond Burn.

M. vomerinus, Nich. — W. Blair Quarry : Lady Burn.

Cyrtograptus Grayi, Lapw. — T. Penwhapple Glen (N.).

456 GRAPTOLITES.

Fam. Leptograptidae.

Leptograptus flaccidus, Hall. — H. Shalloch Mill : Penwhapple Glen (S.) :

Byne Burn : — Hortin Gill.

Ampliigraptus radiatus, Lapw. — G., H. Castle Hill, Abington.
Pleurograptus linearis, Carr. — H. Shalloch Mill : Penwhapple Glen (S.) :

Byne Burn.
Coenograptus explanatus, Lapw. — G. Wandel Water.

C. gracilis, ffatt.—Gr. Rough .Gill : Eein Gill : Wandel Water: Castle

Hill : Gair Gill : Hortin Gill : Wanlock Water : Duntercleuch Burn.
0. pertenuis, Lapw. — G. — Portandea : — Eein Gill : Wandel Water : Gair

Gill : Hortin Gill : Glengaber Burn : Duntercleuch Burn.
0. surcularis, Hall. — G. Gair Gill : Wanlock Water.

Fam. Dicranograptidae.

Dicellograptus anceps, Nich.—'B.. Lady Burn.

D. complanatus, Lapw. — H. Shalloch Mill : Whitehouse Bay.

D. divaricatus, Hall.—Gr. Port Currarie :— Waudel Water : Key Gill :

Gair Gill.

D. elegans, Carr.—Gr. Rein Gill : Castle Hill ?
D. Forchammeri, Geinitz. — H. Penwhapple Glen : Dalamford : Ardraillan

Shore :— Castle Hill.

D. Forchammeri, var. flexuosus, Lapw.—Gr., H. Castle Hill.
D. intortus, Lapw. — G. Rein Gill : Wandel Water : Castle Hill.
D. moffatensis, Carr. — G., H. Portandea : — Ardmillan Braes : Penwhapple

Glen (S.) :— Rein Gill : Wandel Water : Laggan Gill : Hortin Gill :

Duntercleuch Burn, &c.
D. Morrisi, HopL — H. Whitehouse Bay : Shalloch Mill : Penwhapple

Glen (S.) : Byne Burn.
D. patulpSUS, Lapw.—Gf. Portandea : — Wandel Water : Laggan Gill :

Hortin Gill : Wanlock Water : Glengaber Burn : Duntercleuch

Burn, &c.
D. sextans, Hall. — G. Benan Burn : — Portandea : Port Currarie : — Rein

Gill : Wandel Water : Castle Hill : Laggan Gill : Glengaber Burn :

Duntercleuch Burn, &c.
Dicranograptus formosus, Hopk. — G. Rein Gill : Wandel Water : Castle

Hill : Laggan Gill, &c.
D. Nicholson!, Hopk. — G., H. Pinmore : — Rough Gill : Rein Gill :

Wandel Water : Glengonner Burn : Wanlock Water.
D. ramosus, Hall. — G., H. Craighead : Laggan Gill : Ardmillan Shore :

Penwhapple Glen (S.) : — Rough Gill : Wandel Water : Glengonner

Burn : Wanlock Water : Duntercleuch Burn, &c.
D. ramosus, var. spinosus, Lapw. — Pinmore : — Wandel Water.
D. rectus, hopk. — G. Glengonner Burn.
D. tardiusculus, Lapw. — G., H. Penwhapple Glen (S.) : Ardmillan Braes :

Balclatchie.

D. zic-zac, Lapw. — G. Rein Gill : Wandel Water.
D. zic-zac, var. minimus, Lapw. — G. Castle Hill : Wanlock Water :

Duntercleuch Burn, &c.

Fam. Dichograptidae.

Didymograptus bifidus, Hall.— A. Bennane Head.

D. extensus, Hall. — A. Bennane Head.

D. serratulus, Hall. — G. Wandel Water : Birnock Burn.

D. superstes, Lapw. — G. Benan Burn : — Wandel Water : Wanlock Water :

Glengaber Burn, &c.
Tetragraptus Bigsbyi, Hall.— A. Bennane Head : Pinbain Burn.

GRAPTOLITES. 457

Tetragraptus bryonoides, Hall. — A. Bennane Head : Balcreuchan Port :

Pinbain Burn.

T. fruticosus, Hall. — A. Bennane Head : Raven Gill.
T. Headi, Hall. — A. Balcreuchan Port.
T. quadribrachiatus, Hall. — A. Bennane Head : Pinbain Burn : Raven

Gill.

Phyllograptus typus, Hall. — A. Bennane Head : Pinbain Burn.
Loganograptus Logani, Hall.—Qt. Hortin Gill.
Diehograptus multiplex, Nick. — A. Bennane Head.
D. octobrachlatus, Hall. — A. Bennane Head.
D. reticulatus, Nick. — A. Bennane Head.

Fam. Diplograptidae.

Diplograptus angustifolius, Hall, var. euglyphus, Lapw. — G. Benan

Burn : — Rein Gill : Duntercleuch Burn : Wanlock Water, &c.
D. foliaceus, Murch. — G., H. Portandea.
D. foliaceus, var. vulgatus, Lapw. — G. Craighead : Laggan Gill : Ard-

millan Shore: Shalloch Mill: Penwhapple Glen (S.): — Wandel Burn:

Glengaber Burn : Wanlock Water, &c.
D. foliaceus, var. rugosus, Emm. — G., H. Benan Burn: Millenderdale :

Craighead : Penwhapple Glen (S.) : Laggan Gill : Arclmillan Shore :

Dalamford.
D. modestus, Lapw. — B. Penwhapple Glen (N.) : Saugh Hill : Shalloch

Mill : Woodland Point.
D. perexcavatus, Lapw. — G. Rein Gill: Wandel Water: Coldchapel Burn :

Castle Hill, &c.

D. quadrimucronatus, Hall. — H. Whitehouse Bay : Shalloch Mill : Pen-
whapple Glen (S.) : Byne Burn.
D. SOCialis, Lapw. — H. Whitehouse Bay.
D. tamariscus, Xich. — B. Baldrennan Burn : Penwhapple Glen (N.) :

Saugh Hill.
D. truncatus, Lapw. — H. Whitehouse Bay : Penwhapple Glen (S.) : Lady

Burn.
Climacograptus bicornis, Hall. — G.,H. Benan Burn : Craighead: Laggan

Gill : Arclmillan Shore : Penwhapple Glen (S.) : — Wandel Burn : Rein

Gill : Wanlock Water : Glengaber Burn, &c., &c.
C. bicornis, var. peltifer, Lapw. — G. Rein Gill : Coldchapel Burn : Wanlock

Water, &c.
C. bicornisu var. tridentatus, Lapw.—Gr., H. Wandel Water : Glengonner

Burn : Wanlock Water, &c.
C. caudatus, Lapw. — G., H. Arclmillan Shore : Penwhapple Glen (S.) :

Dalamford : Piedmont Glen : Duncan Gill : Castle Hill : Glengonner

Burn, &c.
C. coelatus, Lapw. — G., H. Penwhapple Glen (S.): Portandea: Currarie: —

Wandel Burn : Wanlock Water.
C. normalis, Lapw. — B. Glenwells Burn : Baldrennan Burn : Penwhapple

Glen (N.) : Saugh Hill : Shalloch Forge : Woodland Point.
C. rectangularis, MlCoy — B. Woodland Point.
C. Scharenbergi, Lapw. — G., H. Benan Burn : Millenderdale: Craighead:

Laggan Gill : Penwhapple Glen (S.) : Portandea : — Wanlock Water :

Glengaber Burn, &c.
C. tubuliferus, Lapw. — H. Shalloch Mill : Penwhapple Glen (S.) : Byne

Burn.

Petalograptus folium, His. — B. Baldrennan Burn : Penwhapple Glen (N.).
P. palmaeus, Barr. — B. Penwhapple Glen (N.) : Bargany Pond Burn :

Saugh Hill.

458 GRAPTOL1TES.

Cryptograptus tricornis, Carr.— G., H. Benan Burn : Millenderdale :

Craighead : Pinmore : Penwhapple Glen (S.) : — Wandel Burn : Glen-

gonner Burn : Wanlock Water, &c.

Dimorphograptus acuminatus, Nick. — B. Glenwells Burn.
D. Swanstoni, Lapw. — B. Penwhapple Glen (N.).
Glossograptus Hincksi, Hopk. — G. Benan Burn : — Rein Gill : Wandel

Water : Glengonner Burn, &c.
Lasiograptus Harknessi, Nich. — G., H. Laggan Gill : Penwhapple Glen

(S.) :— Rein Gill : Rough Gill : Castle Hill.
L. margaritatus, Lapw. — H. Penwhapple Glen (S.): Piedmont Glen : — Rein

Gill : Wandel Water : Castle Hill.
Hallograptus bimucronatus, Nich. — G. Rough Gill : Wandel Burn : Rein

Gill : Glengaber Burn, &c.
Trigonograptus ensiformis, Hall. — A. Balcreuchan Port.

Fam. Retiolitidae.

Retiolites fibratus, Lapw. — H. Rough Gill ? : Grains Burn.

R. Geinitzianus, Barr. — T., W. Penwhapple Glen (N.) : Blair Quarry.

R. obesus, Lapw. — T. Penwhapple Glen (N.).

Clathrograptus cuneiformis, Lapw. — G. Benan Burn.

Corynoides calicularis, Nich.— G., H. Ardmillan Shore ; Penwhapple

Glen (S.) : — Wandel Burn : Glengonner Burn : Laggan Gill.
Thamnograptus typus, Hall. — G. Wandel Water.
Dictyonema venustum, Lapw. — B. Penwhapple Glen (N.).
D. delicatulum, Lapw. — B. Shalloch Forge.
Callograptus diffusus, Hall. — A. Bennane Head.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SCOTTISH GRAPTOLITES.

1839. Lyell, C., " On the occurrence of Graptolites in the Slate of Galloway."
Proc. Geol. Soc., vol. iii., p. 28.

1840. Moore, J. C., "On the rocks which form the West Shore of the Bay
of Loch Ryan," Proc. Geol. Soc., vol. iii., p. 277.

1841. Nicol, J., "Geology of Peebleshire," Trans. Highland Soc., 2nd series,
vol. viii., p. 149.

1848. Nicol, J., "On the Geology of the Silurian rocks in the Valley of the
Tweed/' Q. J. G. S., vol. iv., p. 195.

1848. Moore, J. C., " On some fossiliferous beds in the Silurian rocks of
Wigtonshire and Ayrshire," Q. J. G. S., vol. v., p. 7.

1849. Salter, J. W., "Notes on Fossils from the Limestone of the Stinchar
River and from the Slates of Loch Ryan," Q. J. G. £., vol. v., p. 13.

1850. Harkness, R., "Description of Graptolites found in the Black Shales
of Dumfriesshire," Q. J. G. S., p. 58.

1851. Salter, J. W., " List and description of the Silurian Fossils of Ayr-
shire," Q. J. G. S., vol. vii., p. 170.

1851. M'Coy, F., "New Fossils 'from Southern Scotland," "Brit. Pal. Rocks
and Fossils," pp. 3-9.

1852. Salter, J. W., "Description of some Graptolites from the South of
Scotland," Q. J. G. S., vol. viii., p. 388.

1852. Harkness, R., "On the Silurian rocks of the South of Scotland and

on the Gold districts of Wanlockhead and the Leadhills," Q. J. G. S.,

vol. viii., p. 393.
1855. Sedgwick, A., and M'Coy, F., "Synopsis of the classification of the

British Palaeozoic Rocks, with a systematic description of the Fossils."
1855. Harkness, R., On the Anthracitic Schists and the Fucoidal remains

occurring in the Lower Silurian rocks of the South of Scotland, Q. J. G. S.r

vol. xi., p. 468.

GRAPTOLITES.

1858. Carruthers, W., " Dumfriesshire Graptolites, with descriptions of
three new species," Proc. Royal Physical Soc. Edin., vol. i., p. 466.

1859. Carruthers, W., "On the Graptolites from the Silurian Shales of
Dumfriesshire, with a description of three new species," Ann. and May.
Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., vol. iii., p. 23.

1866. Nicholson, H. A., "On some Fossils from the Graptolitic Shales of
Dumfriesshire," Geol. Mag., dec. 1., vol. iii., p. 488.

1867. Carmtliers, W., "Graptolites, including Scottish species," Intellectual
Observer, May, pp. 283-292, and June, pp. 365-374.

1867. Nicholson, H. A., "On a new genus of Graptolites, with notes on
their Reproductive Bodies," Trans. Oeol. Soc. Edin., vol. i., p. 57.

1867. Nicholson, H. A., and Carruthers, W., "Graptolites of the Moffat
Shales," Geol. Mag., dec. 1, vol. iv., pp. 70, 108, and 135.

1868. Carruthers, W., "A Revision of the British Graptolites, with descrip-
tions of the new species, and notes on their affinities," Geol. Mag., p. 64.

1869. Dairon, J., "On Graptolites from the Silurian Shales of the Moffat
district," Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow:, vol. i., p. 268.

1869. Nicholson, H. A., " New species of Graptolites," Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., 4th ser., vol. iv., p. 231.

1870. Nicholson, H. A., "On the genus Climacograptus, with notes on the
British species of the genus," Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser.,
vol. vi., p. 370.

1870. Hopkinson, J., " On the structure and affinities of Dicranograptus,
Geol. Mag., dec. 1, vol. vii., p. 353.

1871. Hopkinson, J., "On Dicellograptus, a new genus of Graptolites,"
Geol. Mag., dec. 1, vol. viii., p. 20.

1872. Lapworth, C., "On the Silurian rocks of the South of Scotland,"
Trans. Ueol. Soc. Glasgow, vol. iv., p. 164.

1872. Hopkinson, J., " On some new species of Graptolites from the South

of Scotland," Geol. Mag., dec. 1, vol. ix., p. 501.
1872. Young, J., "On Graptolites from the Silurian strata of Girvan,"

Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, vol. ii., p. 179.

1872. Nicholson, H. A., "Monograph of the British Graptolitidae," part 1,
Edin.

1873. Lapworth, C., "An improved classification of the Rhabdophora,"
Geol. Mag., dec. 1, vol. x., pp. 500 and 555.

1876. Lapworth, C., "On Scottish Monograptidae," Geol. Mag., dec. ii.,

vol. iii., pp. 308, 350, 499, 544.
1876. "Notes on Graptolites from Girvan collected by Mrs. Gray," Proc. Nat.

Hist. Soc. Glasgow, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 182.
1876. Young, J., "Notes on a series of Fossils from the Silurian rocks of the

Girvan Valley," Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 166.

1876. Armstrong, J., J. Young, D. Robertson, and C. Lapworth. "Cata-
logue of the Western Scottish Fossils."

1877. Lapworth, C., "On the Graptolites of County Down," Proc. Belfast
Nat. Field Club, 1876-1877, Appendix, pp. 125-144, plates v., vi., vii.

1878. Lapworth, C., "The Moffat Series," Q. J. G. S., vol. xxxiv., pp.
240-346.

1878. Etheridge, R., and Newton, E. T., "A Catalogue of the Cambrian
and Silurian Fossils in the Museum of Practical Geology."

1879. Lapworth, C., "On the Geological Distribution of the Rhabdophora,"
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5 ser., vol. iii., pp. 245 and 449 ; vol iv.,
pp. 333 and 423.

1879. Dairon, J., "On the Rocks and Graptolitic Shales of the Moffat
district," Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, vol. vi., p. 178.

1879. Dairon, J., "Note on the Reproduction and Development of Grap-
tolites," Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, vol. vi., p. 206.

460 GRAPTOLITES.

1880. Lapworth, C., "On Graptolites," Trans. GeoL Soc. Glasgow, vol. vi.,

pp. 260 and 303.
1880. Lapworth, C., "On new British Graptolites," Ann. and Mag. Nat.

Hist., Feb., 1880, pp. 149-177.
1880. Dairon, J., "Notes on several new forms of Graptolites from the

Silurian Shales of Dumfriesshire," Trans. GeoL Soc. Glasgow, vol. vii.,

p. 43.
1882. Lapworth, C., "The Girvan Succession," Q. J. G. S., vol. xxxviii.,

pp. 537-666.
1884. Macconnochie, A., "Review of the Southern Silurian question,"

Trans. GeoL Soc. Glasgow, vol. vii., pp. 370 and 431.
1884. Forsyth, D., "The Silurian rocks of the Girvan district," Trans. GeoL

Soc. Glasgow, vol. vii., p. 558.
1889. Lapworth, C., "On the Ballantrae rocks of the South of Scotland

and their place in the Upland Sequence," GeoL Mag., dec. iii., vol. vi.,

pp. 20 and 59.

1898. Elles, Miss G. L., "The Graptolite Fauna of the Skiddaw Slates,"
Q. J. G. S., vol. liv., p. 463.

1899. Peach, B. N., and Home, J., "The Silurian rocks of Britain, vol. i.,
Scotland." Memoir of the GeoL Survey of the U. K.

THE OLD RED SANDSTONE OF THE CLYDE AREA.

BY J. G. GOODCHILD, F.G.S.

THE rocks usually classed under the general name of the Old Eed Sandstone
in Scotland consist of four separate formations, three of which are well
represented within the basin of the Clyde. These three are widely separated
from each other in time, and are linked together chiefly because they
collectively occupy a geological position intermediate between that of the
Silurian rocks below them and the Carboniferous rocks above. In addition
to that they may be said to have had a common origin, seeing that they present
various types of rocks formed under continental conditions ; in which respect
they differ from the strata of marine origin which occur above and below
them.

The key to their common characteristics is to be found in the fact that
they were all deposited during a period of prolonged terrestrial disturbances
during which movements of upheaval predominated, and maintained for long
periods at a time climatal conditions of exceptional aridity.

Of the three subdivisions occurring in the basin of the Clyde the lowest
has lately been classed as a member of the Silurian rocks. Under the name
of the Lower Old Eed Sandstone its geological position was accurately
described by Murchison and Geikie. But when the fact came to be known
that a newer Old Eed lay unconformably upon it and was in turn uncon-
formably succeeded by the true Upper Old Eed, it became evident that some
more distinctive name was needed for the lowest strata of the group, and
this was more especially the case when palaeontological evidence rendered it
clear thatjhe Orcadian rocks were the true Middle Old Eed. I therefore
proposed to call these oldest rocks the Lanarkian rocks, with reference to
the county in which they are typically represented. When, however, the
officers of *the Geological Survey re-examined these rocks, and it was found
that they appeared to graduate downward into the Silurian rocks, and that
they were linked on to them further by containing an ichthyic fauna having
the same facies as that found in the associated strata of Silurian age, the
name Downtonian was proposed instead, and is now coming into use.

The Downtonian rocks consist of alternating beds of sandstone and mud-
stone, characterised by reddish and greenish-grey colours, with which are
associated one or more bands of fine conglomerate, whose predominant con-
stituents are small pebbles of quartzite, with little or no intermixture of
pebbles of greywacke. These strata are interstratified with others of the
petrographical types prevalent in the underlying Ludlow rocks. No traces
of any volcanic rocks have yet been found in them.

The entire aspect of the group is exactly what might be expected in the
case of strata formed under transitional conditions when the area in which
they occur was gradually passing from an area of subsidence to one of

462 THE OLD RED SANDSTONE

elevation. The reader will find this subject, and others connected with the
origin of the Old Red rocks in general, discussed at some length in the Pro-
ceedings of the Royal Physical "Society, vol. xiii., pp. 291-299.

Considerable interest attaches to this Lanarkian Old Red now that an
abundant and varied ichthyic fauna has been discovered in them, which has
formed the subject of an important memoir by Dr. Traquair.1

I am inclined to think that the Lanarkian rocks were originally of con-
siderable thickness, and that, while the terrestrial oscillations to which they
are due were in progress, a band of marine limestone similar to the
Plymouth limestone was formed in connection with them. But upon this
point there is still some difference of opinion.

This, however, is certain ; whatever strata may at one time have been
formed in connection with these rocks they soon afterwards underwent con-
siderable disturbance and denudation, which ended in the removal of nearly
the whole of the Lanarkian rocks, as well as a considerable thickness-
many thousand of feet in all probability — of the older Silurian and Ordovician
rocks. Hence it has happened that only a few fragmentary patches of the
-strata originally formed have been left, and of these a still smaller part has
been exposed by later denudation. As a consequence, the Lanarkian rocks
are now only to be seen within limited areas. One of these lies in the heart
of the Pentland Hills, near the head-waters of the rivers Lyne and North
Esk. Another occurs on the flanks of Tinto. The third, and perhaps the
•most important, occurs in connection with the Silurian outlier of the Logan
Water, near Lesmahagow, and near Muirkirk.

The second division of the Old Red, in chronological order, is that great
group of strata which forms the Pentland Hills, the Cheviots, the Ochils, the
Sidlaws, etc. For this the name Lower Old Red Sandstone is still employed
by many geologists ; but having regard to the confusion likely to arise from
such a use of the term many others consider that it is as well to adopt some
more distinctive term, and they therefore refer to these rocks as the
Caledonian Old Red, seeing that it may be justly regarded as par excellence
THE Old Red of Scotland.

This formation, in the area under notice, lies upon an exceptionally uneven
surface, which is shaped out of every rock older than the Caledonian Old
Red. In other words, there is an extensive and wide-spread unconformity,
the base of the Caledonian Old Red overstepping all the rocks older than
itself, from the highest surviving member of the Lanarkian Old Red down
to the lowest Ordovician rocks occurring in the district. Further, its middle,
or even its higher, subdivisions may overlap any one of the lower.

Usually the basement beds consist of purplish- and chocolate-coloured
sandstones, which are well seen at the Falls of Clyde, and the area a few
miles to the south. Occasionally these are more or less conglomeratic, and
very commonly there is at the base a well-marked band of conglomerate
which is readily distinguished from the older conglomerate found in connec-
tion with the Lanarkian rocks by containing, amongst many other rocks, a
large percentage of grey wacke pebbles, derived .from the waste of the ancient
uplands of Silurian and Ordovician strata which formerly occupied the area
to the south. This greywacke-conglomerate has been found to be a very
useful datum by the officers of the Geological Survey who lately re-mapped
the district.

As above remarked, the base of this formation is extremely variable as a
consequence, chiefly, of the unevenness of the old land-surface upon which it
accumulated. The irregularity is further increased by the fact that im-
portant volcanic outbreaks commenced at an early period in the history of
the formation, and were continued throughout a period of great length.

1 Trans, S.S»E.3 vol. xxxix., part 3.

OF THE CLYDE AREA. 463

commonly one of the ancient lava-streams may be found to end off
suddenly, and sandstones, or even conglomerates, may be found side by side
with it. ' This fact has to be borne in mind in considering the geology of the
country around Tinto, and also many other areas in the Pentland Hills and
elsewhere. On the southeastern flank of Tinto the Caledonian Old Red is
represented by a series of andesitic lavas which overstep the various members
of the Lanarkian rocks in a manner which impresses one very much with the
importance of the chronological break between the two formations. On the
opposite side of Tinto we find the basement beds to be simply conglomerates
and sandstones, with not a trace of any volcanic rocks amongst them. It is
the same elsewhere.

The general character of the Caledonian Old Red is that of a formation
accumulated under continental conditions, when a certain degree of aridity
characterised the climate. The torrential deposits from the ancient hills to
the south were spread out on the lowlands and in the shallow waters of
inland lakes, liable to be periodically dried up, wholly or in part. A chain
of volcanos contributed occasional streams of lava, mostly of andesitic com-
position, and now and then explosive eruptions took place, from which beds
of tuff, usually of 110 great thickness, were spread out far and wide over the
adjacent land". The volcanos must have attained to considerable dimensions
if one may judge by the magnitude of the remnants left. During the active
phases of volcanic action some considerable masses of intrusive rock were
left at different levels below the surface ; while, at great depths below the
volcano, the slow cooling, under enormous pressure, of the last of the volcanic
magmas gave rise to several interesting masses of granite, whose dominant
petrographical varieties may be termed diorite-granites, but which, as might
be expected, locally graduated into more basic, or more acid, varieties.
Considerable thermometamorphism arose in connection with these intrusions,
.as niav be seen in many places in the southwestern parts of the basin of the
Clyde."

It is difficult, from the very fragmentary and disconnected nature of the
existing remnants of the Caledonian Old Red, to form any reliable estimate
of what its full thickness may have been. It is certain, however, that the
maximum in any part of the basin of the Clyde must have been considerably
less than has usually been considered to be the case.

As regards the life of the period when the Caledonian Old Red was being
formed the evidence is scanty, and has to be sought chiefly outside the area.
It is recorded, however, that the late Mr. Brown of Lanfine once found a
specimen of Cephalaspis Lyelli in the sandstones near that place. Most of
the other fossils recorded from these rocks have been obtained from areas
beyond the- limit of that specially under notice.

Remains of the Caledonian Old Red occur at several places within the
basin of the Clyde. They appear in force near the foot of Loch Lomond,
where they form the western end of the great tract constituting the Sidlaws,
the Ochils, and Strathmore. Discontinuous patches are exposed at several
localities between Lanark and Girvan, and others more extensive are,
doubtless, concealed beneath the unconformable covering formed by the
newer rocks. A third exposure is to be found in the northern half of the
Island of Arran.

The andesitic lavas of these rocks form some of the chief repositories of the
Agates or " Scotch Pebbles," for which the land has so long been famous.

The highest group of strata classed under the general name of the Old Red
Sandstone is the Upper Old Red. It consists almost entirely of sandstones
and conglomerates, which latter occur chiefly in its lower portion. It is
characterised, on the whole, by a much brighter-red coloration than either
of the others. In its upper part calcareous concretions or " cornstones "
occur. These mark the passage-beds into the Carboniferous rocks. They

464 THE OLD RED SANDSTONE OF THE CLYDE AREA.

are due (as the writer suggested some years ago) to the reducing action of
organic matter upon aqueous solutions of sulphate of lime, and mark a
transition-period from the extremely arid climatical conditions which pre-
vailed during the earlier part of the period to the humid conditions which
characterised the succeeding Carboniferous times. Everywhere the Upper
Old Red lies with a strongly-marked unconformity upon the rocks below,
including the granites which are contemporaneous with the Caledonian Old
Red volcanic rocks.

The Upper Old Red Sandstone includes no volcanic rocks. It has yielded
fossils at a few localities within the basin of the Clyde, chiefly at the Heads
of Ayr.

There is some reason to believe that part of the rocks within the Clyde
area which have been referred to the Upper Old Red Sandstone may really
belong to the Bimter division of the New Red rocks.

!

THE CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF THE CLYDE

DRAINAGE AREA.

BY JOHN SMITH.

THE Carboniferous strata of the Clyde drainage area, including the con-
temporaneous volcanic rocks and the later intrusive sills, reach a total
thickness of several thousand feet. Following the divisions adopted by the
officers of the Geological Survey the arrangement of the different series may
be given as follows :

1. Upper Coal and Ironstone Series.

a. Red Sandstone, etc.

b. Coals, Ironstones, Fireclays, Shales, Oil-shales, White and Grey

Sandstones.

2. Millstone Grit Series.

3. Upper Limestone Series.

4. Lower Coal and Ironstone Series.

5. Lower Limestone Series.

6. Calciferous Sandstone Series.

a. Cement Shales, and Grey Sandstones.

b. Red or Grey Sandstones with Cornstones.

Takino- these divisions in ascending order we have first the

O O

CALCIFEROUS SANDSTONE SERIES.

The strata of this group rest either on Silurian rocks, as at Lady
Glen, Kilkerran, or on Old Red Sandstone, as near Sorn. The red or grey
sandstones of the division contain few fossils — Lepidodendron, Calamites,
etc. — and the Cornstone beds, once extensively worked near Galston, New
Cumnock, Kirkmichael, Dailly, Ayr, Arclrossan, etc., both in opencast
quarries and in mines, are now entirely abandoned. They are remarkable
deposits, sometimes with layers of chert, containing, amongst the limey
material, abundance of sand-grains, pebbles of agate, jasper, quartz, etc., but
they are entirely unfossiliferous. In the red sandstones near West Kilbride
occur footprints, probably reptilian, worm-trails, rain-prints, ripple-marks
and sun-cracks. The cement-shales in the upper part of the series occasion-
ally yield ostracods, fish-remains, and plants, as on the shore between the
mouth of the River Doon and the Heads of Ayr, and in the district between
Galston and Sorn thev contain thin lavers, some crowded with Spirorbis and

** v • i * i » .J

others with small bivalves. No truly marine remains have been found in
the Calciferous rocks of this area.

LOWER LIMESTONE SERIES.

This series may rest on the cement-beds, but where best developed in the
Beith and Dairy districts it rests on a great thickness of volcanic debris

2G

466 THE CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF

which forms the upper part of the Dairy and Kilbirnie Hills. At Wildshaw
near Douglas, however, it lies almost directly on the Old Red Sandstone. It
contains a large proportion of the marine fauna of the Carboniferous rocks of
Scotland. Near Campsie, Paisley, and Beith, it contains a bed with fresh-
water ostrocoda, and on the top of a thin coal below the lowest limestone
in the Beith and Dairy districts a band with Naiadites crassa. Above the
second limestone in the same localities and also at Kilwinning there is a
"fish-bed" in which volcanic debris mixed with the limestone is penetrated
by roots and rootlets of Stigmaria. Some of the beds of this series were at
one time very extensively worked for industrial purposes, but the workings
are now confined to a few opencast workings near Beith and some pits near
Lesmahagow.

LOWER COALS AND IRONSTONE SERIES.

This series occurs in a succession of strata between the Lower and Upper
Limestone series, and its economic bands of ironstone generally occupy the
lower part. The coals range from three or four workable seams at Dairy
and Kilbirnie to seven or eight at Dalquharran and Muirkirk where the
series attains its greatest importance. One of the seams near New
Cumnock was 40 feet thick, and the Johnstone coal is said to have been even
thicker. There are but few indications of marine conditions having obtained
during the deposition of the beds of this series, but many of freshwater
ones. Above one of the coal-seams near Giffen there is a thick band
crowded with Naiadites, and in the lower strata there are occasionally thin
layers containing some of the smaller species of Carbonicola. In the shales
associated with one of the ironstones huge spines of Gyracanthus are
sparingly got, also Rhizodus Hibberti, and sometimes reptilian remains.

UPPER LIMESTONE SERIES.

Like the Lower Limestones these strata attain their full development
near Dairy (the very thickest bed in the latter lies to the east of Beith),
but they are also well represented near Muirkirk and Barrhead. At the
last-named place one of the thicker beds has long been worked as a "cement-
stone." They, as a rule, contain more clay than the Lower Limestones, and
so have seldom been burned for lime, but some of them yield good hard
material tor roads. One of the lower beds, known as the "Index limestone"
is a "calm lime," that is, a limestone with almost no fossils large enough
to be visible to the naked eye, and breaking with a conchoidal fracture.
It has been largely used in iron-smelting, building, and agriculture.
Chert sometimes occurs in these beds as well as in the Lower Limestones.
Marine fossils are occasionally abundant in certain limestone bands
and in their under and overlying shales. Under the chief bed of
cement-stone at Dairy and at Thornliebank there is a hard shale with
Estheria and some crustacean remains, and the last of the trilobites occurs
in abundance at Bowertrapping. Corals are but feebly represented in this
series. Some thick and good white and grey sandstones occur in it. Nearly*
all the limestone beds rest, as in the Lower Limestones, with very little
intervening shale, on thin coal-seams with under clays. A few of these
coals swell out in places to a considerable thickness. I have come to the
conclusion that the Scottish Carboniferous limestones, as well as those in
the north of England, are sedimentary deposits, the finer limey material
of which they are largely composed having been brought by marine currents
from the sea-bed during shallow depressions of the areas over which they
extend. Plenty of evidence can be produced in favour of this view, but it is
too extensive a subject to be entered upon here.

THE CLYDE DRAIXAGE AREA. 467

MILLSTONE GRIT SERIES.

The officers of the Geological Survey have introduced this series into their
maps and memoirs, and have for this purpose drawn the base of the Upper
Coal and Ironstone series at the slatyband ironstone, and they seem to
have come to the conclusion that there is no Millstone Grit in the Kil-
winning area. But the slatyband ironstone does occur there with several
argument from the Survey point of view that there is no occurrence of the
of the principal coals of the Upper series under it. If this represents the
Millstone Grit it will include all the Upper Limestones and the sandstones
immediately above and below the Lower and Upper beds.

UPPER COAL AND IRONSTONE SERIES.

The strata of this series occupy a very large area in Ayrshire and Lanark-
shire, and are associated with the usual clays, shales, and white and grey
sandstones of the division. Economically, where at its best, it contains
about a dozen workable coals and several ironstones. The fossils generally
belong to the genera Anthracomya and Carbonicola, which indicates fresh-
water or estuarine conditions. C. robusta often extends in great "scalps"
over large areas. In only one locality — near Coatbridge — do truly marine
forms occur in the series, and Lingula is got in one or two places in Ayr-
shire. Spirorbis is found attached to plants and shells, S. helicteris occurring
crowded into thin bands much in the same way as it is in the cement-

t/

stone (Calciferous) group. Plant-remains occur scattered throughout all the
series, or sparingly collected into thin bands known as "fern beds." Several
oil-shales occur, and generally yield disjointed remains of fishes and sometimes
reptiles. Gyracanthus is got, generally in the roof-shales of some of the
coal-beds, ostracoda occur in some of the shales and ironstones, and Belinurus
Prestivichia, tfuphoberia, Xylobius, etc., have been obtained sparingly near
Kihnaurs. At its upper part this series generally contains thick beds of
reddish or purplish sandstones, shales of the same colours, and thin yellow
sandstones. In the shale a thin limestone band with Spirorbis rninutus
occurs, and also burrows filled with shale, as is well seen at Ballochmyle Scar
near Catrine. Other bands of limestone are apparently unfossiliferous.
[This Spirorbis limestone also is found at the top of the Lower Coal series
of England, near Manchester, there being twelve bands of it, and what
have long been known as " The Upper Coal-measures " of Scotland are now
considered to be the equivalents of the English Lower Coal-measures.]

The coal-seams of the Clyde drainage area number in their entirety about
seventy, and they are all interesting from a geological point of view. The
thin brownish layer — the old land- or swamp-surface — under them often
contains a great variety of beautiful microscopic objects — Triletes and micro-
spores — with remains of scorpions and eurypterids. These fossils are also
got in the coals themselves, the hard layers (when not caused by clay) being
often masses of their remains. These layers are called " splint."

The Permian rocks rest unconformably on the Upper Coal and Ironstone
series, though sometimes, as in the Snar Valley, on the Silurians.

THE CARBONIFEROUS FOSSIL PLANTS
OF THE CLYDE BASIN.

BY ROBERT KIDSTON, F.R.S.E., F.G.S.

IN Britain the Carboniferous formation is divisible into : l

f I. Upper Coal-measures.

TT ft v •£ II. Middle Coal-measures.

Upper Carboniferous. H TTT T ^ ,

111. Lower Coal-measures.

I IV. Millstone Grit Series.

T /-t i •£ f V. Carboniferous Limestone Series.

Lower Carboniferous.^ -cTT f\ i -r o i < a •

( VI. Calciferous Sandstone Series.

Of these only Nos. III., IV., V., and VI. occur in the Clyde area.

Locally the Lower Coal-measures are referred to as the " Upper Coals and
Ironstones," and the coals of the Carboniferous Limestone series as the
" Lower Coals and Ironstones," but as these terms are very misleading I
have adopted a nomenclature which is applicable to the Carboniferous
formation iu its entirety in Britain.

One most interesting circumstance in regard to the vertical distribution of
the Carboniferous flora is that, as far as observations have yet shown, not a
single species (with the exception of Stigmaria) passes from the Lower
Carboniferous into the Upper Carboniferous.

I am specially indebted for the Lanarkshire Coal-plants to Mr. R. Dunlop
and Mr. P. Jack. For the Renfrewshire fossils I have received much
assistance from Mi1. Peter Macnair, and for the Ayrshire records I am very
specially indebted to the Rev. Dr. Landsborough ; also to Messrs. A.
Sinclair, J. Rorrison, D. Beveridge, J. Stevenson, R. Lintou, and others.
Mr. J. Smith has submitted to me specimens from the Kilwinning districtr
arid to the same geologist I owe the majority of the records from the
Calciferous Sandstone series. To the Director of the Geological Survey of
Scotland I owe my thanks for permission to include in the list the plants
collected in Arran by Mr. A. Macconochie and Mr. D. Tait, but
it is to Dr. W. Ivison Macadam, F.R.S.E., that we owe our first
knowledge of the Lower Carboniferous plants of Lochrin Burn. From the
late Dr. John Young, the late Mr. A. Paton, and the late Mr. James Bennie,
I also received much assistance.

The list is divided into Lower Coal-measures, Carboniferous Limestone
series, and Calciferous Sandstone series. In mentioning the horizons of the
Coal-measure plants, I merely give the name of the seam, but the fossils have
been derived in almost all cases from the shale forming the roof of the coal.

The following list of the various localities may be of assistance in finding
them :

1 See Kidston, Proc. Roij. Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. xii., 1894, pp. 183-258.

CARBONIFEROUS FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE CLYDE BASIN. 469

LANARKSHIRE. Auchenheath, Lesmahagow ; Bartonshill Pit, Bargeddie,
1 in. W. of Coatbridge ; Bent Coll., l£ m. E. of Bothwell ; Bellsdyke Pit,
Mains, Airdrie ; Brownieside Pit, Mains, Airdrie ; Brown rigg Pit, Long-
riggend, Airdrie ; Calderbank, Airdrie ; Dunsistoii, Gartness, Airdrie ; Ellis-
muir, Baillieston ; Gartness, Airdrie ; Greengairs, Airdrie ; Howlit Glen,
Crossford, Lesmahagow ; Howlitness, Airdrie ; Inkerman Pit, Airdrie :
Lochwood, Easterhouse ; Longriggend, Airdrie ; Souterhouse, Coatbridge ;
Spring-hill Pit, Baillieston ; Stanrigg, Airdrie ; Whiterigg, Airdrie.

AYRSHIRE. Annandale Colliery, Kilruarnock ; Ardeer, Stevenston ; Bon-
nington Pit, Kilmarnock ; Busbie, Kilmarnock ; Bruntswood Mains, Galston ;
Glenmuir Water ; Dalblair, Old Cumnock ; Grange Colliery, Kilmarnock ;
Billhead, Kilmarnock ; Springhill Colliery, Crosshouse ; Springside, Dreg-
horn ; Windy edge, Crosshouse ; Woodhill Quarry and Colliery, Kilmaurs.

RENFREWSHIRE. Braid wood Quarry, Giffnock.

BUTE. Cock of Arran ; Lochrin Bum, Corrie, Arran.

Horizons are printed in italics throughout the list.

UPPER CARBONIFEROUS.

Lower Coal-measures.

FlLICACEAE.

Sphenopterideae.

Sphenopteris obtusiloba, Brongt.— Lanark. Sourmilk Coal, — Ry. cutting,
Airdrie: Ell Coal,— Carluke : Kiltongue Coal, — Mt. Vernon : Howlit-
ness : Foxley : Bent Col. : Lochwood Col. : Blaes betic. Kiltongue and
Drumgray Coals, — Whiterigg : Drumgray Coal, — Castlehill, Carluke :
(Hor A} — Bothwell: Springhill Pit. Ayr. Small seam 13 fms. abore
M*S aught Coal, — Grange Col. : Stranger Coal, — Grange Col. : Major
Coal—Z Pit, Springhill : (Nor. ?)— Galston.

S. nummularia, Gutbier. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal,— Howlitness.

S. Schillings!!, Andrae. — Lanark. (Hor. ?}— Airdrie.

S. latifolia, Brongt. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Carluke : Mt. Vernon :
(Hor. ?) — Springhill Pit : Auchenheath : Howlit Glen. Ayr. Stranger
Coal,— Grange Col. : 18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Quarry :
Turf Coal,— Ardeer : (Hor. ?)— Galston.

? S. rotimdifolia, Andrae. — Lanark. Shale betw. Kiltongue and Diwngray
Coals, — Whiterigg.

S. rutaefolia, Gutbier. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Lochwood Col.

S. germaniea, Potonie. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Ellismuir.

? S. spinosa, Giipp. — Ayr. Stranger Coed, — Grange Col.

S. furcata, Brongt. — Lanark. Sourmilk Coal, — Ry. cutting, Airdrie : Main
Coal, — Souterhouse : Kiltongue Coal,— Calderbank : Foxley : Souter-
house : Lochwood Col. : Drumgray Coal, — Black Pit, Longriggend. Ayr.
Major Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill Col. : 18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Wood-
hill Quarry : Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit.

S. Walter!, Stur. — Lanark. (Hor. ?)— River Avon, near Hamilton.

S. Sternbergii, Ett. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Brownrigg Pit, Ayr.
2 fms. below Ell Coal,— Busbie Pit, Kilmaurs.

Eremopteris artemisiaefolia, Sternb., sp. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, —
Souterhouse : (Hor. ?)— Howlit Glen : Farme Col., Rutherglen (type of
Spkenopterisstricta,~Broi\gt.): Bothwell: Carluke. Ayr. Stranger Coal,-
Grange Col.

Renaultia Footneri, Marrat., sp. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Lochwood
Col. : Calder Ironworks : Ellismuir Col. : Mt. Vernon : Calderbank :
Foxley. Ayr. Pavement under Tour ha? Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill : Major
Coal,— 3 Pit, Springhill.

470 THE CARBONIFEROUS FOSSIL PLANTS

Renaultia Schatzlarensis, Stiir., sp. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal,— Cal. Ey.
Bridge, Calderbank.

Urnatopteris tenella, Brongt., sp. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Baillieston :
Calderbank : Ellismuir : Cairnhill, Airdrie : Howlitness : Kawyards Pit,
Airdrie : L. Drumgray Coal,— -Howlitness : (Hor. ?) — Scrawhill Col.,
Airdrie : Bartonshill Pit, Bargeddie. Ayr. Stranger Coal, — Grange Col.

Cyclocheta biseriata, Kidston. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Baillieston.

Pecopterideae.

Mariopteris muricata, Schl., sp. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Bent Col. :
Calderbank : Greengairs : (Hor. ?) — Auchenheath : Tollcross : Chapel-
hall, Airdrie : Blaes betw. Kiltongue and U. Drumgray Coals, — Whiterigg
Col. Ayr. Major Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill : Stranger Coal, — Grange
Col. : 18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Quarry : Whistler Coal,—
Bonnington Pit : Kilwinning Main Coal, — Borough Pit, Irvine : Main
Coal, — 10 Pit, Springside Col. : Annandale Main Coal, — Windyedge Pit:
(Hor. ?) — Hillhead Pit : Gauchallan Pit, Galston : Lucknow Pit, Steven-
ston. Bute, \byds. above junct. with Newer Red Rocks,- — Corrie : %0 yds.
S. of junct. with Newer Red Rocks, — Shore, Cock of Arran.
M. muricata, var. nervasa, Brongt. sp. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Bent
Col. : Mt. Vernon : Calderbank : U. Drumgray Coal. — Pit near Calder
Ironworks : (Hor.T) — Chapelhall, Airdrie: Howlit Glen. Ayr. Stranger
Coal, — Grange Col. : 18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Quarry :
(Hor. ?) — Lucknow Pit, Stevenston.

Alethopterideae.

Alethopteris lonchitica, Schl., sp. — Lanark. Main Coal, — Newmains,
Cambusnethan : Kiltongue (7o«£,-- Foxley : Mt. Vernon: Carluke :
Souterhouse : Brownrigg Pit : Bent Col. : Calderbank : Loch wood Col. :
Ellismuir Col. : Blaes betw. Kiltongue and U. Drumgray Coals, — White-
rigg Col.: (Hor.T) — Holy town : Springhill Pit: Howlit Glen. Ayr.
18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Quarry : Whistler Seam, — Bonning-
ton Pit: 2 /ma. below Ell Coal, — Busbie Pit: Splint Coal,— 16 Pit, Wood-
hill Col.

A. decurrens, Artis., sp. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Foxley : Lochwood
Col. : L. Drumgrai/ Coal, — Bellsdyke Pit : (Hor. ?) — Near Holy town.
Ayr. Bed betw. Major and Main Coals, — 10 Pit, Springside: Annandale
Main Coal, — 10 Pit, Springside : 18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Woodhill
Quarry : Lin Bed, — Springhill Col.

Lonchopteris Eschweileriana, Andrae. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Ellis-
muir.

Neuropterideae.

Neuropteris heterophylla, Brongt. — Lanark. Sourmilk Coal, — Ry. cutting,
Airdrie: Kiltongue Coal, — Mt. Vernon : Bent Col.: Foxley: Calderbank:
Loch wood Col. : Ellismuir: Betw. Kiltongue and Drumgray Coals, — White-
rigg : U. Drumgray Coal, — Pit near Calder Ironworks : L. Drumgray Coal,
-Pit near Coatbridge : (Hor. 1) — Howlit Glen. Ayr. M^Naught Coal,
—3 Pit, Springhill : 18 ft. above Durroch. Coal, — Woodhill Quarry :
Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit : Major Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill : Betw.
Major and Main Coals, — 10 Pit, Springside : Five-quarter Coal, — Steven-
ston : Splint Coal, — 16 Pit, Woodhill Col. : Lin Bed, — 9 Pit, Annandale
Col.: (Hor. ?)— Ardeer : Goatfoot Pit, Galston. Bute. About 15 yds.
above junct. with Newer Red Rocks, — Lochrin Burn : (Hor. ?) — Sliddeiy
Water-head, Arran.

N. obliqua, Brongt., sp. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Mt. Vernon : Ellis-
muir : Brownrigg : Lochwood Col.

OF THE CLYDE BASIN. 471

Neuropteris gigantea, Sternb. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Pit at Ry. Sta.,
Baillieston : Lochwood Col. : Foxley : Greengairs : Bent Col. : Coatbridge.
Ayr. About 18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Quarry : Main Coal, —
Wellington Pit,' Hurlford : 10 Pit, Springhill Col. : Whistler Seam,-
Bonnington Pit : Lin Bed, — 9 Pit, Annandale Col. (Hor. ?) — Hillhead
Pit : Goatfoot Pit, Galston. Bute. Above Limestone, Maoldon, north
face, Corrie : 20 yds. S. of junct. with Newer Red Rocks, — Shore, Cock
of Arran.

N. acuminata, Schl. sp. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Ellismuir : Lochwood
Col. : Blaes betw. Kiltongue and Drumgray Coals, — Whiterigg Pit.

N. crenata, Brongt.-A.yi. About 18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Woodhill
Quarry.

N. Blissii, Lesq.y.--Ayr. Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit.

Filicaceae. INCERTAE SEDIS.

Rhacophyllum (?) anomalum, Brongt. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Ellis-
muir.

CALAMARIEAE.

Group I. Calamitina.

Calamites varians, Sternb. — Lanark. U. Drumgray Coal, — Airdrie. Bute.

20 yds. /S. of junct. with Newer Red Rocks, — Shore, Cock of Arran.
C. varians, var. insignis, Weiss. — Ayr. About 18 ft. above Durroch Coal,-

Woodhill Quarry.

C. approximatus, Brongt. (in part). — Ayr. About 18 ft. above Durroch Coal,
-Woodhill Quarry : Five-quarter Coal, — Stevenston : (Hor. ?) — Ardeer :

Brunt wood Mains.

C. verticillata, L. and H. — Ayr. Major Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill.
C. G-opperti, Ett. — Ayr. Major Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill.
C. undulata, Sternb. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal. — Foxley. Ayr. Stranger

Coal, — Grange Pit: Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit: Splint Coal, — 16

Pit, Woodhill.

Group II. Eucalamites.

C. ramosus, Artis.- — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Foxley: Bent Col. : Mt.
Vernon : Calderbank: Bellsdyke Pit : Blaes betw. Kiltongue and Drum-
gray Coals, — Whiterigg: U. Drumgray Coal, — Inkerman Pit : L. Drum-
gray Coal, — Pits, Airdrie : Shale a short distance above Millstone Grit,—
Dennistoun, Glasgow. Ayr. Major Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill : 18 ft.
above Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Quarry: Whistler Seam, — Bonnington
Pit: Irvine Water, near Kilmarnock : Lin Bed, — 3 Pit, Springhill:
(Hor. T) — Galston. Bute. Above Limestones, — Maoldon, north face,
Corrie : 20 yds. S. of junct. with Newer Red Rocks, — Shore, Cock of Arran.

Group III. Stylocalamites.

C. Suckowii, Brongt. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Ellismuir : Bent Col. : Cal-
derbank : Foxley : Bartonshill Pit, Bailliestoii : Mt. Vernon : Lochwood
Col. : U. Drumgray Coal, — Inkerman Pit : Pit near Calder Ironworks :
L. Drumgray Coal, — Pits near Airdrie ; Drumgray Coal, — Gartness. Ayr.
About 18 ft. above .Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Quarry : Major Coal, — •
3 Pit, Springhill : Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit : Dean, Kilmarnock
Water : Turf Cba£,— Redbnrn, Kilwinning : Splint Coal, — 10 Pit,
Annandale Col. : Shale near Annandale Main Coal, — Windyedge :
(Hor ?) — Hurlford, Kilmarnock : Stevenston : Bruntswood Mains.

C. Cistii, Brongt. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Lochwood Col. : L. Drumgray
Coal,— Fit near Calder Ironworks: (Hor. ?)— Auchenheath. Ayr.
(Hor. 1) — Streethead Pit, Galston.

472 THE CARBONIFEROUS FOSSIL PLANTS

Calamocladus equisetiformis, Schl, sp. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Bent
Col. : Calderbank : Howlitness : Rawyards, Airdrie : Foxley : Ellismuir :
Blaes betw. Kiltongue and Drumgray Coals, — Whiterigg : Virtuewell
Coal, — Bellsdyke Pit : Shale a short distance above Millstone Grit, —
Deunistonn, Glasgow. Ayr. Major Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill : Ml Naught
Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill : About 18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Woodnill
Quarry : Whistler Seam, — Dean Water, Kilmarnoek : 2 fms. below Ell
Coal, — Busbie Pit : Lin Bed, — Cauldhame Pit, Springhill Col. : (Hor. ?)
-Thornton Quarry, Crosshouse.

C. longifolius, Sternb., sp. — Lanark. (Hor. ?) — Howlit Glen : Kiltongue
Coal, — Calderbank (sp. '/) : 10 yds. below U. Drumgray Coal, — Long-
riggend (sp. ?).

C. grandis, St&rnb.,S$. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal,— Bent Col. : Calderbank.

C. lycopodioides, Zeiller, sp. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Foxley.

Calamostachys typica, Schimper (in part). — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal,—
Foxley. Ayr. Stranger Coal, — Grange Col.

? C. longifolia, Weiss. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Pit beside Ry. Sta.,
Baillieston.

? C. nana, Weiss. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Pit beside Ry. Sta., Baillie-
ston.

Palaeostachya pedunculata, Will. — Lanark. Main Coal, — Craigneuk,
Motherwell.

P. gracillima, Weiss.— Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Calderbank : Foxley.

Stachannularia northumbriana, Kidston. — Ayr. Whistler Seam, — Bonning-
ton Pit.

Annularia radiata, Brongt. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Baillieston: Car-
hike : Longriggend : Howlitness : Calderbank : Foxley : Loch wood Col. :
Greengairs : Main Coal, — Holytown : Drumgray Coal, — Longriggend :
L. Drumgray Coal, — Pit near Airdrie : Virtue-well Coal, — Bellsdyke Pit :
(Hor. ?) — Howlit Glen : Auchenheath. Ayr. Major Coal, — 3 Pit,
Springhill : About 18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Wdodhill Quarry : Whistler
Seam, — Bonnington Pit : (Hor. ?) — Prince Pit, Stevenston : Galston.

A. galioides, L. & H., sp. — Ayr. Major .Coal,— 3 Pit, Springhill.

SPH ENOPH YLLEAE.

Sphenophyllum cuneifolium, Sternb. (including forma saxifragaefolium,
Sternb.). — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Mt. Vernon : Foxley : Bent Col. :
Calderbank : Lochwood Col. : Blaes betw. Kiltongue and Drumgray
Coals, — Whiterigg : L. Drumgray Coal, — Pit, Airdrie. Ayr. Major
Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill : M'Naught Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill : About 18
ft. above Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Quarry : Whistler Seam, — Bonnington
'Pit : Lin Bed, — 3 Pit, Springhill.

S. myriophyllum, Cre'pin. — Bute. 20 yds. S. ofjunct. with Newer Red Rocks,
—Shore, Cock of Arran.

LYCOPODIACEAE.

Lepidodendron ophiurus, Brongt. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal — Bent Col. :
Cairnhill, Airdrie : Howlitness : Sourmilk Coal, — Ry. cutting, Airdrie :
L. Drumgray Coal, — Pit, Airdrie : Brownieside Pit : Drumgray Coal, —
Dunsiston : Virtuewell Coal, — Gartlea, Airdrie: Main Coal, — Stanrigg :
Oil shale, — Airdrie: (Hor.1) — Pit, Gartness. Ayr. About 18 ft. above
Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Quarry : Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit :
Main Coal, — Kilwinning : Shale betw. Splint Coal and Blackband
Ironstone, — Alnwick Lodge, Irvine : Hurlford Main Coal, — New Mill
Pit, Kilmarnoek : 2 fms. below Ell Coal, — Busbie Pits : (Hor. ?) —
Brut jts wood Mains.

L. lycopodioides, Sternb. — Lanark. Drumgray Coal, — Greengairs.

OF THE CLYDE BASIN. 473

Lepidodendron Landsburgii, Kidston. — Lanark. Drumgray Coal,- -Dun-
siston. Ayr. Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit.

L. aculeatum, Stern b.— Lanark. Humph Coal, — Airdrie : Kiltongue Coal,
— Wintering : Brownrigg : (Hor. '?) — Bellsdyke. Ayr. Stranger Coal,
— Grange Col. : Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit : Near Stevenstou :
Hurlford Main Coal,— Wellington Pit, Hurlford : (Hor. ?) — Bruntswood
Mains.

L. aculeatum, forma modulatum, Lesqx. Ayr. WMstlerSeam,—Boiam\^
ton Pit.

L. Jaraczewski, Zeiller. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal,— Ellismuir : Gartness
Col. : Mt. Vernon.

L. Gaudryi, Renault. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Loch wood Col. : Brown-
rigg.

L. obovatum, Sternb. — Lanark, tfiltongue Coal, — Mt, Vernon : Foxley :
Blackband Ironstone, — Stanrigg : Oil Shales, — Airdrie : (Hor. ?) — Bells-
dyke : Coal Burn, Lesmahagow. Ayr. Whistler Seam, — Bonnington
Pit : Splint Coal, — 9 Pit, Annandale Col. : Tourha? Coal, — Cauldhame
Pit, Kilmaurs.

L. serpentigerum, KUnig. — Lanark. Immediately above Millstone Grit,—
Stanrigg Pit. Ayr. Stranger Coal, — Grange Col.

L. rimosum, Sternb. — Lanark. Drumgray Coal, — Greengairs.

L. fusiforme, Corda. — Ayr. Shale over roof of Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Pit.

Lepidostrobus variabilis, L. and H. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Bent
Col. : Mt. Vernon : U. Drumgray Coal,— Pit near Calder Ironworks :
Drumgray Coal, — Dunsiston : Blackband Ironstone, Airdrie : Shale a
short distance above Millstone Grit, — Dennistoun, Glasgow. Ayr. About
18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Quarry: Major Coal, — 3 Pit,
Springhill: Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit: 2 fins, below Ell Coal,-
Busbie.

L. spinosus, Kidston. — Ayr. Whistler Seam,— Bonnington Pit.

L. squarrosus, Kidston. — Ayr. Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit.

L. Geinitzii, Schimper—- Lanark. (Hor. ?)— Airdrie : Pit, Calder Iron-
works. Ayr. Blackband Ironstone, — Dalmellington : 2 fms. below Ell
Coal, — Busbie Pits: Ironstone Bedbetw. Raise Road Coal and Calm Lime-
stone,— Eankinston.

Lepidopnyllum lanceolatum, L. and H.— Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Bent
Col. : Calderbank : Lochwood Col. : L. Drumgray Coal,— Pit, Airdrie.
Ayr. 18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Quarry.

L. intermedium, L. and H. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Calderbank.

Lepidophloips acerosus, L. and H., sp.— Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Foxley :
Calderbank : Lochwood Col. : Greengairs : Brownrigg : L. Drumgray
Coal, — Pit near Coatbridge. Ayr. Durroch Coal, — Woodhill Old Pit :
Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit.

Halonia, L. and H. — (Decorticated fruiting branch of Lepidophloios.}

H. regularis, L. and H. — Ayr. 18 ft. above Durroch Coal, — Woodhill
Quarry : Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit : Blackband Ironstone, — Dal-
mellington : (?) Ardeer Quarry.

Bothrodendrpn punctatum, L. and H.--Ayi. Major Coal,— 3 Pit, Spring-
hill: Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit.

B. minutifolium, Boulay. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Calderbank : Ellis-
muir: Lochwood Col: Blaes betw. Kiltongue and Drumgray Coals,—
Whiterigg. Ayr. Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit.

Sigillaria discophora, Konig. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Shettleston :
Howlitness : Drumgray Coal, — Dunsiston : L. Drumgray Coal, — Toad
Pit, Airdrie : Humph Coal,— Airdrie : (Hor. ?) — Shotts Ironworks.
Ayr. Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit : Borland Water, Kilmarnock :
2 fms. below Ell Coal,— Busbie Pits : Parrot Coal,— 10 Pit, Springside Col.:

474 THE CARBONIFEROUS FOSSIL PLANTS

BlacJcband Ironstone, — Dalmellington : Ironstone Bed betw. Raise Road
Coal and Calm Limestone, — Rankinston.

Sigillaria camptotaenia, Wood, sp. — Ayr. Major Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill.

S. tessellata, Brongt. — Ayr. Tourha\ Coal,— Bonnington Pit.

S. scutellata, Brongt. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Bent Col. : Bed betw. Pyot-
shaw and Main Coals, — Whiterigg : Main Coal, — Stanrigg. Ayr.
Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit.

S. Walchii, Sauveur. — Ayr. Turf Coal, — Kilwinning.

S. Arzinensis, Corda. — Ayr. Main Coal, — Annandale Col.

S. orbicularis, Brongt. — Ayr. Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit.

S. laevigata, Brongt., var. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Mt. Vernon.

Sigillaripstrobus, sp. — Ayr. Major Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill.

Stigmaria ficoides, Sternb., sp. — Lanark. Common. Ayr. Common.

S. reticulata, Gopp. — Lanark. Betw. Pyotshaw and Main Coals, — Airdrie.
Ayr. Major Coal, —3 Pit, Springhill : Jf' Naught Coal, — 4 Pit, Spring-
hill : Splint Coal,- -Annandale Pit..

CORDAITEAE.

Cordaites principalis, Germar., sp. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Bent Col. :
U. Drumgray Coal, — Pit near Calder Ironworks : L. Drumgray Coal,—
Brownieside Pit. Ayr. Stranger Coal, — Grange Pit : Major Coal, — 3 Pitr
Springhill: Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit. Bute. *~i% yds. from junct.
with Newer Red Rocks : 20 yds. S. ofjunct. with Newer Red Rocks, — Shore,
Cock of Arran.

Cordaianthus Pitcairniae, L. and H., sp. (including Cardiocarpus acutus,
L.andH.}. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Brownrigg: Bent Col. : Foxley:
Greengairs : U. Drumgray Coal, — Longriggend. Ayr. Stranger Coal,—
Grange Col. : Major Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill ; Whistler Seam, — Bonning-
ton Pit : (Nor. ?)— -Borough Pit, Irvine.

Cardiocarpus crassus, Lesqx. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Greengairs : Ellis-
mnir.

C. orbicularis, Ett.-A.ji. Major Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill.

Carpolithus perpusillus, Lesqx. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Rawyards,
Airdrie : Howlitness ; Bredisholm, Baillieston. Ayr. Small Coal,
13 fms. above Jf" Naught Coal,- -Grange Col. : Whistler Seam, — Bon-
nington Pit.

Trigonocarpus Parkinsoni, Brongt. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal,— -Foxley :
Souterhouse : Pit near Coatbridge : Mt. Vernon : Lochwood Col. : Shale
a short distance above Millstone Grit, — Dennistomi, Glasgow. Ayr.
Whistler Seam, — Bonnington Pit : Sandstone- Conglomerate roof of Five-
quarter Coal, — Ardeer Quarry.

T. Parkinsoni, forma alata, L. and H., sp. — Ayr. Whistler Seam, — Bonning-
ton Pit.

Rhabdocarpus elongatus, Kidston. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Mt.
Vernon : Calderbank : Greengairs : Foxley. Ayr. Major Coal, — 3 Pit,
Springhill.

Artisia approximata, Brongt.. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal,— Brownrigg. Ayr.
Whistler Coal, — Bonnington Pit : Five-quarter Coal, — Ardeer.

Pinnularia capillacea, L. and H. — Lanark. Kiltongue Coal, — Foxley : Loch-
wood Col. : (Hor. ?) — Airdrie : Castlehill, Carluke. Ayr. Whistler
Seam, — Bonnington Pit : Major Coal, — 3 Pit, Springhill : Bed betw.
Major and Main Coals, — 3 Pit, Springhill.

INCERTAE SEDIS.
Psitotites unilateralis, Kidston, sp. — Lanark. (Hor. ?) — Baillieston.

OF THE CLYDE BASIN. 475

LOWER CARBONIFEROUS.

Carboniferous Limestone Series.

ALGAE.

Spirophyton cauda-galli, Vanuxem, sp. — Stirling. Corrieburn, Campsie :
Spouthead Burn, Milton of Campsie. Ayr. Den, Dairy.

FILICACEAE.

Sphenopterideae.

Sphenopteris Ettingshauseni, Feistm. — Lanark. Calderwood Group,—
E. Kilbride.

S. Haueri, Stur. — Lanark. Calderwood Group, — E. Kilbride.

S. elegans, Brongt. — Renfrew. Immediately under Orchard Limestone,—
New Braidbar Quarry.

S. moravica, Ett. — Renfrew. Immediately under Orchard Limestone,-
New Braidbar Quarry.

S. subtrifida, Stur. — Renfrew. Immediately under Orchard Limestone,—
New Braidbar Quarry.

S. Gersdorfii, Giipp, sp. — Lanark. Cald&rwood Group, — E. Kilbride.

Sphenopteridium dissectum, Gapp, sp. — Lanark. Calderwood Group,-
E. Kilbride. Bute. Shale over U. Limestone, — Waterfall, Lochrin Burn.

Rhacopteris inaequilatera, Gopp, sp. — (Adiomtites liindseaeformis, Bunbury.)
Lanark. Calderwood Group,. — Kirktonholm, and Burnbrae Old Quarry
E. Kilbride : (Hor. ?)— Braid wood.

R. transitionis, Stur.— Lanark. Calderu-ood Group, — E. Kilbride.

? R. petiolata, Gopp, sp. — Lanark. Calderwood Group, — E. Kilbride.

Adiantites Machaneki, Stur. — Lanark. Calderwood Group, — E. Kilbride.

A. bellidlllus, Heer. — Bute. Sliddery Water-head, Arran.

Archaeopteris Tschermaki. Star.— Lanark. Calderwood Group,— E. Kil-
bride.

Plumatopteris elegans, Kidston. — Lanark. Calderwood Group, — E. Kil-
bride.

Calymmatotheca Stangeri, Stur. — Renfrew. Immediately under Orchard
Limestone, — New Braidbar Quarry.

Pecopterideae.

Dactylotheca aspera, Brongt., sp. — Renfrew. Immediately under Orchard
Limestone, — New Braidbar Quarry.

Neuropterideae.

Neuropteris antecedens, Stur. — Lanark. Calderwood Group, — E. Kilbride.
Cardiopteris nana, Eichwald, sp. — Lanark. Calderwood Group, — E. Kil-
bride. Bute. 130 yds. N. of Hurlet Limestone, — Shore, N. of Laggau,
Arran.

CALAMARIEAE.

Asterocalamites scrobiculatus, Schl., sp.— Lanark. Calderwood Group,-
E. Kilbride. Renfrew. Immediately under Orchard Limestone, — New
Braidbar Quarry. Bute. Shale over U. Limestone, — Waterfall, Lochrin
Burn. In Tuff, — Sliddery Water-head, Arran.

Volkmannia Morrisii, Hooker. — Lanark. Ironstone midway betw. Cannel
Coal and Main Limestone, — Carluke.

SPHENOPHTLLEAE.

Sphenophyllum tenerrimum, Ett. — Lanark. Possil Ironstone series, horizon
of Robroyston Limestone, — Robroyston.

476 CARBONIFEROUS FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE CLYDE BASIN.

LYCOFODIACEAE.

Lepidodendron Veltheimianum, Ster?ib. — Lanark. Fossil Ironstone series, —
Victoria Park, Whiteinch : Fossil : Keppoch Hill : Caldenvood Group,—
Limekilns, E. Kilbride : (ffor. ?) — Carluke. Ayr. Clayband Iron-
stone,— Dairy. Renfrew. Immediately under Orchard Limestone,—
New Braidbar Quarry. Bute. Shale over U. Limestone, — Waterfall,
Lochrin Burn : In Tuff, — Sliddery Water-head, Arran.

L. spetsbergense, Xathorst. — Renfrew. Immediately under Orchard Lime-
stone,— New Braidbar Quarry.

L. Rhodeanum, Sternb. — Lanark. Calderwood Group, — E. Kilbride. Ren-
frew. Immediately under Orchard Limestone, — New Braidbar Quarry.
Bute. Shale over U. Limestone, — Waterfall, Lochrin Burn.

Lepidophloios Wunschianus, Will. — Bute. Volcanic Ash, — Laggan Burn,
Arran.

Sigillaria Taylori, Carr. — Renfrew. Immediately under Orchard Limestone,
—New Braidbar Quarry.

S. Youngiana, Kidston. — Lanark. Fossil Ironstone series, — Robroyston.

Stigmaria ficoides, Sternb., sp.— Common.

S. stellata, Giipp. — Bute. Shale over U. Limestone, — Waterfall, Lochrin
Burn. Ayr. Loose in Boulder-clay, — Bent, Galston : Bruntswood
Mains : Townhead, Riccarton : (ffor. ?) — Stream near Darvel.

CORDAITEAE.

Carpolithus sulcatus, L. and H. — Bute. Shale over Upper Limestone,—

Waterfall, Lochrin Burn.
Trigonocarpum Gloagianum, J. Young. — Lanark. Calderwood Group,-

E. Kilbride.

Calciferous Sandstone Series.
FILICACEAE.

Sphenophterideae.

Sphenopteris elegans, Brongt. — Ayr. Glenmuir Water.
S. moravica, Ett. — Ayr. Glenmuir Water.

Sphenophylleae.
Sphenophyllum tenerrimum, Ett. — Ayr. Glenmuir Water.

Lycopodiaceae.
Stigmaria ficoides, Sternb. — Dumbarton. Glenarbuck, Bowling.

CORDAITEAE.

Araucarioxylon fasciculare, Scott. — Dumbarton. L. Humphrey Burn,
Kilpatrick Hills.

THE CARBONIFEROUS FORAMINIFERA OF THE
CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

BY (THE LATE) JOHN YOUNG, LL.D., F.G.S.

THE Carboniferous Foraminifera of the West of Scotland are found in nearly
a4l the fossiliferous Marine Limestones and their, accompany ing shales,
though certain forms are often restricted to particular horizons and localities.
During the earliest years of- research specimens were almost entirely obtained
from the weathered and rotted limestones and shales, which, on being care-
fully washed and examined, yielded a considerable number of species, but
more recently, through the use of transparent sections ground down from the
harder strata, many interesting species have been added to the lists.

When the late Dr. H. B. Brady beo-an his well-known Monograph on "The

i/ OX

British Carboniferous Foraminif era," issued by the Palaeontographical Society
in 1876, nearly all the genera and species of foraminifera submitted for his
determination were sent as single specimens detached from the rock-matrix,
and he had to section many of them to transparency, often with consider-
able difficulty, in order to obtain a knowledge of their shell-walls and internal
structure. Had the same work now to be gone through Dr. Brady would
have been spared much labour by the aid of the many microscopic sections
which would have been at his disposal.

• Further particulars of the West of Scotland foraminifera will be found
in a paper by the late Dr. Young, which he read before the Geological
Society of Glasgow in 1891.1

The divisions' of the Carboniferous rocks which yield the foraminifera are
indicated in the following list by heavy letters — U. L. S., Upper Limestone
Series ; L. IT. S., Lower Limestone Series.

Lituola Bennieana, Brady. — U.L.S. Linn, Dairy.

Saccammina Carter!, Brady. — L.L.S. Braid wood, Carluke, Campsie, Beith,

(Main Limestone).

Climacammina antiqua, Brady. — L.L.S. Muirkirk.
Trochammina incerta (d'Orb.).— L.L.S., U.L.S. Muirkirk, Eobroyston,

Dairy.

T. centrifuga, Brady.— L.L.S., U.L.S. Muirkirk, Eobroyston, Dairy.
T. annularis, Brady. — L.L.S. Capelrig, Kilbride.
T. gordialis, P. and J. — L.L.S. South Shields, Kilbride, Dairy.
T. pusilla (Geinitz). — L.L.S., U.L.S. Trearne, Beith, Gare, Carluke.

1 "Notes on a small group of Carboniferous Foraminifera found in the Lower Lime-
stone Shales of the Muirkirk district in Ayrshire, with a list of the Genera and Species
found in the Coal-fields of Western Scotland." By John Young, F. G.S., V.P. Trans.
GeoL Soc. of Glasgow, vol. ix., part 2, 1893, p. 313.

478 THE CARBONIFEROUS FORAMINIFERA.

Trochammina anceps, Brady. — L.L.S. Capelrig.

T. Robertson!, Brady. — U.L.S. Gare, Carluke.

Valvulina palaeotrochus, Ehrenb. — L.L.S., U.L.S. Robroyston, Brockley,
Beith, Muirkirk, Dairy.

V. palaeotrochus, var. compressa, Brady. — L.L.S., U.L.S. Gare, Carluke,
Brockley, Muirkirk.

V. Youngi, Brady. — L.L.S. Brockley, Trearne, Dairy, Muirkirk, Campsie.

V. Youngi, var. contraria, Brady.— L.L.S. Brockley^ Trearne, Beith.

V. bulloides, Brady. — L.L.S. Brockley.

V. decurrens, Brady. — L.L.S., U.L.S. Gare, Carluke, Brockley, Muirkirk,
Dairy.

V. plicata, Brady. — L.L.S. Calderside, Blantyre, Hairnvyres.

V. rudis, Brady. — L.L.S. Headsmuir, Carluke.

Endothyra Bowmanni, PhilL— L.L.S., U.L.S. Calderside, Trearne, Dairy
Muirkirk.

E. ammonoides, Brady.— L.L S., U.L.S. Gare, Gillfoot, Carluke, Dairy,
Muirkirk.

E. globolus (Eichw.). — L.L.S., U.L.S. Gillfoot, Braidwood, Muirkirk.

E. crassa, Brady. — L.L.S., U.L.S. Brockley, Muirkirk, Beith.

E. radiata, Brady.— L.L.S., U.L.S. Eobroyston, Gillfoot, Brockley, Muir-
kirk.

E. macella, Brady. — L.L.S. Brockley, Muirkirk.

E. ornata, Brady. — L.L.S. Brockley, Muirkirk.

E. ornata, var. tenuis, Brady. — U.L.S. Eobroyston, Barmulloch.

E. subtilissima, Brady.— L.L.S. Brockley.

Stacheia marginulinoides, Brady. — L.L.S. Brockley.

S. fusiformis, Brady. — L L.S. Belston Burn, Brockley.

S. pupoides, Brady. — L.L.S. Brockley, Hairrayres.

S. acervalis, Brady. — L.L.S. Hairmyres, Gare, Carluke.

S. congesta, Brady. — L.L.S., U.L.S. Belston Burn, Carluke, Limekilns.

S. polytrematoides, Brady. — L.L.S., U.L.S. Gare, Braidwood, Hairmyres,
Muirkirk.

Lagena Parkeriana, Brady. — U.L.S. Belston Burn, Carluke.

L. Howchiniana, Brady. — U.L.S. Belston Burn, Carluke, Muirkirk, Gill-
foot.

Nodosinella concinna, Brady. — U.L.S. Belston Burn, Carluke, Muirkirk.

*N. digitata, Brady. — U.L.S. Muirkirk.

N. cylindrica, Brady. — U.L.S. Muirkirk.

*Nodosaria radicula, Linne. — U.L.S. Clonbeith, Kilwinning ; Stacklawhill,
Stewarton.

Textularia gibbosa (dOrb.). — L.L.S. Brockley, Muirkirk, Dairy.

T. eximia (Eicfiw.). — L.L.S. Brockley, Muirkirk.

T. sp., undetermined. — L.L.S. Muirkirk.

Bigenerina patula, Brady. — L.L.S. Headsmuir, Carluke.

Archaediscus Karreri, Brady. — L.L.S., U.L.S. Craigenglen, Brockley,
Muirkirk, Belston Burn, Beith.

Girvanella sp. (Nich. and Ether.}. — L.L.S. Muirkirk, Law Quarry, Dairy.

Haplophragmium rectum (?) Brady. — L.L.S. Billhead Quarry, Beith.

Globigerina sp. — L.L.S. Beith, Campsie, Dairy, Muirkirk.

Pulvinulina Broeckiana, Brady.— L.L.S. Craigie.

Those marked * are Permian species not hitherto recorded from the

•Carboniferous rocks. Nodosinella is new to Scotland, but recorded for

England and Wales. Pulvinulina Broeckiana is a Belgian species new to

Britain. Lituola Bennieana was hitherto doubtfully recorded from

Leveuseat. — J. S.

THE CARBONIFEROUS SPONGES OF THE CLYDE

DRAINAGE AREA.

BY JOHN SMITH.

IN 1876 I discovered remains of Sponges in the Carboniferous Limestone
strata — both the Lower and Upper divisions. These were described by Prof.
John Young and Dr. John Young, F.G.S., in the "Catalogue of Western
Scottish Fossils," 1876, and in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History,
1877. They have since been more exhaustively treated by Dr. G. J. Hinde
in his Monograph on "Fossil Sponges" issued by the Palaeontographical
Society, and in his "Catalogue of Fossil Sponges in the British Museum."

With perhaps the exception of A canthactinella Benniei, which may have
been a sponge with calcareous spicules, all those found in the Carboniferous
rocks of the Clyde drainage area appear to have been furnished with siliceous
spiculae, and a peculiarity is the immense size of the spicules compared
with those of recent sponges.

They occur in both the Lower and Upper Limestones, but most abundantly
in the upper divisions of the Lower Limestones, and though generally in the
limestone strata, only occasionally in the shales.

The divisions are indicated in the following list in heavy letters placed
before the localities — U. L. S., Upper Limestone Series ; L. L. S., Lower
Limestone Series.

Hyalostelia (Hyalonema) Smithi, Young and Young. — L. L. S., Cunningham-

Baidland, Law ; Birkhead and Auchenskeith, Dairy ; Dykes, Kilbirnie.
Hyalonema parallela, M'Coy. — L. L. S., Auchenskeith : Dockra, Gateside,

Beith ; Brockley near Lesmahagow.
Tholiasterella Youngi, Hinde. — L. L. S., Law and Thirdpart, Dairy ; Dykes ;

U. L. S., Glencart, Dairy.
T. gracilis, Hinde. — L. L. S., Law ; Dykes ; Cunniiigham-Baidland ; U. L. S.,

Stacklawhill, Stewarton.

T. compacta, Hinde. — L. L. S., Cunningham-Baidland ; Law.
T. crassa, Hinde. — L. L. S., Crawfield, Kilbirnie ; Law.
Holasterella conferta, Carter.— L. L. S., Dairy.
Asteractinella tumida, Hinde. — L. L. S., Law.

A. expansa, Hinde. - L. L. S., Blackstone, Dairy ; U. L. S., Stacklawhill.
Geodites deformis, Hinde. — L. L. S., Law.

G. antiquus, Hinde. — L. L. S., Cunningham-Baidland ; U. L. S., Glencart.
Haplistipn Armstrong!, Y. and Y. — L. L. S., Law ; Cunningham-Baidland.
H. venniculatum, Carter. — L. L. S., Law.

Acanthactinella Benniei, Hinde. — L. L. S., Law ; Cunningham-Baidland.
Dorydemia dalryense, Hinde.- — U. L. S., Monkcastle, Kilwinning.
Axinella vetusta, Hinde.— L. L. S., Law ; U. L. S., Glencart.
Pachastrella vetusta, Hinde. — L. L. S., Law.

THE CARBONIFEROUS CORALS OF THE CLYDE

DRAINAGE AREA.

BY (THE LATE) JAMES THOMSON, F.G.S.

THIS list of the Carboniferous Corals of the Clyde drainage area was drawn
up by Mr. Thomson only shortly before his death in 1899, and therefore has
not had the benefit of his revision in print. So far as possible it has been
compared with an exhaustive paper on the Scottish Carboniferous Corals,
which Mr. Thomson read before the Philosophical Society of Glasgow in
1883, and which was published at length in its Transactions, accompanied by
14 plates with numerous figures.1

Aulopora campanulata (M'Coy). — Wistown, Lanarkshire.

A, gracilis (Thomson). — Broadstone, Beith.

Cladochonus crassus (M'Coy). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. bacillarius (M'Coy). — Auchenskeith, Dairy.

C. antiquus (M'.Coy). — Auchenskeith, Dairy.

C. Michelini (Edw. and Haime). — Howood, near Paisley ; Auchenskeith,

Dairy.

C. minutus (Thorn.). — Auchenskeith, Dairy.

Pyrgia Labechei (Edwards and Haime). — Cunningham-Baidland, Dairy.
Protocyatohphyllum quadrophyllum (Thorn.). — Cunningham-Baidland,

Dairy.

•/

P. plicatum (Thomson). — Cunningham-Baidland, Dairy.

P. spinulosum (Thom.).- „ „ „

P. elegans (Thom.).- „ „ „

P. Verilliense (Thom.).- „ „ „

P. dalryense (Thom.).- „ „ „

P. pachytheca (Thom.).- „ „ „

P. quadrophyllum (Thom.). — Cunningham-Baidland, Dairy.

Chaetetes tumidus (Phillips). — Brockley, Lesmahagow, and in almost every

bed of limestone in the series.
Monticulipora alveolites (d'Orb.). — (Lanark).

M. depressa (Edw. and Haime). — Garsewater and Asheyburn, near Muirkirk.
M. Etheridgei (Thom.). — Asheyburn, near Muirkirk.
Michelinia tenuisepta {Edw. and Haime). — Broadstone, Beith.
Favosites parasitica (Phill.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.
Fistulipora sp. nov. — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

Alveolites depressa (Edw. and Ha ime). —Garsewater and Asheyburn.
A. Etheridgei (Thom.). — Asheyburn.

1 " On the Development and Generic Relation of the Corals of the Carboniferous
System of Scotland." By James Tiaomson, F.G.S. Proc. Phil. Soc. of Glasgow, vol.
xiv. . 1883, pp. 296-502, plates i. to xiv. . .

CARBONIFEROUS CORALS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. 481

Amplexus Sowerbyi (Phill.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

A. serpuloides (de Kon.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

A. modulosus (Phill.).- „ „

A. spinosus (de Kon.).- „ „

A. coralloides (Soiv.). — Broadstone, Beith.

A. Haimeanus (de Kon.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

A. Henslowi (Ed. and Haime). — Broadstone, Beith.

A. cornuformis (Ludivig). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

Calophyllum Danai (Thorn'). — Roughwood, Beith.

C. spinosum (Thorn.). — Auchenskeith, Dairy.

C. tuberculatum (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. irregularum (Thorn.). — Auchenskeith. Dairy.

C. honiana (de Kon,).- „ „

C. cuspidum (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. nodosum (Thom.).- „ „

C. angularum (Thorn.). — Auchenskeith, Dairy.

C. denticulatum (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. robustum (Thorn.). — Roughwood, Beith.

C. approximatum (Thorn.). — Roughwood, Beith.
Zaphrentis Edwardsiana (de Kon.\ — Boghead, Hamilton.
Z. Phillips! (Ed. and Haime). — Auchenskeith, Dairy.

Z. curvTllina (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lanarkshire.

Z. tuberculatus (Thorn.). — „ „

Z. granulatus ( Thorn.).- „ „

Z. spinulosa (Ed. and Haime). — Brockley, Lesmahagow

Z. bicentrica (Thorn.).- „ „

Z. centralis (Ed. and Haime). — Broadstone, Beith.

Z. clavatus (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

Z. Konincki (Ed. and Haime). — Auchenskeith, Dairy.

Z. amphitheca (Thorn.). — Brockley. Lesmahagow.

Z. yermicularis (de Kon.). ,, „

Z. intermedia (de Kon.). — Gare, Carluke.

Z. Smithi (Thom.). — Auchenskeith, Dairy.

Z. patula (Michelin). — Beith, Ayrshire.

Z. Guerangeri (Ed. and Haime). — Auchenskeith, Dairy.

Z. Bowerbanki (Ed, and Haime). — Shields, E. Kilbride.

Z. Cliffordiana (Ed. and Haime). — Boghead, Hamilton.

Z. Enniskilleni (Ed. and Haime). — Roughwood, Beith.

Heterophyllia Sedgwicki (Duncan). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

H. M'Coyi (Duncan). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

H. Lyelli (Duncan). — Craigenglen, Campsie.

H. mirabilis (Duncan).- „ „

Densyphyllum granulatum (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

D. minutum (Thorn.). — Nethernewton, Loudon, Ayrshire.
Lophophyllum parvulum (Nich. and Thorn.). — Shields, E. Kilbride.
L. retieulatum (TzcA. and Thorn.). — Shields, E. Kilbride.

L. scoticum (Xich. and Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.
L. eruca (MlCoy). — Auchenskeith, Dairy. "
L. intermedium (Thorn.). —Shields. E. Kilbride.

Campophyllum Murchisoni (Ed. and Haime). — Brockley, Lesmahagow,
C. brockleyensis (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.
C. simplicum (Thom,).- „ „

C. recurvatum (Thom.).— „ „

C. breyiseptum (Thom.). — Nettlehirst, Beith.
C. laxicum (Thom,). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.
C. dissimilis (Thom.).- „ „

C. heteroseptum (Thom.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

2H

482 THE CARBONIFEROUS CORALS

Campophyllum turcatum (Thorn.}. — Cuimingham-Baidland, Dairy.

C. rectangularum (Thom.}. — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. dendriformum ( Thorn.}.- „ „

C. subclaviformis (Thorn.}.- „ „

C. turbinatum (Thorn.}.- s, „

C. concavum (Thorn.}. — Broadstone, Beith.

C. marginatum (Thorn.}. — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. interruptum (Thorn, and Nich.}. — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. parricida (M'Coy}. — Brockley, Lesmahagow ; Broadstone, Beith, and

Asheyburn, Muirkirk.

C. echinatum (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.
C. asheyburnense (Thorn.}.— Asheyburn, Muirkirk.
C. radiolarium (Thorn.}.- „ „

C. dendriformum (Thorn.). — Howrat, Dairy.
C. eleganteum (Thorn.). — Corrieburn, Campsie.
C. Agassizi (Thorn.). — Asheyburn, Muirkirk.
C. domiformum (Thom.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.
C. tuberculatum (Thorn.). — Asheyburn, Muirkirk.
C. Taylori (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.
C. intercellulosum (Thorn.). — Broadstone, Beith.
C. subclavatum (Thorn,). — Howrat, Dairy.
C. crumlatum(7%ow.). — Asheyburn, Muirkirk.
C. clayatum (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.
C. fasiculatum (Thorn.}.- „ „

Cyathaxonia profunda (Thorn.}. — Cunningham-Baidland, Dairy.
C. tortuosa (Miinster}. — Cunningham-Baidland, Dairy.
C. domiformis (Thorn.}.- „ ,, ,,

C. Dybowskii (Thorn.}.- „ „ „

C. elegans( Thom.}.- „ „ „

C. compressa (Thom,}.- „ ,, „

C. expansa (Thom.).- „ „ „

C. cornua (de Kon.}.- „ „ „

C. mammillata (Thom.).-
C. Konincki (Ed. and Haime}.-
C. Newburyi (Thom.}. —
C. robusta (Thom.).-
C. prolifera (M'Chesney},-
C. Armstrong! (Thom.}.-
C. ejecta (Thom.}.-
C. granulata (Thom.).-
C. cyathominuta (Thom.).-

C. spiralis (Thom.).- „ „ „

C. reticulata (Thom.).- „ „ „

Axophyllum sp. ? — Brockley, Lesmahagow.
A. sp. ? — Cunningham-Baidland, Dairy.

Koninckophyllum interruptum (Nich. and Thom.}. — Brockley, Lesmahagow.
K. Lindstrdmi (Nich. and Thom.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.
K. retiforme (Nich. and Thom.}.- „ .,

K. sp. ? — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

Lithostrotion Portlocki (Bron.}. — Corrieburn, Wiston, Lanarkshire.
L. junceum ( Ure}. — Brockley ; Braidwood ; Wiston.
L. junceum, var. intermedium (Thom.}. — Asheyburn, Muirkirk.
L. simplex ( Th om.}. — Cunningham-Baidland, Dairy ; Brockley, Lesmahagow.
Fasciculophyllum magnificum (Thom.}. — Nettlehirst, Beith.
F. sp. ? (Thom.}. — Auchenskeith, Dairy.
Dipnyphyllum Argylli (Thom.}. — In a boulder, associated with Arran

granite.

11 11

11 11 11

11 11 11

11 11 11

11 -1 15

11 11 11

11 11 11

11 11 11

11 11 11

OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. 483

Diphyphyllum concinnum (Lons.). — Boghead, Lesmahagow.

D. concinnum ? var. turcatum (Thorn.). — Corrieburn, Campsie.

D. Blackwoodi (Thom.). — Kilmarnock Water, near Fenwick.

D. cylindricum (Thorn.). — Boghead, Lesmahagow, and Roughwood, Beith.

D. latiseptum (MlCoy). — Corrieburn, Campsie ; and Fenwick, Ayrshire.

D. gracile (J/k(?o//). — Brockley, Lesmahagow, and Roughwood.

D. giganteum (Thom.). — Corrieburn, Campsie.

D. interruptum (Thorn.).- — Boghead, Lesmahagow.

Lonsdaleia rugosa (M'Coy). — Boghead, Lesmahagow.

L. duplicata (Martin). — Garsewater, Muirkirk.

L. floriformis (Fleming). — Garsewater, Muirkirk.

Clisiophyllum Keyserlingi (3PCoy). — Auchenskeith, Dairy.

C. bipartitum (J/'6'oj/). — Broadstone, Beith.

C. conoseptum (Keys'). — Langside, Beith.

C. oblongum (Thorn.). — Roughwood, Beith.

C. M'Coyianum (Thorn.). — Gateside, Beith.

C. Bowerbanki (Ed. and Haime). — Langside, Beith.

C. grandicum (Thorn.). — Langside, Beith.

C. broadstpneianum (Thorn.). — Broadstone, Beith.

C. Geinitzianum (Thorn.). — Broadstone, Beith.

C. elegante (Thorn.).- „ „

C. abruptum (Thorn.). — Gateside, Beith.

C. turbinatum (M'Coy). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. yesicularum (Thorn.). — Langside, Beith.

C. intermedium (Thorn.). — Auchenskeith, Dairy.

C. subimbricatum (Thorn.). — Broadstone, Beith.

C. irregulare (Thorn.). — Broadstone, Beith.

C. subplicatum (Thorn.).- „ „

C. centrocellulosum (Thorn.). — Gateside, Beith,
Aspidiophyllum Huxleyanum (Thorn.). — Thirdpart, Beith.
A. Konincki (Thorn.). — Thirdpart, Beith.

A. cruciforme (Thorn.).- „ „

A. Hennedyi (Thorn.}.- „ „

A. elegans (Thorn.}.- „ „

Dibunophyllum splendens (Nick, and Thorn.}. — Gateside, Beith.

D. Muirheadi (Nich. and Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.
D. M'Chesneyi (Xich. and Thorn.).- „ „

D. sp. ? — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

D. sp. ?-

D. sp. ? — Langside, Beith.

Rhodophyllum Slimonianum (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

R. Phillip sianum (Thorn.). — Trearne, Beith.

R. Craigianum (Thorn.). — „ „

R. simplex (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

R. sp. ? — Langside, Beith.

R. Romeri (Thorn.). — Langside, Beith.

R. reticulatum (Thorn.). — Langside, Beith.

R. Simplex (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

Cymatophyllum Harknessi (Thorn.). — Thirdpart, Beith.

C. concentricum (Thorn.). — Langside, Beith.

C. Haimeanum (Thorn.). — „ „

C. octolamellum (Thorn.).- „ „

C. Etheridgei (Thorn.). — „ „

C. Davidsoni (Thom.).- „ „

Asymmetrilamellum Lintoni (Thom.). — Kilmarnock Water.

A. asheyburnense (Thom.). — Asheyburn, Muirkirk.

Histiopnyllum Ramsayi (Thom.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow,

11 11

11 11

484 THE CARBONIFEROUS CORALS.

Histiophyllum beithianum (Thorn.). — Thirdpart, Beith.

H. fasiculatum (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

H. flexuosum (Thorn.). — Nettlehirst, Beith.

H. ellipticum (Thorn.).— Trearne, Beith.

H. Milleri (Thorn.). — Langside, Beith.

* Centrolamellum subcentricum (Thorn.). — Thirdpart, Beith.

C. bicentricum (Thorn.). — Thirdpart, Beith.

C. hexalamellum ( Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. granulatum (Thom.). — Thirdpart, Beith.

C. cylindricum (Thorn.). — Gateside, Beith.

C. quadralamellum (Thorn.). — Langside, Beith.

C. pentalamellum (Thorn.).- „ „

0. Mystii (Thorn.). — Bowertrapping, Dairy,

Albertia Victoria-Regia (Thorn.). — Langside, Beith.

A. Argylli (Thorn.). — Larigside,Beith.

A. Lindstromi (Thorn.). — „ „

A. yesiculata (Thorn.). — ,, „

A. irregularis (Thorn.).- „ „

A. depressa (Thom.).- „ „

A. intermedium (Thorn.).— Langside, Beith.

A. Oweni (Thom.).-

A. subconicum (Thom.).-

Aulophyllum Patrickianum (Thorn.). — Langside, Beith.

A. Edwardsianum (Dun. and Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

A. Haimeanum (Thorn.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

A. Wunschianum (Thom.).-- „ „

Cyclophyllum fungites ( Ure). — Shields, E. Kilbride.

C. Bowerbanki (Ed. and Haime). — Gameshill, Dunlop.

C. biacuminatum (Thom.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. obovatum (Thom.). — Trearne, Beith.

C. pachyendothecum (Thom.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. Scoulerianum (Thom.). — „ ,,

C. Duncanianum (Thom.). — „ „

C. ellipticum (Thom.). — Roughwood, Beith.

C. orbiculum (Thom.). — Trearne, Beith.

C. Carpenterianum (Thom.). — Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. Bennieianum ( Thom,). — Shields, E. Kilbride.

C. concentricum (Thom.). — Gameshill, Dunlop.

C. paradoxicum (Thom.).— Brockley, Lesmahagow.

C. intermedium (Thom.). — Nettlehirst, Beith.

C. Moseleyianum (Thom.). — Trearne, Beith.

The above list includes all forms of the Scottish Carboniferous Corals
which have been figured and described. Some genera of the group may
require to be divided or even sub-divided, and some of the species placed as
varieties. More cannot be said until our knowledge of it is greater.

J. T.

*This genus was at first named Centrophyllum, but I have since altered it to Centrola-
mellum, as descriptive of the fact that the lamellae only extend inwards from the innei
ends of the septa to the centre of the central area.

THE CARBONIFEROUS ANNELIDA OF THE CLYDE

DRAINAGE AREA.

BY (THE LATE) JOHN YOUNG, LL.D., F.G.S.

CASTS and tracks of these organisms are to be met with in both the Lower
and Upper divisions of the Carboniferous rocks of the Clyde area.

Many traces of the smaller Annelids are found in the debris of the weathered
limestone shales. A most interesting exposure of sandstone beds, con-
taining abundance of the tubes or burrows of Arenicolites, afterwards filled
with dark clay, is to be seen at Burnfield Quarry, near Thornliebank. After
a period of possession the inhabitants seem to have died out, their remains
having been covered up by a barren layer of shale, and this alternation has
occurred some 12 or 14 times with the utmost regularitv.

CD •/

Arenicola, Lamarck, sp.
Ortonia carbonaria, •/. Young.

Serpulites carbonarius, MiCov.

S. compressus, Gow.

S. membranaceus, IP Coy.

Spirorbis caperatus,

S. carbonarius, Murch., sp

S. helicteres, Salter.
S. spinosus, -de Kon.
Vermilia minuta, Brown.

Burnfield Quarry, Thornliebank.

Orchard, Boghead, Calderside, Brock-
ley, Craigenglen.

Sculliongour, Langside, Beith.

Trearne (common).

Gare, High Blantyre (common).

Craigenglen (very rare).

Brockley, Gare, on shells, crinoids, etc.

Upper Coal-measures, on shells and
plants.

Newton, Cambuslang.

Hairmyres, Roughwood.

Gare, Eobroystou, Highfield, Dairy,
Capelrig, East Kilbride.

THE CARBONIFEROUS POLYZOA OF THE
CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

BY (THE LATE) JOHN YOUNG, LL.D., F.G.S.

• *

THE Polyzoa of the Clyde drainage area are represented by numerous genera
and species which are distributed over the Lower and Upper Limestone
series, and chiefly in the shales associated with the limestones proper. They
may be obtained plentifully from the weathered shales in most of the
localities mentioned in the following list, which has been compiled with
the assistance of Dr. Young's MS. notes.

Actinostoma fenestratum, Y. and Y. Hairmyres, High Blantyre.

Archaeopora nexilis, de Ron.

Carinella cellulifera, Eth. Jr.

Ceriopora interporosa, Phill.

C. similis, Phill.

Diastopora megastoma, M'Coy.

Fenestella bicellulata, Eth. Jr.

? F. carinata, M^Coy.

? F. crassa, M'Coy.

F. ejuncida, M^Coy.

F. flabellata, Phill.

? F. formosa, M'Coy.

F. frutex, APCoy.

? F. hemispherica, M'Coy.

? F. membranacea, Phill.

F. Morrisi, M'Coy.

F. multiporata, M'Coy.

F. nodulosa, Phill.

F. plebeia, M'Coy.

? F. quadridecimalis, M'Coy.

F. tenuifila, Phill.

Fenestella tuberculo-carinataj^A./r. High Blantyre.

High Blantyre, Gillfoot.
Gare, Robroyston, Orchard.
Gare, Brockley, High Blantyre.
Capelrig, Gare, Corrieburn.
Gare, High Blantyre, Hairmyres.
Boghead, Hamilton.
High Blantyre, Hairmyres.
Beith Quarries.
Newfield, Blantyre.
Corrieburn, Beith Quarries.
First Calmy Limestone, Carluke, Corrie-
burn.

Corrieburn, Gillfoot.
Rough wood.

Craig englen, High Blantyre.
Howrat, Corrieburn.
Roughwood, Corrieburn.
Corrieburn, Beith Quarries.
High Blantyre, Hairmyres.
Gillfoot, Gare.
Gare, High Blantyre.

F undulata, Phill.
Gr lauconome aspera, Y. and Y.
G* elegans, Y. and Y.
G' flexicarinata, Y. and Y.
G- laxa, Y. and Y.
G- marginalis, Y. and Y.
G- retroflexa, Y. and Y.

Gillfoot.

Hairmyres.

Hairmyres.

High Blantyre, Gillfoot,

Hairmyres.

Hairmyres, Gillfoot.

Beith Quarries.

Hairmyres, Gare.

G- stellipora, Y. and Y.

G- Stellipora, var. spinosa, Y. and Y. Hairmyres, Gare.

G- robusta, Y. and Y. ?

THE CARBONIFEROUS POLYZOA. ,

487

Gonocladia cellulifera, Eth. Jr.
? Gorgonia Lonsdaliana, M'Coy.
Hemitrypa hibernica, M'Coy.
Hyphasmopora Buski, Eth. Jr.
Polypora dendroides, M'-Coy.
? P. papillata, M'Coy.

P. tuberculata, Prout.
Ptylopora pluma,
Rhabdomeson gracile, Phill.
R. rhombiferum, Phill.
Sulcoretepora parallela, Phill.
S. raricosta, M'Coy.
S. Robertson!, Y. and T.
S. sp. nov., J. Young.
Synocladia carbonaria, Eth. Jr.
S. Scotica, Y. and Y.
Thamniscus Rankini, Y. and T.
T. sp.

Vincularia Binniei, Eth. Jr.
V. dichotoma, M'Coy.

Gare, Carluke.

Auchenskeith.

Highfield Quarry.

High Blantyre.

Corrieburn, Beith Quarries.

Auchenskeith, First Caliny Limestone,

Carluke.

Hairmyres, Beith Quarries.
Corrieburn.
Hairmyres, Trearne.

i/

Hairmyres, Capelrig, East Kilbride.

Gare, Hairmyres, Beith.

Corrieburn, Brockley.

Trearne.

Gillfoot (Robertson Collection).

High Blantyre, Gillfoot.

Gillfoot, Carluke.

Gillfoot, Gare.

High Blantyre.

Mouse Water, Wilsontown.

Corrieburn.

THE CARBONIFEROUS OSTEACODA OF THE CLYDE

DRAINAGE AREA.

BY PROF. T. RUPERT JONES, F.R.S., AND (THE LATE)

JAMES W. KIRKBY.

THE Ostracoda found in the Carboniferous strata of Western Scotland are
obtained from certain fossiliferous beds in each of its chief divisions, viz.
the Calciferous Sandstone series, the Lower Limestone series, the Middle Coal
and Ironstone series, the Upper Limestone series, and the Upper Coal and
Ironstone series. The division, however, which has yielded the greatest
number of genera and species is the Lower Limestone and its accompanying
shales, chiefly of marine origin. In the strata, believed to be of lacustrine
or freshwater origin from their fossil evidence, and from the absence of
characteristic marine remains, as in the case of those strata which compose
the Lower and Upper divisions of the Coal and Ironstone series, there are
found certain forms of a small group of Ostracoda highly characteristic of
these so-termed lacustrine conditions, and some of the species of which are
found to range in time from the lower to the higher beds. The Ostracoda,
wherever they appear, have evidently been very abundant in the waters in
which these strata were being deposited, as their minute shells are often seen
to have largely contributed to the formation of the beds. As a general rule
they are hardly ever found mingling with the characteristic marine forms,
which shows that the conditions under which the two groups lived were
different.

The species of the group have been, so far as discovered, very fully
determined, described, and figured, thanks to the long-continued labours of
Prof. T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S., and Mr. James W. Kirkby,1 who have made
its study one of their chief specialities, culminating in the publication of
their Monograph on the Carboniferous Ostracoda issued by the Palaeonto-
graphical Society in 1874 and 1884 Extracted from a paper by the late Dr.
John Young, F.G.S., read before the Geological Society of Glasgow in 1891. 2

Other important memoirs by Prof. Jones and Mr. Kirkby with figures and
descriptions of the same subject have been published in the following :

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1865, 1866, 1875, 1879, 1885,
1886, 1892, and 1895.

Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, 1869.
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 1879.

1 A few weeks before this article was put in type the regretted death of Mr. Kirkby
occurred. Consequently the list has not had the benefit of his supervision.

2 "Notes on the group of Carboniferous Ostracoda found in the strata of "Western
Scotland, with a revised list of Genera and Species." By John Young, F.G.S., V.P.
Trans. Geol. Soc. of Glasgow, vol. ix., part 2, 1893, p. 301.

THE CARBONIFEROUS OSTRACODA. 489

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 1886.

•Geological Magazine, 1886.

Transactions of the Manchester Geological Society, 1890.

Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, 1896.

Canadian Record of Science, 1897.

Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, 1899.

Cypridina brevimentum, Jones and Kirkby. — (Fide J. Young.)

C. Hunteriana, J. and K.— Braidwood.

C. oblonga, J. and K. — Trearne.

0. Phillipsiana, Jones. — Braidwood, Glencartholra.

C. primaeva (APCoy). — Brockley.

C. radiata, J. and K. — Airdrie.

C. scoriacea, J. and K. — Gare.

C. Grossartiana, J. and K. — Bathgate.

C. Thomsoniana, J. and K. — Gare.

C. Youngiana, ./. and K. — Gare.

Cypridella Edwardsiana, de Kon. — Bathgate.

C. Edwardsiana. var. septentrionalis, J. and K. — Trearne.

C. Koninckiana, Jones. — (Robertson Collection.)

C. obsoleta, J. and K. — (Robertson Coll.).

C. Wrighti, J. and A^.— (Robertson Coll.).

Cypridinella Cummingi, J. and A'.— Trearne.

C. superciliosa,, J. and K. — Trearne, Bathgate, Beith.

C. vomer, J. and K. — (Fide J. Young.)

Cypridellina intermedia, J. and A'.— Bathgate.

C. Burrovi, J. and K. — Near Beith (Robertson Coll.).

Cyprella annulata, de Kon. — Bathgate.

C. chrysalidea. de Kon., var. subannulata, J. and K. — Bathgate.

Brady cinctus Rankinianus, J. and K. — Gare.

Entomoconchus Scouleri, M'Coy. --(Small.) Beith (Robertson Coll.).

E. globosus, J. and K.— Broadstone.

Polycope simplex, J. and K. — Braidwood.

P. Youngiana, J. and K. — South Hill, Campsie.

Entomis biconcentrica, Jones. — Caiiuke.

Cytherella attenuata ? J. and K. — Glencartholm.

C. Benniei, J. and K. — Williamwood.

C. brevis, Jones. — Campsie, Carluke.

C. concinna, J., K. and Brady. — East Kilbride.

C. elongata ? J. and K. — Bathgate.

C. aequalis, «/., K. and B. — Gare.

C. inflata (Munster). — Campsie.

C. obesa, J., K. and B. — West Broadstone.

C. obliciuata, •/., K. and B. — Craigengien, Capelrig Quarry, E. Kilbride.

C. recta, «•/., K. and B. — Gare, Auchenbeg.

C. reticulosa, J. and K. — Robroyston.

C. rotundata, J. and K. — Burnbank, Carluke (Robertson Coll.).

C. scrobiculata. — Williamwood, Orchard.

C. simplex, J. and K. — Raes Gill, Carluke.

C. valida, •/. and K. — Glencartholm, Gilnockie Tower.

Leperditia acuta, J. and K. — Craigie.

L. Armstrongiana, J. and K. — Brockley, Howrat.

L. Bosq.uetiana, J. and K. — Tirfergus Glen.

L. compressa, J. and K. — Craigengien,

L. Lovicensis, •/. and K. — Braehead, Craigie.

L. oblonga, -/. and K. — East Kilbride.

L. Okeni(J/?Vn.). — Brockley, Williamwood, Thornton.

490 THE CARBONIFEROUS OSTRACODA

Leperditia parallela ? J. and K.— Glencartholm.

L. scotoburdigalensis (Hibbert). — Glencartholm.

L. suborbiculata (Miin.). — Craigie, Thornton.

L. subrecta (Portlock). — Glencartholm.

L. Youngiana, J. and K. — Dairy.

Beyrichia arcuata (Bean). — Shotts, Carluke.

B. bicaesa, J. and K. — Woodhill.

B. Bradyana, J. and K. — Boghead, High Blantyre.

B. cratigera, Brady. — Glencartholm, Calderside.

B. fastigiata, J. and K. — Craigenglen, Bath gate.

B. fodicata, J. and K. — Linlithgow Bridge.

B. gigantea, J. and K. — Glencartholm, Carluke.

B. intermedia, Jones and Holl. — Dernshaw.

B. multiloba, Jones. — Boghead, Craigenglen.

B. radiata, J. and K. — Orchard, Robroyston.

Beyrichiella Youngiana, J. and K. (MS.). — Glencartholm.

B. reticosa, J. and K. — Glencartholm, Whitebaulks.

B. ventricornis, J. and K. — Brockley, Gair.

Beyrichiopsis cornuta, J. and K. — Linlithgow Bridge.

B. fimbriata, J. and K. — Glencartholm.

B. fortis, J. and K. — Glencartholm.

Ulrichia bituberculata, J. and K. — Orchard, East Kilbride.

U. tuberculospinosa, J. and K. — William wood, Stack lawhall.

Kirkbya costata (M'-Coy). — Gilnockie Tower, Glencartholm.

K. oblonga, J. and K. — Brockley, Williamwood.

K. permiana, Jones. — Orchard, Robroyston.

K. plicata, J. and K. — Campbeltown.

K. rigida, J. and K. — Orchard, Williamwood.

K. Robertsoniana, J. and K. (MS.). — Dernshaw.

K. scotica, J. and. K. — Campbeltown, Linlithgow Bridge.

K. spinosa, J. and K. — Craigenglen, Capelrig, East Kilbride.

K. spiralis, J. and K. — Glencartholm, Oakbank.

K. tricollina ? J. and K. — Orchard.

K. umbonata (Eichiv.). — Brockley, Hairmyres.

K. Urei, Jones. — Craigenglen, Brockley.

Synaphe annectens, J. and K. — Craigenglen, Orchard.

Carbonia Bairdioides, J. and K. — Craigenglen.

C. fabulina, J. and K. — Whifflet, Shotts Ironworks, Thornton.
C. pungens, J. and K. — Provanhall, Carluke.

C. Rankiniana, J. and K. — Provanhall, Airdrie.

C. secans, J. and K. — Craigenglen.

C. subula, J. and K. — Craigenglen.

Bythocypris bilobata (Miin.). — Broadstone, Braidwood.

B. cimeola, •/. and K. — Robroyston, Orchard.

B. cornigera, •/. and K. — Robroyston, Gare.

B. Phillipsiana, Jones and Holl, var. carbonica. — East Kilbride.

B. Robertsoniana, J. and K. (MS.). — Braehead.

B. subhmata, J. and K. — Glencartholm.

B. pyrula, •/. and K. — Braehead.

Argilloecia aequalis, J. and K. — Glencartholm, Heads of Ayr.

Aglaia cypridiformis, J. and K. — Glencartholm.

Macrocypris Jonesiana, Kirkby. — Craigenglen.

M. carbonica, Brady. — Campsie.

Bairdia ampla, Reuss. — Hairmyres, Stacklawhall.

B. amputata, Kirkby. — Brockley, Gilnockie Tower.

B. brevis, J. and K. — Brockley, Craigenglen.

B. curta, M'Coy. — Kennox Water, Braidwood.

OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. 491

Bairdia grandis, J. and K. — Carluke,

B. Hisingeri (Miin.). — Brockley, Stacklawhall.

B. legumen ? J. and K. — Craigenglen.

B. siliquoides, J. and K. — Kennox Water, Glencartholm.

B. subelongata, J. and K. — Brockley, Craigenglen.

B. subcylindrica (J/Yw.). — Carluke, Gillfoot.

B. submucronata, J. and K. — Gare, Carluke, Orchard.

B. plebeia, Reuss. — Orchard, Craigenglen.
Cythere ? superba, •/. and K. — Heads of Ayr.

C. intermedia, J. and K. — Carluke.

Bythocythere Youngiana, •/. and A' —Brockley, Craigenglen.
Youngiella rectidorsalis, J. and K. — Dernshaw, Orchard.
Y. sp. nov. ? Williamwood, Westerhouse.
Xestoleberis subcarbuloides ? •/. and K. — Shields.
Darwinula ? Berniciana ? Jones. — Kobroyston, East Kilbride.

PHYLLOPODA.

Estheria striata (Miin.}.— Lanarkshire.

E. tenella, Jordan. — Airdrie, Carluke, Lanarkshire.

E. Youngi, Jones. — Arden, Thornliebank.

E. tessellata, Jones. — Airdrie ?

E. tegnlata, Jones. — Airdrie 1

PHYLLOCARIDA.
Dithyrocaris glabra, Woodio. and Ether. — Ardrossan, East Kilbride.

D. granulata, W. and E. — East Kilbride.
D. insignis, J. and W. — East Kilbride.
D. Neilsoni, J. and W. — East Kilbride.
D. ovalis, W. and E. — East Kilbride.

D. testudinea, Scouler.— Paisley, Ardrossan, East Kilbride, Carluke.

D. tricornis, Scouler. — Paisley, East Kilbride.

Calyptocaris striata, Woodw. — Carmichael Burn, Lanarkshire.

Chaenocaris Youngi, J. and W.— Robroyston.

Lebescontia occulta, J. and W. — Dairy.

THE CARBONIFEROUS BRACHIOPODA OF THE CLYDE

DRAINAGE AREA.

BY JAMES NEILSON.

THE important group of Brachiopods is well represented in the marine beds
of the Upper and Lower Limestone series of the Clyde drainage area,
especially in the Lower Limestones, and the most finely preserved examples
are found in the associated shale-beds, showing in many cases the interior
structure and muscular impressions. The minute organisms have been
obtained in great abundance from the rotted limestone of the upper part
of the Lower Limestones near Beith in Ayrshire.

The Middle Coal and Ironstone series, which lies between the above-
mentioned marine beds, and is chiefly of freshwater origin, is not known to
contain any brachiopods except a few specimens of Lingula mytiloides and
L. squamiformis, which occur in the alternating brackish-water beds.

The Calciferous Sandstone series of the Clyde drainage area does not yield
any brachiopods, several species previously recorded from Arran being now
found to belong to the Upper and Lower Limestones.

The boundaries of the Millstone Grit series are not as yet well-defined,
and the fossils recorded from it appear so low down in the beds, abutting on
the Upper Limestones, that it has been thought best to include them in the
list from that series.

The remains of brachiopods, chiefly as casts, are found in a bed of hard,
white sandstone, exposed in a cutting on the North British Railway just
south of Garngad Station, Glasgow, and this is, so far as we know, the
only instance of the remains of marine mollusca having been met with in
sandstone belonging to the Western Scottish coal-field.

One or two forms of brachiopods, e.g. Lingula, range upwards into the
lower strata of the Upper Carboniferous series, but are confined to thin bands
which do not contain any of its more characteristic forms.

In 1865 a thin bed containing two species of brachiopods and some other
marine forms was discovered in the sinking of a coal-pit at Drumpark, about
200 fathoms above the Millstone Grit, but no similar occurrence has since
been noted.1

The arrangement adopted in the following list is that of the late Dr.
Thomas Davidson in his Monograph of " The British Carboniferous Brachio-
poda " issued by the Palaeontographical Society. The divisions of the rocks
in which the fossils occur are given before the localities in heavy letters.

1 Trans. Geol. Soc. of Glasgow, vol. ii., 1865, p. 52.

THE CARBONIFEROUS BRACHIOPODA. 493

TRETENTERATA.

Lingula mytiloides, Sow. — U. C. S. Alexandra Parade, near Craigpark
Street: Drumbeg, Annbank. Slaty band Ironstone. Benhar : and
Shotts. U. L. S. Gare : Robroyston : Orchard : Thornliebank. M. I. S.
Fossil : Gadder : Beith : Dairy. L. L. S. Calderwood series :
Kilbride : High Blantyre : Boghead : Craigenglen : Beith.

L. squamiformis, PhilL — Not in U. C. S. but generally in same Iocs, as
above.

L. scotica, Dav. — (very rare). U. L. S. Gare : Robroyston : Limekilnburn :
Gillfoot, Carluke. M. I. S. Hall Hill, Lesmahagow. L. L. S. Bog-
head, Hamilton.

L. (?) Thomson!, Dav. — (very rare). L. L. S Tirfergus Glen, Campbeltown.

Discina nitida, Phill. — U. C. S. Drumpark Pit. Baillieston (Skipsey).
Shotts. Slaty band Ironstone. U. L. S. Same beds as Z. mytiloides.
L. L. S. Same beds as L. mytiloides. Appears to be absent in M. I. S.

D. Craigi, Dav. — U. L. S. N.B. Ry. cutting S. of Garngad Road, Glasgow.
L. L. S. Trearne, Beith.

Crania quadrata, M'Coy. — U. L. S. Gare: Orchard : Thornliebank.
L. L. S. Calderside limestone shale (common and fine), E. Kilbride :
High Blantyre : Boghead.

CLISTENTERATA.

Dielasma (Terebratula) sacculus, Martin.— L. L. S. Beith : Dairy : Corrie-
burn : Braidwood.

D. (T.) sacculus, var. hastata, Sow. — Found along with above.

D. (T.) sacculus, var. vesicularis, de Kon. — U. L. S. Bowertrapping :
Arden : Linn Spout. L. L. S. Braidwood : Beith.

D. (T.) sacculus, var. Gillingensis, Dav. — L. L. S. Craigenglen: Corrie-
burn: Cunningham -Baidland, Dairy.

Spirifera duplicicosta, PhilL — (rare). L. L. S. Beith Quarries : Brockley :
Braidwood : Balgrochan Burn, and Main Limestone, Campsie.

S. triangularis ? Martin. — L. L. S. Carluke (Rankin).

S. trigonalis, Martin (and var. bisulcata, Sow}. — U. L. S. Orchard .
WUliamwood : Thornliebank : Arden : Bowertrapping ; Saltpans.
Arran. L. L. S. Bathgate : High Blantyre : East Kilbride : Craigen-
glen, and Main Limestone, Campsie : Corrieburn : Beith and Dairy :
Gameshill, Dunlop : Corrie.

S. ovalis, PhilL — L. L. S. Brockley : Corrieburn : Beith.

S. triradialis, Phill, — L. L. S. Dockra, and Waterland, Beith : Cunning-
hani-Baidland, Dairy : Brockley.

Martinia (Spirifera) glabra, Martin. — U. L. S. Orchard : Arden : Thorn-
liebank. L. L. S. Beith and Dairy Quarries : Corrieburn : Main Lime-
stone, Campsie : Thornton.

M. Urei, Fleming.- — U. L. S. Orchard : Bowertrapping : Gare. L. L. S.
South Hill, Craigenglen : Main Limestone, Campsie : Thornton :
Brockley : Braidwood : Dockra, Beith.

M. carlukensis. Dar. — U. L. S. Gillfoot. L. L. S. Brockley : Dockra and
Trearne, Beith.

Reticularia (Spirifera) lineata, Martin. — U. L. S. Arden : Thornliebank
Orchard : Gare : Robroyston. L. L. S. Beith Quarries : Braidwood
Lesmahagow : Corrieburn : Main Limestone, Campsie : High Blantyre
E. Kilbride.

Spiriferina cristata, var. octoplicata, Sow. — U. L. S. Gare : Orchard.
L. L, S. Boghead : High Blantyre : E. Kilbride : Carluke : Trearne
and Dockra, Beith : Corrieburn.

494 THE CARBONIFEROUS BRACHIOPODA

Spiriferina insculpta, Phill.— (very rare). U. L. S. Gare : Gillfoot : Muir-

kirk : Saltpans, Arran.

S. laminosa, MlCoy — (very rare). U. L. S. Gillfoot, near Carluke : Salt-
pans, Arran (common). L. L. S. Auchenskeith : Brockley.
Athyris ambigua, Sow. — U. L. S. Gare : Orchard : Arden : Hillerhirst :

Saltpans, Arran. L. L. S. Braidwood : Corrieburn : Craigenglen :

Beith : Netherwood, Strathavon.
A. plano-sulcata, Phill. — L. L. S. Brockley : Braidwood : Corrieburn :

Beith and Dairy.

A. Royssi, Leveille. — L. L. S. Braidwood : Corrieburn : Beith and Dairy.
A. pisum, Dav. — (very rare). L. L. S. Brockley.
Retzia radialis, Phill. — (rare). U. L. S. Gare: Limekilnburn. L. L. S.

Brockley : Dockra and Trearne, Beith : Braidwood : Corrieburn : Laggan,

Arran.
Rhynchonella pugnus, Martin. — U. L. S. Gare : Robroyston : Castle-

cary : Arden : Bowertrapping. L. L. S. Corrieburn : High Blantyre :

E. Kilbride : Braidwood : Beith.
R. pleurodon, Phill. — L. L. S. Corrieburn : Craigenglen : High Blantyre :

E. Kilbride : Braidwood : Beith : Corrie and Laggan, Arran.
S. brockleyensis. Dav.— (very rare). L. L. S. Brockley.
Rhynchopora Youngi, Dav. — (very rare). U. L. S. Bowertrapping ;

Dairy.
Camarophoria crumena, Martin. — (very rare). L. L. S. Main Limestone,

Campsie.

C. globulina, Phill. — (very rare). L. L. S. Brockley : Braidwood : Auchen-
skeith : Broadstone, Beith.
Strophomena rhomboidalis, Phill., var. analoga, Phill. — (very rare). L. L. S.

Corrieburn : Main Limestone, Campsie : Langside, Beith.
S. rhomboidalis, var. distorta. U. L. S. Gare : Limekilnburn : Browntod :

Bowertrapping.
Streptorhynchus crenistria, Phill. (and var. radialis). U. L. S. Gare :

Orchard : Thornliebank : Linn Spout, Dairy : Garngad Rd., Glasgow.

L. L. S. Corrieburn : Main Limestone, Campsie : Braidwood : Beith :

Auchenskeith : Laggan, Arran.

S. crenistria, var. senilis, Phill. — (very rare). U. L. S. Bowertrapping.
S. crenistria, var. cylindrica (robusta), M^Coy. U. L. S. Tirfergus Glen,

Campbeltown : Garngad Road, Glasgow : Muirkirk.

Orthis Michelini, Leveille. — L. L. S. Beith Quarries : Braidwood : Corrie-
burn : Main Limestone, Campsie.

0. resupinata, Martin. — U. L. S. Gare : Robroyston : Castlecary : Thorn-
liebank : Orchard : Garngad Road. L. L. S. Corrieburn : Craigenglen :

Carluke : Beith : Laggan, Arran.
Chonetes Laguessiana, de Kon. — U. L. S. Gare : Orchard: Thornliebank.

L. L. S. E. Kilbride : High Blantyre : Boghead : Thornton : Beith :

Campsie.
C. Laguessiana, var. gibbernla, M'Coy — (very rare). L. L. S. Corrieburn :

Dockra, Beith.
C. Buchiana, de Kon. — (very rare). U. L. S. Gare : Swindridge, Beith.

L. L. S. Millburn, Campsie : Braidwood.
C. polita. — U. L. S. Gillfoot, Braidwood. L. L. S. Craigenglen : Thornton :

Braidwood.
Productus giganteus, Martin. — U. L. S. Bowertrapping : Arden : Orchard.

L. L. S. Braidwood : Muirkirk : Shields, E. Kilbride : Thornton :

Lesmahagow (largest specimens) : Corrieburn and Millburn, Campsie :

Corrie, Laggan, Maoldon, etc., Arran.
P. latissimus, Sow. — U. L. S. Bowertrapping : Muirkirk : Auldhouse,

E. Kilbride : Saltpans, Arran. L. L. S. Craigenglen.

OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. 495

P. cora, d'Orb. — U. L. S. Arden : Bowertrapping. L. L. S. Boghead,
Hamilton : Braidwood : Campsie : Dockra, Beith.

Productus semireticulatus, Martin (and vars. P. Martini, Sow, P. con-
cinnus, Sow, and P. scoticus, Sow). — Generally distributed through
Marine Limestones and Shales of U. L. S. and L. L. S.

P. costatus, Sow. — U. L. S. Orchard : Thornliebank. L. L. S. Braid-
wood : Main Limestone, Campsie : Gameshill, Dunlop.

P. costatus, var. muricatus, Phill. — U. L. S. Ry. cutting, Garngad Ed., in
Sandstone : Thornliebank. L. L. S. Corrieburn : Beith Quarries.

P. scabriculus, Martin. — U. C. S. Drum park Colliery. U. L. S. Garngad
Rd. : Garnkirk : Castlecary : Arden. L. L. S. Carluke : Brockley :
Beith : Craigenglen : Corrieburn.

P. pustulosus (?) Phill. — L. L. S. Braehead, Busby : Lang-side, Beith :
Braidwood.

P. carbonarius, de Kon. — U. L. S. Shale over Cement, Garngad Rd.,
N.B.Rv. Station.

i/

P. longispimis, Sow. — Generally distributed through the marine Limestones
and Shales of U. L. S. and L. L. S.

P. Griffithianus, de Kon. — L. L. S. Brockley : Dockra, Beith.

P. sinuatus, de Kon. — U. L. S. Garngad Rd. : George Square, Glasgow :
Arden : Bowertrapping. L. L. S. Braidwood.

P. fimbriatus, Sow. — L. L. S. Beith Quarries : E. Kilbride : Main Lime-
stone, Campsie.

P. aculeatus, Mart. — L. L. S. Cunningham - Baidland : Braidwood :
Brockley : Main Limestone, Campsie.

P. Youngianus, Dav. — U. L. S. Orchard (very rare). L. L. S. Corrieburn :
Beith : Cunningham-Baidland : E. Kilbride : Laggan, Arran.

P. punctatus, Mart, (and var. elegans), M'Coy. — U. L. S. Castlecary : Arden :
Bowertrapping. L. L. S. Craigenglen : Corrieburn : Beith : Dairy :
Braidwood.

P. undatus, Def. — (very rare). U. L. S. Castlecary : Gare : Arden. L. L. S.
Millburn and Glorat, Campsie : Carluke : Braidwood.

P. mesolobus, Phill. — (very rare). U. L. S. Arden. L. L. S. Main Lime-
stone, Campsie : Braidwood.

P. spinulosus, Sow. — L. L. S. Brockley : Beith : Cunningham-Baidland :
Corrieburn.

P. Deshayesianus, de Kon. — L. L. S. Main Limestone, Braidwood.

THE CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA OF
THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

BY JAMES NEILSON.

THIS class of the mollusca ranges throughout the several divisions of the
Carboniferous rocks, the marine species being met with in the greatest
numbers in the shales and clay-ironstones alternating with the limestones, in
which latter, however, comparatively few specimens are found.

The freshwater, or brackish-water group, represented by the Carbonicola,
Anthracomya, and Naiadites, are confined chiefly to the musselband iron-
stones and shales of the Upper Carboniferous series, a few species being got
in similar strata in the Middle Coal and Ironstone series, while one—
Naiadites crassa — is found in shale under the lowest limestone in the Beith
district, associated with marine fossils. None of this group are to be met
with in any of the beds yielding the characteristic marine organisms of the
system, while, on the other hand, none of the latter are found in the Middle
Coals and Ironstones. In several instances where Carbonicola is said to
have been got along with marine organisms it may probably have been
derived from some earlier deposit, or drifted seawards from its own proper
habitat, or even more probably, it may have been picked up on a shale-heap
amongst marine fossils, having really been derived from quite a different
stratum, as recently happened in the case of other fossils at Alexandra Parade,.
Glasgow. It is evident that these freshwater or brackish- water forms
have lived in the Scottish coal-field under quite different conditions from
the marine ones found in the Limestone series.

In the following list the names of the freshwater group are those given
in Dr. Wheelton Hind's Monograph on Carbonicola, Antkracomya, and
Naiadites, and those of the marine Dimyaria in his Monograph on the
Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, both issued by the Palaeontographical
Society, 1894 to 1900. Unfortunately Dr. Hind has not yet worked out
the Monomyaria, though it is to be hoped he will soon do so, as at present
the group is in a most unsatisfactory condition. When this is done we are
under the impression that the number of species will be very much reduced.

Many of the generic and specific names in this list will be found to differ
from those in the 1876 Catalogue1 owing to various causes, such as the
sub-division of genera, the former names being synonyms of previously-
existing species, or former faulty identification of the species. For facility
of reference to the existing literature on the subject the old names have been
given in italics, and within brackets ( ).

MONOMYARIA.

Leiopteria lunulata, Phill. — (rare). U. L. S. Gare : Thornliebank. L. L. S.

Howrat, Dairy.
L. squamosa. TJ. L. S. Thornliebank : Garpel Water, Muirkirk.

1 Catalogue, of the Western Scottish Fossils, Glasgow, 1876.

CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. 497

Avicula ? concinna, M'Coy. — U. L. S. Shale over Linn Limestone,
Dairy.

A. ? decussata, M'Coy. — U. L. S. Along with above.

A. ? prisca, M Coy. — L. L. S. Lingula Ironstone, Carluke ; Hairmyres,
E. Kilbride.

A. subanisotus, R. Ether, jun. — L. L. S. Glenwhapple Burn, near Craigen-
glen.

Aviculopecten arenosus, Phill. — L. L. S. Carluke ; Campsie (Main Lime-
stone), High Blantyre ; Thornton.

A. caelatus, M'Coy. — U. L. S. Orchard ; Linn, Dairy ; Garngad Road.
L. L. S. Beith Quarries.

A. clathratus, 3/'<7oy.- -L. L. S. Boghead, Hamilton.

A. cognatus, M'Coy. — (Rare). L. L. S. Main Limestone, Braid wood.

A. concavus, M'Coy. — L. L. S. Boghead, Lesmahagow.

A. concentricostriatus, MlCoy. — (Rare). L. L. S. Corrieburn.

A. consimilis, J/'C%. — (Rare). U. L. S. Bowertrapping. L. L. S. Craigen-
glen.

A dissimilis, Flem. — (Rare). L. L. S. Boghead, Hamilton ; Main Lime-
stone, Carluke.

A. docens, MlCoy. — (Very Rare). L. L. S. East Kilbride.

A. Dumontianus, de Kon. — -U. L. S. Garngad Road ; Bowertrapping.
L. L. S. Trearne ; Main Limestone, Braidwood.

A. duplicicosta, M'Coy. — (Rare). L. L. S. Boghead, Hamilton ; Lingula
Ironstone, Carluke.

A. elongatus, M'Coy. L. L. S. Rough wood, Beith.

A. fallax, M^Coy. — L. L. S. Lingula Ironstone, Carluke.

A. fimbriatus, J/'Cb?/.— (Common). L. L. S. Newfield ; Boghead, Hamilton ;
Brockley ; Carluke ; Corrieburn ; Beith ; Cunningham-Baidland.

A. flexuosus, WCoy.— L. L. S. Billhead, Beith.

A. granosus, Sow. — U. L. S. Garngad Road. L. L. S. Corrieburn.

A. incrassatus, Jf'Coy. — L. L. S. Auchenskeith.

A. interstitialis, Phul.—\5. L. S. Gare ; Bowertrapping. L. L. S. Craigen-
o'len ; Corrieburn.

A. Knockonniensis, MlCoy. — L. L. S. Brockley : Boghead, Hamilton.

A. macropteris, M'Coy. — L. L. S. First Calmy Limestone, Carluke.

A. ornatus, R. Ether., jun. — L. L. S. Calderwood Cement Shales ; Main
Limestone, Carluke.

A. oryza, R. Ether., jun. — L. L. S. Second Kingshaw Limestone, Carluke.

A. ovatus, M Coy. — U. L. S. Linn Limestone, Dairy.

A. papyraceus, ' Gold/. — M. I. S. Inkerman, Paisley. L. L. S. Shale
over Cement, E. Kilbride. (In England this shell is considered charac-
teristic of Upper Carboniferous strata.)

A. planoradiatus, N'Coy. — L. L. S. Boghead ; Lesmahagow.

A. plicatus, Sow. — (Rare). U. L. S. Gare. L. L. S. Main Limestone,
Carluke : Clay Ironstone, Craigenglen.

A. scalaris, Sow. — (Very Rare). U. L.S . Gare.

A. sclerotis, M'Coy. — (Very Rare). L. L. S. Boghead, Hamilton; Craigen-
glen ; Main Limestone, Braidwood.

A. semicircularis, MlCoy. — L. L. S. Rough wood ; Thornton, in Shale under
Main Limestone.

A. semistriatus, J/'(7o//.— L. L. S. East Burn, Stewarton.

A. serratus, M'Coy. — L. L. S. Newfield ; Howrat.

A. simplex, de Kon. — U. L. S. Gare ; Orchard. L. L. S. Boghead, Hamil-
ton ; Capelrig ; Cunningham-Baidland.

A. subelongatus, M'-Coy. — U. L. S. Bowertrapping. L. L. S. Craigenglen.

A. stellaris, Phill. — L. L. S. Corrieburn ; Main Limestone, Braidwood.

A. tessellatus, Phill. — U. L. S. Gare. L. L. S. Lingula Ironstone, Carluke.

21

498 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

Entolium (Pecten) Sowerbyi, M'-Coy. — L. L. S. High Blantyre ; Boghead,

Hamilton ; Thornton, in Shale under Main Limestone.
Pinna flabelliformis, Mart, (including P. flexicostata.) — U. L. S. Bishop-

briggs ; Arden. L. L. S. Beith ; Craigie ; Brockley.
P. mutica, MlCoy. — (P. Ivanskiana and P. spatula). L. L. S. Inkerman

Paisley ; Lingula Ironstone, Carluke ; High Blantyre ; Craigenglen.
Pteronites latus, Ml Coy. — (Very Eare). L. L. S. Corrieburn ; Cunning

ham-Baidland.
Actinopteria (Pteronites) fluctuosa, M'Coy. — L. L. S. Abundant in thin

band of Shale. Craigenglen.
A. persulcatus, M'-Coy. — U. L. S. Linn Spout. L. L. S. Craigenglen ;

Corrieburn ; Kilbride ; Waterland ; Beith.
Posidonomya ? (Anomia) corrugata, R. Ether, jun. — U. L. S. Linn Spout.

L. L. S. Boghead ; East Kilbride (in Cement-shales) ; Thornton (under

Main Limestone) ; Craigie.
P. ? (Estheria) punctatella, Jones. — U. L. S. Linn Spout ; Arden.

DIMYARIA.

(Freshwater Shells.)

Unless where marked otherwise these localities are all Upper Car-
boniferous.

Carbonicola (Anthracosia) robusta, Sow. — (NOTE. — This species is not
found higher than the roof of the Drumgray coal). U. C. — Carluke ;
Shotts ; Slamannan ; Dalmellington : Alexandra Parade. Glasgow.
M.I.S. Dairy.

C. acuta, Sow. — Shales of the Drumgray coal and upwards. Kilmarnock ;
Shotts ; Airdrie ; Shettleston ; Carluke. Slatyband Ironstone, Stone-
house and Douglas (Survey). L. L. S. Raes Gill Ironstone, Carluke
(Geol. Survey, sheet 23).

C. ovalis, Martin. — Virtuewell coal, Shotts ; Airdrie, Blackland Ironstone.
Bellside Ironstone, Carluke, Carmyle and Kenmuir.

C. polmontensis, Brown. — Coal shale, Polmont, nr. Falkirk ; Springhill
Colliery, nr. Kilmarnock ; Kirk wood Colliery, Old Monkland ; Ell Coal,
Kil winning.

C. turgida, Brown. — Dalmellington ; Lugar ; Wishaw ; Cambuslang ;
Shettleston.

C. aquilina, Sow. — (Unio or Anthracosia irei, Flem.). Ell to Splint Coal.
Rutherglen ; Cambuslang ; Shettleston ; Motherwell ; Fullarton,
Ayrshire. Alexandra Parade, Glasgow. Slatyband Ironstone, Douglas.
Enters largely into the composition of Musselband Ironstone.

C. similis, Brown. — Lugar : Springburn Colliery, Ayrshire.

Anthracomya modiolaris, Sow. — Ell to Drumgray coal, Airdrie ; Mother-
well ; Shettleston ; Carluke ; Kilmarnock ; Old Cumnock.

A. Williamson!, Brown. — Eastfield, Rutherglen.

A. minima, Ludwig.—M. I. S. Possil, Glasgow.

A. Phillips!, Williamson. — Palacecraig Ironstone, Airdrie.

A. Ward!, Salter. — M. I. S. Possil Lower Ironstone.

Naiadites (Anthracoptera) modiolaris, Sow. — Kilwinning : Splint Coal,
Shettleston to Rutherglen, Shotts, from Kiltongue to Gas Coal.

N. triangularis, Sow. — Shotts.

N. carinata, Sow. — Shettleston ; Carmyle ; Old Monkland ; Shotts.

N. qnadrata, Sow. — Splint Coal, Shotts.

N. (Myalina) crassa, Flem. — L. L. S. Lugton Water, nr. Dunlop ; Rough-
wood and Lyonshields, Beith.

(NOTE. — This species is found associated with marine forms.)

CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. 499

Naiadites magna, Hind.— Middle Ironstone and Coal Series. Blackband
Ironstone, Bankend, Lesmahagow.

(Marine Shells.)

Modiola megaloba, J/'Coy. — L. L. S. Craigeno-len. (NOTE.— Dr. Hind now
believes this to be a young or dwarfed condition of Naiadites crassa.)

? M. (Lithodomus) Jenkinsoni, M'Coy — Lingula Ironstone, Carluke.

Lithodomus lingualis, Phill. — (Very Rare.) L. L. S. Craigenglen; Broad-
stone, Beith ; E. Kilbride ; Lingula Ironstone, Carluke.

L. lithodomoides, Li. Ether., jun. — L. L. S. Shale under Lower Limestone,
Beith ; Glen Lora and Lochwinnoch, Renfrewshire ; Corrieburn ; Craigie,
near Kilmarnock. ( Very local and gregarious.)

Posidoniella vetusta, Sow.—\5. L. S. Castlecary ; Burn Anne (opposite
Cessnock Castle) ; Galston.

Myalina Fleming!, M'Coy.— U. L. S. Shale and Sandstone in ry. cutting,
Garngad Road. L. L. S. Thin band of Ironstone on shore S. of landing-
place, Corrie, Arran.

M. Verneuili, M'Coy. — U. L. S. — Garngad Road (as above), Auchenbeg and
Bankend, Lesmahagow. M. I. S. Inkerman, Paisley. L. L. S. Corrie,

j o i «/ /

(as above) Lingula Ironstone, and first Kingshaw Limestone, Carluke ;

Campsie ; E. Kilbride.
Parallelodon (Area) reticulatus, J/'C'oy. — U. L. S. Gare ; Orchard. L. L. S.

Craigenglen.
P. semlcostatus, M'Coy. — U. L. S. Linn Spout, Dairy ; Orchard. L. L. S.

Craigenglen.

P. Geinitzi, de Kon. — U. L. S. Linn Spout, Dairy. L. L. S. Craigeuglen.
Nucula gibbosa, Flem. — (Common.) U. L. S. Gare ; Robroyston ; George

Square, Glasgow ; Orchard ; Waukmill Glen ; Thornliebank ; Swin-

dridge and Linn Spout, Dairy. M. I. S. Bishopbriggs and Cadder ;

Robroyston. L. L. S. Hosie Limestone, Campsie and Thornton ;

Carluke ; E. Kilbride ; Craiuenglen ; Dairy ; Kilwimiing.
N. lueiniformis, Phill. — U. L. S. Gare ; Robroyston : Orchard ; Waukmill

Glen. M. I. S. Cadder ; Bishopbriggs ; Robroyston. L. L. S. Lingula

Ironstone, Carluke : Campsie and Thornton, over Hosie Limestone.
N. oblonga, J/' Coy.— (Very Rare.) U. L. S. Orchard ; Waukmill Glen ;

Thornliebank.
N. aequalis. Sou: (N.litieata.) — U. L. S. Gare ; Robroyston ; George Square;

Orchard. L. L. S. Shale above Hosie Limestone, Campsie ; Thornton

and Rae's Gill, Carluke ; Craigenglen.
N. Scotica, Hind. — L. L. S. Craigenglen.
Nuculana (Leda) attenuata, Flem. — (Common) nearly always associated

with Nucvla gibbosa. U. L. S. Gare; Robroyston; George Square,

Glasgow ; Orchard ; Waulkmill Glen : Thornliebank ; Swindridge, and

Linn Spout, Dairy. L. L. S. Shale above Hosie Limestone, Campsie

and Thornton ; Carluke ; E. Kilbride ; Craigenglen.

N. Sharmani, R. Ether, jun. — (Rare). U. L. S. Garngad Road, in Shale over-
Cement.
N. stilla, J/'Cby. — (Very Rare.) U. L. S. George Square, Glasgow ; (in

shale over Robroyston Limestone).
N. brevirostris, Phill. (Leda longirostris, Leda Young i). — (Rare.) U. L. S.

Gare ; Orchard ; Garngad Road. L. L. S. Carluke ; Campsie and

Thornton, in shale above Hosie Limestone.
N. laevistriata, Meek and Worth. — U. L. S. Orchard : Muirfoot Burn, New

Cumnock ; Den, Dairy. L. L. S. Craigenglen ; Brockley, Lesmahagow
Ctenodonta (Leda) undulata, Phill. — L. L. S. "Craigenglen. *
C. leviro strum, Porilock (Leda damta).—U. L. S. Linn Spout, Dairy :

Orchard ; Waukmill Glen. L. L. S. Lickprivick, East Kilbride.

")00 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

Schizodus axiniformis, Phill. — U. L. S. Eailway cutting, Garngad Eoad,
Glasgow (in sandstone).

Protoscliizodus axiniformis, Portl. — U. L. S. Gare : Garngad Road. L.L.S.
Lingula Ironstone, Calmy and Main Limestone, Carluke ; Craigenglen :
E. Kilbride : Beith.

P. impressus, de Kon. — U. L. S. Orchard. L.L.S. E. Kilbride.

P. obliquus, M'Coy. — L. L. S. Shale below Main Limestone, Beith.

P. triangularis, Hind. — L. L. S. Shale below Main Limestone, Beith.

P. aequilateralis, J/'Coy.— L. L. S. Calderwood Cement-stone, E. Kilbride :
Burn Anne, Galston.

Cardiomorpha oblonga, Sow. — L. L. S. Gameshil], Stewarton.

C. orbicularis, M'Coy, — L. L. S. Newfield, High Blantyre ; Gameshill,
Stewarton.

C. limosa, Flem. (C. oblonga of 1876 Catalogue). U. L. S. Gare; George
Square and Garngad Road, Glasgow ; Thornliebank ; Orchard. M. I. S.
Bishopbriggs ; Gadder ; Robroyston. L. L. S. Beith ; Craigenglen.

C. parva, Hind. — U. L. S. Orchard; Clonbeith, Kil winning. L. L. S. Water-
land, Dunlop ; Gateside, Beith.

Sedgwickia scotica, Hind.—'L. L. S. M'Donald Limestone, Muirkirk ;
Shale under Main Limestone, Beith ; Craigenglen.

Edmondia unioniformis, Phill. — U. L. S. Shale over Arden Limestone,
Barrhead. L. L. S. Shale under Main Limestone, Beith ; Hindog Glen,
Dairy.

E. Josepha. U. L. S. Garngad Road ; Browntod, near Quarter Road
Station. L.L.S. Trearne, Dockra, and under Main Limestone, Lang-
side, Beith.

E. Lowickensis, Hind, — U. L. S. Thornliebank ; Girtle Quarry. Dairy ;
Index Limestone, Hillerhirst.

E. oblonga, Portlock. — L. L. S. Shale below Main Limestone, Beith.

E. Lyelli, Hind.- L. L. S. Newfield, High Blantyre; Craigenglen; Swin-
lees and Auchenskeith, Dairy ; Broadstone, Beith ; M'Donald Lime-
stone, Muirkirk.

E. rudis, M^Coy. — L. L. S. Newfield, High Blantyre ; Craigenglen ; Shale
below Main Limestone, Beith ; Hindog Glen, Dairy.

E. primaeva, Portlock.— L. L. S. Corriebnrn (in Pecten Shale), Langside,
' Beith.

E. transversa, Hind. — U. L. S. Garngad Road. L. L. S. Beith ; Auchen-
skeith, Dairy.

E. sulcata, Phill. — L. L. S. Bathgate ; Howood ; Beith ; Carluke.

E. M'Coyi, Hind. — L. L. S. Trearne and Dockra, Beith ; AucheDskeith,
Dairy.

Scaldia fragilis, de Kon. — L. L. S. Calderwood Cement-stone, Kirkton-
holm, E. Kilbride.

Cypricardella concentrica, Hind.— (Rare.) (= Venus elliptica of 1876
Catalogue.) U. L. S. Linn Spout, Dairy ; Gare, Carluke ; L. L. S.
Law, Dairy ; Craigenglen.

C. crebricostata, Armstrong.— (Very Rare.) U. L. S. Gare and Wester-
house, Carluke ; Arden.

C. Selysiana, de Kon. — U. L. S. Gare ; Robroyston. L. L. S. Craigenglen ;
Law, Dairy.

C. rectangularis, M'Coy. — (Cypricardia rhombea, of 1876 Catalogue.).
U. L. S. Orchard ; Williamwood. L. L. S. Craigenglen ; Gallowhill,
Strathavon.

C. acuticarinata, Armstrong. --(Rare.) U. L. S. Gare; Robroyston;
Orchard ; Williamwood ; Linn Spout. L. L. S. Law, Dairy.

Sanguinolites angustatus, Phill. — L. L. S. Kersland Glen, Beith ; Craigen-
glen.

CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. .501

Sanguinolites Omalianus, de Kon. — L. L. S. Newfield, High Blantyre.
S. (Leptodomus) costellatus, M'Cay. — L. L. S. Boghead ; E. Kilbride ;

Craigie, near Kilmarnock. Railway cutting, Gurdy near Beith, Horizon

of Hurlet Limestone.
S. plicatus, Portl. — (S. iridinoides.) U. L. S. Orchard ; Garpel Water,

Muirkirk ; 10 fathoms below Linn Spout limestone. L. L. S. Kirkton-

holm, E. Kilbride.
S. striatogranulatus, Hind. — (S. tricostatus.) U. L. S. Linn Spout.

L. L. S. Boghead; Craigenylen ; Beith Quarries ; Hindog Glen, Dairy.
S. striato-lamellosus, de Kon. — U. L. S. Linn Spout ; Craigie, Kilmarnock.

L. L. S. Hindog Glen, Dairy.

S. Abdenensis, R. Ether., jun.— L. L. S. Corrieburn ; near Cairn Bog, Kilsyth.
Allorisma sulcata, Flem. — U. L. S. Garngad Road. L. L. S. Shale under

Main Limestone, Beith.
A. variabilis, IPCoy. — L. L. S. Calderwood Limestone, Kirktonholm, E.

Kilbride. Dockra, Beith.

A. Ansticei. Sow. — L. L. S. Auchenmade, Ayrshire.
Tellinomorplia cuneiformis, de Kon. — U. L. S. Garngad Road. L. L. S.

Thornton ; Hindog Glen, and Auchenskeith, Dairy.
Solenomya primaeva, U. L. S. Thornliebank. L. L. S. Hairmyres, E.

Kilbride ; Bathgate.
Conocardium rostratum, Martin.— (\TQY\ Rare.) L. L. S. Langside, Beith ;

Auchenmade, and Law Quarry, Dairy.

C. aliforme, Soic. — (Very Rare.) L. L. S. Corrieburn, Kilsyth.
C. decussatum, R. Ether., jun.—(Very Rare.) U. L. S. "George Square,

Glasgow. L. L. S. Law, and Glencart. Dalrv. Cement-shale, E.

Kilbride.
C. alatum, de Kon. — (Very Rare.) L. L. S. Law, Dairy ; Lesmahagow.

CARBONIFEROUS CEPHALOPODA.
BY JAMES NEILSON.

THE Carboniferous Cephalopoda are represented by a considerable number
of genera and species, which range from the Lower to the Upper Limestones,
the greater number both of species and of individuals being found in the
latter. A small species of Goniatites has been found abundantly in a thin
marine band in the LTpper Carboniferous series at Alexandra Parade, Glasgow,
Remains of large examples of Nautilus, Actinoceras, Orthoceras, and Poterio-
ceras occur in the limestone chiefly in the form of casts, but the good
specimens which are got in the shales generally have the outer shell well
preserved, some of the Orthoceratites still showing the remains of chevron-
shaped colour-bands.

Actinoceras giganteum, Sow.— U. L. S. Orchard ; Gare ; Castlecary.
L. L. S. Calderwood Cement-shale : Thornton.

A. sp. (with siphuncle larger and more compressed vertically than the above
species). — U. L. S. Thornliebank.

Cyrtoceras Gesneri, Mart. — (Very Rare). U. L. S. Gare ; Robroyston ;
Ardeii Limestone, Barrhead. L. L. S. Craigenglen.

C. rugosum, Flem. — (Rare). U. L. S. Orchard ; Thornliebank. L. L. S.
Calderwood Cement-shale, East Kilbride ; Hairmyres ; Craigenglen.

C. unguis, Phill. — (Common). U. L.S. Gare ; Thornliebank ; Orchard.
L. L. S. Calderwood Cement-shale, E. Kilbride : Thornton ; Craigen-
glen.

Orthoceras attenuatum, Flem. — (Common). U. L. S. Gare; Thornlie-
bank ; Orchard. L. L. S. Craigenglen ; Calderwood Cement-shale :
Thornton ; Carluke.

0. cylindraceum, Flem. U. L. S. Gare : Robroyston : Thornliebank.
L. L. S. Carluke ; Thornton ; Craigenglen (with colour-bands).

0. dentaloideum, Phill. — (Very Rare). L. L. S. Shale over Hosie Lime-
stone, Campsie ; Calderwood Cement-shale, E. Kilbride.

O.dilatatum, de Kon. — U. L. S. Gare. L. L. S. Corrieburn.

0. Goldfussianum, de Kon. — U. L. S. Gare. L. L. S. Raes Gill, Carluke ;
South Hill, Campsie ; Thornton.

0. laterale, Phill. — U. L. S. Orchard. L. L. S. Craigenglen; Braidwood.

0. laeve, Flem. — L. L. S. Calderwood Cement-shales ; Boghead : Nevvfield ;
E. Kilbride.

0. lineale, de Kon. — L. L. S. Netlierfield, Strathavon ; Balgrochan Glen,
Campsie.

0. ovale, Phill.- U. L. S. Orchard ; Gare.

0. Munsterianum, de Kon. — L. L. S. Shale above Hosie Limestone, Campsie.

0. pygmaeum, de Kon. — U. L. S. Shale above Hosie Limestone, Campsie,
and Thornton.

CARBONIFEROUS CEPHALOPODA. 503

Orthoceras subcentrale ? de Kon. — U. L. S. Orchard ; Gare ; Barrhead ;

Bishopbriggs. L. L. S. Calderwood Cement-shales, Kil bride.
0. sulcatum (undatum), Flem. — Common. U. L. S. Gare ; Bobroyston ;
Orchard ; Thornliebank ; George Square. L. L. S. Hosie Limestone-
shale, Thornton and Campsie. Craigenglen ; Kirktonholm.
Poterioceras cordiforme. Sow. — (Very Bare). L. L. S. Craigie ; Water-
land : Calderside ; London Hill.

P. fusiforme, Sow. — (Very Bare). L. L. S. Calderwood Cement-limestone.
P. ventricosum, J/'C'oy. — (Very Bare). L. L. S. Calderwood Cement-shale,

E. Kilbride ; Calderwood Limestone, Newfield ; Carlnke.
Discites Leveilleanus, de Kon. — L. L. S. Calderwood Limestone series,

High Blantyre, and E. Kilbride ; Main Limestone, Carluke.
Stoboceras (Nautilus) sulcatus, Flem. (S. quadratics, Flem.). — U. L. S.
Orchard ; Thornliebank ; Barrhead ; Garngad Boad. L. L. S. East
Kilbride ; Thornton (shale over Hosie Limestone).

Acanthonautilus bispinosus, Foord. — U. L. S. Cock of Arran (Geol. Survey).

Nautilus biangulatus, Sow. — U. L. S. Gare ; Arden ; Thornliebank. L. L. S.

East Kilbride ; Corrieburn ; Shale over Hosie Limestone, Thornton, and

South Hill, Campsie.

N. bifrons, de Kon. — L. L. S. Lugton ; (type in the Thomson collection.

Kilmarnock).

N. cariniferus, Sow. — L. L. S. Braid wood ; Bankend, Lesmahagow.
N. dorsalis, Phill. (Very Bare). — U. L. S. Castlecary.
N. excavatus, de Kon. — U. L. S. Castlecary.
N. globatus. Sow. — U. L. S. Gare ; Orchard ; Cock of Arran.
N. ingens, M>rrt. — U. L. S. Arden ; Castlecary ; Muirkirk. L. L. S. Thorn-
ton ; Braidwood ; Campsie— -in Main Limestone.

Pleuro-nautilus dorso-cariniferus, Romer, (Nautilus nodiferus, Arm-
strong).— U. L. S. Arden ; Barrhead ; Garngad Boad ; Gare. L. L. S.
E. Kilbride in Cement Limestone shale.
Solenocheilus pentagonus, Sow. — U. L. S. Castlecary.
Temnocheilus coronatus, M'Coy. (Xaatilus tuberosus.) — U. L. S. Arden
Limestone, Barrhead : Orchard ; Castlecary ; Auchenbeg. L. L. S.
E. Kilbride.
Dimorphoceras (Goniatites) Gilbertsoni, Pkill. — L. L. S. Shale over Hosie

Limestone at Thornton, Braidwood, and South Hill, Campsie.
D. Looncyi, Phill. — L. L. S. Boghead ; Baes Gill, Carluke ; Thornton, in

Shale over Hosie Limestone.

Glyphioceras (Goniatites) diadema.— Goldf. U. L. S. Orchard ; Thornlie-
bank. M. I. S. Blackband Ironstone-shale, Dairy. L.L.S. Craigenglen.
G. excavatum, Phill. — U. L. S. Orchard; Gare; Thornliebank. L.L.S.

Thornton ?

G. iinplicatus, Phill. — U. L. S. Gare ; Bobroyston.
G. micronotum, Pkill. — U. L. S. Orchard ; Garngad Boad. L. L. S. Shale

over Hosie limestone at Campsie and Thornton.
G. mutabilis, Phill. — U. L. S. Gare ; Bobroyston.
G. paucilobus, Phill. — U. L. S. Gare ; Bobroyston.
G. PMllipsi, Foord and Crick.— U. L. S. Thornliebank.
G. reticulatum, Phill. (this species includes G. Gibsoni). — U. L. S. Gare.
G. sphericum, Mart.—J3. L. S. Gare. L. L. S. Corrieburn.
G. stenobolum, Phill.— M. I. S. Bobroyston ; Bishopbriggs ; Gadder.
G. striatus, Sow. — U. L. S. Gare. L. L. S. Shale above Hosie Limestone,

Campsie ; Main Limestone, Carluke.
G. striolatum, Phill. — U. L. S. Gare ; Bobroyston ; Orchard ; Auchenbeg.

M. I. S. Bobroyston.

G. vesica, Phill.— U. L. S. Bowertrapping ; Gare ; Bobroyston ; Auchenbeg.
L. L. S. E. Kilbride ; Thornton.

.104 NOTES ON CARBONIFEROUS MOLLUSC A.

GENERAL NOTES.
BY JAMES NEILSON.

IN concluding my lists of the larger groups of the Carboniferous mollusca
some interesting points regarding their distribution may be mentioned.

On certain horizons of both the Lower and Upper Limestone Series an
associated group of shells always appears in some of the shales and the clay
ironstones, and sometimes in the calmy or cement limestones. The following
are its most characteristic genera : — Nucula, Nuculana, Ctenodonta, Paral-
lelodon, and Cypricardia, amongst the bivalves ; Plcurotomaria, Murchisonia,
Eiiomphalus, Macroc/ieilus, Naticopsis, Loxonema, Dentalium, and Bellerophon,
amongst the univalves ; and Nautilus, Cyrtoceras, Orthoceras, and Goniatites,
amongst the chambered shells.

From these same strata Corals, Crinoids, Polyzoa, and most of the Brachio-
pods, are absent, or at least rarely present ; but, on the other hand, in the
strata where these latter groups do occur abundantly, the above-mentioned
group of mollusca rarely appears. It may also be stated that the above genera
of mollusca are generally absent from the purer limestones, or are sparely
represented by different species which do not appear in the shales. A
cursory examination of any collection of Western Scottish fossils will show
that all the genera named are chiefly derived from the Lower and Upper
Limestone shales.

This grouping of the molluscan and other marine faunas of the Scottish
Carboniferous sea-bottom has in all probability depended greatly upon the
depth of water, the temperature, and the nature of the sediments which
were then being deposited. The reappearance at wide intervals, and at several
horizons, of strata containing such varying groups of molluscan life shows
clearly that certain conditions of the sea-floor were requisite for their growth
and development, and also, on the other hand, that the same conditions were
not favourable to the growth of Corals, Crinoids, Polyzoa, and many of
the Brachiopods.

THE CARBONIFEROUS GASTEROPODA OF THE CLYDE

DRAINAGE AREA.

BY J. G. GOODCHILD, F.G.S.

THE following list of the Carboniferous Gasteropoda occurring in the Basin
of the Clyde has been compiled from various sources, chiefly by Mr. A.
Macconochie, Assistant Curator of the Scottish Geological Survey Collections.
The nomenclature of this section of the mollusca remains in a very un-
satisfactory state, except as regards the species which have been revised by
Miss Donald.

Aclisina aciculata, Donald. Gillfoot ; Capelrig ; East Kilbride ;

Craigenglen.

A. attenuata, Donald. Gare ; Glencart ; Capelrig.

A. COStulata, Donald. Law ; Glencart ; High Blantyre ;

Craigenglen.

A. COStulata, var. dubia, Donald. Craigenglen ; Cunningham -Baidland.
A. elongata, Fleming. Glencart ; Capelrig.

A. elongata, var. cingulata, Donald. Law ; Crawfield.
A. elongata, var. varians, Donald. Capelrig ; Craigenglen.
A. elongata, var. parvula. Law ; Crawfield.

A. pulchra, var. intermedia. Law Quarry, Dairy.

A. pulchra, var. tenuis, de Kon. Eobroyston ; Swindridge.

A. pusilla. Law ; Glencart.

A. quadrata, Donald. Law.

A. quadrata, var. striatissima, Donald. Law.
A. similis, Donald. Law : Glencart.

A. terebra, Donald. Crawfield Quarry, Beith.
Bellerophon apertus, Sowerby. Howrat.

B. cornu-arietis, Sow. Main Limestone, Carluke.

B. (Bucania) decussatus, Fleming. Gare ; Robroyston ; Swindridge.
B. (B.) decussatus, var.striatus,/Ye?n, Gare ; Robroyston.
B. (Tropidocyclus) Duchastelli,

Leceille. Boghead ; Hamilton.

B. (Waagenella)Dumonti,c?'Or&(9^?/. Bowertrapping : Craigenglen.
B. hiulcus, Sow. Pandearon Burn, Kilbirnie.

B. Larcomi, Portlock. Hairmyres.

B. (Waagenella) Leveilleanus, de

Kon. Orchard ; Gare.

B. (Tropidocyclus) Oldhami, Portl. South Hill, Campsie.
B. tangentialis, Phill. Gare.

B. tenuifascia, Sow. Gare ; Woodhead, Galston.

506

CARBONIFEROUS GASTEROPODA.

Bellerophon (Euphemus)Urei, Flem.

Chiton Armstrongianus, Eth.jv.it.

C. burro vianus, Kirkby.

C. cordatus, Kirkby.

C. dalryensis, Eth.jun.

C. Geikiei, Eth.jun.

C. gemmatus, de Kon.

C. humilis, Kirkby.

C. Loftusianus, King.

C. soleaformis, Eth.jun.

Chitonellus Bennieanus, Eth.jun.

C. Kirkbyanus, Eth.jun.

C. patelliformis, Eth.jun.

C. subquadratus Kirkby.

C. Youngianus, Kirkby.
Dentalium (Entalis) dalryense,

Young.

D. (E.) ingens, de Kon.

D. (E.) inornatum, M'-Coy.
D. (E.) priscum, Goldfuss.

D. (E.) scoticum, Young.
Elenchus antiquus, J/'6'o//.

E. subulatus, M'Goy.

Eulinia (Polyphemopsis) Phillips-

iana, de Kon.
Euomphalus, Sow.
E. acutus, Sow.
E. calyx, Phill.

E. (Schizotoma) carbonarius, Sow.
E. Dionysii, Goldf.
E. marginatus, M'Coy.
E. (Straparollus) pentangulatus.

Sow.

E. pileppsideus, PAj'W.
E. pugilis, Phill.

E. (Raphistoma) radians, <h Kon.
E. serpula, rfe Kon.
E. tabulatus, M"Coy.
E. (Omphalotrochus) tuberculatus,

Mem.

Lacuna antiqua, N'-Goy.
Loxonema brevis, Jf'Coy.
L. clathratula, Young and Armstrong
L. constricta, J/«r^
L. curvilinea, PhiU.
L. Lefebvrei,

L. (Orthonema) polygyra, MlCoy.
L. rugifera, Phill.
L. scalaroidea,

L. sulcatula, MlCoy.

L. Urei, T^em.

Macrocheilus (Macrochilina) acutus

Sow.

M. (Polyphemopsis) fusiformis, Sou
M. (Macrochilina) imbricatus, Sow.

(lare ; Orchard ; Craigenglen.

William wood ; Orchard.

Williamwood.

Law Quarry, Dairy.

Law Quarry, Dairy.

Law Quarry, Dairy.

Gallowhill, Strathavon.

Bobroyston.

Williamwood ; Orchard.

Law Quarry, Dairy.

Law Quarry, Dairy.

Law Quarry, Dairy.

Law Quarry, Dairy.

Law Quarry ; Craigenglen.

Craigenglen ; Cunningham-Baidland.

Swindridge.

First Calmy Limestone, Carluke.

Swindridge ; Orchard.

Gare ; Orchard ; Craigenglen.

Dockra ; Kerrsland Glen.

Robroyston.

Eobroyston.

Orchard ; Gare ; Craigenglen.

Bowertrapping ; Craigenglen.
Burtonhead, Stewarton.
Orchard ; Thorton.
Bowertrappitig ; High Blantyre.
Linn Spout.

Arden : Bowertrapping.

Williamwood.

( 'armel Water, Kilmaurs.

Gare ; Craigenglen.

Glen cart.

Linn Spout.

Craigenglen.
Law Quarry, Dairy.
Gare.

. Robroyston ; Gare.
Capelrig.

Gare ; Robroyston ; Gurdy.
Beith Quarries ; Main Limestone,

Carluke.

Cunningham-Baidland ; Gillfoot.
Craigenglen ; Hairmyres.
Gare ; Robroystou ; Hairmyres ; Craig-
englen.

Bowertrapping.
Capelrig ; Boghead ; Hairmyres.

Gare ; Hairmyres ; Craigenglen.
. Gare ; Robroyston ; Swindridge.
Orchard ; Gare ; Craigenglen.

CARBONIFEROUS GASTEROPODA. 507

Macrocheilus Michotianus, de Kon. Robroyston ; Gare ; Boghead, Hamil-
ton.

M. rectilineus, Phill. Gare.

M. (Macrochilina) semistriatus,

Young and Armst. Orchard ; Robroyston.

M. tricinctus, JTCoy. Gare.

Murchisonia angulata, Phill. Craigenglen.

M. cincta, Donald. Law ; Glencart.

M. (Stegocoelia) compacta, Donald. Glencart.
M. (Hypergonia) conula, var. con-

vexa, Donald. Craigenglen.

M. dalryensis, Donald. Dairy.

M. (Hypergonia) deplanata, Donald. Law ; Glencart.
M. elongata, Portl. Gillfoot.

M. (Glyphodeta) fimbricarinata.

Youny and Armst. Robroyston.

M. M'Coyi. Law.

M. (Hypergonia) pentonensis,

Donald. Law ; Craigenglen.

M. (H.) plana, Donald. Law ; Craigenglen.

M. (H.) quadricarinata, M'Coy. Craigenglen.

M. quinquecarinata, de Ron. ' Robroyston ; Craigenglen.

M. quinquecarinata, var. pulchella,

Donald. Law.

M. (Stegocoelia) Smithiana, Donald. La\v.
M. (Aclisoides) striatula, de Kon. Orchard ; Robroyston ; Swindridge ;

Craigenglen.
M. (A.) striatula, var. Armstrong-

iana, Donald. Law ; Craigenglen.

M. subsulcata, de Kon. Craigenglen.

M. (Goniostropha) subtilistriata. Glencart.
M. Thomson!, Donald. Craigenglen.

M. (Goniostropha) turriculata, var.

scotica, Donald. Dairy Upper Limestone series.

M. Stegocoelia) variabilis, Donald. Law, Dairy ; Crawfield, Beith.
M. Youngiana, Donald. Law ; Glencart..

Naticopsis canaliculata, M'Coy. Main Limestone, Campsie ; Boghead,

Hamilton.
N. elliptica, Phill. Craigenglen ; below Main Limestone,

Carluke.

N. elongata, Phill. High Blantyre ; Craigenglen.

N. lirata, Phill. Arden ; Bowertrapping.

N. (Tychonia) Omaliana, de Kon. Swindridge ; Lingula Ironstone, Car-
luke.

N. plicistra, Phill. Gare ; Hairmyres ; Gillfoot.

N. robroystonensis. Young and Armst. Robroyston ; Gare ; Orchard.
N. tabulatus, Phill. Glencart, Dairy.

N. variata, Phill. Bowertrapping ; Hairmyres ; Craigen-

gleu.

Niso Smithiana, Young. Glencart.

Orthonema pygmaeum, Donald. Glencart, Dairy.
Platyceras (Capsulus) angustus,

PhiU. Gare.

P. (C.) carinatus, M'Coy. Craigenglen.

P. (C. ) neritoides, Phill. Orchard ; High Blantyre.

P. (C.) vetustus, Sow. Gare ; Bowertrapping ; Limekilnburn.

Porcellia armata, De Verneuil. Orchard ; Craigenglen ; Craigie.

oOS CARBONIFEROUS GASTEROPODA.

Porcellia (Leveilleia) puzosi, Lev. Craigenglen.

Pleurotomaria acuta, Phill. Glencart, Dairy.

P. altavittata, WCoy. Bowertrapping ; Main Limestone,

Carluke.

P. benediana, de Kon. Robroyston : Gare.

P. carinata, Sow. Robroyston.

P. (Mourlonia) conica, Phill. Gare ; Gillfoot ; South Hill, Campsie.

P. (Agnesia) contraria, de Kon. Capelrig ; Boghead, Hamilton ; Hair-

myres.

P. (Mourlonia) expansa, Phill. Gare ; Craigenglen ; Beith Quarries.

P. frenoyana, de Kon. Gare ; Orchard.

P. (Ptychomphalus) galleottiana,

de Kon. Craigenglen ; Hairmyres.

P. granulata, de Kon. Inker-man Pits, Paisley.

P. interstrialis, Phill. Glencart.

P. (Ptychomphalus) monilif era, Phill. Gare; Orchard ; Craigenglen.
P. multicarinata, MlCoy. Main Limestone, Braid wood.

P. ovoidea, Phill. Main Limestone, Carluke.

P. striata, Sow. Robroyston ; Gare ; Germiston.

P. undulata, Phill. Gare.

P. Youngiana, Armst. Craigenglen.

P. (Baylea) Yvani, Lev. Orchard ; Boghead, Hamilton ; Craig-

englen.

Rabdospira Selkirk!.
Siliquaria (?) carbonaria, Young.
Trochus (Microdoma) biserratus,

Phill. Swindridge ; Craigenglen.

T. coniformis, de Kon. Arden.

T. (Turbonellina) lepidus, de Kon. Craigenglen ; Main Limestone, Braid-
wood.

Turbo (Turbonitella)biserialis,PM£. Broadstone.
T. spiratus, M'Coy. Roughwood.

IXCERTAE SEDIS.

Conularia quadrisulcata, Sow. Gare ; Robroyston ; Boghead, Hamil-

ton ; Thornliebank.

THE CARBONIFEROUS ECHINODERMATA OF
THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

BY JOHN SMITH.

L AM much indebted to Dr. F. A. Bather of the British Museum for kindly
undertaking the revision of the nomenclature of the following list of the

*O *~'

Echinoderms of the Clyde drainage area. It mav be added that I solelv am

»/ O *• «.•

responsible for the identification of the species included in it.

Archaepcidaris Munsteriana, de Ron. — L. L. S. Beith and Dairy ; very rare.

A. scotica, -/. Young. — Craigenglen, Campsie ; very rare.

A. Urei, Flem. — U. L. S., L. L. S. ; abundant.

Melonechinus Youngi, Keeping, sp. — L. L. S. Beith, Dairy, Muirkirk :

abundant, but local.
Palaechinus sphericus, MiCoy. — L. L. S. East Burn, N.E. of Stewarton :

very rare.
Allagecrinus Austin!, Eth. and Carp. — L.L.S. Dairy and Howood ; common

at Howood.

Platycrinus laevis, Mill. — L. L. S. Kilsyth, Dairy, Beith.
P. trigintidactylus, Austin.— L. L. S. Dairy, Beith, Muirkirk.
Megistocrinus globosus, Mill., sp. — Carluke; first calmy limestone; rare.
Parisocrinus quinquangularis, Mill. — U. L. S., L.L.S. Muirkirk, Dairy.

Beith, Kilwinning.

Scaphiocrinus conicus, PhilL, sp. — L. L. S. Dairy, Beith.
Poteriocrinus crassus, Mill. — U. L. S., L. L. S. Dairy, Carluke, Thornlie-

bank ; Jrequent.

P. opissus, de Kon. and Le Hon. — Capelrig, Newton-Mearns ; very rare.
Zeacrinus M'Coyanus, de Kon. and Le Hon., sp.— L. L. S. Beith, Dairy.

Howood ; scarce.

Hydreionocrinus calyx, M'Coy, sp. — L. L. S. Dairy ; rare.
H. scoticus, de Kon. — L. L. S. Boghead, Hamilton ; High Blantyre.
Scytalecrinus tennis, Mill., sp. — U. L. S., L. L. S. Beith, Gare ; scarce.
Ulocrinns globnlaris, de Kon., sp. — L. L. S. Beith, Dairy, Campsie :

frequent.

Rhodocrinus uniarticulatus, de Kon. and Le Hon. — Beith ; rare.
Chiridota Robertson!, Eth. Jr. — Orchard ; rare.
C. primaeya, Eth. Jr. — Orchard.
C. Traquairi, Eth. Jr. — (An Elpidiid, not near Chiridota}, U. L. S. Muirkirk.

-L. L. S. Orchard.
Ancistrum Nicholson!, Eth. Jr. — Orchard, Eobroyston.

THE CONODONTS OF THE CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS
OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

BY JOHN SMITH.

IT has long been a subject of dispute as to the order of animal life to which
Conodonts belonged. Dr. Pander was the first to discover their remains, in
1856, and I found them in Scottish Carboniferous strata in 1876. I did not,
however, publish my observations till 1899, so that I have had ample time to
make a fairly exhaustive search for them in the rocks of the West of
Scotland.1 Being minute and very tender these organisms require to be
searched for in the most careful manner. They are found chiefly in the
powder of rotted limestone, and, but very rarely, in shale, belonging to the
Upper and Lower Limestone series. These are indicated in the following
list by letters in heavy type, U.L.S. and L.L.S. :

Polygnathus dubius, Hinde. — L.L.S., Birkhead, Dairy ; U.L.S., Stack -

lawhill, Stewarton ; Robroyston, Glasgow.
P. (Gnathodus) mosquensis, Pander. — L.L.S., Cunningham-Baidland ; Law

and Birkhead, Dairy ; Glenbuck, Muirkirk ; U.L.S., Glencart, Dairy :

Linn Spout, Dairy ; Monkcastle, Kilwinning ; Stacklawhill, Stewarton :

Robroyston, Glasgow.

P. navicula, Hinde. — L.L.S. , Poneil, Douglas.
P. (Centrodus) connexus, Pander. — L.L.S., Law and Auchenskeith.

Dairy ; U.L.S., Glencart ; Monkcastle.
P. situlus, Zfrnafe.- -U.L.S., Linn Spout ; Monkcastle; Glencart; Orchard:

Hillhead, Chryston ; Limekilns, E. Kilbride.
Centrodus duplicatus, Pander.— L.L.S., Law ; Birkhead ; U.L.S., Glencart :

Monkcastle.

C. lineatus, Pander. — U.L.S., Linn Spout ; Glencart ; Monkcastle ; Orchard.
Prioniodus tulensis. Pander. — [Skateraw, Dunbar ;] L.L.S., Glenbuck :

Law ; U.L.S., Glencart.

P. angulatus, Hinde. — L.L.S., Birkhead ; U.L.S., Glencart ; Monkcastle.
P. spicatus, Hinde. — L.L.S., Birkhead.
P. peracutus, Hinde. — L.L.S., Law and Low Baidland, Dairy ; U.L.S.,

Glencart ; Robroyston ; Monkcastle ; Stacklawhill ; Limekilns.
P. complex, Hinde. — U.L.S. , Glencart ; Linn Spout.
P. gemmus, Hinde. — U.L.S., Glencart ; Linn Spout.
P. porcatus, Hinde.— U.L.S., Monkcasfle.
Ctenognathus obliquus, Pander.— L.L.S., Law ; Birkhead.

1 Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Glasgow, 1898-1899.

INCERTAE SEDLS.

MICRO-FOSSILS IN MlDDLETONITE IN THE
CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

BY JOHN SMITH.

ORDER CONFERVOIDAE. — Smith.1

Sphaironema curta, Smith. — Annandale, Kilmarnock.

S. plana, >$'. — Annandale.

S. miskensis, S. — Misk, Stevenston.

S. ayrshirensis, S. — Misk.

S. clavata, S. — Annandale.

S. tenuis, S. — Annandale.

S. (?) spimilosa, S. — Misk.

S. monilifera, *S. — Annandale.

S. filiformis, S. — Annandale.

Nemaplana filiforme, S. — Annandale.

Nemaclada alternata, S. — Annandale.

N. dichotoma, S. — Annandale.

N. pulvifera, S. — Annandale.

N. contorta, S. — Annandale.

N. Beveridgei, S. — Misk.

ORDERS UNCERTAIN.

Peronosporoides carbonifera, S. — Annandale.
Leptonemajbenuis, S. — Annandale.
Carbonacarpa annandalensis, S. — Annandale.

The following may belong to Crustacea or Annelida :

Corophioides polyupsilon, Smith. — Crawfordland, Kilmarnock ; Go\vkha;,
Kilwinning.2

1 Trans. Gcol. Soc. of Glasgoiv, vol. x. , 1900, p. 318, plate vii.
-Ibid., vol. ix., 1893, p. 289, plate x.

THE CARBONIFEROUS FISHES OF THE
WEST OF SCOTLAND.

BY R H. TRAQUAIR M.D, LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S.

THE Carboniferous rocks of the West of Scotland are rich in fish-remains,
although entire specimens of fishes are not of such frequent occurrence as in
Midlothian or North Staffordshire. I have not myself collected in the
district, but I have carefully examined the Carboniferous fish -remains in the
principal collections of Western Scottish Fossils, viz. :

1. The James Thomson collection now in the new Kilmarnock Museum.

2. The Hunter-Selkirk collection, in the same institution.

3. The collection contained in the Hunterian Museum, of the University

of Glasgow, which includes the fish-remains collected by the late
Dr. Eankine of Carluke.

4. The collection formed by the late Mr. Robert Craig, Beith.

5. The collection of Mr. John Smith, Monkredding, Kilwinning.

6. The collection of Mr. James Neilson, Glasgow.

7. The collection of Mr. Robert Dunlop, formerly of Stanrigg, Airdrie, and

now in New Zealand.

8. The collection of Mr. David Sinclair, Kilmarnock.

Besides the fish-remains in these collections (to the possessors and guardians
of which I must return my best thanks for facilities of inspection), I have
noted those in the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art, which, a good
many years ago acquired the collection of the late Mr. James Armstrong of
Glasgow, and that of Dr. Grossart of Salsburgli, Carluke.

The result of my recent examination is to confirm the conclusion at which

I arrived a good many years ago, after studying the fossil fishes of Fife and
the Lothians, — that so far as fish-life is concerned there are only two great
life-zones — Upper and Lower — in the Carboniferous system of Great Britain.
In Scotland the Upper division includes the true Coal-measures with the

II n deriving Millstone Grit, while in the lowerone may be reckoned, in downward
succession, the Upper Limestone series ; the Edge Coal series of Edinburgh
geologists, or the "Lower Coal" series of those who dwell in the west ; the
Lower Limestone series ; and the Calciferous Sandstone series.

The difference between the fish-fauna of these two great divisions is not,
however, quite so instructively brought out in the West of Scotland as in the
East, the reason being that the fish-remains from the Lower Carboniferous
rocks of the West are principally from the marine limestones, while those of
the Upper division or true "Coal-measures" are wholly estuarine, and in
setting up " life-zones " we must, of course, compare the organisms which
lived under similar conditions. This we are enabled to do better in the East
of Scotland owing to the great richness in fossil fishes of the Lower Carboni-
ferous estuarine beds there, though the list from the entire formation is not

CARBONIFEROUS FISHES OF THE WEST OF SCOTLAND. 513

so great as that from the West, owing to the smaller extent of the Coal-
measures, and the consequently smaller number of the workings. The fish-
remains which have, however, occurred in the Coal-measures (Upper Carboni-
ferous) of Fife and the Lothians belong to the same fauna as those of the
West of Scotland, and of the North and West of England.

In the following list of species I have, therefore, only indicated two great
horizons, the Lower and Upper Carboniferous, which are distinguished by the
letters L.C. and U.C. respectively, in heavy type.

Elasmobranchli.

Diplodus gibbosus, Agassis. U.C.
Pleuracanthus laevissimus, Agass. U.C.

P. cylindricus (Agass). U.C.

P. robustus, Davis. U.C.

P. alatus, Davis. U.C.

P. denticulatus, Davis. U.C.

P. Thomson!, Davis. U.C.

P. tenuis, Davis. U.C.

Cladodus mirabilis, Agass. L.C.

C. striatus, Agass. L.C.

C. Neilsoni, Traq. L.C.

Dicrenodus dentatus (M'Coy). L.C.

Janassa clavata (ZPCoy). L.C.

J. linguaeformis, Atthey. U.C.

J. Wisei, Traq. L.C.
Petalorhynchus psittacenus

(WCoy). L.C.

Petalodus acuminatus (Agass). L.C.

Ctenoptychius apicalis, Agass. U.C,
C. serratus (Owen). L.C.

C. lobatus (R. Eth.jun.). L.C.

C. tripartitus, Davis. L.C.

Callopristodus pectinatus (Agass). U.C.

Polyrhizodus magnus, Agass. L.C.

Pristodus Benniei, R. Eth.jun. L.C.

Copodus cornutus, Davis. L.C.

C. prototypus (Davis). L.C.

C. spatulatus, Davis. L.C.

Psammodus rugosus, Agass. L.C.

Helodus simplex, Agass. U.C.

H. serratus (Davis). L.C.

Pleuroplax Rankinei (Agass). U.C.

P. Attheyi, BarJcas. U.C.

P. falcatus, Traq. L.C.

Psephodus magnus (M'Coy). L.C.

2K

Carluke ; Newarthill.
Carluke ; Newarthill ; Annick
Lodge ; Motherwell ; Airdrie.

Motherwell
Newarthill.

Annick Lodge ;
Airdrie.

Kilmarnock Water r

Lugton Water.

Kilmarnock Water.

Quarter.

Shotts.

Waterland ; Beith.

Bowertrapping ; Beith.

East Kilbride.

Overton, Beith.

Overton and Broadstone, Beith.

Newarthill, Dykehead, Ki [win-
ning.

East Kilbride.

Beith ; Auchenskeith.

E. Kilbride ; Trearne, Beith ; Bog-
head ; Lesmahagow ; Stewar-
ton.

Carluke.

Broads,tone, Beith ; Auchenskeith.

Brockley ; Cunningham-Baidland ;
Gameshill ; Gateside, Beith ;
Corrieburn, Campsie.

Beith.

Carnbroe.

Auckenskeith ; Trearne, Beith.

Orchard ; Dockra ; Auchenskeith.

Beith ; Lugton.

Broadstone, Beith.

Beith ; Lugton.

Beith ; E. Kilbride ; Waterland ;
Lugton.

Thornton ; Fergushill ; Carluke.

Waterland ; Lugton ; Beith.

Carluke ; Carnbroe ; Quarter ; Kil-
marnock ; Well wood ; Muir-
kirk.

Carluke ; Thornton.

Overton, Beith.

E. Kilbride ; Broadstone, Beith ;
Auchenskeith ; Brockley,
Lesmahagow.

514

THE CARBONIFEROUS FISHES OF

Sandalodus Morrisi (Davis). L.C.

Xystrodus striatus (MlCoy). L.C.

Poecilodus Jonesi (M'-Coy). L.C.

P. obliauus (M'Coy). L.C,

Cochliodus contortus, Agass. L.C.

Streblodus oblongus, (Portlock). L.C.

S. Colei, Davis. L.C.

Deltoptychius acutus, M'-Coy. L.C.

Orodus sp. L.C.

Sphenacanthus serrulatus, Agass. L.C.

S. hybodoides (Egerton). U.C.

Tristychlus arcuatus, Agass. L.C.

Euphyacanthus semistriatus,

Traq. L.C.

Ctenacanthus major, Agass. L.C.

C. denticulatus, M'-Coy. L.C.

Acondylacanthus Jenkinsoni L.C.
(WCoy).

Asteroptychius ornatus, M'Coy. L.C.

Harpacanthus major, Traq. L.C.

Perissacanthus Craigi, Traq. L.C.

Cosmacanthus carnatus, Davis. L.C.

Physonemus arcuatus, if" Coy. L.C.

Erisonacanthus Jonesii, M^Coy. L.C.

Oracanthus Milleri, Agass. L.C.

0. armigerus, Traq. L.C.

Euctonius unilateralis (Barlcas). U.C.

Lepracanthus Colei, Owen. U.C.

Gyracanthus formosus, Agass. U.C.

G. Youngi, Traq.
Aganacanthus striatulus, Traq.
Bertacanthus striatus, Traq.
B. tuberculatus, Traq.
Acanthodes Wardi, Egerton.

Acanthodopsis Wardi (Hancock
Atthey).

L.C.
L.C.
U.C.
U.C.
U.C.

Trearne, Beith.
Craigbank ; Lesmahagow.
Bowertrapping; Linnspout, Dairy;

Broadstone, Beith.
Howrat. This is considered by

Dr. Smith Woodward to be

the lower dental plate of

P. Jonesi.
Broadstone, Beith.
Broadstone and Dockra, Beith.
Overtoil, Beith.
Roughwood, Beith ; Auchen-

skeith.
Beith.

Barkip, Dairy.
Shettleston ; Quarter ; Larkhall ;

Newarthill ; Annick Lodge ;

Fergushill, &c.
Lugton ; Blackstone ; Greenside ;

Barkip, Dairy ; Fossil.

Dairy ; Waterland ; Lugton.
Gameshill ; Stewarton ; Beith.
Barkip, Dairy.
Broadstone and Overtoil, Beith ;

Loudon Hill.
Trearne, Beith.
Beith.

Overtoil, Beith.
Overtoil, Beith.
Broadstone, Beith.
Dockra, Beith.
Ringwood, Beith.
Muirkirk ; Beith.
Newarthill ; Quarter ; Fergushill.
Carluke.
Shettleston ; Larkhall ; Quarter ;

Cambuslang ; Newarthill ;

Kirkwood ; Annick Lodge ;

Motherwell ; Wishaw.
Barkip, Dairy.
Beith. '
Motherwell.

Crosshouse ; Kilmarnock.
Airdrie ; Carluke ; Kilmarnock ;

Lugton Water.

U.C. Carluke.

Teleostomi.

Crossopterygii.

Megalichthys Hibberti, Agass. . U.C. Newarthill ; Airdrie ; Carnbroe ;

Carluke ; Quarter ; Busbie
Head Pit; Kilmarnock Water;
Annick Lodge ; Fergushill.

M. coccolepis, Young, U.C. Quarter.

THE WEST OF SCOTLAND.

515

Megalichtnys intermedius, A. S.

Woodward. U.C.

M. pygmaeus, Traq. U.C.

M. sp. L.C.

Ehizodopsis sauroides (William- U.C.

son).

Ehizodus Hibberti (Agass.). L.C.

E. ornatus, Traq. L.C.

Strepsodus sauroides (Binn&y). U.C.

S. sulcidens (Atthey). U.C.

S. striatulus, Traq. L.C.

Coelacanthus elegans, Newb. U.C.

Coelacanthus abdenensis, Traq. L.C.

Carluke; Airdrie; Carnbroe.

Castlehill, Carluke ; Bartonholm.

Howrat.

Newarthill ; Castlehill, Carluke ;
Kilmarnock Water ; Lugton
Water ; Bartonholm.

Fossil ; Dairy ; E. Kilbride.

Thorntonhall ; E. Kilbride.

Carnbroe ; Newarthill ; Mother-
well ; Fergushill ; Bogend.

Annick Lodge ; Fergushill.

E. Kilbride ; Overton, Beith.

Newarthill ; Castlehill, Carluke ;
Motherwell ; Kilmarnock
Water ; Fauldhouse ; Lugton
Water ; Fergushill ; Barton -
holm ; Stevenston.

Overton, Beith.

Ctenodus cristatus, Agass.

Sagenodus inequalis, Owen.

Dipnoi.

U.C. Larkhall ; Quarter ; Carnbroe ;
Kilmarnock Water ; Fergus-
hill ; Crosshouse.

U.C. Newarthill ; Busbie ; Airdrie ;
Fergushill ; Crosshouse, Kil-
marnock.

A ctinopteryg ii.

Gonatodus parvidens, Traq.
Elonichthys Robisoni (Hibberfy
E. Egertoni (Egert.).
E. Aitkeni, Traq.
E. pectinatus, Traq.
E. multistriatus, Traq.
Acrolepis Hopkinsi, M'Coy.
A. Hopkinsi, M'Coy.
Ehadinichthys ornatissimus

(Agass).

E. Grossarti, Traq.
E. monensis (Egert.).
Nematoptychius greenocki

(Agass).

Eurynotus crenatus, Agass.
Cheirodus granulosus ( Young).

C. crassus, Traq.

Mesolepis sp.

Platysomus parvulus, Young.

P. Forsteri (Hancock and Atthey).

L.C. Fossil.

L.C. E. Kilbride.

L.C. Carluke.

U.C. Carluke ; Crosshouse.

L.C. E. Kilbride.

L.C. Broadstone, Beith.

L.C. Braidwood ; E. Kilbride.

U.C. Kilmarnock Water.

L.C. E. Kilbride.

U.C. Shotts ; Crosshouse.

U.C. Stevenston.

L.C. Fossil.

L.C. Fossil ; Crawford, Beith.

U.C. Lugton Water; Fergushill; Cauld-

hame.
L.C. Overton and Langside, Beith ;

Auchenskeith.
U.C. Carluke.

U.C. Carluke ; Cauldhame.
U.C. Newarthill.

It will be observed, that of the 99 species contained in the above list 58
have been obtained exclusively from the Lower, and 39 exclusively from the
Upper division of the Carboniferous formation, while one only (Acrolepis
Hopkinsi) has occurred in both.

516 CARBONIFEROUS FISHES OF THE WEST OF SCOTLAND.

It is true that a large proportion of the fishes of the Lower Carboniferous
rock& of this region are marine, while those of the true Coal-measures are
entirely estuarine, but in the East of Scotland, where those of the Lower
division are likewise mostly estuarine, almost as marked a difference obtains,
as regards species, though there is of course a greater similarity in general
facies. Consequently as we can there compare estuarine with estuarine
forms, the break in the Carboniferous fish-fauna which occurs at the top of
the Upper Limestone series is, as I have already remarked, brought home to
us with all the greater force.

THE AMPHIBIA OF THE CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS
OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

BY THE LATE DR. JOHN YOUNG.

ONLY a few genera and species of Amphibians have been found in the fresh-
water or brackish-water strata from Lower Limestones to the higher beds
of the Upper Coal-measures, and usually in a fragmentary state.

Labyrinthodontia.

Anthracosaums Russelli, Huxley. Blackband Ironstone, Airdrie and

Quarter.
Loxomma Allmanni, Hux. Shale, Drumgray Coal, Carluke ;

Palacecraig Blackband, Carnbroe.
Megalerpeton plicidens, Young and

Thomson. Blackband, Quarter.

M. simplex, Y. and T. Blackband, Quarter.

Pholaderpeton, sp. Blackband, Quarter ; Blackband,

Palacecraig.

Pteroplax cornuta, Hancock and Blackband, Quarter ; Ironstone, Eaes
Athey. Gill.

THE PERMIAN ROCKS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE

AREA.

• ....

By JOHN SMITH.

As observed by Sedgwick, Binney, Harkness, and Goodchild, the Permian
rocks of England are unconformable to the underlying strata, and the patches
of this formation in the Clyde drainage area occupy a similar position.

BALLANTRAE DISTRICT.

Just north of Ballantrae harbour and on the shore, there is a narrow patch
of Permian rocks. It consists of (a) a subangular conglomerate of a reddish
tinge at parts bound together with calcite, the contained pebbles being
evidently derived from the local Silurian rocks, greywacke, and trap, and
having suffered very little tear and wear, generally no more than their
angles having been removed. (6) From a short way N. of the harbour and
on to near Bennane Head there is an exposure of fine-grained red sandstone
closely resembling that of Mauchline. The beds dip gently, and are fre-
quently cross-bedded and ripple-marked. It is so soft that the recent mollusc
Pholas crispata bores freely into it.

These beds have been bored for coal, and fresh water issues from a bore-
hole under high-tide mark. They terminate abruptly a short distance
inland, and may be faulted against the Silurians. A few narrow trap dykes
cut through them.

MAUCHLINE DISTRICT.

The Permian rocks of this district occupy a " pear-shaped " area, 9 miles
by 6 at its widest part. The lower beds consist of a series of " porphyrites,
melaphyres and tuffs, the product of volcanic vents which were active during
the earlier part of the Permian period." ("Explanation" sheet 14, Geol.
Survey.) They form a ring with an average width of less than a mile, and
doubtless extend under the red sandstones, which at parts are seen to
rest on them. There is, however, no definite line of junction, the tuft' dove-
tailing into the sandstone lying above it.

The Permian sandstone is well exposed on the Water of Ayr at Balloch-
myle and Barskimming ; on the Lugar Water, near Auchinleck ; and in
several large quarries near Mauchline. It resembles that of the Ballantrae
district, and probably is largely a subaerial formation, although some of it as
exposed in the railway cutting between Mauchline station and the Mossgiel
tunnel has evidently been laid down in water. The thickness of this patch
is not known, but is at least several hundreds of feet. Towards its
upper part, bombs of the characteristic Permian volcanic, steatitic, and
tender amygdaloidal rock occur in the sandstone, showing that towards

PERMIAN ROCKS OF CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. 519

the close of its formation (so far as seen here) volcanic activity had again set
in. A volcanic vent is seen at the north end of the Mossgiel tunnel. Car-
boniferous Coal-measure rocks extend all round this Permian area, and
doubtless under it.

ARRAN.

The geological position of the red sandstone strata of Arran had long
been a matter of dispute till the discovery on the N.E. shore of a con-
glomeratic underlying sandstone which closely resembles that of Mauchline,
proved at least that they were of post-Carboniferous limestone date and were
in all likelihood of Permian age. (Trans. Geol. Soc. of Glasgow, vol. xi.,
1898, p. 29.) The sandstones closely resemble those already described, but
the conglomerate is entirely different from that of Ballantrae, and that of
the Snar Valley to be presently mentioned. It contains pebbles of limestone
with at least 29 species of Carboniferous fossils ; the other pebbles consist-
ing of quartz, varieties of 'trap, and fragments of sandstone.

The patches of red sandstone near Corrie and at Maoldon may be of
Permian age, and have evidently been influenced, as to their dip, by the
granitic nucleus of the island.

SNAR VALLEY.*

In the Snar Valley, between Crawfordjohn and Leadhills, there is a sub-
oval area of two miles by one mile, its long axis running N.N.W. and S.S.E.
With the exception of a few feet of sandstone it is entirely composed of
conglomerate with pebbles of greywacke and radiolarian chert. It dips
towards Glendowran Hill (1543 feet) and Brown Hill (1603 feet), at about 20°
on an average. Close to the east boundary, on these hills, the dip becomes
reversed and increases to as much as 60°, which apparently indicates that
since the Permian strata were deposited they have been let down or the
hills have been elevated. They rise from 850 to 1350 feet above sea-level.
The conglomerate has a considerable resemblance to that of Ballantrae,
and like it is occasionally cemented bycalcite, the greywacke pebbles being
stained (generally to their centres) of a reddish colour, and occasionally
reaching a diameter of two feet. (Trans. Geol. Soc. Glas. vol. xi.) It is seen
at one part to rest on the upturned edges of Silurian strata, also stained to
some depth by the red colouring matter of the conglomerate.

At Bothwell the Clyde cuts through red rocks, but they are probably just
the upper part of the Coal-measure strata, although some of the beds closely
resemble the sandstone of Ballochmyle.

No fossils having been found in the Permian patches of the Clyde area,
it is entirely on lithological and stratigraphical evidence that these remnants
of an evidently once more extensive formation have been relegated to the
Permian period.

* For a detailed description of this deposit see the author's paper, Trans. Geol. Soc.
of Glasgow, vol. xi., part 2, 1900, page 250.

THE DRIFT OR GLACIAL FORMATION OF THE CLYDE

DRAINAGE AREA.

BY JOHN SMITH.

THE DRIFT BELOW SEA-LEVEL.

THE Clyde Drift-deposits extend to at least 230 feet below sea-level,1 and to
1750 feet above it.2 In a bore at Millichin, near Garscadden, 355 feet of
drift-beds were passed through, the bottom being 221 feet below the present
sea-level. These contained probably six Boulder-clays of varying shades of
colour.3 In another bore at Drumry the bottom of the drift was 230 feet
below sea-level.

It has been shown by Messrs. Croll and Bennie that a deep drift-filled
gutter extends between the Clyde and the Forth in the hollow at present
occupied by parts of the River Kelvin and the River Carron. As far as
borings give the information the highest part of that hollow cannot be far,
geographically, from the present watershed at Kilsyth, the bottom of the
trough there being 15 to 20 fathoms below the level of the canal The

^5

hollow E. of that deepens even more — at least 252 feet below sea-level — than
that yet proved on the Clyde side. Several Boulder-clays have been passed
through in the bores (as on the Clyde end of the hollow), but in the shallow
portion near Kilsyth " only sand and gravel has been found." Shells of
mollusca and foraminifera have been occasionally recorded from these beds, but
no attempt was made to "work" them systematically for organic remains
when the borings were made. At a little below and above sea-level a series
of beds with Arctic shells, etc., is found, but as they are evidently of more
recent date than the drift-beds higher up country I shall take the latter as
first in order.

THE DRIFT ABOVE SEA-LEVEL.

The drift is only occasionally seen on the shore-level, as at Ardneil Bay,
where the surface is composed of a tough reddish Boulder-clay ; on the
Garnock Water and the Water of Irvine ; on several parts of the coast
between Gourock and Skelmorlie; and in some of the sea-lochs. This
paucity of drift on the sea-margin is owing to the immense time that the
waves must have acted both on it and the adjoining rocks during the Raised
Beach period, and also the recent one when it was cut off from that below
sea-level. The last Raised Beach epoch is represented in the Clyde by a
platform or terrace about 10 feet above high-tide mark, and that it was of
great duration is shown by the present line of cliffs on its landward side.

1 J. Bennie, Trans. Geol. Soc. of Glasgow, vol. iii., part 1, 1868, p. 139.
2 The author, Ibid., vol. xi., supplement, 1898, p. 83.
3 J. Bennie, Ibid., vol. iii., part 1, 1868, p. 139.

DRIFT OR GLACIAL FORMATION. 521

At present it is the fashion to regard the close of the glacial period as of
comparatively recent date — 8000 years even having been suggested. North of
Portincross there is a Raised Beach cliff a mile long, composed of reddish
sandstone and pink trap, rising to a vertical height of 300 feet, west of
which, during the Raised Beach period, a quantity of rock of probably at least
9,000,000 of tons must have been weathered from the face of the retiring
cliff, ground into sand and mud, and carried off by the waves and currents.
The talus of this cliff amounts to more than 100,000 tons. Where the rock
is composed of sandstone and conglomerate the talus is a reddish clayey sand
with pebbles and large masses of sandstone, but where the sandstone is capped
by trap, 150 feet thick, the talus has also large blocks and shivers of trap.
Some of the blocks from this cliff rest on Raised Beach shelly beds which
they have protected from decay.

Advocates of the theory of a short period of time since the close of the
glacial period must bear in mind that there are no extinct shells in the
Eaised Beach beds of the Clyde, nor any boulders, and that little or no
alteration in sea-level has taken place since Roman times, and very little
since Iverian ones.

Above sea-level, the drift rises to at least 1750 feet, as already stated, and
like that below it contains several beds of Boulder-clay — sometimes four.
On some parts of the coast-line there are higlAnd old "scars " of drift, as N. of
Girvan and N. of Ballantrae. An exposure 3 miles N. of the latter shows :

Boulder-clay, with a few shelly fragments, . . 98 feet.
Reddish sand, with decaying shells, . . • \ 28
Dark-red clay, with a few stones and solid shells, J
Gravel and sand, with rotted shells, . . 21 „

Boulder-clay, only occasionally seen, . . . 5 „

The base of this section, not seen, is probably about sea-level.

The drift-beds as we ascend in altitude generally become thinner, and at
about 1100 feet, in Ayrshire at least, no intercalated beds have been recorded
— only Boulder-clay/ In a recent investigation of the deposits cut through
by the new railway from Elvanfoot to Wanlockhead in Lanarkshire I
observed that there is no Boulder-clay above 1000 feet, and that all the drift
is well-stratified, sometimes containing large foreign blocks.

In no part of Scotland are the drift- deposits better seen, perhaps, than in
Ayrshire, the strata in many of the sections lying almost horizontal, or
dipping with the valleys. There is clear evidence of extensive deforma-
tion having taken place, sometimes during their deposition, but occasionally
after it, and, there is an almost continuous exposure of the shelly-drift from
sea-level to a height of 1061 feet above it.1 The shells are _ generally
preserved in the Boulder-clay or in stoney clay, though sometimes in sand or
gravel, or in clay layers in the sandy beds and in laminated clay.

In Lanarkshire shelly-drift occurs on the Douglas Water at 1060 feet, and
for two miles down stream. Recently I have obtained marine fossils at even
a higher level on the Powbrane Burn. In other parts of the Clyde area shells
have been found in the drift from near to over 1100 feet above sea-level.

SHELLS IN THE BOULDER-CLAY.

It must have been noticed by most observers that shells in the Bo alder-
clay exist almost always as fragments or as single valves, though these are
often in such a fine state of preservation that it is impossible to suppose
they have been transported any distance. The fine teeth of the most
delicate Leda are in the most perfect preservation, and the epidermis is often

1 Trans. Geol. Soc. of Glasgow, vol. xi., supplement, 1898, p. 113.

522 THE DRIFT OR GLACIAL FORMATION OF

retained. True, some of the shells are scratched, and in such cases must have
been dragged a little. But how the valves have been so generally disjoined
it is not easy to explain.

That the Boulder-clays are marine deposits does not, I think, admit of
doubt ; they are frequently stratified, they often contain passage-beds
between them and their associated sand and gravel beds, and they shade
into laminated clays interbedded with them. These, taken with the fact
that they often contain an abundance of marine fossil remains, afford strong
proofs that Boulder-clays have been deposited in the sea.

The coast of Ayrshire lies well open to the Atlantic, and it is difficult to
see how its drift could be a deposit from land-ice carrying " ground-moraine "
uphill, as some geologists maintain. It is generally admitted that before the
glacial period the land stood much higher than it does at present, but this
only increases the difficulty of understanding how marine remains could
have been transported uphill by land-ice.1

But how are the drift-shells so uniformly single-valved ? It may be
suggested that after the large ligaments have decayed or been eaten by
microzoa the valves would easily fall asunder by agitation of the water
caused by the falling of stones from floating ice, and probably a large pro-
portion of the shells were smashed by the same agency.

DRIFT PECULIARITIES.

The Original Ground- Moraine is a thin layer on top of the rock which
differs from any of the drift above it, and is, I believe, the only deposit of
the kind ever formed by land-ice. Where the drift has been dragged (a) by
the stranding of icebergs, (6) by glaciers pushing into the sea amongst
deposits, or (c) by subsequent 'land-ice dragging the beds, it has been con-
verted into what may be called secondary ground-moraine.

Boulder-clay is seen sometimes resting on rock entirely different in colour
from itself even at the point of contact, and it is often difficult to know, on
the one hand, where the Boulder-clay ends and the gravel or laminated clay
begins. On the other hand, it is puzzling to decide as to whether a bed is
simply clay or Boulder-clay, as sand, gravel, and clay often contain large
blocks, and gravel is sometimes very clayey, as may at present be seen at
Blackhall, near Paisley, where it also contains boulders, is stratified, and lies
under true Boulder-clay.

Unscratched Angular Stones, well-scratched stones, and unworn and un-
scratched shells, are often got lying near each other in Boulder-clay.

Boulders versus Stones. The latter are found often in the drift, whereas
boulders are the exception, though they are conspicuous from their size.

Lines of Boulders are frequently seen in sections in the Boulder-clay, but
the arrangement is only noticeable when they extend over a considerable
space.

Ripple-marked Sand is occasionally seen interbedded in the drift, as in
sections on the Guelt Water.

Manganese Gravel. Black gravelly beds stained by the binoxide of man-
ganese are sometimes seen in the drift.

Drift on Steep If ill-sides seen in sections on the burns is always very stoney
and sometimes stratified.

Crumpled Mud is occasionally met with in the drift under normal beds.
Vertical Burrows in Sand are found in thick Boulder-clay at Newmilns.2

Sand-dykes in Boulder Clay are rare, but in. Crawfordland Burn eight are

1 The Norwegian expedition to Greenland of 1876, 1878 found remains of a littoral
fauna down to 6000 feet below sea-level.

2 Trans. Geol. Soc, of Glasgow, vol. xi., supplement, 1898, p. 31, fig. 10. .

THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. 523

exposed within a few yards, at about 380 feet above sea-level, and dip
with the valley at about 800.1

Passage-beds from Boulder-clay to Sand are well seen on Changue Burn, in
Galston parish, 700 feet above sea-level.

Peat and Vegetable Matter in Drift are found : — under a sand-bed in Boulder-
clay at Gamesloup, 70 feet 2 ; at Burnhead, near Airdrie 3 ; in sand under thick
Boulder-clay on Guelt Water, at 860 feet above sea-level 4 ; on Patrick Burn,
Muirkirk, in Boulder-clay and resting on a rotted surface of the same material,
at about 1000 feet above sea-level ; ou Afton Water, but doubtfully if in
situ, at 1350 feet above sea-level.

Shore-lines and Gravel Terraces. Near the " Windy Wizzen," E. of Darvel,
the officers of the Survey have shown on the 1 inch map No. 22, "an old sea-
beach about 700 feet above sea-level." Lately, I saw that, where exposed,
large blocks of trap from the great scar on the south face of London Hill had
at one time rolled down on the top of this sand and gravel deposit, so that
this cliff may have been the work of the waves helped by floating-ice.
Terraces of sand and gravel occur near Eagleshain 535 to 900 feet above sea-
level,5 and among the Moorfoot Hills at 1050 to 1100 feet.6 Where Boulder-
clay has been denuded away, sand and gravel are often exposed on the surface
over small areas, as on the Annick Water at 620 feet above sea-level, where
they may be seen going under Boulder-clay.

Hill-Benches backed by Cliffs or Banks &TZ occasionally seen at London Hill ;
Glen, near New Cumnock about 900 feet above sea-level ; Ponesk Valley,
Muirkirk, at about 1300 feet7 ; and in many places to much higher altitudes
un the hills near the higher tributaries of the Clyde.

Old Drift-filled Glens are frequent, the rivers having at many places left
their old glens and cut new ones, often out of solid rock.8

Post-Glacial Glens cut in Rock. Examples of these are : — the Mouse Water,
Lanark ; Craignethan ; Ness Glen, Loch Doon ; Boreland Glen, near Patna ;
Hindog Glen and Cleaves Glen, Dairy ; and the gorge in the Permian rocks
near Barskimming.

Old Land-Surfaces have been found in the drift 300 to 400 feet above sea-
level, near Beith, with roots of oak, hazel, and other trees, between Boulder-

clays.9

Angular Blocks. — In the moraine of the Ford of Moak, Loch Doon, there is
a great assemblage of angular blocks, which to all appearance have never
been rubbed, and were probably carried on the surface of a glacier.

Dry River Channels occur near Muirkirk, New Cumnock and Ballantrae,
and are cut out both of rock and drift. They have probably been formed by
streams diverted from their normal courses by ice -dams.10

BOULDERS.

According to the late Mr. Allport there is not a boulder in Arran foreign
to the island, and although it is a strong statement I know of no contradictory
evidence. The principal carriage of the granite blocks has been S. and towards
the Atlantic, very few having, apparently, come E. Across the Firth of

1 Ibid., p. 38, fig. 15. 2/foW., p. 12, fig. 2.

3 Ibid., vol. viii., part 2, 1888, p. 312.

4 Ibid., vol. xi., supplement, p. 73.

5 James Geikie, Great Ice Age, 3rd ed., 1894, p. 175, fig. 46.
*lbid., p. 177.

7 Trans. OeoL Soc. of Glasgow, vol. xi., supplement (referred to in Index).

8 See paper by the author on "The Buried or Drift-filled Glens and Channels ; and the
Post-glacial Glens of Ayrshire," Annals of the Anderson ian Naturalists Society, vol. ii.,
pp. 51-66.

9R. Craig, Trans. Geol. Soc. of Glasgow, vol. iv., part 2, 1873, p. 138.
10 Trans. Geol. Soc. of Glasgow, vol. x., part 2, 1896, p. 331.

524 THE DRIFT OR GLACIAL FORMATION OF

Clyde in Ayrshire I have seen no Arran granite above the 100 feet contour,
and very little below it, indeed not more that might have been introduced
by human agency. In the island itself many large granite blocks have come
east. A few north Highland schistose rocks are abundant in the northern
part of the Clyde area, and extend as far S. as Muirkirk (perhaps to Wanlock
Water). They have been long known to the country folk as " Heelan Whin."
Boulders of mackled granite, possibly from Ben Cruachan, but more probably
from the patch of similar granite which lies E. of the head of Loch Fyne at
Loch Garabal,1 diorite from Glen Falloch, and actinolite (hornblende) probably
from near Loch Tay, are occasionally got. Knype granite from New Cumnock
is found towards the head-waters of the Clyde, more especially in the district
between the Lowthers and the Crawick Water.

Spango granite is frequent about Muirkirk, Douglas Water, and the head-
waters of Glenmore Water and Crawick Water. On a recent investigation I
found that the Spango granite boulders extended for several miles all round
the outside of the granitic area. Watstone Hill granite is frequent in the
upper part of the Irvine valley, but less so about Strathavon, an occasional
block having found its way as far to the N.N.W. as Kilwinning and as
far E. as the Nethan Water. The granite to the south of Loch Doon and
Loch Bradan is found in immense quantities in the valleys of the Doon and
the Girvan, and along the Carrick shore, and has come N. as far as Portin-
cross, and S. to Lead hills as seen in recent railway cuttings, and also some
way West. Boulders are sometimes seen lying with their long axes in the
same direction as the rock-striae, but they are also found lying across them,
in fact in all ways, and sometimes even standing perpendicularly in the drift.

ROCK-STRIAE.

Perhaps these should have been partly treated of first of all, but it is
extremely difficult to discriminate between the first formed striae and the
later ones. Those on rock-faces are often taken as indexes to the direction
from which the drift was carried along and deposited by land-ice, but I
believe the striae have nothing to do with the drift-beds above them. It is
evident that glacier-ice was in motion long ages before they were deposited,
the old rotted rocks having in many parts been previously removed ; and the
condition of the majority of the stones and boulders in the drift shows that they
were derived from solid rock and not from the rotted surface-rock. At the
present day, for instance, solid serpentine cannot be got from the outcrops,
except on the sea-shore or from underdrift, but it can be obtained in first-
rate condition from the Boulder-clays of Lendalfoot, etc. Where the bottom
beds of drift are composed of gravel there are no striae on the rock-faces
under it. In the higher reaches of the Clyde area some of the rotted grey-
wacke and Spango granite may date from pre-glacial times.

The directions of the rock-striae in the Clyde area are briefly : — On the
Ayrshire coast, S. of, or parallel to, the coast-line ; in the lower part of the
Doon valley, N.W., or with the valley ; at Loch Doon, nearly N., or with the
valley and loch ; in N.E. Ayrshire, S.W., or with the valleys ; in the upper
hilly part of the Garnock valley, S.E., or with the valley ; on the head
waters of the Irvine, W., or with the valley ; at Fairlie, S., or with the shore
(or Clyde valley) ; at Little Cumbrae, the same ; in Renfrewshire, from
Greenock to Paisley, E.S.E. ; on Loch Lomond, S.S.E., or in the direction of
the loch ; at Airdrie, E. ; at Lanark and Carnwath, E.N.E. ; in Bute, S.S.E.,
the direction of the Firth of Clyde valley ; on the upper part of Loch Fyne,
S.S.W., or with the loch ; in the lower part of Kintyre, both across and with
the long axis of the peninsula.

It will be seen from this that the direction of the striae generally follows
the slope of the ground (though sometimes they are at right angles within

1 Hopkins, Q. J. G. S., 1850.

THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. 525

short distances, or even on the same rock-surface) so that the bulk of the
evidence is in favour of their having been produced by the action of land-ice,
before the drift-beds were deposited, but some of them may have been
caused by icebergs during a depression of the land. Striae occasionally
ascend on rock -surf aces, as in Bute, at Ashgrove near Stevens ton, in Dun-
nach Burn, Ballantrae,1 in Loch Doon, and in the Afton valley.

ROCK-DRUMS.

In the low grounds rock-drums often occur, probably under drift, and
near the coast examples are sometimes laid bare, as at Bennane Head, N. of
Ballantrae. In the valleys hemmed in by steep-sided hills — especially where
the rocks are of unequal hardness2 — they are very numerous. Perhaps the
finest display of them in the Clyde area is on the hill-slopes in the lower
eastern part of Noddsdale, and in the upper part of the Girvan valley. On
the moors they are abundant, and permanently wet rock-faces often have
them very well preserved. The long axes of rock-drums are usually with
the striae.

DRIFT-DRUMS.

The 60-feet and 40-feet Eaised Beaches occasionally rest on Boulder-clay
drums. Up to 800 feet above sea-level there are immense numbers of drift-
drums, their long axes being generally with the valleys, but sometimes across
them. Above that height clusters of small drift-drums occasionally occur in
the narrow valleys and usually at the junction of a side valley with a larger
one.3 It is quite evident that many at least of the drift-drums have been
carved out of stratified deposits by glacier-ice.4 A drift-drum is sometimes
found resting on top of a rock-drum. The waves during the last Eaised
Beach period truncated the large drift-drums N. of Girvan and Ballantrae,5
and drift has in many places, like beds of rock, been entirely carried away by
glacier-ice.

MORAINES.

These remains of ice-action are singularly scanty. Some of the fishing
" banks" in the Clyde estuary may be the upper surfaces of either moraines-
or drift-drums. At low levels near the mouths of some of the Highland
glens a few occur, like the remarkable one near Row ; on Loch Lomond-side
N. of Balmaha ; and in Arran. The fine example in Glen Fruin has a ground
plan of nearly semicircular outline, with a length of about 4 miles, and
climbs the hills on either side to a height of several hundred feet.6 There
are also the Colmonell moraine 7 ; the Cuff hill moraine ; the Penwhapple,,
Polreoch, and Avon moraines, about 750 feet above sea-level.8

KAMES.

Carnwath is the great centre for the peculiar accumulations of stratified sand
and gravel which are known as kames. There they present the appearance
of a " tumbled sea . . . the ground now swelling . . . into beautiful peaks
and cones, and anon curving up in sharp ridges that often wheel suddenly
round so as to enclose a lakelet of bright, clear water." 9 Somewhat similar
surface-features are to be found near Maybole. Some kame-like hillocks of
drift are probably due to recent river-denudation, as near Skelmorlie ; in
the angle between the Avon Water and the Glengavil Water ; and near

1 Trans. Geol. Soc. of Glasgoiv, vol. xi., supplement, p. 68. 2Ibid.t p. 104, fig. 42.

3 Ibid., pp. 45, 101, 102. *Ibid., p. 16, fig. 4. * Ibid., p. 118, fig. 49.

6Renwick, Trans. Geol. Soc. of Glasgow, vol. x., 1895, p. 96.

Ubid., vol. xi., supplement, p. 19. *Ibid., pp. 66, 67, figs. 29, 30, 31.

9 J. Geikie, Great Ice Age, 3rd ed., 1894, p. 181.

526 THE DRIFT OR GLACIAL FORMATION OF

Muirkirk. From a recent investigation of the Carnwath and Carstairs
kames I have come to the conclusion that they are the result of river and
ordinary denudation acting on a large delta of drift.

LOCALITIES OF MARINE FOSSILIFEROUS BOULDER-CLAYS.
These may be defined as : — (a) Beds beloio sea-level, in the hollow between
the Clyde and the Forth ; (b) Beds at or near sea-lev <el, at Drumuir, near Dreg-
horn, in sand, with remains of Elephas primigenius, under 76 feet of Boulder-
clay ; and (c) Beds above sea-level.

The following list gives the latter with their respective heights in feet:—

12. Warwickhill, near Dreghorn, Ayrshire.

30-60. Bennane Head, near Ballantrae.

40. Annick Water, near Dreghorn.

90. Cundry, near Lendalfoot.

94. Woodhill, near Kilmaurs (the Mammoth bed).

100. Currarie Glen, S. of Ballantrae ; Croftamie, near Drynien.

130. Tangy Glen, near Carnpbeltown.

140. Water of Ayr.

180. The Elver Doon, below Cassillis.

200. The Water of Ayr at Gadgirth ; Sevenacres nr. Kilwinning.

200-460. Crawfordland Burn near Kilmarnock.

230. The Water of Ayr.

240. Byne Hill Burn near Girvan.

260. The Water of Ayr, Barskimming.

260. Score Burn, Newmilns.

290-380. Lugar Water below and above Ochiltree.

300. Water of Ayr, opposite Stair House.

310. Broomhouse near Auchinleck.

320. Near Lag in Arran.

340. Barturk near Ochiltree.

350. Airdrie.

360. Near Ochiltree Sawmill, a wooded bank.

370. Coyle Water opposite Drongan Mains.

380. " Timmer Brig," Water of Ayr, near Sorn.

400-430. Burnock Water near Ochiltree.

400. Crawfordland House.

425-550. Annick Water.

428. Water of Ayr, below High Holehouse.

430-690. Polbaith Burn, N. and N.E. of Galston.

447-560. Water of Ayr at Nether Heiler.

450. Water of Ayr near High Holehouse.

450-560. Glen Water, above Darvel.

500. Lugar Water near Longhouse.

510. Chapelhall near Airdrie.

520-550. Merkland Burn, E. of Sorn.

560-580. Hareshawmuir Burn, N. of Galston.

570-600. Airds Moss ; and Water of Ayr.

580. Annick Water, at Blacklaw.

600. Westown Burn, Merkland Burn near Sorn ; Annick Water at
Blacklaw ; Glen Water at Laigh Braidlie.

620. Whitehaugh Water, between Muirkirk and Sorn.

650-670. Greenock Water, near Muirkirk.

660-680. Merkland Burn, near Sorn.

680. Glenmore Water at Dornal.

700. Changue Burn, at Score Tulloch, Galston ; Glenmore ; Merkland
Burn.

THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. 527

720-740. Hole Burn, E. of Sorn.

750. Duntoii Water, in puddle trench, N.E. of Fenwick.

780. Muirfoot Burn, New Cumnock.

800. Greenock Water ; Guelt Water.

880-900. Guelt Water, N.E. of New Cumnock.

920. Coyle Water above Rankinston.

1000 (above). Patrick Burn, near Muirkirk.

1060. Douglas Water, and 2 miles down stream.

1061. Dippel Burn, between Muirkirk and Lesmahagow, and for j mile

down stream.

Since the above was drawn up I have found remains of marine fauna in
drift on Pockmuir Burn, about 1000 feet ; on Nethan Water, over 1000 feet ;
and Powbrone Burn, over 1100 feet above sea-level.

FOSSILS IN DRIFT OR BOULDER-CLAY.

None of the localities mentioned in the preceding list have been syste-
matically " worked " for fossils, but I have got from them the following
molluscan remains. Mr. Joseph Wright, F.G.S., has recorded 42 species of
Foraminifera obtained from them, these organisms having been extremely
abundant in some of the Boulder-clays. As many as 3000 specimens were
obtained from less than 10 Ibs. weight of clay taken from high levels.

Ostracoda, 1 1 species.

Crisia eburnia, L.

Verruca stromia, Mull.

Balanus crenatus, Brug.

B. porcatus, Da Costa.
** Pecten islandicus, Mull.
** P. groenlandicus, Lane.
** Leda pernula, Mull.

L. pygmaea, Munst.

L. pygmaea, var. Gouldi.

Nucula tenuis, Mont.

Cyprina islandica, L.

Cardium sp.
** Astarte borealis, Chem.

A. sulcata, Da Costa.

A. compressa, Mont.

Tellina balthica, L.
** T. calcarea, Chem.

Montecuta elevata, Stimp.

Mactra, sp.

Venus ovata, Penn.

Saxicava rugosa, L.

Mya truncata, L.

Corbula gibbet, Olivi.

Trockus, sp.

Littorina littorea, L., worn specimens.

Turritella terebra, L.

Natica groenlandica, Beck.

N. affinis, {N. clausa\ Gmel.

Aporrhais pes-peleca?ii, L.

Buccinum (or Fusus}.

Burrows of boring Sponges.

Burrows in sand under Boulder-clay.

Borings of Gasteropods in shells.

Many Plant-remains, not identified.
NOTE. — Those species marked ** are now extinct in British seas.

THE POST-DRIFT FOSSILS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE

AREA AT LOW LEVELS.

BY JOHN SMITH, THOMAS SCOTT, F.L.S., and JAMES STEEL.

A SHORT distance below and above the present sea-level in the Clyde area
there occur a series of beds containing Arctic shells, many of which are now
extinct in the Clyde estuary and in British seas. These beds sometimes rest
on rock or Boulder-clay, but often on a very fine-grained laminated clay
which contains no organic remains except a few foraminifera.

The deposits passed through in sinking coalpits at Bogside, Lucknow, and
Misk, on the Ayrshire coast, may have belonged to the same period. In the
latter pit they reached a depth of 42 feet below sea-level. Large scratched
boulders, covered with polyzoa, etc., were found in them, along with Arctic
shells.

The Raised-Beach beds are clearly distinguished from the glacial or Post-
drift deposits above mentioned, (a) by the absence of boulders, (6) by the
absence of extinct shells of boreal habit, and (c) by the presence of remains
of the recent Clyde estuarine fauna. Only the youngest Raised-Beach (which
lies at about 10 feet above present high-tide mark) and the 40-feet one
possess distinctive features and show fairly continuous lines, but the others
occur in patches, up to a height of 120 feet above sea-level. As these beaches
principally consist of sandy deposits, the organic remains have now either
wholly disappeared from many of them or are only represented by decayed
fragments. To this there is one notable exception : this is the 40-feet Beach
at Shewalton near Irvine, which still contains quantities of shells, and these
are exposed after floods in the river.

The lower Raised-Beaches contain at least two beds of peat in situ as they
were laid down, which are covered by shelly deposits, bearing evidence to
changes of level during their deposition. At present the shores along the
Ayrshire coast are sinking.

The Post-drift, or as they were formerly known, the Post-tertiary,
deposits of the West of Scotland were first investigated largely by the late
James Smith of Jordanhill, whose numerous papers on the subject to the
Wernerian Society and other bodies were begun in 1836. After his time the
work was carried on by Dr. David Robertson and Rev. Dr. Crosskey amongst
others, which resulted in the full account of the beds and their fossil remains
published in the " Catalogue of the Western Scottish Fossils " in 1876, where
a detailed description of many of the localities will also be found.

Since that time considerable additions have been made through the
exhaustive work carried on at Garvel Park Dock, Greenock, and elsewhere
in the area, with the result that the present may be taken as a fairly
complete list of the organisms found in the low-level Post-drift beds of the
Clyde area.

THE POST-DRIFT FOSSILS. 529

The Arctic shells and the recent species are distinguished as follows :-

* Arctic shells still living in British seas.
** Arctic shells now extinct in British seas,
t Eecent mollusca of the Firth of Clyde and its sea-lochs.

(No localities are given for living species.)
(K-B.) Raised-Beach beds.

ALGAE.

Sphacelaria cirrhosa, Ro. — Gourock ; Garvel Park.

Dictyosyphon foeniculaceus, Grev. — Gourock ; Garvel Park.

Desmarestia aculeata, Leyrx. — Gourock ; Garvel Park.

Melobesia polymorpha, L. — Paisley ; Garvel Park ; Gourock ; Misk ;

(R-B., Shewalton).

Corallina officinalis, L. — Paisley ; Garvel Park (R-B., Shewalton).
C. rubens, L. — Paisley.
Dictyota dichotoma, Huds. — Garvel Park.
Peyssonuelia Dubyi, Cronan. — Garvel Park.

Musci.

Gymnostomum.- Garvel Park.

Dichodontium pellucidum, Schimp. „ „

Dicranum scoparium, Hedw.- „ „

Cynodontium virens, var. compactum, Schimp.- „ „

Distichium inclinatum, Schimp.- „ „

Trichostomum.- „ „

Barbula fragilis, Schimp.- „ „

B. tortuosa, Web. Mohr.- „ „

B. aciphylla.- „ „

Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hedw.- „ „

Webera albicana, Wahl.- „ „

Bryum pseudotricLuetrum, Hedw.- „ „

B. palens, Swartz.- „ „

Mnium subglobosum, B. & S.- „ „

M. aflBiie, Bland.— „ „

Paludella squarrosa, Brid.- „ „

Aulocomnium palustre, Schw.- „ ,,

Philonptis fontana, Brid.- „ ,,

Polytrichum juniperinum, Willd.- „ ,,

P. strictum, Banks.- „ „

Pogonatum curtipendula.- „ „

Antitrichia curtipendula, Hook <& Taylor.- „ „

Climacium dendroides, Lin.- „ „

Thuidium tamariscinum, Hedw.- „ „

T. decipens, De Not.- „ „

Brachythecium rivulare, B. <& S.- „ „

B. reflexum, Web.— „ „

B. populeum, Hedw.- „ ,,

B. salebrosum, Hoffm.— „ „

B. albicans, Neck.- „ „
Camptothecium nitens, Schreb.- „ „

C. lutescens, Huds. — „ „
Eurhynchium piliferum, Schreb.- „ „
Plagiothecum denticulatum, Linn.- „ „
Amblystegium.- „ „
Hypnum elodes, Spruce.- „ „
H. stellatum, Schreb. — „ „
H. giganteum, Schreb. — „ „

2L

5?

55 55

55 55

55 55

55 55

5) 55

55 55

55 55

530 THE POST-DRIFT FOSSILS OF

Hypnum sarmentosum, Wahl. — Gravel Park.
H. Schreberi, Willd.- „ „

H. molle, Dicks.- ,, „

H. cupressiforme, Linn.- „ „

H. callichrum, Brid.- „

H. Bambergeri, Schpr.- „

H. falcatum, Brid.- „

H. filicinum, Linn.- „

H. adunctum, Hedw. —
H. Kneiffii, B. & S.-
H. fluitans, Linn.-
H. revolvens, Swartz.—
Hylocomium splendens, DHL-
'S., brevirostrum, Ehrh-
H. squarrosum, Linn.-
H. triquetrum, Linn.- „ „

FLOWERING PLANTS.

Potentilla tormentilla, Sib.— Greenock.

Taraxacum officinale, Mig.- ,,

Thymus serpyllum, Linn.- „

Rumex, sp.- „

Atriplex patula, Linn.- „

Potamogeton, sp.- „

Carex dioica ? Linn.- „
Anthoxanthum odoratum, Linn.— „

Poa trivialis, Linn.- „

FORAMINIFERA.

Cornuspira foliacea, Phill. — Garvel Park ; Garnock Water ; E. Tarbert ;

Misk ; Lochgilp ; Tangy Glen.
C. involvens, Reuss. — Garvel Park.
Trochamina inflata, Mont. — (R-B., Shewalton).
T. macrescens, Brady. — Garvel Park.
T. squamata, P. and J. — Garvel Park.
Vertebralina striata. Garvel Park.
Biloculina ringens, Lam. — Garvel Park ; Jordanhill ; Old Mains ; Paisley ;

Kilchattan ; Dipple ; Misk ; Lochgilp ; Tangy Glen ; (R-B., Cumbrae).
B. affinis, d'Orb. — Misk.
B. depressa, d'Orb. — Jordanhill ; Garnock Water ; Kyles of Bute ; (R-B.,

Cumbrae).

B. simplex, d'Orb. — Garvel Park.

B. elongata, d'Orb. — Jordanhill ; Dalmuir ; Tangy Glen ; Misk.
B. carinata, d'Orb. — Misk.

Miliolina trigonula, Lam. — Garnock Water ; (R-B., Cumbrae).
M. oblonga, Mont. — Garvel Park ; Garnock Water ; Kyles of Bute ;

Lochgilp.

M. tricarinata, d'Orb. — Misk ; Garvel Park.
M. Brongniarti, d'Orb. — Garnock Water ; Misk.
M. Auberiana, d'Orb. — (R-B., Shewalton}.
M. contorta, d'Orb. — (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs).
M. pulcnella (R-B., Largs).

M. seminulum, L. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Cumbrae).
M. secans, d'Orb. — Misk ; Garvel Park ; (R-B., Cumbrae).
M. G-aulteriana, d'Orb. — Paisley Canal.

M. subrotunda, Mont.— Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Cumbrae).
M. bicornis, W. and J. — Garnock Water ; (R-B., Curnbrae).

THE CLYDE DRAINAC4E AREA AT LOW LEVELS 531

Miliolina agglutinans, d'Orb. — Paisley ; Garvel Park ; Kylesof Bute ; Misk.

M. Femssacii, d'Orb.— Misk.

Spiroloculina planulata, Lam. — Dalmuir ; (R-B., Cumbrae).

S. excavata, d'Orb. — Garvel Park.

S. limbata, d'Orb.— (R-B., Shewalton).

Haueriana compressa, d'Orb. — Garvel Park.

Lituola scorpiurus, Montf. — Paisley ; Kilchattan.

Haplophragmium canariensis, d'Orb.— Misk.

Lagena sulcata, W. and J. — Garvel Park ; Garnock Water ; Kyles of Bute ;
Misk ; E. Tarbert ; Lochgilp ; Tangy Glen.

L. laevis, Mont. — Paisley ; Garvel Park ; Cunibrae Coll. ; Kyles of Bute ;
Misk ; Kilchattan ; Tangy Glen.

L. gracillima, Seq. — Garvel Park ; Tangy Glen.

L. costata, Will. — Garvel Park.

L. globosa, Mont. — Jordauhill ; Dalmuir ; Paisley : Garvel Park ; Kil-
chattan ; Misk ; Cumbrae Coll. ; Kyles of Bute ; E. Tarbert ; Tangy
Glen.

L. Haidingeri, Czj.— Garvel Park.

L. hexagona, Will. — Garvel Park ; (R-B., Largs).

L. melo, d'Orb.— Garvel Park.

L. laevigata, Reuss. — Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shewalton).

L. Williamson.!, Alcock. — (R-B., Shewalton).

L. clavula, d'Orb. — (R-B., Shewalton).

L. striata, d'Orb. — Paisley ; Garvel Park ; Kyles of Bute ; Kilchattan ;
Misk ; Lochgilp.

L. semistriata, Will. — Kyles of Bute ; Garvel Park ; Lochgilp ; Misk.

L. apiculata, Reuss.- -Kyles of Bute ; Misk ; Garvel Park.

L. distoma, P. and J. — Paisley ; Garvel Park ; Kyles of Bute ; Kilchattan ;
Lochgilp ; Misk.

L. caudata, d'Orb. — Garnock Water ; Garvel Park ; Misk.

L. marginata, Mont. — Paisley ; Garvel Park ; Garnock Water ; Cumbrae
Coll : Kilchattan ; Tangy Glen ; Misk.

L. ornata, Will. — Lochgilp ; Garvel Park.

L. squamosa, Mont. — Misk ; Dipple ; Kyles of Bute ; Garvel Park ; Loch-
gilp ; Taugy Glen ; (R-B., Shewalton).

L. hispida, Reuss. — E. Tarbert ; Tangy Glen.

Glandulina laevigata, d'Orb. — Garvel Park.

Nodosaria raphanistrum, L. — Garvel Park.

N. scalaris, Lamk. — Garvel Park.

Dentalina consobrina, d'Orb.— Misk ; Garvel Park.

D. communis, d'Orb. — Garvel Park ; Cumbrae ; Kyles of Bute ; Kilchattan.

D. pauperata, d'Orb.— Garvel Park.

Astrorhiza cornuta, Brady. — Garvel Park.

Cristellaria rotulata, Lam.— Misk; Garvel Park; Kyles of Bute; Kil-
chattan ; (R. B., Shewalton).

C. crispidula, F. and M. — Garvel Park.

Sorosphaera confusa, Brady. — Garvel Park.

Polymorphina lactea, W. and J. — Dalmuir ; Garvel Park ; Garnock Water ;
Kyles of Bute ; Kilchattan; Lochgilp; Tangy Glen; (R-B., Shewalton).

P. lactea, var. communis, d'Orb. — Cumbrae.

P. compressa, d'Orb.— Dalmuir ; Paisley ; Garvel Park ; E. Tarbert ;
Tangy ; Misk.

P. compressa, var. tubulosa, d'Orb.— (R-B., Cumbrae).

P. oblonga, Brown.— Garnock Water ; Kyles of Bute ; E. Tarbert ; Misk ;
Garvel Park.

P. gibba, dOrb.— Misk ; Kyles of Bute ; E. Tarbert ; Garvel Park ; (R-B.,
Shewalton ; Cumbrae).

532 THE POST-DRIFT FOSSILS OF

Polymorphina acuminata, Will.— Garvel Park.

P. lanceolata.— (R-B., Shewalton).

Repphax fusiformis, Will. — Garvel Park ; Greenock.

Spirilina vivipara, Ekr. — Garvel Park.

Uvigerina pygmaea, d'Orb. — Kilchattan ; Tangy Glen ; Garvel Park.

Orbulina universa, d'Orb. — Jordanhill ; Garnock Water ; Garvel Park.

Globigerina bulloides, d'Orb. — Garvel Park ; Jordanhill ; Garnock Water ;

Tangy Glen ; Misk.
Textularia sagittula, Defr. — Misk ; Jordanhill ; Dalnmir ; (R-B.,

Cumbrae).

T. variabilis, Will.— Misk.

Verneuilina polystropha, Reuss. — Garvel Park ; Kilchattan ; Misk.
Pulyinulina canariensis, d'Orb. — Garvel Park.
Bulimina pupoides, d'Orb. — Kilchattan ; Misk ; (R-B., Largs).
B. marginata, d'Orb. — Misk ; Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shewalton).
B. elegantissima, d'Orb. — Garvel Park.
B. elegans, d'Orb. — (R-B., Shewalton).
B. ovata, d'Orb.— Misk ; Garvel Park.
Bolivina punctata, d'Orb.— Garnock Water ; Misk ; Garvel Park.

B. costata, d'Orb. — Garvel Park.

Cassidulina laevigata, d'Orb.— Kilchattan ; Lochgilp ; Tangy Glen.

C. crassa, d'Orb. — Cumbrae Coll : Lochgilp ; Garvel Park.
Virgulina squamosa, d'Orb. — Misk.

V. Schreibersiana, CzizaTc. — (R. B., Largs).

Discorbina rosacea, d'Orb.— Paisley ; Garnock Water ; Lochgilp ; (R-B.,
Shewalton).

D. globularis, d'Orb. — Misk ; Dipple ; Tangy Glen ; Garvel Park ; (R-B.,

Shewalton).

D. Wrighti, Brady. — Garvel Park.
Planorbulina mediterranensis, d'Orb. — Misk ; Garnock Water ; Garvel

Park ; (R-B., Shewalton).
Truncatulina lobatula, Walker. — Dalmuir; Paisley; Garvel Park; Lochgilp;

Misk ; Kilchattan ; Garnock Water : Tangy Glen ; (R-B., Shewalton.)
Rotalia Beccari, L. — Paisley ; Misk ; Garvel Park ; Garnock Water ; Kyles

of Bute ; Kilchattan ; Tangy Glen ; (R-B., Shewalton).
R. nitida, Will.— Garvel Park.
R. orbicularis, d'Orb. — Lochgilp.
Gypsina inhaerans, Shultze. — (R-B., Shewalton).
Patellina corrugata, Will. — Paisley ; Garvel Park.

Polystomella crispa, L. — Frequent in the glacial and Raised-Beach beds.
P. Striato-punctata, F. & M. — Frequent in the glacial and Raised-Beach beds.
P. arctica, J. & P.— Kyles of Bute.
Nonionina asterizans, F. & M.— Tangy Glen ; Garvel Park ; Garnock Water ;

Cumbrae Coll : Kyles of Bute ; Misk.

N. turgida, Will. — Kyles of Bute ; Kilchattan ; Lochgilp ; Garvel Park.
N. depressula, W. & J. — Frequent in the glacial and Raised-Beach beds.
N. scapha, L.— Garvel Park.
N. stelligera, d'Orb. — Garvel Park.

PORIFERA.

Oliona celata, Grant. — Misk ; Gourock ; Garvel Park ; Lochgilp ; Old

Mains ; Paisley ; (R-B., Cumbrae).
C. gorgonoides (R-B., Shewalton).
Spongia, spicules (R-B., Largs).

COELENTERATA.

Tubularia larnyx, Ellis & Sol.— Garvel Park.
Sphenotrochus Wrighti, Gosse.— Old Mains.

THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA AT LOW LEVELS. 533

Eudendrium ramosum. Ehr. — Arklieston.
Paracyathus taxilianus ; (R-B., Largs).
Sertularia pumila, Doody. — Garvel Park.
S. filicula, Huds. — Garvel Park.

ECHINODERMATA.

Ophiopholis aculeata, L. — Dalmuir ; Paisley ; Garvel Park.
Ophlura albida, Forbes. — Duntroon ; Garvel Park ; Kilchattan.
Strongylocentrotus drpbachlensis, Mutt.— Frequent in the glacial beds.
Echinus esculentus, Lin. — Lochgilp ; Garvel Park ; Kilchattan ; Gourock ;

(R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
Echinocyamus pusillus, Null. — (R-B., Largs).
Echinocardium cordatum, Forbes. — (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs)
Psolus phantapus, L. — Houston ; Bute ; Garvel Park.

YERMES.

Sipunculus Bernhardus, ? Forbes. — Dalmuir.

Filograna implexa, Berk. — Garvel Park.

Serpula triquetra, Mart. — Dalmuir ; Garvel Park ; Stevenston ; Lochgilp.

S. Alderi, Robertson. — Garvel Park.

S. vermicularis, Ellis. — Troon; Dalmuir; Lochgilp; Garvel Park; Gourock;

Misk ; Kilchattan; Jordanhill : Garnock Water ; (R-B., Cumbrae).
Spirorbis carinatus, Mem.- — Paisley.

S. communis, Flem. — Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
S. nautiloides, Lam. — Dalmuir ; Stevenston.
S. corrugatus, Mont. — Bute.
S. spirillum, L. — E. Tarbert : Duntroon ; Paisley ; Garvel Park ; Arran ;

Gourock ; Jordanhill ; Misk.
S. Wattianus, Scott. — Garvel Park.

CRUSTACEA.

Cyclocypris globosa, G. 0. S. — (R-B., Shewalton).

Potamocypris fulva, Brady. — Garvel Park ; Dalmuir ; (R-B., Shewalton).

Argilloecia cylindrica, G. 0. S. — Garvel Park ; Paisley ; Garnock Water ;

Misk ; Kilchattan.
Pontocypris mytiloides, Nor. — Garvel Park; Paisley; (R-B., Shewalton;

Cumbrae).

P. trigonella, G. 0. S. — Garvel Park ; Paisley ; Lochgilp.
Aglaia complanata, Baird. — (R-B., Largs).
Bairdia inflata, Nor. — (R-B., Largs).

Cythere confusa, Baird. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shewalton).
C. pellucida, Baird. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
C. porcellanea, Brady. — Dalmuir ; Garvel Park ; Garnock Water ; Misk ;

Cumbrae Coll : Lochgilp ; Kilchattan.

C. Macallana, B. & R. — Cumbrae Coll : Kilchattan ; (R-B., Shewalton).
C. tenera, Brady. — Garnock Water ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
C. deflexa, B. C. & R.— Jordanhill.

C. crispata, Brady. — Paisley (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs).
C. lutea, Miill. — Frequent in the glacial and Raised-Beach beds.
C. albo-maculata, Baird. — Cumbrae Coll. ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs ;

Cumbrae).
C. convexa, Baird. — Paisley; Cumbrae Coll.; Lochgilp; (R-B., Shewalton ;

Cumbrae).

C. clutha, B. C. & ^.—Garvel Park ; Kilchattan.
C. finmarchica, G. 0. S. — Lochgilp.
C. limicola, Nor.— Garvel Park ; Cumbrae Coll. : Kyles of Bute ; Tangy

Glen ; Misk ; Kilchattan.

534 THE POST-DRIFT FOSSILS OF

Cythere globulifera, Brady. — Jordanhill ; Paisley ; Tangy Glen.

C. cuneiformis, Brady. — (R-B., Shewalton.)

C. pulchella, Brady. — Jordanhill ; Garnock Water ; Cumbrae Coll. : Kil-

chattan ; Lochgilp; (R-B., Shewalton) ; Cumbrae ; Largs.
C. confusa, B. and N. — Garvel Park (R-B., Shewalton).
C. badia, Nor. — (R-B., Shewalton).
C. emaciata, Brady. — (R-B., Shewalton).
C. Jonesi, Baird. — (R-B., Shewalton).

C. villosa, G. 0. >S". — Frequent in the glacial and Raised-Beach beds.
C. concinna, Jones. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
C. quadridentata, Baird. — Lochgilp.

C. angulata, G. 0. S. — Frequent in the glacial (and R-B.) beds.
C. tuberculata, G. 0. S. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
C. emarginata, G. 0. S. — Lag ; Garvel Park ; E. Tarbert ; Misk (R-B.,

Shewalton).

C. COStata, Brady. — Paisley.
C. mirabilis, Brady. — Lochgilp ?
C. Dunelmensis, Nor. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
C. Robertson!, Brady. — Lochgilp.
C. gibbpsa, B. & R. — Garnock Water.

Cytheridea papillosa, Bosq. — Frequent in the glacial beds; (R-B., Cumbrae).
C. elongata, Brady. — (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs).
C. punctillata, Brady. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
C. Sorbyana, Jones. --Tangy Glen ; Garvel Park ; Misk.
Eucythere declivis, Nor. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shewalton).
Krithe Bartonensis, Jones. — Duntroon.
K. glacialis, B. C. and R. — Garvel Park.
Loxoconcha impressa, Baird. — Misk ; Garvel Park ; Jordanhill ; (R-B.,

Shewalton ; Cumbrae).

L. tamarindus, Jones. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
L. fragilis, G. 0. S. — Paisley ; Garvel Park.
L. viridis, Miill. — Govan ; (R-B., Shewalton).
Xestoleberis depressa, G. 0. S. — Jordanhill ; Paisley ; Lochgilp (R-B.,

Shewalton).

X. aurantia, Baird. — Lochgilp ; Garvel Park (R-B., Cumbrae).
Cytherura nigrescens, Baird. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shew-
alton ; Cumbrae).
C. similis, G. 0. S. — Dalmuir : Garvel Park ; Cumbrae Coll. : Kyles of

Bute, Kilchattan ; E. Tarbert ; (R. B., Shewalton).
C. pumila, B. C. and R. — Dalmuir ; Garvel Park ; Cumbrae Coll.
C. concentrica, B. C. and R. — Paisley.

C. undata, O. 0. S. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Largs ; Shewalton).
C. Striata, G. 0. S. — Garvel Park ; Garnock Water ; Cumbrae Coll. : Kyles

of Bute ; Misk ; Kilchattan ; (R-B., Shewalton).

C. gibba, Mull. — Lochgilp ; Jordanhill ; Kilchattan ; (R-B., Shewalton).
C. cellulosa, Nor. — Jordanhill ; (R-B,, Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
C. clathrata, G. 0. S. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
C. sella, G. 0. S.— Garvel Park ; Kyles of Bute ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs ;

Cumbrae).

C. acuticostata, G. 0. S. — (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae ; Largs).
C. producta, Brady. — (R-B., Largs).

C. angulata, Brady. — Misk ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae ; Largs).
C. fulva, B. and R.— (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs).
C. cprnuta, Brady. — Garnock Water ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs).
C. simplex, Baird. — (R-B., Largs).
Cytheropteron latissimum, Nor. — Jordanhill ; Dalmuir ; Old Mains ;

Paisley ; E. Tarbert ; Tangy Glen.

THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA AT LOW LEVELS. 535

Cytheropteron arcuatum, B. C. and R. — Tangy Glen Garvel Park.

C. nodosum, Brady. — Jordanhill ; Dalmuir ; Garvel Park ; Cumbrae Coll. ;

(R-B., Stewalton).

C. Montrosiense, B. C. and R. — Tangy Glen ; Misk.
C. angulatum, B. and R. — Dalmuir ; Garvel Park ; Cumbrae Coll. ; Kyles

of Bute ; (R-B., Largs).
C. inflatum, Brady. — Garvel Park.
Cytherois Fischeri, G. 0. S. — (R-B., Shewalton).
Bythocythere simplex, Nor. — Jordanhill ; Dalmuir ; Paisley ; Garvel Park ;

Misk.

B. constricta, G. 0. S. — Tangy Glen ; Misk.
B. elongata, B. C. and R. — Govan.

Pseudocythere caudata, G. 0 .S. — Dalmuir ; E. Tarbert.
Sclerochilus contortus, Nor. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
Paradoxostoma variable, Baird.- — Frequent in the glacial beds.
P. abbreviatum, G. 0. S. — Lochgilp.
P. ensiforme, Brady. — Garnock Water ; Kyles of Bute (R-B., Shewalton ;

Cumbrae).

P. Fischeri, G. 0. S. — Garvel Park ; Garnock Water.
P. flexuosum, Brady. — Lochgilp ; Misk ; (R-B., Shewalton).
P. tenerum, B. C. and R. — Dalmuir ; Garvel Park.
P. obliquum, G. 0. S.— (R-B., Shewalton).
Asterope teres, Nor.— Jordanhill.
Polycope orbicularis, G. 0. S. — Dalmuir ; Old Mains ; Paisley ; Garvel

Park ; Misk.

Bosquetia robusta, B. C. and R. — Paisley.
Hyas araneus, Fabr. — Garvel Park ; (R-B., Cumbrae).
Cancer pagurus. — Garvel Park.
Eupagurus sp. — Garvel Park.
G-alathea sp. — Garvel Park.
Balanus balanoides, L. — Paisley ; Garvel Park ; Windmillcroft ; Dalmuir ;

Jordanhill ; Misk ; (R-B., Cumbrae).

B. crenatus, Brug. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Cumbrae).
B. Hameri, Ascanius, Lochgilp ; Old Mains ; Garvel Park.
B. porcatus, Da Costa. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Cumbrae).
B. porcatus, var elongata?— Garvel Park.

B. cariosus, Darwin. — Kyles of Bute.

Verruca Stromia, Mull. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shewalton).

POLYZOA.

Menipea ternata, Ellis and Sol. — Garvel Park ; Misk.
Cellularia Peachi, Busk. — Garvel Park.

C. reptans, L. — Duntroon ; Paisley ; Misk.
Scrupocellaria scruposa, L.— Garvel Park.
S. reptans, L. — Garvel Park.

S. scabra, var. elongata, Smith. — Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shewalton).

Hippothoa catenularia, Jam. — Dalmuir ; Duntroon.

Caberea Ellisi, Flem. — Garvel Park.

Bugula avicularia, Pallas — Duntroon.

Membranipora Flemingi, Busk.— Garvel Park ; Lochgilp.

M. lineata, L. — Garvel Park.

M. tuberculata, Busk. — Garvel Park.

M. unicornis, Blain. — Garvel Park ; Paisley ; Dalmuir ; Duntroon.

M. craticula, Alder. — Paisley ; Misk.

Lepralia Peachi, Johnston. — Garvel Park ; Cumbrae Coll. ; Misk.

L. concinna, Busk. — Garvel Park ; Lochgilp.

L. annulata, Fabr. — Garvel Park.

536 THE POST-DRIFT FOSSILS OF

Lepralia hyalina, L. — Garvel Park.

L. verrucosa, Esper. — Dalmuir ; Duntroon ; Garvel Park.

L. crystallina, Nor. — Garvel Park.

L. spinifera, Johnston. — Dalmuir.

L. cruenta, Nor. — Garvel Park.

Porina tubulosa, Nor. — Garvel Park ; Misk.

Schizoporella sinuosa, Busk. — Garvel Park.

Eschara patens, Smitt. — Garvel Park.

E. struma, Nor. — Garvel Park.

Smittia Landsborovi, Johns. — Garvel Park.

Escharoid.es Sarsi, Smitt. — Garvel Park.

Crisia eburnea, L.— Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shewalton).

Idmonea atlantica, Forbes. — Garvel Park.

Tubulipora flabellaris, Fabr. — Dalmuir.

T. phalangea, Conch. — Dalmuir ; Duntroon ; Garvel Parjk.

T. serpens, L. — Dalmuir ; Garvel Park.

Diastopora obelia, Flem. — Garvel Park.

Discoporella hispida, Flem. — Paisley.

D. grignoniensis, Busk. — Dalmuir ; Duntroon ; Misk.

D. flosculus, Hincks. — Garvel Park.

D. radiata, Busk. — Garvel Park.

MOLLUSCA.

Rhynchonella psittacea, Chem. — Ayrshire.

t Terebratula caput-serpentis, L. — Ayrshire.

t Crania anomala, Mull.

t Anomia ephippium, L. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shewalton).

A. ephippium, var. aculeata, L. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B.,

Shewalton).

A. ephippium, var. squamula, L. — Garvel Park ; Paisley ; Lochgilp.
A. patelliformis, L. — Stevenston.
t Ostrea edulis, L. — (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).

* * Pecten islandicus, Milll. — Common in the glacial beds.
**P. groenlandicus, Lam. — (R-B., Shewalton).

t P. maximus, L. — Garvel Park ; Troon ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).

t P. striatus, Milll.

t P. opercularis, L. — Lucknow ; Kyles of Bute ; Arran ; (R-B., Shewalton ;

Largs ; Cumbrae).
t P. pusio, L. — Dalmuir.

t P. septemradiatus, Milll. — Loch Lomond ; R-B., Shewalton).
t P. varius, L. — Dalmuir.
t P. similis, Lask. — Tarbert.
t P. tigrinus, Mull. — Loch Lomond.
t P. striatus, Mull.

t Lima hians, Gmel. — (R-B., Cumbrae ; Largs).
t L. elliptica, Jeff.
t L. subauriculata, Mont.
t L. Loscombi, G.B. Sow.

* t Mytilis edulis, L. — Frequent in the glacial and Raised-Beach beds.

* t M. modiolus, L. — Frequent in the glacial and Raised-Beach beds.
t M. phaseolinus, Phill.

t Modiolaria discors, L. — Paisley.

M. laevigata, Gray. — Dalmuir ; Garvel Park.

M. nigra, Gray.- -Garvel Park ; Kyles of Bute.

t M. marmorata, Forbes.

t Crenella decussata, Mont.

Dacrydium vitreum, For. — Garvel Park.

THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA AT LOW LEVELS. 537

t Nucula nitida, G.B. Sow. — Paisley ; Garvel Park ; (R-B., Largs).

t N. tenuis Mont. — Frequent in the glacial beds.

N. tenuis, var. expansa, Reeve. — Cumbrae College.

N. tenuis, var. inflata, Morch. — Paisley ; Garvel Park.

N. nucleus, L. — Paisley ; Lochgilp.

N. nucleus, var. tumidula, Malm. — Paisley.

N. nucleus, var. radiata, F. and H. — Garvel Park.

* * Leda pernula, Mull. — Common in the glacial beds.

L. pernula, var. mucilenta, Steen-st. — Troon ; Garvel Park ; Paisley ; Kil-
chattan ; Gourock.

* L. pygmaea, Miinst. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
L. pygmaea, var. gibbosa, Smith. — Cumbrae College.

L. pygmaea, var. lenticulata, Mull. — Garvel Park ; Paisley ; Kilchattan.

* * L. arctica, Gray. — Lucknow ; Troon ; Garvel Park.
L. limata, Say. — Garvel Park.

* t L. minuta, Miill. — Bute.

+ L. frigida, Torell. — Garvel Park.

* Pectunculus glycymeris, L. — (R-B., Shewalton).

t Lepton nitidum, Turt. — Garvel Park ; Lochgilp ; (R-B., Shewalton ;

Largs).
t Montacuta bidentata, Mont. — Garvel Park ; Gourock ; Dalmuir ; (R-B.,

Shewalton).

t M. elevata, Stimp. — Lochgilp ; Tangy Glen.
tM. ferruginosa, Mont. — Kilchattan ; (R-B., Shewalton).
t M. substriata, Mont.
t Lucina borealis, L. — Troon; Garvel Park; (R-B., Shewalton; Largs;

Cumbrae).

L. spinifera, Mont. — (R-B., Shewalton).
t Axinus flexuosus, Mont. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Largs ;

Shewalton).
A. flexuosus, var. Gouldii, Phill. — Paisley ; Lochgilp ; Garvel Park ; Kyles

of Bute ; Kilchattan.
t A. ferruginosa, Forbes.

tCyamium minutum, Fabr. — Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs).
tCardium norvegicum, Speng. — Stevenston ; Garvel Park ; Lucknow ;

Cumbrae College ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).

C. fasciatum, Mont. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shewalton).
tC. exiguum, Gmelin. — Dalmuir; Garvel Park ; Bute ; (R-B., Shewalton).
tC. nodosum, Turt. — (R-B., Shewalton).

*tO. edule, L. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shewalton).
tC. echinatum, L. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
tC. aculeatum, L. — Stevenston.
t C. minimum, Phill.
tlspcardia cor, L.

Axinopsis orbiculata, G. 0. S. — Garvel Park.

*tCyprina islandica, L. — Common in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shewalton).
*t Astarte sulcata, Da Costa. — Garvel Park ; Old Mains ; Paisley ; Loch

gilp ; Kyles of Bute ; Troon.
A. triangularis, Mont. — Garvel Park.
*t A. elliptica, Brown. — Garvel Park ; Dalmuir ; Lochgilp ; Croftamie

Troon ; Misk.

*tA. compressa, Mont. — Common in the glacial beds.
A. compressa, var. globosa, Mull. — Garvel Park ; Paisley.
A. compressa, var. striata, Mull. — Paisley ; Garvel Park.
**A. borealis, Chem. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
A. crebricostata, Forbes. — Dalmuir ; Bute ; Garvel Park.
tCirce minima, Mont. — (R-B., Largs).

538 THE POST-DRIFT FOSSILS OF

t Venus ovata, Penn. — Tangy Glen; (R-B., Cumbrae).

tV. exoleta, L. — Lucknow ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs ; Cumbrae).

tV. casina, L. — Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs).

tV. fasciata, Da Costa. — Lucknow ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs ; Cumbrae).

tV. gallina, L. — (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae ; Largs).

tV. lincta, Pult. — Dalmuir ; (R->B., Shewalton).

tV. verrucosa, L.

t Tapes virgineus, L. — Garnock Water ; Kyles of Bute ; (R-B., Shewalton;

Largs).

tT. pullastra, Mont. — (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
tT. decussatus, L. — (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
tT. aureus, Gmel. — (R-B., Cumbrae).
tLucinopsis undata, Penn. — Garvel Park.
**Tellina calcarea, Chemn. — Common in the glacial beds.
*tT. balthica, L. — Garvel Park; Dalinuir ; Old Mains; Paisley; Girvan ;

(R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
tT. donacina, L. — (R-B., Shewalton).
tT. crassa, Gmel. — (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
tT. fabula, Grb'n. — Garvel Park ; Lochgilp ; (R-B., Shewalton).
T. squalida, Pult. — Dalmuir ; Kyles of Bute; (R-B., Shewalton).
T. groenlandica, Beck. — Bute.

tT. tenuis, Da Costa. — Kyles of Bute ; (R-B., Shewalton).
tPsammobiatellinella, Lam. — (R-B., Shewalton).
tP. costulata, Turt.

tP. ferroensis, Chemn. — Garvel Park ; Kyles of Bute.
tP. vespertina, Chemn. — (R-B., Shewalton).
tDonax vittatus, Da Costa. — Ayr ; (R-B., Shewalton).
Mactra solida, L. — Garvel Park ; Kyles of Bute ; Stevenston.
tM. solida, var. elliptica, Brown. — Duntroon.
tM. subtruncata, Da Costa. — Cumbrae College ; Kilchattan ; Troon ; (R-B.,

Shewalton ; Cumbrae).

M. subtruncata, var. striata, Brown. — Dalmuir ; (R-B., Shewalton).
tM. stultorum, L. — (R-B., Shewalton).

tLutraria elliptica, Lam. — Kyles of Bute ; Lucknow ; (R-B., Shewalton).
tScrobicularia alba, Wood. — Dalmuir ; Loci.gilp ; Garvel Park ; Gourock ;

Garnock "Water.

tS. prismatica, Mont. — Lochgilp ; Kilchattan ; Troon ; Misk ; Garvel Park
tS. piperata, Bellon. — (R-B., Shewalton).

tSolen ensis, L. — Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
tS. siliqua, L. — (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae ; Largs).
tS. pellucidus, Penn.
tLyonsia arenosa, Moll. — Garvel Park.
tL. norvegica, Chemn.
tThracia myopsis, Beck. — Greenock.
tT. distorta, Mont.
tT. papyracea, Poll. — Garvel Park ; Kyles of Bute ; Lochgilp ; (R-B.,

Shewalton).

T. truncata, Brown. — Garvel Park,
t T. praetenuis, Pult.— Garvel Park,
t T. pubescens, Pult.
tT. convexa, Wood.

t T. septentrionalis, Jeff. — Garvel Park.

tCorbula gibba, Olim. — Garvel Park ; E. Tarbert ; Tangy Glen.
Neaera subtorta, G. 0. S. — Garvel Park,
t N. abbreviata, Fort.
t N. costellata, Desk.
tN. cuspidata, Olim.

THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA AT LOW LEVELS. 539

*tMya tnincata, L.— Common in the glacial beds.

* * M. tmncata, var. uddevallensis — Dalmuir ; Lochgilp ; Kyles of Bute.
t M. arenaria, L. — Garvel Park ; Lochgilp ; Bute.

Saxicava (Panopoea) norvegica, Speng. — Kyles of Bute ; Fairlie ; Lang-
bank ; Garvel Park ; Gourock.

* t S. mgosa, L. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shewalton).

S. mgosa, var. arctica, L. — Jordanhill ; Garvel Park ; Kyles of Bute ;

Dalmuir ; Lochgilp ; E. Tarbert.
S. rugosa, var. praecisa, Mont. — Lochgilp.

S. rugosa, var. sulcata, Smith. — Paisley ; Rothesay ; Kyles of Bute.
S. pholades, Jeff. — Garvel Park.
t Panopoea plicata, M. de la Groge.
t Pholas crispata, L. — Cumbrae ; Garvel Park ; Kilchattan ; Stevenston ;

(R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
P. dactylus, L.— Stevenston ; (R-B., Shewalton).
t P. Candida, L. — (R-B., Shewalton).
t Xylophaga dorsalis, Tur. — (R-B., Shewalton).
t Teredo norvegica, Speng. — (R-B., Shewalton).
+ T. megotara, Han.

* + Dentalium entalis, L.

GASTEROPODA.

t Chiton marmoreus, Fabr. — Garvel Park ; Dalmuir ; Old Mains ; Lochgilp ;
Misk ; Garnock Water.

t C. ruber, L. — Garvel Park ; Dalmuir ; Lochgilp.

t C. cinereus, //. — Garvel Park ; Lochgilp.

t C. fasicularis, L.

t C. marginatus, Penn.

t C. laevis, Fab.

t Patella vulgata, L. — Lucknow ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).

t Helcion pellucidum, L. — Garnock Water ; Garvel Park ; Lochgilp ; Dal-
muir ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).

t H. pellucidum, var. laevis, Penn. — Dalmuir.

t Tectura virginea, Mull.— Garvel Park ; Dalmuir ; Old Mains ; Paisley ;
Garnock Water; Kyles of Bute; Kilchattan; Lochgilp; Gourock;
Misk.

t T. testudinalis, Hull.

t T. fulva, Mull.

t Puncturella Noachina, L.— Frequent in the glacial beds.

t Propilidium ancyloides, F. & H.

t Fissurella^graeca, L. — Clyde beds.

+ Emarginula fissura, L. — (R-B., Cumbrae).

E. crassa, J. Sow.

t Capulus hungaricus. L.

Cyclostrema costulata, Moll. — Paisley.

t Trochus helicinus, Fabr.— Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shewalton).

t T. groenlandicus, Chemn. — Frequent in the glacial beds.

T. lineatus, Da Costa. — (R-B., Cumbrae). [Shell-mound, Ardrossan.]

t T. tumidus, Mont. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shewalton ;
Largs).

T. Vahlii, Moll— Paisley ; Garvel Park.

T. cinereus, Couth. — Clyde Beds :— glacial.

t T. cinerarius, L. — Lochgilp ; Garvel Park ; Kilchattan ; Garnock Water ;
Lucknow ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae ; Largs).

t T. millegranus, Phill.— Clyde Beds.

t T. magus, L.— Clyde Beds ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae ; Largs).

t T. umbilicatus, Brod. & Sow.— Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shewalton).

540 THE POST-DRIFT FOSSILS OF

Trochus nit ens, Phill.

tT. Montacuta, W. Wood.

t T. zizyphinus, L.

Molleria costulata, Moll. — Misk ; Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shewalton).

Margarita cinerea, Couth. — Bute ; Rothesay.

M. olivacea, Brown.— Clyde Beds.

t Lacuna divaricata, Fabr. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Shewal-
ton ; Cumbrae ; Largs).

L. divaricata, var. quadrifasciata, Moulf. — Dalmuir.

L. puteolus, Turt. — Dalmuir : Paisley ; Garvel Park ; Cumbrae Coll. ; (R-B.,
Shewalton).

L. pallidula, Da Costa. — Lochgilp ; Dalmuir ; (R-B., Cumbrae).
var. neritoidea, Gould. — Dalmuir.

t Littorina littorea, L. — Common in the glacial and Raised-Beach beds.

t L. rudis, Maton. — Common in the glacial (and R-B.) beds.

t L. rudis, var. saxatilis, John. — Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shewalton).

t L. rudis, var. patula, Jeff. — Dalmuir ; Bute ; Troon.

t L. obtusata, L. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B., Cumbrae).

L. obtusata, var. neritiformis, Brown. — E. Tarbert.

L. limata, Loven. — Jordanhill ; Garvel Park ; Dalmuir ; E. Tarbert ; Misk ;
Paisley ; Lochgilp.

L. squalida, Brod. and Sow. — Paisley.

t L. neritoides, L.—

t Rissoa violacea, Desw. — Lochgilp ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).

R. violacea, var. ecostata, Jeff. — (R-B., Shewalton).

t R. striata, A dams.— Frequent in the glacial (and R-B.) beds.

R. striata, var. arctica, Loven. — Garvel Park ; Paisley.

R. lactea, Mich. — (R-B., Shewalton).

t R. parva, Da Costa. — Garvel Park ; Duntroon ; Paisley ; (R-B., Shewalton ;
Cumbrae).

R. parva, var. interrupta, Adams. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (R-B.,
Shewalton).

t R. abyssicola, Forbes. — (R-B., Shewalton).

t R. soluta, Phill. — Paisley ; (R-B., Shewalton).

R. inconspicua, Alder. — Jordanhill ; (R-B., Shewalton).

R. inconspicua, var. ventrosa, Mont. — Dalmuir.

t R. cingillus, Mont. — Dalmuir ; (R-B., Largs).

tR. membranacea, Adams.- — Bute ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs).

R. membranacea, var. minor, Jeff. — (R-B., Shewalton).

**R. arenaria, M. and A. — Garvel Park.

t R. reticulata, Mont. — Lochgilp ; Paisley ; Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shew-
alton : Cumbrae).

t R. cancellata, Da Costa. — Lochgilp.

t R. striatula, Mont. — Lochgilp ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs).

R. costata, Adams. — Garvel Park ; Largs ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Curnbrae).

tR. punctura, Mont. — (R-B., Shewalton).

t R. calathus, F. and H.

t R. vitrea, Mont. — (R-B., Largs).

tR. fulgida, Adams.—

t R. zetlandica, Mont.-

tBarleeia rubra, Mont.

Menestho albula, Fabr.— Paisley.

t Hydrobia ulvae, Penn. — Dalmuir ; Garvel Park ; Paisley ; (R-B., Shew-
alton ; Cumbrae).
t Jeffreysia opalina, Jeff.
t J. diaphana, Jeff.
t Skenea planorbis, Fabr. — Frequent in the glacial (and R-B.) beds.

THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA AT LOW LEVELS. 541

+ Homalogyra atomus, Phill. — Frequent in the glacial beds (R-B., Largs ;

Shewalton).

t H. rota, T. and H.— (R-B., Shewalton).
t Turritella terebra, L.— (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
t Caecum trachea, Mont. — (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
t C. glabrum, Mont. — (R B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae ; Largs).
t Scalaria communis, Lam.— (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
S. groenlandica, Chemn. — Fairlie.
t S. Turtonae, Turt.

t Cioniscus (alcis) unicus, Mont.— (R-B., Shewalton).
Odostomia unidentata, Mont. — Lochgilp ; Garvel Park ; Kilchattan ;.

Misk.

t 0. rissoides, Han. — (R-B., Shewalton).
t 0. turrita, Hanley — Lochgilp ; (R-B., Shewalton).
0. plicata, Mont. — (R-B., Shewalton).
t 0. spiralis, Mont. — Lochgilp ; Dalmuir ; Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shewalton ;

Cumbrae).

0. lukisi, Jeff.— Garvel Park.

t 0. decussata, Mont.— (R-B., Shewalton ; Largs).
tO. conoidea, Brocchi. — Lochgilp.
1 0. pallida, Mont. — Lochgilp.
0. pusilla, Phill.— (R-B., Shewalton).
0. nitida, Aid. — (R-B., Shewalton).
1 0. scalaris, Phill.
1 0. excavata, Phill.— (R-B., Largs).
1 0. rufa, Phill-
+ 0. acicula, Phill.-
1 0. nivosa, Mont.-
1 0. conspicua, Alder. -
1 0. insculpta, Mont.-
1 0. obliqua, Alder. -
1 0. indistincta, Mont.-
1 0. interstincta, Mont.-
1 0. nitidissima, Mont.-

t Eulima distorta, Desk.— Misk ; (R-B., Largs).
t E. pplita, L.

tE. bilineata, Alder.— (R-B., Largs).

tNatica a£B.nis, (clausa) Gmelin. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
t N. catena, Da Costa. — Dalmuir ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
t N. groenlandica, Bid-. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
t N. pallida, Brod. and Sow. — Dalmuir ; Paisley ; Kilchattan.
t N. Alderi, Forbes. — (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
tN. Montacuta, Forbes, Clyde Beds; (R-B., Shewalton).
t N. Smithi, Brown, Ardencaple.
t N. sordida, Phill— Troon.
t Adeorbis subcarinata, Mont.

t Velutina laevigata, Penn. — Garvel Park ; Dalmuir ; Kilchattan.
** V. undata, Smith — Garvel Park ; Dalmuir ; Old Mains ; Paisley ; Garnock

Water ; Girvan.
t Lamellaria perspicua, L.

t Trichotropis borealis, Brod. and Sow. — Garvel Park ; Kyles of Bute.
t Aporrhais pes-pelicani, L. — Garvel Park ; Kilchattan ; Gourock ; (R-B.,

Shewalton ; Cumbrae).

t Cerithium reticulatum, Da Costa. — Garvel Park ; Cumbrae Coll : Loch-
gilp ; Duntroon ; Garnock Water ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
t Triforis perversa, L. — Garvel Park ; (R-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae ; Largs).
t Cerithiopsis tuberculata, Mont.

542 THE POST-DRIFT FOSSILS OF

*tPurpura lapillis, A— Frequent in the glacial ; (and E-B.) beds.
Buccinum groenlandicum, Chem.- -Old Mains ; Paisley ; Gourock Water ;

Gravel Park.
*tB. undatum, L. — Common in the glacial ; (and E-B.,) beds.

B. ciliatum, Forbes. — Bute.
Murex erinaceus, L. — Dalmuir.

** Trophon clathratus, L. — Frequent in the glacial beds.

T. clathratus, var. Gunneri, Loven. — Frequent in glacial beds.

t T. truncatus, Strom. — Frequent in the glacial beds.

*tFusus antiquus, L. — Frequent in the glacial beds.

t F. gracilis, Da Costa. — Dalmuir ; Girvan ; (E-B., Cumbrae).

F. propinquus, Alder. — Lochgilp.

F. despectus, L. — Dalmuir.

F. barvicensis, John. — Garvel Park.

t Nassa incrassata, Strom. — Kyles of Bute ; Lochgilp ; Troon ; (E-B.,

Cumbrae).

t N. reticulata, L. — (E-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae).
t N pygmaea, Lam.

t Defrancia linearis, Mont.— Garvel Park.
t D. purpurea, Mont. — (E-B., Shewalton).
t D. teres, Forb.
t D. gracilis, Mont.
t D. Leufroyi, Midland.

Pleurotoma pyramidalis, Strom. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
P. rufa, Mont. — (E-B., Cumbrae).
*t P. turricula, Mont. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
P. violacea, Migh. and Ad. — Frequent in the glacial beds.
P. costata, Don. — (E-B., Cumbrae).
tP. septangularis, Mont. — (E-B., Cumbrae).
t P. nebula, Mont. — (E-B., Shewalton).
t P. striolata, Ph.Ul. — (E-B., Cumbrae).
P. Trevelyana, Turt. — Kilchattan ; Garvel Park ; Garnock Water ; (E-B.,

Cumbrae).
t Cypraea europaea, Mont. — Garvel Park ; (E-B., Shewalton ; Cumbrae ;

Largs).
Cylichna alba, Brown. — Dalmuir ; Lochgilp ; Duntroon ; Paisley ; Kyles of

Bute ; Gat nock Water ; Garvel Park.
tC cylindracea, Penn. — Paisley ; Garvel Park.

C. obstricta, Gould.— Dalmuir ; Lochgilp.
t C. umbilicata, Mont.

t C. nitidula, Loven.

Utriculus hyalinus, Turt. — Dalmuir ; Cumbrae Coll ; Duntroon ; Paisley ;

Garvel Park ; Kilchattan.
t U. obtusus, Mont. — Frequent in the glacial beds ; (E-B., Shewalton).

var. turrita, Moll. — Garvel Park.
t V. truncatulus, Brug. — Garvel Park ; Duntroon ; (E-B., Shewalton,

Largs).
t U. mammillatus, Phill. — Garvel Park ; Dalmuir ; Arklieston ; (E-B.,

Shewalton).

t Bulla utriculus, Brocchi. — Garvel Park.
t Actaeon tornatilis, L.
t Scaphander lignarius, L. — Greenock.
t Philine scabra, Moll. — Garvel Park.
t P. lima, Brown. — Garvel Park.
P. nitida, Jeff. — Garvel Park.
t P. aperta, L. — Garvel Park.
t P. catena, Mont.

THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA AT LOW LEVELS. 543

t Philine punctata, Clark.

t P. pruinosa, Clark.

t Aplysia punctata, Cuvier.

t Pleurpbranchus plumula, Mont.

t Runcina Hancocki, Forbes.

t Melampus bidentatus, De Mont.

t Otina otis, Turt.

Helix rotundata, Mull. — (R-B., Shewaltbu).

Vertigo edentula, Drap. — Garvel Park

Cochlicopa lubrica, 0. F. Milll. — Garvel Park.

C. tridens. — Misk ; (R-B., Shewalton).

Pupa marginata, Drap. — Garvel Park ; (R-B., Cumbrae).

Carychium minimum, Midi. — (R-B., Largs).

PTEROPODA.
Spirialis retro versus, Flem.— (R-B., Largs.)

PISCES.

Vertebrae and otolites. — Old Mains ; Garvel Park ; Lochgilp ; Gourock ;
(R-B., Largs).

AVES.
Bones. — Paisley ; Dalmuir ; Garvel Park.

MAMMALIA.

(a) Under Boulder-clay.

Cervus tarandus, L. — Woodhill near Kilmaurs ; Croftamie, Dumbarton-
shire (Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. i., 18 — , p. 247).
Elephas primigenius, Blum. — Chapelhall, in stratified sand 350 feet above

sea-level. Wooclhill ; Druronmir near Dreghorn, under 76 feet of

Boulder- clay.
(6) In Boulder-clay.

Cervus tarandus, L. — Raes Gill, Carluke,
Elephas primigenius, Blum. — Bisbopbriggs. (A molar was got in a 45 feet

sand-bed, 33 feet from the surface, at Baillieston. This bed rested on

Coal-measure strata.)
(c) Above Boulder-clay.
Bos primigenius, Bojanus. — In the Clyde at Jordanhill, in clay ; Rothesay

Bay ; Cowdenglen, in peat ; Green dyke Street, Glasgow, in silt.
B. longifrons, Given. — Rutherglen Loan, Glasgow, in sand and gravel.
Cervus tarandus, L. — In the Clyde at Jordanhill.
Megaceros Hibernicus, Owen. — Cowdenglen in peat 15 feet from surface ;

Maybole, in peat.

Equus caballus, L. — Cowdenglen ; (R-B., Shewalton).
Whale, a number of bones and two skulls got near the base of the 40 feet

Raised-Beach bed at Shewalton.

544 THE POST DRIFT-FOSSILS OF

Vertebrata from Caves and Shell Mounds, which may have been contempor-
aneous with the last Raised-Beach beds.

Excavations made in the Shell-mound, Ardrossan, and at Cleaves Cove,
Dairy, resulted in the discovery of the remains of the following animals.
For further information on the subject see papers by the author in the
Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, vol. vii., p. 284 ; vol. ix.,
p. 355 ; and his "Prehistoric Man in Ayrshire."

Homo sapiens, broken bones.* Hare.* Oyster Catcher.

Long-faced Ox.* Fox. Red Grouse.

0-oat.* Horse. Herring Gull.

Dog or Wolf.* Otter. Razorbill.

Slender-legged Sheep.* Cat. Puffin.

Eed Deer.* Beaver.* Guillemot.

Pig.* Weasel. Conger.

Badger.* Seal. Cod.

Rabbit. ? Cetacean.*

Roebuck. Goose.*

* Found at Cleaves Cove as well as Ardrossan.

LOCALITIES OF POST-DRIFT FossiLS1 IN THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

Adamton, near Monkton.

Ardencaple, near Helensburgh.

Ardmarnock, Loch Fyne, in sandy, grey clay.

Arkleston, near Paisley, railway cutting.

Baillieston, near Glasgow.

Balnakaile Bay, Bute.

Bogside, near Irvine, in pit, muddy sand.

Bute, Island of, Balnakaile Bay, Kilchattan, Rothesay, etc.

Campbeltown, Tangy Glen, near.

Carluke, Baes Gill, near.

Cartsdyke, Greenock, in laminated clay.

Cleaves Cove, near Dairy, cave deposit.

Colintraive, Kyles of Bute, shore sections.

College, Great Cumbrae, in sand.

Cowdenglen, near Neilston.

Crinan Canal, in clay.

Cumbrae, Island of Great, at the College.

Dalmuir, burn section in sandy clay, or Boulder-clay.

Dipple Tilework, near Girvan, in clay.

Drummuir, near Dreghorn.

Dumbarton, in clay.

Duntroon, Loch Gilp, in clay or Boulder-clay.

East Tarbert, in clay.

Ettrick Bay, Bute.

Fairfield, see Govan.

Fairlie, Largs, shore sections, in sand and clay.

Garvel Park Dock, Greenock section, in clay.

Girvan Harbour, section in brownish-red clay ; Dipple tilework.

Glasgow, Baillieston ; Govan ; Jordanhill ; Stobcross.

Govan, near Glasgow, at Fairfield, in sand and clay.

Greenock, Cartsdyke, in laminated clay ; Garvel Park, Dock section.

Gourock.

1 Mostly at or near Sea-level.

THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA AT LOW LEVELS. 545

Helensburgh, Ardencaple, near.

Irvine, Bogside ; Kennox : Shewalton.

Jordanhill, near Glasgow, in clay.

Kames Bay, Bute, shore section.

Kennox, near Irvine, river section in sandy mud.

Kilchattan Tilework, Bute, section in sandy mud.

Kilmaurs, Wooclhill Quarry near.

Kilwinning, Town of, in sandy mud.

Kyles of Bute. Ettrick Bay.

Loch Fyne, near Strachur, in clay ; Ardmarnock.

Lucknow, near Stevenston, in pit sinking.

Misk, near Stevenston, in pit-sinking, in sand and sandy mud, or laminated

clay.

Monkton, Adamton near.
Old Mains, Renfrew, in sand and " earth."
Neilston, Cowdenglen near.

Paisley Tileworks, in opencast pits ; Arkleston railway cutting.
Paisley Canal, in grey clay.
Raes Gill, near Carluke.
Renfrew, Old Mains near.
Rothesay, Island of Bute.

Shewalton, bear Irvine, river section, in sand and sandy mud.
Stobcross Dock, Glasgow, in laminated clay.
Stevenston, Lucknow ; Misk, in blue clay.
Strachur, Loch Fyne, in clay.
Tangy Glen, near Campbeltown.
Tarbert, East, in clay.

Troon Gaswork, excavations in sandy clay and sand.
Woodhill Quarry near Kilmaurs.

THE ROCKS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.
BY JOSEPH SOMMERVILLE AND G. R. THOMPSON.

THE Rocks of the district are given in a tabulated form, and are chiefly
compiled from Sir Archd.Geikie's "Ancient Volcanoes of Britain," the Memoirs
of the Geological Survey of Scotland, and the Transactions of the Geological
Society of Glasgow.

IGNEOUS ROCKS.

The Igneous Rocks have been classified from their chemical and mineralo-
gical composition. For their positions in geological chronology, see "The
Ancient Volcanoes of Britain." They are divided into four groups as
follows :—

Acid group. — Those containing over 65 per cent, of silica.
Granite — Arran : Loch Doon : Spango.
Micro-Granite, Eurite or Granulite — Ailsa Craig.
Graphic Granite or Pegmatite — Cowal District.
Felsite — Quartz-porphyry and Feldspar-porphyry or Porphyrite — Tinto :

Lochfyne : Ballantrae.
Pitchstone — Arran.
Intermediate group. — Those containing 55 to 65 per cent, of silica.

Lamprophyre, including Kersantite, Camptonite, Vogesite, etc. — Cowal

District.

Diorite — Girvan and Cowal districts.
Trachyte — in dykes in the Cowal district.
Andesite — largely represented in the district and often a.mygdaloidal.

Dumbarton, Ayr, Renfrew, and Lanark shires.
Basic group. — Those containing 45 to 55 per cent, of silica.
Gabbro : Hornblend gabbro and Hyperite — Girvan : Cowal.
Basalt — common in the district in intrusive sheets and dykes, often

columnar.

Tachylyte — a basalt glass forming selvages of basalt dykes — Whiteinch :
Lendalfoot. Mr. Clough has found it in the centre as well as on the
selvages of dykes ; see Survey Memoir: "The Geology of Cowal."
Dolerite — commou all over the district in dykes and intrusive sheets.
Where it has been erupted or intruded amongst carbonaceous strata
its usual dark colour has been changed into grey and white.
Diabase and Diabase porphyrite, showing pillow structure — Girvan dis-
trict : Dumgoyn.

Ultra-Basic group. — Those containing generally less than 45 per cent, of silica.
Serpentine — Lendalfoot : Innellan.

In this group may also be noted Olivine-enstatite rock and Horn-
blend-picrite — Girvan district.

VOLCANIC FRAGMENTAL ROCKS.

Volcanic agglomerate — Dunibuck : Campsie Hills : Renfrewshire and Ayr-
shire.

THE ROCKS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. 547

Volcanic Conglomerate and Breccia — Ayrshire.

„ Tuff — This is found associated with the agglomerate. A very fine
variety known as Water-of- Ayr-stone was recently exposed in a fine
section at Troon.

METAMORPHIC ROCKS.

A group of these rocks are well exposed in Argyllshire, passing into Bute
and forming a rim around the granite area in Arrau. These are more fully
described by Mr. Peter Macnair, p. 414. Their geological age has not yet
been ascertained, but probably they are not younger than Silurian.

They consist of altered igneous rocks, forming Epidiorites, Hornblende,
and Chlorite-schists and Serpentines.

The rocks of sedimentary origin are altered to Gneissose-grits, Schistose-
grits, Schistose-greywackes, Albite-schists, Graphite-schists, Mica-schists,
Schistose-limestones, Phyllites, and Chlorite-epidote-schists. See the Green
beds of the Geology of Cowal.

AQUEOUS OR SEDIMENTARY ROCKS.
(The Aqueous or Sedimentary Rocks are given in ascending geological order.)

Silurian.

Sandstones, Greywackes, Grits, Breccias, Conglomerates (Haggis rock).
Mudstones, Radiolarian Cherts, Limestones, etc. — Ayrshire and Lanarkshire.

Old Red Sandstone.

Red Sandstones, Breccias and Conglomerates, Cornstones and Magnesian-
lirnestones— Ayr, Lanark, Dumbarton, and Argyle shires.

Carboniferous Rocks.

The rocks of this formation are largely developed in the counties of
Lanark and Ayr, and consist of thick-bedded Limestones and Sandstones,
Grits, Conglomerates, Shales, Fireclays, Blackband Ironstones, and numerous
seams of Coal.

Permian (?) or New Red Sandstone.
Red Sandstones — Ayrshire.

Pleistocene or Glacial Beds.

Boulder-clay, Stratified clays, Sands and Gravels, Moraines, and Kames,
Erratic blocks, etc.

These rocks are abundant all over the district. See " The Great Ice Age,"
by Prof. James Geikie ; " The Drift or Glacial Deposits of Ayrshire/' by Mr.
John Smith ; and the Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgorv.

Recent Beds.

Alluvium in the river valleys.

Blown sand — along the shore from Ardrossan to Avr : near Ardlamont

«.'

Point, Argyllshire.

Raised-Beaches — along the shores of the river and firth of Clvde.

•/

Peat — extensive tracts occur on many parts of the district, chiefly in
Lanark and Ayr shires, as at Shotts, Aird's Moss, etc.

Soil — Boulder-clay deposits being extensive in the district, a great part of
the soil is the weathered surface of that clay. There is also fine soil
produced by the disintegration of some of the volcanic rocks.

Talus — This is found at the base of cliffs and steep slopes.

THE MINERALS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.
BY JOSEPH SOMMERVILLE AND G. R. THOMPSON.

THIS list of minerals has been compiled from various sources, amongst
which may be mentioned The Mineralogical Magazine ; The Transactions of
the Royal Society of Edinburgh ; The " Memoirs of the Geological Survey
of Scotland"; The Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society ; and The
Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow. The classification with the
chemical formulae are based upon Dana's "System of Mineralogy," 1892.
A few of the more important local varieties are given, but synonyms have
been avoided as far as possible. A number of the better known ones are,
however, given in the alphabetical index witli a reference number to the
species to which they belong.

NATIVE ELEMENTS.

1. Diamond ? C Craigman.

2. Graphite, C Craigman : Shotts : Hurlford.

3. Gold, Au Leadhills : Wanlockhead : Ailsa Craig :

M 'Plum's Cairn.

4. Silver, Ag Campsie Hills : Corrie Glen : Enterkin :

M'Phuu's Cairn.

5. Copper, Cu Barrhe;id : Mauchline : Corrie Glen.

6. Iron (Meteoric) Fe Fell at Fossil, near Glasgow, 5th April, 1804.

SULPHIDES.

7. Stibnite, Sb2S3 Hare Hill : New Cumnock.

8. Galena or Galenite, PbS Leadhills : Corrie Glen : Dockra.

9. Chalcocite, Cu2S Ayrshire.

10. Sphalerite or Blende, ZnS Wanlockhead : Strontian.

11. Pentlandite, (Fe. Ni)S Inveraray.

12. Greenockite, CdS Bishopton : Barrhead : Kilpatrick Hills.

13. Millerite, NiS Dockra : Broadstone.

14. Niccolite, NiAs Inveraray : Wanlockhead : Leadhills.

15. Pyrrhotite, FenS12 Loch Long : Appin.

16. Inverarite of Heddle. Near Inveraray.

Sulphide of Iron and Nickel.*

17. Chalcopyrite, CuS. Co2S3 Wanlockhead.

18. Pyrite, FeS2 Common in volcanic and derivative rocks"

Dunoon : Leadhills.

19. Smaltite, CoAs2 Inveraray.

20. Marcasite, FeS2 Lanarkshire and Ayrshire coal-fields, common.

21. Kermesite, Sb2S2O Hare Hill : New Cumnock.

* Same as Pyrrhotite.

THE MINERALS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. 549

CHLORIDES AND FLUORIDES.

22. Halite (common salt), NaCl Only obtained in the district by the evapor-

ation of sea-water.

23. Fluorite, CaF2 Gourock : Broadstone : Waiilockhead : in clear

crystals at Waterland, Lugton.

OXIDES.

24. Quartz (Rock Crystal), SiO2 In fine crystals at Leadhills : Campsie Hills :

Gourock : Cathkin : and other locnlities. In minute double-ter-
minated crystals in sooty coal at Kilwinning, and in microscopic
crystals from Carbonite (columnar coal) from Paisley, Provanhall,
and other places where a coal-seam has been altered by intrusive
Dolerite.

The following varieties and localities may also be noted : Amethystine—
Carrickshore : Leadhills : Langbank : Galston : Dairy Hills : Cath-
cart Castle. Milky — Galston. Ferruginous — Bute : Stockie Muir.
Calcedouy - -Galston. Cornelian -- Cantyre. Agate -- Galston.
Agate- Jasper — Dunglass : Galston. Plasma— Kilwinning. Jasper
— Burn Ann : Galston : Spout of Ballagan : Lendalfoot : Dunglass.
Flint — Beith : Dunoon. Heliotrope — Cantyre. Smoky — Arran.
Quartzyte — Campsie : Black Craig : Argyllshire.

25. Opal, SiO2 with water Corrie Glen.

26. Valentinite, Sb.,O3 New Cumuock.

27. Cervantite, Sb.2O4 Hare Hill.

28. Water, H2O In abundance in the liquid form everywhere

in the district and in the crystalline form as Snow and Ice in winter.

29. Cuprite, Cu2O Waiilockhead.

30. Tenorite or Melaconite, CuO Leadhills.

31. Haematite, Fe2O3 Leadhills : Loch Doon : Kilbirnie Hills.

32. Reddle, Fe2O3 a variety of

Haematite Dairy.

33. Ilmenite or Menaccanite, FeTiO3 Holy Loch : Glen Massan : Bute :

Cantyre : Loch Long.

34. Picotite— Chrome Spinel, (Mg. Fe)O(AlCr)2O3 as a constituent of some

volcanic rocks.

35. Magnetite, FeO . Fe2O3 Bute : Loch Long : Logan Water.

36. Minium, Pb3O4 Leadhills.

37. Rutile, TiO2 Cowal district.

38. Plattn^rite, "PbO2 Leadhills: Waiilockhead.

39. Octahedrite, TiO2 Earn, W. of Loch Lomond.

40. Pyrolusite, MuO2 From dredgings in Loch Fyne : Leadhills.

41. Gothite, Fe.2O3H2O Kilpatrick Hills : Gourock.

42. Limonite, 2Fe9O33H2O Lochnne : Mull of Cantyre.

43. Psilomelane, H4MnO5 Kilpatrick Hills : Leadhills.

44. Wad — Bog-Manganese. Composition variable but chiefly an oxide of

Manganese. Gourock : Renton : Cathkin : Bowling : Leadhills :
Burrmill.

45. Asbolite. A variety of Wad containing Oxide of Cobalt. Tyndrum.

OXYGEN-SALTS — CARBONATES.

46. Calcite, CaO3 In many crystalline forms; the ordinary

rhombic ; Dog-tooth and Nail-head, at Dockra : Gourock : Campsie
Hills : Dairy : Waterland : Leadhills : Barrhead : and as Limestone
at Beith : Campsie Hills : Nitshill : as Rock-Milk at Cleaves Cove,
Dairy : Pink crystals occur at Gourock.

550 .THE MINERALS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

47. Dolomite, (CaMg)C03 Gourock : Wanlockheacl : Toward : Cantyre.

48. Magnesite, MgCO3 Inch Moran, Loch Lomond.

49. Siderite, FeCO3 Lanarkshire and Ayrshire coal-fields as black-

band, clayband and musselband ironstone, a variety having a
cone-in-cone structure at Temple : Possil : Rutherglen : Stewarton :
Lugton.

50. Smithsonite (Calamine), ZnCO3 Leadhills : Wanlockhead.

51. Aragonite, CaCO3 Dockra: Auchenharvie : Shettleston: Cariipsie:

Greenock Hills : Dairy : Stevenson.

52. Bromlite, (BaCa)CO3 Leadhills : Wanlockhead.

53. Witherite, BaCO3 Leadhills : Wanlockhead.

54. Strontianite, Sr. CO3 Strontian.

55. Cerusite, PbCO3 Leadhills : Wanlockhead.

56. Barytocalcite, BaCO3CaCO3 Leadhills : Wanlockhead.

57. Malachite, 2CuO. CO2. H2O Leadhills : Barrhead : Cowal : Aberfoyle.

58. Azurite or Chessylite, 3CuO. 2CO2H2O Leadhills : Wanlockhead.

OXYGEN-SALTS — SILICATES.

59. Orthoclase-Potash Feldspar, KAlSi3O8 Arran : Bute : Kilpatrick : Cowal :

Corriegills, Arran.

60. Erythrite, a flesh-red variety of Orthoclase. Kilpatrick Hills.

61. Weissegite, a variety of Orthoclase. Campsie Hills : Kilpatrick :

Hartfield Moss.

62. Murchisonite, a variety of Orthoclase. Arran.
62A. Plagioclase Series. Albite to Anorthite.

63. Albite, NaAlSi3O8 Cowal district.

64. Oligoclase ? Cowal district.

65. Labradorite, Ballantrae : and in the basaltic dykes of the

district.

66. Bytownite ? In the basalt dykes of Cowal.

67. Anorthite, CaAloSi2O8 Lendalfoot in dolerite.

68. Christianite and Latrobite are the same as Anorthite.

69. Enstatite, MgSiO3 Lendalfoot.

70. Bronzite, MgSiO3 with Iron Lendalfoot.

71. Bastite or Schiller-Spar, an altered Enstatite or Bronzite. Balhamie Hill.

72. Hypersthene ? (FeMg)SiO3 Strachur : Inveraray.
72A. Pyroxene Group. Composition various

73. Augite, CaMgSi2O6 with alumina Arran : Fairlie : Cowal.

74. Diallage, Lendalfoot.

75. Pectolite, HNaCo.,(Si.,O3)3. Kilsyth : Girvan : Lendalfoot : Knockdolian

Hill.
75 A. Amphibole Group.

76. Anthophyllite, (MgFe)SiO3 Girvan.

77. Asbestos, comp. various Lochfineside : Girvan.

78. Hornblende, comp. various Dunoon.

79. Tremolite, CaMgsSi4Or> Inverarav.

80. Actinolite? Ca(MgFe)3Si4O12 Cowaf district.

81. Mountain Leather, Leadhills: Strontian.

82. Uralite, Dunoon.

83. Riebeckite, 2NaFe(SiO3).,FeSiO3 Ailsa Craig.

84. lolite or Cordierite, H2(MgFe)4Al8Si10< )37 Glenfine : Cowal.

85. Garnet, composition various Gleiibucket : Strontian.

86. Crysolite, (MgFe)2SiO4 Kilpatrick and Renfrewshire Hills : Cowal

district.

87. Ferrite, an altered Chrysolite Gleniffer : Boylstone : Cowal district.

88. Willemite, Zn2SiO4 Wanlockhead.

THE MINERALS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. 551

89. Vesuvianite or Idocrase, a basic calcium-aluminium silicate. Cowal

district.

90. Zircon, ZrSiO4 Strontian.

91. Sillimanite or Fibrolite, Al2SiO5 Glen Fyne : Cowal.

92. Datholite or Datolite, HCaBSiO- Kilpatrick : Bishopton : Barrhead.

93. Zoisite ? HCa2Al3Si3O13 Cowal district.

94. Epidote, HCa2(AlFe)3Si3013 Bute : Arran.

95. Prehnite, H2Ca.2Al._>Si3O12 Bowling : Barrhead : Bishopton.

96. Calamine, HZn.2SiO5 Leadhills.

97. Tourmaliue, a complex silicate of boron and aluminium. Cowal district.

98. Okenite, 2HoOCaO2SiO9 Carleton Castle.

99. Apophyllite,~K2O. 8CaO. 16Si20. 16H2O Kilpatrick Hills : Strontian.
99A. Zeolites.

100. Heulandite, H4CaAl2Si6Ols + 3H2O Kilpatrick Hills : Little Cumbrae.

101. Brewsterite, H4(SrBaCa)Al2Si6Cf18 + 3H2O Strontian.

102. Harmotome, H.,(K,Ba)Al.,Si-O15 + 4H2O" Strontium : Campsie Hills:

Kilpatrick Hills.

103. Stilbite, H4(Na.2Ca)Al2Si6018 + 4H2O Cochno : Campsie Hills: Arran:

Little Cumbrae.

104. Laumontite, H4CaAl2Si4O14 -f 2H2O Kilpatriek, Campsie Hills: Ren-

frewshire Hills.

105. Chabazite, (CaNa2)ALSi4 + 6H2O Kilpatrick Hills : Kilmalcolm : Dairy.

106. Levynite, CuAUSl-jO^ + SHXT Hartfield Moss.

107. Analcite, NaAlSioOy + H.,O Ban-head: Port-Glasgow: Inverkip : Kil-

patrick Hills : Strontian.

108. Cluthalite, var. of Analcite with flesh-red crystals. Bowling : Little

Cumbrae : Fergushill Ha', Kilwinning.

109. Edingtonite, BaAl2Si3O10 + 3H2O Kilpatrick Hills.

110. Glottalite, var. of Edingtonite Port-Glasgow.

111. Natrolite, Na.,Al.,Si3O10 + 2H.,O. Kilmalcolm: Port-Glasgow: Campsie

Hills: Kilpatrick HiUs : Cowal : Cloch.

112. Galacite, var. of Natrolite Berry Glen, Ayrshire.

113. Scolecite, CaAl2Si3O10 + 3H.2O Kilpatrick Hills.

114. Mesolite, Composition between Natrolite and Scolecite. Kilpatrick

Hills : Hartfield Moss.

115. Thomsonite (Na2Ca)Al2Si,O8 + H.2O Bowling : Kilmalcolm: Port-Glas-

gow.

116. Doliauite, a doubtful Zeolite Knock Station, Ayrshire.
116A. Mica Division.

117. Muscovite, H2KA13(S2O4)3 In granites and sandstones.

118. Sericrte, a variety of Muscovite In schists of the Cowal district.

119. Agalmatolite ? an amorphous mineral with a composition near muscovite

Cowal district.

120. Paragonite, sodium mica Cowal district.

121. Lepidolite, Lithium Mica Argyleshire.

122. Biotite, Magnesium-iron Mica Dairy : Cowal.

123. Haughtonite (Hecldle), same as Biotite.

124. Clinochlore, H8(MgFe)5Al.2Si3O18 Inveraray.

125. Prochlorite or Chlorite, H40(FeMg)23Al14Si13O90 Cowal district.

126. Delessite, H10(MgFe)4(AlFe)4Si4O22" Bowling : Dumbuck : Long Craigs.

127. Chlorophaeite of Macculloch, a chloritic mineral. Loch F_yne :

Strachur.
127 A. Serpentine and Talc Division.

128. Serpentine, H4Mg3Si2O9 Lendalfoot : Colmonell : Innellan.

129. Antigorite, a variety of Serpentine Towrard.

130. Chrysotile, a fibrous variety of Serpentine Lendalfoot : Games Loup.

131. Talc or Steatite, H2Mg3Si4O12 Toward : Bute.

.152 THE MINERALS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

132. Saponite, a hydrous silicate of magnesium and aluminium, composition

variable. The three following are local varieties.

133. Bowlingite Bowling : Auchenharvie.

134. Cathkinite Cathkin.

135. Prasilite Kilpatrick Hills.

136. Celadonite, a silicate of iron, magnesium and potassium Galston.

137. Glauconite, a hydrous silicate of iron and potassium Old Kilpatrick :

Little Cumbrae.

138. Kaolinite ? composition not determined. Troon.

139. Chrysocolla, CuSiO3 + 2H2O Leadhills.

140 Chonicrite, a hydrous silicate. Colmonell : Lendalfoot : Dairy.

141. Pilolite, „ „ Leadhills.

142. Titanite, CaTiSiO6 River Fyne near Newton Hill : Strontian.

OXYGEN SALTS — PHOSPHATES, ETC.

143. Apatite, (CaF)Ca4(PO4)3 or (CaCl)Ca4(PO4)3 In igneous rocks and schists

of the Cowal district.

144. Coprolites, amorphous phosphates In shales of the carboniferous

system of the district.

145. Pyromorphite, (PbCl)Pb4P3O12 Leadhills.

146. Mimetite, (PbCl)Pb4As2O12 Leadhills: Wanlockhead.

147. Vanadinite, (PbCl)Pb4V3O12 Wanlockhead.

148. Olivenite, Cu2(OH)AsO4 Leadhills: Wanlockhead.

149. Dechenite, PbV2O6 Leadhills.

150. Erinite, Cu5(OH)4P9O8 Leadhills.

151. Vivianite, Fe3P2O8 + 8H2O Leadhills.

152. Annabergite, NiAs2O8 + 8H2O Wanlockhead.

153. Uraninite, a uranate of uranyl, Lead formula uncertain. Wanlockhead.

OXYGEN SALTS — SULPHATES, CHROMATES, ETC.

154. Barite, BaSO4 Aberfoyle : Gourock : Leadhills : Corrieburn :

Qneenside Hill : Arran.

155. Calcareobarite, a variety of Barite containing Lime. Strontian.

156. Celestite, SrSO4 Aucheureoch Glen.

157. Anglesite, PbSO4 Leadhills : Wanlockhead.

158. Vauquelinite, a phospho-chromate of Lead Leadhills : Wanlockhead.

159. Leadhillite, 4PbOSO32CO2H2O Leadhills.

160. Susannite, a sulphate-tricarbonate of Lead Leadhills.

161. Lanarkite, Pb2SO5 Leadhills.

162. Caledonite, (PbCu)SO4(PbCu)OH2 Leadhills.

163. Linarite, (PbCu)SO4(PbCu)OH2 Leadhills.

164. Mirabilite, Na2SO4 + 2H2O Hurlet.

165. Gypsum, CaSO4 + 2H2O Spout of Ballagan : Hamilton: Ayr : Auchen-

reoch Glen.

166. Epsomite? MgSO4+7H2O Giffriock.

167. Melanterite, FeSO4 + 7H2O Hurlet: Kilpatrick.

168. Chalcanthite, CuSO4 + 5H2O Wanlockhead.

169. Kalinite, K9SO4. A1.,(SO4)3 + 24H2O Campsie : Hurlet.

170. Halotrichite^FeSO4Al2(SO4)3 + 24H2O Giflfiiock : Auchenskeith : Hurlet:

Campsie.

HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS.

171. Albertite Nitshill.

172. Urpethite Dairy.

173. Anthracite Eankinston : Hurlford : Provanhall.

174. Middletonite Stevenston : Hurlford : Kilmarnock.

THE MINERALS OF THE CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA. 553

175. Ozokerite Dairy : Airdrie.

176. Carbonite, native coke Paisley: Provanhall : Kilwinning.

177. Elaterite Dairy : AiHrie.

178. Hatchittite, Mountain tallow. Lochfyne.

179. Chrisraatite Lugar in blackband ironstone.

180. Asphaltum Hurlet : Bishopbriggs.

181. Mineral Charcoal Between layers of nearly all coals.

INDEX TO THE MINERALS.

WITH REFERENCE NUMBERS.

A.

Actinolite, 80.
Agalmatolite, 119.
Agate ; see Quartz, 24.
Agate jasper ; see

Quartz, 24.
Albertite, 171.
Albite, 63.
Alstonite ; see Bromlite,

52.
Alum, Native ; see Kali-

nite, 169.
Alum, Iron ; see Halo-

trichite, 170.
Alum, Feather ; see

Halotrichite, 170.
Amethystine Quartz ;

see Quartz, 24.
Amianthus ; see Amphi-

bole, 75A.

Amphibole Group, 7f>A.
Analcime, 107.
Analcite, 1()7.
Anatase ; see Octahe-

drite, 39.
Andreolite ; see Harmo-

tome, 102.
Anglesite, 157.
Annabergite, 152.
Anorthite, 67.
Anthophyllite, 76.
Anthracite, 173.
Antigorite, 129.
Anthnonite ; see Stib-

nite, 7.
Apatite, 143.
Apophyllite, 99.
Aragonite, 51.
Asbestos, 77.
Asbolite, 45.

Asphaltum, 180.
Augite, 73.
Azurite, 58.

B.

Barite, 154.

Barytes ; see Barite,
154.

Barytocalcite, 56.

Bastite, 71.

Biotite, 122.

Bitumen ; see Asphal-
tum, 180.

Blackband Ironstone ;
see Siderite, 49.

Blackjack ; see Blende,
10.

Blacklead ; see Graphite,
2.

Blende, 10.

Bog - Manganese ; see
Wad, 44.

Bostonite ; see Chryso-
tile, 130.

Bowlingite, 133.

Brewsterite, 101.

Bromlite, 52.

Bronzite, 70.

Bysolite ; see Amphi-
bole, 75A.

Bytownite, 66.

C.

Calami ne, 96.
Calcareobarite, 155.
Calcite, 46.
Caledonite, 162.
Capillary Pyrites ; see

Millerite, 13, and Mar-

casite, 20.

Carbonite, 176.

Carnelian ; see Quartz,
24.

Cathkinite, 134.

Celadonite, 136.

Celestite or Celestine,
156.

Cerusite, 55.

Cervantite, 27.

Chabazite, 105.

Chalcanthite, 168.

Chalcedony ; see Quartz.,
24.

Chalcocite, 9.

Chalcopyrite, 1 7.

Chalybite ; see Siderite,
49.

Charcoal ; see Mineral
Charcoal, 181.

Chert ; see Quartz, 24.

Chessylite ; see Azurite,
58.

Chlorite ; see Prochlor-
ite, 125.

Chlorophaeite, 127.

Chonicrite, 140.

Chrismatite or Chrisma-
tine, 179.

Christian ite, 68.

Chrome-spinel ; see Pico-
tite, 34.

Chrysocolla, 139.

Chrysolite, 86.

Chrysotile, 130.

Clinochlore, 124.

Cluthalite, 108.

Cobalt-earthy ; see Asbo-
lite, 45.

Common Salt ; see Hal-
ite, 22.

INDEX TO THE MINERALS.

555

Cone in Cone ; see Sider-

ite, 49.
Copper, 5.
Copper-Glance ; see Chal -

cocite, 9.
Copper Pyrites ; see

Chalcopyrite, 17.
Copper Sulphate ; see

Chalcanthite, 168.
Coprolites, 144.
Cordierite ; see lolite,

84.

Crispite ; see Rutile, 37.
Cuprite, 29.

D.

Datholite or Datolite,

92.

Dachanite, 149.
Delessite, 126.
Delphinite ; see Epidote,

94.
Diagonite ; see Brews -

terite, 101.
Diallage, 74.
Diamond, 1.
Dillenburgite ; seeChrys-

ocolla, 139.
Dioxylite ; see Lanark -

ite^ 101.
Dog - tooth Spar ; see

Calcite, 46.
Dolianite, 116.
Dolomite, 47.

E.

Edingtonite, 109.
Elaterite, 177.
Enstatite, 69.
Epidote, 94.
Epsomite, 166.
Erinite, 150.
Erythrite, 60.

F.

Faroelite ; see Thom-

sonite, 115.
Felspar (Potash), 59.
Ferrite, 87.
Ferruginous Quartz ; see

Quartz, 24.
Fibrolite ; see Silliman-

ite, 91.

Flint ; see Quartz, 24.
Fluor Spar ; see Fluorite,

23.
Fluorite, 23.

G.

Galactite, 112.
Galena or Galenite, 8.
Garnet, 85.
Glauconite, 137.
Glottalite, 110.
Gold, 3.
Gothite, 41.
Graphite, 2.
Greenockite, 12.
Gypsum, 165.

H.

Haematite or Hematite,
31.

Halite, 22.

Halotrichite, 170.

Harmotome, 102.

Hatchettite, 178.

Haughtonite, 123.

Heavy Spar ; see Barite,
154.

Heliotrope ; see Quartz,
24.

Heulandite, 100.

Hornblende, 78.

Humboldtite; see Datho-
lite, 92.

Hypersthene, 72.

I.

Ice ; see Water, 28.

Idocrase, see Vesuvia-
nite, 89.

Ilmenite, 33.

Inverarite, Hi.

lolite, 84.

Iron 6.

Iron Alum ; see Halo-
trichite, 170.

Iron Carbonate ; see Sid-
erite, 49.

Iron Magnetic Oxide ;
see Magnetite, 35.

Iron Pvrites ; see Pvrite.

*. «/

18.
Iserine ; see Ilmenite, 33.

J.

Jasper ;• see Quartz, 24.

K.

Kalinite, 169.
Kaolinite, 138.
Kermesite, 21.

L.

Labradorite, 65.
Lanarkite, 161.

Latrobite, 68.

Laumontite, 104.

Lead Phosphate ; see
Pyroniorphite, 145.

Lead Sulphate; see Ang-
lesite, 157.

Lead Sulphide ; see Gal-
ena, 8.

Leadhillite, 159.

Lepidolite, 121.

Leuchtenbergite ; see
Clinochlore, 124.

Levynite, 106.

Limonite, 42.

Linarite, 163.

Lincolnite ; see Heu
landite, 100.

Lithia Mica ; see Lepi-
dolite, 121.

M.

Magnesian Limestone ;

see Dolomite, 47.
Magnesite, 48.
Magnetic Pyrites ; see

Pyrrhotite, 1">.
Magnetite, 35.
Malachite, 57.
Malacotite ; see Auu'ite,

73.
Manganese, Bog- ; see

Wad, 44.

Marble ; see Calcite, 46.
Marcasite, 20.
Melaconite- seeTenorite.

30.

Melanterite, 167.
Menaccanite ; see Ilmen-
ite, 33.
Mesole ; see Thomson-

ite, 115.
Mesolite, 114.
Mesotype ; see Mesolite,

114 ; Natrolite, 111 ;

Scolecite, 113 and

Thomsonite, 115.
Meteoric Iron; see Ii<>n.

6.

Mica Division, 116A
Middletonite, 174.
Milky (Quartz ; see

Quartz, 24.
Millerite, 13.
Mimetite, 146.
Mineral Charcoal, 181.
Minium, 36.
Mirabilite, 164.

556

INDEX TO THE MINERALS.

Mornite ; see Labrador-

ite, 65.
Morvenite ; see Harmo-

tome, 102.

Mountain Leather, 81.
Murchisonite, 62.
Muscovite, 117.
Musselband Ironstone ;

see Siderite, 49.

N.

Natrolite, 111.
Needle Spar ; see Arag-

onite, 51.
Niccolite, 14.

O.

Octahedrite, 39.
Okenite, 98.
Oligoclase, 64.
Olivenite, 148.
Olivine ; see Chrysolite,

86.

Opal, 25.
Orthochase, 59.
Ozokerite or Ozocerite,

Potash Feldspar ; see

Orthoclase, 59.
Prasilite, 135.
Prehnite, 95.
Prochlorite, 125.
Psilomelane, 43.
Pyrite, 18.
Pyrolusite, 40.
Pyromorphite, 145.
Pyroxene Group, 7 2 A.
Pyrrhosiderite ; see

Gothite, 41.
Pyrrhotite, 15.

Q.

175.

P.

Paragonite, 120.
Pectolite, 75.
Pentlandite, 11.
Peridot ; see Chrysolite,

86.

Picotite, 34.
Pilolite, 141.
Pitchblend ; see Urani-

nite, 153.
Pitchstone ; see Felspar,

59.

Plagioclase Series, 62A.
Plasma ; see Quartz, 24.
Plattnerite, 38.
Plumbocalcite ; see Cal-

cite, 46.
Poonahlite ; see Scole-

cite, 113.

Quartz, 24.

R.

Ratholite ; see Pectolite,

75

Reddle, 32.
Riebeckite, 83.
Ripidolite ; see Clinoch-

lore, 124.
Rock Crystal ; see

Quartz, 24.
Rock Milk ; see Calcite,

46.
Rutile, 37.

S.

Sagenite ; see Rutile, 37.
Saponite, 132.
Satin Spar ; see Aragon-

ite, 51.
Schiller Spar ; see Bas-

tite, 71.
Schorl ; see Tourmaline,

97.

Scolecite, 113.
Sericite, 118.
Serpentine and Talc

Division, 127A.
Serpentine, 128.
Siderite, 49.
Sillimanite, 91.
Silver, 4.

Smaltite, 19.

Smithsonite, 50.

Smoky Quartz ; see
Quartz, 24.

Specular Iron ; see Hae-
matite, 31.

Sphalerite, 10.

Sphene ; see Titanite,
142.

Steatite ; see Talc, 131.

Stibnite, 7.

Stilbite, 103.

Strontianite, 54.

Susannite, 160.

T.

Talc, 131.
Tenorite, 30.
Thomsonite, 115.
Titanite, 142.
Tourmaline, 97.
Treinolite, 79.
Troostite ; see Wille-
mite, 88.

U.

Uralite, 82.
Uraninite, 153.
Urpethite, 172.

Y.

Valentinite, 26.
Vanadinite, 147.
Vauquelinite, 158.
Vesuvianite, 89.
Vivianite, 151.

W.

Wad, 44.
Water, 28.
Weissegite, 61.
Willeinite, 88.
Witherite, 53.

Z.

Zeolites, 99A.
Zircon, 90.
Zoisite, 93.

LOCALITIES FOR OLD RED SANDSTONE AND

CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS IN THE

CLYDE DRAINAGE AREA.

BY JOHN SMITH.

THE following list of localities in the Clyde area where Carboniferous and

Old Red Sandstone fossils have been or may be obtained, has been

drawn up for the use of geological observers. The distances given are those

from the nearest railway stations. The formations and their various
divisions are indicated by letters as follows :

((J.) = Carboniferous.
(O.RS.)=Old Red Sandstone.
(P.) = Permian.

U.C.S. = Upper Coal Series (Scotland).
U.I.S. = Upper Ironstone Series.
U.L.S. = Upper Limestone Series.
L.C.S. = Lower Coal Series.
L.I.S. = Lower Ironstone Series.
L.L.S. = Lower Limestone Series.
C.S. = Calciferous Sandstone Series.

Airdrie (C.) ; pits in U.C.S. ; Cypridina, fish, plants, etc.

Alton Burn, 1^ m. N. of Galston (C.) ; Serpulites, etc.

Annbank, pits near (C.) ; Linyula, Carbonicola, etc., in U.C.S.

Annicklodge, 1| m. E.S.E. of Moiitgreenaii (C.) ; in oil-shale in U.C.S. ;

Anthracosaurus, and fish-remains.
Annick Water, 2 m. N.E. of Stewarton (C.) ; L.L.S.
Arden, near Thornliebank (C.) ; U.L.S. ; cement-limestone workings ;

Estheria, Athyns with spiral arms, etc.
Ardrossan, S. shore-section (C.) ; L.I.S.
Arran, near the Cock (P.) ; derivative fossils in conglomerate.

„ Cock ; on shore (C.) ; Mariopteris, etc.

„ Corrie (C.) ; shore-section with marine fossils.

„ ,, (C.) ; quarry ; P. gicjanteus, etc., in L.L.S.

„ Fallen Rocks ; Calamites.

„ Glen Shurig (O.R.S.) ; Psilophyton.

„ Maol Donn, N. side (C.) ; Calamites, etc.

„ Merkland Burn, If m. N. of Brodick (C.) ; Carbonicola, etc.

„ Millstone Point ; Calamites.

„ Salt Pans (C.) ; shore-sections, fossils common in U.L.S.

„ Salt Pans, N.E. shore (C.) ; fine Anthracite coal-field extending under
the sea in L.C.S.

„ Sliddery Water-head (C.) ; Carbonicola, Lepidostrobus, Megalichthys,ztc.
Arthurlie, \ m" S. of Barrhead (C.) ; burn section.

558 LOCALITIES FOR OLD RED SANDSTONE

Aiichenbeg, near Coalburn (C.) ; TJ.L.S. ; Dithyrocaris. Leda, Mytilus^Kolenopsis,

etc.

Auchencloicb, 2^ m. W. of Kilbirnie (C.); L.L.S.
Auehengree, \ m. S.E. of Kilbirnie, G. & S.-W. By. (C.) ; L.I.S. ; Sphenopt&ris,

etc.
Auchenharvie, W. of Stevenston, pits (C.) ; U.C.S. ; Prestiffickia, Carbonicola,

etc.

Auchenreoch Glen, N.E. of Dumbarton (C.) ; C. S. ; Ballagan limestone group.
Auchenskeith, 2^ in. S.E. of Dairy (C.) ; L.L.S ; Cladochonus, Fistulopora,

Polyrhizodus, etc.

Auchentorlie Glen, Bowling (C.) ; plants with structure in C.S.
Auchenmade, near the Station (C.) ; L.L.S.

Auchenheath (C.) old shale heaps of "Lesmahagow" gas-coals, L.I.S.
Auchinleck, pits near (C.) ; U.C.S.
Auchmeden, 2^ m. E. of Lesmahagow (C.) ; L.L.S.
Auchreen, 1-i- m. E. of Lesmahagow (C.) ; L.L.S.

Auchter Wa~ter, 3 m. E. of Wishaw (C.) ; curly ironstone shale-heaps.
Auldhouseburn, f m. E. of Muirkirk (C.) ; L.L.S.
Avon Water, near Hamilton (C.) ; Sphenopt&ris, etc., in U.C.S.
Ayr Water, 1^ m. S. of Tarbolton (C.); U.C.S. ; hone (snakestone) mine and

quarry, occasional ferns in the honestone.

Baillieston (C.) ; Palaeophalangium, Psilotites, Pecopteris, etc., in U.C.S.
Baldernock Linn, near Lennoxtown (C.) ; estuarine or freshwater limestone

in L.L.S.

Balglass Burn, near Lennoxtown (C.) ; L.L.S.
Balgrochan Burn, near Lennoxtown (C.) ; L.L.S.

Ballagan Burn, near Strathblane (C.) ; C.S, ; Ballagan limestone group.
Ballochmyle, 2 m. E. of Mauchline (C.) ; Spirorbis limestone on N. bank of

Ayr Water in U.C.S.

Bank, 2 m. S.E. of New Cumnock (C.) ; U.C.S.

Banton, near Kilsyth (C.) U.L.S. ; and L.I.S. ; Lepidodendron, fish-remains, etc.
Bargeddie near Shettleston (C.) ; U.C.S. ; Anthracoptera, etc.
Barkip, 3 m. E. of Dairy (C.) ; pits in L.C. and I.S.

Barmulloch, 2^ m. W. of Steps Eoad(C.) ; U.L.S. ; Loxonema, Polyzoa, etc.
Bashaw, 2 m. N.E. of Carluke (C.) ; U.L.S.; shale-heaps from the Gare and

Main limestones.

Beith (C.) ; L.L.S. ; Ulodendron, Psammodus, Cyathophyllum, etc.
Bello Water, 1 m. E. of Lugar (C.) ; Carbonicola, etc., in U.C.S.
Bellshill (C.) ; pits in U.C.S.

Belston Place Burn, l£ to lj m. N. of Carluke (C.) ; U.L.S.
Benhar, 2 m. N. of Fauldhouse (C.) ; crustaceans, etc. ; in slaty band ironstone.
Benston, between Old and New Cummock (C.) ; U L.S. ; corals, etc.
Birkhead, on Caaf Water, 2| m. E. of Dairy (C.) ; conodonts, sponge-spicules,

etc., in L.L.S.

Birkwood Burn, 1^ m. N. by W. of Lesmahagow (C.); L.L.S.
Birkwood Quarry, 2 m. N. of Lesmahagow (C.) ; L.L.S.
Bishopbent, 2| m. S.E. of Carluke (C.) ; opencast working of Raes Gill

ironstone in L.L.S.

Bishopbriggs (C.) ; shale-heaps and railway sections in L.C. and I.S.
Blackcraig, If m. E. of E. Kilbride (C.) ; Lingida shales.
Blackball, 1 m. S.E. of Paisley (C.) ; marine and freshwater ostracoda lime-
stones in L.L.S.

Blackstone, 2 m. N. W. of Paisley (C.) ; pits in L.I. and L.S.
Blackstone, 2£ m. west of Dairy (C.) ; L.L.S.
Blantyre (0.)"; pits in U.C.S.
Boghead, 3 m. N.W. of Lesmahagow (C.); corals, etc., in L.L.S. ; Lonsdaleia,

etc.

AND CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS. 559

Boghead Burn, 2^ m. N.E. of Cronberry (C.) ; limestone, etc.

Boghead, 2 m. W.'of Quarter Eoad (C.) ; Calderwood limestone ; once a good

locality.
Bonibo Burn, at waterfall, 1 m. E. of Dairy (C.) ; rich fossiliferous shale in

U.L.S. ; Serpulites, etc.

Bourrock, 1|- m. N. of Dunlop railway section (C.) ; outlier of L.L.S.
Bowertrapping, 3 m. N.E. of Dairy (C.) : trilobites, etc. ; a good locality in

U.L.S. ; Streptorkynchus, Strophomena, Xaticopsis, etc.
Braehead, -§ mile N. of Eaglesham Road (C.) ; labyrinthodont-remains in a

quarry in L.L.S.

Braid wood (C.) ; main linestone ; Sctccammina, Textularia, etc.
Braidwood Gill, 2 m. S. of Carluke (C.) ; U.L.S. and L.L.S.
Brankumhall, 1 ra. N.E. of E. Kilbride (C.) ; Ure's locality of " Laurieston."
Broadlie, 1-| m. N.W. of Dairy (C.) ; U.L.S. ; Kirkbya, Dentalium, etc., on

side of old railway.
Brockley, If m. N.W. of Douglas (C.) ; banks of Ponniel Water, a good

locality ; ostracoda and foraminifera abundant in shale in L.L.S.
Brock's Hole, 1 m. E. of Carluke (C.) ; U.L.S.

Broadlie Glen, H m. N.W. of Dairy (C.); U.L.S.; rich fossiliferous shale.
Brown tod, 1 m. S.W. of Quarter Road (C.); U.L.S.; Acrolepis, Pleurotomaria,

etc.
Bullerholes, 4 m. N.E. of Kilwinning (C.); U.L.S.; fine section of Index

limestone.
Burn Ann, 1 m. S.E. of Galston (C.); U.C. and L.S. ; Posidonornya, Pteroidtes,

etc., If m. S. of NewmiLls, Carbonicola, etc., in L.L.S.
Burnbrae, near Milton of Campsie (C.); U.L.S.
Burntongues Burn, 2 m. N.W. of Dairy (C.); Lingula shale, ironstone, and

limestone in L.I. and L.S.
Byrehill, Ij m. S. of Stewarton (C.); L.L.S.
Caaf Water, above Giffartland (C.); U.L.S.; volcanic debris with derivative

fossils.
Caaf Water, f m. S.W. of Dairy (C.); middle beds of U.L.S., with a bed

of Product-us latissimus, Beyrichia, etc.
Caaf Water, 150 yards above Giffaitland Mill, 2f m. S.W. of Dairy (C.) ;

shale with fish-remains above shale and limestone.
•Caaf Water, at Drumcastle Mill, and Holms of Caaf, If m. S.W. and W.S.W.

of Dairy (C.); U.L.S.
Caaf Water at Giffartland, 2 m. W.S.W. of Dairy (C.); U.L.S.; limestone and

shale.

Cairn Table Hill, N.W. foot of (C.); old quarries in L.L.S.
Caiderbank, 2 m. S. of Airdrie(C.); A ciculopecten papyraceous, Orthoceras,etc.',

between Kiltongue and Virtuewell coals in U.C.S.

Calderside, near High Blantyre (C.); Janassa, Trigonocarpum, etc., in cement-
shales.

Calder Water, 1^ m. E. of E. Kilbride (C.); limestone and shale.
Calderwood Glen, 2 m. E.N.E. of E. Kilbride (C.); limestone and shale.
Campsie (C.); main limestone ; Camaropkora, etc.
Capelrig, 1 m. N.E. of E. Kilbride (C.); limestone and shale.
Caprington, 2 m. S.W. of Kilmarnock (C.); pits in U.C.S.
Carluke (C.); Cyclus in first calmy limestone ; fish -remains, etc., in roof of

Drumgray coal.

Carmyle (C.); shale-heaps of U.C.S.
Carnbrae (C.); shale-heaps of U.C.S.
Carrick Coast, 5 m. S. of Ayr (O.R.S.).
Cartleburn, 1^ m. N. of Kilwinning (C.); L.L.S.
Castlecary (C.) lime, and ganister pits in U.L.S., Nautilus, etc.
Castlehill, 1 m. N. of Carluke (C.); shale heaps of U.C.S.

560 LOCALITIES FOR OLD RED SANDSTONE

Cessnock Water, 4 m. S.E. of Galston (C.); Spirorbis in C.S.

Chapel, 2 m. S. of Carluke (C.) ; " maggy " ironstone in U.L.S.

Chapel Farmhouse, 2j m. 8. of Carluke (C.); sections on Fiddler's Burn in

L.L.S.

Cleaves Glen, 2 in. S.E. of Dairy (C.); L.L.S.
Cleckhimin, 3i m. S.E. of Carluke (C.); shale heaps of L.L.S.
Cleland (C.); pits in U.C.S.

Cleuch Burn, 4^ m. E.N.E. of Mauchline (C.): limestone, etc.
Climpy, H m. W. of Wilsontown (C.); U.C.S.'
Cloch, near Gourock (C.); fossiliferous shale in C.S.
Clonbeith, 3 m. N.E. of Kilwhming (C.); U.L.S. ; Bairdia, Platycerast

Nucula, Bellerophon, etc.
Coalburn (C.); pits in L.C.S.
Coldgreen Glen, 3 m. S.W. of Kilbirnie (C.); limestone and shale on Paduff

Burn in L.L.S.

Coltpark (C.); quarries in U.L.S.

Corbie Craigs, H ni. N.E. of Waterside (C.); pits, Carbonicola in living posi-
tion in ILLS.

Cot Castle, Stonehouse (C.); Sphenopteris, etc.
Corrieburn, 1^ m. N. of Twechar (C.); limestone, shale, and ironstone in

L.I. and L.S. ; Cauda-galU, etc.; a good locality.
Cowdon Burn, between Neilston and Barrhead(C.); L.L.S.
Coylton (C.); pits, and stream sections, Carbonicola, ferns, etc., in U.C.S.
Craigburn, 2| m. N.N.E. of Douglas (C.); U.L.S.
Craigenglen, 1^ m. S. of Lennoxtown (C.); shale-heaps and burn-section in

L.L.S.; Archaeodiscus, Polyzoa, Gastropods, Lamellibranchs, etc.
Craighall, 3 m. S.W. of E. Kilbride (C.); L.L.S.

Craigie, 3 m. S. of Kilmarnock (C.); L.L.S.; Poterioceras, Entomostraca, etc.
Craigmaddie Moor, 2^ m. N.E. of Milngavie (C.); L.L.S.
Craignethan Glen, near Tillietudlem (C.).

Crawfield, | m. E.N.E. of Kilbirnie, G. & S.-W. Ry. (C.); L.L.S.
Crawfordland Burn, near Crawfordland Castle, 2| m. N.E. of Kilmarnock

(C.); U.L.S.; the only open section for Corophioides polyupsilon, Smith.
Crofthead, near Fauldhouse (C.); shale-heaps.
Crookedstone Muir, 3 m. N. of Strathavon (C.); U.L.S.
Crossflat, near Muirkirk (C.); foraminifera abundant in L.L.S.
Crossford, 2 m. S. of Braidwood (C.); L.L.S. Sphenopteris, etc.
Crosshouse, 2^ m. S.W. of E. Kilbride (C.); L.L.S.
Crosshouse, near the station (C.); shale-heaps of U.C. and I.S. ; Carbonicola,

fish-remains, etc.
Croy, pits near (C.); L.I S.

Cubs Glen, 1 m. S.E. of Lugar (C.); U.L.S.; a great whin sill.
Cunningham-Baidland, 2 m. N.W. of Dairy (C.); sponge-remains abundant in

the upper bed of the L.L.S.; Conocardium, Gastropods, etc.
Dailly, pits near the station (C.); L.C.S.

Daleagles (Daleccles), 3 m. S.W. of New Cumnock (C.); burn-section.
Dalmellington, pits and burn-sections near, (C.); U.C.S.
Dalquharran, near Dailly (C.); pits in L.C.S.
Dairy (C.); abundance of blaze bings mostly from L.I.S. ; Lepidodendron,

Nautilus, Sigillaria, Dadoxylon, Anthracoptera, etc.
Dalserf Burn, near Ayr Road (C.); U.C.S.; fish-remains, etc.
Dalzell (C.); pits in U.C.S.

Darnconnar, H m. N.W. of Lugar (C.); pits in U.C. and I.S.
Darnley, 1 in. S.W. of Kennishead (C.); U.L.S.
Daviland, near Thornliebank (C.); U.L.S.
Dean, 1 m. N.N,E. of Kilmarnock (C.); sections on Crawfordland and Fenwick

burns in U.C. and I.S. ; Beyrichia, fish-remains, etc.

AND CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS. 561

Den, 3 in. N. of Lesmahagow (C.); L.L.S.

Den, 2-t m. N.E. of Dairy (C.); pits in L.I.S.; Gyracanthus, Rhizodus,

Entomostraca, etc.

Dennistoun, Glasgow (C.); fossiliferous shale in street cutting, Goniatites, etc.
Dernshaw, 3^ in. W.S.W. of Stewarton (C.); U.L.S. ; Nautilus, Pleurotomaria ,

Bellerophon, etc.
Diddup, 2 m. N. of Stevenston (C.); thick bed of Arden Cement-limestone in

U.L.S

Dinnans, 2 m. S.E. of Stewarton (C.); U.L.S.

Dockra, Jj m. N. of Barmill (C.); L.L.S. ; Ulocrinus, Psammodus, Poecilodus, etc.
Douglas, pits near, in U.C.S.

Doura, li m. S.E. of Montgreenan (C.); pits in U.C.S.
Draffen, near Stewarton (C.); L.L.S.
Dreghorn, pits near, (C.); Spirorbis ironstone, freshwater limestone, etc., in

U.C.S.

Drongan (C.); pits near, U.C.S.

Drambuie (C.); railway section ^ m. W. of Giffen in U.L.S.
Drumclog, 5 m. E. of Darvel (C.); L.L.S.
Drumpellier at Drumpark, 1^ m. W.S.W. of Coatbridge(C.); marine fossils in

U.C.S.

Dubs, 1 m. S.E. of Barrhjead (C.); Goniatites, Cyrtocems, etc.
Duniflat Burn, 1 m. N.E. of Lugton (C.); L.L.S.
Duntocher, 1 m. N.E. of Dalmuir (C.); L.L.S.

Dykehead, near High Blantyre (C.); cement-shale heaps, polyzoa, crinoids, etc.
Dykes, li m. N.W. of Kilbirnie, Cal. railway (C.); sponge-spicules abundant

in the limestone of L.L.S.

East Burn, N.E. of Stewarton (C.); Palaechinus, Aviculopecten, etc.
East Drumloch, 3 m. S.E. of E. Kilbride (C.); L.L.S.
East Kilbride, (C.); cement-limestone, Anthrapolaemon,Eoscorpiv.s, Palaemysis,

Odontopteris, etc.

Ellismuir, near Baillieston (C.); Cyclotheca, Urnatopteris, etc., in U.C.S.
Faifley, H m. N.E. of Dalmuir (£.); L.L.S.
Fergushill, S. of Montgreenan (C.); pits in U.C.S.
Ferniegair, near the Ey. Station (C.); pits in U.C.S.
Fiddler's Burn, Headsmuir, lj m. E.S.E. of Carluke ; Shales of L.L.S.
Gabrochill, 3 m. N.E. of Dunlop (C.); outlier of L.L.S.
Gallowhi]!, 1^ m. E. of Strathavon (C.); Chiton, bivalves, etc.
Gameshill, l| m. N.W. of Stewarton (C.); L.L.S.; corals, Spirifera, Hetero-

phyllia, ~Cardiomorpha, etc.
Gare, 2 m. N.E. of Carluke (C.) ; a good locality in U.L.S., but heaps

grassed^over ; foraminifera, bivalves, univalves, etc.
Garngad Eoad, and S. of, Glasgow (C.); U.L.S.
Garnkirk (C.); marine limestone and shale.
Garple Water, 1 m. W. of Muirkirk (C.); U.L.S. and L.L.S. in stream ;

sandstone with marine fossils ; Ortonia, Retzia, crinoids, ostracoda, etc.
Garrion Gill, 2^ m. N.N.W. of Carluke (C.) ; shale heaps of Belside ironstone

from U.C.S.

Garscube (C.); pits in L.I.S.
Gas Water, 2 m. E. of Cronberry (C.); L.L.S.
Gateside, Beith (C.); old quarries in L.L.S.; Clisiophyllum, Columnaria, Mich-

elinia, and Car char opsis.

Gateside, 2 m. E.S.E. of Carluke (C.); Eaes Gill ironstone and shales in L.L.S.
Giffartland Burn, 2£ m. W.S.W. of Dairy (C.); outcrop of Dairy clayband

ironstone in L.I.S.

Giffen pit, 1 m. S.W. of Giffen (C.); Xaidites bed above a coal-seam in L.C.S.
Giffnock, 1^ m. S.W. of ry. station, (C.); section of Orchard cement-limestone

on L. and A. railwav.

2N

562 LOCALITIES FOR OLD RED SANDSTONE

Giffnock, Sandstone quarries near, (C.); Knorria, Arenicolites, ferns, etc.
Gill Burn, 3 m. W.S.W. of E. Kilbride (C.); Calderwood cement-limestone.
Gillfoot, 2|- m. S.S.W. of Carluke (C.); Belston Burn limestone and shale ; a
good locality on burn in U.L.S.; Eoscorpius, Thamniscus, Synocladia, etc.
Gillhead Bridge, 2£ m. N.N.W. of Carluke (C) ; Kiltongue musselband in

burn in U.C.S.
Girthill, 2^ m. S.W. of Dairy (C.); ostracoda abundant in shale of U.L.S. ;

bivalves, etc.

Glebe Quarry, E. Kilbride (C.); plants, Dithyrocaris, Sphenopteris, etc., Calder-
wood cement-limestone.

Glenboig, 2 m. E. of Garnkirk (C.); cement-limestone in U.L.S.
Glenbuck (C.); old shale-heaps and limestone quarries of L.I. and L.S.
Glencart, 1^ m. E. of Dairy (C.) ; conodonts, sponge-spicules, gasteropods,

bivalves, etc., in cavities in the limestone of U.L.S.
Glenlogan, 4| m. E.S.E. of Mauchline (C.); U.C.S. and U.L.S.
Glenmore Water, 4^ m. E.S.E. of Cronberry (C.); Cockstail sandstone, etc.
Glenmuir, 3 m. S.Erof Lugar (C.); L.L.S.
Glentagart, 5^ m. S.S.W. of Douglas (C.).
Glespin, 3^ m" S.S.W. of Douglas (C.); U.C.S.
Goldcraig,~2 m. N.E. of Kilwinning (C.); U.L.S.
Goodock Hill, 2 m. N.E. of Omoa (C); pits in U.C.S.
Govan (C.); pits in L.I.S., with Lepidodendron, etc.
Gowanlee, 2 m. N.W. of Dairy (C.); sponge-remains, etc., in L.L.S.
Gowkha' Quarry, 1^ m. S.S.W. of Aucheninade (C.); U.L.S.
Gowkhouse Burn, 2 m. W. of Kilbirnie (C.); outcrop of Dairy clayband iron-
stone, etc., in L.I. and L.S.
Greenhill, 1^ m. N.E. of Omoa (C.); U.C.S.
Greenhill, -| m. E. of Crosshouse (C.); Palaeoxyris, Pygocephalus, Prestwichia,

Euphoberia, Xylobius, etc., in U.C.S.

Gryfe Water, 1 to l£ m. E. of Bridge of Weir (C.); L.L.S.
Guelt Water, 5 m. S.E. of Lugar (C.); L.L.S.
Gurdy, Ry. cutting, 1 m. E. of Glengarnock (C.); impure marine limestone

and shale, and bed of freshwater ostracoda in L.L.S.
Hag Burn, 1^ m. N.E. of Galston (C.); L.L.S.; Aviculopecten, etc.,
Hagshaw Burn, 2 m. S.S.W. of Coalburn (C.); limestone, etc.
Hairmyres, near the station (C); L.L.S.; polyzoa, foraminifera, entomostraca,

etc.

Hall Hill, STT m. N.E. of Lesmahagow (C.); Lingula, etc., in L.C. and I.S.
Hallcraig Bridge, 1^ m. W. of Carluke (C.); Lingula limestone in L.L.S.
Hardcraft, 2 m. N.W. of Dairy (C.); burn-section in U.L.S.
Hareshaw, 2 m. N.E. of Omoa (C.); U.C.S.

Headsmuir, 1^ m. S.E. of Carluke (C.) ; first calmy limestone in L.L.S.
Heads of Ayr (C.) ; volcanic debris with blocks of limestone containing fish-
remains in C.S.

High Dalblair, 4^ m. S.E. of Cronberry (C.) ; outlier of L.L.S.
Highfield, 2 m. N.E. of Dairy (C.) ; U.L.S.; old quarry in Highfield Index

limestone.

High Polwhirter, 1^ m. S.E. of New Cumnock (C.); Alveolites, etc., in U.L.S.
High Smithstone, 2^ m. N.W. of Kilwinning (C.) ; sponge-spicules, bivalves,

univalves, etc. ; good locality in U.L.S.
Hill, 1 m. S. of Lesmahagow (C.) ; L.L.S.
Billhead, 1 m. E. of Carluke (C.) ; Raes Gill ironstone, and Hosie limestone,

in L.L.S.

Billhead, 3 m. N.E. of Steps (C.); U.L.S.
HindogGlen, 2 m. N.W. of Dairy; L.I. and L.S.; Stacheia, Valvulina, Orthis,

Platychisma, etc.
Hole Burn, 6 m. E. of Mauchline (C.) ; limestone, etc.

AND CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS. 563

Horse Island, off Ardrossan (C.) ; occasional plants with structure in volcanic

debris in C.S. ?

Howood, ^ m. N.E. of (C.); Allagecrinus, Syringopora, etc., in L.L.S.
Howrat, 3 m. N.W. of Dairy (C.) ; volcanic debris, with fish-remains and

Stigmaria on top of limestone in L.L.S. ; Solenomya, etc.
Hullerhirst, Ijr m. S.W. of Kilwinning (C.) ; Index limestone, U.L.S. ;

Rhynchonella, Productus, Edmondia, Murchisonia, etc.
Hurlford, pits (C.) ; U.C.S.

Inkerman, 1^ m. W. of Paisley (C.) ; pits in L.I.S.
Irvine, pits E. of (C.) ; U.C.S.
Isle Port, shore section near, 4 m. N.W. of May bole ; conglomerate in

(O.E.S.) with derivative fossils in limestone pebbles.
Itlington, 3 m. S.W. of Dairy (C.) ; U.L.S.
Jerviston, 1^ m. S. of Holy ton (C.) ; U.C.S.
Johnston e, pits N.W. of, (C.); L.I.S.

Jordanhill, 2^ m. W. of Glasgow (C.) ; shale-heaps of L.I.S.
Keirshill, 1 m. S. of Waterside (C.) ; old limestone quarry.
Kennox Water, 4 m. S. of Douglas (C.) ; Gill limestone in U.L.S. ; Cordaites.
Kerelaw (C.), 1 5- m. N. of Stevenston, Index limestone, etc., in U.L.S.
Kerse Glen, 1-J- m. N. of Lesmahagow (C.) ; L.L.S.
Kersland Glen, 1 m. E. of Kilbirnie, G. & S.-W. Ey. (C.) ; limestone and shale

with Sanguinolites costellatus, etc., in L.L.S.
Kilbride, 2 m. W. of Stewarton (C) ; thick seam of Dairy clay band ironstone ;

outcrops in L.I.S.
Kilcadzow, 3 m. E. of Carluke (C.) ; L.L.S. ; Eaes Gill ironstone ; second

calmy and main limestones.

Killoch Burn, 3^ m. S.E. of Galston (C.); mollusca, etc., in C.S.
Kilmaurs, burn section, above village (C.) ; Nautilus, Euomphalus, etc., in

U.L.S.

Kilsyth (C.) ; pits in L.C. and I.S. ; fish-remains, etc.
Kilwinning, pits south of (C.) ; U.C.S.; Sigillaria, Carbonicola ; abundant

fish-remains above Lady Ha' coal.

Kingshaw, 1 m. N.E. of Carluke (C.) ; second Kingshaw limestone in L.L.S.
Kirktonholm, E. Kilbride (C.) ; Calderwood cement-limestone and shale,

Adiantes, etc.

Knightswood, 2^ m. W. of Glasgow (C.); L.C. and I.S.
Laigh Baidland, 2 m. N.W. of Dairy ; fish-remains in L.L.S. ; Cochliodus,

etc.
Laughill Point, 2^ m. S.W. of Ayr (C.) ; fish-remains, entomostraca, plants,

etc., shore-section in C.S.
Langshawr 1 m. S.E. of Carluke (C.) ; Eaes Gill ironstone ; second Kingshaw

limestone, in L.L.S.

Langshaw Burn, 1 m. S.E. of Carluke (C.) ; Lingula limestone in L.L.S.
Langside, Beith (the late Eobert Craig's quarrv); L.L.S.
Larkhall (C.); pits in U.C.S.

Law, 2 m. S.W. of Carluke (C.) ; shale-heaps of U.C.S.
Law, at Cubside, 2-| m. N.W. of Dairy (C.) ; sponge-spicules, chiton plates,

conodonts, gasteropods, bivalves, etc., in L.L.S.
Lee Muir, If m. S.E. of Carluke (C.); Eaes Gill ironstone in L.L.S.
Levenseat, 1 m. from Fauldhouse (C.) ; limestone and shale.
Lickprivick, 2 m. S.W. of E. Kilbride (C) ; Calderwood cement-limestone and

shale.

Limekilnburn, 1 m. W. of Quarter Eoad (C.); U.L.S.
Limekilns, near E. Kilbride (C) ; old shale-heaps.
Linn Spout, 1 m. S.W. of Dairy (C.) ; a thick bed of Arden cement-limestone,

with rich fossiliferous shale under it, and below that a bed with Estheria,

Anomia, Avicula, crustaceans, etc., in U.L.S.

564 LOCALITIES FOR OLD RED SANDSTONE

Lissens, railway cutting, I m. S.W. of Auchenmade (C.) ; occasional plant-
remains showing structure, in volcanic debris in L.C.S.

Little Auchinback, 1 in. S.E. of Barrhead (C.) ; cement-limestone and shale.
Loans, 1 m. E. of Dairy (C.) ; thick bed of Arden cement-limestone in U.L.S.
Longlands, 2^ m. S. of E. Kilbride (C.) ; Calderwood cement-limestone and shale.
Low Dykehead, 2^ m. S.W. of Dairy (C.) ; U.L.S.
Lucknow, 1|- m. S.E. of Stevenston (C.) ; pit-heap, with drifted vegetation in

sandstone, Trigonocarpum, etc., in U.C.S.

Lugar, pits (C.); a bed of Lingula in U.C.^., Crustaceans, Carbonicola, etc.
Lugton Water from Auchentiber to near G. &S.-W. Ry. (C.) L.C.S. ; U.L.S.,

and U.C.S.

Lyelston, 3£ m. N.E. of Kilwinning (C.) ; U.L.S.
Maich Burn, £ to H m. N.W. of Beith, G. & S.-W. Ey. (C.) ; L.C.S., L.I.S.,

and part of L.L.S., with Carbonicola, Linqula, Sanguinolites, etc.
Mansfield Burn, H m. S.S.E. of New Cumnock (C.) ; U.L.S. with bed of

Productus latissimus, etc.
Marsh, 3 m. N.E. of Dairy (C.); once a good locality ; Index limestone in

U.L.S.

Mayfield, 1 m. S.E. of Carluke (C.); shale-heaps of L.L.S.
Mavisbank, 4 m. N.E. of Kilwinning (C.) ; U.L.S.; abundant crinoid-remains

in shale, Archaeocidaris, etc.
Meado\vfoot, 3 m. E. of Darvel (C.) ; L.L.S.
Meikle Bnsbie, 3 m. N. of Ardrossan (C.); plants in C.S.
Middleholm, 2 m. S.W. of Lesmahagow (C.) ; L.L.S.
Mill Burn, ^ m. N.E. of Lennoxtown (C.) ; marine and freshwater limestones

in L.L.S.

Milton Lockhart, f m. S.W. of Carluke (C.); shale-heaps of L.L.S.
Misk, H m. S.E. of Stevenston (C.); microscopic plants in middletonite in

U.C.S. (Trans. Geol. Soc. Glas. vol. x. 169 pi.).

Monkcastle Glen, 2ijr m. N.W. of Kilwinning (C.);- Arden cement-limestone
with conodonts, sponge-spicules, etc., in U.L.S. ; rich fossiliferous shale
under limestone.
Moncur, lj m. E. of Kilwinning (C.) ; U.C.S. with freshwater entomostraca,

and fish-remains.
Morningside(C.); U.C.S.

Mossfoot, 1| m. N. of Auchinleck (C.) ; U.C.S.
Motherwell, pits round (C.) ; U.C.S.
Mount Vernon(C.); Glyptoscorpius, etc., in U.C.S.
Mouse Water, 1 to 1^ m. N.N.E. of Wilsontown (C.); L.L.S.; Vincularia,

Palaeocoryne, etc.

Muirburn, 1^ m. S.W. of Stonehouse (C.); L.L.S.

Muirfoot Burn, 1 m. E. of New Cumnock (C.) ; estuarine shales, etc., in U.L.S.
Muirkirk (C.); pits in L.C.S.
Nellfield Burn, 2 m. S.E. of Carluke (C.) ; L.L.S.
Nethan Water, at Auchenheath (C.) ; old shale-heaps of L.L.S.
Nethercraigs, 2 m. S.S,W. of Paisley (C.) ; L.L.S.
Netherfield, 1 m. E. of Strathavoii (C.) ; L.L.S. ; Zaphrentis, etc.
Netherhouses, 1 m. S. of Caldwell (C.) ; shale-heaps from L.I.S.
Netherton, near Caldwell (C.) ; shale-bings from L.I.S.
Nettlehirst, near Giffen (C.) ; large entomostraca in upper bed of L.L.S. ;

lower bed worked in a quarry ; corals, etc.
Newarthill (C.) ; shale-heaps of U.C.S.

Newfield, 1 m. S.W. of High Blantyre (C.) ; old shale-heaps from cement-
limestone quarry and mine ; polyzoa abundant ; Hydreionocrinus, ?
Edrnondia, Pecten, etc.

Newhouse, 1 m. N.W. of Dairy (C.) ; L.L.S.
Newmains (C.) ; coal-pits in U.C.S.

AND CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS. 565

Newton (C.) ; coal-pits in U.C.S.

North Brae, 1 m. S.E. of Barrhead (C.) ; U.L.S.

Ochiltree, Burnock Water ; Spirorbis limestone in the drift.

Old Cumnock (C.); pits and river-sections near ry. station, in U.C.S. ; Anthra-

comya, etc.

Old Mill, U m. N.W. of Lugton (C.) ; L.L.S.

Orchard (C.) ; old shale-heaps with holothurian-remains, Platycrinus, Uni-
valves, Bivalves, etc., in U.L.S.
Paduff Burn, 2 m. W. of Kilbirnie (C.) ; L.L.S. ; Productus giganteus

in living position, etc.

Palace Craig (C.) ; shale-heaps of U.C.S. ; Estheria.
Patna, pits near (C.) ; L.C.S.
Penbreck, 5| m. S.S.E. of Muirkirk (C.) ; outlier of U.L.S. and L.L.S., the

former with rich fossiliferous shale.

Penyvenie Burn, 1|- m. N.E. of Dalmellington (C.) ; U.C.S. capped by trap.
Pitcon Burn, 2 m. S.W. of Kilbirnie (C.) ; shales, limestones and ironstones,

in L.L. and I.S.

Plan, near Crosshouse (C.) ; heaps from coal and ironstone workings in U.C.S.
Polbaith Burn, 2? m. N. of Galston (C.) ; L.L. and I.S. ; Posidonella, Lingula,

etc.

Polquheys, 1^ m. N. of New Cumnock (C.); U.L.S.; corals, etc.
Polwhannan Burn, 3|- m. S.S.E. of Muirkirk (C.) ; Melonechinus, Productus

giganteus (small var.), holothurian-remains, etc., in outlier of L.L.S.
Possil, N. side of Glasgow (C.); old shale-heaps of L.C. and I.S. ; lihizodus,

Lepidodendron, Lingula, etc.

Powmillan Burn, ^ m. E. of Strathavon (C.) ; rich fossiliferous shale.
Provanhall, 3 m. N.E. of Glasgow (C.) ; pits in U.C.S.
Pundeavon Burn, 1 j m. N.W. of Kilbirnie (C.) ; outcrop of Dairy clay band

ironstone, Lingula shale, and limestone in L.I. and L.S.
Quarter, 1 m. from Quarter Eoad (C.); old shale-bings of U.I.S. ; Anthra-

coptera, Callopristodus, Eyracanthus, Harpacodus, Amphicentnim, etc.
Raes Gill, 2 m. W. of Carluke (C.) ; Volfanania, Pteroplax, Palaeoniscus, Deltodus,

Lingula limestone ; first calmy limestone, Raes Gill ironstone, and Hosie

limestone, in L.L.S.

Rankinston (C.); Carbonicola, plants, etc., in U.I.S.
Bankinston Glen, E. of ry. station (C.) ; Anthracite and free coals in U.C.S. ;

great trap sill.

Eobroyston, 2 m. E.S.E. of Bishopbriggs (C.) ; old shale-heaps of U.L.S.
Rough wood, 1 m. S. of Beith, Cal. Ry. (C.) ; bed with Xaidites, Cyclophyllum,

Rhodocrinus, Spirwbis, Amplexus. etc., in L.L.S.
Ruthergleh (C.) ; pits in U.C.S. ; Cyclopteris, Sphenophyllum.
Rye Water, S. slope of Hindog glen (C.) ; shale and limestone of U.L.S.
Rye Water, escarpment on N. side, 1-| m. N.N.W. of Dairy (C.) ; forami-

nifera abundant in shale in U.L.S.
Rye Water, a little further down than last, and nearly opposite Ryefield ;

fossils in bed of stream in U.L.S.
Saltcoats (C.) ; U.L.S. and U.C.S. on the shore ; bed of Productus latissimus

in the former.

Sculliongour, 1 m. N. of Lennoxtown (C.) ; shale-heaps.
Shettleston (C.) ; pits in U.C.S.

Shielburn, near Benthall (C.) ; L.L.S. ; 2i m. S. of E. Kilbride.
Shotts(C-); pits in U.C.S. ; Pinularia, Carbonicola, Favularia, Sigillaria, etc.
Skaterigg, 2i m. W. of Glasgow (C.) ; L.C. and I.S.
Skitridge Gill, 2 m. S. of Carluke (C.); "maggy" ironstone in U.L.S.
Sorn, 4m. E. of Mauchline (C.); old shale-heaps and river-sections on Ayr

Water in U.L.S.
South Biggart, 1 m. W. of Lugton ; L.L.S. ; Saccammina, etc.

566 LOCALITIES FOR OLD RED SANDSTONE

South Hill, 1 in. S.W. of Lennoxtown (C.) ; shale-heap of L.I.S.

South Shields, 2 m. S.W. of E. Kilbride (C.) ; L.L.S. ; Vmculana, Petalo-

rhynchus, etc.

Springhill, (C.) ; shale-heaps of U.C.S.
Stacklawhill, 3^ m. S.W. of Stewarton (C.) ; U.L.S. ; Murckisonia, Nodosaria,

bivalves, ostracoda, etc.

Stanrigg, Airdrie (C.) ; U.C.S. ; Palaeostachya, Renaultia, Urnatopteris, etc.
Stevenston (C.) ; pits, Prestwichia, Carbonicola, Halonia, Lyginodendron,

Trigonocarpum, etc., in U.C.S.

Stewarton, sections on Annick Water, (C.) ; L.L.S.
Swansie Burn, 2^ m. N.E. of Stewarton (C.); L.L.S.
Swindridgenmir, 3 m. N.E. of Dairy (CL) ; Dentalium, Naticopsis, Euomphalus,.

Loxonema, Murc/iisonia, Macrocheilus, etc.
Swinhill, l£ m. N. by E. of Stonehouse (C.) ; U.C.S. ; with Cardiocarpon,

Megalichtkys, etc.
S win lees, old quarry, 3 m. N.W. of Dairy (C.) ; foraminifera and Melone-

chinus plates abundant in the shale; L.L.S. ; Favosites, Heterophyllia.
Swinlees Glen, 3 m. N.N.W. of Dairy (C.) ; L.I.S.

Teiglam Burn, 1 m. N. by W. of Lesmahagow (C.): L.L.S.; Aviculopecten.
rhirdpart, 2J m. N.W. of Dairy (C.) ; L.L.S.
Thorn, 1 m. N.E. of Carluke (C.) ; Archaeocidaris in disjointed masses in

nodules in L.L.S.
Thornliebank (excavations now closed), rich in fossils, Conularia, Goniatites,

etc., (C.)

Thornton, quarry near Eaglesham Eoad (C.) ; limestone, oolitic nodules, oil-
shale, volcanic ash-bed, etc. ; reptilian remains, etc. ; Leda in L.L.S.
Tibby's House (ruin) 1 m. W. of Muirkirk ; rich shale, Fenestella, etc.
Tillietudlem, pit heaps near (C.); shales from "Lesmahagow" gas-coals in

L.I.S.

Tirfergus Glen, near Campbeltown (C.) ; L.L.S.
Torrance Glen, near E. Kilbride (C.) ; L.L.S.
Torry Glen, Chapelhall (C.); shale with fish-remains in U.C.S.
Troon, S. side of peninsula (C.); Water-of- Ayr hone-stone bed, with occasional

plants, in U.C.S.

Tulloch, 2 m. S.E. of Darvel, (O.E.S.), with Cephalaspis.
Twechar, pits near (C.) ; L.C. and I.S.

Wallaceton, 1 m. N.E. of Dailly (C.); railway section, shales, coals, and lime-
stone, in U.L. and L.C.S.

Warwickhill (C.) ; pits near Springside in U.C.S.
Waterland, near Lugton (C.) ; quarry- and burn-section in L.L.S.; volcanic

ash on top of limestone, with fish-remains and Stigmaria roots ; Cardio-

morpha and Poterioceras.
Watston, 1 m. S.E. of Stonehouse (C.) ; U.C.S. ; Sphenopteris, fish-remains,

etc.

Waukmill, 1^ m. E. of Strathavon (C.); sections on Avon Water in L.L.S.
Waukmill Glen, 1^ m. E.S.E of Barrhead (C.) ; Cyrtoceras, Nucula, Leda, etc.
Waygateshaw, 1^ m. S.S.W. of Carluke (C.); first calmy limestone and Raes

Gill ironstone in L.L.S.

Wemyss Bay (C.) ; Helminthites tracks (?) in sandstone in C.S.
Westerhouse, 3 m. N.N.E. of Carluke (C.) ; Gare limestone ; once a good

locality, but heaps now grassed over, U.L.S.

West George Street, Glasgow (C.); in founds for houses, etc. ; U.L.S.
West Kilbride, railway section (C.) ; footprints, etc., on sandstone in C.S.
Whatriggs, 2 m. N. of Galston (C.) ; L.L.S.
Whitecleuch, 7 m. N.N.E. of Sanquhar (C.) ; outlier of L.L.S.
Whiteinch, W. of Glasgow (C.) ; fossil trees in Victoria Park.
Whitehill, near Airdrie (C) ; Mcgalichthyspygmaeus, etc., in oil-shale in U.C.S.

AND CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS. 567

Whiteshaw Bridge, 1 m. W. of Carluke (C.) ; burn-section in U.L.S.
Whitespot, railway section between Giffen and Glengarnock (C.) ; Naidites bed

above a coal-seam in L.C.S.

Wildshaw, 5 m. S.E. of Douglas (C.) ; outlier of L.L.S.
Wilton, 1 m. S. of Carluke (C.) ; shale-heaps from Eaes Gill ironstone in

L.L.S.

"\Vishaw (C.) ; Sigillaria, etc., in U.C.S.
Woodhill, i m. E. of Crosshouse (C.) ; U.C.S. ; Prestwchia, Belinurus, etc.

(Mammoth remains were got in the "bare" of the quarry.)
Woodside Pits, W. of Glasgow, 1837 (C.) ; Tristychius.
Yuildshiels, 2 m. E. of Carluke (C.) ; burn-section in L.L.S.

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