UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN BIOLOGY APR 91992 FIELD! ANA Zoolog 590.5 FI n .s . O. 47 Feather Mites of the Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart) Complex (Acarina, Pterolichidae) from New World Parrots (Psittacidae) I. From the Genera Ara Lacepede and Anodorhynchus Spix W arren T. Atveo SEP August 31. 1988 Publication 1391 PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Information for Contributors to Fieldiana General: Fieldiana is primarily a journal for Field Museum staff members and research associates, although manuscripts from nonaffiliated authors may be considered as space permits. The Journal carries a page charge of $65 per printed page or fraction thereof. Contributions from staff, research associates, and invited authors will be considered for publication regardless of ability to pay page charges, but the full charge is mandatory for nonaffiliated authors of unsolicited manuscripts. 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Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif., 943 pp. Grubb, P. J., J. R. Lloyd, and T. D. Pennington. 1963. A comparison of montane and lowland rain forest in Ecuador. I. The forest structure, physiognomy, and floristics. Journal of Ecology, 51: 567-601. Langdon, E. J. M. 1979. Yage among the Siona: Cultural patterns in visions, pp. 63-80. In Browman, D. L., and R. A. Schwarz, eds., Spirits, Shamans, and Stars. Mouton Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands. Murra, J. 1946. The historic tribes of Ecuador, pp. 785-821. In Steward, J. H., ed., Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 2, The Andean Civilizations. Bulletin 143, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Stolze, R. G. 1981. Ferns and fern allies of Guatemala. Part II. Polypodiaceae. Fieldiana: Botany, n.s., 6: 1- 522. Illustrations: Illustrations are referred to in the text as "figures" (not as "plates"). Figures must be accompanied by some indication of scale, normally a reference bar. 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Atyeo Research Associate Department of Zoology Field Museum of Natural History Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 Department of Entomology University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602 Accepted for publication September 24, 1987 August 31, 1988 Publication 1391 PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY © 1988 Field Museum of Natural History ISSN 0015-0754 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Table of Contents Abstract 1 ntroduction 1 Methods Study Collection 1 Illustration Preparation 2 Preparation of Specimens for Scanning Electron Microscopy 2 Systematic Formats 2 Abbreviations 2 Measurements 3 rLASSIFICATlON 4 Genus Aralichus Gaud 4 Key to Males of the Aralichus canestrinii Complex from Ara and Anodorhynchus 7 Males with Setae pai Triangular 8 Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart) 8 Aralichus chloropterae Atyeo, new species 11 Aralichus militaris Atyeo, new species . . 12 Aralichus mexicanus Atyeo, new species 13 Aralichus ambiguae Atyeo, new species 14 Males with Setae pai Truncated 14 Aralichus araraunae Atyeo, new species 16 Aralichus manilatae Atyeo, new species 16 Aralichus couloni Atyeo, new species ... 20 Aralichus severae Atyeo, new species ... 2 1 Aralichus nobilis Atyeo, new species ... 22 Aralichus maracanae Atyeo, new species 24 Aralichus anodorhynchi Atyeo, new species 24 \CKNOWLEDGMENTS 25 JTERATURE ClTED 25 3-4. Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart), fe- male, ventral view and dorsal idio- soma 9 5-19. Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart), tritonymph, protonymph, and larva; male termini of A. chloropterae, A. militaris, and A. ambiguae; and par- axial views of tarsi IV of A. canestri- nii, A. chloropterae, A. militaris, A. ambiguae, A. araraunae, A. manila- tae, A. couloni, A. nobilis, and A. ano- dorhynchi 10 20-24. Aralichus couloni, male, dorsal view; and male termini of A araraunae, A. manilatae, A. nobilis, and A. ano- dorhynchi 15 25-32. Scanning electron micrographs of Aralichus canestrinii, male, dorsal aspect, terminal setae, legs I and II, mesal aspect of tarsus IV, and ven- tral opisthosoma; and A. anodorhyn- chi, male, dorsal aspect, dorsal opis- thosoma, and legs I and II 17 33-40. Scanning electron micrographs of Aralichus canestrinii, female, dorsal aspect; male and tritonymph; trito- nymph, dorsal aspect, ventral and dorsal opisthosoma; male, ventral gnathosoma; protonymph, opistho- soma; and larva, opisthosoma 18 41-48. Scanning electron micrographs of Aralichus araraunae, larva and pro- tonymph, opisthosomata; A. canes- trinii, exuviae, larva in protonymph; A. chloropterae, tritonymph; A. am- biguae, larva; and A. anodorhynchi, protonymph, opisthosoma and pro- dorsal area 19 List of Tables List of Illustrations 1-2. Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart), male, ventral view and dorsal idio- soma 1. Gnathosomal measurements of Aralichus canestrinii from larva to adult 6 2. Distances between external and internal scapular setae of the immature stadia of Aralichus militaris and A. mexicanus .... 13 Feather Mites of the Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart) Complex ( A carina, Pterolichidae) from New World Parrots (Psittacidae) I. From the Genera Ara Lacepede and Anodorhynchus Spix Abstract One named and 1 1 new feather mite species of the genus Aralichus Gaud (Pterolichoidea, Pter- olichidae) are (re)described from New World par- rots: A. canestrinii (Trouessart) from Ara macao, A. ambiguae from Ara ambigua, A. araraunae from Ara ararauna, A. chloropterae from Ara chlorop- tera, A. couloni from Ara couloni, A. maracanae from Ara maracana, A. manilatae from Ara mani- lata, A. mexicanus and A. militaris from Ara mili- taris, A. nobilis from Ara nobilis, A. severae from Ara severa castaneifrons, and A. anodorhy nchi from Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus. The ontogenetic se- ries for A. canestrinii is discussed, as are general morphological characters of Aralichus (s.l.). Introduction Atyeo and Perez for Old World mites. Distigme- sikya Atyeo et al. and Avenzoariurus Atyeo, taxa related to the aforementioned genera, were estab- lished for new species taken from New World par- rots. In a series of papers, I plan to revise the New World genus Aralichus in which I (conserva- tively) estimate there are 50 species. These species represent at least six distinct morphotypes, and each morphotype represents a species complex. The complexes and their associated host genera have been listed, but the complexes have not been defined (Perez & Atyeo, 1986; Faccini & Atyeo, 1986). The first revision will be the Aralichus ca- nestrinii (Trouessart) complex; this first part in- cludes one named and 1 1 new species from the avian genera Ara Lacepede and Anodorhynchus Spix. In addition, the ontogenetic series of this species complex will be discussed for the first time. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, E. L. Trouessart, often in collaboration with P. Megnin or J. Favette, described many taxa of feather mites from the world avifauna, including 5 1 species of pterolichids from parrots. Of these, 1 4 New World and 22 Old World species were assigned (either originally or subsequently, e.g., Dubinin, 1956) to Protolichus (s.l.) Trouessart. Recently, new higher level taxa have been es- tablished or redefined that include 1 6 of the 36 Trouessart et al. species: Aralichus Gaud and Echinofemur Atyeo and Perez for New World mites; and Aterolichus Gaud, Atopolichus Gaud, Mesolichus Trouessart, and Uropsittacolichus Methods Study Collection I have approximately 1,125 collections taken by examining 2,575 museum study skins of New World parrots plus samples taken from field-col- lected parrots in Mexico. Each collection contains all mites taken from a single study skin. In some instances a collection contains no more than 20 mites; in other collections there may be hundreds or even thousands of specimens representing nu- merous feather mite taxa. ATYEO: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII The collections represent at least one sample from all extant New World parrots except one species of Anodorhynchus, one of Ara, one of Pyr- rhura Bonaparte, two of Touit Gray, and one species of Amazona Lesson. In addition, we have examined many skins of extinct species and have obtained excellent collections from the Carolina parakeet. Illustration Preparation The species in the Aralichus canestrinii complex are similar. Differences are best observed in the opisthosomata and tarsi IV of males, and the hys- terosomal ornamentation of immatures. To illus- trate these differences, line drawings of male ter- mini and tarsi IV are presented. For females, sem micrographs illustrate ornamentation, which is in the form of pits on the hysterosomal shield and polygons on the prodorsal shield (fig. 33). For im- matures, of which I had few specimens, sem mi- crographs are employed to show types of orna- mentation and terminal spines (e.g., figs. 41-48). In males and most females, pits cover the hys- terosomal shield (figs. 25, 29, 33); in the line draw- ings, these are represented by small circles (e.g., fig. 2). Drawings were prepared with a Wild-Heer- brugg M-20 phase contrast microscope with draw- ing tube. Preparation of Specimens for Scanning Electron Microscopy Feather mites tend to remain on the host after death. When bird skins are prepared in the field, they are usually wrapped, thereby trapping the mites and killing them by desiccation. A portion of the mite fauna on a museum study skin can be recovered, especially from the wing and tail feath- ers and some of the larger coverts. This is ac- complished by briskly agitating these feathers and collecting everything that is dislodged. Mites and debris are placed in 70% etoh; later, the mites are removed, cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner, and mounted on sem stubs. A Philips 505 scanning electron microscope was used for these studies. For good scanning electron micrographs, properly fixed materials are needed. However, in this study, the parrot hosts are en- dangered species and/or not available to us alive so that the ectoparasites could be removed and fixed. Consequently, I used specimens from mu- seum study skins. The skins and the mites taken from them are often over 100 years old but this is of no consequence, as age does not destroy the external skeletons of these small arthropods. There are disadvantages to this collecting tech- nique. First, and most important, I seldom re- cover mites that inhabit the smaller feathers of the body and wings, therefore samples are biased. Sec- ond, the specimens are usually distorted because of desiccation; often, setae may be broken or miss- ing. The micrographs evidence this poor specimen condition, but at the same time demonstrate im- portant character-states. Systematic Formats Key Format— Characters for the key to males are those easiest to discern, namely, shapes of ma- jor setae, distances between major setae, dimen- sions of certain setae, and the overall lengths and widths. The different character-states are illus- trated. A key to females has not been prepared, as species differences among this sex are primarily measurements, and these are not amenable to keys. Species Format— The (re)descriptions of the one named and 1 1 new species are based on available series. Because the taxa are very similar, descrip- tions, by necessity, include numerous measure- ments (see Measurements below). In the type data sections, the sequence of information is as follows: the host species, the locality given in descending order, the numbers and life stages of the specimens examined, the date the bird specimen was col- lected, the collector, and (in parentheses) the acces- sion number for the bird skin followed by the accession number of the mite collection. If there are materials other than the types, in- formation is abbreviated— host name, country from which the bird was originally collected, and numbers of specimens examined. Full collecting data is not deemed necessary, as the hosts may occur in large geographical areas and, unless oth- erwise shown, it is assumed that the host species will have the same acarofauna throughout its range. Proposed Names— The etymology will not be given in each description, as proposed names de- rived from the host names are obvious. Abbreviations Each collection from an individual bird carries two accession numbers. One is the number of the FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY bird skin from which a collection is taken, the other is the accession number for the mite collec- tion. Both numbers are carried on the data label. The abbreviations for accession numbers are: Akademii nauk SSSR, Leningrad (las) American Museum of Natural History, New York (amnh) British Museum (Natural History), London (bmnh) Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (fmnh) Trouessart Collection, Paris (trt) Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (unam) University of Georgia, Athens (uga) National Museum of Natural History, Wash- ington, D.C. (nmnh) Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio (ysu) Collection of J. Gaud, Nice, France (gaud) Specimens field-collected by the author (tmp) Measurements Signatures for idiosomal chaetotaxy follow Atyeo and Gaud (1966); signatures for the chaetotaxy and solenidiotaxy of the legs follow Grandjean's system as applied by Griffiths (1964) for Acarus siro (L.). Measurements are in micrometers. Mor- phometric data from the idiosomata are given as mean ± standard error, observed limits (ol), and the number of specimens (N); if the number of specimens is less than 10, only the mean and ob- served limits will be given (except table 2). Lengths of leg segments are given as observed limits, as variation is usually small; if one or more speci- mens have extremely large segments, these will be noted after the appropriate measurement in pa- rentheses. The approximately 10,000 measurements of slide-mounted specimens reflected intraspecific variation and specimen distortion. Structures sub- ject to the least distortion, that is leg segments and setae inserted on sclerotized shields, were deemed as excellent candidates for morphometric studies. However, legs tend to be angled dorsoventrally, and setal positions in the canestrinii complex are quite variable. Measurements and problems en- countered are discussed below. 1 . Total length, male: from palpal apices to ends of membranous lobes subtending setae d5. 2. Total length, female: from palpal apices to bases of setae d5. 3. Idiosomal width: distance between humeral setae; that is, immediately anterior to trochanters III. These mites are dorsally convex. In slide prep- aration, if too much pressure is exerted on the coverslip, the mites are flattened and the (appar- ent) widths are increased; similarly, the (apparent) lengths can be increased by stretching the flexible sejugal region. There is a dilemma because, for proper leg orientation, specimens must be rather flat. The best estimates of lengths and widths are probably from the lower observed limits to the means. 4. Gnathosoma: width at the widest point, length from palpal apices to base at meson. There are two types of distortions. First, the basis capitulum is fused with the heavily sclero- tized anterior epimerites; as the gnathosomal base is crushed, it is difficult to differentiate the scler- otizations of the gnathosoma and coxae. Second, the palpi in repose are angled from their bases toward the meson; with distortion, the palpi tend to be parallel to the meson, that is, the measure- ment of length is increased. To compensate for this type of distortion, the normal position is es- timated and a measurement taken. 5. Distances between idiosomal setae: distances between members of the same pair are measured center-to-center; distances between rows of setae are measured as the vertical distance (i.e., parallel to the meson) between the rows. 6. Distances between setae of the male terminal lobes: distances d5:d5 and 15:15 indicate the width of the terminal cleft; depending on the species, the lobes may be quite widely separated due to prep- aration, but by examining a series, the normal configuration can be visualized. The vertical distance between setae d3 and pai is measured to the anterior margin of the pai al- veolus; pai:d5 is measured from the posterior mar- gins of the two alveoli, as is the distance d5:l5. 7. Male terminal cleft height: the vertical dis- tance between the lobe apices and the most an- terior part of the cleft. In some species, the ventral tegument tends to fold rearward, thus changing the cleft configuration. Usually when this occurs, the apex of the cleft will not be a smooth arch, but rather a straight line or a rounded projection into the cleft. 8. Setal lengths: from base to tip; however, longer setae may vary considerably for these mea- surements. Longer setae become finer and finer ATYEO: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII toward their tips; whether the tips are broken is almost impossible to ascertain. Setae that are coarsely serrate are irregular in shape; longer ter- minal serrations may be broken or not formed. Thus, lengths of female setae 14 and pai may not be consistent within a species due to these factors. 9. Male setae pai: length is the greatest vertical distance (parallel to the meson) from the most anterior portion to the termination. If these setae are large, they may not be fully extended and an erroneous measurement can be taken. 10. Leg segment lengths: lengths of the femora, genua, and tibiae of the legs are measured from (dorsal) articulation to (dorsal) articulation par- allel to the long axis of the segment. Tarsal lengths are to the tarsal apex. It is not common to have all leg segments in the same focal plane. When this does occur, the legs are usually oriented so that a lateral aspect is pre- sented. Even in the most ideal position, there are difficulties in delimiting each segment, as one is in essence measuring the sclerotized wall of the segment and an articulation may include the dor- sal surface of one segment overlapping the base of the next segment. Lastly, the tips of the tarsi are flexible, creating errors in the measurements. Much of the "intraspecific" variation for leg seg- ments is probably due to measuring error. In blind tests and in remeasuring the same individuals, a difference of one measuring reticule scale unit (= 1.96 nm) was not uncommon. Consequently, only the observed limits for leg segments are given; as can be seen, differences between observed limits are small. Classification Family Pterolichidae Trouessart and Megnin Subfamily Pterolichinae Trouessart and Megnin The Pterolichinae is a large, diverse group of feather mites associated with many groups of non- passeriform birds. Each of the 4 1 named and 20 unnamed genera is associated with one family of birds; however, a family of birds can have asso- ciates of more than one genus. A case in point would be parrots, a worldwide group supporting all species of 1 1 genera of pterolichines. Further- more, all members of each parrot-associated genus or species group within a genus are restricted to the New World, Africa, or Indo-Australia. Neither the subfamily Pterolichinae nor the genus Arali- chus has been revised; therefore, keys and detailed diagnoses have never been produced. In this and following papers, species groups of Aralichus will be diagnosed and, in the final paper of the series, keys and a diagnosis of the genus Aralichus will be given. Genus Aralichus Gaud Aralichus Gaud, 1966: 121. Type species: Pterolichus (P.) canestrinii from Ara macao (L.) (by original designation). Major References— Gaud (1966), Perez and Atyeo (1984a, 1986). Diagnosis of the Canestrinii Complex— Gnathosoma triangular with width greater than length, basis capitulum with strong internal scler- otizations posterolaterally. Prodorsal shield divid- ed, with or without reticular ornamentation, in- ternal vertical setae not extending to apices of palpi, external scapular setae short and fine, internal scapulars shorter and usually with greater diam- eters than external pair, strong internal scleroti- zations between coxae I and II and posterior to coxae II. Dorsal hysterosoma with undivided shield, with variously sized pits or glabrous, setae 11 short and simple, setae d4 absent. Venter with epimerites I free or connected by weak commis- sure. Legs subequal, legs III and IV positioned sublaterally; femora, genua, and tibiae of legs I and II with weakly developed apicoventral spines. Male— Widely separated terminal lobes with- out terminal membranes, setae pai triangular or truncated with two dorsal vanes (illustrated as veins), setae d3 near lobe bases, setae d5 setiform to basally expanded, setae 15 and pai at approxi- mately the same level, setae 13 simple or with small basal branch, adanal discs with sclerotized and multidentate corollae, posterolateral internal sclerotizations to level of anterior margins of ad- anal discs, tarsus IV with setae d and e as small pegs. Female— Hysterosomal shield entire, setae 14 and pai as short serrated leaves or setiform, setae d5 about one-half to two-thirds length of 15, pre- genital apodeme short, sperm pore on small ter- minal projection. General Morphology— A few generalizations about the morphology of Aralichus (s.l.) and the related genera Distigmesikya and Echinofemur. In adults, the external scapular setae are reduced in FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY length and diameter; the resultant structures are short, fine setae. The internal scapulars are more varied: at one extreme they are small, fine micro- setae; at the other end of a continuum, these setae can be long, thick, and sometimes branched (e.g., Distigmesikya). The internal vertical setae are of moderate length in A. canestrinii; however, in re- lated taxa they can be expanded as elongate leaves and can extend well beyond the palpal apices (e.g., Echinofemur). Larvae and nymphs have progressively larger setae // and h. Each // curves dorsad following the curvature of the idiosoma; a small basal branching may be present or absent. The humeral setae are usually directed laterad; in some taxa they grad- ually curve dorsad so that the tips of the setae are above the level of the idiosomal dorsum. In males, setae near the posterior idiosomata have many configurations. Setae 13 are erect and may be simple or have a short basal branch. Setae 14 usually resemble a feather on an arrow, that is, from the seta proper, there is a unilateral leaflike expansion; the "feather vane" is directed dorso- lateral (fig. 26). In microscopic preparations setae 14 may appear as simple thickened setae or as narrow leaflike setae (e.g., fig. 2). Setae 15 are long and simple or rarely long and leaflike. Setae d5 are simple, or with basal leaflike expansions of various shapes (figs. 20, 23-24). Finally, setae pai have many leaflike shapes; they have in common one or two thin dorsal crests which appear as veins under light microscopy (compare fig. 2 with figs. 25-26, 29-30). In females, the terminal setae are of two forms, simple or as small, serrated leaves. Setae 15 and d5 are simple; 15 is long, d5 may be long or short. Both 14 and pai are short and may be setiform or expanded distally into small leaves which have various types of points or serrations (figs. 4, 33). In slide preparations these setae have a tendency to roll up lengthwise in such a fashion as to appear as a thickened setae with small terminal branch- ings. The last generalization concerns the pretarsi. Ambulacra II-I V in Aralichus and related taxa and pretarsi I-IV in Protolichus have small teeth on the outer (distal) margins. Ambulacra I of the Ara- lichus complex are apically asymmetrical with three to four small, fingerlike projections of decreasing sizes on the distal margins. Ontogenetic Series— The dorsal and lateral idiosomata are more heavily sclerotized than the venters. The prodorsal shields of immatures are developed anterior to the scapular setae; their pos- terior margins may have large, shallow pits that appear as irregular polygons with light microscopy (fig. 48); these pits are most developed in the later instars. In some larvae there may be small, weakly developed pits; in others, pits are apparently ab- sent. In immatures, the dorsal tegument posterior to the scapular setae has wide parallel elevations or ridges separated by thinner, irregular channels or "striae" (e.g., figs. 41-48). In Aralichus nobilis, n. sp., the "striae" are not irregular, but straight lines. In some species, e.g., A. canestrinii, the tegumental ridges may be weakly developed or absent in the area delineated by setae d3-4 (figs. 38-39); in other species, e.g., A. araraunae, n. sp., the ridges in this region are well developed (figs. 41-43). If present, the most spectacular modification of the idiosoma are rows of spines along the pos- terolateral margins, spines whose origins are the elevated tegumental ridges separated by striae. There are a number of observable conditions: the ridges may form well-developed spines (figs. 35- 36), small spines (figs. 42, 46), appear as blunt tubercles (fig. 47), or be absent. The venter has a normal striation pattern (fig. 36). The developmental chaetotaxy of the idiosoma is the same as described for Proctophyllodes pari (Atyeo & Braasch, 1 966) except that setae d4 are always absent. Within the A. canestrinii complex and related taxa, the immatures have well-devel- oped external scapular setae as found in most other Pterolichidae adults. The positioning of these setae in the various instars divides the canestrinii com- plex into two groups. In the majority of the species, the scapular setae are posterolateral to the pro- dorsal shield in all life stages. In canestrinii and the new species chloropterae, ambiguae, and mex- icanus, these setae are equidistant in the larvae (figs. 7,41); but in each nymphal instar the external scapulars shift more toward a position between legs I and II, culminating in the tritonymph, in which the external scapulars are far lateral of the prodorsal shield (figs. 5, 35). Most dorsal hysterosomal setae are positioned as in Figures 5-7. The levels of d3 relative to 13 vary between and among the species. Setae d3 may be about midway between the opisthonotal gland and 13 to closer to 15 than to 13, i.e., dorsoterminal. Within each species, there are two positions for setae d3, one more anterior than the other; this may be an expression of sexual dimorphism. In the few pharate males (I have no pharate fe- males), d3 is always in the more anterior of the two possible positions. Nymphs have setae 14 and ATYEO: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII Table 1. Gnathosomal measurements (in nm) of Aralichus canestrinii from larva to adult. Stage A B C Larva 59 48 41 Protonymph 84 67 49 Tritonymph 110 82 61 Adult Male 137 100 65 Female 141 102 73 A = Width basis capitulum, B = total length, C = width at palpal bases. pai as small serrated leaves or as simple setae. Setae 15 are long and setae d5 may be short (about 25 jum) or one-third to three-quarters the length of/5. In some of the canestrinii group the larvae and nymphs have a distinct pygidial region which un- der light microscopy is heavily sclerotized (com- pare figs. 5-7 with 38-40). There is no correlation between the presence or absence of this region and the placement of the external scapular setae. The gnathosomata of larvae are almost quad- rate, those in adults triangular. From the larva to the adult, there is a proportionately greater in- crease in width than in length. To illustrate, using Aralichus canestrinii as an example, three mea- surements will be used: the width of the basis ca- pitulum at the widest point, the width at the bases of the palpi (to illustrate progressive change in the basis capitulum from almost rectangular in the larva to triangular in the adult), and the length of the gnathosoma from the base to the palp apices (Table 1). Legs and I and II have apicoventral apophyses on the femora, genua, and tibiae. These are weakly developed in the larvae; with each instar, these structures are more pronounced until their ulti- mate condition is reached in the adults (figs. 27, 3 1 ). The apophyses of the femora may be distally toothed (figs. 27, 31) (not always obvious in mi- croslide preparations); those on the genua each bear vG distally, and those on the tibiae are usu- ally simple. The development of the ventral apophyses is equal in males and females of all species except Aralichus anodorhynchi, n. sp., in which the males have each apophysis of the genua and tibiae extended into a distinct spine (fig. 31). I have not been able to identify cupules in the immatures, even with sem. In adults these struc- tures are small and often expressed as small, cir- cular depressions in heavily sclerotized areas. I assume that they are present in the immature stages. Biology— I have never collected live mites from species of Ara or Anodorhynchus. From the numbers of specimens obtained from museum skins, I can assume that these species live on the wing feathers. This assumption is bolstered by bi- ological studies on a species of the canestrinii com- plex from Aratinga holochlora (Sclater) in Mexico. These mites are on the ventral surfaces of the sec- ondaries and inner primaries in the channels formed by adjacent barbs. Immatures may enter exuviae of their species for molting (fig. 44). For a discussion of this phe- nomenon of thanatochresis, see Perez and Atyeo (1984b). There has always been speculation on the food of feather mites living on the surfaces of feathers. Fungal spores have been observed in the guts of a few mites, and it was believed that oils from the uropygial glands are ingested. Feathers heavily in- fested with feather mites have been examined un- der the scanning electron microscope, but damage could never be detected. During the biological studies mentioned above, I observed for the first time small particles of feathers in the foreguts; these particles were formed into spherical boli in the hind gut. This was observed in freshly mount- ed specimens; however, two or three days after preparation, the feather particles were no longer visible. In the past I have always allowed slides to dry before examining them— and so I have missed opportunities to discover that feather par- ticles are ingested. Hosts— All hosts for mites of the genus Arali- chus are New World parrots. Forshaw (1978) as- signed all of these parrots to the family Psittacidae, subfamily Psittacinae, but according to him this subfamily has both New and Old World represen- tatives. A second classification was proposed by Wolters ( 1 975), in which he places these same par- rots in a number of subfamilies of the Psittacidae but restricts the Psittacinae to Old World species. Wolters, 1975 Forpinae Aratinginae Brotogeryinae Amazoninae Triclariinae Pionitinae (Psittacinae, Old World) (Coracopinae, Madagascar) Forshaw, 1978 Psittacinae (in- cludes Old World taxa) FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Species of the Aralichus canestrinii species com- plex are known only from genera of the Aratin- ginae, Pionitinae, and the Amazoninae (sensu Wolters). Relationships— The relationships of A. canes- trinii complex to Distigmesikya, Echinofemur, other Aralichus (s.l.) species groups, and to the New World species of Protolichus Trouessart are undetermined. Character-states used to define feather mite taxa are, at least in part, adaptations to life on feathers. The (apparently) same struc- tural modifications can be found in mites assigned to different genera, families, and superfamilies as- sociated with both non-passeriform and passeri- form birds. Some convergences are explainable, e.g., ventral spines and excrescences on legs are for maintaining positions; enlarged legs III and/or IV of males are to hold nymphs and females; ter- minal lobes bearing variously modified terminal setae are presumably used to align the aedeagus with the minute female sperm pore; variously modified and elongated setae may be for orien- tation on feather surfaces; and so forth. The immatures of all taxa have not been ex- amined; however, from the information on hand, Protolichus species may be characterized as having thin, evenly striated dorsal tegument, whereas Aralichus and the aforementioned related taxa may be characterized in part by having broadly spaced and irregular striae (figs. 45-48). Key to Males of the Aralichus canestrinii Complex from Ara and Anodorhynchus 1 . Total length greater than 545 nm; posterior margins of setae pai as a point (figs. 8-10) or truncated (figs. 21, 24) 2 Total length less than 485 nm; posterior margins of setae pai truncated (figs. 20, 22) 8 2. Posterior margins of setae pai as a point 3 Posterior margins of setae pai truncated 7 3. Mean total length greater than 595 ^m (ol = 570-640); mean total length of setae pai greater than 107 ium (ol - 102-120); mean distance between setae d5 greater than 214 nm (ol = 201-247) 4 Mean total length 566 nm (ol = 547-586); mean length of setae pai 99 /mi (ol = 94-104); mean distance between setae d5 197 nm (ol = 181-205) militaris, n. sp. 4. Terminal cleft height greater than 99 urn (ol = 100-108) 5 Mean terminal cleft height 95.8 nm (ol = 92-98) chloropterae, n. sp. 5. Seta d on tarsus IV dorsal at mid-length of segment (figs. 11-14) 6 Seta d on tarsus IV dorsolateral, inserted distal to mid-length of segment (fig. 15) ambiguae, n. sp. 6. Terminal cleft as smooth arch (as in fig. 9) mexicanus, n. sp. Terminal cleft with sinuous margins (fig. 2) canestrinii (Trouessart) 7. Setae pai expanded anterior of setal base to level of setae 14; setae d5 leaflike (fig. 24) anodorhynchi, n. sp. Setae pai not expanded anterior of setal base; setae d5 setiform (fig. 21) araraunae, n. sp. 8. Hysterosomal shield with distinct pits; distance between pair dl Vy-lh distance between pair d2 9 Hysterosomal shield glabrous; distance dl :dl equal or greater than distance d2:d2 nobilis, n. sp. 9. Setae d5 expanded basally, leaflike 10 Setae d5 setiform manilatae, n. sp. 10. Setae d5 S-shaped, almost symmetrical (fig. 20) 11 Setae d5 not S-shaped, strongly asymmetrical (base wider than in fig. 23) . . . maracanae, n. sp. 1 1 . Length greater than 460 Mm; width greater than 265 fim severae, n. sp. Length less than 445 ^m; width less than 255 /im couloni, n. sp. ATYEO: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII 300/xm #£18i* d2i o i Figs. 1-2. Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart), male: 1, ventral view; 2, dorsal idiosoma. Abbreviations: ih, im cupules; cxl-4 = coxal setae; dl-5, 11-5 = dorsal and lateral hysterosomal setae; h = humeral setae; pae, pai external and internal postanal setae; see, sci = external and internal scapular setae; sh = subhumeral setae; vi internal vertical setae. Males with Setae pai Triangular Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart). Figures 1-7, 1 1, 25-28, 32-40, 44. Lectotype (here designated): Male, Trouessart Col- lection, Paris, slide number 35 I 2. Type host: Ara macao (L.). Type locality: South America. Pterolichus (P.) Canestrinii Trouessart, 1885, pp. 115- 1 16; Trouessart and Megnin, 1885, pp. 22-23. Pterolichus (Eupterolichus) canestrinii: Canestrini and Kramer, 1899, p. 38. Pterolichus canestrinii: Favette and Trouessart, 1 904, p. 124; Radford, 1958, p. 136. Protolichus canestrinii: Dubinin, 1956, p. 304. Aralichus canestrinii: Gaud, 1966, p. 121, fig. 3. Diagnosis— Male setae pai triangular and less than 107 jum in length, terminal cleft with sinuous margins, setae 15 narrowly lanceolate and straight, setae d on tarsi IV dorsal. Description— Male— Length 598 ± 2.4 (ol = 571-640, N = 39); width 336 ± 1.3 (ol - 324- 355, N = 34). Gnathosoma: 99.0 ± 0.4 (ol = 96.0- 105.8, N = 38) x 136.6 ± 0.7 (ol = 129.7-147.0 N = 38). Prodorsum: Ornamentation well devel- oped; see. see 130.9 ± 1.0 (ol = 1 19.6-147.0, N = 39); sciisci 44.2 ± 1.0 (ol = 39.2-52.9, N - 39). Hysterosoma: Setae pai triangular, not expanded anterior to insertion; setae d5 narrowly lanceolate, not S-shaped; measurements: dl:dl 69.8 ± 1.3 (ol = 49.0-86.2, N = 39): d2:d2 139.6 ± 1.5 (ol = 119.6-156.8, N = 39); d3:d3 118.4 ± 1.0 (ol FTELDIANA: ZOOLOGY 300/xm Figs. 3-4. Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart), female: 3, ventral view; 4, dorsal idiosoma. Abbreviations: im, ip = cupules; cxl-4 = coxal setae; dl-5, 11-5 - dorsal and lateral hysterosomal setae; pae, pai = external and internal postanal setae. 105.8-133.3, N = 39); d5:d5 214.4 ± 1.4 (ol = 200.5-243.0, N = 36); 15:15 222.3 ± 1.1 (ol = 208.2-250.7, N = 36); dl\d2 74J ± 1.1 (ol - 64.7-82.3, N - 38); d2:d3 177.6 ± 0.8 (ol = 164.6- 192.1, N = 38); dl:d3 252.4 ± 0.8 (ol = 239.1- 264.6, N = 38); d3:pai 42.5 ± 0.5 (ol = 37.2- 50.9, N = 38); pai:d5 44.4 ± 0.5 (ol = 39.2-50.9, N = 38); I5:d5 44.2 ± 0.6 (ol = 37.2-54.9, N = 37); 13 72.6 ± 1.1 (ol = 62.7-84.3, N = 31); pai 108.6 ± 0.6 (ol = 103.9-1 19.6, N = 34); terminal cleft 104.6 (ol = 100.0-107.9, N - 7). Legs: An- terior legs with apicoventral apophyses moderate- ly developed (fig. 27), setae d on tarsi IV inserted dorsal (fig. 1 1); measurements (femur to tarsus): I, 54.9-58.8 (60.8), 52.9-56.8, 47.0-50.9, 64.7- 68.6 (72.5); II, 60.8-66.6, 54.9-58.8, 52.9-54.9 (56.8), 82.3-90.2(90.1); III, 39.2^*5.1, 52.9-56.8, 45.1^9.0, 82.2-90.2; IV, 39.2-43.1 (45.1), 56.8- 62.7, 49.0-52.9, 92.1-96.0 (101.9). Female- Length 635 (ol = 617-644, N = 6); width 348 (ol = 332-355, N = 6). Proterosoma and legs as in male. Gnathosoma: 106.2 (ol = 103.9-1 1 1.7, N = 6) x 148.0 (ol = 141.1-154.8, N = 6). Prodorsum: sceisce 138.7 (ol = 133.3- ATYEO: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII Figs. 5-19. 5-7, Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart), tritonymph, protonymph, larva. 8-10, Male termini: A. chlo ropterae(S),A. militaris (9), and A. ambiguae (10). 11-19, Paraxial views of tarsi IV: A. canestrinii (1 1), A. chloropterae (12), A. militaris (13), A. ambiguae (14), A. araraunae (15), A. manilatae (16), A. couloni (17), A. nobilis (18), A anodorhynchi ( 1 9). Abbreviations: dl-5, 11-5 = dorsal and lateral hysterosomal setae; pai = internal postanal setae 144.1, N = 6); sciisci 46.4 (ol = 41.2-50.9, N = 6). Hysterosoma: Setae 14, pai leaflike with coarse- ly serrated margins; dl:dl 64.8 (ol = 58.8-70.6, N = 6); d2:d2 141.4 (ol = 131.3-150.9, N = 6); d3:d3\\1.6(o\.= l07.S-l25A,N = 6);dl:d2S7.S (ol = 84.3-92. 1, N - 6); d2:d3 1 33.0 (ol = 1 23.5- 10 143.1, N = 6); d3:d5 156.2 (ol = 147.0-170.5 N = 6); dl:d5 378.3 (ol = 360.6-386.1, N = 6); 13 57.2 (ol = 52.9-60.8, N = 5); 14 25.8 (ol = 23.5-29.4, N = 6); pai 18.4 (ol = 17.6-21.6, N = 5). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 54.9-60.8, 54.9-56.9, 49.0-50.9, 66.6-70.6; II, 64.7-68.6, 56.8-58.8, FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY 50.9-54.9, 86.2-92.1; HI, 43.1-45.1, 54.9-60.8, 49.0, 88.2-96.0; IV, 49.0-54.9, 68.6-70.6, 54.9- 58.8, 111.7-117.6. Type Material— From Ara macao: SOUTH AMERICA: lectotype 6, 2 66, 2 22 paralectotypes, no other data (trt slide no. 35 I 2); 2 66, 1 2 paralectotypes, no other data (trt slide no. 35 H 16); 3 66, 7 22 paralectotypes, no other data (2 trt slides, no numbers). All types are in the Trouessart Collection, Paris. Additional Material— From Ara macao: NICARAGUA: 14 66, 4 22, 5 TNN, 5 PNN, 6 LL, and exuviae of 14 TN, 5 PN, 1 L. HONDURAS: 3 66, 1 2, 1 PN. COSTA RICA: 9 66, 1 L. PAN- AMA: 3 66. COLOMBIA: 17 66, 3 22 (2 collec- tions). Discussion— Relationships— The males of Ar- alichus canestrinii and the new species chloropter- ae, ambiguae, mexicanus, and militaris each have large, triangular setae pai and long, basally lan- ceolate setae d5; seta d of tarsus IV is inserted dorsally. Tritonymphs of the first four named species have the external scapular setae widely sep- arated and inserted dorsal between trochanters I and II; tritonymphs of A. militaris have the ex- ternal scapulars inserted at the posterolateral cor- ners of the prodorsal shield. Differences between the species are by measurements, the variations of the shapes of setae pai, configurations of the terminal clefts, and hosts. Measurements of leg segments of an exception- ally large male are given in parentheses in the de- scription. Illustrations are based on specimens from Colombia. Aralichus chloropterae Atyeo, NEW SPECIES. Figures 8, 12, 45. Holotype: Male, Field Museum of Natural History. Type host: Ara chloroptera (G. R. Gray). Type locality: Orope, Tachira, Venezuela. Diagnosis— Male setae pai triangular and great- er than 107 nm in length; setae d5 lanceolate, ter- minal cleft with sinuous margins and less than 99 Mm in height; setae d on tarsi IV dorsal. Description— Male — Length 596 ± 2.9 (ol = 578-619, N = 20); width 346 ± 2.3 (ol = 328- 359, N = 1 8). Gnathosoma: 99.5 ± 0.4 (ol = 96.0- 101.9, N = 12) x 138.6 ± 0.7 (ol = 133.3-145.0, N = 20). Prodorsum: Ornamentation well devel- oped; sce:sce 132.8 ± 1.2 (ol = 1 19.6-147.1, N = 20); sci:sci 46.1 ± 0.8 (ol = 38.2-52.9, N = 20). ATYEO: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII Hysterosoma: Setae pai triangular, not expanded anterior to insertion; setae d5 narrowly lanceolate, not S-shaped; measurements: dl.dl 76.1 ± 2.4 (ol = 54.9-96.0, N = 20); d2:d2 141.5 ± 2.1 (ol = 123.5-160.7, N = 20); d3:d3 120.7 ± 1.1 (ol = 109.8-127.4, N = 20); d5:d5 231.7 ± 1.2 (ol = 223.6-246.7, N = 18); 15:15 233.9 ± 1.2 (ol = 227.6-243.0, N - 18); dl:d2 75.8 ± 1.6 (ol = 64.7-92. 1 , N = 20); d2:d3 179.1 ± 1.4 (ol - 1 68.6- 194.0, N = 20); dl:d3 254.9 ± 2.5 (ol = 235.2- 278.3, N = 20); d3:pai 43.5 ± 0.7 (ol = 39.2- 49.0, N = 20); pai:d5 42. 1 ± 0.6 (ol = 39.2-47.0, N = 20); I5:d5 42.0 ± 0.7 (ol = 38.2-50.9, N = 20); 13 73.4 ± 1.3 (ol = 66.6-86.2, N = 15); pai 108.6 ± 0.7 (ol = 101.9-1 15.6, N = 19); terminal cleft 95.8 (ol = 92.1-98.0, N = 8). Anterior legs with apicoventral apophyses moderately devel- oped (as in fig. 27), setae d on tarsi IV inserted dorsal (fig. 12); measurements (femur to tarsus): I, 52.9-60.8, 52.9-54.9, 47.0-50.9, 68.6-72.5; II, 58.8-64.7, 54.9-58.8, 50.9-54.9, 86.2-90.2; HI, 39.2-43.1, 52.9-58.8, 45.1-47.0, 84.3-90.2; IV, 39.2-41.2, 56.8-62.7, 49.0-52.9, 92.1-96.0 (101.9). Female-Length 633 ± 2.2 (ol = 6 17-648, N = 17); width 356 ± 2.0 (ol = 339-370, N = 15). Proterosoma and legs as in male. Gnathosoma: 107.0 ±0.6(ol= 101.9-1 11.7,N= 18) x 145.5 ± 1.3 (ol = 131.3-152.9, N = 17). Prodorsum: see: see 139.6 ± 2.1 (ol = 1 17.6-150.9, N = 18); sci: sci 48.3 ± 1.4 (ol = 39.2-62.7, N = 17). Hyster- osoma: Setae 14, pai leaflike with coarsely serrated margins; dl.dl 72.9 ± 1.8 (ol = 62.7-88.2, N = 17); d2:d2 143.6 ± 2.1 (ol = 131.3-164.6, N = 1 5); d3:d3 110.7 ± 1.5 (ol = 98.0-121.5, N = 16) dl:d2 91.5 ± 1.2 (ol = 82.3-98.0, N = 18); d2 d3 130.2 ± 2.3 (ol = 1 13.7-152.9, N = 18); d3 d5 159.5 ± 2.4 (ol = 137.2-172.5, N = 17); dl d5 381.5 ± 3.3 (ol = 358.7-405.7, N = 17); 13 55.2 ± 1 .6 (ol = 4 1 .2-64.7, N = 1 7); 14 22.2 (ol = 19.6-23.5, N = 6); pai 16.0 (ol = 13.7-19.6, N = 6). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 54.9-64.7, 52.9-56.8, 46.0-49.0, 66.6-72.5 (82.3); II, 66.6, 56.8-58.8, 54.9, 92.1-94.1; HI, 39.2-49.0, 54.9-60.8 (62.7), 45. 1^*9.0, 88.2-98.0 (107.8); IV, 43. 1-49.0, 64.7- 74.5, 52.9-58.8, 103.9-117.6. Type Data (only adults as types)— From Ara chloroptera (G. R. Gray): VENEZUELA: Tachira: Orope, holotype 6, 5 66, 2 22, 7 March 1908, N. Dearborn (fmnh 34,368; uga 1 1,384) and 2 66, 8 March 1908 (fmnh 34,367; uga 11,383); Delta Amacuro: Piacoa, 2 66, 1 2, 22 January 1932, E. R. Blake (fmnh 81,440; uga 1 1,385); San Mateo de Caicara, 4 66, 4 22, 1 L, 23 May 1905, G. K. 11 Cherrie (amnh 178,137; uga 10,339). COLOM- BIA: Arauca: Rio Arauca, 1 6, 2 22, 2 April 1959, K. von Sneidern (fmnh 161,082; uga 1 1,380) and 2 22, 30 March 1 959 (fmnh 26 1 ,080; uga 1 1 ,382); Bojaba, 1 6, 3 TNN, 16 March 1959, K. von Snei- dern (fmnh 261,081; uga 1 1,381); Antioquia: Rio Cauca, Puerto Valdivia, 3 66, 1 2, 19 December 1914, Miller and Boyle (amnh 133,009; uga 10,338); Cuturu, 2 TNN, 3 PNN, 4 August 1947, K. von Sneidern (fmnh 190,745; uga 11,379). BOLIVIA: (?E1 Beni), 10 km W San Pedro, 2 66, 2 22, 15 September 1965, collectors unknown (amnh 819,197; uga 10,341). BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Chapada, 3 66, 3 22, 2 TNN, 19 October 1883, H. H. Smith (amnh 34,525; uga 10,342). Paratypes are deposited in amnh, fmnh, gaud, LAS, NMNH, TRT, UGA, UNAM. Discussion— Relationships —Aralichus canes- trinii and this new species are very similar. The only consistent difference between the males is the configuration of the terminal cleft. In canestrinii, the distances between setal pairs 15 and d5 are, respectively, 222 and 214 /jm (ol = 208-251 and 200-243); the cleft height measured from the lobe apices to the sclerotized cleft apex is 1 04 (im. (ol = 100-108); in chloropterae the same structures are 234, 232, and 96 urn (ol = 228-243, 224-247, and 92-98). One male and one female had some quite large leg segments; these are given in parentheses in the description. Aralichus militaris Atyeo, NEW SPECIES. Fig- ures 9, 13. Holotype: Male, deposited at Field Museum of Nat- ural History. Type host: Ara m. militaris (L.). Type locality: Marcapata, Cuzco, Peru. Diagnosis— Male setae pai triangular and less than 1 04 nm in length, the terminal cleft is a smooth arch between 92 and 102 /wn in height, setae d5 are lanceolate, and setae d on tarsi IV are dorsal. Description— Male — Length 566 ± 2.5 (ol = 547-586, N = 17); width 328 ± 1.7 (ol = 316- 339, N = 17). Gnathosoma: 90.9 ± 0.5 (ol = 88.2- 94.1, N = 17) x 128.0 ± 1.1 (OL - 1 19.6-137.2, N = 17). Prodorsum: Ornamentation well devel- oped; sce:sce 121.3 ± 1.7 (ol = 107.8-135.2, N = 17); scv.sci 44.6 ± 1.0 (ol = 37.2-52.9, N = 17). Hysterosoma: Setae pai triangular, not expanded anterior to insertion; setae d5 narrowly lanceolate, not S-shaped; measurements: dl:dl 68.9 ± 1.6 (ol = 58.5-80.4, N = 16); d2:d2 123.4 ± 2.5 (ol 107.8-143.1, N = 17); d3:d3 112.2 ± 1.3 (ol = 101.9-119.6, N = 17); d5:d5 197.1 ± 1.6 (ol = 181.3-204.5, N = 17); 15:15 212.9 ± 1.5 (ol = 200.5-223.6, N = 17); dl:d2 81.3 ± 1.8 (ol = 70.6-94.1, N= 17); d2:d3 172.5 ± 1.4 (ol= 160.7- 184.2, N = 17); dl:d3 254.9 ± 2.1 (ol = 241.1- 274.4, N = 17); d3:pai 41.5 ± 0.7 (ol = 37.2- 45.1, N= 17); pai:d5 42 A ± 0.7 (ol = 35.3-49.0, N - 17); I5:d5 41.2 ± 0.5 (ol = 39.2-45.1, N = 17); 13 66.3 ± 1.2 (ol = 60.8-72.5, N = 10); pai 98.8 ± 0.6 (ol = 94.1-103.9, N = 17); terminal cleft 94.7 ± 0.7 (ol = 92.1-101.9, N = 16). Legs: Anterior legs with apicoventral apophyses mod- erately developed (as in fig. 27); setae d on tarsi IV inserted dorsal (fig. 1 3); measurements (femur to tarsus): I, 50.9-56.8, 50.9-54.9, 43.0-47.0, 62.7- 68.6; II, 54.9-58.8, 52.9-54.9, 47.0-50.9, 78.4- 84.3; III, 35.3-39.2, 50.9-54.9, 43.1-47.0, 80.4- 88.2; IV, 37.2-41.2, 56.8-60.8, 45.1-49.0, 88.2- 92.1. Female -Length 600 (ol = 594-601, N = 5); width 325 (ol = 305-336, N = 5). Proterosoma and legs as in male. Gnathosoma: 94. 1 (ol = 92. 1- 98.0, N = 5) x 132.5 (ol = 125.4-139.2, N = 5). Prodorsum: sce:sce 123.7 (ol = 1 17.6-129.4, N = 5); scksci 46.5 (ol = 43.1-49.0, N = 5). Hyster- osoma: Setae 14, pai leaflike with coarsely serrated margins; dl:dl 75.5 (ol = 66.6-86.6, N = 5); d2:d2 126.6 (ol = 121.5-135.2, N = 5); d3:d3 112.5 (ol = 101.9-1 19.6, N = 5); dl:d2 85. 1 (ol = 80.4- 88.2, N = 5); d2:d3 137.2 (ol = 129.4-147.0, N J 5); d3:d5 142.3 (ol = 135.2-149.0, N = 4); dl:d5 364.6 (ol = 358.7-370.4, N = 5); 13 75.6 (ol -j 43.1-49.0, N - 4); 14 19.6 (N = 2); pai 17.6 (ol = 15.7-19.6, N = 2). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 50.9- 54.9, 50.9-52.9, 45.1-49.0, 66.6-68.6; II, 54.9- 58.8, 52.9-54.9, 49.0-50.9, 84.3-90.2; III, 39.2- 40.1, 54.9-56.8, 47.0-50.9, 83.3-88.2; IV, 41.2- 45.1, 64.7-66.6, 50.9-54.9, 94.1-103.9. Type Data (only adults as types)— From Ara m. militaris: PERU: Cuzco: Marcapata, 6 holo- type, 8 66, 5 22, 3 TNN, 1 PN and 1 L cast skin, 28 May 1949, C. Kalinowski (fmnh 208,166; uga 1 1,507); Ucayali: Fundo Cinchona (= Huanuco = Fundo Sinchona), 8 66, 1 TN, 7 September 1922, J. T. Zimmer (fmnh 59,540; uga 11,509). Para- types are deposited in fmnh, gaud, uga, unam. Discussion— Relationships— The adults of this new species occur on Ara m. militaris. Aralichus mexicanus, a related and somewhat larger species, is known from a host subspecies from Mexico. In additions to differences in general size, the heights 12 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Table 2. Distances (in nm) between the external (see) and internal (set) scapular setae of the immature stadia of Aralichus militaris and A. mexicanus. Species N sceisce sciisci Stage X ± SE OL X ± SE OL TN mexicanus 17 187.5 ± 2.2 175.2-203.8 33.2 ± 0.7 29.4-39.2 militaris 7 106.2 ± 3.2 92.1-115.6 28.0 ± 1.2 21.6-31.4 PN mexicanus 6 94.4 ± 1.8 90.2-102.9 26.3 ± 0.7 24.5-29.4 militaris 6 76.4 ± 0.9 72.5-78.4 24.2 ± 2.3 21.7-27.4 L mexicanus 4 67.4 ± 1.7 62.7-70.6 21.3 ± 1.5 19.6-26.6 militaris 5 59.4 ± 1.3 55.9-62.7 20.0 ± 1.3 17.6-25.5 se = Standard error, ol = observed limits, tn = tritonymph, pn = protonymph, l = larva. of the male terminal clefts are useful in separating these species: militaris, 92-102 /xm, and for mex- icanus, 100-108 Mm. There are obvious size differences between the adults of Aralichus militaris and A. mexicanus, but between A. militaris, A. canestrinii, and A. chlo- ropterae, these differences are not as pronounced. However, immatures of the species being de- scribed are quite distinct from those of the four described above, in that the external scapular setae of the tritonymphs are inserted near the postero- lateral angles of the prodorsal shield rather than in the interspace above trochanters I and II. Using the mite species from the subspecies of Ara mil- itaris as the illustration, the external scapulars are more distant in all stages of Aralichus mexicanus than in Aralichus militaris (Table 2). Aralichus mexicanus Atyeo, NEW SPECIES. Holotype: Male, deposited at American Museum of Natural History. Type host: Ara militaris mexicana (Ridgway). Type locality: Los Pefias, Jalisco, Mexico. Diagnosis— Male setae pai triangular and great- er than 102 ^im in length, setae d5 straight, ter- minal cleft smooth and 100-108 ixm in height, setae d on tarsi IV dorsal. Description— Male — Length 604 ± 4.6 (ol - 571-632, N = 12); width 344 ± 2.1 (ol = 332- 355, N = 1 1). Gnathosoma: 96.5 ± 0.7 (ol - 92. 1- 100.0, N= 12) x 135.1 ± 1.1 (ol= 127.4-141.1, N = 11). Prodorsum: Ornamentation well devel- oped; sce:sce 128.7 ± 2.3 (ol = 1 13.7-137.2, N = 12); sci:sci 44.6 ± 1.5 (ol = 37.2-52.9, N = 12). Hysterosoma: Setae pai triangular, not expanded anterior to insertion; setae d5 narrowly lanceolate, not S-shaped; measurements: dl.dl 62.7 ± 1.3 (ol = 58.8-68.6, N = 1 1); d2:d2 1 20.5 (ol - 88.2- 133.3, N - 8); d3:d3 123.2 ± 2.0 (ol = 107.8- 133.3, N = 12); d5:d5 219.7 ± 0.2 (ol = 200.5- 227.6, N = 12); 15:15 226.8 ± 0.4 (ol = 215.9- 235.3, N= 12); dl:d2 81.5 ± 2.1 (ol = 72.5-92.1 N = 12); d2:d3 188.0 ± 2.7 (ol = 176.4-203.8 N = 11); dl:d3 268.9 ± 4.0 (ol = 248.9-288.1 N = 1 1); d3:pai 45.7 ± 0.6 (ol = 39.2-49.0, N = 12); pai:d5 45.2 ± 0.8 (ol - 41.2-50.9, N - 12); I5:d5 46.1 ± 0.8 (ol = 41.2-50.0, N = 12); 13 73.8 (ol = 54.9-88.2, N = 8); pai 107.2 ± 1.4 (ol = 98.0-113.7, N = 12); terminal cleft 103.2 (ol = 100.0-107.9, N = 9). Legs: Anterior legs with ap- icoventral apophyses moderately developed (as in fig. 27); setae d on tarsi IV inserted dorsal; mea- surements (femur to tarsus): I, 53.8-58.8, 50.9- 54.9, 47.0-49.0, 64.7-66.6; II, 58.8-64.7, 54.9- 56.8, 53.8-55.8, 84.3-90.2; III, 39.2-41.2, 54.9- 60.8, 45.1-49.0, 86.2-90.2 (94.1); IV, 39.2^15.1, 58.8-62.7, 47.0-50.9, 92.1-101.9. Female-Length 641 (ol = 632-648, N = 5); width 355 (ol = 347-362, N = 5). Proterosoma and legs as in male. Gnathosoma: 105.4 (ol = 103.9-105.8, N = 5) x 145.8 (ol = 141.1-147.0, N = 5). Prodorsum: sce.sce 136.0 (ol = 127.4- 141.1, N = 5); sctsci 42.7 (ol = 39.2-47.0, N = 5). Hysterosoma: Setae 14, pai leaflike with coarse- ly serrated margins; dl.dl 65.9 (ol = 58.8-74.5, N = 5); d2:d2 126.2 (ol = 1 13.7-139.2, N = 5); d3:d3 109.8 (ol = 105.8-1 1 5.6, N = 5); dl:d2 86.6 (ol = 80.4-92. 1,N = 5); d2:d3 141. 7 (ol= 127.4- 149.0, N = 5); d3:d5 154.1 (ol - 143.1-168.6, N = 5); dl:d5 381.2 (ol = 376.3-392.0, N = 5); 13 50.2 (ol = 43.1-56.8, N = 5); 14 20.9 (ol = 19.6-21.6, N = 3); pai 15.2 (N = 2). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 50.9-58.8, 54.9, 49.0-50.9, 49.0-50.0, 66.6-74.5; II, 60.8-64.7, 56.8-58.8, 50.9-54.9, 86.2-88.2; III, 41.2-47.0, 56.8-60.8, 47.0-49.0, 88.2-94.2; IV, 49.0-52.9, 69.6-72.5, 54.9-60.8, 113.7-117.6. Type Data (only adults as types)— From Ara militaris mexicana: MEXICO: Jalisco: Los Pefias, ATYEO: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII 13 <5 holotype, 9 66, 4 99, 12 TNN, 5 PNN, 4 LL, 7 TN exuviae, 4 PN exuviae, 26 April 1909, P. I. Osburn (amnh 393,339; uga 10,316); locality un- known, 2 <5<5, 1 9, 1902, G. F. Breniger (fmnh 12,735; uga 1 1,502); Southern Sinaloa: 2 LL, no date, J. H. Batty (amnh 92,84 1 ; uga 1 0,3 1 7). Para- types are deposited in amnh, fmnh, uga, unam. Discussion— Relationships— This is the last species in a cluster of four closely related species characterized in part by attributes of the nymphal instars, that is, widely separated external scapular setae. Aralichus mexicanus and A. mil i tar is, n. sp., are from the military macaw, the former species from Mexico, the latter species from Peru. The adults of these two Aralichus species differ in gen- eral size, with mexicanus being the larger. Aralichus ambiguae Atyeo, NEW SPECIES. Fig- ures 10, 14, 46. Holotype: Male, deposited at American Museum of Natural History. Type host: Ara ambigua (Bechstein). Type locality: Limon, Costa Rica. Diagnosis— Male setae pai triangular and great- er than 102 |zm in length, terminal cleft sinuous and 102-108 nm in height; setae d5 straight, setae d on tarsi IV dorsal. Description— Male — Length 608 ± 2.4 (ol = 586-636, N = 25); width 346 ± 1.6 (ol = 332- 362, N = 25). Gnathosoma: 99.2 ± 0.5 (ol = 96.0- 103.9, N = 25) x 138.1 ± 0.6 (ol = 133.3-145.0, N = 25). Prodorsum: Ornamentation well devel- oped; sce:sce 136.3 ± 1.0 (ol = 127.4-147.0, N = 25); scr.sci 47.2 ± 0.6 (ol = 41.2-51.9, N = 25). Hysterosoma: Setae pai triangular, not expanded anterior to insertion; setae d5 narrowly lanceolate, not S-shaped; measurements: dl.dl 66.2 ±1.4 (ol = 54.9-84.3, N = 25); d2:d2 1 50.0 ± 1 .4 (ol = 121.5-154.8, N - 25); d3:d3 125.9 ± 1.4 (ol = 113.7-135.2, N = 24); d5:d5 231.1 ± 2.0 (ol = 212.2-250.7, N = 22); 15:15 236.7 ± 1.5 (ol = 219.9-250.7, N = 23); dl:d2 81.4 ± 0.9 (ol = 74.5-88.2, N = 25); d2:d3 182.8 ± 1.2 (ol= 172.5- 196.0, N = 25); dl:d3 263.8 ± 1.3 (ol = 254.8- 282.2, N = 25); d3:pai 46.7 ± 0.6 (ol = 39.2- 52.9, N = 24); pai:d5 46.8 ± 0.6 (ol = 43. 1-54.9, N = 25); I5:d5 46.7 ± 0.7 (ol = 39.2-52.9, N = 25); 13 64.7 ± 1.0 (ol = 56.8-74.5, N = 16); pai 109.6 ± 0.7 (ol = 101.9-1 17.6, N = 25); terminal cleft 103.6 (ol = 101.9-107.9, N - 7). Anterior legs with apicoventral apophyses moderately de- veloped (as in fig. 27); setae d on tarsi IV inserted dorsal (fig. 14); measurements (femur to tarsus): I, 54.9-60.8, 54.9-58.8, 49.0-52.9, 68.6-74.5; II, 60.8-66.6, 58.8-62.7, 54.9-59.7, 83.4-94.1 (98.0); III, 41.2^15.1, 54.9-59.7, 49.0-52.9, 88.2-96.0 (101.9); IV, 39.2^3.1, 60.8-63.6, 50.9-54.9, 98.0- 103.9. Female-Length 658 ± 3.8 (ol = 644-686, N = 10); width 354 (ol = 324-370, N = 9). Proteroso- ma and legs as in male. Gnathosoma: 106.9 ± 0.9 (ol = 103.9-1 1 1.7, N = 10) x 146.6 ± 1.3 (ol = 141.1-154.8, N = 10). Prodorsum: sce.sce 141.5 ± 1.9 (ol= 133.3-152.9, N= 10); sa:sri 50.0 ± 1.0 (ol = 45.1-55.9, N = 10). Hysterosoma: Setae 14, pai leaflike with coarsely serrated margins; dhdl 69.2 ± 1.5 (ol = 60.8-78.4, N = 10); d2:d2 145.0 ± 3.3 (ol = 131.7-168.6, N = 10); d3:d3 117.6 ± 2.4 (ol = 103.9-127.4, N = 10); dl:d2 97.5 ± 1.7 (ol = 88.2-103.9, N = 10); d2:d3 140.7 ± 2.3 (ol = 133.3-158.5, N = 10); d3:d5 156.8 (ol - 147.0-172.5, N = 9); dl:d5 393.7 (ol = 376.3- 407.7, N = 9); 13 45 A (ol = 43.1-54.9, N = 9); 14 21.2 (ol = 17.6-23.5, N = 9); pai 16.1 (ol = 1 1.8- 19.6, N = 9). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 56.8-58.8, 56.8-58.8, 49.0-50.9, 72.5-76.4; II, 64.7-68.8, 58.8-60.8, 52.9-56.8, 92.1-94.1; III, 41.2-45.1, 58.8-60.8, 47.0-50.9, 92.1-98.0; IV, 50.9-54.9, 70.6-74.5, 56.8-60.8, 113.7-117.6. Type Data (only adults as types)— From Ara ambigua: COSTA RICA: Limon: 6 holotype, 5 66, 1 9, 28 December 1924, Austin-Smith (amnh 389,257; uga 10,320). PANAMA: Bocas del Toro: Almirante, 1 6, 1 9, 4 July 1927, R. R. Benson (amnh 247,345; uga 10,321). NICARAGUA: Matagalpa: (?Savala), 5 66, 6 99, 7 TNN, 9 PNN, 9 October 1907, W. B. Richardson (amnh 102,433; uga 10,318); Matagalpa, 7 66, 2 99, 1 TN, 3 PNN, 3 TN exuviae, 8 September 1904, W. B. Richard- son (amnh 474,252; uga 10,319). Paratypes are deposited in amnh, fmnh, gaud, las, trt, uga, UNAM. Discussion— Relationships— The males of Ara- lichus ambiguae, A. mexicanus, and A. canestrinii are approximately the same size. However, the females of A. ambiguae are distinctly larger than the other two species; the lower limit of 644 ^m for total length is equal to or greater than the upper limits for A. mexicanus and A. canestrinii. Males with Setae pai Truncated The remaining taxa are more easily character- ized than A. canestrinii and closely related species. 14 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY A 200/xm B 300jum Figs. 20-24. 20, Aralichus couloni, male, dorsal view. 21-24, Male termini: A. araraunae (21), A. manilatae (22), A. nobilis (23), A. anodorhynchi (24). Abbreviations: ih = cupule; d3-5, 13-5 = dorsal and lateral hysterosomal setae; pai = internal postanal setae. Scale A = Figures 20, 22-23; scale B = Figures 21, 24. Males of the following species have setae pai trun- cated rather than triangular, and a few of the species have pai expanded anterior to the setal bases (figs. 20, 23). Setae d5 are lanceolate, or expanded ba- sally into an almost symmetrical "S" configuration (fig. 20) or into strongly asymmetrical setae (fig. 23). Setae d of tarsi IV are positioned dorsolat- eral^ rather than dorsally. Females are similar to A. canestrinii. The immatures have the scapular setae positioned as in A. militaris, usually rows of spines along the terminal edge of the idiosomata, and setae d5 short (about 25 nm) to more than ATYEO: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII 15 half the length of setae 15. Patterns on the prodorsal and hysterosomal shields are varied, from absent to well developed. Aralichus araraunae Atyeo, NEW SPECIES. Fig- ures 15,21,41-43. Holotype: Male, deposited at American Museum of Natural History. Type host: Ara ararauna (L.). Type locality: Rio Tuira, El Real, Panama. Diagnosis— Male setae pai apically quadrate, not expanded anterior to setal base; setae d5 se- tiform (narrowly lanceolate); total length 570-595 Description— Male— Length 584 ± 1.2 (ol = 570-594, N = 16); width 317 ± 1.7 (ol - 308- 332, N = 16). Gnathosoma: 98.5 ± 0.3 (ol = 96.0- 101.9, N= 15) x 124.5 ± 1.0 (ol = 117.6-131.3, N = 16). Prodorsum: Ornamentation well devel- oped; sce:sce 1 17.5 ± 1.0 (ol = 107.8-127.4, N = 16); sciisci 39.3 ± 0.8 (ol = 31.4-44.1, N = 16). Hysterosoma: Setae pai truncated, not expanded anterior to insertion; setae d5 setiform (narrowly lanceolate), not S-shaped; measurements: dl:dl 71.3 ± 1. 6 (ol = 62.7-88.2, N= 16); d2:d2 137.1 ± 2.0 (ol = 125.7-149.0, N = 13); d3:d3 134.4 ± 1.6 (ol = 126.4-147.0, N = 16); d5:d5 183 ± 0.8 (ol = 161.9-212.2, N = 15); 15:15 202.9 ± 2.0 (ol= 189.0-219.9, N = 15); dl:d2 85.7 ± 1.1 (ol = 78.4-92.1, N= 15); d2:d3 158.5 ± 1.5 (ol = 147.0-168.6, N = 15); dl:d3 244.2 ± 1.7 (ol = 235.2-256.8, N = 15); d3:pai 41.8 ± 0.6 (ol = 36.3-45.1, N = 16); pai:d5 53.7 ± 0.7 (ol = 49.0- 56.8, N = 16); I5:d5 37.7 ± 0.5 (ol = 35.3^11.2, N = 16); 13 105.4 ± 1.7 (ol = 94.1-113.7, N = 11); pai 100.6 ± 0.8 (ol = 96.0-105.8, N = 15); terminal cleft 102.2 ± 0.8 (ol = 100.2-107.9, N = 1 6). Legs: Anterior legs with apicoventral apoph- yses moderately developed (as in fig. 27); setae d on tarsi IV inserted dorsolateral (fig. 15); mea- surements (femur to tarsus): I, 54.9-60.8, 53.8- 58.8, 47.0-50.9, 68.6-72.5; II, 60.8-62.7, 61.7- 62.7, 54.9-58.8, 90.2-94.1; III, 41.2-45.1, 54.9- 56.8, 45.1^7.0, 88.2-90.2; IV, 45.1-47.0, 56.8- 58.8, 49.0-50.9, 98.0-100.0. Female-Length 621 (ol = 617-625, N = 4); width 324 (316-332, N = 4). Proterosoma and legs as in male. Gnathosoma: 102.9 (101.9-103.9, N = 4) x 131.2 (ol = 129.4-133.2, N = 4). Pro- dorsum: sce:sce 124.0 (ol = 121.5-125.4, N = 4); sciisci 37.7 (ol = 35.3-41 .2, N = 4). Hysterosoma: Setae 14, pai leaflike with coarsely serrated mar- gins; dl:dl 67.6 (ol = 62.7-76.4, N = 4); d2:d2 1 35.2 (ol= 129.4-1 39.4, N = 4); d3:d3 9 1.1 (ol = 84.3-98.0, N = 4); dl:d2 108.3 (ol = 105.8-1 1 1.7, N = 4);d2:d3 111.7 (ol- 101.9-1 17.6, N = 4); d3:d5 152.9 (ol = 147.0-162.7, N = 4); dhd5 372.9 (ol = 366.5-384.2, N = 4); 13 70.6 (N = 2); 14 28.8 (ol = 23.5-33.3, N = 3); pai 19.1 (ol I 17.6-19.6, N = 4). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 52.9- 54.9, 56.8-58.8, 47.0-49.0, 72.5-74.5; II, 62.7- 64.7, 60.8, 52.9-54.9, 88.2-94.1; III, 43.1-45.1, 58.8-60.8, 43.1, 94.1-96.0; IV, 52.9-54.9, 66.6- 70.6, 54.9-56.8, 117.6-121.5. Type Data (only adults as types)— From Ara ararauna: PANAMA: Darien: El Real, Rio Tuira, holotype <3, 4 <33, 3 22, 21 January 1915, W. B. Richardson (amnh 1 34,65 1 ; ysu 2,767); same data as holotype, 7 $$, 2 TNN, 3 PNN (amnh 1 34,650; ysu 2,766). COLOMBIA: Rio Magdalena, ^Puer- to Nino), 2 <3<5, 1 2, January 1913, Chapman, Cher- rie et al. (amnh 121,457; ysu 2,768). Paratypes are deposited in amnh, gaud, uga, unam. Discussion— Relationships— Two new species, A. araraunae and A. manilatae, are intermediate between the species with male setae pai triangular and setae d5 setiform. The males of these two species have truncated setae pai with the anterior margins not greatly expanded and setae d5 straight and setiform or expanded slightly near their bases (compare figs. 21-22 with 23-24). Remarks— The slide bearing the holotype has two males; the holotype is that specimen with two setae d5. Females have a few short terminal spines lateral to setae 14. Nymphs have weakly developed pygidial areas with the inverted U-shaped striae present almost to the terminus (figs. 41—43), and setae d5 are about half the lengths of 15. Trito- nymphs have setae 14 setiform and uniquely de- veloped setae pai in the shape of a nerve cell with long dendrites, the longest of which is about 80 nm; the level of setae d3 is far posterior to the level of 13. Protonymphs have setae 14 and pai small and leaflike and the level of setae d3 slightly an- terior to 13. Aralichus manilatae Atyeo, NEW SPECIES. Fig- ures 16, 22. Holotype: Male, deposited at American Museum of Natural History. Type host: Ara manilata (Boddaert). Type locality: Limontuba, Rio Tapajos, Para, Bra- zil. 16 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Figs. 25-32. Scanning electron micrographs. 25-28, 32, Aralichus canestrinii, male: dorsal aspect (25), terminal setae (26), legs I and II (27), mesal aspect of tarsus IV (28), ventral opisthosoma (32). 29-31, Aralichus anodorhynchi, male: dorsal aspect (29), dorsal opisthosoma (30), legs I and II (31). Abbreviations: 13, 14 = lateral hysterosomal setae; pai = internal postanal setae. Bar scales = 100 pm. ATYEO: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII 17 Figs. 33-40. Scanning electron micrographs of Aralichus canestrinii: 33, female, dorsal aspect; 34, male and tritonymph; 35, tritonymph, dorsal aspect; 36, tritonymph, ventral opisthosoma; 37, male, ventral gnathosoma; 38, tritonymph, opisthosoma; 39, protonymph, opisthosoma; 40, larva, opisthosoma. Bar scales = 100 fim. 18 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Figs. 41-48. Scanning electron micrographs. 41-43, Aralichus araraunae: larva (41), larva, opisthosoma (42), and protonymph, opisthosoma (43). 44, Aralichus canestrinii, exuviae, larva in protonymph. 45, Aralichus chlorop- terae, tritonymph. 46, Aralichus ambiguae, larva. 47-48, Aralichus anodorhynchi, protonymph: opisthosoma (47), prodorsal area (48). Bar scales = 100 nm. ATYEO: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII 19 Diagnosis— Male setae pai apically quadrate and expanded slightly anterior to base, setae d5 short and lanceolate, setae d on tarsi IV dorsolateral, total length 459-490 mis- description—Male— Length 477 ± 2.6 (OL = 459-490, N = 18); width 268 ± 2.1 (ol = 239- 278, N = 1 5). Gnathosoma: 78.3 ± 0.4 (ol = 74.5- 82.4, N = 18) x 101.4 ± 0.5 (ol - 98.0-105.8, N = 16). Prodorsum: Ornamentation weakly de- veloped; sceisce 973 ± 1.0 (ol= 88.2-103.9, N = 18); sciisci 41.0 ± 0.7 (ol = 35.3^5.1, N = 18). Hysterosoma: Setae pai truncated, not expanded anterior to insertion; setae d5 narrowly lanceolate, not S-shaped; measurements: dl.dl 58.1 ± 1.1 (ol = 47.0-66.6, N = 1 8); d2:d2 103.2 ± 0.9 (ol = 98.0-1 13.7, N = 1 8); d3:d3 83.0 ± 0.8 (ol = 75.5- 89.2, N = 18); d5:d5 142.5 ± 1.6 (ol = 129.4- 152.9, N = 18); 15:15 157.7 ± 1.2 (ol = 147.0- 168.6, N = 18); dl:d2 63.3 ± 0.9 (ol = 56.8-68.6, N = 18); d2:d3 142.5 ± 1.1 (ol = 133.3-149.0, N = 18); dl:d3 205.9 ± 1.3 (ol = 196.0-213.6, N = 18); d3:pai 21 A ± 0.3 (ol = 19.6-25.4, N = 18); pai:d5 36.7 ± 0.4 (ol = 33.3-39.2, N = 18); I5:d5 32.0 ± 0.3 (ol = 29.4-33.3, N = 18); 13 79.8 ± 1.3 (ol - 66.6-90.2, N = 17); pai 76 .4 ± 0.6 (ol = 72.5-82.3, N = 18); terminal cleft 72.3 ± 0.6 (ol = 68.6-74.6, N = 10). Legs: Anterior legs with apicoventral apophyses moderately devel- oped (as in fig. 27); setae d on tarsi IV inserted dorsolateral (fig. 1 6); measurements (femur to tar- sus): I, 39.2-45.1, 39.2-41.2, 36.1-38.0, 54.9-60.8; II, 45.9^*9.0, 40.0-41.2, 39.2-41.2, 66.6-70.6; III, 29.4-33.3, 37.2-43.2, 32.3-35.3, 64.2-66.6; IV, 29.4-33.3, 41.2-43.1, 35.3-37.2, 74.5-77.3. Female-Length 488 ± 3.9 (ol = 463-517, N = 17); width 273 ± 2.5 (ol = 254-293, N = 16). Proterosoma and legs as in male. Gnathosoma: 83.1 ± 0.4 (ol = 80.4-84.3, N = 16) x 107.1 ± 0.8 (ol = 1 0 1 .9-1 1 3.7, N = 1 6). Prodorsum: sce.sce 98.5 ± 0.9 (ol = 92.1-105.8, N = 17); sciisci 40.7 ± 1.2 (ol = 35.3-49.0, N = 17). Hystero- soma: Setae 14, pai leaflike with coarsely serrated margins; dl.dl 63.7 ± 0.9 (ol = 58.8-68.6, N = 16); d2:d2 113.3 ± 0.8 (ol = 109.8-121.5, N = 17); d3:d3 78.3 ± 1.2 (ol = 70.6-90.2, N = 17); dl:d2 77.3 ± 0.8 (ol = 70.6-84.3, N = 17); d2:d3 99.0 ± 2.1 (ol = 82.3-113.7, N - 17); d3:d5 119.9 ± 1.6 (ol = 109.8-129.4, N = 17); dl:d5 297. 0 ±2.5 (ol = 278.3-3 1 9.5, N = 1 7); 13 39.9 ± 0.6 (ol = 36.3^3.3, N = 16); 14 15.4 ± 0.5 (ol = 11.8-19.6, N = 16); pai 12.8 ± 0.3 (ol = 9.8- 1 5.7, N = 1 7). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 39.2-43. 1 , 39.2^11.2, 37.2-39.2, 52.9-58.8; II, 46.0-50.9, 39.2-41.2, 39.2-41.2, 62.7-68.6; III, 29.4-33.3, 37.2-41.2, 33.3-35.3, 68.6-72.5; IV, 32.3-35.3, 45.1-47.0, 40.0-42.1, 82.0-86.2 Type Data (only adults as types)— From Ara manilata: BRAZIL: Para: Rio Tapajos, Li- montuba, holotype <5, 10 <3<5, 10 2$, 8 August 1931, A. M. 01alla(AMNH 288,214; uga 10,350); S. San- tarem, 1 <5, 3 22, 7 TNN, 5 PNN, 21 July 1931, A. M. Olalla (amnh 288,213; uga 10,351); Rio Tapajos, Santarem, 3 53, 1 2, 15 August 1959, A. M. Olalla (fmnh 257,850; uga 1 1,549-50); Vila- rinho, 2 <3<5, 1 2, 26 September 1931, A. M. Olalla (amnh 429,109; uga 10,352). PERU: Loreto: Rio Ucayali, Yarina-Cocha, 1 3, 2 22, 4 TNN, 2 PNN, 2 LL, 16 May 1946, J. M. Schunke(FMNH 185,553; uga 11,546). Paratypes are deposited in amnh, BMNH, FMNH, NMNH, GAUD, UGA, UNAM. Discussion— Relationships— In addition to the general size differences between Aralichus mani- latae and the related A. araraunae, n. sp., other structures exhibit marked differences in size. In comparing males of manilatae with those of ara- raunae, setae pai are 76 pm (ol = 72-82) versus 101 jum (ol = 96-106), setae 13 are 80 nm (ol = 67-90) versus 105 /xm (ol = 94-114), and the external scapular setae are separated by 97 /mi (ol = 88-104) versus 1 18 Mm (ol = 108-127). Remarks— The tritonymphs of only two species, the one being described and Aralichus araraunae, have the levels of setae d3 far posterior to the level of setae 13. The tritonymphs of A manilatae have weakly developed spines on the idiosomal ter- minus, while the protonymphs have well-devel- oped spines. Aralichus couloni Atyeo, NEW SPECIES. Figures 17,20. Holotype: Male, deposited at Field Museum of Nat- ural History. Type host: Ara couloni Sclater. Type locality: Fundo Cinchona, Ucayali, Peru. Diagnosis— Male setae pai truncated and ex- panded slightly anterior of setal base, setae d5 ex- panded basally into an almost symmetrical S, total length 424-443 nm. Description— Male— Length 433 ± 1.5 (ol = 424-443, N = 14); width 246 ± 1.2 (ol = 239- 254, N = 14). Gnathosoma: 70.5 ± 0.3 (ol = 68.6- 72.5, N = 14) x 96.7 ± 0.6 (ol = 94.1-100.0, N = 14). Prodorsum: Ornamentation weakly de- 20 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY veloped or absent; sce:sce9l.i ± 0.7 (ol - 88.2- 96.0, N = 14); sci:sci 33.6 ± 1.0 (ol = 27.4-39.2, N = 14). Hysterosoma: Setae pai truncated, ex- panded slightly anterior of insertion; setae d5 S-shaped with basal expansion 41 x 12; mea- surements: dl.dl 39.8 ± 1.3 (ol = 34.4-^17.0, N = 1 3); d2:d2 105.8 ± 1.5 (ol = 96.0-1 15.6, N = 14); d3:d3 86.5 ± 1.0 (ol = 82.3-94.1, N = 14); d5:d5 130.6 ± 0.5 (ol = 121.5-139.2, N = 14); 15:15 149.0 ± 1.1 (ol = 141.1-154.8, N= 14); dhd2 47.5 ± 0.6 (ol = 43.1-50.9, N = 13); d2:d3 133.3 I 0.7 (ol = 129.4-137.2, N = 14); dl:d3 180.6 ± 0.9 (ol = 178.4-186.2, N = 13); d3:pai 24.8 ± 0.2 (ol = 23.5-25.4, N = 14); pai:d5 32.4 ± 0.4 (ol = 29.4-39.3, N = 14); I5:d5 31.8 ± 0.3 (ol = 30.4-33.3, N = 14); 13 54.1 ± 0.9 (ol = 47.0- 60.8, N = 12); pai 68.3 ± 0.5 (ol = 64.7-70.6, N I 14); terminal cleft 60.7 ± 0.5 (ol = 58.8-62.7, N = 12). Legs: Anterior legs with apicoventral apophyses moderately developed (as in fig. 27); setae d on tarsi IV inserted dorsolateral (fig. 1 7); measurements (femur to tarsus): 1, 39.2-4 1 .2, 37.2- 39.2, 31.4-33.3, 49.0-50.9; II, 41.2-45.1, 36.1- 39.2, 33.3-35.3, 58.8-64.7; III, 27.4-39.5, 38.0- 41.2, 29.4-31.4, 62.7-64.7; IV, 29.4-31.4, 42.0- 45.1,31.4-33.3,64.7-66.6. Female-Length 475 (ol = 470-482, N = 5); width 26 1 (ol = 254-270, N = 5). Proterosoma and legs as in male. Gnathosoma: 79.2 (78.4-80.4, N = 5) x 101.9 (ol = 98.0-103.9, N = 5). Pro- dorsum: sce:sce 95.3 (ol = 92.1-98.0, N - 5); sci.sci 38.0 (ol = 35.3-46. 1 , N = 5). Hysterosoma: Setae 14, pai leaflike with coarsely serrated mar- gins; dl.dl 49.5 (ol = 41.2-56.8, N - 4); d2:d2 1 12.5 (ol = 107.8-1 1 7.6, N = 5); d3:d3 88.6 (ol = 80.4-90.2, N = 5); dl:d2 59.2 (ol = 54.9-66.6, N = 5); d2:d3 8 1 .9 (ol = 74.5-90.2, N = 5); d3:d5 138.9 (ol = 129.4-1 50.9, N = 5); dl:d5 229.7 (ol - 217.6-237.2, N = 5); 13 36.3 (ol = 33.3-39.3, N = 4); 14 15.3 (ol = 13.7-17.6, N = 5); pai 13.7 (N = 5). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 39.2-43. 1, 36.1- 39.2, 31.4-33.3, 54.9-58.8; II, 45.1^*9.0, 35.3- 37.2, 35.3-39.2, 60.8-64.7; III, 29.4-33.3, 39.2- 43.1, 31.4-33.3, 64.7-66.6; IV, 31.4-35.3, 47.0- 50.9, 35.3-37.2, 82.3-84.3. Type Data (only adults as types)— From Ara couloni: PERU: Ucayali: Fundo Cinchona (= Huanuco, Finca or Fundo Sinchona), holotype 6, 6 66, 2 99, 5 TNN, 3 PNN, 2 LL, 10 August 1947, J. M. Schunke (fmnh 1 87,759; uga 1 1 ,567); same data as holotype, 4 66, 1 9 (fmnh 187,758; uga 11,565); Fundo Cinchona (= Huanuco), Chinchavito, 2 66, 1 9, 7 March 1974, P. Hooking, M. Villar (fmnh 299,018; uga 1 1,563); Luisiana, Rio Apurimac, 1 <5, 1 9, 1 7 July 1963, C. B. Koford (amnh 78 1,783; uga 10,358). Paratypes deposited in AMNH, FMNH, GAUD, UGA, UNAM. Discussion— Relationships— Males of two new species, Aralichus couloni and A. severae, have al- most symmetrical, S-shaped setae d5, and trun- cated setae pai that are expanded slightly anterior to their insertions. These species can be distin- guished from each other by the sizes of many struc- tures: for example, A. couloni has setae 13 54 /*m (ol = 47-6 1 ) and the inflated portion of setae d5 about 41x12 ^m; these structures in A. severae are 80 Mm (ol = 73-90) and 49 x 14 ^m. Remarks— The proto- and tritonymphs of Ara- lichus couloni and A. severae have setae d3 posi- tioned approximately midway between the levels of the opisthonotal gland and setae 13; small, blunt spines on the terminus; poorly developed pygidial regions; and smooth striae on the dorsum. These are the only tritonymphs with setae d3 so posi- tioned, yet other protonymphs share this charac- ter-state, namely, A. nobilis, A. severae, and A. manilatae. Aralichus nobilis immatures also have smooth, dorsal striations. The prodorsal orna- mentation can be weakly developed or apparently absent. The hosts of Aralichus militaris and A. couloni are sympatric in parts of their ranges. Both of the mite species have been collected from skins taken at Fundo Cinchona; however, the collections were made in different years. Aralichus severae Atyeo, NEW SPECIES. Holotype: Male, deposited at Field Museum of Nat- ural History. Type host: Ara severa castaneifrons Lafresnaye. Type locality: Putumayo, San Antonio, Colombia. Diagnosis— Male setae pai truncated at slight angle and expanded slightly anterior to setal base, setae d5 S-shaped (similar to fig. 20), total length 459^86 Mm. Description— Male — Length 471 ± 2.9 (ol = 459^86, N = 11); width 272 ± 1.9 (ol = 266- 282, N = 1 1). Gnathosoma: 78.5 ± 0.5 (ol = 76.4- 82.3, N = 11) x 102.1 ± 0.8 (ol = 98.0-107.8, N = 11). Prodorsum: Ornamentation well devel- oped; sce.sce 96.8 ± 1.1 (ol = 82.2-109.9, N = 11); sci:sci 33.4 ± 1.2 (ol = 27.4-^1.2, N = 11). ATYEO: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII 21 Hysterosoma: Setae pai truncated, expanded slightly anterior to insertion; setae d5 S-shaped, basal expansion about 49 x 14; measurements: dl:dl 61.6 ± 1.3 (ol = 54.9-70.6, N = 1 1); d2:d2 114.6 ± 1.1 (ol = 109.8-121.5, N = 11); d3:d3 97.7 ± 0.2 (ol = 90.2-100.0, N = 11); d5:d5 139.5 ± 0.5 (ol = 131.1-154.2, N = 11); 15:15 162.6 ± 0.5 (ol = 154.2-181.3, N - 11); dl:d2 58.4 ±0.8(oL = 52.9-62.7,N=ll);rf2:-^ t If itifl "«««« IfiiniBHtliHIiHI ft Kill i Hi MHf 11 ttlfi)itHtfHFf}Jit to ■ "iliil 1 \ iftiOl 1 HMnfiB II Sm ■ $StffiililffffIHKHffifffI8 iflf i J Ji j ( 1 1 1 ^w it f- fr TTrrr (r 1 ■ ft ntmrnn^^^^^^M UNIVERSITY OF II LINOIS URBANA 590.5FIN.S. C001 FIELDIANA : ZOOLOGY $ NEW SERIES $CHG0 40-54 1988-89 3 01 2 009378735 tHcIilHitlllHfH