UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN BIOLOGY APR 0 9 1992 N . Y •("■-. BIX No. 62 FIELhl Zoology jKAj gf mk FW SFRTFS NO. 62 "'^N 1 !) 1^90 /DIVERSITY OF ULir Feather Mites of the Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart) Complex (Acarina, Pterolichidae) from New World Parrots (Psittacidae). II. From the Genera Aratinga Spix, Deroptyus Wagler, Leptosittaca Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ognorhynchus Bonaparte, Pionites Heine, and Pyrrhura Bonaparte, and Conclusions to the Study Warren T. Atyeo I ila M. Perez FEB December 31, 1990 Publication 1420 PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Information for Contributors to Fieldiana Generak Fieldiana is primarily a journal for Field Museum staff members and research associates, althouj manuscripts from nonaffiliated authors may be considered as space permits. ITie Journal carries a page charge of $65.00 per printed page or fraction thereof. 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Changes in page proofs (as opposed to corrections) are very expensive. Author-generated changes in page proofs can only be made if th; author agrees in advance to pay for them. THIS PUBLICATION IS PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER. | FIELDIANA Zoology NEW SERIES, NO. 62 Feather Mites of the Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart) Complex (Acarina, Pterolichidae) from New World Parrots (Psittacidae). II. From the Genera Aratinga Spix, Deroptyus Wagler, Leptosittaca Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ognorhynchus Bonaparte, Pionites Heine, and Pyrrhura Bonaparte, and Conclusions to the Study Warren T. Atyeo Research Associate Department of Zoology Field Museum of Natural History Department of Entomology University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602 Tila M. Perez Laboratorio de Acarologia Departamento de Biologta Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autdnoma de Mexico 04510 Mixico, D.F., Mixico Accepted August 31, 1989 Published December 31, 1990 Publication 1420 PUBLISHED BY HELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY N © 1 990 Field Museum of Natural History ISSN 0015-0754 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Table of Contents List of Illustrations Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Classification 2 Genus Aralichus Gaud 2 Key to Males of the Aralichus canestrinii Complex 2 The canestrinii Morphotype 3 Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart) 3 Aralichus (?)canestrinii (Trouessart) ... 3 Aralichus ambiguae Atyeo 4 Aralichus chloropterae Atyeo 4 Aralichus mexicanus Atyeo 4 Aralichus militaris Atyeo 4 The couloni Morphotype 4 Aralichus anodorhynchi Atyeo 5 Aralichus araraunae Atyeo 6 Aralichus couloni Atyeo 6 Aralichus manilatae Atyeo 6 Aralichus maracanae Atyeo 6 Aralichus severae Atyeo 6 Aralichus glaucogularis Atyeo and Pe- rez, new species 6 Aralichus aratingae Atyeo and Perez, new species 8 Aralichus truncatus Atyeo and Perez, new species 10 The nobilis Morphotype 11 Aralichus nobilis Atyeo 11 The leptosittacae Morphotype 16 Aralichus leptosittacae Atyeo and Perez, new species 16 Aralichus ognorhynchi Atyeo and Perez, new species 17 The inermis Morphotype 19 Aralichus inermis (Megnin and Troues- sart) 20 The lunatus Morphotype 21 Aralichus lunatus Atyeo and Perez, new species 21 The weddellii Morphotype 23 Aralichus weddellii Atyeo and Perez, new species 23 Species incertae sedis 24 Aralichus leptophyllus (Canestrini and Kramer) 24 Host-Commensal Associations 24 Acknowledgments 27 Literature Cited 27 Host Index 29 Commensal Index 30 1,2. Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart), male and female, dorsal idio- somata 4 3-21. Male termini o^ Aralichus ararau- nae. A. manilatae, A. maracanae, A. anodorhynchi. Paraxial view of male tarsi IV, A. canestrinii, A. couloni, A. araraunae. Left male setae d5, A. canestrinii, A. ^canestrinii, A. mili- taris, A. ambiguae, A. mexicanus, A. chloropterae, A. araraunae, A. mani- latae, A. anodorhynchi, A. severae, A. couloni, A. maracanae 5 22, 23. Aralichus glaucogularis, male and fe- male, dorsal idiosomata 7 24-33. Aralichus aratingae, male and fe- male, dorsal idiosomata. Male tarsi IV from Aratinga pertinax, A. nana astec. Male left seta d5 from Aratin- ga pertinax, A. nana astec, A. n. nana, A. a. aurea. Aralichus trunca- tus, male left seta d5 from Aratinga auricapilla, A. jandaya 8 34-56. Aralichus nobilis, male, dorsal idio- soma and ventral hysterosoma. Male tarsi IV from Ara nobilis, Ara- tinga mi t rat a, Pyrrhura rupicola. Male left seta d5 from Ara nobilis, Aratinga mitrata, A. finschi, A. acu- ticaudata, A. chloroptera, A. euops, A. holochlora, A. wagleri, A. leucoph- thalmus, A. erythrogenys, Pyrrhura perlata, P. leucotis, P. melanura, P. egregia, P. cruentata, P. rhodogaster, P. rupicola 12 57-60. Scanning electron micrographs of Aralichus nobilis, male on ventral feather surface, nymph on ramal wall, dorsal aspect of male terminis, male coupled with nymph (and Pro- tolichus nymph on opposite ramal wall), nymphal cast skin in angle formed by ramus and rachis 13 61-64. Aralichus leptosittacae, male, dorsal idiosoma, ventral hysterosoma, left seta d5. left tarsus IV 17 65-68. Aralichus ognorhynchi, male, dorsal idiosoma, ventral hysterosoma, left seta d5, left tarsus IV 18 69-72. Aralichus inermis, male, dorsal idio- soma, ventral hysterosoma, left seta d5, left tarsus IV 19 l'i-11. Aralichus lunatus, male, dorsal idio- List of Tables soma, ventral hysterosoma, left seta d5, left tarsus IV. Aralichus wed- dellii, male, dorsal idiosoma 22 i Host and commensal associations among parrots harboring species of the Aralichus canestrinii complex ,, 25 2. Hosts of the Aralichus canestrinii com- plex arranged by similarities of pteroli- chinae faunas (except Rhytidelasma) ... 26 Feather Mites of the Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart) Complex (Acarina, Pterolichidae) from New World Parrots (Psittacidae). II. From the Genera Aratinga Spix, Deroptyus Wagler, Leptosittaca Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ognorhynchus Bonaparte, Pionites Heine, and Pyrrhura Bonaparte, and Conclusions to the Study Abstract For the genus Aralichus Gaud (Pterolichidae, Pterohchinae), one species is redescribed, three species have new host records, one species has new locality records, and seven new species are de- scribed. Redescribed is A. inermis (Megnin and Trouessart) from Pionites leucogaster. New rec- ords: A. {'?)canestrinii (Trouessart) from Ara au- ricollis, and A. nobilis Atyeo from nine species of Aratinga and nine species of Pyrrhura. New lo- cality records: A. araraunae Atyeo from Ara ara- rauna, Panama, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana. New species described: Aralichus aratingae from Ara- tinga aurea, A. nana, and A. pertinax; A. glau- cogularis from Ara glaucogularis; A. leptosittacae from Leptosittaca branickii; A. lunatus from Der- optyus accipitrinus; A. ognorhynchi from Ogno- rhynchus icterotis; A. truncatus from Aratinga au- ricapilla and A. jandaya; and A. weddellii from Aratinga weddellii. Aralichus leptophyllus (Canes- trini and Kramer) [= Pterolichus (Eupterolichus) leptophyllus = Pterolichus (P. ) hemiphyllus micro- phyllus Megnin and Trouessart] is considered in- certae sedis. Host-commensal associations and the biology of Aralichus nobilis are discussed. A key to all species of the canestrinii complex is pre- sented. Introduction One extensive complex of feather mites from New World parrots includes Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart) and numerous related species. The first part of this study considered the species from the parrot genera Ara Lacepede and Anodorhyn- chus Spix (Atyeo, 1988) in which 1 named and 1 1 new species were (re)described. Two additional studies were planned, as it was originally consid- ered that a one host-one commensal association would exist for all Aralichus species. However, in this study we found that some species exist on more than one host species. Therefore, in this sec- ond and final study, the remaining species of the A. canestrinii complex will be (re)described. The study collection, preparation of illustrations and SE>ecimens, abbreviations for typ)e reposito- ries, definitions of measurements, general mor- phology of Aralichus, relationships of Aralichus canestrinii complex to other pterolichid taxa, and a generic diagnosis were presented in Part I (Atyeo, 1988)— these will not be repeated. To facilitate identification, a few of the illustrations from Part I are repeated, and all recognized species of the A. canestrinii complex are included in a new key. If the number of mite specimens per host species exceeds 10, measurements are given as mean ± standard error followed by the observed limits (ol) and the number of specimens (N) in parentheses; when N is less than 10, only the mean, observed limits, and N are recorded. A few new measure- ments are included; specifically, the distances be- tween setal pairs and setal rows in the male genital region (figs. 25, 66, 70). Tarsal lengths are rede- fined; each is measured from the mesal articulation to seta d (or seta /for male tarsi IV) (figs. 7, 9), rather than to the tarsal apex as in Part I of this study. Distances between the anterior genital setae ATYEO & PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII II. (ga) and the setae of coxae IV (cx4) and III {cx3) are measured perpendicular to the meson, dis- tances between rows of setae are measured along the meson, distances between setal pairs are mea- sured center- to-center, and ga : genital organ refers to the level of setae ga and the apex of the genital organ. Note that the male venter is striated, flex- ible tegument and as such is subject to immense distortion in microslide preparation. Measure- ments were recorded only for specimens in which obvious distortion was absent. Additional abbreviations for ornithological col- lections are: mhnm, Museio de Historia Natural de Mexico del Departamento del Distrito Federal, Mexico City; mzfc, Museo de Zoologia de la Fa- cultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional Au- tonoma de Mexico, Mexico City; and ufl. Natural History Museum, University of Florida, Gaines- ville, Florida. Contrary to Part I in which there were one host- one commensal associations, in Part II, a few spe- cies of Aralichus occur on more than one parrot species; for these, 20 males and 20 females (or the available specimens if under 20) were measured from each host in order to compare morphometric data statistically. The collecting data for each host are given to indicate known ranges of the mite species relative to the host ranges as given by For- shaw(1978). Classification Family Pterolichidae Trouessart and Megnin Subfamily Pterolichinae Trouessart and Megnin Genus Aralichus Gaud Major References— Gaud (1966), Perez and Atyeo (1984a,b, 1986), Atyeo (1988). Within the Aralichus canestrinii complex, there are seven morphotypes or species groups defined in part by the modifications of the scapular regions and prodorsal shields, the arrangements of the se- tae in the male genital region, and modifications of male setae d5, 15, and pai. For each morphotype, a full diagnosis will be given; if there is more than one species included in a morphotype, short spe- cies diagnoses emphasize within-group differen- ces. The species (re)described in Part I (Atyeo, 1988) are listed with their hosts and figure numbers here- in, followed by "Part I, Figures. . . ." New host as- sociations and new locality records are given. Key to Males of the Aralichus canestrinii Complex 1. Setae pai triangular, not expanded anterior to alveoli (fig. 1); setae d5 symmetrical, setiform, and often with slight basal expansions (figs. 10-17); seta d on tarsus IV inserted dorsally (fig. 7); total length more than 545 nm 2 Setae pai not triangular, may be expanded anterior to alveoli; setae d5 variously shaped; setae d on tarsus IV inserted dorsomesally (figs. 8, 9) (except A. weddellii, n. sp.); total length rarely more than 500 Mm 6 2. Mean total length greater than 595 nm (ol = 570-640); mean total length of setae pai greater than 107 nm (OL = 102-120); mean distance between setae d5 greater than 214 nm (ol = 201-247) . . 3 Mean total length 566 fim (ol = 547-586); mean length of setae pai 99 fim (ol = 94-104); mean distance between setae d5 197 nm (ol = 181-205) militaris Atyeo 3. Terminal cleft height more than 99 nm (ol = 100-108) 4 Mean terminal cleft height 95.8 Mm (ol = 92-98) chloropterae Atyeo 4. Seta d on tarsus IV dorsal, positioned at midlength of segment (fig. 7) 5 Seta d on tarsus IV dorsal, positioned distal to midlength of segment ambiguae Atyeo 5. Terminal cleft as a smooth arch (as in figs. 3-6) mexicanus Atyeo Terminal cleft as a sinuous arch (fig. 1) canestrinii (Trouessart) 6. Total length more than 574 Mm 7 Total length less than 508 Mm 8 7. Setae pai expanded anterior to setal bases to level of setae 14, setae d5 leaflike (fig. 6) anodorhynchi Atyeo Setae pai not expanded anterior of setal bases; setae d5 setiform (fig. 3) araraunae Atyeo 8 . Prodorsal shield either independent (fig. 69) or partially fused with scapular shields (fig. 7 7); prodorsal shield glabrous or ornamented; cupules ih circular 9 Prodorsal shield fused with scapular shields, all elements glabrous (fig. 34), cupules ih oval nobilis Atyeo FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY 9. Hysterosoma quadrate, setae d5 separated by over 1 20 tiva; setae pai without dorsally directed point, ventral setae variously arranged 10 Hysterosoma tapering behind legs III, setae d5 separated by less than 100 nm\ setae pai with dorsally directed apical point (fig. 77), 3 pairs ventral setae anterior to genital organ arranged in oblique row (similar to fig. 70), except setae ga anterior to genital organ weddellii, n. sp. 10. Scapular regions without shields, ornamented with elevated striae or ovals (figs. 22, 24), prodorsal shield ornamented with irregular polygons 11 Scapular regions with shields, either independent (figs. 69, 73) or partially fused (figs. 61, 65) with prodorsal shield; prodorsal shield glabrous 17 11. Setae d5 setiform, with or without slight basal expansions (figs. 17, 22) 12 Setae d5 leaflike with asymmetrical basal expansions (figs. 19-22, 28-30) 13 12. Setae pai with mesal comers rounded (figs. 4, 17) manilatae Atyeo Setae pai with mesal comers sharply angled (fig. 22) glaucogularis. n. sp. 13. Setae pai extending slightly anterior to alveoli (fig. 5), setae d5 with terminal filament directed at least 45° from intemal thickening of each seta (figs. 19-21) 14 Setae pai not extending anterior to alveoli, setae d5 with base of terminal filament in approximately same axis of intemal thickening of each seta (figs. 28-30) 16 14. Intemal margins of setae d5 smoothly curved at about 45° (figs. 19, 29); setae pai with anteromesal margins rounded 15 Intemal margins of setae d5 abruptly curved at about 45° angle (fig. 21), setae pai each with anteromesal point (fig. 5) maracanae Atyeo 1 5. Total length more than 460 urn; width greater than 265 Mm severae Atyeo Total length less than 445 m"^; width less than 255 Mm couloni Atyeo 16. Total length less than 430 Mm; setae sci 23.5-35.0 Mm (fig. 24) aratingae, n. sp. Total length more than 440 Mm; setae sci 9.8-10.6 Mm truncatus, n. sp. 1 7. Setae see short, not extending beyond posterior margin of prodorsal shield 18 Setae see long, extending beyond setae dl (fig. 61) 19 18. Setae pai quarter-moon shaped; setae d5 narrow, sinuous (figs. 73, 75) lunatus, n. sp. Setae pai with rounded apices; setae d5 expanded basally (figs. 69, 7 1) inermis (Megnin and Trouessart) 19. Setae pai pointed apicomesally; distance dl.dl > d2:d2 (fig. 61) leptosittacae. n. sp. Setae pai rounded apicomesally; distance dl.dl < d2:d2 (fig. 65) ognorhynehi, n. sp. The canestrinii Morphotype Diagnosis— Scapular regions rugose, without shields; prodorsal shield ornamented with irreg- ular polygons anterior and/or posterior to the scapular setae (fig. 1 ); external scapular setae small; intemal vertical setae setiform; hysterosomal shield ornamented with circular pits posterior to setae dl; distance dl.dl less than 75% of distance d2: d2. Male with setae pai triangular; setae d5 ex- panded basally, narrowly lanceolate to asymmet- rical leaves; setae 15 with small basal expansions; level of setae ex4 between levels of setae ga and ex3; cupules ih circular (see fig. 25) with heavily sclerotized rims; seta d on tarsus IV positioned dorsally (fig. 7). Female with posterolateral mar- gins of hysterosoma rugose (with circular eleva- tions) (fig. 2). Included Species —Araliehus eanestrinii (Trouessart), A. ambiguae Atyeo, A. ehloropterae Atyeo, A. mexicanus Atyeo, A. militaris Atyeo. Araliehus canestrinii (Trouessart). Figures 1, 2, 7, 10; Part I, Figures 1-7, 1 1, 25-28, 32^0, 44. Host: Ara macao (L.), Honduras, Nicaragua, Pan- ama, Colombia. Araliehus (?)canestrinii (Trouessart). Figure 1 1 . Host: Ara auricollis Cassin, Bolivia. Two males and two tritonymphs have been in our study collections for a number of years, but setae critical for identification are missing. Even though the morphometricdata for these specimens are within the observed limits for A. eanestrinii, this information was not included in Part I as we had hoped to collect additional specimens at the British Museum, but we were not successful. ATYEO & PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII. II. Figs. 1, 2. Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart). 1, 2, Dorsal idiosomata: male (1), female (2). Abbreviations: im, ip = cupules; dI-5, 11-5 = dorsal and lateral hysterosomal setae; h = humeral setae; pae, pai = external and internal postanal setae; see, sci = external and internal scapular setae; sh = subhumeral setae; vi = internal vertical setae (from Atyeo, 1988). Therefore, these mites are tentatively identified as Trouessart's species. New Host Record— From Ara auricollis Cas- sin: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Piedras Blancas, 2 $6, 2 TNN, 22 April 1 886, H. H. Smith (amnh 34543, UGA 10346). Aralichus ambiguae Atyeo. Figure 13; Part I, Fig- ures 10, 14, 46. Aralichus mexicanus Atyeo. Figure 14; Part I, as in Figures 9, 13. Host: Ara militaris mexicana (Ridgway), Mexico. Aralichus militaris Atyeo. Figure 1 2; Part I, Fig- ures 9, 13. Host: Ara ambigua (Bechstein), Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. Host: Ara m. militaris (L.), Peru. Aralichus chloropterae Atyeo. Figure 15; Part I, ^^^ ^^"'''''' Morphotype Figures 8, 12, 45. Diagnosis— Scapular regions rugose, without shields; prodorsal shield ornamented with irreg- Host: Ara chloroptera Gray, Venezuela, Brazil, Co- "^^r polygons anterior and/or posterior to scapular lombia, Bolivia. setae; external scapular setae small; internal ver- FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Figs. 3-2 1 . 3-6, Male termini: Aralichus araraunae (3), A. manilatae (4), A. maracanae (5), A. anodorhynchi (6). 7-9, Paraxial view of male tarsi IV: A. canestrinii (7), A. couloni (8), A. araraunae (9). 10-21, Left male setae d5: A. canestrinii (10), A. (?)canestrinii from Ara auricollis (11), Aralichus mililaris (12), A. ambiguae (13), A. mexicanus (14), /J. chloropterae (15), A. araraunae (16), A. manilatae {\1), A. anodorhynchi (IS), A. severae {\9), A. couloni (20), A. maracanae (21). Abbreviations: d. e, f= setae of male tarsus IV. Scale L for tarsi; scale A for figs. 4, 5; scale B for figs. 3, 6. (Figures 3-9 from Atyeo, 1988.) tical setae setiform; hysterosomal shield orna- mented with circular pits posterior to setae dl; distance dl:dl more than 75% of distance d2:d2. Male with setae pai truncated, anterior margins may be expanded anterior to alveoli (figs. 3-6); setae d5 setiform to leaflike and slightly asym- metrical (figs. 1 6-2 1 ); setae 15 with or without slight basal expansions; level of setae cx4 between levels of setae ga and cx3; cupules ih circular with heavi- ly sclerotized rims; seta c/ on tarsus IV dorsolateral on mesal surfaces (figs. 8, 9) (dorsal in A. glau- cogularis, n. sp.). Female with posterolateral mar- gins of hysterosoma rugose. Included Species —Aralichus anodorhynchi Atyeo, A. araraunae Atyeo, A. aratingae, n. sp., A. couloni Atyeo, A. glaucogularis, n. sp., A. man- ilatae Atyeo, A. maracanae Atyeo, A. severae Atyeo, A. truncatus, n. sp. Aralichus anodorhynchi Atyeo. Figures 6, 18; Part I, Figures 19, 24, 29-31, 47^8. Host: Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (Latham), Bra- zil. ATYEO & PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII. IL This is the only species in the Aralichus canes- trinii complex in which male setae d5 are directed toward the meson at approximately 45° (figs. 6, 1 8). In most specimens the distal filaments of these setae are broken so that the setae appear as short leaves. Aralichus araraunae Atyeo. Figures 3, 9, 16; Part I, Figures 15, 21,41-43. Host: Ara ararauna (L.), Panama, Colombia, Ec- uador. New Records— PANAMA: Chapo: 4 $$, 1 2, no other data (bmnh 1889.1.30.18, uga 12824). ECUADOR: (?Oriente): Rio Pastaza, (?Andars), 1 $, 1 9, 10 December 1939, L. Gomez (bmnh 1940.12.5.48, UGA 12825); Pastaza: Sarayacu, 5 $S, 2 22, February 1880, C. Buckley (bmnh 1 889. 1 .30. 1 6, UGA 1 2826; bmnh 1 889. 1 .30. 1 5, uga 12830). BOLIVIA: La Paz: Esperanza, 8 $S, 5 22, June 1 9 1 9, W. Goodfellow (bmnh 1 920. 11.13.41, UGA 12828; bmnh 1920.11.13.42, uga 12829). GUYANA: Albary River, 1 3, 1 2, no other data (BMNH 1922.3.5.1182; uga 12832); Mahicony River, 1 $, 2 22, no other data (bmnh 1922.3.5.1183, UGA 12831). Aralichus couloni Atyeo. Figures 8, 20; Part I, Fig- ures 1 1 , 20. Host: Ara couloni Sclater, Peru. Aralichus manilatae Atyeo. Figures 4, 17; Part I, Figures 16, 22. Host: Ara manilata Boddaert, Brazil, Peru. Aralichus maracanae Atyeo. Figures 5, 21. Host: Ara maracana (Vieillot), Brazil. In five additional collections recently recovered at the British Museum, there were no specimens o^ Aralichus maracanae, only many individuals of Protolichus and a species of the A. cribriformis (Megnin & Trouessart) complex. Aralichus severae Atyeo. Figure 1 9; Part I, as in Figures 17, 20. Host: Ara severa (L.), Colombia, Brazil. Aralichus glaucogularis Atyeo and Perez, NEW SPECIES. Figures 22, 23. Holotype: Male, deposited in the British Museum (Natural History). Type host: Ara glaucogularis Dabbene. Type locality: ?Bolivia (see Remarks). Diagnosis— Scapular regions with broad striae, internal scapular setae extending to or slightly be- yond posterior margin of prodorsal shield. Male setae pa/ small with mesal margins ending as points; setae d5 setiform, not expanded basally, seta d on tarsus IV positioned dorsally. Description— Male — Length 467 (ol = 463- 468, N = 5); width 234 (ol = 224-242, N = 5). Gnathosoma: 70.0 (ol = 67.6-72.5, N = 5) x 84.7 (OL = 82.3-88.2, N = 5). Prodorsum: Setae see: see 84.0 (OL = 80.4-88.2, N = 5); setsei 3>1A (ol = 33.3^1.2, N = 5); set 35.5 (ol = 34.3-37.2, N = 4). Hysterosoma: Setae dl:dl 54.3 (ol = 47.0- 58.8, N = 5); d2:d2 86.4 (ol = 82.3-93.1, N = 5); d3:d3 63.3 (ol = 56.8-68.6, N = 5); d5:d5 1 16.6 (OL =107.8-1 22.5, N = 5); /5:/5 13 1.7 (oL= 123.5- 135.2, N = 5); dl:d2 80.6 (ol = 78.4-84.3, N = 5); d2:d3 139.8 (ol = 131.4-147.0, N = 5); dl:d3 220.3 (OL = 209.7-227.4, N = 5); d3:d5 63.1 (ol = 58.8-66.6, N = 5); 13 63.5 (ol = 59.8-66.6, N = 4); pat 50.9 (ol = 49.0-52.9, N = 5); terminal cleft 5 1 .6 (OL = 49.0-54.9, N = 5). Genital region: ga:ga 15.0 (ol = 12.8-17.6, N = 3); gp:gp 24.8 (OL = 22.6-27.4, N = 3); ga:cx4 30.4 (ol = 25.4- 33.3, N = 5); cx4:ex3 19.8 (ol = 18.6-20.6, N = 4); ^a : genital organ 12.9 (ol = 11.8-13.7, N = 5); ga:gp 66.6 (ol = 62.7-70.6, N = 4). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 32.4-35.3, 37.2^1.2, 35.3, 44.1^6.1; n, 38.2-39.2, 39.2^1.2, 39.2^3.2, 56.8-60.8; IH, 39.2, 35.3-39.2, 33.3-35.3, 60.8; IV, 39.2-41.2, 39.2^2.2, 35.3-37.2, 58.8-64.7. Female -Length 480 (ol = 463^93, N = 4); width 253 (ol = 247-258, N = 5). Gnathosoma, proterosoma, and legs similar to male. Prodorsum: Setae sce:see %1.1 (ol = 86.2-90.2, N = 4); sci:sei 42.9 (OL = 41.2^5.1, N = 4); sci 56.4 (ol = 52.9- 62.4, N = 4). Hysterosoma: Setae dl:dl 62.2 (ol = 58.6-66.6, N = 4); d2:d2 98.0 (ol = 92. 1-101 .9, N = 3); d3:d3 62.7 (ol = 60.8-64.7, N = 3); 11: FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Figs. 22, 23. Aralichus glaucogularis, n. sp. 22, 23, Dorsal idiosomata: male (22), female (23). /; 156.3 (OL = 152.9-162.7, N = 4); dl:d2 88.9 (OL = 88.2-90.2, N = 3); d2:d3 96.7 (ol = 90.2- 103.9, N = 2)\d3:d5 120.1 (ol = 109.8-133.3, N = 4); dl:d5 300.0 (ol = 294.0-303.8, N = 3); 13 35.3 (OL = 31.4-39.2, N = 2). Legs (femur to tar- sus): I, 35.3-36.3, 39.2^ 1 .2, 35.3-37.2, 42.2-43. 1 ; II, 39.2, 39.2^1.2, 29.4-31.4, 58.8-60.8; III, 36.3- 39.2, 39.2, 31.4-33.3, 68.6-70.6; IV, 41.2^3.1, 45.1-46.1, 41.2^2.2, 82.3-84.3. Type Data— From Ara glaucogularis Dabbene: 7BOLIVIA: no other data, S holotype, 4 $6, 4 29 paratypes, collected before 1 850 by Stevens (bmnh 1850.8.14.21, UGA 12834). Paratypes deposited BMNH, UGA. Discussion— Relationships —Aralichus glauco- gularis and A. manilatae are similar, approxi- mately the same size and with the same dorsal ornamentation; males have setae d5 and 15 seti- form, although setae d5 in the latter species have slight basal expansions. A major difference be- tween the two species relates to the modification of setae pai\ these have rounded comers in A. manilatae (fig. 4) and sharply angled comers in A. glaucogularis (fig. 22). Remarks— There are only five known speci- mens of Ara glaucogularis [until recently these skins were considered to be Ara caninde (Wagler)] in museum collections, two in the British Museum (Natural History) without collecting data, two in the Carnegie Museum from Bolivia, and one in the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, also from Bolivia (Ingels et al., 1981). The type locality for Aralichus glaucogularis is unknown as the col- lection was taken from one of the British Museum specimens, but is presumed to be Bolivia from the discussion of Ingels et al. (1981). This new mite species is very different from Ara- lichus araraunae from Ara ararauna and adds corroborative evidence that Ara glaucogularis is distinct from Ara ararauna (= Ara caninde). ATYEO «& PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII. II. ■ 200/xm 50 yarn 29 30 31/ 32 33 Figs. 24-33. 24-31, Aralichus aratingae, n. sp. Dorsal idiosomata: male (24), female (25). Male tarsus IV from: Aratinga pertinax (26), A. nana astec (27). Left male seta d5 from: Aratinga pertinax (28), A. nana astec (29), A. n. nana (30), A. a. aurea (31). 32, 33, Aralichus truncatus, n. sp. Male left seta d5 from: Aratinga auricapilla (32), A. jandaya (33). Abbreviations: ih = cupule; a = anal setae; cx3, cx4 = setae of coxae; d, e,f= tarsal setae; ga, gp = anterior and posterior genital setae; pae = external postanal setae. Scale L for tarsi. Aralichus aratingae Atyeo and Perez, NEW SPE- CIES. Figures 24-3 1. Holotype: Male, deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History. Type host: Aratinga p. pertinax (Lesson). Type locality: Cura9ao Island, Lesser Antilles. Diagnosis— Diameters of internal scapular se- tae greater than external scapulars, trochanters I shorter than femora I. Male setae pa/ not expanded anterior to alveoli, setae d5 with base of terminal filament almost in same axis as seta proper. Males less than 430 nm and females less than 455 nm in total length. Description— Male— Length 408 ± 2 (ol = 393^28, N = 20); width 234 ± 1 (ol = 227-243, N = 20). Gnathosoma: 69.7 ± 0.5 (ol = 66.6- 74.6, N = 20) X 87.3 ± 0.7 (ol = 82.3-92.1, N = 19). Prodorsum: Setae sce:sce 79.9 ± 0.6 (ol = 74.5-83.3, N = 20); sci:sci 30.7 ± 0.3 (ol = 27.4- 33.3, N = 20); sci 27.9 ± 1.0 (ol = 23.5-35.3, N = 12). Hysterosoma: Setae dl:dl 62.1 ± 1.1 (ol = 50.9-68.6, N = 19); d2:d2 91.7 ± 1.2 (ol = 84.3-100.0, N = 18); d3:d3 74.5 ± 0.8 (ol = 68.6- 82.3, N = 20); d5:d5 136.1 ± 0.7 (ol = 131.3- 143.1, N = 20); 15:15 146.4 ± 0.7 (ol = 141.1- 1 54.8, N = 20); dl :d2 68.8 ± 0.9 (ol = 60.8-76.4, N = 20); d2:d3 120.5 ± 0.7 (ol = 113.7-125.4, N = 20); dl.dS 189.3 ± 1.0 (ol = 178.4-196.0, N = 20); d3:d5 65.1 ± 0.4 (ol = 62.7-68.6, N = 20); 13 57.2 (ol = 54.9-62.7, N = 9); pai 61 A ± 0.4 (ol = 64.7-70.6, N = 18); terminal cleft 53.6 ± 0.3 (ol = 50.9-55.9, N = 15). Genital region: HELDIANA: ZOOLOGY ga:ga 21.0 ± 0.4 (ol = 19.6-23.5, N = 15); gp: gp 23.8 ± 0.6 (OL = 19.6-27.4, N = 16); ga:cx4 41.0 ± 0.5 (OL = 37.2-46. 1,N= \l);cx4:cx3 2A.9 ± 0.6 (OL = 2 1 .6-29.4, N = 1 8); ^a : genital organ 11.4 ± 0.5 (OL = 8.8-13.7, N = 15); ga.gp AlA ± 0.7 (OL = 43.1-50.9, N = 18). Ugs (femur to tarsus): I, 27.3-31.4, 35.3-37.2, 26.4-28.4, 41.2- 43.1 (37.2^4.1); II, 33.3-36.3, 35.3-37.2, 29.4- 31.4, 49.0-53.9; III, 25.4-29.5, 35.3-37.2, 23.5- 25.4, 54.9-60.8; IV, 27.4-29.4, 37.2-41.2, 27.4- 31.4, 58.8-62.7 (56.8-64.7). Female -Length 442 ± 1 (ol = 431^55, N = 20); width 239 ± 1 (ol = 231-247, N = 20). Gnathosoma, proterosoma, and legs similar to male. Prodorsum: Setae sce:sce 80.5 ± 0.8 (ol = 74.5-86.2, N = 20); 5a:5C/ 31.6 ± 0.5 (ol = 27.4- 35.3, N = 20); sci 49.2 ± 0.7 (ol = 45.1-54.9, N = 13). Hysterosoma: Setae dl.dl 67.3 ± 0.9 (ol = 60.8-72.5, N = 18); d2:d2 96.5 ± 0.9 (ol = 90.2-104.9, N = 1 8); d3:d3 62.6 ± 0.7 (ol = 58.8- 70.6, N = 18); 13:13 157.0 ± 1.0 (ol = 147.0- 1 68.6, N = 1 8); dl .dl IQS) ± 0.6 (ol = 63.7-76.4, N = 19); d2:d3 83.9 ± 1.0 (ol = 78.4-90.2, N = 19); d3\d5 121.9 ± 0.9 (ol = 113.7-129.4, N = 19); dl.d5 115.9 ± 1.2 (ol = 266.6-288.1, N = 19); /i 51.9 ± 1.0 (OL = 45.1-58.8, N = 20). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 29.4-32.4, 35.3-37.2, 25.4- 27.4, 42.2-47.0; II, 33.3-37.2, 35.3-36.3, 29.4- 31.1, 49.0-56.8; III, 26.4-30.4, 34.3-36.3, 25.4- 27.4, 58.8-64.7; IV, 28.4-30.4 (31.3-35.3), 41.2- 43.1, 29.4-31.4 (30.4-35.3), 73.5-78.4. Type Data (only adults as paratypes)— From Aratinga p. pertinax (Lesson): LESSER ANTIL- LES: Curasao Island, $ holotype, 9 $$, 9 22, 29 March 1908, N. Dearborn (fmnh 38022, uga 1 1700; FMNH 38023, uga 1 1702). From Aratinga p. aeruginosa (L.): VENEZUELA: Zulia: Encon- trados, 4 (5<5, 1 2, 12 February 1908, N. Dearborn (FMNH 34491, UGA 11714, 11715), and 2 <5<5, 1 2, same data except 1 3 February 1 908 (fmnh 34494, UGA 11712); Rio Anaure, 3 <5^, 12 January 1911, W. H. Osgood (FMNH 43290, uga 11716). From Aratinga p. lehmanni Dugand: COLOMBIA: Meta: Carimagua, 8 $$, 3 22, 8 March 1976, S. Fumiss (FMNH 297428, uga 11710). From Ara- tinga p. ocularis (Sclater & Salvin): PANAMA: Ve- raguas: 1 5 mi E of Santiago, (?E1 Villano), 4 $6, 3 22, 22 September 1924, R. R. Benson and Seaman (amnh 186684, uga 10425); Cape Mala Penin- sula, Cerro Largo, 1 6, 2 22, 1 July 1925, R. R. Benson (amnh 233 1 20, uga 10428); Chiriqui: Bo- queron, 2 66, 30 November 1901, W. H. Batty (amnh 106353, UGA 10429). ¥vom Aratinga p. sur- inama Zimmer &. Phelps: VENEZUELA: Ama- curo: (?Piacca), 1 <3, 25 January 1 932 (fmnh 9 1 864, UGA 1 1752). From Aratinga p. tortugensis (Cory): VENEZUELA: Nueva Esparta: Isla Tortuga, 7 4. erythrogenys (49), Pyrrhura perlata (50), P. leucotis (51), Z'. melanura (52), P. egregia (53), /*. cruentata (54), P. rhodogaster {55), P. rupicola (56). Abbreviations: /A = cupule; 6?, ^, /= tarsal setae. Scale L for tarsi. found on the larger Ara are larger than those en- countered on Aratinga and Pyrrhura species. The association o^ Aralichus nobilis on these three host genera is surprising until one recognizes that Ara nobilis is not a large species, it is similar in size to species of Aratinga and Pyrrhura. When species in unrevisedylr(2//c/iM5 groups were briefly studied, we found that those from Ara nobilis were smaller than those from other Ara species. We have recognized a size relationship between 12 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Figs. 57-60. Aralichus nobilis, sems. 57, Male in channel on ventral feather surface, moving away from rachis, a nymph is on the ramal wall, lower right. 58, Male terminis, dorsal aspect; upper arrow, seta pai, lower arrow, seta d5. 59, Male (right) coupled with nymph (left); left upper arrow, convex (proximal) wall of ramus; right upper arrow, Protolichus nymph; lower arrow, rachis (59). 60, Nymphal cast skin in angle formed by ramus (left) and rachis (right). some feather mite commensals and their hosts, but this is the first time one species of mite has provided a conclusive example. For mites living between the barbs of the exposed ventral surfaces of flight and tail feathers we can conclude that the optimal space requirements relate to the mite widths and the heights of the ramal walls. Thus, contrary to our earlier (unpubl.) hypothesis that interbarbal distance was a critical factor for mi- crohabitat occupation, these pterolichid mites ap- pear to require specific dimensions of the ramal walls. Biology — From Aratinga holochlora field col- lected in Mexico, we have biological information on Aralichus nobilis. These mites normally occupy the channels formed by adjacent barbs (rami) on the ventral surfaces of the middle and inner pri- maries and the outer secondaries. When p>opula- tions are large, the living area can expand to in- clude the outer primaries and inner secondaries. Aralichus nobilis moves on the proximal (con- vex) surfaces of the barbs; other species coexisting in the same channels move on the distal (concave) surfaces. When moving along the proximal wall, they change direction by simply making a 180° turn on the wall. As they approach the acute angle formed by the barb and rachis they move onto the wall of the rachis. Thus, when wedged into this angle for ecdysis (fig. 60) or for protection, their dorsal surfaces are in contact with the distal (con- cave) barbal wall. Note in Figure 59 a nymph of Protolichus; these mites move on the concave ra- mal walls, and when they wedge into the acute angle, they remain on the rami and their dorsal surfaces are in contact with the rachis. Aralichus nobilis and Protolichus lay their eggs on their re- spective ramal walls some distance from the ra- chis. Popp ( 1 967) made observations on the coupling of males and females of Pterodectes (Proctophyl- lodidae). He schematically represented this pro- cess; the male and female are aligned "head-to- head," the male moves over the female until his anterior legs are on the substrate and his posterior ATYEO & PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII. II. 13 legs grasp the female. Rarely have we seen coupled males and females of Aralichus nobilis, but we have observed many coupled males and nymphs. When physically forced apart, the male follows the nymph on the barbule surfaces rather than on the ramal wall (as in fig. 57). If the nymph is oriented toward the vane edge, it moves only a short dis- tance, then reverses direction and passes the trail- ing male by moving quickly to the barb wall; as soon as the male is passed, the nymph returns to the barbule surfaces and continues rapidly toward the rachis. The male's reaction to being passed is to immediately reverse direction, again to closely trail the nymph. When the nymph is oriented cor- rectly, it moves quickly to the angle of the barb and rachis, and orients as in Figure 59; then, the male palpates the nymphal hysterosoma rapidly with legs I and II. When "satisfied" that the nymph is the correct form, the male quickly turns 180° on the hysterosoma of the nymph and recouples. For coupled pairs, the females or nymphs deter- mine the direction of movement, and these forms are the ones who wedge into the ramal-rachis an- gles. As a nymph moves on the barbule surfaces, we believe physical cues determine the direction of movement, namely the ramal height as deter- mined by a tactile response to the elongate hu- meral setae. If the nymph moves away from the rachis, the ramal walls decrease in height, and eventually, the humeral setae are no longer in con- tact with these structures— at this point, the nymph reverses direction. When the nymph reaches the ramal-rachis angle, the dorsal propodosomal and the humeral setae contact various parts of the feather and the mite becomes stationary (fig. 59). Additional Material— From Aratinga acuti- caudata haemorrhous Spix: BRAZIL: Mato Gros- so: Capao Bonito, A $$, 1 2, 21 September 1937, E. R. Blake (fmnh 110556, uga 11605). VENE- ZUELA: Nueva Esparta: Isla de Margarita, Boca del Rio, 2 5<5, 1 2, 11 March 1909, J. F. Perry (fmnh 39136, UGA 1 1603). From Aratinga a. acu- ticandata (Vieillot): BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Andres Ibaiiez, 2 SS, 25 April 1937, F. Steinbach (fmnh 179085, UGA 11595). From Aratinga c. chloroptera (Souance): DO- MINICAN REPUBLIC: Samana: Samana, 15 <33, 6 22, 2 PNN, 9 September 1883, M. A. Frazar (fmnh 40307, UGA 1 1658), and 5 SS, 2 22, same data except 3 September 1883 (fmnh 40300, uga 1 1660); La Vega: Aguacata, 3 SS, 1 2, 29 February 1895, G. K. Cherrie (fmnh 1835, uga 1 1662); Mt. Tura, 18 35, 6 22, 29 January 1917, R. H. Beck (amnh 163828, ysu 2791; amnh 163827, ysu 2792); Manabao, 2 6S, 1 2, 29 May 1922, E. Kaempfer (amnh 474409, ysu 2793); San Rafael del Yuma, 1 S, 3 22, 9 January 1924, E. Kaempfer (amnh 474417, ysu 2794). COLOMBIA: Arauca: Rio Arauca, 8 SS, 1 2, 2 April 1959, K. von Snei- dem (fmnh 261082, uga 1 1380). From Aratinga erythrogenys (Lesson): ECUA- DOR: Guayas: Milagro, 14 3.3, 4 22, 1 L, 29 De- cember 1932, G. H. H. Tate (fmnh 57624, uga 11649; FMNH 57623, uga 11655; fmnh 57622, UGA 11651; FMNH 57623, uga 11655); Duran, 4 5(5, 1 2, 3 July 1920, H. E. Anthony (amnh 166838, UGA 10391); Manabi, Chone, 2 $$, 29 December 1912, W. B. Richardson (amnh 119681, uga 10393). PERU: Tumbes: Tumbes, 2 S$, 2 TNN, 29 July 1919, H. Watkins (amnh 151220, uga 10394); Piura: Palambla, 5 $$, 5 22, 12 October 1922, H. Watkins (amnh 175103, uga 10392). From Aratinga euops (Wagler): CUBA: Oriente: (?Yaleras), 8 $$, 5 22, January 1887, J. Gundlach (fmnh 40316, UGA 1 1668), and 8 <5(5, 2 22, same data except 28 October 1888 (fmnh 40318, uga 11666); (?Bayate), 3 $$, 3 22, 4 February 1910, ToUin (AMNH 399400, ysu 2787); Camaguey: Ca- magiiey, 3 55, 1 2, 16 March 1907, collector un- known (UFL, UGA 11312); Las Villas: San Juan de los Remedios, 1 5, 1 2, July-August 1 864, N. Bryant (AMNH 86886, YSU 2786). From Aratingafimchi (Salvin): GUATEMALA: San Lucas, 9 $S, 6 22, 26 June 1927, collector un- known (amnh 393721, uga 10378); Los Cipreses, 6 6$, 3 22, 1 L, 28 June 1925, collector unknown (AMNH 3937 1 8, UGA 10377; slide labels read ?Fin- ca Cipres), and 1 5, same data except 7 July 1925, collector unknown (amnh 406625, uga 10379); Corinto, 6 55, 3 22, 1 TN, 17 June 1917, Miller et al. (AMNH 143785, uga 10380). NICARAGUA: Chiandega: San Jeronimo, 3 55, 1 2, 2 April 1 904, C. F. Breniger (fmnh 15508, uga 11619), and 2 55, same data except 4 April 1904 (fmnh 1551 1, UGA 1 1621). EL SALVADOR: Volcan de San Ra- fael, 6 55, 1 2, 2 June 1912, J. van Rossen (fmnh 1 1 1277, UGA 11615). PANAMA: Boquete: Ense- nada de Quiel, 3 55, 1 2, 15 November 1934, col- lector unknown (fmnh 206803, uga 1 1622; fmnh 206804, UGA 11625). From Aratinga h. holochora (Sclater): MEXI- CO: Tamaulipas: El Limon, 4 55, 9 22, 7 TNN, 5 PNN, 2 LL, 17 June 1985, T. M. Perez and E. Mejia (tmp 55); near Gomez Farias, 13 55, 1 2, 5 September 1950, E. P. Edwards (fmnh 208673, UGA 11610), and 2 55, 14 August 1941, E. L. War- ber (fmnh 102802, uga 11612); Ciudad Victoria, 14 HELDIANA: ZOOLOGY 3 S$, 1 2, 24 April 1888, G. B. Sennett (amnh 81006, UGA 10375); 60 miles S Ciudad Victoria, 2 (55, 1 9, 1 3 July 1 94 1 , J. L. Robertson (nu 1 638); (?Canon Guinares), 4 6S, 1 2, 1 TN, 2 1 September 1908, collector unknown (amnh 393347, uga 10373); Rio Sabinas, 1 6, 17 April 1953, collector unknown (amnh 388714, uga 10374); Ciudad Mante, 2 dS, 1 2, 8 April 1986, A. Menchaca (tmp 67), and 1 S, same data except 17 October 1985 (tmp 69); Nuevo Leon: Montemorelos, 1 5, 1 3 June 1942, W. B. Davis (nu 1637); Chiapas, Prusia, 1 3, 1 2, 2 May 1942, H. W. Wagner (ufl, uga 1 1 3 1 3); 40 miles NW Arriaga, 3 S6, E. P. Edwards (fmnh 208671, UGA 1 1608, 1 1609). From Aratin- ga h. rubritorquis (Sclater): NICARAGUA: Jino- tega: San Rafael del Norte, \1$$, 11 22, 23 March 1917, Miller et al. (amnh 143788, uga 10938), and 1 3, 1 2, 16 May 1904, W. B. Richardson (amnh 474425, uga 10973), and 1 3, 10 March 1 905, W. B. Richardson (fmnh 2 1 865, uga 1 1 633). GUATEMALA: Zacapa: Gualan, 2 22, 1 PN, 1 5 February 1906, N. Dearborn (fmnh 22417, uga 11629). HONDURAS: Copan, 16 km SE Santa Rita, 1 2, 29 June 1935, C. F. Underwood (amnh 326002, UGA 10939), and 3 6$, same data except 30 June 1935 (amnh 326003, uga 10940). From Aratinga h. brevipes (Lawrence): MEXICO: Re- villagigedo Archipelago, Socorro Island, 5 $$, 5 22, 5 May 1897, collector unknown (amnh 474432, uga 10934; amnh 474431, uga 10933) (slide la- bels read Gigedo Islands, Socorro Islands, Revi- lla), and 1 <5, 1 2, 10 December 1901, R. H. Beck (AMNH 474429, UGA 10935). From Aratinga I. leucophthalmus (Miiller): BRAZIL: Amazonas: Rio Andira, S of Parintins, 7 6$, 2 22, 12 August 1930, Olalla Bros, (amnh 116119, UGA 10339), and 2 <5<5, same data except 1 0 August 1 930 (AMNH 276778, uga 1 0398); Tefe, 9 $$, 2 99, 10 July 1928, Olalla and Sons (amnh 308973, UGA 10400); Para: S of Santarem, 5 6S, 4 22, 2 June 1931, A. M. Olalla (amnh 285822, UGA 10396); 30 mi S of Santarem, 2 (5<5, 1 2, 31 March 1931, A. M. Olalla (amnh 285819, uga 10397). From Aratinga m. mitrata (Tschudi): PERU: Amazonas: S. Chachapoyas, 9 6$, 3 22, 2 February 1926, H. Watkins (amnh 235434, uga 10387). ARGENTINA: Tucuman: Tucuman, 1 2, 4 August 1898, collector unknown (amnh 474343, uga 10390); Salta, near La Caldera, 3 35, 1 2, 19 Oc- tober 1959, W. Partridge and D. Amadon (amnh 786576, UGA 10389). From Aratinga wagleri transilis Peters: VEN- EZUELA: Sucre: Cuchivano, 9 36, 8 22, 1 TN, 24 February 1 925, Tate and Clement (amnh 188158, UGA 10383), and 3 $$, 1 2, same data except 2 March 1925 (amnh 188 157, uga 10385); near Cu- mana, 2 S$, 2 22, 4 April 1898, collector unknown (AMNH 474368, UGA 10384); Rio Neveri, 2 SS, 1 2, 16 March 1925, Tate and Clement (amnh 188155, UGA 10386); Cerro Turumiquire, 5 S6, 4 22, 21 February 1932, E. R. Blake (fmnh 91882, UGA 1 1640; FMNH 91883, uga 1 1642). From Ar- atinga w. wagleri (G. R. Gray): COLOMBIA: Cau- ca: Rio Guachicono, 2 SS, 23 September 1958, K. von Sneidem (fmnh 255498, uga 1 1634); Bogota trade skin, no other data, 9 S6, 3 22, 3 TN exuvia (fmnh 13680, UGA 1 1636). From Pyrrhura cruentata (Wied): BRAZIL: Es- pirito Santo: Logoa Juparana, II 66, 1 22, 1 No- vember 1929, E. Kaempfer (amnh 317283, uga 10452), and 1 6, same data except 27 November 1 929 (AMNH 3 1 7284, uga 10449); Bahia, (?SE Boa Nova), 1 6, 5 June 1928, E. Kaempfer (amnh 241747, UGA 10450). From Pyrrhura egregia (Sclater): VENEZUE- LA: Bolivar: Mt. Roraima, Arabopo, 6 66, 3 29, 28 December 1927, T. D. Carter (amnh 236523, UGA 10497); Mt. Roraima, 2 66, 18 August 1885, H. Whitely (AMNH 474759, uga 10500; slide labels read T. D. Carter); Mt. Auyan-tepui, 1 3, 1 8 Au- gust 1938, G. H. H. Tate et al. (amnh 324139, UGA 10501). From Pyrrhura frontalis kriegi Laubmann: Bra- zil: Sao Paulo: Sao Sebastao, 8 66, 2 92, 19 August 1901, A. Hempel (fmnh 50092, uga 12534); Boa Vista, 1 6, 3 22, 4 August 1960, A. M. Olalla (fmnh 264773, uga 12536, 12537). From Pyrrhura I. leucotis (Kuhl): BRAZIL: Mi- nas Gerais: 9 66, 6 TNN, 3 PNN, 1 L, [circa 1 900], no other data (fmnh 53697, uga 12592); Bahia: 2 66, 2 22, no other data (fmnh 50095, uga 1 2594). From Pyrrhura I. auricularis Zimmer & Phelps: VENEZUELA: Sucre: Macuro, 3 33, 1 2, 15 June 1913, Miller and Iglseder (amnh 120355, uga 10483); Cerro Turumiquire, 1 3, 21 February 1932, E. R. Blake (fmnh 91870, uga 12580). From Pyr- rhura I. griseipectus Salvadori: BRAZIL: Ceara: Serra de Baturite, 1 3, 1 2, 22 July 1913, R. H. Becker (fmnh 45323, uga 12587). From Pyrrhura m. melanura (Spix): VENE- ZUELA: Amazonas: Rio Cunucunuma, 8 66, 4 22, 6 March 1913, Miller and Iglseder (amnh 1 20348, UGA 10502), and 7 66, 1 2, same data except 7 March 1913 (amnh 120351, uga 10503). PERU: Loreto: Iquitos, Rio Nanay, 3 66, 5 22, 26 October 1956, C. Kalinowski (fmnh 247140, uga 12601). From Pyrrhura m. berlepschi Salvadori: PERU: ATYEO & PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII. II. 15 San Martin: Hacienda Nuevo LotcXo, 2 SS, 4 29, 1 PN, July 1900, G. A. Baer (amnh 474719, UGA 12735). From Pyrrhura m. molinae (Massena & Sou- ance): Bolivia: Santa Cruz: Serrania de Santiago, 1 3, 25 January 1973, R. Steinbach (fmnh 295243, UGA 12552); Rio Grande, 1 3, 1 $, 6 November 1915, Miller and Boyle (amnh 1 3909 1 , uga 1 0484); Cochabamba: Yungas, 3 9$, 1 TN, 1 PN, 17 May 1921, J. Steinbach (fmnh 179111, uga 12548). From Pyrrhura m. phoenicura (Schlegel): Bolivia: Santa Cruz: San Carlos, 3 $6, 3 99, 26 September 1938, R. Steinbach (fmnh 179100, uga 12560, 12561; fmnh 179099, uga 12558). From Pyrrhura perlata anerythra Neumann: BRAZIL: Para: Rio Xingu, Tapara, 4 53, 3 99, 23 August 1931, A. M. Olalla (amnh 429124, uga 10461), and 8 S$, 2 99, 1 TN, same data except 23 September 1931 (amnh 429121, uga 10462). From Pyrrhura rhodogaster (Sclater): BRAZIL: Amazonas: Rio Andira, S of Parintins, 9 $$, 1 9, 5 September 1930, Olalla Bros, (amnh 277585, UGA 10464), and 4 $$, 1 9, same data except 4 October 1930 (amnh 277586, uga 10463). From Pyrrhura rupicola (Tschudi): BOLIVIA: La Paz: Yungas (prov.) [slide labels read ?Cocha- bamba dept., (?Yungas)], 7 $$, 5 99, 18 September 1885, H. H. Rusby (amnh 30835, uga 10551); PERU: Junin: Chanchamayo, 2 3<3, 3 September 1941, collector unknown (amnh 408549, uga 10512). From Pyrrhura r. sandei Bond & Meyer de Schauensee: PERU: Junin: Conchapen Mt., 3 $$, 1 TN, 6 September 1969, P. Hocking and G. Lopez (fmnh 287761, uga 12607). The leptosittacae M orphotype Diagnosis— Scapular shields separated from posterolateral margins of prodorsal shield by in- complete suture(s) (fig. 61); prodorsal shield gla- brous; external scapular setae extending posterior of setae dl ; internal scapular setae small; internal vertical setae not expanded; hysterosomal shield ornamented with weakly expressed circles (under phase contrast microscopy); distance dl :dl slight- ly less to greater than distance d2:d2; trochanters I subequal to femora I; trochanters II 12-14 yun longer than femora II. Male setae pai obliquely truncated posteriorly, expanded anterior of alve- oli; setae d5 basally expanded, asymmetrical (fig. 63); setae 15 with or without lateral expansions near bases; level of setae ga between levels of cx3 and cx4 (fig. 62); cupules ih circular with sclero- tized rims; seta d on tarsus IV postitioned dor- somesally at midlength of segment (fig. 64). Fe- male with posterolateral margins of hysterosoma striated. Included species— v4ra//c/?M5 leptosittacae, n. sp.; A. ognorhynchi, n. sp. Aralichus leptosittacae Atyeo and Perez, NEW SPECIES. Figures 57-60. Holotype: Male, deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History. Type host: Leptosittaca branickii Berlepsch and Stolzmann. Tyf>e locality: Huayllampampa, Huanuco, Peru. Diagnosis— Distance dl:dl equal to or greater than distance d2:d2\ males less than 470 ^ni in total length, setae pai attenuated anteromesally, tarsi IV 60.8-63.7 iim in length. Description— Male— Length 462 ± 2 (ol = 439-470, N = 20); width 282 ± 1 (ol = 278-289, N = 20). Gnathosoma: 78.2 ± 0.4 (ol = 76.4- 80.4, N = 20) X 98.8 ± 0.6 (ol = 94.1-103.9, N = 20). Prodorsum: Setae sce:sce 90.6 ± 0.8 (ol = 84.3-96.0, N = 20); sci:sci 35.4 ± 0.7 (ol = 27.4- 4 1 .2, N = 20); sci less than 1 4. Hysterosoma: Setae dl-.dl 111.1 ± 0.7 (OL = 100.0-127.4, N = 20); d2:d2 98.3 ± 1.0 (ol = 92.1-105.8, N = 19); d3: d3 76.5 ± 0.8 (OL = 68.6-85.3, N = 20); d5:d5 149.0 ± 1.0 (OL = 139.2-156.8, N = 20); 15:15 163.2 ± 0.4 (OL = 160.7-165.6, N = 18); dl:d2 57.5 ± 0.9 (OL = 51.9-65.7, N = 20); d2:d3 154.1 ± 0.8 (OL = 149.0-162.7, N = 20); dl:d3 211.8 ± 0.9 (OL = 205.8-221.5, N = 20); d3:d5 68.5 ± 0.7 (OL = 62.7-72.5, N = 20); 13 89.8 ± 0.8 (ol = 82.3-94. 1 , N = 1 7); pai 99.8 ± 0.8 (ol = 92. 1- 105.8, N = 20); terminal cleft 62.0 ± 0.7 (ol = 58.8-68.6, N = 19). Genital region: ga:ga 18.9 ± 0.5 (OL = 15.7-22.5, N = 18); gp:gp 18.2 ± 0.3 (ol = 15.7-21.6, N = 19); ga:cx4 50.2 ± 0.6 (ol = 45.1-54.9, N = 20); cx4:cx3 27.9 ± 0.3 (ol = 25.4-30.4, N = 20); ga : genital organ 15.7 ± 0.3 (OL = 13.7-17.6, N = 20); ga:gp 61.4 ± 0.5 (ol = 55.9-63.7, N = 19). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 37.2-39.2, 35.3-37.2, 31.4-33.3, 43.1^5.1; H, 45.1^9.0, 33.3-35.3, 33.3, 51.9-56.8; III, 27.4- 29.4, 36.3-39.2, 29.4, 58.8; IV, 27.4, 39.2^1.2, 31.4-33.3,60.8-63.7. Female -Length 510 ± 2 (ol = 493-524, N = 17); width 295 ± 3 (ol = 281-320, N = 17). Gna- thosoma, proterosoma, and legs similar to male. Prodorsum: Setae sce:sce 95.2 ± 0.7 (ol = 88.2- 16 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY 200 pun Figs. 61-64. Aralichus leptosittacae, n. sp. Male: 61, dorsal idiosoma. 62, ventral hysterosoma. 63, left seta d5. 64, left tarsus IV with setae d, e, f. Scale L for tarsus. 100.0, N = 17); sci:sci 36.1 ± 0.7 (ol = 31.4- 43. 1 , N = 1 6); sci less than 1 6. Hysterosoma: Setae dl-.dl 11 3.9 ± 1.8 (OL = 98.0-123.5, N = 16); d2: d2 102.9 ± 1.4(OL = 92.1-111.7, N= \5);d3:d3 76.1 ± 1.9 (OL = 64.7-83.5, N = 13); 13:13 180.2 ± 1.4 (OL = 172.5-192.1, N = 17); dl:d2 12 A ± 0.8 (OL = 64.7-78.4, N = 17); d2:d3 102.8 ± 1.7 (OL = 90.2-11 1.7, N= \5);d3:d5 133.0 ± 1.4 (ol = 117.6-143.1, N = 16); dl:d5 306.5 ± 2.2 (ol = 292.0-32 1 .4, N = 1 6); 13 49.9 ± 1 .6 (ol = 4 1 .2- 56.8, N = 1 3). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 39.2^ 1 .2, 39.2, 31.4-33.3, 49.0-50.9; II, 45.1-^9.0, 35.3, 32.3-33.3, 56.8; III, 27.4-29.4, 37.2, 31.4, 64.7; IV, 31.4-33.3, 47.0, 32.7-39.2, 80.4-82.3. Type Data (only adults as paratypes)— From Leptosittaca branickii Berlepsch 8l Stolzmann: PERU: Huiinuco: Huayllapampa, $ holotype, 1 1 66, 3 99, 3 June 1972, P. Hocking and M. Villar (fmnh 293350, uga 1 1 79 1 -2), and 2 66, 1 99, same data except 27 February 1973 (fmnh 296579, uga 1 1793); Junin: Maraynioc, 2 99, 6 April 1921, H. Watkins (amnh 169560, ysu 2905); (?Cumpang), 7 66, 6 99, August 1900, G. A. Barr (amnh A1A6\1, YSU 2904). COLOMBIA: NariAo: Llorente, 1 1 66, 2 99, 1 July 1970, K. von Sneidem (fmnh 287975, UGA 11795; FMNH 287973, uga 11797). ECUA- DOR: Imbabura: Pimampiro, 7 66, 5 99, 25 Sep- tember 1931, Olalla and Sons (fmnh 77378, uga 1 1 790). Paratypes deposited amnh, fmnh, unam, UGA. Aralichus ognorhynchi Atyeo and Perez, NEW SPECIES. Figures 65-68. Holotype: Male, deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History. Type host: Ognorhynchus icterotis (Massena and Souance). Type locality: Rio Touche, Tolima, Colombia. Dl\gnosis— Distance dl.dl less than distance d2:d2; males more than 470 urn in total length. ATYEO & PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII. II. 17 200 jam Figs. 65-68. Aralichus ognorhynchi, n. sp. Male: 65, dorsal idiosoma. 66, ventral hysterosoma. 67, left seta d5. 68, left tarsus IV. Abbreviations: Setae: cx3, cx4 = setae of coxae III, IV; d, e,f= tarsal setae; ga = anterior genital setae. Scale L for tarsus. setae pai rounded anteromesally, tarsi IV 68.6- 70.6 nm in length. Description— Male — Length 492 ± 2 (ol = 470-509, N = 21); width 280 ± 1 (ol = 270-289, N = 16). Gnathosoma: 78.5 ± 0.5 (ol = 72.5- 82.3, N = 21) X 100.2 ± 0.7 (ol = 94.1-103.9, N = 20). Prodorsum: Setae sceisce 89.5 ± 0.7 (ol = 76.4-95.1, N = 21); scr.sci 32.3 ± 0.8 (ol = 24.5—43. 1 , N = 2 1); 5a less than 1 2. Hysterosoma: Setae dl.dl 87.7 ± 1.7 (ol = 72.5-101.9, N = 21); d2:d2 109.7 ± 1.0 (ol = 101.9-117.6, N = 21); d3:d3 76.7 ± 0.8 (ol = 68.6-82.3, N = 21) d5:d5 152.4 ± 1.0 (ol = 141.1-160.7, N = 19) 15:15 170.2 ± 0.7 (OL= 164.6-174.4, N = 21); fi?i d2 61. S ± 0.7 (OL = 56.8-66.6, N = 21); d2:d3 164.3 ± 0.8 (OL = 154.8-168.6, N = 21); dl:d3 226.2 ± 1.2 (OL = 203.8-235.2, N = 21); d3:d5 82.7 ± 0.7 (OL = 76.4-88.2, N = 19); 13 69.7 ± 1.7 (OL = 58.8-78.4, N = 16); pai 103.8 ± 0.9 (ol = 98.0-113.7, N = 21); terminal cleft 78.1 ± 0.6 (ol = 70.6-82.3, N = 21). Genital region: gaiga 10.2 ± 0.4 (OL = 5.8-13.7, N = 20); gp:gp 24.6 ± 0.6 (OL = 19.6-27.4, N = 17); ga:cx4 58.2 ± 1.0 (OL = 52.9-64.7, N = 17); cx4:cx3 25.9 ± 0.5 (oL = 21.6-29.4, N = 17); ^a : genital organ 17.4 ± 0.6 (OL= 12.7-23.5, N = 21); ^a:^;? 65.8 ± 1.0 (OL = 58.8-72.5, N = 18). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 37.2-39.2, 35.3-37.2, 31.4-35.3, 47.0-50.9; II, 45.1-50.9, 33.3-36.3, 33.3-35.3, 54.9; III, 29.4- 31.4, 37.2, 31.4, 60.8-64.7; IV, 29.4-31.4, 41.2- 43.1, 35.3,68.6-70.6. Female -Length 527 ± 3 (ol = 509-547, N = 15); width 300 ± 2 (ol = 293-308, N = 15). Gnathosoma, proterosoma, and legs similar to male. Prodorsum: Setae sce.sce 88.7 ± 0.9 (ol = 84.4-96.0, N = 15); scr.sci 33.6 ± 0.9 (ol = 29.4- FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY 200 /jjn Figs. 69-72. Aralichus inermis (Megnin & Trouessart). Male: 69, dorsal idiosoma. 70, ventral hysterosoma. 71, left seta d5. 72, left tarsus IV. Abbreviations: cx3, cx4 = setae of coxae III, IV; d, e, f= tarsal setae; ga = anterior genital setae. Scale L for tarsus. 39.2, N = 15); sci less than 14. Hysterosoma: Setae dl-.dl 92.8 ± 0.9 (ol = 84.3-100.0, N = 15); d2: d2 ni.l ± 1.4 (OL = 1 13.7-133.3, N = 15); d3: dS 82.4 ± 2.2 (OL = 66.6-94.1, N = 14); 13 186.7 ± 1.5 (OL = 178.4-201.9, N = 15); dl.d2 80.6 ± 0.9 (OL = 76.4-90.2, N = 15); d2:d3 1 19.0 ± 1.5 (OL = 105.8-129.4, N = 14); d3:d5 135.7 ± 1.5 (OL = 125.4-141.1, N = 14); dl:d5 334.9 ± 2.7 (OL = 317.5-348.9, N = 14); 13 46.6 ± 1.4 (ol = 39.2-52.9, N = 1 2). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 39.2- 41.2, 36.3-39.2, 33.3-35.3, 49.0-50.9; II, 49.0- 52.9, 34.3-37.2, 34.3-35.3, 56.8-58.8; III, 31.4- 33.3, 35.2-39.2, 31.4-33.3, 64.7-69.6; IV, 31.4- 35.3, 47.0-^9.0, 37.2-39.2, 80.4-86.2. Type Data (ohfLv adults as paratypes)— From Ognorhynchus icterotis (Massena and Souance): COLOMBIA: Tolima: Rio Touche, $ holotype, 22 6$, 15 99, 1 TN, 2 PNN, 5 LL, 27 October 1911, A. A. Allen and L. E. Miller (fmnh 50924, uga 12526, 12527; fmnh 50923, uga 12525); eastern Quindio Andes, 5 $S, 4 99, 1 TN, 27 October 1911, A. A. Allen and L. E. Miller (amnh 1 1 1444, uga 10442); Cauca: west of Popayan, 5 66, 4 99, 17 July 1911, W. B. Richardson (amnh 109409, uga 10441); NariAo: Ricaurte, 19 66, 22 99, 7 TNN, 10 PNN, 3 April 1958, M. A. Carriker, Jr. (fmnh 251023, UGA 12530, 12531), and 14<53, 15 99, 12 TNN, 1 1 PNN, 2 LL, same data except 9 April 1958 (FMNH 251026, uga 12528, 12529; fmnh 251024, UGA 12532, 12533). BRAZIL: (?Fijeras), 9 66, 3 99, 1 TN, no other data (Gaud Collection). Paratypes deposited amnh, fmnh, gaud, \jks, NMNH, UNAM, uga. The inermis Morphotype Dl^gnosis— Scapular shields separated from posterior section of prodorsal shield by weakly sclerotized areas (fig. 69); prodorsal shield gla- brous; external scapular setae small; internal scap- ular setae small; internal vertical setae lanceolate; hysterosomal shield glabrous; distance dl .dl ap- proximately 75% of distance d2:d2. Male setae pa/ with interrupted striae (fig. 69); setae d5 expanded basally, asymmetrical (fig. 71); setae 15 expanded laterally; setae ga, cx3, and cx4 in diagonal line with ga lateral to anterior pair of genital discs (fig. 70); cupules ih circular with weakly sclerotized rims; seta ^ on tarsus IV positioned dorsolalerally, approximate to seta e (fig. 72). Female with pos- terolateral margins of the hysterosoma striated. ATYEO & PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII. II. 19 Included species— Aralichus inermis (Megnin & Trouessart). Aralichus inermis (Megnin and Trouessart). Fig- ures 69-72. Pterolichus (P.) denticulatus inermis Megnin and Trouessart, 1 884, p. 2 1 2; Trouessart and Megnin, 1885, p. 24. Pterolichus (Eupterolichus) denticulatus inermis: Ca- nestrini and Kramer, 1899, p. 38. Pterolichus denticulatus inermis: Favette and Troues- sart, 1904, p. 124. Protolichus denticulatus inermis: Dubinin, 1956, p. 304. Pterolichus inermis: Radford, 1958, p. 137. Aralichus inermis: Perez and Atyeo, 1986, p. 32. Tyjjes: Location unknown. Type host: Pionites leucogaster (Kuhl). Type locality: Unknown. Description— Male— Length 396 ± 1 (ol = 386-416, N = 20); width 227 ± 1 (ol = 216-239, N = 20). Gnathosoma: 63.2 ± 0.4 (ol = 60.8- 66.6, N = 20) X 77.3 ± 0.5 (ol = 74.5-80.4, N = 20). Prodorsum: Setae sce:sce 1^.1 ±0.5 (ol = 72.5-80.4, N = 20), scv.sci 26.7 ± 0.4 (ol = 22.5- 30.4, N = 20); sci less than 8. Hysterosoma: Setae dl.dl 54.9 ± 1.2 (OL = 45.1-64.7, N = 20); d2: d2 78.3 ± 1.2 (OL = 68.6-86.2, N = 19); d3:d3 70.3 ± 1.0 (OL = 62.7-78.4, N = 19); d5:d5 129.3 ± I.l (OL = 119.6-135.2, N = 19); 15:15 141 ± 0.8 (OL = 135.2-147.0, N = 19); dl:d2 46.3 ± 0.8 (OL = 39.2-52.9, N - 20); d2:d3 126.9 ± 1.1 (ol = 113.7-129.4, N = 20); dl:d3 167.5 ± 1.1 (ol = 158.8-178.4, N = 20); d3:d5 1\.\ ± 0.7 (ol = 64.7-76.4, N = 20); 13 55.2 ± 0.8 (ol = 49.0- 60.8, N= 16); /Jfl/ 113.0 ± 1.0 (ol= 105.8-121.5, N = 19); terminal cleft 54.3 ± 0.5 (ol = 50.9- 56.8, N = 18). Genital region: ga\ga 54.2 ± 0.7 (OL = 50.9-59.8, N = 17); gp\gp 25.2 ± 0.4 (oL = 21.6-27.4, N = 20); ga:cx4 20.7 ± 0.4 (ol = 17.6-23.5, N = 18); cx4:cx3 19.8 ± 0.5 (ol = 17.6-23.5, N = 17); ^a : genital organ 1.2 ± 0.3 (OL = 0-3.9, N = 1 8); ^a:^/7 3 1 .6 ± 0.5 (OL = 27.4- 37.3, N = 20). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 25.5-3 1 .4, 32.4-33.3, 25.4-28.4, 35.3^2.7; H, 31.4-33.3, 31.4-33.3, 28.4-31.4, 39.2^5.1; IH, 25.4-27.4, 29.4-31.4, 23.5-28.4, 45.1-50.9; IV, 25.4-29.4, 29.4-33.3, 26.4-29.4, 47.0-52.9. Female -Length 432 ± 3 (ol = 405-455, N = 21); width 238 ± 2 (ol = 227-250, N = 21). Gnathosoma, proterosoma, and legs similar to male. Prodorsum: Setae sce:sce 78.6 ± 0.8 (ol = 69.6-84.3, N = 21), sci:sci 26.5 ± 0.6 (ol = 21.6- 34.3, N = 21); 5a less than 10. Hysterosoma: Setae dl.dl 60.1 ± 1.2 (OL = 50.9-68.6, N = 20); d2: d2 84.3 ± 0.9 (OL = 78.4-93.1, N = 20); d3.d3 55.0 ± 1.0 (OL = 49.4-62.7, N = 17); 13.13 158.3 ± 1.1 (OL = 149.0-168.6, N = 21); dl:d2 52.7 ± 0.7 (OL = 48.0-58.8, N = 21); d2\d3 90.5 ± 1.4 (OL = 79.4-106.8, N = 15); d3:d5 1 19.6 ± 1.7 (ol = 104.9-129.4, N = 19); dl:d5 265.3 ± 2.1 (ol = 247.0-278.3, N = 19); 13 34.6 ± 0.8 (ol = 30.4- 42. 1 , N = 1 9). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 25.4-3 1 .4, 36.3-39.2, 33.3-35.3, 49.0-50.9; II, 49.0-52.9, 34.3-37.2, 34.3-35.3, 56.8-58.8; III, 31.4-33.3, 35.3-39.2, 31.4-33.3, 64.7-69.6; IV, 31.4-35.3, 47.0-49.0, 37.2-39.2, 80.4-86.2. Type Data— From Pionites leucogaster (Kuhl) (= Caica leucogaster), Brazil and Guyana; location of types unknown. Material Examined— From Pionites I. leuco- gaster (Kuhl): BRAZIL: Para: Penarides, 4 $$, 24 July 1879, J. B.Sture(AMNH 475687, UGA 10881); Igarape A9U, 14 33, 4 22, April 1904, A. Robert (amnh 475684, uga 10883). From Pionites I. xan- thomeria (Sclater): BRAZIL: Amazonas: Tefe, 4 $$, 4 22, 1 TN, April 1906, W. Hoffmanns (amnh 475689, UGA 10887). PERU: Loreto: Orosa, 7 $$, 4 22, 1 TN, 9 October 1 926, Olalla and Sons (amnh 230956, UGA 10884), and 4 $$, 5 22, 1 TN, same data except 28 October 1926 (amnh 230957, uga 10886). From Pionites m. melanocephala (L.): FRENCH GUIANA: Oyapock: (?Pied Saut), 1 3, 1 2, 14 Feb- ruary 1 9 1 8, S. M. Klages (amnh 233723, ysu 29 1 4). VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Mt. Auyan-tepul, 1 3, 20 March 1938, W. H. Phelps et al. (amnh 324155, YSU 2916), and \2 $S, 5 22, same data except 5 March 1938 (amnh 323291, ysu 2917). From Pionites m. pallida (Berlepsch): COLOMBIA: In- tendencia del Caqueta, 1 3, 2 22, 4 September 1 973, collector unknown (ufl, uga 11310). BRAZIL: 3 $$, 3 22, no other data (Gaud Collection). Discussion— Remarks— Megnin and Troues- sart (1884) described two new varieties (i.e., sub- species), Pterolichus (P. ) denticulatus inermis from Pionites leucogaster (p. 212) and P. (P.) hemi- phyllus microphyllus from Pionites melanogaster (pp. 2 1 3-2 1 4). The original descriptions are con- fusing for two reasons, firstly, there is only one Aralichus species associated with the two species of Pionites, and secondly, the authors described their two new varieties in different nominate spe- cies. The critical statement about Pterolichus dentic- ulatus inermis (p. 212) is it "Semblable au type, 20 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY mais a pattes anterieures depourvues des epines et cretes dentelees qui le distinguent." Aralichus denticulatus (Megnin «&. Trouessart) is character- ized in part by large apicoventral spines on the femora, genua, and tibiae of legs I and II, which are lacking in inermis; the only obvious similar- ities between inermis and denticulatus are the gen- eral body configuration and large setae pai of the males. For P. hemiphyllus microphyllus, Megnin and Trouessart state (pp. 213-214), "Cette variete est plus voisine du Pt. denticulatus que le type. . . ." No mention is made of spines or crests on the anterior legs, but from the description, one can assume they are present. The authors also mention that male setae pai are truncated. We assume that the type series for microphyllus was accidentally on museum study skins of Pionites melanoce- phala, and as the types are lost, the identity of this taxon may never be known. Therefore, we con- sider Aralichus microphyllus as incertae sedis; the synonymy for this species, a junior homonym, and renamed Pterolichus (Eupterolichus) leptophyllus by Canestrini and Kramer (1899), is placed after the descriptive section. The lunatus Morphotype Diagnosis— Scapular shields divided from gla- brous prodorsal shield by weakly sclerotized con- junctiva (fig. 73); external scapular setae small; internal vertical setae not expanded basally; hys- terosomal shield glabrous; distance dl .dl almost equal to distance d2:d2. Male with setae pai quar- ter-moon shaped (fig. 73); setae d5 narrow, sinuous (fig. 75); setae 15 not basally expanded; ga distant from genital organ and anterior to levels of setae cx3 and cx4 (fig. 74); cupules ih circular with weak- ly sclerotized rims; seta d on tarsus IV lateral, approximate to seta e (fig. 76). Females with pos- terolateral angles of hysterosoma striated. Included species— Aralichus lunatus, n. sp. Aralichus lunatus Atyeo and Perez, NEW SPE- CIES. Figures 73-76. Holotype: Male, deposited in the American Muse- um of Natural History. Type host: Deroptyus accipitrinus fuscifrons Hell- mayr. Type locality: Limontuba, Rio Tai)aj6s, Para, Bra- zil. Description— Male — Length 476 ± 3 (ol = 447-501, N = 20); width 249 ± 2 (ol = 224-254, N = 19). Gnathosoma: 72.0 ± 0.6 (ol = 68.6- 74.5, N = 14) X 87.2 ± 0.6 (ol = 84.3-90.2, N = 14). Prodorsum: Setae sce.sce 92.8 ± 0.7 (ol = 86.2-96.0, N = 18), sci:sciAOA ± 0.7 (ol = 33.3- 45. 1, N = 19); sci less than 8. Hysterosoma: Setae dl-.dl 74.9 ± 1.1 (OL = 74.7-80.4, N = 19); d2: d2 1 1 1.2 ± 1.5 (OL = 98.0-121.5, N = 19); d3:d3 77.2 ± 0.8 (OL = 70.6-85.3, N = 20); d5:d5 138.7 ± 2.1 (OL = 123.5-152.9, N = 17); 15:15 148.4 ± 1.3 (OL= 141. 1-158.8, N= \l)\dl:dm.6 ± 1.0 (OL = 64.7-82.3, N = 19); dl:d3 156.0 ± 0.9 (ol = 149.0-162.7, N = 19); dl:d3 229.2 ± 1.2 (ol = 223.4-239.1, N = 19); d3.d5 67.0 ± 0.9 (ol = 62.7-74.5, N = 20); 13 48.1 ± 0.9 (ol = 43.1- 56.8, N= 19);pa/ 114.3 ±0.9 (OL= 109.8-121.5, N = 20); terminal cleft 58.5 ± 0.7 (ol = 53.9- 64.7, N = 18). Genital region: ga.ga 1 1.8 ± 0.4 (OL = 9.8-14.7, N = 16); gp.gp 34.9 ± 0.6 (ol = 3 1.4-37.2, N= 1 4); ga:cjc¥ 4 1.5 ±0.6 (OL= 39.2- 45.1, N = 14); cx4:cx3 30.7 ± 0.5 (ol = 27.4- 33.3, N = 14); ^a : genital organ 33.1 ± 0.5 (ol = 29.4-37.2, N = 17); ga.gp 80.0 ± 0.6 (ol = 76.4- 84.3, N = 16). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 35.3-39.2, 34.3-37.2, 31.4-33.3, 45.1-49.0; II, 39.2^1.2, 32.4-34.3, 32.4-35.3, 50.9-56.8; III, 23.5-29.4, 32.4-39.2, 29.4-31.4, 56.8-60.8; IV, 29.4-33.3, 35.3-39.2, 33.3, 62.7-66.6 Female— Length 526 (ol = 509-540, N = 6); width 258 (ol = 247-270, N = 6). Gnathosoma, proterosoma, and legs similar to male. Prodorsum: Setae sce:sce 98.7 (ol = 94.1-103.9, N = 6); sci: sci 43.9 (ol = 41.2^7.0, N = 6); sci less than 10. Hysterosoma: Setae dl.dl 78.1 (ol = 74.5-84.3, N = 6); dl.dl 127.4 (oL = 1 17.6-145.0, N = 6); d3:d3 70.6 (ol = 62.7-78.4, N = 6); 13:13 182.2 (OL = 1 78.4-1 94.0, N = 6); dl :dl 92.9 (ol = 85.3- 98.0, N = 6); dl:d3 104.5 (ol = 96.0-1 1 1.7, N = 6); d3:d5 124.5 (ol = 1 19.6-131.3, N = 6); dl:d5 321.4 (OL = 305.8-333.2, N = 6); 13 26.3 (ol = 25.4-33.3, N = 5). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 37.2- 39.2, 33.3-37.2, 32.4-35.3, 47.0-49.0; II, 41.2, 32.3-34.3, 33.3-35.3, 54.9-56.8; III, 25.4, 33.3- 37.2, 29.4-33.3, 64.7-68.6; IV, 35.3-39.2, 37.2- 39.2, 36.3-37.2, 78.4-82.3. Type Data (only adltlts as paratypes)— From Deroptyus accipitrinus fuscifrons Hellmayr: BRA- ZIL: Para: Rio Tapajos, Limontuba, $ holotyf)e, 12 (5(5, 1 9, 1 August 1931, A. M. Olalla (amnh 288252, Ysu 2971; amnh 288251, ysu 2969); 10 (5(3, 2 92, same data except 6 August 1931 (amnh 288250, ysu 2970 = uga 7589); Igarape-Afu, 1 3, 1 9, 21 March 1904, A. Robert (amnh 475542, ATYEO &. PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINI!. II. 21 Figs. 73-77. 73-76, Aralichus lunatus, n. sp. Male: dorsal idiosoma (73), ventral hysterosoma (74), left seta d5 (75), left tarsus IV with setae d, e, /(76). 77, Aralichus weddellii n. sp. Male, dorsal idiosoma. Scale L for tarsus. YSU 2972); Rio Majary off Rio Xingu, 5 $S, 1 9, 9 September 1 93 1 , A. M. Olalla (amnh 429 1 6 1 , uga 7588). From Deroptyus a. accipitrinus (L.): SU- RINAM: Near Paramaribo, 2 35, 2 99, 30 March 1913, collector unknown (amnh 313415, ysu 2973). VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Prision, 1 3, 1 9, 13 December 1900, E. Andre (amnh 475540, ysu 2975); Amazonas: Orinoco Valley, Rio Suapuri, 1 $, 1 April 1900, S. M. Klages (amnh 475539, ysu 2976). Paratypes deposited amnh, fmnh, gaud, LAS, UN AM, UGA. Additional Material— From Deroptyus a. ac- cipitrinus: GUYANA: Demerara, 3 99, no date, A. WoUe, Sr. (nmnh 91974, uga 12223); BRAZIL: Para: Benevides, 2 99, 1 PN, 19 August 1965, P. S. Humphrey (nmnh 516198, uga 12223); Ama- 22 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY pa: Porto Platon, 1 9, 3 November 1 964, collector unknown (nmnh 514702, uga 12225). Etymology— From Latin lunatus, shaped like a crescent moon, to refer to the shape of male setae pai. Discussion— Remarks— The specimens listed under additional material were prepared after this study was completed and are not included in the morphometric data. The weddelUi Morphotype Diagnosis— Scapular regions without sclerites, with broad striae (fig. 77); prodorsal shield gla- brous; external scapular setae small, internal ver- tical setae setiform; hysterosomal shield with small pits posterior to setae d2\ distance dl.dl greater than distance d2:d2. Male with setae pai short, posteriorly truncated, anteriorly attenuated; setae d5 expanded laterally near bases; setae 15 without basal expansions; setae ga, cx4, cx3 in diagonal line with ga anterior to genital organ; cupules ih circular with sclerotized rim; seta d on tarsus IV positioned dorsomesally (as in fig. 64). Female with posterolateral margins of hysterosoma rugose. Included species— ^ra//c/iM5 weddellii, n. sp. Aralichus weddellii Atyeo and Perez, NEW SPE- CIES. Figure 77. Holotype: Male, deposited in the American Muse- um of Natural History. Type host: Aratinga weddellii (Deville). Type locality: 8 mi N Santa Cruz, Beni, Bolivia. Description— Male — Length 481 (ol = 470- 517, N = 10); width 254 (ol = 239-262, N = 10). Gnathosoma: 8 1 .8 (ol = 78.4-88.2, N = 8) x 90.2 (OL = 87.2-94.1, N = 6); Prodorsum: Setae see: see 84.0 (OL = 80.4-88.2, N = 10); sei:sei 3 1 .7 (ol = 27.4-34.3, N = 10); sei 16.4 (ol = 12.8-19.6, N = 8). Hysterosoma: Setae dl .dl 7 1 .2 (ol = 62.7- 78.4, N = 9); d2.d2 73.5 (ol = 66.6-78.4, N = 10); d3:d3 57.7 (ol = 51.9-62.7, N = 9); d5.d5 77.3 (OL = 70.6-82.3, N = 10); 15:15 96.5 (ol = 92.1-100.0, N = 9); dl:d2 79.8 (ol = 72.5-87.2, N = 10); d2:d3 167.3 (ol = 158.8-174.4, N = 9); dl:d3 246.2 (ol = 235.2-260.7, N = 9); d3:d5 52.0 (OL = 49.0-55.9, N = 10); 13 60.9 (ol = 58.8- 63.7, N = 8); pai 58.3 (ol = 55.9-62.7, N = 4); terminal cleft 47.3 (ol = 43.1-52.9, N = 9). Gen- ital region: ga.ga 15.4 (ol = 12.8-17.6, N = 8); gp.gp 28.2 (OL = 24.5-31.4, N = 8); ga:ex4 28.5 (OL = 24.5-33.3, N = 10); ex4:ex3 30.2 (ol = 27.4- 35.3, N = 10); ga : genital organ 14.7 (ol = 1 1.8- 17.6, N = 8); ga.gp 54.2 (ol = 51.9-56.8, N = 8). Legs (femur to tarsus): I, 35.3-37.2, 43.2^7.0, 29.4-33.3, 51.9-54.9; II, 39.2^1.2, 29.4-31.4, 34.3-37.7, 60.8-64.7; III, 33.3-37.2, 41.2^3.1, 26.4-27.4, 53.9-56.8; IV, 41.2^7.0, 43.1^7.0, 27.4-31.4, 58.8-62.7. Female -Length 496 (ol = 470-520, N = 7); width 268 (ol = 254-285, N = 7). Gnathosoma, proterosoma, and legs similar to male. Prodorsum: Setae see.see 85.4 (ol = 81.4-89.2, N = 7); sei.sci 32.5 (OL = 30.4-34.3, N = 6); sei 26.8 (ol = 25.4- 29.4, N = 3). Hysterosoma: Setae dl.dl 74.6 (ol = 68.6-86.2, N = 7); ^2:^2 91.1 (oL = 84.3-96.0, N = 6); d3:d3 73.8 (ol = 66.6-80.4, N = 7); 13: 13 168.7 (OL = 161.7-176.4, N = 7); dl:d2 84.1 (ol = 80.4-88.2, N = 7); d2:d3 83.3 (ol = 78.4- 88.2, N = 6); d3:d5 148.6 (ol = 143.1-156.8, N = 6); dl:d5 315.2 (ol = 297.9-329.3, N = 7); 13 44.4 (OL = 35.3-49.0, N = 6). Legs (femur to tar- sus): I, 31.4-33.3, 39.2, 27.4-29.4, 51.9-52.9; II, 35.3-37.2, 37.2-39.2, 29.4-31.4, 58.8; III, 29.4- 31.4, 36.3-37.2, 26.4-27.4, 62.7-64.7; IV, 39.2, 39.2-41.2, 31.4-33.3, 76.4-78.4. Type Data (only adults as paratypes)— From Aratinga weddellii (Dewille): BOLIVIA: Beni: 8 mi N Santa Cruz, S holotype, 6 6S, 6 99, 8 May 1965, collector unknown (amnh 791767, uga 10415). ECUADOR: Pastaza: Sarayacu, 3 SS, 1 9, February 1 880, C. Buckley (bmnh 1 889. 1 .3.96, uga 1 2847). Paratypes deposited amnh, bmnh, uga. Discussion — Remarks —The males of most Araliehus species have setae pai each with two conspicuous dorsal vanes (strengthening devices) originating near the setal base (fig. 58). These setae in A. weddellii are uniquely shaped (fig. 77) and have one obvious vane, but it appears that the internal margins may be bent dorsad, in effect cre- ating a second strengthening structure. The tapering hysterosoma posterior to legs III of the male is similar to males oi Araliehus por- reetus (Megnin and Trouessart) and related species from Brotogeris Vigors (Atyeo, 1989b), and A. hastifolia (Megnin and Trouessart) from species of Enieognathus Gray (Atyeo, 1989a). A result of the tapering is the narrowing of the terminal cleft (as reflected in the morphometric data). ATYEO & PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII. II. 23 Species incertae sedis Aralichus leptophyllus (Canestrini and Kramer) Pterolichus {P. ) hemiphyllus microphylliis Megnin and Trouessart, 1884, pp. 213-214; Trouessart and Megnin, 1885, p. 25. Pterolichus microphylliis: Trouessart, 1 899, p. 42. Pterolichus (Eupterolichus) microphylliis: Canestrini and Kramer, 1899, p. 38. Pterolichus {Eupterolichus) leptophyllus Canestrini and Kramer, 1899, p. 193 {nom. nov.). Pterolichus microphylliis: Favette and Trouessart, 1 904, p. 123; Radford, 1958, p. 137. Protolichus microphylliis: Dubinin, 1956, p. 304. Aralichus microphylliis: Perez and Atyeo, 1986, p. 32. Type data: From Pionites melanocephala (L.) (= Caica melanocephala), Guyana, Equator; lo- cation of types unknown. As first revisers, Canestrini and Kramer (1899, p. 193) proposed Pterolichus {Eupterolichus) lep- tophyllus as a new name for P. {E. ) microphylliis (Megnin & Trouessart) [= Pterolichus (P.) hemi- phyllus microphylliis Megnin & Trouessart, (1 884, p. 2 1 3)] from Pionites melanocephala (= Amazona melanocephala) (Psittacidae) because microphyl- lus had also been proposed for Pterolichus micro- phyllus Megnin & Trouessart (1884, p. 429) from Tauraco macrorhynchus verreauxii (Schlegel) (Musophagidae). Currently the musophagid mite is the type species of Touracobia Gaud & Mouchet. The reasons for considering this species as in- certae sedis are given in the discussion for Arali- chus inermis (p. 21). Host- Commensal Associations Investigations of New World parrot mites have been underway since the early 1980s. In Mexico we have field-collected species of Amazona, Ar- atinga, Forpus, and Pionus. From museum study skins we have collections from 131 of 1 38 species of extant and from 1 of 3 extinct species of New World parrots. For some species, there are only a few collections of feather mites; this may reflect the prevalence of the commensals and/or the lim- ited representation of some host species in orni- thological collections, e.g., there are five known specimens of Ara glaucogularis in museum col- lections, and we were fortunate to obtain a collec- tion from the one skin examined. Conversely, the single skin examined of the extinct Ara tricolor produced no feather mites. Another point about feather mite collections from museum study skins (see Atyeo & Braasch, 1 966, for an explanation of this collecting tech- nique), we define "collection" as recovered de- hydrated mites from a single skin. Each such col- lection is given a mite accession number and the captured data includes the accession number of the avian study skin. A collection may not contain all of the commensal species known to occur on a host species because the prevalence of mite spe- cies varies among and between localities, and some commensal species occur in protected microhab- itats (e.g., body feathers) where it is difficult to obtain specimens by our collecting technique (see Mejia-Gonzalez & Perez, 1988, for a discussion of this problem). Thus, an individual collection often contains large numbers of mites which in- habit exposed feather surfaces and few individuals from protected areas. In discussing host-parasite relationships, it is interesting to consider the classification of Wolters (1975) in which New World parrots are arranged in six subfamilies of the Psittacidae. Employing the genera recognized by Forshaw (1978), Wol- ters's arrangement is: Aratinginae (13 genera), Forpinae (2 genera), Brotogeryinae (2 genera), Pionitinae (1 genus), Amazoninae (8 genera), and Triclariinae (1 genus). Based on our collections and loaned material, we present evidence that there is a general con- gruence between feather mite commensals and host taxa (as arranged by Wolters, 1975). Considering the Pterolichinae (except Rhytidelasma Gaud, whose distribution is similar to Protolichus Trouessart), it is evident that many parrot genera harbor similar feather mite faunas. Shared faunas can be extensive, but in a few instances, small species groups are restricted to one or two host genera. The known hosts of the Aralichus canestrinii complex are species of the Aratinginae (6 genera), Pionitinae (1 genus), and the Amazoninae (1 ge- nus) (table 1). Many hosts of the Aralichus canes- trinii complex harbor species of other pterolichine genera ox Aralichus species complexes. These sim- ilarities in feather mite faunas are more impressive when non-canestrinii groups are considered. The Aralichus vazquezae Perez & Atyeo complex and Distigmesikya Atyeo, Gaud, and Perez species are associated only with hosts harboring the canestri- nii complex. For the other mite genera and species '^A FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Table 1 . Host and commensal associations among parrots harboring species of the Aralichus canestrinii complex. Genus D Aratinginae Aratinga 18/19 16 11 16 — Pyrrhura 17/18 9 15 17 — Ara 13/15* 12 10 1 8 Anodorhynchus 2/3 1 2 — 1 Leptosittaca 1/1 1 — — — Ognorhynchus 1/1 1 — — — Pionitinae Pionites 2/2 2 - - - Amazoninae Deroptyus 1/1 1 - — 1 1 18 9 12 1 1 A = Number of species with pterolichine feather mites/number of species within genus; B-G = number of host species harboring: Aralichus canestrinii complex (B), A. cribriformis complex (C), A. vazquezae complex (D), Distig- mesikya species (E), Echinofemur species (F), Protolichus species (G). — = No host species harboring these mites. • Includes two extinct species. complexes listed in Table 1 , Echinofemur Atyeo and Perez is also associated with the Brotogeryinae (Brotogeris); the A. cribriformis (Megnin and Trouessart) complex with other Aratinginae {Nan- dayus, Rhyncopsitta, Conuropsis), the Forpinae (Forpus), and the Brotogeryinae (Brotogeris); and Protolichus species are associated with numerous taxa of the Aratinginae, Forpinae, Amazoninae, and Triclariinae. If one considers that similarities in parasite fau- nas may reflect host phylogeny, the genera Ara, Aratinga, Pyrrhura, and possibly Anodorhynchus, may share a recent common ancestor. This con- clusion reflects some ideas of Forshaw (1978, pp. 361-362) when he observed that "Conditions fa- vouring radiation must have been prevalent on the continent [South America] because we find that in many groups, including parrots, speciation has been rampant . . . there is a uniformity of types in parrots of the South American distribution. The imiformity is well illustrated by the fact that of the one hundred and thirty-eight extant species in the South American Distribution no less than ninety- two belong to only six genera, of which two {Ara and Aratinga) are closely related." On the basis of these shared acarofaunas, Deroptyus (Amazonin- ae) and possibly Pionites (Pionitinae) might be as- signed to the Aratinginae sometime in the future. By expanding Table 1 to include the species of the parrot genera on which the A. canestrinii com- plex occurs, some interesting associations are dis- covered (table 2). Ara nobilis has species of four mite groups typical for Aratinga, but this may be a reflection of the size of these parrots; Ara nobilis is the smallest Ara species and is in the same size range as Aratinga species. If one of the parameters for inhabitation by feather mites is the living space provided by the channels of the feather vanes, then based on wing size (and vane size), the microhab- itats on Ara and Aratinga species harboring /Ira// - chus nobilis must be similar. To expand the con- cept of size relationships, by comparing wing lengths (and presumably wing lengths and barbal heights are correlated), for the canestrinii complex, the smaller mite species are associated with small- er parrots, the largest mite species with large par- rots, etc. Although Forshaw considers Ara and Aratinga as extremely close, some elements of their feather mite faunas are distinct. Ara and Anodorhynchus are the only taxa with Distigmesikya associates. Ara (except A. nobilis) lacks members of the Arali- chus vazquezae complex (table 2, column Q, a common group on Aratinga and Pyrrhura species. The more striking similarities in commensal faunas are those oi Aratinga and Pyrrhura. A num- ber of species in both genera share members of four Pterolichinae groups. In a few cases Echino- femur is known; however, as these mites occur in protected areas on the parrots and there are few specimens in our collections, the host-commensal associations are incomplete. It is possible that for some parrot species for which canestrinii associates are unknown, they will be discovered in the future. However, for some species, this will probably not be the case. For example, we have examined field-collected Ara- tinga canicularis and have 77 museum collections from this host; we have never found specimens of the canestrinii complex. ATYEO & PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII. II. 25 Table 2. Hosts of the Aralichus canestrinii complex arranged by similarities of pterolichine faunas (except Rhy- tidelasma). Species D Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus + + - glaucus — + — leari 0 Ara ambigua ^ + + - ararauna + + — auricollis + + — chloroptera + + - couloni + + — militaris + + - severa + + - maracana + + — manilata + + — nobilis 1 + + macao + — — glaucogularis + - - rubrogenys — — — autocthones* 0 tricolor* 0 Cyanopsitta spixii 0 Aratingu nana 3 + + pertinax 3 + + aurea 3 + + jandaya 2 + + auricapilla 2 + + acuticaudata + + mitrata + + chloroptera - + erythrogenys — + holochlora — + finschi - + euops — — leucophthalmiis — — wagleri — — weddellii + + + cactorum — + + canicularis — + + solstitialis - + + guarouba - - + Pyrrhura leucotis + + melanura + + rupicola + + cruentata + + egregia + + perlata + + rhodogaster + + frontalis + + molinae + + calliptera — + + hoematotis — + + rhodocephala - + + albipectus — + + hqffjfmanni - + + — 7 " 1 + 4 + 12 + 6 + 15 + 5 + 8 + 8 + 9 + 4 + 17 + 13 — 1 + 7 + + 46 + + 41 — + 17 — + 7 - + 10 — + 13 — + 8 — + 11 — + 9 — + 18 — + 12 — + 7 — + 5 — + 12 + + 12 + + 12 + + 80 + + 9 — — 4 + 13 - + 10 — + 3 — — 5 — — 5 — — 7 — — 5 — + 11 — + 14 — + 5 — + 3 — + 8 — — 2 - - 7 26 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Table 2. Continued. Species D picta viridicata _ hypoxantha - devillei 0 Leptosittaca branickii + Ognorhynchus icterotis + Pionites leucogaster + melanocephala + Deroptyus accipitrinus + 14 5 1 8 10 11 A = Aralichus canestrinii complex, B = /I. cribriformis complex, C = A. vazquezae complex, D = Distigmesikya species, E = Echinofemur species, F = Protolichus species, G = number of mite collections available for study from host species. * = extinct species. Numbers in column A represent species shared by more than one host: 1 = Aralichus nobilis; 2 = A. truncatus, n. sp.; 'i = A. aratingae, n. sp. The plus ( + ) and minus (-) signs in columns A-F refer to the presence or absence of mites on a particular host. A zero denotes no collection from the named parrot species. Blank spaces indicate no new data. Acknowledgments We wish to thank Allison V. Andors of the American Museum of Natural History for his help in providing information and literature about Ara glaucogularis. We are indebted to John B. Kethley (Field Museum of Natural History), Preston E. Hunter (University of Georgia), and Barry M. CXlonnor (University of Michigan) for reviewing this manuscript and for their excellent suggestions. The systematic research was supported by the National Science Foundation (BSR 85-07941 and 89-08301) and the Field Museum of Natural His- tory through a travel grant from the Thomas J. Dee Fellowship Fund. The biological studies were supported by NSF (INT 85-02081) and CONA- CYT (PCECCEU-023186). Literature Cited Atyeo, W. T. 1988. Feather mites of the Aralichus canestrinii (Trouessart) complex (Acarina, Pterolichi- dae) from New World parrots (Psittacidae) I. From the genera Ara Lacepdde and Anodorhynchus Spix. Fieldiana: Zoology (New Series), 47: 1-26. . 1989a. Aralichus hastifolia (Megnin and Trouessart), a species of feather mites (Acarina, Pter- olichidae) restricted to species of the parrot genus En- icognathus Gray (Aves, Psittacidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 62: 329-334. 1 989b. Aralichus porrectus (Megnin & Troues- sart) and related feather mite species (Acarina, Pter- olichide) from parrots of the genus Brotogeris Vigors (Aves, Psittacidae). Systematic Parasitology, 14: 101- 111. Atyeo, W. T., and N. L. Braasch. 1966. The feather mite genus Proctophyllodes (Sarcoptiformes: Procto- phyllodidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 5: 1-354. Canestrini, G., AND P. Kramer. 1899. Demodicidae und Sarcoptidae. Das Tierreich, 7: 1-193. Dubinin, W. B. 1956. Feather mites (Analgesoidea). Part III. Family Pterolichidae. Fauna SSSR, Pau- koobraznye, 6(7): 1-813. [In Russian.] Favette, J., AND E. L. Trouessart. 1904. Monogra- phic du genre Protolichus (Trt) et revision des Sar- coptides plumicoles (Analgesinae) qui vivent sur les perroquets. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France, 17: 120-166 + pis. V-XV. FoRSHAW, J. M. 1978. Parrots of the World, 2nd ed. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne, 616 pp. Gaud, J. 1966. Nouvelle definition de la famille des Pterolichidae, Megnin & Trouessart et creation de gen- res nouveaux appartenant ^ cette famille. Acarologia. 8: 115-128. Ingels, J., K. C. Parkes, and J. Farrand, Jr. 1981. ATYEO & PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII. II. 27 The status of the macaw generally but incorrectly called Ara caninde (Wagler). La Gerfaut, 71: 282-294. Megnin, p., and E. L. Trouessart. 1884. Les Sar- coptides plumicoles. Journal de Micrographie, 8: 21 1- 219,428-436. MejIa-GonzAlez, E., and T. M. Perez. 1988. Three new species of Fainalges (Gaud and Berla) (Analgoi- dea: Xolalgidae) with descriptions of their develop- mental series. Acarologia, 29: 73-86. Perez, T. M., AND W. T. Atyeo. 1984a. Site selection in feather and quill mites of Mexican parrots, pp. 563- 570. In Griffiths, D. A., and C. E. Bowman, eds., Acarology VI, vol. 1. Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, England. . 1984b. Feather mites, feather lice, and than- atochresis. Journal of Parasitology, 70: 807-8 1 2. 1986. Una especie nueva de Aralichus Gaud (Acarida: Pterolichidae: Pterolichinae), representante de im complejo de especies nuevo. Anales del Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia, 56: 31-38. Popp, E. 1967. Die Begattung bei den Vogelmilben Pterodectes Robin (Analgesoidea, Acari). Zeitschrift fur Morphologic und Okologie der Tierre, 59: 1-32. Radford, C. D. 1958. The host-parasite relationships of the feather mites (Acarina: Analgesoidea). Revista brasileira de Entomologia, 8: 107-170. Trouessart, E. L. 1899. Diagnoses preliminaires d'es- peces nouvelles d'Acariens plumicoles. Additions et corrections a la sous-famille des Analgesines. Bulletin de la Societe d'Etudes scientiiiques d' Angers, 28: 1- 62. Trouessart, E. L., and P. Megnin. 1885. Les Sar- coptides plumicoles ou Analgesines. Octave Doin, Paris. 84 pp. + 2 pis. WoLTERS, H. E. 1 975 ( 1 982). Die Vogelarten der Erde. Paul Parey, Berlin. 745 pp. (Lieferung 1, pp. 1-80, originally published September 1975.) 28 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Host Index (I) refers to Part I of this study (Atyeo, 1988) and (II) refers to the current study. accipitrinus. Deroptyus (II) 22, 27 acuticaudata, Aratinga (II) 14, 26 aeruginosa. Aratinga pertinax (II) 9 albipectus, Pyrrhura (II) 26 Amazona (I) 2 Amazoninae (I) 6; (11) 24, 25 ambigua. Ara (I) 14; (II) 4, 26 anerythra, Pyrrhura perlata (II) 16 Anodorhynchus (I) 2; (II) 25 y4ra (I) 2; (II) 12,25 /Ira/m^a (II) 11, 25 Aratinginae (I) 6; (II) 24, 25 ararauna, Ara (I) 16; (II) 6, 26 astec, Aratinga nana (II) 9, 10 aurea, Aratinga (II) 10, 26 auricapilla, Aratinga (II) 26 auricollis. Ara (II) 4, 26 auricularis. Pyrrhura ieucotis (II) 1 5 aurifrons, Aratinga auricapilla (II) 11 autocthones. Ara (II) 26 berlepschi, Pyrrhura melanura (11) 15 branickii, Leptosittaca (II) 1 7, 27 brevipes. Aratinga holochlora (II) 1 5 Brotogeris (II) 23, 24 Brotogeryinae (I) 6; (II) 24 cactorum, Aratinga (II) 26 calliptera, Pyrrhura (II) 26 canicularis, Aratinga (II) 26 caninde, Ara (II) 7 castaneifrons, Ara severa (I) 22 chloroptera. Ara (I) 11; (II) 4, 26 chloroptera. Aratinga (II) 14, 16 cou/om. /Ira (I) 21; (II) 6, 26 Conuropsis (II) 25 Coracopinae (I) 6 cruentata, Pyrrhura (II) 15, 26 cumananensis, Ara nobilis (1) 23 Cyanopsitta (II) 26 Deroptyus (II) 25 devillei. Pyrrhura (II) 27 egregia, Pyrrhura (II) 15, 26 erythrogenys, Aratinga (II) 14, 26 euops, Aratinga (II) 14 finschi, Aratinga (II) 14, 26 Forpinae (I) 6; (II) 24 forpuj (II) 25 frontalis, Pyrrhura (11) 15, 26 fuscifrons, Deroptyus accipitrinus (II) 21 gaurouba, Aratinga (II) 26 glaucogularis, /Ira (II) 7, 26 glaucus, Anodorhynchus (II) 26 griseipectus. Pyrrhura Ieucotis (II) 15 haemorrhous, Aratinga acuticau- data (W) 14 hoematotis, Pyrrhura (II) 26 hoffmanni, Pyrrhura (II) 26 holochlora, Aratinga (II) 14, 26 hyacinthinus, Anodorhynchus (l) 25; (II) 5, 26 hypoxantha, Pyrrhura (II) 27 icterotis, Ognorhynchus (U) 19, 27 jandaya, Aratinga (II) 11, 26 kriegi, Pyrrhura frontalis {\l) 15 /ear/, Anodorhynchus (II) 26 lehmanni, Aratinga pertinax (II) 9 Leptosittaca (II) 25 leucogaster, Pionites (II) 20, 27 leucophthalmus, Aratinga (II) 1 5, 26 Ieucotis, Pyrrhura (II) 15, 26 longipennis, Ara nobilis (I) 23 macao, /Ira (I) 11; (II) 26 macrorhynchus, Tauraco (II) 24 manilata, Ara (I) 20; (II) 6, 26 maracana, Ara (I) 24; (II) 6, 26 melanocephala, Pionites (II) 20, 2 1 , 24,27 melanura, Pyrrhura (II) 15, 26 mexicanus, Ara militaris (I) 13; (II) 4 militaris, Ara (II) 26 militaris, Ara militaris (I) 12; (II) 4 mitrata, Aratinga (II) 1 5, 26 molinae, Pyrrhura (II) 1 6, 26 rjawa, Aratinga (II) 26 nana, Aratinga nana (II) 9, 10 Nandayus (II) 1 5 no/)///5. /Ira (I) 23; (II) 25, 26 ocularis, Aratinga pertinax (II) 9 Ognorhynchus (II) 25 pallida, Pionites melanocephala (II) 20 perlata. Pyrrhura (II) 16, 26 pertinax, Aratinga (II) 26 pertinax. Aratinga pertinax (II) 9 phoenicura. Pyrrhura molinae (II) 16 picta. Pyrrhura (II) 27 Pionites (II) 25 Pionitinae (I) 6; (II) 24, 25 Psittacinae (I) 6 Pyrr/iMra (I) 2; (II) 11,25 rhodocephala, Pyrrhura (II) 26 rhodogaster, Pyrrhura (II) 16, 26 Rhyncopsitta (II) 25 rubritorquis, Aratinga holochlora (II) 15 rubrogenys, Ara (II) 26 rupicola, Pyrrhura (II) 1 6, 26 sandei, Pyrrhura rupicola (II) 16 severa. Ara (I) 22; (II) 6, 26 solstitialis. Aratinga (II) 26 spixii. Cyanopsitta (II) 26 surinama. Aratinga pertinax (II) 9 tortugensis, Aratinga pertinax (II) 9 Touit (I) 2 transilis, Aratinga wagleri (II) 15 Triclariinae (I) 6; (II) 24 tricolor, Ara (II) 26 venezuelae, Aratinga pertinax (II) 9 verreauxii, Tauraco macrorhynchus (II) 24 viridicata, Pyrrhura (II) 27 wagleri, Aratinga (II) 15, 26 weddellii, Aratinga (II) 23, 26 xanthogenia, Aratinga pertinax (II) 9 xanthomeria, Pionites leucogaster (II) 20 ATYEO & PEREZ: ARALICHUS CANESTRINII. II. 29 Commensal Index (I) refers to Part I of this study (Atyeo, 1988) and (II) refers to the current study. Pages in boldface are descriptions; pages marked with asterisks refer to names in keys. Acarus siro (I) 1 1 ambiguae, Aralichus{l) 5, 7*, 1 1, 14; (II) 2*, 4 anodorhvnchi, Aralichus(l) 6, 7*, 24; (II) 2*, 5 Aralichusil) 1, 4, 5, 7; (II) 1,2 araraunae, Aralichus (I) 5, 7*, 16, 20; (II) 2*, 6, 7 aratingae, Aralichus (II) 3*, 8, 1 1 Aterolichus (I) 1 Atopolichus (I) 1 Avenzoariurus (1) 1 Biology (II) 13 canestrinii, Aralichus (I) 1, 2, 5, 6, 7*, 8, 12, 14, 15; (II) 1,2*, 3, 24, 25, 27 canestrinii morphotype (II) 3 canestrinii, Protolichus (I) 9 canestrinii, Pterolichus (I) 9 canestrinii. Pterolichus {Eupteroli- chus) (I) 9 canestrinii, Pterolichus (P.) (I) 9 chloropterae, Aralichus (I) 5, 7*, 11; (II) 2*, 4 coM/onz, Aralichus (I) 7*, 20, 22; (II) 3*, 6 couloni morphotype (II) 6 cribriformis, Aralichus (II) 6, 25, 27 denticulatus, Protolichus (II) 20 denticulatus, Pterolichus (II) 20 Distigmesikya (I) 1, 4, 5, 7; (II) 24, 25,27 Echinofemur{l) 1 , 4, 5, 7; (II) 25, 27 glaucogularis, Aralichus (II) 3*, 6 hastifolia, Aralichus (II) 23 hemiphyllus, Pterolichus (II) 24 inermis, Aralichus (I) 23; (II) 3*, 20 inermis morphotype (II) 19 inermis, Protolichus denticulatus (II) 20 inermis, Pterolichus (Eupterolichus) denticulatus (II) 20 inermis, Pterolichus (II) 20 inermis, Pterolichus (P.) (II) 20 leptophyllus, Aralichus (II) 24 leptophyllus, Pterolichus (Eupteroli- chus) (II) 24 leptosittacae, Aralichus (II) 3*, 16 leptosittacae morphotype (II) 16 lunatus. Aralichus (II) 3*, 21 lunatus morphotype (II) 21 manilatae, Aralichus (I) 7*, 16, 21; (II) 3*, 6, 7 maracanae, Aralichus (I) 7*, 24; (II) 3*, 6 Mesolichus (I) 1 mexicanus, Aralichus (I) 5, 7*, 12, 13, 14; (II) 2*, 4 microphyllus, Aralichus (I) 23; (II) 24 microphyllus, Protolichus (II) 24 microphyllus, Pterolichus (II) 24 microphyllus, Pterolichus (Euptero- lichus) (II) 24 microphyllus, Pterolichus (P.) hem- iphyllus (II) 24 militaris, Aralichus (1) 7*, 12, 1 5, 20; (II) 2*, 4 «oM/5, Aralichus (I) 7*, 21, 22, 24; (11)2*, 11, 25, 27 nobilis morphotype (II) 11 ognorhynchi, Aralichus (II) 3*, 17 ontogenetic series (I) 5 par/, Proctophyllodes (I) 5 porrectus, Aralichus (II) 23 Protolichus (Y) 5, 7; (II) 6, 13, 25, 27 Pterodectes (II) 13 Pterolichinae (I) 4 Rhytidelasma (II) 24 severae, Aralichus (I) 7*, 21; (II) 3*, 6 siro, Acarus (I) 3 truncatus, Aralichus (II) 3*, 10, 27 Uropsittacolichus (I) 1 vazquezae, Aralichus (II) 24, 25, 27 weddellii, Aralichus (II) 3*, 23 weddellii morphotype (II) 23 30 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY N Other Fieldiana: Zoology Titles Available • ather Mites of the Aralichus canesirinii (Trouessart) Complex (Acarina, Pterolichidae) from New World Parrots (Psittacidae). I. From the Genera Ara Lacepede and Anodorhv/u hm Snix Rv Wim-n \tyeo. Fieldiana: Zoology, n.s. no. 47, 1988. 26 pages, 48 illus., 2 tables I'uhncanon i.^vi, 5>o.uu vision of the Species of Pinophilus Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of America North of Mexico. By Ncal R. Abarbanell and .lames S. Ashcv Fii'ltlinfur Zonhn'v n v. ni^ S4 IQSQ ■i"> nr.acc \1 illus., 1 table. Publication 1401, 'i>^.W Systematics of Moths in the Genus Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). I. Type Material in the Strecker Collection, with Lectotype Designations. By Lawrence F r,;tll and n;iv iri r \a-a^x;\,< i-inhiin>^n- /.._ ^logy. n.s. no. 59, 1990. 16 pages, 29 illus., 2 tables. I'ublication 1414, 5>8.00 The Birds of Mt. Isarog National Park, Southern Luzon, Philippines, with Particular Reference to Altitudinal Distribution. By Steven M. Goodman and Pr(i'VA r Cion/ales. Fieldiana: /'""''""• " ^ "o. 0, 1990. 39 pages, 6 illus., 5 tables. 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