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Issued Octob<>r 24, 1916.

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,

STATES RELATIONS SERVICE.
A. C. TRUE, Director.

FEDERAL LEGISLATION, REGULATIONS, AND RUL-
INGS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES AND
EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

[Revised to August 15, 1916.]

CONTENTS.

I'age.

Agricultural colleges 1

First Morrill Act 1

Amendment of the first Morrill Act 3

Second Morrill Act 4

Nelson amendment 6

Detail of Army officers and sale of sup-
plies by War Department 6

Graduates of~ land-grant colleges and

military service 11

Land-grant colleges designated deposi-
tories of public documents 8

Rulings of U. S. Bureau of Education. . . 11

Franking annual reports Df the colleges . 1 13

Agricultural experiment stations 13

Hatch Act 13

Amendment of Hatch Act 15

Soil work under Hatch Act 15

Adams Act 15

Interpretation of Adams Act 17

Page.

Agricultural experiment stations— Continued.

Appropriations 17

Cooperation with the department 18

Franking station publications 18

Rulings of the Treasury Department 20

Rulings of the Department of Agriculture 23

Classification of accounts 27

Station accounting 28

Administration of Hatch and Adams

funds 28

Cooperative extension work 29

Smith- Lever Act 29

Franking privilege 31

Funds available under the Smith-Lever

Act 36

Instructions for extension accounting. . . 37

States Relations Service 42

Organization 42

Work 42

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES.

ACT OF 1862 DONATING LANDS FOR AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES.

[First Morrill Act.]

.\N ACT Donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the
benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
m Congress assembled, That there be granted to the several States, for the purposes
iiereinafter mentioned, an amount of public land, to be apportioned to each State a
(quantity equal to thirty thousand acres for each Senator and Representati\e in
Congress to which the States are respectively entitled by the apportionment under
the census of eighteen hundred and sixty: Provided, That no mineral lands shall be
selected or purchased under the provisions of this act.

Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the land aforesaid, after being surveyed,
shall be apportioned to the several States in sections or subdivisions of sections, not
less than one-quarter of a section; and whenever there are public lands in a State
subject to sale at private entry at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, the quan-
tity to which said State shall be entitled shall be selected from such lands within the

58597°— 16 1

limits of such State, and the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to issue to
each of the States in which there is not the quantity of public lands subject to sale at
private entry at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre to which said State may bo
entitled under the provisions of this act land scrip to the amount in acres for the
deficiency of its distributive share; said scrip to be sold by said States and the proceeda
thereof applied to the uses and purposes prescribed in this act and for no other use or
purpose whatsoever: Provided, That in no case shall any State to which land scrip
may thus be issued be allowed to locate the same within the limits of any other State
or of any Territory of the United States, but their assijjnees may thus locate said land
scrip upon any of the unappropriated lands of the United States subject to sale at
private entry at one dollar and twenty-five cents, or less, per acre: And proi-ided
further, That not more than one million acres shall be located by such assignees in
any one of the States: And provided further, That no such location shall be made
before one year from the passage of this act.

Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That all the expenses of management, superin-
tendence, and taxes from date of selection of said lands, j)reviou3 to their sales, and
all expenses incurred in the management and disbursement of the moneys which
may be received therefrom, shall be paid by the States to which they may belong,
out of the treasury of said States, so that the entire proceeds of the sale of said lands
shall be applied without any diminution whatever to the purposes hereinafter
mentioned.

Sec. 4 (original). And be it farther enacted, That all moneys derived from the sale
of the lands aforesaid by the States to which the lands are apportioned, and from
the sales of land scrip hereinbefo/e provided for, shall be invested in stocks of the
United States or of the States, or some other safe stocks, yielding not less than five
per centum upon the par value of said stocks; and that the moneys so invested shall
constitute a perpetual fund, the capital of which shall remain forever undiminished
(except so far as may be provided in section five of this act), and the interest of which
shall be inviolably appropriated by each State which may take and claim the benefit
of this act, to the endowment, support, and maintenance of at least one college where
the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies,
and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to
agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such manner as the legislatures of the States
may respectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical education
of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life.

Sec. 4 (as amended Mar. 3, 1883). That all moneys derived from the sale of lands
aforesaid by the States to which lands are apportioned, and from the sales of land
scrip hereinbefore provided for, shall be invested in stocks of the United States or
of the States, or some other safe stocks; or the same may be invested by the States
having no State stocks in any other manner after the legislatures of such States shall
have assented thereto, and engaged that such funds shall yield not less than five per
centum upon the amount so invested and that the principal thereof shall forever
remain unimpaired: Provided, That the moneys so invested or loaned shall constitute
a perpetual fund, the capital of which shall remain forever undiminished (except so
far as may be provided in section five of this act), and the interest of which shall be
inviolably appropriated, by each State which may take and claim the benefit of this
act, to the endowment, support, and maintenance of at legist one college where the
leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studios, and
including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agricul-
ture and the mechanic arts, in such manner as the legi.slatures of the States may re-
spectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the
industrial clas.ses in the several pursuits and iJrofe.sMions in life.

Sec. 5. And be it further .iuaclal,. Thixi the grant of land and land scrip hereby
authorized shall bo made on the follmviiijr-''inliiioas, to which, as well as to the pro-

i

visions hereinbefore contained, the previous assent of the several States shall be sig-
nified by legislative acts:

First. If any portion of the fund invested, as provided by the foregoing section, or
any portion of the interest thereon, shall, by any action or contingency, be diminished
or lost, it shall be replaced by the State to which it belongs, so that the capital of the
hind shall remain forever undiminished; and the annual interest shall be regularly
applied without diminution to the piu-poses mentioned in the fourth section of this
act, except that a sum, not exceeding ten per centum upon the amount received by
any State under the provisions of this act, may be expended for the purchase of
lands for sites or experimental farms whenever authorized by the respective legis-
latures of said States.

Second. No portion of said fund, nor the interest thereon, shall be applied, directly
or indii'ectly, under any pretense whatever, to the piu-chase, erection, preservation,
or repair of any building or buildings.

Third. Any State which may take and claim the benefit of the provisions of this
act shall provide, within five years, at least not less than one college, as described in
the fourth section of this act, or the grant to such State shall cease; and said State
shall be bound to pay the United States the amount received of any lands previously
sold and that the title to purchasers under the State shall be valid.

Fourth. An annual report shall be made regarding the progress of each college,
recording any improvements and experiments made, with their cost and results, and
such other matters, including State industrial and economical statistics, as may be
supposed useful, one copy of which shall be transmitted by mail free, by each, to all
the other colleges which may be endowed under the provisions of this act, and also
one copy to the Secretary of the Interior.

Fifth. When lands shall be selected from those which have been raised to double
the minimum price, in consequence of railroad grants, they shall be computed to the
States at the maximum price and the number of acres proportionately diminished.

Sixth. No State while in a condition of rebellion or insurrection against the Gov-
ernment of the United States shall be entitled to the benefit of this act.

Seventh. No State shall be entitled to the benefits of this act unless it shall express
its acceptance thereof by its legislature within two years from the date of its approval
by the President.

Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That land scrip issued under the provisions of this
act shall not be subject to location until after the first day of January, one thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.

Sec. 7. And be it further enacted, That the land officers shall receive the same fees
for locating land scrip issued under the provisions of this act as is now allowed for the
location of military bounty land warrants under existing laws: Provided, That their
maximum compensation shall not be thereby increased.

Sec. 8. And be it further enacted. That the governors of the several States to which
scrip shall be issued under this act shall be required to report annually to Congress
all sales made of such scrip until the whole shall be disposed of, the amount received
for the same, and what appropriation has been made of the proceeds.

Approved, July 2, 1862 (12 Stat. L., 503).

ACT OF 1866 EXTENDING THE TIME WITHIN WHICH AGRICULTURAL
COLLEGES MAY BE ESTABLISHED.

AN ACT To amend the fifth section of an act entitled "An act donating public lands to the several
States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts,"
approved July 2, 1862, so as to extend the time within which the provisions of said act shall be accepted
and such colleges established.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That the time in which the several States may comply with the
provisions of the act of July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, entitled "An

348G68

act donating public lands to the several States and Territoriee which may ]ir<>vide
colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," is hereby extend'.-d so
that the acceptance of the benefits of the said act may be expressed within three years
from the passage of this act, and the colleges required by the said act may be provided
•within five years from the date of the filing of such acceptance with the Commis-
sioner of the General Land Office: Provided, That when any Territory shall l^ecome a
State and be admitted into the Union such new States t^hall be entitled to the bene-
fits of the said act of July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. by expressing the
acceptance therein required within three years from the date of its admission into the
Union, and providing the college or colleges within five years after such acceptance,
as prescribed in this act: Provided further. That any State which has heretofore
expressed its acceptance of the act herein referred to shall have the i)eri<Ki of five
years witliin which to i)rovide at least one college, as de8cri})ed in the fourth section
of said act , after the time for i)roviding said college, according to the act of July second,
eighteen hundred and sixty-two, shall have expired.
Approved, July 23, 1866 (14 Stat. L., 208).

ACT OF 1890 FOR THE FURTHER ENDOWMENT OF AGRICULTURAL

COLLEGES.

[Second Morrill Act.]

AN ACT To apply a portion of the proceeds of the public lands to the more complete endowment and sup-
port of the colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts established under the provisioDS
of an act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and sLxty-two.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Conffress assembled, That there shall be, and hereby is, annually appropriated, out
of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, arising from the sales of
public lands, to be paid as hereinafter provided, to each State and Territorj- for the
more complete endowment and maintenance of colleges for the benefit of agriculture
and the mechanic arts now established, or which may be hereafter established, in
accordance with an act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-
two, the sum of fifteen thousand dollars for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen
hundred and ninety, and an annual increase of the amount of such appropriation
thereafter for ten years by an additional sum of one thousand dollars over the pre-
ceding year, and the annual amount to be paid thereafter to each State and Terri-
tory shall be twenty-five thousand dollars, to be applied only to instniction in agri-
culture, the mechanic arts, the English language and the various branches of mathe-
matical, physical, natural, and economic science, with special reference to their
applications in the industries of life and to the fivcilities for such instruction: Pro-
vided, That no money shall be paid out under this act to any State or Territory for
the support and maintenance of a college where a distinction of race or color is made
in the admission of students, but the establishment and maintenance of such colleges'
separately for white and colored students shall bo held to be a compliance with the
provisions of this act if the funds received in such State or Territor>' bo 0(iuitably
divided as hereinafter set forth: Provided, That in any State in which there has been
one college established in pursuance of the act of July second, eighteen hundred and
sixty-two, and also in which an educational institution of like chan\cter has been
established, or may bo hereafter established, and is now aided by such State fromita
own revenue, for the education of colored students in agriculture and the mechanic
arts, however named or styled, or whether or not it has received money heretofore
under the act to which this act is an amendment, the legislature of suc-h State may
propose and report to the Secretary of the Interior a ju.st and ecjuitahle division of
the fund to be received under this act, between one college for white students and
one institution for colored students, established as aforesaid, which shall bo divided

into two parts, and paid accordingly, and thereupon such institution for colored stu-
dents shall be entitled to the benefits of this act and subject to its pro\isions, as much
as it would have been if it had been included under the act of eighteen hundred and
sixty-two, and the fulfillment of the foregoing provisions shall be taken as a compliance
with the provision in reference to separate colleges for white and colored students.

Sec. 2. That the sums hereby appropriated to the States and Territories for the
further endowment and support of colleges shall be annually paid on or before the
thirty-first day of July of each year, by the Secretary of the Treasury, upon the war-
rant of the Secretary of the Interior, out of the Treasury of the United States, to the
State or Territorial treasurer, or to such officer as shall be designated by the laws of
such State or Tenitory to receive the same, who shall upon the order of the trustees
of the college or the institution for colored students, immediately pay over said sums
to the treasurers of the respective colleges or other institutions entitled to receive
the same, and such treasurers shall be required to report to the Secretary of Agricul-
ture and to the Secretary of the Interior on or before the first day of September of
each year a detailed statement of the amovmt so received and of its disbursement.
The grants of moneys authorized by this act are made subject to the legislative assent
of the several States and Territories to the purpose of said grants: Provided, That
payments of such installments of the appropriation herein made as shall become due
to any State before the adjournment of the regular session of legislature meeting next
after the passage of this act shall be made upon the assent of the governor thereof,
duly certified to the Secretary of the Treasury.

Sec. 3. That if any portion of the moneys received by the designated officer of the
State or Territory for the further and more complete endowment, support, and main-
tenance of colleges, or of institutions for colored students, as provided in this act,
shall, by any action or contingency, be dismissed or lost, or be misapplied, it shall
be replaced by the State or Territory to which it belongs, and until so replaced no
subsequent appropriation shall be apportioned or paid to such State or Terri|ory;
and no portion of said moneys shall be applied, directly or indirectly, under any
pretense whatever, to the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building
or buildings. An annual report by the president of each of said colleges shall be made
to the Secretary of Agriculture, as well as to the Secretary of the Interior, regarding
the condition and progress of each college, including statistical information in rela-
tion to its receipts and expenditures, its library, the number of its students and pro-
fessors, and also as to any improvements and experiments made under the direction
of any experiment stations attached to said colleges, with their cost and results and
such other industrial and economical statistics as may be regarded as useful, one
copy of which shall be transmitted by mail free to all other colleges further endowed
under this act.

Sec. 4. That on or before the first day of July in each year, after the passage of
this act, the Secretary of the Interior shall ascertain and certify to the Secretary of the
Treasury as to each State and Territory, whether it is entitled to receive its share
of the annual appropriation for colleges, or of institutions for colored students, under
this act and the amount which thereupon each is entitled, respectively, to receive.
If the Secretary of the Interior shall withhold a certificate from any State or Terri-
tory of its appropriation, the facts and reasons therefor shall be reported to the Presi-
dent, and the amount involved shall be kept separate in the Treasury until the close
of the next Congress, in order that the State or TeiTitory may, if it should so desire,
appeal to Congress from the determination of the Secretary of the Interior. If the
next Congress shall not direct such sum to be paid it shall be covered into the Treasury.
And the Secretary of the Interior is hereby charged with the proper administration
of this law.

Sec 5. That the Secretary of the Interior shall annually report to Congress the
disbiu*sements which have been made in all the States and Territories, and also

whether the appropriation of any State or Territory has been withheld, and, if bo,
the reasons therefor.

Sec. 6. Congress may at any time amend, aus]>end, or repeal any or all of the pro-
visions of this act.

Approved, August 30, 1890 (26 Stat. L., 417;).

PROVISIONS OF ACT MAKWG APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE L'NITED
STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE FISCAL YE.\R END-
ING JUNE 30, 1908, FOR THE FURTHER ENDOWMENT OF AGRICUL-
TURAL COLLEGES.

[Nelson amendment.]

* * * That there shall be, and hereby is, annually appropriated, out of any
money in the Treasury not othervnse appropriated, to be paid as hereinafter provided,
to each State and Territory for the more complete endowment and maintenance of
agricultural colleges now established, or which may hereafter be established, in
accordance with the act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and
aixty-two, and the act of Congress approved August thirtieth, eighteen hundred and
ninety, the sum of five thousand dollars, in addition to the sums named in the said
act, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eight, and an
annual increase of the amount of such appropriation thereafter for four years by an
additional sum of five thousand dollars over the preceding year, and the annual sum
to be paid thereafter to each State and Territory aliall be fifty thousand dollars, to be
applied only for the purjjoses of the agricultural colleges as defined and limited in
the act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. and the
act of Congress api)rovcd August thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety.

That the sum hereby appropriated to the States and Territories for the further
endowment and support of the colleges shall be paid by, to, and in the manner pre-
8cri\>ed by the act of Congress approved August tliirtieth, eighteen hundred and
ninety, entitled "An act to apply a portion of the proceeds of the public lands to the
more complete endowment and support of the colleges for the benefit of agriculture
and the mechanic arts established under the provisions of an act of Congress ai)proved
July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two," and the expenditure, of the said
money shall be governed in all respects by the provisions of the said act of Congress
approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and the said act of Congrese
approved August thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety: Provided, Tliat said col-
leges may use a portion of this money for providing courses for the spociiil preparation
of instructors for teaching the elements of agriculture and the mechanic arts.

Approved, March 4, 1907 (34 Stat. L., 125G, 1281).

DETAIL OF ARMY OFFICERS AND SALE OF SUPPUES TO LAND-GR.4NT

COLLEGES.'

(Memoroilum of Iho War Dpparlmciil on the detail of olllcors of tho Array as professors of miliiury siii-iiw
and tactics ul wlucational institutions, and tho issue of arms and equipments tlieroto.)

1. The following requirement* are necessary to be fulfilled by institutions before
the detail of an Army ollicer can be made and arms and certain ordnance eciuipmout
issueil;

litfjuirrmenlit: («) The application for the detail of an ollicer as professor oi mili-
tary H( ience and tactics must he nuide by the authoritifs of an cstabli.slud military insti-
tution, seminary, academy, college, or university witliin the I'liited Stati>8.

(b) It must have a caimcity to educate at one and the same time not loss than 150
male studentfl.

' For full Inforiniit ion rcKar<llnK laws, renuhitlon.s, anil Inst ruct Ions ttlTectIng such detail, see War PPimrt-
mont, Uoueral Orders, Nos. 7U, 1U13, and \i and 27, 191.').

(c) The application must be accompanied by the last printed catalogue and a cer-
tificate showing the number of male students, the number of students in daily attend-
ance at the time of application, the numberof students over 15 years of age, the capacity
in buildings, apparatus, and the number of instructors. It must also show the grade
of the institution and whether or not it is a land-grant institution, and the degrees it
confers.

(d) The authorities of the institution must assure the War Department that military
instruction shall be compulsory for all physically qualified students for a period of at
least two years and for not less than 84 hours per academic year.

(e) The authorities must agree to uniform the students, at other than Government
expense, in neat, well-fitting uniforms of a pattern and style now in vogue at other
institutions of the same class and kind. (See act of Congress approved July 17, 1914.)

(/) That the officer so detailed shall be a member of the faculty, with the same privi-
leges as those granted the heads of other departments of the institution.

(g) That the officer so detailed will be supported by the authorities in maintaining
a liigh standard of military discipline.

(h) That the course and method of training will be as prescribed by the War Depart-
ment and the details of same left in the hands of the officer so detailed. A svd table
classroom should be provided.

2. If these requirements can be fulfilled by the institution, the War Department,
under section 1225, Revised Statutes, can grant the following:

(a) Detail an officer from the active list of the Army to institutions classed as
MC and C, where the number of male students is 100 or over, and to class M and SM
institutions, where the number of such students ia 150.

Class MC. — Colleges and universities (including land-grant institutions) where the
curriculum is sufficiently advanced to carry with it a degree, where the students are
habitually in uniform, where the average age of the students on graduation is not less
than 21 years, where military discipline is constantly maintained, and where one of
the leading objects is the development of the student by means of military drill and
by regulating his daily conduct according to the principles of military discipline.

Class M. — Essentially military institutions where the curriculum is not sufficiently
advanced to carry with it a degree or where the average age of the students on gradua-
tion is less than 21 years.

Class C. — Colleges and universities (including land-grant institutions) not essentially
military, where the cturiculum is sufficiently advanced to carry with it a degree and
where the average age of the students on graduation is not less than 21 years.

Class SM. — Institutions not included in any of the classes mentioned above.

(b) Detail an officer from the retired list of the Army whose pay and allowances wiU
be paid by the Government, provided the number of students over 15 years of age
exceeds 75. (Act of Nov. 3, 1893.) The total number of active and retii-ed offi-
cers who can be so detailed is by law limited to 100.

(c) Detail a retired officer under the act approved April 21, 1904, to any institution
where the number of male students is less than 75, provided the institution will pay
the officer's commutation. The number of officers provided for this class of details is
unlimited.

The annual commutation for a first lieutenant is about $550, for a captain about $710,
for a major about $882.

(d) Within the limitations prescribed by "a," "b," and "c," a college may have
detailed thereat an active officer or a retired officer; a preparatory school other than a
public high school, an officer from the active list, a retired officer on active-pay status
or a retired officer under the provisions of the act approved April 21, 1904; but a high
school, a retired officer only under the act approved April 21, 1904.

(e) Upon the issue of the order detailing the officer for duty as professor of military
science and tactics at the institution, arms and equipment can be issued in accord-

8

ance with the procedure laid down in paragraphs 39 and 49, inclusive, General
Orders, No. 70, War Department, 1913.

(/) In accordance with the act of Congress approved July 17, 1914, the purchase of
articles of clothing and puhlications in such quantities as are approved by the Secretary
of War can be made. Each application will be conaiilere<i separately.

(g) The in.stifution will be inspected annually by General Staff ollicera with the
view of standardizing the course of instruction and correcting any deficiencies in
methods, manner of instruction and training that might exist.

3. Before issuing any arms and equipment the law requires that a bond twice the
value of the ordnance and ordnance stores Lssued be filed with the Chief of Ordnance,
United States Army. (Pars. 60 to (59, General Orders, No. 70, War Department, 1913.)

All information relative to the purchase of ordnance and ordnance stores or replacing
those damaged by fair wear and tear, or carelessness on the part of members of the
Cadet Corps, and accounting for the property of the Government in the hands of the
college or school authorities, will be found in paragraphs 50 to 59, inclusive. General
Orders, No. 70, War Department, 1913.

A suitable place for the safe-keeping of the arms and equipment, as well as adequate
arrangements for their care and preservation, must be pro\'ided. Where a retired
ofTicer is detailed under the act approved April 21, 1904, the approval of the governor
of the State is necessary before submitting any application for arms and equipment.

4. A retired officer can be detailed at any educational institution provided the insti-
tution will pay the oflicer's commutation.

GRADUATES OF LAND-GRANT COLLEGES AND MILITARY SERVICE.

[Extract from an act for making further and more effectual pro\'lsion for the naUonal defense, and for

other purposes.]

Sec. 40. The Reserve Officers' TR.\i>fiMO Corps. — The President is hereby
authorized to establish and maintain in civil educational institutions a Reserve Olli-
cers' Training Corps, which shall consist of a senior division organized at universities
and colleges requiring four years of collegiate study for a degree, including State
universities and those State institutions that are required to provide instruction in
military tactics under the provisions of the act of Congress of July second, eighteen
hundred and sixty-two, donating lands for the establishment of colleges where the
leading object shall be practical instruction in agriculture and the mechanic arts,
including military tactics, and a junior division organized at all other public or private
e<lucational institutions, except that units of the senior division may he organized at
those essentially military schools which do not confer an academic degree but which,
as a result of the annual in.spection of such iuHtitutions by the War Department, are
specially designated by the Secretary of War as qualified for units of the senior di vi.sion,
and each division shall consist of units of the several arms or corps in such number
and of such strength as the President may prescribe.

Sec. 41. The rn-sident may, ui)on theapplicationof any State institution described
in section forty of this act, establish and maintain at such institution one or more units
of the Reserve Odiccrs' Training ('()ri)s: I'rovidvil, That no such unit shall be estab-
lish(!<l or maintaine<l at any such institution until an oflicerof the Army shall have been
(U'tailed as jjrofcssor of military' Hcicnce and tactics, nor until such institution shall
maintuin under niilit:ir>' instruction at least one hundrnl ])hysically fit mah'Stud<>nls,

Skc. 42. The President may, upon the apj»licution of any established o<lucational
institution in the UniUnl States other than a Stat(^ institution (b'.scribiHl in section forty
of thisact, theauthoriticsof whiih agree to establish and maintain a two years' elective
or compulsory course of military' training as a tuinimum for its jihysically lit male stu-

9

dents, which course when entered upon by any student shall, as regards such student,
be a prerequisite for graduation, establish and maintain at such institution one or more
units of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps: Provided, That no such unit shall be
established or maintained at any such institution until an officer of the Army shall
have been detailed as professor of military science and tactics, nor until such institu-
tion shall maintain under military instruction at least one hundred physically fit male
students.

Sec. 43. The Secretary of War is hereby authorized to prescribe standard courses of
theoretical and practical military training for units of the Reserve Officers' Training
Corps, and no unit of the senior division shall be organized or maintained at any educa-
tional institution the authorities of wliich fail or neglect to adopt into their curriculum
the prescribed courses of military training for the senior division or to devote at least
an average of three hours per week per academic year to such military training; and no
unit of the junior division shall be organized or maintained at any educational institu-
tion the authorities of which fail or neglect to adopt into their curriculum the pre-
scribed courses of military training for the junior division, or to devote at least an
average of three hours per week per academic year to such military training.

Sec. 44. Eligibility to membership in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps shall be
limited to students of institutions in wliich units of such corps may be established who
are citizens of the United States, who are not less than fourteen years of age, and whose
bodily condition indicates that they are physically fit to perform military duty, or will
be so upon arrival at military age.

Sec. 45. The President is hereby authorized to detail such numbers of officers of the
Army, either active or retired, not above the grade of colonel, as may be necessary,' for
duty as professors and assistant professors of military science and tactics at institutions
where one or more units of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps are maintained ; but
the total number of active officers so detailed at educational institutions shall not
exceed three hundred, and no active officer shall be so detailed who has not had five
years' commissioned service in the Army. In time of peace retired officers shall not
be detailed under the pro\dsions of tliis section without their consent. Retired officers
below the grade of lieutenant colonel so detailed shall receive the full pay and allow-
ances of their grade, and retired officers above the grade of major so detailed shall
receive the same pay and allowances as a retired major would receive under a like
detail. No detail of .officers on the active list of the Regular Army under the provi-
sions of this section shall extend for more than four years.

Sec. 46. The President is hereby authorized to detail for duty at institutions where
one or more units of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps are maintained such number
of enlisted men, either active or retired or of the Regular Army Reserve, as he may
deem necessary, but the number of active noncommissioned officers so detailed shall
not exceed five hundred, and all active noncommissioned officers so detailed shall be
additional in their respective grades to those otherwise authorized for the Army.
Retired enlisted men or members of the Regular Army Reserve shall not be detailed
under the provisions of tliis section without their consent. Wliile so detailed they
shall receive active pay and allowances.

Sec. 47. The Secretary of War, under such regulations as he may prescribe, is hereby
authorized to issue to institutions at which one or more units of the Reserve Officers'
Training Corps are maintained such public animals, arms, uniforms, equipment, and
means of transportation as he may deem necessary, and to forage at the expense of the
United States public animals so issued. He shall require from each institution to wliich
property of the United States is issued a bond in the value of the property issued for
the care and safe-keeping thereof, and for its return when required.

Sec. 48. The Secretary of War is hereby authorized to maintain camps for the fur-
ther practical instruction of the members of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, no
58597°— 16 2

10

such ram[>fl to be maintained for a pmod lonp«»r than six weeks in any one year, except
in linie of a<tual or threatened hostilities; to tran8|x)rt members of such corps to and
from such c"ami)s at the expenao of the Uniteil States so far as appropriations will per-
mit; to subsist them at the expense of the United States while traveling to and from
such camps and while remaiiunj,' therein so far as appropriations will permit ; to use the
Regular Army, such other military forces as ( "ongre^ss from time to time authorizes, and
such Government property as he may deem necessary for the military training of the
members of such corps while in attendance at such camps; to prescribe regulations for
the government of such corps; and to authorize, in his discretion, the formation of
comjjany units thereof into battalion and regimental units.

Sec. 49. The President alone, under such regulations as ho may prescribe, is hereby
authorized to appoint in the Officers' Reserve Corps any gra<luate of the senior division
of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps who shall have satisfactorily completed the
further training providwl for in section fifty of this act, or any graduate of the junior
division who shall have satisfactorily completed the courses of military training pre-
scribed for the senior division and the further training provided for in section fifty of
this act, and shall have participated in such practical instruction subsequent to gradua-
tion as the Secretary of War shall prescribe, who shall havearrivwl at theixgcof twenty-
one years and wlio shall agree, under oath in \vriting, to serve the Uml(^l Slates in the
capacity of a reserve officer of the Army during a period of at lea.st ten years from the
date of his aj)pointment as such reserve officer, unless sooner discharginl by proper
authority; but the total number of reserve officers so appointcxl shall not excee<l fifty
thousand: Provided, That any graduate qualified under the pro\'ision.s of tliis section
undergoing a post|;;ra<luate course at any institution shall not be eligible for appoint-
ment as a reserve officer while undergoing such postgraduate course, but his ultimate
eligibility upon completion of such postgraduate course for such appointment shall
not be affected because of liis having undei^one such postgnuluate course.

Sec. 50. When any member of the senior division of the Reserve Officers' Training
Corps has completed two academic years of service in that division, and has been
selected for furtlier training by the president of the institution and by its professor of
military science and tactics, and has agreed in wTiting to continue in the Reserve
Officers' Training Corps for the remainder of his course in the institution, devoting
five hours per week to the military training prescribed by the Secretary of War, and
has agreed in writing to pursue the courses in camp training prescribed by the Secre-
tary of War, he may be furnished, at the expense of the United States, with commuta-
tion of subsistence at such rate, not exceeding the cost of the garrison ration prescribed
for the Army, as may be fixed by the Secretary of War, during the remainder of his
service in the Reserve Ofiicers' Training Corps.

Sec. 51. Any physically fit male citizen of the United States, between the ages of
twenty-one and twenty-seven years, who shall have graduated prior to the date of
this act from any educational institution at which an officer of the Anny wa.s detailed
as professorof military science and tactics, and who, while a student at such institu-
tion, completed courses of military training under tlie direction of Buch professor of
military science and tactics substantially e(|uivalcnt to those prescribed pursuant to
this act for the senior division, shall, after satisfactorily comj)leting such additional
j)ractical military tnuning as the Secretary of War shall prescribe, be eligil)le for
appointment txj the Officers' Reserve Corps and as a temporary additional second
lieutenant in accordance with the terms of lliis act.

Skc. 62. The I'resident alone is hereby authorized to appoint and commission as a
temporary second lieutenant of tiie Regular Army in time of peace for purposes of
instruction, for a period not exceeding six months, with the allowances now provided
by law for that grade, but with j)ay at the rate of $100 per month, any reserve officer
apijointcd pursuant to sections forty-nine and fifty-one of this act and to attach him

11

to a unit of the Regular Army for duty and training during the period covered by his
appointment as such temporary second lieutenant, and upon the expiration of such
service with the Regular Army such officer shall revert to his status as a reserve officer.
Sec. 53. No reserve officer or temporary second lieutenant appointed pursuant to
this act shall be entitled to retirement or to retired pay and shall be eligible for pension
only for disability incurred in line of duty in active service or while serving with the
Regular Army piu-suant to the provisions of this act: Provided, That in time of war
the President may order reserve officers appointed under the provisions of this act to
active duty with any of the military forces of the United States in any grades not
below that of second lieutenant, and while on such active duty they shall be subject
to the Rules and Articles of War: And provided further, That the Adjutant General of
the Army shall, under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of War, obtain,
compile, and keep continually up to date all obtainable information as to the names,
ages, addresses, occupations, and qualifications for appointment as commissioned
officers of the Army, in time of war or other emergency, of men of suitable ages who,
by reason of having received military training in civilian educational institutions or
..elsewhere, may be regarded as qualified and available for appointment as such com-
missioned officers.
Approved, June 3, 1916.

CLAUSE IN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE PRINTING, BINDING, AND DIS-
TRIBUTION OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS, CONSTITUTING THE LAND-
GRANT COLLEGES DEPOSITORIES.

All land-grant colleges shall be constituted as depositories for public documents,
subject to the provisions and limitations of the depository laws.
Approved, March 1, 1907 (34 Stat. L., 1012, 1014).

RULINGS OF THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF EDUCATION RELATIVE
TO LAND-GRANT COLLEGES.i

EXPENDrrURB OF ANNUAL APPROPRIATION.

The funds annually appropriated by the act of August 30, 1890, must be expended
during the year for which they are appropriated and for the purposes specified in the
said act, and can not be allowed to accumulate in the form of an unexpended balance
or be invested as a permanent interest-bearing fund (decision of the Assistant Attorney
General, June 20, 1899). The department will insist on the expenditure annually
of substantially the entire amount appropriated by the act of August 30, 1890, and the
act of March 4, 1907, and boards of control of agricultiu-al and mechanical colleges are
requested to make provision for such expenditures. It is understood, of course, that
contracts may be entered into for machinery or other educational material which,
for good reasons, may not be ready and paid for until the following year. In such
cases it is sufficient to explain, by a note in the report, that tlie balance is held for
the purpose of liquidating bills already incurred, and stating the nature of the out-
standing contract-s.

USES OF FUNDS DEFINED.

The funds are "to be applied only to instruction in agriculture, the mechanic arts,
theJEnglish language, and the various branches of mathematical, physical, natural
and economic science, with special reference to their applications in the industries

1 For fuller information see Federal Laws, Regulations, and Rulings Affecting the Land-Grant Col-
leges of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. U. S. Bureau of Education, I'JU.

12

of life, and to the facilities for wue-h instnirtion" and "for providiiiR roiirsc.s for the
speeial preparation of instructorH for teaching the elements of aii:ri<'ullure and me-
chanic arts." It is held that this language authorizes the purchase with this money
of apparatus, machiner\-, textbof)ks, reference books, stock, and material used in
instniction, or for the purposes of illustration in connection with any of the branches
enumerated, and the payment of salaries of instructors in said branches only; but, in
case of machinery (such as boilers, engines, pumps, etc.) and farm stock, which are
made to serve for both in.structional and other purposes, the Federal funds may be
charged with only an equitable portion of the cost of said machinery and stock.

BUILDINGS.

The expenditure of any portion of these funds for the purchase, erection, preserva-
tion, or repair of any building or buildings under any pretense whatever is specifically
proliibited by the act (sec. 3); the purchase of land is not allowable (decision of
Assistant Attorney General, Mar., 1891), nor expenditures for permanent improvement
to buildings, grounds, and farms, such as clearing, draining, and fencing of land.

SALARIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS.

.The salaries of purely administrative officers, such as treasurers (decision of Assistant
Attorney General, !Mar. 7, 1894), presidents, secretaries, bookkeept^rs, janitors, watch-
men, etc., can not be charged to this fund, nor the salaries of other administrative
officers, like superintendents, foremen, and matrons, and the wages of unskilled
laborers and assistants in shops, laboratories, and fields; nor can it be expended for
heating or lighting buildings, musical instruments, military equipment, furniture,
cases, shelving, desks, blackboards, tables, lockers, salaries of instructors in philoso-
phy, psychology, ethics, logic, history, political science, civics, pedagogy, military
science and tactics, and in ancient and modern languages (excei)t English). When
an administrative officer also gives instruction in any of the branches of study men-
tioned in the act of August 30, 1890, or when an instructor gives such instruction and
also devotes part of his time to giving instruction in branches of study not mentioned
in the said act, only a part of such person's salary proportionate to the time devoted
to giving instruction in the branches of study mentioned in the said act of August 30,
1890, can V)o charged to these funds. In the division of time between instructional
and other services, one hour vi instruction shall be regarded a« the equivalent of two
hours of administrative, supervisory, or experiment station work.

EXTENSION WORK.

No part of the funds received under the provisions of the acts of 1890 and 1907 may
be used for any form of extension work, and all in.struction nuist be given at tht' insti-
tutions receivijig thest' funds, except that a reasonable portion of the funds j)rovided
by the act of 1907 may be used for the instruction of teachers in agricultur*-, mechanic
arts, and domestic science at summer schools, teachera' institutes, and by corrt-spoud-
vnci', and iu supervising and directing work iu these subjects in hijih schools.

TRAININO OF TEACHERS.

All or a i)art of the funds provided by the act of March 4, 1907, may be used "for
providing courses for th*- special preparation of iu.stnictors for teaching the elements
of agriculture and mechanic arts." It is held that this language authori/,(>s expendi-
tures for instniction iu lh<' history of agriculture and iiidu.strial e<lucatiou, in nuahods
of teaching agriculture, nwchanic arts, and home ec(»noinics, and al.so ft)r sjjecial aid
and supervision given to tea<-herH actively engiiginl iu teaching iigricultur««, ni«>chanic
arts, and home economics iu public schools. It does not authorize expenditures for
general courses in p<'dagi)gy, psychology, history of oducatiun, and methods of teaching.

13

REGULATIONS OF THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT CONCERNING FREE
TRANSMISSION OF AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE PUBLICATIONS.

Section 515 of the Postal Laws and Regulations (1902) of the
United States relating to the free transmission of reports of agricul-
tural colleges reads as follows :

Sec. 515. One copy of each of the annual reports required by law to be made to
the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture, by such colleges as are
or may hereafter be established for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts
in the several States and Territories under the provisions of the act of July 2, 1862,
entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which
may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," and the
acts amendatory thereof * * * shall be transmitted by mail free, by each, to all
the other colleges which may be endowed under the provisions of this act (of July
2, 1862), and also one copy to the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of
Agriculture.

2. Postmasters at offices where colleges are established under the provisions of
the act of July 2, 1862, will receive from the officers thereof the reports referred to
addressed, one copy each, to such other colleges and to the Secretary of the Interior
and the Secretary of Agriculture, and affix to each a penalty label or official envelope
of the post office, and forward the same free.

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

ACT OF 1887 ESTABLISHING AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

[Hatch Act.]

AN ACT To establish agricultural experiment stations in connection with the colleges established in the
several States under the provisions of an act approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two,
and of the acts supplementary thereto.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That in order to aid in acquiring and diffusing among the peojile
of the United States useful and practical information on subjects connected with
agriculture, and to promote scientific investigation and experiment respecting the
principles and applications of agricultural science, there shall be established under
direction of the college or colleges or agricultural departments of colleges in each State
or Territory established, or which may hereafter be established, in accordance with
the provisions of an act approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two,
entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may
provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," or any of the
supplements to said act, a department to be known and designated as an "agricultural
experiment station": Provided, That in any State or Territory in which two such
colleges have been or may be so established the appropriation hereinafter made to
such State or Territory shall be equally divided between such colleges, unless the
legislature o£ such State or Territory shall otherwise direct.

Sec. 2. That it shall be the object and duty of said experiment stations to conduct
original researches or verify experiments on the physiology of plants and animals;
the diseases to which they are severally subject, with the remedies for the same; tlie
chemical composition of useful plants at their different stages of growth; the com-
parative advantages of rotative cropping as pursued under the varying series of crops;
the capacity of new plants or trees for acclimation; the analysis of soils and water; the
chemical composition of manures, natural or artificial, with experiments designed to
test tlae comparative effects on crops of different kinds; the adaptation and vakie of
grasses and forage plants; the composition and digestibility of the different kinds of

14

food for domeetic animal«; the efientific and economic queationfl involved in the
production of butter and cheese; and such other researches or experiments bearing
directly on the agricultural industry of the United States as may in each case be
deemed advisable, having due regard to the varying conditiona and needs of the
respective States and Territories.

Sec. 3. That in order to secure, as far as practicable, uniformity of methods and
results in tlio work of said stations, it shall be the duty of the United States Com-
missioner [now Secretary] of Agriculture to furnish forms, as far as practicable, for the
tabulation of results of investigation or experiment; to indicate from time to time such
lines of inquiry as to him shall seem most important, and, in general, to furnish such
advice and assistance as will best promote the purpose of tliia act. It shall be the duty
of each of said stations annually, on or before the first of February, to make to the gov-
ernor of the State or Territory in which it is located a full and detailed report of its
operations, including a statement of receipts and expenditures, a copy of which report
shall be sent to each of said stations, to the said Commissioner [now Secretary] of
Agriculture, and to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States.

Sec. 4. That bulletins or reports of progress shall be published at said stations at
least once in three months, one copy of which sliall be sent to each newspaper in the
States or Territories in which they are respectively located, and to such individuals
actually cngageil in farming as may request the same and as far as tlie means of the
station will permit. Such bulletins or reports and the aiuiual reports of said stations
shall be transmitted in the mails of the United States free of charge for postage, under
such regulations as tlie Postmaster General may from time to time prescribe.

Sec. 5. That for the purpose of paying tlie necessary expenses of conducting investi-
gations and experiments and printing and distributing the results as hereinbefore
prescribed, the sum of fifteen thousand dollars per annum is hereby aj)propriated to
each State, to be specially provided for by Congress in the appropriations from year to
year, and to each Territory entitled under the provisions of section eight of this act,
out of any money in the Treasury proceeding from the sales of public lands, to be paid
in equal (juartcrly payments on the first day of January, April, July, and October in
each year, to the Treasurer or other officer duly appointed by the governing boards of
said colleges to receive the same, the first payment to be made on the first day of
October, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven: Provided, however, That out of the first
anmial aj)propriation so receivoil by any station an amount not exceeding one-fifth
may l)e expended in the erection, enlargement, or repair of a building or buildings
necessary f<jr carrjang on the work of such station; and thereafter an amount not
exceeding five per centum of such annual aj)i)ropriation may be so expended.

Sec. 6. That whenever it shall appear to the Secretary of tlie Treasury from the
annual statement of receipts and expenditures of any of said stations that a portion of
the preceding annual appropriation remains unexpended, such amount shall be
de<luctc<l from the next succeeding annual a|)propriation to such station, in onler tJiat
tlie amount of nionc> ai)"i)ropriated to any .stivtion shall not exceed tlio amount actually
and necessarily re(|uiretl for its maintenance and support.

Sec. 7. That n<ithing in this act shall bo construwl to impair or modify the legal
relation existing between any of the said colleges and the government of the States or
TerriUjries in which they are respectively located.

Sec. 8. That in Suites having colleges entitled under tliis section to the benefits
of this act ami having also agricultuml experiment stations establisheil by law sej>arote
from said colleges, such States shall bo authorizotl t<^) apply such benefits to experi-
ments at stations ho eHtablislnMl by such States; and in case any State shall have
established, under the provisions of said act of July second aforesaid, an agricultural
department or exi)erinuaiUil station in connection with any university, con<»go, or
institution not distinctly an agriciillunil <-oll<'g«« or H<-h(M)l, and such State shall have
eHtabliflhed or hIkiI! hereafter establish a separatu agricultural collcgo or Hchool, which

15

shall have connected therewith an experimental farm or station, the legislature of such
State may apply in whole or in part the appropriation by this act made to such separate
agricultural college or school, and no legislature shall by contract, express or implied,
disable itself from so doing.

Sec. 9. That the grants of moneys authorized by this act are made subject to the
legislative assent of the several States and Territories to the purposes of said grants:
Provided, That payment of such installments of tlie appropriation herein made as
shall become due to any State before the adjournment of the regular session of its
legislature meeting next after the passage of this act shall be made upon the
assent of the governor thereof duly certified to the Secretary of the Treasury.

Sec. 10. Nothing in this act shall be held or construed as binding the United States
to continue any payments from the Treasury to any or all the States or institutions
mentioned in this act, but Congress may at any time amend, suspend, or repeal any
or all the provisions of this act.

Approved, March 2, 1887 (24 Stat. L., 440).

ACT OF 1888 AMENDING (HATCH) ACT OF 1887.

AN ACT To amend an act entitled "An act to establish agricultural stations in connection with the col-
leges established in the several States under the provisions of an act approved July second, eighteenhun-
dred and sixty-two, and the acts supplementary thereto."

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That the grant of money authorized by the act of Congress
entitled "An act to establish agricultural experiment stations in connection with the
colleges established in the several States under the provisions of an act appro A'ed July
second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and of acts supplementary thereto, " are
subject as therein provided to the legislative assent of the States or Territories to be
affected thereby; but as to such installments of the appropriations as may be now
due or may hereafter become due, when the legislatme may not be in session, the gov-
ernor of said State or Territory may make the assent therein provided, and upon a duly
certified cojjy thereof to the Secretary of the Treasury he shall cause the same to be
paid in the manner provided in the act of which this is amendatory, until the termina-
tion of the next regular session of the legislature of such State or Territory.

Approved, June 7, 1888 (25 Stat. L., 176).

PROVISO IN ACT MAKING APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING
JUNE 30, 1890, FURTHER DEFINING WORK OF STATIONS ESTABLISHED
UNDER ACT OF MARCH 2, 1887 (HATCH ACT).

That, as far as practicable, all such stations shall devote a portion of their work to
the examination and classification of soils of their respective States and Territories,
with a view to securing more extended knowledge and better development of their
agricultural capabilities.

Approved, March 2, 1889 (25 Stat. L., 841).

ACT OF 1906 FOR THE FURTHER ENDOWMENT OF AGRICULTURAL
EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

[Adams Act.]

AN ACT To provide for an increased annual appropriation for agricultural experiment stations and regu-
lating the expenditure thereof.

Be it enacted by the Senate and Ilouse of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That there shall be, and hereby is, annually appropriated, out
of any money in the Treasury not otherAvise appropriated, to be paid as hereinafter
provided, to each State and Territory, for the more complete endowment and

16

inaintenanre of agricultural experiment stations now established or whioh may
hereafter be established in accordanoe with the art oi Consrese approved March
second, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, the sura of five thousand dollars in addi-
tion to the sum named in said act for the year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred
and pix, and an annual increase ot the amount of such appropriation thereafter for
five years by an additional sum of two thousand dollars over the preceding year, and
the annual amount to be paid thereafter to each iState or Territor>' shall be thirty
thousand dollars, to be applied only to pa^dng the necessary exi^enses of conducting
original researches or experiments bearing directly on the agricultural industry of
the United States, having due regard to the varjdng conditions and needs of the
respective States or Territories.

Sec. 2. That the sums hereby appropriated to the States and Territories for the
further endowment and support of agricultural experiment stations shall be annually
paid in equal quarterly payments on the first day of January, April. July, and Octo-
ber of each year by the Secretary of the Treasury, upon the warrant of the Secretary
of Agriculture, out of the Treasury of the United States, to the treasurer or other
officer duly appointed by the governing boards of said experiment stations to receive
the same, and such officers shall be required to report to the Secretary of Agriculture
on or before the first day of September of each year a detailed statement of the amount
so received and of its disbursement, on 8<'hedules prescribed by the Secretan,- of
Agriculture. The grants of money authorized by this act are made stibject to \ogii*-
lative assent of the several States and Territories to the purpose of said grants: Pro-
vided, That payment of such installments of the appropriation herein made a.s .shall
become due to any State or Territory before the adjournment of the regular session oi
legislature meeting next after the passage of this act shall be made upon the assent
of the governor thereof, duly certified by the Secretary of the Treasury.

Sec. 3. That if any portion of the moneys received by the designated oflScer of
any State or Territory for the further and more complete endowment, support,
and maintenance of agricultural experiment stations as pro\-ided in this act shall
by any action or contingency be diminished or lost or be misapplied, it shall be
replaced by said State or Territory to which it belongs, and until so replaced no-
subsequent appropriation shall be apportioned or paid to such State or Territory;
and no portion of said moneys exceeding five per centunx of each annual ap])r<)-
priation shall be applied, directly or indirectly, under any pretense whatever, to
the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings, or to
the purchase or rental of land. It shall be the duty of each of said stations annually,
on or before the first day of February, to make to the governor of the Sute or Ter-
ritory in wl^ich it is located a full and detailed report of its operations, including
a statement of receipts and expenditures, a copy of which rei)orl shall be sent to
each of said stations, to the Secretary of Agriculture, and to the Se<'relary of the
Treasury of the United States.

Sec. 4. That on or before the first day of July in each year after the i)a8Siige of
this act the Secretary of Agriculture shall ascertain and certify to the Swretary of
the Treasury as to ea<-h State and Territory whether it is complying with the \m>-
visions of this act and is entitled to receive its share of the annual ai)propriation
for agricultural ex])eriment stations under this a<'t and the ahiount which thereui)on
each is entitled, resju'c lively, to receive. If the Secretary of Agriculture shall
withhold a certificate -from any Slate or Territory of its appropriation, the facts and
reasons therefor shall be reported to the President, and the amount involved shall
be kept st j)arate in the Treasury until the close of the next ("ongri'ss, in order that
the State or Territory may, if it shall so desire, ai)peal to Congress from the determina-
tion of the Secretary of Agriculture. If the next Congress shall not direct such sum
to be paid, it shall be covered into the Treasury; and the Secretary of As'iirulniri!
is hereby charged with the proper admiiustrution of this law.

17

Sec. 5. That the Secretary of Agriculture shall make an annual report to Con-
gress on the receipts and expenditures and work of the agricultural experiment
stations in all or the States and Territories, and also whether the appropriation of
any State or Territory has been withheld, and if so, the reason therefor.

Sec. 6. That Congress may at any time amend, suspend, or repeal any or all of
the provisions of tliis act.

Approved. March 16, 1906 (34 Stat. L., 63).

PROVISIONS OF ACT MAKING APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE UNITED
STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE FISCAL YEAR
ENDING JUNE 30, 1907, CONSTRUING THE ACT OF MARCH 16, 1906
(ADAMS ACT).

The act of Congress approved March sixteenth, nineteen hundred and six, c:. ' . .
"An act to provide for an increased annual appropriation for agricultural experiment
stations and regulating the expenditure thereof," shall be construed to appropriate
for each station the sum of five thousand dollars for the fiscal year ending June
thirtieth, nineteen hundred and six, the sum of seven thousand dollars for the fiscal
year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seven, the sum of nine thousand
dollars for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eight, the
sum of eleven thousand dollars for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen
hundred and nine, the sum of thirteen thousand dollars for the fiscal year ending June
thirtieth, nineteen hundred and ten, and the sum of fifteen thousand dollars for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eleven. The sum of five
thousand dollars appropriated for the fiscal year nineteen hundred and six shall be
paid on or before June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and six, and the amounts appro-
priated for the subsequent years shall be paid as provided in the said act to eac-'
State and Territory for the more complete endowment and maintenance of agricul-
tural experiment stations now established or which may hereafter be established in
accordance with the act of Congress approved March second, eighteen hundred and
eighty-seven.

Approved, June 30, 1906 (34 Stat. L., 669, 696).

APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE STATE STATIONS.

[Annual appropriations for State agricultural experiment stations, in the act making appropriations for
the tJnited States Department of Agriculture for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917.]

To carry into effect the provisions of an act approved March second, eighteen
hundred and eighty-seven, entitled "An act to establish agricultural experiment
stations in connection with the colleges established in the several States under the
provisions of an act approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and of
the acts supplementary thereto," the sums apportioned to the several States and
Territories, to be paid quarterly in advance, $720,000;

To carry into effect the provisions of an act approved March sixteenth, nineteen
hundred and six, entitled "An act to provide for an increased annual appropriation
for agricultural experiment stations and regulating the expenditure thereof," the
sums apportioned to the several States and Territories, to be paid quarterly in advance,
$720,000: Provided, That not to exceed $15,000 shall be paid to each State and Terri-
tory under this act.

58597°— 16 ^3

18

COOPERATION OF BUREAUS OF THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE WITH THE STATE EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

The act making appropriations for the United Statos Depart mont
of Agriculture for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1916, provides for
cooperation ])etween the Bureau of -Animal Industry and the State
experiment stations in animal feeding and breeding; between tlie
Bureau of Pbint Industry and the stations in the testing and breeding
of fd)er plants, including the testing of flax straw for paj)er making
(in cooperation with the North Dakota Agricultural College) ; between
the Bureau of Sods and the stations in the investigation of. soils;
between the Bureau of Entomology and tlie stations in the ])revention
of the spread of gipsy and browni-tail moths; and between the OfRco
of Markets and Rural Organization and the agricultural colleges and
experiment stations in studies of cooperation among farmers.

REGULATIONS OF THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT CONCERNING FREE
TRANSMISSION OF STATION PUBLICATIONS.

Sections 516 and 517 of the Postal Laws and Regulations (1902) of
the United States relating to the free transmission of reports and
bulletins of the experiment stations read as follow^s:

TO WHOM PUBUCATIONS MAY BE FRANKED.

Sec. 516. Bulletins or reports of progress, one copy to each newspaper in the State
or Territory in which the colleges hereafter referred to are located, and to such indi-
viduals actually engaged in farming as may request the same, and the annual reports
required by law to be published by the agricultural experiment stations established
under the provisions of the act of March 2, 1887, entitled "An act to establish agri-
cultural experiment stations in connection with the colleges established in the various
States and Territories iinder the provisions of an act approved July 2, 18G2, and the
acts supplementary thereto," for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts (o/
said stations) shall be transmitted in the mails of the United States free of charge for
postage, under such regulations as the Postmaster General may from time to time
prescribe.

HOW the franking privilege is to be rSEU.

Sec 517. Agricultural experiment stations which claim the ])rivilege of transmit-
ting free through the mails, under thi? jtrovisions of the ])rec('ding section, bulletins,
reports of progress, or annual report^?, mu.st make ai)itiication to the Postiiuister (Jen-
eml, stating the date of the establishment of such station, its proi)er name or designa-
tion, its official organization, and the names of its olficcrs, the name of the university,
college, school, or iii.stitution to which it is attached, if any, the legislation of the
State or Territory jtroviding for its wtablishment. and any other granting it the bene-
fits of the ])rovision made by Congress aw referred to in the ])receding section, accoin-
paniod by a co])y of the act or acts, and whether any other such station in the Siime
State or Territory is considered, or claims to be, also eiititliHl to the i)rivilege; and
also the place where such station is located and the name of the post oHico where the
bulletins an<l rejjorts will bo mailed. The ai)plication must bo signed by the oflicer
in charge of the station.

2. If such ai)])lication is allowed by the Postmaster General the postmaster at the
proper office will bo instructed to admit such bulletins and rejMjrta to the mails frt>o
of ])ostage, and the oilicer in charge of the station will bo notified thereof.

3. Only such bulletins or rejiorts as shall have been i.s.xued after an experiment
station became entitled to tho privileges of the j)receding section can bo transmittiHl

19

free; and such bulletins or reports may be inclosed in envelopes or wrappers, sealed
or unsealed. On the exterior of every envelope, wrapper, or package must be written
or printed the name of the station and place of its location, the designation of the
bulletin or report inclosed, and the word "Free" over the signature or facsimile
thereof of the officer in charge of the station, to be affixed by himself, or by some one
duly authorized by him. There may also be written or printed upon the envelope
or wrapper a request that the postmaster at the office of delivery will notify tlie
mailing station of the change of address of the addressee, or other reason for ina-
bility to deliver the same, and upon a bulk package a request to the postmaster to
open and distribute the "franked" matter therein, in accordance with the addresses
thereon.

DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE BULLETINS MAY BE FRANKED WITH STATION

PUBLICATIONS.

4. Bulletins published by the United States Department of Agriculture, and
entitled to be mailed free under the penalty envelope of that department, may also
be adopted and mailed by agricultural experiment stations, with such of their own
publications as are entitled to free transmission in the mails, under the same regula-
tions; and any bulletins or reports mailable free by any agricultural experiment
station under these regulations may be so mailed by any other station entitled to
such privilege.

REPORTS OF STATE BOARDS OR DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURE MAY NOT BE FRANKED.

5. If annual reports of an agricultural experiment station are printed by State
authority, and consist in part of matter relating to the land-grant college to which
such station is attached, then said report entire may be mailed free by the director
of the station, provided, in his judgment, the whole consists of useful information of
an agricultural character. But the reports of State agricultural departments or
boards can not be adopted by agricultural experiment stations in order to secure
free circulation of such State reports.

FREE DISTRIBUTION OP ANNUAL REPORTS NOT RESTRICTED.

6. The bulletins and reports of progress issued by agricultural experiment stations
caii only be sent free to the newspapers and persons stated in the preceding section.
The annual reports may be sent free to any address.

FREE TRANSMISSION OF ANNUAL REPORTS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

A part of section 544, relating to free transmission of annual
reports to certain foreign countries, reads as follows:

The annual reports of agricultural experiment stations may be sent free to Canada,
Cuba, and Mexico.

RETURN AND DISPOSAL OF UNCLAIMED MATTER.

A part of section 672, relating to the return and disposal of
unclaimed official matter, as amended April 26, 1912, reads as
f oUows :

Unclaimed official mail sent under penalty envelope or label or the frank of a
Member of Congress and unclaimed reports and bulletins sent out from State agri-
cultural colleges and from agricultural experiment stations will be returned to the
office of mailing if it is known. If the office of origin can not be ascertained, such
mail will be returned to the post office at Washington, D. C.

20

FREE TRANSMISSION TO UNITED STATES POSSESSIONS.

An order of the Postmaster General provides —

Any article entitled to transmission free of postage in the domestic mails of the
United States, either in a "penalty" envelope or under a duly authorized "frank,"
shall be entitled likewise to transmission in the mails free of postage between ])Iace8
in any possession of the United States from one to another of such possessions, from
the United States to such possession, and from such possession to the United States.

POSTAL CARDS MAY BE SENT FREE WITH BULLETINS.

Among rulings on matters of detail the following are the most
important:

In sending out bulletins from an agricultural experiment station it is permissible
to inclose postal cards to enable correspondents of the station to acknowledge the
receipt of its publications and to request their continuous transmission.

PAID-FOR PUBLICATIONS MAY NOT BE FRANKED. "

Copies of the reports or bulletins of the agricultural experiment stations, which
are purchased, paid, or subscribed for, or otherwise disposed of for gain, when sent
in the mails, are not entitled to free carriage under the "frank" of the director of
station.

TYPEWRITTEN OR MECHANICALLY DUPLICATED BULLETINS OR REPORTS MAY BE FRANKED.

Station bulletins and reports. con.<nsting of typewritten matter duplicated on a
mimeograph or other duplicating machine, "retain their character as free matter
when properly franked by the director of the station."

HOW CARD BULLETINS MAY BE FRANKED.

Cards upon which are printed bulletins issued by agricultural experiment stations
established under the provisions of the art of March 2, 1887, may be sent openly in
the mails, free of postage, provided the address side of such cards bears the indicia
prescribed in paragraph 3, section 517, Postal Ijaws and Ilegulations. for envelopes
ased by the experiment stations referred to in mailing copies of their bulletins and
reports.

REPORTS OF STATE BOARD.S AND DEPARTMENTS OP AGRICULTURE A.VD COLLEGE CATA-
LOGUES MAY NOT BE SENT UNDER .STATION FRANK.

Reports of the State boards of agriculture or other State* br)ards, commissioners, or
officers, even thougl) they contain station bulletins and reports, can not bo sent free
through tlie mails under th" frank of tlie director of the st;xtion. The catalogue of the
college of which the; station is a dep.irtment can not l)e sent free tluough the mails
under the frank of the director of the station, whether said catalogue is published
separately or is bound together with a sUition publication.

RULINGS OF THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL
EXPERIMENT ST.'VTIONS.

From copies of Ictiors addressed to the Secretary of the Treasury
and others by the First CoinptroUcr of the Treasury, relating to tlie
construction of the acts of Congress of March 2, 1SS7 (Hatch Act),

21

and March 16, 1906 (Adams Act), and acts supplementary thereto,
the following digest has been prepared. The dates of the decisions
by the comptroller are given:

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

The annual financial statement of the stations, with vouchers, should not be sent
to the Treasury Department, but a copy simply of the report that is made to the
governor is to be sent to the Secretary of the Treasury. January 30, 1888.

REQUIREMENTS OP FISCAL OFFICERS.

1. The Treasiiry Department will not require officers of experiment stations to do
or perform anything not specifically required by said bill.

2. The Secretary of the Treasury is not required to take a bond of the ofiicers of
said stations for the money paid over under the provisions of said act.

3. No reports will be required from the stations directly to the Secretary of the
Treasury; but the governor of the State must send to the Secretary of the Treasury
a copy of the report made to him by the colleges or stations. January 31, 1888.

SALE OP STATION BULLETINS.

The Solicitor of the Treasury writes: "I am of the opinion that there is no authority
for an agricultural experiment station to sell its bulletins outside of the State or Terri-
tory. Congress appropriates for the publication and free distribution of the bulletins
and neither expressly nor by necessary implication authorizes their sale. ' ' December
16, 1895.

ANTICIPATION OF FIRST QUARTER PAYMENTS.

The fiscal year commences on the 1st day of July, corresponding with the fiscal
year of the Government.

An agricultural station entitled to the benefits of * * * appropriations made by
Congress^ can anticipate the payment to be made July 1, and make contracts of pur-
chases prior to that time, if it shall be necessary to carry on the work of the station.
Of course, no portion of said appropriations paid in quarterly installments can be
drawn from the Treasury unless needed for the purposes indicated in the act; and so
much of what is so drawn as may not have been expended within the year must be
accoxmted for as part of the appropriation for the following year. August 2, 1888.

ESTABLISHMENT OF INDEPENDENT STATIONS.

The [Hatch] Act contemplates that where stations have already been established
disconnected from the colleges the legislatures of such States may make such pro-
visions in regard thereto as they may deem proper; but it does not authorize the
establislunent of stations except in connection with the colleges that were at that time
or might hereafter be established under the act of July 2, 1862. January 30, 1888.

DIVISION OF FUNDS BETWEEN STATIONS ALREADY ESTABLISHED.

"VMiere there is an agricultural college or station which may have been established
by State authority and is maintained by the State, the eighth section of the above act
would authorize the State to jdesignate the station to which it desired the appropriation
to be applied, whether to one or more, or all, and the Secretary of the Treasury should
make the payment under the appropriation to whiche'ver one the State might desire.
February 14, 1888.

22

DESIGNATION OF BENEFICIARIES OF THE HATCH FUND BY STATE LEGISLATURES.

1. \Mien an agricultural college or station has been established under the act of
July 2, 1862, each college is entitled to the benefits of the pro\ isions of said act (i. e. , of
Mar. 2, 1887).

2. In a State where an agricultural college has been established under the act of
July 2, 18(52, and agricultural stations have also been established, either under the
act of July 2, 1862, or by State authority, before March 2, 1887, the legislature of
such State shall determine which one of said institutions, or how many of them,
sliall receiv e the benfits of the act of March 2, 1887.

3. If the legislature of any State in which an agricultural college has been estab-
lished under the act of July 2, 1862, desires to establish an agricultural station whifh
sliall be entitled to the benefits of said act. it must establish such station in connection
with said college. February 15, 1888.

It is within the power of the legislature of any State that has accepted the provi-
sions of said act of March 2, 1887, to dispose of the amount appropriated by Congress
for 8:iid station to each one or all of the agricultural colleges or stations which may
liave been established in said State by virtue of either the pro^-isions of the act of
July 2, 1862, or the provisions of said eighth section of the act of March 2, 1887.

The whole responsiV)ility rests upon the State legislature as to how the fund appro-
priated by Congress shall be distributed among these various institutions of the State,
provided there is one or more agricultural colleges with which an agricultural station
is connected or one or more agricultural stations. December 7, 1888.

RULINGS OF THE COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY REGARDING UN-
EXPENDED BALANCES OF APPROPRIATIONS, HATCH AND ADAMS
ACTS.

Section 3 of the so-called Adams Act of March 16, 1906 (34 Stat.. 63). which pro-
vides for an increased annual appropriation for agricultural experiment stations, re-
quires that such part of the money appropriated under the provisions of said act as
may be diminished or lost or misapplied after being received by the officer of the
State or Territory designated to receive same must "be replaced by said State or
Territory to which it belongs, and imtil so replaced no subsequent appropriation shall
be apportioned or paid to such State or Territory "; and this requirement is an abso-
lute prohil)ition upon the apportionment until such replacement is actually made, a
mere; withholding from the sub.sequent appropriation of an amount equal to that
diminiMhed, lost, or misapplied not being a compliance with said statute. (18 Comp.
Dec, 120.)

Such funds may bo replaced ])y expondino; tho amount involved
for tho purpos(W for which tho funds wcro ori^iiudly appropriated,
to the satisfaction of the Secretary of Agriculture. There is "no
limitation on time within which the replacement shall ho made,"
but "no apportionment whatever can bo made until tho misapphed
moneys arc replaced."

The provi.«ion in the Hatch Act of March 2, 1887 (24 Stat., 440), requiring tho deduc-
tion of unexpcudwl apixtrtionincuts of aj)pr<ipriation8 applies atso to appropriations
under the Adams Act of March 16, 1906 (34 Stat., 63). (18 Comp. Dec, 485.)

Sucli ime.\p<'nded balances must ])o a<'counted for as a part of tho
appropriation for the next snccee(nn<; year; in short, each station
must account every year for (ho specific sum (Sir>,000) provided 1)y

23

Congress, although the amount actually paid to the station in any
one year may be less than $15,000 on account of the deduction of an
unexpended balance for the preceding fiscal year.

RULINGS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ON THE WORK AND
EXPENDITURES OF AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

In connection with examinations of the work and expenditures of
the agricultural experiment stations established in accordance with
the act of Congress of March 2, 1887, and further endowed under act
of Congress of Marcii 16, 1906, under authority given to the Secretary
of Agriculture by Congress, questions have arisen wliich have seemed
to make it advisable to formulate the views of this department on
certain matters affecting the management of the stations under those
acts. The rulings which have been made from time to time on points
which seemed to require special attention are as follows :

PERMANENT SUBSTATIONS.

This department holds that the expenditure of funds appropriated in accordance
with the provisions of the act of Congress of March 2, 1887, for the maintenance of
permanent substations is contrary to the spirit and intent of said act. The act pro-
vides for an experiment station in each State and Territory, which, except in cases
specified in the act, is to be a department of the college established under the act of
Congress of July 2, 1862. The objects of the stations, as defined in the first-mentioned
act, are eAddently of such a character as to necessitate the services of scientific and
expert workers. Most of the lines of investigation named in the act are general,
rather than local, and involve scientific equipment and work. It is obviously the
intent that the stations established under this act shall carry on important investi-
gations which shall be of general benefit to the agriculture of the several States and
Territories. The sum of $15,000, which is annually appropriated by Congress under
this act for each station, is only suflicient to carry out a limited number of investiga-
tions of the kind contemplated by the act.

As the work of the stations in the different States has developed it has been foimd
necessary to limit, rather than expand, the lines of work of the individual stations.
Thorough work in a few lines has been found more effective and productive of more
useful results than small investigations in numerous lines. WTien we consider the
natiu-e of the investigations, the amount of money provided for the work of each sta-
tion, and the fact that the act expressly provides for only a single station in connec-
tion with each college, it becomes very clear that expenditures such as are necessary
to effectually maintain permanent substations ought not to be made from the funds
granted by Congress to the States and Territories for experiment stations. The mainte-
nance of permanent substations, as a rule, involves the erection of buildings and the
making of other permanent improvements. The sums of money which can be ex-
pended for permanent improvements under the act of Congress aforesaid are so small
that it is clear they were not intended to meet the needs of more than one station in
each State and Territory.

\\Tien the legislature of a State or Territory has given its assent to the provisions
of the. act of Congress of March 2, 1887, and has designated the institution which shall
receive the benefits of said act, it would seem to have exhausted its powers In the mat-
ter. The responsibility for the maintenance of an experiment station iinder said act
devolves upon the governing board of the institution thus designated. If the legis-
lature of the State or Territory sees fit to pro^■ide funds for the equipment and mainte-

24

nance of other experiment stations and to put them under the control of the same
governing V>oard, well and good, hut this does not in any way diminish the respon-
sibility of tho hoard to administer the funds granted by Congress in accordance with the
provisions of said act.

The wistlom of Congress in limiting the number of stations to be established in each
State and Territory under the aforesaid act has been clearly shown by the exf>eri-
ence of the few States and Territories which have attempted the maintenance of
substations with the funds granted under said act. The expense of maintaining sub-
stations has, as a rule, materially weakened the central station, and the investigations
carried on at the substations have been superficial and temjwrary. It is granted that
in many States and Territories more than one agricultural experiment station might
do ust?ful work, and in some States more than one station has alrea<^ly been successfully
maintained; but in all these cases the State has given funds from its own treasurj' to
supplement those given by Congress. It is also granted that experiment stations
estahlLshed under said act of Congress and ha\-ing no other funds than those pro\-ided
by that act will often need to carry on investigations in different localities in their
respective States and Territories, but it is held that this should be done in such a way
as will secure the thorough supervision of such investigations by the expert officers of
the station and that arrangements for such experimental inquiries should not be of so
permanent a character as to prevent the station from shifting its work from place to
place as circumstances may require nor involve the expenditure of funds in such
amounts and in such ways as will weaken the work of the station as a whole.

As far as practicable the cooperation of indi\-iduals and communities benefited by
these special investigations should be sought and, if necessary, the aid of the States
invoked to carry on enterprises too great to be successfully conducted witliin the
limits of the appropriation granted by Congress under the act aforesaid.

PURCHASE OR RENTAL OF LANDS FOR AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

This department holds that the purchase or rental of lands by the experiment
stations from the funds appropriated in accordance with the proAisions of the act of
Congress of March 2, 1887, is contrary to the spirit and intent of said act. The act
provides for "paying the necessary expenses of conducting investigations and experi-
ments and printing and distributing the results. * * * Provided, however, That
out of the first annual appropriation so received by any station an amount not exceed-
ing one-fifth may be expended in the erection, enlai^ement, or repair of a building or
buildings neceasary for carrying on the work of such stations; and thereafter an amount
not exceetling five per centum of such aimual aj)propriation may be so expended."
The oidy rcfcrcnct; to land for the station in the act is in section 8, where State legisla-
tures arc authorized to aj)ply appropriations made under said act to separate agri-
cultural colleges or schools cstiil)lished by the State "which shall have connected
therewith an experimental farm or station." The strict limitation of the amount
provided for buildings and the al)seiice of any provision for the purchase or rental of
lands, when taken in connection with the statement in the eighth section, which treats
the farm as in a sense a necessary adjunct of tho (iducation'al institution to which the
whole or a j)art of the funds ap])ropriat<'d in accordance with said act might in certain
Cixses be devoted, jxiint to the conclusion that it was expected that the institution of
which the station is a de])artm('nt would supi)ly the land needed for experimental
|)wrj)OHeH and that charges for the j)unli;u<e or rental of lands would not be made against
the funds ])rovided by Congress for the experiment station. This conclusion is reen-
forced by a con.sidenition of a wise and «'coiioniic j)oIicy in the management of agricul-
tural experiment stations, espeeially iis relating to ciuH'sin which it might l)e desiml>!e
for the station to have land for experimental j)uriKiseH in diff«'n'iit localities. Tho
investigations carried on by tho stations in such cast»s being for the direct benefit of
agricidture in the localities where the work is done, it seems only reasonable that

25

persons or communities whose interests will be advanced by the station work should
contribute the use of the small tracts of land which will be required for experimental
purposes. Experience shows that in most cases the stations have had no difficulty
in securing such land as they needed without expense, and it is believed that this may
be done in every case without injuriously affecting the interests of the stations.

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS FOR CARRYING ON FARM OPERATIONS.

This department holds that expenses incurred in conducting the operations of
farms, whether the farms are connected with institutions established under the act of
Congress of July 2, 1862, or not, are not a proper charge against the funds appropriated
by Congress for agricultural experiment stations in accordance with the act of Congress
of March 2, 1887, unless such operations definitely constitute a part of agricultural
investigations or experiments planned and conducted in accordance with the terms
of the act aforesaid, under rules and regulations prescribed by the gOA-erning board
of the station. The performance of ordinary farm operations by an experiment station
does not constitute experimental work. Operations of this character by an experiment
station should be confined to such as are a necessary part of experimental inquiries.
Carrying on a farm for profit or as a model farm, or to secure funds which may be after-
wards devoted to the erection of buildings for experiment station purposes, to the
further development of experimental investigation, or to any other purpose, however
laudable and desirable, is not contemplated by the law as a part of the functions of
an agricultural experiment station established under the act of Congress of March 2,
1887.* Section 5 of that act plainly limits the expenditures of funds appropriated in
accordance with said act to ' ' the necessary expenses of conducting investigations and
■experiments and printing and distributing the results."

SALES FUNDS OF AN AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.

This department holds that moneys received from the sales of farm products or other
property in the possession of an agi-icultural experiment station as the result of expendi-
tures of funds received by the station in accordance with the act of Congress of March
2, 1887, rightfully belong to the experiment station as a department of the college or
other institution with which it is connected, and may be expended in accordance with
the laws or regulations governing the financial transactions of the governing board of
the station, provided, however, that all expenses attending such sales, including
those attending the delivery of the property into the possession of the purchaser,
should be deducted from the gross receipts from the sales and should not be made a
charge against the funds appropriated by Congress.

LIMIT OF EXPENDITURES OP EXPERIMENT STATIONS DURING ONE FISCAL YEAR.

This department holds that expenses incurred by an agricultural experiment
station in any one fiscal year to be paid from the funds provided under the art of
Congress of March 2, 1887, should not exceed the amount appropriated to the station
by Congress for that year, and especially that all personal services should be paid for
out of the appropriation of the year in which they were performed, and that claims
for compensation for such services can not properly be paid out of the appropriations
for succeeding years. The several appropriations for experiment stations under the
aforesaid act are for one year only, and officers of experiment stations have no authorit y
to contract for expenditures beyond the year for which Congress has made appropria-
tions.

This is plainly implied in the act aforesaid, inasmuch as section 6 provides that
unexpended balances shall revert to the Treasury of the United States, "in order that
the amount of money appropriated to any station shall not exceed the amount actually
and necessarily required for its maintenance and support." The annual financial
report rendered in the form prescribed by this department should in every case include
only the receipts and expenditures of the fiscal year for which the report is made.

26

EXPENDITURES FOR A WATER SYSTEM TO BE CHARGED UNDER "BUILDINGS AND

REPAIRS."

This department liolds that expenditures by agricultural experiment stations from
the funds appropriated in accordance \\-ith the act of Congress of March 2, 1887, for
the construction of wells, cisterns, ponds, or other reservoirs for the storage of water,
and for piping, and other materials for a system of storing and distributing water, are
properly charged, under abstract 18 in the schedule for financial reports pre^cribini
Ijy this department, as being for improvements on lands which have hitherto lieen
held to come under the head of "buildings and repairs. " The fact that a water system
may be a necessary adjunct of certain experimental inf}uirie.s does not affect the ca.'^e,
inasmuch as the limitations on expenditures for improvements contained in section 5
of the act of Congress of March 2, 1887, expressly stipulate that these improvements
shall be such as are necessary for carrying on the work of the station.

MEMBERSHIP FEES IN AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS.

This department holds that membership fees in associations and other organiza-
tions are not a proper charge against the funds appropriated by Congress in accordance
with the act of March 2, 1887, except in the case of the Association of American Agri-
cultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, which is held to be an essential part of
the system of experiment stations established under said act.

THE BORROWING OF MONEY BY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

This department holds that experiment station officers have no authority to borrow
money to be repaid out of appropriations made under the act of Congress of March 2,
1887, and that charges for interest can not properly be made against funds appropriated
under that act.

THE USE OF EXPERIMENT STATION FUNDS FOR COLLEGE PURPOSES.

This department holds that no portion of the funds appropriated by Congress in
accordance with the act of March 2, 1887, can legally be used, either directly or
indirectly, for paying the salaries or wages of professors, teachers, or other persons
whose duties are confined to teaching, administration, or other work in connection
with the courses of instruction given in the colleges with which the stations are con-
nected or in any other educational institution; nor should any other expenses con-
nected with the work or facilities for instruction in school or college courses be paid
from said fund . In case the same persons are employed in both the experiment station
aii<l the other departments of the college with which th*; station is connected a fair
and equitable division of salaries or wages should l)e made, and in case of any other
expenditures for the joint Ijcnelit of the experiment statii)n and the other departments
of the college the aforesaid funds should be charged with only a fair share of such
expenditures.

EXPENSES FOR EXTENSION WORK NOT CHARGEABLE TO THE HATCH FUND.
[Kxtrai:t from circular letter of the Dlrwlor of the OUlco of Exporimont Stations of Feb. 2.1, 1000.)

Expenses for extension work should not be charged against the Hatch fund, and
* * * only such printing should be done with that fund as will record the
experimental work of the stations established under th^ Hati'h Act. * * ♦

ACCOUNTING AND USES OF THE ADAMS FUND.

[Extract from circular letter of the Secretary of Agriculture of Mar. 'M, I'.Nitl.]

Under the terius of the act it will Ix' neceH.sary that a neparate account of tho Adams
fund shall be kept at each station, wliich should be open at all times to the inspoction

27

of the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations or his accredited representa-
tive. * * *

The Adams fund is "to be applied only to paying the necessary expenses of con-
ducting original researches or experiments bearing directly on the agricultural indus-
try of the United States." It is for the "more complete endowment and mainte-
nance" of the experiment stations, presupposing the provision of a working plant
and administrative officers. Accordingly, expenses for administration, care of build-
ings and gi'ounds, insurance, office furniture and fittings, general maintenance of the
station farm and animals, verification and demonstration experiments, compilations,
farmers' institute work, traveling, except as is immediately connected with original
researches in progress under this act, and other general expenses for the maintenance
of the experiment stations, are not to be charged to this fund. The act makes no
provision for printing or for the distribution of publications, which should be charged
to other funds. * * *

CLASSIFICATION OF ACCOUNTS.

In accordance with the requirement that the Secretary of Agricul-
ture shall prescribe the form of the annual financial statement
required under the Hatch and Adams Acts, forms are issued by the
Office of Experiment Stations- which provide for the classification of
station accounts under 18 ledger headings, as follows:

(1) Salaries — administrative, technical, and clerical.

(2) Labor, regular and temporary, in connection with experiments.

(3) Publications, printing, illustration, envelopes for mailing, etc.

(4) Postage and stationery, including means of communication, such as telephone,

telegraph, and c^ble service; and stationery for office and record purposes,
forms, index cards, etc.

(5) Freight and express, including drayage or other charges for handling freight.

(6) Heat, light, water, and poiuer.

(7) Chemicals and laboratory supplies for all departments of the station, not including

apparatus of permanent character.

(8) Seeds, plants, and sundry supplies not otherwise provided for, for various

departments.

(9) Fertilizers, including water for irrigation.

(10) Feeding stuffs for work animals and those under experiment.

(11) Library — ^books, periodicals, and binding, but-not including equipment or general

supplies.

(12) Tools, machinery, and appliances, such as agricultural implements and machines,

motors, mills, pumps, vehicles, harness, and small movable structures like
animal cages, brooders, or shelters, including repairs to same.

(13) Furniture and fixtures for .offices and laboratories — desks, cases, typewritei-s, and

office appliances.

(14) Scientific apparatus and specimens, including mounted insects, fungi, etc.

(15) Live stock, including purchase of animals of all kinds for work or experimental

purposes, but not their feeding and care.

(16) Traveling expenses in supervision of station work or in connection with it.

(17) Contingent expenses, to be itemized in detail.

(18) Buildings and land, including all expenses for labor and material for the erec-

tion, alteration, and repair of buildings, permanent structures built in place,
purchase of permanent fixtures forming part of a building, purchase or rental
of land (under Adams fund only), and improvements on land, such as roads,,
fences, drainage or water systems, etc.

28

REQUIREMENTS OF EXPERIMENT STATION ACCOlTsTING.

[Se« circular letter of the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations of Mar. 1, 1911]

Th«> principle which should ^ide ia that all expcndituros from the Hatch fund
must be for experimental work and publications, and all expenditures from the
Adams fund for the projects agreed upon in advance with the Office of Experiment
Stations.

In adjusting the salaries of station employees only such portion of their time as is
occupied in connection with experimental work and the publication of the results
thertH)f, including correspondence directly relating to the experimental work, should
be charged to the Federal funds for the station. All business and corre.«»pondence
connected with the college, inspection service, and extension department or bureau
of information should be paid for from other funds.

The same principle should be applied to all other expenditures from these funds
for the maintenance of the station.

The Adams fund expenditures for salaries, labor, travel, apparatu.''. books, and
maintenance should be strictly confined to those necessitated by the projects on
file which have been approved by this office. Each voucher should be indorsed with
the title of the project for which the expenditure was incurred, and be O. K'd by
the officer in immediate charge of the project, as well as by the director.

Separate accounts should be kept for the Hatch, Adams, and sales funds, and as
far as practicable separate vouchers should be on file for each of these funds.

The sales funds should be used only for experiment station work and publications
and not for inspection or extension work or compiled publications.

lUlls for printing, illustrations, preparation of MS., or mailing of publications
should not be charged- to the Hatch fund unless the publications clearly record the
experimental work of the station. Popular bulletins charged to the Hatch fund
should expressly show that they embody the results of the station's experimental
work. General bulletins of information, circulars containing directions for the use
of fertilizers, sprajdng, etc., which are compiled from well-known stmrces <.if informa-
tion or embody the general or local experience of practical men, and other compiled
pulilications, should not be charged to the Hatch fund.

The expenses of tests and local demonstrations of established results of exj)erimental
work or improved practice are not proper charges against the Federal funds fur the
stations.

In keeping the station books and vouchers and in making up the financial reports
strict attention should be paid to the rulings of the dei)artnu'nt, the published scheme
of classification of accounts, and the instructions printed on the first page of the finan-
cial schedule and in connection with the several abstracts thereof.

"\Vh«'n changes are made of accountants or clerks, the re(|uiren»e-nt.s of the department
ri'gardiug the details of expenditure and accounting should be !)rought to tlie attentioix
of the new incumbents, and care should be taken that a])i)roved methods of accounting
shall nut be changed without con.sideration of the department's recpiirements.

ADMINISTRATION OF HATCH AND ADAMS ACTS.

[Kxtrocl from report of the Socrotory of AKrioiilttiro, rJ13. |

Efficient station work demands an atmosphere of fairness and jiisUco and reiusonablo

H<;curi(y lo the stuff. It furthermore reiinires stability of policy and the highest ptwsi-
ble me:isure of continuity in work and in i)ersonneI. Mon«'y sjienton dis<'onlinue*l or
interrupted i)rojeclHiB usually very laru'ely was(e<l. The direct or of thestulion. as the
giiiiling head, is mainly responsible for the succe.'Vt of the station. .\ good station and
u good director go together. Tim station director deserves Ut be sustiiined and sup-
j)ortod by the governing board in currying out the general jM>li(y after it is approved

29

by them. A change in the director is inevitably a temporary shock to the work, often
interrupts projects, causes changes in the policy and personnel, and creates an era of
uncertainty; hence a change is not justified except when clearly indicated by incom-
petence or inability. In the discharge of its functions in administering the Federal
funds and in seeing that they are properly used, the Department of Agriculture should
not fail to take cognizance of so important and vital a change as that of director.

The Adams Act directs that the Secretary of Agriculture shall each year ascertain
and certify to the Secretary of the Treasury as to each State and Territory, whether it
is complying with the provisions of this act and is entitled to receive a share of the
annual appropriation. It authorizes the Secretary to withhold certification, thus sus-
pending payment, and to report the matter to Congress. While the right of the col-
leges to direct the stations within their States and select the members of the station
staff is recognized, radical changes in the personnel or policy of the station, except for
good and valid reasons, should, it is believed, be held to be unwarranted interference
of the governing board with the conduct of the station. Such action fails to recognize
the cardinal principles of efficient administration and places an institution in a posi-
tion of inability to properly employ the Federal funds. It is believed that such a
condition does not warrant the Federal Government in continuing to advance funds
to the college or its experiment station, and should lead to the withholdiag of funds
until conditions favorable to their effective use are restored.

COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK.

ACT OF 1914 PROVIDING FOR COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK.

[Smith-Lever Act.]

aN act To provide for cooperative agricultural extension work between the agricultural colleges in the
several States receiving the benefits of an act of Congress approved July second, eighteen himdred and
sixty-two, and of acts supplementary thereto, and the United States Department of Agriculture.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That in order to aid in diffusing among the people of the United
States useful and practical information on subjects relating to agriculture and home
economics, and to encourage the application of the same, there may be inaugurated
in connection with the college or colleges in each State now receiving, or whic h may
hereafter receive, the benefits of the act of Congress approved July second, eighteen
hundred and sixty-two, entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States
and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the
mechanic arts" (Twelfth Statutes at Large, page five hundred and three), and of the
act of Congress approved August thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety (Twenty-
sixth Statutes at Large, page four hundred and seventeen and chapter eight hundred
and forty-one), agricultural extension work which shall be carried on in cooperation
with the United States Department of Agriculture: Provided, That in any State in
which two or more such colleges have been or hereafter may be established the appro-
priations hereinafter made to such State shall be administered by such college or
colleges asHhe legislature of such State may direct: Provided further , That, pending
the inauguration and development of the cooperative extension work herein author-
ized, nothing in this act shall be construed to discontinue either the farm manage-
ment work or the farmers' cooperative demonstration work as now conducted by the
Bureau of Plant Industry of the Department of Agriculture.

Sec. 2. That cooperative agricultural extension work shall consist of the giving
of instruction and practical demonstrations in agriculture and home economics to
persons not attending or resident in said colleges in the several communities, and
imparting to such persons information on said subjects through field demonstrations,
publications, and otherwise; and this work shall be carried on in such manner as

30

may be mutually agreed upon by the Secretary of Agriculture and the State agri-
cultural college or collef:o8 recoiWng the benefits of this act.

Sec. 3. That for the purpose of paying the e.xpensos of said cooperative agricultural
extension work and the necessarj-- printing and distributing of information in con-
nection with the same, there is ])emianently appropriated, out of any money in the
Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $480,000 for each year. $10,000 of
which shall be paid annually, in the manner hereinafter provided, to each State
which shall by action of its legislature assent to the provisions of this act: Provided,
That payment of such installments of the appropriation hereinbefore made as shall
become due to any State before the adjournment of the regular session of the legisla-
ture meeting next after the passage of this act may. in the absence of prior legislative
assent, be made ujwn the assent of the governor thereof, duly certified to the Secre-
tarj' of the Treasury: Provided further. That there is also appropriated an additional
sum of $000,000 for the fiscal year following that in which the foregoing appropriation
first becomes available, and for each year thereafter for seven years a sum exceeding
by $500,000 the sum appropriated for each preceding year, and for each year thereafter
there is permanently appropriated for each year the sum of $4,100,000 in addition
to the sum of $480,000 hereinbefore provided: Provided further , That before the funds
herein appropriated shall become available to any college for any fiscal year plans
for the work to be carried on under this act shall be submitted by the proper officials
of each college and approved by the Secretary of Agriculture. Such additional sums
shall be iised only for the purposes hereinbefore stated, and shall be allotted annually
to each State by the Secretary of Agriculture and paid in the manner hereinbefore
provided, in the proportion which the rural population of each State bears to the total
rural jjopulation of all the States as determined by the next preceding Federal census:
Provided further , That no payment out df the additional appropriations herein pro-
vided shall be made in any year to any State until an equal sum has been appropri-
ated for that year by the legislature of such State, or provided by State, county, col-
lege, local authority, or individual contributions from witliin the State, for the miin-
tenance of the cooperative agricultural extension work pro\'ided for in this act.

Skc. 4. That the sums hereby appropriated for extension work shall be paid in equal
semiannual payments on the first day of January and July of each year by the Secretary
of the Treasury upon the warrant of the Secretary of Agriculture, out of the Treasurj'
of the United States, to the treasurer or other officer of the State duly authorized by
the laws of the State to receive the same; and such officer shall be required to report
to the Secretary of Agriculture, on or before the first day of September of each year,
a detailed statement of the amount so received during the preWous li.scal year, and of
its di,sbursement, on forms prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture.

Sec. 5. That if any portion of the moneys receivetl by the designated officer of
any Stato for the sup])ort and maintenance of cooperative agricultural extension
work, as jjrovidtnl in this act, shall by any action or contingency bo dimini.-fhed or
lost or bo ml-applitd, it shall bo replaced by said State to which it belongs, and until
so replaced no subsequent ajjpropriation shall bo a]>portioncd or paid to said State,
and no portion of said moneys shall bo ai)plied, directly or indirectly, to the pur-
chase, ercK-'tion, preservation, or repair of any buiUling or l)uildings, or tflo j^urchase
or rental of land, or in collego-cour.se teaching, lectures in colleges, promoting agri-
cultural trains, or any other ])urpose not Hju'cilied in this act, and not more than five
per centum of each anntial aj)j)n)j)riati()n shall be a]>plie(l to the printing and dis-
tribntion ol ])ulilication.M. It shall bo the duty of each of said colleges annunlly, on
or ln'fori' the lirst day of January, to make to tho governor of the State in which it is
located a full ami detailed rejxjrt of it.n operations in the directioti of extension work
aa dclined iti thi.s act, including a <l<<taile<l statement of reccijtts and exj)en<liturea
from all H<iurceH for this purposti, a copy of which report shall 1k> sent to tho Secretary
of Agriculture and to tho Secretary of the Treasury of tho United States.

31

Sec. 6. That on or before the first day of July in each year after the passage of
this act the Secretary of Agriculture shall ascertain and certify to the Secretary of
the Treasury as to each State whether it is entitled to receive its share of the annual
approj^riation for cooperative agricultural extension work under this act, and the
amount which it is entitled to receive. If the Secretary of Agriculture shall with-
hold a certificate froni any State of its appropriation, the facts and reasons therefor
shall ))e reported to the President, and the amount involved shall he kept separate
in the Treasury until the expiration of the Congress next succeeding a session of the
legislature of any State from which a certificate has been withheld, in order that the
State may, if it should so desire, appeal to Confress from the determination of the
Secretary of Agricultiu-e. If the next Congress shall not direct such sum to be paid,
it shall be covered into the Treasiu-y.

Sec. 7. That the Secretary of Agriculture shall make an annual report to Congress
of the receipts, expenditures, and results of the cooperative agricultural extension
work in all of the States receiving the benefits of this act, and also whether the appro-
priation of any State has been withheld, and if so, the reasons therefor.

Sec 8. That Congress may at any time alter, amend, or repeal any or all of the
provisions of this act.

Approved, May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. L., 372).

FRANKING PRIVILEGE.

PROVISION OF ACT MAKING APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1915.

All correspondence, bulletins, and reports for the furtherance of the purposes of the
act approved May eighth, nineteen hundred and fourteen, entitled "An act to pro-
Adde for cooperative agiicultural extension work between the agricultural colleges in
the several States receiving the benefits of an act of Congress approved July second,
eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and the acts supplementary thereto, and the United
States Department of Agriculture," jnay be transmitted in the mails of the United
States free of charge tor postage, under such regulations as the Postmaster General,
from time to time, may prescribe, by such college ofiicer or other person connected
with the extension department of such college as the Secretary of Agriculture may
designate to the Postmaster General (38 Stat. L., 415, 438).

In a letter to the Secretary of Agriculture, dated April 28, 1915,
the Postmaster General ruled that the above proviso ''is regarded
as permanent legislation."

ORDER (no. 8547) OP THE POSTMASTER GENERAL REGARDING THE FRANKING

PRIVILEGE UNDER THE SMITH-LEVER ACT.

[Approved Dec. 21, 1914.]

The Postal Laws and Regulations, edition of 1913, are amended by the addition of
the following as section 504 i:

504^. All correspondence, bulletins, and reports for the furtherance of the purpose
of the act approved May 8, 1914 (see paragraph 2 of this section), entitled "An act
to provide for cooperative agricultural extension work between the agricultural col-
leges in the several States recei^dng the benefits of an act of Congress approved July 2,
1862, and the acts supplementary thereto, and the United States Department of
Agriculture," may be transmitted in the mails of the United. States free of charge for
postage, under such regulations as the Postmaster General from time to time may
prescribe, by such college officer or other pereon connected with the extension departs
ment of such college as the Secretary of Agriculture may designate to the Postmaster
General. (Act of June 30, 1914.)

32

2. There may be inaugurated in connection with the college or colleges in each
State now receiving, or which may hereafter receive, the benefits of the act of Con-
gress approved July 2, 1862 * * * (12 Stat., 503), and the act of Congress approved
August 30, 1890 (26 Stat., 417), agricultural extension work which shall be carried
on in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. « » ♦ Co-
ojxrative agricultural extension work shall consi.«t of the giving of instniction and
practical demonstrations in agriculture and home economics to ])ernon8 not attentling
or resident in said colleges in the several communities, and imparting to such i>erson8'
information on said subjects through field demonstrations, publications, and other-
wise. (Act of May 8, 1914.)

3. Upon designation to the Postmaster General by the Secretary' of Agriculture of
a college ofTicer or other person connected with the extension department of a State
agricultural college recei\-ing the benefits of the act of July 2, 1802. and the actssup-
plementsiry thereto, by whom the correspondence, bulletins, and reports mentioned
in j)aragraph 1 of this section are to be transmitted, the Third As-sistant Postmaster
(leneral shall authorize the j)03tmaster at the post office where the extension depart-
ment of such college is located to accept from the officer or person so designated such
correspondence, bulletins, and reports for free transmission in the mails.

4. In the upper left corner of the envelope or wrapper containing such correspond-
ence, bulletins, or reports shall be printed over the words "'Free — Cooperative Agri-
cultural Extension Work — Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914," the name of the agricul-
tural college and the name of the post office at which the matter is to be accei)ted free,
followed by the name and title of the college officer or person designated to transmit
such matter, and in the upper right corner the words "Penalty for private use to avoid
payment of postage, $300." The designated college officer or person is not authorized
to furnish such en^'eIope^ for use as return envelopes by individuals or concerns from
whom replies are requested.

5. Only such correspondence, bulletins, and reports as are for the furtherance of the
purposes of the act of May 8, 1914, set forth in paragraph 2 of this section, and are
mailed at the authorized post office by the college officer or other person duly desig-
nated may be transmitted free under the provisions of this section. All such correspond-
ence,-etc., to be entitled to free transmission, must be conducted under the name of
such designated college officer or person. Correspondence with autograph signature
may be mailed sealed, but all other matter shall be i)resented unsealed.

6. WTien in doubt as to whether any i)articular matter presented for mailing imder
the provisions of this section is entitled to be transmitted free, the postmaster shall
submit a 8amy)le to the Third Assistant Postmaster General, Division of Classification,
and pending decision may dispatch the matter if the sender makes a deposit to cover
the postage at the proper rate. The deposit will be refunded if the matter is held to
bo entitled to free transmission.

33

1NSTRUC3T10NS REGARDING THE USE OF PENALTY ENVELOPES OP THE UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BY COOPERATIVE EXTENSION EMPLOYEES.

[Approved by the Secretary of Agriculture May 3, 1916.1

The following instructions, relative to the use of the penalty envelopes of the United
States Department of Agriculture, should be strictly observed by all persons engaged
in extension work under appointment from the United States Department of Agri-
culture whether they receive all or any part of their salary from the department.

The use of penalty envelopes is restricted to "matters relating exclusively to the
business of the Government, " and they must, therefore, be used cautiously and in
strict compliance with the law and the postal regulations, their unlawful use being an
offense punishable by a maximum fine of $300. The cooperative agents or employees
of the United States Department of Agriculture, any part of whose salary is paid by
that department, have the right to use the penalty envelope only on "matters relating
exclusively to the business of the Government of the United States" for wliich appoint-
ment from the United States Department of Agriculture is made.

The fact that the agent who receives a part of his salary from the department is also
engaged in extension work under the general cooperative agreement with the State
agricultural college does not give him the right to use the department penalty envelope
for all extension business. His use of such envelope must be confined to those exten-
sion enterprises wliich are covered by the terms of liis commission from the department
and the projects in wliich the department funds are used.

In using the official penalty envelope, post card, or tag the following instructions
should be observed:

1. jfw official correspondence with the United States Department of Agriculture. — All
correspondence addressed to the United States Department of Agriculture pertaining
to the work for wliich the employee receives his Federal appointment may be con-
ducted in penalty envelopes. All such letters should be inclosed in envelopes ad-
dressed to the office through which the Federal appointment was made. Such letters
must relate entirely to the official public business covered by the appointment which
may include the sending in of reports, requests for information, requests for bulletins
and supplies and other material needed in the work, and responses to inquiries made
by officials of the department.

2. Correspondence with supervising agents, leaders or directors within the State, and
with other field employees holding appointments from the United States Department of
Agriculture and engaged in similar work. — All such correspondence must relate entirely
to the official business for which the employee was appointed by the United States
Department of Agriculture in order to entitle it to transmission in penalty envelopes.

3. Correspondence with farmers and other persons. — Penalty envelopes may be used to
transmit through the mails letters of instruction to farmers engaged in carrying on
demonstrations, notices of meetings to be held in furtherance of the work for which
the agent received his Federal appointment, and of special demonstrations. All such
correspondence should relate either to tli'e giving of information to farmers or their
families relative to demonstrations conducted under the supervision of the agent, and
advice to farmers in answer to their inquiries, or of instruction to farmers and their
families regarding some feature of agriculture or home economics taken up by the
agent in furtherance of the work for which he was employed by the department.

They may be used to call the attention of the farmers to such farmers' meetings as are
held in furtherance of the work for which the agent was employed , but shall not be used
-to send out notices of meetings of organizations of farmers and business men or indis-
criminate announcements of farmers' meetings. In no case should penalty envelopes
be used for the purpose of relieving organizations from paying postage on matter issued
by the organization and which is therefore properly chargeable with postage.

4. Penalty envelopes must not be used in transacting such private business as send-
ing for catalogues, price lists, seeds, implements, fertilizers, etc., for farmers or groups

34

of farmers, nor in seeking markets for produrts of individual farmers or groups of
farmers, nor in mailing catalogues, announcemente, or price lists of State, «)unty, or
other fairs.

5. An addressed return penalty envelope or poet card may be sent out to farmers
and other persons from whom information is desired, provided such information is to
he used strictly in furtherance of the work for which the agent received his F«^leral
apf)ointment. Such use of the penalty envelopes should be made with great caution
for fear of the abuse of the i)rivilege by uninstructed indiWduals. County agents
should not send out circular letters of inquirj' in penalty envelopes unless they are
instructed to do so by their State leader, who should send to the department copies of
all such letters which he has approved. Penalty envelopes and tags sliould never be
furnished to farmers or others to be used in sending any commoflity through the mails.

6. In all correspondence maile<l in penalty envelopes agents should iL^e eitheir

department letterheads or letterheads approved by the department which clearly

indicate the participation of the Unite<l States Department of Agriculture in the

cooperative work undertaken by the agent. The form recommende<l l)y the States

Relations Service is as follows, and may be atlapted to meet the needs of each State

and county:

Cooperative Extension Work

in

Agriculture and Home Economics,

State of [Maiaachusetta].

State Agricultural College,

U. S. Department of Agriculture Extension Service,

(other State or county organization) County Agent Work.

cooperating.

[Springfield, Mass.]

In this letterhea^I slight changes if approved by the department may l>e made
in the printed matter, but no change can be made in the general form of heading,
and no one of the cooperating parties should be given more prominence than others,
and the order indicated must be observed.

Do not use i)rivate letterheads or letterheads containing any advertising matter.
IjCtterheads of the agricultural college which do not shmv the cooperation of the
United States Department of Agriculture in the work and which have not lieon
approved by the department should not be used.

7. No private matter whatever should 1)0 included in any letter sent in penalty
enveloi)e8; the entire letter should relate exclusively to the business of the Unite<i
States for which the emjjloyee received his Fetleral api)ointment. Agents should
not use oflicial letterheads or envelopes for i)er8onal corresj)ondence even though
postage is affixed. Ivotters or circulars sent in penalty envelopes must not be signed
by any person excejjt the authorized agent of the Unite<I States Department of Agri-
culture, who niu.st affix his official title and'heachiuarters.

8. Printed inatter. — Penalty envelopes of the I'nited States Department of Agri-
culture may Ihj used l)y agents in distril)utiiig l)ullctin.'^ and circulars j)ul)lishe<l by
the United States Department of .\griculturc which they are uuthorizcil to di."<tribute.
PuUetins and <irculiirH pul)lish('d by any agricultural collcg*' or cxiu'riment station
may Ixj sent in L'nite«l States Department of Agriculture penalty en vcloj)e8 only in
cases where such publications contain valuable information on ixgriculture or homo
e<onomics which the agent of the department desires to furnish to i)articular persons
who have made in(|uiry of him for such information or to persons with whom the agent
is conducting some denionstration or other special work. Such bulletins or circulars
BO sent should bo accompanied by a letter sigmnl by the agent, with his ollicial title.

35

Penalty envelopes must not be used for general distribution of bulletins and circulars
of the colleges or stations or other organizations. Where miscellaneous requests for
bulletins of colleges or stations or other public institutions are received by agents in
their official capacity, such requests may be forwarded in a penalty envelope to the
proper authority for attention.

Newspapers, clippings, magazines, and other printed matter which contain articles
about the work of the agents may be transmitted to the supervising agents of the
department in penalty envelopes, but should be accompanied by a letter of transmittal
clearly showing that the printed matter is sent in for the purpose of advising the officer
to whom it is directed. No literature should be distributed in penalty envelopes
commending products of particular firms or individuals.

9. No matter containing commercial, religious, or political annoimcements or
advertisements should ever be sent in penalty envelopes, except in cases where a
request is made by an official of the department that the agent send in such pamphlets
or printed matter for official purposes.

10. No letters or printed matter soliciting fimds for the support of any association
or other organization should be sent in penalty envelopes.

11. All official circulars, bulletins, or reports issued by the agent which are to be
mailed in penalty envelopes must have had the subject matter and form ai)proved
by the State director of extension. On the front page must be clearly shown the
cooperation of the United States Department of Agriculture as set forth in the approved
form for letterheads, also the name and official title of the agent. No publication of a
county organization as such should be distributed in perialty envelopes. Correspond-
ence with autograph signature may be mailed sealed from any post office, but all other
matter should be presented unsealed and only at the post office designated for that
purpose.

For all other business and in all cases of doubt, do not use penalty envelopes, but
pay the postage. Resolve all questions of doubt against the right to use such envelopes
or submit for decision particular cases to the head of the oflice through which the
Federal appointment waa made.

86

FUNDS AVAILABLE TO THE STATES UNDER THE SMITH-LEVER ACT.

The following table shows the maximuin amounts of money which
the several States are eligible to receive from the Federal Govern-
ment under the Smith-Lever Act as calculated on the proportion which
the rural population of each State bears to the total rural poj)ida-
tion of the United States according to the census of 1910.

Maximum amounts of Federal funds which each Stale w eligihU to receive under the Smith-
Lever Act for cooperative agricultural extension vmrk.^

Btat«.

Alabama

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

MLssLssippi

Miss<iuri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire.

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina...

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklalioma

Oregon

Pennsylvania ....

Uhode Island

South Carolina...

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texius

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Wa.shington

West X'lrglnla...

\VLs<'onsin ,

Wyoming

Rural
papulation,
cen.sus 1910.

Total,, 49,348,883

767,662
141,094
371,708
907, 810
394, 184
114,917
105, 237
5.33,539
070,471
255,090
101,662
557,041
544,717
197,159
734,463
159,872
300,928
637, 154
241,049
,483,129
,225,414
,589,803
,894,518
242,0;J3
881,302

08,508
175,473
029,957
280,730
,928,120
,887,813
513,. H20
,101,978
,:{37,000
3(>5, 705
,034,442

17,950

,290,508

507,215

,743,744

1,958,438

200,417

187,013

jSK^OSCJ

530, 4tM)

992, 877

,329, MO

102,744

Proportion

oitotal

rural

population,

census 1910.

Per cent.

3. 5819696

.2859112

2. 77973 JO

1. 83957.56

. 7987099

.2328665

.2132510
1.0811572
4. 19.'i5782

.5181394
4.3803660
3. 1551097
3. 13019(a
2.4259090
3.5146956
2.3503511

. 7313803
1.2911214

.4884589
3.0053953
2.4831646
3. 2215582
3. 8390291

. 4916C.87
1.7859817

. 1388238

. 3.'>.')5704
1.27(i.W5

. 508S(iS2
3. 9071 198
3. 82.''H-122
1.0I119S8
4.2.W-.237
2.70<>2812

.7410W)3
6. 1489578

. 03038.58
2.0151919
1.0278145
3. 5.335025
5. 9«t i9442

.40<.1227

. 378<.M'.09
3.21UW37
1 . 0.S707l>.)
2.0119.M3
2.0941043

.2081992

Fiscal

year

1914-15.

99. 9999999

S10,000

10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10.000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,0(KI
10,000
lO.lKH)
10, (KM)
10, WM)
lO.tXH)
1(1, (MH)
10, (MM)
lO.(MM)
10, (HXJ
10,000
10, (KK)
10,000
10, (KM)
10,0(K)
10, (KK)
10, (MM)
10,(K)0
10,(M)0
10,000
10, WK)
10,000

Fiscal year
1915-10.

480,000

$31,491.82
11,715.47
2li,07S.41
21.037.45
14,792.(i2
11,397.20
11,279.51
10,486.94
35,173.47
1.3. 108. 84
30,282.20
28,931.02
28,781.18
24,. 555. 45
31,088.17
24,102.11
14,388.28
17, 740. 73
12,930.75
2.S,032.37
21,898.99
29,329.35
33,034.17
12,9.50.01
20, 715. 89
10,832.94
12,133.40
17 (k59.22
13,413.20
33,442.72
32,9:)2.0.5
16,247.19
35; .556. .M
20, 25.5. 69
14,440.30
40,89;J.75
10,218.31
2.5,091.15
10. 160. 89
31,201.01
45, !H)9. 07
12,43(5.74
12,273.77
2tt,271.96
10,522.40
22,071.73
20,104.99
11,249.20

Fiscal year
191(>-'l7.

1,080,000.00

FLscal years
1917-18,
1918-19,
1919-20.*
Add the
following
amounts to
tho.soof the
yesir im-
mediately
] (receding.

$49,401.07
13,145.a3
40,577.08
30,2:1.5.33
18,7S»>. 47
12, 561.. 53
12,345.76
21,892.73
56,151.36
15,699.54
58,184.03
44,706.87
44,432.16
36,685.00
48,661.65
35,853.87
18,015.18
24,202.34
15,373.04
43,059.35
37,314.81
45,437.14
52, 229. 32
15,408.35
29,(vt5.80
11,527.00
13,911.34
24,041.91
10,257.54
.52,978.32
52,079.80
21,453.18
56, ,8,5:}. 00

39. 802. 10
l.s, 151.00
77, 038. .5-1
10,400.24

38. 707. 1 1
21,3lV5.9».i
48, 808. 52
75,944.39
14,407.:«5
14,108.57
45,331.93
21,9.57.84
:«,131.50
;i9, o;»5. 81
12,290.20

1,580,000.00

$17,909.85

l,429.5(i

13, 898. 07

9, 197. 88

3,993.85

1,104.33

1,060.25

5,405.79

20,977.89

2,500.70

21,901.83

15,775.85

15,'V-0.98

12,129.55

r(,573.48

11,751.76

3,050.9r

6,45.5.61

2,442.29

1,5,02().98

12,41.5.82

10, 107. 79

19, l'.k5. 15

2,458.:M

8,9'29.91

094. 12

1,777.88

0,;i82.Ge

2,844.34

19, 53,5. (»

19,127.21

r>, 2«V.. '.«•

21,297 12

13, ,510.41

3,705.:W

30,744.79

181.93

13,075.90

5,i;W.07

17,607.51

29,974.73

2,aH).01

1.89^1.80

10,059.97

5,435.38

10,050.77

W. 470. 82

1,&I1.00

£00,000.00

1 Kaih State must duplicate idl Federal money above $1(),(MK) jyer yivvr.

« Alter 1920 theallolmonls are to be btt.sod on the roturiLS for rural [lopulatlon o

r ili<> l'ourt(H<nth Census.

37

INSTRUCTIONS FOR EXTENSION ACCOUNTING.

[Approved by the Director of the States Relations Service Mar. 27, 1916.)

Accounts and vouchers for all funds used in extension work under the Smith-
Lever Act should be regularly kept at the college in each State receiving the benefits
of this act, even if the original accounts and vouchers are kept in the office of the
State treasurer or other official. If the college keeps only duplicate vouchers, these
should bear evidence of their payment by reference to the warrant or otherwise.
Expenditures from both Federal and other funds which are included in the account
for any Federal fiscal year should be confined to those actually made in the mainte-
nance of the extension service during that year. Separate accounts for expenditures
of the Smith-Lever Federal fund and funds from within the State used to offset that
fund should be kept in accordance with the provisions of the financial schedules
prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture, and should be supported by vouchers
approved by the director of extension work.

From whatever source derived, funds which are used to offset Federal Smith-Lever
funds will be subject to the same limitations as regards the character of the expendi-
tures as the Federal Smith-Lever funds.

LOCAL ACCOUNTS.

Vouchers for expenditures from funds contributed to the State Smith-Lever funds
by counties, local organizations, or individuals should be approved by the director
of exten^on work, as well as by the county officer or other representative of the con-
tributing parties, and be paid by the county or other local treasurer, who should
file a certificate of payment with the director of extension work. Either the original
vouchers or duplicates should be on file at the college.

VOUCHERS.

The classification in accordance with the headings prescribed by the department
should be indicated on all vouchers or accompanying jackets. Every voucher should
further indicate the fund from which the expenditure is made and the project or
projects to which the expenditure relates.

SALARIES OR LABOR.

There should be a pay roll or an individual voucher which should indicate the period
for which the salary charge is made, the annual rate of salary, general description of
duties (grade or title), and should contain the personal signature of each individual
paid and the indorsement of the director of extension work. Separate pay rolls and
individual vouchers for labor and for salaries should be kept.

TRAVEL EXPENSES.

Vouchers for travel should give the purpose and dates for each trip and show an
itemized account of all railroad and boat fares, livery, bus, and street car expenses,
payments for subsistence, and miscellaneous items. The voucher should give refer-
ence to the authorization to travel and contain the personal signature of the individual
paid and the indorsement of the director. There should be vouchers showing the
purchase of mileage books and subvouchers showing how and when the mileage was
used. Expenses for supplies and other material should not be included in travel
accounts.

OTHER EXPENSES.

(Supplies and miscellaneous.)

There should be an itemized account of all supplies and miscellaneous articles
purchased, and the vouchers should indicate when the goods were received and the

38

date of payment, and shotild bear the signature of the i>ayee and indorsement of the
director. A detailed invoite should be filed whenever a voucher check is used.

ACCOUNTING, BY PROJECTS.

In the financial report a separate statement should be made for each project, and
this should show the amounts spent from each fund used in the project.

All expenses of a person regularly carrying on a definite type of extension work are
chargeable to the project covering that type of work and not to a project to which he
may be temporarily assigned. The vouchers should be classifiecl according to the
projects as actually approved by the department.

Project — General organization of extension work. — This project indicates the gen-
eral plan of organization and briefly outlines the projects which it is the intention to
put in effect during the fiscal year and the amounts of money from each source devoted
to the indi\'idual projects.

The expenditures for administration and for printing and distribution of publica-
tions should be kept separate in the accounts. "Administration " should include the
salary and expenses of the director, editors, and other persons employed in the central
office, but the salaries and expenses of State agents or State leaders of spe<ial lines
of work and the clerical force exclusively employed in such work should be charged
to the particular line of work in which they are engaged and not to adminLstration.
"Printing and distribution" will include the cost of envelopes, the salary of laborers,
and other expenses connected with the mailing and distribution of the publications.
Publications include all bulletins, reports, circulars, periodicals, etc.. hssued in
furtherance of the Smith-Lever Act. Cost of gathering material, etc., for publica-
tions should be charged against the project to which the publication applies. The
salary and expenses of the extension editor should be charged to " administration."

Project — County agents. — This should include all salaries and expenses of county
agents and supervising officers.

Project — Home economics or home demonstration vork. — Under this project should
be included all expenditures for general extension work in home economics.

Project — Movable schools and farmers' courses. — Under this project should be in-
cluded expenses for schools held in local communities, but it should not include the
salaries, for example, of county agents or home economics demonstrators temporarily
employed in such work. If specialists and other extension agents occasionally par-
ticipate in movable schools, their salaries should be charged atrainst the project to
which they give the major portion of their time, but other expenses incident to par-
ticijxition in the movable schools are proper charges against this project.

Project — Iinj/.<<' club vork. — If this work is carried on through a scptirate State leader
and district and county agents, there should be a separate account covering the expenses
of such agents.

Project — Girls' club rvork. — If this work is carried on through a sepjarate State leader
and district and county agents, there should be a separate ac(X)unt covering the
expenses of such agents.

Separate projects and accounts should be set up for each line of work requiring the
time of at least one person.

CLASSIFICATION OK EXTENSION ACCOUNTS.

The scheme for classification of extension accounts, by items of expense, provides
for 14 ledger headings, iw follows:

(1) Salaries, adnunistrative, technical, and clerical.

(2) Labor, regular and temj)orary, in conncctioii with extension work.

(3) Printing and distribuli/)ii of publications, priiiliiiir, illustnition, envelopes, and

personal services for mailing', etc.
(•1) Stationery and small printing, stationery for ollice and recnrd purposes, fornis^
index cards, etc.

39

(5) Postage, telegraph, telephone, freight, and express, including cartage, drayage,

or other charges for handling freight.

(6) Heat, light, water, and power.

(7) Supplies, to include only consumable supplies of chemicals, glassware, small

apparatus, and appliances.

(8) Library — books, periodicals, and binding, but not including equipment or

general supplies.

(9) Tools, machinery, and appliances, such as agricultural implements and machines,

canning outfits, trunks and cases for transporting exhibits, etc., motors, vehi-"
cles, harness, and small movable structures like animal cages, brooders, or
shelters; including repairs to same.

(10) Furniture and fixtures for offices and laboratories — desks, cases, typewriters,

office appliances, and household equipment.

(11) Scientific apparatus and specimens, including mounted insects, fungi, etc.

(12) Live stock, including rental of animals of all kinds for extension work, but not

their feeding and care.

(13) Traveling expenses in connection Avith extension work.

(14) Contingent expenses, to be itemized in detail.

The object has been to secure a clear and self-explanatory statement of extension
expenditures, with as large a degree of uniformity as practicable. In the majority of
cases the classification of individual entries is apparent, and no suggestion is needed.
In the case of a considerable number of items, however, questions have arisen from
time to time and considerable diversity of practice has been noted. The following
list has accordingly been prepared to serve as a guide in this matter, and while in no
sense complete it will often suggest the classification of other items not enumerated.

It is recognized that in several instances the classification suggested is a more or
less arbitrary one, and that the items might with propriety be placed under other
headings. Rarely would two persons classify an entire account exactly the same in
all particulars. These suggestions will, however, enable greater uniformity and thus
make the extension accounts more readily comparable when reviewed or tabulated
for publication.

Adding machine Furniture and fixtures.

Addressograph or other addressing machine Furniture and fixtures.

Addressograph supplies and stencils Stationery and small printing.

Auditing accounts Contingent expenses.

Balances for laboratory use Scientific apparatus and specimens.

Bees Live stock.

Board of employees temporarily in field Traveling expenses.

Board of horses or other stock Supplies.

Board of laborers, when part of wages Labor.

Breeding cages for insects and small animals Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Brooders Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Calculating and computing machines Furniture and fixtures.

Cameras Scientific apparatus and specimens.

Canning outfits Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Cans (pints and quarts) Supplies.

Carpets Furniture and fixtures.

Carriages, wagons, and similar conveyances Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Cartage Freight and express.

Cases for carrying slides Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Cooker (fireless) Furniture and fixtures.

Copying machines Furniture and fixtures.

Cuts, half tones, etc., for illustrating publica-
tions Printing and distribution of publica-
tions.

40

Drawings for illustrations Printing and distribution of publica-
tions.

Drayagc. Freiirht and express.

Duplicating maclune, mimeograph, etc Furniture and fi.xtures.

Egg containers Supplies.

Electric-light bulbs Furniture and fixtures.

Envelopes for mailing bulletins Printing and distribution of publiea-

tions.
Expense of sale of extension property <>r prod-
ucts Contingent expenses.

Fee in aid of graduate school is not a proper
charge against the Smith-Lever funds.

Flower pots .Supplies.

Folding and sealing machines Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Fungi, specimens Scicntifi'- apparatti.s ari<l i^pe.imens.

Fungicides Supplies.

Gas machine Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Gas mantles and shades Furniture and fixtures.

Gasoline for heating Heat, light, water, and power.

Gasoline for automobiles and motorcycles Traveling expenses.

Groceries for demonstrations Supplies.

Hardware, small sundries Supplies.

Harness Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Herbarium cases Furniture and fixtures.

Herbarium specimens Scientific apparatus and specimens.

Horse hire for work Labor.

Ice Supplias.

Hlustrations for publications Printing and distribution of publica-
tions^

Incubators for hatching chickens Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Insect boxes and cases Furnit ure and fixtures.

Insecticides Supplies.

Insects, mounted specimens Scientific apparatus and spocimena.

Interest paid on borrowed money not chargeable
to Smith-Lever funds.

Kerosene Heat, light, water, and power.

Kitchen apparatus Furniture and fixt ures.

Lenses for cameras or microscopes Scientific apjiaratus and specimens.

Library supplies Stationery and small printing.

Linoleum Furniture and fixtures.

Livery Traveling expenses.

Medicine Supplies.

Membership fee, when incurred to secure pro-
ceedings or periodical of a society Library.

Milking machine Tools, machinery, and a])i)liaiic.-s.

M altigraph Furnit >ir(> and fixtures.

Mimeograph : Furniture and (ixtun's.

Motor, movable (unless part of scientific appara-

tUH) Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Neostyle, etc Furniture and lixlvires.

Oil, lubricating Supplies.

Photographic sup])lies:

Camenus and lenses Scientific apparatus and si>e(iinen8.

Consumable supplies, such as (ilnis, ])lales,

paper, developers, etc Sup])liea.

41

Photographs of stock, field work, etc., when

purchased in finished form Supphea.

Platform scales for weighing animals, field

crops, etc Tools, machinery, and appliances;

not furniture and fixtures or scien-
tific apparatus and specimens.

Platinum ware Scientific apparatus and specimens.

Poultry Livestock.

Poultry buildings, portable Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Presto-Lite tank , Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Refrigerator - Furniture and fixtures.

Scales, ordinary, for weighing feed, small ani-
mals, and the like Tools, machinery, and appliances;

' not scientific apparatus.

Sewing machines Furniture and fixtures.

Shoeinghorses -- Supplies; not live stock.

Spraying apparatus Tools, machinery, and apphances.

Sprajdng materials Supplies.

Sterilizing outfit for dairy Tools, machinery, and appliances;

not scientific apparatus.

Stoves, gasoline, etc Furniture and fixtures.

Teaming, when in nature of cartage or express- Postage, telegraph,telephone, freight,

g^gg _"_' and express.

Testtubes Supplies.

Testino' outfit Scientific apparatus and specimens.

Trunks for carrying extension exhibits, etc Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Typewriter Furniture and fixtures.

Typewriter supplies Stationery and small printing.

Wa<^ons - Tools, machinery, and appliances.

Water re^ster Scientific apparatus and specimens.

Window Screens and doors Furniture and fixtures.

42
STATES RELATIONS SERVICE.

ORGANIZATION.

[Extract from the memorandum (No. 140) of the Secretary of Agriculture providing for the organization

of the States Relations Sen'ice.J

In accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress of March 4, 1915, making
appropriations for the Department of Agriculture, I hereby establish a States Relations
Service in this department, which shall represent the Secretary of Agriculture in his
relations with the State agricultural colleges and experiment stations under the
acts of Congress of July 2, 1862, August 30, 1890, March 2, 1887, March 16, 1906, May 8,
1914, and acts supplementary thereto, and in carrying out the provisions of acts of
Congress making appropriations to this department for farmers' cooperative demon-
stration work, investigations relating to agricultural schools, farmers' institutes, the
relative utility and economy of agricultural products used for food, clothing, and other
uses in the home, and the maintenance of agricultural experiment stations in Alaska,
Hawaii, Porto Rico, and Guam, and in such other matters as the Secretary of Agri-
culture shall designate from time to time.

The States Relations Service shall include the following offices: (1) The office of the
director of the service, which shall include those officers and employees engaged in
the general work and administration of the service; (2) the Office of Experiment
Stations, including the work of the service relating to agricultural experiment station.-^;
(3) the Office of Extension Work in the South, including the farmers' cooperative
demonstration work and the Smith-Lever agricultural extension work in 15 Southern
States; (4) the Office of Extension Work in the North and West, including the farmers*
cooperative demonstration work and the Smith-Lever agricultural exteasiun work
in 33 Northern and Western States; and (5) the Office of Home Economics, including
investigations relative to foods, clothing, and hou.sehold equipment and management.

The work of the service relating to agricultural instruction and to farmers' insti-
tutes and similar organizations shall be under the immediate direction of the director,
and the work relating to farmers' institutes and similar organizations shall be carried on
in close cooperation with the offices of extension work.

The States Relations Service will take under consideration matters relating to all
the extension work carried on by the several bureaus and offices of the department
and those connected with the administration of the Smith-Lever Extension Act,
All plans for demonstration and extension work originating in any bureau or in any
State should first be submitted to the States Relations Service, which will make
recommendations regarding them to the Secretary. Approved plans for demonstration
and extension work by any bureau should not be put into operation in any State until
they have been brought to the attention of the Director of the Stat<^ llolations Service
and an opportunity has been given for arranging with tlm extension directors of tho
agricultural colleges regarding the (*xe<ution of these plans in tho States concerned.

This order became effective July 1, 1915.

WORK.

(Provisions in acts making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture]
ADMINISTRATION OF THE HATCH, ADAMS, AND SMrTH-LKVER ACTS.

To enable tho Secretary of Agriculture to enforce the provisions of the above acts
[Hatch and Adams] and the act approved May eighth, niiutocn hundnni and four-
teen entitled "An act to jm)vide for cooperative agricultural «'xtension work between
tho agricultural colleges in the several States nn-civiiig the iKMiefits of an act of Con-
gress approved July second, eighteen huiidrt'd and sixty-two, and of acts supplementary

43

thereto, and the United States Department of Agriculfiire/' relative to their adminis-
tration, including the employment of clerks, assistants, and other persons in the city
of Washington and elsewhere, freight and express charges, official traveling expenses,
office fixtm-es, supplies, apparatus, telegraph and telephone service, gas, electric
current, and rent outside of the District of Columbia, $58,500; and the Secretary of
Agriculture shall prescribe the form of the annual financial statement required under
the above acts, ascertain whether the expenditures are in accordance with their pro-
visions, coordinate the work of the Department of Agriculture with that of the State
agricultural colleges and experiment stations in the lines authorized in said acts, and
make report thereon to Congress.

STATIONS IN ALASKA, HAWAII, PORTO RICO, AND GUAM.

To enable the Secretary of Agriculture to establish and maintain agricultural
experiment stations in Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and the island of Guam, including
the erection of buildings, the preparation, illustration, and distribution of reports and
bulletins, and all other necessary expenses, $143,000, as follows: Alaska, $48,000;
Hawaii, $40,000; Porto Rico, $40,000; and Guam, $15,000; and the Secretary of
Agriculture is authorized to sell such products as are obtained on the land belonging
to the agricultural experiment stations in Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and the island
of Guam: Provided, That of the sum herein appropriated for the experiment station in
Hawaii $5,000 may be used in agricultural extension work in Hawaii.

INVESTIGATIONS IN HOME ECONOMICS.

To enable the Secretary of Agriculture to investigate the relative utility and
economy of agricultm-al products for food, clothing, and other uses in the home, with
special suggestions of plans and methods for the more effective utilization of such
products for these purposes, with the cooperation of other bureaus of the department,
and to disseminate useful information on this subject, including the employment of
labor in the city of Washington and elsewhere, supplies, and all other necessary
expenses, $24,220.

farmers' cooperative DEMONSTRATION WORK.

For farmers' cooperative demonstration work outside of the cotton belt, including
the employment of labor in the city of Washington and elsewhere, supplies, and all
other necessary expenses, $478,240;

For farmers' cooperative demonstrations and for the study and demonstration of
the best methods of meeting the ravages of the cotton-boll weevil, including the
employment of labor in the city of Washington and elsewhere, supplies, and all other
necessary expenses, $661,300: Provided, That the expense of such service shall be
defrayed from this appropriation and such cooperative funds as may be voluntarily
contributed by State, county, and municipal agencies, associations of farmers, and
individual farmers, universities, colleges, boards of trade, chambers of commerce,
other local associations of business men, business organizations, and individuals
within the State.

farmers' INSTITUTES AND AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION.

To enable the Secretary of Agriculture to investigate and report upon the organi-
zation and progress of farm^s' institutes and agricultural schools in the several States
and Territories, and upon similar organizations in foreign countries, with special
suggestions of plans and methods for making such organizations more effective for the
dissemination of the results of the work of the Department of Agriculture and the
agricultural experiment stations, and of improved methods of agricultural practice,
including the emplo5Tnent of labor in the city of Washington and elsewhere, and all
other necessary expenses, $20,600 (38 Stat. L., 1086, 1109).

44

CARD IJJDF.X OF 8TATIOK LITERATURE.

And the Secretary of Agriculture hereafter may furnish to such im^titutions or
individuals a." may care to buy them copies of the card index of agricultural literature
prepared by the Department of Agriculture in connection with its administration of
the acts of March second, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven (Twenty-fourth Statutes
at Large, page four hundred and forty), and the act of March sixteimth, nineteen
hundred and six (Thirty-fourth Statutes at Large, page sixty-three), and the acta
amendatory of and supplementary thereto, and charge for the same a price covering the
additional expenses involved in the preparation of these copies, the money received
from such sales to be deposited in the Treasury of the United States as nii.-rellaneoua
receipts (38 Stat. L., 1086, 1109).

ANNUAL REPORT ON WORK AND EXPENDITURES UNDER THE HATCH, ADAMS, AND

SMITH-LEVER ACTS.

That hereafter there be prepared by the Department of Agriculture an annual
report on the work and expenditures of the agricultural exjjeriinent station.-^ estab-
lished under the act of Congress of March second, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven
(Twenty-fourth Statutes at Large, page four hundred and forty), on the work and
expenditures of the Department of Agriculture in connection therewith, and on the
cooperative agricultural extension work and expenditures of the Department of
Agriculture and of agricultural colleges under the act of !May eighth, nineteen hundred
and fourteen, entitled "An act to provide for cooperative agricultural exti-nsion work
between the agricultural colleges in the several States rweiving the benefit.-* of an
act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and of acta
supplementary thereto, and the United States Department of Agriculture"; and
that there be printed annually eight thousand copies of said report, of which one
thousand copies shall be for the use of the Senate, two thousand copies for the use
of the Ilouse of Representatives, and five thou.sand copies for the use of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture (38 Stat. L., 1086, 1110).

WAKUINOTON : OOVKRNMKNT I'KINTINi; oFFIl'IC : 1010

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