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BRITISH AND EXOTIC.

VOrRUME VI.

CONTAINING

ONOCLEA.
PAD Y ENT A.
CVYCEOP EL TIS.
DIDYMOCHLAENA.
ASPIDIUM, In Part.

BY

i. J. LOWE, ESQ, F.R.A.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., M.B.MS.,

Hon. Mem. Dublin Nat. Hist. Soc., Mem. Geolog. Soc. Edinb.,
Corr. Mem. Lyceum Nat. Hist., New York, Corr. Mem. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc., etc.

LONDON:

GROOMBRIDGE AND SONS, 5, PATERNOSTER ROW.
M DCCC LVII.

TO HIS GRACE

HENRY PELHAM-FTENNES-PELHAM CLINTON, K.G., P.C.,

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE,

~LORD-LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM,
A NOBLEMAN UNIVERSALLY BELOVED

FOR HIS PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WORTH,

THE

“NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH AND EXOTIC FERNS”

IS WITH PERMISSION DEDICATED

BY HIS GRACE’S MOST OBEDIENT SERVANT

THE AD THOR.

CONTENTS

Plate. Page.
Onoclea sensibilis VA
Fadyenia prolifera um 18
Cyclopeltis semicordata it 15
Didymochlena truncatula .iv 19
Aspidium acrostichoides x) Dy
- aculeatum . xvi1 49
acuminatum x Se
angulare Xxili, xxiv 67
articulatum . xlix 125
augescens . pear.
Canariense a Shan, Ea:
capense 2 xl 107
cicutarium xy: £17
coadunatum 1 127
coniifolium xxxix 105
corlaceum . Xxxvi 99
cristatum xx 659
decompositum Xxxill 95
decurrens : v 25
dilatatum . xxvil 77
elongatum xxvi 75
faleatum tras
falcinellum vii 29
filix-mas xill, xiv 41

OP WVOE. VI:

Plate. Page.
frondcsum 7 au LS
glabellum . Xxxil_ 93
Goldianum Xxvill 83
Hookeri xlviii 123
lonchitis o Sexe) GS
macrophyllum xlvi 119
marginale vi 27
molle . «| exe, SF
mucronatum . xxxiB 9}
oreopteris . xyVu 5S
podophyllum xxxiv, xxxv 97
proliferum ma 39
pteroides xliv 115
pubescens xxv 73
pumilum hued Sate
pungens . ; vil 31
rigidum : oy eaeexth Ges
spinulosum St. . xii 109
thelypteroides . xxxia 89
thelypteris . « ° XVIL) 9bd
trifoliatum : xxix 85
unitum xlvii 121
vestitum xxxvil 103
villosum xxxvii 101

a

aii
ae

ERRATA IN VOL. VI.

Page 53, for Polypodium thlypteris, read Polypodium thelypteris.
Page 63, for Polypodium heliopteris, read Polypodium heleopteris.
Page 89, for Polypodium pumillum, read Polypodium pumilum.

FERNS;

BRIvish AND. EX OLE.

ASPIDIEA.. J. Smrru.

In many instances the only difference between Polypodice
and Aspidiee is confined to the former having no indusium,
whilst the latter is furnished with an indusium; this, however,
is sometimes very small, and at others so soon detached from
the sori, that fronds must be examined, the one with a micro-
scope and the other at an early stage, in order that the aoe
from Polypodiee may be detected.

Mr. Smith remarks that there are above two hundred described
species of Aspidiee.

Aspidiee is distinguished from <Aspleniee mostly by having
circular instead of lateral sori, and when the sori is lateral it
is attached across the venule, instead of longitudinally in the
direction of the venules as in Aspleniee.

Sori circular, with one or two exceptions, where oblong. It
is intramarginal, and has a special zmdusvwm, which is either
orbicular, produced from the centre, (central,) or reniform or
cucullate, produced from the interior side of the sporangiferous
receptacle, (lateral,) or occasionally attached all round the

VOE.. VI. B

Q ASPIDIEZ.

receptacle, and including the sporangia, (calyciform.)

Mostly moderate-sized Ferns.

Mr. Smith, in his Catalogue of the Ferns of Kew, divides
the cultivated species into the following families:—

1.—Hypoderris, one species.
2.—Aspidium, seven species.
3.—Onoclea, one species.
4.—Cyclodium, one species.
5.—Fadyenia, one species.
6.—Nephrodium, seven species.
7.— Woodsia, four species.
8.—Cystopteris, five species.
9.—Lastrea, twenty-nine species.

10.—Polystichum, fourteen species.

11.— Cyclopeltis, one species.

12.— Nephrolepis, seven species.

13.—Didymochlena, one species.

14.— Arthropteris, two species.

15.—Oleandra, two species.

Kunze, in his “Index Filicum,” collects most of the above
under the head Aspediwm, preferring to give them in sections;
he only recognises Nephrodium, Lastrea, Polystichum, Bathmium,
and Sagema as groups in Aspidium, whilst Cyclopeltis, Fadyenia,
Nephrolepis, Oleandra, Cystopteris, Didymochlena, etc., he sepa-
rates from Aspidium, yet his Catalogue of the tribe Asprdium
numbers above one hundred species.

Moore and Houlston, in their ‘Genera and Species of Culti-
vated Ferns,” divide Aspidiee as follows:—

1.—Hypoderris, one species.
2.—Aspidium, two species.
3.—Sagenia, four species.
4.—Onoclea, one species.
5.—Cyrtomium, one species.
6.—Fadyenia, one species.
7.—Nephrodium, six species.
8.— Woodsia, four species.
9.—Cystopteris, seven species.

10.—Lastrea, thirty-one species.

11.—Polystichum, fifteen species.

12.— Cyclopeltis, one species.

2)

ASPIDIER. 3

13.—Didymochlena, one species.

14.—Nephrolepis, seven species.

15.— Oleandra, two species.

Fee, in his “Genres de la famille des Polypodiacées,” enu-
merates many more species. He does not place them all under
Aspidiee, but groups them under three heads, Cyclodiee,
Aspidiee, and Nephrolepidee.

Ist. In Cyclodiee he arranges the following :—

1.—Polystichum, forty-six species.
2.—Phanerophlebia, two species.
3.—Hemicardion, four species.
4.—Amblia, one species.
5.—Cyclodium, three species.
6.—Cyrtomium, two species.
7.—Podopeltis, one species.
8.—Bathmium, ten species.

2nd. In Aspidiew the following :—

1.—Aspidium, about seventy species.
2.—Cystopteris, fourteen species.
3.—Lepidonevron, twelve species.
4.—Dichasvum, two species.
5.—Oleandra, twelve species.
6.—Nephrodium, about forty species.
7.—Haplodictyon, two species.
8.—Abacopteris, five species.
9.—Pleocnemia, three species.

10.—Sagenia, seven species.

11.—Phlebiogonium, one species.

12.—Cardiochlena, eleven species.

13.—Fadyenia, one species.

3rd. In Nephrolepidee the following :—

1.—WNephrolepis, seven species.
2.—Pteronevron, one species.
3.—Saccoloma, three species.
4.—Pachypleuria, five species.
5.—Humata, two species.

Thus Fee enumerates above two hundred and fifty species,
yet many of these have not hitherto been cultivated in this
country, and others are placed by different authorities in other
families.

4 ASPIDIER.

Presl, in his “Tantamen Pteridographie,” places under Aspr-
diacee the following :—
1.—Lastrea seventy-seven species.
2.—Oleandra, four species.
3.—Nephrolepis, twenty-four species.
4.—Nephrodium, twenty-four species.
5.—Polystichum, fifty species.
6.—Phanerophlebia, one species.
7.—Cyclodium, three species.
8.—Cyrtomium, two species.
9.—Sagenia, six species.
10.—Aspidium, eleven species.
11.—Didymochlena, one species.
In all about two hundred species.

ONOCLEA. 3]

GENUS LI.

ONOCLEA. Linnzwvs.

Barren and fertile fronds different. The fertile fronds being
contracted, the segments rugose, sessile, bacciform, somewhat
oblong; margin conniving, fimbriate, and membranous, forming
a universal indusium.

Sori circular, confluent; each segment consisting of from four
to eight. Spore-cases medial, with concrete pedicels. Special
indusium very membranous, lateral and cucullate. Fronds pin-
nate and bipinnate; length from one to two feet.

Rhizoma creeping.

Fertile veins simple, direct, and free. Sterile veins reticulated.

The pinnules of the fertile fronds roll up so as to completely
hide the sori.

Two species alone are deseribed, and only one is in cultivation,
although both have been said to be introduced.

The name is derived from the Greek, and refers to the
manner of the folding-up of the fertile segments.

Tortion of Pinna of barren Frond.

ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS.

Linnzus. SmitH. Moore AND Houston. KUNZE.
Link. -‘Scukuur. Kautruss. Presi. Free. SPRENGEL.

PLATE 1.7 VOL. Vi.

Onoclea obtusiloba, Link.

6

obtusilobata, SCHKUHR.
Rhagiopteris obtusiloba,

Onoclea—To close a vessel; (from the Greek.) - Sensibilis—Sensitive.

A NOBLE species long known to Fern growers, and a very
desirable addition to our hardy fernery, being exceedingly
distinct from all others. Michaux, Sprengel, and other botanists,
have described two species, the second under the name of
Onoclea obtusiloba. It seems doubtful whether there are really
two species, situation probably causing the difference in the
size and form of the frond. ‘The specimens which I have seen
as O. obtusiloba, have all eventually put on the characters of
O. sensibilis, when grown side by side.

A hardy deciduous species.

8 ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS.

Native of North America, Florida, and the variety O. obtuszloba
in Pennsylvania.

Was known in England as early as 1699, and at Kew in
1793.

Barren and fertile fronds different. —

Barren fronds triangular in form, glabrous, pinnate; the pinne
oblong-lanceolate in form, sinuately pinnatifid, the superior ones
being decurrent at the base. Segments oblong-obtuse; margin
entire.

Fertile frond contracted, not quite as long as the barren frond,
bipinnate; pinnules rugose; sessile consisting of from twelve to
twenty on each pinna. The contractions of the segments form
a unilateral raceme, oblong, ovate, and bacciform, concealing the
sorl.

Fronds lateral, adherent to a creeping rhizoma. Length from
one to two feet; colour pale green.

Veins of fertile frond simple, direct, and free; in the barren
frond reticulated.

For plants of this species I am indebted to Sir Oswald Mosley,
Bart., of Rolleston Hall.

It may be procured of Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting; Sim,
of Foot’s Cray; Kennedy, of Covent Garden; Masters, of Can-
terbury; Veitch, Jun., of Chelsea; A. Henderson, of Pine-apple
Place; Cutbush, of Highgate; Young, of Taunton; Bass and
Brown, Sudbury; Stansfield, of Todmorden; and Cooling, of
Derby.

The illustrations are barren and fertile fronds, from a plant
in my own collection.

FADYENIA. 9

GENUS IL.

FADYENIA. Hooker.

Barren and fertile fronds different.

Fertile fronds contracted; both simple.

Veins forked; venules anastomosing and reticulate.

Sori oblong-reniform, transversely uniserial; formed on the
upper portion of a veinlet in the costal areoles.

Indusium exceedingly large, lateral and oblong-reniform.

A solitary species, of dwarf habit.

The name is in reference to the late Dr. M’ Fadyen.

VOL, VI. C

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Fertile Frond—under side.

FADYENIA PROLIFERA.

SmitH. Moore AND HOULSTON.
Kunze. FEE.

Hooker. BAveERr.

PLATE II. VOL. VI.

Aspidium proliferum, HookerR AND GREVILLE, no/
Brown or Kavtruss.

SWARTZ.

Asplenium proliferum,
PRESL.

Polystichum (2?) Grevillianum,

Fadyenia—Of Fadyen. Prolifera—Proliterous.

12 FADYENIA PROLIFERA.

A More singular than beautiful Fern, requiring moisture and
shade to grow it successfully. It is a difficult species to manage,
although when it does flourish it spreads itself in all direc-
tions, from the rooting of the proliferous apices of the barren
fronds.

A stove evergreen species.

Native of Jamaica and the Island of Cuba.

It was introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in the year
1843, having been sent there by Mr. W. Purdie.

Fertile frond simple, glabrous, upright, lanceolate in form,
narrowing towards the base; apex broad and rounded.

Barren frond horizontal, oblong-ovate, elongate, tapering to
the apex, where it is proliferous.

Fronds terminal, adherent to a small tufted rhizoma.

Sori large, reniform, near the apex imbricate.

Indusium hairy; margin somewhat dentate.

Length of barren frond five inches, fertile frond four inches;
colour dull green.

For plants my thanks are due to Mr. J. Henderson, of
Wentworth; and to Messrs. Booth, of Hamburg.

Plants may be procured of Messrs. Sim, of Foot’s Cray;
Rollisson, of Tooting; Kennedy, of Covent Garden; Masters,
of Canterbury; Booth, of Hamburg; Veitch, Jun., of Chelsea;
Stansfield, of Todmorden; Cutbush, of Highgate; and A. Hen-
derson, of Pine-apple Place.

The illustration is from fronds forwarded oh Mr. J. Henderson,
of Wentworth.

CYCLOPELTIS. 13

GENUS IIL.

CYCEOPELEDS: J. Smura.

Fronpbs pinnate, glabrous, and articulated with the rachis.

Veins dichotomously branched; venules direct, free, the
anterior and exterior one of each fascicle soriferous.

Sori circular, biserial, medial or terminal.

Indusium orbicular and peltate.

A solitary species.

The name, derived from the Greek, has reference to the
indusium, and means a small round buckler.

A tropical Fern.

Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

CYCLOPELTIS SEMICORDATA.

J. SMITH. Moore and Houston. Kunze.

PLATE, TEE VOL. Vi.

Aspidium semicordatum, SwagTz. Prumier. SPRENGEL.
Lastrea semicordata, PRESL.

Phanerophlebia Nephrolepis, Fre.

Polypodium caducum, HumMpBo tpt. (?)

Cyclopeltis—A small round buckler. Semicordata—Semicordate.

AN interesting yet uncommon cultivated species, only to be
met with in large collections.

An evergreen stove Fern.

Native of the American Meridian, the West Indies, Mexico,
Jamaica, and the Philippine Islands.

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1844, having
been received from Mr. N. Wilson.

Fronds lanceolate, pinnate, the pinne being glabrous, falcate-
lanceolate, sessile; from four to five inches in length; irregularly
auriculate at the base, and articulated with the rachis.

Fronds terminal, adherent to a short, stout, somewhat tufted
rhizoma, which is scaly.

Rachis pubescent.

Sori circular, medial, biserial. Indusium peltate.

Length of frond from two to three feet; colour bright shining
green.

16 CYCLOPELTIS SEMICORDATA.

For a plant of this species I am indebted to Mr. J. Henderson,
of Wentworth.

It is not in any of the Nurserymen’s Catalogues.

The illustration is from a portion of a frond forwarded by
Mr. Henderson, of Wentworth.

DIDYMOCHLMENA. 17

GENUS LV.

DIDYMOCHLANA. Desvavx.

Fronps bipinnate. Caudex erect and arborescent, attaining a
height of above two feet, and bearing from its crown large
fronds, from three to five feet in length.

Veins forked and radiating; venules direct, free, the exterior
one fertile.

Sori elliptical, uniserial, and situated on the apex of a venule.

Indusium oblong, attached along the centre longitudinally.

A solitary Exotic species.

Named from the Greek, in reference to the indusium being

double.

VOL. VI. D

Portion of mature Frond—under side.

DIDYMOCHLANA TRUNCATULA.

J. Smita. Moore ann Hovunston. Scuort, M.S.

BLAGE, LY... VOR. VE.

Didymochlena sinuosa, Desvaux. Kattruss. SprenGEL. Linx.
- « Prest. Fer. Martens. Scuort, M.S.
si squamata, DeEsvavx.

A pulcherrima, Or GaRDENs.
‘a lunulata, Desvaux. Kunze.
Aspidium truncatulum, SwaRtiz.
i squamatum, WILLDENOW.
a cultratum, PRESL.
= pulcherrimum, Or GARDENS.
s squamosum, WILLDENOW.
se truncatum, WILLDENOW.
i lunulatum, Hovuttuyn.
Adiantum lunulatum, Hovrtvyrn, (not of BurMAaNN, SPRENGEL,

WIittpEeNow, Prest, Swartz, Moore
& Hovutston, Hooxer & GREVILLE,
WattiicH, Fer, Rerzivs, 07 RHEED.)

= Sruticosum, ARRAB.
Asplenium ramosum, Potret.
Tegularia adiantifolia, REINWAERDT.
Diplazium pulcherrimum, Rapp.
Didymochlena—A double cloak. Truncatula—............ P

A cHARMING Exotic species, with somewhat pendulous, hand-
some, dark green fronds.

An evergreen stove Fern.

Native of Asia, tropics of America, South America, West

20 DIDYMOCHLAENA TRUNCATULA.

Indies, Brazil, Malayan Islands, Hispaniola, the Island of St.
Domingo, Java, and the Philippine Islands.

Received into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1838, from Messrs.
Loddiges, of Hackney.

Fronds bipinnate, broadly lanceolate; the pinne being linear-
lanceolate, eight to ten inches long, sessile; pinnules sub-rhom-
boidal, oblong-obtuse, coriaceous, imbricate, truncate-dimidiate
at the base; margin slightly crenulate; articulate with the rachis.

Stipes, rachis, and midrib of pinne densely clothed with
ferruginous tomentum and long, narrow, brown scales.

Fronds terminal, adherent to an arborescent caudex.

Veins forked, radiating; venules direct, free, the exterior one
being fertile.

Sori elliptical, uniserial, placed on the apex of a venule.
Indusium oblong, longitudinally attached along the centre.

Length of frond from three to five feet; colour rich bright
dark green.

Didymochlena sinuosa of Schott has been placed with the
present species, still, if only a variety, it is very distinct, the pin-
nules are usually only half the size of D. truncatula, making the
branches seem farther apart; indeed in D. truncatula the pinnules
of the one branch touch those of the next, whilst in D. senuosa
they are from half an inch to an inch apart. Then in D. trun-
catula the pinnules are arranged almost at right angles to the
branches, whilst in D. simuosa they are at an angle of from
20° to 45°. In D. truncatula the terminal pinnule is elongated
and deeply cut, whilst in D. senwosa it is not so much elongated,
usually not cut, and more nearly resembles the character of
the other pinnules. I fear these characters will not prove constant
in cultivation. .

For plants of D. truncatula I am indebted to M. Schott,
Director of the Imperial Gardens of Schonbriinn, near Vienna;
and to Messrs. E. G. Henderson, of the Wellington Nursery,
St. John’s Wood.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Rol-
lisson, of Tooting; Veitch, Jun., of Chelsea; EK. G. Henderson,
of St. John’s Wood; A. Henderson, of Pine-apple Place; Booth,
of Hamburg; W. Cutbush and Sons, of Highgate; Kennedy, of
Covent Garden; and Cooling, of Derby.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

ASPIDIUM. 21

GENUS V.

ASP ID LU M.

THE distinctive differences between the several divisions may
be briefly given as follows:—

ASPIDIUM. Swartz.

VEINS costeform; venules compoundly anastomosing, from the
sides of which free veinlets extend, which end within the
areoles. |

Sporangia formed on the angles or points of confluence of
the veinlets.

Sori circular, in a row on either side of the veins or primary
anastomosing venules.

Indusium mostly orbicular and central, although instances
occur with it reniform.

Fronds simple, lobed, pinnate, or bipinnate; margin entire,
sinuated, or laciniated.

SAGENIA. PrEst.

Veins forked; venules acutely and angularly anastomosing,
forming unequal areoles.

Sporangia situated on the angles or points of confluence of
the veinlets, or on the apex of a free veinlet.

Sori circular, in a row on either side of the ultimate midrib,
or irregular.

Indusium orbicular or reniform.

Fronds pinnate or bipinnate; pinne lobed or sinuously-
pinnatifid.

Distinguished from Aspedium by the absence of the irregular
free veinlets.

CYRTOMIUM. | Prusr.

VEINS pinnate; the lower exterior venule free and fertile,

a0 ASPIDIUM.

the others anastomosing angularly, and forming on their exterior
sides or angular junctions excurrent fertile free veinlets.

Sporangia medial.

Sori circular, transversely-multiserial, abundant.

Indusium orbicular, central.

Fronds pinnate.

Distinguished from Polystichum in the anastomosing venules.
Habit and texture very similar to Polystichum.

The venation of Cyrtomium and the position of its sori is
nearly similar to the sections Gontophlebium and Cyrtophlebium
in Polypodium. Distinguished by having an indusium.

NEPHRODIUM. Scuorrt.

VEINS pinnate, costeform, the lowest pair or pairs of venules
fertile, and angularly anastomosing; their points of meeting
combined by an excurrent anastomosing sterile veinlet.

Sporangia medial.

Sori circular, a row on either side of the veins.

Indusium mostly reniform, rarely orbicular.

Fronds simple or pinnate; pinne entire, serrate, or sinuously-
pinnatifid.

Distinguished by the anastomosing venules.

Nephrodium in venation is similar to the section G'onzopteris
in Polypodium, and only distinguished by having an indusium.

LASTREA. Bory.

VEINS pinnate, forked, or costeform; venules direct and free.

Sporangia medial or terminal.

Sori circular.

Indusium lateral, reniform, smooth, or pilose.

Fronds varying from pinnate to decompound.

Only distinguished from the true form of Polypodium by the
presence of an indusium, being similar in habit and venation.
Those with bipinnatifid fronds only distinguishable from
Nephrodium by not having anastomosing venules.

POLYSTICHUM. Rorz.

VEINS pinnately-forked; venules direct and free, the lower
exterior one or more, fertile.

ASPIDIUM. 23

Sporangia usually medial, rarely terminal.

Sori circular.

Indusium orbicular and central, seldom eccentric and reniform.

Fronds simple, pinnate, or bi-tripinnate; the serrate edges
of the frond rigidly spinulose.

Distinguished from Lastrea by the rigid spinulose habit.

Aspidium, Sagenia, Cyrtomium, Nephrodium, Lastrea, and
Polystichum run into each other so closely, that it seems
advisable to follow Kunze in calling them mere sections of
one genus. Were I to separate any of them, it would be
done with regard to the habit of the plant alone, and in this
case I would place Cyrtomiwm among the Polystichums. In
the most restricted form of Aspidium the habit and general
appearance is also distinct from Lastrea, still I have adopted
the views of Kunze and retained it.

Onochlea, with its two forms of fronds; Fadyenia, with its
two forms of fronds and proliferous habit; Woodsia, a group
of small slender Ferns, with peculiar indusium. ‘The genus
Cystopteris, another group of small delicate Ferns; Dzdymoch-
lena, with its several very distinct characters, hereafter to be
mentioned; Nephrolepis, with its distinct habit, and having the
petiole articulated with the rachis, giving it a power of throwing
off its pinne freely; and Oleandra; are allto me sufiiciently
distinct to keep them separated from the genus Aspidiwm.

We have British examples of both Lastrea and. Polystichum.

In Lastrea we have:—

Cristata Oreopteris Thelypteris
Filix-mas Rigida Multiflora
Recurva Spinulosa Dilatata

In Polystichum we have:—

Aculeatum Angulare Lonchitis

Aspidium filiz-mas, A. aculeatum, and A. angulare vary so
much from spores, that it is difficult to recognize the departure
from the normal form as mere varieties; however these will be
more closely spoken of when describing the species.

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Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM DECURRENS.

LOWE.

PLATE: N- ) VOL: Vi.

Aspidium decursive-pinnatum, KUNZE.

Lastrea decurrens, J. SmitH. Moorz & Hovtston.
“« decursive-pinnata, OF GARDENS.

Polypodium decursive-pinnatum, OF GARDENS.

Phegopteris se os FEE.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Decurrens—Decurrent.

In THE SEcTION LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

A PRETTY, rather dwarf, upright-growing Fern.

Mostly considered greenhouse or half-hardy, and deciduous.
Plants exposed to last winter’s frost have not been injured; it
may therefore be said to be hardy.

Native of China.

Received at the Royal Gardens, Kew, from Mr. D. Cameron,
in the year 1841.

Fronds lanceolate in shape, pinnate, pinne sessile, pinnatifid,
decurrent and lobed, forming a sinuous wing to the rachis;
lower ones entire and diminutive. Terminal, adherent to a
decumbent slightly-tufted rhizoma.

Sori terminal, or subterminal; indusium small, and speedily
becoming obsolete.

Stipes and rachis paleaceous.
VOL. VI. E

26 ASPIDIUM DECURRENS.

Equally well known in gardens as Lastrea decurrens, and as
LI. decursive-pinnata.

Length of frond twelve to fifteen inches; colour pale green.

The scales of this Fern are interesting as microscopic objects;
they are surrounded with spines having a knob at the apex,
and are pellucid.

For plants of this Fern I am indebted to Mr. Henderson, of
Wentworth; Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting; and Masters, of Can-
terbury; and for fronds to Mr. Norman, of Hull, and Messrs.
A. Henderson, of Pine-apple Place.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Sim, of Foot’s Cray;
Kennedy, of Covent Garden; Masters, of Canterbury; Veitch,
Jun., of Chelsea; Stansfield, of ‘Todmorden; Cooling, of Derby;

* Cutbush, of Highgate; and Young, of Taunton.
The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

TSM ea RAD OHI IME SIGN IN ht

7 rotate:

Pinna of mature Frond—upper side.

ASPIDIUM MARGINALE.

Swartz. Kunze. Link. WILLDENOW. SPRENGEL. FEE.

PEATE Viz VOL. VE-

Lastrea marginalis, Prest. Moorrt & Hovtston. SMITH.
Nephrodium marginale, Micwavx.
Polypodium = LINNEUS.

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Marginalis. Margin—Spored.

In THE SEcTION LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

AN attractive Fern, with sori arranged along the edge of the

frond, covered with a pure white indusium.

A deciduous hardy Fern.

Native of North America, Canada, and Carolina.

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1772.

Fronds lanceolate, bipinnate, pinne oblong-acuminate in form,
pinnules oblong-ovate, obtuse, crenate on the edge, and largest
nearest the rachis. Fronds terminal, adherent to a tufted rhizoma,
forming large crowns.

Rachis and stipes paleaceous.

Sori marginal.

For plants of this species I am indebted to Mr. R. Sim, of
Foot’s Cray; and for fronds to Mr. Norman, of Hull.

98 ASPIDIUM MARGINALE.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Sim, of Foot’s Cray;
Rollisson, of Tooting; Kennedy, of Covent Garden; A. Hen-
derson, of Pine-apple Place; Cutbush, of Highgate; and Young,
of ‘Taunton.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

| . oe
=i OZ Les

pee

+ Ss

ASPIDIUM PALCINELLUM.

Vi l=Venws6-

pdvlge

LAA

Pinna of mature Frond—upper side.

ASPIDIUM FALCINELLUM.

SWARTZ. KUNZE.

PEATE VIE} VOL. Vi.

Aspidium auriculatum, Or GarpEns. (not of Swartz.)
Polystichum falcinellum, Prest. Moorr & Hovtston. Smiru.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Haleinellum—Small sickle.

In THE SeEcT1Ion PoLysTicHUM oF AUTHORS.

One of the most attractive Ferns in the section Polystichum,
the large bold sori, and the pretty and conspicuous indusium,
places this Fern in high estimation among growers of orna-
mental plants.

An evergreen greenhouse Fern.

From the Island of Madeira.

Cultivated in the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1820.

Fronds oblong-lanceolate in form; pinnate, the pinne being
linear-oblong, petiolate, acute; superior base auriculate, inferior
base obliquely truncate, the edges of the frond doubly serrate.
Fronds terminal; adherent to a fasciculate tufted rhizoma.

Length from twelve to eighteen inches; colour bright green.

For plants of this species I am indebted to Mr. R. Sim, of
Foot’s Cray, Kent; and for fronds to Mr. R. Grey, of St.
Thomas’ Exeter, and to Mr. Norman, of Hull.

It is in the Catalogues of’ Messrs. A. Henderson, of Pine-

30 ASPIDIUM FALCINELLUM.

apple Place; Rollisson, of Tooting; Sim, of Foots Cray;
and Veitch, Jun., of Chelsea.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

A's Pt im F
aCe
f) Mad J i

ri
ee
Best be

ry

Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM PUNGENS.

KAuLFuss. SPRENGEL. KUNZE. SCHLECHTENDAL,
(not WALLICH. )

PLATE VIII. VOL. VI.

Polystichum pungens, Priest. Moore anp Hovtston.
ic <5 J. Smita. Linx. Fs.
Polypodium aculeatum, THuNBERG, (not of LINNEUS.)
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Pungens—Stinging.

ANOTHER very fine Fern, in the section Polystichum, bearing
a viviparous plant near the apex of the frond from the mid-
stem; the vivid shining dark green of the frond contrasts
greatly with most other Ferns.

An evergreen warm greenhouse Fern.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, by Mr. James
Bowie, in 1828.

Fronds ovate-lanceolate in form; bipinnate, pinnules trapezio-
oblong, sub-falcate; upper base auriculate, lower base truncate-
cuneate, petiolate, profoundly serrate, with spinulose teeth on
the edge of the pinnules. Terminal, adherent to a_ short
creeping rhizoma.

Rachis and stipes scaly.

32 ASPIDIUM PUNGENS.

Length of frond from eighteen to twenty-four inches; colour
light green.

My obligations are due to Mr. Moore, of the Chelsea
Botanic Gardens, and to Mr. Henderson, of Wentworth, for
plants of this species. |

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Kennedy, of Covent
Garden; Stansfield, of Todmorden; Sim, of Foot’s Cray;
Rollisson, of Tooting; Cooling, of Derby; and Young, of
Taunton.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

pss tvs es
Pen

¢

A

= vores:

Portion of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM FALCATUM.

SWARTZ. KUNZE. WILLDENOW.

. BVA, EX.) VOlMe. Vile
Cyrtomium falcatum, Prest. Moore anp HovtstTon.
ss 68 _Smira. Linx. Fer.
Polypodium faleatum, Tuunserc. Linnzus. PLUKENET.
3 japonicum, Hovrtuyn.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Faleatum—Hooked.

In THE SECTION CYRTOMIUM OF AUTHORS.

A very noble evergreen Fern with thick fronds of a dark green
colour, approaching that of the Portugal Laurel; paler beneath,
sori bold and pretty, being thickly scattered over the whole
under surface of the frond. Easily grown, and freely propa-
gating from spores, no one should be without this desirable
Fern.

YOr., VE F

34 ASPIDIUM FALCATUM.

An evergreen species, usually looked upon as a greenhouse
or halfhardy Fern, yet last winter it lived out of doors with-
out any protection; the fronds were cut with frost, but this
spring the plants have put forth new fronds vigorously;
consequently it is deciduous in this climate, yet quite hardy.

The colour of the frond is richer and darker when grown
in the open air.

Raised at the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1838.

Native of Japan.

Best known as the Cyrtomium falcatum.

Fronds lanceolate in form; pinnate, the pinne being shining
and coriaceous, ovate-acuminate, falcate, repand, slightly rounded
at. the base, margin somewhat crenate; petiolate.

Rachis and stipes densely clothed with huge brown scales.

Fronds terminal, adherent to an upright rhizoma.

Sori scattered over the under surface of the frond; indusium
orbicular.

Length of frond from eighteen to thirty inches.

My thanks are due to Mr. Henderson, of Wentworth, and
to Mr. Clarke, Curator of the Glasgow Botanic Gardens, for
plants of this species; and to Mr. Norman, of Hull, and Mr.
Clarke, of Glasgow, for fronds.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Veitch, Jun., of Chelsea;
Masters, of Canterbury; Osborn, of Fulham; Kennedy, of
Covent Garden; Cooling, of Derby; Sim, of Foot’s Cray; E.
G. Henderson, of St. John’s Wood; A. Henderson, of Pine-
apple Place; Veitch, of Exeter; and Stansfield, of ‘Todmorden.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

7
4 4

‘ie Na
ds
»

} it are

a
ee tie
i sere yi

DIUM

Yh ee AZ ‘ ey p

\
»

i

AUGESCENS.

Es oyen OP

Portion of mature Frond—under side.

| | ASPIDIUM AUGESCENS.

| Link. Kunze. Fee. Pertiver. PiLumier. SLOAN.

PEATE... , VOL: VI.

|| Lastrea augescens, J. Houtston. Moorr. Smita.
Nephrodium Ottonis, Or GaRDENs.

Aspidium Ottonianum, KUNZE.

| Lastrea serra, Or GARDENS.

Aspidium serra, Or ScuHorr.

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. AUGeSCENS—,.......4.4. c

In THE Secrion LAstTREA OF AUTHORS.

ANOTHER ornamental Fern, with pale green fronds.

An evergreen stove species.

| Native of Cuba, Venezuela, Caracas, Mexico, and Caribee.

Fronds slender, semi-erect, broadly-lanceolate in form, pubes-

cent, pinnate, the pinne being linear lanceolate, (very narrow
for their length,) sessile, pinnatifid, the segments being rigid,
small, oblong-obtuse, and largest nearest the rachis. Fronds

| lateral, adherent to a creeping rhizoma.

i Length from three to four feet; colour pale green.

Sori medial, and often only partial. Indusium hairy.

Best known as the Lastrea augescens.

My thanks are due to Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter; Messrs.

36 ASPIDIUM AUGESCENS.

Veitch, Jun., of Chelsea; and to Messrs. Booth, of Hamburg,
for plants of this species; and to Mr. J. Henderson, of Went-
worth, and to Mr. Norman, of Hull, for fronds.

It is contained in the Catalogues of Messrs. A. Hendersor,
of Pine-apple Place; Stansfield, of Todmorden; Veitch, of Exeter;
Veitch, Jun., of Chelsea; Kennedy, of Covent Garden; Rollisson,
of Tooting; Sim, of Foot’s Cray; and Cooling, of Derby.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

h,

7 aly
AMIS fel wae

ah ile
awe i iy ight

ur i]

aie m

wr is
u ,
a’

mv, ¥ per ;

ir

ACUMINA TUM:

6.

VOL.

XI

Portion of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM ACUMINATUM.

WILLDENOW.

PLATE XI. VOL. VI.

Lastrea acuminata, J. Houtston. Moore.
cs Rileyana, OF GARDENS.
Lepidonevron acuminatuin, Fre.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Acuminatum—Long-pointed.

In THE SEcTION LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

A pretty dwarf evergreen Fern, yet from what country it
is rather doubtful, probably Nepal.

An evergreen warm greenhouse or stove species.

Fronds glabrous, triangularly-elongate, bipinnate; pinne being
triangularly elongate-acuminate; pinnules oblong-ovate, except
the lower ones, which are entire, and in a slight degree pinnatifid;
-the upper pinnules are decurrent at the base, and rigidly dentate.

Fronds terminal, adherent to a slightly tufted rhizoma.

Sori medial.

Length of frond twelve to fifteen inches; colour a heavy green.

For plants of this species I am indebted to Mr. Moore, of
the Chelsea Botanic Gardens; and to Mr. J. Henderson, of
Wentworth.

ASPIDIUM ACUMINATUM.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Veitch, Jun., of Chelsea;
R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray; and Rollisson, of Tooting.
The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

Ar

s

ee

Se eb G Mg ge

WARES ES
FNS
> VENTE NOS

S
ONS

Portion of mature Frond—under side,

ASPIDIUM PROLIFERUM.

R. Brown. Konze, (not of Hooker AND GREVILLE.)
KavuLruss. SPRENGEL.

PLATE XII. VOL. VI.

Polystichum pyroliferum, Prest. Moore anp Hovtston.
ee J. SMITH.
Aspidium vestitum, WILLDENOW, (not of Swartz,
SIEBER, SCHKUHR, nor FEE.)
Polystichum stramineum, VEITCH’s, JUN., CATALOGUE.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Proliferum—Proliferous.

In tHe Section PotysticHuM OF AUTHORS.

AGAIN it is requisite to remark ‘a handsome plant when well
grown; and also, like Aspidiwm pungens, viviparous near the
apex of the frond.

An evergreen warm greenhouse Fern.

Native of Van Diemen’s Land, (Tasmania,) and New Holland.

Received into the Royal Gardens, Kew, from Messrs. Osborn,
in 1845.

Fronds linear-lanceolate in form, bipinnate; pinnules petiolate,
oblong-ovate, obtuse, sub-falcate; superior base in a small degree
auriculate; margin bluntly toothed. Terminal, adherent to a
thick tufted rhizoma.

Rachis and stipes paleaceous.

40 ASPIDIUM PROLIFERUM.

Length from eighteen to twenty-four inches; colour dull green.

My thanks are due to Mr. Moore, of the Chelsea Botanic
Gardens, and to Mr. Henderson, of Wentworth, for plants of
this species.

It is in the Fern Catalogues of Messrs. A. Henderson, of
Pine-apple Place; Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Kennedy, of Covent
Garden; Veitch, Jun., of Chelsea; Stansfield, of Todmorden;
E. Cooling, of Derby; and Young, of Taunton.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

= 6...
wes don

ASPIDIUM FILIX-MAS.

xX lS Svoulp;

E

i seas

ASP LD IG My 1 1 oe AS SCR Sie

XIV —vor.€

(W; WD MG i Or MP ABBAS

Oe (G7 ag re leahea ha) ie Ber ibe Df 4 VY} WZ, Y GA eS Ka VES
1 BEE SR? (ES ES (EY Se gs th SSIES Sob RE ead Rc ee
Nt S2G > |) QO) Ke PEA GAD an 2.4 Ralaen FLA 7 BABA be A 2 SKE UN

EROS Ges ee Nes) a ee oA,
ee as
Ru sake RUN

Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM FILIX-MAS.

SWARTZ. SMITH. SCHKUHR. HooKkER AND ARNOTT. Mackay.
FEE. WILLDENOW. SPRENGEL. Kunze. LINK.

PLATES XGQili AND-XiV. VOL. ‘VI.

Lastrea Filix-mas, Presi. Basineton. SowErBy.
™ x Moorz. Newman.
66 :
8 omah tae } “The variety zncisum.”
“6
«patentssine, Pawan, 5 “The varoty paleaceun.”
Polystichum Filizx-mas, Rotu. Dr Canpo.te.
= affine, Lreprzpour. “The variety incisum.”
Polypodium Filia-mas, Linnzvus. Botton.
+ nemorale, SALISBURY.
t Heleopteris, Borxuavsen. ‘The variety incisum.”
Dryopteris Filix-mas, Scuotr. .Nrwman.
. affinis, Newman. “The variety tncisum.”
° Borreri, Newman. “The variety paleaceum.”
Lophodium Filiz-mas, _ NEWMAN. ep
| 4 erosum, Newman. “The variety inecisum.”
Aspidium nemorale, GRayY.
% depastum, ScHKURR. “Th sn ,
“ affine, FiscHer & ow da wae echo Chad

VOL. VI. ; G

42 ASPIDIUM FILIX-MAS.

Aspidium paleaceum, Don. ‘|
ee patentissimum, WALLICH. |
- Donianum, SPRENGEL. L Th 1 -:
oe Wallichianum, SPRENGEL. Ae eS ee
Nephrodium affine, Lowe. |
Dichasium patentissimum, Braun. Fun. J

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Filiz-mas—Male Fern.
In THE SeEcrTrion LasrrEA oF AUTHORS.

ALTHOUGH so common a species, still it is a noble Fern, and
being hardy and easily grown in almost every situation, it is a
favourite amongst cultivators of plants.

It is to be found lining the sides of ditches, the margins of
rivers and lakes, the edges of cliffs and crevices of rocks, be -
they moist or dry, no matter what their geological construction,
becoming a principal undergrowth in many woods, and even
growing where the salt waves of the sea can occasionally wash
over them. Subject to great variety when raised from spores,
and many of the varieties permanent, and some of them ex-
ceedingly handsome. ‘The variety Cristatum, of which a coloured
illustration is given on Plate XIV., is a glorious object when
well grown. Mr. Moore, in the “Nature-Printed Ferns,” has
given an excellent description of the principal varieties, to which
the reader is referred, as the limited space devoted to each
species will not allow of a more than brief extract from Mr.
Moore’s descriptions. ‘The varieties given are the following :—

Lastrea Filiz-mas, Moors. Varieties :—
1.—Paleacea, Moore. (Var. Borrert, Johnson, Newman; var.
Pseudo-mas, Wollaston.) Mr. Wollaston considers it a distinct
species. It is by no means uncommon, and differs from the
ordinary form of Filiz-mas in having a somewhat yellow appear-
ance, slightly glaucous beneath, stipes and rachis shaggy, scales
golden brown, ribs and veins purple.

2.—Multifida, Wollaston. Apex of frond, and of some of the
pinne bifid or multifid.

3.—Cristata, Moore. (Plate XIV.) This glorious variety has
the apices of all the pinnz beautifully and uniformly tasselled.
The pinne are shorter, and narrow rapidly towards the tassel.

ASPIDIUM FILIX-MAS. 43

Found at Charleston, near St. Austell, in Cornwall. Somewhat
similar plants have been found in Staffordshire and Devonshire.

4.— Prolifera, Wollaston. ‘Tasselled like Cristata, but more
crisped, depauperated, and laciniated. It also bears bulbils.

5).—Dichotoma, Wollaston. Somewhat resembles Multifida, but
has not the golden scales of that variety.

6.—Incisa, Moore. (Var. Hrosum, Hooker and Arnott, Doll,
Newman; var. Affinis, Newman.) Upright in habit, larger than
the normal form, common, distinctly bipinnate, and sori covering
nearly the whole length of the pinnules.

7.—Erosa, Wollaston. Laciniated, looking as if nibbled by
insects. |

8.—Deorso-lobata, Moore. A common large Fern in the
Incisa group.

9.—Producta, Moore. Large, and somewhat analogous to
Incisa; sori confined to the upper third of the frond. Found
at Wrekin, in Shropshire, by the Rev. W. A. Leighton.

10.—Triangulartis, Moore. In the Incisa group, somewhat
resembling Lastrea cristata. Found in Kent by Dr. Allchin.

11.—Polydactyla, Moore. Differs from Cristata in the pinne
not being shortened, and do not narrow much until quite close
to the tasselled ends. Found at Bromsgrove, in Worcestershire,
by: Mr. B. Maund.
-- 12.—Abbreviata, Babington, Johnson, and Newman. Dwarf,
glandular, and fragrant with larger pinnules than in Pwumuila.
Sori mostly uniserial. Found at Snowdon, Ingleborough, Tees-
dale, and Wyck, (Gloucestershire.) Lately I saw many plants
on the hills to the east of Grasmere Lake.

13.—Pumila, Moore. (Var. Abbreviata of Moore, and Recur-
vum of Francis.) Somewhat similar to Abbreviata. The points
of the pinne and pinnules recurve, giving a concave appearance
on the upper surface. A dwarf species, confined to North Wales
and alpine districts. Mr. Wollaston considers it a distinct species,
in which I perfectly agree, and have consequently figured it
under the name of Aspidium pumilum.

14.—Subintegra, Moore. Closely allied to Abdbreviata and Pu-
mila. Abundant at Ennis, County Clare, Ireland, where it was
found by the Rev. J. Baird. ;

The three last-mentioned varieties of Mr. Moore’s list appear
to be different forms of the same Fern, and this a distinct

44 ASPIDIUM FILIX-MAS.

species from <Aspidium Filixz-mas: The dwarf permanent form
and peculiar character of the sori renders it very distinct from
A. Filiz-mas, and I do not doubt that before very long it will
be separated from that species by the universal consent of
botanists, and at the same time the dwarf so-called form of
Asplenium Filiz-fenina, known as the variety Acuminatum, will
also be raised to the honourable dignity of a species. Lately I
have seen much of this latter Fern in. the lake district of West-
morland and Cumberland, mostly growing in alpine situations, yet
having the normal form of Asplenium Filix-femina growing
amongst it. Mostly it is the companion of Aspidium oreopteris.
It is a common and widely-spread Fern in hilly districts.

Turning to the normal form of Aspidiwm Filiz-mas, the fronds
are lanceolate, bipinnate, with linear pinne tapering to the apex;
pinnules oblong-obtuse, with the margin serrate, crenate, or in-
ciso-lobate. Caudex large, tufted, scaly, erect, or decumbent.
Stipes short, stout, covered with scales. Rachis slightly covered
with small scales. Pinne numerous. Veins branched.

Sorl numerous, distinct, roundish reniform, medial. Indusium
convex, persistent, reniform, margin entire, destitute of marginal
glands.

Length of frond usually from two to three feet, occasionally
as much as six feet; colour deep green, smooth and bright.

A deciduous hardy indigenous species common throughout
the whole of Europe. In Russian Asia, along the Altai and
Himalaya from Kumaon through Nepal to Assam, in some
parts of India, North Africa, Madeira, Mexico, Guatemala,
New Granada, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, and Caraccas. ,

For plants of this Fern I am indebted for the variety Paleacea
to Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray; for the variety Cristata to Mr.
Wollaston, of Chisselhurst; Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting; and
Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray; for the variety Hrosa to Mr. Clapham,
of Scarbro’; for the variety Polydactyla to Mr. Stansfield, of
Todmorden; and for fronds of Cristata to Mr. Henderson, of
Wentworth, and to Mr. Grey, of St. Thomas’, Exeter.

The variety Paleacea I have found abundant about Stockgill
Force, Ambleside, and near Rydal Lake, and near Windermere,
about Lowood. |

The variety Deorso-lobata about Ambleside, and at Matlock
and Wollaton.

ASPIDIUM FILIX-MAS. 45

The variety Jncisa at Wollaton.

Several other varieties, more or less distinct from the normal
form, were found about Ambleside, Grasmere, Rydal, Kendal,
Penrith, Wyburn, and Brathay, in the lake districts of West-
morland and Cumberland, at Morecombe Bay, Lancashire, and
about the falls of the Calder and Snout, in Durham.

The varieties bear the names as if they were the varieties
of Lastrea instead of Aspidium,; the gender has not been
altered, as they represent varieties of the section Lastrea.

The Male Fern is too common to need a record of the
Nurserymen who keep it. The variety Cristata can be pro-
cured of W.Cutbush, of Highgate; Paleacea and Cristata of
J. Young, of Taunton; the varieties Incisa and Crestata of
Bass and Brown, of Sudbury; the variety Cristata of Veitch,
of Chelsea; Cristata of A. Henderson, of Pine-apple Place;
the varieties Incisa, Cristata, Paleacea, and Crispa of R.
Sim, of Foot’s Cray; the varieties Cristata, rosa, Incisa,
Paleacea, and Polydactyla of A. Stansfield, of Todmorden;
Paleacea and Cristata of KE. Cooling, of Derby; Cristata of
W. Rollisson, of Tooting; Incisa, Hrosa, and Cristata of R.
Kennedy, of Covent Garden.

The variety Cristata is so remarkably handsome that it has
been deemed desirable to give a coloured illustration. These
illustrations are from plants in my own collection.

Varicty Incisum.

46 ASPIDIUM FILIX-MAS.

One of the forms of the variety Cristata.

Variety Paleacea.

= epr ar

Sere trt A

AS PLDI UM= 2 UNE OM:
‘ xX Vi Nom 6:

Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM PUMILUM.

LOWE.

PEATE XV. VOL. VE.

Lastrea pumila, Moore.
es Filiz-mas, var. abbreviata, Moore.
Aspidium “ var. recurvum, FRANCIS.
a ss var. pumilum, Or GARDENS.
Lastrea Filix-mas, var. abbreviata, BaBINGTON.
a ce JOHNSON.
us abbreviata Moore. a :
Polystichum abbreviatum, Dr CanDOoLLE. } ane varicty :
Lophodium < NEwMan. | wbreviatum.
Dryopteris abbreviata, NEWMAN.
« Filiz-mas, var. abbreviata, NEWMAN.
Lastrea Filix-mas subintegra, Moorr. “The var. subintegra
of Moore.”
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Pumilum—Dwarf.

In THe Secrion LasrrReA OF AUTHORS.

ALTHOUGH generally looked upon as a variety of Aspedium
Filiz-mas, still its characters are very distinct, so much so as
to induce me to figure it as a species.

A hardy deciduous Fern, remaining green and fresh later in
the year than A. Filix-mas.

An alpine species.

48 ASPIDIUM PUMILUM.

The normal form being found in North Wales, Snowdon, and
Llyn Ogwen; the variety Abbreviatum on Snowdon, on the
hills of Westmorland and Cumberland, at Ingleborough, at Wyck,
in Gloucestershire, and in Teesdale; and the variety Subintegrum
abundantly at Ennis, in County Clare, Ireland.

A dwarf species.

Fronds lanceolate, pinnate. The pinne blunt, rather deflexed,
and pinnatifid. Pinnules small, oblong-obtuse, convex. Fronds
glandular. The points of the pinne and pinnules recurving.

Sori, a single sorus near the base of the pinnules, on the
anterior side, forming a single row on either side of their rachis
or midrib.

Fronds fragrant. Indusium leaden in colour. Stipes two to
three inches in length.

Length of frond nine to twelve inches; colour dull green.

The variety Abdreviatum has larger pinnules, and is not so
much recurved. Indusia as in A. pumilum, marginal with
glands, and fragrant. The variety Subintegrum is narrow and
lance-shaped.

For a plant of this species I am indebted to Mr. Pearson, of
Chilwell.

It is in the Catalogues of Mr. W. Cutbush, of Highgate;
Pearson, of Chilwell; J. Young, of Taunton; Masters, of Can-
terbury; A. Henderson, of Pine-apple Place; R. Sim, of Foot’s .
Cray; A. Stansfield, of Todmorden; W. Rollisson, of Tooting;
and R, Kennedy, of Covent Garden.

_ The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

| ASPIDIUM ACULEATUM.

| SWARTZ. SMITH. HOOKER AND ARNOTT. WILLDENOW.
SPRENGEL. SCHKUHR. KUNZE.

PLATE XVI... VOL. ‘Vi. |

| Polystichum aculeatum, Rotu. DeEaKkiIn. BAsBIneton.
} = si SowrerBy. Newman. Moore.
| Z = Prest. Ferre. Linx. Scuort.
7 lobatum, ; PRESL. ee
i ‘ < , SowERBY.
\ fe aculeatum, NEWMAN. |
oe Plukenetu, Dr CanpDotLte. ! “The var.
Al sf aculeatum var. : ”
\ lonchitidioides, ; SES eee
| = aculeatum var. lobatum, Daxtin.
es = Moors. Fer.J
| Polypodium aculeatum, LInNEUvS.
i = lobatum, Hupson. Th
| aculeatum, Hvpson. bck
“ Plukenetii, LoIsELEUR. ; eae
| Aspidium lobatum, ScHxunrR. Kunze.
| | 4 discretum, Don.
ee lobatum, Swartz. SmirTHu. )
| ‘ Hooker AND ARNOTTY. |
{ WILLDENOW. | ane
| RS id Mackay, r eon,
es “var. lonchitidioides, Hooxrr AND ARNOTT.
zi aculeatum, ScHEUHR.
si Plukenetii, STEUDEL. iy

H

50 ASPIDIUM ACULEATUM.

Aspidium intermedium, SADLER.
es munitum, SADLER.
& lentum, Dent The var. lobatum.
as ocellatum, WALLICH.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Aculeatum—Prickly.

In THE Section PouysTIcCHUM oF AUTHORS.

A MosT interesting species of handsome growth, and having
brillant shining fronds. Growing in shady situations. It is
by no means an uncommon British plant, being found in
almost every county of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and
the Channel Islands, from the sea-level to two thousand feet
elevation.

Common throughout the whole of Hurope, (except, perhaps,
the countries of Greece and Turkey;) from Scandinavia to
Spain. Russian Asia, British India, Algiers, Madeira, America,
from Eastern United States to Columbia.

An evergreen indigenous species.

Caudex thick and tufted. Stipes short, three to four inches
in length, densely scaly. Rachis stout and densely scaly.

Fronds bipinnate, lanceolate, or broadly linear-lanceolate,
rigid; pinne numerous, obliquely lanceolate, broadest at the
base, acuminate, pinnate at the base, and sometimes nearly to
the apex; pinnules somewhat elliptic, acute, and aristate at the
apex, auriculate on the anterior side, and being acute and
mucronate, aristate and subsessile, attached by the cuneate base,
or decurrent. ‘The basal anterior pinna larger than the rest.

Veins branched. Fructification mostly confined to the upper
half of the frond. |

Sori circular, indusiate, eventually becoming confluent or
crowded. Indusium membranaceous, orbicular, peltate, and
umbilicate.

Length of frond from one to three feet, rigid, leathery, smooth,
and dark shining green above; paler beneath.

There is a similarity between Aspidium aculeatum and the
A. angulare, at least to those not well versed in Ferns; the
former, however, is more rigid, upright, and stouter in its growth,

ASPIDIUM ACULEATUM. 51

has medial sori, and is evergreen; the latter is herbaceous,
deciduous, and lax.

The present species is subject to much variation. Mr. Moore
describes five distinct varieties, namely :—

1.—Lonchitidioides. Somewhat resembles A. lonchitis.

2.—Lobatum. Has narrow lance-shaped fronds from one to
two feet long, and sub-bipinnate.

3.—Multifidum, Wollaston. Apex multifid.

4.—Proliferum, Wollaston. Produces bulbils in axils of the
lower pinne.

5.—Argutum. Broadly lanceolate, the pinnules being narrow
and elongate, terminate in an acute spiny point, and have long
spines to the marginal teeth.

A. aculeatum is best known under the name of Polystichum
aculeatum.

Situation appears to exert great influence over this species,
the common form growing near Beeston, is very different to
that at Chaigely, Lancashire; or Rydal, Westmorland.

The variety Lonchitidioides, I am indebted to Mr. Stansfield,
of ‘Todmorden, for plants of; others I have gathered wild in
Patterdale. A dwarf form is very abundant on a moist shady
bank at Chaigely Manor, Lancashire, and an intermediate variety
almost connecting A. aculeatum with A. angulare I have received
plants of, from Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart., of Rolleston Hall,
near Burton-on-Trent, in whose Fernery I have seen most of
the varieties of A. aculeatum flourishing most luxuriantly.

This common Fern can be procured of all the Nurserymen;
the varieties Lobatum and Lobatum-incisum of W. Cutbush, of
Highgate: Lobatum of J. Young, of Taunton; Lobatum of Veitch,
of Chelsea; Lobatum and Lonchitidioides of E. G. Henderson,
of St. John’s Wood; Lobatum and Proliferum of R. Sim, of Foot’s
Cray; Lobatum and Lonchitidioides of A. Stansfield, of Todmor-
den; Lobatum and Lobatum-incisum, of W. Rollisson, of Tooting;
and Lobatum and Lonchitidioides of R. Kennedy, of Covent
Garden.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

at age is

hr

?,

| a anid in “esl reg (hak a oe he
Fava Be e iii eh Hy, He. ner Pa

ce haat vt tii

ante ae Nikon Nay Teh itie Ta, ey
; ; ie ey Pay at )

‘aa ising ‘whl 7 nad PAN, tet tha rtd +i
C ae iris Sa rwm aE gthitasan el atid i oe
el “aes i ao nN, ed A Aree alt hs Sih i

¥ ' MA as et fin OOF ats 4
ie , wi : say at ie A as ri yt } i ' ee 1 sy ra gav
wt P, i i a P e
4 hb i fF ‘ . ¥
ver, vee! rem! a a ACES Tae ot ek hi ' ; y
{ ie coat | : i
Wy i! : i Py EOL te were ‘ Mk ae

Portion of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM OREOPTERIS.

Swartz. Scukunr. SMITH. HOooKER AND ARNOTT.
Mackay. WILLDENOW. SPRENGEL.

PLATE XVII.

Lastrea oreopteris,
66 66

ne montana,

Aspidium odoriferum,
Polypodium oreopteris,

a montanun,

a thlypteris,

oh Sragrans,
pteroides,
limbospermum,
Polystichum montanum,

a oreopteris,
Hemestheum montanum,

Aspidium—The Shield Fern.

VOL. VI.

Prest. Basineton. Dakin.
Sowrrsy. Moorr. NEwMaAN.
Moort. NEwMAN.

GRayY.

Ereuart. SMITH.

VOGLER.

Hupson. Botton.

Hupson, (not Linnxvs.)
‘VILLARS.

ALLIONI.

Rota.

DE CANDOLLE.

NEWMAN.

Oreopteris—Mountain Fern.

In rHE SEcTION LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

THE Mountain Buckler Fern is an interesting species, found
chiefly in damp mountainous places, yet also in bogs and marshes
along with Aspidium cristatum. A widely-spread species, being
exceedingly common in Scotland and the north of England.

VOL. VI.

I

o4 ASPIDIUM OREOPTERIS.

In the lake districts of Westmorland and Cumberland it is very
abundant.

Extends over the whole of Europe.

Fronds pinnate, lanceolate in form; pinne opposite, the basal
ones obtusely triangular, about the centre of the frond linear-
lanceolate.

Veins forked, and bearing sori near the apices.

Sori moderate-sized, round, forming a sub-marginal series.

Indusium small and thin.

Length of frond from one to three feet. Colour brilliant
green.

The fronds of this species are fragrant.

Mr. Moore, in the “‘Nature-printed Ferns,”gives two varieties :

[st.—TZruncata, Wollaston. Found near Tunbridge Wells, by
Mr. Wollaston, a monstrosity, having the apices of the frond
and pinne ending abruptly.

2nd.—Crispa, Moore. Found on the Clova Mountains, by
Dr. Balfour. The pinnules are undulated.

Plants of this Fern I have gathered wild at Oxton Bogs
and Bulwell, Nottinghamshire; at Wincham, near Northwich,
Cheshire; and about Ambleside and Grasmere. For other
specimens I am indebted to Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart., of
Rolleston Hall; and to Mr. Joseph Sidebotham, of Manchester.

It is in the following Catalogues:—Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea;
Rollisson, of Tooting; Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Cutbush, of High-
gate; Kennedy, of Covent Garden; Stansfield, of ‘Todmorden;
E. G. Henderson, of St. John’s Wood; Cooling, of Derby; A.
Henderson, of Pine-apple Place; and Young, of Taunton.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

¢
‘

ZZ

ay ga
: A Aaa my Ee if Si ez
)" y) Ya ye | Vee ie ie wy Va (FA
: ESTE 7
. Ls Ep. 2

ae
eee RRR

Te/S x

Portion of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM THELYPTERIS.

SWARTZ. SmiTtH. Hooker AND ARNOTT. MACKAY.
SCHKUHR. WILLDENOW. SPRENGEL.

PLATE XVIII. VOL VI.

Lastrea thelypteris, Prest. Deakin. Basrneron.
or Newman. Moore. Sowersy.
Aspidium palustre, Gray.
Acrostichum thelypteris, Linnzvs. Borrow.
Polypodium thelypteris, LInNzvs.
s palustre, SALISBURY.
Polystichum thelypteris, Rota.
Nephrodium : STREMPEL.
Athyrium % SPRENGEL.
Hemestheum a NEWMAN.
Dryopteris ra Gray.
Thelypteris palustris, ScHorTt.

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Thelypteris—Lady-Fern.
In THE Section LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

THe Marsh or Female Buckler Fern is an interesting bog-
growing species.

A widely-spread though local British Fern, less common in
Ireland, and only found in one locality in Scotland, namely,

56 ASPIDIUM THELYPTERIS.

Forfarshire. General throughout Europe, Algiers, Cape of Good
Hope, New Zealand, Russian Asia, and North America.

Fronds lanceolate, membranaceous, erect; pinnate, pinne
numerous, spreading, linear-lanceolate, and deeply pinnatifid.
The fertile fronds have the margins of their segments revolute,
are taller, and have a stouter stipes. Veins forked. Fructifi-
cation extends over the whole under side of the frond.

Sori small, circular, and placed near the base of the venules.

Indusium small and circular.

Stipes as long as the leafy portion of the fertile frond;
smooth and round behind, channeled in front, near the base
black and polished, above pale green.

Rachis smooth and circular behind, and channeled in front.
Caudex creeping.

Length of frond from six to forty-eight inches; colour
delicate green.

Easily cultivated in a damp situation with abundance of peaty
soil.

This species I have procured wild from Oxton Bogs, and
for other plants I am indebted to Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart.,
of Rolleston Hall; and for fronds to Mr. Norman, of Hull.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Kennedy, of Covent
Garden; Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Rollisson, of Tooting; Cooling,
of Derby; Veitch, of Chelsea; A. Henderson, of Pine-apple —
Place; E. G. Henderson, of St. John’s Wood; Stansfield, of
Todmorden; Young, of Taunton; and Cutbush, of Highgate.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

-
—s 4

=

LE

Se
2 Sa

NS

> an (©)
VT TW
LSE

LbiwWw ist YY +

<<. eee ee»

ZAM Vis

Portion of mature Frond—under side, shewing the highest barren and lowest fertile pinnz.

| ASPIDIUM ACROSTICHOIDES.

SWARTZ. KUNZE.

PEAR, XESS. - VOL: VE.

; . . :

| Polystichum acrostichoides, Scuott. Moorrt & Hovtston.
| ‘ sear ia SwakTz. ScHKUHR. SMITH.
4

* a Witipenow. Linx. Prest.
| Aspidium auriculatum, ScCHKUHR.

i Nephrodiwm acrostichoides, MicwHavx.

!

}

| Aspidium—The* Shield Fern. Acrostichoides—............ ?

| A pLeasine hardy Fern, easily cultivated and very dissim-
ilar from all other species.
Native of North America.
First introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1820.
Fronds pinnate, lanceolate; apex contracted where soriferous.
Pinne oblong-linear, acute, petiolate, auriculate on the upper
base, lower base obliquely truncate; margin ciliato-serrate, with
| lengthy spinulous_ hairs.
| Rachis and stipes squamulous. ‘Terminal, being adherent to
| a tufted rhizoma.
| Sori confluent.

i 38 ASPIDIUM ACROSTICHOIDES.

Length of frond two feet; colour dull green.

For plants of this species I am indebted to Mr. R. Sim,
| of Foot’s Cray; and for fronds to Mr. Norman, of Hull.
| It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Young, of Taunton; A.
i Henderson, of Pine-apple Place; Stansfield, of ‘Todmorden ;
| Kennedy, of Covent Garden; Cooling, of Derby; Cutbush, of
i Highgate; Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Rollisson, of Tooting; and
i) Veitch, of Chelsea.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

SWARTZ.

(ae

LF

dies ea ADs

“ Re f
‘

ne fone BE

G ;
oad: (ees igs fe
374 Es SiGe

oaare ON
ee ey aw eh

Kas

Portion of mature l‘rond—under side.

ASPIDIUM CRISTATUM.

J. E. SMITH.

HooKkER AND ARNOTT. SCHKUHR.

WILLDENOW. SPRENGEL.

PLATE XX. VOL. VI.

Aspidium cristatum
var. callipteris,
Aspidium Goldieanum,

Aspidium lancastriense,
Lastrea cristata,

6é 66

- callipteris,

Polypodium cristatum,

3 callipteris,
Nephrodium cristatum,
Polystichum cristatum,

i callipteris,
Lophodium callipteris,
Dryopteris cristata,
Lastrea cristata

var. wliginosa, ;
Lastrea uliginosa,
Aspidium spinulosum,

6é 6é
66 66

var. uliginosum, ;
Lophodium uliginosum,

Aspidiwm—The Shield Fern.

PoursH.

OF somME GarDENs, (not of Hooker
AND GREVILLE.

SPRENGEL. ScHKUHR. WILLDENOW.

Prest. Deraxin. Moore.

Basineton. Newman. Sowegsy.

NEWMAN.

LInNzEvs.

ERHBARtT.

MicHavx.

RotH.

Dr CANDOLLE.

NEWMAN.

GRay.

Moore.

BaBINGTON.

NEWMAN.

Hooxer &
ARNOTT.

|

ew var. wliginosum.
Brawn. |
J

NEWMAN.

Cristatum—Crested.

60 ASPIDIUM CRISTATUM.

In THE SEcTION LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

Tue Crested Buckler Fern is a very local and at the same
time singular and beautiful species. It is upright in habit,
having a long narrow frond, with large bold fructification,
which is almost black soon after the indusium has been shed.
It is a difficult Fern to grow, owing to its native habitat
being a boggy situation. When in cultivation as an out-door
Fern, if planted in peaty soil near water, it will flourish as
well as when growing wild, but in less favourable situations
it will become weaker every year, until it finally, in two or
three years, dies. In its native situations it appears to prefer
growing on the sides of large tufts of Aira cespitosa and
other swampy grasses.

Botanists seem of opinion that another upright-growing Fern ~
constantly found amongst it is merely a variety, yet from a
vast number of examples that I have examined, the distinctive
differences are so great that it seems more natural to separate
them. Indeed the so-called variety Uliginoswm will flourish in
an open Fernery in situations which would prove fatal to Erhart’s
Fern. It also ripens its fructification earlier in the summer,
and the fronds fade away in autumn, shrivelling up in a similar
manner to what is observed with the Lady Fern, whilst <As-
pidium cristatum remains green far into winter, and the fronds
do not shrivel up, breaking near the ground, and thus causing
them to be prostrate before they have faded away.

A hardy deciduous species, indigenous to Great Britain,
growing in boggy situations in Norfolk, Suffolk, Nottingham-
shire, and Cheshire. Generally dispersed throughout Europe
and North America.

Frond upright, narrow, linear-oblong, tapering at the apex,
sub-bipinnate. Pinne numerous, and broadly triangular near the
base, being more elongate near the centre of the frond. Pin-
nules blunt, adnate; basal lobes serrate, the rest inciso-crenate,
except at the apex.

Veins forked.

Fructification usually occupying the upper half of the frond.

Sori circular, numerous, indusiate, and medial. Indusium
reniform, flat, and membranous.

ASPIDIUM CRISTATUM. 61

Length of frond from one to three feet; colour heavy green.

Lastrea uliginosa of Newman, will, in all probability, be
raised to the rank of a species when better known. It bears
its fertile fronds long before A. cristatwm,; the latter are ripe
about the last week in July, whilst A. uwhginosum becomes
ripe in June. The fronds have more the character of A. spin-
ulosum than of A. ecristatum; they grow upright, and are
naked for nearly half their length, the pinnnles are smaller
and more numerous, and the fructification extends over the
whole under side of the frond. Through the kindness of Mr.
Henry Sherbrook, of Oxton, I have been enabled to examine the
plants in their native habitat of Nottinghamshire, namely, Oxton
Bogs, and also to bring away with me a series of plants of
both forms, and although both flourish best in a moist situ-
ation in peaty soil, still A. wlginosum will grow in a much
drier situation than A. cristatwm, and is an easier plant to
grow under pot-culture.

For plants of a variety of this Fern from North America,
known as the Lastrea cristata-major, 1 am indebted to Mr.
R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray.

It is in the Fern Catalogues of Messrs. Young, of Taunton;
Bass and Brown, of Sudbury; A. Henderson. of Pine-apple
Place; E. G. Henderson, of St. John’s Wood; Stansfield and
Son, of Todmorden; Cooling, of Derby; Pearson, of Chilwell;
Kennedy, of Covent Garden; Cutbush, of Highgate; Sim, of
Foot’s Cray; Rollisson, of Tooting; and Veitch, Jun., of
Chelsea.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

VOL. VI. K

rn
n
As)

idium cristatum.—Variety Uliginosum.

RIGIDUM.
X XI

ASPLDIUM

SS

J A de> Penis Wie) oid | eh ea

WN

VZ3 FIZZ
\

A

Portion of mature Frond—upper side.

ASPIDIUM RIGIDUM.

SWARTZ. SCHKUHR. HookER AND ARNOTT. WILLDENOW.
SPRENGEL.

PEATE XXt.-——VOL. VI.

Aspidium fragrans,

zr pallidum,
nevadense,

- Boothii,

5 argutum,
Polypodium rigidum,

ey Sragrans,
Heliopteris,
Lastrea rigida,

6é ce

ce

Nephrodium pallidum,
Polystichum rigidum,
‘ strigosum,
Dryopteris rigida,
Lophodium rigidum,

Aspidium—The Shield Fern.

Gray, (not of Swartz.)

Linx.

BolssiEr.

TUCKERMAN.

KavLrFvss.

HoFrMann. |
Vitzars, (not of Linnzxus or Hupson.)
BORKHAUSEN.

Prest. BaBineton. SoOwERBY.
Newman. Moore. Draxin.

Bory.

Dr CANDOLLE.

Rota.

GRAY.

NEWMAN.

Rigidum—Rigid.

In THE Section LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

Tue Rigid Shield Fern, or, as Mr. Moore has now called it,
the “Rigid Buckler Fern,” is a pretty hardy, deciduous British

64 ASPIDIUM RIGIDUM.

species, easily grown both in a Fernery and under pot-culture.

A local species, confined to the limestone mountains of West-
morland, Lancaster, and York, and even in these localities
extending over a small area. In Ireland it has been found
in the county of Louth. In England Mr. Moore remarks
that it ranges between twelve and fifteen hundred feet above
the sea-level.

It is a native of France, Switzerland, Sardinia, Sicily, Calabria,
Germany, Dalmatia, Croatia, Hungary, Morea, Siberia, Asia
Minor, California, and Massachusetts; in the two latter countries
it attains a larger size.

The caudex is thick, tufted, scaly, and decumbent. Stipes
short, densely scaly. Rachis scaly. Venation branched. Fronds
bipinnate, triangularly elongate. Pinne alternate, triangular in
form. Pinnules oblong, base truncate, apex obtuse. Length
from one to two feet; colour dull green, paler on the under
side. Numerous minute glands are scattered over the frond,
giving it a somewhat glaucous appearance.

There are no permanent varieties of this species.

The Aspidium rigidum is readily recognised from A. Filix-
mas, by its more rigid habit, and by the dusty look of its
fronds and their less size.

For plants of A. regidum I am indebted to Mr. Joseph Side-
botham, of Manchester; Mr. Wraight, of Newlands; Mr. Clapham,
of Scarbro’; and to Mr. Clarke, gardener to Mr. Wilkinson Dent,
of Flass House, Crosby Ravensworth, Westmorland; to Mr.
Clarke my obligations are more particularly due for an extensive
series of specimens of this species, gathered in his neighbourhood.

This Fern may be procured of the following Nurserymen:—
W.Cutbush, of Highgate; J. Young, of Taunton; Veitch, of
Chelsea; A: Henderson, of Pine-apple Place; E. G. Henderson,
of St. John’s Wood; R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray; A. Stansfield, of
‘Todmorden; E. Cooling, of Derby; J. Pearson, of Chilwell; W.
Rollisson, of Tooting; and R. Kennedy, of Covent Garden.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

PIDIUND

f LONCHITIS.
XXII

ee

a

NGI

Aw!
WS Ai

\ h
ZN

: YD

> QQ WZ i
LL YY, Z

= WZ <
oS

Portion of mature Frond—upper side.

ASPIDIUM LONCHITIS.

Swartz. J. E. Smita. Hooker anp ARNOTT. MACKAY.
SCHKUHR. WILLDENOW. SPRENGEL.

PLATE XXII-—-VOL. VE.

Aspidium asperum, Gray.
Polystichum lonchitis, Rotn. Dxraxtn. Bapineron.
s * SowErsy. Newman. Moore.
3 Presi. FEE.
Polypodium lonchitis, Linnzvs. J. E. Smita. Botton.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Lonchitis—Spear-like.

In THE SeEcrion PotysticHuM oF AUTHORS.

Tue “Holly Fern,” or, as it is sometimes called, the “Alpine
Shield Fern,” is a mountain plant, and difficult to cultivate.
It has a range of from about the elevation of one thousand
two hundred to more than three thousand feet. A British
species, found only in Yorkshire on Ingleborough; in the
Lake district; Carnarvonshire; on the mountains of the High-
lands in Scotland; and in Ireland in the counties of Kerry,
Meath, Sligo, Leitrim, and Donegal. It occurs in Iceland,
Lapland, Sweden, Denmark, Russia, Germany, Hungary, Eng-

66 ASPIDIUM LONCHITIS.

land, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, France, Switzerland, Italy,
Spain, Greece, Russian Asia, Kamtschatka, and the Rocky
Mountains in North-west America.

A hardy evergreen species.

Fronds pinnate, of a narrow linear-lanceolate form, and rigid,
the pinne being falcately lanceolate, acute, spinulosely serrate.
Pinnze numerous and undivided, and on the under side have
many small hirsute scales.

Fructification mostly on the upper half of the frond. Sori
large, circular, and crowded, eventually becoming confluent.
Indusium orbicular and membranaceous.

Stipes short, varying from half-an-inch to three inches in
length, covered with brown chaffy scales. Rachis densely scaly.

Length of frond from six to twenty-four inches, usually from
twelve to fifteen inches; colour deep green above, paler beneath.

Mr. Wollaston describes two varieties :—

Multifidum, having the apex divided. Not constant in cul-
tivation.

Proliferum, producing small bulbils in the axils of the lower-
most pinne.

For plants of this species I am indebted to Mr. Clapham,
of Scarbro’, and to Miss Barker, of Beeston; and for fronds
to Mr. J. Pearson, of Chilwell.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Pearson, of Chilwell,
Young, of Taunton; Bass and Brown, of Sudbury; A. Hen-
derson, of Pine-apple Place; E. G. Henderson, of St. John’s
Wood; Rollisson, of Tooting; Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Veitch,
of Chelsea; Stansfield, of Todmorden; and Kennedy, of Covent
Garden.

The specimens for illustration were kindly given me by Mr.
John Pearson, of Chilwell.

bien ar
AA

\¢

\

ae

\

ae
; f

fa

IPINN

R

4+

Wir

4

ae
vi

rJU LAE

G

TTT

iy

e
a4)

yi! va he 29
Bee bhi

Portion of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM ANGULARE.

KirarbeLt. J. E: Smita. Sowersy. MAcKAY.
HooKER AND ARNOTT.

PLATES XXIII AND XXI1V.—VOL. VI.

Polystichum angulare, Presn. Sowerby. Moors.
= ee Frere. Deraxtn. Baprneton.
oF s NEWMAN.
¢ aculeatum, Gray. FEE.
es Braunii, Fre.

Aspidium aculeatum, Konze. Smits. J)o6rt.
Braunii, SPENNER.
rs hastulatum, TENORE.

re ee setiferum, Forskat.

appendiculatum, HorrMann, (not Swartz.)
‘i angulare, Fries. Manrissa.
f aculeatum, Hopson.

Hypopeltis lobulata, Bory.

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Angulare—An angle.

In THE Section PotysticHum oF AUTHORS.

An exceedingly beautiful species, growing in shady wooded
localities, tolerably abundant throughout England, Wales, and

68 ASPIDIUM ANGULARE.

Ireland. Rare in Scotland. It is known as the “Soft Prickly
Shield Fern.”

A hardy species, easily cultivated.

Closely allied to Aspidium aculeatum, but having characters
sufficiently distinct to keep them divided.

Found in Sweden, Norway, Scotland, Ireland, England,
Wales, Jersey, Germany, France, Belgium, Spain, Italy, Greece,
Coast of the Black Sea, Asia, India, Madeira, Canary Islands,
Azores, Abyssinia, African Coast of the Mediterranean, Natal,
United States, Sitka, Guatemala, Mexico, Caraccas, and New
Granada.

Fronds bipinnate or tripinnate, with numerous nearly linear
pinne, broadest at the base, and tapering gradually to the
apex; alternate. Pinnules ovate-falcate, with an anterior auricle,
serrated deeply on the margins. Beneath the pinnules there
are hair-like scales. Veins two or three times branched.

Length of frond from two to five feet; width from seven to
ten inches; brilliant green above, paler beneath.

Fronds spreading, and arranged in a circlet around the
crown.

Stipes from four to eight inches long, densely scaly. Rachis
prominent, slightly channeled above, and rounded beneath, and
covered with hair-like scales.

Sori small, numerous, circular, indusiate, occupying the upper
two-thirds of the frond. Indusium orbicular, membranaceous.

There are many varieties of A. angulare. The following are
enumerated in Mr. Moore’s excellent work, “The WNature-
printed Ferns:”’—

1.—Hastulatum, Moore. Found near St. Martha’s Hill,
Surrey. It is known by the small size of the acute pinnules,
and their distinct and slender footstalks.

2.—Acutum, Wollaston. Found in Sussex and Hampshire.
Pinnules rather longer than in Hastulatum, narrow, falcate, and
strongly auricled. It approaches the normal form of A. aculeatum.

3.—Aristatum, Wollaston. Found in Sussex by Mr. Wol-
laston. The points of the serratures are aristate, and the long
hair-like points give the plant a bristly appearance. It bears
bulbils on the stipes.

4.—Multifidum, Wollaston. Apex of frond tufted, and the

pinne sometimes divided.

ASPIDIUM ANGULARE. 69

5.—Proliferum, Wollaston. Found at Wimbledon, by Mr.
Choules, and near Ottery, St. Mary, Devonshire, by Mr. Wollas-
ton. Known in cultivation as Angustatum. Proliferous, bearing
bulbils at the point of junction of the pinne with the rachis, and
occasionally in the axils of the pinnules. ‘Tripinnate, pinnules
narrow and attenuated, and conspicuously stalked, deeply cleft,
and lobes widely separated. Very handsome.

6.—Depauperatum, Wollaston. Found by Dr. Kinahan, in
Ireland. Fronds frequently mere skeletons; it occasionally pro-
duces bulbils.

7.—Intermedium, Wollaston. Found near St. Mary’s Cray,
Kent, by Mr. Robert Sim. It very closely resembles A.
aculeatum.

8.—Premorsum, Allchin. Found in Ireland, by Dr. Allchin.
Dwarf, pinne laciniate and irregular.

9.—Dissimile, Moore. Found in Kent, by Mrs. Delves.
Pinne irregular.

10.—Irregulare, Moore. Found near Nettlecombe, Somer-
setshire, by Mr. Elworthy, gardener to Sir W. C. Trevelyan,
Bart. Pinne very irregular. The lower pinne have unequally
inciso-lobate pinnules.

11.—Biserratum, Moore. Found near Brentford, by Mr. S.
F. Gray; also common in Jersey. Long stipes. A lax form,
with large broad pinnule, inciso-serrate: all but the anterior
lobe biserrate and aristate.

12.—Alatum, Moore. Found in Somersetshire, by Mrs. A.
Thompson. Pinnules connected by a wing on both sides the
secondary rachides, on which they are decurrent. Pinnules
more tapering.

13.—Imbricatum, Moore. Distinct and graceful. Frond two
feet in length, linear-lanceolate, in habit resembling <A. lobatum.
Pinnz short; apices blunt; pinnules crowded, blunt, and im-
bricated. A bulbil is found on the larger fronds, on the stipes
beneath the soil, and therefore each large frond is accompanied
by a small one. Found in Somersetshire, by Mr. Elworthy.

14.—Incisum, Wollaston. Discovered in Sussex, by Mr.
Wollaston and Dr. Allchin. Grows four feet in length. Pin-
nules very dissimilar in size and shape.

15--—Subtripinnatum, Moore. Lower pinnules very deeply
pinnatifid. A common variety.

VOL. VI. L

70 ASPIDIUM ANGULARE.

16.—Tripinnatum, Moore. The present Fern the author re-
ceived as a seedling plant from Mr. R. T. Millet, of Penzance.
Mr. Moore, in his “‘Nature-printed Ferns,” says of it, “This
very beautiful and peculiar variety has been called Tripinnatum,
in contrast with the Subtripinnatum, in consequence of its
basal anterior pinnules being much more distinctly pinnate,
though the plant is on the whole less divided than the Devon
form of the variety Proliferum, or the Irish variety Decompositum.
The most remarkable peculiarity is the unusual elongation of
the anterior basal pinnules, and their truly pinnate character;
the little pinnulets being distinctly stalked. The other pinnules
are highly developed, though less so than the basal one, and
they are crowded and imbricated. It is profuse in the production
of sori, and thickly covered with subulate scales. It was found
in Cornwall by Mr. Millet, and was first made known to cul-
tivators by Mr. KE. J. Lowe. It is a very marked aberration
from the normal form, and appears to be very rare.” Another
character of this Fern, not visible in a dried frond forwarded
to Mr. Moore, is strikingly exhibited in the growing plant;
the pinne, instead of being flat, and lying in the same plane
with the stipes and rachis, are almost at right-angles to this
line, lying in a horizontal position above each other,—Plate
XXIV.

17.—Decompositum, Moore. This beautiful variety is by far
the most compound or divided form. An Irish Fern, cultivated
in the Glasnevin Botanic Gardens.

For a more lengthy description the reader is referred to
Mr. Moore’s “Nature-printed Ferns.”

I have procured this species wild at Matlock; Chaigeley,
Lancashire; and at Ambleside. For plants from Cornwall I
am indebted to Mr. R. T. Millett, of Penzance. Sir Oswald
Mosley, Bart., has sent me specimens of several varieties; Mr.
R. T. Millett the beautiful variety Zyrzpinnatum, (of which a
coloured plate is here given;) Messrs. Rollisson the variety
Proliferum. For fronds I am indebted to Mrs. Delves, of Tun-
bridge Wells; Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting; Sir Oswald Mosley;
Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray; and Mr. Norman, of Hull.

This species can be procured of any Nurseryman. The
following varieties are in the aftermentioned Catalogues:—

Subtripinnatum, Proliferum, Imbricatum, Dissimile, and Inter-

ASPIDIUM ANGULARE. Mok

medium, R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray. Sudbtripinnatum and Proliferum,
Kennedy, of Covent Garden. Angustatum, Biserratum, and
Proliferum, Veitch, of Chelsea. Proliferum, A. Henderson, of
Pine-apple Place. Aristatum, Stansfield, of ‘Todmorden. Pyro-
hferum, Young, of Taunton.

The illustrations are from plants in my own collection.

Variety Tripinnatum. Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

Variety Proliferum.

4%
t

Ane i i aor ia
a wedi ave f

aN Roxy Lhe ; ie a
= >
rs

Portion of Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM PUBESCENS.

SWARTZ. SPRENGEL. FEE.

PLATE XXV." VOL. VI.

Lastrea pubescens, Presi. J. SMiru.
Say 2 Moors anp Hovtston.
Polypodium pubescens, Linnzvs.
Nephrodium a HooxkEeR anD GREVILLE.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Pubescens—Downy.

In THE SecTion LastreA oF AUTHORS.

Aspidium pubescens is often confused in gardens with the A.
decompositum, which is a similar-looking species, although
destitute of that downy character so conspicuously shewn in
the A. pubescens.

A handsome evergreen stove species, capable of being grown
VOL. VE. M

44 ASPIDIUM PUBESCENS.

into a splendid specimen, and requiring no particular care in
its cultivation.

Native of Jamaica.

Fronds deltoid, pubescent, sub-tripinnate; pinnules oblong-
linear; segments sharply toothed, largest on the superior side.

Stipes covered with scales of a brown colour, being most
crowded near the base; lateral, adherent to a slender, creeping,
scaly rhizoma.

Sori medial, at first very pale straw-coloured.

Length twelve inches.

For plants I am indebted to Messrs. Booth and Son, of
Hamburg.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Sim, of Foot’s Cray;
Veitch, of Chelsea; Rollisson, of Tooting; Masters, of Canter-
bury; Booth and Son, of Hamburg; Stansfield, of Todmorden;
and Cooling, of Derby.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

ASS El Dl Unt

<V1—vo.. 6.

\
4

Xx

Pinna——under side.

ASPIDIUM ELONGATUM.

Swarktz. HOOKER AND GREVILLE. FEE.
SPRENGEL. KUNZE.

PLATE XXVI. VOL. VI.

Aspidium oligodonton, DeEsvavx.
Lastrea elongata, Presi. J. SMITH.
e ci Moore anp Hovtston.
Polypodium elongatum, AITON.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Elongatum—Elongated.

Tuts interesting Fern is not very dissimilar to an elongated
form of Aspidium filiz-mas, and may prove hardy in warm
situations.

A greenhouse species.

Native of the island of Madeira, Canary Island, Azores,
and ‘Teneriffe.

Introduced into England in the year 1799.

Fronds glabrous, triangularly elongate in form, sub-tripinnate ;
the pinne triangularly elongate. Pinnules oblong-acute, with
slightly dentate blunt segments. Stipes paleaceous. Terminal,
adherent to a thick, short, creeping rhizoma.

Sori medial.

76 ASPIDIUM ELONGATUM.

Length of frond from two to three feet; colour deep grcen.

For a plant of this species I am indebted to Mr. R. Sim,
of Foot’s Cray.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. A. Henderson, of Pine-
apple Place; Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Stansfield, of Todmorden;
and Booth and Son, of Hamburg.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

—_—eas = ee ee a ae

- . ip). ) arr

Portion of Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM

SMITH.

DILATATUM.

SWARTZ.

PLATE XXVII. VOL. VI.

Lastrea dilatata,

6eé “é

66 6é
Aspidium spinulosum,

66 66

ae erosum,
Lastrea multiflora,
Polypodium dilatatum,

Presi. Linpntey anp Moore.
SmitH. Basineton. SoweErsy.
Moore.

ScHKuUHR. Swartz. WILLDENOW.
HooxKer AND ARNOTT.

ScHKUHR.

Newman. Deakin.

HoFrrMaAnn.

Ze cristatum, Hupson. Horrmann. Bourton.
* multiflorum, Roru.
Polystichum = Rota.
be spinulosum, Dr CANDOLLE.
ce dilatatum, Dr CAaNDOLLE.
Dryopteris dilatata, GRay.
Lophodium multifiorum, NrEwMan.
Lastrea dilatata, Moore. ‘
a multiflora var. ; Variety
Hlaeate, } DEAKIN. Tanacetifolium,

%8 ASPIDIUM DILATATUM.

Aspidium dilatatum, WILLDENOW. )
be rf SPRENGEL. |
spinulosum, ScHKURR. Warieies
erosum, SCHKUHR. \. Tonaectouer
Polypodium tanacetifolium, HorrMann. |
Polystichum Ei DrE CanDOLLE. |
Polypodium aristatum, VILLARs. J
Lastrea multiflora var. nana, Newman. DeEaxin. \
fs dilatata var. nana, Moore. 2 2
Lophodium multifiorum, Ms
var. nana, } Newman.
Aspidium dumetorum, SMITH. |
Lastrea “A Moore. |
ef dilatata var. collina, Moore.
rf “var. maculata, Moor. | Variety
es multiflora var. collina,NEWMAN. \ Dumetorum.
$6 collina, NEWMAN.
cs maculata, DEAKIN. |
Lophodium collinum, NEWMAN. J
Lastrea dilatata var. collina, Moorr. Basineton.
sé multiftora var. collina,NEwMaNn. DEAKIN. Variety.
ce collina, NEWMAN. Collinum.
Lophodium collinum, NEWMAN.
Lastrea Chanteria, Moore. Variety Chanterie.
“ « dilatata, var. angusta,Moorr. Variety Angustum.
ie alpina, Moore. Variety Alpinum.
*< dilatata var. glandulosa,Moore.
“glandulosa, NEWMAN.

Variety Gland :
Lophodium glandulosum, NEWMAN. Vanety, Gla ae

glanduliferum, NEWMAN.

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Dilatatum—Extended.
In THE SEcTION LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

A sPECIES subject to great variety. Aspidium dilatatum,
the “Broad Prickly-toothed Buckler Fern,” is a noble British
species; easily cultivated, and of large growth.

A hardy deciduous Fern, growing in shady situations, and
to be met with almost everywhere. The variety Tanacetifolium
is also common; the other varieties are local.

It is dispersed throughout the whole of Europe, from Lap-
land to Portugal and Spain. In Asia, in Kamtschatka; in

ASPIDIUM DILATATUM. 79

‘Africa, in the Azores; in America, at Sitka, Port Mulgrave,
Canada, and the Rocky Mountains.

The ordinary form is ovate-lanceolate; bipinnate to tripinnate.
Pinnz opposite, numerous, the basal pair obliquely triangular-
elongate; the posterior pinnules considerably larger than the
anterior pinnules. The pinne taper gradually from the base
to the apex. Pinnules ovate-oblong, rather acute, the basal
ones stalked, and the upper pinnules sessile and decurrent,
the lower ones deeply pinnatifid, occasionally pinnate. The
divisions are all sharply dentate, ending in a bDristle-like
point.

Veins forked.

Caudex stout, mostly upright; crown densely scaly.

‘Stipes terminal, from a third to half the length of the
frond; densely scaly.

Fructification occupying the whole of the under side of the
frond. Sori numerous, circular, and indusiate. Indusium
reniform and membranous.

Length from two to six feet, usual size from two to three
feet; breadth from six to sixteen inches. Colour dark green
above, paler beneath.

One of the most difficult species to understand, as in its
different forms it approaches both A. fenisecit and A. spinu-
losum; from the latter it is known by A. spinulosum having
a creeping caudex, the few broad pallid scales of its stipes, and
by the indusium being entire.

The form Tanacetifolium, or “Tansy-leaved prickly-toothed
Buckler Fern,” is tripinnate, with broad fronds; stipes having
numerous entire dark brown scales, with a darker bar down
the centre; lanceolate in form.

The form Nanum, or “Dwarf prickly-toothed Buckler Fern,”
from Settle.and Ilfracombe, is always dwarf, varying from two to
ten inches in length.

The form Dumetorum, or “Thicket prickly-toothed Buckler
Fern,” is also dwarf, with broad. frond, having large abundant
fructification, and is remarkable for the glandular surface of
the fronds.

The form Collinum, the “Hill prickly-toothed Buckler Fern,”
known also as ‘‘Pinder’s Fern,” has the pinne distant and
spreading.

80 ASPIDIUM DILATATUM.

The form Chanterre, “Mrs. Chanter’s prickly-toothed Buckler
Fern,” differs in the narrowed form and attenuated apex of its
fronds.

The form <Angustatum, the “Linear prickly-toothed Buckler
Fern,’ has narrow lanceolate bipinnate fronds. It very closely
approaches A. spinulosum.

The form Alpinum, the “Alpine prickly-toothed Buckler
Fern,” another form approaching A. spinulosum; common on
Ben Lawers.

The form Glandulosum, the “Glandular prickly-toothed Buck-
ler Fern,” is large and erect in habit.

It would be impossible to describe the endless variety of this
very variable species. Mr. Moore, in his ““Nature-printed Ferns,”
gives the following as the most distinct of the varieties of
A. dilatatum, (the Lastrea dilatata of most authors.)

1.— Multifida, Wollaston. Rachis divided low down, so as
to make two fronds on one stipes. Not constant in cultivation.

2.—Tanacetifolia, Moore. Broad tripinnate triangular frond.

3.—Pumila, Moore. Small sub-deltoid bipinnate variety,
with pallid scales. A local Fern from Hampstead, Dumbarton-
shire, Carnarvonshire, Bute, and mountains of Dublin and
Wicklow. —

4.—Deltoidea, Moore-—An elegant variety, with deltoid
tripinnate finely-cut fronds. Found in Devonshire, by the
Rev. J. M. Chanter. |

5.—Fuscipes, Moore. Fronds nearly as broad as long, tripin-
nate, the points of the fronds and pinne caudate. Found in
Guernsey, by Mr. G. Wolsey.

6.—Micromera, Moore. Finely divided, though small it is
almost quadripinnate. Found near Ilfracombe, by the Rev. J.
M. Chanter.

7.—Nana, Newman. Fronds ovate, bipinnate, and very
dwarf. From Settle and Ilfracombe.

8.—Dumetorum, Moore. Dwarf, fronds ovate; stipes and
rachis clothed with glands, as well as the under side of the
frond.

9.—Collina, Newman. Somewhat similar to Dumetorum, but
almost destitute of the glands so conspicuous in that variety.

10.—Smithii, Moore. An Irish plant, somewhat related to
Collina.

ASPIDIUM DILATATUM. 81

11.—Chanterie, Moore. Erect, with the pinne twisted up-
wards.

12.—Distans, Moore. Larger than Chanterie, but somewhat
allied to that variety. Found at Coombe Wood, Surrey, by
Mr, S. F. Gray.

13.—Obtusa, Moore. A distinct variety, with narrow ovate
fronds, having oblong-obtuse, shallow, lobed pinnules. From
Middlesex, Surrey, Devonshire, and Argyleshire.

14.—Angustz, Moore. Linear fronds with a long stipes half
the length of the whole frond. Found near Tunbridge Wells,
by Miss Bower, and since in Devonshire and Argyleshire.

15.— Alpina, Moore. Narrow ascending pinne. From Ben
Lawers.

16.—Glandulosa, Newman. A glandular form, erect in habit.

17.—Valda, Moore. A stout, leathery, erect, broad frond,
from Devonshire and Guernsey.

18.—Schofieldii, Stansfield. Grows from three to four inches
high, and is somewhat analogous to the variety Crispum, of
Asplenum filixz-femina.

For further particulars of these varieties, the reader is referred
to the excellent account in Lindley and Moore’s “‘Nature-printed
Ferns.”

My thanks are due to Mr. Wollaston, of Chisselhurst, for a
plant of the variety Collina.

The species is common enough to be procured anywhere.
The varieties Nana, Collina, Dumetorum, and Schofield, can
be procured of Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

VOL. VI. N

0.

Portion of Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM GOLDIANUM.

Free. LINK.

| PEATE XXVUlL. VOL! Vi-

|
Aspidium Goldieanun, Hooxer. Kunze.
| Lastrea Goldiana, Presi. J. SMITH.
| a ca Moore anp Hovtston.
h Nephrodium Goldianum, Hooker anD GREVILLE.
i|

Aspidium—tThe Shield Fern. Goldianum—Goldin’s.

In THE SECTION LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

| A Fine Fern, deserving more general cultivation.
! Aspidium Goldianum is a native of North America.

A hardy deciduous species.

The fronds are broadly lanceolate in form, sub-bipinnate;
the pinne being broadly lanceolate. Pinnules linéar-oblong,
somewhat blunt at the apex. Those near the base distant, the
upper ones confluent. Margin crenate.

84 ASPIDIUM GOLDIANUM.

Stipes and rachis scaly. Fronds terminal, adherent round
the crown of a tufted rhizoma.

Sori medial.

Length of frond from twelve to thirty inches; colour pale
yellowish green.

For plants I am indebted to Mr. Henderson, of Wentworth;
and to Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Sim, of Foot’s Cray;
Rollisson, of ‘Tooting; Kennedy, of Covent Garden; Young,
of Taunton; and A. Henderson, of Pine-apple Place.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM TRIFOLIATUM.

Swartz. Scukunr. Hooker. ScHott. J. SMITH.
Kunze. WILLDENOW. PLUMIER. .MOORE AND HOULSTON.

REALE SALE. VOL. VI;

Polypodium trifoliatum, Linnazvus. Jacquin.

Bathium Fer. Linx.

Aspidium heracleifolium, WiLLDENowW. PLUMIER.

Polypodium Pica, Potret.

Aspidium = DeEsvavx.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Trifoliatum—Three-leaved.

Wuen well grown this Fern is a magnificent species, its
bold-looking fronds and gigantic fructification must always place
it amongst the most conspicuous of our favourite Ferns.

A stove evergreen species.

Native of the West Indies and Tropical America, Jamaica,
and St. Domingo.

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in the year 1769.

Fronds glabrous, pinnate, somewhat erect in habit. The

S6 ASPIDIUM TRIFOLIATUM.

inferior pinne petiolate, in form nearly triangular trilobate; base
cordate; lobes acuminate; centre one largest. Margin bluntly
crenate. Superior pinne oblong-acuminate, petiolate, base
cordate-auriculate; terminal one triangular, sinuately-pinnatifid;
segments acuminate; lower ones longest.

Fronds fertile throughout. Stipes dark brown in colour,
having a few scattered scales near the base.

Sori circular. Indusium peltate.

Length from twelve to eighteen inches; colour pale green.

My thanks are due to Mr. Stratton, Curator of the Cambridge
Botanic Gardens; and to Mr. Clarke, Curator of the Royal
Gardens, Glasgow; for plants of this species.

It may be procured from the following Nurserymen: Booth
and Sons, of Hamburg; Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Veitch, Jun., of
Chelsea; Rollisson, of Tooting; Kennedy, of Covent Garden;
Stansfield, of Todmorden; E. G. Henderson, of St. John’s Wood;
and A. Henderson, of Pine-apple Place.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

MOLLE.

DIUM

—
>
|

x
HB

°

)

VOT. G

Vv
A ae

XX

a

aL aa nD)

LD TZ Z Le g LD, 1 tn Kile KBE

be (Gel EG GE es BE EF CLES és Ms & (GBM LLL GZ

MIMI I RE I ee he ok
xe ¥ f - we

PF 6B x Ve:
Va) (Pa (is! (S2/ (22), y
> ~ Se FY, < rs G og) se <2 /@ l
3 g 5 | aaa S 4 S ip §

CASA Ma (ae

4h (EF 2/(S/E| f'

, FSS LVS Ral

eggs
ex

a
ANE i AN x = : Qe
SEAS EA\SR VEINS a \\ fas 2h : a | Wein tat
NaN \ea\en \ FS NSA VE \\ SEAN EOL ROS RCE ARG
Ara Ra ‘ex 4 Ves AGN KN \ Y Be) \R &) Cae oN OS :
Nay ‘SS YAN XEN Sy SRY “IS

NS a NGS
aN Soe WN

Pinna of mature Frond——under side.

ASPIDIUM MOLLE.

Swartz. KUNZE. LINK. WILLDENOW. SCHKUHR.
RADDI. SPRENGEL.

PLATE XXX. VOL. VI.

Aspidium violascens, Line.

Nephrodium molle, R. Brown. Scuorr. J. Situ.
. Fre. Moore anp Hovtston.
i. oe PRESL.
ca pubescens, Don.

Polypodium Se JACQUIN.
re nymphale, ScHKUHR. FORSTER.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Molle—Soft.

In THE SEcTION NEPHRODIUM OF AUTHORS.

ALTHOUGH a very common, still a very desirable free-growing
species, and well adapted for cultivating as a specimen. In a
greenhouse or stove there can scarcely be a greater weed than
Nephrodium molle, as it is so readily propagated from spores.

Introduced into England in the year 1820.

A stove or warm greenhouse species, from Tropical America,
Brazil, Rio de Janerio, Mauritius, and Mexico.

Fronds lanceolate and pubescent; the pinne being linear-

88 ASPIDIUM MOLLE.

oblong, acuminate, pinnatifid, and petiolulate. The segments
linear-oblong obtuse, being largest next the rachis. ‘Terminal,
adherent to a thick somewhat creeping rhizoma.

Stipes slightly scaly near the base.

Indusium very hairy, and pale violet in colour.

Length of frond from twelve to thirty inches.

For plants my thanks are due to Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart.,
of Rolleston Hall; Mr. F. Wright, of Osmaston Manor; Mr.
Stewart, gardener to Lord Vernon; Mr. Ingram, gardener to
the Duke of Rutland; and to Mr. Cooling, of Derby.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. A. Henderson, of Pine- —
apple Place; Stansfield and Son, of Todmorden; Kennedy, of
Covent Garden; Bass and Brown, of Sudbury; Masters, of
Canterbury; Rollisson, of Tooting; Cooling, of Derby; Sim, of
Foot’s Cray; and Veitch, of Chelsea.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

Hoe 5 ei Pe fee
oP

Ge fy ENG ads ERY) tyey; Ger
Vay Wes a
le a ees

RS

Pinna of mature Frond—under side,

ASPIDIUM THELYPTEROIDES.

SWARTZ.

EAE OO LoS) VO Wl,
Aspidium noveboracense, Link. Swartz. WILLDENOoW.
% eC Scuxuue. Kunze.
<._ pumillum, OF GARDENS,
Nephrodium thelypteroides, MicHavx.
Polypodium noveboracense, LInNEUvS.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Thelypteroides—............ P

In THE Section LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

THE present species, although more dwarf in habit than
Aspidium thelypteris, still in all its characters it so nearly
approaches A. thelypteris of Swartz, and A. pumillum of Gar-
dens, that I have hesitated in placing it as distinct from that
species; the illustration, however, is given as a guide to the
cultivator.

A North American Fern, and in all probability only a variety
of our British A. thelypteris.

For a plant I am indebted to Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray.

There appear to be two forms in North America, the one
known as Lastrea noveboracense, and the other as L. thelypter-
ovdes ; the former differs in a slight degree in having its creeping
VOL, VI. O

90 ASPIDIUM THELYPTEROIDES.

rhizoma ‘creeping above the ground,” and in being more
compact in its growth.

Both forms are in the Catalogues of Mr. R. Sim, of Foot’s
Cray; Rollisson, of Tooting; Kennedy, of Covent Garden; and
Booth and Son, of Hamburg.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

Portion of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM MUCRONATUM.

SWARTZ. SCHKUHR. KUNZE. SPRENGEL. SLOAN.

PAE xe —— Be | VOL. VI.

Polystichum mucronatum, Presi. J. Smitu. Fes.
ee ee Moorz anp Hovtston.
Nephrodium Sloane, PRESL.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Mucronatum—Sharp-pointed.

In THE SEcTION POLYSTICHUM OF AUTHORS.

A tovety dwarf, close-growing, evergreen, scarce species;
seldom to be met with in private collections. Easily cultivated.

A stove Fern. |

Native of Jamaica.

Introduced into England in the year 1838.

Fronds pinnate, linear-lanceolate in form; pinne petiolate,
oblong-ovate, mucronate; lower ones sub-hastate; superior base
auriculate; inferior base obliquely wedge-shaped; margin serrate,
with long spiny teeth.

92 ASPIDIUM MUCRONATUM.

Rachis and stipes chaffy. Terminal, adherent to a tufted

rhizoma.
Sori bold.
Length of frond twelve inches; colour deep shining green.
For plants I am indebted to Mr. J. Smith, Curator of the
Royal Gardens, Kew; and to Mr. Pass, gardener to Mr. Brockle-
hurst, of the Fence, near Macclesfield.
It is in the Catalogue of Mr. R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray, Kent.
The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

ELLUM.

Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM GLABELLUM.

ERATE XXXIV. VOL. WLI.

Lastrea glabella, J. SmitH. Moorrt anp Hovtston.
Nephrodium glabellum, A. CUNNINGHAM.

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Glabellum—Smoothish.

In THE SEcTION LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

AN interesting, pretty, dwarf, delicate Fern; rather rare in
cultivation.

An evergreen warm greenhouse species.

Native of New Zealand.

The fronds are glabrous, triangularly-elongate in shape, sub-
tripinnate; the pinne being triangularly-elongate; the pinnules
oblong-linear, pinnatifid; the basal pinnules entire; upper ones
confluent, having toothed segments.

Stipes having a few scales near the base. Terminal, adherent
to a tufted rhizoma. )

Sori medial.

Length of frond twelve inches; colour pale green.

94 ASPIDIUM GLABELLUM.

For a plant of this "species I am indebted to Mr. R.
of Foot’s Cray. a .

It may be procured of Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting, and ‘
Sim, of Foot’s Cray.

The illustration is from a plant j in my own collection.

fi, \
i
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Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM DECOMPOSITUM.

Kunze. FEEs.

PLATE XXXUE. VOL. VI.

Lastrea decomposita, J. Smitrn. Moorr & Hovtston.
Nephrodium decompositum, R. Brown.

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Decompositum—Decomposed.

In THE Section LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

A SOMEWHAT similar-looking species to the Aspidium pubescens
of Swartz, without the pubescence which is so conspicuous in
that species.

An evergreen warm greenhouse Fern.

Native of New Holland.

Fronds cuneate in form, in some degree membranous, deltoid,
and tripinnate; pinnules oblong, inciso-pinnatifid, with dentate
segments.

Rachis and midrib of pinne pubescent.

Stipes scattered over with small dark brown scales.

Fronds lateral, adherent to a creeping rhizoma.

Length of frond from eighteen to twenty-four inches; colour
light green

Sori medial.

VOI.’ VI. P

96 ASPIDIUM DECOMPOSITUM.

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, by Mr. A. Cun-
ningham, in the year 1825.

For plants of this species I am indebted to Mr. R. Sim,

I of Foot’s Cray, and to Messrs. Booth, of Hamburg; and for
| | fronds to Mr. J. Henderson, of Wentworth.
i It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Sim, of Foot’s Cray; E.
G. Henderson, of St. John’s Wood; Veitch, of Chelsea; A.
Henderson, of Pine-apple Place; Kennedy, of Covent Garden;
| Cooling, of Derby; Booth, of Hamburg; and Stansfield, of
| Todmorden.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

—— + eo

|

Pinna of mature fertile Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM PODOPHYLLUM.

HOOKER.

PLATES XXXIV AND XXXV. VOL. VI.

Aspidium Sieboldi, Van Hovurte. Merten.
Lastrea podophylla, J. SMITH.

Pycnopteris Sieboldi, "Moors.

Lastrea a Moore.

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Podophyllum—Foot-stalk leaved.
(From the circumstance that the basal pinne have foot-stalks.)

In THE Section LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

A veky handsome and distinct Fern, having fertile fronds
different to the barren fronds.

An evergreen greenhouse species, at least usually considered
as such, but said to be hardy enough in our English climate,
having survived the winter of 1854-5 in the open air.

Native of Japan, and China, (in the neighbourhood of Hong-
Kong.) 3

The fronds, which are leathery in consistency, are pinnate,

98 ASPIDIUM PODOPHYLLUM.

broad, smooth, and having very few thick pinne, usually seven,
obliquely oblong-lanceolate, faleate, and being serrulate irregu-
larly; the lowest stalked, and unequally cordate at the base;
the upper pinne sessile and decurrent.

The pinne of the barren fronds are somewhat undulated.
The stipes exceedingly stout at the base, where it is covered
with long, narrow, pointed scales.

In the fertile fronds, which are entirely covered with sori,
the stipes is longer, and the pinne are more contracted.

Sori very large and numerous, being a large mass of elevated
spore-cases irregularly bi-tri-serial, at first pale green, and
afterwards black.

Veins having club-shaped apices.

Rhizoma erect.

Introduced into Great Britain by M. Van Houtte, of Ghent,
in 1852.

This species was discovered in China, by Dr. Von Siebold.

Stipes scaly below, ebeneous, except along the under edge,
where green.

Fronds adherent to a broad rhizoma.

Length of frond from twelve to fifteen inches, the leafy
portion being as broad as it is long. Breadth of barren pinne
one inch and three-quarters; of fertile pinne an inch. Length
of stipes of barren frond from three to four inches, and of
fertile frond five inches.

Colour of frond a dull green, paler beneath.

Aspidium podophyllum has the venation of a Polystichum, and
the fructification of a Lastrea.

My thanks are due to Mr. Joseph Henderson, of Wentworth;
and to Mr. Stansfield, of ‘Todmorden, for plants of this species;
and to Messrs. Veitch, Jun., of Chelsea; Mr. J. Henderson,
of Wentworth; Mr. G. Norman, of Hull; Mr. J. W. Jeans,
of Grantham; and to M. Schott, Director of the Imperial Gar-
dens of Vienna, for fronds.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea; E. G.
Henderson, of St. John’s Wood; A. Henderson, of Pine-apple
Place; Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Rollisson, of Tooting; Masters, of
_Canterbury; Booth, of Hamburg; Cooling, of Derby; Young,
“of Taunton; and Stansfield, of Todmorden.

The illustrations are from a plant in my own collection.

it. oA ae

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a
vhf dial
fia

ye

pi (Aaa a
ere te
dvs Mid yi)?

—_
—
or

Portion of Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM CORIACEUM.

LOWE.

PLATE XXXVI. VOL. VI.

| Polystichum coriaceum, J. SMITH.

| “ flexum, Or Sim’s CaTALoGueE.
| Aspidiwm—The Shield Fern. Coriaceum—Leathery.
: In THE SeEcTion PotysticHuM oF AUTHORS.

| A NOBLE evergreen species, only to be found in the larger
} collections.
| A very dissimilar Fern has been for some years under culti-

vation, bearing the above name, and which is the Aspediwm
coriaceum of Swartz.

100 ASPIDIUM CORIACEUM.

A warm greenhouse or stove Fern.

Native of the south of Africa—Cape of Good Hope.

Fronds triangular in form, spreading, erect in habit, stout,
dull green, tripinnate; pinnules pinnatifid and slightly recurved.

Stipes and rachis everywhere hirsute, with broad dark scales
scattered here and there, darker and larger near the base.
Stipes very stout. ,

Rhizoma densely scaly, and creeping.

Sori copious, occupying the whole frond, smaller than in
A. capense.

Length of frond thirty-six inches; width at base about twenty
inches. Stipes sixteen inches in length.

For a plant and fronds of this Fern 1 am indebted to Mr.
R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray.

It may be procured of Mr. R. Sim.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

H Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

: ASPIDIUM VILLOSUM.
| Swartz. Scukuwr. Kunze. Fer. PETIVER. SLOAN.

| PLATE XXXVII.

| Lastrea villosa, Presi. J, Smita.

' = * Moorrt anp Hovtston.
| Polypodium villosum, Swartz. PLomier.

I

i Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Villosum—Hairy.

i}

In tHE Section LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

Tuis giant Fern of the section Lastrea is a noble species when
well grown.
An evergreen stove species.
Native of the West Indies, Jamaica, and Caribbee.
Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1844, by Mr.
N. Wilson.
{ Fronds triangularly elongate, tri-quadripinnate; pinnules ob-
long-linear, rather obtuse, deeply pinnatifid; segments oblong,
| apex circular.
| Fronds very hairy, terminal, adherent to an arborescent caudex.
| Rachis and stipes completely covered with narrow fringed scales.
VOL. VL Q

raw, mw) Wie oa

i

Hi 102 ASPIDIUM VILLOSUM.

Hi

| Length of frond from ten to twelve feet; colour pale green.
il | Sori medial

|. Indusium glandulose.

| | For fronds of this Fern I am indebted to Messrs. Veitch,
i) Jun., of the Exotic Nursery, Chelsea.

| It may be procured of Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea; A. Hen-

derson, of Pine-apple Place; and Kennedy, of Covent Garden.
The illustration is from a frond sent by Messrs. Veitch.

a <

maine s | tas! eee
ial ae vied =

I = — — > SS ——————— eeeeeeEeeEeEeEeEeEeEeeeeee
= = —- — - — SS
SS ee SS Se a eS Se — = ae a —— = ee, . EE i

foacys icc:

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ene y
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Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM VESTITUM.

Swartz. ScHKUHR. Kunze. KAvLFuss,
not of SIEBER, nor of WILLDENOW.

PLATE XXXVIII.

Polystichum vestitum, Preszt. J. SMITH.
5 Moore anp Hottston. FEE.
Polypodium =“ Forster, not of Rapp.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Vestitum—Clothed.

In THE SEcTION PoLysTICHUM OF AUTHORS.

THIs most interesting species is not generally cultivated,
except in our best collections. It has a more dwarf growth
than most of the species in the section Polystichum, and makes
a very pretty specimen plant.

An evergreen greenhouse species.

Native of New Zealand, Tasmania, (Van Diemen’s Land,)
New Holland, and Chili.

The present species must not be confounded with the Lastrea
vestita of J. Smith, nor with the Polystichum proliferum of
Presl: it is not unlike the latter, except in being more rigid,

104 ASPIDIUM VESTITUM.

having a much longer stipes, and not being viviparous at the
apex.

Fronds rigid, bipinnate, almost lanceolate in form, having
oblong-acute pinne, with rather ovate pinnules, in some degree
auriculate; base wedge-shaped, only one or two pairs are distinct,
the remainder being confluent, with a sharp mucronate tooth
on the apex.

Fronds terminal, adherent to a tufted rhizoma, the lower half
of the frond naked.

Rachis and stipes densely clothed with narrow scales.

Length of frond from twelve to eighteen inches; colour rich
dark green.

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in the year 1842,
having been received from Mr. J. Edgerley.

My obligations are due to Mr. J. Henderson, of Wentworth,
for fronds of this species.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Sim, of Foot’s Cray; and
Kennedy, of Covent Garden.

The illustration is from a frond sent by Mr. Joseph Henderson.

SS ee ee en ea
— — ee aa nc a ET -
a ee eee

Portion of Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM CONIIFOLIUM.

WaALLICH. KUNZE.

PLATE XXXIX. VOL. VI.

Aspidium carvifolium, | Kunze.

Polystichum coniifolium, Prest. J.Smire. FE. |
“ Moore anp Hovtston. |
ne aristatum, Or GARDENS.

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Coniifolium—Hemlock-leaved.

In THE SEcTION POLYSTICHUM OF AUTHORS.

ANOTHER very beautiful Fern, well worthy a place in every |
collection. |

An evergreen stove species.

Native of the East Indies, the Island of Ceylon, and the
Philippine Islands.

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1841, by Mr.
G. Gardner.

Fronds deltoid, tri-quadripinnate; the pinnules oblong-ovate,
acute, pinnatifid; base cuneate, the margin having spinose-
mucronate teeth. ‘The basal pinnules very large.

106 ASPIDIUM CONIIFOLIUM.

Stipes fifteen inches in length, circular, very hirsute, with
brown hairs, which are considerably longer near the base.

Sori large, very copious, eventually becoming confluent,
covering the whole under side of the frond, almost touching
each other before shedding the indusium; at first white, and
when mature reddish brown. |

Indusium reniform; the entire frond covered beneath with
sori. |

Fronds lateral, adherent to a small creeping rhizoma.

Length of frond thirty inches; width at the base fourteen
inches; colour deep shining green.

My thanks are due to Mr. R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Mr. J.
Smith, of the Royal Gardens, Kew; and to Messrs. E. G.
Henderson, for plants of this species; and to Mr. G. Norman,
of Hull, for fronds.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Sim, of Foot’s Cray;
E. G. Henderson, of St. John’s Wood; Rollisson, of ‘Tooting;
Veitch, of Chelsea; and Kennedy, of Covent Garden.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

X1j~VoL. 6.

Portion of Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM CAPENSE.

SWARTZ. WILLDENOW.

PEALE AL. VOL. Wis

Tectaria coriacea, Linx.
7s Calahuala, CaVANILLES.
Polystichum coriaceum, Rotn. J.Smirn. Fes.
% f ScHott. PrEstu.
a capense, J. SmitH. Moore anp Hovutrston.
Rumohra aspidioides, Rapopt.
Aspidium eoriaceum, SwarTz. Scuxupnr. Kunze.
ci ts . LANGSDORFF AND FIscHER.
Es es Kaunruss. Sprencet. R. Brown.
ee macroporum, Bory.
“ discolor, LANGSDORFF AND FISCHER.
Polypodium argentatum, J ACQUIN.
ie coriaceum, SWARTZ.
Polypodium adiantiforme, ForRsSTER.
a politum, DerEsvavx.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Capense—Cape.

In THE Section Po.ysTicHuM or AUTHORS.

A WELL-KNowN large-growing Fern, with a drooping habit,

108 ASPIDIUM CAPENSE.

and not unfrequently found in our English collections under
the name of Polystichum coriaceum, yet very different from the
species figured on Plate XXXVI., and which appears to be
the true plant of Willdenow.

An evergreen stove species.

Native of the Mauritius, the Cape of Good Hope, Jamaica,
Brazil, Chili, New Holland, and New Zealand.

Fronds glabrous, deltoid, tripinnate; pinnules oblong-lanceo-
late-acute, pinnatifid, wedge-shaped at the base, and have obtuse
dentate segments.

Fronds lateral, adherent to a decumbent, stout, densely scaly,
coespitose rhizoma.

Length of frond from thirty to forty inches; colour deep green.

Sori large. Indusium reniform.

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1823, by Mr.
J. Bowie.

My thanks are due to Captain Legard, of Kirby Misperton,
Yorkshire, and to Mrs. Delves, of Tunbridge Wells, for plants
of this species.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Sim, of Foot’s Cray; E. G.
Henderson, of St. John’s Wood; Rollisson, of Tooting; A.
Henderson, of Pine-apple Place; Veitch, Jun., of Chelsea;
Cooling, of Derby; Booth and Son, of Hamburg; Masters, of
Canterbury; Kennedy, of Covent Garden; and Stansfield, of
Todmorden. )

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

FROND.

Our

SPINULOSUM.—PORTION

STV ome:

yy Seat SNS)
SPINS SCLIN
DK TT RSAO 7) SO
Sav SY LYS ——
WEP RoR EY
SW Sas HO SON LO
SS ; LRYZS WES ap
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———- OTe
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See NS
WN Wee ANNES INOS
) O74 AY Zeke Ke:
DAY ZOOL OS = ZZ XO
ao Ay aia VEN ZIP | AG
Al ON
a = hy ZG ( t) AY
Zp) VAe7e) Ee) AW
SOY" ZA
y ZB ON

WN
SS

5S
me.

Portion of Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM SPINULOSUM.

SWARTZ. SCHKUHR, (not of WILLDENOW.) KUNZE.
Link. FEE. Scott. M.S.

PLATE MEL VOR. VE.

Polystichum spinosum,
Lastrea spinulosa,

&é ee

= spinosa,

e cristata var. spinulosa,
=e dilatata var, linearis,

Polypodium spinulosum,

Ror.

Prest. LinpLey anp Moore.
J. SmitH. Basineton.
Newman. DEakIn.

Moore.

BaBINGTON.

MULLER.

< filiz-femina, var. spinosa, WEIs.

Lophodium spinosum,

Aspidium—The Shield Fern.

NEWMAN.

Spinulosum—Prickly.

In THE SeEcTION LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

Aw indigenous British species, often confounded with Aspid-

tum dilatatum, Plate XXVIL.,

varied forms closely resemble.

VOL. VI.

vol. vi., which some of its

R

110 ASPIDIUM SPINULOSUM.

A hardy deciduous Fern.

Native of England. :

Fronds erect; bipinnate, narrow, and ovate-lanceolate; the
margins nearly parallel below, and glabrous. Pinne numerous;
the lower ones distant and sub-opposite, the upper ones elon-.
gate, alternate, triangular, and stalked, the stalk twisted so as
to make them stand nearly horizontal. Pinnules oblong, inciso-
pinnatifid, having serrate spinose mucronate lobes.

Sori medial. Indusium entire on the margin.

Stipes having broad, ovate, pale brown scales, crowded near
the base and more remote upwards.

Terminal; adherent to a somewhat tufted rhizoma.

Length of frond from twelve to thirty-six inches; colour pale
yellowish green.

Portion of Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM CANARIENSE.

WILLDENOW. ?

PLATE XLII. VOL. VI.

Aspidium Ludovicianun, Hort.
Lastrea Canariense, Hort.

G4 Indoviciana, Hort.
Cystopteris Canariensis, PRESL. ?
Aspidium inequale, Scuott. M.S.

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Canariense—Canary Island Fern.

In THe Section LASTREA OF AUTHORS.

The Aspidium Canariense is an interesting very distinct
Fern.

The fronds are bipinnate, membranaceous, and triangularly
elongate in form; apices acuminate. Pinne linear-lanceolate,
with acuminate apices. Pinnules oblong-ovate, basal ones pin-
natifid; margin dentate. Pinne and pinnules distant.

Veins forked.

Sori uniserial, distant, and conspicuous.

ile ASPIDIUM CANARIENSE.

Stipes and rachis very scaly. Rhizoma creeping, and scaly;
scales pale in colour.

The fronds horizontal or pendulous, widest at the base.

Length of frond twenty-four inches, of which the lower
seven inches is naked. Colour dull green.

For plants and fronds I am indebted to Messrs. Sim, of
Foot’s Cray, and Booth, of Hamburg.

A. Canariense may be procured of Mr. R. Sim, of Foot’s
Cray.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

FRON D.

DOSUM.—PORTION OF

a)
J
oO
iS
|
—
Le |
aml
=
ost
PS
—
ea
O
ry

Fans ADE

Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM FRONDOSUM.

LOWE.

PLATE XLIII. VOL. VI.

Polystichum frondosum, J. SMITH.
Nephrodium leta-virens, Lowe.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Frondosum—Leafy.

In THE SEcTION PoLysTicHuM oF AUTHORS.

A MAGNIFICENT Fern, with rich shining green fronds. It
is a species worthy of a place in every collection. A rare Fern.

An evergreen greenhouse species.

Native of Madeira.

Fronds decompound, triangularly elongate. Pinnules pro-
foundly dentate. Pinne alternate, largest nearest the base;
apex of pinne and of frond acuminate.

Rachis and stipes scaly; in the dried frond straw-coloured.

Veins branched, semi-transparent, paler in colour than the

frond.

114 ASPIDIUM FRONDOSUM.

Length of frond from two to three feet; colour a vivid,
shining, rich green.

I have not as yet been fortunate enough to procure a plant.

For a frond I am indebted to Mr. R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Sim, of Foot’s Cray, and
Stansfield, of Todmorden.

The illustration is from the frond sent by Mr. R. Sim, of
Foot’s Cray, Kent.

ASPIDIU™M PP ih ROu
x DE VeVior. 6:

. | one =. N’ \\ Q Un ae
| ASSO ww Wo,

| AA AANA

b= 4)

Pinna of mature Frond.

| ;
ASPIDIUM PTEROIDES.

| SWARTZ.

PLATS) XLIV. VOL. Vie

| Nephrodium pteroides, J. Smit.

i Polypodium pterovdes, Retzivs.

| Aspidium terminans, ~ Wattico. Moorr & Hottston. Kunze.
i Nephrodium terminans, J. SmitH. FeEr.

{| ee Cumingii, J. Surru.

i Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Pteroides—Fern-like.

In THE SeEcrion NEPHRODIUM OF AUTHORS.

| Aspidium pteroides, better known as Nephrodium terminans
| in our British collections, is a handsome Fern, differing more
| especially from others in the same section in the position of
its fructification.
An evergreen stove Fern.

| Native of the East Indies, the island of Ceylon, and the
i Philippine Islands.

Fronds pinnate. Pinne pinnatifid, linear-lanceolate in form,
petiolulate, in some degree membranous, subcordate at the base,
| and obtusely lobed. 7

116 ASPIDIUM PTEROIDES.

Fronds minutely pubescent on the veins on the under side.
Lateral, being adherent to a slender creeping rhizoma.
Sori medial, on either side the primary veins, eventually
becoming confluent; formed only along the edges of the pinne.
Length of frond twenty-four inches; colour bright green.
Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1847, by Mr.
G. Gardner.

For plants I am indebted to Mr. J. Henderson, of Wentworth,
and to Mr. R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray.

It can be procured of Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea; Sim, of
Foot’s Cray; and Stansfield, of ‘Todmorden.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

f

TARIU

Cicy

X Lb VV

r KS

Pinna of mature Frond—upper side.

ASPIDIUM CICUTARIUM.

SWARTZ. J. SMITH.

PLATE XLV. VOL. VI.

Polypodium cicutarium, LINNZUS.
= hippocrepis, JACQUIN.
Sagenia hippocrepis, Prest. Moorrt anp Hovtston. FEr.
Aspidium hippocrepis, Swartz. Prumier. Kunze. SPRENGEL.
= apifoliwm, ScHEURR.
= latifolium, PrREst.

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Cicutarium—Cow-bane-like.

IN THE SECTION SAGENIA OF SOME AUTHORS.

A RARE handsome plant, apparently requiring considerable
care to cultivate it successfully.

An evergreen stove Fern.

Native of Jamaica, the West Indies, Mexico, and New
Grenada.

The fronds, which are glabrous, are of a triangularly-elongate
form; bipinnatifid, having oblong-acuminate pinne, and oblong-

obtuse segments, with a crenate margin.

Terminal, being adherent to an erect rhizoma.
Sori produced on the apex of a free veinlet within the

areoles, somewhat reniform.

VOL, VE Ss

118 ASPIDIUM CICUTARIUM.

Veins pinnate; venules arcuately anastomosing, forming un-
equal areoles, with free veinlets.

Length of frond from twenty-four to thirty-six inches; colour
light green.

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in the year 1852,
and into England in 1789.

For a frond I am indebted to Mr. R. Sim, Nurseryman,
Foot’s Cray, Kent.

It is to be procured of Mr. R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray, and
Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea.

The illustration is from Mr. R. Sim’s frond.

Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM MACROPHYLLUM.

Swartz. PLUMIER. J. SmitH. Moore AND HOUwLSTON.
Kunze. LEIBMANN. WILLDENOW.
Rappi. PReEsL. PETIVER. SPRENGEL. ScHoTT, M.S.

PLATE XUVE VOL. VI.

Cardicchlena macrophylla, Fre.

Bathmium macrophylia, Link.

Aspidium bifidum, PREsL.

Polypodium variolatum, WILLDENOW.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Macrophyllum—Large-leaved.

A FinE Fern, pretty generally cultivated in our English
collections, yet often confused with Aspidiwm trifoliatum, Swartz,
figured on Plate X XIX of this volume.

An evergreen stove Fern.

Native of the West Indies, Tropical America, and Brazil.

Fronds glabrous, oblong-ovate in form; pinnate, the pinne being
of an oblong-lanceolate-acuminate shape, somewhat membranous,
petiolulate; base cordate; the lower pair two-lobed, whilst the
terminal pinna is either three-lobed or sinuately pinnatifid, the
basal segments being the longest.

120 ASPIDIUM MACROPHYLLUM.

Sori reniform, uniserial, on either side the primary veins,
and commonly situated on the middle of a venule.

Stipes scaly. Fronds terminal, adherent to an erect fasciculate
rhizoma.

Length of frond from twenty-four to thirty inches; colour
pale green.

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1836, having
been introduced by Messrs. Loddiges, but known in England
twenty years previous.

For plants I am indebted to Mr. R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray;
Mr. Stansfield, of Todmorden; and Messrs. Booth, of Hamburg;
and for fronds to M. Schott, Director of the Imperial Gardens
of Schonbriinn, near Vienna; Mr. R. Sim, of F oot’ s Cray; and
Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting.

It is contained in the Catalogues of Messrs. E. G. Henderson,
of St. John’s Wood; Veitch, of Chee A. Henderson, of Pine-
apple Place; Booth, of Hamburg; Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Stansfield,
of Todmorden; Rollisson, of Tooting; Kennedy, of Covent
Garden; and Cooling, of Derby.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

ASPIDIUM UNITOM.

WT ery <TA7 of
XL V oi (ee VOn. 6.

/

Portion of Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

| ASPIDIUM UNITUM.

Scoxunr. Kunze. Swartz. Petiver. BURMANN.
| SPRENGEL.

PLATE XLVIL VOL. VI.

Nephrodium unitum, R. Brown. J. SmituH. ScwHort.
5 Moore anp Hovtston.
| fe x Prest. Fre.
i ue lucens, Or GARDENS.
A propinquum, R. Brown.
i
ij Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Unitum—Joined, or linked.

In THE Section NEPHRODIUM OF AUTHORS. |

An evergreen stove Fern.
Native of Tropical America, New Holland, and India.

\
| THE present species is occasionally met with in collections.
: Fronds pinnate; pinne ensiform-lanceolate, from five to six

i

:

| inches in length, pinnatifid, with semi-ovate acute segments.
i! Petiolulate, and sub-cordate at the base.

Fronds glandulose; minutely pubescent beneath. Lateral,
| adherent to a creeping rhizoma.

Stipes, when young, of a reddish colour, and haying a few
| scattered scales at the base.

| Sori medial and uniserial.

122 ASPIDIUM UNITUM.

Length of frond from eighteen to twenty-four inches; colour
a brilliant shining green. .

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1793.

For plants of this species [ am indebted to Mr. R. Sim,
of Foot’s Cray, and Mr. Masters, of Canterbury; and for
fronds to Mr. Henderson, of Wentworth, and to Mr. Sim.

It may be procured of Messrs. E. G. Henderson, of St.
John’s Wood; Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Masters, of Canterbury;
Booth, of Hamburg; and Kennedy, of Covent Garden.

The illustration is from a plant in my own collection.

“) i ey: ¥
.

Pinna of mature Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM HOOKERI.
WALLICH.

PEATE. XLVI. (VOR. VI.

Nephrodium Hookeri, J. SmitH. Moorsz anp Hovtston.

Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Hookeri—Named after Sir W. J. Hooker,
F.R.S., etc., the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew.

In THE SEecTION NEPHRODIUM OF AUTHORS.

A RARE interesting Fern, best known as the Nephrodium
Hooker.

An evergreen stove species.

Native of the East Indies.

We are indebted to Mr. Henderson, of Wentworth, for
bringing this Fern into notice.

Fronds pinnate and elongate; basal pinne diminutive,
deltoid, deflexed, and gradually increasing in length as they
ascend the rachis, being on the upper half elongate-acute,
and pinnatifid, four inches long, sub-petiolate, auriculate, the
base being truncate-cuneate.

Sori medial, uniserial, and scattered over the upper half of
the frond.

124 ASPIDIUM HOOKERI.

The fronds, which are slender, are thirty-six inches long,
and light green in colour.

For a plant and fronds I am indebted to Mr. Joseph
Henderson, of Wentworth.

It does not appear to be in the Nurserymen’s Catalogues.

The illustration is from Mr. Henderson’s frond.

Pinna of fertile Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM ARTICULATUM.

Lowe, (not of SWARTZ nor SPRENGEL. )

PLATE XLIX. VOL. VI.
Nephrodium articulatum, J. SmitrH. Moorre & Hovtston.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Articulatum—Jointed.

In THE SeEcTION NEPHRODIUM OF AUTHORS.

AN evergreen stove species. .

Native of the island of Ceylon.

Fronds glabrous, pinnate, lanceolate in shape. Pinne linear-
lanceolate, pinnatifid, subpetiolate, bluntly wedge-shaped at the
base, and articulated with the rachis.

Stipes scaly. Fronds terminal, being adherent to a thick
creeping rhizoma.

Rachis of a pale chocolate colour.

Sori medial and uniserial.

VOL. VI. gt

126 ASPIDIUM ARTICULATUM.

Length of frond from fifty to sixty inches; colour deep
green.

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, by Dr. Gardner,
in the year 1846.

For fronds of this Fern I am indebted to Mr. T. Moore,
Curator of the Botanic Gardens, Chelsea, and to Mr. R. Sim,
of Foot’s Cray, Kent.

It may be procured of Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea; A.
Henderson, of Pine-apple Place; and Stansfield, of Todmorden.

The illustration is from a frond forwarded by Mr. T. Moore,
of Chelsea.

”

x :
— a a

Pinna of barren Frond—under side.

ASPIDIUM COADUNATUM.

WALLIcH. Hooker AND GREVILLE. J. SMITH. KUNZE.

EEALTS. EL. VOL. Vi.

Sagenia coadunata, J. SmirH. Moorr anp Hovtston.
- hippocrepis, Prest, (not of Swartz.)
“S Macrodonta, FEE.
Aspidium—The Shield Fern. Coadunatum—United.

In THE SECTION SAGENIA OF SOME AUTHORS.

AN evergreen stove Fern.

Native of the East Indies and the island of Ceylon.

Fronds glabrous, bipinnate, triangularly-elongate in form; the
pinne also triangularly-elongate, acuminate, the inferior pinnules

128 ASPIDIUM COADUNATUM.

being far apart; superior pinnules pinnatifid, having a profound-
crenate edge, and a decurrent base.

Sori somewhat reniform.

Veins pinnate, the venules anastomosing.

Fronds terminal, adherent to a stout, scaly, and somewhat
creeping rhizoma.

Stipes at the base thickly scattered over with narrow scales.

Length of frond from twenty-four to thirty-six inches; colour
pale green.

Introduced into the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1845, by Mr.
G. Gardner.

My thanks are due to Mr. J. Henderson, of Wentworth,
for a plant of this Fern; and to Mr. R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray,
for fronds.

It is in the Catalogues of Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea; Sim,
of Foot’s Cray; and Booth, of Hamburg.

The illustration is from a frond forwarded by Mr. R. Sim.

POS oa Oar e by vel

[ The preSent Glossary contains descriptions of such terms as are not described in
the other volumes. It must be therefore considered as a continuation of those
given in the other volumes. |

Alternate—When apparently disposed without regularity; thus
alternate pinne are when the pinne are not opposite to each
other.

Anterior.—Placed in front of others, or outwardly with respect to the
axis about which they are arranged.

Arborescent.—The form of a tree. Thus an arborescent caudex has a
tree-like stem.

Aristate-—Awned. .

Bacevform.—Bearing berries, or having a succulent nature lke that of
berries.

Ciliato-serrate.—When marginal serratures have stiffish hairs.

Circlet.—Placed in a ring.

Channelled.—Hollowed out, resembling a gutter.

Cordate-auriculate—Having heart-shaped ears.

Costeform.—Rib-shaped.

Cuculate—Hooded. Where the edges are curved inwards, or rolled
up like the point of a slipper.

Decumbent.—Reclining upon the ground, and rising again from it at
the apex.

Depauperated.—Empoverished. When the branches or segments are
almost wanting.

Exeurrent.—Extending beyond the usual limits.

Eccentric.—Not having the same centre.

Fascicled.—Where several similar parts originate at the same spot, and
are collected together as in a bundle.

Glandular.—Furnished with glands.

Inciso-lobate.—Lobes deeply cut, or divided.

Inciso-pinnatifid.—So deeply cut as to approach a pinnate form.

VOL. Vij U

130 GLOSSARY.

Indigenous.—Belonging to a place. Thus, indigenous to England, is
belonging to England.

Inferior.—Below. Thus, inferior base is the lowest base.

Mucronate.—Abruptly pointed by a sharp, stiff, spinous point.

Normal.—Typical or ordinary form. Thus, normal form does not
deviate from the ordinary form.

Obsolete.—Disused.

Orbicular.—Circular, or round.

Ovate-faleate.—Of a curved, oval, or egg-shaped form.

Paleaceous.—Chaffy. Thus, a paleaceous rachis is when the rachis is
very scaly.

Peltate-—Fixed to the stalk by the centre, or by some point within
the margin, 7. ¢., not at the edge. The attachment of the stalk
to the leaf of the Zropeolum is a familiar illustration.

Petiolate—Furnished with a petiole or stalk.

Petiolulate——When the leafiets are stalked.

Persistent.—Remaining beyond the ordinary period.

Repand.—Having an uneven slightly wavy margin.

Semi-erect.—Partly erect.

Sinuately-pinnatifid.—Unevenly pinnatifid, alternately with deep concavy-
ities and convexities.

Sub-falcate.—The word sub means somewhat, or a near approach to
the term to which it is appended. Thus, sub-falcate is scarcely
curved, or curved in a slight degree.

Sub-marginal.—Almost marginal.

Sub-rhomboidal.Almost rhomboid.

Squamulous.—Covered with small scales.

Supervor base.-—Upper base.

Triangularly-elongate.—A lengthened triangular form.

Tri-quadripinnate.—Three times quadripinnate.

Tomentum.—Short closely-matted hairs, or woolly pubescence.

Truncate-dimidiate.—Imperfectly truncate.

Trapezio-oblong.—A lengthened trapezoidal form.

Umbilicate. —Having a depression in the centre. Also with an eleva-
tion in the centre. Known as a boss.

Undulated.— Wavy.

INDEX TO VOL VI.

[Those Ferns having an authority attached, are the respective names adopted in
this Work, of which a description, together with a Coloured Illustration and one or

more Woodcuts, is given.

Names not having an authority attached, are those adopted

by other authors, and are therefore to be found under other names. |

PAGE

Acrostichum thelypteris 55
Adiantum fructicosum 19
lunulatum i Bye 18)
Aspidium aculeatum. Swartz 23,
49, 50, 51, 67, 68

var. lobatum 51

var. lobatum-incisum 51

var. lonchitidioides 51

var. multifidum yl

var. proliferum 51
acuminatum. Wiulldenow 37
acrostichoides. Swartz 657

affine : 4 , Al
angulare. Kittaibel 23, 50,

51, 67, 68

var. acutum 68

var. alatum ‘ 69

var. angustatum COR 4L

var. aristatum 68, 71

var. biserratum 69, 71

var. decompositum 70

var. depauperatum 69

var. dissimile 69, 70

var. hastulatum 08

var. imbricatum 69, 70

var. incisum . 69

var. intermedium 69, 70

var. irregulare 69

var. multifidum 68

PAGE,

Aspidiumangularevar. premorsum 69

var. proliferum 69, 70,,71
var. sub-tripinnatum 69,

105-74

var. tripinnatum = 70, 71
apifolium . 4 peddle
argutum 51, 63
articulatum. Lowe . 125
asperum : i = Go

augescens. Link ; 30

auriculatum 29, 57
bifidum ; : eg
Boothii . : ; eGo
Braunii : d : 67
Canariense. Willdenow 111,

112
carvifolium : a O85
capense. Swartz . 100, 107
cicutarium. Swartz AZ

coadunatum. Wallich 127
coniifolium. Wallich 105
coriaceum. Lowe . 99, 107

cristatum. Swartz 53, 59,
60, 6]

var. callipteris . St,
cultratum . : 19

decompositum. Kunze 73, 95
decurrens. Lowe 2
decursive-pinnatum . | 26

132 INDEX.

PAGE. PAGE.
Aspidium depastum Smianiae Aspidium lunulatum a; aie
dilatatum. Swartz 77, 78, 80 lobatum . : . 49, 69
var. alpinum 8.80 var. lonchitidioides . 49
var. angustum 78, 80 macrophyllum. Swartz 119
var. Chanterie . 78, 80 macroporum . ‘ . 107
var. collinum . 48, 19 marginale. Swartz ome
var. dumetorum 78, 79 molle. Swartz ; 87
var. glandulosum 78, 80 mucronatum. Swartz . 91
var. nanum sts 78, 79 munitum . : : 50
var. Tanacetifolium 77, 78, nemorale : ie Al:
79 . nevadense . ; ‘ 63
discolor’ Jeanie). ltenalOr noveboracense . . 89
discretum . ; : 49 ocellatum . f : 50
Donianum ; . AZ odoriferum . ; ba"
dumetorum . ay iiss oligodonton i ) 75
elongatum. Swartz . 75 oreopteris. Swartz 44, 51
erosum . : ts WS ottonianum . ; ss
falcinellum. Swartz . 29 paleaceum ‘ i 42
» falcatum. Swartz . ae pallidum : : #463
filix-mas. Swartz 23, Al, palustre , ; d Do
44, 47, 64, 75 patentissimum f . 42
var. incisum oy Al pica . ci : 85
var. paleaceum . 41, 42 Plukeneti +i.) eee
var. pumilum . ana podophyllum. Hooker 97, 98
var. recurvum . . AT proliferum. Brown 11, 39
(See Lastrea filix-mas for pubescens. Swartz 73, 95
varieties.) pulcherrimum ; 2“ 19
foenisecil ; s Seay i: pumilum. Lowe 43, 47,
fragrans . : : . 63 ; 48, 89
frondosum. Lowe 113, 138 pungens, Kaulfuss . 31
glabellum. Lowe . . 93 pteroides. Swartz . 115
Goldianum. ee 5 83 rigidum. Swartz 63, 64
Goldieanum . . 59, 83 semicordatum ., : 15
hastulatum . : eos serra. : . eR
heracleifolium . 5 . 85 Sieboldi . 4 é 97
hippocrepis . : Sh Lhe spinulosum. Swartz 59,
Hookeri. Wallich . 123 61, 77, 78, 79, 80, 109
inequale . ; Be Mola var. uliginosum 59, 62
intermedium . ! . 50 squamatum : ; 19
lancastriense ; 2 tog squamosum . : ma
latifolium . : : 117 terminans : eS
lentum : : oe OO) thelypteris. Swartz 55, 89
lonchitis. Swartz . . 65 thelypteroides. Swartz 89
var. multifidum 6 866 trifoliatum. Swartz . 85
var proliferum . . 66 truncatulum : : 19

Ludovicianum ; Patel ei truncatum : : .- £9

INDEX. 133

PAGE. PAGE,

Aspidium uliginosum . : 51 Lastrea cristata 23, 59
unitum. Schkuhr =» I2h cristata major : . |) GE
vestitum. Swartz 39, 103 var. spinosa . - 109
villosum. Swartz . 101 var. uliginosa. . 59
violascens : : Te: | decurrens 25, 26
Wallichianum - 42 decursive-pinnata 25, 26
Asplenium filix-feemina . . AA decomposita : 95
var. crispum . : 80 dilatata . 23, 77, 80
proliferum . ‘ ea! var. alpina... a 81
ramosum . : ; 19 var. angusta 78, 80
Athyrium thelypteris : eee var. Chanterie ; 81
Bathmium macrophyllum . 119 var. collina 78, 80, 81
trifoliatum . ‘ Se var. deltoidea : 80
Cardiochlena macrophylla . 119 var. distans - .. SB
Cyclopeltis semicordata. J. Smith var. dumetorum 80, 81
15 var. fuscipes . 80

Cyrtomium falcatum 30, 34 var. glandulosa _. 78, 80
Cystopteris Canariensis Monee 1! var. linearis . . 109
Dichasium patentissimum . 42 var. micromera 80
Didymochlena truncatula. J. Smith var. macalaia..... 1-78
19, 20 var. multifida ; 80

lunulata : : 4 oe
pulcherrima 3 : 19

sinuosa . . ae 19220
squamata . : : 19
Diplazium pulcherrimum . Ee

Dryopteris abbreviata . A 47
affinis . : ‘ PAL

Borreri ; , : 41
cristata . : : 2 obo
dilatata 4 : 77
filix-mas : : 2 4.

var. abbreviata ? 47

thelypteris . : . 55
Fadyenia prolifera. Hooker EL
Hemestheum montanum . : iad

thelypteris . E ; 55
Hypopeltis lobulata . : ne
Lastrea acuminata : : 37

affinis . ; : eae: |

alpina : : a fe

augescens : - | 39
callipteris . : : 59
Canariense . : oektt
Chanterize . : ; 78
collina . : : BAY |

var.
var.
var.

nana . 78, 80, 81
obtusa . F 81
pumila ‘ 7 BO)

var. Schofieldii : 81
var. Smithi ; 4 3O
var. tanacetifolia . 80
var. vallida : «SE
elongata. : ‘ 75
erosa « AE
filix-mas : 23, 41
var. abbreviata . 43, 47
var. affinis ‘ . 43
var. Borreri ; . AZ
var. crispa.. 3 45
var. cristata 42, 43, 4A,
45, 46

var. deorso-lobata 43, 44
var. dichotoma . 43
var. erosa : . 43, 44
var. incisa . 43, 45
var. multifida . 42, 43
var. paleacea 42, 44, 45, 46
var. polydactyla 43, 44, 45

var.
var.

producta ‘ 43
prolifera. . 43

134

INDEX.

PAGE,

Lastrea filix-mas, var. pseudo-mas 42

var. pumila
var. recurvum
var. subintegra
var. triangularis
glabella
glandulosa
Goldiana
Ludoviciana
marginalis
maculata
multifiora
var. collina
var. dilatata
var. nana
montana
noveboracense
oreopteris
var. crispa
var. truncata
paleacea
patentissima
podophylla
pumila
var. abbreviata
var. subintegra
pubescens
recurva
rigida
Rileyana
Serra
Sieboldi
spinosa
spinulosa
thely pteris
thelypteroides
uliginosa
vestita
villosa
Lephodium abbreviatum
callipteris
collinum
erosum
filix-mas
glanduliferum .
glandulosum

43
43
43, 47
43
93
78
83

. 23, 53

PAGE,

Lephodium multiflorum var. nana 78

rigidum
spinosum
uliginosum .

Lepidonevron acuminatum

Nephrodium articulatum
acrostichoides
cristatum
Cumingi
decompositum
glabellum
Goldianum .
Hookeri .
leeta-virens .
lucens
molle .
marginale
ottonis
pallidum
propinquum
pteroides
pubescens
Sloanei -.
terminans
thelypteris
thely pteroides
unitum

Onoclea obtusiloba
obtusilobata

sensibilis. Linnaeus
Phanerophlebia nephrolepis

63

. 109
59

37
125
57

59

«Lis

Phegopteris decursive-pinnatum 25
Polypodium aculeatum 31, 49, 67

adiantiforme
angulare
appendiculatum .
argentatum
aristatum
caducum
callipteris
cicutarlum
corlaceum
cristatum
decursive-pinnatum
dilatatum
elongatum

107
67

villosum . : é Ot

Polystichum acrostichoides . 57

aculeatum 23, 49
var. lobatum . : 49
var. lonchitidioides . 49

affine . 5 5 : 41

angulare . 23, 67

aristatum . : sf OS

INDEX.
PAGE.

Polypodium falcatum . 33 Polystichum Braunii
filix-mas. : : Al eallipteris
filix-foemina, var. spinosa 109 capense .
fragrans 53, 63 coniifolium .
heleopteris 41, 63 coriaceum
hippocrepis : “ezdiin O87 cristatum
japonicum . ; ; 33 dilatatum
limbospermum : =f Be falcinellum .
lobatum . : 5 49 filix-mas
lonchitis > GB flexum
marginale . f : 27 frondosum
montanum . : . De Grevillianum
multiflorum F : 77 lonchitis
nemorale : ; 3, At lobatum
noveboracense . : 89 montanum
nymphale : : Bnei mucronatum
oreopteris . : 53 oreopteris
pica. : : Sees) Plukenetii .
Plukenetii : . 49 proliferum
politum . : LO pungens
pteroides 53, 115 rigidum .
pubescens 73, 87 spinosum
rigidum . , : . 63 spinulosum
setiferum . : : 67 stramineum
spinulosum . : . 109 strigosum
tanacetifolium . ! 78 tanacetifolium
thelypteris 53, 55 thelypteris
trifolatum . : : 85 vestitum
variolatum é , 119 Pycnopteris Sieboldi
vestitum . : gneiss Rhagiopteris obtusiloba

Rumohra aspidioides
Sagenia coadunata
hippocrepis
macrodonta
Tectaria Calahuala
corlacea
Tegularia adiantifolia
Thelypteris palustris

135

PAGE.
67

59

LOR
105
99, 107, 108
59

‘Ks

29

Al

99

ap IE

: ae
23, 65
49

53

91

53

: 49
39, 103
31, 39
ow AS
109

La

39

63

78

55

103

97

7

< d04

zoey vale
mio 8 WG
127

. 107
107

19

55

136

AUTHORITIES QUOTED IN VOL. VI.

Aiton.
Allehin.
Allioni.
Arnott.
Arrab.
Babington.
Baird.
Balfour.
Bauer.
Boissier.
Bolton.
Bory.
Bowie.
Bower.
Borkhausen. |
Braun.
Brown.
Burmann.
Cameron.
Cavanilles.
Chanter.
Choules.
Cunningham.
De Candolle.
Deakin.
Desvaux.
Doll.

Don,
Edgerley.
Elworthy.
Ehrhart.
Fée.

Fischer.
Forskal.
Forster.
Francis.
Fries.

Gardner.

Gray.
Greville.
Hoffmann.
Hooker.
Houlston.
Houttuyn.
Hudson.
Humboldt.
Jacquin.
Johnson.
Kaulfuss.
Kinahan.
Kitaibel.
Kunze.
Langsdorff.
Ledebour.
Leibmann.
Leighton.
Lindley.
Link.
Linneeus.
Loiseleur.
Lowe.
Lowe, H. J.
Mackay.
Martens.
Maund.
Mantissa.
Metten.
Meyer.
Michaux.
Moore.
Miller.
Newman.
Petiver.
Plumier.
Pinder.
Plukenet.

Poiret.
Presl.
Pursh.
Raddi.
Rheed.
Retzius.
Reinwardt.
Roth.
Salisbury.
Schkuhr.
Schott.
Schlechtendal.
Siebold. ©
Sim.

Sieber.
Sloan.
Smith, J. E.
Smith, J.
Sprengel.
Spenner.
Stendal.
Sowerby.
Strempel.
Swartz.
Thompson.
Tenore.
Thunberg.
Tuckerman.
Veitch, Jun.
Villars.
Van Houtte.
Vogler.
Wallich.
Weis.
Willdenow.
Wilson.
Wollaston.
Wolsey.

CONTRIBUTORS, TO: VOLe Vi.

Tuer Author begs to thank the following individuals, who have kindly
supplied plants and fronds for illustration:—

Miss Barker, Trent Lock, Beeston,
near Nottingham.

Messrs. Booth and Son, Nurserymen,
Hamburg.

Mr. Clapham, Scarborough.

Mr. Clarke, Royal Botanic Gardens,
Glasgow.

Mr. Robert Clark, Gardener to W.
Dent, Esq., Flass House, Crosby
Ravensworth, Westmorland.

Mr. E. Cooling, Nurseryman, Derby.

Mrs. Delves, Tunbridge Wells.

Mr. R. J. Gray, St. Thomas’, Exeter.

Messrs. A. Henderson and OCo.,
Nurserymen, Pine-apple Place,
Edgeware Road, London.

Messrs. E. G. Henderson, Welling-
ton Nursery, St. John’s Wood,
London.

Mr. Joseph Henderson, Wentworth
House, Yorkshire.

Mr. W. Ingram, Belvoir Castle,
near Grantham.

Mr. J. W. Jeans, F.R.A.S., Gran-
tham.

Captain Legard, Kirby Misperton,
Yorkshire.

Mr. R. T. Millett, Penzance.

Captain A. S. H. Lowe, F.R.AS.,
Highfield House, near Nottingham.

Mr. Masters, Exotic Nursery, Can-
terbury.

Mr. Thomas Moore, F.L.S., Curator

_ of the Chelsea Botanic Gardens.

Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart., Rolleston
Hall, near Burton-on-Trent.

Mr. G. Norman, Hull.

Mr. Pass, Gardener to T. Brockle-
hurst, Esq., The Fence, near
Macclesfield.

Mr. J. Pearson, Nurseryman, Chil-
well, Nottinghamshire.

Messrs. Rollisson and Co., Nursery,
Tooting, near London.

M. Schott, Director of the Imperial
Garden, Schonbrunn, near Vienna.

Mr. J. Smith, Curator of the Royal
Gardens, Kew.

Mr. J. Sidebotham, Manchester.

Mr. R. Sim, Foot’s Cray Nursery,
near Chisselhurst, Kent.

Mr. Stansfield, Vale Nursery, Tod-
morden.

Mr. Stewart, Sudbury Castle, Staf-
fordshire.
Mr. Stratton,
Cambridge.
Messrs. Veitch, Exotic Nursery,

Exeter.

Messrs. Veitch, Jun., Exotic Nursery,
Chelsea.

Mr. G. B. Wollaston, Chisselhurst,
Kent.

Mr. Wraight, Newlands, Kent.

Mr. F. Wright, Osmaston Manor,
Derbyshire.

Botanic Gardens,

ADDENDUM TO VOL. VL.

Aspidium frondosum.—Rhizoma creeping on the surface.
Stipes very long, stout, and nearly erect; base very scaly.
Frond pentangular and quadri-tripinnate; length two to four
feet. Frond borne gracefully and almost horizontally on its
stalk. It will probably prove hardy.

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