DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND ENTOMOLOGY Ferns and Flowering Plants of South Dakota QK 186 S3 (So. DAK. BUL. No 64.) April, 1899. Bulletin 64. U. S. EXPERIMENT STATION SOUTH DAKOTA. IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOUTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS OF SOUTH DAKOTA. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND ENTOMOLOGY. BROOKINGS, SOUTH DAKOTA. SIOUX FALLS, S. D. ?1LL A. BEACH, PRINTER AND BINDER. 1899. GOVERNING BOARD. REGENTS OF EDUCATION. HON. H. H. BLAIR, Pres Elk Point HON. M. F. GREELEY Gary HON. R. W. HAIRE, Sec'y Aberdeen HON. Iy M. HOUGH Sttirgis HON. F. A. SPAFFORD Flandreau STATION COUNCIL. DR. F. A. SPAFFORD, Regent Member. JNO. W. HESTON, President of College. JAS. H. SHEPARD, Director Chemist E. C. CHILCOTT, Vice Director Agriculturist D. A. SAUNDERS Botanist and Entomologist E. L,. MOORE Zoologist N. E. HANSEN Horticulturist E. A. BURNETT Animal Husbandry A. M. ALLEN, Secretary and Accountant. ASSISTANTS. A. B. HOLM ..... ................................ Soils W. H. KNOX ................................ Chemistr S. A. COCHRANE .................... ........ Irrigation W. S. THORNBER .......................... Horticulture F. G. Orr .................................... Librarian farmer of the state can have the Bulletins of this Station free upon application to the Director. Q UNIVERSITY op SANTA BARBARA FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS OF SOUTH DAKOTA. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND ENTOMOLOGY. D. A. SAUNDERS. INTRODUCTION. The results embodied in the accompanying catalogue are based on specimens in the College herberium, and on notes taken in the field by Professor T. A. Williams and the writer. The nomenclature followed is the modification of the Paris Code adopted by the Botanical Club of the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science at Rochester in 1892 and amended at the Madison, Wis., meeting in 1893. The only synonyms given are such as would be a help to one' accustomed to using Gray's Manual. In preparing this catalogue, Dr. P. A. Rydberg's Flora of the Black Hills* has been freely used. Specimens have also been received from various collectors in that region. Pro- fessor Williams has made extensive collections in the Sioux valley, has done considerable work along Bigstone Lake, and has made one trip from Pierre to Rapid City and return, obtaining many interesting specimens, especially from the Bad Lands. Messrs. David Griffiths, Earl Douglass, Jno. J. Thornber, students of Professor Williams, have done consid- erable collecting east of the Missouri river. Mr. L. W. Carter has made various collecting trips in the eastern part of the state, and, in company with Mr. Griffiths, one extended trip from Forest City along the Moreau river to the Black Hills, returning along the Cheyenne river to Fort Pierre. The *Rydbeig, P. A., Contributions from the United States National Herberium, Vol. III., No. 8. •UNIVERSITY OF C-*T.IFORNU SANTA BARBARA 102 writer has collected over most of the state east of the Missouri river, and, in company with Mr. J. R. Towne, in the sum- mer of 1897 made very careful examinations of the Little Minnesota river and its tributaries. On this trip many eastern species heretofore unknown to the state were obtained. Acknowledgment is due Dr. N. L. Britton, Dr. P. A. Ryd- berg, and Messrs. Nash and Bicknell of the New York Botanical Garden, Dr. L. H. Bailey of Cornell University, and Professor Sargent of the Arnold Arboretum for the verifica- tion and determination of certain species. CATALOGUE. PTERIDOPHYTES. — THE FERNS AND THEIR ALLIES. OPHIOGLOSSACE^. — The Adder-Tongue Family. Botrychium matricarifolium, A., Br., Matricary Grape- fern. Two specimens doubtfully referred to this species were collected near Custer, in the Black Hills, by Dr. Rydburg. Botrychium virgiiiiaimm, (L,.) Sw. Virginian Grape- fern. In wooded ravines in the Minnesota region and in the Black Hills; rare. POLYPODIACE^. — The True Ferns. Oiioclea seiisibilis, L., Sensitive fern. Near Rapid City, in the Black Hills. Oiioclea struthiopteris, (L.) Hoffm. Ostrich-fern. Along shaded streams in the Minnesota Valley and the Black Hills. Woodsia scopuliiia, D. C. Eaton. Rocky Mountain Woodsia. On wooded hillsides in the Black Hills; rare. Woodsia Oregon, D. C. Eaton. Oregon Woodsia. Common throughout the Black Hills. Cystopteris fragilis, (L.) Bernh. Brittle- fern. On damp shady banks bordering streams and lakes throughout the state. Pheg-opteris dryopteris, (L.) Fee. Oak-fern. In deep woods in the Black Hills. Dryopteris Felix-Mas, (L.) Schott. Male-fern. Among rocks in the Black Hills. Aspleiiium trichomanes, L. Maiden-hair spleanwort. Crevices of rocks in the Black Hills. Asplenium Felix-foemina, (L.) Fee. Bernh. Lady- fern. In the Black Hills. Aspleuium Septentrioiiale, (L.) HofFm. Northern spleanwort. In crevices of rocks in the Black Hills. Adiaiitum Capillus-Veneris, L. Venus-hair fern. Along a warm stream, near iCascade, in the Black Hills.* Pteris aquiliiia, L. Brake. Near Custer, in the Black Hills. Pellaea atropurpurea, (L.) Link. Purple-stemed Cliff- brake. Common in crevices of rocks in the Black Hills. Pellaea Breweri, Eaton. Brewer's Cliff-Brake. In limestone crevices near Bull Spring, in the Black Hills. Cheilaiithes gracilis, (Fee.) Mett. Slender Lip-fern. On exposed rocks in the Black Hills. Poly podium vulgare, L. Common Polypody. In crevices of rocks in the Black Hills. Poly podium vulgare rotundatum, Wilde. Rouud- lobed Polypody. In crevices of rocks near Custer, in the Black Hills. MARSILEACE^E. — Marsilea Family. Marsilea vestita, Hook & Grev. Hairy Marsilea. Very abundant in swails and ditches from the James river valley westward to the Black Hills. *Bcssey, C. K. Bot., Gaz., Vol. XXVI, No.3, 211. 105 Horse-Tail Family. Equisetum arveiise, L,. Field Horsetail. In low sandy soil in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Equisetum sylvaticum, L. Wood Horsetail. In moist woods in the Black Hills. Equisetum fluviatile, L. Swamp Horsetail. In swamps in the Minnesota region. Equisetuni robustum, A., Br. Stout Scour ing-rush. In wet places throughout the state; less common than the next. Equisetuni laevigatum, A., Br. Smooth Scouring- rush. In low wet places; very abundant throughout the state. IvYCOPODiACE^E. — Club Moss Family. Lycopodium obscurum, L. Ground Pine. In moist woods in the Black Hills. SELAGINELLACE^. — The L,ittle Club Mosses. Selagiuella rupestris, (L.) Spring. Rock Selaginella. On rocky slopes in the Black Hills. SPERMOPHYTES.— SEED BEARING PLANTS. GYMNOSPERM^.— GYMNOSPERMS. PINACE^E. Piuus poiiderosa scopuloruni, Englm. Western Yel low pine. Throughout the Black Hills. Picea Caiiadeiisis, (Mill.) B. S. P. White Spruce. In the Black Hills, especially in the northern part. io6 Juiiiperus liana, Willd. Juniper. Juniperus Sibericus. Burgsd. On dry knolls in the Black Hills. Jimiperiis Virgin! an a. Red Cedar. Rare in the Black Hills proper, common in the foot- hills and in the vicinity of streams from the Black Hills eastward to the Missouri river. It is found occasionally on the bluffs on the east side of the river. Juniperus Sabina prostrata, (Pers.) Loud. Creeping Red Cedar. On dry foothills in the Black Hills. ANGIOSPERM^.— THE TRUE FLOWERINCx PLANTS. MONOCOTYLEDONES.— MONOCOTYLEDONS. TYPHACE^E. — Cat-Tail Family. Typha latifolia, L. Broad leaved Cat-tail. In marshes throughout the state. SPARGANIACEJE.— The Burreed Family. Spargaiiiuiu eurycarpiim, Englm. Broad fruited Bur- reed. In swamps, marshes and along streams throughout the state. NAIADACE^E. The Naiad Family. Potamogetoii loucliites, Tuckerm. Long-leaved Pond- weed. In ponds and slow streams throught the state. J'ot a mogol on amplifolius, Tuckerm. Large-leaved Pondweed. In ponds and slow streams throughout the state. Potamogeton heterophyllus, Schreb. Various-leaved Pondweed. In ponds and lakes from the Missouri river eastward. Potaniogetou perfoliatus Richardsoiiii, A. Bennet. Clasping-leaved Potamogeton. Common in the Minnesota and Sioux Valleys. Potamogeton alpinus, Balbis. Northern Pondweed. In the Sioux river near Brookings. Potamogetoii foliosus, Raf. L/eafy Pondweed. In ponds and streams throughout the state. Potamogeton foliosus niagareiisis,(Tuckerm.)Morong. In the Sioux Valley. Potamogeton zosteraefolius, Schum. Ell-grass Pond- weed. In the Sioux and James valleys. Potamogeton Hillii, Morong. Hill's Pondweed. In the Sioux valley. Potamogeton pusillus, L. Small Pondweed. Common in ponds from the Missouri valley eastward. Potamogeton pectinatiis, L,. Fennel-leaved Pond- weed. In lakes and streams throughout the state. Potamogeton mariiius occidentals, Robbins. The Western Pondweed. In the Black Hills. Potamogatoii palustris, L. Swamp Patamogeton. In shallow water in the Sioux Valley. Zaiiiehellia palustris, L. Zanichellia. In brackish pr fresh water ponds throughout the state. Kiippia occideiitalis, S. Wat. Western Ruppia. In a strongly alkaline pond in the Minnesota valley, near Gary. Naias flexilis, (Willd.) Rost & Schmidt. Slender Naias. In pounds and lakes throughout the state. io8 SCHEUCHZERIACE^ — Arrow-Grass Family Triglochiii palustris, L. Marse Arrow-grass. In bogs in the Minnesota Valley. Triglochiii maritima, L. Seaside Arrow-grass. In marshes throughout the state. AUSMACE^. — Water-Plantain Family. Alisma plaiitago-aquatica, L. Water-plantain. Common in the edges of lakes and streams through- out the state. Echinoclorus corclifolius, (L.) Griseb. Upright Bur- head. Occasional in the southeastern corner of the state, Sioux Falls; Yankton. Lophotocarpus calycinus, (Engelm.) J. G. Smith. Lo- potocarpus. Occasional in swamps from the Missouri river east- ward. Sagittaria arifolia, Nutt. Arum-leaved Arrowhead. In the Minnesota and James valleys and in the Black Hills. Sagittaria graminea, Michx. Grass-leaved Sagittaria. In shallow waters from the Missouri valley eastward. Sagittaria latifolia, Willd. Broad-leaved Arrowhead. In shallow water throughout the state. VALLISNERIACE.E. Tape-Grass Family. Philotria Caiiatlensis, (Michx.) Britton. Waterweed, Ditch moss. Elodea Canadensis, Michx. In the Minnesota and Sioux river valleys. Vallisiu'ria spiralis, L. Tape-grass. Ell-grass. In Big Stone lake, in the Minnesota valley. io9 . — Grass Family. Aiidropogoii Hallii, Hack. Hall's Beardgrass. Turkey- foot Grass. In the Bad Lands. Probably more or less abundant from the Missouri valley westward to the Black Hills. Aiidropogon scoparius, Michx. Broom Beardgrass. Abundant throughout the state. A valuable forage grass. Amlropogoii furcatus, Muhl. Forked Beardgrass. Abundant from the Missouri eastward. Chrysopogou aveuaceiis, (Michx.) Benth. Bushy Blue- stem, Indian Grass. In low damp ground from the Missouri valley east- ward. Locally abundant. Syiitherisma liuearis, (Krock.) Nash. Small Crab Grass. Panicum glabrum. Gaud. Sparingly introduced into the southeastern part of the state. Near Yankton and Sioux Falls. Syiitherisma saiiguiiialis, (L.) Nash. Finger Grass; Large Crab Grass. Panicum sanguinale, L. Introduced into yards from the Missouri valley east- ward. Panicum Crus-galli, L. Barnyard Grass. Abundant in waste places throughout the state. Panicum Scribiieriaimm, Nash. Scribner's Panicum. Abundant on prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Panicum Wilcoxiaimm, Vasey. Wilcox's Panicum. On prairies in the Minnesota valley; rare. Panicum clicliotomum, L. Forked Panicum. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Panicum viscidum, Ell. Velvety Panicum. no Panicum Scoparium, Michx. In the Sioux valley and the Black Hills. Panicum clepaiiperatiim, Muhl. Starved Panicum. In dry soils in the Sioux and James valleys and in the Black Hills. Panicum virgatum, L. Tall Smooth Panicum. In low ground throughout the state. Panicum Capillare, L. Witch Grass. A common weed in waste places throughout the state. Ixophorus glauciiH, (L.) Nash. Foxtail. Pigeon grass. Setaria glauca, L. A miserable weed in cultivated grounds throughout the state. Ixophorus Yiriclis, (L.) Nash. Green Foxtail. Setaria Viridis, L,. Same range as the last. Ixophorus Italicus, (L.) Nash. Hungarian Grass. Setaria Ilalica, R. & S. Escaped along roadsides in the Sioux valley. (Viichrus tribuloicles, L. Sand Burr. In waste and sandy places throughout the state. More abundant westward. Zixaiiia aquatica, L. Wild Rice. Indian Rice. Water Oats. In shallow water from the Missouri river eatward. Homaloceiichrus virgiuiciis, (Willd.) Britton. White Grass. Leersia viri%inica, R. & S. In shallow water in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. llomalocciichrus ory/oides, (L.) Poll. Rice Cut Grass. Leersia oryzoides, L. In swampy ground from the Missouri river eastward. Phalaris aruudiiiacea, L. Reed. Canary Grass. From the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. 1 1 r Phalaris Caiiarieiisis, L. Canary Grass. A European grass which has escaped in the eastern part of the state. Savastaiia odorata, (L.) Scribn. Holy Grass. Seneca Grass. Hierochloe borealis. R. & S. From the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Aristida purpurea, Nutt. Purple Aristida. From the James valley westward, an abundant grass on the range. It forms large bunches of dry wiry leaves that cattle will not eat or the mower cut. Stipa Macoimii. Macoun's Stipa. In the Black Hills. Stipa viridula, Trin. Green Stipa. Throughout the state. Stipa aveiiacea, L. Black-oat Grass. In the Minnesota region. Stipa coinata, Trin. & Rupr. Western Stipa. From the Missouri valley westward. Stipa Spartea, Trin. Porcupine Grass. In the Minnesota, Sioux, James and Missouri valleys and in the Black Hills. Oryzopsis micrautha, (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurb. Small flowered Mountain Rice. From the Missouri valley westward. Oryzopsis asperifolia, Michx. White grained Mountain Rice. In the Black Hills. Oryzopsis melaiioearpa, Muhl. Black-fruited Mountain Rice. On wooded bluffs in the Minnesota valley. Oryzopsis cuspidata, (Nutt.) Vasey. Silky Oryzopsis. Throughout the state. 112 Ory/opsis Jiiiicea, (Michx.) B. S. P. Slender Mountain Rice. In the Black Hills. Muhleiibergia Mexicaiia, (L,.) Trin. Meadow Muhlen- bergia. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Muhleiibergia racemosa, (Michx.) B. S. P. From the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Muhleubergia ambigiia, Torr. Minnesota Muhlen- bergia. In the Minnesota region. Muhleubergia Sylvatica, Torr. Wood Muhlenbergia. In the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Muhlenbergia Wrightii, Vasey. Wright's Muhlenbergia. In the Black Hills. Brachyelytrum erectum, (Schred.) Beauv. Brachely- trum. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and the Black Hills. Phleum prateiise, L. Timothy. Escaped along streams and road sides in the'Minne- sota and Sioux valleys. Alopecurus geniculatus, L. Marsh Fox-tail. In the Sioux valley. Sporobolus asper, (Michx.) Kunth. Rough Rush-grass. Abundant in the James and Missouri river valleys; occasional throughout the state. Sporobolus vagiiiseflorus, (Torr.) Vasey. Sheathed Rush -grass. It occurs in the Sioux and the James river valleys- rare. Sporobolus cuspidatus, Torr. Prairie Rush-grass. In dry soils throughout the state. Sporobolus ueglectus, Nash. Small Rush-grass. In the Minnesota region. Collected but once along an old Indian trail. Sporobolus airoides, Torr. Hair-grass. Dropseed. In the Missouri river to the Black Hills. Sporobolus cryptaudrus, (Torr.) Gray. Sand Drop- seed. In sandy soil from the Missouri river eastward. Sporobolus heterolepis, Gray. Northern Dropseed. In low prairies throughout the state from the Missouri river eastward. In the Minnesota region it often forms . a large part of the lowland hay. Sporobolus asperifolius, (Nees & Meyen.) Thurber. Rough -leaved Dropseed. In dry soils from the James river valley westward. China Aruiidiuacea, L. Wood Reed-grass. In the southern part of the Sioux valley. Cmua- latifolia, (Trev.) Griseb. Slender Wood Reed- grass. Cinna Pendula, Trin. In woods in the Sioux valley near Brookings. Agrostis alba, Iy. Red-top. Sparingly introduced in the Minnesota and Sioux river valleys. Agrostis exerata, Trin. Rough-leaved Bent-grass. In the Black Hills. Agrostis caiiiiia, L. Brown Bent-grass. In the Missouri rivei valley; rare. Agrostis pereimaus, (Walt.) Tuckerm. Thin-grass. In rich woods in the Minnesota valley and the Black Hills. liyt'iiialiM, (Walt.) B. S. P. Rough Hair-grass. Agrostis scabra. Willd. A rather uncommon grass from the Missouri river eastward. inacouiiiana, Vasey. Macoun's Reed- grass. From the Missouri river eastward. Calamagrostis Caiiadensis, (Michx.) Beauv. Blue Joint. Common in low places, from the Missouri river east- ward. Calamagrostis breviseta, (Gray.) Scrib. Pickering's Reed grass. Calamagrostis sylvatica breviseta. Gray. In the Black Hills. coiifinis, (Wild.) Nutt. Bog Reed-grass. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Calamagrostis iieglecta, (Ehrn.) Gaertn. Narrow Reed- grass. Calamagrostis stricta. Beauv. In the Sioux valley, near Brookings. Calamagrostis Montanensis, Scrib. Montana Reed- grass. Occasional in the Sioux and James valleys. Calamovilfa longifolia, (Hook.) Hack. Long-leaved Reed-grass. Calamagrostis longifolia. Hook. In dry soils throughout the state. Aveiia Striata, Michx. Purple Oats. In the Black Hills. Avena fatua, L. Wild Oats. Introduced in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Arrhenatliernm Elatius, (L.) Beauv. Oat-grass. Escaped from cultivation near Brookings. 1*5 Daiithoiia spicata, Beauv. Wild Oat-grass. In the Black Hills. Spartiiia Cyiiosuroides, (L.) Willd. Tall Marsh-grass. In swamps and streams throughout the state. Spartiiia gracilis, Trin. Inland Cord-grass. In alkaline soils along Cheyenne river in the Bad Lands and along Lake Traverse. Schedoimardus paiiiculatus, (Nutt.) Trelease. Sched- onnardus. Found occasionally along trails from the Missouri river to the Black Hills, also in the southern part of the state east of the river. Bouteloua hirsuta, Lag. Hairy Mesquite-grass. In dry soils throughout the state, but much less com- mon than the next. Bouteloua oligostachya, (Nutt.) Torr. Mesquite-grass. Very abundant throughout the state; commonly called "False Buffalo Grass." Bouteloua Curtipeiidula, (Michx.) Torr. Racemed Bouteloua. Common throughout the state. Beckmaimia erucseformis, (L.) Host. Beckmannia. In wet places throughout the state. Bulbilis dactyloides, (Nutt.) Raf. Buffalo-grass. Throughout the state. It is rapidly disappearing in the eastern and southern part of the state. Muiiroa squarrosa, (Nutt,) Torr. Munro's grass. On the dry plain from the Missouri valley westward. Phragmites Phragmitea, (L.) Karst. Reed-grass. In swamps and along the edges of streams from the Missouri river eastward. Diplaelme fascieulari.s, (Lam.) Beauv. Salt-meadow Diplachne. In alkaline Marshes east of the Missouri river. no Eragrostis pilosa, (L.) Beauv. Tufted Eragrostis. Sparingly introduced into the eastern and southern part of the state. Eragrostis pursbii, Schrad. Pursh's Eragrostis. In the eastern part of the state. Eragrostis Major, Host, Strong-scented Eragrostis. Common east of the Missouri, rare in the Black Hills. Eragrostis hypiioides, (Lam.) B. S. P. Creeping Era- grostis. Common on sandy shores east of the Missouri river. Eatoiiia obtusata, (Michx.) Gray. Blunt-scaled Eatonia. East of the Missouri and in the Black Hills. Eatoiiia Peimsylvaiiica, (Dc.) Gray. Pennsylvanian Eatonia. East of the Missouri and in the Black Hills. Koeleria cristata, (L.) Pers. Koeleria. Common from the Missouri river westward to the Black Hills. Catabrosia aquatica, (L.) Beauv. Water whirl-grass. In swamps in the Black Hills. Distichlis spicata, (L.) Greene. Marsh Spike-grass. Common in low alkaline soils throughout the state. Dactylis glomerata, L. Orchard -grass. Sparingly introduced in pastures in the extreme east- ern part of the state and in the Black Hills. Poa compressa, L. Wire-grass. In dry places east of the Missouri river. Poa prateiisis, L. Kentucky Blue-grass. Introduced into meadows and lawns east of the river; probably native in the Black Hills. Poa pseudoprateiisis, Scrib. & Ryd. Prairie Meadow- grass. Found near Hot Springs, in the Black Hills. "7 Poa trivialis, L. Rough Meadow-grass. Sparingly introduced in the vicinity of Brookiugs. Poa flava, L. False Red- top. In swampy places in the extreme eastern part of the state; the Sioux and Little Minnesota valleys. Poa iiemoralis, L. Wood Meadow-grass. On moist banks in the Sioux and James river valleys and in the Black Hills. Poa debilis, Torr. Weak Spear-grass. In wooded ravines in the Minnesota valley. Poa alsodes, Gray. Grove Meadow-grass. In damp woods in the Little Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Poa arid a, Vasey. Prairie Spear-grass. In the Sioux and James valleys. Poa alpiiia, L. Alpina Spear-grass. Near Hot Springs, in the Black Hills. Poa Buckleyaiia, Nash. Buckley's Spear-grass. In dry soils near Hot Springs. Poa Irevis, Vasey. Smooth Poa. Extends from the Missouri valley to the Black Hills. Poaffeiiclleriana, (Steud.) Vasey. Fendler's Poa. In the Black Hills. Poa iievedeiisis, Vasey. Nevada Poa. In the Black Hills. Poa aniiua, L. Annual Meadow-grass. Elk Canon, in the Black Hills. Paiiicularia iiervata, (Willd.) Knutze. Nerved Manna- grass. Glyceria nervata. Trin. In the Sioux and Little Minnesota valleys, and in the Black Hills. xi 8 Paiiicularia Americana, (Torr.) McM. Reed Meadow- grass. Glyceria grandis, S. Wats. Occasional in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. Paiiicularia fluitaiis, (L.) Kuntz. Floating Meadow- grass. Glyceria fluitans. R. B. In shallow water in the Sioux valley. Festuca octoflora, Walt. Slender Fescue. In dry sandy soil from the James valley to the Black Hills. Festuca oviua, L. Sheep's Fescue. Grows in bunches on dry prairies in the Black Hills. Festuca Nutaiis, Willd. Nodding Fescue. On shady bluffs in the Sioux and Little Minnesota valleys. Bromus ciliatus, L. Fringed Brome. In thickets in the Sioux, James and Little'Minnesota valleys, and in the Black Hills. Bromus Kalmii, Gray. Kalm's Chess. In the Black Hills. Bromus pimpelliauus. Scribner. In the Black Hills. repeiis, (L.) Beauv. Cough-grass, ' 'Quack" - grass. A most troublesome weed in cultivated fields east of the Missouri river. Agropyroii violaceum, (Horn.) Vasey. Purplish wheat- grass. Found occasionally on high ground, from the Missouri valley eastward. Specimens collected by Dr. Rydberg in the Black Hills were doubtfully referred to Agropyron vio/aceum ma/us. n9 Ag-ropyroii spicatum, (Pursh.) Scrib. & Smith. Western Wheat-grass. Alkali-grass. Throughout the state. In the James and Missouri valleys^ it forms a great portion of the forage. It prefers a damp, heavy, somewhat alkaline soil. It is not com- mon on the prairies in the eastern part of the state, but is becoming more abundant where the land is broken. Aft-ropyroii teiierum, Vasey. Slender Wheat-grass. Common on dry prairies throughout the state. Agropyrou stryg-osum, Beauv. Rough Wheat-grass. In sterile soil along Indian creek in the Bad Lands. Agropyrou caiiiimm, (L ) R. & S. Awned Wheat-grass. Common in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills, probably throughout the state. Hordeum Jubatuiu, L. Squirrel-tail-grass. A very common and troublesome weed in all waste places throughout the state. Elymus striatus, Willd. Slender wild rye. On banks of streams from the Missouri valley east- ward, and in the Black Hills. Elymus virg'iiii<'iis, L,. Terrell-grass; wild rye. Common along streams throughout the state. Elymus caiiadeiisis, L. Nodding wild rye. Common along streams throughout the state. Most of the material from the arid regions west of the Mis- souri river and in the Black Hills belongs to the variety Glaucifolius Torr. Elymus Maoounii, Vasey. Macoun's wiU rye. In the Little Minnesota valley. Elymus Elymoides, (Raf.) Swezey. Long-bristled wild rye. From the Missouri river westward; rare. Elymus dasystachys, Trin. Western wild rye. In the Black Hills. 120 CYPERACE^.— The Sedge Family. Cyperus iiiflexus, Muhl. Awned Cyperus. Cyperus Anstatus, of Manuals. In damp sandy soil from the Missouri river eastward. Cyperus Schvveiiiitzii, Torr. Schweinitz Cyperus. In low, moist ground from the Missouri valley eastward. Cyperus acumiuatus, Torr. & Hook. Short-pointed Cyperus. In wet meadows throughout the state. Cyperus erythrorhizos, Muhl. Red-rooted Cyperus. In the Sioux and James valleys. Cyperus strigosus, L. Straw-colored Cyperus. In wet meadows in the little Minnesota valley. Cyperus ovularis, (Michx.) Torr. Globose Cyperus. In the Sioux and Little Minnesota valleys. ; Eleocharis Eiiglemaimi. Steud. Englemann's Spike- rush. In wet soil from the Missouri valley eastward. There are several specimens in the College herbarium labelled- E. Ovata. The plants all have the pointed spike, the low broad tubercle covering the top of the achene and the short bristles of E. Englemanni. Eleocharis palustris, (L.) R. & S. Creeping Spike- rush. In swamps and ponds in the Black Hills, James, Sioux and Little Minnesota valleys; and in the southern part of the Missouri valley. Eleocharis acicularis, (L.) R. & S. Needle Spike-rush. In wet soils from the Missouri valley eastward and probably throughout the state. Eleocharis acumiuata, (Muhl.) Nees. Flat-stemmed Spike-rush. In the Black Hills near Hot Springs. 121 Eleocharis intermedia, (Muhl.) Schuttes. Matted Spike- rush. In springy marshes in the Sioux valley, near Brook- ings; rare. Scirpus pauciflorus, Lightf. Few-flowered Club-rush. In the Black Hills, near Custer. Scirpus debilis, Pursli. Weak-stalked Club-rush. In the Missouri valley, in Potter and Walworth counties. Scirpus Americauus, Pers. Three-squares. Scirpus pungeus, Vah 1 . In brackish, or fresh water swarnps throughout the state; rare in the Black Hills. Scirpus lacustris, L. Great Bulrush. In lakes and ponds throughout the state. Scirpus fluviatilis, (Torr.) Gray. River Bulrush. On sandy shores of lakes and ponds, and along slow streams from the Missouri valley eastward throughout the state. In one locality "between 600 and 1,000 acres came up in June, 1894, and yielded from 16 to 25 bushels per acre of seed, which was used for feed for stock and chickens." . Scirpus atrovireus, Muhl. Dark-green Bulrush. In swamps in the Sioux and Little Minnesota valleys. Scirpus atrovireus pallidus, Britton. Pale Sedge. In the Black Hills. Scirpus cyperiuus, (L.) Kunth. Wood-grass. In the Black Hills, near Custer. Eriophorum polystachyou, L. Tall Cotton-grass. In springy bogs in the Sioux valley. Watertown, Toronto, Elkton. Eriophorum j^racile, Kock. Slender Cotton-grass. Collected in a springy bog in the extreme eastern part of the state, near Elkton. 122 Carex liipuliformis, Sartwell. Hop-like Sedge. In swauips and lake margins in the Little Minnesota and Sioux valleys; forming a considerable of the forage on low ground. Carex festiva, Dewey. Festival Sedge. Very rare, in the Black Hills. Carex utriculata, Boott. Bottle Sedge. In marshes in the Little Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Carex hystriciiia, Muhl. Porcupine Sedge. In springy swamps in the extreme eastern part of the Sioux valley. Carex inoiiile, Tuckerm. Necklace Sedge. la a springy bog near Elkton; the extreme eastern part of the Sioux valley. Carex retrorsa, Schwein. Retrorse Sedge. In wet meadows in the Sioux and James valleys. Carex pseudo-eyperus, L. Cyperous-like Sedge. In low swails and margins of ponds in the Sioux valley. Carex trichocarpa, Muhl. Hairy-fruited Sedge. In lakes and marshes in the Little Minnesota, the Sioux, and the southern part of the Missouri valley. Carex aristata, R. Br. Awned Sedge. In swamps in the Sioux valley. Carex Houghtouii, Torn Houghton's Sedge. On dry banks in the Sioux valley near Brookings. Carex Ian Mimosa, Michx. Woolly Sedge. In springy swamps in the Little Minnesota, the Sioux and the southern part of the James and Missouri valleys. Carex filiform!*, L. Slender Sedge. In the Sioux valley near Brookings. 123 Carex stricta, Dewey. Tussock Sedge. In low meadows in the Sioux and James valleys, and the southern part of the Missouri valley. Carex Haycleuii, Dewey. Hayden's Sedge. In sloughs in the Little Minnesota, Sioux and the James valleys. Carex Nebraskeiisis, Dewey. Nebraska Sedge. In the Black Hills near Custer. Carex loiigirostris, Torr. Long-beaked Sedge. On damp shady banks in the Little Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Carex Assiiiiboiiiensis, W. Boott. Assiniboia Sedge. On damp shady banks in the Little Minnesota, and the northern part of the Sioux valley. Carex capillaria, L. Hair-like Sedge. On moist shady banks bordering streams in the Little Minnesota valley. Carex grisea, Wahl. Gray Sedge. In low woods in the Sioux valley near Brookings. Carex tetauica, Schk. Wood Sedge. In low ground in the Sioux valley. Carex Meadii, Dewey. Mead's Sedge. In wet meadows in the Sioux valley near Brookings. Carex laxiflora hlaiida, (Dewey.) Boott. Loose-flowered Sedge. In damp woods near lakes in the Little Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Carex aurea, Nutt. Golden-fruited Sedge. In the Black Hills, near Lead. Carex Kichardsoiiii, R. B. Richardson's Sedge. In the Sioux and James valleys and in the Black Hills, not abundant. 124 Carex peclicellata, (Dewey.) Britton. Fibrous-rooted Sedge. On bluffs in the Little Minnesota valley; rare. Carex Peiinsylvaiiica, Lam. Pennsylvania Sedge. Very abundant in dry soils, . both open and shaded. From the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills, probably throughout the state. Carex varia, Muhl. Emmons' Sedge. In dry soils in the Black Hills. Carex filifolia, Nutt. Thread-leaved Sedge. In dry soil throughout the state, more abundant in the central and western part. Carex steiiophylla, Wahl. Involute-leaved Sedge. In dry soil throughout the state. This plant and C. Pennsylvanica form not an inconsiderable amount of early forage. Carex Marcicla, Boott. Clustered Field Sedge. In the Little Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Carex gravicla, Bailey. Heavy Sedge. On low ground in the Sioux valley. Carex vulpinoidea, Michx. Fox Sedge. In the Sioux, James and Missouri valleys. Carex Sartwellii, Dewey. Sartwell's Sedge. In the Sioux and the Little Minnesota valleys. Carex tenella, Schk. Soft-leaved Sedge. Near Sylvan Lake in the Black Hills. Carex rosea, Schk. Stellate Sedge. On damp wooded bluffs of Bigstone Lake in the Little Minnesota valley. Carex *terilis, Willd. Little Prickly Sedge. In the Sioux valley near White. 125 Carex siccata, Dewey. Hillside Sedge. In the Sioux, James and Missouri valleys and in the Black Hills. Carex tribuloides, Wahl. Blunt Broom Sedge. In the Sioux valley. Carex tribuloicles Bebbii, Bailey. Occurs in the Black Hills. Carex foeiiea, Willd. Hay Sedge. In the Sioux valley near Brookings; rare. Carex Deweyaiia, Schwein. Dewey's Sedge. Occurs rather rarely in the Black Hills and in the Sioux valley. Carex strammea, Willd. Straw Sedge. In dry soils in the Sioux and lyittle Minnesota valleys. Carex festucacea^, Willd. Fescue Sedge. In the Sioux valley near Brookings. Carex Bicknellii, Britton. Bickuell's Sedge. Carex Straminea Crawei, Boott. Near Hot Springs in the Black Hills; rare. Carex syehiiocephala, Carey. Dense Long-beaked Sedge. In low meadows in the Sioux valley, near Brookings, and in the Little Minnesota valley near outlet of Big- stone 1/ake. ARACE^E. — The Arum Family. Arissema triphyllum, (L,.) Torr. Indian Turnip. On moist shady banks bordering lakes and streams in . the Little Minnesota and the Sioux valleys. Acorns falaiuus, L. Sweet Flag. Collected in two localities in the extreme eastern part of the state. 126 LEMNACE^. — Duckweed Family. Spirodella polyrhiza, (L.) Schleid. Greater Duckweed. In ditches, ponds and lakes throughout the state. Leiniia trisulca, L. Star Duckweed. In ponds and pools; so far it has been collected only from the Missouri river eastward. Leiniia minor, L. Lesser Duckweed. In ponds, lakes and stagnant water throughout the state. COMMELINACE^. — Spiderwort Family. Tradescantia virgiiiiaua, L. Spiderwort. Abundant in low moist ground throughout the state. PONTEDERI ACE^e. — Pickerel weed Family. Heteranthera limosa, (Sw.) Willd. Smaller Mud Plan- tain. In muddy ponds near Dell Rapids, in the Sioux val- ley and at various points in the Missouri valley. Heteranthera dubia, (Jacq.) McM. Water Star-grass. Schollera graminea, Gray. In clear water from the Missouri eastward. JUNCACE^;. — Rush Family. Jimcus effusus, L. Bog Rush. Common in low ground in the Sioux valley. Juiicus bufonius, L. Toad Rush. In the Black Hills; rare. Jimcus tennis, Willd. Slender Rush. Common in the Sioux and the James river valleys and in the Black Hills. .hi nc us Vaseyi, Englm. Vasey's Rush. Near Hot Springs, in the Black Hills. Juiicus lougistylis, Torr. Long-styled Rush. Near Lead City, in the Black Hills. Juncus nodosus, L. Knotted Rush. In the Sioux, the Little Minnesota, and the James valleys, and the Black Hills. Juncus Torreyi, Coville. Torrey's Rush. In the Sioux, Minnesota, James and Missouri valleys, and in the Black Hills. Juncus Xiphioides Montaiius, Englm. The Mountain Sedge. A rare plant near Custer, in the Black Hills. Juncoides comosum, (Meyer.) Sheldon. The Hairy Rush. In the Black Hills; rare. MELANTHACE.E. — Bunch-Flower Family. Zygadeims elegaiis, Pursh. Glaucous Zygadenus. In low prairies probably throughout the state, the Lit- tle Minnesota, Sioux, James and Missouri valleys, and in the Black Hills. Zygadenus veiiosus, S. Wats. Poisonous Zygadenus. In the Black Hills, near Hot Springs, Rapid City, etc. Uvularia grandiflora, J. E. Smith. Large-flowered Bellwort. In damp shady ravines in the Little Minnesota valley. LILIACE^.— The Lily Family. Leucocrinum moiitaimm, Nutt. Leucocrinum. Common in the Black Hills, Custer, Rapid City and the adjacent plains. Alliuni tricoccum, Ait. Wild Leek. In damp deep ravines in the Minnesota valley. Alliuni C'ermmm, Both. Nbdding Wild Onion. In the Sioux valley and the Black Hills, abundant. Alliuni stellatum, Kerr. Prairie Wild Onion. Common in dry soils in the Sioux valley and in the - Black Hills. 128 A ! I i ii 111 Caiiaclensis, L. Meadow Garlic. Common in low prairies in the Sioux valley. Allium Nuttallii, S. Wats. Nuttall's Wild Onion. In dry soils in the southern part of the James and Missouri valleys. Allium reticulatum, Don. Fraser's Wild Onion. On dry prairies from the Missouri river eastward and in the Black Hills. Allium G-eyeri, Wats. Geyer's Wild Onion. In the Black Hills. Li I i ii in iimbellatum, Pursh. Western Red Lily. In low prairies in the Little Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Fritillaria atropurpurea, Nutt. Purple Fritillaria. In the Bad Lands region in the south central part of the state. Calochortus Nuttallii, T. & G. Nuttall's Mariposa Lily. In the Black Hills. Calochortus Guimisonii, S. Wats. Gunnison's Mariposa Lily. In the Black Hills and in the Bad Lands. Yucca glauca, Nutt. Bear-grass, Indian Soapweed. Common in the dry soils, especially on bluffs from the Missouri valley to the Black Hills. CONVALLARIACE^. —Lily of the Valley Family. Asparagus, Officiualis, L. Asparagus. Escaped in fields and timber claims in a few places; Brookings, Yankton and Dell Rapids. Vagiiera racemosa, (L.) Morong. Wild Spiknard. Smilacina racemosa. On damp, shady banks in the Sioux and Little Minne- sota valleys. 129 Vjigiiera, stellata, (L ) Morong. Star-flowered Solomon's Seal. Smilacina Stellata, Nutt. In the little Minnesota, Sioux, James and Missouri valleys, and in the Black Hills. Vagiiera amqlexicaulis, (Nutt.) Greene. Western Sol- omon's Seal. Smilacina amplexicaulis, Nutt. In the Black Hills. . Unifolimu Caiiadeiise, (Desf.) Greene. False L,ily-of-the- Valley. Majanthemum Canadense, Desf. In shady woods in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Diosporum tracliycarpum, (S. Wats.) B. & H. Rough - fruited Diosporum. Prosartes trachycarpum, S. Wats. In shady places in the Black Hills. Streptopus amplexifolius, (L.) Dec. Clasping-leaved Twist-foot. Near Sylvan Lake, in the Black Hills. Polygouatum Coiiimutatuiii, (R. & S.) Dietr. True Solomon's Seal. In moist Woods from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Trillium erectum, L. Ill-scented Wake Robin. In deep ravines in the Minnesota valley. Fruiting specimens were also collected in the same locality with the last which agree with T. Grandiflorum, but as no flowers were collected this is not reported as a certainty. SMiivACACE^E. — The Smilax Family. Smilax herbacea, L. Carrion Flower. In woods and thickets throughout the state. 1 30 Sin i hi \ hispida, Muhl. Hispid Greenbrier. In the southern part of the Sioux valley from Sioux Falls southward and in the Southern Missouri valley to Running Water. AMARYLLIDACE^. — Amaryllis Family. Hypoxis hirsuta, (L.) Coville. Star-grass. Common on prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. IRIDACE^E. — The Iris Family! Iris Missourieiisis, Nutt. Western Flag. In wet soils throughout the Black Hills. Sisyrinchium august i folium, Mill. Pointed Blue-eyed Grass. Common from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. ORCHIDACE^E.— The Orchid Family. Cyprepedium candidum, (Willd.) Small White Ladies' Slipper. In low, damp meadows in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Cyprepedium hirsutum, Mill. Large Yellow Ladies' Slipper. In the deep, shaded ravines of the Minnesota valley. Cyprepedium parviflorran, Salisb. Small Yellow Ladies' Slipper. In woods in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Habeiiaria hyperborea, (L.) Tall Green Orchis. In bogs in the Little Missouri valley and in the Black Hills. Habeiiaria bracteata, (Wild.) R. Br. Long-bracted Orchis. In damp woods in the Little Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Habeiiaria leucopliaea, (Nutt.) A. Gray. Prairie White- fringed Orchis. In low prairies in the Sioux valley near Brookings; rare. Gyrostachys Roiiiaiizoffiaiia, (Cham.) MacM. Hooded Ladies' Tresses. Spiranthes Romanzoffiana, (Cham.) In low ground in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. Peramium repeiis, (L.) Salisb. Lesser Rattlesnake Plaintain. Goodyera repens, R. Br. In the Black Hills. Gorallorhiza Corollorhiza, (L.) Karst. Early Coral- root. In woods in the Little Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Corallorhiza multiflora, Nutt. Large Coral-root. On shady banks in the Black Hills. DICOTYLEDONES. JUGLANDACE^B). — Walnut Family. Jug-lans nigra, L. Black Walnut. Occurs native only in the southeastern part of the state; Union county. 132 SALICACE^.— Willow Family. Populus balsamifera, L. Balsam Poplar. In the deep, wooded ravines of the Minnesota valley; rare. It is reported also from near Sioux Falls, but no specimens have been seen.* Populus angustifolia, James. Narrow-leaved Cotton- wood. In the Black Hills. Populus acumiiiata, Rydberg. Black Cottonwood. Near Hot Springs in the Black Hills. Populus tremuloides, Michx. American Aspen. On the dry bluffs and in the spring swamps in the Minnesota valley, in the higher altitudes in the Black Hills, and in isolated patches between the Missouri river and the Black Hills. It is reported also from the Sioux valley, but no specimens have been seen. Populus deltoides, Marsh. Cottonwood. Around lakes and bordering streams throughout the state; common. Salix iiigra, Marsh. Black Willow. A shrub or small tree, common along streams in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Salix fluviatilis, Nutt. Sand-bar Willow. Salix longifolia, Gray. A small, slender shrub, along streams and lakes throughout the state; the commonest of the willows. Salix Bebbiaua, Sarg. Bebb's Willow. Salix rostrata, Richards. In the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Salix h u in Mis, Marsh. Prairie "Willow. Common in the Minnesota region; it is usually found on the wooded bluffs or the edge of the open prairie, acting as the advance guard of the wooded formations. *WilHams, Bulletin 43, U. S. Exp. Sta., S. D.; 105; 1895. 133 Salix discolor, Muhl. Glaucous Willow. In cold swamps in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Salix cordata, Muhl. Heart-leaved Willow. Along streams throughout the state. Salix balsamifera, (Hook.) Barrett. Balsam Willow. In the cold spring swamps in the Minnesota region. Salix aclenophylla, (Hook.) Furry Willow. A single specimen was collected on the shores of one of the numerous lakes found in the coteaus in the north- eastern part of the state, which is doubtfully referred to this species. Salix myrtilloides, L. Bog Willow. In the boggy swamps at the head of the coulies in the Minnesota region. BETULACE.E.— The Birch Family. Ostrya virgiuica, (Mill.) Iron-wood. On wooded bluffs in the Minnesota region, and among the foot-hills in the Black Hills. Corylus Americana, Walt. Hazelnut. In thickets and open woods in the Minnesota and Sioux regions, and in the Black Hills. Corylus rostrata, Ait. Beaked Hazelnut. In the Black Hills, not as common as the last. Betula papyrifera, Marsh. Canoe Birch. Common in the Black Hills. Betula occideiitalis, Hook. Western Red Birch. In the Black Hills; common. Betula glaudulosa, Michx. Scrub Birch. A low shrub, abundant in many places in the Black .Hills. 134 . — Beech Family. Quercus macrocarpa, Michx. Burr Oak. In rich, open woods and on dry bluffs, in the vicinity of streams or lakes throughout the state. The White Oak (Quercus Alba] has been reported for this state, but wherever specimens were received or the locality visited, the tree proved to be one of the numerous forms of the Burr Oak. It seems very doubtful if the white oak occurs in this state. ULMACE^). — The Elm Family. Ulmus Americana, L. White Elm. Along streams and lakes throughout the state. Ulmus fulva, Michx. Slippery Elm. Extends up the Sioux river to Sioux Falls, and up the Missouri river nearly to Chamberlain. A few trees were also found around Buffalo Lake in the northeastern part of the state, just west of the head waters of the lyittle Minnesota. Celtis occidental!®, L. Hackberry. In the vicinity of lakes and streams throughout the state. MoRACE^e. — The Mulberry Family. Moms rubra, L. Red Mulberry. This tree is found naturally only in the extreme southeastern county of the state, along the Sioux river; Elk Point. 1 1 ii in it I us Lupulus, L. Hops. In thickets bordering streams and lakes throughout the state. Caimabis sativa, L. Hemp. Sparingly introduced into the state from the Missouri river eastward. 135 URTICACE^. — Nettle Family. Urtica gracilis, Ait. Slender Nettle. In thickets and low ground throughout the state. Urticastrum divaricatum, (L.) Kuntze. Wood Nettle. Laportea Canadensis, Gaud. In low, rich woods from the Missouri river eastward. Adicea Pumila, (L.) Raf. Clearweed. Pilea pumila^ Gray. In damp, shady ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Parietaria Pennsylvania, Muhl. Pennsylvanian pel- litory. In shady woods from the Missouri eastward, and in the Black Hills. SANTALACE^E. — Sandal- wood Family. Comaudra umbellata, (I/.) Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax. On dry, gravelly bluffs from the Missouri valley east- ward. Coinandra pallida, A. DC. Pale Comandra. From the Missouri river westward throughout the state, including the Black Hills. POLYGONACE^E. — Buckwheat Family. Eriogouum annum, Nutt. Annual Eriogonum. In the Black Hills, and also extending over most of the plains region from the Missouri valley westward. Eriogonum multiceps, Nees. Branched Eriogonum. On the dry plains from the Missouri river westward, and in the Black Hills. Eriogonum pauciflorum, Pursh. Few-flowered Erio- gonum. In the Black Hills, and in the surrounding plain region. i36 Eriogonum flavum, Nutt. Yellow Eriogonum. In the Black Hills. Rumex acetosella, L. Sheep Sorrel. A European weed introduced into pastures and timber claims, etc., in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. Rumex venosus, Pursh. Veined Dock. From the bluffs of the Missouri river westward, in- cluding the Black Hills. Rumex altissimus, Wood. Peach-leaved Dock. Common along streams and in wet ground from the Missouri valley eastward. Rumex salicifolius, Weinm. Pale Dock. In low ground near lakes and streams throughout the state. Rumex Britaimica, L,. Great-water Dock. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Rumex occicleutalis, S. Wats. Western Dock. On the plains west of the Missouri river, and in the Black Hills. Rumex crispus, L. Curled Dock. Sparingly introduced into the state from the Missouri river eastward, and in the Black Hills. Rumex persicarioides, L. Golden Dock. Abundant on damp, shady shores from the Missouri valley eastward. Polygoimm viviparum, L. Alpine Bistort. In damp, mossy places in the Black Hills. Polygonum amphibiiim, L. Water persicaria. In shallow water in the Minnesota, the Sioux and the James valleys. Polygouum Hartwrightii, Gray. Hartwright's Persi- caria. In the Sioux valley; rare. '37 Polygonum emersum, (Mich.) Britton. Swamp Persi- caria. In swamps and edges of ponds throughout the state. Polyg'oimm lapatliifoliimi, L- Dock-leaved Persicaria. In waste places throughout the state; rare west of the Missouri, except in the Black Hills. Polygonum lapathifoliuiii incaimm, (Schmidt.) Kock. Same range as the type. Polygoimm Peimsylvaiiicuiii, L. Pennsylvania Persi- caria. In moist soil from the Missouri valley eastward. Polygoimm Persicaria, L. Ladies' Thumb. Common in waste places from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Polyg'oimm hyclropiper, L. Smart- weed. In moist places in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Polygonum pimctatum, Ell. Water Smart-weed. Polygonum acre^ H. B. K. In cold swamps in the Minnesota valley. Polygonum aviculare, L. Knot-grass. In waste ground throughout the state. Polygouum littorale, Link. Shore Knot-weed. In waste places in the Black Hills. Polygonum erectum, L. Erect Knot- weed. In dry soils throughout the state. Polygoimm ramosissiiimm, Michx. Bushy Knot- weed. A common weed in dry soils, throughout the state. Polygoimm cainporum, Meisu. Prairie Knot-weed. On prairies from the Missouri river eastward. Polygoimm temie, Michx. Slender Knot- weed. In ground that has been broken from the Missouri river eastward. 138 Polygoiiuiii Douglassii, Greene. Douglas Knot-weed. In the Black Hills and near Sand Lake in the James valley. Polygonuin Convolvulus, L. Black Bind -weed. A most troublesome weed in cultivated ground throughout the state. Polygonum scandens, L,. Climbing False Buckwheat.. In thickets from the Missouri river eastward. Polygonum Sawacheiise, Small. Western Persicaria. Near Custer, in the Black Hills. CHENOPODIACE^.— The Goosefoot Family. Cheiiopodium album, L. Lamb's-quarter. Pigweed. A weed naturalized in waste places throughout the state. Cheiiopodium glaucum, L. Oak -leaved Goosefoot. A weed naturalized; it prefers low, alkaline soils; in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Chenopodium leptophyllum, (Moq,) Nutt. Narrow- leaved Goosefoot. In the Black Hills. Chenopodium leptophyllum oblongifolium, Wats. The Oblong-leaved Chenopod. Near the Cheyenne river, east of the Black Hills. Cheiiopodium Boscianum, Moq. Bosc's Goosefoot. In woods in the Minnesota region. Cheiiopodium Fremontii, S. Wats. Fremont's Goose- foot. In damp woods in the Black Hills. Cheiiopodium Fremontii iiicaimm, S. Wats. In the Black Hills. Cheiiopodium hybridum, L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot. In open woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. 139 Cheiiopodium rubrum, L. Red Goosefoot. In low, alkaline soils in the Sioux, Minnesota and James valleys. Blitum capitatuin, L. Strawberry Blight. Chenopodium capitatum, (L.) Wats. In the BJack Hills. Cycloma atriplicifoliinii, (Spreng.) Coult. Cycloma. Cycloma plalyphyllum, Moq. In the foot-hills of the Black Hills, and the adjacent plains region; Rapid City, etc. Moiiolepos Nuttaliana, (R. & S.) Greene. Monolepis. Monolepis chenopodioid.es, Moq. In alkaline soils in the Black Hills, and from there eastward to the Missouri river. Atriplex hastata, L. Halbert-leaved Orache. In low, alkaline places throughout the state. Atriplex argentea, Nutt. Silver Orache. In alkaline soils from the Missouri river westward. Atriplex canescens, (Pursh.) James. Bushy Atriplex. Abundant in alkaline soils from the Missouri river westward; not yet reported from the Black Hills. Eurotia lauata, (Pursh.) Moq. White Sage. In the Bad Lands, just east of the Black Hills. Corispermum hysopifolium, L,. Bug-seed. In the Bad Lands, east of the Black Hills. Salicornia herbacea, L,. Slender Glasswort. In low, alkaline meadows in the Minnesota region near Wihnot, and in the James valley near Iroquois. Doiidia depressa, (Pursh.) Britton. Western Blight. In alkaline soils with the last throughout the state. Salsola tragus, L. Russian Thistle. In waste places throughout the state, but most abun- dant in the James and the Missouri valleys. A very 140 \ troublesome weed in waste places, but easily destroyed by cultivation. When young and tender it is readily eaten by sheep. AMARANTHACE^E. — Amaranth Family. Amaraiithus retroflexus, L. Rough Pigweed. An introduced weed in waste soil throughout the state, but not common in the central and western part. Amaraiithus hybridus, L. Slender Pigweed. A naturalized weed in waste places from the Missouri river eastward, less common than the last. Amaraiithus blitoides, S. Wats. Prostrate Amaranth. In cultivated and waste fields from the Missouri river eastward. Amaraiithus grsecizaiis, L. Tumbleweed. A common weed in cultivated ground throughout the state. Acnicla tamariscina, (Nutt.) Wood. Western Water- hemp. Occasional in swamps and low places, which ate somewhat brackish, from the Missouri river eastward. Aciiida tamarascina tnberculata, (Moq.) Uline & Bray. Tubercaled Water-hemp. Same range as the last. NYCTAGINACE^E.— Four-o'clock Family. Allioiiia iiyctagiiiea, Michx. Heart-leaved Umbrella- wort. In thickets throughout the state. Allioiiia albicla, Walt. Pale Umbrellawort. In the Black Hills. Allioiiia hirsuta, Pursh. Hairy Umbrellawort. In dry soil throughout the state. Allioiiia liiiearis, Pursh. Narrow-leaved Umbrellawort. In dry soil from the Missouri valley westward. Abroiiia fragraiis, Nutt. White Abronia. In the Bad Lands, east of the Black Hills. PORTULACACE^. — Purslane Family. Taliiiuiu teretifolium, Pur-sh. Fame-flower. On dry, rocky hills in the Sioux valley near Dell Rapids, and in the Black Hills. Claytoiiia perfoliata amplecteus, Greene. Spanish Lettuce. In the Black Hills. Portnlaca oleracea, L. Pursley. Purslane. An introduced weed in cultivated grounds throughout the state. CARYOPHYLLACE^B. — The Pink Family. Sileiia Noctiflora, L. Night-flowering Catchfly. An introduced weed, occutring occasionally in the Sioux valley. Lychiiiis alba, Mill. White Champion. Sparingly introduced near Brookings. Lychiiiis Dnuumoudii, (Hook.) S. Wats. Drummond's Pink. In the Black Hills, Custer and Rapid City. Sapoiiaria ofticiiialis, L. Soapwort, Bouncing Bet. Escaped from cultivation in the Sioux valley. Vaccaria vaccaria, (L.) Britton. Cow-herd. Saponaria vaccaria, L. Occurs occasionally in the Sioux and Minnesota val- leys, and in the Black Hills. Alsiiie media, L. Chick weed. Stellaria media, Cyr. Sparingly introduced in the Sioux valley. 142 Alsiiie loiigifolia, (Muhl.) Britton. Long-leaved Stitch- wort. Stellaria longifolia, Muhl. In the Minnesota and Sioux valley, and in the Black Hills. Alsiiie borealis, (Bigel.) Britton. Northern Stitchwort Stellaria borealis, Bigel. In cold bogs in the Minnesota and the extreme eastern part of the Sioux valley, Elkton; rare. Agrostemma Githago, L. Corn Cockle. In grain fields from the Missouri river eastward. Silena acaulis, L. Moss Champion. In the Black Hills, Rapid City. Silena stellata, (L,.) Ait. Starry Champion. In woods in the southern part of the Sioux valley; Flandreau, Sioux Falls. Silena vulgaris, (Moench.) Garcke. Bladder Champion. An introduced weed in the Sioux valley near Brook- ings. Sileiia aiitirrhina, L,. Sleepy Catchfly. Occasional in low prairies in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys, and in the Black Hills. Cerastium loiigipedunculatuin, Muhl. Powderhorn. Abundant in moist shade in the Black Hills. Cerastium brachypodium, (Englm.) Robinson. Short- stalked Chickweed. From the Missouri river eastward, and in the Black Hills. Cerastium arveiise, L. Field Chickweed. Same range as the last, but more abundant. Cerastiiim arveiise obloiiglfoliuiu, (Torr.) Holl. & Brett. Occasional in the Sioux, the James valley, and in the Black Hills. 143 Arenaria Hookerii, Nutt. Hooker's Sand wort. In dry, rocky soil in the Black Hills, and the adjoin- ing hills and buttes. Arenaria verna, L. Vernal Sandwort. In shady, rocky soil in the Black Hills. Arenaria stricta, Michx. Rock Sandwort. In sandy soil in the Black Hills. Mcehriiigia lateriflora, (L.) Fenyl. Blunt-leaved Sand- wort. Arenaria lateriflora^ L. In rich, shady soil in the Minnesota valley, and in the Black Hills. Spergula arveiisis, L. Spurey. A naturalized weed, sparingly introduced in the Sioux valley. Paronychia Jamesii, T. & G. James' Whitlow-wort. On dry soil in the Black Hills, and the surrounding plains. NYMPHJSACE^. — Water Lily Family. ]Nymph?ea adveiia, Soland. Large Yellow Pond Lily. Nuphar advena, R. Br. In ponds and streams throughout the state, except in the dryer part of the plains region. Nymphaea oclerata, (Dryand.) Woods & Wood. Pond Lily. Quite authentic reports have been received of the oc- currence of this species in a tributary of the Sioux river southeast of Brookings, in the extreme eastern part of the state, but no specimens have been seen. CERATOPHYLLACE^. Ceratophyllum demersum, L. Hornwort. One of the most abundant plants in ponds, lakes and slow streams, from the Missouri river eastward. 144 RANUNCULACE^. — The Crowfoot, or Buttercup Family. Caltha palustris, L. Marsh Marigold. In cold, springy swamps and low meadows in the Minnesota valley. Acttea rubra, (Ait.) Willd. Red Baneberry. In rich woods near lakes and streams in the Sioux valley, and in the Black Hills. Actsea rubra arguta, (Nutt.) Greene. Western Baneberry. Occurs in the Black Hills. Actrea alba, (L.) Mill. White Baneberry. In the Sioux valley with the last species. Aquilegia Caiiadeiisis, L. Wild Columbine. On damp, shady banks in the vicinity of lakes and streams in the Minnesota, Sioux, James, and the south- ern part of the Missouri valleys, and in the Black Hills. Aquilegia Canadensis formosa, (Fisch.) Cooper. Occurs rarely in the Black Hills. Aquilegia brevistyla, Hook. Small-flowered Columbine. On shady banks in the Black Hills. Delphinium Caroliiiianum, Walt. Carolina Larkspur. Common in open ground from the Missouri eastward. Delphinium bicolor, Nutt. Mewzie's Larkspur. A variable species, common in the Black Hills. Delphinium urceolatum, Jacq. Tall Larkspur. A single fragmentary specimen was received from x Rapid City in the spring of 1898, which is very doubt- fully referred to this species. Acouitum Fischeri, Reich. Fisher's Monkshood. Wolfs- bane. In damp ravines in the Black Hills. Anemone Garoliniaua, Walt. Caroline Anemone. On prairies, especially in low places from the Missouri eastward. H5 Anemone miiltifida, Poir. Red Wind Flower. Occurs only in the Black Hills. Anemone cyliiidrica, A. Gray. Long-fruited Anemone. On prairies throughout the state. Anemone virgiiiiaiia, L. Tall Anemone. In open woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Anemone Caiiadeiisis, L. Canadian Anemone. In low ground, especially in the vicinity of woods or thickets, from the Missouri eastward. Pulsatilla hirsutissima, (Pursh.) Britton. Pasque Flower, Anemone patens Nutalliana, DC. Throughout the state; especially abundant on sandy bluffs and hills from the Missouri river eastward; one of the earliest flowers that blooms on the open prairie. Quite severe losses occasionally occur to the sheep industry by the formation of "hair balls" in the stomach of sheep which have eaten too greedily of this plant. The trouble most often occurs early in the spring, before the grasses have made much growth. Clematis Virgiiiiaiia, L,. Virginian Virgin's Bower. Along streams and lakes in the Sioux, James and Minnesota valleys. Clematis ligusticifblia, Nutt. Western Virgin's Bower. In thickets along streams from the Missouri westward. Clematis Scottii, Porter. Scott's Clematis. In the Black Hills. Clematis alpiua tenuiloba, (Gray.) Rydberg. Alpine Clematis. Occurs occasionally in canons in the Black Hills. Myosnriis minimus, L. Mouse-tail. Occurs in low places in several localities in the James river valley, from the central part of the state south- ward; Kingsbury, Miner and Aurora counties. 1 46 Ranunculus delphinifolius, Torr. Yellow Water-crow- foot. Ranunculus multifidus^ Pursh. In ponds and streams from the Missouri river eastward. Ranunculus ovalis, Raf. Prairie Crowfoot. Ranunculus rhomboideus, Goldie. On prairies and banks of streams throughout the state. Ranunculus abortivus, .!,. Kidney-leaved Crowfoot. In rich woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Ranunculus sceleratus, I/. Celery-leaved Crowfoot. In the Sioux, the Minnesota and the southern part of the James valley, and in the Black Hills. Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus, Lf. Bristly Buttercup. In low, wet ground in the Minnesota, the Sioux and the James valleys, and in the Black Hills. Ranunculus Macounii, Britton. Macoun's Buttercup. A common species in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys, and in the Black Hills. Ranunculus pedatifidus cardiophyllus, (Hook.) Britton. Occurs in the Black Hills. Ranunculus septentrionalis, Poir. Swamp Buttercup. Common in low, wet meadows in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Batrachium divaricatum, (Schrank.) Wimm. Water Crowfoot. Ranunculus trichophyllus, Chaix. Common in ponds and streams throughout the state. Oxygraphis cymbalaria, (Pursh.) Prantl. Seaside Crow- foot. Ranunculus cymbalaria, Pursh. In sandy soil throughout the state. Thalictrum cliocium, L. Early Meadow Rue. Occurs occasionally from the James valley eastward; Brown and Brookings counties. Thalictrum veimlosum, Trelease. Veiny Meadow Rue. In the Black Hills. Thalictrum occicleiitale, Gray. Western Meadow Rue. Dr. Rydberg is not quite certain of his identification of this^pecies, as he was unable to obtain fruit. Thalictrum purpursisceiis, L,. Purplish Meadow Rue. In thickets and woods throughout the state. BERBERIDACE^. — Barberry Family. Berberis aqiiifolium, Pursh. Trailing Mahonia. Berber is repens, Lindl. A trailing shrub, common in canons in the Black Hills. Caulophyllum thalictroides, (I/.) Michx. Blue Cohosh. In rich woods in the Minnesota region. MENISPERMACE.E. — Moonseed Family. Meiiisperiiium Caiiadense, L. Canada Moonseed. In woods and thickets along streams from thePMis- souri eastward. PAPAVERACE^;. — Poppy Family. Argemoue alba, Lestib. White Prickly Poppy. In draws and on open plains in the foot-hills to the Black Hills, and ranging eastward nearly to the Missouri river. Saiiguiiiaria cauacleiisis, L. Bloodroot. In damp, rich woods in the Minnesota region. Bicuculla cucullaria, (L.) Millsp. Dutchman's Breeches. Dicentra cucullaria, DC. In rich woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. 148 Capiioides aiireum, (Willd.) Kuntze. Golden Corydalis. Corydalis aurea, Willd.. In light soil in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. It was collected along a railroad embankment, and was possibly introduced from farther east. Capnoidea curvisiliquin, (Englm.) Kuntze. Curved- fruited Corydalis. Corydalis curvisiliqua, Englm. Common in the Black Hills. .— Mustard Family. Stanleya piunata, (Pursh.) Britton. Stanleya. On dry prairies in the Black Hills region. Lepidium virgiiiicum, L. Wild Pepper-grass. A weed in fields and roadsides in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Lepidium apetalum, Willd. Apetalous Pepper-grass. Lepidium intermedium, Gray. A very abundant weed in cultivated fields and waste places from the Missouri river eastward. Lepidium iiicisuiii, Roth. Cut-leaved Pepper-grass. Occurs rarely in the Black Hills. Thalaspi arveiise, L. Field Pepper-grass. Sparingly introduced in the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls. Doubtless introduced from Manitoba, where it is a troublesome weed. Sisymbrium oflicinale, (L.) Scop. Hedge Mustard. A common weed in waste places from the Missouri river eastward. Sisymbrium altissimum, L. Tumbling Mustard. A common and troublesome weed in the Minnesota valley, doubtless introduced from Assinoboia. BraHHica iiigra, (L.) Kocb. Black Mustard. A common introduced weed in waste places. Brassica arveusis, (L.) B. S. P. Wild Mustard. Brassica sinapistrum, Bois. A troublesome weed in cultivated fields throughout the state, but more abundant in the eastern part. It is much more abundant and harder to eradicate in the bot- tom lands. Sinapsis alba, L. White Mustard. Brassica alba, Bois. A weed in cultivated and waste places throughout the state. Roripa siiiiata, (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchcock. Spreading Yellow-cress. Occasional in low places from the Missouri valley eastward. Koripa palustris, (I,.) Bess. Marsh Water-cress. Nasturtium palustris, DC. In low, wet places throughout the state. Roripa hispicla, (Desv.) Britton. Hispid Yellow-cress. Nasturtium hispidium, DC. Occasional in low places from the Missouri valley eastward. Roripa nasturtium, (L.) Rusby. Water-cress. Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. Naturalized near Hot Springs in the Black Hills. Roripa armoracia, (L,.) A. S. Hitchcock's Horseradish. •Nasturtium armoracia, Fries. Sparingly introduced into the Sioux valley. Carclamine bulbosa, (Schreb.) B. S. P. Bulbous Cress. Cardamine rhomboida, DC. In shallow water and low meadows in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Carclamine rotimclifolia, Michx. American Water-cress. In cold, springy bogs in the Minnesota region. 150 Carclaiiiiiie prateiisis, (L ) Cuckoo-flower. Specimens collected in the cold spring swamp near Lake Traverse in the Minnesota region, one doubtfully referred to this species. Physaria diclymocarpa, (Hook.) Gray. Double Bladder- pod. On the dry plains east of the Black Hills. Lesquerella Spathulata, Rydberg. Low Bladder-pod. On dry knolls in the Black Hills and the surrounding plains. Lesquerella argentia areiiosa, (Richards.) Wats. Sil- very Bladder-pod. Vesicaria arenosa, Richards. In the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. Bursa Bursa-pastoris, (L.) Britton. Shepard's Purse. Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Medic. Sparingly introduced from the Missouri eastward and in the Black Hills. Camelina saliva, (L.) -False Flax. Occasional in flax fields and waste places in the Sioux valley and the Black Hills. Draba Caroliiiiaiia, Walt. Carolina Whitlow-grass. On dry, sandy knolls from the James valley westward. Draba Caroliiiiana micrantha, (Mott.) Gray. In the Black Hills. Draba nemorasa, L. Wood Whitlow-grass. Occasional on sandy knolls in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. Draba aurea, Vahl. Golden Whitlow-grass. In the Black Hills. Sophia iiiHsa, (Engelm.) Greene. Western Tansy Mus- tard. Sisymbrium incisum, Engelm. Occasional throughout the state. Sophia Hartwegiana, (Fourn.) Greene. Hastings' Tansy Mustard. Sisymbrium Hartwegianum, Fourn. Common in dry soil in the Sioux valley. Arabis hirsuta, (I/.) Scop. Hairy Rock-cress. On prairies in the Minnesota, Sioux and James val- leys and in the Black Hills. Arabis Cauacleiisis, L,. Sickle-pod. In open woods in the Minnesota valley. Arabis brachycarpa, (T. & G.) Britton. Purple Rock- cress. In woods in the Minnesota valley. Arabis glabra, (L.) Bernh. Tower Mustard. Arabis perfoliata, L. Occasional in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Arabis Horboellii, Hormen. Horboell's Rock-cress. In the Black Hills. Erysimum cheiraiithoides, (I,.) Treachle Mustard. In thickets in the vicinity of streams in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Erysmium iiicoiispicuum, (S. Wats.) MacM. Small Erysimum. In the Sioux valley and the Black Hills; not common. Erysimum Syrticolum, Sheldon. Sand Erysimum. In the Minnesota region, near Bigstone lake. Erysimum asperum, DC. Western Wall-flower. On dry soil from the Missouri valley westward. Matthiola feiiestralis, Stock. There is a single specimen in the herbarium from Spring lake, Walworth county, with no note as to the extent to which it has become naturalized. 152 Coriiigia orient-alls, (L.) Dumort. Hare's-ear Mustard. Sparingly introduced from the Missouri valley east- ward, becoming troublesome in some localities. CAPPARIDACE/E. — Caper Family. Cleoma serrulata, Pursh. Pink Cleome. Cleoma integifolia, T. & G. From the Missouri valley westward; not abundant. Polaiiisia trachysperma, T. & G. Clammy Weed. On sandy and gravelly shores throughout the state. CRASSULACE^E. — Orpine Family. Sedum stenopetalum, Pursh. Western Stone Crop. On dry, rocky knolls in the Black Hills. Penthorum sedoides, L. Virginian Stone Crop. Along and in streams in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; abundant. SAXIFRAGACE^S. — Saxifrage Family. Saxifraga cernua, L. Nodding Saxifrage. Near Sylvan lake, in the Black Hills. Heuchera hispida, Pursh. Rough Heuchera, Alum-root. In thickets from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Heuchera parviflora, Nutt. Small Flowered Alum-root. Near Rockford in the Black Hills. Parnassia Caroliniana, Michx. Grass of Parnassus. In cold swamps in the Minnesota region, and one station, near Elkton, in the Sioux valley. Pariiassia parviflora, DC. Small-flowered Grass ot Par- nassus. In cold swamps in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. 153 Tellima parviflora, Hook. Small-flowered Tellinia. Iti the Black Hills, rare. GROSSULARIACE^S. — Gooseberry Family. Kibes gracile, Michx. Missouri Gooseberry. Common in woods and thickets from the Missouri val- ley eastward. Kibes oxycaiithoicles, L, Northern Gooseberry. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Kibes lacustre, (Pers.) Poir. Swamp Gooseberry. In the Black Hills. Kibes Setosum, Lindl. Bristly Gooseberry. Common in the Black Hills and along streams in the adjoining plains. Kiber floridum, L'Her. Wild Black Currant. Very common along streams from the Missouri valley eastward. Kibes cereum, Dougl. Squaw Currant. Common in the "draws" and canons in the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. Doubtless extending eastward nearly to the Missouri river. Kibes aureum, Pursh. Golden or Buffalo Currant. In thickets and along streams from the Missouri val- ley westward. ROSACE^. — Rose Family. Opulaster opulifolius, (L.) Kuntze. Ninebark. Common in the Black Hills. Opulaster moiiogyna, (Torr.) Kuntze. Small-flowered Ninebark. In the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. Spiraea salicifolia, L,. Willow-leaved Meadowsweet. In moist ground in the Minnesota valley, and in the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls. Spiraea lucida, Dougl. Corymbed Spiraea. Spir&a betulifolia, Hook. On banks in the Black Hills. Luetkea ca^spetosa, (Nutt.) Kuntze. Tufted Meadow- sweet. Spirtza ccespitosa, Nutt. In the Black Hills. Rulms parviflorus, Nutt. Salmon-berry. Rubus nutkanus, Mocino. In the Black Hills. Rulms strigosus, Michx. Red Raspberry. Along streams and in rocky places throughout the state. Kulms occideiitalis, I/. Black Raspberry. From the Missouri river eastward. In general it is not as common as the last, especially rare in the Missouri valley. Rubus Americanus, (Pers.) Britton. Dwarf Raspberry. Rubus triflorus, Richards. In cold swamps in the Minnesota region and in the Black Hills. Fragaria Virginian a, Duchesne. Strawberry. In rather low ground throughout the state, but not abundant. Fragaria Americana, (Porter.) Britton. Wood Straw- berry. Indian Strawberry. Fragaria Vesca Americana, Porter. In woods in the Minnesota region, and in the Black Hills. Potentilla arguta, Pursh. Tall Cinquefoil. On dry prairies throughout the state. 155 Poteiitilla iiivea dissecta, Wats. Snowy Cinquefoil. A rare plant, occurring in the Black Hills near Hot Springs. Potentilla Moiispeliensis, Iy. Rough Cinquefoil. Potentilla Norvegica, I,. In dry soils throughout the state. Potentilla leucocarpa, Rydberg. Diffuse Cinquefoil. Potentilla rival-is millegrama, S. Wats. In the Black Hills and the Sioux valley. Potentilla paracloxa, Nutt. Bushy Cinquefoil. Potentilla supina, Michx. In sandy soil throughout the state; not abundant. Potentilla Hippiaiia, I,ehm. Woolly Cinquefoil. Occurs only in the Black Hills. Potentilla hippiana diffusa, (Gray.) Lehm. Occurs with the type in the Black Hills. Potentilla Peimsylvanica, L. Prairie Cinquefoil. On prairies from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Potentilla fruiticosa, L. Shrubby Cinquefoil. In moist, rocky places in the Black Hills. Potentilla aiiseriiia, L. Silver-weed. In alkaline places from the Missouri river eastward. Potentilla glaiidulosa, Lindl. Glandular Cinquefoil. In the Black Hills. Potentilla gracilis, Dougl. Slender Cinquefoil. In the Black Hills. Potentilla gracilis fastigiata, (Nutt.) Wats. Near Rockford in the Black Hills. Potentilla conciiiiia, Richards. Elegant Cinquefoil. Near Custer in the Black Hills. Potentilla coiiciima humistrata, Ryd. In the Black Hills, in the vicinity of Deadwood. 156 Geum ciliatiim, Pursh. Long-plumed Purple Avens. Geum triflorum, Pursh. On prairies and in thickets throughout the state. (M- n in Caiiacleusis, Jacq. White Avens. In woods and thickets from the Missouri river east- ward. Geum Virgiiiiaimiii, L. Rough Avens. In low ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Geum Macrophylliim, Willd. Large-leaved Avens. Near Rockford in the Black Hills. Geum strictum, Ait. Yellow Avens. Occasional throughout the state. Cercocarpus parvifolius, H. & A. Small-leaved cerco- carpus. On dry, rocky knolls in the Black Hills. Agromiiiia hirsuta, (Muhl.) Becknell. Hairy Agrimonia. Agrimonia eupatoria kirsuta, Muhl. In thickets in the Minnesota and James valley and in the Black Hills. Agrimonia parviflora, Soland. Many-flowered Agri- monia. Occasional in woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Rosa blaiula, Ait. Meadow Rose. In thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Rosa acicularis. Prickly Rose. Abundant in the Black Hills. Rosa woodesii, Lindl. Wood Rose. From the James valley westward, common only in the Black Hills. POMACE^.— Apple Family. Sorlms sarnlmcifolia, (C. & S.) Roem. Western Moun- tain Ash. 157 Pyrus sambuci folia, C. &. S. Doubtfully reported by Dr. Rydberg as occurring near Sturgis in the Black Hills. Anielanchier Canadensis, (L,. ) Media. June Berry, Ser- vice Berry. Along the Sioux river near Sioux Falls. Anielanchier rotunclifolia, (Michx.) Roem. Round- leaved June Berry. Amelanchiey Canadensis rotundifolia, T. & G. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. , Amelanchier aluifolia, Nutt. Northwestern June Berry. Amelanchier Canadensis alnifolia, T. & G. In thickets and on dry knolls from the James valley westward; common. Crataegus macracaiitha, Lodd. I/ong Spined Thorn- apple. Cratcegus coccinea macracantha, Dudley. Common in thickets in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys, and in the Black Hills. Cratsegus mollis, (T. & G.) Scheele. Red-fruited Thorn. Crattzgus tomentora mollis, Gray. Occasional in thickets in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. DRUPACE^;. — Plum Family. Primus Americana, Marsh. Wild Plum. Very abundant in thickets in the vicinity of lakes and streams throughout the state. Primus Besseyi, Bailey. Western Sand Cherry. On bluffs and banks of streams from the James valley westward. Primus Peimsylvaiiica, L. F. Pin Cherry or Wild Red Cherry. This species has only been reported from the Black Hills. Primus Virginiana, L. Choke Cherry. Along streams and lakes throughout the state. Primus demissa, (Nutt.) Walp. Western Wild Cherry. Along streams from the Missouri valley westward. Prunus serotiiia, Ehrh. Black Cherry. Rare in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. MIMOSACE^;. — Mimosa Family. Acuaii Illiiioensis, (Michx.) Kuntze. Desmanthus brachylobus, Benth . On sandy or rocky banks of streams and lakes; occa- sional in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Morongia uncinata, (Willd.) Britton* Sensitive-brier. Schrankia uncinala, Willd. In dry soil from the Missouri valley westward. .— Senna Family. Cercis Canadensis, L. Red -bud. This species is reported by Engelman to be found at the mouth of the Sioux river. It has not yet been col- lected there or elsewhere in the state. If it reaches our southeastern limit it must be quite rare. Cassia chamaecrista, L. Sensitive Pea. Jn the southern part of the Sioux and James valleys, near Sioux Falls, Elk Point and Yankton. Crleditsia triacanthos, L. Sweet Locust. Along the Sioux river in the extreme southeastern county, Union county. Oymnocladus dioica, (L ) Koch. Kentucky Coffee-tree. Along the Missouri river in the two southeastern counties, Clay and Union. PAPILUONACE^E. — Pea Family. Sophora sericea, Nutt. Silky Sophora. On prairies from the Missouri valley westward. Thermopsis rhoiubifolia, (Nutt.) Richards. Prairie Thermopsis. On banks and in draws from the Missouri valley west- ward. Crotalaria sagitalis, L. Rattle-box. On prairies in the southern part of the state, east of the Missouri river; Union, Clay, Yankton and Charles Mix counties. Lupiims sericeus, Pursh. Woolly Lupine. In the Black Hills. Lupiiius parviflorus, Nutt. Small-flowered Lupine. Common in the Black Hills. Lupiims pusillus, Pursh. Low Lupine. Common on the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward. Melilotus alba, Desv. White Sweet Clover. Sparingly naturalized in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Melilotus officinalis, (L.) Lam. Sweet Yellow Clover. Escaped from cultivation in the Sioux valley near Brookings. Trifolium procumbens, L. Low Hop Clover. Sparingly naturalized in the Sioux valley. Trifolium stoloiiiferum, Muhl. Running Buffalo Clover. In low prairies and woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; introduced. Trifolium Beckwitbii, Brewer. Beckwith's Clover. Very abundant around swails and in low meadows in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Our only native clover. Trifolium repens, (L.) White Clover. Sparingly introduced in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. i6o Trifoliuiii pratense, L. Red Clover. Sparingly naturalized in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Lotus Americanus, (Nutt.) Bisch. Prairie Bird's-foot Trefoil. Hosackia purshiana, Benth. On low, sandy land, mostly in the vicinity of streams, locally very abundant; it is the most nutritious of all our native forage crops. In cultivation, however, its growth is uncertain. The name of " Dakota Vetch " has been applied to it by J. G. Smith. Psoralea tenuiflora, Pursh. Few-flowered Psoralea. Common in dry soils from the Missouri river valley westward. Psoralea digitata, Nutt. Digitate Psoralea. Occasional in dry soils from the Missouri river west- ward. Psoralea argophylla, Pursh. Silver-leaf Psoralea. Very abundant throughont the state. Psoralea cuspidata, Pursh. Large-bracted Psoralea. Common on dry hills and banks from the Missouri valley westward. Psoralea esculeiita, Pursh. Prairie Turnip, " Indian Turnip." On sandy knolls throughout the state; common. Psoralea lanceolata, Pursh, Lance-leaved Psoralea. In the southern part of the Sioux valley; uncommon. Amorpha fruticosa, L. False Indigo. Lead Plant. Bordering streams and lakes throughout the state. Amorpha liana, Nutt. Fragrant False Indigo. Amorpha microphylla, Pursh. On banks and prairies from the James valley west- ward to the Black Hills; also reported from Sioux Falls in the Sioux valley; more abundant from the Missouri river westward. Amorpha eanesceiis, Pursh. Shoe-strings. Lead-Plant. Very abundant on prairies throughout the stale. Parosela eimeandra, (Nutt.) Britton. Slender Parosela. Dalea laxiflora, Pursh. Common from the Missouri valley to the Black Hills. Parosela dalea, (L.) Britton. Pink Parosela. Dalea alopecuroides, Willd. In sandy soils from the Missouri valley eastward; occasional in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; common in the Missouri valley. Parosela aurea, (Nutt.) Britton. Golden Parosela. Dalea aurea, (Nutt.) On bluffs and loose soils from the Missouri valley westward. Kuhnistera Candida, (Willd.) Kuntze. White Prairie Clover. Petalstemon candidus, Michx. Very common on prairies throughout the state. Kuhnistera compacta, (Spreng.) Kuntze. Dense-flowered Prairie Clover. Petalstemon compacta, Swezey. Occasional on dry plains from the Missouri valley westward. Kuhnistera purpurea, (Vent.) MacM. Violet Prairie Clover. Petalstemon violaceus, Michx. Common throughout the state; especially abundant in sandy or gravelly soils. Kuhnistera villosa, (Nutt.) Kuntze. Hairy Prairie Clover. Petalstemon villosus, Nutt. In the Bad Lands, east of the Black Hills. Astragalus crassicarpus, Nutt. Buffalo Pea, Ground Plum. Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker. Very common on prairies throughout the state. 162 Astragalus Mexicanus, DC. Larger Ground Plum. In the Sioux valley, near Brookings. Astragalus Plattensis, Nutt. Platte Milk Vetch. In the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls, and in the Black Hills. Astragalus Caroliiiianus, L. Carolina Milk Vetch. Astragalus Canadensis, I/. In sandy soil and waste places in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Astragalus adsurgens, Pall. Ascending Milk Vetch. On prairies throughout the state. Astragalus hypoglottis, I/. Cock's-head. Abundant from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Astragalus Drummondii, Dougl. Drurnmond's Milk Vetch. In the Black Hills, near Hot Springs. Astragalus racemosus, Pursh. Racemose Milk Vetch. Abundant in heavy soils from the Missouri river west- ward; occasional in the James valley. Astragalus Msulcatus, (Hook.) Gray. Grooved Milk Vetch. In the foot-hills of the Black Hills, and in the adjoin- ing plains. Astragalus lotiflorus, Hook. I^ow Milk Vetch. In the Black Hills and on the adjoining plains. Astragalus Missouriensis, Nutt. Missouri Milk Vetch. From the Missouri valley westward; common on dry banks and hills. Astragalus gracilis, Nutt. Slender Milk Vetch. In dry ground in the Minnesota region, and near Hot Springs in the Black Hills. Astragalus microlobus, Gray. Notched Milk Vetch. Common in the Black Hills. '63 Astragalus flexuosus, (Hook.) Dougl. Flexile Milk Vetch. On dry soils throughout the state. Astragalus aboriginum, Richards. Indian Milk Vetch. Near Deadwood, in the Black Hills. Astragalus aboriginuin glaberiusculus, (Hook.) Ryd- berg. Indian Milk Vetch. In the Black Hills. Astragalus alpiims, L. Alpine Milk Vetch. In woods in the Black Hills. Astragalus coiivallarius, Greene. Near Bull Springs in the Black Hills. Phaca Americana, (Hook.) Rydberg. Arctic Milk Vetch. Phaca frigida Americana, Hook. On low ground in thickets in the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. Homalobus teiiellus, (Pursh.) Britton. Loose-flowered Milk Vetch. Astragalus tenellus, Pursh. Homalobus moutanus, (Nutt.) Britton. Prickly Milk Vetch. Astragalus Kentrophyta, A. Gray. In the Bad Land region, east of the Black Hills. Homalobus csespitosus, Nutt. Tufted Milk Vetch. Astragalus c&spitosus, A. Gray. In dry soils in the Black Hills, and in the adjacent plains region. Orophaca csespitosa, (Nutt.) Britton. Sessile -flowered Milk Vetch. Astragalus ccespitosa, Nutt. In dry soils from the Missouri river westward. Spiesia Lamberti, (Pursh.) Kuntze. Loco- weed. Oxytropis Lamberti, Pursh. Abundant on high ground throughout the state. 164 Spiesia Lambert! sericea, (Nutt.) Rydberg. Oxytropus sericea, Nutt. Throughout the s^ate, but more abundant from the Missouri valley westward. Spiesia viscida, (Nutt.) Kuntze. Viscid Loco- weed. Common near Custer in the Black Hills. Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Pursh. Wild Licorice. Buffalo Burr. Very abundant in low ground throughout the state. Hedysarum Americaimm, (Michx.) Britton. Hedy- sarum. In the Black Hills near Rockford. Meibomia grandiflora, (Walt.) Kuntze. Broad-leaved Tick-trefoil. Desmodium acuminatum, Michx. In woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and up the Missouri valley to Yankton. Meibomia Illinoensis, (A. Gray.) Kuntze. Illinois Tick- trefoil. Desmodium Illinoense, A. Gray. Common in thickets and low prairies in the Minnesota valley. Lespedeza capitata, Michx. Round-headed Bush Clover. In low, sandy soil in the southern part of the Sioux valley; Sioux Falls and Elk Point; up the Missouri to Yankton. Vicia Americana, Muhl. American Vetch. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and the Black Hills. Vicia Americana truiicata, (Nutt.) Brewer. Vicia truncata, Nutt. In or near low ground throughout the state. Vicia liiiearis, (Nutt.) Greene. Narrow-leaved Vetch. Vicia Americana linearis, S. Wats. Common on dry prairies throughout the state. Vicia sativa, L. Vetch. Tare. Introduced into waste or cultivated fields in the Sioux valley. Lathyrus venosus, Muhl. Veiny Pea, Wild Pea. On shady banks of streams and lakes in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Luthyrus palustris, L. Marsh Vetchling. In low, moist ground from the Missouri river eastward. Lathyrus ornatus, Nutt. Showy Vetchling. On banks and bluffs from the Missouri valley west- ward. Lathyrus ochroleucus, Hook. Cream-colored Vetchling. Abundant in the Black Hills. Falcata comosa, (L.) Kuntze. Hog Peanut. Amphicarpa monoica, Ell. Near Rapid City in the Black Hills. Falcata Pitcheri, (T. & G.) Kuntze. Pitcher's Hog Peanut. Amphicarpa Pitcheri, T. & G, In rich woods in the Minnesota valley. Apois apois, (L.) McM. Groundnut. Apois tuberosa, Moench. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Strophostyles helvola, (L.) Britton. Trailing Wild Bean. Strophostyles angulosa, Ell. On shady banks of streams and lakes from the Mis- souri valley eastward; not common. Strophostyles pauciflora, (Benth.) S. Wats. Small Wild Bean. On banks of streams and lakes in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. 1 66 GERANIACE^E. — Geranium Family. Geranium columbiiium, L. Long-stalked Crane's Bill. In the southern part of the Missouri valley; Charles Mix county. Geranium Carolinianuni, L. Carolina Crane's Bill. In the Black Hills and the southern part of the Mis- souri valley. Geranium dissectum, L. Cut-leaved Crane's Bill. . A native of Europe; near Rapid City in the Black Hills; rare. Geranium Ricliardsonii, Fisch. & Meyers. Richard- son's Crane's Bill. The common species in the Black Hills. Geranium viscosissimum, Fisch. & Meyers. Viscid Crane's Bill. Occasional in the Black Hills. OXAUDACE^E. — Wood -sorrel Family. Oxalis violacea, L. Violet Wood -sorrel. In low places in thickets and in open prairies in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Oxalis stricta, L. Upright Yellow Wood-sorrel. In thickets and on prairies from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. LINAGE^.— Flax Family. Li mi in Lewis!!, Pursh. Lewis' Wild Flax. In the Black Hills. Li M inn sulcatum, Riddell. Grooved Yellow Flax. In dry soil in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Li it ii in rigidum, Pursh. Large-flowered Yellow Flax. Common on dry prairies throughout the state. i67 RUTACE^. — Rue Family. Xiiuthoxylum Americaiium, Mill. Prickly Ash. In woods along streams and bordering lakes from the Missouri valley eastward. POLYGALACE^E.— Milkwort Family. Polygala verticillata, L. Whorled Milkwort. On bluffs and prairies throughout the state. Polygala senega latifolia, T. & G. Common in the northern part of the Black Hills. Polygala alba, Nutt. White Milkwort. Common from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. EUPHORBIACE^. — Spurge Family. Crotoii Texeiisis, (Klotzsch.) Muell. Texas Croton. Common in dry, sandy soils from the Missouri valley westward. Euphorbia petaloidea, Engelm. White-flowered Spurge. In sandy soil from the Missouri valley westward to the Black Hills. Euphorbia Geyeri, Engelm. & Gray. Geyer's Spuige. In dry soils from the Missouri valley westward. Euphorbia serpyllifolia, Pers. Thyme-leaved Spurge. Common in the Minnesota, Sioux, and James valleys. Euphorbia serpens, H. B. K. Round-leaved Spurge. In the southern Missouri valley; Charles Mix county. Euphorbia Glyptosperma, Engelm. Ridge-seeded Spurge. In dry soils throughout the state; the most common species. Euphorbia maculata, L. Milk Purslane. In the Sioux and James valleys. 1 68 Euphorbia stictospora, Engelm. Narrow-seeded Spurge. Common in dry soils from the Missouri valley west- ward. Euphorbia imtaiis, Lag. Upright Spotted Spurge. Euphorbia preslii, Guss. In the Sioux, James and Missouri valleys, especially the eastern part. Euphorbia hexagoiia, Nutt. Angled Spurge. In dry soils from the Missouri valley westward. Euphorbia marginata, Pursh. White Margined Spurge. Along the Missouri river in the southern part of the state and thence westward. Euphorbia dentata, Michx. Toothed Spurge. In the southern part of the Missouri valley, Charles Mix county, and in the Black Hills. Euphorbia heterophylla, L. Various-leaved Spurge. In the southern part of the Sioux and Missouri val- leys; near Sioux Falls, Yankton and Running Water. Euphorbia dictyosporma, F. & M. Reticulate-seeded Spurge. In the James valley near Aberdeen, and from thence westward. Euphorbia robusta, (Engelm.) Small. Rocky Mountain Spurge. Euphorbia mountain robusta, Engelm. Along the Cheyenne river and in the Black Hills; probably ranging from the Missouri valley westward. CALUTRICHACE^E. — Water Starwort Family. Callitriche palustris, L. Water Fennel. Common in clear, cold streams throughout the state. Callitriche biflda, (L.) Morong. Autumnal Starwort. Callitriche autumnalis, L,. In running water in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. 169 ANACARDIACE^. — Sumac Family. Rims hirta, (L.) Sndw. Staghorn Sumac. Rhus typhina^ L. Collected but once in the southern part of the Missouri valley, in Charles Mix county. Rhus glabra, L. Smooth Sumac. Common on bluffs and banks of streams from the Mis- souri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Rims trilobata, Nutt. Skunkbush. On dry blufts and hills from the Missouri valley west- ward, common; many specimens have very pubescent leaflets. Rims radicans, L. Poison Oak. Poison Ivy. In woods and thickets throughout the state. CELASTRACE^. — Staff-tree Family. Euoiiymus atropurpureous, Jacq. Burning Bush. Wahoo. Occasional in woods in the Sioux valley, and up the Missouri river into Charles Mix county. Celastrus scaiicleiis, L. Bittersweet. Common in woods and thickets throughout the state. ACERACE^. — Maple Family. Acer saccharinum, L,. Silver Maple. Soft Maple. Acer dasycarpum, Bhrh. Kxtends up the Sioux river to Flandreau and up the Missouri river to the western edge of Union county — the southeastern county. Acer saccliarum, Marsh. Sugar Maple. Rock Maple. Acer saccharum, Wang. Abundant in coulees and ravines, containing a clear spring creek, at the headwaters of the Little Minnesota river. There are some ten coulees extending from one to three miles back into the coteaus in which the sugar maple is abundant. Many of the trees are sixty to seventy feet high and eight to ten feet in circumference. As soon as the creek emerges from the hills into the open prairie all the trees except the white elm, box elder and two willows disappear. The coulees are nar- row and deep, and the banks are lined with springs which furnish a constant supply of water. The southern- most coulee in which maples were found is one-half mile south of Sisseton Agency. Acer Neguiido, I,. Box Elder. Ash-leaved Maple. Abundant along lakes and streams throughout the state. BALSAMINACE^E.— Jewel-weed Family. Impatiens biflora, Walt. Spotted Touch-me-not. Impatiens julva. In damp woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. I in p; it i«- us aurea, Muhl. Pale Touch-me-not. Impatiens pallida, Nutt. In moist woods in the Minnesota valley. RHAMNACE^.— Buckthorn Family. CeanothuH velutinus, Dougl. Velvety Redroot. In the Black Hills near Lead City. Oanothus Fenclleri, Gray. Fendler's Redroot. Common in limestone districts in the Black Hills. .— Grape Family. Vitis Vulpiiia, L. Riverside Grape. Iritis riparia, Michx. Common along streams and bordering lakes from the Missouri river eastward. Parthenocissus quinquefolia, (L.) Planch. False Vir- ginia Creeper. Woodbine. 171 Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. Common in same habitat as the last, the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. . — Linden Family. Tilia Americana, L. Basswood. American Linden. Along streams and bordering lakes in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; up the Missouri valley to Running Water. MALVACEAE. — Mallow Family. Malva Sylvestris, L. High Mallow. Sparingly introduced into waste places in the Sioux valley near Brookings. Malva rotunclifolia, L. Cheese's Runniug Mallow. A naturalized weed in waste places in the Sioux val- ley and southern Missouri valley. Malva verticillata crispa, L. Whorled Mallow. In waste places in the Sioux valley. Malvastrum coccineum, (Pursh.) A. Gray. Red Mallow. Common on dry prairies from the James valley west- ward. Abutiloii abutiloii, (L.) Rusby. Indian Mallow. Abutilon avicennce^ Gaertn. An introduced weed in the southeastern part of the state. Hibiscus trionum, L. Venice Mallow. Flower-of-an- hour. In waste places along the Sioux valley in Union county, and up the Missouri valley to Chamberlain, Brule county. HYPERICACE^E.— St. Johnswort Family. Hypericum Canadense, L. Canadian St. Johnswort. In low ground in the Minnesota valley, and in the Black Hills. 172 ELATINACE^E. — Waterwort Family. Elatine triaiidra, Schk. Long-stemmed Waterwort. In mud on margins of ponds and rivers in the Minne- sota valley; in the Missouri valley in Wai worth county, and in White river in the plains region. CiSTACE^E. — Rock Rose Family. Helianthemum niajus, (L.) B. S. P. Hoary Frostweed. On roadsides east of Custer in the Black Hills. VIOLACE^. — Violet Family. Viola pedatiflda, Don. Prairie Violet. On prairies in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys, and in the Black Hills. Viola obliqua, Hill. Meadow Violet. Viola cucullata, Ait. Mostly along streams or in the shady places from the Missouri river eastward, and in the Black Hills. Viola pedata, L. Bird's-foot Violet. On prairies in the Minnesota valley near Bigstone Lake, Viola pa I ust ris, L. Marsh Violet. In moist soil near Sylvan Lake in the Black Hills. Viola blanda, Willd. Sweet White Violet. In damp ground in the Black Hills. Viola Nuttallii, Pursh. Nuttall's Violet. On prairies from the James valley westward through- out the state. Viola pubescens, Ait. Hairy Yellow Violet. In rich woods in Union county in the Sioux valley, and in the Black Hills. Most of the specimens referred to this species belong to the next. Viola scabriuscula, (T. & G.) Schwein. Smoothish Yel- low Violet. Viola pubescens scabriuscula, T. & G. In rich woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Viola Caiiadeiisis, L. Canadian Violet. Abundant in rich woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Viola arenaria, DC. Sand Violet. In dry soils in the Black Hills, near Rapid City. Viola cauiua aduiica, Gray. In the Black Hills. LOASACE^;. — Loasa Family. Meiitzelia oligosperma, Nutt. Few-seeded Mentzelia. Occasional in the Black Hills; more common in the adjacent plains. Meiitzelia nuda, (Pursh.) T. & G. Bractless Mentzelia. A rare plant, reported only for the Black Hills. Mentzelia decapetala, (Pursh.) Urban & Gilg. Showy Mentzelia. Mentzelia ornata, T. & G. Common in dry soils from the Missouri westward. CACTACE^. — Cactus Family. Opvintia humifusa, Raf. Western Prickly Pear. Opuntia Raftnesquii, Engelm. In the Black Hills and the adjacent plains region. Opvmtia fragilis, (Nutt.) Haw. Brittle Opuntia. In the Black Hills; rare. Cactus Missouriensis, (Sweet.) Kuntze. Missouri Cactus. Mamillaria Missouriensis, Sweet. On bluffs, knolls and plains from the Missouri river westward. Cactus viviparus, Nutt. Purple Cactus. Mamillaria vivipara, Haw. From the Missouri valley westward. '74 ELAEAGNACE^E.— Oleaster Family. Elaeagims argeutea, Pursh. Silver Berry. In limestone districts in the Black Hills. Lepargyraea Canadensis, (L.) Greene. Canadian Buffalo Berry. Shepherdia Canadensis, Nutt. Occasional from the Missouri river to the Black Hills* Lepargyrsea argentea, (Nutt.) Greene. Buffalo Berry. Shepherdia argentea, Nutt. Common on bluffs and in thickets from the Missouri valley westward; occasional on bluffs in coulees in the Minnesota valley. LYTHRACE^. — Loosestrife Family. Ammaiiia coccinea, Rottb. Long-leaved Ammannia. In swampy ground from the Missouri valley eastward. Lythrum alatum, Pursh. Wing-angled Loosestrife. Occasional in low ground from the Missouri valley eastward. ONAGRACE.^. — Evening Primrose Family. Chamsenerioii angustifolium, (L.) Scop. Fireweed. Great Willow Herb. Epilobium angustifolium, L. In open woods in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Epilobium liiieare, Muhl. Linear-leaved Willow Herb. In swamps in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Epilobium paiiiculatum, Nutt. Panicled Willow Herb. Occurs in the Black Hills. Epilobium coloratum, Muhl. Purple-leaved Willow Herb. In low ground in the Minnesota valley. Epilobium adeiiocauloii, Haussk. Northern Willow Herb. In moist ground throughout the state. Epilobium Hornemaimi, Rerchenb. Hornemann's Wil- low Herb. Near Sips Springs in the Black Hills. Epilobium Drummondii, Kansk. Drummond's Willow Herb. In the limestone district in the Black Hills. Onagra bieniiis, (L>.) Scop. Evening Primrose. CEnothera biennis, L. Common throughout the state. (Eiiothera laciiiiata, Hill. Sinuate-leaved Evening Primrose. CEnothera sinuata, I*. In the Black Hills; rare. Anogra albicaulis, (Pursh.) Britton. Prairie Evening Primrose. CEnothera albicaulis, Pursh. Occasional in low ground throughout the state. Anogra coroiiopifolia, (T. &. G.) Britton. Cut-leaved Evening Primrose. CEnothera coronopifolia, T. & G. In the Black Hills and on the adjacent plains. Anogra pallicla leptophylla, (Nutt.) CEnothera pallida leptophylla, (Nutt.) T. & G. CEnothera leptophylla, Nutt. Occasional in the Black Hills, Pachylophus csespitosa, (Nutt.) Raimann. Scapose Primrose. CEnothera c&spitosa, (Nutt.) In "gumbo soils" from the Missouri valley westward; common. Meriolix serrulata, (Nutt.) Walp. Tooth-leaved Primrose. i76 CEnothera serrulata, Nutt. In dry soils throughout the state. Gaura parviflora, Dougl. Small-flowered Gaura. In dry soil from the Missouri valley westward. Gaura cocciiiea, Pursh. Scarlet Gaura. In dry prairies throughout the state; more common in the James and Missouri valleys. Gay ophy ton ramosissimum, T. & G. Bushy Gay- ophyton. On dry knolls in the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. Circsea Lutetiaiia, L,. Enchanter's Nightshade. In damp woods in the Minnesota valley and the Black Hills. Circsea alpiiia, L. Alpine Enchanter's Nightshade. In moist woods in the Black Hills. HALORAGIDACE^E. — Water Millfoil Family. Hippuris vulgaris, L. Bottle Brush. In shallow water in the Sioux valley and locally in the Missouri valley; Faulkton. Myriophyllum spicatum, L. Spiked Water Millfoil. Common in lakes and slow streams in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Myriophyllum verticillatum, L. Whorled Water Mill- foil. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; not common. Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Michx. Various-leaved Water Millfoil. In slow running water in the Sioux valley; rare. ARAIJACE^.— Ginseng Family. Aralia raccmosa, L. American Spikenard. In rich woods in the Minnesota valley. i77 Aralia imdicaulis, L. Wild Sarsaparilla. On shady banks in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. UMBEivLiFKR^.— Carrot Family, Umbelworts. Daucus carrota, L,. Wild Carrot. Sparingly naturalized in the Minnnesota and Sioux valleys. Heracleuin laiiatum, Michx. Cow Parsnip. In woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Pastiiiaca saliva, L. Wild Parsnip. Escaped near Rapid City, in the Black Hills. Peiicedanum imdicaule, (Pursh.) Nutt. White-flowered Parsley. In dry soil from the Missouri valley eastward, common. Peucedauum foeniculaceum, Nutt. Fennel-leaved Parsley. In the James and Missouri valleys and along the White river; not common. Peucedanuin villosum, Nutt. Hairy Parsley. In dry, clay, soils from the James valley westward; common. Cymop terns acaulis, (Pursh.) Rydberg. Plain Cymop- terus. Cymopterus glomeratus, Raf. On dry knolls from the Missouri valley westward. Cymopterus montanus, T. & G. Mountain Cymopterus. In the Black Hills and the adjacent plaius. Eryiig'ium aquaticum, L. Button Snakeroot. In the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls; rare. Saiiicula Marylandica, L. Black Snakeroot. In woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; com- mon. i78 Sanicula canadensis, L. Short-styled Snakeroot. Sanicula Marylandica canadensis, Torr. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Musineon divaricatum, (Pursh.) Nutt. L^afy Musineon. In "gumbo soils' ' from the Missouri valley westward ; common. Musineon tennifolium, Nutt. Scapose Musineon. In the Black Hills; common. Musineon trachysperma, Nutt. Near Hermosa in the Black Hills. Washingtonia Claytoni, (Michx.) Britton. Wooly Sweet Cicely. Osmorrhiza brevistylis, DC. In the Minnesota and the southern part of the Sioux valleys (Union Co.); rare. Washingtonia longistylis, (Tott.) Britton. Smoother Sweet Cicely. Osmorrhiza longistylis, Torr. In rich woods in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Washingtonia inn la, (Torr.) Western Sweet Cicely. Osmorrhiza nuda, Torr. In the Black Hills, not common. Sium cicutaefolium, Gmel. Hemlock Water Parsnip. In swamps from the Missouri valley eastward. Zizia aurea, (L.) Koch. Golden Meadow Parsnip. Abundant in low prairies from the Missouri valley eastward. Zizia cordata, (Walt.) DC. Heart-leaved Alexander. On low prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux val- leys and in the Black Hills. I^ess common than the last. Caruin carui, If. Caraway. Sparingly introduced in the Sioux valley and in the Black Hills. Carum Gairtliieri, (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. Gardner's Caraway. Reported by Dr. Gray for the Black Hills. Cicuta maculata, L. Water Hemlock. In swamps and streams from the Missouri valley east- ward, and in the Black Hills. Cicuta bulbifera, L. Bulb-bearing Water Hemlock. In a cold spring swamp near Elkton in the extreme eastern part of the Sioux valley. Deringia canadensis, (I,.) Kuntze. Honewort. Cryptotad City. Pyrola Elliptica, Nutt Shin-leaf. On shady hillsides in the Black Hills. Pyrola chlorantha, Sw. Greenish-flowered Wintergreen. In woods in the Black Hills. Pyrola secunda, L. One-sided Wintergreen. In deep shady ravines in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Pyrola rotundifolia bracteata, (Nutt.) Gray. In a cold bog near Sylvan lake in the Black Hills. MONOTROPACE^. — Indian Pipe Family. Pterospora andromedea, Nutt Pine Drops. In woods in the Black Hills; Custer and Rapid City. Moiiotropa imiflora, L. Indian Pipe. In deep, wooded ravines in the Minnesota valley; Rob- erts county. ERICACEAE. — Heath Family. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Spreng. Red Bearberry. On dry knolls in the Black Hills, and in the adjacent plains; Custer, and the Bad Lands. VACCINEACE^.— Huckleberry Family. Vaccinium myrtillus microphyllum, Hook. Bilberry, Whortleberry. In the Black Hills. x8i .— Primrose Family. Androsace occidentals, Pursh. Androsace. In dry soils from the Missouri valley eastward ; com- mon. Androsace septentrionalis, L. Mountain Androsace. In the Black Hills, Custer. Androsace septentrioiialis subulifera, Gray. In the foothills of the Black Hills; near Rapid City. Steironema ciliaum, (L.) Raf. Fringed Loosestrife. Lysimachia ciliata, L,. In damp thickets from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills; common. Naiimbergia thrysiflora, (L.) Duby. Tufted Loosestrife. Lysimachia thyrsiflora, L. In cold spring bogs in the Minnesota valley near Elk- ton in the Sioux valley, and in the Black Hills. Centunciilus minimus, L. Chaffweed. In the upper Missouri valley, (Wai worth and Potter counties) and the Black Hills. Dodecatheon media, L. Shooting Star, American Cow- slip. On moist banks in the Black Hills; Rapid City, and Custer. OLEACE^E. — Olive Family. Fraxiniis laiiceolata, Borck. Green Ash. Fraxinus viridus, Michx. F. Abundant along streams and bordering lakes through- out the state. Fraxinus Peimsylvaiiicus, Marsh. Red Ash. Fraxinus pubescens, L/am. With the last throughout the state and rather more common. 182 Fraxiims Americana, L. White Ash. This has been repeatedly reported for this state, but the most authentic account of it in the state is the fol- lowing from Prof. Williams' note book: "Twigs sent by Mr. Jones from Sioux Falls to Dr. Trelease were pro- nounced to be this species." If it occurs in the Minne- sota or Sioux regions it is exceedingly rare, as for two summers special effort has been made to detect it. GENTIANACE^. — Gentian Family. Gentiana cletoiisa, Rottb. Fringed Gentian. Gentiana serrata, Gunner. In cold spring bogs in the Minnesota valley; one sta- tion in the Sioux valley; Elkton. Gentiana acuta, Michx. Northern Gentian. Gentiana amarella acuta, Herder. Near Custer in the Black Hills. Gentiana puberula, Michx. Downy Gentian. Common on prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux val- leys. Gentiana Andrewsii, Griseb. Closed Gentian. In low places in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; common. Frasera speciosa, Dougl. Showy Frasera. On dry, barren knolls in the Black Hills. Tetragonantlms deflexus, (J. E. Smith.) Kuntze. Spurred Gentian. Swertia deflexa, J. E. Smith. In woods in the Black Hills. MENYANTHACE.E.— Buckbean Family. Menyanthes trifoliata, L. Buckbean. Bogbean. In a cold spring bog near Elkton in the Sioux valley. i §3 APOCYNACE^E.— Dogbane Family. Apocyimm androsaemifolium, L. Spreading Dogbane. In thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Apocyimm cannabiimm, L. Indian Hemp. On dry banks from the Missouri valley eastward. ASCLEPIADACE.E. — Milkweed Family. Asclepias tuberosa, L,. Pleurisy Root. Butterfly Weed. In thickets in the southern part of the Sioux valley; Union county. Asclepias iiicarnata, L. Swamp Milkweed. In swamps from the Missouri valley eastward. Asclepias syriaca, L. Common Milkweed. Asclepias Cornuti, Dec. On prairies and in thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Asclepias speciosa, Torr. Showy Milkweed. - In low ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Asclepias ovalifolia, Dec. Oval-leaved Milkweed. On prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills; rare. Asclepias verticillata, L,. Whorled Milkweed. Common on banks and prairies from the Missouri val- ley eastward. Asclepias pumila, (Gray.) Vail. Low Milkweed. Asclepias verticillata pumila, Gray. Common on the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward, seems to replace the last. Acerates viridiflora, (Raf.) Eaton. Green Milkweed. Occasional in sandy soils throughout the state. Acerates aiigustifolia, (Nutt.) Dec. Narrow-leaved Milkweed. In the Black Hills and the adjacent plains. i84 Acerates lanugiiiosa, (Nutt.) Dec. Woolly Milkweed. On prairies in the Sioux valley; rare. CONVOLVULACE^E. — Morniug Glory Family. Evolvulus pilosus, Nutt. Evolvulus. In dry plains west of the Missouri river and in the Black Hills. Quamoclit coccinea hederifolia. Small Red Morning Glory. Introduced in gardens near Brookings. I pmmra leptophylla, Torr. Bush Morning Glory. In dry soils from the Missouri river to the Black Hills. I ponnra hederacese, Jacq. Ivy-leaved Morning Glory. A bad weed in fields in the Sioux valley near Brookings. Convolvulus sepiuin, L. Hedge Bindweed. In thickets from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Convolvulus repeiis, L. Trailing Bindweed. In cultivated and waste fields from the Missouri valley eastward. CuscuTACE^E. — Dodder Family. Cuscuta Epithymum, Murr. Clover Dodder. On alfalfa in the Sioux valley in Brookings and Clark counties, and in the Black Hills. An introduced paras- ite, doing considerable damage to alfalfa wherever it occurs in quantity. Cuscuta arvensis, Beyrich. Field Dodder. On various large herbs in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Cuscuta coryli, Engelm. Hazel Dodder. Cuscuta inflexa, Engelm. On large herbs throughout the state. Cuscuta Gronovii, Willd. Gronovi's Dodder. In the Sioux and Minnesota valleys; common. Cuscuta paracloxa, Raf. Gloinerata Dodder. Cuscuta glomerata, Choisy. On composites in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. POLEMONIACE^;.— Phlox Family. Phlox pilosa, L. Downy Phlox. On prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Phlox Kelseyii, Britton. Kelsey's Phlox. In the Black Hills. Phlox Doug-lassii, Hook. Douglass' Phlox. Common in the Black Hills. Phlox Douglassii aiidicola, Britton. On dry table-lands in the Black Hills. Gilia spicata capitata, Gray. Capitate Gilia. On dry knolls in the Black Hills. Collomia liiiearis, Nutt. Narrow-leaved Collomia. Gilia linearis, Gray. On dry soils from the Missouri valley westward; found also in one station in the Sioux valley. HYDROPHYU,ACE.E. — Waterleaf Family. Hydrophyllum Virginicum, L. Virginian Waterleaf. Common in woods in the Minnesota valley; occasional in the Sioux valley. Macrocalyx Nyctalea, (I*.) Kuntze. Nyctalea. Ellisia nyctalea, L. Common in shady, moist ground in the Minnesota valley; less common in the Sioux, James and Missouri valleys and in the Black Hills. BORAGINACE^.— Borage Family. Heliotropium Curassavicum, I/. Seaside Heliotrope. In saline soils in the James valley in Faulk and Beadle counties. 1 86 Lappiila lappula, (L.) Karst. Burrseed. European Stickseed. Echinospermum lappula, Lehm. Sparingly introduced in the Sioux valley. Lappula reclowskii occideiitalis, (Wats.) Rydberg. Western Stickseed. Common from the Missouri river westward. Lappula Virgiiiiana, (L.) Greene. Virginian Stickseed. Echinospermum. Virginicum, L. In dry woods in the Minnesota valley and the Black Hills; rare. Lappula floribuiicla, iLehm.) Greene. Large-flowered Stickseed. Echinospermum floribunda, Lehm. In the Black Hills. Lappula Americana, (Gray.) Rydberg. Nodding Slick- seed. Echinospermum deflexum Americanum, Gray. In the Black Hills; rare. Allocarya scopulorum, Greene. Mountain Allocarya. In the southern Missouri valley; Charles Mix county. Cryptanthe Patterson!!, (Gray.) Greene. Patterson's Cryptantlie. Krynitzkia Pattersonii, Gray. In the Black Hills; Custer and Lead City. < r.vptaiithe crassisepala, (T. & G.) Greene. Thick- sepaled Cype. Krynitzkia crassisepala, Gray. In the Bad Lands, east of the Black Hills. Oreocarya glomerata, (Pursh.) Greene. Clustered Oreo- carya. Krynitzkia glomerata, Gray. In dry soils from the Minnesota valley westward. i87 Merteiisia paniculata, (Ait.) Don. Tall Lungwort. In the Black Hills; Rockford. Merteiisia lanceolata, (Pursh.) DC. Lance-leaved Lung- wort. Common in thickets and on plains from the Missouri valley westward. Merteiisia Sibericus, (L.) Don. Siberian Lungwort. Dr. Rydberg says: "A single fruiting specimen which seems to belong to this species was collected at Rock- ford. Myosotis macrosperma, Engelm. Large-seeded Forget- me-not. Near Hot Springs in the Black Hills; rare. Myosotis sylvatica, HofFm. Sylvan Forget-me-not. In damp, rich places in the high parts of the Black Hills. Lithospermum caiiesceiis, (Michx.) Lehm. Hoary Puccoon. Common on prairies and in the edge of thickets from the James valley eastward. Lithospermum angustifolium, Michx. Narrow-leaved Puccoon. Common on prairies throughout the state. Oiiosmodium Molle, Michx. Soft-hairy False Cromwell. In prairies throughout the state; prefers sandy soil. Echium vulgare, L. Viper's Bugloss. Sparingly naturalized in the Sioux valley; Brookings. VERBENACE^. — Vervain Family. Verbena urticsefolia, L. White Vervain. In thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and the southern part of the Missouri valley; Charles Mix county. 1 88 Verbena hastata, L. Blue Vervain. In thickets and moist places from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Verbena stricta, Vent. Hoary Vervain. In moist or dry soil throughout the state. Verbena bracteosa, Michx. Large-bracted Vervain. On prairies throughout the state; rare east of the Mis- souri valley; more common westward. Verbena bipinnatifida, Nutt. On dry soil from the Missouri valley westward. Lippia cimeifolia, (Tott.) Steud. Fogfruit, Occasional in the James and Missouri valleys. LABIAT^. — Mint Family. Teucrium Canadensis, L. Wood Sage. Germander. In moist soil in the Sioux valley. Teucrium occidentale, Gray. Hairy Germander. In thickets in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Scutellaria lateriflora, L. Mad-dog Skull Cap. In low, shady places from the Missouri valley east- ward. Scutellaria parvula, Michx. Small Skull Cap. On low prairies in the Minnesota, Sioux, James and Missouri valleys. Scutellaria galericulata, L. Marsh Skull Cap. In damp ground from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Agastache nepetoides, (I,.) Kuntze. Catnip. Giant Hyssop. Lophanthus nepetoides, Benth. In the Minnesota valley and the southern part of the Sioux valley, at Sioux Falls; Union county. Some of the specimens from the Minnesota valley agree with A. schrophulari&folia in the pubescence of the leaves and stem, but have the small greenish yellow corolla of A. nepetoides. Agastache aiiethoidora, (Nutt.) Britton. Fragrant Giant Hyssop. Lophanthus anisatus, Benth. In thickets from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Xepeta cataria, L. Catnip. Sparingly introduced in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Dracocephaluni parviflorum, Nutt. American Dragon- head. In dry soils in the Sioux valley near Dell Rapids, and in the Black Hills. Prunella vulgaris, L. Selfheal. In damp woods in the Black Hills. Physostegia Virginiaiia, (L.) Benth. False Dragonhead. In the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Leoiiurus cardiaca, L. Motherwort. Naturalized in the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls. Stachys palustris, L,. Hedge Nettle. In the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Stachys aspera, Michx. Rough Hedge Nettle. Near Custer in the Black Hills. Salvia lanceolata, Willd. Lance-leaved Sage. On the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward. Monarcla flstulosa, L. Wild Bergamont. Common in thickets from the Missouri valley east- ward, and in the Black Hills. Monarda scabra, Beck. Pale Wild Bergamont. Monarda fistulosa Mollis, Benth. On prairies and plains in the Minnesota valley and westward to the Black Hills. Hedeoma hispida, Pursh. Rough Pennyroyal. Common on dry prairies throughout the state. Hedeoma Drummoiidii, Benth. Drummond's Penny- royal. In dry soils in the Black Hills, and in the adjacent plains. Hyssopus officinalis, L. Hyssop. Sparingly naturalized in the Sioux valley near Brook- ings. Lycopus rubellus, Moench. Stalked Water Hoarhound. In wet ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Lycopus Americanus, Muhl. Cut-leaved Water Hoar- hound. Lycopus sinuatus^ Ell. Common in wet soils throughout the state. Lycopus lucidus, Turcz. Western Water Hoarhound. In swamps and bogs in the Minnesota and Sioux val- leys. Mentha Caiiadeiisis, L. American Wild Mint. Common in moist soils throughout the state. SOLANACE^. — Potato Family. Phy sails longifolia, Nutt. Long-leaved Ground Cherry. In the Sioux and Missouri valleys and the Black Hills; more common westward. Phy sails laiiceolata, Michx. Prairie Ground Cherry. On dry prairies throughout the state. Physalis Virgiiiiaiia, Mill. Virginian Ground Cherry. In thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Physalis heterophylla, Nees. Clammy Ground Cherry. In the Minnesota and southern Missouri valleys, and in the Black Hills. 191 Physalis rotmidata, Rydb. Round-leaved Ground Cherry. In the foothills of the Black Hills, and the adjacent plains. Solatium uigrnni, L,. Black Nightshade. In the waste places from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Solaiiiim triflorum, Nutt. Cut-leaved Nightshade. In waste places in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Solanum rostratum, Dunal. Texas Thistle. Beaked Nightshade. On dry prairies and in waste places throughout the state. From the Missouri valley eastward it is found in waste places, apparently introduced from the west. On the plains west of the Missouri river it is more abundant and apparently native. SCHROPHULARIACE^. — Figwort Family. Verbascum thapsus, L. Mullen. Introduced into the southeastern part of the state, and in the Black Hills; rare. Linaria linaria, (L.) Karst. Butter-and-eggs, Yellow Toad Flax. Linaria vulgaris, Mill. Sparingly naturalized in the Sioux valley. Linaria Canadensis, (L.) Dumont. Blue Toad Flax. In dry soils in the Black Hills. Schroplmlaria Maryjandica, L. Heal-all. Maryland FigworL Schrophularia nodosa Marylandica, Gray. In thickets from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Pentstemon cristatus, Nutt. Crested Beard-tongue. On dry bluffs in the Missouri valley and in the Black Hills. 192 Pentstemoii albidus, Nutt. White Beard-tongue. On prairies from the Missouri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Pentstemoii gracilis, Nutt. Slender Beard-tongue. Common on prairies from the Missouri valley east- ward, and in the Black Hills. Peiitstemon grandiflorus, Nutt. Large Flowered Beard tongue. On dry knolls and banks of ravines throughout the state. Peiitstemon glaber, Pursh. Smooth Beard-tongue. On low prairies from the Missouri valley westward. Pentstemon angustifolius, Pursh. Pale Beard-tongue. Near Hot Springs in the Black Hills, rare. Pentstemoii Jamesii, Benth. James' Beard-tongue. On table-lands near Hot Springs in the Black Hills. Colliiisia parvtflora, Dougl. Small-flowered Collinsia. On dry hill sides in the Black Hills. Mimulus ringens, L. Monkey Flower. Along streams in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Mimulus Jamesii, T. & G. James' Monkey Flower. In bogs and swamps in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Mimulus luteus, L. Yellow Monkey Flower. In damp, shady ground in the Black Hills near Lead City. Moimiera rotuiidifolia, Michx. Round-leaved Hedge Hyssop. Herpestris rotundifolia, Pursh. In shallow pools and on muddy shores from the Mis- souri valley eastward, and in the Black Hills. Ilysanthes gratioloides, (L.) Benth. False Pempernel. Ilysanthes riparia, Raf: On muddy shores from the Missouri valley eastward. 193 Wulfeiiia rubra, (Hook.) Greene. Western Wulfena. Synthris rubra, Benth. On hill sides near Custer in the Black Hills. Veronica Aiiagallis-aquatica, L,. Water Speedwell. In brooks from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Veronica Americana, Schwein. American Brooklime. In cold swamps in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Veronica peregriiia, L. Neckweed. In low ground from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Veronica officinalis, L. Common Speedwell. Sparingly introduced in the Sioux valley. Leptandra Virginica, (L.) Nutt. Culver's Root. Veronica Virginica, L. On prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; rare. Oerardia Besseyaiia, Britton. Bessey's Gerardia. Gerardia tenuiflora macrophylla, Benth. On low prairies from the Missouri valley eastward. Oerardia aspera, Dougl. Rough Gerardia. On prairies from the Missouri valley eastward; com- mon. Castilleja acumiiiata, (Pursh.) Spreng. Painted Cup. In woods in the Black Hills. Castilleja sessiflora, Pursh. Prairie Painted Cup. On dry bluffs and sandy knolls throughout the state; much more common from the Missouri valley westward. Orthocarpus luteus, Nutt. Yellow Orthocarpus. Occasional in dry, sandy soils throughout the state. Pedicularis lanceolata, Michx. Swamp Lousewort. In swamps and low prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. i94 Pedicularis Caiiadensis, L. Wood Betany. Lousewort. In thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. LENTIBULARIACE^B — Bladdderwort Family. Utricularia vulgaris, L. Greater Bladderwort. In clear water ponds and slow streams from the Mis- souri valley eastward. ORQBANCHACE^E. — Broom rape Family. Thalesia f asiculata, (Nutt.) Britton. Yellow Cancer Root. Aphyllon fasiculatum, Gray. In the Missouri valley and the Black Hills; rare. Orobanche ludoviciana, Nutt. Louisiana Broomrape. From the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. PHRYMACE^E. — Lopseed Family. Pliryma leplostachya, L. Lopseed. la woops and thickets throughout the state. PLANTAGINACE^E. — Plantain Family. Plantago major, L. Common Plantain. Introduced into waste places throughout the state. Plaiitago Rugelli, Dec. Rugel's Plantain. Introduced into waste fields in the Sioux valley. Plantago lanceolata, L. Ribwort. Sparingly introduced into waste places in the Sioux valley. Plaiitago eriopoda, Torr. Saline Plantain. In low alkaline places in the Minnesota and Sioux valley. Plaiitago Purshii, R. & S. Pursh's Plantain. Plantago patagonica gnaphalioides, Gray. Common on dry plains from the Missouri valley west- ward. Plantago aristata, Michx. Large-bracted Plantain. Plantago patagonica aristata, A. Gray. On the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward- not common. Plautago elongata, Pursh. Slender Plantain. Plantago pusilla, Nutt. On low damp prairies in the southern Missouri valley, Aurora and Charles Mix counties. RUBIACE^.— Madder Family. Galium Apariiie, L,. Cleaver. Goosegrass. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Galium boreale, L. Northern Bedstraw. In thickets and on banks from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Galium triflorum, Michx. Fragrant Bedstraw. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills; also extends up the Missouri valley into Charles Mix county. Galium trifldum, L. Small Cleavers. In spring swamps in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Galium tinctorum, L. Wild Madder. In low thickets in the Sioux valley. CAPRIFOLIACE^. — Honeysuckle Family. Sambucus racemosus, L. Racemed Elder. In canons in the Black Hills. Sambucus canadeiisis, L. Sweet Elder. In moist soil near Rapid City in the Black Hills. Viburnum opulus, L. Cranberry Tree. In damp ravines in the Minnesota valley (rare) and in the Black Hills. 196 Viburnum Leiitago, L. Sweet Viburnum. Common on wooded banks in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills; occurs also near Sioux Falls in the Sioux valley. Liimaea borealis, L. Twinflower. In woods in the Black Hills. Symphoricarpus racemosus, Michx. Snowberry. In thickets along streams and on dry banks through- out the state. Symphoricarpus pauciflorus, (Robbins) Britton. Low Snowberry. Symphoricarpus racemosus pauciflorus. Robbins. On rich wooded bluffs in the Minnesota valley and in the Black Hills. Symphoricarpus occideiitalis, Hook. Wolf Berry. Occasional in thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Symphoricarpus Symphoricarpus, (L,.) MacM. Coral Berry. Symphoricarpus vulgaris, Michx. On dry banks from the Missouri valley eastward. L,oiiicera glaucescens, Rydberg. Douglas' Honey- suckle. Common in woods and ravines in the Minnesota val- ley, in the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls and in the Black Hills. ADOXACE^. — Moschatel Family. Adoxa moschatelliiia, I/. Moschatel. Muskroot. In the limestone region in the Black Hills. VALERIANACE^.— Valerian Family. Valeriaiia edulis, Nutt. Tobacco Root. In damp soil near Rockford in the Black Hills. i97 Valeriaiia sylvatica, Banks. Wood Valerian. In moist soils in the Black Hills. CUCURBITACE^. — Gourd Family. Micrampelis lobata, (Michx.) Greene. Wild Balsam Apple. Echinocystis lobata, T. & G. In thickets along streams from the Missouri valley eastward. Sieyos angulatus, L. Burr Cucumber. In thickets along streams in the southern part of the state, east of the Missouri river; Yankton; Elk Point, and Brookings. CAMPANULACE^. — Bell wort Family. Campanula rotuiidifolia, L. Harebell. On moist rocks in the Black Hills. Campanula aparinoides, Pursh. Marsh Bellwort. In wet ground in the Black Hills. Campanula Americana, L. Tall Bellflower. In thickets in the Missouri valley from Yankton south- ward and up the Sioux valley to Sioux Falls. Legouzia perfoliata, (L.) Britton. Venus Looking-glass. Specularia perfoliata, A. DC. In the southern Missouri valley (Charles Mix county), and in the Black Hills. Lobelia syphilitica, I/. Blue Cardinal Flower. Common in low moist ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Lobelia spicata hirtella, Gray. Prairie Lobelia. Common on low praires from the Missouri valley east- ward. Lobelia Kalmii, L. Brook Lobelia. In cold spring bogs in ravines in the Minnesota valley. 198 CICHORIACE^E. — Chicory Family. Tragopogon pratensis, L. Meadow Salsify. Naturalized in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Taraxacum Taraxacum, (L.) Karst Dandelion. In lawns and and waste fields from the James valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Soiichus asper, (L.) All. Spiny Sow Thistle. In waste places from the Minnesota valley eastward and in the Black Hills. L Muhl. In low ground and on banks throughout the state. Erigeron ramosus Beyrichii, (F. & M.) Smith & Pound. In the Black Hills. Erigeron armerifolius, Turcz. Mountain Fleabane. In wet meadows in the Black Hills. Leptilon Canadense, (L.) Britton. Horseweed. Erigeron Canadensis, L,. Throughout the state; common in the eastern part of the state; rare from the Missouri valley westward. Leptiloii divaricatum, (Michx.) Raf. Purple Horse- weed. Erigeron divaricatus, Michx. In sandy soils in the Missouri valley in Walworth county, rare. 207 Doellingeria umbellata, (Mill.) Nees. Flat-topped White Aster. Aster umbellatus, Mill. In swampy places in shaded ravines in the Minnesota valley. Filago prolifera, (Nutt.) Britton. Filago. Evax prolifera, Nutt. On dry hills near Hot Springs in the Black Hills. Anteimaria dioica, (L.) Gaertn. Mountain Everlasting. In the borders of open woods in the Black Hills. Anteimaria iieodioica, Greene. Smaller Cats-foot. In shady places in the Black Hills. Two of Dr. Ryd- 'berg's specimens; 795 collected near Hermosa, 793 near Hot Springs are also referred to this species. They differ from the type in having the leaves tomentose above. Aiitennaria campestris, Rydberg. Prairie Cats-foot. On prairies throughout the state; this is the common species which has been regarded as a form of A. plant- aginifolia which has not yet been collected in the state. It is likely that it occurs in the open woods in the Min- nesota and Sioux valleys. Anteimaria Aprica, Greene. In the Bad Lands. Aiitennaria parvifolia, Nutt. Along Spring Lake in Brown county. Aiiaphalis margaritacea, (L.) .B. & H. Antennaria margaritacea, Hook. In dry soils in the Black Hills. Silphium perfoliatum, L. Cup Plant. In moist thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Silphium laciiiiatnm, L. Compass Plant. In the southern part of the Sioux, James and Missouri valleys. Sioux Falls, Yankton, Charles Mix counties. 208 Heliopsis scabra, Dunal. Rough Ox Eye. Common in thickets and open woods from the Missouri valley eastward. Occasional westward along the White and Bad rivers. Rudbeckia hirta, L. Black-eyed Susan. On prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Kudbeckia laciiiiata, L. Green-headed Coneflower. In thickets in the Minnesota, Sioux, and southern Missouri valleys as far north as Charles Mix county. Ratibida pinnata, (Vent.) Barnhart. Gray-headed Cone- flower. Lepachys pinnata, T. & G. On low prairies in the Sioux valley. Ratibida columnaris, (Sims.) D. Don. Prairie Coneflower. Lepachys columnaris, T. & G. On prairies from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Brauneria pallida, (Nutt.) Britton. Pale Purple Cone- flower. Echinacea angustifolia, DC. Common on prairies from the Missouri valley east- ward and in the Black Hills. Helianthus animus, L. Common Sunflower. Common throughout the state. Helianthus petiolaris, Nutt. Prairie Sunflower. O^ dry prairies throughout the state; rare from the James valley eastward. Helianthus scaberrimus, Ell. Stiff Sunflower. Helianthus rigidus, Desf, Abundant on dry prairies throughout the state. Helianthus Maximiliani, Schrad. Maximilian's Sun- flower. On rather low prairies throughout the state. 209 Heliaiithus grosse-serratus, Martens. Saw-toothed Sun- flower. In low ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys; common. Heliaiithus tuberosus, L. Jerusalem Artichoke. In moist soils in the vicinity of streams, from the Missouri valley eastward. Helianthus tuberosus subcauesceiis, Gray. In the Sioux valley; rare. Helianthella quinquenervis, (Hook.) Gray. Five-nerved False Sunflower. On dry knolls in the Black Hills. Balsamorhiza sagittata, (Pursh.) Nutt. Balsamroot. In the Black Hills. Coreopsis tiiictoria, Nutt. Garden Tickseed. In moist soils from the Missouri valley eastward. Cereopsis palmata, Nutt. Stiff Tickseed. In the Sioux valley near Sioux Falls; rare. Bideiis laevis, (L.) B. S. P. Smooth Burr Marigold. In wet meadows in the Black Hills. Bideiis ceriiua, !,. Nodding Burr Marigold. In wet soils from the Missouri valley eastward. Biclens connata, Muhl. Purple-stemmed Beggartick. In swamps in the Sioux valley. Bideiis frondosa, L. Sticktight. In moist soils from the Missouri valley eastward. Hymenopappus tenuifolius, Pursh. Woolly Hymeno- pappus. On dry plains from the Missouri valley westward. Hymenopappus fllifolius, Hook. Tufted Hymenopappus. On dry prairies from the Missouri valley westward. Bahia oppositifolia, Nutt. Bahia. On dry plains from the Missouri valley westward. 210 Picracleiiia acaulis, (Nutt.) Britton. Stemless Picradenia. Actinella acaulis, Nutt. In dry, gravelly or sandy soils in the Black Hills, and on the hills and buttes from the Missouri valley westward. Helenium autumiiale, L,. Sneezewort. In low, wet places in the Minnesota, Sioux and James valleys. Gaillarclia arista! a, Pursh. Great Flowered Gaillardia. On dry gravelly banks and knolls in the Minnesota valley and the Black Hills. Dysodia papposa, (Vent.) A. S. Hitchcock. Fetid Mari- gold. Dysodia chrysanthemoides, Lag. In low places along streams from the James valley westward. In many places in the Missouri valley it has become a bad weed. Achillea Millefolium, L. Yarrow. In fields and waste places in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys, and in the Black Hills. Anthemis Cotula, L. Mayweed. In waste places from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, L. White Daisy. Sparingly introduced in the Sioux valley. Tanacetum vulgare, L. Tansy. Escaped from gardens in the Sioux and James valleys, rare. Artemisia Canatlensis, Michx. Canada Wormwood. On sandy hillsides in the Black Hills. Artemisia caudata, Michx. Wild Wormwood. In sandy soils throughout the state. Artemisia dracunculoides, Pursh. Common Worm- wood. In thickets and on prairies throughout the state. an Artemisia filifolia, Torr. Silvery Wormwood. In the Bad Lands country just east of the Black Hills. Artemisia frigida, Willd. Wormwood Sage. In loose gravelly soils throughout the state. Artemisia biennis, Wild. Biennial Wormwood. Introduced from the Missouri valley eastward. A bad weed, native of the Northwest Territory. Artemisia serrata, Nutt. Saw-leaved Mugwort. In thickets and on low ground, not common. Artemisia longifolia, Nutt. Long-leaved Mugwort. On the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward, occasional in the James valley. Artemisia giiaphalodes, Nutt. Prairie Mugwort. Abundant on prairies throughout the state. Artemisia caiia, Pursh. Hoary Sagebrush. On the dry plains from the Missouri valley westward. Petasites sagittata, (Pursh.) Gray. Sweet Coltsfoot. In the Black Hills near Rochford. Arnica cordifolius, Hook. Heart-leaved Arnica. On shady hillsides in the Black Hills. Arnica alpina, (L.) Olin. Arctic Arnica. Mountain To- bacco. In canons and on shady banks in the Black Hills. Senecio iiitegerrimus, Nutt. Entire-leaved Groundsel. Occasional in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys and in the Black Hills. Seiiecio lugens, Richards. Black Tipped Groundsel. On prairies in the Sioux and James valleys and in the Black Hills. Senecio caiius, Hook. Silvery Groundsel. In dry soils in the Black Hills, a common and variable species. 212 Senecio Plattensis, Nutt. Prairie Ragwort. In dry ground in the Black Hills. Senecio Balsamit?e, Muhl. Balsam Groundsel. Senecio aureus Balsamita?, T. & G. On prairies from the Missouri valley eastward and in the Black Hills; common. Senecio aureus, L,. Golden Ragwort. In low, wet ground in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Seuecio Douglasii, DC. Douglas' Ragwort. In dry soils in the plains region, along the Cheyenne river. Senecio palustris, (L.) Hook. Marsh Ragwort. In swamps in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Senecio vulgaris, L,. Common Groundsel. Occurs in cultivated and waste ground in the Minne- sota and Sioux valleys. Senecio eremophilus, Richards. Mountain Ragwort. On dry soils in the Black Hills. Senecio rapifolius, Nutt. In shady places in the Black Hills. Senecio discoideus, (Hook.) Britton. Northern Squaw Weed. In moist ground in the Missouri valley, Charles Mix county. The specimens are typical, except that the achenes are sharply four-sided and hairy on the angles. Arctium minus, Schk. Common Burdock. Sparingly naturalized in shady waste places in the southern part of the Sioux valley and in the Minnesota valley. Carduus altissimus, L. Roadside Thistle. Cnicus altissimus, Willd. In fields, woods and waste places in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. 213 Carduus discolor, (Muhl.) Nutt. Field Thistle. Cnicus discolor, Muhl. On prairies in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Carduus Virginianus, L. Virginian Thistle. Cnicus Virginianus, Pursh. In woods and thickets in the Minnesota and Sioux valleys. Carduus undulatus, Nutt. Wavy-leaved Thistle. Cnicus undnlatus, Gray. On plains and prairies throughout the state. Carduus ochrocentrus, (Gray.) Green. Yellow-spined Thistle. Cnicus ochrocentrus, Gray. In dry soils in the Black Hills. Carduus Plattensis, Rydberg. Prairie Thistle. In sandy soils in the southwestern part of the state. Carduus Drummoiidi, (Gray). Cnicus Drummondi, Gray. In damp meadows in the Black Hills. Carduus Caruovireiis, Rydberg. Collected near Sylvan lake in the Black Hills, by Mr. L. W. Carter. Specimens sent Dr. Rydberg were identified as this species. Carduus arvensis, (L.) Robs. Canada Thistle. Cnicus arvensis, Hoff. Sparingly naturalized in the Sioux valley. Centanrea Cyanus, L. Blue Bottle. Corn Flower. Roadsides near Hot Springs in the Black Hills. INDEX. Abronia Abutilon PAGE 14 r 171 169 Acer .................... . ... T69 Acetates .................... 183 Achillea ..... ................ 210 Acnida ...................... 140 Aconitum .................. 144 Acorus ...................... 1 25 Actinella .................... 210 Actaea ......... .............. 144 Acuan .............. « ....... 158 Adder-Tongues .............. 103 Adiantum ................... 104 Adicea ...................... 135 ADOXACE^ .................. 196 Adoxa ...................... 196 Agastache ............. ..... 188 Agoseris .................... 198 Agrimonia ................... 156 Agropyron .................. 118 Agrostemma ................. 142 Agrostis ..................... 113 Alexander ................... 178 Alisma ...................... 108 AUSMACE.E ................. 108 Allium ...................... 127 Allionia ..................... 140 Allocarya ................... 186 Alopecurus .................. 112 Alsine ....................... 141 Alum-root ................... 152 AMARANTHACE^ ............ 140 Amaranths .................. 140 Amaranthus ................. 140 AMARYLLIDACE^; ........... 130 Amaryllis .................... 130 AMBROSIACE^ ............. 200 Ambrosia ................... 200 Amelanchier ................ 157 American Brooklime 193 American Mint 190 American Spikenard 176 Ammannia 174 Amorpha !6o Ampelopsis 171 Amphicarpa 165 ANACARDIACB^ 169 Anaphalis 207 Andropogon 109 Androsace 181 Anemone 144 ANGIOSPERMS 106 Anogra 175 Antennaria 207 Anthemis 210 Aphyllon 194 Apios 165 Aplopappus 202 APOCYNACE^ 183 Apocynum 183 Apple Family 156 Aquilegia 144 Arabis 151 125 176 Aralia 176 Arctium 212 Arctostapylos 180 Arenaria 143 Argemone 147 Arisasma 125 Aristida in Arnica 211 Arrhenatherum 114 Arrow-grass 108 Arrowhead 108 Artemisia 210 Artichoke 209 Arums 125 216 PAGE 183 Asclepias 183 Ash 181 Asparagus 128 Aspen 132 Asplenium 104 Aster 204 Astragalus '. . . 161 Atriplex 139 Avena 114 Avens 156 Bahia 209 BAI.SAMINACE^ 170 Balsamorrhiza 209 Balsam Poplar 132 Balsamroot 209 Baneberry 144 Barberry 147 Barnyard-grass 109 Basswood 171 Bastard Toad-flax 135 Batrachium 146 Bearberry 180 Beard-grass 109 Beard-tongues 192 Bear's-grass 128 Beckmannia 115 Beckwith's Clover 159 Bedstraws 195 Bellwort Family 197 Bellwort 127 Bent-grass 113 BBRBERIDACE^ 147 Berberis 147 Berula 179 BETULACE^E 133 Betula 133 Bicuculla 147 Bidens 209 Bigelovia 202 Bilberry 180 Bindweed 184 Birch 133 Bird's- foot Trefoil 160 Bittersweet 169 Bitterweed 200 Black Cherry 158 PAGE Black-eyed Susan 208 Black Mustard 148 Black Raspberry .... 154 Black Snakeroot 177 Black Walnut 131 Bladder Campion 142 Bladder-pod 150 Bladderwort 194 Blazing Star 201 Blight 139 Blitum 139 Bloodroot 147 Blue Cohosh 147 Blue-eyed Grass 130 Blue Joint 1 14 Boltonia 204 Boneset 201 BORAGINAGB^ 185 Borage Family 185 Botrychium 103 Bottle Brush 1 76 Bouncing Bet 141 Bouteloua 115 Box Elder 170 Brachy ely trum 112 Brake 104 Brassica 148 Brauneria 208 Brewer's Cliff-brake 104 Brittle-fern 103 Brome 118 Bromus 118 Broomrape Family 194 Buckbean Family 182 Buckthorn Family 170 Buckwheats 135 Buffalo Berry 174 Buffalo Burr 164 Buffalo Clover 159 Buffalo Currant 153 Buffalo Grass 115 Buffalo Pea 161 Bug-seed 139 Bulbilis 115 Bulrush 121 Bunch-flowers 127 Bupleurum 179 2I7 Burdock PAGE 212 Catnip PAGE .'.. 188 Bur-head 108 Cat's-foot 207 Burning Bush , 169 Cat-tails ; 106 Burr Cucumber 197 Caulophyllum 147 Bur-reed 106 Ceanothus 170 Burr Marigold 209 CELASTRACE^; . . . 169 Burr Oak 134 Celastrus 169 Bursa 150 Celtis 134 Bush Clover 164 Centaurea 213 Bushy Blue stem 109 Centunculus 181 Buttercups ... 144 Cerastium 142 Butterfly Weed ..... 183 CERATOPHYLI.ACB; E 143 Button Snakeroo; . . . . . 201 Ceratophyllum . . . M3 C^SA^PINACE^e 158 Cercis 158 CACTACE^; 173 Cercocarpus 156 Cactus Family 173 Chaffweed 181 Cactus 173 Chamaenerion .... 174 Calamagrostis H4 Cheeses .-• 171 Calamovilfa "4 Cheilanthes 104 CAIvUTRICHACE^ 168 Cenchrus IIO Callitriche 168 CHENOPODIACE^E 138 Calochortus 128 Chenopodium 138 Caltha .... 144 Cherries 157 Camelirfb 150 Chickweed MI CAMPANULACE^; 197 Chicory Family . . . 198 Campanula 197 Choke Cherry 158 Canary Grass no Chrysanthemum . . 210 Cancer Root 194 Chrysopogon 109 Canoe Birch 133 Chrysothamnus . 202 Cannabis 134 ClCHORiACE^e 198 Caper Family 152 Cicuta 179 Capnoides 148 Cinna 113 CAPPARIDACE^ 152 Cinquefoils >54 CAPRIFOIvIACE^E 195 Circaea 176 Capsella 150 ClSTACE^E 172 Caraway 179 Clammy-weed .« 152 Cardatnine Claytonia 141 Carduus 212 Clearweed 135 Carex .... 122 Cleavers 195 Carrion Flower 129 Clematis 145 Carrot Family Carum 177 179 Cleoma Cliff-brake 152 104 CARYOPHYI^LACE^ 141 Clovers 159 Cassia 158 Club Mosses 105 Castilleja Catabrosa 193 116 Club Rushes Cnieus 121 - 2I3 Catchfly Hi Cocklebur 200 218 Colicroot PAGE 201 CUSCUTACE^ PAGE 184 Collinsia 192 Cuscuta 184 Collomia .... ... I85 Cup Plant . . . . 207 Columbine M4 Currant 153 Comandra 135 Cycloloma 139 COMMEWNACE^ 126 Cymopterus 177 Compass Plant 207 CYPERACE^ 1 20 COMPOSITE 200 Cyperus 120 CONVALLARIACE^ . • 128 Cypripedium .. . . 130 CONVOIRAGIDACE^ ............ 176 Harebell .................... 197 Hare's-ear Mustard .......... 152 Hazelnut ................... 133 Hawkweed ...... ........... 199 Heath Family ............... 180 Hedeoma .................. 189 Hedge Bindweed ............. 184 Hedge Hyssop ............... 192 Hedge Mustard .............. 148 Hedge Nettle ................ 189 Hedysarum ................. 164 Helenium ................... 210 Helianthella ................. 209 Helianthemum .............. 172 Helianthus ......... ......... 2(8 Heliopsis .................. 208 Heliotropium ............... 185 Hemp ...................... 134 Heracleum .............. . 177 Herpestis .................... 192 Heteranthera ............... 126 Heuchera .................... 152 Hibiscus .................... 171 Hieracium ................... 199 PAGE Hierochloe 1 1 1 Hippuris 176 Hoarhound 190 Hog Peanut 165 Homalobus 163 Homalocenchrus no Honewort 179 Honeysuckle Family 195 Hop Clover 159 Hops 134 Hordeum 119 Hornwort 143 Hosackia 160 Horseradish 149 Horse-tails 105 Horseweed 206 Huckleberry Family 180 Humulus 131 Hungarian Grass no HYDROPHYLLACE^E 185 Hydrophyllum 185 Hymenopappus 209 HYPERICACE^ 171 Hypericum 171 Ilypoxis •. 130 Hyssop 189 Hyssopus 190 Hysanthes 1 92 Impatiens..! 170 Indian Hemp 183 Indian Mallow 171 Indian Pipe Family 180 Indian Pipe 180 Indian Rice . . no Indian Soapweed 1 28 Indian Turnip 125 Ipomcea 184 IRIDACE^ 130 Iris 130 Ironweed 200 Iron-wood 133 Iva 200 Isophorus no Jewel-weed Family 1 70 JUNCACE^ 126 Juncus 1 26 Juncoides 127 221 _ PAGE JUGDLANDACE^; 131 Juglans 131 June Berry 157 Juniper 106 Juniperus 106 Kentucky Blue-grass 116 Kentucky Coffee-tree 158 Knot-grass 137 Knot-weed 137 Koeleria 116 Krynitzkia 186 Kuhnia 201 Kunistera 161 LABIATE 188 Laciniaria 2^1 Lactuca 198 Ladies' Slipper 130 Ladies' Tresses 131 Lady-fern 104 Lamb'o quarters 138 Laporiea 135 Lappula 186 Larkspur 144 Lathyrus 165 Lead Plant 160 Leeks 127 Leersia . no Legouzia 197 Lemna 126 LEMNACE^E 126 LENTIBUI^ARIACE^ 194 Leonurus 189 Lepachys 208 Lepargyrsea 174 Lepidium 148 Leptandra 193 Lepti'on 206 Lespedeza 164 Lesquerella 150 Lettuce ••-. 198 Leucocrinum 527 Lialris 201 Lithospermutn 187 LILIACB^ 127 Lilies 127 Liliutn 128 Lily of the Valley 128 LINAGES 166 Linaria jgX Linden Family 17! Linnaea j^g Linum ,66 Lip-fern IO4 Little Club Mosses 1,5 LOASACE^v 173 Loasa Family 173 Lobelia 197 Loco-weed 163 Louicera 196 Loosestrife Family 174 Loosestrife 174 Lophanthus 189- Lophotocarpus u.8 Lopseed 194 Lotus 160 Lousewort 193 Luetkea 154 Lungwort 187 Lupines 159 Lupinus 159 Lychnis 141 LYCOPODIACE^; 105 Lycopus 190 Lycopodiutn 105 Lygodesmia 198 Lysimachia 181 LYTHRACE^ 174 Lythrum 174 Machseranthera 205 Macrocalyx 185 Madder Family 194 Mahonia 147 Maiden-hair 104 Majanthemum 129 Male fern 104 Mallow Family 171 Malva 171 MALVACEAE 171 Malvastrum 171 Mamillaria 173 Manna Grass 117 Maple Family 169 Mariposa Lily 128 222 Marsh Foxtail PAGE 112 Moss Champion PAGE 142 Marsh Marigold Moschatel Family 196 Marsilea MARSILEACE^S; Matthiola Matricary Grape feru Mayweed . ... 104 . ... 104 .... 151 . ... 103 Motherwort Mountain Ash Mountain Rice Mouse Tail Mud Plantain 189 157 in 145 . 126 Meadow Grass Meadow Parsnip Meadow Rue .... 117 .... 178 Muhlenbergia Mulberry Mullen 112 134 . . . 192 Meadow-sweet Meibomia . ... 154 164 Munroa U5 . ..178 MEIvANTHACE^; Melilotus . . ... 127 Mustard Family Myosotis 148 . ... 187 MENISPERMACE^E Menispermum Mentha . . . . . . 147 . ... 147 Myosurus Myriophyllum Nabalus . ... 145 176 • • • T99 Mentzelia . . . Naiad .... 106 MENYANTHACE^ , ... 182 NAIADACE^ , 106 Menyanthes Meriolix. . ... 182 • • • • *75 Naias Nasturtium .... 107 149 Mertensia Mesquite Grass .... 187 IIS Naumbergia Neckweed i8r .... 193 Micrampelis . IQ7 Nepeta 189 Milk Purslane Milk Vetches Milkweed Family . .... 167 . ... 162 18? Nettles Nightshades Ninebark ...-•• 135 .... 191 .... 153 Milkwort Family . . 167 Northern spleauwort .... 104 MiMOSACE^E Mimosa Family Mimulus Mint Family .... 158 .... 158 , ... 192 1 88 Nothocalia NYCTAGINACE^E Nymphsea NYMPH^ACE^ .... 198 .... 140 .... 143 .... 143 Modesty 170 Oak -fern .... 103 Moehringia Monarda MONOCOTYLEDONS . ... 143 ... 189 106 Oat-grass CEnothera OLEACE^J .... 114 .... 175 .... 181 Monkey Flower Monkshood ... 192 Oleaster Family .... 174 181 Monniera I7S Monolepis ONAGRACE^E 174 Monotropa ... 180 Onoclea • • • • IO3 MONOTROPACE^v Moonseed Family ... i So 147 Onosmodium OPHIOGLOSSACE^E .... 187 • IO3 MORACE^ 1-34 Opulaster . • • • I53 Morning Glory Family Morongia Moras. . . ... 184 ... 158 , . 1T.A Opuntia Orchard-grass ORCHIDACE^E. . . .... 173 .... 116 . - no 223 PAGE Orache ! 39 Oreocarya j86 Oregon Woodsia 103 Orchids x^o OROBANCHACE^E 194 Orobanche 194 Orophaca 163 Orpine Family 152 Orthocarpus !93 Oryzopsis m Osmorrhiza 178 Ostrich-fern 103 Ostrya I33 OXAUDACE^ 166 Oxalis ' !66 Ox Eye 208 Oxygraphis 146 Oxytropis 163 Pachylophus. 175 Painted Cup 193 Panicularia 117 Panicum 109 PAPAVERACE^E 147 PAPIUJONACE^ 158 Parietaria 135 Parnassia 152 Paronichia 143 Parosela 161 Parsley 177 Parsnip 178 Parthenocissus 170 Pasque Flower 145 Pastinaca 177 Pea Family 158 Pedicularis 193 Pellaea 104 Pellitory 135 Pennyroyal 189 Penthorum 152 Pentstemon 191 Pepper-grass - 148 Peramium 131 Persicaria 136 Petalostemon 161 Petasites 211 Peucedauum 177 Phaca 163 PAGE Phalaris no Phegoptoris 103 Philotria 108 Phleum 112 Phlox 185 Phlox Family 185 Phragmites 115 Phryma 194 PHRYMACE^; 194 Physalis 190 Physaria 150 Physostegia 189 Picea 105 Pickerel-weed 126 Picradenia 210 Pigeon grass no Pigweed 138 Pilea 135 PINACE^. Pinus 105 Pine Drops 180 Pinks 141 PLANTAGINACE^ 194 Plantago 194 Plantain Family 194 Pleurisy Root 183 Plum Family 157 Poa 116 Poison Ivy 169 Poison Oak 169 Polanisia 152 Poi,EMONiACE^ 185 Polygala 167 POLYGALACH^ 167 POLYGONACE^ 135 Polygonatum 1 29 Polygomum ." 136 POIvYPODIACE^ 103 Polypodium 104 Polypody 104 POMACE^ 156 Pond Lily 143 Pond Weed 106 Poplar • • 132 Poppy Family 14? Populus 132 Porcupine Grass in Portulaca. 141 224 POR.TULACACB.fl5 PACK . . 141 Reed Grass : . . . PAGE . . 11* Potamogeton . . 106 RHAMNACE^E . . . 170 IQO Rhus . PONTBDERIACE^ Potentilla .. 126 . . 1^4 Ribes Rice Cut-Grass . •• 153 Powder-horn Prairie Clover Prairie Turnip .. 142 . .. 161 . .. 160 • IQQ Rock-cress Rock Maple Rocky Mountain Woodsia. . Rock-rose Family - . 151 .. I69 •• 103 Prickly Ash 167 Roripa 148 Prickly Pear Primrose Family ••• 173 ... 181 Rosa ROSACE^ .. I56 JC1 PRIMUI.ACE.S3 . 181 Roses "... . is6 i8q Rudbeckia 2O8 RUBIACE.SJ Psoralea PTERIDOPAYTKS Pteris pterospora . .. 160 -•• 103 . . . 104 . . 180 Rubus Rue Family Rumex Ruppia •• 154 .. 167 .. 136 . . 107 187 126 Purple-stemed Cliff-brake. . Purslane Pursley . .. 104 . .. 141 141 Rush-grass Russian Thistle Rur AC E.#V . . 112 •• '39 167 Pulsatilla Pyrola .... ... 145 1 80 Sage Sagebush .... .. I89 PYROLACE^ 1 80 Sagittaria 108 Pyrus .... 157 SALICACE^B Quack-grass Quamoclit Quercus ... 118 . . .. 184 ... 134 Salicornia Salix Salmon-berry Salsify • • 139 ... 132 ... 154 ioS Salsola RANUNCULACE^ Ranunculus y Ratibida Rattle-box ... 144 ... 146 ... 208 ICQ Sal via Sambucus Sand Cherry Sand Burr ... 189 • •• 195 •-• 157 Rattlesnake Plantain. .'.... Rattlesnake Root Rayless Goldenrod Red Ash ... I3I ... I99 . . . 202 181 Sandwort Sanguinaria Sanicula SANTALACE.^ -.- 143 - • • 147 . .. 177 Redbud 158 Saponaria Red Cedar Red Osier ... 106 .... 179 Sarsaparilla Savastana ... 177 . . . in Redroot RedtOD .. .... 170 . . in SAXIFRAGACE^ Saxifraees. . . ... 152 . . I