FIELD MUSEUM

OF

NATURAL HISTORY

MANUAL

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OF THE
I'VVERSITY OF

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

MANUAL

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

NOVEMBER. 1922

OFFICERS

STANLEY FIELD, President.

MARTIN A. RYERSON, First V ice-President.

WATSON F. BLAIR, Second V ice-President.

ALBERT A. SPRAGUE, Third V 'ice-President.
D. C. DAVIES, Secretary.

CEORGE MANIERRE, Assistant Secretary.
SOLOMON A. SMITH, Treasurer.

THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES

EDWARD E. AYEK. ALBERT W. HARRIS.

WATSON F. BLAIR. ARTHUR B. JONES.

JOHN BORDEN. CHAUNCEY KEEP.

HARRY E. BYBAM CYRUS H. MCCORMICK

WILLIAM J. CHALMERS. GEORGE MANIERRE.

UICHARD T. CRANE, JR. MARTIN A. RYERSON.

D. C. DAVIES. JAMES SIMPSON.

MARSHALL FIELD SOLOMON A. SMITH.

STANLEY FIELD. ALBERT A. SPBAGUE.

ERNEST R. GRAHAM. WILLIAM WRIGLEY, JR.

HONORARY TRUSTEE

OWEN F. ALOIS.

Page Two

ADMINISTRATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE MUSEUM

DIRECTOR

5 0 ~j D. C. DAVIES

DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY

--" *) 5 *f\ BERTHOLD LAUFER, Curator

Assistant Curators
CHARLES L. OWEN — Archaeology
FAY-COOPER COLE — Malayan Ethnology
ALBERT B. LEWIS — African and Melanesian Ethnology
J. ALDEN MASON — Mexican and South American Archaeology
HELEN C. GUNSAULUS — Japanese Ethnology
RALPH LINTON — North American Ethnology

§ DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

CHARLES F. MILLSPAUGH, Curator
B. E. DAHLGREN, Associate Curator — Economic Botany

Assistant Curator
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE — Taxonomy

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY

O. C. FARRINGTON, Curator

HENRY W. NICHOLS, Associate Curator

ELMER S. RIGGS, Associate Curator of Paleontology

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

WILFRED H. OSGOOD, Curator

WILLIAM J. GERHARD, Associate Curator of Insects

C. E. HELLMAYR, Associate Curator of Birds

Assistant Curators
EDMOND N. GUERET — Osteology
R. MAGOON BARNES — Oology
ALFRED C. WEED — Fishes
EDMUND HELLER — Mammals
JOHN T. ZIMMER — Birds
KARL P. SCHMIDT — Reptiles and Amphibians

Division of Taxidermy
JULIUS FRIESSER, in charge

DEPARTMENT OF THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION

S. C. SIMMS, Curator

THE LIBRARY

ELSIE LIPPINCOTT, Librarian

EMILY M. WILCOXSON, Assistant Librarian

RECORDER GUIDE LECTURER AUDITOR

H. F. DITZEL DOROTHY A. ROBERTS BENJ. BRIDGE

SECTION OF PRINTING

U. A. DOHMEN, in charge

SECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION

C. H. CARPENTER, Photographer CARL F. GRONEMANN, Artist

A. A. MILLER, Photogravurist

SUPERINTENDENT OF MAINTENANCE CHIEF ENGINEER

JOHN E. GLYNN W. H. CORNING

Page Three

\ 02 I 060

"Oh mickle is the pow'rful good that lies
"In herbs, trees, stones, and their true qualities:
"For nought so vile that on the earth doth live,
"But to the earth some secret good doth give.
"And nought so rich on either rock or shelf,
"But, if unknown, lies uselesse to itself.
"Therefore who thus doth make their secrets known
"Doth profit others, and not hurt his own."

Romeo & Juliet, Act II, Scene III.

Page Four

FOREWORD

This review has been prepared in order to supply a
constant demand for information concerning the
foundation, the endowments, and the activities of the
Museum. It contains brief references to the exhibits
in the departments of Anthropology, Botany, Geology
and Zoology, the activities of the N. W. Harris Public
School Extension, and the Library of the Institution.
A list of contributors to the Museum, and a short
account of the more important expeditions undertaken,
are also given.

The Museum is the property, by free gift, of the
people of Chicago. It is the aim and ambition of the
Trustees and Staff to maintain high standards of
museum technique and efficiency, and to develop, still
further, the educational influence of the institution.
It is realized that a well conducted and equipped
natural history museum is a people's university; a
means of culture and recreation.

D. C. DAVIES, DIRECTOR.

November 1, 1922.

Page Five

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FOUNDATION AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT

The story of the phenomenal rise of Chicago as a

commercial and industrial center is a romance that

,has few equals in the history of the cities of the world.

:It is too well known to need repetition here. As far

;back, however, as the early eighties, there existed a

i feeling among a group of public spirited citizens, who

had the best interests of the city at heart, that the

growth was not proportional. They were conscious

that, to secure the future welfare of the community,

proper facilities for popular education and culture

should be provided. This feeling crystalized into a

determination to construct and equip a great Museum

which would make science and knowledge, in their most

interesting and fascinating form, accessible to every

member of the community.

In 1891 preliminary steps were taken to attain this
end, and the Columbian Historical Association was
formed. The preparations for, and the holding of the
World's Fair in 1893 caused the project to remain in
abeyance for a time ; but on August llth of that year
the Directors of the Exposition appointed a committee
composed of George R. Davis, H. N. Higinbotham and
James W. Scott to form a nucleus of representative
citizens who were interested in the matter. This re-
sulted in the formation, on August 21st, 1893, of "The
Columbian Museum of Chicago" and articles for its
incorporation were prepared.

Page Seven

The number and the value of the exhibits shown
at the World's Columbian Exposition, and their fitness
for museum purposes, was an opportunity to establish
a museum on a large and liberal scale, of which the
committee was not slow to avail itself. The great
nations of the world, after a long period of peace and
prosperity, had reached a high state of artistic and
industrial development. The competition and rivalry
resulted in each nation producing and exhibiting its
best; the display of material was consequently
unsurpassed. The pioneers of the Museum deter-
mined that the most important and valuable of these
exhibits must remain in Chicago.

The task of acquiring valuable collections was
conducted with great zeal; but the expense was
great, and it was not until October 26th, when it was
announced that Marshall Field had given one million
dollars to the institution, that the future of the
Museum was assured. Two days later, George M.
Pullman and Harlow N. Higinbotham each subscribed
one hundred thousand dollars, and Mrs. Mary D.
Sturges gave fifty thousand dollars. Holders of stock
in the World's Columbian Exposition gave shares to
a par value of one million, five hundred thousand
dollars.

Several valuable collections were then purchased
and numerous gifts of exhibition material were re-
ceived. The first notable contribution of this character
was that of Mr. Edward E. Ayer, who presented his
anthropological collection valued at over one hundred
thousand dollars.

The Palace of Art, most beautiful of the World's
Fair buildings, was secured as a temporary home for

Page Eight

the Museum, and the exhibits were assembled in this
building. Frederick J. V. Skiff was given temporary
charge of the onerous task of classifying the great
mass of material, and was later made Director. The
exhibits were practically installed by May 1st, 1894;
and on May 21st, the Trustees changed the name to
"Field Columbian Museum." The doors were opened
to the public for the first time on June 2nd, 1894.

With the Museum an accomplished fact, the Trus-
tees began the work of development, in the course of
which it was found advisable to make a number of
changes in the original plans. At the time the Museum
opened, its main purposes were: "the accumulation
and dissemination of knowledge, and the collection and
preservation of objects illustrating the various phases
of Art, Archaeology, Science and History." Under
this plan, however, the collections rapidly grew to
such proportions that the Trustees finally decided it
would be advisable to limit the collections to the
sciences of Anthropology, Botany, Geology and
Zoology. As a result of this decision, there was a
general readjustment, and much valuable material
was distributed among other institutions. The name
was then changed to that used today, Field Museum of
Natural History.

Although the exhibits were only placed in the old
World's Fair Building temporarily, it was twenty-
seven years before they were finally housed in the mag-
nificent structure which is now their permanent home.

Mr. Marshall Field's interest in the Museum never
flagged, and his earnestness was demonstrated in his
will, which provided a bequest of eight million dollars,
one half of which was for an endowment fund, and one

Page Nine

half for a building, the plans of which were completed
and approved before Mr. Field's death in 1906. By
the terms of the bequest, the city of Chicago was to
provide the site for the new building ; and the location
finally chosen was at the foot of Roosevelt Road, on the
Lake front, a spot easily accessible from all parts of
the city. The construction of the building was begun
in 1915 and completed in 1920.

Transportation of the exhibits from the old build-
ing to the new, a distance of six miles, was a task of
herculean proportions. Many of the exhibits had to
be handled with extreme care. Some were of great
bulk, others of great weight. The exhibition halls of
the old building were left untouched and open to the
public until about a month before the transfer began.
Spur tracks were laid across Jackson and Grant Parks,
connecting the two buildings with the Illinois Central
Railroad. The transfer was made by rail and by motor
trucks. The exhibits furnished full loads for three
hundred and twenty-one box and flat cars, and more
than three hundred and fifty capacity loads for five-ton
motor trucks. The new building was formally opened
to the public on May 2nd, 1921.

THE NEW BUILDING

The building which houses the exhibits of Field
Museum of Natural History is a beautiful structure of
white Georgia marble, classic in design and massive in
proportion.

The main architectural motives of the building were
inspired by the Erechtheum, one of the noted temples
of the Acropolis group in Athens and generally recog-

Page Ten

nized as the most refined example of the Ionic order.
This ancient building which combined the sanctuaries
of Erechtheus and Athena Polias, stands upon the spot
where, according to Greek mythology, the contest for
the possession of Athens between Athena and Poseidon
took place. After the burning of the original building
by the Persians in 480 B. C., the rebuilding of the
structure was begun, and it is supposed to have been
finished about 407 B. C. It is particularly famous for
the decorative use of caryatids.

With this classic structure as a prototype, the ar-
chitects, D. H. Burnham and Co., designed a monu-
mental building. After the death of Mr. Burnham
and the dissolution of the firm, the task was continued
and completed by its successors, Graham, Anderson,
Probst and White. It is severf hundred feet long,
three hundred and fifty feet wide and approximately
ninety feet in height. The north and south facades
are divided into a large pedimented central pavilion
and two long wings, having a complete series of Ionic
columns running throughout their length, and termi-
nated by smaller pavilions at each end. This order
rests upon a basement story, and is crowned by an
attic pierced with windows.

An attractive feature of the exterior is the terrace,
sixty feet wide, extending all the way around the build-
ing and rising six feet above the ground. This ter-
race has a retaining wall, steps and balustrade of
the same marble as the building proper. The main
entrance is provided with an ample flight of steps lead-
ing up to the central doorway, and is emphasized by the
decorative flagstaffs placed on the terrace at the east
and west.

Page Eleven

When various projects, now under way, are com-
plete, the building will stand in a parked area of great
attractiveness, and will be easy of access by a series of
boulevards, the Illinois Central suburban service, by
street cars, and the Elevated System.

The interior of the Museum building consists, in its
general arrangement, of a great central hall or nave,
flanked by transverse exhibition halls on both sides;
these exhibition halls being again united by halls run-
ning parallel to the nave at each end of the building.
The central hall rises to the entire height of the build-
ing. The rest of the structure is divided into floors, all
of which are devoted to exhibition purposes, except the
third floor which is used as working space for the
scientific staff.

The central hall, which is dedicated to Mr. Stanley
Field, President of the Museum, contains four except-
ionally fine statues designed by Mr. Henry Hering.
These figures symbolize the purposes of the Museum,
and blend with the architectural treatment of the hall.
The figures flanking the north archway represent Nat-
ural Science and the Dissemination of Knowledge;
those at the south typify Research and Record.

The JAMES SIMPSON THEATRE, which was built
with funds provided by Mr. James Simpson, and a
lecture hall occupy the western portion of the ground
floor. They are reached by a special entrance from
the west terrace, and also by a broad stairway from
the first floor.

The theatre is one hundred feet long, ninety-five
feet wide, and twenty-three feet high. It seats one
thousand and fifty-two persons. The architectural
treatment is in accord with the rest of the building, and

Page Twelve

is Greek in character. The central seating space is
surrounded on three sides by a Doric colonnade forming
lobbies fourteen feet wide. The fourth side is occupied
by a stage adapted for the use of stage settings,
moving pictures or a speaker. The lecture hall, to the
north of the vestibule, seats two hundred and fifty
persons.

The Museum building was planned and designed to
provide for the following: first, perfect exhibition
rooms for the display of scientific collections; second,
adequate housing and equipment for the scientific and
working staffs which must accompany such collections ;
third, a building which would attain the high standard
of Greek architecture, and hold a worthy place among
the monumental structures of Chicago.

EXHIBITS

Exhibits in Field Museum of Natural History have
been gathered by collectors who have specialized in the
respective departments of the natural sciences. These
collectors have been dispatched to many parts of the
world for the purpose of accumulating exhibition and
study material. Those who planned this work have
adhered so closely to their clearly defined purposes,
that the Museum is noted for its exactness and purity
of method, and the material exhibited in the Museum is
becoming more and more appreciated for its attract-
iveness, coordination, high educational value and
economic usefulness.

The exhibits are grouped into four departments
under the general classifications of Anthropology,
Botany, Geology and Zoology. The collections in each
department are definitely arranged under their respect-
ive divisions. All exhibits are provided with brief

Page Thirteen

descriptive labels for the information of the visitors.
A necessarily restricted outline of the exhibition mate-
rial in the Museum follows:

Stanley Field Hall, which occupies the nave of the
building, contains representative exhibits from each of
the departments of the Museum. These exhibits are
intended to give a general glimpse of the activities of
the institution as a whole, and to serve as an intro-
duction to the systematic collections in the exhibition
halls. The visitor, on entering the Museum, finds him-
self at the north end of this hall, and from here it is
easy to find his way to any of the other halls.

ANTHROPOLOGY

Few sciences are of more absorbing interest than
that of Anthropology. To trace the evolution of man,
from the dim ages of the past, when he was scarcely
more responsible than the beast, fumbling and groping
his way onward through the darkness, now making
good progress, now halting, but ever struggling blindly
onwards, is an education in itself. The rate of develop-
ment has proceeded unequally, in wave-like formation.
It is therefore possible at the present time to meet man
in most of the various phases of development. Even
on our own continent men living under conditions that
obtained in the stone age may be met in some of the
remote districts. The exhibits in this Department are
intended to show the various stages of evolution in
which the various races of the world are to be found ;
the degree of culture and enlightenment to which they
have attained; and to show, from their past history,
the path they trod to reach that stage.

Entering the Mary D. Sturges Hall immediately
to the east of the nave, we find ourselves among the

Page Fourteen

Eskimo, whose culture is based principally upon hunt-
ing the seal and the whale. Therefore, the proper note
is at once struck in the first exhibit we meet, a life-
sized model of an Eskimo hunter, seated in his frail
but buoyant kayak, his spear upraised and poised ready
to strike his prey. His boat, his costume, the para-
phernalia of his trade placed before him on the mini-
ature deck, are complete and correct to the last detail.
Passing on, we come to other groups illustrating other
aspects of their life. They are to be seen cleaning
skins, for which they find numerous uses ; laboriously
drilling holes in ivory; returning home from hunting
with a seal on a sledge which is drawn by huskies.
To the left an Eskimo girl is fishing through a hole
in the ice. Round about are examples of the skin-
clothing they make for themselves, their implements
and their utensils.

Further on we come to the Kwakiutl Indian and
a model of his residence. One group is intently playing
the Guessing Game. A Cannibal Dancer of the same
tribe is a fine study, — his fierce emotions being vividly
expressed in his face.

In the next hall the Salish Tribes are represented,
who form a cultural link between the tribes of the
North West Coast and those of the Woodland area.
The house group represents the Indians very busily
engaged in their domestic industries of basket and
mat making, preparing skins and cooking food. The
inevitable baby is slung in a cradle suspended at the
end of a long branch. Some of the headgear in the
cases around this model might give valuable sugges-
tions to a modern milliner in search for the "latest
thing" in bonnets. Sauk and Fox Indian homes are
shown in blazing summer sun and in winter snows.

Page Fifteen

Here and there in his ceremonials it is possible to
catch a glimpse of the soul of the Indian. His instinct
for worship, groping in the darkness for the unknown
god, can be seen in the background of his crude but
romantic rites. This is especially true in the case of
the Pawnee sacrifice to the morning star, the thunder
ceremony, the purification of the sacred bundles, and
the ritualistic setting of the many altars which are
illustrated in the various halls. Other collections
portray clearly the life and the culture of Indians
of the Great Plains and the Indian tribes of Arizona,
Mexico and California. The Hopi Group is especially
well staged. They are seen at home busily preparing
food, weaving, basket making, etc., giving an impres-
sion of industry which is, perhaps, in excess of the
truth in actual life. Hopi dolls are much in evidence.
A Hopi bride in bridal costume looks charming, but
the Hopi dancers in their weird masks and barbaric
clothing are grotesque in the extreme.

And yet, this ferocious get-up has a distinct signifi-
cance. Wherever, north, south, east or west, are found
tribes in the earlier stages of development, there also
will be found the symptoms of a vague indefinite, yet
very real, sense of fear clutching at their hearts.
Their idols and their worship of them invariably
reflect this subconscious terror of the unknown.
When, for the purpose of their ceremonials, they put
aside their own personalities, they generally clothed
themselves in garments and masks which were calcu-
lated to produce in their neighbors and their enemies
the ever-present sense of fear that lurked just below
the surface in their own lives. The Museum is partic-
ularly rich in exhibits of such emblems. The masks of

Page Sixteen

New Guinea, including the huge towering structures
of feathers and grass, should be noted.

War and worship seem to be closely allied in the
life of primitive man. Instruments of offence and
defence, laboriously fashioned and cunningly wrought,
are to be seen on every side. Boomerangs, clubs,
spears, bows and arrows, axes, knives, all are shown
in infinite variety. As man develops he introduces
ornamentation in to his weapons, his clothing and his
utensils. The American Indian, in particular, lavished
much of his time on personal decoration. A splendid
collection of Navajo blankets is seen in cases 33-38.

A study of the inhabitants of the Philippine Islands
is of peculiar interest, and the characteristics and
life of the principal tribes are well illustrated in
Hall 9. A model of a Tinguian village gives a kind of a
bird's eye view of the form of their houses, — airy
structures on stilts, — and the villagers performing the
ordinary callings of a workaday life. The smithy
group is lifelike, but what strikes the observer as
extraordinary is that, while they have invented an
excellent bellows made of two cylinders with hand-
worked pistons, they still retain a primitive sledge
hammer made of stone. A loom and spinning wheels
are exhibited, which display a considerable proficiency
in the art of weaving. Their basketry is fine and
splendid specimens are to be seen.

A realistic view of a Bontoc Igorot village of
thatched huts is shown. One villager is feeding his
pig; others are at work in the smithy; others are
weaving. They have a very interesting system of irri-
gation, which is shown. Another group shows their
women making and glazing pottery. The Negrito, the

Page Seventeen

Philippine aborigine, possesses wicked-looking fighting
knives and other weapons. The Mohammedan Moros,
also, are evidently a tribe of warriors. Their suits
of armor are finely made and their cannon, varying
in size from that of a pistol upward, are elaborately
ornamented.

The islands of the Pacific, about which so much is
written at the present day, are well represented in
Joseph N. Field Hall and would well repay a careful
examination.

The Egyptian collection is to be found on the
ground floor. The Museum is indebted for the material
exhibited in this section to the generosity and the
efforts of Edward E. Ayer, a trustee of the Institution,
who collected it during several visits to Egypt.
Here is a different race and a different civilization
to those we have already seen. Today, with the
exception of the Pyramids, the Sphinx and a few
ruins, nothing remains of a people that in its day
was the most cultured on earth. Life beyond the
grave was one of the chief tenets of their religion.
Indeed, in their passion for immortality, they came
near to achieving immortality for their mortal bodies ;
for here we find bodies brought across thousands of
miles and thousands of years with the paint as fresh
on their coffins as when they were buried in the days
of long ago in the land of sun and sand, and without
a trace or sign of bodily corruption. In many cases
their names are known. Here lies a lady named Tinto
who lived at Thebes a thousand years before Christ
was born. Not far off is a lady called Men, who was
related to the Theban priests of Ammon. Pidi-Mut,
who was for years a door-keeper of a temple at Thebes,
rests close by. The process of mummification was not

Page Eighteen

perfected in a day as may be seen. A pre-dynastic
mummy from Luxor shows the primitive form of the
process. It lies on its side huddled up, its hands closed
as if in prayer, a pitiful heap of skin and bones. Later
the body was swathed in linen bandages, which in sub-
sequent years, were further covered with papier-mache
— the portrait of the dead person being painted on the
outside, and on the coffin. Here may be seen an ancient
cedar-wood mortuary boat, which conveyed the dead,
in the time of Sesostris III, from Dashur across the
Nile to what they believed to be their last resting
place. An object of great interest is the curiously-cut
leather corselet of a priest of Thebes, it being one of
the only two in existence. In the excitement of the
funeral these important garments were evidently over-
looked, and were not discovered until the body had been
buried. A square hole was then cut in the rock door
of the tomb in which the corselets were sealed, which
accounts for their preservation in a perfect condition.
The Egyptian, like most of the ancients, believed that
the life beyond continued without a break, under the
same conditions as those on earth, hence their anxiety
to take the good things of the world with them. A
princess had her two pet antelopes placed in the grave
with her; much of the most treasured property was
buried in their owner's tomb for future use. All
around are specimens in great variety of objects of
art and use of the various periods.

Etruscan, Greek and Roman antiquities of great
variety and interest are exhibited in Edward E. Ayer
Hall. It is impossible not to admire the simple, strong,
yet highly artistic, qualities these exhibits display.
Worthy of special attention are the Etruscan bronzes,
the alabaster sarcophagi, burial urns, the funerary

Page Nineteen

couch, the Roman objects in silver and bronze, the
Pompeian finds, the wall paintings, the surgical and
musical instruments, ewers, seats and furniture.

More familiar to most Americans are the Chinese
and Japanese peoples. Yet a visit to Frank W. Gun-
saulus and other halls will delight all who admire
Eastern art in its many aspects. The Blackstone ex-
pedition of 1908-10 with Dr. Berthold Laufer at its
head, penetrated far into the forbidden land of Tibet,
and returned laden with treasures from Tibet and
China, which are now on exhibition at the Museum.
The gorgeous dresses and hideous masks which the
Tibetans use in dancing to cast out demons and devils
are fully representative. People who thought that the
Tibetan was the filthiest of men, will be surprised at
the culture shown in many of the exhibits. China and
Japan are also well represented. The Chinese shadow
plays and their actors' dresses and masks are very
interesting. The representation given of the Chinese
Purgatory varies considerably in conception from those
of Virgil, Dante and others. In the Japanese collec-
tion, the examples shown of the art of Hokusai and
his followers are worthy of study, as also are the ware,
the sword guards, swords, tapestries and women's
costumes.

The above brief and casual account of a few items
in the Anthropological Department of the Museum is
intended merely to indicate the value and the interest
of the exhibits. When it is stated that the number of
exhibits in this Department alone is over 160,000, each
of them worthy of careful examination, the extent and
the scope of the various collections will be readily
imagined.

Page Twenty

BOTANY

In the Department of Botany, as in all other de-
partments of the Museum, every effort is made to
present the exhibits in an attractive and comprehen-
sible manner, with the idea of popularizing the science
as far as possible. The exhibits fill five halls; and it
is an interesting point in this connection, that this is
the first time in the history of natural history muse-
ums, that botany has been given space comparable
with that allotted to other departments. In every case,
the economic products of the plant are stressed, thus
making the exhibits, not only instructive to the student
or casual visitor, but of actual value to the business
man.

In the arrangement, the underlying purpose is to
present the natural succession of plant life from the
lowest orders to the highest. This .succession is illus-
trated particularly in Hall 28. When plants are micro-
scopic, an enlarged reproduction is used to reveal their
character. In flowering plants, a complete or large
portion of a characteristic plant of each family is re-
produced in natural size. Following this, an enlarged
flower in section reveals the more minute floral charac-
teristics of the family, and fruits peculiar to the fam-
ily are shown. Wherever possible, preference is given
to a species generally known to the public.

• The reproductions have all been made in the Mu-
seum by a staff of artists working in a series of labor-
atories founded and supported by Mr. Stanley Field.
They are made up of exact casts of each part of the
original living plant ; and in their truth to nature, life-
like appearance and freshness, they form a collection
unique in the museums of the world.

Page Twenty-one

These plant life studies are associated with such
products as may be yielded by the plants of the family,
and utilized by man in the arts, industries, or as food.
Exhibits of this type follow through Halls 28, 29 and
25. The specimens illustrating the products are in
quantities proportionate to their use. For instance, a
little used gum or resin is illustrated by a single speci-
men ; Indian corn by twelve whole cases. Another val-
uable fact demonstrated is that the products of plants
in each family are as distinct in their uses, as the
plants themselves are in their botanical character. It
appears, for example, that if one member of a family
yields a dye, other members are likely to yield dyes.

There are two other halls in the department. One
of them is devoted to the timbers of the world arranged
geographically, the woods being partly in their natural
condition and partly finished to show their character
in cabinetry. The display of Japanese woods is the
most complete ever brought together. The second of
these halls is devoted to the trees of North America.
The diameter of the specimens selected are one half of
the average diameter of the respective species ex-
hibited. Each species is installed in a separate case.
Labels and maps are attached which supply complete
information. In the center of the hall is a red-wood
trunk of half the diameter to which the species grows.

The herbarium is on the third floor. It contains
more than 500,000 specimens. They are accessible, on
application, to those who are specially interested.

Page Twenty-two

GEOLOGY

The Geological material is assembled in two collec-
tions,— the one arranged according to the scientific, —
the other according to the economic or industrial
standpoint. The scientific classification is that usually
followed in school and college text books. The eco-
nomic arrangement, on the other hand, groups the
materials, irrespective of their scientific order, accord-
ing to the uses to which they are put.

The first portion of the collection is the mineral
group which is classified according to Dana's order.
Then follows the W. J. Chalmers crystal collection
showing the different forms o£ the crystallization of
minerals. The meteorite collection which comes next
is the largest in the world and contains examples of
more than half of the known meteorites.

The physical geology section illustrates the struc-
ture of the earth's surface and the effects of the various
natural forces on the materials of which the earth is
composed.

The rock collection is very extensive, consisting of
specimens of uniform size, grouped according to kind
and composition.

Geographic geology is illustrated by means of some
sixty relief maps and models, which include represen-
tations such as the Yosemite Valley, Niagara Falls, the
Grand Canyon and the Natural Bridge of Virginia.

In the section of Historical Geology, the develop-
ment of life on earth from the age of the simplest
invertebrates to that of man is followed in historical
sequence.

The economic exhibits in Frederick J. V. Skiff
Hall consist of collections of the ores of precious and

Page Twenty-three

base metals, marbles and building stones, and abras-
ives, alkalies, salts and phosphates. In Hall No. 36,
coals, petroleums, and other hydro-carbons and their
products, economically important clays, soils and
sands are exhibited. Models and diagrams show the
method and devices adopted by man in utilizing these
substances.

H. N. HIGINBOTHAM HALL

Here is displayed one of the most complete collec-
tions of gems and jewels in existence, containing, as
it does, nearly every known gem or precious stone, in
the finest cut examples, as well as crystals, cleavages
and rolled grains. Many of the objects are of histori-
cal interest and world-wide reputation. Among these
is a diamond, on which the bust of William II of Hol-
land was engraved by DeVrees of Amsterdam. The
Hope aquamarine is a beautiful gem weighing 331%
karats. The Tiffany aquamarine should also be in-
spected. Among the opals should be noted the famous
Sun God Opal from the Hope collection. Special atten-
tion should be taken of the Russian topazes, the cut
amethysts, and the uncut Chilton emerald crystal. A
thin section of rock crystal, 9% inches in diameter,
forming a screen on which is engraved "The Finding
of Moses," is believed to be the finest thing of its kind
in existence. A valuable collection of crystallized and
wire gold and gold nuggets is exhibited.

The nine cases arranged on the walls are worthy of
careful inspection. They contain Egyptian and classi-
cal jewelry, Greek and Roman cameos and intaglios, a
remarkable collection of jewelry from India, and pre-
historic American gold ornaments.

Page Twenty-four

ZOOLOGY

Exhibits of the Department of Zoology occupy the
western half of the main floor of the Museum. They
comprise representative and extensive displays of the
animal life of the world, from the lower invertebrates
to the highest mammals. These are so arranged that
four large halls are devoted to mammals, two to birds,
one to fishes, reptiles and marine fauna, one to shells
and insects, and one to osteology.

Mammals are arranged in two series, one being
systematic, to show one specimen of each of the princi-
pal species ; the other being in habitat groups, showing
several animals of the same species in natural sur-
roundings, and illustrating the habits and character-
istics of that particular species. Thus, in the hall of
systematic mammals one finds a classified series show-
ing the species grouped according to their natural
relationships, from the curious egg-laying ornithor-
hyncus to the gorilla, chimpanzee and other man-like
apes. Any particular species is to be found, properly
placed, with those to which it is most nearly related.

In addition to the hall of systematic mammals,
there are two halls of habitat groups. These are
doubtless the most attractive features of the zoological
exhibits. Most important is the hall of African game
animals, containing the principal masterpieces of the
well known taxidermist and sculptor, Carl E. Akeley.
Among the groups in this hall are the African buffalo,
koodoo, wild ass, zebra, hartebeest, wart hog and vari-
ous antelopes. There are two African elephants, also
the work of Mr. Akeley, which occupy the central space
in Stanley Field Hall. The animals were secured by
the Museum's expeditions to Somaliland and British

Page Twenty-five

East Africa. In technical quality of workmanship, in
artistic arrangement and in fidelity to nature, these
groups set a high standard in taxidermy.

Next in importance to the African groups are those
of the larger American mammals, chief of which are
four groups of Virginia deer, illustrating the habits
and appearance of the animal at the four seasons of
the year. Other American groups show the moose,
bison, prongbuck, grizzly bear, musk ox, polar bear,
mountain sheep and beaver.

The systematic collection of birds is arranged in
two sections. In the first, every family of birds extant
in North America is represented. In the second are
birds from foreign countries.

The hall of habitat groups of birds contains a series
of beautiful mountings with large painted backgrounds
and a complete representation of natural surroundings.
Among the species represented in these groups are the
golden eagle, California condor, northern loon, whoop-
ing crane, wild turkey, white pelican, flamingo and
various gulls and terns.

Fishes are well represented. Of special interest
are cases of Atlantic and Pacific game fishes, and Chi-
cago market fishes. The larger part of the collection
is arranged systematically. The display of reptiles
and batrachians, while not extensive, includes a num-
ber of celluloid models of small snakes, frogs and
toads, which are of unusual excellence.

The osteological collection is large and comprises
complete skeletons of individuals from almost every
important group of vertebrates. Of particular interest
are the skeletons of the primates and of the right
whale.

Page Twenty-six

In addition to the public exhibition collections, the
Department of Zoology has large research or study col-
lections, which are accessible to specialists and stu-
dents, and which, upon application, may be consulted
by anyone interested. The research collection of mam-
mals contains about 23,000 specimens, and is one of the
most important collections of its kind in the world.
The collection of birds numbers some 54,000 specimens,
and is particularly rich in West Indian and South
American examples. The fish and reptile collection is
large, and includes much material from Central Amer-
ica. The insect collection is largely local, except in
the case of butterflies and moths, of which there are
more than 50,000 specimens from all parts of the
world.

N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION OF
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of Field
Museum of Natural History is, in effect, a traveling
museum. Study of the records of attendance showed
that the number of school children who visited the Mu-
seum had never been as large as was desired. In order
to extend the educational influence of the Museum
among these children, an endowment of two hundred
and fifty thousand dollars was provided by the late
Norman Wait Harris. Later twenty-five thousand dol-
lars was added by the heirs to the Harris estate. The
interest on this benefaction is being expended in the
preparation of cases containing attractive and in-
structive exhibits of specimens, which are circulated
among the public schools by means of a specially de-
signed motor car. There are now about eight hundred

Page Twenty-seven

cases ; and they are sent to the schools in groups which
are frequently changed.

The value of these exhibits has been summed up by
Doctor Maria Montessori, who, after careful inspection
of typical cases, made the following statements in an
unsolicited letter:

"I admire very much the way in which nature is
interpreted in this exhibit. The units attract the
child's attention and do not teach errors. They truly
represent nature.

"I consider the collection a most desirable contri-
bution to school work and education generally. I hope
that many more of these beautiful exhibits may be
made."

Ten typical cases of this series are exhibited in
Stanley Field Hall. The success of this movement has
been greatly aided by the hearty cooperation given by
the superintendent, principals and teachers of the
schools of Chicago.

THE LIBRARY

The work of the Museum Library, briefly told, is to
supplement the Museum collections and to facilitate
the work of the Scientific Staff. As the Museum seeks
to interest and instruct its visitors in its exhibits, so
the library endeavors to supply books descriptive of
those subjects; for no exhibit, however carefully or
fully labeled, can give all the information that may be
desired by a specially interested visitor.

The library is divided into four sections, corres-
ponding to the four departments of the Museum. In
the section of the Department of Anthropology may be
found books pertaining to the history of the American
Indian, the natives of the Philippine Islands, Mexico,

Page Twenty-eight

Central and South America, India, Japan, China,
Egypt, etc. In the Botany Section are books treating
of the form of plants, their structure, the nature of the
tissues of which they are composed, their classification
and distribution. The Department of Geology is
equipped with works on the science of the past and
present conditions of the earth, with special reference
to the physical changes which it has undergone, or
which may still be taking place. Here may also be
found books on minerals, gems, semi-precious stones
and meteorites. The Department of Zoology has inter-
esting books on mammals, reptiles, insects, birds and
fishes of every known species. The Edward E. Ayer
library of ornithology forms a special collection of
great value, and covers its subject to a degree un-
equalled except in a few of the largest libraries of
the world. It is especially rich in large sumptuously
illustrated volumes and series. Another special col-
lection, presented by Mr. Ayer, is devoted to angling
and ichthyology. It includes some fifteen hundred
volumes.

In the general reading room, connected with the
library, are files of the current scientific periodicals as
well as the memoirs, transactions and other publica-
tions of learned societies throughout the world. Here
also are the more general reference books for the use
of those whose time is limited.

The curators of all departments cooperate with the
library and, whenever necessary, specialists are acces-
sible for expert advice.

This merely suggests the resources of the library
which offers, for reference, free to the use of museum
visitors, some eighty thousand books and pamphlets.

Page Twenty-nine

PUBLICATIONS

The issue of a series of publications was begun
early in the history of Field Museum of Natural His-
tory. These have been published in the following
series: Report, Anthropological, Botanical, Geological,
Ornithological and Zoological. More than two hundred
have been published up to the present. Among them
are excellent treatises and monographs, as well as nu-
merous reports of discoveries of scientific interest.
These publications have a wide circulation among
other museums, scientific societies and educational
institutions, with which an exchange system has been
established. A list of the publications may be had on
application to the Director.

Lately a series of illustrated leaflets of a popular
type has been started. These treat of interesting ex-
hibits, some of them being economic in character.

Since its removal into the new building, the Museum
has installed presses and now does its own printing,
and photogravure work.

EXPEDITIONS

The vitality of most institutions may be gauged by
their activities, and this is true even of museums. The
world is a vast treasure-house filled with an inexhaust-
ible store of riches, which await the arrival of the
trained investigator who alone is able to recognize
the value of these gems in the rough. All great mu-
seums have expeditions in the field, searching dili-
gently for treasures of various kinds. Field Museum
of Natural History holds a proud record for field inves-
tigations during its short history. It has extended its
expeditions, like tentacles, to practically all parts of

Page Thirty

the world to gather specimens and exhibits for the
Institution. Up to the present about 275 expeditions
have been sent out, many of which have been financed
by gentlemen whose names are given on another page.

It would be comparatively easy of course to buy a
number of the exhibits, but the Trustees have realized
the importance of personal exploration by their staff.
It is only in this way that the best and authentic
material can be collected. A large expense and a
great deal of labor and hardships are incurred, but it
is felt that in no other way is it possible to obtain
proper re'sults.

The Blackstone Expedition under the leadership of
Dr. Berthold Laufer spent three years (1908-10) in
China, and the comparatively unexplored country of
Tibet, and some of the most interesting exhibits in the
Museum were discovered and brought back by it. The
R. F. Cummings expedition worked five years in the
Philippine Islands studying the customs of the various
tribes and making collections. Under the leadership
of Dr. George A. Dorsey, archaeological material was
collected in Egypt, and ethnological exhibits obtained
from India, Ceylon, Java, Australia, New Ireland,
Buka, Bougainville, New Guinea and the Philippines.
Islands of the South Pacific Ocean were visited by the
Joseph N. Field expedition beginning in 1909 and re-
maining at work until 1913. Expeditions financed
by Captain Marshall Field are now studying the
archaeology, botany, geology and zoology of South
America, and the Arthur B. Jones expedition is at
work in Sumatra, Java and Borneo. Exhaustive study
of the Indians of North America, Mexico and Peru
has been made by a number of expeditions.

Page Thirty-one

Several expeditions have gone out under the direc-
tion of Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, Curator of Botany. In
1894 and 1895, Mr. Allison V. Armour took expeditions
to the West Indies and Yucatan in his yacht, Ituna, and
to the same localities again in 1898 and 1899. During
the years from 1904 to 1911, with the exception of the
year 1906, the flora of all of the Bahama Islands was
studied. In 1911 and 1912, an expedition made collec-
tions in Japan, China, the Philippine Islands, Java,
Ceylon and India. Collections were made on all of the
Florida Keys during 1904. There have also been
numerous botanical expeditions sent to all parts of the
United States.

In connection with the work of the Department of
Geology, Dr. Oliver C. Farrington has conducted expe-
ditions into Mexico and various parts of the United
States, and is at present engaged in the collection of
minerals in South America. H. W. Nichols has made
collections of ores and minerals during several expedi-
tions through the Mississippi Valley, the Appalachian
Mts., etc. E. S. Riggs and his associates have col-
lected paleontological specimens in Colorado, the Da-
kotas and Alberta, Canada, and have recently em-
barked on an important expedition to Patagonia.

Several large expeditions have been sent out by the
Department of Zoology. The first African expedition,
which went to Somaliland in 1896 and 1897 under the
leadership of Dr. D. G. Elliot and Carl E. Akeley, was
especially fruitful in results. It obtained material for
most of the fine groups of African mammals now on
exhibition. A second African expedition was in the
field during 1906 and 1907, headed by Carl E. Akeley
and Edmund Heller. This expedition obtained some
2,500 specimens. Fishes were collected in Mexico and

Page Thirty-two

Central America by Dr. S. E. Meek, and unusually com-
plete collections were obtained. Commencing in 1908,
eight expeditions were sent to South America, where
most of their attention was devoted to mammals and
birds. One of the largest of these expeditions, under
the leadership of Dr. W. H. Osgood and M. P. Ander-
son, crossed South America from Peru to the eastern
coast of Brazil. Later, field work was done in
eastern Brazil by M. P. Anderson and R. H. Becker.
At present an expedition headed by Edmund Heller
and J. T. Zimmer is at work in Peru.

INCOME

The income for the support of the Museum is
derived from several sources. The citizens of Chicago
have confirmed legislation for the levy of a tax which
provides approximately $100,000 yearly. There is also
an endowment fund of about $5,000,000, the interest
of which is used. Other receipts come from the inter-
est on a gift of $50,000 from Mrs. Mary D. Sturges,
from memberships and from small amounts paid in
admissions.

Expeditions are financed largely by special contri-
butions. Among those who have given funds for this
purpose are: Joseph N. Field (South Pacific Is-
lands) ; Allison V. Armour (West Indies and Yuca-
tan) ; Mrs. T. B. Blackstone (China and Tibet) ; Stan-
ley McCormick (Arizona-Hopi) ; Stanley Field (Brit-
ish Guiana) ; Captain Marshall Field (South Amer-
ica) ; Arthur B. Jones (Malay Archipelago) ; and Rob-
ert F. Cummings (Philippine Islands).

Page Thirty-three

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION.
STATE OF ILLINOIS.

DEPABTMENT OF STATE.

WILLIAM H. HINBICHSEN, Secretary of State.
To ALL TO WHOM THESE PBESENTS SHALL COME, GBEETINGS :

Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged having
been filed in the office of the Secretary of State, on the 16th day '
of September, A. D. 1893, for the organization of the COLUMBIAN
MUSEUM OF CHICAGO, under and in accordance with the
provisions of "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April
18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory
thereof, a copy of which certificate is hereto attached.

Now, therefore, I, William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State
of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the powers and duties vested
in me by law, do hereby certify that the said COLUMBIAN
MUSEUM OF CHICAGO is a legally organized Corporation
under the laws of this State.

In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be
affixed the Great Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield,
this 16th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and ninety-three, and of the independence of the
United States the one hundred and eighteenth.

W. H. HINRICHSEN,
[SEAL] Secretary of State.

TO HON. WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN,

SECBETABY OF STATE:
SIB:

We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose
to form a corporation under an act of the General Assembly of
the State of Illinois, entitled "An Act Concerning Corporations,"
approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof; and
that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as
follows, to-wit:

1. The name of such corporation is the "COLUMBIAN
MUSEUM OF CHICAGO."

2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation
and dissemination of knowledge, and the preservation and
exhibition of objects illustrating Art, Archaeology, Science and
History.

3. The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested
in a Board of FIFTEEN (15) TBUSTEES, five of whom are to be
elected every year.

4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the
Trustees for the first year of its corporate existence:

Page Thirty-four

Edward E. Ayer, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams,
George R. Davis, Charles L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham,
John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock, Emil G. Hirsch, James W.
Ellsworth, Allison V. Armour, O. F. Aldis, Edwin Walker, John
C. BJack and Frank W. Gunsaulus.

5. The location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago,
County of Cook, and State of Illinois.

(Signed)

George E. Adams, C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman, F. W.
Putnam, Robert McCurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles
L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer Buckingham, Andrew McNally, Edward
E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat, George Schneider,
Henry H. (Jetty, William R. Harper, Franklin H. Head, E. G.
Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers,
Thomas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A.
C. McClurg, James W. Scott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. Walsh,
Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. Roche, E. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis,
Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, Joseph Stockton, Edward
B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor,
A. Crawford, Win. Sooy Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. Black,
Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen A.
Forbes, Robert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker,
George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth,
William E. Hale, Win. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington
W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, Melville E. Stone,
Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour.

•Cooic COUNTY
STATE OF ILLINOIS

I, G. R. MITCHELL, a NOTARY PUBLIC in and for said County,
do hereby certify that the foregoing petitioners personally
appeared before me and acknowledged severally that they signed
the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for the
uses and purposes therein set forth.

Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of
September, 1893.

G. R. MITCHELL,
[SEAL] NOTARY PUBLIC, COOK COUNTY, ILL.

CHANGE OF NAME.

Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate
members held the 25th day of June, 1894, the name of the
COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD COLUMBIAN
MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed June 26, 1894,
in the oflice of the Secretary of State for Illinois.

CHANGE OF NAME.

Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate
members held the 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the

Page Thirty-five

FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to this effect
was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of
State for Illinois.

CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3.

Pursuant to a resolution at a meeting of the corporate
members held the 10th day of May, 1920, the management of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY shall be invested
in a Board of TWENTY-ONE (21) TRUSTEES, who shall be elected
in such manner and for such time and term of office as may " e
provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was
filed May 21, 1920, in the office of the Secretary of State for
Illinois.

AMENDED BY-IAWS.

(JANUARY 1, 1921.)

ARTICLE I.

MEMBERS

SECTION 1. Members shall be of seven classes, Corporate
Members, Honorary Members, Patrons, Life Members, Associate
Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members.

SECTION 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of the
persons named in the articles of incorporation, and of such
other persons as shall be chosen from time to time by the Board
xof Trustees at any of its meetings, upon the recommendation of
the Executive Committee; provided, that such person named in
the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the
adoption of these By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as
Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their election,
pay into the treasury the sum of twenty ($20.00) dollars or
more. Corporate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or
Honorary Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings
of said Corporate Members shall be held at the same place and
on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of
Trustees is held.

SECTION 3. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board
from among persons who have rendered eminent service to
science, and only upon unanimous nomination of the Executive
Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues.

SECTION 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon
recommendation of the Executive Committee from among
persons who have rendered eminent service to the Museum.
They shall be exempt from all dues, and, by virtue of their
election as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members.

Page Thirty-six

SECTION 5. Any person paying into the treasury the sum of
five hundred ($500.00) dollars, at any one time, shall, upon the
unanimous vote of the Board, become a Life Member. Life
Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the
privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to
members of the Board of Trustees.

SECTION 6. Any person paying into the treasury of the
Museum the sum of one hundred ($100.00) dollars, at any one
time, shall upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become an
Associate Member. Associate Members shall be entitled to :
tickets admitting member and members of family, including
non-resident home guests; all publications of the Museum, if
so desired; reserved seats to all lectures and entertainments
under the auspices of the Museum, provided reservation is
requested in advance ; and admission of holder of membership
and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum
functions day or evening.

SECTION 7. Sustaining Members shall consist of such
persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of
Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual
fee of twenty-five ($25.00) dollars, payable within thirty days
after notice of election and within thirty days after each recur-
ring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the
member to free admission for the member and family to Museum
on any day and allows 25 admission coupons, which may be used
by any one, the Annual Report and such other Museum docu-
ments or publications as may be requested in writing. When
a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six
years, such member shall be entitled to become an Associate
Member.

SECTION 8. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as
are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at
any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of ten
($10.00) dollars, payable within thirty days after each recurring
annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the member
to a card of admission for the member and family during all
hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admis-
sion for the member and family to all Museum lectures or
entertainments. This membership will also entitle the holder
to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every
Museum of note in the United States and Canada, so long as
the existing system of cooperative interchange of membership
tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures
given under the auspices of any of the Museums during a visit
to the cities in which the cooperative museums are located.
ARTICLE II.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

SECTION 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-
one members. The respective members of the Board now in
office, and those who shall hereafter be elected, shall hold office

Page Thirty-seven

during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled at
a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the
Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the
Board, by a majority vote of the members of the Board present.

SECTION 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held
monthly. Special meetings may be called at any time by the
President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written
request of three Trustees. Five Trustees shall constitute a
quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the
Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but
meetings may be adjourned by any less number from day to
day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting.

SECTION 3. Reasonable written notice, designating the 'ime
and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary.

ARTICLE III.

HONORARY TRUSTEES.

SECTION 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of
services performed for the Institution, those Trustees who by
reason of inability, on account of change of residence, or for
other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in such capacity
shall resign their place upon the Board, may be elected, by a
majority of those present at any regular meeting of the Board,
an Honorary Trustee for life. Such Honorary Trustee will
receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether
regular or special, and will be expected to be present at all such
meetings and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an
Honorary Trustee shall not have the right to vote.

ARTICLE IV.

OFFICERS.

SECTION 1. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-
President, a Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a
Secretary, an Assistant Secretary and a Treasurer. They shall
be chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, a majority of those
present and voting being necessary to elect. The President, the
First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President, and the Third
Vice-President shall be chosen from among the members of the
Board of Trustees. The meeting for the election of officers shall
be held on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall
be called the Annual Meeting.

SECTION 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until
their successors are elected and qualified, but any officer may
be removed at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by
a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. Vacancies
in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting.

SECTION 3. The officers shall perform such duties as ordi-
narily appertain to their respective offices, and such as shall be
prescribed by the By-Laws, or designated from time to time bj
the Board of Trustees.

Page Thirty-eight

ARTICLE V.

THE TREASURER.

SECTION 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of
the Corporation except as hereinafter provided. He shall make
disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and
countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of
the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the
Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the
President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents.
But no warrant shall be issued, except in conformity with a
regularly prepared voucher, giving the name of the payee and
stating the occasion for the expenditure, and verified and
approved as hereinafter prescribed. It shall be no part of the
duties of the Treasurer to see that the warrants have been
issued in conformity with such vouchers.

SECTION 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging
to the Corporation shall be placed in the custody of some Trust
Company of Chicago to be designated by the Board of Trustees,
which Trust Company shall collect the income and principal of
said securities as the same become due, and pay same to the
Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company
shall allow access to and deliver any or all securities or muni-
ments of title to the joint order of the following officers, namely
the President or one of the Vice-Presidents, jointly with the
Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Com-
mittee of the Museum.

SECTION 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount,
and with such sureties as shall be approved by the Board of
Trustees.

SECTION 4. All vouchers executed for the payment of
liabilities incurred in the administration of the Museum, shall be
verified by the Auditor, and approved for payment by the
Director, and a member of the Executive Committee. All
voucher's executed for expenditures for the construction or
reconstruction of the Museum building, or buildings, shall be
verified by the Auditor and approved for payment by the Chair-
man of the Building Committee. All vouchers executed in
connection with the investments of the Corporation, or in any
way having to do with the endowment funds of the Corporation,
shall bo verified by the Auditor and approved for payment by
the Chairman of the Finance Committee.

SECTION 5. The Harris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago
shall be Custodian of "The N. W. Harris Public School Exten-
sion of Field Museum" fund. The bank shall make disburse-
ments only upon warrants drawn by the Director and counter-
signed by the President. In the absence or inability of the
Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the
Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the Pres-
ident, may be countersigned by the Vice-Presidents. But no

Page Thirty-nine

warrant shall be issued, except in conformity with a regularly
prepared voucher, giving the name of the payee and stating the
occasion for the expenditure, and verified and approved by the
Auditor, the Director, and a member of the Executive Committee.
It shall be no part of the duties of the said Custodian to see that
the warrants have been issued in conformity with such vouchers.

ARTICLE VI.

THE DIRECTOR

SECTION 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of
the Museum, who shall remain in office until his successor shall
be elected. He shall have immediate charge and super ision of
the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution,
subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Com-
mittees. The Director shall be the official medium of communi-
cation between the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific
staff and maintenance force.

SECTION 2. There shall be four scientific departments of the
Museum — Anthropology, Botany, Geology and Zoology; each
under the charge of a Curator, subject to the authority of the
Director. The Curators shall be appointed by the Board upon
the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the
pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific
departments shall be appointed and removed by the Director
upon the recommendation of the Curators of the respective
Departments. The Director' shall have authority to employ
and remove all other employees of the Museum.

SECTION 3. The Director shall make report to the Board at
each regular meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum
for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director
shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work of the previous
year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form
for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free
distribution in such number as the Board may direct.

ARTICLE VII.

AUDITOR

SECTION 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall
hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep
proper books of account, setting forth the financial condition
and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum, and
report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times
as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the
correctness of all vouchers for the expenditure of the money of
the Corporation.

ARTICLE VIII.

COMMITTEES.

SECTION 1. There shall be five Committees, as follows :
Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension and Executive.

Page Forty

SECTION 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of five
members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist
of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five
members. AJ1 members of these four Committees shall be
elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting and shall
hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected
and qualified. In electing the members of these Committees,
the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by
the order in which the members are named in the respective
Committee; the first member named shall be Chairman, the
second named the Vice-Chairman and the third named, Second
Vice-Chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this
order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman.

SECTION 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the
President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Com-
mittee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman
of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Com-
mittee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by
ballot at the Annual Meeting.

SECTION 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the
Executive Committee, and in all standing Committees two mem-
bers shall constitute a quorum. In the event that, owing to the
absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regularly
elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com-
mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein
provided, may summon any members of the Board of Trustees to
act in place of the absentee.

SECTION 5. Tbe Finance Committee shall have supervision
of investing the endowment and other permanent funds of the
Corporation, and the care of such real estate as may become its
property. It shall have authority to invest, sell, and reinvest
funds, subject to the approval of the Board.

SECTION 6. The Building committee shall have supervision
of the construction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all
buildings used for Museum purposes.

SECTION 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together
from time to time as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as
he may be requested to do by three members of the Committee,
to act upon such matters affecting the administration of the
Museum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly
Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the begin-
ning of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an
itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts from all
sources for the ensuing year, and make recommendations as to
the expenditures which should be made for routine maintenance
and fixed charges. Upon the adoption of the Budget by the
Board, the expenditures as stated are authorized.

SECTION 8. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision
over all accounting and bookkeeping, and full control of the
financial records. It shall cause the same, once each year, or

Page Forty-one

oftener, to be examined by an expert individual or firm, and
shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm to
the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such exam-
ination shall have taken place.

SECTION 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such
means and processes as shall be established by the .Board of
Trustees to whom and in what amount the Pension Fund shall
be distributed. These determinations or findings shall be subject
to the approval of the Board of Trustees.

SECTION 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report
the acts and proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular
meeting of the Board.

SECTION 11. The President shall be ex-offlcio a ^ X3mber of
all Committees and Chairman of the Executive Committee.
Vacancies occurring in any Committee may be filled by ballot at
any regular meeting of the Board.

ARTICLE IX.

NOMINATING COMMITTEE

SECTION 1. At the November meeting of the Board, each
year a Nominating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot.
Said Committee shall make nominations for membership of the
Finance Committee, the Building Committee, the Auditing Com-
mittee, and the Pension Committee, and for three members of
the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be sub-
mitted at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the
following Annual Meeting in January.

ARTICLE X.

SECTION 1. Whenever the word "Museum" is employed in
the By-Laws of the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the
building in which the Museum as an Institution is located and
operated, the material exhibited, the material in study collec-
tions, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records,
books, and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings,
researches, installations, expenditures, field work, laboratories,
library, publications, lecture courses, and all scientific and
maintenance activities.

SsqTiON 2. These By-Laws may be amended at any regular
meeting of the Board of Trustees by a two-thirds vote of all
the members present, provided the amendment shall have been
proposed at a preceding regular meeting.

Page Forty -two

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THE MUSEUM
OF $1,000 AND OVER

* MARSH ALL FIELD
STANLEY FIELD
EDWARD E. AYER
CAPT. MARSHALL FIELD

*NORMAN W. HARRIS
JAMES SIMPSON
*HARLOW N. HIGINBOTHAM
*GEORGE M. PULLMAN
*MARY D. STURGES

* JOSEPH N. FIELD
MRS. T. B. BLACKSTONE
CHARLES R. CRANE
ARTHUR B. JONES
MARTIN A. RYERSON
NORMAN W. HARRIS (heirs

of the late)

CHICAGO CITY RAILWAY Co.

STANLEY MCCORMICK

ROBERT F. CUMMINGS

MARSHALL FIELD AND Co.

THE MCCORMICK ESTATE

TIFFANY AND Co.
*PHILIP D. ARMOUR
*NORMAN B. REAM

MARVIN HUGHITT

ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD

LAKE SHORE AND MICHIGAN

SOUTHERN RAILROAD
*GEORGE E. ADAMS

CHARLES L. HUTCHINSON
*D. K. PEARSONS
"LAMBERT TREE
*J. W. DOANE
*RICHARD T. CRANE
*H. H. PORTER
*ALBERT A. SPRAGUE
*EDSON KEITH
*WILLIAM A. FULLER
*A. C. BARTLETT

UNION STOCK YARDS AND
TRANSFER Co.

WILLIAM WRIGLEY, JR.
WILLIAM J. CHALMERS
AMERICAN EXPRESS Co.
CARSON, PIRIE, SCOTT AND

Co.

JAMES J. HILL
CYRUS H. MCCORMICK
HOMER E. SARGENT
STANDARD OIL Co.
COL. ALBERT A. SPRAGUE
*FREDERICK J. V. SKIFF
MCCORMICK HARVESTER

MACHINERY Co.
SWIFT AND Co.
MRS. FRANCES E. OGDEN
DRAKE, PARKER AND Co.
HIBBARD, SPENCER,

BARTLETT AND Co.
MERCHANTS LOAN AND

TRUST Co.
MRS. ROBERT F. CUMMINGS

SCHLESINGER AND MAYER

W. G. HIBBARD
WATSON F. BLAIR
GEORGE F. PORTER
WILLIAM W. SHAW
GEORGE MANIERRE
CRANE Co.

W. DEERING AND Co.
J. V. FARWELL AND Co.
RAND MCNALLY AND Co.
REID, MURDOCH AND Co.
SPRAGUE, WARNER AND Co.
MONTGOMERY WARD AND] Co.
WASHINGTON PARK CLUB
M. D. WELLS AND Co.
ILLINOIS TRUST AND

SAVINGS BANK
NATIONAL BANK OF ILLINOIS
POTTER PALMER
SAM'L E. BARRETT

'DECEASED

Page Forty-three

HONORARY MEMBERS

AYER, EDWARD E. BLACKSTONE, MRS. T. B.

AVER, MRS. EDWARD E. FIELD, STANLEY

McCoRMiCK, STANLEY

PATRONS

ARMOUR, ALLISON V. KENNEDY, VERNON SHAW

BUTLER, EDWARD B. MANIERRE, GEORGE

COLLINS, ALFRED M. MARKHAM, CHARLES H.

DAY, LEE GARNETT MILLER, JOHN S.

GRAHAM, ERNEST R. PAYNE, JOHN BARTON

HUTCHINSON, CHARLES L. SARGENT, HOMER E.

JONES, ARTHUR B. SIMPSON, JAMES
SMITH, WILLARD A.

Page Forty-four

CORPORATE MEMBERS

ALOIS, OWEN F.
ARMOUR ALLISON V.
AVER, EDWARD E.

BLAIR, WATSON F.
BORDEN, JOHN
BUTLER, EDWARD B.
BYRAM, HARRY E.

CHALMERS, WILLIAM J.
CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, H. C.
COLLINS, ALFRED M.
CRANE, JR., RICHARD T.

DAVIES, D. C.
DAY, LEE GARNETT

EASTMAN, SIDNEY C.
ELLSWORTH, JAMES W.

FIELD, MARSHALL
FIELD, STANLEY

GAGE, LYMAN J.
GRAHAM, ERNEST R.

HARRIS, ALBERT W.

HUTCHINSON, CHARLES L.
JONES, ARTHUR B.

KEEP, CHAUNCEY
KENNEDY, VERNON SHAW
KOHLSAAT, HERMAN H.

McCoRMiCK, CYRUS H.
MANIERRE, GEORGE
MARKHAM, CHARLES H.
MITCHELL, JOHN J.

PAYNE, JOHN BARTON
PECK, FERDINAND W.
PORTER, GEORGE F.

RYERSON, MARTIN A.

SARGENT, HOMER E.
SIMPSON, JAMES
SMITH, SOLOMON A.
SMITH, WILLARD A.
SPRAGUE, ALBERT A.
STONE, MELVILLE E.

WRIGLEY, JR., WILLIAM

Pago Forty-five

LIFE MEMBERS

ADAMS, MILWARD
ALOIS, ARTHUR T.
ALOIS, OWEN F.
ALEXANDER, WILLIAM A.
ALLEN, BENJAMIN
ALLERTON, ROBERT H.
AMES, JAMES C.
AMES, KNOWLTON L.
ARMOUR, A. WATSON
ARMOUR, J. OGDEN
ARMOUR, LESTER

BAKER, Miss ISABELLE
BANKS, ALEXANDER F.
BARRELL, FINLEY
BARRETT, MRS. A. D.
BARRETT, ROBERT L.
BASSFORD, LOWELL C.
BEALE, WILLIAM G.
BECKER, A. G.
BANCROFT, EDGAR A.
BILLINGS, C. K. G.
BILLINGS, FRANK
BLACKSTONE, MRS. T. B.
ELAINE, MRS. EMMONS
BLAIR, HENRY A.
BLAIR, WATSON F.
BLOCK, P. D.
BOOTH, W. VERNON
BORDEN, JOHN
BORLAND, CHAUNCEY B.
BOYNTON, C. T.
BRIDGE, NORMAN
BREWSTER, WALTER S.
BROWN, WILLIAM L.
BUCHANAN, D. W.
BUFFINGTON, EUGENE J.
BURNHAM, JOHN
BUTLER, EDWARD B.
BYLLESBY, H. M.

CARR, CLYDE M.
CARR, ROBERT F.
CARRY, EDWARD F.
CARTON, L. A.
CHALMERS, WILLIAM J.
CLARK, EUGENE B.
CLAY, JOHN

CLOW, WILLIAM E.
COBE, IRA M.
CRAMER, CORWITH
CRANE, CHARLES RICHARD
CRANE, JR., RICHARD T.
CROWELL, H. P.
CUDAHY, JOSEPH M.
CUMMINGS, D. MARK
CUNNINGHAM, FRANK S.

DAU, J. J.
DAWES, CHARLES G.
DAY, ALBERT M.
DECKER, ALFRED
DEFREES, JOSEPH H.
DEERING, CHARLES
DEERING, JAMES
DELANO, FREDERIC A.
DICK, ALBERT BLAKE
DONNELLEY, REUBEN H.
DONNELLEY, THOMAS E.
DRAKE, JOHN B.
DRAKE, TRACY C.

ECKHART, B. A.
EDMUNDS, PHILIP S.

FAIR, ROBERT M.
FARNUM, HENRY W.
FARWELL, ARTHUR L.
FAR WELL, FRANCIS C.
FARWELL, JOHN V.
FARWELL, WALTER
FAY, C. N.
FELT, DORR E.
FERGUSON, Louis A.
FERNALD, GUSTAVUS S.
FIELD, MARSHALL
FIELD, STANLEY
FORGAN, DAVID R.
FORGAN, JAMES B.
FORSYTH, ROBERT
FYFFE, COLIN C. H.

GARTZ, A. F.
GARY, JOHN W.
GETZ, GEORGE F.
GLESSNER, JOHN J.
GODDARD, LEROY A.

Page Forty-six

GOODMAN, WILLIAM O.
GOODRICH, A. W.
GRISCOM, CLEMENT A.

HAMILL, ERNEST A.
HASKELL, FREDERICK T.
HASTINGS, SAMUEL M.
HIBBARD, FRANK
HILL, Louis W.
HINDE, THOMAS W.
HOPKINS, J. M.
HOPKINS, L. J.
HOROWITZ, L. J.
HOXIE, MRS. JOHN R.
HOYT, N. LANDON
HUGHITT, MARVIN
HULBERT, E. D.
HULBURD, CHARLES H.
HUTCHINSON, C. L.

INSULL, SAMUEL

JELKE, JOHN F.
JOHNSON, MRS. E. AYER
JONES, ARTHUR B.
JONES, DAVID B.
JONES, THOMAS D.

KEEP, CHAUNCEY
KELLER, THEODORE C.
KELLEY, WILLIAM V.
KING, CHARLES GARFIELD
KING, FRANCIS
KING, JAMES G.
KIRK, WALTER RADCLIFPE
KUPPENHEIMER, LOUIS B.

LAMONT, ROBERT P.
LAWSON, VICTOR F.
LEHMANN, E. J.
LEONARD, CLIFFORD M.
LOGAN, SPENCER H.
LORD, JOHN B.
LOWDEN, FRANK 0.
LYTTON, HENRY C.

McCORMICK, MRS.

McCoRMiCK, CYRUS H.
MCCORMICK, HAROLD F.
MCELWEE, ROBERT H.

MclNNERNEY, THOS. H.

MCKINLAY, JOHN

MCKINLOCK, GEORGE A.
MCLAUGHLIN, FREDERIC
MCLAUGHLIN, GEO. D.
MCLENNAN, D. R.
MCNULTY, T. J.
MCWILLIAMS, LAFAYETTE
MACVEAGH, FRANKLIN

MARK, CLAYTON
MARSHALL, B. H.
MARTIN, WILLIAM P.
MASON, WILLIAM S.
MINER, W. H.
MITCHELL, JOHN J.
MOORE, EDWARD S.
MORSE, JR., CHARLES H.
MORTON, JOY
MORTON, MARK
MUNROE, CHARLES A.

NATHAN, ADOLPH
NEWELL, A. B.

ORR, ROBERT M.

PALMER, HONORE
PALMER, POTTER
PAM, MAX
PATTEN, HENRY J.
PAYNE, JOHN BARTON
PEABODY, AUGUSTUS S.
PEABODY, FRANCIS S.
PIEZ, CHARLES
PIKE, CHARLES B.
PINKERTON, WILLIAM A.
PORTER, FRANK WINSLOW
PORTER, GEORGE F.
PORTER, H. H.

RAWSON, FREDERICK H.
REAM, MRS., CAROLINE P.
REVELL, ALEXANDER H.
REYNOLDS, GEORGE M.
ROBINSON, THEODORE W.
ROSENWALD, JULIUS
RUNNELLS, CLIVE
RUNNELLS, JOHN S.
RUSSELL, EDMUND A.
RUSSELL, EDWARD P.
RYERSON, MRS. CARRIE H.
RYERSON, EDWARD L.
RYERSON, MARTIN A.

Page Forty-seven

SCHWEPPE, CHARLES H.
SCOTT, GEORGE E.
SCOTT, HAROLD N.
SCOTT, JOHN W.
SHAFFER, JOHN C.
SHEDD, JOHN G.
SIMPSON, JAMES
SMITH, ALEXANDER
SMITH, ORSON
SMITH, SOLOMON A.
SOPER, JAMES P.
SPOOR, JOHN A.
SPRAGUE, ALBERT A.
STEWART, ROBERT W.
STOUT, FRANK D.
STRAWN, SILAS H.
STUART, ROBERT
STURGES, GEORGE
SUNNY, B. E.
SWIFT, CHARLES H.
SWIFT, EDWARD F.
SWIFT, JR., G. F.
SWIFT, Louis F.

THORNE, CHARLES H.
THORNE, ROBERT J.

UPHAM, FREDERIC W.

VAN VECHTEN, RALPH
VEATCH, GEORGE L.
VILES, LAWRENCE M.

WETMORE, FRANK O.
WILLARD, ALONZO J.
WILLITS, WARD W.
WHEELER, CHARLES P.
WILSON, OLIVER T.
WILSON, THOMAS E.
WILSON, WALTER H.
WINSTON, GARRARD B.
WINTER, WALLACE C.
WOOLLEY, CLARENCE M.
WRIGLEY, JR., WILLIAM

YATES, DAVID M.

ASSOCIATE MEMBER
MARVIN B. POOL

Page Forty-eight

ANNUAL MEMBERS

ADAMS, CYRUS H.
ADAMS, MILWARD
ARMOUR, GEORGE A.

BAILEY, EDWARD P.
BELDEN, JOSEPH G.
BOAL, CHARLES T.
BURLEY, CLARENCE A.

COMSTOCK, WILLIAM C.

CUMMINGS, E. A.

CURTIS, FRANCES H.

ElSENDRATH, W. N.

FIELD, HENRY
FRANK HENRY L.
FULLER, O. F.

GLESSNER, J. J.
GREY, CHARLES F.
GURLEY, W. W.

HITCHCOCK, R. M.
HOLT, GEORGE H.
HYRNEWETSKY, STEPHEN

JENKINS, DR. GEORGE H.
JONES, J. S.

LAMB, FRANK H.
LINCOLN, ROBERT T.
LINN, W. R.
LOGAN, F. G.

MAGEE, HENRY W.
MANSURE, E. L.
MAYER, LEVY
McCREA, W. S.
MEYER, MRS. M. A.
MOORE, N. G.
MULLIKEN, A. H.

PALMER, PERCIVAL B.
PARKER, FRANCIS W.
PEARSON, MRS. EUGENE H.

RIPLEY, MRS. E. P.

ROSENFELD, MRS. MAURICE

SCHMIDT, DR. O L.
SCHWARTZ, G. A.
SHORTALL, JOHN L.
SKINNER, THE MISSES
SOPER, JAMES P.
SPENCE, MRS. ELIZABETH E.
STOCKTON, JOHN T.

THROOP, GEORGE ENOS

WACKER, CHARLES H.
WALKER, JAMES R.
WALLER, EDWARD C.
WHITEHEAD, W. M.
WILSON, MRS. E. CRANE
WILSON, M. H.
WORCESTER, MRS. CHARLES H.

Page Forty-nine

GENERAL INFORMATION

LOCATION

The Museum is situated in Grant Park with the main en-
trance facing Eoosevelt Road extended east. The Illinois Central
main and suburban station at Park Row is within two blocks of
the Museum. Street car and elevated lines on Wabash Avenue
or State Street to Roosevelt Road also provide transportation to
within a few blocks of the Museum.

HOURS AND RULES OF ADMISSION
The Museum is open to the public during the following hours:

November, December, January 10 a. m. to 4 p. m.

February, March, April, October 10 a. m. to 5 p. m.

May, June, July, August, September 10 a. m. to 6 p. m.

On Sundays, Thursdays and Saturdays admission is free. On
other days an admission fee of 25c is charged. Children Free.
Students, professors and teachers in attendance at any recognized
University, College, School or Institute are admitted free upon
presentation of proper credentials. No return admission checks
are issued.

MUSEUM GUIDE-LECTURER

At the hours of 11 :00 and 3 :00, on Monday, Tuesday, Wednes-
day and Friday of each week, the Guide-lecturer conducts tours
through various sections of the Museum. Each tour lasts about
an hour and may be taken, without charge, by any Museum visi-
tor. The services of the Guide-lecturer may also be engaged,
without charge, by clubs, conventions, classes from public, paro-
chial and private schools, or other parties of ten or more indivi-
duals. Written application for this service should be made to
the Director of the Museum at least a week in advance of the
intended visit.

CHECKING

Canes, umbrellas and parcels must be checked at the entrances.
A fee of 5c is charged for this service.

INFORMATION

Information concerning the Museum and its activities may be
obtained at the main entrance, where the Scientific Publications

Page Fifty

of the Museum, Guides, Photographs and Picture Post Cards are
sold.

THE LIBRARY

The Library is open for reference daily except Sundays. The
Library contains approximately 80,000 volumes and pamphlets.

TELEPHONE

A Public Telephone will be found to the east of the Main
Entrance.

Copies of many photographs made by the Museum pho-
tographer are on sale at the main entrance.

Photographing and sketching in the Museum are permitted
under certain restrictions, details of which may be obtained upon
application at the Director's office.

RESEARCH COLLECTIONS

The research collections and laboratories of the Museum are
established on the third floor. They are not open to the general
public, but may be consulted by students, specialists, and invest-
igators upon request to the Curators in charge.

MEMBERSHIPS

Life members who contribute $500.00

Associate members who contribute 100.00

Sustaining members who contribute annually 25.00

Annual members who contribute annually 10.00

l*nge Fijty-one

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA