D NOTE-BOOK

Field Note-book of Fishes,

Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals

BY

A. H. WRIGHT and A. A. ALLEN

DEPT. OF ZOOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY

ITHACA, NEW YORK
1913

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

IJBRARY

< ' \EQE OF AGRICULTURE
DAVIS

COPYRIGHT 19 14
BY A. H WRIGHT AND A. A. ALLEN

Explanatory Note

'TpHE object of this note-book is two-fold : to facilitate the

taking of adequate notes in the field, and to teach

accuracy of observation.

The six outlines of animal forms represent generalized

types toward some one of which every vertebrate (except

the bird) will approximate, and which with slight changes

will accurately portray the species under observation.

Plate I — ^A generalized fish. This with slight modifica-
tions, will represent any of the fresh-water
forms, and most of the marine species.

Plate II — ^A generalized salamander. This will serve for
the adult and larval salamanders and newts,
and with modification will represent the alliga-
tors and the lizards.

Plate III — ^A generalized frog. This will represent any frog,
tree-frog or toad.

Plate IV — ^A generalized snake. This will represent the
harmless and the venomous snakes and the
limbless lizards.

Plate V — A generalized turtle. This will serve for any of
the turtles, tortoises or terrapins.

Plate VI — ^A generalized mammal. This with slight
changes will represent any of our smaller
native mammals.

The color areas should be outlined with pencil in the field,
while the animal is under observation, and after it has been
identified, the areas should be colored with crayons or water
colors. Egg and larval diagrams should be made in a similar
way if the specimens are observed in the field, but otherwise
notes as to color, nimiber, size and similar data may be
obtained from the instructor or from the texts.

The figures are so designed as to admit of the introduction
of such laboratory characters as scalation and costal
grooves, when needed.

In addition to outlining the color areas, such other items as
are observed or given by the instructor shoiild be written in
the field. Notes on general distribution, migration and
hibernation and other topics not considered or recorded
afield, should be obtained from the texts. In determining
the size use the ruler on the back cover, except in the mammal
studies where well-known forms may be chosen as standards.

In planning this booklet the authors have selected only
such features as have been fully tested through ten years of
experience in teaching university classes in field study.

i

MODEL SHEET

Proimin«Y4" .^Un<lu\dr fold
Ddirk brwyn Grr«.en

Date: May i, 19 14

Where found: Ren wick

Crests tr^tisluccnt

Tupil hoTi».w»i

V/K'.U

BTn>njAj, increscent
SpiT^jcle smistrdl Tine pencili'vt^s

Size: 3>^ inches

Common name : Leopard Frog.

Scientific name: Rana pipiens Schreber.

Family, and characters of: Ranidce: thorax incapable of expansion, upper jawwith teeth, moist smooth
skin, digits without discs.

Confusing species: Pickerel Frog.

Recognition marks: Entire under-parls white; back green or greenish brown, irregularly spotted.

Distinctive habits:

Distribution:

General: Eastern North America.

Local (habitat) : Marshes, ponds, water-courses and moist meadows.

Seasonal (migration, hibernation) : Mar. 26-Nov. i; hibernates beneath stones or in mud at the bottom
of ponds and streams; in summer leaves water for moist situations.

Food: Adults, carnivorous, feeding chiefly on living prey; tadpoles, largely vegetarian.

Correlated structure: Adults with extrusible, viscid tongue; teeth; large mouth. Tadpoles with long
intestines; rasping mouth-parts with cutaneous teeth.

Breeding:

Sexual modifications: Males smaller, darker, with thumbs much enlarged.

Courtship: Pectoral embrace; external fertilization.

Eggs: Egg-mass, plinth-like, submerged {3500-4500 eggs);
hatching period, 12-24 days; egg-vegetative Pole, distinctly white;
inner envelope, conspicuous.

I>»»>er e»tv«lop«. distTnet

Growth:

Larvae: Tadl>ole period, 60-80 days, transforming from June 30 -Aug. 6.

Young: At transformation, 18-31 mm. in length; otherwise similar to adult.

Other Characteristics: The most abundant frog in Eastern North America; the young occasionally
so numerous as to form the so-called 'plagues of frogs."

THE FAUNA OF ITHACA, N. Y.
FISHES

Species

Habitat

Breeding Time

Breeding Place

Lake Lamprey

Lakes

May 9- June 30

Nests; swift shallows
above riffles

Brook Lamprey
Lake Sturgeon

Lakes
Lakes

April 28-May 30
May -June

Nests ; swift shallows

above riffles
Shoal waters and in

rapids of streams

Long-nosed Gar

Deep channels, lakes,
large streams

May -June

Shoals, streams, possibly
attached to plants

Bowfin

Lakes, swamps, and
streams

May -June

Nest; shallow, weedy or
sandy sloughs, swamps

Spotted Cat

Swift, clear, gravelly
streams and rivers

May -June

Yellow Catfish

Sluggish, weedy, muddy
streams and lakes

May -July 20

Nest on muddy bottom

Long-jawed Catfish

Sluggish, weedy, muddy
streams and lakes

May 20-June 15

Nest on muddy bottom
or uilder board

Common Bullhead

Sluggish, weedy, muddy
streams and lakes

May 20-July I

Nests; shallow muddy
shoals under boards,
roots, etc.

Tadpole Cat

Sluggish, muddy, or swift
creeks, lakes

May -July i

Nest; under board, in
cans, under crockery

White Sucker

Creeks, diversified habi-
tat

April -May 15

Riffles or swift water

Hog Sucker

Small, and large, clear,
gravelly streams

April -May

Shallows of swifter
brooks

Chub Sucker

Creeks

April -May 15

Small streams

Red Horse

Lakes and creeks

April -May

Riffles of streams

Red-bellited Dace

Small, cold brooks and
streams, lakes

May -June

Shallow water

Silvery Minnow

Quiet rivers, creeks

April 2S-June

Quiet water and riffles

Fat-head Minnow

Quiet creeks

May -June

Under stones and logs in
quiet water

Blunt-nosed Minnow

Quiet streams, creeks,
and lakes

May iS-July 15

Nest; shallow water
under stones, etc.

Fallfish

Rapid rocky streams

May

Large pebble heaps in
shallow, swift riffles

Horned Dace

Small, quiet, weedy
streams, ponds

April 20-July

Smaller pebble heaps in
quiet water of riffles
and gravel bars in
lakes

Golden Shiner

Sluggish .muddy, weedy ,
bayous, ponds

May -July i

On vegetation, sluggish,
muddy waters

Black-chinned Minnow

May 8-June 12

Cayuga Minnow

Slow, muddy, creeks,
lakes

May 2-August

Quiet water, bayous

Varying-toothed Minnow

Sluggish, clear, cool lakes,
streams

May —June

Quiet water, bayous

Species

Habitat

Breeding Time

Breeding Place

Straw-colored Minnow

Swift, clear rivers,
streams

May 2S-July i6

Swallow-tailed Minnow

Sluggish or rapid waters

Silver-fin

Rapid, clear streams,
nvers

May 2i-June 28

Gravelly riffles

Spot-tail Minnow

Large lakes, rivers

April 25- May

Gravelly riffles

Common Shiner

Quiet, clean brooks,
creeks, rivers

May i-July 6

Hollow in fine gravelly
swift shoals

Silver-sided Minnow

Rapids, clear lakes.rivers,
larger streams

May 15-June I

Gravelly riffles

Blood-tailed Minnow

Quiet, clean creeks

June i-June 15

Black-nosed Dace

Clear streams and moun-
tain brooks

May 24-June

Shallow water, gravelly
riffles or on vegetation

Homyhead

Rapid, clean creeks,
streams and rivers

May 20-June 15

Nest, gravelly riffles

Cut-lip Minnow

Clear creeks

June -July

Carp

Sluggish, muddy lakes,
creeks, rivers

May -June

On vegetation in shallow

water

Eel
Alewife

Seas and lakes

Sea and inland lakes

April-June or July

Pelagic eggs but laid in

deep water
Mouths of larger streams

usually in shoal water

Whitefish

Deep, cool lakes

Oct-Dec.

Rocky shoals in lakes

Ontario Herring

Deep, cool lakes

Nov.-Dec.

Rocky shoals in lakes

Brown Trout

Clear, cold, rapid streams

Oct.-Jan.

Crevices between stones,
under roots, and exca-
vation on bottom

Rainbow Trout

Clear, cold, rapid streams

Nov.-Feb.

Gravel nest in shoals

Lake Trout

Deeper water, lakes

Oct.-Dec. I

Honey-combed, rocky or
gravelly shoals or clay
bottom

Brook Trout

Cold, clear, mountain
streams and lakes

Sept.-Jan.

Nest in grravel

Mud Minnow
Pickerel

Muddy, sluggis^i rivers,
ponds, lakes

Marshy bayous, ponds,
lakes

Mar. i6-Apr. 7
Feb .-June i

Small, transient ditches,
overflows, quiet water
on plants

Swampy streams, shal-
low overflows, ditches

Pike

Clean, sluggish water

Mar.-May

Swampy streams, shal-
low overflows, ditches

Fresh-water Killy

Lakes and ponds

June 24-Aug. 3

Grassy bottoms

Brook Stickleback

Clear, cool, quiet brooks
and ponds

Apr. lO-May

Spherical nest of vegeta-
tion attached to plants

Trout Perch

Lakes, larger rivers and
streams

May-June 10

Swift, gravelly streams

Brook Silverside
Calico Bass
Rock Bass

Quiet lakes, streams, and
ponds

Deep, sluggish rivers and

Sluggish, shady, clean
waters and streams

May-June
Apr.-June
Apr.-June

Eggs with filaments, at-
tached to vegetation

Nest; deeper water,
gravelly or sandy
bottom

Nest; gravelly or sandy
shoals

BluegiU

Large lakes and streams

May-June 10

Nest; gravelly or sandy
shoals

Common Sun fish

Quiet lakes, ponds and May-June
creeks 1

Nest; sandy or gravelly
shallows

Species

Habitat

Breeding Time

Breeding Place

Small-mouthed Black
Bass

Rapid, clear creeks,
rivers and lakes

Apr.-June 30

Nest; gravelly and sandy
shallows

Large-mouthed Black
Bass

Pike Perch

Streams or lakes

Clear, clean lakes, rivers

Apr.-July
Apr. i-June i

Nest, shallows amon^
roots; also on mud,
clay or gravel

Shallow water, sandy
bars, rapids of streams

Sand Pike

Lakes and large rivers

Apr. 1-15

Shallow water, sandy
bars

Yellow Perch

Lakes, larger streams

Mar. i-Apr. 30

Adhesive strings
attached to plants

Log Perch

Swift creeks, smaller
rivers

May 30-June 25

Johnny Darter

Swift, small brooks and
creeks

Apr. is-June i

Gravelly shallows under
stones, or overlapping
edges

Fantail Darter

Riffles and shallows of
gravelly creeks

May

Gravelly shallows, on
stones

White Bass

Lakes and large rivers

May, June

Near shore or at mouths
of rivers

Sheepshead

Large streams and lakes

Probably Nov. or later

Miller's Thumb

Clear, rocky brooks,lakes

Apr.-July

Shallow water under
stones

Burbot

Deep water, lakes

Nov.-March

Hard or rocky or gravelly
bottom of lakes and
streams

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:
Correlated structure:

Breeding:
Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laymg:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristic^^

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship :

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristio«4

PLATE I

Date

Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship :

Nestmg or egg-laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date

Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing si)ecies:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nestmg or egg-laymg:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young;
Other Characteristics;

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship :

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species.
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits'

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nestmg or egg-laymg:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other CharacteristJcs?

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species.
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits'

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship

Nestmg or egg -lay mg:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristtesi

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General: '

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Covuiiship:

Nesting or egg-laymg:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

/ood:
Correlated structure:

Breeding:
Sexual modifications:

Courtship :

Nesting or egg-laymg:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics!

1

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

!^ommon name:
Scientific name:
''amily, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
distinctive habits:

distribution:
General:

Local (habitat)?

Seasonal (migration):

"ood:
Correlated structure:

treeding:
Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laymg:

irowth:
Larvae:

Young:
)ther Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date

Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General :

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Pood:
Correlated structure:

Breeding:
Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laymg:

arowth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat) r

Seasonal (migration):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other CharacterisiiCs:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat) •

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship;

Nesting or egg -laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species.
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits*

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg -laying:

Growth:
Larvae;

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat)*

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristius:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing si)ecies:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration);

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship :

Nestmg or egg-laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration);

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nestmg or egg-laymg:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

?LATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat) r

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-lay mg;

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat)*

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:
Sexual modifications!

Courtship:
Nesting or >

-laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General: '

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration);

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laymg:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

^ood:
Correlated structure:

Breeding:
Sexual modifications:

Courtship ;

Nesting or egg-laymg:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics!

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat)?

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding;

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Youngt
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-lay mg;

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristicn

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General!

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding;

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nestmg or egg-laymg;

Growth:
Larvae:

Young: .
Other Characteristics!

PLATE I

Date

Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:
Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nestmg or egg -laying:

Gro^rth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laymg:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:
Correlated structure:

Breeding:
Sexual modifications:

Courtship ;

Nesting or egg-laying:

urowth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics;

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat) r

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

(Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nestmg or egg-laying:

Growth:
Larvae;

Young:
Other Character iSt.Ss;

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat)?

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexua! modifications:

Courtship:

Nestmg or egg -laying:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species.
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Clourtship:

Nesting or egg -laying:

Growth:
Larvae;

Young:
Other Characteristics;

PLATE I

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat) r .

Seasonal (migration):

Food:

(Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

(Courtship;

Nestmg or egg-iaymg:

• • • •

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other Characteristics:

THE FAUNA OF ITHACA, N. Y.
SALAMANDERS

Species

Earliest Spring
Appearance

Spawning Period

Egg-Transformation

Mud Puppy
Spotted Salamander
Four-toed Salamander
Red-backed Salamander
Slimy Salamander
Purple Salamander
Two-lined Salamander
Dusky Salamander
Newt

Mar. 13

Mar. 17

Apr. I

Mar. 14

Jan. 2, Mar. 12

Apr. 2

Jan. 2, Mar. 20

May i-June 15
Mar. 20-May I
Spring

June is-July 5
Probably summer
May, June
May i6-June
June lo-Aug. i
Apr. lo-june 18

Permanent larva
4-6 months

2.S — 3 months

Possibly 2 or more years
Possibly 2 years
8-10 months
4-8 months

FROGS AND TOADS

Species

Average Spring

Average Spawn-

Average Trans-

Egg-Transfor-

Appearance

ing Date

formation Date

mation

Peeper

Mar. 26

Apr. 10

July 6

90-100 da vs

Meadow Frog

Mar. 28

Apr. II

.uly 12

75-1 10 days

Wood Frog

Mar. 31

Apr. 4

June 27

60-1 IS days

American Toad

Apr. I

Apr. 23

une 21

45-65 days

Pickerel Frog

Apr. 3

Apr. 23

July 23
June 28

90-100 davs

Green Frog

Apr. 7

. une 7

I vear

Tree Toad

Apr. 28
May 20

June 2
July 4

July 25
July 16

45-65 days

Bull Frog

2 year^

PLATE II

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:

Recognition marks:
Diitinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation) :

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications :

Courtship:

Eggs:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:

Other Characteristics:

PLATE II

Date

Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:

Recognition marks:
Diitinctive habits:

Distribution:
General :

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation);

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Eggs:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young?

Other Characteristics:

PLATE II

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:

Recognition marks:
Diitinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation;:

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Eggs:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:

Other Characteristics:

PLATE II

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:

Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation);

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship :

Eggs:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:

Other Characteristics:

PLATE F

Date
Where found

SIZE
'Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:

Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation) :

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Eggs:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:

Other Characteristics:

PLATE II

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:

Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation) ;

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Eggs:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:

Other Characteristics:

PLATE F

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:

Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution :
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation) :

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:
Eggs:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:

Other Characteristics!

PLATE II

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:

Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat) :

Seasonal (migration, hibernation) :

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications :

Courtship:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:

Other Characteristics:

PLATE n

Date

Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing 'species :

Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General :

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation; :

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young?

Other Characteristics:

PLATE n

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:

Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Eggs:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:

Other Cbaracteristics:

PLATE m

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:

Other characteristics.

PLATE HI

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General: ,

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation^ t

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:
Eggs:

Growth;
Larvae:

Young:

Other characteristics.

PLATE m

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:

Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation);

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:
Eggs:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other characteristics.

PLATE m

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice!

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:
Eggs:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:

Other characteristics.

PLATE m

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:
Eggs:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:

Other characteristics.

PLATE m

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of|

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation)

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Eggs:

Growth:
Larvae;

Young:

Other characteristics

PLATE ra

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation |

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice!

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:
Other characteristic's.

PLATE m

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific naxne:
Family, and characters of|

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation) !

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice;

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Growth:
Larvae:

Young:

Other characteristics.

THE FAUNA OF ITHACA, N. Y.
SNAKES

Species

Earliest

Spring

Appearance

Latest

Fall

Record

Reproductive
Period

Nature of
Reproduction

Ring-necked Snake
Green Snake
Pilot Snake
Black Snake
Milk Snake
Water Snake
Red-bellied Snake
Ribbon Snake
Garter Snake

Apr. 19
Apr. 9
Apr. 27

Apr. 1 6
Mar. 28
Mar. 1 8
Mar. 1 8
Mar. 30

Oct. i6
Oct. 20
August
Aug. 6
Sept. 20
Oct. 24
Nov. I
Oct. 30
Nov. 2

June lO-July i

July

June, July

June-Aug. 6

July

Aug. is-Sept.

Aug. 20-Sept.

Aug. i-Sept. IS

Aug.i-Sept. IS

Oviparous, 6-io eggs
Oviparous, 9-12 eggs
Oviparous, 10-24 eggs
Oviparous, 10-25 eggs
Oviparous, 8-20 eggs
Ovoviviparous, 16-40 young
Ovoviviparous, 7-12 young
Ovoviviparous, 6-12 young
Ovoviviparous, 10-40 young

TURTLES

species

Earliest Spring
Appearance

Latest Fall
Record

Reproductive Period

Soft-shelled Turtle
Snapping Turtle
Musk Turtle
Painted Turtle
Muhlenberg's Turtle
Wood Turtle
Spotted Turtle

Apr. 23

Jan. 25, Mar. 20

Apr. I

Jan. 2, Mar. 10

Apr. 9

Jan. 26, Apr. 20

Apr. 3

July 26
Oct. 31
Sept. 24
Oct. 19

Sept. 28

June iS-.Tuly is
June, July
June lO-July 10
June-July
July 20-Aug. S

PLATE IV

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth!
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE IV

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE IV

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE IV

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation) :

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice;

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE IV

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:
Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Young;

Other characteristics:

PLATE IV

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics;

PLATE IV

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Yovmg:

Other characteristics:

PLATE IV

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-lajring:

Growth;
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE V

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration hibernation);

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE V

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE V

Date

Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration hibernation) :

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE V

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE IV

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications;

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE IV

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General :

Local (habitat):

, Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth :
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE V

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration hibernation) :

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth :
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE V

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:
Scientific name:
Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship :

Nesting or egg-laying:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

THE FAUNA OF ITHACA
MAMMALS

Species

Habitat

Breeding Time

Breeding Place

Activity

Opossum

Woodland

Mar. -

Hollow tree

Nocturnal, hibernates

Red Squirrel

Arboreal, everywhere

Apr.-May

Hole in tree

Diurnal

Gray Squirrel

Arboreal, hardwood
groves

Mar.-Apr. (Sept.-
Oct.)

Hole in tree, nest in
crotch

Diurnal, hibernates
during coldest weath-

Chipmunk
Woodchuck
Flying Squirrel

Terrestrial, dry woods,

fence rows
Terrestrial, fields and

wood borders
Arboreal, everywhere

May-July
Apr.-May
Apr. is-May i

Burrow in ground or

stump
Burrow in ground

Hole in dead stub

er

Diurnal, hibernates,
Nov. 1 5- March i

Mostly diurnal, hiber-
nates, Oct. i-Mar. i

Nocturnal

House Mouse

Habitations and vicin-
ity

Buildings, wharves,
sewers, etc.

Largely terrestrial,
woods and vicinity

Similar to the preced

Jan.-Dec.

About buildings

Largely nocturnal

Norway Rat

Deer Mouse

Canadian White-footed
Mouse

Jan.-Dec.
Apr .-Sept.
ing but found only

Burrow or crevice

Burrow in stump or be-
neath log
in Boreal woods

Largely nocturnal
Nocturnal

Muskrat

Aquatic, marshes and

May

Burrow or marsh nest

Largely nocturnal

Pine Mouse
Field Mouse

streams
Subterranean, woods

and fields
Woods and fields

Apr.-Aug.
May-Aug.

Burrow

Nest on ground

Nocturnal and diurnal
Nocturnal and diurnal

Red-backed Mouse

Canadian woods

Apr .-Sept.

Nest below or above

ground
Beneath clod or board

Nocturnal and diurnal

Jumping Mouse

Moist meadows

May-Sept.

Largely nocturnal, hi-
bernates, Nov. 15-
Apr. or May

Largely nocturnal

Varying Hare

Boreal woods

Apr. -June

Nest beneath bush or

stimip
Nest on ground in

woods and fields
Cavern or hollow tree

Cotton-tail
Canada Lynx

Woods and fields
Boreal woods

May 15-Aug.
May-June

Largely nocturnal
Nocturnal and diurnal

Red Fox

Woods and fields

March- Apr.

Caverns or burrows

Nocturnal or diurnal

Otter
Mink

Borders of streams
Marshes and stream

Apr.-May
Apr.-May

Burrow in bank of

stream
Burrow or hollow log

Largely nocturnal
Largely nocturnal

Small Brown Weasel
New York Weasel

Marshes, stream bor-
ders, woodland, fence
rows, etc.

Apr.-May

BvuTow in ground or
stump

Largely nocturnal

Skunk

Terrestrial, anywhere

Apr.-May

Burrow

Largely nocturnal, hi-
bernates dvu-ing cold-

Raccoon

Woodland

Apr.-May

Hollow tree

est weather
Nocturnal, hibernates

Star-nosed Mole
Naked-tailed Mole

Subterranean, moist

woods and meadows

Subterranean, alluvial

May-
May-

Burrow
Burrow

Dec.-Peb.
Nocturnal and diurnal

Nocturnal and diurnal

Hairy-tailed Mole

Subterranean moist
ground

Terrestrial and subter-
ranean, anywhere

Terrestrial, woods and
fields

May-

Burrow

Nocturnal and diurnal

Short-tailed Shrew
Long-tailed Shrew

May -(Oct.)
Jan.-Dec.

Burrow

Hollow log or under
board

Nocturnal and diurnal
Largely nocturnal

Hoary Bat

Arboreal

May

Nocturnal, migratory,

Red Bat

Arboreal

June-July

Among leaves of trees

found during October
Nocturnal, migratory.

Silvery-haired Bat

Pipistrelle

Big Brown Bat

Arboreal
Arboreal
Caves and buildings

June-July
July

Hollows or crevices in
trees

May is-Oct. 15
Nocturnal, migratory.

May i-(Sept. 20)
Nocturnal, migratory.

May I -Nov. i
Nocturnal, hibernates

Nov.-Feb. or Apr.,

Say's Bat

Trees and buildings

July

Probably gregarious,
attics and caves

also migrates
Nocturnal, migrates
and hibernates

Little Brown Bat

Caves and buildings

June-July

Gregarious, attics and
caves

Nocturnal, migrates
and hibernates

PLATE VI Date

Where found

SIZE
Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation);

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics;

PLATE VI

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and characters of i

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migratibn, hibernation):

Pood:
Correlated structiu-e:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI

Date
Where found

SIZE

CJommon name:

Scientific name:

Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation);

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI Date

Where found

SIZE
Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and characters of j

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation)!

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI Date

Where found

SIZE
Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and characters of I

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:
Correlated struciure:

Voice:

Breeding;

Sexual modifications;

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and characters of I

Confusing species:
Recognition marks: h.
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding;
Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Yoimg:

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI Date

Where fovind

. SIZE
Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and characters of I

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:
Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Voung:

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and characters of »

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:
Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breedins::

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and charzr.ters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks: ,^
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation)!

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:
Place:

Growth;
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI

Date
Where f otind

SIZE
Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and char^rters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks: i*
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Food:
Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:
Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other chaiacteristics:

PLATE VI

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and charicters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks: <-
Distinctive habits: ^

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (ijiigration. hibernation):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications!

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other chaiacteristics:

PLATE VI

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and charictexs of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks: «
Distinctive habits: ^

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth :
Young;

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI

Date
Where found

SIZE
Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and characters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks: .',-
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Food:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other chaj act eristics:

PLATE VI

Date

Where found

SIZE

Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and charicters of:

Confusing species:
Recognition marks: ir-
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation);

Pood:
Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI

Date

Where found

SIZE

Common name:

Scientific

Family, and characters of »

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:
Correlated structvire:

Voice:

Breeding;
Sexual modifications:

ODurtship:
Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:

Scientific namet

Family, and characters of I

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General :

Local (habitat):

Seasonal (migration. hibernation):

Pood:

Correlated structure:

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

PLATE VI

Date
Where found

SIZE

Common name:

Scientific name:

Family, and charactert •( i

Confusing species:
Recognition marks:
Distinctive habits:

Distribution:
General:

Local (habitat) :

Seasonal (migration, hibernation):

Pood:
Correlated •truccure;

Voice:

Breeding:

Sexual modifications:

Courtship:

Place:

Growth:
Young:

Other characteristics:

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